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Resources: Industrial Materials

Coal Combustion Products |Construction &Demolition Materials |Foundry Sands |Pulp &

Paper Byproducts |Scrap Tires |Slags

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Coal Combustion Products

American Coal Ash Association (ACAA)

The ACAA is a not-for profit 501(c)(6) organization that promotes the beneficial use of

coal combustion products (CCPs).

Coal Combustion Products Basics (PDF) (14 pp, 963K)

Presentation by David Goss, ACAA, to EPA January 23, 2007, provides information on the

production of CCPs and their recycling and beneficial use applications.

Coal Ash Research Center at the University of North Dakota (UND) Energy &

Environmental Research Center (EERC)

The Coal Ash Research Center is dedicated to improving the technical and economic

aspects of coal ash by-product management. Their website provides educational and

technical resources for utilizing coal combustion products, such as state environmental

and transportation regulations and the Buyer’s Guide to Coal Ash Containing Products.

Combustion Byproducts Recycling Consortium (CBRC)

The CBRC is a program that supports and promotes the commercially viable and

environmentally sound recycling of coal combustion byproducts.

American Coal Ash Association’s Compilation of Regulations, Standards,

Guidelines, Websites and Other Resources Pertinent to Coal Combustion

Products (PDF) (53 pp, 52K)

FGDProducts.org

An online resource providing technical and environmental information about the use of

flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGD), a coal combustion product from coal-fired power

plants.

US Department of Energy Coal Utilization Byproducts (CUB) Homepages

DOE’s Coal Utilization Byproduct Program website includes information on their CUB

utilization and environmental research projects. The Coal Utilization Byproduct Research

Wastes - Resource Conservation - Industrial

Materials Recycling

http://www3.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/imr/indust.htm#coal

Last updated on Thursday, February 19, 2015

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website contains a list of research and development projects funded by DOE addressing

coal, petroleum, and natural gas topics. Both these websites provide information on DOE’s

efforts to ensure that as the electric power industry continues to adopt cleaner and more

advanced coal technologies, the recycling of coal combustion byproducts in beneficial

applications can continue and expand.

• Coal Utilization Byproduct Program

• Coal Utilization Byproduct Research

• National Technology Laboratory Database of State Regulations Affecting Disposal

and Utilization of Coal Combustion By-Products Contains summary information on

current regulations in each state, drawn from the American Coal Ash Association’s

biannual report State Solid Waste Regulations Governing the Use of Coal

Combustion Byproducts.

Review of Pennsylvania Regulations, Standards, and Practices Related to the Use

of Coal Combustion Products. Final Report, August 2005 (PDF) (65pp, 297K) –scroll

down to page 44

Review of Florida Regulations, Standards, and Practices Related to the Use of

Coal Combustion Products. Final Report, April 2006 (PDF) (73 pp, 1.4MB)

Review of Texas Regulations, Standards, and Practices Related to the Use of

Coal Combustion Products. Final Report, January 2005 (PDF) (60 pp, 979K)

Engineering and Environmental Specifications of State Agencies for Utilization

and Disposal of Coal Combustion Products

•Volume 1 –DOT Specifications 2005-EERC-07-04 (PDF) (62 pp, 216K)

•Volume 2 –Environmental Regulations 2005-EERC-07-05(PDF) (65pp, 297K)

The EERC developed two reports presenting state transportation and environmental

regulations governing the use of coal combustion products. Volume 1 presents a state by

state comparison of US Department of Transportation specifications. Volume 2 presents a

comparison of state environmental laws and regulations authorizing beneficial reuse of

coal combustion by-products.

Electric Power Research Institute Project 49.001 Characterization of Coal

Combustion Products (CCP)

This project provides laboratory and field information on CCP characteristics, including

their chemical composition and leaching characteristics. Current research focuses on

changes to CCP characteristics as a result of new air emission control technologies,

laboratory leaching methods and leaching models, and characterization of field leachates.

EPRI has developed a large database on CCP characteristics, and additional data will be

developed as new control technologies evolve.

US Geological Survey (USGS) Energy Resources Program (ERP)

The Energy Resources Program of the US Geological Survey provides information from

impartial, comprehensive research investigations of geologic energy resources, including:

petroleum (oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids), coal, gas hydrates, geothermal

resources, oil shale, oil sands, uranium, and heavy oil and natural bitumen. Specifically

for coal, ERP promotes and supports coal research to improve the understanding of the

nation’s coal resources. Their main focus on coal is to support investigations into current

issues pertaining to coal production, beneficiation and conversion, and the environmental

impacts of the coal combustion process and coal combustion products.

• US Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3128: Energy Resources Program

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•Fly Ash: From Cradle to Grave A USGS report consisting of a tutorial given on June

10, 2007at the 32nd International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization &Fuel

Systems, The Power of Coal, Clearwater Coal Conference in Clearwater, Florida,

USA. This tutorial covers USGS’ approach to their coal quality and coal combustion

products studies.

• Characterization and Modes of Occurrence of Elements in Feed Coal and Coal

Combustion Products from a Power Plant Utilizing Low-Sulfur Coal from the

Powder River Basin, Wyoming

• US Geological Survey Fact Sheet 0038-02: Characterization and Modes of

Occurrence of Elements in Feed Coal and Fly Ash—An Integrated Approach

Headwaters Resources is a marketer and supplier of coal combustion products, such as

fly ash. The Resource Library section on their website provides general and technical

information, including case studies and technical bulletins on utilizing coal combustion

products.

Construction & Demolition (C&D) Materials

EPA’s C&D Materials Homepage

Provides information on C&D recycling, including case studies, tools, and links to

additional resources.

RCRA in Focus: Construction, Demolition, and Renovation (PDF) (24 pp, 1.4MB)

Contains frequently asked questions about RCRA, addresses special issues in C&D

materials, hazardous waste requirements checklist, and how to reduce the amount of

waste you generate. Also provides a summary of other environmental laws affecting the

construction industry.

Construction Materials Recycling Association (CMRA)

The CMRA is a 501(c)(3) organization that promotes the recycling of construction and

demolition materials.

Construction &Demolition Materials (PDF) (23 pp, 1.8MB)

Presentation by William Turley, CMRA, to EPA January 23, 2007.

California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle)

C&D Recycling Tools for Contractor, Local Governments, and Processors.

WasteCap Wisconsin

WasteCap Wisconsin, Inc. is a statewide, nonprofit, industry supported 501(c)(3)

organization that provides waste reduction and recycling assistance to businesses.

WasteCap assists and encourages companies to effectively drive costs out of their

operations through improved solid waste management practices. Contains tools and

resources for C&D recycling.

Construction Industry Compliance Assistance Center

Contains a C&D materials State Resource Locator, where contractors can find state and

municipal recycling programs.

ShingleRecycling.org

Provides comprehensive information on asphalt shingle recycling, including state

experience, markets, environmental regulations, worker health and safety, and links to

additional resources.

National Demolition Association (NDA)

The NDA is a non-profit trade organization that promotes recycling and reducing the

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volume of demolition debris being landfilled. The goals of their Environmental Committee

include: monitoring and reporting on American and Canadian recycling, salvage, scrap

and de-construction trends;monitoring regulations and laws governing the movement of

and recycling of demolition debris waste stream in the US;and researching new or

potential markets for the recycled products from demolition debris.

Associated General Contractors of America (AGC)

AGC is a national trade association representing companies in the commercial

construction industry for both public and private entities including building, heavy,

highway, and municipal projects. The “Environment”section of their website provides

information on key environmental issues, including C&D recycling that impact the

construction industry.

Concrete

ConcreteRecycling.org developed by the Construction Materials Recycling

Association, is an online resource tool that provides information about concrete recycling.

Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA)-Treated Wood

CCAResearch.org developed and funded by the Florida Department of

Environmental Protection, the National Science Foundation and the Bill Hinkley Center for

Solid and Hazardous Waste Management, this website provides research information on

CCA-treated wood.

Recycled Asphalt Pavement

The Asphalt Recycling and Reclaiming Association (ARRA) is a non-profit

organization that promotes asphalt recycling and reclamation. Their website includes

presentations and papers on asphalt recycling techniques, and preview chapters for The

Basic Asphalt Recycling Manual.

Asphalt Contractor

Asphalt Contractor is an online magazine dedicated to asphalt producers and

contractors. The magazine provides hot mix asphalt material producers, highway

contractors and public works officials with critical “how-to”information on the process of

HMA production, paving, and compaction.

Cold-In Place Recycling Review

A technical review conducted by the Federal Highway Administration to identify best

practices and the most advanced uses of Cold-In-Place recycling.

Cold In-Place Recycling: Performance-Based Design

The University of New Hampshire, in conjunction with the University of Rhode Island,

conducted research to develop a performance-based mix design (PDF) (194 pp, 7.9MB) for

cold-in place recycling for use by State Highway Administrations and local governments.

The research was funded by the FHWA.

Pavement Recycling Guidelines for State and Local Governments, FHWA-SA-98-042,

December 1997

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This resources document (PDF) (301 pp, 123MB) (Note: very large file –may take time to

download) includes the following information on recycling asphalt pavements:

performance data, legislation/specification limits, selection of pavement for recycling and

recycling strategies, economics of recycling, and the structural design of recycled

pavements. This resources document funded by the Federal Highway Administration was

developed to support the following workshop “Pavement Recycling Guidelines for State

and Local Governments”which was held in twelve locations throughout the United States.

Pavement Recycling Executive Summary and Report

A report published by the Federal Highway Administration (PDF) (124 pp, 8.0MB) documents

a study conducted between 1992 and 1996 to assess the state-of-the-practice of recycled

hot mix construction.

Foundry Sands

EPA’s Foundry Sand Homepage

Tools, case studies, and other information about the recycling and beneficial use of

foundry sand.

AFS First

FIRST provides educational and technical resources for the recycling and beneficial use of

foundry byproducts.

Market Development Opportunities for Foundry Sands and Slags (PDF) (23 pp,

1.2MB)

Presentation by Elizabeth Olenbush, FIRST, to EPA January 23, 2007.

American Foundry Society

The leading US based metalcasting society that assists member companies and

individuals to effectively manage all production operations, profitably market their

products and services, and to equitably manage their employees.

US EPA Sector Strategies Program: Metalcasting

EPA Sector Strategies Program achieves performance improvement and burden reduction

in 13 sectors, including metalcasting, by addressing issues and challenges in a

collaborative setting. Working collaboratively with stakeholders interested in the

metalcasting sector, the Sector Strategies Program developed the “State Toolkit for

Developing Beneficial Reuse Programs for Foundry Sand”and “Beneficial Reuse of

Foundry Sand: A Review of State Practices and Regulations”documents.

Sector Strategies Metalcasting Homepage provides links and information related to

the metalcasting sector including foundry sand reuse.

Beneficial Reuse of Foundry Sand Homepage provides information on the beneficial

use of foundry sand and foundry sand documents published by the Sector Strategies

Program:

• State Toolkit for Developing Beneficial Reuse Programs for Foundry Sands (PDF)

(64 pp, 2.2MB) Developed in partnership with the Association of Territorial Solid

Waste Management Officials (ATSWMO) as an assistance tool for states, the guide

is designed to address state program barriers and to help states initiate or revise

their beneficial reuse programs in a way that increases safe beneficial reuse of

foundry sand. The Toolkit provides program options and real-life examples of a

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variety of approaches used in states to efficiently conduct beneficial reuse

determinations

• Beneficial Reuse of Foundry Sand: A Review of State Practices and Regulations

(PDF) (39 pp, 293K) This guide provides an overview of each state’s regulations

(current as of 2002) for beneficial reuse of foundry sand.

The Foundry Industry...Recycling Yesterday, Today & Tomorrow

An American Foundry Society Brochure (PDF) (2 pp, 1.7MB) on the industry’s

efforts to recycle at all phases of the metalcasting process.

Pulp and Paper Byproducts

National Council for Air and Stream Improvement Inc. (NCASI)

NCASI is an independent, non-profit research institute that focuses on environmental

topics of interest to the forest products industry.

Management of Byproduct Solids Generated in the Pulp and Paper Industry

(PDF) (18 pp, 794K)

Presentation by William Thacker, NCASI, to EPA January 23, 2007.

Compilation of Alternative Landfill Cover Experience Using Wastewater

Treatment Plant Residuals: NCASI Technical Bulletin No. 900, May 2005 (69 pp,

8.6MB)

A report containing information on the use of paper industry wastewater treatment

residuals as hydraulic barrier material in landfill covers. This was developed by the NCASI

Northern Regional Center and partially funded by a US EPA Region 5 Beneficial Use

Demonstration grant.

Scrap Tires

EPA’s Scrap Tire Recycling Homepage

Tools, information and case studies.

Rubber Manufacturers Association (RMA)

RMA is the national trade association for the elastomer products industry. Its members

include companies that manufacture various elastomer products, including tires, hoses,

belts, seals, molded and extruded goods, and other finished elastomer products.

Beneficial Use of Tire Shreds in Civil Engineering Applications (PDF) (24 pp, 1.2MB)

Presentation by Mike Blumenthal, RMA, to EPA, January 23, 2007.

Slags

National Slag Association (NSA)

The NSA is a non-profit organization that promotes the beneficial use of blast furnace and

steel furnace slags. Their website contains information on educational and technical

resources for recycling slags.

Iron and Steel Slag: The Ultimate Renewable Resource (PDF) (17 pp, 763K)

Presentation by Terry Wagaman, NSA, to EPA, January 23, 2007.

Slag Cement Association (SCA)

The SCA is an organization that promotes the recycling of slag cement also known as

ground granulated blast furnace slag in cement and concrete applications. Their website

provides information on education and technical resources, including specifications,

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products and applications, and highlights of innovative projects that have used slag

cement.

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