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                        Intersection Safety: A Manual for Local Rural Road Owners


            
            In This Section
        Local and Rural Road Safety Program
                Training, Tools, Guidance and Countermeasures for Locals Practitioners
                Crash Facts
                
                Appendix A – Resources and References
This section contains references to further information on the types of countermeasures available, studies and technical reports on local rural roads and intersections, and guidelines used for countermeasure installation.

Selected Technical Resources

Federal Highway Administration, "Intersection Safety" website. Available at https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safety/intersection-safety

Federal Highway Administration, "Rural Intersection Safety" website. Available at http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/intersection/rural

Federal Highway Administration, "Unsignalized Intersection Safety" website. Available at https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safety/intersection-safety/intersection-types/stop-controlled-intersections

Federal Highway Administration, "Low-Cost Safety Enhancements for Stop-Controlled and Signalized Intersections," FHWA-SA-09-020. (Washington, DC: 2009). Available at https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/sites/fhwa.dot.gov/files/2022-06/fhwasa09020.pdf

Federal Highway Administration, "Objectives and Strategies for Improving Safety at Unsignalized and Signalized Intersections," (Washington, DC: 2008). Available at https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/sites/fhwa.dot.gov/files/2022-06/fhwasa15085.pdf

Federal Highway Administration, "Intersection Safety Strategies Brochure," FHWA-SA-08-008 (Washington, DC: 2008). Available at https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/sites/fhwa.dot.gov/files/2022-06/fhwasa15085.pdf

Federal Highway Administration, "Objectives and Strategies for Improving Safety at Unsignalized and Signalized Intersections" (Washington, DC: 2008). Available at https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/sites/fhwa.dot.gov/files/2022-06/fhwasa15085.pdf

American Traffic Safety Services Association, National Association of County Engineers, "Low Cost Local Road Safety Solutions," 2006. Available at http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/intersection/other_topics/fhwasa09027/resources/Low%20Cost%20Local%20Road%20Safety%20Solutions.pdf

Federal Highway Administration, "Guidance Memorandum on Consideration and Implementation of Proven Safety Countermeasures." Available at https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safety/pedestrian-bicyclist/safety-tools/memorandum-january-12-2012

Neuman, T.R., et al. *A Guide for Addressing Unsignalized Intersection Collisions*, NCHRP Report 500, Vol. 5. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC. 2003. Available at: http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_500v5.pdf

Federal Highway Administration, "Road Safety Audits" website. Available at https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safety/data-analysis-tools/systemic/road-safety-audits-rsa

Federal Highway Administration, *Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices*(Washington, DC: 2009). Available at http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/

Federal Highway Administration, "Vegetation Control for Safety: A Guide for Local Highway and Street Maintenance Personnel" FHWA-SA-07-018 https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/sites/fhwa.dot.gov/files/2022-06/vegetationfv1108.pdf

McNinch, T.L. and Colling, T.K., "Traffic Safety Education for Nonengineers." U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, pp. 32-38, Public Roads, May/June 2009. Available at https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/09june/05.cfm

Resources Related to Program Development and Coordination

Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP)

The web page below summarizes the roles and functions of the LTAP program and provides links, by State, for local points of contact who may help identify data, resources, and offer assistance. http://www.ltapt2.org/nltapa

Strategic Highway Safety Plans (SHSP)

Each State is required to develop an SHSP to promote best practices and strategies that are designed to have a substantial impact on reducing fatal and injury crashes. There is no central site for all State plans; to review your State's plan, you will need to search using your State and "strategic highway safety plan" as search terms in order to access and review your State's plan. The FHWA has resources available to help States' in their development and implementation efforts. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safety/legislative-safety-programs/shsp

Resources Related to Data Analysis and Evaluation

Federal Highway Administration, "Highway Safety Facts and Statistics" website. Available at https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safety/about-safety/facts-statistics

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Center for Statistics and Analysis, *Fatality Analysis Reporting System* (FARS). Available at http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/Main/index.aspx

Green, E.R. and Agent, K.R., *Crash Rates at Intersections*, University of Kentucky College of Engineering, Kentucky Transportation Center. Research Report KTC-03-21/SPR258-03-2I (2003). Available at http://www.ktc.uky.edu/Reports/KTC_03_21_SPR258_03_2I.pdf

Gross, F. and Yunk, K. U.S. "Using CRFs to Improve Highway Safety." Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, *Public Roads*, May/June 2009, pp. 26-31. Available at https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/09june/04.cfm

Federal Highway Administration, "Issue Brief: Toolbox of Countermeasures and Their Potential Effectiveness for Intersection Crashes." (Washington, DC: 2009). Available at https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/49967

Federal Highway Administration, "Desktop Reference for Crash Reduction Factors." (Washington, DC: 2007). Available at http://www.ite.org/safety/issuebriefs/Desktop%20Reference%20Complete.pdf

Federal Highway Administration, "Crash Reduction Factors" website. Available at https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safety/data-analysis-tools/rsdp

Federal Highway Administration, "Crash Modifications Factors Clearinghouse" website. Available at http://www.cmfclearinghouse.org/

Examples of State Programs and Initiatives

Federal Highway Administration, "Making the Case for Transportation Safety - Ideas for Decision Makers" (Washington, DC: 2008) Available at http://tsp.trb.org/assets/briefing%20book%20hi-res.pdf

Iowa Department of Transportation, "Crash Analysis." Available at http://www.intrans.iastate.edu/pubs/traffichandbook/5CrashAnalysis.pdf

Minnesota Department of Transportation and Minnesota Local Road Research Board, *Safety Impacts of Street Lighting at Isolated Rural Intersections*, 2004. Available at http://www.ctre.iastate.edu/reports/rural_lighting.pdf

Federal Highway Administration, Wyoming Technical Transfer Center, Kansas LTAP, "Field Guide for Unpaved Rural Roads." (2004) http://www.t2.unh.edu/pubs/field_guide.pdf



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  Book traversal links for Appendix A – Resources and References
      ‹ 6. Summary
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                    Appendix B – MUTCD Compliance Issues at Rural, Two-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections ›
                
                Book:Intersection Safety: A Manual for Local Rural Road Owners
              1. Introduction and Purpose
                2. Identifying Safety Issues
                3. Safety Analysis
                4. Countermeasures
                5. Evaluation
                6. Summary
                Appendix A – Resources and References
                Appendix B – MUTCD Compliance Issues at Rural, Two-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

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