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                        FHWA Lighting Handbook August 2012


            
            In This Section
        Other Safety Areas
                Road Diets
                Lighting and Visibility
                                Overview
                Sign Retroreflectivity
                Pavement Markings
                Roadway Lighting
                Focused Approach to Safety
                Motorcyclist Safety
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                                Overview
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                References
FHWA, European Road Lighting Technologies, Report No. FHWA-PL-01-034, Washington, DC, 2001
	FHWA, 1996 Annual Report on Highway Safety improvement Programs. Report No. FHWA-SA-96-040. Washington, DC: USDOT, FHWA, 1996
	FHWA, Signalized Intersections: Informational Guide. Report No. FHWA-HRT-04-091 Washington, DC, 2004
	ELVIK, R. and T. VAA, Handbook of Road Safety Measures, Oxford, United Kingdom, 2004
	WANVIK, Road Lighting and Traffic Safety, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2009
	LIPINSKI, M.E. and R.H. WORTMAN. "Effect of Illumination on Rural At-Grade Intersection Crashes." Report 611. Transportation Research Record, 1976. pp 25-27.
	ROBERTS, S.E. and F.W. WALKER. "Influence of Lighting on Accident Frequency at Highway Intersections." Report 562. Transportation Research Record, 1976, pp 73-77.
	ISEBRANDS, H. et al, Safety Impacts of Street Lighting at Isolated Rural Intersections, Minnesota Department of Transportation, Part II, MN/RC-2006-35, September 2006
	FHWA, Highway Design Handbook for Older Drivers and Pedestrians, Report No. FHWA-RD-01-103, Washington, DC, 2001
	FHWA, Railroad-Highway Grade Crossing Handbook, Report No. FHWA-SA-07-010, Washington, DC, 2007
	1FHWA, Informational Report on Lighting Design for Midblock Crosswalks, Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-08-053, April 2008
	ADRIAN, W. Visibility of Targets: Model for Calculation. Lighting Research and Technology, 21(4), 180-188, 1989
	BLACKWELL, H. 1946. Contrast threshold of the human eye. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 36(11), 624-643.
	AASHTO, A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, 6th Ed., second printing, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, 2011
	REA, M. et al, A Proposed Unified System of Photometry, Lighting Research and Technology, Vol. 36 No. 2 85-109, June 2004
	Preston, H. and T. Schoenecker. Safety Impacts of Street Lighting at Isolated Rural Intersections. Final Report MN/RC-1999-17. Minnesota Department of Transportation, April 1999.
	BARTCH, C. et al, Evidence for Modulation of Melatonin Secretion in Men with Benign and Malignant Tumors of the Prostate: Relationship with the Pituitary Hormones, J. Pineal Res. 2:121-132, 1985
	FIGUEIRO, M., REA, M., and BULLOUGH, J. Does Architectural Lighting Contribute to Breast Cancer, Journal of Carcinogenesis, 5:20, August 2006
	FHWA, Guidelines and Recommendations to Accommodate Older Driver and Pedestrians, FHWA-RD-01-051, Washington, DC. 2001
	BRONS, JA et al, Outdoor site-lighting performance: A comprehensive and quantitative framework for assessing light pollution, Lighting Res. Technol, 40: 201-224, 2008
	AASHTO, Roadside Design Guide, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, 4th Edition, 2011
	GREEN, M. Methodological Analysis of Driver Perception-Brake Times Transportation Human Factors, 2, pp 195-216, 2000
	GREEN, M, et al Forensic Vision with Application to Highway Safety, 3rd edition, June 2008
	HASSON, P, et al, Trees, Lighting, and Safety in Context-Sensitive Solutions, Transportation Research Board, Issue 2120, pp 101-111, 2009
	AASHTO, Highway Safety Manual, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, 2010
	AASHTO, Roadway Lighting Design Guide, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, 2005
	TAC, Guide for the Design of Roadway Lighting, Transportation Association of Canada Volume 1 – Fundamentals and Volume 2 – Design January 2006
	ANSI/IES, American National Standard Practice for Roadway Lighting, Illuminating Engineering Society, RP-8-00 (reaffirmed in 2005)
	ANSI/IES American National Standard Practice for Roadway and Street Lighting, Illuminating Engineering Society, RP-8-10 (document in draft form, not yet approved by the IES)
	NCHRP, Warrants for Highway Lighting, National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 152, 1974
	NCHRP Roundabouts: An Informational Guide – Second Edition, Report No. 672, Washington, DC, 2000
      
  Book traversal links for References
      ‹ 9 Summary
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                    Glossary of Terms ›
                
                Book:FHWA Lighting Handbook August 2012
              Policy and Guidance
                2 Federal Guidance and Recommendations Regarding Roadway Lighting
                Basic Terms and Concepts Related to Roadway Lighting
                3 Vision and Fundamental Concepts
                Warranting Criteria
                4 Analysis for Lighting Needs
                5 Considerations Concerning Lighting Systems
                6 Lighting System Selection
                Lighting Application Considerations
                7 Lighting Application
                Other Systems and Issues Related to Roadway Lighting
                8 Related Roadway Systems
                9 Summary
                References
                Glossary of Terms U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

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