1

MEMORANDUM 

TO: Amy Hambrick, U.S. EPA, Sector Policies and Programs Division/Natural 

Resources and Commerce Group 

FROM: Amber Allen and Roy Oommen, Eastern Research Group, Inc. 

DATE: June 2010 

SUBJECT: Facility, Unit, and Emissions Test Database for the Sewage Sludge Incineration 

 Source Category 

1.0 INTRODUCTION 

This memorandum summarizes the information collection activities and data 

standardization procedures used to develop the Sewage Sludge Incinerators (SSI) facility, unit, 

and emissions test database.1

 The database discussed in this memorandum reflects the data 

utilized in preparation of the proposed regulations. The EPA received additional data after the 

preliminary data analysis, but due to the court-ordered deadline, did not have sufficient time to 

review and evaluate the additional data and revise the analyses. EPA intends to review the 

additional data submitted from a quality assurance and completeness perspective and incorporate 

that data into the final standards, as appropriate. To the extent the Agency receives additional 

emissions data during the comment period, the Agency will assess that data as it develops the 

final emission standards. 

Section 2.0 summarizes the data collection efforts and Section 3.0 discusses the 

procedures used to reconcile duplicates and standardize the reported data. Appendix A contains 

a lists and brief descriptions of the tables and fields contained in the SSI database. Appendix B 

provides a table showing the data conversions used to standardize emission units. 

2.0 DATA COLLECTION 

The initial inventory of SSI units operating in the United States is described in a separate 

memorandum.2

 In October of 2009, EPA issued an Information Collection Request (contained in 

Docket ID EPA-HQ-OAR-2009-0559) to 9 companies owning 10 of the facilities listed in the 

inventory. These 10 facilities collectively operate 20 SSI units and were chosen because their 

units had the most efficient control devices in the inventory. The ICR consisted of two parts: the 

first was a survey to collect comprehensive data on the operation of each SSI unit at each facility, 

and the second was a test plan to collect emissions data from each facility. The survey requested 

that facilities provide information concerning any operating SSI units (e.g., location of unit, 

contact person, emissions, fuel type, pollution controls, and operational costs). Facilities were 

also asked to submit to EPA any relevant test data from the last 5 years. Data from this part of 

the ICR were reviewed and combined with the SSI inventory data as a first step in the 

development of an SSI emissions database. The second part of the SSI ICR asked facilities to 

conduct emission tests for pollutants where emissions data were missing from the test data 
2

submitted in the first part of the ICR. Facilities submitted emissions test reports using various 

means, including hard copies of stack test reports and EPA’s Electronic Reporting Tool (ERT). 

Survey respondents submitted data for a total of 16 SSI units. A second source of emissions 

information was test reports collected from State environmental agencies’ public databases for 

nine multiple hearth units at 6 facilities. The emission tests in these reports were conducted 

between 2000 and 2009. One additional piece of information, needed to determine whether 

facilities were small entities, was facility population data. The collection of this data is described 

in more detail in the SSI inventory memorandum.2

Table 1, in Appendix A, lists the names of the tables within the SSI Database and 

describes the sources of the data they contain. Tables can be divided into primary data, used 

directly in determining emission limits, emission reductions, and cost estimates, and 

supplementary data, comprising data provided through ICR survey responses not used directly in 

these analyses. Additionally, look-up tables were created to list control abbreviations, criteria 

pollutants, and other useful information for the analysis. Fields within each table and associated 

descriptions are listed in Tables 2a -2d for primary data and Tables 3a-3k for supplementary 

data. A working table, called “Baseline and Cost Inputs” was also created. This table initially 

contained only known values for all parameters used to calculate costs and emissions. Several 

steps were then taken to fill data gaps using subcategory averages, flow rate factors, and other 

assumptions. The fields of this table and how they were used in subsequent analyses are 

described in further detail in Section 3.3 of this memo. 

3.0 DATA STANDARDIZATION PROCEDURES 

3.1. Survey Data

 Because the ICR survey was formatted as a questionnaire rather than a series of 

spreadsheets, the information reported had to be transposed to a spreadsheet in order to be used 

effectively in a database. Fields were created as needed to accommodate the information 

presented, and data was modified as appropriate in order to be used in calculations for all 

subsequent data analyses. For instance, in some cases, facilities returned one survey for multiple 

units, yielding responses that needed to be separated by unit. Text-heavy responses that didn’t fit 

specifically into one field were often included in a ‘Note’ or ‘Details’ field within the database. 

Units of measure were converted to be consistent with all other reported units of measure before 

entering into the database. Several examples of how pieces of data were transferred to the 

database are presented below. Steps such as these were taken wherever necessary in the database 

development process. 
3

Table 3.1. Example of Survey Data Adaption to Database 

Survey 

Question 

Survey 

Response 

Database 

Table Field Name Data Entered Explanation 

Original $4,591,544 

capital cost 

of unit: 

“$9,183,088 

Total for two 

MH 

incinerators 

and building” 

Unit: Cost OriginalCapitalCost 

$4,591,544 

Split cost into two 

records, one for 

each MH unit. 

Average AvgMoisture 21.6 

moisture 

content of 

total sewage 

sludge: 

“21.6% 

moisture (2008 

data) in 

incinerator #1.” 

Unit 

MoistureUnit % 

Values stored as 

numbers, separate 

from units (stored 

as text) so they can 

be used where 

needed in 

calculations. 

DesignCapacity 22 

DesignCapacityUnits dry tpd 

Unit Design 

Capacity: 

“2167 lbs/hr 

dry sludge 

(currently 

limited to 

1,814 lb/hr by 

SCDHEC)” 

Unit 

CapacityNote originally 2,167 

lbs/hr dry sludge, 

but currently 

limited to 1,814 

lbs/hr by 

SCDHEC 

Converted 1,814 

lb/hr to 22 dry tons 

per day (all other 

facilities provided 

tons per day) and 

entered as current 

maximum 

capacity. Noted 

original capacity in 

‘Note’ field. 

 Types of control devices used with each SSI unit were previously included in the 

inventory database2

, but detailed control information was provided in response to the ICR survey 

as well. To merge the data consistently in the Unit table, two fields were created: one descriptive 

field to merge the names of all controls listed in both the inventory data and the surveys, and one 

concise field abbreviating the controls and incorporating each unit into a control category 

representing a specific combination of controls. For instance, instead of associating a unit with a 

“dry cyclone scrubber, venturi quench followed by impingement tray scrubber, and internal 

afterburner prior to dry cyclone” throughout the analysis, a unit would be assigned the control 

category “abo - cs - vs - imp.” This allowed the units to more easily be grouped by their controls 

devices. See Table 4a for a list of control abbreviations. 

3.2 Emissions Test Data

Most of the fields presented in the Emissions table of the database were taken directly 

from ERT files as populated by the respondent. However, additional data fields such as ‘Notes’ 

and ‘Calculation Notes’ were added to the database to accommodate additional data extracted 

from submitted test reports. To track where the data originated, a ‘DataSource’ field was also 

added. 

Emissions data from the ERT was already reported in the units of measure desired for the 

analyses, so no further standardization was necessary for this data. However, not all test reports 

received reported data consistently; consequently, units of measure were converted to units 

consistent with the ERT data before importing test report data to the database. The data reported 

by facilities were converted into the following standardized units of measure (see Appendix B 

for data conversion equations): 
4

 Parts per million by volume on a dry basis, corrected to 7 percent oxygen (ppmvd @ 

7% O2) for hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen fluoride (HF), sulfur dioxide (SO2), 

carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx); 

 Milligrams per dry standard cubic meter, corrected to 7% O2 (mg/dscm @ 7% O2) for 

metals (including cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb)), condensable 

particulate matter (PM), filterable PM; PM10; PM2.5; total PM (including 

condensables); 

 Nanograms per dry standard cubic meter, corrected to 7% O2 (ng/dscm @ 7% O2) for 

dioxin/furans (both totals and specific congeners); and 

 Percent (%) for opacity. 

 Dry tons per hour (dtph) for sludge feed rate. 

 Dry standard cubic feet per minute (dscfm) for stack gas flow rate. 

 In order to analyze the emissions data on a pollutant-by-pollutant basis, pollutant names 

needed to be standardized as well. Table 4b shows the reported pollutant name (‘Pollutant’) and 

what standardized pollutant names were chosen (‘CommonName’). Names in the Emissions 

table were updated to the common names listed in the look-up table. 

3.3 Preparing for Data Analysis

 In order to perform cost and emission reduction analyses for the MACT floor limits, 

actual or estimated values need to be obtained for each unit in the inventory for the following 

parameters: 

1. Unit Sludge Capacity (for cost algorithms and to estimate unknown feed rates) 

2. Operational Hours (for cost algorithms, baseline emissions, and emission reductions) 

3. Average Dry Sludge Feed Rate (for cost algorithms and to estimate flow rates) 

4. Average Flue Gas Flow Rate (for cost algorithms, baseline emissions, and emission 

reductions) 

5. Average PM concentrations (for fabric filter costs) 

6. Annual Unit Operating Cost (for determining alternative disposal costs) 

7. Tipping Fee (for determining alternative disposal costs) 

 Average feed rates and flow rates can be calculated for all units for which test data is 

available. Emissions data used for developing the proposed standards consist of test data for 25 

units at 15 facilities. There are therefore data gaps in flow rate and feed rate for the other 193 

units in the inventory. Note that not all units have test data for every criteria pollutant, so there 

are more data gaps for the average pollutant concentration. 
5

 The table ‘Baseline and Cost Inputs’ was created as a working table in which calculations 

could be performed in order to fill these data gaps. Values for data gaps were estimated as 

follows for the above parameters: 

1. Unit Sludge Capacity: 

As described in the inventory database memorandum2

, some data gaps were filled with 

capacities obtained through state permit information or through web searches of unit 

owner or operator web sites. This data, combined with the survey data, yielded capacity 

values for 105 units. These are listed in the field ‘KnownCapacity(dtph)’. The capacities 

for the remaining 113 units were filled in using the subcategory averages of the known 

capacities (2.26 dry tons per hour for fluidized bed (FB) units and 2.69 dry tons per hour 

for multiple hearth (MH) units). Final capacities used for all subsequent analyses are 

listed in the field ‘Capacity (dtph).’ 

2. Operational Hours: 

As described in the baseline emissions memo3

, it was assumed that facilities with only 

one SSI unit would be operating the unit the entire year (8,400 hours assuming 2 weeks 

downtime). Facilities with two units would be operating one unit one year and the 

second unit the next, averaging to 4,200 hours for each if normalized to a yearly basis. 

Facilities with even numbers of units followed this assumption. Facilities with three units 

were assumed to be operating two units the majority of the year (8,400 hours) and one 

unit would be a backup and operate 360 hours (assuming operation during 2 weeks 

downtime for other units). The operational hours obtained from these assumptions and 

used in all subsequent analyses, are listed in the field ‘OperationalHours.’ 

3. Average Sludge Feed Rate: 

Feed rates were averaged for each unit having test data. Of the 193 remaining units, 80 

units had known capacities associated with them. A utilization factor of 75% was applied 

to these capacities to obtain a feed rate for these units. The resulting feed rates and 

average feed rates from test data are listed, in dry tons per hour, in the ‘KnownFeedRate’ 

field. The feed rates for the remaining 113 units were filled in using the subcategory 

averages of the feed rates from the test data (1.69 dtph for FB units and 2.02 dtph for MH 

units). Final feed rates used for all subsequent analyses are listed in the field ‘Feedrate 

dtph.’ 

4. Average Flue Gas Flow Rate:

Flow rates were averaged for each unit having test data. These averages are listed in the 

field ‘KnownFlowRate.’As noted in baseline emissions memorandum3, the flue gas flow 

rate exiting the SSI units where data were not available was calculated by using a flow 

rate factor relating flue gas flow rate to the dry tons of sludge fired in the incinerator. An 

average flue gas flow rate factor from all the test data was calculated for each 

subcategory (5,455.7 dscfm/dry tons per hour of sludge for FB units and 9,642.5 

dscfm/dry tons per hour of sludge for MH units) and then multiplied by the average 

sludge feed rates. Final flow rates used for all subsequent analyses are listed in the field 

‘Flow Rate dscfm.’ 
6

5. Average PM Concentration:

The process by which average pollutant concentrations were determined for all units is 

described in the baseline emissions memorandum.3 For the fabric filter cost algorithm, 

PM concentrations were required as inputs, and units needed to be in grains per dry 

standard cubic feet rather than mg/dscm. Concentrations were converted using the 

corresponding equation in Appendix B and are listed in the field ‘PM (gr/dscf).’ 

6. Annual Unit Operating Cost:

The cost to operate each SSI unit needed to be estimated in order to determine the costs 

associated with facilities that would choose to shut down their units and divert their waste 

to landfills. As described in a separate memorandum4, the annual costs for some units 

were provided in the SSI survey responses. These values are listed in the field 

‘KnownTAC.’ Cost factors were determined, in dollars per ton, for these units. Average 

and minimum cost factors for each subcategory were applied to all other units to estimate 

annual costs to operate all other units. Factors and resulting costs using these two 

scenarios are listed in the fields ‘TAC factor (avg)($/dry ton)’, ‘TAC (avg)’, ‘TAC factor 

(low)($/dry ton)’, and ‘TAC (low).’ 

7. Tipping Fees:

Tipping fees used in the landfill cost algorithms are described in detail in a separate 

memorandum.4

 They are listed in the ‘TippingFee’ field of the Baseline and Cost Inputs 

table. 
7

4.0 REFERENCES

1. SSI Facility, Unit, and Emissions Database. Docket ID EPA-HQ-OAR-2009-0559. 

2. “Development of the Inventory Database for the Sewage Sludge Incinerator Source Category” 

Memorandum from Roy Oommen, Eastern Research Group, Inc. to Amy Hambrick, U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency. June, 2010. 

3. “Estimation of Baseline Emissions From Existing Sewage Sludge Incineration Units” 

Memorandum from Roy Oommen, Eastern Research Group, Inc. to Amy Hambrick, U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency. June, 2010. 

4. “Cost and Emission Reduction of the MACT Floor Level of Control” Memorandum from Amber 

Allen and Roy Oommen, Eastern Research Group, Inc. to Amy Hambrick, U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency. June, 2010. 

5. 2004 CWNS database: cwns2004db.mdb (http://www.epa.gov/cwns/2004data.htm: Microsoft 

Access File) 

6. U.S. Census Bureau, QuickFacts database: http://quickfacts.census.gov.
8

Appendix A 

Database Tables and Field Descriptions
9

Table 1. SSI Database Table Names and Data Source Description

Table Name Table Description/Data Source 

Facility Inventory Database1 and SSI Survey 

Unit Inventory Database1 and SSI Survey 

Unit: Cost SSI Survey 

Primary Data 

Emissions 

Test Reports submitted by States, Test Reports submitted in response to first part 

of ICR, and Test Reports submitted via Electronic Reporting Tool (ERT) as 

second part of ICR. 

Facility: Disposal Alternatives Information about alternatives to incineration, as reported in ICR survey. 

Facility: Operator Training Details about training procedures, as reported in ICR survey. 

Unit: Controls: ESP Additional details about electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) for those units having 

this control, as reported in ICR survey. 

Unit: Controls: Fabric Filter Additional details about fabric filters for those units having this control, as 

reported in ICR survey. 

Unit: Controls: General General information about each control device listed in ICR survey 

Unit: Controls: Other SSI Survey 

Unit: Controls: Scubber Additional details about scrubbers for those units having this control, as reported 

in ICR survey. 

Unit: Heat Recovery Details Additional details about heat recovery systems for those units with heat recovery, 

as reported in ICR survey. 

Unit: Materials Burned Details specific to each material burned, as reported in ICR survey. 

Unit: Previously Tested Pollutants Lists pollutants previously tested for units as reported in ICR survey. 

Supplementary Data 

Unit: Process Parameters Process parameter details specific to each unit, as reported in ICR survey. 

Working 

Data 

Baseline and Cost Inputs 

Contains collection of data pulled from SSI Survey Data, State permit data, 

Emissions data, as well as calculations and assumptions made to fill data gaps 

where needed as inputs for emissions and cost estimates. 

LOOKUP - Control Abbreviations Lists control devices and abbreviations used throughout analysis 

LOOKUP - Standardized Pollutant 

Names 

Lists pollutant names as reported and the standardized names that replaced them 

in the emissions table. 

LOOKUP - Criteria Pollutants Lists pollutants of interest for analyses 

Look-up Tables 

LOOKUP - Populations by Owner EPA’s Clean Watersheds Need Survey (CWNS) database5 and census data6
10

Table 2a. Database Fields for “Facility” Table 

Field Name Field Description 

FacilityID IDs assigned beginning with state abbreviation then part or all of facility name 

FacilityName Name of facility, as reported in ICR survey response or as identified in original SSI inventory 

OwnerName Name of Legal Owner 

PhysicalAddress Facility Address 

PhysicalCity Facility City 

PhysicalState Facility State 

PhysicalZip Facility Zip Code 

County Facility County 

OwnerContact Name (First Name, Last Name): 

OwnerTitle Owner Title 

OwnerPhone Owner Contact Phone Number 

OwnerFax Owner Fax Number 

OwnerEmail Owner E-mail Address 

PopulationServed Population served by facility where the unit(s) is located (e.g., number of people,households, etc) 

NFacilityEmployees Number of employees at the facility where SSI/combustion unit is located 

NParentEmplyees Number of employees at the parent company, organization or institution (e.g. municipality, wastewater 

treatment agency, etc.) that owns the facility 

SmallEntity Is the facility a small entity? (yes, no, unknown) 
11

Table 2b. Database Fields for “Unit” Table 

Field Name Field Description 

FacilityID 

UnitID 

Based on test report, ICR Survey, ERT data, and/or NACWA data. Often, different sources referred 

to the same unit with different IDs, but these IDs typical contained a common number, which was 

assigned as the Unit ID for the database. 

UnitType Fluidized bed (FB), multiple hearth (MH), other if applicable 

OperatingRate Typical operating rate (expressed as % of design rate) 

DesignCapacity Unit Capacity, as reported in ICR survey 

DesignCapacityUnits dry tons per hour (dtph), tons per day (tpd), etc, as reported in ICR survey 

CapacityNote additional capacity details 

ConcatControls List all pollution control devices, as reported in ICR survey. 

ControlCategory abbreviated control combination (to standardardize) 

ConcatMaterialsBurned list all materials burned 

UnitShutDown? If this ICR does not apply to your unit, is it because the unit is shut down? 

UnitShutDownDetails If yes to previous, provide details of unit shutdown. 

NotSewageSludge? If this ICR does not apply to your unit, is it because the unit does not burn sewage sludge? 

NotSewageSludgeDetails If yes to previous, provide details. 

Manufacturer Incinerator manufacturer 

ModelNumber Incinerator model number 

YearInstalled Year incinerator installed 

UpgradesControlsDetails If pollution control devices have been upgaded, provide details 

WasteSegregation Is waste segregated? 

MaterialsSegregated If yes to previous, what materials are segregated? 

TotalBurned Total amount of material burned 

TotalBurnedUnits Units for total amount of material burned 

AvgFeedRate Average feed rate (amount of waste burned over time interval) 

FeedRateUnit dry tons per hour (dtph), tons per day (tpd), etc 

AvgMoisture Average sludge moisture content 

MoistureUnit Moisture content unit (eg %) 

ChamberExitTemp(F) Temperature of chamber exit in degrees fahrenheit 

ResTime(sec) Average residence time in seconds 

HeatRecovery Does the unit have heat recovery? 

HeatRecoveryType If yes to previous, what type of heat recovery? 

HeatRecoveryUse How is the heat used? 

AddOnControl Does the unit have add-on pollution control devices? 

NonAddOnControl Does the unit have non-add-on pollution control devices? 

NonAddOnControlDetails If yes to previous, please provide details 

PreviousTestData Is test data available for the unit? 

PreviousTestDataYears If yes to previous, for what years are test data available? 

UnitMod List any unit modifications that have taken place 

SU-SDfrequency List the frequencies of unit start-up and unit shutdown 

SU-SDprocedure List procedures followed or activities occurring during start-up and shutdown 

SU-SDdifference Is the emission profile of the unit different during start-up and shutdown than during normal 

conditions? 

SU-SDtestdata Is test data available for start-up of shutdown periods? 

SU-SDtestdetail If yes to previous, provide details 
12

Table 2c. Database Fields for “Unit: Cost” Table 

Field Name Field Description 

FacilityID 

UnitID 

OriginalCapitalCost Original capital cost of SSI unit, as reported in SSI survey 

CapitalCostYear Year of unit installation, as reported in SSI survey, assumed to be year of reported capital cost 

AnnualCostYear Year listed with reported annual operational cost for unit 

AnnualLaborCost Broken down labor cost, as reported for some units in SSI survey 

AnnualMaintenanceCost Broken down maintenance cost, as reported for some units in SSI survey 

AnnualAshHandlingCost Broken down cost to handle ash from unit, as reported for some units in SSI survey 

AnnualUtilityCost Broken down cost. May include auxiliary fuel for units that did not break out fuel separately 

AnnualMaterialsAuxFuelCost Broken down cost for materials, supplies, or other misc costs listed in survey 

AnnualCostTotal Total annual cost to operate unit, as reported in SSI survey 
13

Table 2d. Database Fields for “Emissions” Table 

Field Name Field Description 

FacilityID 

Unit ID 

Unit Type FB, MH, other 

Control Device Control devices operating during testing 

Test Location stack exit, etc. 

Test Date 

Pollutant standardized pollutant name 

Test ID Assigned as entered to differentiate between tests for same pollutant for same unit 

Test Run run number 

Pollutant Value Pollutant concentration 

Pollutant Unit concentration units 

Flag note if below detection limit, detection limit limited, etc. 

ND assigned 1 if non-detect, 0 if above detection limit 

Test Method 

Flow Rate acfm 

Flow Rate dscfm 

Moisture % 

O2 % 

Gas Temp F Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit 

feedrate rate at which sludge was being burned during test 

feedrate unit unit of measure used for feed rate value (tons per year, tons per day, pounds per hour, tons per hour) 

Feedrate dtph Feed rates standardized to dry tons per hour 

FlowRateFactor (dscfm/dtph) Calculated to use later in flow rate estimates for units with no test data 

AuxFuel Auxiliary fuel used 

Notes general notes 

Calculation Notes notes relating to calculations 

DataSource Data from ICR test reports (1st phase of ICR), ERT round 1 (2nd phase of ICR), or data provided by 

states. Expect additional rounds of data after proposal. 
14

Table 3a. Database Fields for “Facility: Disposal Alternatives” Table 

Field Name Field Description 

FacilityID 

OnsiteDisp Check if waste would be disposed on-site 

Cost_OnsiteDisp Estimated cost for on-site disposal 

Contract Check if facility would contract for special disposal service 

Cost_Contract Estimated cost for contracting special disposal service 

OffsiteLandfill Check if waste would be sent to a landfill off-site 

Cost_OffsiteLandfill Estimated cost for off-site disposal at landfill 

OffsiteFuel Check if waste would be sold as a fuel 

Cost_OffsiteFuel Estimated cost (or savings) for selling waste as fuel 

OffsiteProduct Check if waste would be sold as a product 

Cost_OffsiteProduct Estimated cost (or savings) for selling waste as product 

NoAlternatives Check if no other alternative currently available 

Unknown Check if you are unaware of alternative disposal options for your facility 
15

Table 3b. Database Fields for “Facility: Operator Training” Table 

Field Name Field Description 

FacilityID 

SOPavailable Does facility make written standard operating procedures available to all operators? 

OMManuals Does the facility keep operations and maintenance manuals from the equipment manufacturer 

near operator locations? 

AdditionalPractices Explain any additional practices the facility employs to ensure operation of the incinerator is 

consistent from one shift to another. 

TrainingRequired For each unit, is operator training required by a local or state agency as a condition of plant 

operation? 

TrainingRequiredBy If Yes to previous, name the agency 

TrainingInHouse Operator Training conducted by in-house personnel? (Y/N) 

TrainingPrivate Operator Training conducted by private contractor? (Y/N) 

TrainingStateLocal Operator Training conducted by state or local agency? (Y/N) 

TrainingOther Operator Training conducted by other entity? (Y/N) 

TrainingOtherDetails If Yes to previous, specify what entity conducts training. 

SSHandlingPreWork(hr) How many hours of formal training conducted in Sewage Sludge Handling prior to starting 

work? 

SSHandlingYear1(hr) How many hours of formal training conducted in Sewage Sludge Handling during first year of 

employment? 

SSHandlingPostYear1(hr) How many hours of formal training conducted in Sewage Sludge Handling after first year of 

employment? 

CombustorOpPreWork(hr) How many hours of formal training conducted in Combustor Operation prior to starting work? 

CombustorOpYear1(hr) How many hours of formal training conducted in Combustor Operation during first year of 

employment? 

CombustorOpPostYear1(hr) How many hours of formal training conducted in Combustor Operation after first year of 

employment? 

APCDPreWork(hr) How many hours of formal training conducted in Air Pollution Control Devices prior to starting 

work? 

APCDYear1(hr) How many hours of formal training conducted in Air Pollution Control Devices during first year 

of employment? 

APCDPostYear1(hr) How many hours of formal training conducted in Air Pollution Control Devices after first year 

of employment? 

ResidueHandlePreWork(hr) How many hours of formal training conducted in Residue Handling prior to starting work? 

ResidueHandleYear1(hr) How many hours of formal training conducted in Residue Handling during first year of 

employment? 

ResidueHandlePostYear1(hr) How many hours of formal training conducted in Residue Handling after first year of 

employment? 

HandsOnPreWork(hr) How many hours of formal hands-on training conducted prior to starting work? 

HandsOnYear1(hr) How many hours of formal hands-on training conducted during first year of employment? 

HandsOnPostYear1(hr) How many hours of formal hands-on training conducted after first year of employment? 

OtherTrainingArea1 Other area of training (1) 

Other1PreWork(hr) How many hours of formal training in 'othertrainingarea1' conducted prior to starting work? 

Other1Year1(hr) How many hours of formal training in 'othertrainingarea1' conducted during first year of 

employment? 

Other1PostYear1(hr) How many hours of formal training in 'othertrainingarea1' conducted after first year of 

employment? 

OtherTrainingArea2 Other area of training (2) 

Other2PreWork(hr) How many hours of formal training in 'othertrainingarea2' conducted prior to starting work? 

Other2Year1(hr) How many hours of formal training in 'othertrainingarea2' conducted during first year of 

employment? 

Other2PostYear1(hr) How many hours of formal training in 'othertrainingarea2' conducted after first year of 

employment? 
16

Table 3c. Database Fields for “Unit: Controls: General” Table 

Field Name Field Description 

FacilityID 

UnitID 

ControlType Control device type (scrubber, fabric filter, wesp, etc) 

ControlShared Is Control Device/Technique shared between combustion units? 

SharedDetails If Y to previous, identify other units routed to same control device 

PercentFlueGas Percent of flue gas through air pollution control system 

DuctLength(ft) Total duct length from incinerator outlet to inlet of control 

YearControlInstalled 

ControlManufacturer 

ControlModelNumber 

OriginalControlCapCost Original capital cost of control device. 

AnnualControlOpCost Annual operating costs, including maintenance, labor, energy, etc. 

ControlNote Additional general information regarding specific control device. 
17

Table 3d. Database Fields for “Unit: Controls: ESP” Table 

Field Name Field Description 

FacilityID 

UnitID 

PMRemovalEfficiency(%) Removal efficiency of PM, as percent of inlet mass loading 

ESPCollectionArea(ft2) 

ESPInletFlowRate(acfm) 

ESPDesignInletTemp(F) 

ESPMaxInletTemp(F) 

ESPMinInletTemp(F) 

ESPDesignGasVelocity(ft/s) 

ESPMaxWaterFlow(gpm) 

ESPMinWaterFlow(gpm) 

ESPOtherConditions 
18

Table 3e. Database Fields for “Unit: Controls: Fabric Filter” Table 

Field Name Field Description 

FacilityID 

UnitID 

PMRemovalEfficiency(%) Removal efficiency of PM, as percent of inlet mass loading 

NumCompartments Number of compartments 

BagsPerCompart Number of bags per compartment 

BagArea(ft2) 

FFInletFlowRate(acfm) 

FFDesignInletTemp(F) 

FFMaxOpTemp(F) 

FFMinOpTemp(F) 

BagMaterial Bag material and coating 

BagCleaning Bag cleaning method 

PressureDrop Pressure drop across each of multiple scrubbers, in inches of water 

BagLife(months) 
19

Table 3f. Database Fields for “Unit: Controls: Scrubber” Table 

Field Name Field Description 

FacilityID 

UnitID 

Venturi Check if venturi scrubber 

impingement tray Check if impingement tray scrubber 

plate/tray Check if plate/tray 

advanced venturi Check if advanced venturi scrubber 

Injection Check if injection 

Packed Bed Check if packed bed scrubber 

OtherScrubberType List other scrubber type if applicable 

PMRemoval Scrubber intended for PM removal? (Y/N) 

SO2Removal Scrubber intended for SO2 removal? (Y/N) 

HClRemoval Scrubber intended for HCl removal? (Y/N) 

AcidGasRemoval Scrubber intended for acid gas removal? (Y/N) 

OrganicsRemoval Scrubber intended for removal of organics? (Y/N) 

OtherRemoval Other pollutants removed by scrubber 

InletFlowRate 

InletFlowRateUnit 

DesignInletTemp(F) 

ScrubbingMedium 

pH Scrubbing medium pH 

WaterFlow(gpm) 

PressureDrop Pressure drop against each of multiple scrubbers 

MistEliminator Does the scrubber have a mist eliminator? 

AvgOutletTemp(F) 

ScrubberSource Describe the general source and quality of scrubber water 
20

Table 3g. Database Fields for “Unit: Controls: Other” Table 

Field Name Field Description 

FacilityID 

UnitID 

ControlType 

Pollutant Controlled 

Removal Efficiency(%) Removal efficiency of pollutant, as percent of inlet mass loading 

InletFlowRate(acfm) 

DesignInletTemp(F) 

MonitoredParameter1 

SetPoint1 

MonitoredParameter2 

SetPoint2 
21

Table 3h. Database Fields for “Unit: Heat Recovery Details” Table 

Field Name Field Description 

FacilityName 

UnitID 

HeatRecManufacturer Heat recovery system manufacturer 

HeatRecModelNumber Heat recovery system model number 

HeatRecSSIDesign check if integrated into design of SSI unit when installed 

HeatRecAddon check if add-on heat recovery system 

HeatRecInstallYear if add-on heat recovery, indicated year installed 

HeatRecDesignCap Design capacity of heat recovery unit 

HeatRecDesignCap_Unit 

HeatRecSteam what is design steam quality or pressure 

HeatRecSteam_Unit 

WaterTube Water Tube? (Y/N) 

FireTube Fire Tube? (Y/N) 

SinglePass Single Pass (Y/N) 

Multipass Multipass? (Y/N) 

IntDrum Integral Drum? (Y/N) 

ElDrum Elevated Drum? (Y/N) 

Comb Combination Drum? (Y/N) 

Other 

SuppFire Does the heat recovery unit have supplemental firing (Y/N) 

SuppFireFuel If yes to previous, type of auxiliary fuel used (natural gas, fuel oil, other) 

%EnergyNeed percent of your total facility annual energy need (including process heat, steam, space heat, and 

electricity generation) is met by heat recovery unit 

%EnergySold percent of the energy produced by heat recovery unit used to produce steam or electricity to be 

sold off-site 

HeatRecoveryNote Additional information about heat recovery system 
22

Table 3i. Database Fields for “Unit: Materials Burned” Table 

Field Name Field Description 

FacilityID 

UnitID 

MaterialBurned 

MaterialDescription 

%AnnualInput 

MaterialSource Indicate the source and amount (dry tons) from which the material originates (e.g. material 

generated on-site or material that originates at another plant (s) and the name of the plant(s) 

HoursOperational number of hours material is burned 

PerWeekMonthYear indicate whether per week, per month or per year 

HeavyMetal Do any of the materials incinerated/combusted contain heavy metals? Y/N/U 

HalogenComp Do any of the materials incinerated/combusted contain halogenated compounds? Y/N/U 

Radioactive Do any of the materials incinerated/combusted contain radioactive materials? Y/N/U 

Chemo Do any of the materials incinerated/combusted contain chemotherapeutic materials? Y/N/U 
23

Table 3j. Database Fields for “Unit: Previously Tested Pollutants” Table 

Field Name Field Description 

FacilityID 

UnitID 

TestDate 

TestDuration 

PM Test for PM? 

PM25 Test for PM 2.5? 

CondPM Test for condensible PM? 

FiltPM Test for filterable PM? 

THC Test for THC? 

CO Test for CO? 

NOx Test for NOx? 

SO2 Test for SO2? 

HCl Test for HCl? 

HF Test for HF? 

Sb Test for Antimony? 

As Test for Arsenic? 

Be Test for Beryllium? 

Cd Test for Cadmium? 

Cr Test for Chromium? 

Cobalt Test for Cobalt? 

Pb Test for Lead? 

Mn Test for Manganese? 

Hg Test for Mercury? 

Ni Test for Nickel? 

Se Test for Selenium? 

DF/PCBs Test for Dioxins/Furans/Coplanar PCBs? 

Opacity Opacity test? 

Other Other pollutants tested 
24

Table 3k. Database Fields for “Unit: Process Parameters” Table 

Field Name Field Description 

FacilityID 

UnitID 

COControlMode Process parameter control mode for CO (Manual/Automatic/Not Controlled/n/a) 

THCControlMode Process parameter control mode for THC (Manual/Automatic/Not Controlled/n/a) 

O2ControlMode Process parameter control mode for O2 (Manual/Automatic/Not Controlled/n/a) 

FuelBurnoutControlMode Process parameter control mode for Fuel Burnout (Manual/Automatic/Not Controlled/n/a) 

BurnCycleControlMode Process parameter control mode for Burn Cycle (Manual/Automatic/Not Controlled/n/a) 

ExitTempControlMode Process parameter control mode for Incinerator Exit Temperature (i.e. gas temp at last 

combustion chamber outlet) (Manual/Automatic/Not Controlled/n/a) 

ExcessAirControlMode Process parameter control mode for %Excess Air (Manual/Automatic/Not Controlled/n/a) 

OtherProcessParameter1 Other process control parameter 1 

Other1ControlMode Process parameter control mode for other parameter 1 (Manual/Automatic/Not Controlled/n/a) 

OtherProcessParameter2 Other process control parameter 2 

Other2ControlMode Process parameter control mode for other parameter 2 (Manual/Automatic/Not Controlled/n/a) 

SteamPrdControlMode Process parameter control mode for heat recovery steam production (Manual/Automatic/Not 

Controlled/n/a) 

HeatRecovTempControlMode Process parameter control mode for heat recovery unit temperature (Manual/Automatic/Not 

Controlled/n/a) 

OtherHeatRecovParameter Other process control parameter for heat recovery unit, if applicable 

OtherHeatRecovControlMode Process parameter control mode for 'other heat recovery unit' parameter 

(Manual/Automatic/Not Controlled/n/a) 
25

Table 4a. Control Abbreviations in Database 

LOOKUP – Control Abbreviations 

Control Abbreviation 

abd detached afterburner 

abo on-hearth afterburner 

ac inject. activated carbon injection for mercury control 

ac polish. activated carbon polishing for mercury control 

agr acid gas removal system 

bag baghouse 

ccpt counter-current packed tower 

cs cyclone seperator 

cs/tg twin gas cyclonic scrubber 

fgr flue gas recirculation 

hjs horizontal gas scrubber 

hss hydrosonic scrubber 

imp impingement tray 

bb pbs packed bed scrubber 

pbt packed bed tower 

rto regenative thermal oxidizer 

vs venturi scrubber 

vs(ad) venturi pak or ring jet scrubbers (more efficient than vs-imp) 

wesp wet electro static precipitator 

whs wet hydrosonic scrubber 

ws wet scrubber (undefined) 

mc multiclone 
26

Table 4b. Standardized Pollutant Names 

LOOKUP - Standardized Pollutant Names 

Pollutant CommonName Pollutant CommonName 

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD Cd Cadmium (Cd) 

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF Chromium Chromium (Cr) 

1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF Chrysene* Chrysene* 

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD CO Carbon Monoxide (CO) 

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF Cobalt Cobalt (Co) 

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD Other Hexa-CBs Other Hexa-CBs 

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF Other HpCDD Other HpCDD 

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD Copper Copper (Cu) 

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF DeCB DeCB 

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD DF TEQ DF TEQ 

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF DF TMB DF TMB 

2,3,3',4,4',5,5'-HpCB 2,3,3',4,4',5,5'-HpCB Dibenz(a,h)anthracene* Dibenz(a,h)anthracene* 

2,3,3',4,4',5,5'-HpCB (PCB189) 2,3,3',4,4',5,5'-HpCB (PCB189) Dibenzo(a,h)Anthracene* Dibenzo(a,h)Anthracene* 

2,3,3',4,4',5/2,3,3',4,4',5'-HxCB 2,3,3',4,4',5/2,3,3',4,4',5'-HxCB Filterable Particulate PM (filterable) 

2,3,3',4,4',5/2,3,3',4,4',5'-HxCB 2,3,3',4,4',5/2,3,3',4,4',5'-HxCB Filterable PM2.5 PM2.5 (filterable) 

2,3,3',4,4',5'-HxCB 2,3,3',4,4',5'-HxCB Fluoranthene** Fluoranthene** 

2,3,3',4,4',5-HxCB 2,3,3',4,4',5-HxCB Fluorene** Fluorene** 

2,3,3',4,4'-PeCB 2,3,3',4,4'-PeCB HCl Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) 

2,3,3',4,4'-PeCB (PCB105) 2,3,3',4,4'-PeCB (PCB105) HF Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) 

2,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB 2,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB Hg Mercury (Hg) 

2,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB (PCB167) 2,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB (PCB167) Hydrogen Chloride Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) 

2',3,4,4',5-PeCB 2',3,4,4',5-PeCB Hydrogen Fluoride Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) 

2,3',4,4',5-PeCB 2,3',4,4',5-PeCB Indeno(1,2,3-cd)Pyrene* Indeno(1,2,3-cd)Pyrene* 

2,3,4,4',5-PeCB 2,3,4,4',5-PeCB Inorganic (Aqueous) PM (Inorg Cond) 

2,3,4,4',5-PeCB (PCB114) 2,3,4,4',5-PeCB (PCB114) Lead Lead (Pb) 

2,3',4,4',5-PeCB (PCB118) 2,3',4,4',5-PeCB (PCB118) Magnesium Magnesium (Mg) 

2',3,4,4',5-PeCB (PCB123) 2',3,4,4',5-PeCB (PCB123) Manganese Manganese (Mn) 

2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF Mercury Mercury (Hg) 

2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF Naphthalene** Naphthalene** 

2,3,7,8-TCDD 2,3,7,8-TCDD Nickel Nickel (Ni) 

2,3,7,8-TCDF 2,3,7,8-TCDF Nitrogen oxides (NOx) Nitrogen oxides (NOx) 

2-Methylnaphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene NOx Nitrogen oxides (NOx) 

3,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB 3,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB OCDD OCDD 

3,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB (PCB169) 3,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB (PCB169) OCDF OCDF 

3,3',4,4',5-PeCB 3,3',4,4',5-PeCB Opacity Opacity 

3,3',4,4',5-PeCB (PCB126) 3,3',4,4',5-PeCB (PCB126) Organic Condensible PM (Org Cond) 

3,3',4,4'-TCB 3,3',4,4'-TCB Other Di-CBs Other Di-CBs 

3,3',4,4'-TCB (PCB77) 3,3',4,4'-TCB (PCB77) Other Hepta-CBs Other Hepta-CBs 

3,4,4',5-TCB 3,4,4',5-TCB Other Hexa-CBs Other Hexa-CBs 

3,4,4',5-TCB (PCB81) 3,4,4',5-TCB (PCB81) Other HpCDD Other HpCDD 

Acenaphthene** Acenaphthene** Other HpCDF Other HpCDF 

Acenaphthylene** Acenaphthylene** Other HxCDD Other HxCDD 

Anthracene** Anthracene** Other HxCDF Other HxCDF 

Antimony Antimony (Sb) Other Mono-CBs Other Mono-CBs 

Arsenic Arsenic (As) Other Nona-CBs Other Nona-CBs 

Barium Barium (Ba) Other Octa-CBs Other Octa-CBs 

Benzo(a)Anthracene* Benzo(a)Anthracene* Other PeCDD Other PeCDD 

Benzo(a)Pyrene* Benzo(a)Pyrene* Other PeCDF Other PeCDF 

Benzo(b)Fluoranthene* Benzo(b)Fluoranthene* Other Penta-CBs Other Penta-CBs 

Benzo(e)Pyrene Benzo(e)Pyrene Other TCDD Other TCDD 

Benzo(ghi)Perylene** Benzo(ghi)Perylene** Other TCDF Other TCDF 

Benzo(k)Fluoranthene* Benzo(k)Fluoranthene* Other Tetra-CBs Other Tetra-CBs 

Beryllium Beryllium (Be) Other Tri-CBs Other Tri-CBs 

Cadmium Cadmium (Cd) Pb Lead (Pb) 

Carbon Monoxide Carbon Monoxide (CO) Perylene Perylene 

Phenanthrene** Phenanthrene** Total PCBs Total PCBs 

LOOKUP - Standardized Pollutant Names 
27

Pollutant CommonName Pollutant CommonName 

Phosphorus (yellow or white) Phosphorus (P) Total Hexa-CBs Total Hexa-CBs 

PM (filterable) PM (filterable) Total HpCDD Total HpCDD 

PM (Inorg Cond) PM (Inorg Cond) Total HpCDF Total HpCDF 

PM (Org Cond) PM (Org Cond) Total HxCDD Total HxCDD 

PM (total, including PM (total, including Total HxCDF Total HxCDF 

PM10 (filterable) PM10 (filterable) Total Mono-CBs Total Mono-CBs 

PM2.5 (filterable) PM2.5 (filterable) Total Nona-CBs Total Nona-CBs 

PM2.5 (Total) PM2.5 (Total) Total Octa-CBs Total Octa-CBs 

PM2.5-10 (filterable) PM2.5-10 (filterable) Total Organic Compounds Total Organic Compounds (TOC) 

Pyrene** Pyrene** Total Particulate Total Particulate 

Selenium Selenium (Se) Total PeCDD Total PeCDD 

Silver Silver (Ag) Total PeCDF Total PeCDF 

SO2 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Total PM2.5 Total PM2.5 

Sulfur Dioxide Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Total TCDD Total TCDD 

Thallium Thallium (Tl) Total TCDF Total TCDF 

Total 16*/**PAH Total 16*/**PAH Total TEQ DF TEQ 

Total 7*PAH Total 7*PAH Total TEQ Dioxans Total TEQ Dioxans 

Total Di-CBs Total Di-CBs Total Tetra-CBs Total Tetra-CBs 

Total Dioxins Total Dioxins Total Tri-CBs Total Tri-CBs 

Total Furans Total Furans Zinc Zinc (Zn) 

Total Hepta-CBs Total Hepta-CBs 
28

Appendix B 

Data Conversion Equations
29

Appendix B: Data Conversion Table 

Variable From To Data Required Constants Conversion Equation 

lb/hr mg/dscm flow rate (dscm/m) 

453.592 g/lb 

60 m/hr 

1000 mg/g 

(mg/dscm) = (lb/hr)*453592/(60*dscm/m) 

gr/dscf mg/dscm (applies to PM) 

7000 gr/lb 

35.31 ft3/m3 

453592 mg/lb 

(mg/dscm) = (gr/dscf)*35.31*453592/7000 

mg/dscm ppmvd (ppmvd) = (mg/dscm)/(0.041552*(MW)) 

ppmvd mg/dscm 

Molecular Weight 

(MW): 

NO2 = 46 lb/mol 

CO = 28.01 lb/mol 

SO2 = 64.06 lb/mol 

HCl = 36.45 lb/mol 

HF = 20.01 lb/mol 

.041552 

mg/dscm 

(@ 7% O2 

and 68oF) (mg/dscm) = 0.041552*(MW)*(ppmvd) 

mg/dscm ng/dscm (ng/dscm) = (10^6)*(mg/dscm) 

ppmv ppmvd moisture (%H2O) (ppmvd) = (ppmv)*100/(100 - %H2O) 

Pollutant 

emission 

at X%O2 at 7% O2 O2 content (%O2) (at 7% O2) = (at X%O2)*(20.9 - 7)/(20.9 - %O2) 

dscf/m dscm/m 35.315 ft3/m3 (dscm/m) = (dscf/m)/35.315 Flow rate 

scf dscf moisture (%H2O) (dscf) = (scf)*(100 - %H2O)/100 

Feed Rate wet tons dry tons 28% solids dry tons = 0.28*wet tons 

or 

Capacity tons per hour tons per year operational hours (hr/yr) (tpy) = (tph)*(hr/yr)