Studies of Halictinae

(Apoidea: Halictidae),

I: Revision of New World

Lasioglossum Curtis

RONALD J. McGINLEY

m

wtu.

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 429
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SMITHSONIA N CONTRIBUTION S T O ZOOLOG Y • NUMBE R 42 9

Studies of Halictinae

(Apoidea: Halictidae),

I: Revision of New World

Lasioglossum Curtis

Ronald J. McGinley

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

City of Washington

1986
ABSTRACT

McGinley, Ronald J. Studies of Halictinae (Apoidea: Halictidae), I: Revision

of New World Lasioglossum Curtis. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 429, 294 pages, 746 figures, 4 tables, 1986.—The New World species

of Lasioglossum (sensu stricto) are revised, based on a study of approximately

25,000 specimens. Fifty-one species are recognized, with 20 described as

new. All species are fully described and diagnosed. Flight records are summarized with histogram plots, distributions indicated by dot maps, and

illustrated keys provided for species identification. Floral association data are

summarized (5348 records) and compared to similar data for California

Bombini. The association of Lasioglossum species with phoretic histiostomatid

and scuticarid mites is reviewed and infestation levels for involved species

presented. A preliminary study of the phylogenetic interrelationships of

included species is presented, which includes a character matrix intended to

facilitate future cladistic efforts.

The new species are L. acarophilum, L. acuminatum, L. anhypops, L. argutum,

L. asaphes, L. bajaense, L. cercothrix, L. channelense, L. eickworti, L. katyae, L.

lampronotum, L. orphnaeum, L. paraforbesii, L. parkeri, L. perscabrum, L.

rupticristum, L. sandrae, L. timberlakei, L. tropidonotum, and L. xyriotropis.

Lasioglossum egregium (Vachal) is elevated from junior synonymy, and the

following names relegated to synonymy: Halictus supercretus Cockerell under

L. circinatum (Vachal); H. ripariellus Cockerell under L. colatum (Vachal); H.

matensis Friese under L. costale (Vachal); H. sericeus Friese under L. crocoturum

(Vachal); H. cyaneiceps Cockerell under L. desertum (Smith); H. olympiae

subangustus Cockerell under L. sisymbrii (Cockerell). A neotype is designated

for H. trizonatus Cresson and lectotypes designated for H. costalis Vachal, H.

matensis Friese, H. crocoturus Vachal, H. desertus Smith, H. fuscipennis Smith,

H. manitouellus Cockerell, H. pacificus Cockerell, and H. sisymbrii Cockerell.

Halictus schenckii is treated as a nomen dubium.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is

recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral

Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

McGinley, Ronald J.

Studies of Halictinae (Apoidea: Halictidae), I.

(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 429)

Bibliography: p.

Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.27:429

I. Lasioglossum—Classification. 2. Insects—Classification. 3. Insects—America—Classification. I. Title. II. Series.

QL1.S54 no. 429 [QL568.H3] 591s [595.79'9] 85-600206
Contents

Page

Introduction 1

Historical Account 2

Biology 2

Acknowledgments 3

Materials and Methods 5

Discussion of Characters 7

Phylogeny 12

Floral Associations 19

Mite Associations 23

Lasioglossum Curtis 25

Diagnosis 25

Description 27

Key to Females North of the Mexican Border 30

Key to Females South of the Mexican Border 41

Key to Males North of the Mexican Border 48

Key to Males South of the Mexican Border 56

1. Lasioglossum acarophilum, new species 60

2. Lasioglossum aequatum (Vachal) 65

3. Lasioglossum argutum, new species 67

4. Lasioglossum asaphes, new species 72

5. Lasioglossum athabascense (Sandhouse) 77

6. Lasioglossum bajaense, new species 82

7. Lasioglossum bardum (Cresson) 84

8. Lasioglossum cercothrix, new species 88

9. Lasioglossum channelense, new species 92

10. Lasioglossum circinatum (Vachal) 97

11. Lasioglossum citerius (Vachal) 100

12. Lasioglossum colatum (Vachal), new combination 102

13. Lasioglossum coriaceum (Smith) 107

14. Lasioglossum costale (Vachal) 113

15. Lasioglossum crocoturum (Vachal), new combination 118

16. Lasioglossum desertum (Smith) 121

17. Lasioglossum eickworti, new species 128

The forbesii Group 133

18. Lasioglossum acuminatum, new species 135

19. Lasioglossum forbesii (Robertson) 141

20. Lasioglossum paraforbesii, new species 145

21. Lasioglossum fuscipenne (Smith) 150

22. Lasioglossum heterorhinum (Cockerell) 157

23. Lasioglossum jubatum (Vachal) 163

iii
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

24. Lasioglossum katyae, new species 168

25. Lasioglossum lampronotum, new species 170

26. Lasioglossum leucozonium (Schrank) 173

27. Lasioglossum manitouellum (Cockerell) 178

28. Lasioglossum morrilli (Cockerell) 183

29. Lasioglossum olympiae (Cockerell) 189

30. Lasioglossum orphnaeum, new species 194

31. Lasioglossum pacificum (Cockerell) 197

32. Lasioglossum pallicorne (Vachal) 203

33. Lasioglossum parkeri, new species 208

34. Lasioglossum pavonotum (Cockerell) 209

35. Lasioglossum perscabrum, new species 214

36. Lasioglossum pharum (Vachal) 215

37. Lasioglossum rupticristum, new species 218

38. Lasioglossum sandrae, new species 220

39. Lasioglossum sisymbrii (Cockerell) 222

40. Lasioglossum timberlakei, new species 228

41. Lasioglossum titusi (Crawford) 234

42. Lasioglossum transvorsum (Vachal) 240

43. Lasioglossum tricnicos (Vachal) 244

The trizonatum Group 249

44. Lasioglossum anhypops, new species 252

45. Lasioglossum egregium (Vachal), new combination 258

46. Lasioglossum mellipes (Crawford) 262

47. Lasioglossum trizonatum (Cresson) 267

48. Lasioglossum tropidonotum, new species 272

49. Lasioglossum uyacicola (Cockerell) 275

50. Lasioglossum xyriotropis, new species 278

51. Lasioglossum zonulum (Smith) 280

Appendix 1: Lasioglossum Character Matrix 287

Appendix 2: Identification of Figures in Keys 289

Literature Cited 291
Studies of Halictinae

(Apoidea: Halictidae),

I: Revision of New World

Lasioglossum Curtis
VI SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

10m

FIGURE 1.—Lasioglossum crocoturum (Vachal), female. (Drawn by Elaine R.S. Hodges, Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution.)
Studies of Halictinae

(Apoidea: Halictidae),

I: Revision of New World

Lasioglossum Curtis

Ronald J. McGinley

Introduction

Halictine bees have attracted increased attention during the past 25 years because of growing

interest in social biology and its evolution. The

included species display a wide variety of nesting

biologies, ranging from those where individuals

are strictly solitary to those that form complex,

primitively eusocial colonies (Michener, 1974).

Furthermore, the nests of many species can be

maintained and manipulated under laboratory

conditions. However, while biological information for the group has dramatically increased,

our understanding of halictine taxonomy has

lagged behind, with the notable exceptions of

Eickwort's (1969a) generic study of the Augochlorini, Michener's (1978) classification of nonparasitic genera with strong venation, Ordway's

(1966) review of Augochlorella, Robert's (1972)

review of Agapostemon, and Ebmer's extensive

work on Old World halictids. In a series of papers, Ebmer has reviewed the halictine faunas of

central Europe (1970, 1972a,b, 1974c, 1975,

1976b), Iberia (1979), Morocco (1976a), Crete

(1981), Israel (1974b), Afghanistan (1974a), Iran

Ronald J. McGinley, Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington,

DC 20560.

(1978a), and Asia (1980, 1983), including Korea

(1978b), Manchuria (1978c), and Mongolia

(1982). To date, the dominant halictine genera

of the Nearctic Region, Dialictus, Evylaeus,

Lasioglossum (sensu stricto), and the cleptoparasitic Sphecodes, have never been comprehensively

reviewed. Eickwort is currently revising the

Nearctic species of Dialictus (188 specific names

listed for north of the Mexican border, Hurd,

1979).

The purpose of the present paper is to review

and stabilize the taxonomy of the New World

Lasioglossum. It is hoped that this work will provide outgroup information that will facilitate future taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of Evylaeus and Dialictus, both of which include numerous social species. Although phylogenetic

analyses of morphological characters will be important in the study of halictine comparative

behavior, phylogenetic considerations are herein

only preliminary in scope; this is for two reasons:

the outgroup structure of genera related to

Lasioglossum is poorly understood, with a number

of these genera being undoubtedly artificial as

discussed below; second, I have not yet studied

the many Old World species of this Holarctic

group.

In the New WTorld, Lasioglossum ranges from

1
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

the Northwest Territories in Canada (L. athabascence) to Panama (L. crocoturum, L. uyacicola).

Prior to the present work, 36 specific names were

recognized for Lasioglossum in this area. Of these,

five are now relegated to junior synonymy, one

{Halictus schenckii) is treated as a nomen dubium,

and one (L. egregium) is elevated from junior

synonymy. With 20 new species recognized

herein (15 from Mexico and Central America)

the number of valid New World Lasioglossum

species now stands at 51. Ebmer's papers (cited

above) indicate that at least 80 specific and eight

subspecific Lasioglossum names are currently recognized from the Old World fauna.

HISTORICAL ACCOUNT.—Curtis (1833), recognizing the heterogeneity of the genus Halictus

Latreille, 1804, described the genus Lasioglossum

to contain a new species having basal hair bands

on the abdominal terga that contrasted with the

apical hair bands of other Halictus species known

to him. In his description of L. tricingulum, Curtis

mentions that the labium is "rather long lanceolate and very pubescent on the sides and at the

back . . . ," hence the name Lasioglossum or

"hairy-tongue." This is somewhat misleading in

that the glossae of Lasioglossum species are no

more hairy than those of other halictids. Subsequent workers ignored Curtis' generic differentiation and continued to describe new species

under the older, inclusive concept of Halictus. It

was not until 1902 that Robertson wrote, "the

so-called genus Halictus of authors seems to be

altogether too heterogenous. I restore Lasioglossum and propose two other new genera [Evylaeus

and Chloralictus]." His generic concepts were

based primarily on characters of the forewing, in

particular the strength or weakness of certain

cross-veins (1 r-m, 2 r-m). Later in 1918 Robertson further subdivided his already restricted concept of Lasioglossum by proposing the genus Curtisapis to include such forms as L. coriaceum and

L. fuscipenne, which are somewhat opaque compared to the relatively shiny L. leucozonium and

L. zonulum. Although this was followed by some

workers, including Cockerell, most bee taxonomists avoided this tendency to oversplit generic

concepts. Michener (1944) recognzied both

Lasioglossum and Halictus at the generic level but

relegated Evylaeus, Chloralictus, Dialictus, and related taxa to subgeneric status under Lasioglossum. Similar broad generic concepts are used by

virtually all Old World bee taxonomists. In recent years, beginning with Mitchell (1960) and

later formalized by Hurd (1979), there has been

a tendency among many workers in the United

States to utilize the more restricted generic

concepts of Robertson. Though I follow this

approach in dealing with Lasioglossum (sensu

stricto), it must be emphasized that the generic

limits are poorly understood at present and will

undoubtedly be revised in the future, as was

pointed out by Michener (1974:287). Because

most halictine groups have never been comprehensively reviewed, the focus of most current

halictine systematic work is alpha-taxonomic; I

plan to follow this phase with analyses of higher

categories.

BIOLOGY.—Very little information on the biology of New World Lasioglossum has been published. Most biological accounts deal with floral

associations (e.g., Graenicher (1909), Moldenke

and Neff (1974), and Robertson (1929)). Information on nesting biology of most New World

species is limited mostly to brief notes, as for L.

forbesii (Atwood, 1933), L. leucozonium (Knerer,

1969; Knerer and MacKay, 1969), and L. zonulum (Atwood, 1933; Knerer and Atwood, 1962).

Some information is also now available on Dufour's gland chemistry for L. coriaceum, L. fuscipenne, and L. leucozonium (Duffield et al., 1981;

Hefetzetal., 1978).

With his discussion of L. leucozonium from

Nova Scotia, Atwood (1933) provided the most

detailed account available on nesting biology for

a New World Lasioglossum. He provided a general description of nest sites, nest structure, and

burrow dimensions. All immature stages were

excavated but not described (to date, the immature stages of Lasioglossum have not been described). Even though most Lasioglossum species

are assumed to be solitary, Atwood made the

interesting observation that "in some cases two
NUMBER 429 3

females must co-operate in digging, because

more than one adult was occasionally seen in a

hole much earlier than the appearance of the

pupae in the cells." Communal behavior has also

been reported by Knerer and Schwarz (1976) for

L. bimaculatum (Dours) in the Mediterranean region. In the same paper, L. aegyptiellum (Strand)

was also reported to be primitively eusocial in

the same region. Obviously much more biological work is needed before the distribution of

sociality in the genus can be seriously addressed.

The biological associations of Lasioglossum

with other invertebrates account for much of the

biological literature on the genus. Like other

apoid groups, Lasioglossum species are commonly

taken as prey items by Philanthus wasps. This

association has been reported for L. coriaceum,

fuscipenne, leucozonium, manitouellum, and sisymbrii (Alcock and Gamboa, 1975; Evans, 1955,

1975, 1982; Evans and Lin, 1959; Reinhard,

1924). The Philanthus species involved are listed

in the Lasioglossum synonymies. The association

between Lasioglossum and phoretic mites has

been reported for L. coriaceum (Eickwort, 1979)

and L. titusi (Linsley and MacSwain, 1959; Whitsel and Schoeppner, 1971; Eickwort, 1979; Delfinado and Baker, 1976). This is reviewed for all

Lasioglossum species in a following section of this

paper. The only report of Lasioglossum parasitization is that of a conopid parasitoid (Thecophora

occidensis) associated with L. forbesii in southern

Ontario (Knerer and Atwood, 1967).

Linsley (1962) described the "sleeping" behavior of L. sisymbrii from southern Arizona. Females "sleep" individually on flower heads and

are tolerant of other hymenopteran species

"sleeping" nearby.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—This study would not

have been possible were it not for the cooperation of the many curators and institutions who

kindly lent specimens to me. I am especially

grateful to those curators who arranged the loan

of primary type material (these collections are

indicated with an asterisk in the following listing).

The acronyms used follow those of Griffiths

(1980) with minor modifications.

AMNH* American Museum of Natural History, New

York (J.G. Rozen, Jr., and M. Favreau)

ANSP* Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (D.

Otte and D. Azuma)

ASU Arizona State University, Tempe (F.F. Hasbrouck)

BMNH* British Museum (Natural History), London,

England (G.R. Else)

BYU Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah (S.L.

Wood)

CAS* California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco

(WJ. Pulawski)

CDA California Department of Agriculture, Sacramento (M.S. Wasbauer)

CMP Carnegie Museum, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania (G.

Ekis)

CNC Canadian National Collection, Ottawa (L. Masner and M. Sharkey)

CSUFC Colorado State University, Fort Collins (H.E.

Evans)

CU Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (G.C.

Eickwort)

FSCA Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville (L.A. Stange)

INHS Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana (W.E.

LaBerge)

ISU Iowa State University, Ames (R.E. Lewis)

KSU Kansas State University, Manhattan (H.D.

Blocker)

KU University of Kansas, Lawrence (CD. Michener and R.W. Brooks)

LACM Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, California (R.R. Snelling)

LGB personal collection of L.G. Bezark, Sacramento, California

LSU Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge (J.B.

Chapin)

MCPM Milwaukee City Public Museum, Wisconsin

(G.R. Noonan)

MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard

University, Cambridge, Massachusetts

MI personal collection of M. I vie, Columbus, Ohio

MNHNP* Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris,

France (S. Kelner-Pillault)

MSUEL Michigan State University, East Lansing (R.L.

Fischer)

NAU Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff (CD.

Johnson)

NCSU North Carolina State University, Raleigh (C.

Parron)

NDSU North Dakota State University, Fargo (E.U.

Balsbaugh.Jr.)

NMNH National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC (P.D.

Hurd, Jr., and S. Shanks)
4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

NMSU New Mexico State University, Las Cruces (J.R.

Zimmerman)

NMW* Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien (Vienna),

Austria (M. Fischer)

NYSM New York State Museum, Albany (T.L. McCabe)

OhS Ohio State University, Columbus (C.A. Triplehorn)

OkSU Oklahoma State University, Stillwater (W.A.

Drew)

OrS Oregon State University, Corvallis (W.P. Stephen and CM. Stonedahl)

PMNHY Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale

University, New Haven, Connecticut (C.L.

Remington and D.G. Furth)

PSU Pennsylvania State University, University Park

(K.C. Kim and V. Haas)

PUWL Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (A.

Provonsha)

ROM Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto (G.B. Wiggins)

RWB personal collection of R.W. Brooks, Lawrence,

Kansas

SDNHM San Diego Natural History Museum, California

(D.K. Faulkner)

TAM Texas A and M University, College Station,

Texas (S.J. Merritt)

TLG personal collection of T.L. Griswold, Logan,

Utah

TOR University of Toronto (G. Knerer and L.

Packer)

UAE University of Alberta, Edmonton (G.E. Ball

and D. Shpeley)

UAF University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (C. Carlton)

UAT University of Arizona, Tucson (F.G. Werner

and C.A. Olson)

UCB University of California, Berkeley (J.A. Chemsak, H.V. Daly, and K. Sorensen)

UCD R.M. Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis (R.W. Thorp and R.

Schuster)

UColB* University of Colorado, Boulder (U.N. Lanham)

UConS University of Connecticut, Storrs (J.A. Slater

andJ.E. O'Donnell)

UCR University of California, Riverside (S.I. Frommer)

UGa University of Georgia, Athens (Cecil L. Smith)

UIM University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho (J.B.Johnson)

UMA University of Massachusetts, Amherst (T.M.

Peters)

UMMZ University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology,

Ann Arbor (T.E. Moore and M.F. O'Brien)

UMaO University of Maine, Orono (E.A. Osgood)

UMC University of Missouri, Columbia (R. Blinn)

UMO* University Museum, Oxford, England (M.J.

Scoble and C. O'Toole)

UMSP University of Minnesota, St. Paul (P.J. Clausen)

UND University of North Dakota, Grand Forks (P.B.

Kannowski)

UNH University of New Hampshire, Durham (D.S.

Chandler)

UNL University of Nebraska, Lincoln (B.C. Ratcliffe)

UNR University of Nevada, Reno (R.W. Rust)

USNM * former United States National Museum, collections now deposited in the National Museum

of Natural History (NMNH), Smithsonian

Institution, Washington, DC(P.D. Hurd.Jr.,

and S. Shanks)

USU Utah State University, Logan (G.E. Bohart and

T.L. Griswold)

UWL University of Wyoming, Larainie (R.J. Lavigne)

UWM University of Wisconsin, Madison (S. Krauth)

VPI Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg (M.

Kosztarab)

WSU Washington State University, Pullman (W.J.

Turner and R.S. Zack)

ZMHU* Institut fur Spezielle Zoologie und Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt Universitat,

Berlin, Germany (F. Koch)

An attempt was made to augment the level of

illustrative materials included in this monographic effort. This would not have been possible

without the unique support provided by the

Smithsonian Institution and by the following

people whose help I greatly appreciate. S.G. Braden, W.R. Brown, and H. Wolf took the scanning

electron micrographs; W.D. Hope provided critical materials and advice on methods for mounting very small specimens on SEM stubs; K.

Ruetzler provided the use of his compound microscope to photograph the sternal plates; K.P.

Smith photographed the sterna and also provided translations of Vachal's papers; V.E.

Krantz photographed heads and wings and provided prints of all photographs utilized; H.H.

Aceto assisted in map production by photoreducing oversize base maps and acetate overlays. I would also like to thank D.C. Fisher and

B.J. Spann for encouraging the use of the illustrated keys and for their assistance in all matters
NUMBER 429

related to the final production of this paper.

Special thanks for artistic support go to E.R.S.

Hodges, who provided all of the excellent drawings included as well as general advice and support throughout the course of this study.

This project would have taken far longer to

complete were it not for the able assistance of S.

Shanks, who provided general technical help and

discussion. I also thank N.E. Woodley for general

discussions and comments and G.C. Steyskal for

help in forming Greek and Latin names and M.F.

Mickevich for invaluable help in the phylogenetic

analysis and running of the PHYSYS program.

Finally, I would like to express my thanks to

R.W. Thorp and G.C. Eickwort, who critically

reviewed and greatly improved the manuscript.

Eickwort encouraged this study from its inception and generously provided critical specimens

and information throughout.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This study was based on an examination of

approximately 25,000 specimens borrowed from

65 institutions and three personal collections.

Institutions, curators, curatorial associates, and

acronyms are listed in the Acknowledgments section. An estimate of the relative abundance of

the species examined can be obtained from the

checklist of New World Lasioglossum (Table 1).

Label data for all specimens were completely

recorded. This information is presented for type

material of all new species and for uncommon

species with fewer than 150 known specimens.

Label data for primary type material and paratypes are presented exactly as given, with bracketed annotations included to complete abbreviations or clarify ambiguous information (collection dates were not converted to the day-monthyear convention used elsewhere in this study, in

order to facilitate exact label identification). For

more common species, collector names and collection dates are deleted and only the county is

listed where five or more localities are known

within a given county. Flower records are presented in a separate section for each species,

following the format of Thorp et al. (1983). The

TABLE 1.—Checklist of New World Lasioglossum and

numbers of specimens examined.

Species

L. acarophilum, new species

L. acuminatum, new species

L. aequatum (Vachal)

L. anhypops, new species

L. argutum, new species

L. asaphes, new species

L. athabascense (Sandhouse)

L. bajaense, new species

L. bardum (Cresson)

L. cercothrix, new species

L. channelense, new species

L. circinatum (Vachal)

L. citerius (Vachal)

L. colatum (Vachal)

L. coriaceum (Smith)

L. costale (Vachal)

L. crocoturum (Vachal)

L. desertum (Smith)

L. egregium (Vachal)

L. eickworti, new species

L. forbesii (Robertson)

L. fuscipenne (Smith)

L. heterorhinum (Cockerell)

L. jubatum (Vachal)

L. katyae, new species

L. lampronotum, new species

L. leucozonium (Schrank)

L. manitouellum (Cockerell)

L. mellipes (Crawford)

L. morrilli (Cockerell)

L. olympiae (Cockerell)

L. orphnaeum, new species

L. pacificum (Cockerell)

L. pallicorne (Vachal)

L. paraforbesii, new species

L. parkeri, new species

L. pavonotum (Cockerell)

L. perscabrum, new species

L. pharum (Vachal)

L. rupticristum, new species

L. sandrae, new species

L. sisymbrii (Cockerell)

L. timberlakei, new species

L. titusi (Crawford)

L. transvorsum (Vachal)

L. tricnicos (Vachal)

L. trizonatum (Cresson)

L. tropidonotum, new species

L. uyacicola (Cockerell)

L. xyriotropis, new species

L. zonulum (Smith)

Total

79

462

3

875

149

67

361

3

111

20

295

38

1

277

2442

28

14

545

894

15

196

678

201

61

14

74

1740

299

650

64

857

8

663

50

1060

1

845

3

52

21

3

4940

266

1473

43

8

599

2

14

7

3255

Females

77

328

3

613

116

61

279

3

111

19

134

38

1

265

1786

22

9

129

686

11

147

331

182

49

14

64

709

248

549

54

800

7

541

16

949

1

619

3

52

21

3

3397

247

1315

38

5

472

1

13

7

1802

Males

2

134

-

262

S3

6

82

-

-

1

161

-

-

12

656

6

5

416

208

4

49

347

19

12

-

10

1031

51

101

10

57

1

122

34

111

-

226

-

-

-

-

1543

19

158

5

3

127

1

1

-

1453
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 2.—Faunal regions and abbreviations used in histogram plots of flight data (ME =

middle-eastern region, MEX = Mexico and Central America, NE = northeastern region, NW

= northwestern region, SE = southeastern region, SW = southwestern region; modified from

Tangelder, 1983; see "Materials and Methods").

work sheets containing complete label data, including the occurrence of phoretic mites and

presence of pollen loads, are available from the

author or from the Smithsonian Archives. All

specimens examined were individually labeled

with determination labels.

Flight-period data are summarized in histogram plots following the method of Tangelder

(1983), with slight modification. The plots present the number of specimens collected for halfmonth periods. Such diagrams often plot the

number of collections or lots (not specimens) for

a given time unit, which removes the variable of

differences in collecting intensity; however, this

approach will not be sensitive to differences in

species abundance through time. Given that both

approaches have drawbacks, I have chosen to

plot the number of specimens collected per unit

time. Following Tangelder, I have subdivided

the histograms into regional subplots as presented in Figure 2. Where the number of specimens collected for a given half-month period is

very small, the corresponding histogram bar is

sometimes plotted at a higher specimen number

in order to avoid confusion. For example, if only

two specimens were collected in a half-month

period, for a given scale it may only be possible

to differentiate between zero, five, and 10 specimens, in which case the lowest unit of five specimens (not two) is plotted.

Three different base maps were used to plot

species distributional data. For species occurring
NUMBER 429

in the United States and ranging into Mexico

and/or Central America, a Goode map of North

America was used (dot diameter equals approximately 75 miles). Mexican species were plotted

using a map prepared by Y.T. Sohn (NMNH

staff artist; dot diameter equals approximately

27 miles). For species occurring in the United

States and/or Canada a map prepared by E.R.S.

Hodges (NMNH staff artist) was used. This is a

composite map consisting of a United States map

prepared by the Bureau of the Census, U.S.

Department of Commerce, with the Canadian

provinces drawn in. Dots (diameter equals 50

miles) were applied to acetate overlays and the

maps then photographically reduced by a Horizontal D.S. Process Camera (Smithsonian American History Photo Lab).

All drawings were made with a Wild M5 stereomicroscope and camera lucida. Illustrations

were enlarged with a microprojector and then

made bilaterally symmetrical.

Photographs of male sterna VII-VIII were

taken with a Reichert Zetopan microscope and a

Kam ES semiautomatic camera. The material was

cleared in cold potassium hydroxide for approximately two hours and stained with acid fuschin

for one hour. Remaining tissue was removed

with fine dissecting needles and the sterna then

mounted in glycerin under a cover slide.

Scanning electron micrographs were taken

with a Cambridge 250. Specimens were coated

with gold palladium and most micrographs taken

at 10 keV. Specimens were cleaned with a fine

brush or by applying a fine coat of rubber cement

that was carefully removed after drying. Hairs

were removed with small pieces of Scotch® tape

held by fine forceps under a stereomicroscope.

Male genitalia prepared for the SEM were not

cleared with cold potassium hydroxide as were

most specimens, but rather cleaned with a fine

brush (some tissue in the gonobase was removed

with fine forceps and needles), processed in a

Samdri-790 critical-point dryer, and glued with

a polyvinyl acetate (PVA) mixture to the end of

a fine tungsten filament as in Figure 3. The same

mounting technique was used for the labra (Figure 4) and tibial spurs.

FIGURES 3, 4.—Mounting technique for SEM stubs: 3,

Lasioglossum male genitalia; 4, Lasioglossum female labra.

Appendix 2 contains identifications of figures

used in the keys.

The species description format generally follows that of Eickwort (1978), with the inclusion

of individual character numbers intended to facilitate character comparisons between species.

The descriptions are composite but were initially

based on single specimens of a Lasioglossum synoptic collection that will be maintained in the

NMNH collection for use by future workers.

After the initial single-specimen description was

completed, intraspecific character variation was

included after an examination of a series of specimens (usually 20 to 30 specimens were carefully

checked against the description). All measurements were taken using a Leitz stereomicroscope

with an ocular micrometer at 12.5 magnification.

DISCUSSION OF CHARACTERS

The intention of this section is to introduce

the new characters used in this study and hope-
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 5-8.—Measurements and terminology: 5, Lasioglossum fuscipenne male head showing

head length and width measurements; 6, L. manitouellum wing showing wing length measurement; 7, L. asaphes female labrum; 8, L. acarophilum male labrum.

fully to remove as many general terminological

ambiguities as possible. Only those characters

and terms requiring clarification are discussed

below (identifying character numbers are used

consistently throughout).

1. Body length: This measurement was preferably taken

from uncurled specimens; separate measurements of the

head, thorax, and abdomen were tallied for highly curled

bees.

2. Wing length: Total wing length can be precisely measured only for those specimens with unworn wing tips. Because of this, wing length measurements were taken from

the base of the arcuate basal vein (vein M) to the distal-most

extension of the third submarginal cell (vein 2 r-m; Figure

6).

3. Abdominal width: This measurement was taken at the

widest point of the abdomen near the apex of tergum II.

4. Head length/width ratio: Head length was measured

from the top of the vertex to the ventral margin of the

clypeus; head w idth was measured at the widest point of the

head across the compound eyes (Figure 5).

9. Clypeal projection below compound eyes: The portion

of the clypeus projecting below the ventral margin of the

compound eyes was reported by Eickwort (1978) for Mexalictus and varies considerably among Lasioglossum species.

Because of time considerations, only a rough estimate of this

projection is given, in that only one specimen for each species

was measured.
NUMBER 429

1

1 •• "I t

PI

I

|m

V

1

•

J•<[ PRONOTAL LATERAL

j

\ >

% * -<~"

«\ \ - ~-»

v V

• . • - ^

-'RIDGE

V

L 18

^ - -" - \ ^

•

k

+-.

V

-

1

' LATERAL SULCUS/"

^ \

" ^ LOWER»PORTION OF

% ^ ^ ^PRONOTAL RIDGE

^ % !• =

« i

I ' FIGURES 9-12.—Lasioglossum female pronota: 9, L. pal-

/ licorne; 10, L. egregium; 11, L. transvorsum; 12, L. pacifiW>' cum

-

FIGURE 13.—Female L. fuscipenne propodeum and terminology.
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
NUMBER 429 11

11. Clypeal sulcation: The clypeus of many Lasioglossum

species has a median longitudinal sulcation or groove. Although considerable intraspecific variation exists, the sulcation is clearly better defined in certain species and is especially developed in many Mexican forms. It is reported

herein for possible phylogenetic consideration in the future.

24-29. Labrum: Labral terminology follows that of

Eickwort (1969a:340). The females of most Lasioglossum

species have what are herein termed "distal lateral projectons" that vary considerably in size and shape (Figure 7).

Certain Lasioglossum males have a conspicuous depression

on each side of the labrum, herein referred to as a "basal

lateral depression" (Figure 8).

33, 34. Pronotal lateral ridge: The morphology of the

lateral pronotum, especially the complete or incomplete

nature of the pronotal lateral ridge, has been used extensively in the systematic studies of Andrena by W.E. LaBerge

(1964). Based on his suggestion to examine this feature in

Lasioglossum, I found this to be a most useful character for

species recognition. In a number of species the ridge is

complete as in L. pallicorne (Figure 9) and L. xyriotropis

(Figure 732), where the ridge is very sharply edged. Occasionally the ridge will superficially appear to be complete

but is actually microscopically interrupted as in L. transvorsum (Figure 11). The majority of Lasioglossum species have

the ridge distinctly interrupted by an oblique lateral sulcus

as in L. egregium (Figure 10). Usually the sulcus is very

narrow but can be conspicuously broad as in L. pacificum

(Figure 12). Where present, the lateral sulcus delimits a

"lower portion of the lateral ridge" that can be sharply edged

(Figure 10) to broadly rounded and inconspicuous (Figure

12).

40. Relative length of propodeal dorsal surface to scutellum

and metanotum: As stated above for the clypeal projection

(character 9), only an approximate estimate of relative propodeal length is given, because only one specimen for each

species was measured.

43. Propodeal triangle: Terminology associated with the

dorsal propodeal surface is presented in Figure 13, i.e.,

propodeal triangle, median V-shaped elevation and lateral

carina.

45. Tibial spur: Bees typically have two spurs at the

FIGURES 14-43.—Lasioglossum female inner tibial spurs: 14,

L. acarophilum; 15, L. acuminatum; 16, L. aequatum; 17, L.

anhypops; 18, L. argutum; 19, L. asaphes; 20, L. athabascense;

21, L. bajaense; 22, L. bardum; 23, L. cercothrix; 24, L.

channelense; 25, L. circinatum; 26, L. colatum; 27, L. coriaceum; 28, L. costale; 29, L. crocoturum; 30, L. desertum; 31,

L. egregium; 32, L. eickworti; 33, L. fuscipenne; 34, L. heterorhinum; 35, L. jubatum; 36, L. katyae; 37, L. lampronotum;

38, L. leucozonium; 39, L. manitouellum; 40, L. mellipes; 41,

L. morrilli; 42, L. olympiae; 43, L. orphnaeum.

apex of each hind tibia, the inner one of which is variously

branched or toothed in female halictines. Because this spur

is usually illustrated for the group, an SEM micrograph or a

drawing is provided for a representative of each species

(Figures 14-60; micrographs were combined into unified

plates to facilitate comparison of the subtle differences involved). However, a detailed analysis of intraspecific variation as presented by Eickwort and Fischer (1963) was not

attempted. It is hoped that gross patterns of variation in

spur morphology as documented in the included illustrations

will be of interest to future workers considering halictine

higher classification.

46. Lateral edge of second abdominal tergum: The shape

of the second tergal edge has apparently not been previously

utilized in halictine systematics. In most Lasioglossum species

this edge is gently sinuate as in L. mellipes (Figure 61);

however, the edge can be rounded as in L. titusi (Figure 62),

nearly straight as in L. egregium (Figure 63), or sharply

excavated as in L. coriaceum (Figure 64) (throughout this

paper, "tergum/sternum I" refers to those sclerites of the

first abdominal segment).

80. Acarinarium: The acarinarium (mite-containing

area) in most Lasioglossum species associated with phoretic

mites is a glabrous area surrounded by a conspicuous hair

fringe at the base of the first abdominal tergum (Figure 72).

The size and shape of the glabrous area and configuration

of fringe hairs varies considerably among involved species.

See "Mite Associations" section for further details.

82, 83. Male sternal vestiture: For most species only the

vestiture of sterna IV-V is described. Hair patterns are most

commonly described in terms of involving erect hair tufts

(Figure 212) or adpressed lateral hair lobes/fringes along

the posterior sternal edge (Figure 214). Many Lasioglossum

males have what is herein termed a "median rosette of erect

hairs" as in Figure 213.

84, 85. Male sterna VII-VIII: Sternum VII of all New

World Lasioglossum (and many other halictines) has a protruding medial area herein referred to as the "median process" (Figure 66). The median process of sternum VIII is

absent in many Lasioglossum species (Figure 567) but, where

present, varies considerably in size and form.

88. Retrorse membranous lobe: The conspicuous membranous lobes found on the ventral surface of most Lasioglossum male genitalia (Figure 65) have been refered to as

"retrorse lobes" by both Mitchell (1960) and Michener

(1978). These structures were also called "ventral flaps" by

Eickwort (1969b), who used them to characterize the Halictini (Eickwort, pers. comm., now prefers the terminology

of Mitchell and Michener).

Terminology related to surface sculpturing

follows Harris (1979); below, his definitions are

presented (in part) and appropriate figures in the

present paper cited.
12

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 44-60.—Lasioglossum female inner tibial spurs: 44, L. pacificum; 45, L. pallicorne; 46,

L. paraforbesii; 47, L. pavonotum; 48, L. perscabrum; 49, L. pharum; 50, L. rupticristum; 51, L.

sandrae; 52, L. sisymbrii; 53, L. timberlakei; 54, L. titusi; 55, L. transvorsum; 56, L. tricnicos; 57,

L. trizonatum; 58, L. tropidonotum; 59, L. uyacicola; 60, L. zonulutn.

Alveolate (Figure 107), "honeycombed"; here used for microscopically honeycombed surfaces that appear dull through

the light microscope.

Doubly-punctate (Figure 105), surface with punctures of two

distinct sizes.

Granulate, "covered with or made up of very small granules."

Granuloso-punctate (Figure 150), fine to coarse contiguous

punctation. giving surface a dull, granulate appearance.

Porcate (Figure 127), "with several parallel, longitudinal

ridges with deep, broad sulcations."

Reticulate (Figure 130), "superfically net-like or made up of

a network of lines."

Rugose, wrinkled.

Rugulose (Figure 292), minutely wrinkled.

Ruguloso-striolate (Figure 108), very fine longitudinal lines

that are also minutely but noticeably wrinkled.

Scabriculous (Figure 548), minutely scabrous.

Scabrous, "rough; irregularly and roughly rugose."

Striate (Figure 636), "marked with parallel, fine, longitudinal

impressed lines or furrows."

Striolate, "minutely or finely striate."

PHYLOGENY

The phylogeny of New World Lasioglossum

species is here treated only in a preliminary manner. This is because the group is holarctic and I

have not yet studied the many Old World species

that have been reviewed by A.W. Ebmer (see

Literature Cited section). Furthermore, we cur-
NUMBER 429 13

FIGURES 61-64.—Lateral edge of female tergum II: 61, L. mellipes; 62, L. titusi; 63, L. egregium;

64, L. coriaceum.

FIGURES 65, 66.—Male L. athabascense: 65, genitalia, ventral view; 66, sterna VII—VIII.

rently lack even gross estimates of halictine generic interrelationships, which makes character

polarity assessments based on outgroup analysis

difficult at best. An additional complication is

that some of the potential outgroups are certainly

paraphyletic and possibly even polyphyletic as

presently defined, e.g., Dialictus, Evylaeus. A rigorous study of Lasioglossum phylogeny and biogeography is planned after a monograph of New

World Evylaeus is completed. The present section

is intended to provide an introductory basis for

these future cladistic studies.

Of the 90 characters utilized for descriptive

purposes, only 48 could be confidently coded
14

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

//f / / / f * * *

.^ ,^

 v<^

-<3* ^ . ^ c^ & £• ^ .4? ^ ?

84: S.VII REDUCED

68: CLYPEUS DARK

86b: GONOBASE RIM

88: RETRORSE LOBE REDUCED

67

80a: ACARINARIUM

PRESENT

57a: MESOSCUTUM

GRANULOSOPUNCTATE

77a: SCOPAL HAIR

COLOR DIFFERENTIATED

85b,c: S.VIII SHORT, ROUNDED

10: MALE CLYPEUS FLAT

/ / .«r .<,-

• ^*

** ^ -•* y

ff •* 4? «?" **v

 o*

68

SfSffff

*- / .^

57a: MESOSCUTUM

GRANULOSOPUNCTATE

77a: SCOPAL HAIR COLOR

10) DIFFERENTIATED

80b: ACARINARIUM LARGE

85c: S VIII ELONGATE

FIGURES 67, 68.—Preliminary cladogram for New World Lasioglossum with known males

(see text for details).
NUMBER 429 15

of <F & o° o* 0

8 1 : PUBESCENT

TAIL

75: MESOSCUTAL HAIRS

DARK

77b: SCOPA DARK

80a: ACARINARIUM PRESENT

80b: ACARINARIUM LARGE

73: FRONTAL HAIRS SIMPLE

85b: S.VIII POINTED

89: RETRORSE LOBES POINTED

57b: MESOSCUTUM DOUBLY PUNCTATE

FIGURE 69.—Continuation of cladogram in Figure 67 (see text).

into unambiguous character states. Also, certain

details of punctuation and coloration were purposely ignored when intraspecific variability appeared to be great. The 48 characters having

potential value in phylogenetic studies are listed

below and discussed in relation to the cladogram

presented in Figures 67-69. This cladogram is

based on an analysis of 26 characters (indicated

below with an asterisk) that are associated with

what appear to be unique or near unique states

within the Halictinae and therefore confidently

polarized (apparent apomorphic character states

are presented in small capital letters). Because of

the great number of male characters involved,

species for which males are still unknown were

excluded from initial cladogram construction

(possible relationships of these species are discussed below).

The cladogram was constructed with the aid

of the PHYSYS program (copyright 1983 byJ.S.

Farris and M.F. Mickevich); a Wagner GroundPlan Analysis was performed and the branchswapping option utilized. In the following character listing, the first character number is that

which is utilized throughout the text; the second

number (in parentheses) corresponds to the associated matrix character number in Appendix

1.

1(1). Female body size: (1) small to moderate, under

9 mm; (2) conspicuously large, 9-12 mm. Among

New World species, the conspicuously large body

size is characteristic of L. eickworti, L. katyae, and

L. sandrae.

4(47). Female head: (1) elongate; (2) conspicuously

short. Head length varies considerably among species but may prove to be a difficult character to

code for phylogenetic studies. Long heads are

characteristic of nodes 2, 16, and 18; short heads

support nodes 3, 7, 10, 14.

*8(2). Female supraclypeal area: (1) moderately protuberant, rounded; (2) STRONGLY PROTUBERANT,
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

NARROWLY ROUNDED. The apomorphic state is

found only in L. eickworti, L. katyae and L. sandrae.

*10(3). Male clypeal surface: (1) rounded; (2) FLATTENED. The flattened and highly polished male

clypeal surface appears to be unique for most New

World Lasioglossum species and strongly supports

node 5. The clypeus of other male halictines is

rounded and dull or distinctly punctate.

24a(4). Distal process of male labrum: (1) absent or

weakly developed; (2) well developed.

24b(6). Distal process of male labrum: (1) at most, moderately projecting; (2) sharply projecting, needlelike.

26(6). Basal lateral depressions on male labrum: (1) absent; (2) present. These labral depressions are

widespread throughout the genus but are especially common among Mexican species. Among

species at node 12 the depressions are absent only

in L. transvorsum.

27(7). Distal keel of female labrum: (1) narrow to moderately broad; (2) conspicuously wide, spatulate.

The spatulate distal keel is found primarily among

Mexican species and supports nodes 16, 10 (excluding L. pallicorne). It is also possessed by L.

argutum and L. bajaense, a potential sister-species

relationship indicated by other characters.

28(8). Distal lateral projections of female labrum: (1)

present; (2) absent or greatly reduced. The reduction to near absence of the distal lateral projections

is characteristic of the species at node 3 and L.

fuscipenne and L. orphnaeum (it is also reduced in

L. aequatum, L. circinatum, L. tropidonotum, and L.

xyriotropis).

30(9). Male mandible: (1) short, obviously shorter than

distance to opposing clypeal angle; (2) subequal to

distance to opposing clypeal angle; (3) elongate,

obviously exceeding distance to opposing clypeal

angle. Extremely short mandibles are found

among node 3 species as well as L. pavonotum.

Conspicuously elongate mandibles are found

throughout the genus, including L. orphnaeum, L.

eickworti, and node 7 species.

32(10). Pronotal lateral angle: (1) obtuse, weakly projecting; (2) acute, sharply projecting. The sharply

projecting pronotal angle is found in L. eickworti,

L. katyae, and L. sandrae; L. orphnaeum and L.

perscabrum (a sister-species relationship also suggested by character 57c), as well as L. citerius and

L. zonulum.

33(11). Pronotal lateral ridge: (1) obviously interrupted

by lateral sulcus; (2) complete or only inconspicuously interrupted. This character varies greatly

among Lasioglossum species and within related potential outgroup genera. Among those species having a complete ridge are those at nodes 7 and 16;

L. orphnaeum and L. perscabrum; L. pallicorne and

L. parkeri.

34(12). Lower portion of pronotal lateral ridge: (1)

sharply edged; (2) broadly rounded, inconspicuous. The broadly rounded lower ridge is found

in all species below node 6. Among New World

species this condition is found elsewhere only in

L. citerius and L. colatum.

40(13). Dorsal propodeal surface: (1) longer than metanotum, subequal to scutellum in length; (2) conspicuously short, subequal to metanotum in

length, shorter than scutellum. The very short

propodeum is found in L. leucozonium and L. zonulum (node 2) and L. titusi.

*42(48). Dorsal propodeal surface: (1) rounded or truncated; (2) NARROWLY ROUNDED. The noticeably

elongate and narrowly rounded propodeal surface

is apparently unique to L. eickworti, L. katyae, and

L. sandrae.

44( 14). Lateral propodeal carinae: (1) weakly developed,

not reaching dorsal propodeal surface; (2) well

developed, reaching or very nearly reaching dorsal

surface. Well-developed lateral carinae are highly

correlated with a strongly sculptured propodeal

surface, character 63. Strong carinae are present

in all species below node 5 (excepting L. titusi,

where they are still moderately developed and

nearly reach the dorsal propodeal surface) as well

as L. aequatum, L. citerius, L. orphnaeum, and L.

perscabrum.

45(15). First major tooth of inner tibial spur: (1) at immediate base (distance from base subequal to

length of first tooth); (2) intermediate in distance

from spur base; (3) over one-third the length of

the spur from spur base. Among New World

Lasioglossum, the extreme basal positioning of the

first spur tooth is found only at node 3; future

study may show this to be an apomorphic condition. Also unusual is the extreme distal positioning

of the first tooth found in L. forbesii (sensu lato),

L. morrilli, L. desertum, L. coriaceum, L. fuscipenne,

L. argutum, and at node 7.

*57a(16). Mesoscutal punctation: (1) punctures distinct, at

least over posterior half; (2) GRANULOSO-PUNCTATE

THROUGHOUT. The highly granuloso-punctate

mesoscutum is found primarily among Mexican

species, that is, all species at nodes 11 and 12 as

well as L. pavonotum.

*57b(17). Mesoscutum: (1) not doubly-punctate; (2) DISTINCTLY DOUBLY-PUNCTATE. The doubly-punctate

mesoscutum is found in species at node 17 as well

as L. colatum, L. eickworti, L. timberlakei, and L.

titusi.
NUMBER 429 17

*57c(18). Anterior portion of mesoscutum: (1) non-scabriculose; (2) SCABRICULOSE. The scabriculose anterior niesoscutal edge is apparently unique to L.

orphnaeum and L. perscabrum. *77b(27).

*57d(19). Mesoscutal punctation: (1) fine; (2) moderately

coarse; (3) CONSPICUOUSLY COARSE. Most New

World species have fine mesoscutal punctation.

The punctation is moderately coarse in L. leucozonium and L. zonulum and unusually coarse in L. *80a(28).

aequatum, L. cercothrix, and L. citerius.

63(20). Dorsal propodeal surface: (1) ruguloso-striolate;

(2) striolate; (3) strongly striate or reticulate; (4)

smooth over posterior half. As mentioned above, *80b(29).

the strongly sculptured propodeum is correlated

with the strong development of lateral carinae.

The smooth propodeal surface is found among

species at node 17 as well as L. bajaense, L. circin- 80c(31).

atum, and L. pharum (all most likely form a natural

grouping). Elsewhere a smooth propodeum is

found in L. coriaceum, L. pallicorne, and L. parkeri.

*64(21). Posterior half of dorsal propodeal surface: (1)

dull, either alveolated or variously sculptured; (2)

POLISHED, SMOOTH AND SHINY. Among New World

species, the polished propodeal surface is found

only in L. argutum and L. bajaense. *81(30).

*68(22). Male clypeal maculation: (1) present; (2) ABSENT.

The clypeal maculation, usually present in male

halictines, is absent in species at node 3, L.

orphnaeum, L. pavonotum, and many specimens of

L. anhypops.

*71(23). Forewing membrane: (1) uniformly pigmented,

hyaline to lightly pigmented; (2) apex infuscated;

(3) ANTERIOR HALF ALONG COSTAL MARGIN INFUS- 83a(32).

CATED. The infuscated apex is found among several Mexican species, whereas the highly unusual 83b(33).

infuscated anterior margin is found in L. crocoturum, L. eickworti, L. katyae, L. sandrae, and L. 83c(34).

tricnicos.

*73(24). Frontal hairs below ocelli: (1) plumose, similar to

other facial hairs; (2) SIMPLE WITH RECURVED APICES. Simple, recurved frontal hairs are apparently

found only among species at node 18 as well as in *83d(35).

L. circinatum and L. pharum. This corroborates the

pattern suggested by character 63 (smooth propodeal surface).

*75(25). Mesoscutal hairs: (1) white to pale orange; (2)

BLACK. Dark mesoscutal hairs are found only *84(39).

among species at node 14 (including L. katyae and

L. sandrae) and L. citerius.

*77a(26). Color of tibial hairs: (1) uniformly pale; (2) DIFFERENTIATED, WITH DARK HAIRS ON DORSAL SUR- 85a(36).

FACE OR HAIRS ENTIRELY DARK. Differentiated scopal hair color is characteristic of Mexican species,

found among all species at node 11 and 12 (suggesting L. jubatum and L. pallicorne are misplaced

in the preliminary cladogram; also indicated by

the entirely granuloso-punctate mesoscutum).

Tibial scopa: (1) with at least some pale hairs; (2)

ENTIRELY DARK BROWN OR BLACK. Scopa having

all dark hairs are found only in L. eickworti, L.

katyae, L. sandrae, L. orphnaeum, L. perscabrum,

and L. costale.

Acarinarium: (1) absent; (2) PRESENT. The

acarinarium, apparently absent in Old World species, is present in all species at nodes 8, 19 as well

as in L. bajaense, L. bardum, and L. parkeri.

Acarinarium: (1) absent to moderate in size; (2)

CONSPICUOUSLY LARGE, CIRCULAR. A COnspicuously large acarinarium is found at nodes 10, 19

and in L. bajaense and L. bardum.

Acarinarium: (1) sharply defined by elongate

fringe hairs; (2) indistinctly defined. The indistinctly defined acarinarium is found in L. trizonatum (sensu lato) and L. colatum at the base of node

8, possibly indicating a natural grouping. Given

the extreme similarity of L. anhypops to other

trizonatum forms, its lack of an acarinarium is

presumed to be secondary.

Terga IV-V of female: (1) with normal basal

hair bands; (2) ENTIRELY PUBESCENT. The pubescent tail is found at node 13 and in L. tropidonotum

and L. sandrae. This feature along with the infuscated anterior wing margins is presumably associated with polybiine mimicry and therefore possibly

subject to homoplasy as indicated in the preliminary cladogram.

Erect, lateral hair tufts on sternum V of male: (1)

absent; (2) present.

Adpressed hair fringes on posterior edge of male

sternum V: (1) absent; (2) present.

Sternum VI of male: (1) lacking distinctive hair

patterns; (2) with well-formed, distinctive hair patterns. Among New World species, the vestiture on

sternum VI is found only in L. leucozonium and L.

zonulum (node 2).

Sternum V of male: (1) without elongate lateral

hair tufts; (2) WITH ELONGATE LATERAL HAIR

TUFTS. The apparently unique, elongate lateral

hair tufts on sternum V provide a strong synapomorphy at node 4.

Sternum VII of male: (1) well developed; (2)

SLENDER, REDUCED. Among New World species,

reduction of sternum VII is found only in L.

leucozonium and L. zonulum (node 2).

Median process of male sternum VIII: (1) present; (2) absent or extremely reduced. The absence

of the sternal VIII median process is found in all

species below node 5 corroborating the clypeal
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

morphology pattern (character 10). The median

process is also absent in L. eickworti.

*85b(37). Median process of sternum VIII: (1) rounded;

(2) SHARPLY POINTED; (3) A TRUNCATED CONVEXITY AS SEEN IN VENTRAL VIEW. The sharply pointed

median process is apparently unique to species at

node 18; the unusual truncated condition is found

only at node 15.

*85c(38). Median process of sternum VIII: (1) absent; (2)

SHORT; (3) CONSPICUOUSLY ELONGATE. The very

elongate median process is found only at node 9

and in L. argutum. Considering the short median

process as part of an ordered sequence is tenuous

at best and provides only very weak support for

node 6.

86a(40). Gonobase: (1) short, approximately 0.5 the

length of gonocoxite as seen in dorsal view; (2)

moderate in length; (3) elongate, subequal to or

slightly longer than gonocoxite. The conspicuously short gonobase is found at node 2, node 3

(excepting L. pacificum), and in L. eickworti. The

very elongate gonobase is found primarily among

Mexican species and supports node 18.

*86b(41). Conspicuous rim at apex of gonobase: (1) absent;

(2) PRESENT. The unusual gonobase rim is apparently found only in species at node 3.

87a(44). Gonostylus: (1) hairy, with numerous elongate

setae; (2) virtually hairless, with only very short,

sparse setae. Among New World species, the virtually hairless gonostylus is found only at node 2

and in L. titusi.

*87b(45). Gonostylus: (1) without basal collar; (2) WITH

BASAL COLLAR. The apparently unique gonostylar

collar is found only at node 7.

*87c(46). Membranous lobe on inner apical surface of gonocoxite: (1) absent; (2) PRESENT. This membranous lobe is apparently found only in L. asaphes

and L. transvorsum (node 16).

* 88(4 2). Membranous retrorse lobe on ventral surface of

genitalia: (1) well developed; (2) REDUCED; (3)

absent. Among New World species the retrorse

lobes are completely absent only in L. leucozonium

and L. zonulum (node 2). Whether or not this is

plesiomophic for the genus cannot be determined

at present. The reductional state is most likely

derived and supports node 3 and is also found in

L. eickworti.

*89(43). Membranous retrorse lobe: (1) rounded distally;

(2) SHARPLY POINTED DISTALLY. The sharply

pointed retrorse lobes provide strong support for

node 18.

The resolution of the derived cladogram is not

high, as one would expect when clustering 39

taxa on the basis of only 26 characters. However,

given the unique to nearly unique nature of the

character states involved, the groupings obtained

should be of some significance.

In Figure 67, the holarctic species, L. leucozonium and L. zonulum (node 2), form a distinct

group that is clearly related to many Old World

species. In addition to the unique reduction of

the male seventh sternum, this group shares similarities in the following nonordered characters:

40, 57d, 83c, 86a, 87a. Also well supported is

the group of species at node 3, all from the

western United States and Mexico. Nonpolarized

similarities associated with this group involve

characters 28, 30, 45 and 86a. The enigmatic

position of L. fuscipenne and L. titusi is clearly

indicated. Lasioglossum fuscipenne females lack

the labral distal projections (character 28) as do

node 3 species but the significance of this similarity cannot be determined without study of

other halictines.

A potentially significant finding is that the

majority of New World Lasioglossum species

(node 5) may comprise a monophyletic group.

The males of all Old World Lasioglossum species

examined have a rounded clypeal surface that is

dull and/or conspicuously punctate (similar to

that found in other halictine groups). The

clypeus of most New World Lasioglossum males

is nearly flat to slightly depressed, and polished

with only obscure punctation. The clypeus of L.

eickworti males is rounded and supposedly shows

a reversal for this feature in the present analysis.

Another interpretation, discussed below, is that

this character supports the hypothesis that L.

eickworti, L. katyae, and L. sandrae comprise a

natural group (based on other characters) that is

only distantly related to other New World species.

Lasioglossum pavonotum, the only metallic New

World species, also has highly unusual male genitalia (Figures 592-595). While its obscure phylogenetic position is emphasized in Figure 67,

the flat to slightly depressed male clypeus suggests that it belongs to a large New World species

group. This species, along with L. eickworti and

all other species below node 5, lack the well-
NUMBER 429 19

developed median process of the eighth male

sternum; however, the cladistic value of this similarity cannot be ascertained without further

study of other halictine taxa. Consequently, the

presence of a short, rounded median process

provides only tenuous support at node 6 (conservatively, node 6 should drop to node 5).

Species at node 6 are distributed into three

generalized groups. The first is an unresolved

group comprised of Lasioglossum athabascense,

node 7 (L. heterorhinum, L. lampronotum), and L.

anhypops. These are species from the United

States, i.e., species lacking the unusual characters

associated with most Mexican species at node 12,

that also lack an acarinarium typical of species

grouped at node 8. Future work will most likely

show some if not all of these species to be related

to species in node 8. For example, L. anhypops

lacks the acarinarium found in other trizonatum

forms but otherwise both groups are virtually

identical. The lack of an acarinarium in L. anhypops possibly represents a secondary loss, which

can be determined only by further work.

All species at node 8 (Figure 68) are associated

with mites and possess an acarinarium at the base

of the first abdominal tergum. The naturalness

of this grouping is open to question as it most

likely excludes such species as L. anhypops (discussed above). Furthermore, the characters supporting node 11 are also characteristic of the

Mexican species at node 12, suggesting that the

placement of L. jubatum and L. pallicorne is problematic at best. Nevertheless, the unusually elongate median process of the male eighth sternum

suggests some naturalness to the grouping at

node 9. Interestingly, the species at the base of

node 9 (L. morrilli, L. forbesii, sensu lato, L.

desertum, as well as L. coriaceum) share the extreme distal placement of the first tibial spur

tooth discussed in the treatment of character 45.

At the base of node 8, L. colatum, the three

trizonatum species, and L. channelense share the

indistinctly formed acarinarial hair fringe, which

may or may not have phylogenetic significance.

Most species from Mexico and Central America are grouped at node 12 (Figure 69). They

are characterized by the densely granuloso-punctate mesoscutum and differentiated scopal hair

coloration (as in Figure 1). This group may also

include L. jubatum and L. pallicorne (node 11) as

mentioned above. Within node 12 only two

clades are strongly supported at present. Node

18 is extremely well supported by the sharply

pointed median process of sternum VIII and the

uniquely pointed retrorse genitalic lobes. The

unusual simple and recurved frontal hairs supporting node 18 are also shared by L. circinatum

and L. pharum (both Mexican species for which

males are yet unknown). Species at node 15 all

share the highly unusual median process of sternum VIII, a truncate, semicircular projection

(Figure 285). Although the doubly-punctate

mesoscutum is not unique to the species at node

17, this pattern is corroborated by the smooth

propodeal dorsal surface found in the included

species (both features are shared by L. bajaense,

L. circinatum, and L. pharum indicating that they

too belong here; a further relationship is suggested by L. argutum and L. bajaense having a

uniquely polished dorsal propodal surface).

The relationships of other species included at

node 12 remain obscure. Node 13 is only weakly

supported by the pubescent abdominal apex

(character 81), which also occurs in L. sandrae

and L. tropidonotum. Although dark scopal and

mesoscutal hairs (characters 75, 77b) are highly

unusual in the genus and related groups, this

support for the naturalness of node 14 remains

unconvincing. In fact, L. eickworti, L. katyae, and

L. sandrae, appear to comprise a natural taxon

that may only be distantly related to most New

World Lasioglossum (see "Remarks" section for

L. eickworti for further details).

FLORAL ASSOCIATIONS

The Lasioglossum floral associations reported

herein are based exclusively on specimen label

data that does not differentiate between pollenand nectar-gathering visits. While specimen label

data were being recorded, those bees having

noticeable pollen loads were noted and their

numbers herein indicated parenthetically next to
20

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

TABLE 2.—Plant families with more than 35 records of visits by Lasioglossum (number of females

with pollen loads given in parentheses).

Family

COMPOSITAE

ROSACEAE

LEGUMINOSAE

POLYGONACEAE

CRUCIFERAE

SALICACEAE

HYDROPHYLLACEAE

SCROPHULARIACEAE

LABIATAE

RANUNCULACEAE

ERICACEAE

ANACARDIACEAE

UMBELLIFERAE

ONAGRACEAE

PAPAVERACEAE

RHAMNACEAE

MALVACEAE

SOLANACEAE

TAMARICACEAE

LlLIACEAE

APOCYNACEAE

BORAGINACEAE

All 74 families

visited

Genera Visited

80

22

19

3

20

1

6

9

12

6

6

2

11

6

3

3

6

4

1

10

1

7

317

Spp.

34

23

22

8

20

20

15

17

12

16

17

11

10

9

5

15

5

8

3

8

8

9

39

No. of Lasioglossum visitors

Individuals

1978

515

476

360

339

276

129

122

101

85

80

75

71

63

61

57

50

49

46

42

41

39

5348

Females

1085(278)

487(158)

297(55)

150(1)

338(95)

273(44)

118(47)

121(37)

81(32)

79(4)

77(6)

65(11)

35(7)

58(36)

61(13)

50(9)

46(14)

48(6)

45(2)

39(20)

8

39(5)

3983(880)

Males

893

28

179

60

1

3

11

1

20

6

3

10

36

5

-

7

4

1

1

3

33

-

1365

the total number of specimens associated with a

plant genus or family (a plant taxon associated

with pollen-laden bees is preceded by an asterisk

in the flower visitation listings for each Lasioglossum species). Although the actual source of pollen

is not indicated by such records, they nevertheless provide some tenuous information on the

subject. In general, specimen label data provide

only limited information on floral associations

but are here reported to summarize what data

presently exist and to compare these with similar

data reported for a group of long-tongued bees,

the California Bombini (Thorp et al., 1983).

Of the total specimens of Lasioglossum examined, 5348 (21%) had associated floral data. The

records were from 317 plant genera representing

74 families. Tables 2 and 3 list those families and

genera having 35 or more Lasioglossum records

(this is proportional to the 50-visit cut-off for the

Bombini data reported by Thorp et al., in which

there were a total of 7437 floral records). Of

the 51 New World Lasioglossum species, 39 have

associated floral data; nothing is known about

the floral associations of 12 species from Mexico

and Central America. An additional nine species

occurring south of the Mexican border have six

or fewer records. The floral summary for Lasioglossum is highly influenced by six species that

account for 67% of the total records: L. sisymbrii

(22%), leucozonium (15%), paraforbesii (8%), titusi

(8%), coriaceum (8%), and zonulum (6%). The

male records are highly influenced by two species, L. leucozonium (42%) and sisymbrii (15%).

Figure 70 plots the plant family visitation records reported by Thorp et al. (1983) for California Bombini with comparable data for Lasioglossum superimposed (note that this comparison will

be highly influenced by the restriction of the

Bombini records to the Californian flora,

whereas the Lasioglossum records are not so lim-
NUMBER 429 21

TABLE 3.—Plant genera with more than 35 records of visits

by Lasioglossum (number of females with pollen loads given

in parentheses).

Solidago

Salix

Melilotus

Prunus

Eriogonum

Erigeron

Taraxacum

Aster

Hieracium

Leontodon

Phacelia

Rubus

Medicago

Agoseris

Brassica

Ranunculus

Penstemon

Chrysothamnus

Rhus

Hypochoeris

Rosa

Monarda

Barbar ea

Potentilla

Pyrus

Ceanothus

Sisymbrium

Sonchus

Eschscholtzia

Tamarix

Helianthus

Grindelia

Apocynum

Eagopyrum

Oenothera

Daucus

Sphaeralcea

Solarium

Trifolium

Spp.

12

20

12

12

6

8

12

13

3

3

11

11

5

4

14

11

13

8

11

2

9

3

7

10

5

12

5

4

4

3

7

7

8

1

3

4

3

9

10

No. of Lasioglossum visitors

Individuals

347

276

240

175

167

152

139

135

134

91

90

90

87

86

81

78

72

64

63

60

58

57

53

53

51

49

49

47

46

46

45

42

41

41

40

39

38

37

37

Females

55(21)

273(44)

116(10)

172(64)

148(1)

46(11)

138(30)

24(2)

134(46)

15(7)

87(35)

89(34)

45(1)

86(10)

81(30)

72(3)

72(24)

30

54(10)

60(40)

58(16)

49(29)

53(13)

44(15)

44(1)

45(9)

49(8)

39

46(11)

45(2)

41(27)

16

8

1

40(30)

3

38(9)

36(6)

34(5)

Males

292

3

124

3

19

106

1

111

-

76

3

1

42

-

-

6

-

34

9

-

-

8

-

9

7

4

-

8

-

1

4

26

33

40

-

36

-

1

3

ited). The Compositae constitute 37% of all

Lasioglossum floral records, which is similar to

the 39% figure reported for the Bombini. This

family appears to be especially important for

Lasioglossum males, where it accounts for 65% of

all records and is probably a reflection of the late

summer and fall emergence of most males and

their association with Aster and Solidago. Though

the Compositae is the most commonly visited

family by both Lasioglossum and Bombini, Figure

71 and Table 3 indicate that different plant

genera are involved. The three plant genera

most commonly visited by Californian Bombini

are Cirsium, Chrysothamnus, and Helianthus (all

composites) but appear to be infrequently visited

by Lasioglossum. The primary composites reported for Lasioglossum are Solidago (6.5%), Erigeron (2.8%), Taraxacum (2.6%), Aster (2.5%),

and Hieracium (2.5%).

The Leguminosae are much less important for

Lasioglossum (8.9%) than for the Bombini (19%).

Lupinus, Trifolium, and Astragalus, all important

plants for the Bombini, appear to be relatively

unimportant to Lasioglossum species; Melilotus is

the only legume commonly visited by Lasioglossum. Unlike the Bombini, the Rosaceae constitute

the second most important plant family recorded

for Lasioglossum specimens with visits to Prunus

(3.3%) and Rubus (1.7%) especially well represented. The Rosaceae is the most commonly

visited family recorded for four Lasioglossum species: L. athabascense, coriaceum, forbesii, and paraforbesii. Two other families with open, shortcorolla-type flowers are relatively more important for the short-tongued Lasioglossum than for

the Bombini: Cruciferae (6.3%) and Polygonaceae {Eriogonum, 3.1%). Salix is the second most

important plant genus associated with Lasioglossum, visited by 20 of the 39 bee species having

floral data. This genus is relatively less important

for Bombus, where Salix is visited only by earlyspring foundress queens. The differences between the floral records for California Bombini

and North American Lasioglossum, though highly

influenced by differences in associated floras,

possibly indicate that the short-tongued Lasioglossum species are more commonly associated

with the open flowers of the Rosaceae and Cruciferae and are less commonly associated with the

zygomorphic flowers of the Leguminosae and

Labiatae, both important families for the longtongued Bombini. Although the Compositae appears to be of primary and nearly equal importance to both groups of bees, different composite
22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

40 r

co

Q

QC

O

O

QC

UJ

O

30 -

20 -

UJ 10

O

OC

Ul

OL

UJLIS

O OL;

O

o

>£**.>

II

II

•mm

mm

UJ

CONW OLEGU>

UJ

UJ <

< UJ

t- o

5 o

< oc

_ l UJ

EAE .ARIA

C PHUI

O

cr

oCO

UJ

in YLLACI OPH

g

I

EAE OVN I

QC

ACEAE

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o0.

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CoO

UlCE

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n

in

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u

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Bombus

Lasioglossum

UlACE

9

cr

n

OL

O

UJ

QC

UJ

u.

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UJ

UJ

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>

UJ

UJ

o

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o

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UJ30VI O

u.

QC

o

UJ

Ul

o

u-1

CO

FIGURE 70.—Comparison of flower records (plant families) for New World Lasioglossum and

California Bombini (Bombini data from Thorp et al., 1983).

12 r

11 -

10

co

Q

oc q

o

£ 8

oc

Ul

5 7

o

3

2

1 -

-

_

-

-

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s

COCIR

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X

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to

3

Z LUP

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STER

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Lasioglossum ALUS

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.

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FIGURE 71.—Comparison of flower records (plant genera) for New World Lasioglossum and

California Bombini.
NUMBER 429 23

genera are represented in known records for

both bee taxa.

Lasioglossum flower records and a review of

those females with noticeable pollen loads indicate that nearly all species are broadly polylectic.

One exception is L. titusi, which is possibly

broadly oligolectic, apparently collecting pollen

only from the Compositae. Lasioglossum leucozonium records also indicate some preference for

composite pollen, but this is less well supported

than is the case for L. titusi oligolecty (see individual species accounts for further details).

MITE ASSOCIATIONS

As reviewed by Eickwort (1979), the association of many halictid bees with nest-inhabiting

mites is one of the more interesting aspects of

halictid biology. In most cases involving Lasioglossum species, deutonymphal mite hypopodes

attach to an acarinarium on the anterior surface

of the first abdominal segment of the developing

female bee (Figure 72). The acarinarium often

becomes completely filled by overlapping mites

as in Figures 73, 74. After the bee emerges and

begins provisioning its own nests, the phoretic

mites transfer onto the provision masses in the

new nest cells. Within the new cells the hypopodes complete their development into adults

and the cycle repeats. To date, 15 genera in six

families of mites have been associated with halictid bees. Biologies are equally variable and include forms that feed on fungi, pollen, and/or

FIGURES 72-75.—Lasioglossum species and phoretic mites: 72, L. coriaceum abdomen showing

empty acarinarium; 73, L. coriaceum acarinarium with mites; 74, close-up of mites in acarinarium; 75, L. titusi with mites clinging to propodeal hairs.
24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

surface fluids on the provision masses or larval

bees.

While Lasioglossum specimens were being recorded for this study, it was noted whether or

not individual bees had phoretic mites on them.

The resulting data are presented in Table 4.

Twenty-two of the 51 New World Lasioglossum

species were associated with mites (I have not

observed an acarinarium or mites on any Old

World Lasioglossum, including the holarctic L.

leucozonium and L. zonulum).

All of the mites associated with Lasioglossum

belong to the family Histiostomatidae (previously

Anoetidae), with the exception of Imparipes vulgaris Delfinado and Baker (Scutacaridae) associated with L. titusi (Linsley and MacSwain, 1959;

Delfinado and Baker, 1976; Eickwort, 1979).

The adult females of this species cling to the

propodeal hairs of the female bee (Figure 75)

and in cases of heavy infestation cling to hairs on

other parts of the thorax, including the front

coxae, and less commonly on the genae and

anterior surface of the first metasomal tergum

(the hairs on this surface are unusually elongate).

This is quite different from the situation in

Lasioglossum species associated with histiostomatid mites in which the hypopodes attach to an

acarinarium on the anterior surface of the first

tergum. Hypopodes on male L. titusi are also

found on the propodeum and less commonly on

the sides of the pronotum, differing from the

usual positioning of mites on the venter of the

thorax, the forecoxae, and the genae of males of

other mite-associated Lasioglossum (a position

that would presumedly facilitate the transfer of

mites from male to female bees during copulation).

Linsley and MacSwain (1959) reported that in

a sample of 50 females of L. titusi, 45 (90%)

carried hypopodes (reported as acarids). In this

study, 1350 females from museum collections

were examined and 870 (66.2%) had mites on

them (34.2% of the males carried mites). The

higher infestation reported by Linsley and

MacSwain is probably better indicative of the

TABLE 4.—Number of Lasioglossum specimens, by species,

associated with phoretic mites.

Species

L. acarophilum, new species

L. acuminatum, new species

L. anhypops, new species

L. argutum, new species

L. bardum (Cresson)

L. channelense, new species

L. colatum (Vachal)

L. coriaceum (Smith)

L. desertum (Smith)

L. egregium (Vachal)

L. forbesii (Robertson)

L. jubatum (Vachal)

L. mellipes (Crawford)

L. morrilli (Cockerell)

L. pallicorne (Vachal)

L. paraforbesii, new species

L. parkeri, new species

L. pavonotum (Cockerell)

L. titusi (Crawford)

L. transvorsum (Vachal)

L. trizonatum (Cresson)

L. uyacicola (Cockerell)

L. xyriotropis, new species

Females Males

No.

43

111

15

5

22

92

17

1356

67

565

94

14

397

47

13

645

1

63

870

-

361

2

1

Percent

55.8

49.1

2.7

4.4

19.5

69.7

6.8

75.9

52.8

82.4

63.9

28.6

72.6

77.0

81.2

68.1

100.0

10.4

66.2

-

76.5

15.4

14.3

No.

_

26

-

-

-

53

-

283

7

75

13

-

43

1

20

12

-

12

54

1

36

-

_

Percent

_

19.4

-

_

32.9

-

43.1

16.3

34.6

26.5

-

45.3

20.0

60.6

10.9

-

5.3

34.2

16.7

28.3

-

_

true level of mite association among young females than are data from museum specimens. As

females age they apparently lose most if not all

of their phoretic hypopodes, presumably

through transfer of the mites onto new provision

masses. The lower infestation among museum

specimens would reflect this age-attrition factor.

For most of the Lasioglossum species having

well-developed acarinaria, the infestation levels

of females range from a low of 49.1% (L. acuminatum) to over 80% (L. egregium, L. pallicorne).

Species having lower infestation levels fall into

three groups. First there is L. bardum, jubatum,

and uyacicola, all of which have well-developed

acarinaria but are known from so few specimens

that comparative figures are virtually meaningless. The availability of more specimens would

most likely reveal infestation levels comparable
NUMBER 429 25

to the above species. In the second group, L.

colatum and pavonotum, the acarinaria are very

weakly developed (Figures 351, 591). Although

the infestation levels are correspondingly low

(6.8% and 10.4%), the males of both species also

carry mites and the association of these bees with

mites appears to be normal though relatively

uncommon. In the third group the association

with mites appears to be accidental: the acarinarium is entirely lacking and mites are only rarely

found on female bees and never on males. For

example, three species of the closely related trizonatum group have well-developed acarinaria

and are usually associated with phoretic mites

(infestation levels range from 72% to 82%). The

fourth species of the trizonatum group, L. anhypops, lacks an acarinarium, and only 15 (2.7%)

of the 613 females examined had mites on the

first tergum (none of the 262 L. anhypops males

carried mites). It is possible that the occurrence

of mites on these females may be on account of

transfer of hypopodes during attempted matings

by infested males of other sympatric trizonatum

species.

Samples of Lasioglossum-associated mites were

removed and sent to B. OConner (University of

Michigan) for further study and identification. It

is hoped that a future publication will address

what, if any, specificity exists between mite and

Lasioglossum species and possible phylogenetic

implications.

Lasioglossum Curtis

Lasioglossum Curtis, 1833, folio 448 [type-species: Melitta

xanthopus Kirby, by monotypy and original designation (=

Lasioglossum tricingulum Curtis)].

Curtisapis Robertson, 1918:91 [type-species: Halictus coriaceus Smith, by original designation].

DIAGNOSIS

Halictine bees can be recognized by the

strongly arcuate basal vein (vein M) of the forewing (Figure 80). Among New World halictine

females, the outer wing veins (2 r-m, 2 m-cu,

Figure 76) are noticeably weakened only in species of Lasioglossum, sensu lato (includes Dialictus,

Evylaeus, and the less common Habralictellus,

Hemihalictus, Paralictus, and Sphecodogastra; see

Michener, 1944:250). The basal hair bands on

the abdominal terga (Figure 79) will also differentiate the above genera from the superficially

similar Halictus, which have apical tergal hair

bands (Figure 77) and well-developed distal wing

veins (Figure 76).

Females of Lasioglossum, sensu stricto, differ

from Dialictus and Evylaeus in having only the 2

r-m vein weakened (Figure 78), whereas the latter genera and related forms have vein 1 r-m also

weakened (Figure 80). Furthermore, Lasioglossum (sensu stricto) females are relatively large

bees (specimens examined in the present study

ranged from 6.8 to 11.9 mm in length); most

Dialictus and Evylaeus are only 4 to 7 mm long;

however, a few Evylaeus are as large as 8 to 9

mm, e.g., E. cinctipes and E. robustus). In addition

to the above venational difference and smaller

size, the dull metallic coloration of the head and

thorax will easily separate Dialictus from the normally black Lasioglossum (L. pavonotum is metallic

blue-green but is a moderate-sized bee (7.3—9.1

mm, n = 15) occurring only along the Pacific

coastline, Figure 583).

The above-mentioned venational differences

are subtle among males and commonly results in

confusion between Lasioglossum and Evylaeus.

Males of the latter genus generally have relatively

elongate antennae with the fourth antennal segment longer than segments 2 and 3 combined

(Figure 82; fourth segment subequal to segments

2—3 in Lasioglossum, Figure 81). Evylaeus males

having short antennae can usually be recognized

by their relatively small body size, e.g., E. glabriventris (approximatey 4—5 mm in length). Another useful differentiating feature is clypeal

shape: all New World Evylaeus males and only

some Lasioglossum have a rounded, protuberant

clypeal surface (Figure 445); however, most New

World Lasioglossum males have a distinctively

flattened to slightly depressed clypeal surface

(Figure 435).
26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

APICAL HAIF

BAND

1

78

FIGURES 76-80.—Halictine diagnostic characters: 76, Halictus rubicundus forewing; 77,

H. rubicundus abdomen; 78, Lasioglossum

paraforbesii forewing; 79, L. coriaceum abdomen; 80, Evylaeus quebecensis forewing.
NUMBER 429 27

FIGURES 81, 82.—Lasioglossum and Evylaeus male antennae:

81, L. coriaceum, comparing length of antennal segments 2 -

3 to segment 4; 82, Evylaeus sp.

DESCRIPTION

In the following generic description, characters that vary considerably among New World

Lasioglossum species are presented in capital and/

or lowercase letters, with the range of character

variation presented. Characters thought to be

nonvariant for the treated species are given in

small capital letters; however, some characters

that vary in few species are also printed in small

capitals, with the few exceptions listed parenthetically. The identifying character numbers are

the same that are used in the species descriptions.

FEMALE.—(1) Length 6.8-11.9 mm; (2) wing

length 1.9-3.4 mm; (3) abdominal width 1.8-3.5

mm.

Structure: (4) Head short to elongate; length/

width ratio 0.74-1.04. (5) GENA SUBEQUAL TO

EYE IN WIDTH, (6) ROUNDED POSTERIORLY, NOT

PRODUCED OR ANGULATE. (7) Supraclypeal area

evenly to narrowly rounded, (8) very weakly to

strongly protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.64 to all of its length below lower

margin of eyes, (10) SURFACE USUALLY BROADLY

ROUNDED (somewhat flattened dorsally in L. titusi, L. athabascense; slightly protuberant along

ventral edge in L. colatum; with distinct semicircular depression on ventral edge in L. sandrae);

(11) clypeal surface with or without median longitudinal sulcation. (12) FRONTAL CARINA USUALLY WELL DEVELOPED, EXTENDING AT MOST TO

MIDPOINT BETWEEN ANTENNAE AND MEDIAN

OCELLUS (very weakly developed in L. pacificum,

L. timberlakei). (13) DISTANCE BETWEEN LATERAL

OCELLUS AND EYE GREATER THAN DISTANCE BETWEEN LATERAL OCELLUS AND HIND MARGIN OF

VERTEX (L. zonulum is the only exception in

having these distances subequal or the latter distance exceeding the first); (14) distance between

lateral ocelli exceeding, subequal to or exceeded

by distance between lateral ocellus and eye; (15)

LATERAL OCELLI JOINED ABOVE BY WEAK TO DISTINCT IMPRESSED LINE (apparently absent only in

L. uyacicola, L. circinatum, L. tropidonotum). (16)

COMPOUND EYES CONVERGING VERY SLIGHTLY BELOW. (17) HYPOSTOMAL CARINA WELL DEVELOPED

AND UNIFORM (conspicuously developed in L. fuscipenne); (18) ANTERIOR ANGLE NARROWLY TO

BROADLY ROUNDED, (20) ANTERIOR CARINA

NEARLY PERPENDICULAR TO LONGITUDINAL CARINA (distinctly rounded and narrow in L. zonulum). (21) SCAPE REACHING TO TOP OF VERTEX;

(22) PEDICEL SLIGHTLY LONGER THAN WIDE,

SLIGHTLY LONGER THAN FLAGELLOMERE 1; (23)

flagellomere 1 shorter than, subequal to, or

longer than flagellomere 2. (24) LABRUM WITH

BASAL AREA AND DISTAL PROCESS; (25) BASAL

ELEVATION WELL DEVELOPED (weakly developed

only in L. pavonotum); (26) BASAL LATERAL

DEPRESSIONS ABSENT (present only in some

males); (27) distal keel narrow, parallel-sided to

very broad and spoon-shaped as seen in frontal

view; (28) distal lateral projections conspicuously

developed to absent; (29) fimbrial setae all

acutely pointed or bluntly rounded distally. (30)

MOUTHPARTS NOT UNUSUALLY MODIFIED OR

ELONGATE; (31) MANDIBLE WITH DISTINCT SUBAPICAL TOOTH.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle broadly obtuse, narrowly obtuse, or forming a sharply pointed, projecting right angle; (33) pronotal lateral ridge

complete or interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus;

(34) lower portion of lateral ridge broadly

rounded to sharply edged. (35) Mesoscutal lip
28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

rounded to strongly bilobed, (36) strongly to very

weakly elevated from pronotum; (37) MEDIAN

MESOSCUTAL LINE GENERALLY WEAKLY IMPRESSED TO ABOUT HALF LENGTH OF MESOSCUTUM

(very weakly impressed in L. titusi; extending

beyond mesoscutal midpoint in L. leucozonium,

L. olympiae, L. pacificum, L. timberlakei, L. sisymbrii, L. zonulum); (38) PARAPSIDAL LINES ABOUT

0.29-0.43 LENGTH OF MESOSCUTUM. (39) MEDIAN

SCUTELLAR IMPRESSION VERY WEAK (absent in L.

leucozonium, L. zonulum, L. titusi, L. bajaense).

(40) Dorsal surface of propodeum about 0.53-

0.95 the length of scutellum and slightly shorter

than to 1.7 times the length of metanotum, (41)

depressed or not depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin rounded to sharply truncated; (43)

propodeal triangle inconspicuous to moderately

well defined, median V-shaped area inconspicuous to strongly elevated, lateral rims of propodeal dorsal surface present or absent; (44)

lateral carinae well developed and encircling posterior propodeal surface to weakly developed

and extending no more than one-third distance

of posterior surface. (45) Tibial spurs as in Figures 14-60.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

straight to strongly sinuate.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny or dull, (48)

densely and usually contiguously punctate below

ocelli, area between ocelli and antennae uniformly punctate or punctures becoming larger

and less dense near antennae; frons of some

Mexican species doubly-punctate. (49) VERTEX

DENSELY PUNCTATE NEAR EYE, PUNCTURES SEPARATED BY THEIR DIAMETER OR LESS (vertex near

eye of L. titusi highly polished, doubly-punctate,

smaller punctures very fine, inconspicuous, separated by their width, larger noticeable punctures separated by about two times their width);

(50) VERTEX BEHIND OCELLI USUALLY OBSCURELY

PUNCTATE WITH OBSCURE TRANSVERSE STRIATIONS (striations conspicuous only in L. leucozonium). (51) Supraclypeal area polished, granulate

or strigulate, (52) densely to sparsely punctate.

(53) Clypeus polished or granulate; (54) punctation variable. (55) HYPOSTOMA OBSCURELY

STRIOLATE TO STRONGLY STRIATE, OFTEN POLISHED LATERALLY, PUNCTURES USUALLY OBSCURE

AND SPARSE (sculpture of this area shows high

levels of intraspecific variation).

(56) Mesoscutum shiny or dull; (57) punctation

variable, sparse to granuloso-punctate, doublypunctate in some species. (58) Scutellar punctation variable, uniform and similar to that of

mesoscutum or finer and less dense, often with

very sparsely punctate to impunctate areas adjacent to median line. (59) METANOTUM GRANULATE TO RUGULOSE, PUNCTATION USUALLY OBSCURE. (60) PRE-EPISTERNUM USUALLY RUGULOSE

(rugose in L. leucozonium, L. zonulum); (61) HYPOEPIMERAL AREA AND MESEPISTERNUM USUALLY

RUGULOSE TO ROUGHLY STRIGULATE (strigat e in

L. leucozonium, rugose in L. zonulum, granulosopunctate in L. crocoturum, L. tricnicos), USUALLY

WITHOUT DISTINCT PUNCTURES (present only in

L. crocoturum); (62) UPPER PORTION OF METEPISTERNUM USUALLY STRIGULATE, BECOMING GRANULATE BELOW (entirely strigate in L. fuscipenne,

L. leucozonium, L. titusi, L. zonulum, L. pacificum,

and related species). (63) Dorsal surface of propodeum highly variable in sculpture: smooth,

rugulose, ruguloso-striolate, striolate, striate or

scabrous; (64) surface smooth or microscopically

alveolated.

(65) Metasomal tergum I shiny to dull; (66)

punctation moderately fine to extremely fine and

obscure, punctation sparse (punctures up to four

times their width apart) to granuloso-punctate.

Coloration: (67) HEAD, THORAX, ABDOMEN

USUALLY DARK BROWN TO BLACK (metallic bluegreen only in L. pavonotum with tints of metallic

blue, purple, or red on mesoscutum and scutellum). (68) CLYPEUS WITHOUT MACULATION (maculation present or absent in males). (69) FLAGELLUM ENTIRELY DARK (ventral surface lightly pigmented in some males).

(70) TEGULAE USUALLY LIGHT BROWN TO

BLACK WITH TRANSPARENT ANTERIOR EDGE (paletranslucent in L. sisymbrii). (71) Wing membrane

hyaline, pale yellowish brown or pale orange;

anterior edge and/or apex of forewing infuscated

in some species; WING VEINS AND STIGMA LIGHT
NUMBER 429 29

TO DARK BROWN. (72) Legs usually dark brown

to black (pale ferruginous in some forms of L.

fuscipenne, L. mellipes, most forms of L. lampronotum, and all L. channelense).

Vestiture: (73) Pubescence of head between

vertex and antennae usually plumose or with

some inconspicuous hairs near ocelli (this area in

L. acarophilum, L. circinatum, L. tropidonotum, L.

pharum, and L. uyacicola is covered with simple,

distally recurved hairs that contrast with the plumose hairs near antennae; hairs in L. tropidonotum conspicuously thick and pigmented); (74)

hairs white to dark brown.

(75) Pubescence of thorax white to dark

brown; (76) mesoscutal hairs sparse, simple, inconspicuous to dense and conspicuously plumose.

(77) Hind tibial hairs concolorous (white to dark

brown) or with color differentiated (dorsal hairs

brown, contrasting with relatively pale lateral

and/or ventral hairs).

(78) Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum I and

(79) basal hair bands of terga II-IV white, yellowish white or yellow. (80) Acarinarium (glabrous area surrounded by elongate hair fringe)

on anterior surface of tergum I present or absent.

(81) Basal hair bands on terga II-IV usually

present and covering basal one-third of tergum

(variously reduced or lost; L. sisymbrii with basal

hair band on tergum I; terga IV-V entirely covered by short hairs in L. cercothrix, L. tropidonotum, L. crocoturum).

MALE.—Similar to female except as follows:

(1) length 6.2-10.1 mm; (2) wing length 1.6-2.9

mm; (3) abdominal width 1.6-2.9 mm.

Structure: (4) Head length/width ratio 0.76-

1.09. (5) Gena narrower, subequal to, or broader

than eye, (6) rounded to strongly produced posteriorly (with conspicuous angulate projection in

L. eickworti). (10) Clypeal surface flat to broadly

rounded, ventral edge often shallowly to deeply

depressed. (23) FLAGELLOMERE 1 USUALLY

SLIGHTLY MORE THAN HALF TO THREE-QUARTERS

THE LENGTH OF FLAGELLOMERE 2 (ratio 1:2, approximately 0.53-0.75); flagellomere 1 unusually short in L. sisymbrii (0.45), relatively long in

L. titusi (0.87), L. asaphes (0.90), L. transvorsum

(0.91). (24) Distal process of labrum present or

absent, at most developed into a flat, acute projection; (25) basal area of labrum depressed

medially or evenly rounded; (26) basal lateral

depressions present or absent; (27, 28) UNLIKE

FEMALES, DISTAL KEEL AND DISTAL LATERAL PROJECTIONS ABSENT. (30) Mandible very short (not

reaching opposing clypeal angle) to conspicuously elongate (reaching opposing mandibular

base); (31) MANDIBLE SIMPLE, SUBAPICAL TOOTH

ABSENT.

Vestiture: (82) Sterna IV and (83) V with variable vestiture, hairs forming erect tufts, fringes

along posterior sternal edge or hairs inconspicuous.

Terminalia: (84) STERNUM VII SIMILARLY

SHAPED IN MOST SPECIES (as in Figure 66; varying

mostly in width of median process; somewhat

reduced, slender in L. leucozonium, L. zonulum);

(85) sternum VIII with or without median process, shape of process variable. (86) Gonobase

short to elongate; (87) gonostylus variable in size

and shape; (88) RETRORSE MEMBRANOUS LOBE

USUALLY PRESENT (absent only in L.leucozonium,

L. zonulum), (89) size and shape of lobe variable;

(90) volsella variable in shape as illustrated, with

or without prominent lateral lobe.
30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Key to Lasioglossum Females North of the Mexican Border

1. Head, thorax, and abdomen metallic blue-green; found along the immediate Pacific coastline

[Figure 583] 34. L. pavonotum (Cockerell)

Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown to black; distribution variable 2

2(1). Acarinarium (glabrous area surrounded by elongate hairs) present on anterior surface of

tergum I [Figure 83] (acarinarium most weakly developed in L. colatum [Figure 84]) .. . 3

Acarinarium absent, elongate hairs scattered over anterior surface of tergum I [Figure 85]

17

J

,:

ADPRESSED HAIRS

^ r^

ERECT HAIRS

\ ' ' -^ ^~

y

| ^ ^^ <

3(2). Acarinarium completely enclosed by circular fringe of elongate hairs [Figure 86]; anterior

edge of mesoscutum indistinctly elevated from pronotum [Figure 87]; posterior half of

propodeal dorsal surface conspicuously smooth [Figure 88]; lateral edge of tergum II

strongly sinuate [Figure 64] 13. L. coriaceum (Smith)

Acarinarium with a narrow to broad, dorsal median opening [Figures 89, 95, 121]; anterior

edge of mesoscutum distinctly elevated from pronotum [Figure 90]; posterior half of

dorsal propodeal surface usually ruguloso-striolate [Figure 91, 110, 113] (conspicuously

smooth only in L. acarophilum [Figure 250]); lateral edge of tergum II variable, straight to

strongly sinuate 4
NUMBER 429 31

4(3). Dorsal acarinarial opening very narrow, opening distinctly narrower than width of lateral

hair fringe as seen in dorsal view [Figure 92] 5

Dorsal acarinarial opening broad to very broad, opening as wide or wider than lateral hair

fringe [Figure 93] 7

|93|

5(4). Glabrous surface of acarinarium arrowhead-shaped [Figure 94]

18. L. acuminatum, new species

Glabrous surface of acarinarium circular [Figure 95] 6

6(5). Head rounded, appearing short [Figure 96]; apicolateral clypeal surface punctate; wing

membrane yellowish; acarinarial fringe hairs extending laterally on tergum, forming

extensive hair patch with distinct transverse dorsal margin [Figure 98]; eastern species,

occurring west to Kansas and Oklahoma [Figure 406] 19. L.forbesii (Robertson)

Head narrowed ventrally, appearing moderately elongate [Figure 97]; apicolateral clypeal

surface impunctate; wing membrane hyaline; acarinarial fringe hairs well developed only

around circular glabrous surface, not forming a transverse dorsal hair margin [Figure

99]; found from central Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico [Figure 519]

28.1. morrilli (Cockerell)
32 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

7(4). Pronotal lateral ridge virtually complete, only indistinctly interrupted by narrow, oblique

sulcus [Figure 100]; punctures over anterior one-third of mesoscutum indistinct, interspaces obscured by scabriculous integument [Figure 324]; hind tibia and tarsus orange;

known only from the Channel Islands of California 9. L. channelense, new species

Pronotal lateral ridge distinctly interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus [Figure 101]; punctures

distinct over anterior surface of mesoscutum, integument not scabriculous [Figures 344,

439]; hind tibia and tarsus variable in color, usually dark brown to black; species not found

on the California Channel Islands 8

f

/ •

100 101

8(7). Acarinarium very weakly formed, with two large dorsal patches of short adpressed hairs

[Figure 84]; erect acarinarial fringe hairs very sparse and inconspicuous [Figure 84] ... .

12. L. colatum (Vachal)

Acarinarium moderately to strongly formed, with at most only small patches of adpressed

hairs [Figure 83]; acarinarial fringe hairs conspicuous [Figure 83] 9

9(8). Head elongate, width at most subequal to length [Figures 102, 103] (length/width ratio

generally over 0.90) 10

Head short to moderately short, width greater than length [Figures 104, 381] (length/width

ratio generally under 0.90) 14
NUMBER 429 33

10(9). Mesoscutum appearing granuloso-punctate throughout, doubly-punctate [Figure 105]; posterior half of dorsal propodeal surface smooth [Figure 107]; acarinarium conspicuously

large [Figure 247]; primarily a Mexican species, in the United States known only from

Arizona (Cochise, Santa Cruz counties) 1. L. acarophilum, new species

Mesoscutum at most appearing granuloso-punctate only along anterior edge, punctures

separated by 1-2 times their width posteriorly [Figure 106]; posterior half of dorsal

propodeal surface ruguloso-striolate [Figures 108, 113]; acarinarium moderately large

[Figures 111, 114]; species found north of the Mexican border 11

11(10). Head moderately elongate [Figure 109]; dorsal propodeal surface moderately elongate with

slightly elevated posterior lateral rims [Figure 110]; acarinarial fringe hairs dense, sharply

delimiting glabrous surface, dorsal opening with mat of short, adpressed hairs [Figure

111]; primarily from north-central states, west to Alberta, Idaho, Colorado, and Utah

[Figure 406] 20. L. paraforbesii, new species

Head elongate [Figure 112]; dorsal propodeal surface ejongate, without elevated posterior

lateral rims [Figure 113]; acarinarial fringe hairs sparse, only loosely delimiting glabrous

surface, dorsal opening without adpressed hairs [Figure 114]; primarily from western

states, east to the Dakotas, Colorado, and New Mexico [Figure 668] 12
34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

112

12(11). Lateral edge of tergum II strongly sinuate, often deeply excavated [Figure 115]

47. L. trizonatum (Cresson)

Lateral edge of tergum II virtually straight [Figure 116] or only moderately sinuate [Figure

117] 13

13(12). Lateral edge of tergum II virtually straight [Figure 116]; hind tibia and tarsus usually dark

brown to black 45. L. egregium (Vachal)

Lateral edge of tergum II moderately sinuate (Figure 117); hind tibia and tarsus pale

orange 46. L. mellipes (Crawford)

14(9). Acarinarium moderately large, dorsal acarinarial opening subequal to width of lateral hair

fringe as seen from above [Figure 111]; head moderately short [Figure 118] (length/width

ratio generally over 0.90, x = 0.92); wing membrane distinctly yellowish; primarily from

north-central states, west to Alberta, Idaho, south to Utah, Colorado, and Kansas [Figure

406] 20. L. paraforbesii, new species

Acarinarium large, dorsal acarinarial opening usually wider than width of lateral hair fringe

as seen from above [Figure 121] (opening subequal to lateral hair fringe in L. bardum

where acarinarium is nevertheless larger than that of L. paraforbesii [Figure 120]); head

conspicuously short [Figures 119, 381] (length/width ratio generally under 0.90, x =

0.87); wing membrane hyaline; primarily from the Rocky Mountain states, southwestern

USA and Mexico [Figures 302, 472] 15
NUMBER 429 35

15(14). Mesoscutal hairs orange to pale orange, color sharply contrasting with pale pubescence of

pleuron; primarily a Mexican species, in the United States known only from Cochise

County, Arizona [Figure 472] 23. L.jubatum (Vachal)

Mesoscutal hairs white to pale yellowish brown, concolorous with pubescence of pleuron;

species found from Montana south through Mexico [Figure 302] 16

16(15). Dorsal opening of acarinarium subequal to width of lateral hair fringe with hairs gradually

becoming shorter medially [Figure 120]; dorsal propodeal surface ruguloso-striolate

throughout [Figure 122]; species from central and eastern Texas [Figure 302]

7. L. bardum (Cresson)

Dorsal opening of acarinarium wider than width of lateral hair fringe, hairs not becoming

shorter medially [Figure 121]; dorsal propodeal surface weakly ruguloso-striolate with

nearly smooth central area [Figure 123]; species from Montana, south to western Texas

and Mexico [Figure 302] 16. L. desertum (Smith)

•

LA.

J

..-•S i

•

L

Bill

j

0

v •

17(2). Terga II—IV impunctate; dorsal propodeal surface finely striolate over entire surface [Figure

126]; mesoscutal punctation very sparse, obscurely doubly-punctate with larger, noticeable

punctures separated by 2-5 times their diameter [Figure 637]; vertex between compound

eye and lateral ocellus nearly impunctate, conspicuously less punctate than upper frons

[Figure 124]; mites, when present, clinging to propodeal hairs [Figure 75]

41. L. titusi (Crawford)
36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Terga II-IV punctate; dorsal propodeal surface ruguloso-striolate [Figure 129] to conspicuously striate or reticulate [Figures 127, 130] (never finely and completely striolate as in

[Figure 126]); mesoscutal punctation dense, punctures usually separated by their diameter

or less (punctation obscure and sparse in L. timberlakei [Figure 622], but dorsal propodeal

surface strongly striate. [Figures 623, 624]); vertex between compound eye and lateral

ocellus punctate, punctation similar to that on upper frons [Figure 125]; mite hypopodes,

when present, on anterior surface of tergum I 18

18(17). Lateral propodeal carinae well developed, reaching dorsal surface of propodeum [Figures

127, 128, 130]; dorsal propodeal surface usually strongly sculptured, conspicuously striate

or rugose with striae or rugae reaching posterior margin of dorsal surface [Figures 127,

130] (if not strongly sculptured, lateral carinae very well developed and enclosing propodeal posterior surface as in [Figure 128]); pronotal lateral angle a sharply projecting right

angle [Figure 131] or rounded and obtuse [Figure 537] 19

Lateral propodeal carinae weakly developed, not extending beyond midpoint of posterior

propodeal surface [Figure 129]; dorsal propodeal surface finely ruguloso-striolate [Figures

129, 509]; pronotal lateral angle rounded, obtuse, never a sharply projecting right

angle 25

19( 18). Dorsal surface of propodeum not strongly sculptured [Figure 128], most striae not reaching

posterior margin of dorsal surface; lateral rims of propodeal triangle low but distinct,

enclosing a ruguloso-striolate surface that sharply contrasts with smooth propodeal surface

laterad of triangle [Figure 128]; mesoscutal punctation nearly uniform, most punctures
NUMBER 429 37

separated by a distance greater than their diameter [Figure 131]; metasomal terga conspicuously cloudy, not polished; pronotal lateral angle a sharply projecting right angle

[Figure 131]; a species of the eastern states, found west to Kansas and Oklahoma [Figure

443] 21. L.fuscipenne (Smith)

Dorsal propodeal surface strongly sculptured [Figures 127, 130], striae and rugae reaching

posterior margin of dorsal surface; propodeal triangle weakly defined, surface inside and

laterad of triangle not contrasting in sculpture; mesoscutal punctation noticeably more

dense anteriorly with most punctures separated by the width of their diameter or less

[Figures 613, 739] (punctures obscurely formed in L. timberlakei [Figure 622]); metasomal

terga polished; pronotal lateral angle a sharply projecting right angle or rounded and

obtuse 20

20(19). Tergum I with complete basal hair band, hairs white, short and adpressed [Figure 132];

tegulae translucent, yellow; a western species, found east to Colorado and Texas [Figure

607] 39. L. sisymbrii (Cockerell)

Tergum I without basal hair band [Figure 133]; tegulae brown (yellowish brown in some

specimens of L. timberlakei) 21

132 133

21(20). Head elongate [Figures 134, 734] (length/width ratio 0.88-1.0, x = 0.93); dorsal propodeal

surface shorter than scutellum; mesoscutal punctation moderately coarse [Figures 136,

497]; eastern species occurring west in Canada to British Columbia [Figures 491,

733] 22

Head short [Figures 135, 555] (length/width ratio 0.77-0.89, x = 0.83); dorsal propodeal

surface subequal in length to scutellum; mesoscutal punctation relatively fine [Figures 137,

560, 622]; western species occurring north to southern British Columbia [Figures 531,

554] 23
3 8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

22(21). Punctation of tergum I very sparse centrally, many punctures separated by over 3-4 times

their diameter [Figure 138]; surface of tergum I polished; vertex behind ocelli not

transversely striated; pronotal lateral angle a strongly projecting right angle, [Figure 141]

51. L. zonulum (Smith)

Punctation of tergum I moderately dense centrally, punctures separated by 1-2 times their

diameter [Figure 139]; surface of tergum I dull, granulate; vertex behind ocelli transversely

striated [Figure 140]; pronotal lateral angle obtuse, weakly projecting [Figure 497]

26. L. leucozonium (Schrank)

,138

23(21). Mesoscutal punctation obscurely developed, most punctures separated by 2-3 times their

diameter and indistinctly formed [Figure 142]; posterolateral edge of mesoscutum with

patch of short, dense hairs contrasting with other elongate mesoscutal hairs

40. L. timberlakei, new species

Mesoscutal punctation well developed, punctures distinctly formed, most separated by their

diameter or less [Figures 143, 560]; posterolateral edge of mesoscutum with elongate,

moderately dense hairs similar to other mesoscutal hairs 24

24(23). Posterior propodeal margin sharply truncated [Figure 144]; striae of dorsal propodeal surface

dense [Figure 144]; surface immediately dorsoanteriad of middle coxa smooth, polished

[Figure 146]; pubescence generally white 29.1. olympiae (Cockerell)
NUMBER 429 39

Posterior propodeal margin slightly bowed posteriad [Figure 145]; striae of dorsal propodeal

surface relatively less dense [Figure 145]; surface immediately dorsoanteriad of middle

coxa dull, striolate [Figure 147]; pubescence generally yellowish brown to golden

31. L. pacificum (Cockerell)

jl

\l I SMOOTH

1 ' , 1

 / ; • STRIOLATE

^^^^ 1 *• 1

25(18). Pronotal lateral ridge complete, not interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus [Figure 148] . . 26

Pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, distinctly interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus [Figure

149] 27

26(25). Anterior half of mesoscutum dull, granuloso-punctate; basal half of clypeus conspicuously

granulate, contrasting with polished apical half; wing membrane pale yellowish brown;

hind tibia and tarsus brown 22. L. heterorhinum (Cockerell)

Anterior half of mesoscutum shiny, punctures dense but distinct; clypeus entirely polished;

wing membrane hyaline; hind tibia and tarsus usually pale orange

25. L. lampronotum, new species

27(25). Mesoscutum coarsely granuloso-punctate throughout, punctures not noticeably separated on

central portion of disc [Figure 150]; forewingapex infuscated [Figure 152]; basal abdominal hair bands yellowish white 27. L. manitouellum (Cockerell)

Mesoscutum not granuloso-punctate throughout, punctures separated at least by 1-2 times

their diameter on central portion of disc [Figure 151]; forewing apex not infuscated

[Figure 153]; basal abdominal hair bands white 28
40

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

152 153

28(27). Lateral edge of tergum II very strongly sinuate, often sharply excavated [Figure 154]; head

elongate [Figure 670] 44. L. anhypops, new species

Lateral edge of tergum II weakly sinuate [Figure 155]; head short (similar to [Figure 545])

to moderately elongate [Figure 288] 29

29(28). Head short (similar to [Figure 545]); anterior half of mesoscutum granuloso-punctate,

punctures contiguous; known only from Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico [Figure 485]

37. L. rupticristum, new species

Head moderately elongate [Figure 288]; anterior half of mesoscutum not granuloso-punctate,

many punctures on central portion of anterior half separated by 1 -2 times their diameter

[Figure 293]; occurs in eastern states, Canada west to British Columbia, south to Colorado

and Utah [Figure 287] 5. L. athabascense (Sandhouse)
Key to Lasioglossum Females South of the Mexican Border

1. Acarinarium (glabrous area surrounded by elongate fringe hairs) present on anterior surface

of tergum I [Figures 156, 157] 2

Acarinarium absent, elongate hairs scattered over anterior surface of tergum I [Figure 85]

9

2(1). Glabrous area of acarinarium relatively small [Figure 156] (one species with area conspicuously bilaterally depressed. [Figure 162]); dorsal opening of acarinarium absent [Figure

163] or very narrow (width of opening greatly exceeded by width of lateral hair fringe)

[Figures 156, 162] 3

Glabrous area of acarinarium very large and circular, never bilaterally depressed [Figure

157]; dorsal opening of acarinarium broad, width subequal to or exceeding width of lateral

hair fringe [Figure 157] 5

fc- X

^ i

-. KJ

:

3(2). Head elongate [Figure 158]; pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, distinctly interrupted by

oblique lateral sulcus [Figure 160]; posterior margin of dorsal propodeal surface rounded,

without elevated rim [Figure 523]; mesoscutal pubescence white; from northern Mexico

(Chihuahua, Durango, Nuevo Leon) [Figure 519] 28. L. morrilli (Cockerell)

Head short [Figure 159]; pronotal lateral ridge appearing complete, at most, minutely

notched by oblique lateral sulcus [Figure 161]; posterior margin of dorsal propodeal

surface defined by an elevated rim [Figure 574]; mesoscutal pubescence pale yellowish

brown; species from central and southern Mexico [Figure 569] 4
42 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

4(3). Acarinarium heart-shaped, glabrous area bilaterally depressed and enclosed laterally by a

thick canopy of fringe hairs, narrow dorsal acarinarial opening present [Figure 162] ... .

32. L. pallicorne (Vachal)

Acarinarium circular, glabrous area conspicuously depressed and entirely enclosed by elongate fringe hairs, dorsal acarinarial opening absent [Figure 163]

33. L. parkeri, new species

5(2). Posterior half of dorsal propodeal surface ruguloso-striolate [Figure 164] (rugulae of L.

desertum often weakly developed but head conspicuously short); head short [Figure 166]

6

Posterior half of dorsal propodeal surface smooth, highly polished or alveolate [Figure

165]; head moderately elongate to elongate [Figure 167] 7

.

Sk,

•

•

-,. ;

t, • •

^ j

166 167

6(5). Mesoscutal pubescence orange to pale orange, sharply contrasting with white pubsecence of

pleuron; pronotal lateral ridge nearly complete, very narrowly interrupted by oblique

lateral sulcus (as in [Figure 9]) 23. L. jubatum (Vachal)
NUMBER 429 43

Mesoscutal pubescence white to yellowish white, concolorous with pubescence of pleuron;

pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, obviously interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus (as in

[Figure 10]) 16. L. desertum (Smith)

7(5). Posterior half of dorsal propodeal surface polished and shiny (as in [Figure 266]); supraclypeal

area and basal half of clypeus shiny; from Baja California [Figure 300]

6. L. bajaense, new species

Posterior half of dorsal propodeal surface alveolate and dull [Figure 165]; supraclypeal area

dull, conspicuously granulate; species not known to occur in Baja California [Figures 245,

372] 8

8(7). Mesoscutum appearing entirely granuloso-punctate, obscurely doubly-punctate (larger punctures more noticeable with SEM than with light microscope), smaller punctures relatively

coarse and contiguous on anterior half of disc [Figure 168]; from southern Arizona south

to Honduras [Figure 245] 1. L. acarophilum, new species

Mesoscutum noticeably doubly-punctate under light microscope, smaller punctures fine,

separated by their diameter on anterior half of disc [Figure 169]; from Chiapas to Panama

[Figure 372] 49. L. uyacicola (Cockerell)

9( 1). Posterior half of dorsal propodeal surface smooth, appearing dull (microscopically alveolated)

or highly polished [Figure 170] 10

Posterior half of dorsal propodeal surface roughly granulate, ruguloso-striolate [Figure 171]

to strongly sculptured [Figure 180] 13

10(9). Posterior half of dorsal propodeal surface highly polished, not alveolated [Figure 170]; head

short [Figure 172]; pronotal lateral ridge complete (as in [Figure 9])

3. L. argutum, new species

Posterior half of dorsal propodeal surface dull, microscopically alveolated [Figure 165]; head

elongate [Figures 173, 601]; pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, distinctly interrupted by

oblique lateral sulcus (as in [Figure 10]) 11
44 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

172

11(10). Mesoscutum with elevated median longitudinal ridge near anterior margin [Figure 174];

frons and vertex between lateral ocelli with thick, orange-brown, recurved setae [Figures

174, 723]; clypeus strongly protuberant [Figure 723]; terga IV-V nearly entirely covered

by yellowish, short, adpressed pubescence 48. L. tropidonotum, new species

Mesoscutum without median longitudinal ridge; frons and vertex with simple pale hairs or

with thin, inconspicuous orange-brown setae; clypeus not strongly protuberant; terga IVV at most with usual basal hair bands 12

RECURVED SETAE

174

12(11). Mesoscutum appearing granuloso-punctate throughout as seen through light microscope,

obscurely doubly-punctate with smaller punctures somewhat coarse and contiguous on

anterior half of disc [Figure 175]; clypeus dull, conspicuously punctate with elevated,

longitudinal rugulae 10. L. circinatum (Vachal)

Mesoscutum conspicuously doubly-punctate as seen through light microscope, smaller punctures on anterior half of disc fine, separated by their diameter or less but not contiguous

[Figure 176]; clypeus shiny, moderately punctate, without longitudinal rugulae

36. L. pharum (Vachal)
NUMBER 429 45

13(9). Anterior one-third of forewing along costal edge infuscated, contrasting with hyaline posterior two-thirds [Figure 177]; some species very large (body length: x = 10.0-10.5 mm)

with elongate, narrowly rounded dorsal propodeal surfaces 14

Anterior one-third of forewing not infuscated along costal edge, some species with infuscated

apices [Figure 178] or with entire forewing orange; all smaller species (body length: x =

7.5-9.6 mm) with relatively short, broadly rounded or posteriorly truncated dorsal

propodeal surfaces [Figures 186, 187] (posterior margin acutely pointed in L. transvorsum

[Figure 185]) 18

14(13). Tergum III with two transverse, pale pubescent hair bands [Figure 1]

15. L. crocoturum (Vachal)

Tergum III with usual basal hair band [Figures 132, 133] 15

15(14). Small species (body length 8.4-9.0 mm); anterior surface of tergum I with scattered, elongate

hairs; pronotal lateral angle rounded, weakly projecting; upper portion of pronotal lateral

ridge narrowly rounded, not carinate or flanged 43. L. tricnicos (Vachal)

Large species (body length 9.5-11.9 mm); anterior surface of tergum I with short, adpressed,

laterally directed hairs; upper portion of pronotal lateral ridge strongly carinate and

flanged near oblique lateral sulcus [Figure 405] 16

16(15). Mesoscutum covered with short, dense, nearly adpressed pubescence, hairs pale yellowish

brown 38. L. sandrae, new species

Mesoscutum with elongate, moderately sparse, erect pubescence, hairs dark brown to black

17

17(16). Mesoscutal punctation coarsely granuloso-punctate, punctures contiguous

17. L. eickworti, new species

Mesoscutal punctation relatively fine and sparse, punctures separated by their diameter or

slightly less, not contiguous 24. L. katyae, new species

18(13). Tergum I with complete basal hair band [Figure 194]; tegulae translucent, yellow

39. L. sisymbrii (Cockerell)

Tergum I without basal hair band; tegulae brown 19

19(18). Dorsal propodeal surface strongly reticulate, appearing scabrous [Figure 179] or strongly

striate with broad interspaces between striae [Figure 180]; anterior one-quarter of mesoscutum scabriculous [Figure 181]; pronotal lateral angle a sharply projecting right angle

[Figure 181]; pronotal lateral ridge appearing superficially complete, minutely interrupted

by oblique lateral sulcus [Figure 182]; mesoscutal hairs brown to dark brown 20
46 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Dorsal propodeal surface ruguloso-striolate [Figures 185, 186] or finely striate, interspaces

between striae not exceeding the width of individual striae [Figure 187]; anterior onequarter of mesoscutum punctate to granuloso-punctate, not scabrolose; pronotal lateral

angle obtuse, weakly projecting; pronotal lateral ridge variously developed; mesoscutal

hairs usually pale yellowish brown (dark brown in some L. costale where the pronotal lateral

ridge is obviously interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus as in [Figure 10]) 21

20(19). Dorsal propodeal surface strongly reticulate, appearing scabrous [Figure 179]

35. L. perscabrum, new species

Dorsal propodeal surface strongly striate with broad interspaces between striae [Figure 180]

30. L. orphnaeum, new species

21(19). Pronotal lateral ridge appearing complete, not obviously interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus

[Figures 11, 732]; head elongate [Figure 184] or short [Figure 183] 22

Pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, obviously interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus [Figure

10]; head short 24

22(21). Head short, appearing broader than long (as in [Figure 183])

50. L. xyriotropis, new species

Head elongate, appearing longer than broad [Figure 184] 23

23(22). Posterior margin of dorsal propodeal surface conspicuously "V-shaped" and elevated [Figure

185]; anterior surface of tergum I with patch of short, adpressed hairs

42. L. transvorsum (Vachal)

Posterior margin of dorsal propodeal surface broadly rounded, not elevated [Figure 186];

anterior surface of tergum I with scattered, elongate hairs .. . 4. L. asaphes, new species
NUMBER 429 47

r1

^1

183

k < — ",

1

r1

I

iL

•

•

IEJJ

il 9 -=. al

1

' J

24(21). Terga IV-V entirely covered by pale, short, adpressed pubescence (as in [Figure 1])

8. L. cercothrix, new species

Terga IV-V with usual basal hair bands 25

25(24). Dorsal propodeal surface conspicuously, finely striate, striae nearly linear and separated by

regular interspaces subequal in width to striae [Figure 187]; lateral propodeal carinae well

developed, reaching dorsal propodeal surface [Figure 187] ... . 2. L. aequatum (Vachal)

Dorsal propodeal surface ruguloso-striolate, striae not linear or regularly spaced [Figure

188]; lateral propodeal carinae weakly developed, not reaching dorsal propodeal surface

[Figure 188] 26

26(25). Forewing mostly hyaline, apex infuscated [Figure 152]; mesoscutal hairs pale yellowish

brown 27. L. manitouellum (Cockerell)

Forewing mostly pale orange, apex not noticeably infuscated; mesoscutal hairs pale yellowish

brown to dark brown 14. L. costale (Vachal)
48 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Key to Lasioglossum Males North of the Mexican Border

1. Head, thorax and abdomen metallic blue-green; found along the immediate Pacific coastline

[Figure 583] 34. L. pavonotum (Cockerell)

Head, thorax and abdomen brown to black; distribution variable 2

2(1). Sterna II-IV densely covered on posterior half by short, adpressed hair patches [Figure

189]; pronotal lateral angle a sharply projecting right angle [Figure 190]; species of eastern

United States, west to Kansas and Oklahoma [Figure 443] ... . 21. L. fuscipenne (Smith)

Sterna II-IV without dense, adpressed hair patches; pronotal lateral angle variously developed, usually obtuse and weakly projecting 3

3(2).

1 8 9

Dorsal surface of propodeum strongly sculptured, conspicuously reticulate or striate, welldeveloped rugulae and striae reaching posterior margin of dorsal surface [Figure 191];

sculpturing weakest in L. titusi where striae nevertheless reach posterior margin [Figure

192]); lateral carinae well developed, extending beyond midpoint of propodeal posterior

surface, often reaching dorsal surface [Figures 191, 192] 4

Dorsal surface of propodeum weakly sculptured, ruguloso-striolate, rugulae and striae, at

most, inconspicuously reaching posterior margin of dorsal surface ([Figure 193]; posterior

edge of dorsal surface often smooth, shiny); lateral carinae weakly developed, not extending

beyond midpoint of propodeal posterior surface [Figure 193] 10

4(3). Tergum I with basal hair band [Figure 194]; tegulae translucent, yellow; western species,

found east to Colorado and Texas [Figure 607] 39. L. sisymbrii (Cockerell)

Tergum I without basal hair band [Figure 195]; tegulae brown (yellowish brown in some

specimens of L. timberlakei); distribution variable 5
5(4). Vertex between compound eye and lateral ocellus virtually impunctate, conspicuously less

punctate than frons (as in [Figure 197]); vestiture on sternum V unmodified except for

distinctive fringe of short hairs along posterior sternal edge [Figure 198]; hind tarsi

yellow 41. L. titusi (Crawford)

Vertex between compound eye and lateral ocellus obviously punctate, at most, only slightly

less punctate than frons (as in [Figure 196]); vestiture on sternum V not as above [Figures

201, 205]; tarsi dark brown or yellow 6

6(5). Sternum V with elongate, lateral hair tufts [Figures 201, 202]; clypeus entirely dark, lacking

yellow maculation [Figure 199] 7

Sternum V without elongate, lateral hair tufts [Figures 203, 204]; clypeus with [Figure 200]

or without yellow maculation 8

7(6). Mesoscutal punctures deeply impressed [Figure 560]; marginal hair fringe on posterior edge

of sternum V broadly rounded [Figure 201]; dorsal propodeal surface striate [Figure

559]; retrorse lobe of genitalia greatly reduced, slender [Figure 563]; Pacific coastal area

from British Columbia south to Santa Barbara County, California [Figure 554]

31.L. pacificum (Cockerell)

Mesoscutal punctures weakly impressed [Figure 662]; marginal hair fringe on posterior edge

of sternum V narrowly rounded [Figure 202]; dorsal propodeal surface striate to reticulate

[Figure 624]; retrorse lobe only slightly reduced, slender basally [Figure 625]; southern

Oregon, south along the Pacific coastal area and Sierra Nevada [Figure 554]

40. L. timberlakei, new species
50 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

201 ^fBLW0*^ 202

8(6). Sternum V with median, longitudinal patch of short, dense hairs [Figure 203]; clypeus and

hind basitarsus dark brown; western species from Vancouver Island, south to Idaho and

central California [Figure 531] 29. L. olympiae (Cockerell)

Sternum V without median, longitudinal patch of short, dense hairs, vestiture as in [Figures

204, 205]; clypeal maculation usually present ([Figure 200]; rarely weakly developed to

absent in L. zonulum); hind basitarsus yellow or dark brown 9

9(8). Hind basitarsus yellow; posterior edge of sternum VI with inverted, "V-shaped" depression

bordered by conspicuous, elongate hairs [Figure 204] 26. L. leucozonium (Schrank)

Hind basitarsus dark brown; posterior edge of sternum VI without "V-shaped" depression,

vestiture as in [Figure 205] 51. L. zonulum (Smith)

203 204 205

10(3). Mandibles conspicuously elongate, obviously exceeding distance to opposing clypeal angle

[Figures 206, 209] 11

Mandibles short to moderately elongate, at most, only slightly exceeding distance to opposing

clypeal angle [Figure 207] 16
NUMBER 429 51

11(10). Hind basitarsus yellow to yellowish orange 12

Hind basitarsus dark brown 14

12(11). Pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, obviously interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus (as in

[Figure 10]); northeastern states and eastern Canada, west to Minnesota and Alberta

[Figure 406] 18. L. acuminatum, new species

Pronotal lateral ridge appearing complete, at most, minutely interrupted by narrow sulcus

[Figure 100]; southwestern and western United States [Figure 485] 13

13(12). Head moderately elongate, appearing at least as long as broad ([Figure 208], length/width

ratio 0.88-0.96); sternum V with erect, elongate hair tufts [Figure 325]; known only from

California Channel Islands 9. L. channelense, new species

Head short, appearing broader than long ([Figure 209], length/width ratio 0.82); sternum

V with inconspicuous, suberect hairs; from mainland southern California, Arizona, Nevada,

and Utah [Figure 485] 25. L. lampronotum, new species

14(11). Anterior edge of mesoscutum not elevated from pronotum [Figure 87]; posterior two-thirds

of propodeal dorsal surface smooth, highly polished; eastern United States [Figure 353]

13. L. coriaceum (Smith)

Anterior edge of mesoscutum elevated from pronotum [Figure 90]; posterior two-thirds of

propodeal dorsal surface weakly ruguloso-striolate; western United States and Mexico

[Figures 457, 472] 15

15(14). Posterior edge of sternum V with broadly rounded, weakly produced lateral hair lobes

[Figure 210]; South Dakota to Mexico [Figure 457] ... . 22. L. heterorhinum (Cockerell)

Posterior edge of sternum V with conspicuously rounded, strongly produced lateral hair

lobes [Figure 211]; Arizona (Cochise County) and Mexico [Figure 472]

23. L.jubatum (Vachal)

21 1
52 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

16(10). Sternum V with elongate, erect, lateral hair tufts [Figure 212]; posterior edge of sternum V

never with hair lobes 17

Sternum V without elongate, erect, lateral hair tufts ([Figures 214, 227]; at most with median

rosette of elongate hairs as in L. mellipes [Figure 213]); posterior edge of sternum V with

[Figure 214] or without hair lobes 20

212 213 214

17(16). Head moderately elongate, only slightly wider than long ([Figure 215]; length/width ratio x

= 0.95); antennal flagellum reddish brown beneath, contrasting with darker upper portion;

gonostylus extremely robust, apex broadly triangular [Figure 217]; tarsi dark brown,

northeastern United States to British Columbia, south to Oregon, Colorado and Utah

[Figure 287] 5. L. athabascense (Sandhouse)

Head elongate, width at most subequal to length ([Figure 216]; length/width ratio x = 0.96-

1.02 for three species); antennal flagellum usually uniformly dark (reddish brown ventrally

in some specimens of L. egregium); gonostylus moderately robust, apex narrowly rounded

[Figure 218]; tarsi yellowish orange or dark brown; western United States and Canada,

east to Colorado and Wyoming [Figure 668] 18
NUMBER 429 53

18(17). Hind tarsus yellowish orange; coastal and cismontane California [Figures 695, 696]

46. L. mellipes (Crawford)

Hind tarsus dark brown; widespread in western states and Canada to Colorado and Wyoming

[Figures 682, 708] 19

19(18). Antennal flagellomeres with oval tyli (darkened, sharply delimited areas, contrasting with

rest of flagellomere [Figure 219]); hair tufts on sternum V slightly shorter than those on

sternum IV 47. L. trizonatum (Cresson)

Antennal flagellomeres without tyli [Figure 220]; hair tufts on sternum V appearing subequal

in length to those on sternum IV 45. L. egregium (Vachal)

20(16). Hind tarsus yellow to yellowish orange, contrasting with dark tibia 21

Hind tarsus dark brown, concolorous with tibia 23

21(20). Sternum V with median rosette of elongate, erect hairs [Figure 221]; western species, from

Washington, Oregon, and California [Figures 695, 696] 46. L. mellipes (Crawford)

Sternum V without median rosette, hairs short, suberect, not forming noticeable pattern

[Figure 222]; eastern species, west to Idaho, Utah, and New Mexico [Figure 406] ... . 22

,„.

2 2 1 222

22(21). Head moderately elongate ([Figure 223]; length/width ratio x = 0.93); primarily from

northcentral states, west to Alberta, Idaho, Utah, and New Mexico [Figure 406]

20. L. paraforbesii, new species

Head short ([Figure 224]; length/width ratio x = 0.88); primarily from southern northcentral

and southern Atlantic states [Figure 406] 19. L.forbesii (Robertson)
54 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

23(20). Posterior half of dorsal propodeal surface smooth, entirely lacking striae and rugulae,

moderately dull (microscopically alveolated); posterior edge of sternum V with characteristic, somewhat straight-edged lateral hair lobes [Figure 225]; Arizona (Cochise and Santa

Cruz counties), Mexico [Figure 245] \.L. acarophilum, new species

Posterior half of dorsal propodeal surface ruguloso-striolate, shiny, not noticeably alveolated;

posterior edge of sternum V with conspicuous lateral hair lobes [Figures 226, 227] or lobes

indistinct to absent; distribution variable 24

24(23). Posterior edge of sternum V with conspicuous lateral hair lobes [Figures 226, 227] 25

Posterior edge of sternum V without noticeable lateral hair lobes 26

225 226 227

25(24). Lateral hair lobes on posterior edge of sternum V broadly rounded, moderately elongate,

narrowly separated [Figure 226]; forewing entirely hyaline [Figure 228]; basal half of

clypeus broadly rounded 16. L. desertum (Smith)

Lateral hair lobes on posterior edge of sternum V narrowly rounded, elongate, widely

separated [Figure 227]; apex of forewing infuscated [Figure 229]; clypeus entirely flat. . .

27. L. manitouellum (Cockerell)

228 229
NUMBER 429 55

26(24). Head circular, width slightly exceeding length [Figure 230]; basal half of clypeus conspicuously rounded; mesoscutal punctation sparse on posterior half, many punctures separated

by 1.5-2 times their width 12. L. colatum (Vachal)

Head elongate, appearing longer than broad [Figures 231, 232]; basal half of clypeus rounded

or flat; mesoscutal punctation dense on posterior half, punctures separated by their width

or less 27

230 231 232

27(26). Gonostylus truncate apically [Figure 233]; base of clypeus clearly rounded; apical half of

clypeus virtually impunctate; southern Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and northern Mexico

[Figure 519] 28. L. morrilli (Cockerell)

Gonostylus narrowly rounded apically [Figure 234]; base of clypeus indistinctly rounded to

conspicuously flat; apical half of clypeus with fine but distinct punctures; widespread in

western states, south to southern California and Colorado [Figures 669, 708] 28

28(27). Head elongate ([Figure 231], length/width ratio 0.87-0.96); clypeal maculation present or

absent [Figure 231]; base of clypeus indistinctly rounded . . 44. L. anhypops, new species

Head conspicuously elongate ([Figure 232], length/width ratio 1.0-1.05); clypeal maculation

present [Figure 232]; base of clypeus conspicuously flat 47. L. trizonatum (Cresson)
56 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

2(1).

3(2).

Key to Lasioglossum Males South of the Mexican Border

1. Tergum I with basal hair band, hairs pale, short and adpressed (as in [Figure 194]); dorsal

propodeal surface striate; tegulae translucent, yellow 39. L. sisymbrii (Cockerell)

Tergum I without basal hair band; dorsal propodeal surface ruguloso-striolate to striate;

tegulae yellowish brown to brown 2

Apex and marginal cell of forewing infuscated [Figure 235] 3

Forewing entirely hyaline or, at most, with apex infuscated [Figure 229] 5

Mandibles conspicuously elongate, reaching opposing mandibular base [Figure 236]; pronotal

lateral angle a sharply projecting right angle 17. L. eickworti, new species

Mandibles short, just reaching opposing clypeal angle [Figure 207]; pronotal lateral angle

obtuse, weakly projecting 4

4(3). Sternum V with erect, lateral hair tufts [Figure 237]; posterior edge of sternum V with

inconspicuous lateral hair lobes [Figure 237]; terga IV-VI with usual basal hair bands

43. L. tricnicos (Vachal)

Sternum V without erect, lateral hair tufts [Figure 238]; posterior edge of sternum V with

distinct lateral hair lobes [Figure 238]; terga IV-VI entirely covered by short, pale,

adpressed pubescence ([Figure 1]; hairs worn in some specimens)

15. L. crocoturum (Vachal)

237 238

5(2). Pronotal lateral ridge appearing complete, not obviously interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus

([Figure 9]; minutely notched in L. transvorsum [Figure 11], where posterior margin of

dorsal propodeal surface is conspicuously "V-shaped" and elevated [Figure 185]) 6

Pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, interrupted by lateral oblique sulcus [Figure 10] 12

6(5). Sternum V with erect lateral hair tufts and conspicuously rounded, widely separated lateral

hair lobes on posterior edge [Figure 239]; mandibles elongate, reaching midway between

opposing clypeal angle and opposing mandibular base 23. L.jubatum (Vachal)
NUMBER 429 57

Sternum V with either erect lateral hair tufts or lateral hair lobes on posterior edge but not

both [Figures 240, 241]; mandibles elongate or short 7

7(6). Sternum V with erect lateral hair tufts, often including conspicuously elongate, curled hairs

[Figures 241, 242]; posterior edge of sternum V without conspicuous lateral hair lobes

[Figures 241, 242] 8

Sternum V without erect lateral hair tufts [Figure 240]; posterior edge of sternum V usually

with lateral hair lobes [Figure 241] or with conspicuous hair fringe [Figure 243] 10

239 240

8(7). Pronotal lateral angle a sharply projecting right angle (as in [Figure 190]); dorsal propodeal

surface strongly striate with broad interspaces between striae (as in [Figure 180]); clypeus

without yellow, apical maculation (as in [Figure 199]) ... . 30. L. orphnaeum, new species

Pronotal lateral angle obtuse, weakly projecting; dorsal propodeal surface ruguloso-striolate,

without broad interspaces between striae and rugulae (as in [Figure 193]); clypeus with

yellow, apical maculation [Figure 200] 9

9(8). Anterior surface of tergum I with conspicuous impunctate, hairless areas (as in [Figure

162]); lateral hair tufts on sternum V with extremely elongate, curled hairs [Figure 241];

head short, appearing broader than long ([Figure 571], length/width ratio 0.86-0.95). . .

32. L. pallicome (Vachal)

Anterior surface of tergum I lacking impunctate, hairless areas; lateral hair tufts without

extremely elongate, curled hairs [Figure 242]; head moderately elongate, appearing slightly

longer than broad (length/width ratio 0.91-1.0) 4. L. asaphes, new species

2 4 1 242
58 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

10(7). Posterior half of dorsal propodeal surface entirely smooth, conspicuously shiny and

polished 3. L. argutum, new species

Posterior half of dorsal propodeal surface ruguloso-striolate to striolate, not smooth and

polished 11

11(10). Posterior margin of dorsal propodeal surface "V-shaped" (as in [Figure 185]); head moderately

elongate, appearing at least as long as broad (length/width ratio 0.96-1.04); mandibles

short, just reaching opposing clypeal angle (as in [Figure 207])

42. L. transvorsum (Vachal)

Posterior margin of dorsal propodeal surface broadly rounded; head short, appearing broader

than long ([Figure 209], length/width ratio 0.77-0.92), mandibles moderately elongate,

obviously reaching beyond opposing clypeal angle [Figure 209]

22. L. heterorhinum (Cockerell)

12(5). Posterior half of dorsal propodeal surface entirely smooth, lacking striae and rugulae (as in

[Figure 165]); surface of propodeum dull, obviously alveolated (as in [Figure 165]) .. . 13

Posterior half of dorsal propodeal surface ruguloso-striolate to striolate (as in [Figure 164]);

surface of propodeum shiny, not noticeably alveolated 14

13(12). Anterior half of mesoscutum with median longitudinal ridge (as in [Figure 174])

48. L. tropidonotum, new species

Mesoscutum without median longitudinal ridge 1. L. acarophilum, new species

and

49. L. uyacicola (Cockerell)

14(12). Sternum V with erect, elongate lateral hair tufts [Figure 242] . . 4. L. asaphes, new species

Sternum V without erect, lateral hair tufts [Figures 243, 244] 15

15(14). Posterior edge of sternum V without distinct lateral hair lobes or hair fringe; southwestern

United States and northern Mexico [Figure 519] 28. L. morrilli (Cockerell)

Posterior edge of sternum V with conspicuous lateral hair lobes [Figures 243, 244] 16

16(15). Terga I V-V entirely covered by short, pale, adpressed pubescence (as in [Figure 1 ]); posterior

edge of sternum V with conspicuous hair fringe, fringe not distinctly divided medially into

lateral lobes [Figure 243] 8. L. cercothrix, new species

Terga I V-V with usual basal hair bands; posterior edge of sternum V with distinctly separated

lateral hair lobes [Figure 244] 17

17(16). Posterior edge of sternum V with median rosette of short, dense hairs that expand laterally

into elongate hair lobes [Figure 244] 14. L. costale (Vachal)

243 244
NUMBER 429 59

Posterior edge of sternum V without median rosette of short, dense hairs [Figures 226, 227]

18

18(17). Lateral hair lobes on posterior edge of sternum V broadly rounded, moderately elongate,

narrowly separated [Figure 226]; forewing entirely hyaline; basal half of clypeus broadly

rounded 16. L. desertum (Smith)

Lateral hair lobes on posterior edge of sternum V narrowly rounded, elongate, widely

separated [Figure 227]; apex of forewing infuscated; clypeus entirely flat

27. L. manitouellum (Cockerell)
60 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

1. Lasioglossum acarophilum, new species

FIGURES 14,245-257

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype of L.

acarophilum is deposited in the National Museum

of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. It is

missing the last two tarsomeres of the left hind

leg but is otherwise in good condition. The specimen is labeled

Reef [19]04 Ar[izona]/CRBeidrman Collector/HOLOTYPE Lasioglossum acarophilum R.J. McGinley [red label].

Seventy-eight female and 2 male paratypes are

designated and listed in the "Specimens Examined" section.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet is derived

from the Greek akari (mite) plus phileo (love), a

reference to the association of this species with

phoretic mites.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 245).—Lasioglossum

acarophilum is presently known from southern

Arizona (Cochise and Santa Cruz counties) south

to Honduras. Specimens are not yet known from

the northern Mexican states of Sonora, Chihuahua, and Coahuila.

DIAGNOSIS.—The combination of the elongate

i • i ' i • i • i ' l

0 100 300 500 KILOMETERS

FIGURE 245.—Distribution of Lasioglossum acarophilum.
NUMBER 429 61

head (Figure 246), granuloso-punctate mesoscutum (Figure 251), smooth posterior half of the

dorsal propodeal surface (Figure 250), and the

large first tergal acarinarium (Figure 247) will

distinguish L. acarophilum from all other known

New World Lasioglossum except L. uyacicola. The

latter species occurs with L. acarophilum in Chiapas, Mexico, but extends farther south to Panama (Figure 372). The mesoscutum of both species is actually obscurely doubly-punctate, with

the smaller punctures of L. uyacicola (Figure 727)

being much finer than those of L. acarophilum,

giving the mesoscutum of the former species a

smoother appearance under the light microscope.

In the United States only L. manitouellum has

a similar granuloso-punctate mesoscutum but

lacks an acarinarium. Lasioglossum desertum and

L. jubatum have large tergal acarinaria but differ

from L. acarophilum in having short heads (Figures 381, 473).

The smooth posterior half of the dorsal propodeal surface and the characteristic hair pattern

on the posterior edge of sternum V will distinguish L. acarophilum males from other Lasioglossum except L. uyacicola. The males of these two

species cannot be reliably differentiated at present. See L. uyacicola diagnosis for further details.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 8.2-9.1

mm (x = 8.7, n = 20); (2) wing length 2.3-3.0

mm (x = 2.6, n = 20); (3) abdominal width 2.6-

3.0 mm (x = 2.8, n = 20).

Structure: (4) Head elongate (Figure 246;

length/width ratio 0.92-0.98, x = 0.94, n = 34).

(7) Supraclypeal area somewhat narrowly

rounded, (8) protuberant. (9) Clypeus greatly

projecting below lower margin of eyes, approximately 0.93 of its length below eyes; (11) surface

with median longitudinal sulcation, narrow dorsally, becoming broader towards ventral edge

(sometimes obscured by punctures). (14) Distance between lateral ocelli slightly exceeding

distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (23)

Flagellomere 1 subequal to 2 in length along

dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure 248; (27)

distal keel moderately broad in frontal view,

lateral edges broadly bowed; (28) distal lateral

projections small, triangular; (29) most fimbrial

setae bluntly rounded.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle narrowly obtuse;

(33) pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge sharply edged. (35) Mesoscutal lip weakly bilobed, (36) weakly elevated.

(40) Dorsal surface of propodeum about 0.74 the

length of scutellum and about 1.3 times the

length of metanotum, (41) slightly depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin broadly rounded;

(43) propodeal triangle very weakly defined, median V-shaped area inconspicuous, lateral rims

absent; (44) lateral carinae extending at most to

midpoint of posterior surface. (45) Tibial spur as

in Figure 14.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II very

weakly sinuate, nearly straight.

Sculpture: (47) Face dull granular, with (48)

punctures of two sizes, smaller punctures dense,

separated by less than their diameter, larger

punctures separated by 1 to 2 times their diameter. (51) Supraclypeal area extremely granulate,

(52) punctation nearly uniform, punctures separated by their width laterally, less dense centrally.

(53) Clypeus granulate basally, apical half polished; (54) punctures well formed, separated by

less than their width basally, less dense apically,

apicolateral areas punctate. (56) Mesoscutum

moderately shiny; (57) doubly-punctate (Figure

251), smaller punctures granuloso-punctate, becoming less dense posteriorly, punctures 1-2

widths apart, larger punctures separated by 2-4

times their width (observable at 50 magnifications or more). (58) Scutellum granuloso-punctate medially and along edges, less dense adjacent

to median line, punctures separated by their

width or slightly less. (63) Dorsal surface of propodeum incompletely striolate, striae reaching

posterior margin laterally, extending only to

midpoint of surface medially; (64) surface extensively alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I moderately shiny; (66) punctation fine, moderately

dense, punctures slightly less than their width

apart.
62

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 246-251.—Lasioglossum acarophilum: 246, female head; 247, female acarinarium at

base of tergum I; 248, female labrum; 249, male labrum; 250, female propodeum; 251, female

mesoscutum.
NUMBER 429 63

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane hyaline, obscurely infuscated at apex.

Vestiture: (73) Unlike most species, hairs between vertex and antennae conspicuously simple,

recurved, contrasting with plumose hairs near

antennae, (74) hairs white. (75) Pubescence of

thorax white; (76) mesoscutal hairs sparse, inconspicuous, moderately plumose. (77) Hind tibial

hair color highly differentiated, most hairs white,

dorsal hairs very dark-brown to black basally,

becoming light-brown to almost white distally.

(78) Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum I and

(79) basal hair bands of terga II-IV white. (80)

Acarinarium present (Figure 247), a large circular, glabrous area at base of tergum I, surrounded laterally and dorsolaterally by elongate

fringe hairs, dorsal opening of acarinarium wide,

opening subequal to width of lateral hair fringe

as seen in dorsal view.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 7.8-8.2 mm (x = 8.0, n = 2); (2) wing

length 2.2-2.3 mm (x = 2.2, n = 2); (3) abdominal width 2.0 mm (x = 2.0, n = 2). (4) Head

elongate (length/width ratio 0.91-0.96, x =

0.94, n = 2). (5) Gena subequal to eye in width,

(6) moderately produced posteriorly. (11)

Clypeal surface shallowly depressed ventrally.

Labrum as in Figure 249; (23) distal process

absent; (25) basal area depressed medially; (26)

basal lateral depressions conspicuously developed. (30) Mandible short, just reaching opposing clypeal angle. (53) Clypeus granulate basally,

apical half polished; (54) punctures well formed

and dense basally, very fine and scattered over

apical half. (68) Clypeal maculation present. (69)

Flagellum yellowish orange ventrally. (72) Tarsi

dark, concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 252;

(82) hairs on sternum IV elongate, suberect; (83)

sternum V without conspicuous erect hairs, posterior edge with straight-edged adpressed lateral

hair lobes.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

256; (85) sternum VIII with acute median process. Genitalia as in Figures 253-255; (86) gonobase elongate; (87) gonostylus extremely elonFIGURE 252.—Lasioglossum acarophilum, male sternal vestiture.

gate and slender; (88) retrorse membranous lobe

present, (89) slender, sharply pointed; (90) volsella with moderately prominent lateral lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 257).—Lasioglossum

acarophilum females have been collected from

late March through December. Most records are

from July and August, with a peak in early August. One male was collected in December.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Females (12): Labiatae

33%; Compositae 25%; Convolvulaceae 17%;

Leguminosae 17%. Total: 6 families, 9 genera as

follows:

Helenium 19; *Helianthus 1(1)?; Heterotheca 19; Ipomoea 29;

Leucophyllum 19; Monarda 19; Prosopis 19; Salvia 39; *Solanum 19.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—79 (77$, 26).

GUATEMALA. Duenas, 18 Aug 1947, 4500 ft, C. & P.

Vaurie (29; ANSP).

HONDURAS. Suyapa Morazan, 3 Nov 1965, N.L.H.

Krauss(l9; USNM).

MEXICO. AGUASCALIENTE: 1 Dec 1909, F.C. Bishopp

(29; USNM). CHIAPAS: San Cristobal de las Casas, 1 Aug

1952, E.E. Gilbert. CD. MacNeil (19; UCB). 5 Jul 1956,

J.W. MacSwain (19; UCB), 27 Jul-8 Aug 1957J.A. Chemsak, B.J. Rannells (29; UCB), 5-8 mi SE. 5-10 Jul 1956,

J.W. MacSwain, D.D. Linsdale (29; UCB), 7-39 mi E. 1 Aug
64 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 253-256.—Lasioglossum acarophilum, male: 253, genitalia, ventral view; 254, same,

lateral view; 255, volsella; 256, sterna VII-VIII.

1952, E.E. Gilbert, CD. MacNeil (6?; UCB), 5 mi SE, 5 July

1956, D.D. Linsdale (19; UCB); Comitan, 3 mi W, 14 July

1957, J. Chemsak, P.D. Hurd (19; UCB), 10 mi NW, 9 Aug

1963, F.D. Parker, L.A. Stange (19; UCD). DURANGO: Durango, 7 mi W, 11 Aug 1964, 7000 ft, W.R.M. Mason (19;

CU), 12 mi SW, 24 Jul 1953, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped.

(19; KU). DISTRITO FEDERAL: 5 Aug 1928, 2300 m, G.

Lassmanu (19; CU); Los Reyes, 2 mi SE, 2 Jul 1953, CD.

McNeil (19; UCB). HIDALGO: Epazoyucan, 17 Jun 1961,

8100 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (19; KU); Pachuca, 5 mi

N, 25 Aug 1962, 8750 ft, Ordway, Marston (19; KU);

Tulancingo, 7 mi S, 26 Aug 1962, 7500 ft, Naumann,

Roberts (19; KU); Zimapan, 3 mi E, 28 Sep 1975, 6200 ft,

J. Powell, J. Chemsak, I. Friedlander (19; UCB). JALISCO:
FIGURE 257.—Lasioglossum acarophilum flight records

(outer line = total).

Lagos de Moreno, 15.5 mi NE, 26Jul 1962, 6200 ft, Univ.

Kansas Mex. Exped. (1$; KU); Teocaltiche, 13 Sep 1977,

R.W. Brooks (19; RWB). MEXICO: Temascaltepec, 5.8 mi

SE, 28 Aug 1962, 8100 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (1$;

KU); Tepexpan, 26 Jul 1963, F.D. Parker, L.A. Stange (1?;

UCD); Texcoco, 11 mi W, 20 Jun 1962, D.H. Janzen (19;

UCB); Toluca, 26 mi S, 9 Aug 1954, 7700 ft, Univ. Kansas

Mex. Exped. (19; KU).

MICHOACAN: Patzcuaro, 7.7 km NE, 23 Sep 1976, CD.

George, R.R. Snelling (19; LACM); Zamora, 28 Aug 1954,

E.G. Linsley, J.W. MacSwain, R.F. Smith (19; UCB). NUEVO

LEON: Saltillo, 41 mi S, 7 Sep 1962, 6200 ft, Univ. Kansas

Mex. Exped. (19; KU); San Pedro Iturbide, 32 km W Linares, 6 Oct 1962, H. & M. Townes (19; MSUEL). OAXACA:

Mitla, 26-27 Jul 1962, 5000-5500 ft, H.E. Milliron (29;

CNC); Guelatao, 22 km NE, 18 Sep 1976, CD. George,

R.R. Snelling (19; LACM); Yanhuitlan, 11.4 km N, 20 Oct

1976, 2408 m, CD. George, R.R. Snelling (19; LACM).

PUEBLA: Esperanza, 7 km NW, 11 Jul 1974, 2560 m, J.

Chemsak, J. Powell (19; UCB); Moreles Canada, 7 km SE,

4-5 Jul 1974, J. Chemsak, J. Powell (19; UCB); Tehuacan,

5 Sep 1957, 5381 ft, H.A. Scullen (19; OrS), 6 mi SW, 9

Aug 1980, Schaffner, Weaver, Friedlander (19; TAM). SAN

LUIS POTOSI: San Luis Potosi, 4 Jun 1977, C. Porter, A.

Cerbone (19; KU), 20 mi SW, 25 Jul 1962, 6800 ft, Univ.

Kansas Mex. Exped. (39; KU). TLAXCALA: Apizaco, 8 mi W,

18 Jun 1961, 8200 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (19; KU),

10 mi N, 20 Aug 1962, 7800 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped.

(49; KU); Huamantla, 26 Jul 1956, W.J. Gertch (19;

AMNH). VERACRUZ: Cotaxtla Exp. Sta., Cotaxtla, 24 Jun

1962, D.H. Janzen (19; UCB); Orizaba, 10 mi W, 31 Dec

1940, G.E. Bohart (29; CAS); Rio Blanco, 13 Nov 1957, R.

8c K. Dreisbach (19; MSUEL). ZACATECAS: Tropic of Cancer

6 Highway 45, 24 Dec 1958, Menke & Stange (lcJ; LACM).

UNITED STATES. ARIZONA: Cochise Co.: Carr Canyon,

Huachuca Mts., 15 mi S Sierra Vista, 16 May 1967, 56[00]

-6000 ft, Sternitzkv (19; CNC), 13 Aug 1969, 5200 ft, R.R.

Snelling (19; LACM); Huachuca Mts., 1 Aug 1927, R.H.

Beamer(l9; KU), 30 Aug 1953, G.D. Butler (19; UAT), 12

Jul 1955, G. Butler, F. Werner (19; UAT), 25 Aug 1972,

Zavortink (19; CU), Jul (19; USNM); S.W. Research Station,

28 Aug 1958, H.V. Weems (19; FSCA). Pima Co.: Madera

Canyon, Bogg Springs Campground, 30 Jul 1973, 4500 ft,

R. Coville (19; UCB). Santa Cruz Co.: Canelo, 18 Mar 1967,

65

Sternitzky (19; CNC). County unknown: Reef, 1904, C.R.

Beidrman (79, including holotype, 16; USNM).

2. Lasioglossum aequatum (Vachal)

FIGURES 16, 258-260

Halictus aequatus Vachal, 1904:473 [female].—Cockerel!,

1905a:90[key].

Lasioglossum aequatum.—Moure and Hurd, 1986:59 [catalog]-

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype is in

the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna. At some

time, the head and front legs were broken off

and crudely glued back to the thorax, the vertex

being attached to the pronotum and mesoscutum. The left front leg is missing and the metasomal basal hair bands are matted and dark. The

specimen is labeled

Forrer./Mexico Mazatl[an] 1883. Ill [March] Farrer./aequatus Vach.fal] det. J. Vachal/Hal.[ictus] aequatus Vach.fal]

[handwritten]/LASIOGLOSSUM 9 Lasioglossum aequatum

(Vachal, 1904) Holotypusdes. A.W. Ebmer 1980 [right edge

with red border].

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 258).—Only three female specimens of this Mexican species are

known: the holotype from Mazatlan, one specimen from near Mexico City, and another from

El Chico, Hidalgo.

DIAGNOSIS.—Lasioglossum aequatum is unique

in having the dorsal propodeal surface strongly

and regularly striate, the striae being fine and

reaching the posterior propodeal margin (Figure

259). Other helpful characters are as follows:

head short (similar to Figure 303); mesoscutum

coarsely granuloso-punctate (similar to Figure

336 but punctures not so large); acarinarium

absent; forewing membrane hyaline with infuscated apex. Lasioglossum costale is similar but in

addition to differing in propodeal sculpture has

pale orange wing membranes and less coarse

mesocutal punctation. Lasioglossum crocoturum

and L. cercothrix have metasomal terga IV-V

entirely covered by short, adpressed pubescence

(Figure 1). Lasioglossum tricnicos is superficially

similar but has the anterior costal edge of the

forewing conspicuously infuscated.
66 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

I i I

I ' I ' I ' I ' I ' I

0 100 300 500 KILOMETERS

FIGURE 258.—Distribution of Lasioglossum aequatum (triangle) and L. circinatum (circle).

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 7.9-8.9

mm (x = 8.3, n = 3); (2) wing length 2.2-2.4

mm (x = 2.3, n = 3); (3) abdominal width 2.5-

2.6 mm (x = 2.5).

Structure: (4) Head short (similar to Figure

303; length/width ratio 0.83-0.92, x = 0.88, n

= 3). (7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8)

weakly protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.78 of its length below lower margin of eyes; (11) surface with weakly developed

median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral ocelli subequal to distance between

lateral ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 subequal to 2 in length along dorsal surface. (27)

Labral distal keel broad in frontal view, spoonshaped with conspicuous basal, median groove;

(28) distal lateral projections absent; (29) fimbrial

setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle narrowly obtuse,

sharply pointed; (33) pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus;

(34) lower portion of lateral ridge narrowly

rounded. (35) Mesoscutal lip weakly bilobed, (36)

moderately elevated from pronotum. (40) Dorsal

surface of propodeum about 0.74 the length of

scutellum and about 1.3 times the length of

metanotum, (41) slightly depressed centrally,

(42) posterior margin very broadly rounded; (43)

propodeal triangle weakly defined, median Vshaped elevation inconspicuous; (44) lateral carinae extending to dorsal surface, becoming

weakly defined along dorsal edge. (45) Tibial

spur as in Figure 16.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

weakly sinuate.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely and

uniformly punctate between ocelli and antennae,

punctures contiguous. (51) Supraclypeal area extremely granulate; (52) punctation sparse and

scattered. (53) Clypeus granulate throughout;

(54) punctures separated by their width or less

basally, slightly less dense apically. (56) Mesoscutum moderately shiny; (57) punctures coarse,

contiguous to nearly contiguous throughout, interspaces granulate, becoming obscurely scabrous anteriorly. (58) Scutellum densely punctate

throughout, punctures adjacent to median line

coarse, similar to those of mesoscutum. (63) Dor-
NUMBER 429 67

FIGURES 259, 260.—Lasioglossum aequatum, female: 259,

propodeum; 260, labrum.

sal surface of propodeum (Figure 259) strongly

and regularly striate, striae reaching posterior

margin; (64) surface not noticeably alveolated.

(65) Metasomal tergum I moderately shiny; (66)

surface granuloso-punctate.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane mostly hyaline, marginal cell and apex infuscated.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head pale yellowish brown. (75) Pubescence of thorax pale

yellowish brown; (76) mesoscutal hairs moderately dense and plumose. (77) Hind tibial hair

color differentiated, most hairs white, dorsal

hairs light to dark brown. (78) Anterior hairs of

metasomal tergum I white, (79) basal hair bands

of terga II—IV yellowish white. (80) Acarinarium

absent, elongate hairs scattered over anterior

surface of tergum I.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—3$.

MEXICO. HIDALGO: El Chico, 23 Sep 1938, L.J. Lipovsky (19; KU). MEXICO: Mexico City, 38 mi SE, 26 Apr 1965,

9000-9500 ft, on Senecio sylvaticus, H.V. Weems, Jr. (19;

FSCA). SINALOA: Mazatlan, Mar 1883 (19; NMW).

3. Lasioglossum argutum, new species

FIGURES 18, 261-273

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype is in

the Snow Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence. It is labeled

7 mi SE Nochixtlan Oaxaca Mexico VII [Jul] 5 1953 6700

ft/Univ. Kans.[as] Mex.[ican] Expedition/Nolina Taken ism/

HOLOTYPE Lasioglossum argutum R.J. McGinley [red

label].

One hundred fifteen female paratypes and 33

male paratypes are designated and listed in the

"Specimens Examined" section below.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet is derived

from the Greek argutus (clear or bright), a reference to the conspicuously shiny dorsal propodeal surface characteristic of this species.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 261).—Lasioglossum argutum is presently known from south-central

Mexico from San Luis Potosi south to Oaxaca.

DIAGNOSIS.—Both sexes of L. argutum can be

recognized by the smooth, highly polished posterior one-third to one-half of the dorsal propodeal surface (Figure 266). Lasioglossum bajaense

has a similar propodeum but is known only from

Baja California, has a large metasomal acarinarium (absent in L. argutum), and has relatively

sparse mesoscutal punctation (the mesoscutum of

L. argutum is obscurely doubly-punctate with the

smaller punctures nearly contiguous, Figure

267). Other characters helpful in recognizing

both sexes of L. argutum are the short head

(Figures 262, 263) and the complete pronotal

lateral carina (see Figure 9).

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 7.1-8.6

mm (x = 8.0, n = 15); (2) wing length 2.2-2.5

mm (x = 2.4, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 2.4-

2.7 mm(x = 2.5, n = 15).

Structure: (4) Head short (Figure 262;

length/width ratio 0.84-1.0, x = 0.89, n = 15).
68 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

0 20 0 40 0 MILE S

I I I I I I I . I

I ' I ' I ' I ' I ' I

0 100 30 0 500 KILOMETER S

FIGURE 261.—Distribution of Lasioglossum argutum.

(7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8) moderately protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.73 of its length below lower margin of eyes; (11) surface with distinct median

longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral ocelli subequal to distance between lateral

ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 subequal to

2 in length along dorsal surface. Labrum as in

Figure 264; (27) distal keel extremely broad in

frontal view, widest basally; (28) distal lateral

projections small, narrowly rounded; (29) fimbrial setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle forming right angle;

(33) pronotal lateral ridge appearing complete,

indistinctly notched by obscure oblique lateral

sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge sharply

edged. (35) Mesoscutal lip weakly bilobed, (36)

moderately elevated from pronotum. (40) Dorsal

surface of propodeum about 0.86 the length of

scutellum and about 1.5 times the length of

metanotum, (41) very slightly depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin rounded; (43) propodeal triangle very weakly defined, evident medially as a very low, inconspicuous V-shaped elevation without lateral rims; (44) lateral carinae

extending to about midpoint of posterior surface. (45) Tibial spur as in Figure 18.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

broadly and shallowly concave.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely and

uniformly punctate between ocelli and antennae,

punctures contiguous. (51) Supraclypeal area extremely granulate; (52) punctation very sparse

with few, scattered punctures. (53) Clypeus granulate basally, apical two-thirds polished; (54)

punctures very sparse, obscure, apicolateral areas

virtually impunctate. (56) Mesoscutum moderately shiny; (57) punctation as in Figure 267,

obscurely doubly-punctate, smaller punctures

dense, contiguous or nearly contiguous throughout, larger punctures obscure, separated by 3-4

times their width. (58) Scutellum doubly punctate throughout, smaller punctures separated by

their width or slightly less, larger punctures scattered. (63) Dorsal surface of propodeum (Figure

266) striolate laterally and over basal two-thirds

medially, posterior third smooth and conspicuously polished; (63) posterior half smooth, not
NUMBER 429 69

262

« >

L266

FIGURES 262-267.—Lasioglossum argutum: 262, female head; 263, male head; 264, female

labrum; 265, male labrum; 266, female propodeum; 267, female mesoscutum.
70 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I moderately

shiny; (66) punctation fine, dense, punctures

slightly less than their width apart.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane hyaline.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head white on

gena and near antennae, becoming pale yellowish

brown on vertex. (75) Pubescence of thorax

white; (76) mesoscutal hairs moderately dense

and plumose. (77) Hind tibial hair color weakly

differentiated, most hairs white to pale yellowish

brown, dorsal hairs brown basally. (78) Anterior

hairs of metasomal tergum I and (79) basal hair

bands of terga II—IV white. (80) Acarinarium

absent, elongate hairs scattered over anterior

surface of tergum I.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 6.4-8.7 mm (x = 7.5, n = 10); (2) wing

length 1.9-2.3 mm (x = 2.1, n = 10); (3) abdominal width 1.7-2.0 (x = 1.9, n = 10). (4) Head as

in Figure 263 (length/width ratio 0.82-0.96, x

= 0.89, n = 10). (5) Gena subequal to eye in

width, (6) moderately produced posteriorly. (11)

Clypeal surface shallowly depressed ventrally.

Labrum as in Figure 265; (24) distal process

weakly developed, rounded; (25) basal area depressed medially; (26) basal lateral depressions

conspicuously developed. (30) Mandible moderately elongate, reaching slightly beyond opposing

clypeal angle. (53) Clypeus mostly polished, granulate along basal edge; (54) punctures well

formed, nearly contiguous along basal edge, apical two-thirds virtually impunctate with very fine

widely scattered punctures. (68) Clypeal maculation present (Figure 263). (69) Flagellum entirely

dark or slightly paler ventrally than on dorsum.

(72) Tarsi dark, concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 268;

(82) hairs on sternum IV moderately elongate,

suberect, with conspicuous band of hairs near

posterior edge of sternum; (83) sternum V with

median rosette of short hairs, posterior sternal

edge with conspicuous, broadly rounded lateral

hair lobes that are only weakly separated medially.

Terminalia: Sterna VII—VIII as in Figure

272; (85) sternum VIII with extremely elongate,

FIGURE 268.—Lasioglossum argutum, male sternal vestiture.

slender median process. Genitalia as in Figures

269-271; (86) gonobase moderately elongate;

(87) gonostylus elongate, slender; (88) retrorse

membranous lobe present, (89) slender, somewhat narrowly rounded apically; (90) volsella

with prominent lateral lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 273).—Females

have been collected in most months from February through October, with most records from

late February, late June, and early July. Most

male records are from June but the range is from

February and June through October.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Females (25): Liliaceae

44%; Anacardiaceae 32%; Compositae 12%.

Males (4): Malvaceae 50%; Anacardiaceae 25%;

Compositae 25%. Total: 29 in 6 families, 8 genera as follows:

Baccharis 19; Eupatorium 29; Flourensia 1<5; *Gaura 1(1)9;

Malva 19, 6; *Nolina 11(11)9; *Opuntia 1(1)9; *Schinus 89,

icJ.

MITE ASSOCIATES.—Lasioglossum argutum females do not have an acarinarium on the first

metasomal tergum; however, five (4.4%) of the

114 females examined had hypopodes on this

surface. None of the 31 males examined carried

mites.
NUMBER 429 71

FIGURES 269-272.—Lasioglossum argutum, male: 269, genitalia, ventral view; 270, same, dorsal

view; 271, same, lateral view; 272, sterna VII-VII.

50 r i—i

FIGURE 273.—Lasioglossum argutum flight records.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—149 (116$, 33c5).

MEXICO. DISTRITO FEDERAL: LOS Reyes, 2 km W, 6

Aug 1967, 7500 ft, weeds-Solanaceae, K.W. Brown, M.

Irwin (16*; UCR); Mexico City, 16 Aug 1956, R. & K.

Dreisbach(lc5; MSUEL), 6Jul 1962, D.H.Janzen (16*; UCB),

16 Aug 1956, R. & K. Dreisbach (1?; MSUEL), in plane

cabin, 8 Oct 1947 (16*; USNM). HIDALGO; Actopan, 9 mi

NW, 1 Sep 1962, 6450 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (19,

26: KU); Colonia, 26 Feb 1953, R.C. Bechtel, E.I. Schlinger

(89; UCB); Epazoyucan, 17 Jun 1961, 8100 ft, Univ. Kansas

Mex. Exped. (89, 26; KU); Ixmiquilpan, 5 mi S, 9 Jul 1968,

M. Wasbauer, J. Slansky (19; UCD); Pachuca, 24 Jun 1953,
72 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (1$; KU), 28 Jul 1954, Univ.

Kansas Mex. Exped. (1$; KU), 3 mi W, 24 Jun 1953, Univ.

Kansas Mex. Exped. (6$, 1<J; KU), 4 mi W, 17 Jun 1961,

7900 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (2$; KU), 5 mi W, 25-

26 Aug 1962, 7900 ft, Roberts, Naumann, Ellen, Ordway

(19, 1<5; KU); Pachuca Junction, Route 85, 24 Apr 1965,

8000-8500 ft, H.V. Weems (2$; FSCA); Teteapulco, 6 km

W (25 km E (Otumba), 4 Jul 1948, W.H. Littlewood (19;

UMMZ); Zimapan, 8 Jul 1968, M. Wasbauer, J. Slansky (3<J;

UCD). MEXICO: Temascalapa, 5.8 mi SE, 28 Aug 1962,

8100 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (4$, 26; KU); Teotihuacan 21 Jul 1956, R. & K. Dreisbach (59; MSUEL); Teotihuacan Pyramid, 15-16 Jun 1951, H.E. Evans, P.D. Hurd

(29, 56; UCB, KU), 6 Jul 1951, P.D. Hurd (29, 1(5; UCB);

Texcoco, 11 mi W, 20 Jun 1962, D.H.Janzen (49, 3<5; UCB).

OAXACA: Nochixtlan, 5 mi N, 3 Sep 1966, D.E. Breedlove

(19; CU), 7 mi SE, 5 Jul 1953, 6700 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex.

Exped. (119, includes Holotype; KU), 10 mi SE, 27 Jun

1961, 7100 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (1<J; KU); Yanhuitlan, 11.4 km N, 20 Sep 1976, 2408 m, CD. George,

R.R. Snelling(39; LACM). PUEBLA: Azumbilla, 1.3 mi E, 16

Jul 1965, 6700ft, C.L. Hogue(l9; LACM); MorelosCanada,

7 km SE, 4-5Jul 1974,J. Chemsak.J. Powell (19; UCB), 14

km NE, 10 Jul 1974, J. Chemsak, E.G. Linsley, J. Linsley

(19; UCB); Puebla, 51 mi E, 7 Jun 1956, 6800 ft, H.A.

Scullen (19; OrS); San Hipolito, 5 Jul 1962, D.H.Janzen

(49; UCB); Tehuacan, 23 Jun 1951, H.E. Evans, P.D. Hurd

(19, 26; UCB, KU), 11 mi NE, 7 Jun 1956, 6700 ft, H.A.

Scullen (19; OrS). QUERETARO: Queretaro, 41 mi N, 3 Oct

1963, 6500 ft, Scullen & Bolinger (39; OrS). SAN LUIS

POTOSI: San Luis Potosi, 20 mi SW, 25 Jun 1962, 6800 ft,

Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (19; KU). VERACRUZ: Perote, 5

mi SW, 29 Feb 1972, F. Parker, D. Miller (369, 6<5; USU).

UNSPECIFIED LOCALITY: C.F. Baker (19; USNM).

4. Lasioglossum asaphes, new species

FIGURES 19, 242, 274-280, 282-286

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype of

Lasioglossum asaphes is deposited in the National

Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. The specimen is labeled

MEXICO, Chis. [Chiapas] SanCristobal [de] las Casas, VII

[July]-!7-21-[19]64 Paul J. Spangler/HOLOTYPE Lasioglossum asaphes R.J. McGinley [red label].

The holotype is missing the mid left tibia and

tarsus but otherwise is in good condition. Sixty

female and six male paratypes are listed in the

"Specimens Examined" section.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet is taken

from the Greek asaphes (obscure, baffling), alluding to the difficulty in distinguishing this somewhat generalized species.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 274).—Lasioglossum

asaphes is presently known from 61 females and

FIGURE 274.—Distribution of Lasioglossum asaphes.
NUMBER 429 73

six males. It occurs in Mexico from Sinaloa and

Durango south to Chiapas.

DIAGNOSIS.—The combination of the entirely

granuloso-punctate mesoscutum (Figure 279;

not contiguously coarse as in L. cercothrix (Figure

313) and L. aequatum), the ruguloso-striolate

dorsal propodeal surface (Figure 278), the absence of a metasomal acarinarium and lack of

.. •-* ;

)• V'1

FIGURES 275-279.—Lasioglossum asaphes: 275, female

head; 276, female labrum; 277, male labrum; 278, female

propodeum; 279, female mesoscutum.
74 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

conspicuous infuscation along the anterior edge

of the forewing (as in L. crocoturum, L. tricnicos

and L. eickworti, Figure 235) will distinguish the

females of L. transvorsum, L. asaphes, L. xyriotropis, L. costale, and L. manitouellum from other

New World Lasioglossum. Lasioglossum transvorsum differs from the above species in having an

elongated, V-shaped posterior propodeal margin

(Figure 650) and characteristic adpressed hair

patches on the anterior surface of tergum I.

Lasioglossum asaphes and L. xyriotropis differ from

the latter three species in having a complete

pronotal lateral carina (not distinctly interrupted

as in Figure 281). The pronotal carina of L.

xyriotropis is obviously complete (Figure 732),

whereas that of L. asaphes appears to be almost

interrupted by a deep, oblique, lateral sulcus

(Figure 280). Furthermore, the head of L. xyriotropis is shorter than that of L. asaphes and the

clypeus of the former species is strongly granulate throughout (apical half shiny in L. asaphes).

Males of L. asaphes are similar to the females

in pronotal structure and propodeal sculpture.

They have erect hair tufts on the lateral edges

of sternum V (Figure 242). Among Mexican

species, similar hair tufts are found elsewhere in

males of L. tricnicos and L. pallicorne. Lasioglossum tricnicos males have the anterior edge of the

forewing conspicuously infuscated (hyaline in L.

asaphes), and the sternal hair tufts of L. pallicorne

males include some hairs that are conspicuously

elongate and curled (Figure 576). Males of L.

xyriotropis are not known.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 8.2-9.5

mm (x = 9.0, n = 15); (2) wing length 2.6-2.9

mm (x = 2.7, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 2.6-

3.0 mm (x = 2.8, n = 15).

Structure: (4) Head elongate (Figure 275;

length/width ratio 0.85-1.0, x = 0.96, n = 15).

(7) Supracylpeal area evenly rounded, (8) moderately protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.87 of its length below lower margin of eyes; (11) surface with obscure median

longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral ocelli slightly exceeded by distance between

lateral ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 subequal to 2 in length along dorsal surface. Labrum

280 !

1

I

281

m

r

• m

M

• 1 L

k

mm»»'

FIGURES 280, 281.—Female pronota: 280, L. asaphes; 281,

L. costale.

as in Figure 276; (27) distal keel very broad in

frontal view, spoon-shaped, with conspicuous

basal median groove; (28) distal lateral projections extremely well developed, sharply projecting (as in L. bajaense); (29) fimbrial setae acutely

pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle narrowly obtuse;
NUMBER 429 75

(33) pronotal lateral ridge appearing complete,

obscurely notched by narrow oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge sharply

edged near oblique sulcus, becoming narrowly

rounded ventrally. (35) Mesoscutal lip very

weakly bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from

pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of propodeum

about 0.88 the length of scutellum and about 1.7

times the length of metanotum, (41) depressed

centrally, (42) posterior margin broadly

rounded; (43) propodeal triangle very weakly

defined laterally, evident medially as an inconspicuous V-shaped elevation with sharp-edged

lateral rims, fading towards metanotum; (44) lateral carinae extending beyond midpoint of posterior surface, obscurely reaching dorsal surface.

(45) Tibial spur as in Figure 19.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

weakly sinuate.

Sculpture: (47) Face moderately shiny, (48)

densely and uniformly punctate between ocelli

and antennae, punctures contiguous. (51) Supraclypeal area moderately granulate with small polished central area; (52) punctures separated by

1-2 times their width laterally, impunctate centrally. (53) Clypeus granulate basally, apical half

polished; (54) punctures obscure basally, separated by less than their width, larger and less

dense on apical half. (56). Mesoscutum moderately shiny; (57) punctation as in Figure 279,

punctures extremely dense and contiguous

throughout, becoming granuloso-punctate anteriorly. (58) Scutellum densely punctate to granuloso-punctate with small but conspicuous impunctate areas adjacent to median line. (63) Dorsal surface of propodeum (Figure 278) very

strongly ruguloso-striolate laterally, becoming

rugulose medially, striae and rugulae reaching

posterior margin; (64) surface obscurely alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I moderately

shiny; (66) punctation fine, extremely dense,

punctures nearly contiguous.

Coloration. (71) Wing membrane mostly hyaline, apex lightly infuscated.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head pale yellowish brown. (75) Pubescence of thorax mostly

pale yellowish brown, more brownish on mesoscutum and scutellum; (76) mesoscutal hairs

moderately dense and plumose. (77) Hind tibial

hair color differentiated, ventral and lateral hairs

white, dorsal hairs brown to dark brown. (78)

Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum I white, (79)

basal hair bands of terga II-IV yellowish white.

(80) Acarinarium absent, elongate hairs scattered

over anterior surface of tergum I.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 7.3-9.0 mm (x = 8.0, n = 7); (2) wing

length 2.2-2.5 mm (x = 2.3, n = 7); (3) abdominal width 1.9-2.2 mm (x = 2.1, n = 7). (4) Head

elongate (length/width ratio 0.91-1.0, x = 0.98,

n = 7). (5) Gena slightly wider than eye, (6)

moderately produced posteriorly. (11) Clypeal

surface shallowly depressed ventrally. (23) Unlike most species, flagellomere 1 relatively long

compared to flagellomere 2 (ratio 1:2 approximately 0.90). Labrum as in Figure 277; (24) distal

process very weakly developed, rounded; (25)

basal area depressed medially; (26) basal lateral

depressions conspicuously developed. (30) Mandible short, just reaching opposing clypeal angle.

(53) Clypeus granulate basally, apical two-thirds

polished; (54) punctures well-formed, nearly contiguous basally, apical two-thirds with large and

small, widely scattered punctures. (68) Clypeal

maculation present. (69) Flagellum entirely dark.

(72) Tarsi dark, concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 242;

(82) hairs on sternum IV suberect, moderately

elongate, becoming elongate laterally; (83) sternum V with median rosette of short hairs that

abruptly become elongate and erect laterally,

posterior edge of sternum with widely spaced

lateral hair lobes.

Terminalia: Sterna VII—VIII as in Figure

285; (85) sternum VIII with truncated, semicircular median process. Genitalia as in Figures

282-284; (86) gonobase moderately elongate;

(87) gonostylus elongate, moderately broad, apex

broadly rounded; (88) retrorse membranous lobe

present (89) moderately broad (unlike other species except L. tranvorsum, apex of gonocoxite

near base of retrorse lobe with moderately long,

medially directed membranous flap); (90) volsella

with prominent lateral lobe.
76 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 282-285.—Lasioglossum asaphes, male: 282, genitalia, ventral view; 283, same, dorsal

view; 284, same, lateral view; 285, sterna VII—VIII.

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 286).—Females of

L. asaphes have been collected from late March

to early November, with most records from late

July (the November records are from Oaxaca).

Males have been collected in July and August.

FLOWER RECORDS.—One pollen-laden female

taken from Penstemon gentianoides in Oaxaca,

Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—67 (61$, 66).

MEXICO. CHIAPAS: San Cristobal de las Casas, 2 Aug

1956, J.W. MacSwain, D.D. Linsdale (19; CAS), 17-21 Jul

25 r

15 -

5 -

M

-

n r-n rQ TOTAL

—I—'—1—'—f—1

AMJJASO N

FIGURE 286.—Lasioglossum asaphes flight records.
NUMBER 429 77

1964, P.J. Spangler (19; USNM), 7 mi E, 1 Aug 1952, E.E.

Gilbert, CD. MacNeil (1$; UCB), 8 mi SE, 10 Jul 1956 (29;

UCB, CAS), 8-9 mi E, 31 Jul-5Aug 1957, J.A. Chemsak,

B.J. Rannells (29; CAS, UCB), 10 mi NE, 13 May 1969,

7500 ft, HJ. Teskey (19; CNC). DISTRITO FEDERAL: Mexico

City, 8 mi W, 15 Jul 1953, 9050 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex.

Exped. (1(3; KU). DURANGO: Buenos Aires, 10 mi W La

Ciudad, 21 Apr-9 May, 1961, Howden & Martin (39; CNC);

Durango, 21 mi W, 18 Jul 1964, 7800 ft, J.A. Chemsak (19;

UCB), 30 mi W, 6 Jun 1964, 7500 ft, W.R.M. Mason (39;

CNC); El Salto, 10 mi W, 19 Jun 1964, 9000 ft, W.R.M.

Mason (19; CNC); La Ciudad, 3 mi W, 17 Aug 1972, 8700

ft, MacNeill & Powell (19; UCB), 8 mi W, 2 Aug 1964, 8700

ft,J. Powell (19; UCB); Las Adjuntas, 1 Jul 1952, J.D. Lattin

(19; UCB); Tepalcates, 30 mi W Durango, 4-8 Aug 1972,

black & white lights, 8400 ft, J. Powell, D. Veirs, CD.

MacNeill (19; UCB). HIDALGO: El Chico, Pachuca, 11 Jul

1937, Mead & Embury (19; KU), 23 Sep 1938, L.J. Lipovsky

(19; KU). JALISCO: N slopes Nevado de Colima, pine-fir

above Piedra Ancha, 31 Mar 1951, 2700 m, Hoover (19;

UMMZ).

MEXICO: Agua Bendita, 2 Aug 1962, 9700 ft, H.E. Evans

(29; MCZ); Amecameca, 7.5 mi SE, 1 Jul 1961, 9600 ft,

G.W. Byers (16; KU); Popocatepetl, W slope, 5 Jul 1951,

9600 ft, P.D. Hurd (19; UCB), 31 Mar 1959, 10,000 ft,

H.E. Evans (19; CU); Toluca, 15.5 mi E, 6 Jul 1961, 9500

ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (39, 16*; KU), 6 Aug 1963,

Byers & Naumann (19; KU), 16 mi E, 31 Jul 1962, 9500 ft,

Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (129, lcJ; KU), 18 km SW, 7 Sep

1975, B. Villegas (29, UCD). MORELOS: Lagunas de Zempoala, 11 Aug 1962, 9200 ft, H.E. Evans (19; MCZ). OAXACA: Guelatao, 22 km NE, 19 Sep 1976, on Penstemon

gentianoides, CD. George, R.R. Snelling (19; LACM); Oaxaca, 20 Jul 1937, Mead & Embury (19; KU); Sierra Juarez,

76 mi S Tuxtepec, 6 Nov 1963 (39; KU). PUEBLA: Mexico

City, 40 mi E, 7 Sep 1957, 9900 ft, H.A. Scullen (29; OrS);

Puebla, 25 mi W, 24 Jun 1961, D.H. Janzen, (19; UCB); San

Martin Texmelucan, 15 mi NW, 26 Jul 1963, Naumann &

Willis (69; KU). SINALOA: Guadalupe de Los Reyes, 20 mi

E, 22 Aug 1963, F.D. Parker, L.A. Stange (19; UCD).

UNCERTAIN LOCALITY: Prto. de las Cruces, 1 Aug 1962,

10,000 ft, H.E. Evans (2<J; MCZ).

5. Lasioglossum athabascense (Sandhouse)

FIGURES 20, 287-299

Halictus athabascensis Sandhouse, 1933:78 [male, female].—

Brittain and Newton, 1934:262 [flower records].

Lasioglossum athabascense.—Michener, 1951:1106 [Nearctic

catalog].—Mitchell, 1960:340 [key, redescription, locality

data, flower records].—Knerer and Atwood, 1962:162

[locality data, flower records, Ontario].—Hurd, 1979:

1957 [Nearctic catalog].—Hansen and Osgood, 1983:150

[flower records: Rubus].

TYPE MATERIAL.—The male holotype is labeled

70 mi. up Athabasca R[iver] Alta (AIberta]/Mer[ritt] Cary

Collector/Type No. 44882 U.S.N.M. [red label]/Halictus

athabascensis Sandhouse Type [handwritten].

The holotype is in excellent condition and is

in the National Museum of Natural History,

Smithsonian Institution. Sandhouse designated

an allotype and 38 paratypes (15 females, 23

males). The paratypes are in the collections of

the National Museum of Natural History

(NMNH; including allotype), University of California, Riverside, and the Canadian National

Collection. One female paratype from Kaslow,

British Columbia, was misassociated in the original series and is actually a specimen of L. egregium

(Vachal).

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 287).—This transcontinental species, which ranges from Nova Scotia

and Prince Edward Island to the Pacific Coast,

has the most northern known distribution of

New World Lasioglossum. In the West it ranges

from Fort Simpson, Northwest Territories

(61° 46' north latitude) south through the Cascade Range to Oregon and through the Rocky

Mountains to Colorado and Utah. The most

southern known eastern localities are in southern

Pennsylvania. Hurd (1979), based on Mitchell

(1960), reported L. athabascense from Ohio and

south to North Carolina. Mitchell's records from

Virginia and North Carolina are most likely

based on misidentifications of L. coriaceum and

L. forbesii, sensu lato.

DIAGNOSIS.—Females of this nondescript species are best characterized by the following character combination: acarinarium absent (elongate

hairs scattered over anterior surface of metasomal tergum I); dorsal surface of propodeum irregularly striolate to rugulose (Figure 292); head

moderately short (Figure 288, length/width ratio

0.92-0.97, x = 0.95, n = 14, Fort Simpson,

N.W.T.; 0.94-0.98, x = 0.96, n = 20, Ithaca,

N.Y.).
78 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 287.—Distribution of Lasioglossum athabascense.

In the central and eastern portions of its range,

L. athabascense females are commonly confused

with those of L. coriaceum and L. forbesii (sensu

lato). The presence of an acarinarium in the

latter two species (Figures 72, 407-409) easily

separates them from L. athabascense. Another

common eastern species, L. fuscipenne, also lacks

an acarinarium but can be immediately identified

by its distinctive propodeum that is truncated

posteriorly and uniquely sculptured (Figure

448). In the West the diagnostic character combination will separate L. athabascense from other

Lasioglossum except for L. manitouellum, L. lampronotum, L. colatum, and L. anhypops. L. manitouellum is easily differentiated by its granulosopunctate mesoscutum (Figure 510). The conspicuously wide head of L. lampronotum (Figure 486),

the deeply excavated lateral margin of metasomal tergum II of L. anhypops (Figure 154), and

the short, adpressed hair patches on metasomal

tergum I of L. colatum (Figure 84) will readily

distinguish these species from L. athabascense.

Lasioglossum athabascense males can be recognized by the distinctive hair pattern on sternum

V (Figure 294): from the median line, short hairs

gradually and evenly increase in length to form

elongate lateral hair tufts. Other Lasioglossum

males in the United States having similar hair

tufts are L. egregium and L. mellipes, which differ

from L. athabascense by having elongate heads

(Figures 684, 698; the head of L. athabascense is

short and rounded, Figure 289). In eastern

United States L. athabascense males are often

confused with L. forbesii and L. paraforbesii, but

the yellow tarsi of the latter two species versus

the dark tarsi of L. athabascense will easily differentiate these forms.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 8.6-

10.7 mm (x = 9.6, n = 20); (2) wing length 2.6-

3.1 mm (x = 2.8, n = 20); (3) abdominal width

2.7-3.3 mm (x = 3.0, x = 20).

Structure: (4) Head moderately short (Figure

288; length/width ratio 0.88-1.0, x = 0.94, n =

34). (7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8)
NUMBER 429 79

FIGURES 288-293.—Lasioglossum athabascense: 288, female head; 289, male head; 290, female

labrum; 291, male labrum; 292, female propodeum; 293, female mesoscutum.
80 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

moderately protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting

approximately 0.74 its length below lower margin of eyes, (11) median longitudinal sulcation

weakly developed to absent. (14) Distance between lateral ocelli subequal to distance between

lateral ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1

slightly shorter than 2 along dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure 290; (27) distal keel narrow,

parallel-sided in frontal view; (28) distal lateral

projections well developed, triangular; (29) fimbrial setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle narrowly obtuse;

(33) pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge sharply edged. (35) Mesoscutal lip weakly bilobed, (36) moderately elevated. (40) Dorsal surface of propodeum about

0.88 the length of scutellum and about 1.4 times

the length of metanotum, (41) slightly depressed

centrally, (42) posterior margin broadly

rounded; (43) propodeal triangle weakly defined,

median V-shaped portion inconspicuous to

weakly elevated, lateral rims absent; (44) lateral

carinae extending to midpoint of posterior surface or only slightly beyond. (45) Tibial spur as

in Figure 20.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

weakly sinuate.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely punctate below ocelli, punctures contiguous, becoming larger and less dense near antennae. (51)

Supraclypeal area usually moderately granulate

(polished towards center in some specimens), (52)

punctation nearly uniform, punctures 1-2 times

their width apart laterally, becoming sparsely

punctate centrally. (53) Clypeus granulate basally

and most of median area to apex, polished laterally; (54) punctures well formed basally, separated by less than their width, becoming larger,

obscure and less dense apically, apicolateral areas

largely impunctate. (56) Mesoscutum moderately

shiny; (57) punctation as in Figure 293, punctures separated by their width or less laterally

and anteriorly (often contiguously punctate

along anterior edge), becoming more sparsely

punctate centrally, punctures separated by 1-4

times their width. (58) Scutellar punctation

nearly uniform, punctures finer and less dense

than those of central area of mesoscutum. (63)

Dorsal surface of propodeum variable in sculpture, irregularly striolate to rugulose (Figure

292); (64) surface smooth, not alveolated. (65)

Metasomal tergum I moderately shiny; (66)

punctation fine, moderately dense, punctures 1-

1.5 times their width apart.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane very light

yellowish brown.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head pale yellowish brown. (75) Pubescence of thorax mostly

pale yellowish brown, white on pronotal lateral

angle, pronotal lobe and metanotum; (76)

mesoscutal hairs moderately sparse and plumose.

(77) Hind tibial hairs concolorous, yellowish

brown. (78) Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum

I white to pale yellowish brown, (79) basal hair

bands of terga II—IV white to yellowish white;

(80) acarinarium absent, elongate hairs scattered

over anterior surface of tergum I.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 7.4-9.2 mm (x = 8.1, n = 20); (2) wing

FIGURE 294.—Lasioglossum athabascense male sternal vestiture.
NUMBER 429 81

length 2.1-2.7 mm (x = 2.4, n = 20); (3) abdominal width 2.0-2.5 mm (x = 2.2, n = 20). (4)

Head as in Figure 289 (length/width ratio 0.91-

1.0, x = 0.95, n = 20). (5) Gena subequal to eye

in width, (6) moderately produced posteriorly.

(11) Clypeal surface shallowly depressed ventrally. Labrum as in Figure 291; (24) distal process absent; (25) basal area depressed medially;

(26) basal lateral depressions very weakly developed, inconspicuous, nearly flat areas. (30) Mandible short, just reaching opposing clypeal angle.

(53) Clypeus polished; (54) punctures well

formed along basal edge, becoming very fine and

scattered over apical two-thirds. (68) Clypeal

maculation present (Figure 289). Flagellum pale

yellowish orange ventrally, contrasting strongly

with dark dorsal surface. (72) Tarsi dark, concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 294;

(82) hairs on sternum IV dense, elongate, erect;

(83) sternum V with median rosette of moderately short, erect hairs that gradually become

longer laterally to form erect lateral hair tufts.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

298; (84) unlike most species, median process of

sternum VII relatively broad; (85) sternum VIII

FIGURES 295-298.—Lasioglossum athabascense, male: 295, genitalia, ventral view; 296, same,

dorsal view; 297, gonostylus; 298, sterna VII-VIII.
82 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

with short, narrowly rounded median process.

Genitalia as in Figures 295-297; (86) gonobase

moderately elongate; (87) gonostylus extremely

broad, apex broadly triangular; (88) retrorse

membranous lobe present, (89) moderately

broad, tapering apically; (90) volsella with very

prominent lateral lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 299).—Females of

L. athabascense have been collected from April

through early October, with most records from

late April through July. Most males have been

collected in late August, with records extending

from July to October.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Females (58): Rosaceae

47%; Cruciferae 16%; Compositae 12%; Salicaceae 12%. Males (3): Compositae 67%; Balsaminaceae 33%. Total: 61 in 11 families, 18 genera

as follows:

Aster 1(5; Barbarea 79; *Brassica 2(1)9; Chrysothamnus 19;

Eupatorium 16; Hackelia 19; Impatiens 16; Inula 29; Melilotus

29; Penstemon 29; Pyrus 19; *Rubus 25(18)9; Salix 79; Spiraea

19; Tamarix 19; Taraxacum 49; Vaccinium 19; Viola 19.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—361 (279$, 82<J).

10

FIGURE 299.—Lasioglossum athabascense flight records

(outer line = total).

CANADA. ALBERTA: Athabasca River, 70 mi up, Beverly, Bilby, Calgary, 20 mi W, Edmonton, Evansburg, Fawcett, McMurray, Valleyview, Wabamun, Waterton, Waterways. BRITISH COLUMBIA. Abbotsford, Deroche, Fort Nelson, Hazelton, Kaslo, Manning Park, Mara, Nelson, Osoyoos, Salmon Arm, Steelhead Terrace. MANITOBA: Aweme,

Teulon, Treesbank, Wanless. NEW BRUNSWICK: Fredericton, Saint John, 50 mi E Maine border on Route 1. NORTHWEST TERRITORIES: Fort Simpson; Fort Smith. NOVA SCOTIA: Kings County; Smith's Cove; Truro. ONTARIO: Algon

Park; Belleville; Black Sturgeon Lake; Donset, Wren Lake:

Kenora, 15-19 SE; Lake Superior; MacDiarmid; Moose

Factory; Morpeth, S of (on Lake Erie); One Sided Lake;

Ottawa; Penage Lake; Quetica Park; Toronto. PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND: Souris. QUEBEC: Andreville; Cap Rouge; Forestville; Laniel; Montreal. SASKATCHEWAN: above Grand

Rapids; Waskesiu.

UNITED STATES. COLORADO: Delta Co.; Garfield Co.;

Routt Co. CONNECTICUT: Litchfield Co.; Tolland Co. IDAHO:

Bonner Co.; Clearwater Co.; Valley Co. MAINE: Washington Co.

MASSACHUSETTS: Essex Co.; Middlesex Co. MICHIGAN: Cheboygan Co.; Chippewa Co.; Emmet Co.; Houghton Co.; Keweenaw

Co.; Mackinac Co.; Wayne Co. MINNESOTA: Clearwater Co.;

Cook Co.; Hennepin Co.; Roseau Co. MONTANA: Flathead Co.

NEW HAMPSHIRE: Grafton Co.; Strafford Co. NEW YORK:

Clinton Co.; Cortland Co.; Erie Co.; Essex Co.; Greene Co.;

Tioga Co.; Tompkins Co. NORTH DAKOTA: Cass Co. OREGON:

Linn Co. PENNSYLVANIA: Allegheny Co.; Carbon Co.; Cumberland Co.; Dauphin Co.; Lehigh Co.; Wyoming Co. UTAH: BOX

Elder Co.; Cache Co. VERMONT: Addison Co.; Windsor Co.

WASHINGTON: King Co.; Island Co.; Pend Oreille Co.; Stevens

Co. WISCONSIN: Burnett Co.; Clark Co.; Dane Co.; Manitowoc

Co.; Milwaukee Co.; Polk Co.; Price Co. WYOMING: Teton Co.

6. Lasioglossum bajaense, new species

FIGURES 21, 300-301

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype is labeled

MEX.[ico], B.[aja] California] Sur:trail, LaBurrera-LaLaguna, Sierra de LaLaguna, 850 m.[eters] 28-VIII [August]-^ 19]77 coll.[ector] R.R. Snelling/HOLOTYPE Lasioglossum bajaense R.J. McGinley [red label].

The holotype is in excellent condition except

for missing the fifth tarsomere of the right hind

leg. It is deposited in the Los Angeles County

Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, California.

Two female paratypes, also from La Laguna,

Baja California, are in the California State Collection of Arthropods, Sacramento, California,
NUMBER 429 83

and in the collection of the National Museum of

Natural History, Smithsonian Institution.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 300).—Lasioglossum bajaense is presently known from only three females

collected from La Laguna, Baja California, in

1977 and 1979.

DIAGNOSIS.—The smooth, highly polished

posterior half of the dorsal propodeal surface will

distinguish L. bajaense from all other New World

Lasioglossum except L. argutum (smooth propodeal surfaces in other species are dull, not shiny).

Along with differences in distribution (Figures

261, 300) these two species can be differentiated

by the presence of a large metasomal acarinarium

in L. bajaense (similar to that of L. uyacicola,

Figure 728). Lasioglossum argutum lacks an acarinarium and is a much smaller bee (length 7.1-

8.6, x = 8.0 vs. 8.2-9.2, x = 8.8).

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 8.2-9.2

mm (x = 8.8, n = 3); (2) wing length 2.5-2.8

mm (x = 2.7, n = 3); (3) abdominal width 2.5-

2.8 mm (x = 2.7, n = 3).

Structure: (4) Head moderately short (appearing slightly shorter than that of L. athabascence, Figure 288; length/width ratio 0.88-0.92,

x = 0.91, n = 3). (7) Supraclypeal area evenly

rounded, (8) moderately protuberant. (9)

Clypeus projecting approximately 0.71 of its

length below lower margin of eyes; (11) median

longitudinal sulcation apparently absent, possibly

obscured by punctation. (14) Distance between

lateral ocelli subequal to distance between lateral

ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 subequal to

2 in length along dorsal surface. Labrum as in

Figure 301; (27) distal keel broad in frontal view,

spoon-shaped with conspicuous basal median

groove; (28) distal lateral projections extremely

well developed, sharply projecting as in L.

asaphes; (29) fimbrial setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle moderately obtuse;

(33) pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge narrowly rounded. (35)

Mesoscutal lip very weakly bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of propodeum about 0.82 the length of

4 0 0 MILE S

I I I

I ' I ' I ' I ' I ' I

0 100 300 500 KILOMETERS

FIGURE 300.—Distribution of Lasioglossum bajaense (square), L. orphnaeum (triangle), L. perscabrum (circle), and L. tropidonotum (asterisk).
84 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 301.—Lasioglossum bajaense, female labrum.

scutellum and about 1.5 times the length of

metanotum, (41) very slightly depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin rounded; (43) propodeal triangle weakly defined, evident medially

as a low V-shaped elevation and lateral impressed

lines (elevated lateral rims absent); (44) lateral

carinae extending just beyond midpoint of posterior surface. (45) Tibial spur as in Figure 21.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II only

faintly sinuate, virtually straight.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely punctate below ocelli, punctures contiguous, becoming larger and less dense near antennae. (51)

Supraclypeal area obscurely granulate, very

shiny; (52) punctures separated by their width

laterally, becoming sparse centrally. (53) Clypeus

polished; (54) punctures separated by less than

their width nasally and medially, apicolateral

areas largely impunctate. (56) Mesoscutum moderately shiny; (57) doubly-punctate, smaller

punctures separated by 1-2 times their width,

larger punctures 2-4 times their width apart.

(58) Scutellar punctation weakly developed, obscurely doubly-punctate; smaller punctures extremely fine, inconspicuous, separated by 1-5

times their width, larger punctures widely scattered. (63) Dorsal surface of propodeum ruguloso-striolate over basal half, posterior half

smooth, somewhat polished; (64) basal half alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I moderately

shiny; (66) punctation fine, extremely dense,

punctures less than their width apart.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane mostly hyaline, apex lightly infuscated.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head white. (75)

Pubescence of thorax white; (76) mesoscutal

hairs moderately dense and plumose. (77) Hind

tibial hair color weakly differentiated, most hairs

white, dorsal hairs brown to light brown. (78)

Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum I and (79)

basal hair bands of terga II-IV white. (80) Acarinarium present (similar to Figure 728), a large,

circular, glabrous area surrounded laterally and

dorsolaterally by elongate fringe hairs; dorsal

opening of acarinarium wide, wider than width

of lateral fringe hairs as seen in dorsal view.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—3$.

MEXICO. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Sierra de La Laguna,

Trail, La Burrera-La Laguna, 28 Aug 1977, 850 m, R.R.

Snelling (19 holotype; LACM); Sierra de La Laguna (17.3

air mi ENETodos Santos), 17-18 Dec 1979, M.S. Wasbauer

(29; CDA, NMNH).

7. Lasioglossum bardum (Cresson)

FIGURES 22, 302-308

Halictus bardus Cresson, 1872:251 [female].—Dalla Torre,

1896:55 [World catalog].—Cockerell, 1897:163, 165 [locality and flower records, taxonomic notes]; 1898a:46

[key]; 1898c:51 [taxonomic notes]; 1906:294 [locality record]; 1916a:254 [taxonomic notes].—Cresson, 1916:107

[lectotype designation].

Lasioglossum bardum.—Michener, 1951:1106 [Nearctic catalog].—Hurd, 1979:1957 [Nearctic catalog].

Lasioglossum bardus.—Moldenke and Neff, 1974:52 [distribution and floral records; incorrectly reported from Arizona, California, and New Mexico].

TYPE MATERIAL.—Cresson's original description of Halictus bardus was based on two female

syntypes from the Belfrage collection. Cresson

later (1916) designated one of the specimens as

the lectotype. This specimen is in the Academy

of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia and is labeled

Tex.[as]/TYPE No. 2116 [red label]/Halictus bardus 665
NUMBER 429 85

Cr[esson][hand\vritten]/LECTOTYPE Halictus bardus

Cresson designated by] Cresson, 1916 [handwritten, red

label, labeled by McGinley, 1983].

The lectotype is an excellent condition except

for missing the last two tarsomeres on both hind

legs. The paralectotype is in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 302).—Lasioglossum

bardum is presently known from 111 female specimens collected from seven counties in central

Texas. Hurd (1979) indicated that this species is

found from Texas to California; however, the

FIGURE 302.—Distribution of Lasioglossum bardum (triangle)

and L. desertum (circle).

records from New Mexico and Arizona were

most likely based on specimens of L. morrilli,

which are similar to L. bardum and were commonly misidentified by earlier workers. In central Texas, L. bardum and L. morrilli have contiguous distributions but as yet are not known to be

sympatric.

DIAGNOSIS.—The combination of a short head

(Figure 303, length/width ratio 0.75-0.92) and

hyaline wing membranes will distinguish Lasioglossum bardum from other Lasioglossum species

having an acarinarium on the first metasomal

tergum I (Figure 307) except for L. jubatum and

L. desertum. Lasioglossum jubatum, known from

Mexico and southern Arizona, is easily recognized by its deep golden to pale ferrugineous

mesoscutal pubescense (white in L. bardum).

Lasioglossum desertum is very similar to L. bardum

but has a much wider dorsal opening of the

acarinarium (opening wider than lateral hair

fringe in L. desertum, Figure 393; opening narrower than lateral hair fringe in L. bardum, Figure 307). Lasioglossum morrilli, which also occurs

in Texas and is commonly confused with L. bardum, is highly distinctive with an elongate head

(Figure 520, length/width ratio 0.86-0.96) and

a highly polished, very sparsely punctate clypeus

and supraclypeal area (granulate and moderately

to densely punctate in L. bardum). The common

and widespread species of the forbesii and trizonatum groups have not been collected from Texas.

Furthermore, the pale yellowish brown wing

membranes and relatively elongate heads of the

latter species would distinguish them from L.

bardum.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 8.2-

10.1 mm (x = 8.8, n = 20); (2) wing length 2.3-

2.7 mm (x = 2.5, n = 20); (3) abdominal width

2.6-3.1 mm (x = 2.8, n = 20).

Structure: (4) Head moderately short (Figure

303; length/width ratio 0.75-0.92, x = 0.87, n

= 20). (7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8)

weakly protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.73 its length below lower margin

of eyes, (11) surface without median longitudinal

sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral ocelli
86 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

slightly exceeding distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 shorter than 2

along dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure 304;

(27) distal keel broad as seen in frontal view,

widest basally with conspicuous basal median

FIGURES 303-307.—Lasioglossum bardum, female:

303, head; 304, labrum; 305, propodeum; 306,

mesoscutum; 307, acarinarium at base of tergum I.

groove; (28) distal lateral projections very well

developed, strongly concave apically; (29) fimbrial setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle broadly obtuse; (33)

pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, interrupted by
NUMBER 429 87

oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge sharply edged. (35) Mesoscutal lip

weakly bilobed, (36) moderately elevated. (40)

Dorsal surface of propodeum about 0.70 the

length of scutellum and about 1.2 times the

length of metanotum, (41) slightly depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin broadly rounded;

(43) propodeal triangle weakly defined, median

portion slightly elevated, lateral rims weakly developed; (44) lateral carinae extending at most

to midpoint of posterior surface. (45) Tibial spur

as in Figure 22.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II very

weakly sinuate, nearly straight.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely punctate below ocelli, punctures contiguous, becoming larger and less dense near antennae. (51)

Supraclypeal area moderately granulate, (52)

punctation nearly uniform, punctures 1-2 times

their width apart. (53) Clypeus granulate basally,

apical half polished (54) punctures well formed

basally, separated by less than their width, becoming larger, somewhat obscure and less dense

apically, apicolateral areas punctate. (56) Mesoscutum shiny; (57) punctation as in Figure 306,

densely punctate laterally and anteriorly, punctures separated by their width or less, becoming

more sparsely punctate centrally, punctures separated by 1-4 times their width. (58) Scutellar

punctation nearly uniform, similar to that of

central area of mesoscutum. (63) Dorsal surface

of propodeum rugulose to ruguloso-striolate,

striae obscurely reaching posterior margin (Figure 305); (64) surface alveolated. (65) Metasomal

tergum I moderately shiny; (66) punctation fine,

dense, punctures slightly less than their width

apart.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane hyaline.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head white. (75)

Pubescence of thorax white; (76) mesoscutal

hairs moderately dense and plumose. (77) Hind

tibial hair color differentiated, most hairs white,

dorsal hairs brown basally, becoming light-brown

distally. (78) Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum

I and (79) basal hair bands of terga II-IV white.

(80) Acarinarium present (Figure 307), a large

circular, glabrous area at base of tergum I, surrounded laterally and dorsolaterally by elongate

fringe hairs, dorsal opening of acarinarium wide,

opening subequal to or wider than width of lateral hair fringe as seen in dorsal view.

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 308).—Female L.

bardum have been collected from late March to

late September, with most records from May and

June, with a peak in early June.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Females (103): Labiatae

47%; Onagraceae 31%. Total: 103 in 8 families,

10 genera as follows:

*Agalinis 6(6)9; Asclepias 29; Carduus 19; Hymenopappus 19;

Lupinus 19; * Mimosa 2(2)9; *Monarda 48(29)9; *Oenothera

32(29)9; *Opuntia 3(1)9; Phacelia 79.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—1109 .

UNITED STATES. TEXAS: Gillespie Co.: Harper, 17 Apr

1953, L.D. Beamer (29; KU). Kerr Co.: Kerrville, 14 Jun

1907, F.C. Pratt (19; USNM), 17-19 Jun 1908, F.C. Pratt

(49; USNM), 2 Apr 1959, W.R.M. Mason (19; CNC), 8 mi

NW, 2 Jun 1975, CD. Michener & party (399; KU); Kerrville State Park, 2 Jun 1975, CD. Michener & party (19;

KU). Menard Co.: Menard, 14 mi S, 2 Jun 1975, CD.

Michener & party (39; KU). McLennan Co.: Waco, 28 Aug

1906, F.C. Bishopp (29; USNM) (19; MCZ). Palo Pinto Co.:

Mineral Wells, 6 May 1976, J.R. Powers (19; UCB). Travis

Co.: Austin, 4 May 1900, A.L. Melander (19; WSU), 11 May

1969, B. Vogel (29; UColB), 28 Sep 1979, J. NefT (69;

LACM), 2-7 May 1980, P.D. Hurd, Jr. (89; CU, USNM),

15 mi W, 25 Mar 1970, CD. & M.H. Michener (19; KU),

22 mi NW, 31 May 1975, Michener & party (59; KU);

Mansfield, 4 mi NE, 31 May 1975, Michener & party (209;

KU). Victoria Co.: Victoria, 24 Apr 1907, F.C Bishopp (19;

USNM). Williamson Co.: Florence, 4 mi N, 30 May 1975,

Michener & party (119; KU).

50 r

40

30

20

10

MAMJJAS O

FIGURE 308.—Lasioglossum bardum flight records.
88 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

8. Lasioglossum cercothrix, new species

FIGURES 23, 309-318

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype of L.

cercothrix, in the University of California, Davis,

is labeled

Mex[ico] 4 mi SETemoris Chih[uahua] VIII [Aug] 29 1969/

T A Sears R O Gardner C S Glaser/HOLOTYPE Lasioglossum cercothrix R.J. McGinley [red label].

The holotype is in excellent condition. Eight

paratypes, including the one known male, are in

the University of California, Davis; six at Utah

State University, Logan; three at the University

of Kansas, Lawrence; and one at Oregon State

University, Corvallis.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet is derived

from the Greek kerkos (tail) plus thrix (hair), a

reference to the terminal terga of this species

being entirely covered by dense, adpressed pubescence.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 309).—Lasioglossum

cercothrix is presently known from only 19 females and one male. It appears to be a widespread species in Mexico, with current records

ranging from Chihuahua south to the state of

Puebla.

DIAGNOSIS.—The coarse, contiguous mesoscutal punctation (Figure 313) and the presence of short, adpressed hairs entirely covering

terga IV-V (females; similar to Figure 1) and

terga IV-VI (males) will distinguish L. cercothrix

from all other known New World Lasioglossum.

Lasioglossum sandrae, L. crocoturum, and L. tropidonotum are the only other Lasioglossum species

having the terminal terga entirely covered by

short, adpressed hairs. The latter two species

differ from L. cercothrix in having much finer

mesoscutal punctuation that is granuloso-punctate throughout (Figure 1) and in having longer

heads (Figure 723; L. cercothrix head short, Figure 310). Lasioglossum sandrae is a very different

bee, having the mesoscutum entirely covered by

short, adpressed pale hairs. Also helpful in recogFlGURE 309.—Distribution of Lasioglossum cercothrix.
NUMBER 429 89

nizing L. cercothrix is the rounded, relatively

smooth and shiny posterior edge of the propodeal dorsal surface (Figure 312).

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 8.3-9.8

mm (x = 8.9, n = 15); (2) wing length 2.4-3.0

mm (x = 2.8, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 2.7-

3.0 (x = 2.9, n = 15).

Structure: (4) Head short (Figure 310;

314

FIGURES 310-314.—Lasioglossum cercothrix: 310, female

head; 311, female labrum; 312, female propodeum; 313,

female mesoscutum; 314, male sterna VII—VIII.
90 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

length/width ratio 0.85-0.92, x = 0.88, n = 15).

(7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8) moderately protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.69 of its length below lower margin of eyes; (11) surface with median longitudinal

sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral ocelli

subequal to distance between lateral ocellus and

eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 subequal to 2 in length

along dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure 311;

(27) distal keel moderately broad, lateral edges

bowed, with conspicuous basal groove; (28) distal

lateral projections moderately well developed,

triangular; (29) fimbrial setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle narrowly obtuse;

(33) pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge weakly edged near oblique

sulcus, becoming broadly rounded ventrally. (35)

Mesoscutal lip very weakly bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of propodeum about 0.78 the length of

scutellum and about 1.4 times the length of

metanotum, (41) slightly depressed centrally,

(42) posterior margin broadly rounded; (43) propodeal triangle very weakly defined, evident medially as an extremely inconspicuous V-shaped

elevation (margin of dorsal surface unusually

rounded with no indications of lateral rims); (44)

lateral carinae extending approximately twothirds the length of posterior surface. (45) Tibial

spur as in Figure 23.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

straight, broadly rounded posteriorly.

Sculpture: (47) Face moderately shiny, (48)

densely punctate below ocelli, punctures contiguous, becoming only slightly larger and less dense

near antennae. (51) Supraclypeal area strigulate;

(52) punctures separated by their width or less

laterally, becoming sparse centrally. (53) Clypeus

obscurely granulate basally, apical two-thirds polished; (54) punctures separated by less than their

width, apicolateral areas very sparsely punctate.

(56) Mesoscutum moderately dull; (57) punctation as in Figure 313, punctures coarse, dense

and nearly contiguous throughout, interspaces

granulate. (58) Scutellum nearly uniformly punctate, punctures at most separated by their width.

(63) Dorsal surface of propodeum (Figure 312)

striolate laterally, becoming finely rugulosostriolate medially, posterior edge rounded, somewhat smooth with scattered obscure rugulae; (64)

surface not noticeably alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I moderately shiny; (66) punctation

fine, extremely dense posteriorly, nearly granuloso-punctate, less dense anteriorly, punctures

separated by their width or slightly less.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane mostly hyaline, lightly infuscated at apex.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head white on

gena and near antennae, becoming golden near

ocelli and on vertex. (75) Pubescence of thorax

mostly white, hairs on mesoscutum and scutellum

yellowish brown; (76) mesoscutal hairs moderately dense, simple. (77) Hind tibial hair color

differentiated, most hairs white, dorsal hairs light

to dark brown. (78) Anterior hairs of metasomal

tergum I white, (79) basal hair bands of terga IIIV yellowish white. (80) Acarinarium absent,

elongate hairs scattered over anterior surface of

tergum I. (81) Unlike most other species, basal

hair band on tergum II absent, hair band on

tergum IV covers entire tergal surface.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 8.2 mm (n = 1); (2) wing length 2.4 mm;

(3) abdominal width 2.2 mm. (4) Head short

(length/width ratio 0.88). (5) Gena narrower

than eye, (6) moderately produced posteriorly.

(10) Clypeal surface flat. (24) Labral distal process absent; (25) basal area depressed medially;

(26) basal lateral depressions small but distinct.

(30) Mandible short, just reaching opposing

clypeal angle. (53) Clypeus weakly granulate

throughout, shiny; (54) punctures well formed,

nearly contiguous basally, less dense over apical

two-thirds. (68) Clypeal maculation present. (69)

Flagellum entirely dark. (72) Tarsi dark, concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 318;

(82) hairs on sternum IV moderately elongate,

suberect, posterior sternal edge with noticeable

fringe of pale hairs; (83) posterior edge of sternum V with conspicuous hair fringe, only indis-
NUMBER 429 91

0.5 mm

316

317 318

FIGURES 315-318.—Lasioglossum cercothrix, male: 315, genitalia, ventral view; 316, same,

dorsal view; 317, same, lateral view; 318, sternal vestiture.

tinctly divided medially into lateral lobes.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

314; (85) sternum VIII with moderately short,

narrowly rounded median process. Genitalia as

in Figures 315-317; (86) gonobase moderately

elongate; (87) gonostylus elongate, slender (unlike other species, gonocoxite hairy distally near

base of gonostylus; (89) retrorse membranous

lobe broad near midpoint, tapering apically; (90)

volsella with prominent lateral lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS.—Female records range

from late June to late September. The one

known male was collected in late August.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Two pollen-laden fe-
92 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

males taken from Xanthoxylum (Rutaceae) in the

state of Puebla (8 mi SE Tehuitzingo).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—20(19$, 16).

MEXICO. CHIHUAHUA: Santo Nino, 31 Aug 1968, T.A.

Sears, R.C. Gardner, C.S. Glaser (29; UCD), 1 Sep 1968,

T.A. Sears, R.C. Gardner, C.S. Glaser (3?; UCD); Temoris,

3 Sep 1969, T.A. Sears, R.C. Gardner, C.S. Glaser (19;

UCD), 2 mi N, 22 Aug 1968, T.A. Sears, R.C. Gardner,

C.S. Glaser (19; UCD), 3 mi SE, 8 Sep 1969, Sears, Gardner,

Glaser (19; UCD), 4 mi SE, 29 Aug 1969, Sears, Gardner,

Glaser (19 holotype, 1<J; UCD). JALISCO: Guadalajara, 15 mi

NE, 17 Sep 1970, G.E. & R.M. Bohart (69; USU). MICHOACAN: Tuxpan to San Jose Purva, 22 Jun 1963, 5200 ft,

Scullen& Bolinger (19; OrS). PUEBLA: Petlalcingo, 4 mi NW,

4 Jul 1953, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (19; KU); Tehuitzingo, 8 mi SE, 29 Jun 1961, 4100 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex.

Exped. (29; KU).

9. Lasioglossum channelense, new species

FIGURES 24, 100, 319-331

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype of L.

channelense is the property of the California Insect Survey, University of California at Berkeley,

but is on loan deposit to the California Academy

of Sciences in San Francisco. The specimen is in

excellent condition and is labeled

Calif [ornia]: Sta. [Santa] Cruz Id. [Island], Ridge S.[outh] of

Chinese Harbor VI [ June]-9-1966/R.L. Langston collector/

HOLOTYPE Lasioglossum channelense R.J. McGinley [red

label].

Two hundred ninety-four paratypes listed in

the "Specimens Examined" section are designated.

DISTRIBUTION.—I have seen specimens of L.

channelense only from Santa Cruz Island, Santa

Barbara County, off the coast of southern California. Rust et al. (1985) report L. trizonatum

from Santa Rosa Island. Because L. channelense

has long been considered to be a form of L.

trizonatum, the Santa Rosa Island specimens are

most likely those of L. channelense.

DIAGNOSIS.—Females of L. channelense can be

recognized by the following character combination: mid and hind tarsi and hind tibiae yellowish

orange; acarinarium on anterior surface of tergum I present (Figure 330); pronotal lateral carina virtually complete, at most only inconspicuously interrupted by lateral sulcus (Figure

100); anterior quarter of mesoscutum granulosopunctate (Figure 324). These females are superficially most similar to those of the mainland L.

mellipes. They differ most conspicuously in having the nearly complete pronotal lateral carina

(obviously interrupted in L. mellipes and other

trizonatum forms, Figure 10) and by having the

anterior mesoscutal edge granuloso-punctate

(punctures dense but not granuloso-punctate in

trizonatum forms, Figure 675). Furthermore, the

wing membranes of L. channelense are entirely

hyaline (slightly yellowish brown in L. mellipes).

Males of L. channelense are also similar to those

of L. mellipes in having yellowish orange tarsi and

erect lateral hair tufts on sternum V (Figure 325)

but differ in having a nearly complete pronotal

lateral carina, elongate mandibles, which obviously reach beyond the opposing clypeal angles

(Figure 320), and shorter heads (Figure 320,

length/width ratio x = 0.93, versus Figure 698,

x = 0.97).

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 8.6-

10.2 mm (x = 9.7, n = 15); (2) wing length 2.6-

3.0 mm (x = 2.8, n = 15); (3) abdominal width

2.9-3.2 mm (x = 3.0, n = 15).

Structure: (4) Head moderately elongate (Figure 319; length/width ratio 0.86-1.0, x = 0.93,

n = 15). (7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded,

(8) moderately protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.95 of its length below lower

margin of eyes; (11) surface with obscure median

longitudinal sulcation present in most specimens.

(14) Distance between lateral ocelli subequal to

distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (23)

Flagellomere 1 subequal to 2 in length along

dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure 321; (27)

distal keel broad in frontal view, widest medially;

(28) distal lateral projections well developed,

rounded; (29) fimbrial setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle broadly obtuse; (33)

pronotal lateral ridge superficially appearing

complete, interrupted by narrow oblique lateral

sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge elongate and very sharply edged. (35) Mesoscutal lip
NUMBER 429 93

FIGURES 319-324.—Lasioglossum channelense: 319, female head; 320, male head; 321, female

labrum; 322, male labrum; 323, female propodeum; 324, female mesoscutum.
94 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

very weakly bilobed, (36) moderately elevated

from pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of propodeum about 0.78 the length of scutellum and

about 1.4 times the length of metanotum, (41)

slightly depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin broadly rounded; (43) propodeal triangle

very weakly defined laterally, evident medially as

a very inconspicuous V-shaped elevation with

lateral rims; (44) lateral carinae extending at

most to midpoint of posterior surface. (45) Tibial

spur as in Figure 24.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II sinuate.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) granulosopunctate below ocelli, punctation only slightly

less dense near antennae. (51) Supraclypeal area

polished; (52) punctures separated by their width

laterally, becoming impunctate centrally. (53)

Clypeus strongly granulate basally, apical half

moderately polished; (54) punctures separated

by not more than their width basally, becoming

obscurely formed and less dense apically. (56)

Mesoscutum shiny; (57) punctation as in Figure

324, punctures dense laterally, contiguous, becoming granuloso-punctate anteriorly, much less

dense centrally, punctures 2-3 times their width

apart. (58) Scutellum conspicuously doublypunctate, smaller punctures separated by their

width or slightly less, larger punctures separated

by 2-4 times their width. (63) Dorsal surface of

propodeum (Figure 323) ruguloso-granulate;

(64) surface obscurely alveolated. (65) Metasomal

tergum I moderately shiny; (66) punctation fine,

dense, punctures slightly less than their width

apart.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane hyaline.

(72) Unlike most species, mid and hind tarsi,

hind tibiae and distal quarter of mid tibiae pale

yellowish orange.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head white. (75)

Pubescence of thorax white on pronotum and

mesopleuron, hairs on mesoscutum and scutellum mostly brown, metanotum with mixture of

white and brown hairs; (76) mesoscutal hairs

moderately dense and plumose. (77) Hind tibial

hair color differentiated, most hairs yellowish

brown, dorsal hairs brown to light brown. (78)

Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum I and (79)

basal hair bands of terga II-IV white. (80) Acarinarium present (Figure 330), a moderately large

glabrous area at base of tergum I, surrounded

laterally by moderately sparse, elongate fringe

hairs that lack a sharply delimited border; acarinarial surface often with some scattered hairs;

dorsal opening of acarinarium moderately wide,

not sharply delimited, width slightly less than

width of lateral hair fringe as seen in dorsal view.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 7.8-10.0 mm (x = 8.7, n = 15); (2) wing

length 2.3-2.7 mm (x = 2.5, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 2.0-2.3 mm (x = 2.2, n = 15). (4)

Head as in Figure 320 (length/width ratio 0.88-

0.96, x = 0.94, n = 15). (5) Gena conspicuously

wider than eye, (6) strongly produced posteriorly. (10) Clypeal surface shallowly depressed

ventrally. Labrum as in Figure 322; (24) distal

process weakly to moderately developed, narrowly rounded to somewhat pointed; (25) basal

area depressed medially; (26) basal lateral depressions absent. (30) Mandible elongate, reaching

midway between opposing clypeal angle and

mandibular base. (53) Clypeus polished; (54)

punctures well formed and dense along basal

FIGURE 325.—Lasioglossum channelense, male sternal vestiture.
NUMBER 429 95

FIGURES 326-330.—Lasioglossum channelense: 326, male

genitalia, ventral view; 327, same, dorsal view; 328, male

gonostylus; 329, male sterna VII—VIII; 330, female acarinarium at base of tergum I.
96 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

edge, apical three-quarters virtually impunctate,

puncture extremely fine and scattered. (68)

Clypeal maculation present (Figure 320). (69)

Flagellum only slightly paler ventrally than on

dorsum. (72) Tarsi yellowish orange, contrasting

with dark tibiae.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 325;

(82) hairs on sternum IV elongate, erect; (83)

hairs on sternum V erect, moderately elongate

(slightly longer laterally), apices directed laterad

from midline.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

329; (85) sternum VIII with short, narrowly

rounded median process. Genitalia as in Figures

326-328.

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 331).—Females of

L. channelense have been collected from March

through June, with three females from Canada

del Medio taken in late September. Most males

have been taken in late April through June, with

a peak in early May (two males were collected in

August and one in September).

FLOWER RECORDS.—Females (15): Cruciferae

40%; Ranunculaceae 33%. Males (5): Rosaceae

80%. Total: 20 in 6 families, 6 genera as follows:

Arctostaphylos 16; *Brassica 6(6)9; *Cirsium 1(1)9; Dendromecon 39; Heteromeles 46; Ranunculus 59-

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—295 (134$, 16Id).

UNITED STATES. CALIFORNIA: Santa Barbara Co.: Albert's Ridge, 27 Apr 1966, J. Powell, J. Wolf.J. Slater, R.L.

Langston (39, 26; UCB); Anchorage, 27 Apr 1966, J.Powell,

P. Rude, R.L. Langston (19, 28<J; UCB); Cal Beach at Water

Canyon, 2 May 1969, D.S. Horning, Jr. (19; UCD); Campo

Raton, 21 Jun 1967, D.S. Horning, Jr. (19, 56; UCD);

Canada Cervada, 26 Apr 1966, J. Powell (19, 16; UCB);

Canada Christi, 21 Jun 1967, A.S. Menke (Id; UCD); Canada de la Cuesta, 15 Mar 1969, J. Powell, H.V. Daly (49;

UCB); Canada del Medio, 29 Apr 1969, J.E. Slansky (19;

UCD), 3 May 1969, D.S. Horning, Jr. (16; UCD), 3-12 May

1968, R.L. Brumley, D.R. Miller, R.W. Rust, D.S. Horning,

Jr., R.O. Schuster (139, 23<5; UCD), 16-23 Jun 1967, D.R.

Miller. A.S. Menke, D.S. Horning, Jr., R.O. Schuster (119,

22<J; UCD), 20-22 Sep 1968, R.O. Schuster (39; UCD);

Canada del Puerto. 16 Mar 1969, J. Powell (19; UCB), 9

May 1968, R.O. Schuster (19; UCD), 16 May 1969, D.S.

Horning, Jr. (19; UCD), 20 Jun 1967, R.O. Schuster (16;

UCD); Canyon del Medio, 6 May 1968, D.S. Horning, Jr.

(1(5; UCD), 7 May 1968, D.S. Horning, Jr. (19; UCD), 15

30 -

10

50

30

10

-

-

1

ify

i

i

MAMJJAS O

FIGURE 331.—Lasioglossum channelense flight records.

May 1969, D.S. Horning, Jr. (19; UCD), 20 Jun 1967, R.O.

Schuster (\6; UCD); Cascada, 4-8 May 1968, R.L. Brumley,

D.S. Horning, Jr., D.R. Miller, R.W. Rust (49, 16d; UCD),

20 May 1967, R.L. Brumley (16; UCD).

Central Valley, 25-27 Apr 1966, J. Slater, P. Rude (149,

46; UCB), 1 May 1966, R.L. Langston (49; UCB), 7-8 Jun

1966, J. Powell (36; UCB); Central Valley, upper, 15 Mar

1969, P.A. Opler, W.W. Middlekauff (39; UCB), 26 Apr

1966.J. Powell, P. Rude, R.L. Langston (39; UCB); Chinese

Harbor, ridge south of, 9 Jun 1966, R.L. Langston (19; 26;

UCB); Christi Beach, 15 Mar 1969, J.T. Doyen (99; UCB),

27 Apr 1969, D.R. Miller (19; UCD), 5 May 1968, D.S.

Horning, Jr. (39; UCD); Coches Prietos, 4 May 1969, D.S.

Horning, Jr. (19, 26; UCD), 9-10 May 1968, D.S. Horning,

Jr., R.O. Schuster (79, 13d; UCB), 17 Jun 1967, D.S. Horning, Jr. (19, 26; UCB); Griffith Canyon, 22 Jun 1967, D.R.

Miller (26; UCD); Laguna Canyon, ridge north of, 28 Apr

1966, J. Slater, P. Rude, R.L. Langston (39, 2<J; UCB), 8

Jun 1966, R.L. Langston (46; UCB); Mt. Pleasant, 17 Jun

1967, R.O. Schuster, D.S. Horning, Jr. (26; UCD); Portezuela, 22 Jun 1967, D.R. Miller (19; UCD); Prisoner's Harbor, 14 Mar 1969, J. Powell (29; UCB), 1 May 1966, J.

Powell, J. Slater (19, 3<J; UCB), 7 May 1968, R.L. Brumley,

R.W. Rust (39, Ic5; UCD), 7-10 Jun 1966, J. Powell, R.L.
NUMBER 429 97

Langston (3$, 3<J; UCB); South Ridge, 9 May 1968, D.S.

Horning,Jr. (4?; UCD), 20Jun 1967, D.R. Miller (1?; UCD),

28 Sep 1968, R.O. Schuster (16; UCD); University of California Field Station, 15 Mar 1969, H.V. Daly (1$; UCB), 1-

2 Aug 1969, D.R. Rentz, D. Weissman (2<5; CAS); Water

Canyon, 17 Jun 1967, R.L. Brumley, D.S. Horning, Jr. (6$;

UCD); no specific locality, 16-18 May 1919, E.P. VanDuzee

(13$, 13<5; CAS).

10. Lasioglossum circinatum (Vachal)

FIGURES 25, 258, 332-335

Halictus circinatus Vachal, 1904:474 [female, male].—Cockerell, 1905a:90 [key].

Halictus supercretus Cockerell, 1910a:260 [female; includes

comparisons to five other species]; 1910b:284 [probable

type-locality Oaxaca, Mexico]; 1918a: 179 [comparative

taxonomic notes]. [New synonymy.]

Lasioglossum circinatum.—Moure and Hurd, 1986:59 [catalog]-

TYPE MATERIAL.—In referring to his original

series of Halictus circinatus, Vachal listed "numerous females from Orizaba (Biart 62) and

from Mexico (Sichel collection)" (museum notes

kindly provided by George C. Eickwort indicate

that the female series in the Paris Museum

(MNHNP) is comprised of one female labeled

"TYPE" and 14 additional females). Vachal also

listed two males that he questionably associated

with the females. Moure and Hurd (1986) state

that "one of the females of the original type series

labeled: Orizaba, Biart, was labeled by one of us

(Moure) in April, 1958 as the lectoholotype and

is now so designated." Only two females from

the type series were available for study and the

one labeled "TYPE" from the Sichel collection

(noted by Eickwort) lacks formal type status. The

other specimen from Orizaba (agreeing with

Moure's indication) is herein relabeled the lectotype with the designation attributed to Moure

to avoid further confusion. The lectotype is missing the distal tarsomere of the right hind leg and

has been repinned as evidenced by the pin holes

in the thoracic pleura but is otherwise in good

condition; it is labeled

MUSEUM PARIS MEXIQUE ORIZABA BIART 1862/14

[?] [18]62 [handwritten on circular label with green undersurfacej/circinatus 9 Sichel [handwritten by Vachal?]/LECTOTYPE Halictus circinatus Vachal designated by]

Moure.

I have attached a paralectotype label to the

other female that is still labeled "TYPE."

The two males in Vachal's original series appear to be identical to males known to be associated with L. acarophilum in Arizona, where L.

circinatum does not occur (Figures 245, 258). As

Vachal indicated, the association of these males

with L. circinatum remains doubtful. At present,

the males of L. circinatum cannot reliably be

associated with known females.

The female holotype of Halictus supercretus is

in the Museum fur Naturkunde, Humboldt

Universitat in Berlin. It is labeled

2583/Mexico [probably Oaxaca, Mexico] [Ferdinand]

Deppe [collector]/Type [orange Iabel]/Halictus supercretus

Ckll.[Cockerell] TYPE [handwritten by Cockerell]/

Zool.[ogy] Mus[eum] Berlin [yellow label].

Half of the eighth and ninth flagellomeres of

the left antenna have been eaten away but the

specimen is otherwise in good condition. In his

original description of H. supercretus, Cockerell

(1910a) stated: "Among Vachal's mexican species

it [supercretus] comes to the group of H. crocoturus &c, but it does not agree with any of his

descriptions." This comment clearly indicates

that Cockerell did not have any of Vachal's material at hand when he described H. supercretus.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 258).—Lasioglossum circinatum is presently known from only 38 females

collected in southern Mexico, from Hidalgo and

Michoacan, south to Guatemala (this does not

include the additional 13 females in the type

series noted by G.C. Eickwort or the two males

tentatively associated with this species by Vachal;

see above "Type Material" section).

DIAGNOSIS.—Lasioglossum circinatum can be

recognized by the following character combination: dorsal surface of propodeum nearly entirely

smooth, weakly striolate laterally with very weak

median striae confined to basal one-third (Figure

334); acarinarium absent, elongate hairs scattered over anterior surface of tergum I; head

elongate (Figure 332, length/width ratio 0.92-
98 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

1.03, x = 0.97). This character combination will

distinguish this species from all other New World

Lasioglossum except L. pharum and L. troipidonotum. Lasioglossum pharum differs from L. circinatum in having the mesoscutum conspicuously

doubly-punctate (Figure 604) and having a polished, shiny clypeal surface (the mesoscutum of

L. circinatum is only obscurely doubly-punctate,

appearing entirely granuloso-punctate (Figure

335), and its clypeus is entirely dull-granulate

with coarse, elongate punctation). Lasioglossum

tropidonotum is unique in having a longitudinal

median elevation on the anterior edge of the

mesoscutum (Figure 174) and has terga IV-V

nearly entirely covered by short, adpressed hairs

(normal basal hair bands in L. circinatum). Other

Mexican species having a dull, smooth dorsal

propodeal surface are L. bajaense and L. uyacicola

but these species differ from L. circinatum in

having nietasomal acarinaria. The dorsal proprodeal surface of Lasioglossum argutum is smooth

over its posterior half but is polished and shiny,

not dull. The latter species furthermore has a

short head (Figure 262, length/width ratio 0.84-

1.0, x = 0.89) and is a much smaller bee (body

length 7.1-8.6 vs. 8.4-10.2).

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 8.4-

10.2 mm (x = 9.2, n = 15); (2) wing length 2.3-

3.0 mm (x = 2.6, n = 15).

Structure: (4) Head elongate (Figure 332;

FIGURES 332-335.—Lasioglossum circinatum, female: 332, head; 333, labrum; 334, propodeum;

335, mesoscutum.
NUMBER 429 99

length/width ratio 0.92-1.03, x = 0.97, n = 15).

(7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded ventrally,

somewhat narrowly rounded dorsally along frontal carina, (8) moderately protuberant. (9)

Clypeus projecting approximately 0.82 of its

length below lower margin of eyes; (11) surface

without median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral ocelli subequal to distance

between lateral ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 longer than 2 along dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure 333; (27) distal keel moderately broad, widest basally; (28) distal lateral projections virtually absent, evident as obscure swellings; (29) most fimbrial setae bluntly rounded.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle narrowly obtuse;

(33) pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge somewhat inconspicuous,

rounded. (35) Mesoscutal lip very weakly bilobed, (36) weakly elevated from pronotum. (40)

Dorsal surface of propodeum about 0.78 the

length of scutellum and about 1.4 times the

length of metanotum, (41) slightly depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin broadly rounded;

(43) propodeal triangle weakly defined, evident

medially as a very low V-shaped elevation without

lateral rims; (44) lateral carinae extending

slightly beyond midpoint of posterior surface.

(45) Tibial spur as in Figure 25.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II very

weakly sinuate, nearly straight.

Sculpture: (47) Face dull, granular, (48) doubly-punctate, smaller punctures dense, separated

by less than their width, larger punctures separated by 1-2 times their width. (51) Supraclypeal

area extremely granulate; (52) uniformly punctate, punctures separated by 1-2 times their

width. (53) Clypeus moderately granulate

throughout; (54) punctation dense, somewhat

coarse, punctures separated by less than their

width, becoming elongate apically. (56) Mesoscutum moderately shiny; (57) punctation as in

Figure 335, obscurely doubly-punctate, smaller

punctures extremely dense, contiguous throughout, larger punctures 3-5 times their width apart

(observable at 50 magnifications or more). (58)

Scutellum nearly uniformly punctate, most punctures 1-2 times their width apart, anterior edge

with minute, nearly contiguous punctures. (63)

Dorsal surface of propodeum (Figure 334) nearly

entirely smooth, weakly striolate laterally with

very weak median striae confined to basal onethird; (64) surface extensively alveolated. (65)

Metasomal tergum I moderately shiny; (66)

punctation fine, extremely dense, punctures

nearly contiguous.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane mostly hyaline, marginal cell to apex lightly infuscated.

Vestiture: (72) Unlike most species, hairs between vertex and antennae conspicuously simple,

recurved, contrasting with pulmose hairs near

antennae; (74) pubescence of head white. (75)

Pubescence of thorax white; (76) mesoscutal

hairs inconspicuous, moderately sparse and plumose. (77) Hind tibial hair color differentiated,

ventral and lateral hairs white, dorsal hairs dark

brown to brown. (78) Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum I and (79) basal hair bands of terga

II-IV white. (80) Acarinarium absent, elongate

hairs scattered over anterior surface of tergum

I.

FLIGHT RECORDS.—Females of L. circinatum

have been collected in all months except March,

April, June, and December.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—389.

GUATEMALA. Mt. Pacaya, 30 Nov 1975, S.W. Batra

(1?; USNM).

MEXICO. HIDALGO: Jacala, 22 mi NE, 18 Jul 1963, G.W.

Byers & party (19; KU). MEXICO: Istapan de Sal, 1 mi N, 1

Aug 1962, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (1$; KU). MICHOACAN:

Uruapan, Aug 1975, N.L. Krauss, 1600-1700 m (29;

USNM, KU); Zamora, 28 Aug 1954, E.G. Linsley, J.W.

MacSwain, R.F. Smith (19; UCB). MORELOS: Cuernavaca,

26 Aug 1956, 6000 ft, R. & K. Dreisbach (19; MSUEL), 17

May 1959, 5500 ft, H.E. Evans (19; CU), 12-19 Jul 1961,

R.&K. Dreisbach (19; MSUEL), Oct 1965, N.L. Krauss(l9;

USNM); Tepotzlan, 26 Sep 1957, R. & K. Dreisbach (19:

MSUEL); Yautepec, 19 Aug 1956, R. & K. Dreisbach (19;

MSUEL). OAXACA: El Tule, 5 Aug 1964, H.V. Daly (19;

CAS); Tehuantepec, 64 mi W, 21 Jul 1952, E.E. Gilbert,

CD. MacNeil (19; UCB). VERACRUZ: Coscomatepec, 9 Jul

1974, J. A. Chemsak, E. &J. Linsley, J. Powell (39; UCB);

Fortin de la Flores, 14-21 Sep 1954, F.X. Williams (19;

CAS); Jalapa. 28 Sep-3 Oct 1961, R. & K. Dreisbach (49;
100 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

MSUEL); Orizaba, Jan 1945, N.L. Krauss (19; USNM), 13

Feb 1954, 2500 ft, R.R. Dreisbach (5$; KU), 12-22 Aug

1961, R. & K. Dreisbach (2$; MSUEL), 1862, Biart (female

lectotype; MNHNP); Rio Blanco, 13 Nov 1957, R. & K.

Dreisbach (59; MSUEL); Xico, Texolo Falls, 11 Jan 1982,

in ground, 1600-1700 m, B.H. Smith (19; KU). UNSPECIFIED

LOCALITY: 1867 (female paralectotype; MNHNP).

11. Lasioglossum citerius (Vachal)

FIGURES 336, 337

Halictus exterior Vachal, 1904:473 [female].—Cockerell,

1905a:90[key].

Lasioglossum citerius.—Michener, 1951:1106 [catalog].

TYPE MATERIAL.—The femal holotype of L.

citerius is in the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna. It is labeled

Dup.[?] 1845/citerior Vach.[al] det. J. Vachal/Hal.[ictus] 9

citerior Vach.[al]/Holotypus [recently handwritten on red

label by Ebmer?]/LASIOGLOSSUM 9 Lasioglossum citeror

(Vach. 1904) Holotypus, Unicum det. A.W. Ebmer 1980.

The specimen has been repinned as evidenced

by the large hole on the right side of the mesoscutal posterior edge and the additional hole in

the thoracic venter; the mouthparts, right front

tibia and tarsus are obscured by what appears to

be hardened nectar; the right antenna and left

front leg are missing.

DISTRIBUTION.—Lasioglossum citerius is known

only from the unique female holotype, which

lacks locality data of any kind. As Vachal (1904)

indicated in his original description, the specimen appears to be related to L. pacificum (and

related New World species unknown to Vachal).

This is tentatively supported by the shape of the

head (broad, as in Figure 545), the structure of

the lateral pronotal surface (lower portion of

pronotal carina broadly rounded, inconspicuous), and sculpture of the propodeal dorsal

surface (Figure 337). Furthermore, L. citerius has

the unusual dark brown mesoscutal hairs and

dark brown hairs on the outer hind tibial surface

that are both characteristic of Mexican and Central American Lasioglossum and are not found in

species occurring north of the Mexican border.

From this I conclude that L. citerius is most likely

a Mexican species; however, because of the uncertainty, it has not been treated in the keys.

DIAGNOSIS.—The combination of the dark

brown mesoscutal hairs and the strongly striate

propodeal dorsal surface will distinguish L. citerius from all other New World Lasioglossum except L. orphnaeum. The mesoscutum of L. citerius

is granuloso-punctate anteriorly and medially,

but unlike L. orphnaeum and all other species,

the punctures become conspicuously large and

well separated posteriorly (Figure 336; the mesoscutum of L. orphnaeum is nearly entirely granuloso-punctate, Figure 548). Lasioglossum citerius

also differs from other species that have a striate

dorsal propodeal surface in that the striae,

though conspicuous, become weak posteriorly

and fail to reach the posterior propodeal margin

(Figure 337). Other characters helpful for recognizing L. citerius are the broad head (as in Figure

545), the broadly rounded, inconspicuous lower

portion of the pronotal lateral carina (as in L.

pacificum and related species) and the sharply

pointed pronotal lateral angle (Figure 336).

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1, 2, 3) Measurements of the holotype were unfortunately not

recorded; the specimen is a moderately sized

Lasioglossum; Vachal (1904) gave 8 mm for the

length.

Structure: (4) Head short (as in Figure 545);

length/width ratio 0.88 (n = 1). (7) Supraclypeal

area evenly rounded, (8) weakly protuberant. (9)

Clypeus projecting approximately 0.50 of its

length below lower margin of eyes; (11) surface

without median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral ocelli subequal to distance

between lateral ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 slightly shorter than 2 along dorsal surface. (23, 26, 27, 28) Labrum not examined due

to uniqueness of specimen and soiled condition

of mouthparts.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle forming well-produced right angle; (33) pronotal lateral ridge

incomplete, broadly interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge

inconspicuous, broadly rounded. (35) Mesoscutal

lip strongly bilobed, (36) conspicuously elevated
NUMBER 429 101

336

337

FIGURES 336, 337.—Lasioglossum citerius, female holotype:

336, mesoscutum; 337, propodeum.

from pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of propodeum about 0.80 the length of scutellum and

about 1.7 times the length of metanotum, (41)

moderately depressed centrally, (42) posterior

margin broadly rounded; (43) propodeal triangle

defined by conspicuous but noncarinate lateral

rims, median V-shaped area not produced; (44)

lateral carinae well developed, not quite reaching

dorsal propodeal surface (lateral carinae join conspicuous longitudinal carinae that parallel the

dorsal propodeal rim, Figure 337). (45) Tibial

spur not removed for study; appears to have one

large, conspicuous tooth followed by few, broad,

weakly projecting teeth (similar to that of L.

argutum, Figure 18).

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

nearly evenly rounded, only slightly flattened

posteriorly.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely and

contiguously punctate below ocelli to antennae.

(51) Supraclypeal area conspicuously granulate;

(52) punctures obscure, separated by their width.

(53) Clypeus granulate basally and medially, apicolateral areas polished; (54) punctures obscure

basally, becoming well defined and separated by

their width on apical half. (56) Mesoscutum dull

anteriorly, shiny on posterior half; (57) punctation as in Figure 336: roughly granuloso-punctate anteriorly and medially, punctures becoming

conspicuously large and well separated by at least

their width posteriorly. (58) Scutellum granuloso-punctate around margins, less densely punctate adjacent to midline with some punctures

separated by their width or slightly more. (63)

Dorsal surface of propodeum (Figure 337)

strongly striate laterally with striae reaching posterior propodeal margin, striae strong and regular medially over basal three-quarters but become weak and obscure near posterior edge of

propodeal dorsal surface; (64) surface appears to

be alveolated near posterior edge where striae

become obscure. (65) Metasomal tergum I shiny;

(66) punctation fine, dense, punctures slightly

less than their width apart.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane nearly hyaline, very lightly pigmented.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head pale yellowish brown with some dark brown hairs interspersed (especially on vertex). (75) Pubescence

of thorax mostly white or off-white, hairs on

mesoscutum and scutellum dark brown; (76)

mesoscutal hairs moderately dense and plumose.

(77) Hind tibial hair color differentiated, most

hairs white to pale brown, dorsal hairs dark

brown. (78) Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum

I and (79) basal hair bands of terga II—IV white.

(80) Acarinarium absent, elongate hairs scattered

over anterior surface of tergum I (most of these

hairs on the holotype have been worn off).
102 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

12. Lasioglossum colatum (Vachal), new

combination

FIGURES 26, 338-352

Halictus colatus Vachal, 1904:476 [male].—Cockerell,

1907:242 [incorrect synonymy with H. trizonatus].

Halictus ripariellus Cockerell, 1918b:261 [female]. [New

synonymy.]

Lasioglossum ripariellum.—Michener, 1951:1107 [Nearctic

catalog].—Hurd, 1979:1958 [Nearctic catalog].

TYPE MATERIAL.—The male holotype of Halictus colatus is in the Naturhistorisches Museum,

Vienna. It is labeled

Morrison [Jefferson County] Colorado 1879. [indecipherable character]/colatus Vach[al] det. J. Vachal/Hal[ictus] colatus Vach[al] 6 [handwritten].

The specimen is in fair condition; it is missing

the last 10 flagellomeres of the right antenna and

has had the head and pronotum glued to the

thorax. When received for study in September

1983, the abdomen was loosely connected to the

thorax and was secured with a small drop of

polyvinyl acetate.

The female holotype of Halictus ripariellus is

in the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. It is labeled

Holotype [on red label]/Florissant [Teller County],

Colo.frado] Expedition 1907. Collector] Ckll. [Cockerell]

June 26/nesting in bank [handwritten by Cockerell]/Halictus

ripariellus Ckll. TYPE, [handwritten by Cockerell].

The specimen is missing the last two tarsomeres of the left hind leg and the last tarsomere

of the right hind leg but otherwise is in excellent

condition.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 338).—Both Nearctic

catalogs reported Lasioglossum colatum only from

Colorado. It is now known to occur widely in the

West from southern British Columbia and Edmonton, Alberta, south to southern Utah and

Colorado and through the Sierra Nevada to Alpine County, California. Eastern-most records

are from Wyoming and central Colorado, with

one female collected from Hanna (Meade Co.),

South Dakota, in 1936 (Cornell University Collection).

DIAGNOSIS.—Females of Lasioglossum colatum

FIGURE 338.—Distribution of Lasioglossum colatum.

can be recognized by their weakly developed but

distinctive acarinarium on the anterior surface

of the first metasomal tergum (Figure 351): elongate lateral fringe hairs are present but are sparse

and form only an indistinct border around the

central glabrous area; furthermore, a distinctive

patch of short, adpressed hairs is present in the

dorsal acarinarial opening. Other characters useful in recognizing L. colatum are the relatively

sparse mesoscutal punctation that is obscurely

doubly-punctate (Figure 344) and the moderately short head (Figure 339; length/width ratio

0.88-0.96, x = 0.92). Lasioglossum colatum females are most commonly confused with those

of the forbesii and trizonatum groups; however,

the acarinarium in the latter species is more

strongly developed in having conspicuous lateral

hair fringes (Figures 111, 114) and the mesoscutal punctation of both species is denser than

that of L. colatum (Figures 439, 675). Lasioglossum forbesii, sensu lato, can further be differen-
NUMBER 429 103

tiated from L. colatum in having the posterior

rim of the dorsal propodeal surface slightly elevated (Figure 438; rounded in L. colatum, Figure

343). The elongate heads of L. trizonatum, sensu

lato, (Figures 683, 709) will readily separate

them from L. colatum.

The male of Lasioglossum colatum has a round,

short head (Figure 340) and a broadly rounded

clypeus (not flattened as in most other Lasioglossum males). Also diagnostic is the elongate, slender tergum I as seen from above (Figure 343).

Males of L. athabascense also have a rounded head

and a rounded clypeus but differ in having long,

erect hair tufts on the lateral edges of sternum

V (Figure 294).

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 7.4-9.8

mm (x = 8.3, n = 15); (2) wing length 2.3- 2.7

mm (x = 2.4, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 2.4-

2.8 mm (x = 2.7, n = 15).

Structure: (4) Head moderately short (Figure

339); length/width ratio 0.88-0.96, x = 0.92, n

= 15. (7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8)

moderately protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting

approximately 0.84 of its length below lower

margin of eyes; (11) surface slightly protuberant

towards ventral edge, without median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral

ocelli subequal to distance between lateral ocellus

and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 longer than 2 along

dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure 341; (27)

distal keel narrow in frontal view, nearly parallelsided; (28) distal lateral projections well developed, triangular; (29) fimbrial setae acutely

pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle narrowly obtuse;

(33) pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge inconspicuous, broadly

rounded. (35) Mesoscutal lip weakly bilobed, (36)

moderately elevated from pronotum. (40) Dorsal

surface of propodeum about 0.88 the length of

scutellum and about 1.7 times the length of

metanotum, (41) slightly depressed centrally,

(42) posterior margin rounded; (43) propodeal

triangle weakly impressed, evident medially as an

inconspicuous V-shaped elevation with low lateral

rims; (44) lateral carinae extending to midpoint

of posterior surface. (45) Tibial spur as in Figure

26.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

weakly sinuate.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely punctate below ocelli, punctures contiguous, becoming larger and less dense near antennae. (51)

Supraclypeal area very weakly granulate, nearly

polished; (52) punctures separated by their width

laterally, becoming impunctate centrally. (53)

Clypeus polished or at most obscurely granulate

over basal third; (54) punctation sparse, punctures separated by 1-2 times their width basally,

nearly impunctate apicolaterally. (56) Mesoscutum moderately shiny; (57) punctation as in Figure 344, doubly-punctate, smaller punctures 1-

3 times their width apart, larger punctures 3-5

times their width apart, less dense centrally. (58)

Scutellum sparsely punctate adjacent to median

line, punctures 2-3 times their width apart. (63)

Dorsal surface of propodeum (Figure 343) striolate laterally, becoming ruguloso-striolate to

finely rugulose medially, striae and rugulae

reaching posterior margin; (64) surface obscurely

alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I moderately

shiny; (66) punctation fine, dense, punctures

slightly less than their width apart.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane pale yellowish brown.

Vestiture: Pubescence of head pale yellowish

brown. (75) Pubescence of thorax white to pale

yellowish brown; (76) mesoscutal hairs moderately sparse, not conspicuously plumose. (77)

Hind tibial hairs concolorous, pale yellowish

brown. (78) Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum

I and (79) basal hair bands of terga II-IV white.

(80) Acarinarium present but weakly defined

(Figure 351), a small glabrous area at base of

tergum I surrounded laterally by scattered elongate hairs, not forming distinct fringe; short,

adpressed hairs present dorsolaterally; opening

of acarinarium wide, indistinctly defined, wider

than lateral hair fringe as seen in dorsal view.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 6.5-8.3 mm (x = 7.1, n = 15); (2) wing
104 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 339-344.—Lasioglossum colatum: 339, female head; 340, male head; 341, female

labrum; 342, male labrum; 343, female propodeum; 344, female mesoscutum.
NUMBER 429 105

length 1.8-2.1 mm (x = 2.0, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 1.8-2.1 (x = 2.0, n = 15). (4) Head as

in Figure 340 (length/width ratio 0.86-0.95, x

= 0.90, n = 15). (5) Gena slightly wider than eye,

(6) moderately produced posteriorly. (10)

Clypeal surface noticeably rounded dorsally, contrasting with shallow ventral depression. Labrum

as in Figure 342; (24) distal process weakly developed, broadly to narrowly rounded; (25) basal

area depressed medially; (26) basal lateral depressions present, moderately developed. (30) Mandible short, just reaching opposing clypeal angle.

(53) Clypeus polished; (54) punctures well

formed and dense along basal edge, apical twothirds virtually impunctate, punctures very fine

and scattered. (68) Clypeal maculation present

(Figure 340). (69) Flagellum light brown ventrally, contrasting with dark dorsum. (72) Tarsi

dark, concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 345;

(82) hairs on sternum IV erect, longer at midline

than laterally; (83) sternum V with median rosette of moderately short, erect hairs that become

longer laterally, erect hairs reaching lateral margin of sternum or with erect hairs confined to

central portion of sternum.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

350; (85) sternum VIII with short, narrowly

FIGURE 345.—Lasioglossum colatum, male sternal vestiture.

rounded median process. Genitalia as in Figures

346-349; (86) gonobase moderately elongate;

(87) gonostylus broad, apex narrowly rounded;

(89) retrorse membranous lobe narrow, parallelsided; (90) volsella with very prominent lateral

lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 352).—Lasioglossum

colatum females have been collected from March

through early October, with most records coming from June and July, with a peak in early July.

The one female taken in March was from Franklin County, Idaho (8 Mar 1969); the one October

record is from Nez Perce County, Idaho (1 Oct

1944). Males have been taken from July through

early September.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Females (21): Compositae 61%; Salicaceae 17%. Total: 21 in six families, eight genera as follows:

Clematis 19; Euphorbia 29; Rosa 19; Rudbeckia 19; Salix 29;

Scrophularia 19; Senecio 19; Taraxacum 129.

MITE ASSOCIATES.—Although the acarinarium of L. colatum is only very weakly developed

(Figure 351), 17 (6.8%) of the females examined

were associated with phoretic mites.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—277 (2659, 126*).

CANADA. ALBERTA: Drumheller, Edmonton, Elkwater,

Medicine Hat. BRITISH COLUMBIA: Fernie, Lillooet, OK

Falls, Summerland.

UNITED STATES. CALIFORNIA: Alpine Co.: Markleeville, Woodfords; Fresno Co.: Pioneer Basin; Lassen Co.:

Hallelujah Junction; Modoc Co.: Davis Creek; Plumas Co.:

Frenchmans Lake. COLORADO: Archuleta Co.: Pagosa

Springs; Boulder Co.: Boulder; Jefferson Co.: Morrison; Moffat

Co.: Lay; Ouray Co.: Ouray; Routt Co.: Columbine (4 mi N),

Steamboat Springs (4 mi E); Teller Co.: Florissant. IDAHO:

Adams Co.: Council, New Meadows; Cassia Co.: Elba-Basin

Pass, Oakley, 5 min NW: Franklin Co.; Fremont Co.: St.

Anthony; Latah Co.; Nez Perce Co.: Lewiston; Oneida Co.;

Owyhee Co.: Little Valley; Twin Falls Co.: Magic Mt., near

Twin Falls. MONTANA: Flathead Co.: Glacier National Park,

West Glacier; Gallatin Co.: Bozeman, Squaw Creek.

NEVADA: Carbon Co.: Rosebud Canyon; Douglas Co.: Dagget Pass; Elko Co.: Deeth, Lamoile Lake; Eureka Co.: Red

House Ranch; Humboldt Co.: Lye Creek Camp (18 mi N

Paradise Valley); Lander Co.: Austin Summit (2.5 mi E),

Blackbird Ranch (10 mi SE Austin). OREGON: Benton Co.:

Alsea Mount, Corvallis; Grant Co.: Sheep Mt. Road, Summit

Prairie; Harney Co.: Fish Lake (16 mi E Frenchglen), Frenchglen, North Fork Malheur River; Wallowa Co.: Minam State
106 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

350

FIGURES 346-351.—Lasioglossum colatum: 346, male genitalia, ventral view; 347, same, dorsal

view; 348, same, lateral view; 349, male gonostylus; 350, male sterna VII—VIII; 351, female

acarinariuni at base of tergum I.
30 -

10 -

J A S *

FIGURE 352.—Lasioglossum colatum flight records.

Park. SOUTH DAKOTA: Meade Co.: Hanna. UTAH: BOX Elder

Co.; Cache Co.; Daggett Co.; Davis Co.: Framington; Millard

Co.: Fillmore; Salt Lake Co.: Parleys Canyon, Salt Lake City;

San Juan Co.: Hide Out Canyon; Sanpete Co.: Indianola;

Summit Co.: Wanship; Weber Co.: Liberty, Willard Basin, Wolf

Creek. WASHINGTON: Asotin Co.: Asotin; King Co.: Maple

Valley; Stevens Co.: Colville, 4 mi S; Thurston Co.: Olympia;

Walla Walla Co.: Walla Walla; Whitman Co.: Pullman. WYOMING: Albany Co.: Laramie, Medicine Bow National Forest;

Fremont Co.: Lander; Teton Co.: Grand Teton National Park;

Uinta Co.: unspecified locality.

13. Lasioglossum coriaceum (Smith)

FIGURES 27, 64, 72-74, 353-364

Halictus coriaceus Smith, 1853:70 [female].—Provancher,

1882:199; 1883:699; 1888:316.—Robertson, 1894:435-

480 [flower records].—Dalla Torre, 1896:59 [World catalog].—Cockerell, 1898c:50 [key, taxonomic notes];

1905b:349 [taxonomic note].—Crawford, 1906:303 [taxonomic notes].—Graenicher, 1906:13 [flower record];

1907:84-95 [flower records].—Lovell, 1908:34 [locality

and flower records].—Graenicher, 1909:19-77 [flower

records].—Brittain and Newton, 1933:344 [flower record]; 1934:262 [flower records].—Cockerell, 1949:446

[comparison to H. uyacensis].

Halictus subquadratus Smith, 1853:72 [male].

107

Halictus 6-cinctus Provancher, 1882:200 [male].

Halictus sexcinctus Provancher.—Dalla Torre, 1896:59

[emendation].

Halictus coniaceus.—Cockerell, 1918b:261 [lapsus calami].

Curtisapis coriacea Robertson, 1918:91 [key].—Reinhard,

1924:371 [predator, Philanthus gibbosus (Fabricius)].—

Robertson, 1929 [flower records].

Lasioglossum coriaceum.—Robertson, 1902:247 [key].—

Michener, 1951:1106 [Nearctic catalog].—Evans and Lin,

1959:123, 130 [predator, Philanthus gibbosus].—Mitchell,

1960:338, 339, 341 [key, redescription].—Knerer and

Atwood, 1962:163 [locality and flower records].—Hurd,

1979:1957 [Nearctic catalog].—Eickwort, 1979:577

[mites].—Hurd et al., 1980:27, 65 [flower records].—

Duffield et al., 1981:323 [Dufour's gland chemistry].

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype of

Halictus coriaceus is labeled

Type H.T. [circular label with orange-red border]/B.M.

TYPE HYM. 14.a.998/B.M. TYPE HYM. Halictus coriaceus Smith 1853 [handwritten]/coriaceus Sm.[Smith] Type

[handwritten]/Ent. club 44-12.

The specimen is in poor condition, missing the

front left wing, the front and middle legs on the

left side as well as the last two tarsomeres of the

hind left leg. The left hind wing is partially

broken at the base. The holotype is in the British

Museum (Natural History).

The male holotype of Halictus subquadratus,

also in the British Museum, is missing both hind

legs beyond the coxae and the distal three tarsomeres of the middle left leg. During shipment

in November, 1983, the abdomen broke off behind the first metasomal segment and has been

placed in a plastic genitalia capsule attached to

the specimen pin. The specimen is labeled.

Type H.T. [circular label with orange-red border]/B.M.

TYPE HYM. 17.a.l003/B.M. TYPE HYM. Halictus

subquadratus Smith 1853 [handwritten ]/subquadratus

Sm.[Smith] (Type) [handwritten]/11 [illegible numbers] 490

[handwritten]/Ent. Club. 44 12.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 353).—Lasioglossum

coriaceum is a very common eastern bee found

from Cape Breton Island south to northern

Georgia and west to Minnesota and eastern Kansas. Three isolated western records are one female from Glenboro, Manitoba (CNC), seven

females from Pennington County, South Dakota

(AMNH), and one female from Sioux County,
108 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

^v^-W

FIGURE 353.—Distribution of Lasioglossum coriaceum.

Nebraska (University of Nebraska). Both nearctic catalogs incorrectly report this species as far

west as Alberta and New Mexico; however, these

western records are most likely based on misidentifications of L. forbesii (sensu lato) and L.

trizonatum (sensu lato). One male in the USNM

labeled "Florida" (no additional data) may be

mislabeled.

DIAGNOSIS.—The female of Lasioglossum coriaceum can be distinguished from all other known

New World Lasioglossum by the acarinarium on

the first metasomal tergum, which is completely

enclosed by a circular fringe of elongate hairs

(Figure 72). All other species having acarinaria

have a dorsal acarinarial opening that is narrow

(Figure 408) to very wide (Figure 393). The

acarinarium of L. acuminatum is most similar to

that of L. coriaceum in being nearly completely

enclosed by fringe hairs, but even here there is a

very narrow dorsal opening (Figure 407). Another highly diagnostic feature of L. coriaceum is

the very low mesoscutal anterior edge, which is

only slightly elevated from the pronotum (as in

Figure 87; compare to Figure 90). The only

other species having a low mesocutal edge is L.

transvorsum, a Mexican species that differs from

L. coriaceum in having a densely granuloso-punctate mesoscutum (Figure 649) and by lacking an

acarinarium. Other helpful characters for recognizing L. coriaceum females are the smooth posterior half of the dorsal propodeal surface (Figure 358) and the strongly sinuate lateral edge of

the second metasomal tergum (Figure 64; a similar tergal edge is found only in L. anhypops and

L. trizonatum from the western United States).

The anterior mesoscutal edge in male L. coriaceum is flush with the pronotum and not even

slightly raised as in the females. In addition, the

males have subquadrate heads with strongly produced genae and extremely elongate mandibles

that reach the opposing mandibular bases. In the

eastern United States only the male of L. acumi-
NUMBER 429 109

natum has similar elongate mandibles that are

slightly shorter than those of L. coriaceum, reaching just short of the opposing mandibular bases.

However, Lasioglossum acuminatum has an elevated mesoscutal edge and yellow tarsi (tarsi

dark, concolorous with the tibiae in L. coriaceum).

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 8.3-

11.2 mm (x = 9.8, n = 20); (2) wing length 2.7-

3.1 mm (x = 2.9, n = 20); (3) abdominal width

2.6-3.5 mm (x = 3.0, n = 20).

Structure: (4) Head elongate (Figure 354);

length/width ratio 0.89-1.0, x = 0.94, n = 34.

(7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8) moderately protuberant. (9) Clypeus strongly projecting below lower margin of eyes by approximately 0.86 of its length; (11) surface without

median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral ocelli subequal to distance between

lateral ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1

slightly shorter than 2 along dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure 356; (27) distal keel moderately broad in frontal view, slightly wider basally;

(28) distal lateral projections moderately well

developed, triangular; (29) fimbrial setae acutely

pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle narrowly obtuse;

(33) pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge sharply edged. (35) Mesoscutal lip rounded, not bilobed, (36) very weakly

elevated from pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of

propodeum about 0.89 the length of scutellum

and about 1.7 times the length of metanotum,

(41) not noticeably depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin broadly rounded; (43) propodeal

triangle weakly defined, median portion not elevated, lateral rims absent; (44) lateral carinae

extending at most to midpoint of posterior surface. (45) Tibial spur as in Figure 27.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II very

strongly sinuate (Figure 64).

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely punctate below ocelli, punctures contiguous, becoming larger and less dense near antennae. (51)

Supraclypeal area polished, (51) punctures separated by their width laterally, separated by 2-4

times their width centrally. (53) Clypeus polished; (54) punctures well formed, separated by

their width or less along basal edge, becoming

sparse centrally, separated by 1-2 times their

width, apical edge and apicolateral areas largely

impunctate. (56) Mesoscutum dull (57) punctation as in Figure 359, punctures variable in size,

not distinctly doubly-punctate; punctures separated by their width laterally, becoming less

dense anteriorly and centrally, punctures separated by 1-4 times their width. (58) Scutellum

sparsely punctate adjacent to median line, punctures separated by 2-3 times their width. (63)

Dorsal surface of propodeum incompletely striolate, striae reaching posterior surface laterally,

confined to basal one-third medially (Figure

358); (64) surface alveolated. (65) Metasomal

tergum I moderately shiny; (66) punctation fine,

dense, punctures slightly less than their width

apart.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane light yellowish brown, somewhat clearer towards apex.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head pale yellowish brown. (75) Pubescence of thorax mostly

pale yellowish brown, white on pronotal lateral

angle, pronotal lobe, and metanotum; (76)

mesoscutal hairs moderately sparse and plumose.

(77) Hind tibial hairs concolorous, yellowish

brown. (78) Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum

I pale yellowish brown, (79) basal hair bands of

terga II-IV white. (80) Acarinarium present

(Figure 72), a relatively small circular, glabrous

area at base of tergum I, completely encircled by

elongate fringe hairs, dorsal opening of acarinarium absent.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 6.8-9.8 mm (x = 8.1, n = 20); (2) wing

length 1.8-2.5 mm (x = 2.3, n = 20); (3) abdominal width 1.8-2.8 mm (x = 2.1, n = 20). (4)

Head as in Figure 355 (length/width ratio 0.83-

0.96, x = 0.93, n = 20). (5) Gena wider than eye,

(6) strongly produced posteriorly. (10) Clypeal

surface shallowly depressed ventrally. Labrum as

in Figure 357; (24) distal process present, developed as a flat, acute projection; (25) basal area

weakly depressed medially; (26) basal lateral
110 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 354-359.—Lasioglossum coriaceum: 354, female head; 355, male head; 356, female

labrum; 357, male labrum; 358, female propodeum; 359, female mesoscutum.
NUMBER 429 111

depressions absent. (30) Mandible extremely

elongate, reaching opposing mandibular base.

(53) Clypeus polished; (54) punctures well

formed and dense basally, very fine and scattered

over apical two-thirds. (68) Clypeal maculation

present (Figure 355). (69) Flagellum entirely

dark or with ventral surface slightly paler than

dorsum. (72) Tarsi dark, concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: (82) Hairs on sternum IV erect,

elongate, longer at midline than laterally; (83)

sternum V with relatively inconspicuous median

rosette of short erect hairs, posterior edge of

sternum with short, broadly rounded, adpressed

hair lobes.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

363; (85) sternum VIII with short, narrowly

rounded median process. Genitalia as in Figures

360-362; (86) gonobase moderately elongate;

(87) gonostylus moderately broad basally, gradually tapering to acute apex; (89) retrorse membranous lobe moderately broad; (90) volsella with

very prominent lateral lobe.

FIGURES 360-363.—Lasioglossum coriaceum, male: 360, genitalia, ventral view; 361, same,

dorsal view; 362, gonostylus; 363, sterna VII-VIII.
112

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 364).—Lasioglossum

coriaceum females have been collected from the

second half of March through early October,

with most records from late June. Virtually all

male records are from July through October.

Unusual records are as follows: one male from

Rockville, Pennsylvania, 25 May 1910; one male

from Dorset, Ontario, 21 May 1961; two in June

(Mattituck, New York, 4 Jun 1934; Hemmingford, Quebec, 24 Jun 1916) and one in November (Great Falls, Virginia, 10-18 Nov 1978). In

the northern part of the species distributionrange, male records peak in early September,

whereas males to the south peak in the second

half of August.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Floral data indicates that

L. coriaceum is broadly polylectic. Hurd et al.

(1980) have reported this species as being a "cas400

300 -

200

100

200

100

,r^^,t/^^p?^

J JASO N

FIGURE 364.—Lasioglossum coriaceum flight records.

ual polylege" of Helianthus. The 332 females

examined in this study that had associated floral

data were taken nearly equally from flowers of

the Compositae, Cruciferae, Leguminosae, and

Rosaceae. These four families accounted for

71 % of all female flower records; 46 females

were noted to have full to nearly full pollen loads

and these were taken from flowers representing

six families.

Summary: Females (332): Rosaceae 22%;

Compositae 17%; Cruciferae 16%; Leguminosae

15%. Males (71): Compositae 80%; Rosaceae

10%. Total: 403 in 30 families, 69 genera as

follows:

Alliaria 29; Allionia 119; Althaea 19, 1(5; Amelanchier 29;

Amorpha 19; Anaphalis 19; Angelica 19; Apocynum 39; Arctium

19; Asparagus 19; Aster 69, 1 Id; * Barbarea 37(11)9; * Brasska 13(2)9; Camassia 19; Campanula 29; Capsella 19; Castanea 19; Ceanothus 59; Cichorium 39; Cirsium 19; Cornus 29;

Crataegus 19; Daucus 1(5; * Echium 5(3)9; Erigeron 39; 26;

Eryngium 19; Eupatorium 26; Forsythia 19; Geranium 39;

Helianthus 29; 1(5; Hieracium 89; * Houstonia 2(2)9; * Hydrangea 1(1)9; Hydrophyllum 19; Leontodon 29; Lonicera 19;

Malva 1(5; Medicago 39; 1<5; Melilotus 419, 26; * Pastinaca

1(1)9; Pentstemon 19; Philadelphus 39; Phlox 19; Physocarpus

19; Polemonium 39; Polygonum 16; * Potentilla 19(13)9; Prunus 69; Pyrus 109; 76; Ranunculus 29; * Rhus 13(5)9; * Rosa

19(2)9; * Rubus 15(5)9; Rudbeckia 39, 3(5; Salix 99; Saliva 19;

Solidago 159, 37(5; Sonchus 49, 1(5; Sorbaria 29; Spirea 59;

* Taraxacum 6(1)9; * Trifolium 6(1)9; Tussilago 39; Vaccinium

49; Veronica 29; Veronicastrum 16; Viburnum 39; Viola 39;

Zizia 29.

MITE ASSOCIATES.—Of the 1786 females examined, 1356 (76%) had hypopodes in their acarinaria. This is in general agreement with Eickwort's (1979) estimate that "85% of museum

specimens bear anoetid hypopodes." Two

hundred eighty-three (43%) of the 656 males

examined carried hypopodes on their ventral

surface, usually from the venter of the thorax to

the front coxae and genae (rarely on the mandibles).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—2442 (1786$, 6566*).

CANADA. MANITOBA: Glenboro. NEW BRUNSWICK: Albert Mines, 5 mi W, Fredericton, Kouchibouguac, Moore's

Milles, Nerepis, St. Andrews, 15 mi N. NOVA SCOTIA: Ann

Co.: Baddeck (Cape Breton Island); Digby Co.; Hants Co.:

Kentville; Kings Co.: Smith's Cove. ONTARIO: Carleton Co.;

Dufferin Co.; Elgin Co.; Essex Co.; Frontenac Co.; Grenville Co.;
NUMBER 429 113

Haliburton Co.; Hastings Co.; Kent Co.; Lanark Co.; Leeds Co.;

Middlesex Co.; Muskoka District: Severn Bridge; Parry Sound

District: Callender; Peterborough Co.; Simcoe Co.; Sudbury

District: Peach Lake; Renfrew Co.; York Co. QUEBEC: Aylmer,

Chelsea, Covey Hill, Ft. Coulonge, Harrington Lake, Hemmingford, Hull, He Perrot, Kirk's Ferry, LaTrappe, Montreal, St. Johns, Ste. Annes, Rupert.

UNITED STATES. CONNECTICUT: ¥ airfield Co.; Hartford Co.; Litchfield Co.; New London Co.; Tolland Co. DISTRICT

OF COLUMBIA: Washington D.C. FLORIDA: (?) no other data

(16, USNM). GEORGIA: Fannin Co.; Lumpkin Co.; Towns Co.:

Blue Mt., Rocky Mt.; Union Co.: Levelland Mt.; White Co.:

Tray Mt. ILLINOIS: Champaign Co.; Coles Co.; Cook Co.; Jo

Davies Co.; Kane Co.; Lake Co.; La Salle Co.; McDonough Co.;

McHenry Co.; McLean Co.; Ogle Co.; Peoria Co.; Piatt Co.; Rock

Island Co.; Vermilion Co.; Whiteside Co.; Will Co.; Woodford

Co. INDIANA: Clark Co.; Crawford Co.; Dearborn Co.; Gibson

Co.; Harrison Co.; Howard Co.; Knox Co.; Kosciusko Co.; Parke

Co.; Ripley Co.; Tippecanoe Co.; Warren Co.; Wayne Co. IOWA:

Boone Co.; Dickinson Co.; Dubuque Co.; Fayette Co.; Fremont

Co.; Iowa Co.; Page Co.; Story Co.; Webster Co.; Woodbury Co.;

Wright Co. KANSAS: Anderson Co.: Garnett; Douglas Co.; Marshall Co.: Blue Rapids, Maryville; Riley Co.: Manhattan.

MAINE: Aroostock Co.: Washburn; Cumberland Co.; Franklin

Co.; Lincoln Co.; Oxford Co.; Penobscot Co.; Waldo Co.; Washington Co.: Princeton; York Co.

MARYLAND: Baltimore Co.; Prince Georges Co.; Montgomery

Co. MASSACHUSETTS: all counties except Hampden and Berkshire. MICHIGAN: Allegan Co.; Baraga Co.; Bay Co.; Berrien

Co.; Branch Co.; Cheboygan Co.; Chippewa Co.; Clare Co.;

Clinton Co.; Crawford Co.; Eaton Co.; Emmet Co.; Gladwin Co.;

Gratiot Co.; Hillsdale Co.; Houghton Co.; Ingham Co.; Ionia

Co.; Kalamazoo Co.; Kalkaska Co.; Lake Co.; Lenawee Co.;

Livingston Co.; Mackinac Co.; Manistee Co.; Marquette Co.;

Mecosta Co.; Midland Co.; Missaukee Co.; Monroe Co.; Oakland

Co.; Presque Isle Co.; Roscommon Co.; Saginaw Co.; St. Joseph

Co.; Schoolcraft Co.; Van Buren Co.; Washtenaw Co.; Wayne Co.

MINNESOTA: Aitkin Co.; Anoka Co.; Becker Co.; Carlton Co.;

Carver Co.; Chisago Co.; Clay Co.; Clearwater Co.; Dakota Co.;

Fairbault Co.; Fillmore Co.; Freeborn Co.; Hennepin Co.; Houston Co.; Itasca Co.; Jackson Co.; Marshall Co.; Mille Lacs Co.;

Murray Co.; Norman Co.; Olmsted Co.; Pine Co.; Pipestone Co.;

Ramsey Co.; Rock Co.; St. Louis Co.; Stearns Co.; Steele Co.;

Wabasha Co.; Wright Co. MISSOURI: Franklin Co.: unspecified

locality, Pike Co.: Louisiana. NEBRASKA: Cuming Co.: West

Point; Douglas Co.: Omaha; Lancaster Co.: Lincoln; Sioux Co.:

War Bonnet.

NEW HAMPSHIRE: all counties except Rockingham and

Sullivan. NEW JERSEY: Bergen Co.; Morris Co.: Lake Hopatcong; Union Co.: Plainfield. NEW YORK: Albany Co.; Bronx

Co.; Broome Co.; Cattaraugus Co.; Cayuga Co.; Columbia Co.;

Dutchess Co.; Erie Co.; Essex Co.; Genesee Co.; Greene Co.;

Herkimer Co.; Kings Co.; Madison Co.; Monroe Co.; Nassau Co.;

Niagara Co.; Onondaga Co.; Ontario Co.; Orange Co.; Oswego

Co.; Otsego Co.; Rensselaer Co.; St. Lawrence Co.; Saratoga Co.;

Schoharie Co.; Schuyler Co.; Seneca Co.; Suffolk Co.; Sullivan

Co.; Tioga Co.; Tompkins Co.; Ulster Co.; Warren Co.; Westchester Co. NORTH CAROLINA: Buncombe Co.: Black Mts.; Graham

Co.: Robbinsville; Haywood Co.: Eagle's Nest Mt., N of Hazelwood; Jackson Co.: Willets; Macon Co.: Highlands, Van

Hook Glade; Swain Co.; Yancey Co. NORTH DAKOTA: Cass

Co.: Fargo. OHIO: Ashtabula Co.; Butler Co.; Champaign Co.;

Clark Co.; Cuyahoga Co.; Delaware Co.; Fairfxeld Co.; Franklin

Co.; Greene Co.; Hamilton Co.; Hocking Co.; Jackson Co.; Lawrence Co.; Lucas Co.; Miami Co.; Ottawa Co.; Portage Co.; Ross

Co.; Scioto Co.; Stark Co.; Summit Co.; Vinton Co. PENNSYLVANIA: Allegheny Co.; Beaver Co.; Butler Co.; Centre Co.; Crawford Co.; Cumberland Co.; Dauphin Co.; Delaware Co.; Erie

Co.; Fayette Co.; Lehigh Co.; Northumberland Co.; Pike Co.;

Union Co.; Westmoreland Co.; York Co.

RHODE ISLAND: Washington Co.: Davisville. SOUTH DAKOTA: Pennington Co.: Spring Creek Camp (11 mi NE Hill

City). TENNESSEE: Campbell Co.: Caryville, 4 mi W; Morgan

Co.: Morgan State Forest (4 mi N Petros); Union Co.: LaFolette, 11 mi SE. VERMONT: Addison Co.; Bennington Co.;

Chittenden Co.; Franklin Co.; Windham Co.; Windsor Co. VIRGINIA: Arlington Co.; Bedford Co.: Flat Top Mt.; Clarke Co.:

Shenandoah River at Berrys; Fairfax Co.; Giles Co.: Mt. Lake

Biological Station; Montgomery Co.; Prince Edward Co.: Farmville. WEST VIRGINIA: Brooke Co.: Chester; Hardy Co.: Lost

River State Park; Raleigh Co.: unspecified locality; Tucker

Co.: Davis, Parsons; Wyoming Co.: Baileysville. WISCONSIN:

Bayfield Co.; Burnett Co.; Clark Co.; Columbia Co.; Dane Co.;

Dodge Co.; Door Co.; Douglas Co.; Dunn Co.; Fond du Lac Co.;

Grant Co.; Jefferson Co.; Manitowoc Co.; Marathon Co.; Milwaukee Co.; Pierce Co.; Polk Co.; Racine Co.; Rock Co.; St. Croix

Co.; Sauk Co.; Shawano Co.; Trempealeau Co.; Vernon Co.;

Waukesha Co.; Waupaca Co.; Waushara Co.; Winnebago Co.

14. Lasioglossum costale (Vachal)

FIGURES 28, 365-371

Halictus costalis Vachal, 1904:475 [female].—Cockerell,

1905a:90[key].

Halictus matensis Friese, 1916:303 [female]. [New Synonymy.]

Lasioglossum costale.—Moure and Hurd, 1986:60 [catalog].

TYPE MATERIAL.—Vachal based his description of Halictus costalis on four syntypic females

deposited in the Paris Museum (MNHNP).

Moure and Hurd (1986) state that "one of the

females of the original type series (collection

Sichel) was labeled by one of us (Moure) in April,

1958 as the lectoholotype and is now so designated." This specimen now lacks the lectoholotype label mentioned above and instead has a
114 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

large red "HOLOTYPE" label. In order to avoid

additional confusion I have reattached a lectotype label with the designation attributed to

Moure. The lectotype is in good condition, missing only the last two tarsomeres of the left hind

leg and most of the mesoscutal hairs. It is labeled

MUSEUM PARIS Mexique [handwritten] COLL. O.

SICHEL 1867/HOLOTYPE [handwritten on red label]/

costalis? Vach.[al] [handwritten by Vachal?]/Halictuscostalis

Vach. [handwritten]/LECTOTYPE Halictus costalis Vachal

designated by] Moure [red label; labeled by McGinley,

1984].

I have attached yellow "PARALECTOTYPE"

labels to the three remaining females in Vachal's

original series.

Friese based his description of H. matensis on

two females from San Mateo, Costa Rica. The

one specimen available for study is herein designated the lectotype; it is labeled

Costa Rica San Mateo 1904/Halictus matensis? 1915 Friese

Fr. det./Typus [square orange label]/Zool. Mus. Berlin/

LECTOTYPE Halictus matensis designated by] McGinley.

The lectotype is missing the left antenna but

otherwise is in excellent condition. It is deposited

in the Museum fur Naturkunde der HumboldtUniversitat zu Berlin.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 365).—Lasioglossum

costale has been collected from Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and the Mexican states of

Michoacan, Veracruz, and Chiapas. Only 22 females and 6 males are currently known.

DIAGNOSIS.—The combination of the entirely

granuloso-punctate mesoscutum (similar to Figure 649; not coarse as in L. cercothrix, Figure

313), ruguloso-striolate dorsal propodeal surface

(as in Figure 1), the absence of a metasomal

acarinarium and the lack of conspicuous infuscation along the anterior edge of the forewing

will distinguish the females of L. transvorsum, L.

costale, L. manitouellum, L. asaphes, and L. xyriotropis from those of other New World Lasioglossum. Lasioglossum transvorsum is easily recognized by the elevated, V-shaped propodeal rim

(Figure 650) and the distinctive, adpressed hair

patches on the anterior surface of tergum I (Figure 651). The pronotal lateral carina of L.

asaphes and L. xyriotropis is complete (Figures

FIGURE 365.—Distribution of Lasioglossum costale, light form (circle) and dark form (triangle).
NUMBER 429 115

280, 732), whereas that of L. costale and L. manitouellum is distinctly interrupted by a lateral

sulcus. This interruption is broad and conspicuous in L. costale (Figure 281) versus narrow yet

distinct in L. manitouellum. The latter species has

hyaline forewing membranes with lightly infuscated apices (Figure 152), whereas the wings of

L. costale are pale orange throughout.

Most females of L. costale have pale yellowish

brown mesoscutal pubescence and distinctive

pale yellowish orange hind tibiae. However,

three females, including both types, have dark

brown mesoscutal hairs and dark brown tibiae

(see "Remarks" section).

The males of L. costale can be recognized by

the vestiture of sternum V, which is characterized by a dense rosette of short hairs on the

posterior edge that expands into lateral lobes of

relatively long hairs (Figure 371).

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 7.8-9.3

mm (x = 8.6, n = 13); (2) wing length 2.3-2.6

mm (x = 2.5, n = 13); (3) abdominal width 2.3-

2.9mm(x = 2.7, n = 13).

Structure: (4) Head short (similar to Figure

303); length/width ratio 0.83-0.92, x = 0.89, n

= 13. (7) Supraclypeal area slightly narrowly

rounded, (8) moderately protuberant. (9)

Clypeus projecting approximately 0.85 of its

length below lower margin of eyes; (11) surface

apparently without median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral ocelli subequal

to distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (23)

Flagellomere 1 subequal to 2 in length along

dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure 366; (27)

distal keel moderately narrow in frontal view,

nearly parallel-sided; (28) distal lateral projections somewhat small but distinct, triangular; (29)

fimbrial setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle narrowly obtuse,

pointed; (33) pronotal lateral ridge incomplete,

interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower

portion of lateral ridge narrowly rounded. (35)

Mesoscutal lip weakly bilobed, (36) moderately

elevated from pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of

propodeum about 0.84 the length of scutellum

and about 1.6 times the length of metanotum,

367

FIGURES 366, 367.—Lasioglossum costale: 366, female labrum; 367, male sterna VII-VIII.

(41) depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin

broadly rounded; (43) propodeal triangle weakly

defined, evident medially as a low V-shaped elevation, lateral rims absent; (44) lateral carinae

extending approximately one-third the length of

posterior surface. (45) Tibial spur as in Figure

28.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II very

weakly sinuate.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely and

uniformly punctate between ocelli and antennae,

punctures contiguous. (51) Supraclypeal area

strigulate; (52) obscurely and sparsely punctate,
116 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

punctures separated by 1-5 times their width.

(53) Clypeus granulate basally, apical two-thirds

moderately polished; (54) punctures obscure

basally, large and elongated apically, separated

by their width or less. (56) Mesoscutum moderately shiny; (57) punctation as in Figure 649,

punctures extremely dense, contiguous throughout, becoming granuloso-punctate anteriorly.

(58) Scutellum granuloso-punctate posteriorly,

punctures less dense and larger anteriorly adjacent to median line, separated by 1-2 times their

width. (63) Dorsal surface of propodeum completely ruguloso-striolate (similar to Figure 1);

(64) surface alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum

I moderately shiny; (66) punctation fine, extremely dense, punctures nearly contiguous.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane deep yellowish orange, becoming infuscated apically.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head yellowish

brown near antennae, becoming gold-brown on

vertex (brown on vertex in three females). (75)

Pubescence of thorax mostly pale yellowish

brown, white on pronotal lateral angle and pronotal lobe (mesoscutal hairs brown in three females); (76) mesoscutal hairs moderately dense

and plumose. (77) Hind tibial hair color differentiated, ventral hairs golden, dorsal hairs brown

(hairs mostly dark brown in three females). (78)

Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum I pale yellowish brown, (79) basal hair bands of terga IIIV white. (80) Acarinarium absent, elongate

hairs scattered over anterior surface of tergum

I.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 6.4-8.0 mm (x = 7.2, n = 3); (2) wing

length 2.0-2.2 mm (x = 2.1, n = 3); (3) abdominal width 1.8-2.1 mm (x = 2.0, n = 3). (4) Head

moderately elongate (length/width ratio 0.91-

0.95, x = 0.92, n = 3). (5) Gena subequal to eye

in width, (6) moderately produced posteriorly.

(10) Clypeal surface shallowly depressed ventrally. (24) Labral distal process absent; (25) basal

area depressed medially; (26) basal lateral depressions weakly developed. (30) Mandible short, just

reaching opposing clypeal angle. (53) Clypeus

granulate basally, apical two-thirds polished; (54)

punctures well formed, nearly contiguous

basally, very fine and scattered over apical

two-thirds. (68) Clypeal maculation present. (69)

Flagellum entirely darL (72) Tarsi dark, concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 371;

(82) hairs on sternum IV moderately short, suberect to erect; (83) hairs on sternum V very short,

suberect, posterior edge of sternum with median

rosette of short, dense hairs that expand laterally

into moderately elongate hair lobes.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

367; (85) sternum VIII with short, broadly

rounded median process. Genitalia as in Figures

368-370; (86) gonobase moderately elongate;

(87) gonostylus extremely elongate and slender;

(89) retrorse membranous lobe moderately

broad with characteristic hair patch along apical

margin; (90) volsella with prominent lateral lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS.—Lasioglossum costale females have been collected in every month except

January, August, and November. The six known

males have been taken from early March through

May.

FLOWER RECORDS.—One pollen-laden female

taken from Bidens pilosa (Compositae) in Michoacan, Mexico.

REMARKS.—The lectotype females of both

Halictus costalis Vachal and H. matensis Friese

have dark brown mesoscutal hairs and dark

brown hind tibiae. Only one other "dark form"

female from Simojovel, Chiapas, is known. Vachal's syntype series of four females included two

with pale yellowish brown mesoscutal pubescence

and yellowish orange hind tibiae that were labeled "H.[alictus] costalis var.[iety]." In his original description Vachal lists these specimens as

representing a variety of H. costalis with "translucent posterior tibiae." It is this "light form" of

Lasioglossum costale that has been most commonly

collected. Considerable variation exists in the

pigmentation of hind tibiae; in fact, one of the

females Vachal grouped with the one "dark

form" female in his series actually has light brown

tibiae and pale yellowish brown mesoscutal pubescence characteristic of the "light form."
NUMBER 429 117

s g ,

370 371

FIGURES 368-371.—Lasioglossum costale, male: 368, genitalia, ventral view; 369, same, dorsal

view; 370, same, lateral view; 371, sternal vestiture.

Nevertheless, the possibility exists that these two

forms represent distinct species, but aside from

the color differences mentioned above, the only

detected morphological difference is that the

posterior margin of the dorsal propodeal surface

is more sharply edged in the "dark form" females.

Furthermore, one male collected on 18 Mar

1953, in the vicinity of a "dark form" female

taken on 19 Mar 1953 near Simojovel, Chiapas,

appears to be identical with other males associated with "light form" females.

Vachal ended his treatment of Halictus costalis
118 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

by indicating that the species (or possibly just the

"light form" females) may prove to be conspecific

with H. politus Smith, 1879 (preoccupied by politus Schenck, 1853) (= H. schenckii (Ritsema)).

Type material of H. schenckii or presumed conspecific specimens could not be located for study.

Smith's description is very generalized but he

does mention that the wings of H. schenckii are

pale fulvo-hyaline, and Cockerell (1898c, 1905b)

states that the wings are "strongly yellowish."

This sounds similar to the condition found in L.

costale but cannot be determined in the absence

of type material. Lasioglossum schenckii, herein

treated as a nomen dubium, would have priority

if shown to be conspecific with L. costale.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—28 (22$, 66).

COSTA RICA. San Mateo, 1904 (dark form 9, Halictus

matensis lectotype; Berlin).

GUATEMALA. Antigua, Oct 1965, N.L.H. Krauss(l9;

NMNH).

HONDURAS. Uyaca Peak, 9 Feb. Cockerell (3?;

NMNH).

MEXICO. CHIAPAS: Comitan, 13 mi E, 3 Mar 1953, R.

C. Bechtel, E.I. Schlinger (29, 26*; UCB); Ixtapa, 9 mi S,

1 Apr 1953, R.C. Bechtel, E.I. Schlinger (19, 16"; UCB);

Navenchaue, 8 mi W, 1 Apr 1953, R.C. Bechtel, E.I. Schlinger (1<J; UCB); Rayon, 7 mi W, 17 May 1976, J.R. Powers

(1<$; UCB); San Cristobal de las Casas, 26 Apr, 2 May 1959,

H.E. Evans (29; CU), 8 mi SE, 19 Jul 1956, J.W. MacSwain

(19; UCB), 9 mi E, 29 Jul 1957, J.A. Chemsak, B.J. Rannells

(19; UCB); Simojovel, 4 mi S, 18-19 Mar 1953, R.C.

Bechtel, E.I. Schlinger (I dark form 9, 16*; UCB). MICHOACAN: Tuxpan, 7.1 km W, 22 Sep 1976, on Bidens pilosa

Linne, 1768 m, CD. George, R.R. Snelling (19; NMNH).

VERACRUZ: Ciudad Mendoza, 19 km NW, 11 Jul 1974, J.A.

Chemsak, E. &J. Linsley, J. Powell (29; UCB);Jalapa, 3 Jun

1965 (19; NMNH); Orizaba, 10 mi W, 31 Dec 1940, G.E.

Bohart (19; CAS); Orizaba. 1862, Biart (3 paralectotype 9;

MNHNP). UNSPECIFIED LOCALITY (dark form 9, lectotype of

Halictus costalis).

15. Lasioglossum crocoturum (Vachal), new

combination

FIGURES 1,29, 372-380

Halictus crocoturus Vachal. 1904:473 [female, male].—Cockerell. I905a:90[key].

Halictussericeus Friese. 1916:304 [female]. [New synonymy.]

TYPE MATERIAL.—Vachal did not designate a

holotype for Halictus crocoturus; his description

was based on two females and one male. The one

syntypic female available for study is herein designated the lectotype. It is labeled

Museum Paris, MEXIQUE, Coll. O. Sichel 1867/Mex[ico],

[illegible word, presumably the collector name], [18]67

[handwritten]/HOLOTYPE [handwritten on red label]/crocoturus Vachfal] 9 [handwritten]/Halictus crocoturus

Vach.[al] [handwritten]/LECTOTYPE Halictus crocoturus

Vachal designated by] McGinley.

The lectotype is in good condition but has

many hairs on the head and thorax matted, an

old pin-hole on the left side of the propodeum

and has evidence of old mold growth on the

antennae. The lectotype, male paralectotypes

and presumably the female paralectotype are

deposited in the Paris Museum (MNHNP).

The female holotype of H. sericeus could not

be located for study. See "Remarks" section for

explanation of synonymy.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 372).—Lasioglossum

crocoturum is known from only 10 females and

five males ranging from the Mexican states of

Nayarit, Michoacan, and Oaxaca, south to Guatemala, El Salvador, and Panama.

DIAGNOSIS.—Females and males of L. crocoturum can be distinguished from all other known

Lasioglossum by the following combination: tergum IV nearly entirely covered by short, pale,

adpressed pubescence (Figure 1; not the usual

basal hair band) and the anterior edge of the

forewing, including the marginal cell, conspicuously infuscated (Figure 1). Tergum III of L.

crocoturum females is unique in having two transverse bands of pale, adpressed pubescence (Figure 1). Other characters helpful in recognizing

L. crocoturum are the finely granuloso-punctate

mesoscutum and the dense, conspicuous hair

patches covering the pronotal lateral angle (Figure 1).

Other species having tergum IV covered by

adpressed pubescence are L. tropidonotum and L.

cercothrix. The former has a distinctive median

longitudinal ridge on the mesoscutum (Figure

174) and lacks an infuscated wing pattern.

Lasioglossum cercothrix has only the apex of the

forewing infuscated (the marginal cell is hyaline).

Furthermore, L. cercothrix has a coarsely punc-
NUMBER 429 119

FIGURE 372.—Distribution of Lasioglossum crocoturum (triangle) and L. uyacicola (circle).

tate mesoscutum (Figure 313; finely granulosopunctate in L. crocoturum, Figure 1) and has a

short head (Figure 310, length/width ratio 0.85-

0.92; elongate in L. crocoturum, length/width

ratio 0.88-0.96). Lasioglossum sandrae also has

tergum IV covered by short, adpressed pubescence but is a much larger bee (body length 9.8-

11.1, vs. 7.8-9.6) and has the mesoscutum conspicuously covered by short, suberect pubescence

(mesoscutal hair elongate, erect in L. crocoturum).

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 7.8-9.6

mm (x = 7.5, n = 7); (2) wing length 2.4-2.7

mm (x = 2.6, n = 7); (3) abdominal width 2.4-

3.0 mm (x = 2.8, n = 7).

Structure: (4) Head elongate; length/width

ratio 0.88-0.96, x = 0.92, n = 7. (7) Supraclypeal

area evenly rounded, (8) moderately protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.82

of its length below lower margin of eyes; (11)

surface without median longitudinal sulcation.

(14) Distance between lateral ocelli slightly exceeded by distance between lateral ocellus and

eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 subequal in length to 2

along dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure 373;

(27) distal keel moderately broad, short; (28)

distal lateral projections very well developed,

conspicuously broad, rounded; (29) fimbrial setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle broadly obtuse; (33)

pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, narrowly interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower

portion of lateral ridge narrowly rounded to

sharply edged. (35) Mesoscutal lip weakly bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from pronotum.

(40) Dorsal surface of propodeum about 0.65 the

length of scutellum and about 1.1 times the

length of metanotum, (41) slightly depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin broadly rounded;

(43) propodeal triangle very weakly defined laterally, evident medially by low, rounded Vshaped elevation without lateral rims; (44) lateral

carinae extending approximately three-fourths

the length of the posterior surface, nearly reaching the dorsal propodeal surface. (45) Tibial spur

as in Figure 29.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II very

weakly sinuate.

Sculpture: (47) Face moderately shiny, (48)
120 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 373, 374.—Lasioglossum crocoturum labra: 373, female; 374, male.

densely and nearly uniformly punctate between

ocelli and antennae, punctures contiguous and

only slightly larger near antennae. (51) Supraclypeal area extremely granulate; (52) punctures

separated by their width or less. (53) Clypeus

granulate basally, apical half polished; (54) punctures separated by less than their width basally,

less dense and larger on apical half. (56) Mesoscutum moderately shiny; (57) punctation as in

Figure 1, punctures extremely dense, finely granuloso-punctate throughout. (58) Scutellum

nearly uniformly granuloso-punctate, some

punctures slightly separated near center. (63)

Dorsal surface of propodeum (Figure 1) ruguloso-striolate; (64) surface alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I moderately shiny; (66) granulosopunctate throughout.

Coloration: (70) Posterior two-thirds of wing

membrane mostly hyaline, anterior one-third

along costal margin, including marginal cell,

strongly infuscated.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head golden

(pale yellowish brown in specimens from Michoacan). (75) Pubescence of mesoscutum golden,

hairs on pronotal lateral angle and metanotum

yellowish white (specimens from Michoacan with

mesoscutal hairs pale yellowish brown, pronotal

and metanotal hairs white); hairs on pronotal

lateral angle thick, conspicuous; (76) mesoscutal

hairs moderately dense and plumose. (77) Hind

tibial hair color differentiated, most hairs white,

dorsal hairs light brown to brown. (78) Anterior

hairs of metasomal tergum I white; (78) hair

bands of terga II-IV yellowish white (white in

specimens from Michoacan). (80) Acarinarium

absent, elongate hairs scattered over anterior

surface of tergum I. (80) Tergum III with two

transverse, adpressed hair bands; tergum IV-V

entirely covered by short, adpressed pubescence

(Figure 1).

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 7.2-8.5 mm (x = 8.0, n = 3); (2) wing

length 2.1-2.3 mm (x = 2.2, n = 3); (3) abdominal width 1.9-2.0 (x = 2.0, n = 3). (4) Head

elongate (length/width ratio 0.95-0.96, x =

0.96, n = 3). (5) Gena slightly wider than eye, (6)

well produced posteriorly. (10) Clypeal surface

flat, only faintly depressed near apical margin.

Labrum as in Figure 374; (24) distal process

absent; (25) basal area depressed medially; (26)

basal lateral depressions faint to well developed.

(30) Mandible short, just reaching opposing

clypeal angle. (53) Clypeus weakly granulate basally, apical two-thirds polished; (54) punctures

well formed, nearly contiguous basally, very fine

and scattered over apical two-thirds. (68) Clypeal

maculation present. (69) Flagellum entirely dark.

(72) Tarsi dark, concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 375;

(82) hairs on sternum IV moderately short and
NUMBER 429 121

FIGURE 375.—Lasioglossum crocoturum, male sternal vestiture.

suberect to erect medially, becoming noticeably

longer and erect laterally; (83) sternum V without conspicuous erect hairs, posterior edge of

sternum with broadly rounded, adpressed hair

lobes.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

380; (85) sternum VIII with short, broad, apically rounded median process. Genitalia as in

Figures 376-379; (86) gonobase moderately

elongate; (87) gonostylus broad basally, tapering

to narrowly rounded apex; (89) retrorse membranous lobe enormously broad; (90) volsella

with prominent lateral lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS.—Females of L. crocoturum

have been collected in February, March, late

May, and late September. All known male records are from March.

REMARKS.—I have not seen the type of Halictus sericeus Friese (it could not be found in the

Berlin Museum (ZMHU) where it presumably

was deposited). In his original description, Friese

mentions that the third tergum of H. sericeus has

two transverse bands of short, adpressed hairs

and that the fourth tergum is entirely covered

by similar pubescence. He also notes the infuscated anterior margin of the forewing. This character combination is unique to L. crocoturum

(Vachal), and I therefore feel confident in synonymizing both names. Furthermore, I have a

specimen before me from Guatemala identified

as H. sericeus (apparently identified by Cockerell)

that is clearly conspecific with the type of H.

crocoturus.

Hair coloration is highly variable among specimens of L. crocoturum. Most specimens of L.

crocoturum (including the lectotype) have generally golden pubescence with the hairs on the

pronotal lateral angles, metanotum, and abdominal terga distinctly yellowish white. All of the

specimens examined from Michoacan, Mexico,

have conspicuously white pubescence. This variation is possibly clinal with paler forms occurring

in the northern portion of the species range;

however, because of the paucity of material this

cannot presently be determined.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—14 (99, 5<5).

EL SALVADOR. Parque Nacional del Cerro Verde, 5

Jul 1963, 6800 ft, Scullen, Bolinger (19; OrS).

GUATEMALA. Pochuta, Feb-Mar 1931, 1000 m, J.

Bequaert(19;USU).

MEXICO. MICHOACAN: Huetamo, Highway 15, 7 Mar

1972, F. Parker, D. Miller (49, 3c$; USU). NAYARIT: Santa

Isabella, 9 mi NW, 10 Mar 1972, F. Parker, D. Miller (16;

USU). OAXACA: Guelatao, 22 km NE, 18 Sep 1976, 2758

m, CD. George, R.R. Snelling (19; LACM). UNSPECIFIED

LOCALITY (19 lectotype, 1<5 paralectotype; MNHNP).

PANAMA. CHIRIQUI: Boquete, 20 May 1962, H. Ruckes

(19; AMNH).

16. Lasioglossum desertum (Smith)

FIGURES 30, 302, 381-394

Halictus desertus Smith, 1879:38 [female, male].—Fox,

1893:14 [locality record: Baja California?].—Dalla Torre,

1896:60 [World catalog].—Cockerell, 1897:164 [taxonomic notes]; 1899:5 [locality record]; 1905b:353 [taxonomic notes].—Sandhouse and Cockerell, 1924:333 [distribution].—Cockerell, 1949:446 [taxonomic notes].

Halictus dersertus.—Dalla Torre, 1896:60 [lapsus calami].

Halictus cyaneiceps Cockerell, 1916a:254 [female, male];

1930:6 [relationship to H. heterorhinus]. [New synonymy.]

Lasioglossum cyaneiceps.—Michener, 1951:1106 [Nearctic
122 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

380

FIGURES 376-380.—Lasioglossum crocoturum, male: 376,

genitalia, ventral view; 377, same, dorsal view; 378, gonostylus; 379, volsella; 380, sterna VII-VIII.

catalog].—Hurd, 1979:1957 [Nearctic catalog]. description of Halictus desertus on a female and

Lasioglossum desertum.—Michener, 1954:40 [compared to L. ma l e fro m Qajaca (sic), Mexico. The female lectotype, herein designated, is in poor condition.

TYPE MATERIAL.—Smith based his original The hairs on and around the scutellum are soiled
NUMBER 429 123

and the specimen is missing the following parts:

the left antenna; tarsus and tibia of the left

foreleg; distal tarsomere of the right foreleg; two

distal tarsomeres of the left middle leg; tarsus

and femur of the left hind leg; tarsus of the right

hind leg. The lectotype, in the British Museum

(BMNH), is labeled

Type H.T. [circular label with orange border]/B.M. TYPE

HYM. 17.a.lO12/Halictus desertus (Type) Sm. [handwritten J/LECTOTYPE Halictus desertus Smith designated by]

McGinley.

The female holotype of Halictus cyaneiceps, in

the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, is in excellent condition except for missing the last tarsomere of the left

hind leg. It is labeled

Collector] Townsend/White Mts[Mountains] 7[Jul] 31

NM[New Mexico]/Rio Ruidoso [Lincoln County]

Abt[about] 6500ft/On fls[flowers of] Heliopsis scabra/Type

No. 20407 U.S.N.M.[red label]/Halictus cyaneiceps

CklI.[CockerelI] 9 TYPE [handwritten by Cockerell].

Four female paratypes have been located: two

in the National Museum of Natural History, one

in the Canadian National Collection, and one in

the University of California, Berkeley.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 302).—Lasioglossum

desertum occurs throughout the Rocky Mountain

system as far north as Musselshell County, Montana, south to the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. Most

specimens, however, have been collected in Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. Label data

often includes elevation information with figures

ranging from 5400 to 8750 feet. One male,

possibly mislabeled, was collected from Murray

County, Oklahoma (University of Kansas Collection).

DIAGNOSIS.—The short head (Figure 381;

length/width ratio 0.78-0.92, x = 0.86), hyaline

wing membranes and presence of an acarinarium

on the anterior surface of metasomal tergum I

(Figure 393) will separate female L. desertum

from other Lasioglossum species except L. bardum

and L. jubatum. Lasioglossum jubatum also has an

extremely wide dorsal acarinarial opening (Figure 478), which differs from the relatively narrow opening found in L. bardum (Figure 307).

Lasioglossum jubatum can be easily recognized by

the deep golden to pale ferrugineous mesoscutal

pubescence (white in L. desertum). Lasioglossum

acarophilum (from Mexico and southern Arizona)

and L. uyacicola (from Chiapas, Mexico to Panama) also have very wide dorsal acarinarial openings but have relatively elongate heads (Figures

246, 724) and mesoscuta that are completely

granuloso-punctate and doubly-punctate (Figures 251, 727), differing from the relatively

sparse punctation on the posterior half of the L.

desertum mesoscutum (Figure 386).

Males of L. desertum, like those of L. heterorhinum and L. lampronotum, have conspicuously

broad heads (Figures 382, 459, 487). The latter

two species have complete pronotal lateral carinae, whereas that of L. desertum is distinctly

interrupted. The hair lobes on the posterior edge

of sternum V are only narrowly separated medially (Figure 387; compare with those of L. heterorhinum, Figure 464). Furthermore, the gonostyli of L. heterorhinum and L. lampronotum are

only moderately elongate (Figure 468) differing

from the conspicuously elongate gonostylus of L.

desertum (Figure 391).

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 7.4-9.9

mm (x = 8.6, n = 20); (2) wing length 2.3-2.6

mm (x = 2.5, n = 20); (3) abdominal width 1.8-

2.9 mm (x = 2.6, n = 20).

Structure: (4) Head short (Figure 381; length/

width ratio 0.78-0.92, x = 0.86, n = 20). (7)

Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8) very

weakly protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.71 of its length below lower margin of eyes; (11) surface without median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral

ocelli subequal to distance between lateral ocellus

and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 slightly shorter than

2 along dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure 383;

(27) distal keel broad in frontal view, somewhat

spoon-shaped; (28) distal lateral projections well

developed, triangular, and sharply pointed; (29)

fimbrial setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle broadly obtuse; (33)

pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, interrupted by

oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge narrowly rounded. (35) Mesoscutal lip
124 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 381-386.—Lasioglossum desertum: 381, female head; 382, male head; 383, female

labrum; 384, male labrum; 385, female propodeum; 386, female mesoscutum.
NUMBER 429 125

weakly bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from

pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of propodeum

about 0.76 the length of scutellum and about 1.3

times the length of metanotum, (41) slightly depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin broadly

rounded; (43) propodeal triangle weakly defined,

median V-shaped area inconspicuous, lateral rims

absent; (44) lateral carinae extending less than

half the length of posterior surface. (45) Tibial

spur as in Figure 30.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

weakly sinuate, nearly straight.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely punctate below ocelli, punctures contiguous, becoming only slightly larger and less dense near antennae. (51) Supraclypeal area extremely granulate,

(51) uniformly punctate, punctures 1-2 times

their width apart. (53) Clypeus granulate basally,

apical half polished; (54) punctures somewhat

obscure, nearly contiguous basally, larger and

less dense apically, apicolateral areas sparsely

punctate. (56) Mesoscutum shiny; (57) punctation as in Figure 386, punctures separated by

their width or less laterally, becoming granulopunctate anteriorly, less dense centrally, punctures separated by 1-4 times their width. (58)

Scutellum sparsely punctate adjacent to median

line, punctures 1-3 times their width apart. (63)

Dorsal surface of propodeum (Figure 385) ruguloso-striolate, striae obscurely reaching posterior margin; (64) surface alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I moderately shiny; (66) punctation fine, dense, punctures slightly less than their

width apart.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane hyaline.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head white. (75)

Pubescence of thorax white; (76) mesoscutal

hairs moderately dense, conspicuously plumose.

(77) Hind tibial hairs concolorous, pale yellowish

brown. (78) Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum

I and (79) basal hair bands of terga II-IV white.

(80) Acarinarium present (Figure 393), a large

circular, glabrous area at base of tergum I, surrounded laterally and dorsolaterally by elongate

hair fringes, dorsal opening of acarinarium wide,

opening slightly wider than width of lateral hair

fringe as seen in dorsal view.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 6.4-8.1 mm (x = 7.4, n = 20); (2) wing

length 1.8-2.3 mm (x = 2.1, n = 20); (3) abdominal width 1.6-2.1 mm (x = 1.8, x = 20). (4)

Head as in Figure 382 (length/width ratio 0.76-

0.95, x = 0.86, n = 20). (5) Gena subequal to

eye in width, (6) moderately produced posteriorly. (10) Clypeal surface shallowly depressed

ventrally. Labrum as in Figure 384; (24) distal

process absent; (25) basal area depressed medially; (26) basal lateral depressions absent. (30)

Mandible short, just reaching opposing clypeal

angle. (53) Clypeus polished; (54) punctures well

formed and dense basally, very fine and scattered

over apical two-thirds. (68) Clypeal maculation

present. (69) Flagellum pale yellowish orange

ventrally, strongly contrasting with dark dorsum

or entirely dark. (72) Tarsi dark, concolorous

with tibiae.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 387;

(82) hairs on sternum IV elongate, erect; (83)

sternum V without conspicuous erect hairs, posterior edge of sternum with broadly rounded,

moderately elongate and narrowly separated latFIGURE 387.—Lasioglossum desertum, male sternal vestiture.
126 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 388-393.—Lasioglossum desertum: 388, male genitalin, ventral view; 389, same, dorsal

view; 390, same, lateral view; 391, male gonostylus; 392, male sterna VII-VIII; 393, female

acarinarium.
NUMBER 429 127

eral adpressed hair lobes.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

392; (85) sternum VIII with extremely elongate,

slender median process, slightly broader apically

than along stem. Genitalia as in Figures 388-

391; (86) gonobase moderately elongate; (87)

gonostylus extremely elongate and slender; (89)

retrorse membranous lobe slender; (90) volsella

with prominent lateral lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 394).—Lasioglossum

desertum females have been collected from late

March through early November, with most records (82%) from June through August, with a

peak in late July. The March and September

records are from southern Arizona. The two

October records are from San Luis Potosi and

Jalisco, Mexico; the November record from Pima

County, Arizona. Most males have been collected

in August but records range from June through

September.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Females (38): Cucurbitaceae 13%; Scrophulariaceae 13%; Compositae

11%. Males (34): Compositae 71%; Labiatae

10 -

200 -

100 -

MAM J J ASO N

FIGURE 394.—Lasioglossum desertum flight records.

24%. Total: 72 in 18 families, 28 genera as

follows:

Arctostaphylos 19; Aster 22(5; Baccharis \6; Ceanothus 39;

Cucurbita 19; Engelmannia 16; Erigeron 19; Geranium 29, 26;

Heliopsis 29; Heterotheca 19; Ipomoea 29; Iris 1(1)9; *Malvastrum 1(1)9; Marrubium 19; *Melilotus 2(1)9; Monarda 8<J;

Penstemon 29; Physocarpus 29; *Pulsatilla 1(1)9; Rhus 19;

Rubus 19; *Salix 1(1)9; Schinus 19; Sicyos 49; Sisyrinchium 19;

Sphaeralcea 29; Verbascum 39; Vim 19.

REMARKS.—Cockerell saw the type of Halictus

desertus in the British Museum shortly before

1905 and published a short descriptive account

of this specimen (Cockerell, 1905b). Eleven years

later in his description of//, cyaneiceps (Cockerell,

1916), Cockerell compared this new species to

H. bardus, H. forbesii, and H. trizonatus but made

no mention of//, desertus. Cockerell later republished his notes on the Smith type (Cockerell,

1949) but it is apparent he never compared H.

cyaneiceps, which he described from New Mexico,

with H. desertus (described from Oaxaca, Mexico).

A number of male specimens examined in the

present study appeared to be similar to those of

L. desertum but differed in having slightly longer

heads and more noticeable lateral hair lobes

along the posterior edge of sternum V (similar

to those of L. argutum, Figure 268). These may

be shown to be the males of L. rupticristum (see

L. rupticristum "Remarks" section for further details).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—545 (129$, 4166*).

MEXICO. CHIHUAHUA: Canyon de la Noria (7 mi W

Parrita); Madera; Rio Urique on La Bufa-Creel Road; Santa

Barbara, 3 mi W; Kilo 36 Santa Barbara-Ojito; Pedernales,

2 mi W, 7 mi E; Villa Matamoris, 6 mi S. DURANGO: Durango, 10 mi W, 12 mi SW, 20 mi W; El Salto, 10, 18, 28 mi

E; Las Puentes; Otinapa; Palos Colorados. DISTRITO FEDERAL: Guadalupe. HIDALGO: Baranca de San Vincente (Laredo Highway); Epazoyucan; Pachuca, 3, 5 mi W, 5 mi N;

Tulancingo, 7 mi S.JALISCO: Guadalajara, 126 mi E. MEXICO: Chapingo, 8 km S; Texcoco. OAXACA: Yanhuitlan, 11.4

km N. PUEBLA: Puebla; 35 mi SE. SAN LUIS POTOSI. San

Luis Potosi, 18 mi SW. TLAXCALA: Apizaco, 10 mi N.

UNITED STATES. ARIZONA: Cochise Co.; Coconino Co.;

Greenlee Co.: Rose Peak (30 mi N Clifton); Pima Co.; Santa

Cruz Co.: Canelo, Madera Canyon, Palmerlea, Sonoita Creek

(8 mi S Patagonia); Yavapai Co.: Prescott, 1 mi S. COLORADO:

Boulder Co.: Boulder; Douglas Co.; Elbert Co.: Running Creek
128 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Field Station; El Paso Co.: Foster Ranch, Garden of Gods;

Fremont Co.: Coaldale, 5 mi S. MONTANA: Mussehhell Co.:

Roundup, 18 mi S. NEBRASKA: Dawes Co.: Chadron; Sioux

Co.: Jim Creek. NEW MEXICO: Colfax Co.: Eagle Nest, 5 mi

E; Grant Co.: McMillan Camp (13 mi N Silver City); Hidalgo

Co.: Rodeo; Lincoln Co.: Alto, Corona (Gallinas Peak), Rio

Ruidosa (White Mts.); San Miguel Co.: Pecos, Sapello; Santa

Fe Co.: Santa Fe. SOUTH DAKOTA: Custer Co.: Custer State

Park; Pennington Co.: Battlecreek (4 mi SE Keystone).

TEXAS: Jeff Davis Co.: Davis Mt. UTAH: Grand Co.: Moab,

La Sal Mt.; San Juan Co.: Kigalie Ranger Station (La Sal

National Forest). WYOMING: Crook Co.: Devil's Tower.

17. Lasioglossum eickworti, new species

FIGURES 32, 395-405

TYPE MATERIAL.—The holotype female is deposited in the Cornell University Insect Collection. It is labeled

EL SALVADOR Cerro Verde 1 Oct 1977 P. Bernhardt

MH68 [?]/HOLOTYPE Lasioglossum eickworti R.J. McGinley [red label].

The holotype is missing the right antenna, the

distal 9 flagellomeres of the left antenna, and the

distal tarsomere of the right hand leg but is

otherwise in good condition. Ten female and

four male paratypes, listed in the "Specimens

Examined" section, are in the collections of Cornell University, Canadian National Collection

(Ottawa), and the Los Angeles County Museum.

ETYMOLOGY.—This species is named after

G.C. Eickwort (Cornell University), who generously provided me with most of the specimens

available for study, and who greatly aided this

project with many detailed discussions of halictine systematics.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 395).—Lasioglossum

eickworti is presently known from only 11 females

and four males. These specimens have been collected from Chiapas, Mexico, south to Guatemala, El Salvador, and Costa Rica.

DIAGNOSIS.—The large size (length 9.5-10.7

mm, x = 10.0), slender body form, sharply-edged

and produced upper portion of the pronotal

FIGURE 395.—Distribution of Lasioglossum eickworti (triangle), L. katyae (circle), and L. sandrae

(square).
NUMBER 429 129

lateral carina (Figure 405), infuscated anterior

edge of the forewing (as in Figure 1), distinctive

dorsal propodeal surface (elongate and narrowly

rounded posteriorly), and characteristic short,

adpressed hairs on the anterior surface of metasomal tergum I will distinguish the females of L.

eickworti, L. sandrae, and L. katyae from those of

all other New World Lasioglossum. These three

species apparently form a natural group as evidenced by the presumed apomorphic characters

listed above.

Lasioglossum sandrae is easily differentiated

from L. eickworti and L. katyae and other New

World Lasioglossum in having the mesoscutum

and metasomal terga IV-V covered by short,

adpressed, pale hairs. The only other Lasioglossum species having terga IV-V entirely covered

by adpressed, pale pubescence are L. tropidonotum, L. cercothrix, and L. crocoturum. The latter

species are much smaller than L. sandrae and lack

adpressed mesoscutal hairs. Lasioglossum sandrae

also has a unique transverse depression near the

apical clypeal edge.

Unlike L. sandrae, L. eickworti and L. katyae

have relatively elongate, dark brown to black

mesoscutal hairs. The latter two species can be

differentiated on the basis of mesoscutal punctation. The mesoscutum of L. eickworti is entirely

granuloso-punctate, becoming scabrous anteriorly, whereas that of L. katyae is uniformly

doubly-punctate with the smaller punctures

being much finer than those of L. eickworti.

Of the three species, only males of L. eickworti

are known. In addition to the female diagnostic

characters listed above, these males are unusual

in having extremely elongate mandibles that

reach the opposing mandibular bases and

strongly produced, tuberculate genal lobes,

which are unique among New World Lasioglossum (Figure 401).

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 9.5-

10.7 mm (x = 10.0, n = 6); (2) wing length 3.0-

3.2 mm (x = 3.1, n = 6); (3) abdominal width

2.8-2.9 mm (x = 2.9, n = 6).

Structure: (4) Head moderately short (Figure

396; length/width ratio 0.85-0.96, x = 0.89, n

= 6). (7) Supraclypeal area narrowly rounded

dorsally near well-developed carina, (8) area

strongly protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.92 of its length below lower margin of eyes; (11) surface without median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral

ocelli subequal to distance between lateral ocellus

and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 subequal to 2 in

length along dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure

397; (27) distal keel moderately broad, lateral

edges bowed; (28) distal lateral projections small

but distinct, conical; (29) fimbrial setae acutely

pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle very narrowly obtuse, sharply pointed; (33) pronotal lateral ridge

incomplete, very narrowly interrupted by

oblique lateral sulcus; (33) upper portion of lateral ridge strongly carinate, lower portion

broadly rounded. (35) Mesoscutal lip weakly bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from pronotum.

(40) Dorsal surface of propodeum about 0.78 the

length of scutellum and about 1.6 times the

length of metanotum, (41) not depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin broadly rounded;

(43) propodeal triangle well defined by carinate

rim (V-shaped medial impression and lateral rims

not elevated); (44) lateral carinae extending approximately two-thirds the length of posterior

surface. (45) Tibial spur as in Figure 32.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

broadly convex anteriorly, straight posteriorly.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely and

uniformly punctate between ocelli and antennae,

punctures contiguous. (51) Supraclypeal area extremely granulate; (52) uniformly punctate,

punctures separated by 1-3 times their width.

(53) Clypeus granulate over basal one-third, obscurely granulate over apical two-thirds; (54)

punctures separated by less than their width basally, separated by 1-2 times their width on apical

two-thirds. (56) Mesoscutum moderately dull;

(57) doubly-punctate, smaller punctures extremely dense, contiguous throughout, larger

punctures separated by 2-4 times their width.

(58) Scutellum nearly uniformly punctate, punctures separated at most by their width. (63) Dor-
130 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 396-399.—Lasioglossum eickworti: 396, female head; 397, female labrum; 398, male

sterna VII-VIII; 399, male labrum.

sal surface of propodeum striolate laterally, ruguloso-striolate medially, striae and rugulae

reaching posterior margin laterally and along

median line, propodeum smooth adjacent to median line; (64) surface obscurely alveolated. (65)

Metasomal tergum I moderately dull; (66) punctation fine, extremely dense, punctures nearly

contiguous.

Coloration: (70) Posterior half of wing membrane lightly infuscated to hyaline, anterior onethird to one-half deeply infuscated.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head mostly

dark brown, pale brown on postgena, some

whitish hairs near antennal sockets. (75) Pubescence of thorax mostly dark brown, hairs white

on pronotal lobe and propodeum, some white

hairs on metanotum; (76) mesoscutal hairs short,

moderately dense and plumose. (77) Hind tibial

hairs concolorous, dark brown. (78) Anterior

hairs of metasomal tergum I and (79) basal hair

bands of terga II-IV white. (80) Acarinarium

apparently absent, anterior surface of tergum I

with short, adpressed hairs surrounded laterally

by elongate hairs. (81) Unlike most species, hair
NUMBER 429 131

bands of terga 11—111 narrow, covering at most

basal 0.25 of terga, tergum IV hair band absent.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 8.7-10.1 mm (x = 9.3, n = 3); (2) wing

length 2.6-2.7 mm (x = 2.6, n = 3); (3) abdominal width 1.9-2.1 mm (x = 2.0, n = 3). (4) Head

as in Figure 400 (length/width ratio 0.85-0.92,

x = 0.88, n = 3). (5) Gena wider than eye, (6)

strongly produced posteriorly with conspicuous

angulate projection (Figure 401). (10) Clypeal

surface rounded. Labrum as in Figure 399;

(24) distal process moderately long, narrowly

rounded; (25) basal area depressed medially; (26)

basal lateral depressions conspicuously developed. (30) Mandible extremely elongate, reaching opposing mandibular base. (53) Clypeus

strongly granulate along basal edge, apical twothirds polished; (54) punctation somewhat uniform, apical punctures larger and less dense than

basal punctures. (68) Clypeal maculation present

(Figure 400). (69) Flagellum entirely dark. (72)

Tarsi dark, concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: (82) Hairs on sternum IV moderately short, suberect; (83) hairs on sternum V

short, sternum without noticeable hair patterns

or lobes (very faint suggestion of lateral hair lobes

on posterior sternal edge).

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

398; (85) sternum VIII without median process.

Genitalia as in Figures 402-404; (86) gonobase

very short; (87) gonostylus very robust, rounded

400 401

FIGURES 400, 401.—Lasioglossum eickworti, male head: 400,

frontal view; 401, lateral view.

apically; (89) retrorse membranous lobe inconspicuous, extremely reduced and slender; (90)

volsella extremely reduced, lacking lateral lobe

(the penis valves of L. eickworti differ greatly from

those of other New World Lasioglossum species

in being highly angulate and sharply edged).

FLIGHT RECORDS.—Females of L. eickworti

have been collected in June through early October, with most records (5) from October. One

male was collected in April, two others were

taken in August.

REMARKS.—One female specimen in the collection of the University of California, Berkeley,

bears the following label:

n.g. [new genus] ? nr. [near] Lasioglossum det. G.C. Eickwort.

Indeed, L. eickworti, L. sandrae, and L. katyae

share numerous characters (listed in the above

diagnosis) that appear to set them off as a natural

group. In addition, the genitalia of the L. eickworti male is extremely different from that of all

other known New World Lasioglossum (Figures

402-404; males of L. sandrae and L. katyae are

not known). I originally considered recognizing

this group as a distinct genus but now think this

would be premature. Through the kindness of

Laurence Packer (University of Toronto), I was

able to examine genitalic preparations of many

Old World Lasioglossum species. The diversity of

genitalic structure in this material is high (much

greater than is found among New World species)

and some are at least superficially similar to the

genitalia of L. eickworti. Because of this I hesitate

to accord these three New World forms even

subgeneric status at present. Such a designation

may prove to be desirable but should await a

rigorous phylogenetic review of both New and

Old World Lasioglossum.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—15 (119, 46).

COSTA RICA. Unspecified locality, no date, Schild &

Burgdorf(ld;CU).

EL SALVADOR. Parque Nacional del Cerro Verde, 5

Jul 1963, 6800 ft, Scullen & Bolinger (29; OrS); Cerro

Verde, 29Jun 1963, M.E. Irwin, D.Q. Cavagnaro (19; UCB),

22 Sep 1976, P. Bernhardt (1$; CU), 1-21 Oct 1976, P.
132 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

1.0 mm

402 403

404 405

FIGURES 402-405.—Lasioglossum eickworti: 402, male genitalia, ventral view; 403, same, dorsal

view; 404, same, lateral view; 405, female pronotum, lateral view.
NUMBER 429 133

Bernhardt (39; CU), 1 Oct 1977, P. Bernhardt (29, includes

holotype; CU).

GUATEMALA. Chicastenango, Aug 1959, N.L.H.

Krauss(l<5; KU); Solola (12 km SSE Nahuala), 14 Aug 1974,

2275 m, E.M. & J.L. Fisher (Id; LACM).

MEXICO. CHIAPAS: San Cristobal de las Casas, 13 Aug

1959, N.L.H. Krauss (19; KU), 3 mi N, 4 Jun 1969, 7000

ft, J.W. Boyes (19; CNC); Nachic, 27 Apr 1959, 8000 ft,

H.E. Evans (1<5; CU).

THE forbesii GROUP

SPECIES INCLUDED.—Lasioglossum acuminatum, new species; L. forbesii (Robertson); L. paraforbesii, new species.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 406).—The forbesii

group is widespread throughout much of Canada

and the United States, occurring from New

Brunswick to Alberta and Idaho and south to

New Mexico, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and North

Carolina.

DIAGNOSIS.—The females of the forbesii group

all have slightly elevated lateral rims on the posterior margin of the dorsal propodeal surface.

This will separate them from other females that

have an acarinarium on the anterior surface of

tergum I, especially those of the trizonatum group

and L. colatum. The acarinarium of L. acuminatum is highly distinctive in being arrow-shaped

(Figure 407), and that of L. forbesii is also diagnostic in having only a very narrow dorsal openFIGURE 406.—Distribution of Lasioglossum forbesii group: L. acuminatum (triangle), L. forbesii

(square), L. paraforbesii (circle).
134 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

ing to the hair fringe surrounding the central

glabrous area (Figure 408). The acarinarium of

L. paraforbesii is not so distinctive (Figure 409)

but the density of the associated fringe hairs and

their sharply delimited central border will separate paraforbesii from similar species, e.g., L.

trizonatum (Figure 693) and L. colatum (Figure

351). Females of the forbesii group can also be

distinguished from the similar trizonatum females

by their generally shorter heads (Figures 410,

425, 434, length/width ratio averages are 0.89,

0.90 and 0.92 for each species, n = 20 for each;

compare with trizonatum females, Figures 670,

683, where averages range from 0.93 to 1.02).

The yellow tarsi and flat clypeal surface will

separate the forbesii group males from those of

other Lasioglossum species except for L. chanFIGURES 407-409.—Lasioglossum forbesii group, female

acarinaria: 407, L. acuminatum; 408, L. forbesii; 409, L.

paraforbesii.

nelense and L. mellipes (both of which actually

have yellowish orange tarsi). The latter species

occur outside the range of the forbesii group and

have either erect lateral hair tufts or a median

rosette of erect hairs on sternum V (Figures 325,

701, 702; vestiture on sternum V of forbesii males

inconspicuous, without noticeable pattern, Figure 416). Other males with yellow tarsi have the

clypeal surface rounded and differ from forbesii

males in the following additional characters: L.

fuscipenne males have the posterior half of sterna

II—IV densely covered by short, adpressed hair

patches (Figure 189); L. leucozonium males have

a unique V-shaped hair patch on sternum V

(Figure 204); L. lampronotum males have a conspicuously wider head (Figure 487, length/width

ratio x — 0.82); L. titusi males have the mesoscu-
NUMBER 429 135

tum virtually impunctate and have much shorter

heads (Figure 633, length/width ratio x = 0.85,

n=15).

DISCUSSION.—Besides having an acarinarium

on the first tergum of the females, the forbesii

group species, which occur primarily in the eastern United States, are somewhat generalized in

appearance and have been commonly confused

with those of the trizonatum group, their counterpart in the western United States (see above

diagnosis for distinguishing characters) and even

L. coriaceum. Cockerell (1898c) states that he

examined a great number of coriaceus from Washington

state], and various specimens from New Mexico and Illinois,

considered to be forbesii; also an Illinois coriaceus from Mr.

Robertson. The result of this study is that I believe all belong

to one somewhat variable species.

Cockerell's study was superficial, and he was

further hindered by examining misidentified L.

coriaceum from Washington, which were undoubtedly specimens of the trizonatum group (L.

coriaceum and species of the forbesii group are not

found in Washington state). Cockerell's statement is nevertheless indicative of the confusion

that has surrounded specimens of the trizonatum

and forbesii species groups.

It has long been apparent that the original,

inclusive concept of L. forbesii as one species

included high levels of variability in head shape,

mandible length in the males, and great differences in body size among other characters. Cockerell (1898c:51) says that

it is to be remarked, however, that Robertson's description

of the metathoracic enclosure [dorsal propodeal surface] of

forbesii, bearing irregular radiating rugae, which reach the

posterior margin, will hardly apply to what I have .. . regarded as that species ... .

The development of the propodeal rugae and

the structure of the posterior propodeal edge are

features that are now known to vary between

species of the forbesii group and Cockerell's comments foreshadowed this understanding. Upon

examining the abdominal acarinarium of

hundreds of specimens, it became apparent that

three forms are actually involved, herein recognized as species. Females of L. acuminatum have

a very unique acarinarium, the glabrous area of

which is arrow-shaped and pointed dorsally (Figure 407). The males of L. acuminatum have very

elongate mandibles that nearly reach the opposing mandibular bases and very wide, angulate

genae and as a result have been commonly misidentified as L. coriaceum. Males of the latter

species have dark tarsi and a non-elevated anterior mesoscutal edge (tarsi yellow and mesoscutum elevated in all forbesii group males). The

females of L. forbesii and L. paraforbesii differ in

acarinarial shape, head length, propodeal structure, and overall body size as detailed in the

following species treatments. The males of these

two forms apparently differ in head shape but

cannot be reliably separated at present (L. forbesii

length/width ratio x = 0.90, L. paraforbesii x =

0.93, n = 20 for each).

As for the trizonatum complex, it should be

emphasized that the present treatment of the

forbesii group is only preliminary in nature. Much

more information on variability is needed and

the possibility of hybridization addressed. Most

helpful would be biological studies in those areas

where the different forms are known to be sympatric.

18. Lasioglossum acuminatum, new species

FIGURES 15, 406-407, 410-424

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype of L.

acuminatum is deposited in the National Museum

of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. The

specimen is missing the left hind leg beyond the

coxa but is otherwise in excellent condition. It is

labeled

NEW HAMPSHIRE: Sullivan Co.[unty], Lempster, 23-VI

|June]-1976 FC&BJ Thompson/HOLOTYPE Lasioglossum

acuminatum R.J. McGinley [red label].

Ninety-eight paratypes (77$, 216*) listed in the

"Specimens Examined" section are designated.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet is derived

from the Latin acumin (a point), alluding to the
136 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

uniquely pointed, arrow-shaped acarinarium on

the anterior surface of tergum I of the females.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 406).—Lasioglossum

acuminatum is primarily found in Canada and

northern United States, from New Brunswick

south to Pennsylvania and West Virginia, west

through Michigan and Minnesota to central Alberta.

DIAGNOSIS.—The females of L. acuminatum

can be distinguished from those of all other

Lasioglossum species by the shape of the acarinarium on the anterior surface of tergum I, which

is uniquely pointed and arrow-shaped (Figure

407). Other useful characters are the slightly

elevated lateral rims on the posterior margin of

the dorsal propodeal surface (Figure 414, characteristic of other forbesii group females) and the

only moderately elongate head (Figure 410,

length/width ratio x = 0.90, n = 20).

Lasioglossum acuminatum males have the yellow

tarsi typical of other forbesii group males but have

extremely elongate mandibles that nearly reach

the opposing mandibular bases (Figure 411), very

broad, moderately angulate genae that are

slightly wider than the width of the compound

eye as seen in lateral view and elongate hairs on

sternum IV that are subequal in length to those

on sternum III as seen in lateral view (Figure

418). Lasioglossum forbesii and L. paraforbesii

males have shorter mandibles that at most reach

only slightly beyond the opposing clypeal angles

(Figures 426, 435) and shorter hairs on sternum

IV than on sternum III (Figure 417). The gena

of L. forbesii males is always narrower than the

width of the eye as seen in lateral view, whereas

that of L. paraforbesii is variable, in some cases

subequal in width to the eye.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 8.0-

10.3 mm (x = 9.2, n = 20); (2) wing length 2.6-

2.9 mm (x = 2.8, n = 20); (3) abdominal width

2.7-3.2 mm (x = 3.0, n = 20).

Structure: (4) Head moderately elongate (Figure 410, length/width ratio 0.85-1.0, x = 0.91,

n = 20). (7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded,

(8) moderately protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.91 of its length below lower

margin of eyes; (11) surface without median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral

ocelli subequal to distance between lateral ocellus

and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 subequal in length

to 2 along dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure

412; (27) distal keel moderately broad as seen in

frontal view, slightly widest basally; (28) distal

lateral projections somewhat moderately well developed, triangular; (29) fimbrial setae acutely

pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle narrowly obtuse;

(33) pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge sharply edged. (35) Mesoscutal lip weakly bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of

propodeum about 0.79 the length of scutellum

and about 1.5 times the length of metanotum,

(41) slightly depressed centrally, (42) posterior

margin broadly rounded; (43) propodeal triangle

weakly defined laterally, evident medially as a Vshaped elevation with distinct lateral rims, fading

towards mesonotum; (44) lateral carinae extending at most half the length of posterior surface.

(45) Tibial spur as in Figure 15.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

weakly sinuate, nearly straight.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely punctate below ocelli, punctures contiguous, becoming larger and less dense near antennae. (51)

Supraclypeal area weakly granulate, (51) punctation nearly uniform, punctures separated by

their width laterally, slightly less dense centrally.

(53) Clypeus granulate along basal edge; (54)

punctures separated by their width or slightly

less, apicolateral areas virtually impunctate. (56)

Mesoscutum dull; (57) punctation as in Figure

415, punctures separated by their width or less

laterally and anteriorly, less dense centrally,

punctures 1-4 times their width apart. (58) Scutellum with conspicuous impunctate areas adjacent to median line. (63) Dorsal surface of

propodeum (Figure 414) variable in sculpture,

completely to incompletely ruguloso-striate; (64)

surface alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I

moderately shiny; (66) punctation fine, dense,
NUMBER 429 137

414

FIGURES 410-415.—Lasioglossum acuminatum: 410, female head; 411, male head; 412, female

labrum; 413, male labrum; 414, female propodeum; 415, female mesoscutum.
138 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

punctures slightly less than their width apart.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane pale yellowish brown.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head yellowish

white. (75) Pubescence of thorax yellowish white;

(76) mesoscutal hairs moderately sparse and plumose. (77) Hind tibial hairs concolorous, yellowish brown. (75) Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum I pale yellowish brown, (77) basal hair bands

of terga II-IV white. (80) Acarinarium present

(Figure 407), a relatively small, arrowheadshaped, glabrous area surrounded laterally by

elongate fringe hairs, dorsal opening of acarinarium very narrow, width of opening approximately one-half the width of lateral fringe hairs

as seen in dorsal view; unlike most species, each

side of tergum I with conspicuous bald areas

posteriad of acarinarial fringe hairs.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 7.2-8.8 mm (x = 8.2, n = 20); (2) wing

length 2.1-2.5 mm (x = 2.3, n = 20); (3) abdominal width 1.8-2.3 mm (x = 2.1, n = 20). (4)

Head as in Figure 411 (length/width ratio 0.91-

1.0, x = 0.95, n = 20). (5) Gena slightly wider

than eye, (6) strongly produced posteriorly. (10)

Clypeal surface conspicuously flattened dorsally,

shallowly depressed ventrally. Labrum as in Figure 413; (24) distal process developed as a moderately elongate, acute projection; (25) basal area

depressed medially; (26) basal lateral depressions

absent. (30) Mandible extremely elongate, reaching just short of opposing mandibular base. (53)

Clypeus polished; (54) punctures well formed

and dense basally, very fine and scattered over

apical two-thirds. (68) Clypeal maculation present. (69) Flagellum pale yellowish orange ventrally, contrasting with dark dorsum. (72) Tarsi

yellow to yellowish orange.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 418;

(82) hairs on sternum IV erect, elongate medially, becoming shorter laterally (in lateral view,

hairs of sternum IV subequal in length to those

416 417 418

FIGURES 416-418.—Lasioglossum forbesii group, male sternal vestiture: 416, L. forbesii abdomen, ventral view; 417, same, lateral view; 418, L. acuminatum abdomen, ventral view.
NUMBER 429 139

of sternum III, Figure 418; hairs of sternum IV

relatively shorter in L. forbesii and L. paraforbesii); (83) sternum V without noticeable erect hairs

or posterior hair lobes.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

423; (85) sternum VIII with elongate, slender

median process, broader apically than along

stem. Genitalia as in Figures 419-422; (86) gonobase moderately elongate; (87) gonostylus

broad, moderately elongate, narrowly rounded

apically; (89) retrorse membranous lobe extremely slender; (90) volsella with very prominent lateral lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 424).—Females of

L. acuminatum have been collected from April

through October, with most records from June

(50%). Males have been collected primarily in

August and September, but one was taken in

June (Barnstable County, Massachusetts) and six

in late July.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Females (54): Ericaceae

46%; Rosaceae 17%; Compositae 11%. Males

(49): Compositae 94%. Total: 103 in 13 families,

17 genera as follows:

Acer 1(1)9; Asclepias 26; Apocynum 19; *Brassica 1(1)9; Chamaedaphne 19; Clethra 1<$; *Lysimachia 1(1)9; Melilotus 19;

Rhododendron 39; Prunus 19; Pyrus 29; *Rosa 3(3)9; *Rubus

6(2)9; *Salix 4(1)9; *Solidago 6(6)9, 466; Vaccinium 219;

Viburnum 29.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Paratypes (779, 216).

CANADA. NEW BRUNSWICK: Albert Co.: Albert Mines,

W of, #567, taken on Vaccinium sp., 17-VI-77, P.G. Kevan,

C. Holmes (19; INHS); Elgin, SW of, #581, taken on Vaccinium sp., 17-VI-77, P.G. Kevan, C. Holmes (19; INHS);

Prosser Brook, S of, #426, taken on Vaccinium sp., 17-VI77, P.G. Kevan, C. Holmes (19; INHS). Charlotte Co.:

Honeydale, 3 mi SE, #22, 14-IV-74, Peter G. Kevan (19;

INHS). Kings Co.: Hatfield Point, NE of, 17-VI-75, #138,

P.G. Kevan, C. Holmes (19; INHS); Kingston, N of, #106,

119, 2-VI-76, Peter G. Kevan (29; INHS); Pigeon Hill, SW

of Springfield, #53, 8-VI-1973, Peter G. Kevan (19; INHS);

Springfield, SW of, #146, taken on Vaccinium sp., 16-VI-77,

Peter G. Kevan, C. Holmes (19; INHS); West Scotch Settlement (N of Hatfield Point), #23, VI-9-1973, Peter G. Kevan

(19; INHS). Queens Co.: Thome (N of Belleisle Creek), #97,

9-VI-73, Peter G. Kevan (19; INHS). Westmorland Co.:

Goshen, SW of, #248, 3-VI-76, Peter G. Kevan (19; INHS);

Parkindale, SW of, #327, 329, 3-VI-76, Peter G. Kevan (29;

INHS). County not specified: Kouchibouguac N.P., Code

5081K, 19-V-77, G.A.P. Gibson (19; CNC), Code 5172A,

30-V-77, G. Thompson (19, CNC), Code 6045M, 7-IX-77,

SJ. Miller (16; CNC). NOVA SCOTIA. Hanks Co.: locality not

specified, on Prunus, 12 Jun 1932, C.E. Atwood (19;

USNM). ONTARIO. Kenora, 17 mi SE, 3 Aug 1967, J.R.

Powers (19; UCB), 23 mi SE, sweeping flowers of Melilotus

alba, 4 Aug 1967, J.R. Powers (19; UCB). QUEBEC. L'Ascension, VI-11-63, L.J. Jobin (19; CNC).

UNITED STATES. CONNECTICUT: [Litchfield Co.:] Colebrook, W.M. Wheeler (39, 16; MCZ), 6-13-26, W.M.

Wheeler (19; MCZ). MAINE: Knox Co.: Glenmere, W.M.

Wheeler (19; MCZ). [Lincoln Co.:] Waldoboro, #3247, on

Acer saccharinum, 11 May 1905, J.H. Lovell (19; AMNH).

MASSACHUSETTS: [Barnstable Co.:] Sagamore, J. Bequaert

(19; MCZ). [Bristol Co.:] Horseneck Beach, Westport, 29 Jul

1930, Richard Dow (16; MCZ). [Middlesex Co.:] Lexington,

13 Aug, N. Banks(19; MCZ); Reading, 17-VI-33,(19; MCZ);

Waltham, on Taraxacum qffinale, 7-V-75, 8-V-57 (2), 14-V57, R.A. Morse (49; CU). Norfolk Co.: Sharon, 25-VIII, C.W.

Johnson (16; MCZ). [Suffolk Co.:] Milton, 20 Aug 1898

(second label reads "//. sp. near coriaceus, tarsi pale") (1<$;

MCZ). [Worcester Co.:] Winchendon, 1 Jul 1892, A.P. Morse

(19; MCZ). County not specified: Petersham [?], VI-1932 (19;

MCZ).

MICHIGAN: Cheboygan Co.: Duncan Bay, 27 Ju[n] 1958, 2

Jul 1958 [latter specimen only with R.A. Kepner collector

label] (29; MSUEL); [Cheboygan Co.:] Douglas Lake, on Solidago, Ac. 23702, 17 Aug 1913, M.D. Ellis (1<5; AMNH);

UMBS, Douglas Lake, summer 1960, Saul Frommer (19;

UCR); locality not specified, VII-10-1959, R. & K. Dreisbach

(19; MSUEL). Crawford Co.: locality not specified, VII-10-

1959, R. & K. Dreisbach (19; MSUEL). Delta Co.: Escanaba,

28 Jun 1958, R.A. Scheibner (19; MSUEL). Dickinson Co.:

locality not specified, 6-22-60, R. & K. Dreisbach (19;

MSUEL). Emmet Co.: 5-27-60, R. & K. Dreisbach (19;

MSUEL). Huron Co.: T18N, RUE, Sec. 21, VI-20-63.J. &

L. Donahue (19; MSUEL). Mackinac Co.: locality not specified, 6-7-57, R. & K. Dreisbach (19; MSUEL). [Mecosta Co.:]

Big Rapids, on wild rose, VI-5-1938, C.W. Sabrosky (39;

MSUEL). Missaukee Co.: 6-30-57, R. & K. Dreisbach (19;

MSUEL). Newaygo Co.: locality not specified, 5-13-56, R. &

K. Dreisbach (19; MSUEL). Ogemaw Co.: Clear Lake, 3 Sep

1959, R.L. Fisher (19; MSUEL). Oscoda Co.: Luzerne, ex.

window pane trap, 14 Jun 1966 (1), 28 Jun 1966 (7), L.F.

Wilson (89; MSUEL). Presque Isle Co.: T33N, RUE, Sec.

33, 19 Jun 1968, N. & T. Baker (19; MSUEL). Wexford Co.:

T24N, R9W, Sec. 22, pit trap in Jack pine plantation, 2-9

Aug 1965, J.H. Shaddy (19; MSUEL).

NEW HAMPSHIRE: Belknap Co.: locality not specified, on

Aster macrophyllus, 23-V1II-60 (2), 26-VIII-60 (2), R.A.

Morse (4c?; CU); [Belknap Co.:] Meredith Center, on Rubus

sp., 23-VI-58, R.A. Morse (19; CU), on Apocynum adrosaemifolium, 4-VII-58, R.A. Morse (19; CU), on Brassica sp., 1-

VII-59, R.A. Morse (19; CU), on Solidago sp., 3-VIII-57,

R.A. Morse (16; CU); Meredith, on Aster lateriflorus, 28-
140 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 419-423.—Lasioglossum acuminatum, male:

419, genitalia, ventral view; 420, same, dorsal view;

421, same, lateral view; 422, gonostylus; 423, sterna

V1I-VIII.
NUMBER 429 141

10 -

AMJJASO N

FIGURE 424.—Lasioglossum acuminatum flight records.

VIII-60, R.A. Morse (1<5; CU), on Asclepias sp., 7-VIII-60,

R.A. Morse (let; CU), on Solidago sp., 18-VIII-62 (1), 22-

VIII-60 (2), 23-VIII-60 (1), R.A. Morse {46; CU). County not

specified: #1864, C.F. Baker (1$ USNM). NEW JERSEY: Burlington Co.: Lebanon St.[ate] Forest, VIII-19-58, Evans &

Beneway (16; CU); Lebanon St.[ate] Forest, 4 mi N

Chatsworth, 5 May 1968, G.C. Eickwort (1$; CU). Ocean

Co.: Lakehurst, 10 May 1969, G. & K. Eickwort (19; CU),

21-VIII-1974, R.C. Miller (1<5; CU); Long Beach Isfland],

washed ashore beach alive, 5 May 1968, G. & K. Eickwort

(19; CU). NEW YORK: Nassau Co.: Bethpage St.[ate] P[ar]k.,

20 May 1975, G.C. Eickwort (19; CU). [Suffolk Co.:] Orient,

19Jun 1954, Roy Latham, Roy Latham Collection (19; CU);

Wading River, L.[ong] I.[stand], Stanford University [Collection], 22 Jun 1917 (19; UCB). Sullivan Co.: Yankee Lake,

20-26 Jul 1968, P. & R. Wygodzinsky (19; AMNH). County

not specified: Tuxedo (Sta. Study Insects), VI-27-1928, C.H.

Curran (19; AMNH); Tuxedo, n[ea]r., VIII-26-21 (26;

AMNH).

PENNSYLVANIA: Huntingdon Co.: Huntingdon, 3 mi NE,

25 Jun 1973, T. Snyder (19; KU). [Monroe Co.:] Marshall

Cr[eek]., VII-25-37, CD . Michener (19; KU). Pike Co.: locality not specified, ll-VI-71, C. Jurica, M. Burgett (19;

CU). County not specified: Lehigh Gap, VI-29-1901 (19;

USNM).

Additional localities recorded (363 specimens:

250$, 113<5).

CANADA. ALBERTA: Fawcett; Calgary. NEW BRUNSWICK: Albert Co.: Collier Mt. (south of Prosser Brook); Charlotte Co.: Moores Milles, St. Stephen, 5 mi W; Kings Co. NOVA

SCOTIA: Hants Co.; Kings Co. ONTARIO: Bancroft; Bracebridge; Dorset; Dyer Bay; Garden River; Gravenhurst; Hornet Lake; Kenora (15 mi SE); Penage Lake; Vivian Forest.

QUEBEC: Andreville (3 mi E Route 6).

UNITED STATES. CONNECTICUT: Tolland Co.: Mansfield Township (Gurleyville). MAINE: Cumberland Co.: Bailey

Island; Hancock Co.: Acadia National Park; Lincoln Co.; Washington Co.: Jonesboro; York Co.: Kennebunk. MARYLAND:

Prince George's Co.: Bowie. MASSACHUSETTS: Barnstable Co.:

Nashawena Island (Elizabeth Islands); Dukes Co.: Plains (Martha's Vineyard); Hampden Co.: Ludlow; Middlesex Co.; Norfolk Co.: Needham, Wellesley; Suffolk Co.: Boston, Forest

Hills; Worcester Co.: Holden. MICHIGAN: Allegan Co.: Allegan

State Forest; Berrien Co.; Kalkaska Co.; Leelanau Co.: Glen

Arbor; Manistee Co.: Manistee; Marquette Co.: Marquette;

Midland Co.; Montmorency Co.: Atlanta; Presque Isle Co.:

Ocqueoc Lake; Roscommon Co. MINNESOTA. Cass Co.: Pine

River; Clearwater or Hubbard Co.: Itasca State Park. NEBRASKA: Bennett. NEW HAMPSHIRE: Sullivan Co.: Lempster.

NEW JERSEY: Burlington Co.; Ocean Co.: Lakewood, Point

Pleasant, Whiting, 3.8 mi W. NEW YORK: Albany Co.: Albany;

Essex Co.; Franklin Co.: Saranac Lake; Orange Co.: Greenwood Lake; Suffolk Co. PENNSYLVANIA: counties not specified. West Virginia: Tucker Co.: near Davis. WISCONSIN: Douglas Co.: Solon Springs; Wood Co.: Griffith State Nursery.

19. Lasioglossum forbesii (Robertson)

FIGURES 406, 408, 425-433

Halictus Forbesii Robertson, 1890:315 [female, male].

Halictusforbesii.—Robertson, 1894 [emendation, flower records].—Cockerell, 1897:163 [flower and locality records]; 1898c:51 [taxonomic notes]; 1906:294 [locality record].—Graenicher, 1907 [flower records]; 1909 [flower

records].—Cresson, 1928:60 [lectotype designation].

Lasioglossum forbesii.—Robertson, 1902:247 [key].—Michener, 1951:1106 [Nearctic catalog].—Evans, 1955:47

[predator, Philanthus sanbornii Cresson].—Mitchell,

1960:342 [redescription, key].—Knerer and Atwood,

1962:163 [nest, locality and flower records]; 1967:104

[conopid parasitoid].—Hurd, 1979:1957 [Nearctic catalog]-

Curtisapis forbesii.—Robertson, 1918:91 [taxonomic notes];

1929 [flower records].

Halictus forbesi.—Michener, 1951:1106.—Hurd, 1979:

1957 [lapsus calami].

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female lectotype of

Halictus forbesii, designated by E.T. Cresson

(1928), is deposited in the Academy of Natural

Sciences at Philadelphia. The specimen is in ex-
142 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

cellent condition and is labeled

Robertson S.[outhern] Illinois/LectoTYPE 4257 [red

label]/Halictus Forbesii Rob.[ertson] [handwritten].

I have not examined the other three females

and two males from Robertson's original series;

they are presumably also in Philadelphia.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 406).—Although

Lasioglossum forbesii is partly sympatric with L.

acuminatum and L. paraforbesii it has the most

southern distribution among species of the forbesii group. It is found from New York to Wisconsin and south to Oklahoma, Arkansas, and

North Carolina.

DIAGNOSIS.—The hair fringe that surrounds

the glabrous central area of the acarinarium on

the anterior surface of tergum I is distinctively

formed in L. forbesii. The elongate fringe hairs

extend laterally on the tergal surface and form

an extensive and thick hair patch with a distinctly

transverse dorsal margin (Figure 408). The dorsal opening of the acarinarial hair fringe is extremely narrow, much more so than that of L.

paraforbesii (Figure 409). The acarinarium of L.

acuminatum, the other species in the forbesii

group, is uniquely arrow-shaped (Figure 407).

Other characters helpful in recognizing L. forbesii

are the short head (Figure 425, length/width

ratio x = 0.89, n = 20; head longer in L. paraforbesii, Figure 434, x = 0.92, n = 20) and the

sharply-edged, posterolateral edges of the dorsal

propodeal surface (this was mentioned in Robertson's original description).

Among forbesii group males (see above diagnosis of the forbesii group) the males of L. forbesii

cannot reliably be separated from those of L.

paraforbesii. Lasioglossum forbesii males have

wider heads than those of the latter species (Figure 426, length/width ratio x = 0.90, n = 20;

compare with Figure 435, x = 0.93, n = 20) but

this character is at best difficult to work with.

The extremely elongate mandibles of L. acuminatum males (Figure 411) will differentiate them

from the above species.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 7.0-9.4

mm (x = 8.5, n = 20); (2) wing length 2.1-2.8

mm (x = 2.5, n = 20); (3) abdominal width 2.4-

3.1 mm (x = 2.7, n = 20).

Structure: (4) Head short (Figure 425;

length/width ratio 0.83-0.96, x = 0.89, n = 20).

(7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8) moderately protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.64 of its length below lower margin of eyes; (11) surface without median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral

ocelli subequal to distance between lateral ocellus

and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 slightly shorter than

2 along dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure 427;

(27) distal keel moderately narrow as seen in

frontal view, lateral edges slightly bowed; (28)

distal lateral projections weakly developed,

rounded; (29) some fimbrial setae bluntly

rounded.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle broadly obtuse; (33)

pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, interrupted by

oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge sharply edged. (35) Mesoscutal lip

weakly bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from

pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of propodeum

about 0.82 the length of scutellum and about 1.6

times the length of metanotum, (41) slightly depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin broadly

rounded; (43) propodeal triangle moderately

well defined, evident medially as a V-shaped elevation with sharply-edged lateral rims, fading

towards metanotum; (44) lateral carinae extending at most half the length of posterior surface.

(45) Tibial spur similar to Figure 46.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

moderately sinuate.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) punctures

moderately dense below ocelli, separated by at

most their width, becoming less dense near antennae. (51) Supraclypeal area weakly granulate,

(51) uniformly punctate, punctures separated by

1-2 times their width. (53) Clypeus polished; (54)

punctures separated by their width basally, becoming less dense apically and apicolaterally. (56)

Mesoscutum moderately shiny; (57) punctation

as in Figure 430, punctures separated by their

width or less laterally and anteriorly, less dense

centrally, punctures 1-4 times their width apart.
NUMBER 429 143

,429

FIGURES 425-430.—Lasioglossum forbesii: 425, female head; 426, male head; 427, female

labrum; 428, male labrum; 429, female propodeum; 430, female mesoscutum.
144 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

(58) Scutellum very sparsely punctate adjacent to

median line, punctures 2-3 times their width

apart. (63) Dorsal surface of propodeum (Figure

429) ruguloso-striate laterally, rugulose medially;

(64) surface alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum

I moderately shiny; (66) punctation fine, dense,

punctures slightly less than their width apart.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane pale yellowish brown.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head white. (75)

Pubescence of thorax white; (76) mesoscutal

hairs moderately sparse and plumose. (77) Hind

tibial hairs concolorous, yellowish brown. (78)

Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum I and (76)

basal hair bands of terga II—IV white. (80) Acarinarium present (Figure 408), a very small circular, glabrous area surrounded laterally and

dorsal ly by elongate fringe hairs, dorsal fringe

hairs forming a straight-edged acarinarial border; opening of acarinarium extremely narrow,

width of opening approximately one-third the

width of lateral fringe hairs as seen in dorsal

view.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 6.7-8.6 mm (x = 7.5, n = 20); (2) wing

length 1.9-2.3 mm (x = 2.0, n = 20); (3) abdominal width 1.7-2.1 mm (x = 1.9, n = 20). (4)

Head as in Figure 426 (length/width ratio 0.85-

0.95, x = 0.88, n = 20). (5) Gena subequal to

eye in width, (6) moderately produced posteriorly. (10) Clypeal surface shallowly depressed

ventrally. Labrum as in Figure 428; (24) distal

process weakly developed, slightly projecting but

not acutely pointed as in L. acuminatum and L.

paraforbesii; (25) basal area depressed medially;

(26) basal lateral depressions absent. (30) Mandible short, just reaching opposing clypeal angle.

(53) Clypeus polished; (54) punctures well

formed and dense basally, very fine and scattered

over apical two-thirds. (68) Clypeal maculation

present (Figure 426). (69) Flagellum pale yellowish orange ventrally, contrasting with dark dorsum. (72) Tarsi yellow to yellowish orange.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figures 416,

417; (82) hairs on sternum IV erect, elongate,

becoming shorter laterally; (83) sternum V with

some inconspicuous erect hairs but without noticeable hair patterns or lobes.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

431; (85) sternum VIII with elongate, slender

median process, slightly broader apically than

along stem. Genitalia similar to Figures 419-422;

(86) gonobase moderately elongate; (87) gonostylus elongate, moderately slender, tapering to

acute apex (Figure 432, more slender than that

of L. acuminatum); (89) retrorse membranous

lobe extremely slender; (90) volsella with prominent lateral lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 433).—Females of

L. forbesii have been collected from late March

FIGURES 431, 432.—Lasioglossum forbesii, male: 431, sterna

VII-VIII; 432, gonostylus.
NUMBER 429 145

• ME

FIGURE 433.—Lasioglossum forbesii flight records (outer line

= total).

(one female from southern Illinois and the other

from Raleigh, North Carolina) through September, with a peak in late April. Males have been

taken from June to August, with one record from

late October (Black Mountains, North Carolina).

FLOWER RECORDS.—Females (45): Rosaceae

29%; Leguminosae 16%; Salicaceae 13%. Males

(9): Leguminosae 50%. Total: 54 in 14 families,

20 genera as follows:

*Amorpha 3(1)9; Apocynum 16; Ceanothus 19, 26; Cercis 19;

Claytonia 29; Galax 19; Houstonia 19; Hydrangea 16; Koellia

1<5; *Melilotus 6(1)9, 46; *Prunus 4(2)9; Rhamnus 39; *Rhus

4(3)9; *Rubus 7(7)9; Salix 69; *Senecio 1(1)9; Spirea 29;

Taraxacum 19; Thaspium 19; Vitex 19-

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—196 (147$, 49<J).

UNITED STATES. ARKANSAS: Cleburne Co.; Marion Co.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. ILLINOIS: Champaign Co.: Urbana.

INDIANA: Posey Co.: Mt. Vernon, 2 mi E, 5 mi S; Tippecanoe

Co. KANSAS: Anderson Co.: Garnett; Dickinson Co.; Douglas

Co.; Miami Co.; Pottawatomie Co.: Little Gobi Desert; Riley

Co.: Manhattan, Marlatt. MICHIGAN: Clinton Co.: Grand

Ledge; Ingham Co.: East Lansing. MISSOURI: Boone Co.: Columbia; Dallas Co.: Buffalo; Franklin Co.: Missouri Botanical

Garden Arboretum (Gray Summit); Greene Co.: Atherton,

Willard; Howell Co.: Willow Springs; St. Louis Co.: St. Louis;

Shannon Co.: Round Springs. NEBRASKA: Lancaster Co.: Lincoln. NEW JERSEY: Burlington Co.: Medford Lakes. NEW

YORK: Rensselaer Co.: Brainard; Suffolk Co.: Fire Island.

NORTH CAROLINA: Allegheny Co.: Scenic Highway; Avery Co.:

Grandfather Mt.; Macon Co.: Highlands; McDowell Co.: Marion; Wake Co.: Raleigh. OHIO: Clark Co.: Springfield; Franklin Co.: Columbus; Highland Co.; Hocking Co.; Ottawa Co.:

Put-In-Bay; Ross Co. OKLAHOMA: Payne Co.: Stillwater, 3 mi

E. PENNSYLVANIA: Fayette Co.: Uniontown; Westmoreland Co.

VIRGINIA: Arlington Co.: Glencarlyn; Fairfax Co.: Falls

Church; Montgomery Co.: Blacksburg. WEST VIRGINIA: Randolph Co.: Cheat Mt. WISCONSIN: Crawford Co.: Gays Mills;

Dane Co.: Belleville, Eagle Heights; Lafayette Co.; Waushara

Co.: Wild Rose.

20. Lasioglossum paraforbesii, new species

FIGURES 46, 406, 434-442

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype of L.

paraforbesii is deposited in the National Museum

of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. It is

in excellent condition and is labeled

SOUTH DAKOTA Hardy W.[ork] C.[enter] T3N.R1E.S30

[extreme southwest corner of Lawrence County, southwest

of Cheyenne Crossing on Route 85] 2-July 1965 R.W.

Hodges/HOLOTYPE Lasioglossum paraforbesii RJ. McGinley [red label].

One hundred paratypes (809, 2O<5) listed in the

"Specimens Examined" section are designated.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 406).—Lasioglossum

paraforbesii is the most common and widespread

species in the forbesii group and one of the commonest species throughout much of the eastern

and central United States. It is found from New

Brunswick to Alberta and Idaho and south to

central New Mexico, Nebraska, Illinois, Ohio,

and northern Virginia.

DIAGNOSIS.—Among species of the forbesii

group (see introductory diagnosis to the group)

the females of L. paraforbesii can be distinguished

by the structure of the acarinarium on the anterior surface of tergum I (Figure 409). The glabrous central area of the acarinarium is circular,

not arrow-shaped as is that of L. acuminatum

(Figure 407), and the hair fringe surrounding

the glabrous area has a wide dorsal opening, the

width of which is nearly subequal to that of the

lateral hair fringe as seen from above (this opening is extremely narrow in L. forbesii, Figure

408). Females of L. paraforbesii lack the sharply
146 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

edged posterolateral margins of the dorsal propodeal surface typical of L. forbesii and have

longer heads than the latter species (Figure 434,

length/width ratio x = 0.92, n = 20; compare

with Figure 425, x = 0.89, n = 20).

The males of L. paraforbesii cannot be reliably

separated from those of L. forbesii (see introductory diagnosis for the species group and the

"Diagnosis" section for L. forbesii).

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 7.2-

10.4 mm (x = 9.1, n = 20); (2) wing length 2.3-

2.9 mm (x = 2.6, n = 20); (3) abdominal width

2.3-3.2 mm (x = 2.9, n = 20).

Structure: (4) Head moderately short to moderately elongate (Figure 434; length/width ratio

0.82-0.96, x = 0.92, n = 20). (7) Supraclypeal

area evenly rounded, (8) moderately protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.74

of its length below lower margin of eyes; (11)

surface without median longitudinal sulcation.

(14) Distance between lateral ocelli subequal to

distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (23)

Flagellomere 1 subequal in length to 2 along

dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure 436; (27)

distal keel moderately broad as seen in frontal

view, lateral edges evenly bowed; (28) distal lateral projections somewhat weakly developed,

rounded; (29) some fimbrial setae bluntly

rounded.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle broadly obtuse; (33)

pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, interrupted by

oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge sharply edged. (35) Mesoscutal lip

weakly bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from

pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of propodeum

about 0.73 the length of scutellum and about 1.4

times the length of metanotum, (41) slightly depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin broadly

rounded; (43) propodeal triangle weakly defined

laterally, evident medially as a V-shaped elevation

with low lateral rims; (44) lateral carinae extending less than half the length of posterior surface.

(45) Tibial spur as in Figure 46.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

weakly sinuate, nearly straight.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely punctate below ocelli, punctures contiguous, becoming larger and less dense near antennae. (51)

Supraclypeal area polished, (51) punctures separated by 1-2 times their width laterally, becoming sparse centrally. (53) Clypeus polished; (54)

punctures separated by their width basally, apical

one-third virtually impunctate. (56) Mesoscutum

shiny; (57) punctation as in Figure 439, punctures separated by their width or less laterally

and anteriorly, less dense centrally, punctures 1-

3 times their width apart. (58) Scutellum very

sparsely punctate adjacent to median line with

conspicuous impunctate areas. (63) Dorsal surface of propodeum (Figure 438) ruguloso-striate

over basal two-thirds, posterior one-third smooth

or obscurely striolate; (64) surface alveolated.

(65) Metasomal tergum I moderately shiny; (66)

punctation fine, dense, punctures slightly less

than their width apart.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane pale yellowish brown.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head white. (75)

Pubescence of thorax white to pale yellowish

brown, white on pronotal lateral angle, pronotal

lobe and metanotum; (76) mesoscutal hairs moderately sparse and plumose. (77) Hind tibial hairs

concolorous, yellowish brown. (78) Anterior

hairs of metasomal tergum I white to yellowish

white, (79) basal hair bands of terga II-IV white.

(80) Acarinarium present (Figure 409), a relatively small, circular, glabrous area surrounded

laterally by elongate fringe hairs, dorsal opening

of acarinarium moderately wide, width of opening slightly exceeded by width of lateral hair

fringe as seen in dorsal view.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 6.9-9.0 mm (x = 8.0, n = 20); (2) wing

length 1.8-2.3 mm (x = 2.6, n = 20); (3) abdominal width 1.8-2.3 mm (x = 2.1, n = 20). (4)

Head as in Figure 435 (length/width ratio 0.88-

0.96, x = 0.93, n = 20). (5) Gena subequal to

eye in width, (6) moderately produced posteriorly. (10) Clypeal surface nearly flat, only

faintly depressed ventrally. Labrum as in Figure

437; (24) distal process weakly developed as a

short, acute projection; (25) basal area depressed
NUMBER 429 147

.-/•• t

434

FIGURES 434-439.—Lasioglossum paraforbesii: 434, female head; 435, male head; 436, female

labrum; 437, male labrum; 438, female propodeum; 439, female mesoscutum.
148

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

medially; (26) basal lateral depressions absent.

(30) Mandible moderately elongate, reaching

slightly beyond opposing clypeal angle. (53)

Clypeus polished; (54) punctures well formed

and dense basally, very fine and scattered over

apical two-thirds. (68) Clypeal maculation present (Figure 435). (69) Flagellum light brown

ventrally, contrasting with dark dorsum. (72)

Tarsi yellow to yellowish orange.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figures 416,

417; (82) hairs on sternum IV erect, elongate,

becoming shorter laterally; (83) sternum V with

some inconspicuous erect hairs but without noticeable hair patterns or lobes.

Terminated: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

440; (85) sternum VIII with moderately elongate, parallel-sided median process. Genitalia as

in Figure 441; (86) gonobase moderately elongate (same as L. forbesii for other characters).

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 442).—Lasioglossum

paraforbesii females have been collected from

April through October. Of these records, 63%

come from May and June, with a definite peak

in May for specimens from the middle-eastern

and southwestern regions. Females from the

northwestern region peak in late June. Males

have been taken from June through October,

with 66% of the records coming from July and

August.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Females (372): Rosaceae

46%; Compositae 13%. Males (42): Compositae

250 r

200 -

150 -

100

FIGURES 440, 441.—Lasioglossum paraforbesii, male: 440,

sterna VII-VIII; 441, gonostylus.

10 -

AMJJASO D

FIGURE 442.—Lasioglossum paraforbesii flight records.
NUMBER 429 149

40%; Leguminosae 38%. Total: 414 in 24 families, 65 genera as follows:

Allonia 29; *Amelanchier 5(2)9; *Amorpha 6(3)9; Anemone 19;

Asclepias 19; Aster 29, 26; Atriplex 29; Bidens 69; *Brassica

11(4)9; *Camassia 6(5)9; *Ceanothus 11(1)9; Centaurea 3d";

Chrysanthemum 19; Cichorium 19; *Cirsium 3(2)9; *Cornus

9(9)9; *Crataegus 3(1)9; Cymopterus 19; *Dracocephalum

2(2)9; * Erigeron 3(2)9; Eryngium 19; Euphorbia 19; Geranium

19; Grindelia 19, 2d; Helianthus 16; Iva 19; *Lepidum 1(1)9;

Lonicera 29; Medicago 69, 5d; *Melilotus 10(2)9, 1 Id; *Mirafo/is 1(1)9; *Pentstemon 1(1)9; *Petalostemon 5(4)9; Physalis

19; Physostegia 16; Platycodon 16; Potentilla 19; *Prunus

119(54)9; */y M i 30(1)9; * Rhododendron 1(1)9; fl/mj 3d;

*i?iiw 6(5)9; *flo.sa 5(4)9; flwfow 139, 1<5; Rudbeckia 16; *Salix

36(5)9; Sambucus 16; Sanicula 19; Scrophularia 19; Senecio

19; Sisymbrium 29; *Solanum 1(1)9; Solidago 19, 3d; *Spirea

4(4)9; Symphoricarpus 19, Id; *Syringa 2(2)9; ^Taraxacum

30(11)9; 5d; 77ia/.s/>! 19; Trifolium 19; Vaccinium 29; torfona

29, Id; Viburnum 29; *Viria 1(1)9.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Paratypes (809, 206*).

CANADA. ALBERTA: Calgary, V-7-1928, O. Bryant (39;

CAS); Medicine Hat, 24-1V-26, F.S. Carr (19; CAS); Onefour, l-IV-1956, E.E. Stearns (29; CNC), 3-VI-1956, E.E.

Stearns (19; CNC). MANITOBA: Aweme, 14-V-1925, 27-VI1925, R.D. Bird (29; CNC), 28-VIII-1914, N. Criddle (Id;

CNC); Carberry, 16 Jun 1953, Brooks & Kelton (19; CNC);

Virden, 9-VII-1953, Brooks & Kelton (19; CNC). SASKATCHEWAN: Carlton, 1 l-IX-1948, J.R. Vockeroth (Id; CNC);

Indian Head, 31-V-1924, J.J. deGryse (19; CNC); Torquay,

14-VIII-55, CD. Miller (Id; CNC). Province and locality

not specified: #1902, #2042, collection C.F. Baker (29;

USNM).

UNITED STATES. COLORADO: locality not specified,

#2276, collection Baker (19; USNM). IDAHO: Oneida Co.:

Holbrook, 5 mi NW, 16 May 1969, G.F. Knowlton, G.E.

Bohart (19; CU). ILLINOIS: Boone Co.: Blaine, 1 mi N, taken

on Prunus virginiana, 17-V-1970, J.C. Marlin (19; INHS).

Bureau Co.: La Moille, 3 ml NW, taken on Saliz sp., 12-V1970, LaBerge and Molina (49; INHS).yo Davies Co.: Stockton, taken on Cichorium intybus, 18-VII-1968, J.C. Marlin

(19; INHS). Lee Co.: Sublette, taken on Brassica nigra, 11-

VII-1968, J.C. Marlin (19; INHS). [McHenry Co.:] Algonquin, 4-23-94, collection C.F. Baker (19; USNM), #8407, 4-

30-95 (19; USNM), #8377, #8379, #8380, #8382, #8383,

#8384, #8386, 5-5-97 (79; USNM), #8390, 5-7-97 (19;

USNM), #8392, 5-8-97 (19; USNM), #8408, 5-23-95 (19;

USNM), #8431, 20 May 1905, W.A. Nason (19; USNM),

#930, Nason (19, USNM), #885, collection C.F. (19;

USNM), #1697, #1698, collection C.F. Baker (29; USNM).

McLean Co.: 0.5 mi E Weston, Weston Cemetery Nat.[ure?]

Pres.[erve?], 22-VII-1980, E. Miliczky (19; INHS). Woodford

Co.: 3 mi W El Paso, 22-VIM980, E. Miliczky (19; INHS).

County not specified: N.[orthern] Illinois], Am.[erican]

Mus.feum] Nat.[ural] Hist.[ory] Department] Invertebrate] Zool.fogy] No. 23953, 10-1-93 (19; AMNH).

INDIANA: [Tippecanoe Co.:] Lafayette, on Solanum sp., 12

Jul 1942, H.E. Milliron (19; UCR), on Platycodon grandiflorium, 12Jul 1942, H.E. Milliron (2d; UCR). MICHIGAN: Barry

Co.: Yankee Springs Game Area, R.L. Fischer slide no. 664,

VII-13-1959, Roland L. Fischer (19; MSUEL). Cheboygan

Co.: locality not specified, VII-16 or VIII-6-1953, Stuart E.

Neff (19; MSUEL). Clinton Co.: Rose Lake, at flowers [of]

Amelanchier canadensis, IV-23-1955, R.W. Hodges (19;

MSUEL). Kalamazoo Co.: Gull Lake Biol.fogical] Sta.[tion],

23 Jul 1956, R.W. Hodges (19; MSUEL). Lake Co.: locality

not specified, R.L. Fischer slide no. 665, IV-17-55, W.A.

Drew (19; MSUEL). [Oakland Co.:] Farmington, on willow,

2 May 1937, G. Steyskal (19; MSUEL). County not specified:

Bath, 5 Jun 1954, R.L. Fischer (19; MSUEL). NEBRASKA:

[Cuming Co.:] West Point, Crawford no. 2891, on Bidens,

IX-24-03, J.C. Crawford (19; USNM).

NORTH DAKOTA: [Cass Co.:] Fargo, on Viola scabriuseulia,

30 May 1913, O.A. Stevens (19; CU), #14749, on Tamarix

flowers, 2 Jun 1933, O.A. Stevens (19; AMNH), #5118, on

Taraxacum taraxacum, 20 Jun 1913, E.M. Stevens (19;

AMNH), #1784, on Dracocephalum parviflorum, 26 Jun

1910, O.A. Stevens (19; AMNH), #1815, on Asclepias syriaca, 3 Jul 1910, O.A. Stevens (19; AMNH), #2518, on

Centaurea jacea (cult.), 26 Jul 1911, O.A. Stevens (Id;

AMNH), #2629, on Melilotus alba, 14 Aug 1911, O.A.

Stevens (Id; CU), #15208, on Rudbeckia laciniata, 15 Aug

1948, O.A. Stevens (Id; AMNH), #10707, on Helianthus

maximiliani, 20 Aug 1917, O.A. Stevens (Id; AMNH),

#9705, on Melilotus alba, 22 Aug 1916, O.A. Stevens (Id;

AMNH), #3889, on Melilotus alba, 24 Aug 1912, O.A.

Stevens (Id; AMNH), #4000, on Melilotus alba, 1 Sep 1912,

O.A. Stevens (Id; AMNH), #11148, on Solidago canadensis,

and #11169, around aphids on Iva xanth.[ifolia], 11 Sep

1917, O.A. Stevens (29; AMNH). [Dickey Co.:] Oakes,

#12238, Symphoricarpos occidental, 18 Jul 1919, O.A. Stevens (Id; AMNH). [Morton Co.:] Mandan, #3357, on Rosa,

and #3368, on Pentstemon gradlis, 16 Jun 1912, O.A. Stevens (29; AMNH). [Nelson Co.:] Lakota, #6725, on Aster

paniculatus, 5 Sep 1913, O.A. Stevens (Id; AMNH). [Pierce

Co.:] Rugby, #10232, on Braissica arvensis, 7 Jul 1917, O.A.

Stevens (19; AMNH). [Ransom Co.:] Enderlin, 7-4-17 (19;

CU), [Rolette Co.?:] Turtle Mts., #10296, on Sanicula marylandica, #10306, 10307, on Rosa, #10321, on Erigeron philadelphicus, 8 Jul 1917, O.A. Stevens (49; AMNH). County

not specified: Pleasant Lake, #6353, Helianthus petiolaris, 11

Aug 1913 (Id; AMNH); Wales, #6254, on Grindelia squarrosa, 8 Aug 1912, O.A. Stevens (Id; AMNH).

SOUTH DAKOTA: [Brookings Co.:] Brookings, 15 Oct 1944,

H.C. Severin (2d; UCR), 7-31, Jun H.C. Severin (19; UCR);

Volga, Lot 230 (19; ANSP). [Minnehaha Co.:] Sioux Falls,

#8011, on Taraxacum taraxacum, 14 May 1914, O.A. Stevens (19; AMNH). WISCONSIN: Dane Co.: Madison, IV-27-

07, Hardenberg (19; USNM), VII-25-16 (19; UCR). [Mil-
150 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

waukee Co.:] Milwaukee, collection W.H. Ashmead (19;

USNM). Polk Co.: locality not specified, collection Baker,

Baker (2$; USNM). WYOMING: [Albany Co.:] Laramie, taken

on Salix sp., 30-V-1968, D.W. Ribble (4$; INHS). Platte Co.:

locality not specified, VIII-8-1967, Dave Ribble Ace. (1<J;

INHS).

Additional localities recorded: 959 specimens

(868$, 9let).

CANADA. ALBERTA: Calmar; Drumheller; Engerton;

Lethbridge. MANITOBA: Brandon, 6 mi NW; Onah. QUEBEC:

Kazabazua. NEW BRUNSWICK: Kouchibouguac National

Park; Charlotte Co. ONTARIO: Coldwater; Credit Forks;

Delta; Edgar; Kendal; Leaside; Markham; Opinicon; Orangeville; Port Credit; Primrose; Strathroy; Toronto; Vandorf; Vivian Forest; Woodstock. SASKATCHEWAN: Canora;

Estevan; Ft. QuAppelle; Love; Mortlatch; Prince Albert;

Saskatoon; St. Victor; Zealandia.

UNITED STATES. COLORADO: Boulder Co.: Longmont;

Custer Co.: Westcliffe; Delta Co.: Delta, Hotchkiss, Paonia;

Denver Co.: Denver; El Paso Co.: Colorado Springs, Foster

Ranch, Ramah; Garfield Co.: Rifle; La Plata Co.: Durango;

Larimer Co.: Ft. Collins; Lincoln Co.: Limon; Mesa Co.: Palisade; Prowers Co.: Lamar, 10 mi N; Pueblo Co.: Pueblo.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. IDAHO: Bingham Co.: Bingham (7

mi NW), Grandview, Springfield; Boundary Co.: Bonners

Ferry; Cassia Co.: Burley, Raft River Narrows; Jefferson Co.:

Rigby; Jerome Co.: Hazelton (3 mi NE Hunt Project); Turin

Falls Co.: Buhl, Rock Creek.

ILLILNOIS: Cook Co.: Chicago; Knox Co.: Galesburg. INDIANA: Carroll Co.: Delphi; Porter Co.: Valparaiso. IOWA: Black

Hawk Co.; Dubuque Co.: Dubuque; Hamilton Co.: Webster

City; Story Co.: Ames, 2, 4 mi N W; Woodbury Co.: Sioux City.

KANSAS: Anderson Co.: Garnett; Doniphan Co.: Troy, 6 mi S;

Douglas Co.: Baldwin, Lawrence; Jefferson Co.: Oskaloosa;

Leavenworth Co.: Reno, Tonganoxie; Marshall Co.: Marysville; Pottawamie Co.: Little Gobi Desert; Riley Co.: Manhattan. MAINE: York Co.: Saco. MICHIGAN: Allegan Co.: Allegan,

Fernville; Barry Co.: Hickory Corners. Cheboygan Co.: University of Michigan Biological Station; Chippewa Co.; Eaton

Co.: Dimondale, Potterville; Ingham Co.: East Lansing; Jackson Co.: Jackson; Kalkaska Co.; Lake Co.; Lenawee Co.: Onsted;

Mackinac Co.; Mecosta Co.; Midland Co.: Midland; Montcalm

Co.; Newago Co.; Oakland Co.: Farmington; Oscoda Co.: Luzerne. MINNESOTA: Anoka Co.: Bunker Prarier, Fridley Sand

Dunes; Beltrami Co.: Bemidji; Bigstone Co.; Carver Co.: Zumbra Heights; Chisago Co.; Clay Co.: Buffalo River State Park,

Hitterdal (8 mi W), Moorhead; Clearwater or Hubbard Co.:

Itasca State Park; Dakota Co.; Goodhue Co.; Hennepin Co.:

Nine Mile Creek, St. Anthony Park; Houston Co.; Lac Qui

Parle Co.: Lake Lac Qui Parle (5 mi S Milan); Lyon Co.:

Camden State Park, Marshall; Murray Co.: Lake Shetek State

Park; Otter Tail Co.; Pine Co.; Pipestone Co.: Pipestone (Olive

Falls, Pipestone National Monument); Polk Co.: Crookston;

Pope Co.: Glacial Lakes State Park; Ramsey Co.: New Brighton, St. Paul; Rice Co.: Circle Lake near Millersburg; Rock

Co.: Blue Mounds State Park, Luverne; Roseau Co.: Warroad;

Swift Co.; Wadena Co.; Waseca Co.: Waseca; Winona Co.

MONTANA: Flathead Co.: Big Fork; Gallatin Co.: Bozeman;

Hill Co.: Fresno Dam. NEBRASKA: Adams Co.: Hastings; Antelope Co.: Neligh; Chase Co.: Enders, Wauneta, 2 mi E; Cherry

Co.: Niobara River (10 mi S Nenzel); Harlan Co.: Republican

City; Hall Co.: Alda, 4 mi W; Hooker Co.; Lancaster Co.:

Lincoln; Saline Co.: Crete. NEVADA: Elko Co.: Elko. NEW

MEXICO: Bernalillo Co.: Albuquerque; Socorro Co.: Bernardo;

San Juan Co.: Aztec; San Miguel Co.: Las Vegas; Valencia Co.:

Belen. NORTH DAKOTA: Billings Co.: Medora, 10 mi W;

Burleigh Co.: Bismarck; Cass Co.: Kindred; Grand Forks Co.;

La Moure Co.: Kulm; McKenzie Co.: Theodore Roosevelt

National Park; Mountrail Co.: Stanley, 5 mi SW; Ramsey Co.:

Devil's Lake (including 6 mi E); Ransom Co.: Lisbon, McLeod, 1 mi SE; Richland Co.: Mirror Pool, Walcott (11 mi

W), Walcott Dunes; Slope Co.: Chalky Buttes; Stark Co.:

Dickerson; Walsh Co.: Drayton, Minto, 12 mi SE.

OHIO: Franklin Co.: Columbus; Fulton Co.: Swanton; Lucas Co. SOUTH DAKOTA: Clark Co.: Clark; Hughes Co.: Pierre;

Sioux Falls. UTAH: Duchesne Co.: Duchesne; Cache Co.; Emery

Co.: Castle Dale; Grand Co.; Utah Co.: Provo environs. WISCONSIN: Burnett Co.: Grantsburg, 10 mi NE: Door Co.: Sturgeon Bay; Grant Co.: Lancaster; Jackson Co.: Millston; Marathon Co.: Wausau; Pierce Co.; Polk Co.: Gibson Lake, Nevers

Dam; Rock Co.; Sauk Co.: Sauk City; Vernon Co.: Genoa;

Washburn Co.: Spooner; Washington Co.: West Bend; Waupaca Co.; Wood Co.: Griffith State Nursery. WYOMING: Crook

Co.: Devel's Tower; Goshen Co.: Jay Em; Park Co. or Teton

Co.: Yellowstone National Park; Weston Co.: Newcastle, 22

mi W.

21. Lasioglossum fuscipenne (Smith)

FIGURES 33, 443-456

Halictus fuscipennis Smith, 1853:67 [female, male].—Dalla

Torre, 1896:62 [World catalog].

Lasioglossum fuscipenne.—Robertson, 1902:34 [key].—

Michener, 1951:1106 [Nearctic catalog].—Mitchell,

1960:343 [redescription, key].—Knerer and Atwood,

1962:163 [locality and flower records].—Hurd,

1979:1957 [Nearctic catalog].—Duftield et al., 1981:323

[Dufour's gland chemistry].

Halictus capitulatus Vachal, 1904:472 [female].—Cockerell,

1905a:90 [key].—Mitchell, 1960 [synonymy].

Curtisapis fuscipennis.—Robertson, 1918:91.—Reinhard,

1924:371 [predator, Philanthus gibbosus].—Robertson,

1929 [flower records].

TYPE MATERIAL.—In his original description

of Halictus fuscipennis, Smith described the fe-
NUMBER 429 151

male and male but his only reference to the type

series was "Hab. St. John's Bluff, East Florida.

(Coll. E. Doubleday, Esq.)." The lectotype female, herein designated, is associated with the

above data and is labeled "Type" (handwritten

by Smith?). Its full label data are

Type H.T. [circular label with orange-red border]/B.M.

TYPE HYM. 14.a.l005/B.M. TYPE HYM. Halictus fuscipennis Smith 1853/fuscipenne Sm.[ith] Type [handwritten

by Smith?]/E. Doubleday. St. John's Bluff, E.[ast] Florida./

LECTOTYPE Halictus fuscipennis Smith designated by]

McGinley [red label].

The lectotype, in the British Museum (Natural

History), is missing the left antenna and the hind

left tarsus but is otherwise in fair condition.

The female holotype of Halictus capitulatus, in

the Paris Museum (MNHNP), is labeled

Teness.[Tennessee]/Museum Paris, coll. O. Sichel 1867/

Holotype [handwritten on red label]/capitulatus Vach.[al] 9

[handwritten]/Halictus capitulatus Vach.[al] [handwritten].

During shipment in August 1983, the abdomen beyond the first metasomal segment broke

off. This was apparently due to weakening of the

area by old dermestid damage as evidenced by a

small circular hole on the right side of the abdomen. The abdomen was reglued to the specimen with PVA by McGinley. The specimen is

also missing the last two tarsomeres of the middle

left leg but is otherwise in good condition. Moure

and Hurd (1986) have correctly noted that the

holotype is labeled only from "Teness. [Tennessee]," whereas in the original description Vachal

recorded the type from "Teness., Mex.[ico]"; the

Mexican reference evidently the result of an

error in transcription.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 443).—Lasioglossum

fuscipenne is presently known to occur from Massachusetts through southern Florida and west to

Michigan, eastern Kansas, and eastern Oklahoma. Hurd (1979) records this species from

Nova Scotia to Ontario, south to Texas and

Florida. Although I have not seen specimens

from Texas and Ontario, their occurrence there

is possible; the northern records to Nova Scotia

are undoubtedly incorrect.

DIAGNOSIS.—The females of Lasioglossum fuscipenne can be distinguished from all other New

World Lasioglossum by their distinctive dorsal

propodeal surface (Figure 448), which is sharply

truncated posteriorly; the lateral rims of the propodeal triangle are low but distinct and enclose

a ruguloso-striate to irregularly striate area that

sharply contrasts with the smooth propodeal surface outside the lateral rims. Additional helpful

characters are the sharply pointed pronotal lateral angle, which forms a right angle (Figure

449), the relatively sparse mesoscutal punctation

with most punctures separated by a distance

greater than their width (Figure 449), and the

lack of a first metasomal acarinarium.

Males of Lasioglossum fuscipenne are unique in

having the posterior half of metasomal sterna IIIV densely covered by short, conspicuous hair

patches (Figure 189). Unlike other Lasioglossum

from the eastern United States except L. leucozonium and L. zonulum, the clypeus is rounded,

not conspicuously flattened. The head is noticeably narrowed below with the eyes converging

ventrally (Figure 445, similar to head of L. leucozonium, Figure 493). Both L. leucozonium and

L. zonulum males differ greatly from those of

L. fuscipenne in their sternal vestiture (compare

Figures 189, 204, 205). As in the female, the

pronotal lateral angle of the male L. fuscipenne is

sharply produced.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 8.2-

10.1 mm (x = 9.2, n = 15); (2) wing length 2.7-

3.1 mm (x = 2.9, n = 15); (3) abdominal width

2.7-3.2 mm (x = 3.0, n = 15).

Structure: (4) Head moderately elongate (Figure 444; length/width ratio 0.88-0.96, x = 0.92,

n = 15). (7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded,

(8) moderately protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.70 of its length below lower

margin of eyes; (11) surface without median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral

ocelli slightly exceeding distance between lateral

ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 subequal in

length to 2 along dorsal surface. Labrum as in

Figure 446; (27) distal keel narrow in frontal

view, lateral edges slightly bowed; (28) distal
152 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

DARK FORMS

(J INTERMEDIATE

O LIGHT FORMS

FIGURE 443.—Distribution of Lasioglossum fuscipenne showing distribution of specimens with

dark legs (dark forms), specimens with yellowish orange middle and hind tibiae and tarsi (light

forms), and localities where intermediate forms or a mixture of dark and light forms occur (see

"Remarks" section).
NUMBER 429 153

lateral projections absent; (29) fimbrial setae

acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle forming well-produced right angle; (33) pronotal lateral ridge

incomplete, broadly interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge

narrowly rounded. (35) Mesoscutal lip moderately bilobed, (36) strongly elevated from pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of propodeum about

0.88 the length of scutellum and about 1.5 times

the length of metanotum, (41) not depressed

centrally, (42) posterior margin sharply truncated; (43) propodeal triangle weakly to moderately well defined, evident medially as a low Vshaped elevation with low but distinct lateral rims

extending towards metanotum; (44) lateral carinae encircling posterior surface of propodeum,

interrupted medially by V-shaped elevation. (45)

Tibial spur as in Figure 33.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II very

weakly sinuate, nearly straight posteriorly.

Sculpture: (47) Face moderately shiny, (48)

densely punctate below ocelli, punctures contiguous, becoming larger and less dense near antennae. (51) Supraclypeal area extremely granulate,

(51) uniformly punctate, punctures separated by

1-3 times their width. (53) Clypeus granulate;

(54) punctation nearly uniform, punctures separated by their width, becoming larger apically.

(56) Mesoscutum moderately shiny, noticeably

but finely patterned; (57) punctation nearly uniform throughout (Figure 449), punctures usually

2 times their width apart. (58) Scutellum nearly

uniformly punctate, punctures less dense than

those of mesoscutum, 1-4 times their width

apart. (63) Dorsal surface of propodeum (Figure

448) ruguloso-striate, striae becoming more irregular medially, not reaching posterior margin;

(64) surface alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum

I moderately dull, obscurely granulate; (66)

punctation very fine, obscure, punctures separated by 1-3 times their width.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane with clinal

variation in pigmenation, correlated with leg

color: southern forms with pale yellowish orange

legs have conspicuously infuscated wings, especially anteriorly in marginal cell to apex; northern forms with dark legs have lightly infuscated

wings (see "Remarks" section). (72) Unlike most

species, legs show apparent clinal variation in

pigmentation: southern and western forms with

tibiae and tarsi of middle and hindlegs pale yellowish orange (see "Remarks" section).

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head pale yellowish brown to white. (75) Pubescence of thorax

white to yellowish white; (76) mesoscutal hairs

sparse, obscurely plumose. (77) Hind tibial hairs

concolorous, yellowish brown. (78) Anterior

hairs of metasomal tergum I and (79) basal hair

bands of terga II-IV white. (80) Acarinarium

absent, elongate hairs scattered over anterior

surface of tergum I.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 7.3-9.6 mm (x = 8.1, n = 15); (2) wing

length 2.2-2.5 mm (x = 2.3, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 1.8-2.5 mm (x = 2.0, n = 15). (4)

Head as in Figure 445 (length/width ratio

0.80-1.0, x = 0.93, n = 15). (5) Gena conspicuously narrower than eye; (6) rounded, not produced posteriorly. (10) Clypeal surface broadly

rounded, not flattened or depressed. Labrum as

in Figure 447; (24) distal process virtually absent;

(25) basal area rounded medially, not depressed;

(26) basal lateral depressions absent. (30) Mandible short, just reaching opposing clypeal angle.

(53) Clypeus granulate; (54) punctures well

formed throughout, less dense on apical half,

approximately 1-2 times their width apart. (68)

Clypeal maculation present (Figure 445). (69)

Flagellum brown ventrally, contrasting with dark

dorsum. (72) Tarsi dark, concolorous with tibiae

or tarsi yellowish orange, contrasting with dark

tibiae (pale leg coloration occurs in the southern

and western portions of the species distribution;

see "Remarks" section).

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 189;

(82) sternum IV (as well as sterna II—III) with

conspicuous patches of dense, adpressed hairs;

(83) sternum V with less conspicuous, median

rosette of adpressed hairs, posterior edge of sternum with moderately elongate lateral hair

fringes.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

454; (85) sternum VIII without median process.
154 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 444-449.—Lasioglossum fusdpenne: 444, female head; 445, male head; 446, female

labrum; 447, male labrum; 448, female propodeum; 449, female mesoscutum.
NUMBER 429 155

FIGURES 450-454.—Lasioglossum fuscipenne, male: 450,

genitalia, ventral view; 451, same, dorsal view; 452, same,

lateral view; 453, gonostylus; 454, sterna VII—VIII.
156 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Genitalia as in Figures 450-453; (86) gonobase

moderately elongate; (87) gonostylus moderately

elongate and broad, parallel-sided, apex broadly

rounded; (89) retrorse membranous lobe moderately broad; (90) volsella with prominent lateral lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 455).—Label data

indicate that L. fuscipenne is possibly bivoltine in

the southern portion of its range. In Arkansas,

Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South

Carolina males have been collected in March and

April and then again from October through early

December. Females in this area have only been

collected from March to July but undoubtedly

occur later in the season along with the males.

Northern records suggest a univoltine pattern,

with females most commonly collected in May

and early June. Males in the mid-Atlantic region

have been most commonly taken in early October.

FLOWER RECORDS.—95% of the floral records

100

MAMJJASON D

FIGURE 455.—Lasioglossum fuscipenne flight records.

for Lasioglossum fuscipenne males were from the

Compositae. This is probably a result of the many

late season records for this species during the

abundance of Aster and Solidago blooms rather

than due to any specificity on the part of the

bees. Little can be said about female floral associations other than that they are most likely

polylectic.

Summary: Females (74): Anacardiaceae 24%;

Fagaceae 11%; Compositae 11%; Hydrophyllaceae 10%. Males (118): Compositae 95%. Total:

192 in 22 families, 34 genera as follows:

Alliaria 29; Apocynum 3$; Aquilegia 1$; Aruncus 19; Asclepias

19; Aster 366; Barbarea 39; Batodendron 19; Bidens 13d"; Carya

Id; Castanea 89; Ceanothus 59; Chrysanthemum 39, 2<5; Erigeron 19; Euphorbia 19; Geranium 19; Hydrophyllum 79; Ilex 29;

Krigia 19; *Ligustrum 1(1)9; Linaria 19; Lobelia 19; Lyonia

16; Prunus 26; Pyrus 19; Rhus 179; Salix 39; 2<J; Senecio 39,

26; Solidago 586; Tephrosia 29; Vaccinium 19, 1<5; Viburnum

19; Vitis 19; Waldsteinia 19.

REMARKS.—As illustrated in the L. fuscipenne

distribution map (Figure 443), specimens having

entirely dark legs occur primarily in the northern

portion of the species range. Forms having the

tibiae and tarsi of the middle and hindlegs pale

yellowish orange are found to the south and far

west. Localities where females are intermediate

in leg color or where both color forms are found

are indicated on the map by half-darkened dots.

An examination of the specimens from three

intermediate localities also indicates a clinal trend

in pigmentation (Figure 456). Unlike the females, where intermediacy in leg color is common, the legs of males are either dark or light.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—678 (3319, 3476*).

CANADA. ONTARIO: Leawington, Rondeau Park.

UNITED STATES. ALABAMA: Chambers Co.: Langdale.

ARKANSAS: Franklin Co.: Cass, 5 mi NE; Washington Co.:

unspecified locality. CONNECTICUT: Fairfield Co.: New Canaan; New Haven Co.: New Haven, Orange. DISTRICT OF

COLUMBIA: Rock Creek Park. FLORIDA: Alachua Co.: Gainesville, San Felasco Hammock; Collier Co.: Colliers-Seminole

State Park; Duval Co.: Jacksonville; Franklin Co.: Panacea,

10 mi S; Jackson Co.: Florida Caverns State Park; Liberty Co.:

Torreya State Park. GEORGIA: Clarke Co.: unspecified locality; De Kalb Co.: Stone Mt.; Duval Co.: Jacksonville; Fulton

Co.: Atlanta; Liberty Co.: St. Catherines Island; Lumpkin Co.;

Rabum Co.: Tiger; Richmond Co.: Augusta. ILLINOIS: Hardin

Co.: Elizabethtown, 4 mi W; Jackson Co.: Giant City State
NUMBER 429 157

WESTCHESTER CO.

NEW YORK

FAIRFAX CO.

VIRGINIA

WAKE CO.

NORTH CAROLINA

100 r—

(0

2

O 50

u.

<r

O

O

o

g 50

oc

UJ

Q.

100

-,100

50

50

DARK FORMS

INTERMEDIATE

OR MIXED FORMS

100

LIGHT FORMS

FIGURE 456.—Apparent clinal variation in Lasioglossumfuscipenne leg coloration (see "Remarks"

section).

Park; Macoupin Co.: Carlinville; Piatt Co.: White Heath; Pope

Co.: Bell Smith Springs; Union Co.: Dongola; Vermilion Co.:

Westville, 5 mi SE; Washington Co.: Washington Lake Conservation Area; Will Co.: Braidwood. INDIANA: Clark Co.:

unspecified locality; Tippecanoe Co.: West Lafayette.

KANSAS: Douglas Co.: Breidenthal Reserve (2 mi N Baldwin); Leavenworth Co.: Leavenworth; Pottawatomie Co.: unspecified locality; Riley Co.: Manhattan. KENTUCKY: Bell Co.:

Pine Mt. State Park. MARYLAND: Calvert Co.: Chesapeake

Beach; Howard Co.: Woodstock; Montgomery Co.; Prince

Georges Co.: County unspecified (may be in West Virginia): C

8c O Canal (Harper's Ferry vicinity). MISSOURI: Boone Co.:

Columbia; Franklin Co.: Missouri Botanical Garden Arboretum, Sullivan. MASSACHUSETTS: Barnstable Co.: Dennis;

Dukes Co.: Martha's Vineyard; Hampshire Co.: Ware. MICHIGAN: Kalamazoo Co.: Gull Lake Biological Station; Muskegon

Co.: unspecified locality; Oakland Co.: Lake Angelus; Ottawa

Co.: unspecified locality. NEW JERSEY: Atlantic Co.: Ocean

City; Bergen Co.; Burlington Co.; Camden Co.: Clementon;

Cape May Co.: South Seaville; Essex Co.: Montclair; Gloucester

Co.: Malaga, North Woodbury; Ocean Co.: Lakehurst.

NEW YORK: Bronx Co.; Essex Co.: Mt. Marcy; Nassau Co.;

Suffolk Co.; Ulster Co.: Kerhonkson, 4 mi NNW; Westchester

Co.: Ardsley, Lewisboro. NORTH CAROLINA: Brunswick Co.:

Southport; Buncombe Co.: Black Mt.; Burke Co.: Lake James;

Carteret Co.: Harkers Island; Cumberland Co.: Fort Bragg;

Dare Co.; Graham Co.: RobbinsvillejyoAni/on Co.: unspecified

locality; Moore Co.: Southern Pines; New Hanover Co.: Castle

Hayne; Onslow Co.: Jacksonville; Pender Co.: Burgaw; Richmond Co.: unspecified locality; Sampson Co.: Ivanhoe; Wake

Co.: Raleigh. OHIO: Hamilton Co.: Cincinnati; Hocking Co.:

unspecified locality; Scioto Co.: unspecified locality; Tuscarawas Co.: unspecified locality; Vinton Co.: unspecified locality;

Washington Co.: Marietta. OAKLAHOMA: Pawnee Co.: Jennings, 4 mi N.

PENNSYLVANIA: Dauphin Co.: Harrisburg; Delaware Co.:

unspecified locality; York Co.: Davidsburg, 5 mi NW. SOUTH

CAROLINA: Charleston Co.: Dewees Island. TENNESSEE: Blount

Co.: Tallassee; Morgan Co.: Burrville; Union Co.: LaFolette,

9 mi SE. VIRGINIA: Accomack Co.: Painter; Amelia Co.: Amelia;

Arlington Co.; Fairfax Co.; Lee Co.: Cumberland Gap; Montgomery Co.: Blacksburg; Rockbridge Co.: Brushy Mts.; Spotsylvania Co.: Fredericksburg; Sussex Co.: Jarratt; Westmoreland

Co.: Westmoreland State Park.

22. Lasioglossum heterorhinum (Cockerell)

FIGURES 34, 457-471

Halictus heterorhinus Cockerell, 1930:6 [female].

Lasioglossum heterorhinum.—Michener, 1951:1106 [Nearctic catalog].—Hurd, 1979:1957 [Nearctic catalog].

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype, in
158 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

the American Museum of Natural History, is

labeled

Mesa Verde [Montezuma County], Colo, [rado] July 3-7,

[19]'19 F4370F [?]/About 37° 12' N.[orth] "[about]

108°29' W.[est]w [about] 7300 ft.[feet]/Halictus heterorhinus Ckll. [Cockerell] TYPE [handwritten by Cockerell]

The specimen is missing the right antenna and

the tibia and tarsus of the hind left leg but

otherwise is in excellent condition. No paratypes

were designated by Cockerell.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 457).—Lasioglossum

heterorhinum is found through portions of the

Rocky Mountain system and the Black Hills,

south into Mexico. Many specimens are associated with elevation data that range from 4300 to

9000 feet. In the United States this species is

now known from Arizona, Colorado, Nevada,

New Mexico, South Dakota, and Utah. Two

females in the Oregon State Collection were

collected in Hidalgo, Mexico. They appear to be

conspecific with the northern specimens, apparently differing only by their darker scopal hairs.

Also appearing conspecific is one male collected

in Veracruz (Utah State University). Future collecting in the mountainous areas of northern and

central Mexico will probably produce more specimens of this species.

DIAGNOSIS.—Lasioglossum heterorhinum can be

recognized by the following unique character

combination: pronotal lateral carina complete,

not interrupted by oblique sulcus (as in Figure

9); mesoscutum dull, granuloso-punctate on anterior half, punctures less dense and surface shiny

on posterior half (Figure 463); acarinarium absent, elongate, dense hairs scattered over anterior surface of metasomal tergum I; head short

(Figure 458, length/width ratio 0.76-0.92, x =

0.86); basal half of clypeus conspicuously granulate, contrasting with polished apical half; wing

membranes pale yellowish brown.

In the United States, only two other species

have a complete pronotal lateral carina, L. lampronotum and L. channelense (carina actually microscopically notched, Figure 100). The mesoscutum of L. lampronotum is very shiny throughout, not dull, granuloso-punctate on the anterior

FIGURE 457.—Distribution of Lasioglossum heterorhinum.

half. Lasioglossum lampronotum also has a completely polished clypeus (not granulate basally),

hyaline wing membranes (not pale yellowish

brown), and pale yellowish orange hind legs (usually dark brown in L. heterorhinum). Lasioglossum

channelense, known only from the Channel Islands of California, is easily differentiated by its

relatively elongate head (Figure 319) and metasomal acarinarium (Figure 330). Lasioglossum

rupticristum is very similar to and sympatric with

L. heterorhinum but has an incomplete pronotal

lateral carina, hyaline wings, and an entirely polished clypeus.

A number of Mexican Lasioglossum species

have complete pronotal lateral carinae but differ

from L. heterorhinum in details of mesoscutal or

propodeal sculpture, or by having acarinaria or

elongate heads. Lasioglossum argutum is the most

similar Mexican species to L. heterorhinum but
NUMBER 429 159

can be recognized by its distinctive dorsal propodeal surface, which is highly polished and shiny

on the posterior half.

The males of L. heterorhinum and L. lampronotum can be recognized by their broad heads

(Figures 459, 487), complete pronotal lateral

carina (as in Figure 9), and characteristic hair

lobes on the posterior edge of sternum V (Figure

464; these lobes are more widely separated than

those of L. desertum, Figure 387). Lasioglossum

heterorhinum differs from L. lampronotum by having dark brown tarsi (yellowish white in L. lampronotum), and like the females, having the anterior portion of the mesoscutum granulosopunctate (punctures distinctly separated in L.

lampronotum).

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 7.5-9.0

mm (x = 8.5, n = 15); (2) wing length 2.4-2.8

mm (x = 2.6, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 2.5-

2.9 mm (x = 2.7, n = 15).

Structure: (4) Head short (Figure 458;

length/width ratio 0.76-0.92, x = 0.86, n = 15).

(7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8) weakly

protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.64 of its length below lower margin of

eyes; (11) surface with obscure median longitudinal sulcation present in most specimens (weakly

developed or obscured by punctures in some).

(14) Distance between lateral ocelli subequal to

distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (23)

Flagellomere 1 slightly shorter than 2 along dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure 460; (27) distal

keel moderately broad in frontal view, lateral

edges bowed; (28) distal lateral projections

weakly developed, rounded; (29) most fimbrial

setae bluntly pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle narrowly obtuse;

(33) pronotal lateral ridge complete, obscure

oblique lateral sulcus reaching ridge but not distinctly interrupting if, (34) lower portion of lateral ridge sharply edged. (35) Mesoscutal lip

weakly bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from

pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of propodeum

about 0.78 the length of scutellum and about 1.3

times the length of metanotum, (41) very slightly

depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin

broadly rounded; (43) propodeal triangle weakly

defined, evident medially as a low V-shaped elevation with low lateral rims, fading towards metanotum; (44) lateral carinae extending at most

to midpoint of posterior surface. (45) Tibial spur

as in Figure 34.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

weakly sinuate.

Sculpture: (47) Face moderately shiny, (48)

densely and uniformly punctate between ocelli

and antennae, punctures contiguous. (51) Supraclypeal area extremely granulate; (52) uniformly

punctate, punctures separated by 1 -3 times their

width. (53) Clypeus strongly granulate basally,

apical half polished; (54) punctation obscure, virtually absent apicolaterally. (56) Mesoscutum

mostly shiny, dull anteriorly; (57) punctation as

in Figure 463, punctures extremely dense laterally, contiguous, becoming granuloso-punctate

anteriorly, relatively sparse centrally, punctures

less dense anteriorly adjacent to median line,

separated by their width. (58) Scutellum granuloso-punctate posteriorly, punctures less dense

anteriorly adjacent to median line, separated by

width. (63) Dorsal surface of propodeum (Figure

462) mostly rugulose, ruguloso-striolate on extreme lateral edges, striae and rugulae reaching

posterior margin; (64) surface obscurely alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I moderately

shiny; (66) punctation fine, extremely dense,

punctures nearly contiguous.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane very pale

yellowish brown.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head white. (75)

Pubescence of thorax white; (76) mesoscutal

hairs moderately dense and plumose. (77) Hind

tibial hairs concolorous, pale yellowish brown.

(78) Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum I and

(79) basal hair bands of terga II-IV white. (80)

Acarinarium absent, elongate hairs scattered

over anterior surface of tergum I.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 7.0-8.6 mm (x = 7.7, n = 2); (2) wing

length 2.1-2.6 mm (x = 2.4, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 1.8-2.6 mm (x = 2.2, n = 15). (4)

Head as in Figure 459 (length/width ratio 0.77-
160 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

458

i

FIGURES 458-463.—Lasioglossum heterorhinum: 458, female head; 459, male head; 460, female

labrum; 461, male labrum; 462, female propodeum; 463, female mesoscutum.
NUMBER 429 161

0.92, x = 0.86, n = 15). (5) Gena conspicuously

wider than eye; (6) strongly produced posteriorly. (10) Clypeal surface shallowly depressed

ventrally. Labrum as in Figure 461; (24) distal

process developed as an elongate, acute projection; (25) basal area only moderately depressed

medially; (26) basal lateral depressions well developed. (30) Mandible moderately elongate,

reaching slightly beyond opposing clypeal angle.

(53) Clypeus granulate along basal edge, apical

two-thirds polished; (54) punctation somewhat

uniform throughout, punctures over apical twothirds slightly less dense than basal punctures.

(68) Clypeal maculation present (Figure 459).

(69) Flagellum entirely dark or only slightly paler

ventrally than on dorsum. (72) Tarsi dark, concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 464;

(82) hairs on sternum IV moderately elongate,

suberect; (83) sternum V with a median rosette

of short hairs, posterior edge of sternum with

broadly rounded and widely separated lateral

hair lobes.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

FIGURE 464.—Lasioglossum heterorhinum, male sternal vestiture.

470; (85) sternum VIII with elongate, slender

median process, process parallel-sided or with

apex slightly broader than stem. Genitalia as in

Figures 465-469; (86) gonobase moderately

elongate; (87) gonostylus extremely broad and

membranous basally, forming a basal collar as in

Figure 468, abruptly tapering to a short, narrowly rounded apical portion (in some specimens

the entire gonostylar area is highly convoluted

and apparently distorted as in Figure 469); (89)

retrorse membranous lobe very slender (unlike

other species, except L. lampronotum, apex of

gonocoxite near base of retrorse lobe conspicuously hairy); (90) volsella with prominent lateral

lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 471).—Females of

L. heterorhinum have been collected from March

through October, with most records from late

June. All of the March records are from Cochise

Co., Arizona; the September and October records, also from Arizona, are from Cochise and

Santa Cruz counties. Most male records are from

April but range from February (Veracruz, Mexico) to June.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Females (53): Compositae 47%; Rosaceae 17%. Total: 53 in 13 families,

17 genera as follows:

*Arctostaphylos 1(1)$; *Asdepias 1(1)9; Atriplex 29; Berberis

39;Brassica 19; Ceanothus 1$; *Cercocarpus 1(1)?; *Cimicifuga

(1)9 (collecting pollen, O. Pellmyr, pers. comm.); Erigeron

27$; Geranium 1$; Pentstemon 3$; *Phacelia 1(1)$; *Potentilla

(1)$; Purshia 2$; Ranunculus 29; *Salix 3(2)$; Trifolium 2$.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—201 (182$, 19<5).

MEXICO. HIDALGO: Laredo Highway (Baranca de San Vicente), 9 Aug 1957, 7000 ft, R.M. Straw, D.P. Gregory (2$;

OrS). VERACRUZ: Perote, 5 mi SW, 29 Feb 1972, F. Parker,

D. Miller (1<5; USU).

UNITED STATES. ARIZONA: Cochise Co.; Coconino Co.; Gila

Co.: Parker Creek (Sierra Ancha), Workman Creek; Graham

Co.: Graham Mountains; Mohave Co.: Hualapi Mountain Park

(14 mi SE Kingman); Navajo Co.: Kayenta; Pima Co.: Santa

Catalina Mountains; Santa Cruz Co.: Madera Canyon (Santa

Rita Mountains), Mt. Wrightson. COLORADO: Boulder Co.:

Boulder; El Paso Co.: Manitou; La Plata Co.: Arboles; Larimer

Co.; Las Animas Co.: Starkville; Mesa Co.: Mud Springs; Moffat

Co.: Dinosaur, 12 mi N; Montezuma Co.: Mesa Verde; Montrose Co.: Buckeye Reservoir. NEVADA: Humboldt Co.: Winnemuca. NEW MEXICO: Catron Co.: Bursum Camp (18 mi E
162 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 465-470.—Lasioglossum heterorhinum, male: 465, genitalia, ventral view; 466, same,

dorsal view; 467, same, lateral view; 468, gonostylus; 469, same, showing distortion that occurs

in many specimens (see "Remarks" section); 470, sterna VII-VIII.
MAM J J ASO N

FIGURE 471.—Lasioglossum heterorhinum flight records.

Alma); Grant Co.: Silver City, 14 mi N, Willow Creek area

(Gila National Forest); Otero Co.: Cloudcroft; Rio Arriba Co.:

Lake Burford; Sandoval Co.: Jemez Springs; San Miguel Co.:

Pecos; Santa Fe Co.: Hyde State Park (8 mi NE Santa Fe),

Santa Fe; Socorro Co.: Bear Trap Camp (28 mi SW Magdalena); Torrance Co.: Tajique. SOUTH DAKOTA: Custer Co.:

Custer State Park; Pennington Co.: Black Hills, Spring Creek

Camp (11 mi NE Hill City). UTAH: Cache Co.: Logan Canyon;

Garfield Co.: Bryce National Park (Rim Road), Lonesome

Beaver (Henry Mountains), Red Canyon Camp (11 mi SE

Panguitch); Grand Co.: Moab, 10 mi SE; Wayne Co.: Hanksville, 24 mi S (Henry Mountains); Weber Co.: Ogden.

23. Lasioglossum jubatum (Vachal)

FIGURES 35, 472-483

Halictus jubatus Vachal, 1904:474 [female].—Cockerell,

1905a:90[key].

Lasioglossum jubatum.—Moure and Hurd, 1986:62 [catalog]-

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype is labeled

Museum Paris Mexique, coll. O. Sichel 1867/Mex[ico] [illegible word, probably Sichel] [18]64 [handwritten]/Holotype

[handwritten on red label]/jubatus Vachfal] [handwritten]/

Halictus jubatus Vach.[al] [handwritten].

This specimen, in the Paris Museum

(MNHNP), is missing the fifth tarsomere of the

163

left hind leg and some thoracic hairs are matted,

but is otherwise in excellent conditon. The small

pin holes in both pleural walls indicate that the

type was originally double-mounted and later

repinned dorsoventrally.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 472).—Lasioglossum jubatum is a wide-ranging species known from

southeastern Arizona, scattered localities

throughout Mexico south to Chiapas, Guatemala, and El Salvador. Twelve males are only

tentatively associated with this species and are

therefore mapped separately (see "Remarks" section). The localities herein reported from Cochise County, Arizona, are the first records of

this species north of the Mexican border.

DIAGNOSIS.—The pale orange to golden hairs

of the vertex, pronotum, mesoscutum, scutellum,

and metanotum that sharply contrast with the

white pubescence of the rest of the head, thorax,

and abdomen will distinguish Lasioglossum jubatum from all other known New World Lasioglossum. Additional characters helpful in recognizing

L. jubatum are the short head (Figure 473,

length/width ratio 0.74-0.92, x = 0.84), granuloso-punctate mesoscutum (Figure 477), and

large acarinarium (Figure 478). The pronotal

lateral ridge shows some variability in being complete (as in Figure 9) or obscurely notched.

The tentatively associated males can be distinguished from all other know Lasioglossum males

by the elongate, rounded, and widely separated

hair lobes on the posterior edge of sternum V

(Figure 483). Other helpful characters are the

short head, complete to virtually complete pronotal lateral ridge, and the conspicuous apicomedial depression of the clypeal surface.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 7.8-

10.0 mm (x = 9.1, n = 15); (2) wing length 2.4-

2.7 mm (x = 2.6, n = 15); (3) abdominal width

2.6-3.1 mm (x = 2.8, n = 15).

Structure: (4) Head short (Figure 473,

length/width ratio 0.74-0.92, x = 0.84, n = 15).

(7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8) moderately protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.79 of its length below lower margin of eyes; (11) surface with narrow to broad
164 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

2 0 0 40 0 MILES

I l I • I

I ' I ' I ' I ' I ' I

0 100 300 500 KILOMETERS

FIGURE 472.—Distribution of Lasioglossum jubatum females (circles) and tentatively associated

males (triangles).

median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral ocelli subequal to distance between

lateral ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 subequal in length to 2 along dorsal surface. Labrum

as in Figure 474; (27) distal keel broad in frontal

view, spoon-shaped; (28) distal lateral projections

well developed, triangular, not sharply pointed;

(29) fimbrial setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle broadly obtuse; (33)

pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, obscurely interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus to virtually

complete; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge

sharply edged. (35) Mesoscutal lip very weakly

bilobed, (33) moderately elevated from pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of propodeum about

0.83 the length of scutellum and about 1.4 times

the length of metanotum, (41) depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin broadly rounded;

(43) propodeal triangle moderately well defined

laterally, lateral rims absent, evident medially as

a low V-shaped elevation; (44) lateral carinae very

well developed but extending only slightly beyond midpoint of posterior surface. (45) Tibial

spur as in Figure 35.
NUMBER 429 165

4771

FIGURES 473-478.—Lasioglossum jubatum: 473, female head; 474, female labrum; 475, male

labrum; 476, female propodeum; 477, female mesoscutum; 478, female acarinarium at base of

tergum I.
166 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

weakly sinuate, nearly straight.

Sculpture: (47) Face moderately shiny, (48)

densely and uniformly punctate between ocelli

and antennae, punctures contiguous. (51) Supraclypeal area extremely granulate; (52) punctures

separated by their width laterally, becoming very

sparse centrally. (53) Clypeus granulate basally,

apical half polished; (54) punctures separated by

less than their width basally, less dense and obscure medially to apex, apicolateral areas impunctate. (56) Mesoscutum moderately shiny;

(57) punctation as in Figure 477, granulosopunctate laterally and anteriorly, less dense centrally, punctures 1-3 times their width apart.

(58) Scutellum with sparse, fine punctation adjacent to median line, punctures 1-3 times their

width apart. (63) Dorsal surface of propodeum

(Figure 476) ruguloso-striolate, striae reaching

posterior margin; (64) surface obscurely alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I moderately

shiny; (66) punctation fine, dense, punctures

slightly less than their width apart.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane hyaline.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head white near

antennae and on genae, becoming golden on

vertex. (75) Pubescence of thorax white on pleuron, propodeum, metathorax and pronotal lobes;

deep golden to pale orange on pronotum,

mesoscutum and scutellum; (76) mesoscutal hairs

dense, conspicuously plumose. (77) Hind tibial

hair color differentiated, hairs mostly white, dorsal hairs dark brown basally, brown distally to

apex. (78) Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum I

and (79) basal hair bands of terga II-IV white.

(80) Acarinarium present (Figure 478), a large

circular, glabrous area surrounded laterally and

dorsally by elongate fringe hairs, dorsal opening

of acarinarium wide, width of opening slightly

exceeding width of lateral hair fringe as seen in

dorsal view.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows:

(1) length 7.1-8.8 mm (x = 8.2, n = 10); (2) wing

length 2.0-2.7 mm (x = 2.3); (3) abdominal

width 1.8-2.3 mm (x = 2.1). (4) Head short

(length/width ratio 0.87-0.92, x = 0.90). (5)

Gena slightly wider than eye, (6) rounded, not

produced posteriorly. (10) Clypeal surface conspicuously depressed apicomedially. Labrum as

in Figure 475; (24) distal process moderately well

developed, pointed; (25) basal area depressed

medially; (26) basal lateral depressions present,

weakly developed. (30) Mandible extremely

elongate, reaching midway between opposing

clypeal angle and eye. (53) Clypeus obscurely

granulate, shiny; (54) punctures distinct basally,

becoming poorly defined and scattered over apical two-thirds. (68) Clypeal maculation present.

(69) Flagellum entirely dark. (72) Tarsi dark,

concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: (75) Hairs on vertex, pronotum,

mesoscutum, metanotum and scutellum white.

Sternal vestiture as in Figure 483; (82) Hairs on

sternum IV moderately elongate, suberect; (83)

surface of sternum V with moderately short,

suberect hairs, posterior edge with conspicuously

elongate, rounded and well-separated hair lobes.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

479; (85) median process of sternum VIII elongate. Genitalia as in Figures 480-482; (86) gonobase moderately elongate; (87) gonostylus elongate, slender; (89) retrorse membranous lobe

moderately broad; (90) volsella with moderately

produced lateral lobe.

FIGURE 479.—Lasioglossum jubatum, male sterna VII—VIII.
NUMBER 429 167

0.5 mm

481

483

482

FIGURES 480-483.—Lasioglossum jubatum, male: 480, genitalia, ventral view; 481, same, dorsal

view; 482, same, lateral view; 483, sternal vestiture.

FLIGHT RECORDS.—Records for L. jubatum females range from March to October, with most

records from June to August, with a peak in early

July. Eleven of the 12 male records are from July

through September; one male was taken on 16

February from the Mexican state of Morelos.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Females (17): Amaryllidaceae 71%; Compositae 24%. Total: 20 in 4

families, 6 genera as follows:

* Agave 12(10)?; Aplopappus 1?; Baccharis 2$, 1<J; Bidens 1$;

Buddleia 2<5; Quercus 19.

REMARKS.—The tentative sex association for

L. jubatum is based primarily on the existence of

two series of females and males taken from Chiapas and Chihuahua. Furthermore, the males (like
168 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

females), have short heads, conspicuous clypeal

depressions, and complete to virtually complete

pronotal lateral ridges. Unlike the females, the

mesoscutal hairs of the males are white and concolorous with the pleural vestiture (female

mesoscutal hairs are diagnostically orange to

gold).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—61 (49$, 126).

EL SALVADOR. Cerro Verde, 23 Jul 1976, P. Bernhardt(19, CU).

GUATEMALA. Panajachel, Lake Atitlan, Solola, 6 Aug

1963, 5300 ft, Scullen, Bolinger (1$; OS).

MEXICO. Chiapas: Comitan, 16 mi NW, 3 Aug 1952,

E.E. Gilbert, CD. MacNeil (19; UCB); Matachic, 2 mi W, 7

Jul 1947, 6400 ft, Michener, (1?; AMNH); Teopisca, 11

Aug 1963, 6200 ft, Scullen, Bolinger (19, 16, OrS). CHIHUAHUA: Temoris, 2 mi N, 22 Aug-2 Sep 1968, T.A. Sears,

R.C. Gardner, C.S. Glaser (19; 56; UCD), 4 mi SE, 29 Aug

1969, T.A. Sears, R.C. Gardner, C.S. Glaser (19; UCD).

DURANGO: Durango, 14 Aug 1947, 6200 ft, Gertsch (19;

AMNH), 18 mi W, 7200 ft, 31 Jul 1964, J.A. Chemsak, J.

Powell {26; UCB). GUERRERO: Taxco, 3.9 km NE, 16 Sept

1976, 1707 m, CD. George, R.R. Snelling (19; LACM).

HIDALGO: Jacala, 4500 ft, 1 Sep 1963, Scullen and Bolinger

(16*; OrS). JALISCO: La Piedad, 22 mi NW, 23 Jul 1954, J.W.

MacSwain (19; UCB). MEXICO: Toluca, 15.5 mi E, 9500 ft,

6 Jul 1961, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (lcJ; KU). MORELOS:

Hueyapan, 16 Feb 1954, R.R. Dreisbach (16; KU). NUEVO

LEON: Iturbide, 1 mi W, 28 Jul 1978, Plitt, Schaffner (19;

TAM); Monterrey, 7.5 mi S, 21 Mar 1974, J.C. Schaffner

(19; TAM). OAXACA: Mitla, 20-22 Aug 1963, 5600 ft,

Scullen, Bolinger (59; OrS); Nochixtlan, 7 mi SE, 5Jul 1953,

Univ.[ersity of] Kansas Mex.[ican] Expedition] (19; KU);

Oaxaca, 14 mi E, 27 Jun 1961, 5000 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex.

Exped. (99; KU). PUEBLA: Morelos Canada, 7 km SE, 4-5

Jul 1974, J. Chemsak, J. Powell (16*; UCB); Puebla, 55 mi

SE, 7 Jun 1956, 6600 ft, H.A. Scullen (39; OrS); Tepanco,

4 mi NW, 2 Jul 1953, Univ.[ersity of] Kansas Mex.fican]

Expedition] (159; KU). SINALOA: Potrerillos, 21 Apr 1969,

4825 m, M.E. Irwin (19; UCR). SONORA: Santa Ana, 56 mi

S, 1 Sep 1968, R.W. Thorp, J.T. Thorp (19; UCD).

UNITED STATES. ARIZONA: Cochise Co.: Douglas, 8 mi

E, 19 Oct 1957, W.L. Nutting (19; UAT); Skeleton Canyon

(Peloncillo Mts.), 24 Aug 1962, H.V. Weems (19; FSCA).

24. Lasioglossum katyae, new species

FIGURES 36, 395, 484

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype is deposited in the Kansas University collection. It is

in excellent condition and is labeled

COSTA RICA, Heredia Province] 10 km. N. Heredia 25

July 1964 (Eickwort & Michener)/on Solanum tuberosum/

HOLOTYPE Lasioglossum katyae RJ. McGinley [red

label].

Twelve female paratypes are also in the Cornell University Collection and one in the Oregon

State Collection.

ETYMOLOGY.—This species is named after

Kathleen P. Smith (Smithsonian Institution), who

contributed to this study by photographing

sterna VII-VIII of all Lasioglossum species and

by translating Vachal (1904).

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 395).—Fourteen females of L. katyae are known to have been collected, 13 from Costa Rica and one from Guatemala.

DIAGNOSIS.—The large size (length 10.0-

11.9, x = 10.5), doubly-punctate mesoscutum

with black mesoscutal hairs, and infuscated anterior edge of the forewing (as in Figure 235)

will distinguish L. katyae from all other New

World Lasioglossum. See L. eickworti diagnosis for

further details.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 10.0-

11.9 mm (x = 10.5, n = 12); (2) wing length 2.7-

3.4 mm (x = 3.0, n = 12); (3) abdominal width

2.6-3.0 mm (x = 2.8, n = 12).

FIGURE 484.—Lasioglossum katyae, female labrum.
NUMBER 429 169

Structure: (4) Head moderately short (similar

to Figure 396; length/width ratio 0.92-0.96,

x = 0.94, n = 12). (7) Supraclypeal area narrowly

rounded dorsally along well-developed frontal

carina, (8) area strongly protuberant. (9) Clypeus

projecting approximately 0.88 of its length below

lower margin of eyes; (11) surface without median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral ocelli exceeded by distance between

lateral ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1

slightly shorter than 2 along dorsal surface. (24)

Labrum as in Figure 484; (27) distal keel broad

in frontal view, lateral edges bowed; (28) distal

lateral projections small but distinct, sharply triangular and projecting forward as in L. eickworti;

(29) fimbrial setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle very narrowly obtuse, sharply pointed; (33) pronotal lateral ridge

incomplete, narrowly interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) upper portion of lateral ridge

strongly carinate, lower portion broadly

rounded. (35) Mesoscutal lip weakly bilobed, (36)

moderately elevated from pronotum. (40) Dorsal

surface of propodeum about 0.78 the length of

scutellum and about 1.6 times the length of

metanotum, (41) not depressed centrally, (42)

posterior margin narrowly rounded; (43) propodeal triangle moderately well defined by low,

median V-shaped elevation and carinate lateral

rims, fading towards metanotum; (14) lateral carinae extending approximately two-thirds the

length of posterior surface. (45) Tibial spur as in

Figure 36.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

broadly convex anteriorly, straight posteriorly.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely punctate below ocelli, punctures contiguous, becoming only slightly less dense near antennae. (51)

Supraclypeal area obscurely granulate, shiny;

(52) punctures separated by 1-2 times their

width laterally, becoming sparsely punctate centrally. (53) Clypeus mostly polished, granulate

along basal edge; (54) punctures obscure basally,

separated by less than their width, very sparse

apically, separated by 1-4 times their width. (56)

Mesoscutum moderately shiny; (57) doublypunctate, smaller punctures separated by their

width throughout, larger punctures separated by

3-4 times their width. (58) Scutellum nearly

uniformly punctate, punctures fine, separated by

1-2 times their width. (63) Dorsal surface of

propodeum strongly striate, striae not reaching

posterior margin medially; (64) surface obscurely

alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I moderately

shiny; (66) punctation fine, dense, punctures separated by less than their width but not quite

contiguous.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane pale yellowish brown, anterior one-quarter to one-third infuscated.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head brown.

(75) Pubsecence of thorax mostly dark brown,

hairs white on pronotal lateral angle and pronotal

lobe, pale yellowish brown on propodeum; (76)

mesoscutal hairs moderately dense, conspicuously plumose. (77) Hind tibial hair color differentiated, ventral hairs golden, dorsal hairs dark

brown. (78) Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum

I pale yellowish brown, (79) basal hair bands of

terga II-IV yellowish white. (80) Acarinarium

absent, anterior surface of tergum I with short,

adpressed hairs surrounded laterally by elongate

hairs. (81) Unlike most species, hair band of

tergum II very narrow, covering at most basal

0.25 of tergum, hair bands of terga III—IV virtually absent, covering less than basal 0.25 of

terga.

FLIGHT RECORDS.—One female was collected

in late January, two in late June, and 11 in July.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Six females taken off Solanum tuberosum, 10 km north of Heredia, Costa

Rica. Three of these females had nearly full

pollen loads.

REMARKS.—L. katyae along with L. eickworti

and L. sandrae probably comprise a natural taxon

possibly deserving at least subgeneric status (see

"Remarks" section for L. eickworti).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—14$.

COSTA RICA. Cartago, 12 mi S, 21 Jul 1964, 2500 m,

CD. Michener (1$; CU), 8 km NE, 13 Jul 1963, 5500 ft,

CD. Michener and party (1$; CU); Cerro de la Muerte, 22

Jul 1964, 3300 m, R.B. & G. Roberts (2$; CU); Heredia, 10
170

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

km N, 25 Jul 1964, G.C. Eickwort, CD. Michener (69,

includes holotype; CU, KU); Monteverde, 23 Jun 1981, S.

Knapp (1?; CU); Volcan Irazu (south slope), 28 Jun 1963,

8500 ft, CD. Michener (19; CU); Volcan Poas (southeast

slope), 15 Jul 1963, 6450 ft, Michener & Kerfoot (19; CU).

GUATEMALA. St. Maria (Highway 53), 29 Jan 1965,

5600 ft, Bolinger (19; OrS).

25. Lasioglossum lampronotum, new species

FIGURES 37, 485-490

TYPE MATERIAL.—The holotype female of

Lasioglossum lampronotum is deposited in the

Snow Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence.

The specimen is an excellent condition and is

labeled.

21 mi. S.W. Prescott, [Yavapai County] Ariz.[ona] VII (July]

-17-1950 CD. Michener/Taken on Mentzelia pumila/HOLOTYPE Lasioglossum lampronotum R.J. McGinley [redlabel].

Sixty-three female paratypes and 10 male paratypes listed in the "Specimens Examined" section are designated.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet is derived

from the Greek lampros (bright, brilliant) plus

notos (back), a reference to the shiny mesoscutum

characteristic of this species.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 485).—Lasioglossum

\ \ V

FIGURE 485.—Distributio

\ ( •

n of Lasioglossum

 1h

 lampronotum

(circle) and L. ruplicristum (triangle).

lampronotum is known from Arizona, southern

California, Nevada, and Utah.

DIAGNOSIS.—Lasioglossum lampronotum can be

recognized by the combination of its pale yellowish orange tarsi and hind tibiae, its short head

(Figure 486), complete pronotal lateral carina,

and shiny mesoscutum with dense but distinct

punctures (Figure 490). It is most similar to L.

heterorhinum but differs in having a polished clypeus (conspicuously granulate basally in L. heterorhinum), different mesoscutal punctation (L. heterorhinum mesoscutum dull, granuloso-punctate

anteriorly, Figure 463) and pale leg color (legs

entirely dark in L. heterorhinum). Lasioglossum

rupticristum is also similar but differs in having

an incomplete pronotal lateral carina as well as

having entirely dark legs. See L. heterorhinum

"Diagnosis" for further details.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 7.8-9.6

mm (x = 8.7, n = 15); (2) wing length 2.4-2.8

mm (x = 2.6, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 2.4-

2.8 (x = 2.7, n = 15).

Structure: (4) Head short (Figure 486;

length/width ratio 0.76-0.88, = 0.81, n = 15).

(7) Supracylpeal area evenly rounded, (8) very

weakly protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.65 of its length below lower margin of eyes; (11) surface without median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral

ocelli subequal to distance between lateral ocellus

and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 slightly shorter than

2 along dorsal surface. (24) Labrum as in Figure

488; (27) distal keel broad as seen in frontal view,

slightly widest basally; (28) distal lateral projections well developed, triangular, and sharply

pointed; (29) fimbrial setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle narrowly obtuse;

(33) pronotal lateral ridge complete (broad lateral sulcus reaching ridge but not distinctly interrupting it); (34) lower portion of lateral ridge

sharply edged. (35) Mesoscutal lip weakly bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from pronotum.

(40) Dorsal surface of propodeum about 0.78 the

length of scutellum and about 1.4 times the

length of metanotum, (40) slightly depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin broadly rounded;

(43) propodeal triangle weakly defined, evident
NUMBER 429 171

medially as a low, inconspicuous, V-shaped elevation, lateral rims absent; (44) lateral carinae

extending at most to midpoint of posterior surface. (45) Tibial spur as in Figure 37.

FIGURES 486-490.—Lasioglossum lampronotum: 486, female head; 487, male head; 488, female labrum; 489,

male labrum; 490, female mesoscutum.

(45) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

weakly sinuate, nearly straight.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely punctate below ocelli, punctures contiguous, becom-
172 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

ing only slightly less dense near antennae. (51)

Supraclypeal area weakly granulate, (52) uniformly and densely punctate, punctures separated by their width. (53) Clypeus polished, obscurely granulate basally; (54) punctures separated by less than their width basally and medially

to apex, sparsely punctate apicolaterally. (56)

Mesoscutum very shiny; (57) punctation as in

Figure 490, punctures very dense laterally,

nearly contiguous, becoming granuloso-punctate

along anterior edge, only slightly less dense centrally, punctures at most 2 times their width

apart. (58) Scutellum nearly uniformly punctate,

punctation similar to that of mesoscutum. (63)

Dorsal surface of propodeum ruguloso-striolate

laterally, becoming mostly rugulose medially

(similar to that of L. heterorhinum, Figure 462);

(64) surface obscurely alveolated. (65) Metasomal

tergum I moderately shiny; (66) punctation fine,

dense, punctures slightly less than their width

apart.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane hyaline.

(72) Unlike most species, mid and hind tarsi,

hind tibiae and distal quarter of mid tibiae usually

pale yellowish orange (see "Remarks" section).

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head white. (75)

Pubescence of thorax white to yellowish white;

(76) mesoscutal hairs moderately dense and plumose. (77) Hind tibial hairs concolorous, yellowish white. (78) Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum I and (79) basal hair bands of terga II-IV

white. (80) Acarinarium absent, elongate hairs

scattered over anterior surface of tergum I.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 7.0-7.8 mm (x = 7.4, n = 2); (2) wing

length 2.0-2.1 mm (x = 2.1, n = 2); (3) abdominal width 1.8-1.9 mm (x = 1.9, n = 2). (4) Head

as in Figure 487 (length/width ratio 0.82, x =

0.82, n = 2). (5) Gena narrower than eye, (6)

strongly produced posteriorly, angulate. (10)

Clypeal surface shallowly depressed ventrally.

Labrum as in Figure 489; (24) distal process

developed as an elongate, acute projection: (25)

basal area only moderately depressed medially;

(26) basal lateral depressions moderately developed. (30) Mandible moderately elongate, reaching just beyond opposing clypeal angle. (53)

Clypeus polished; (54) punctures well formed

and dense basally, apical two-thirds sparsely

punctate with mixture of very fine and larger,

poorly defined punctures. (69) Flagellum paler

on venter than on dorsal surface. (72) Tarsi

yellowish white. Vestiture and terminalia as described for L. heterorhinum.

FLIGHT RECORDS.—Lasioglossum lampronotum

females have been collected from March through

August. The one female taken in March was

from Cochise County, Arizona; the one April

record was from Mohave County, Arizona. The

three known males were taken in July, August,

and September.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Females (26): Solanaceae

38%; Loasaceae 31% Rosaceae 12%. Male (1):

Compositae 100%. Total: 27 in 8 families, 10

genera as follows:

Agave 19; Astragalus 19; Baccharis 19; Cowania 39; *Mentzelia

8(8)9; Nicotiana 19; Phacelia 19; Salvia 19; Senecio 16; Solatium 99.

REMARKS.—The tarsi and hind tibiae of most

Lasioglossum lampronotum specimens are conspicuously pale yellowish orange but there is some

variability in this feature. Five of the 60 females

examined had at least partially darkened hind

legs: three females from Wild Rose Canyon, Inyo

County, California, had the tarsi and tibiae of all

legs darkly pigmented; one female from Box

Canyon and another from the Santa Catalina

Mountains, Pima County, Arizona, had just the

hind tibiae darkly pigmented.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—74(64$, 106*).

UNITED STATES. ARIZONA: Cochise Co.: Bisbee, 2 mi

W, 30 Jul 1959, 6000 ft, H.E. Evans (19; CU); Chiricahua

Mountains, 4 Jul 1940, L.J. Lipovsky (19; KU), 20 Jul 1955,

DJ. & J.N. Knull (19; OhS); Cave Creek Ranch (1 mi S

Portal), 3 Aug 1969, E.G. Linsley (29; UCB); Peloncillo

Mountains, 24 Aug 1962, 4500-5000 ft, H.V. Weems, Jr.

(19; FSCA); Southwestern Research Station (5 mi W Portal),

8-19 Jul 1956, C. & M. Cazier, E. Ordway (39; AMNH), 8

Mar 1957, E. Ordway (19; AMNH), 8 Jul 1963, J.G. Rozen,

D.K. Oliver, A.R. Moldenke, J.A. Woods (39; AMNH).

Coconino Co.: Sedona, 20 Jun 1964, R.S. Beal (19; NAU),

6.5 mi N (Oak Creek Canyon), 2 May 1973, F. Parker, G.

Bohart, P. Torchio (79; USU). Gila Co.: Parker Creek (Sierra
NUMBER 429

173

Ancha), 20 Apr 1947, H. & M. Townes (19; KU). Mohave

Co.: Boulder Dam, 28 Apr 1972, G. Bohart, F. Parker, P.

Torchio (1$; USU); Hualpai Mountain Park, 9 Aug 1952,

5100 ft, F. Werner, J. Bequaert (1$; UAT); Hualapai Mountains, 30 Jun 1966, D.S. Horning, Jr. (1$; UIM). Navajo Co.:

Whiteriver, 21 Jun 1957, G. Butler, F. Werner (1$; UAT).

Pima Co.: Baboquivari Mts., 10 Aug 1924, O.C. Poling (Id;

CAS); Box Canyon, 12 Aug 1978, M. Ivie (1$; MI); Santa

Catalina Mountains, 15Jul 1950, L.D. Beamer (1$; KU), no

date, J.L. Neff (1$; CU). Pinal Co.: Oracle, 11 Aug 1950,

R.S. Beal (1$; NAU). Santa Cruz Co.: Acanelo (19; UAT);

Madera Canyon, 15 Jul 1963, V.L. Vesterby (19; UCD).

Yavapai Co.: Jerome, 4 mi S, 7 Jul 1952, R.H., L.D. Beamer,

W. LaBerge, C. Liang (1<5; KU); Kirkland (Peeples Valley),

22-24 Aug 1927 (19; CU); Prescott, 29 Jul 1933, J.D.

Beamer (19; KU), 21 mi SW, 17 Jul 1950, CD. Michener

(89, includes holotype; KU).

CALIFORNIA: Inyo Co.: Frenchman's Canyon (Panamint

Mts.), 21 Jun 1978, 6800-7200 ft, T. Griswold (19; TG);

Wild Rose Canyon (Panamint Mts.), 19 Jun 1937, 7500 ft,

CD. Michener (39; KU). Los Angeles Co.: Crystal Lake, 9 Jul

1952, J. Linsley, A.T. McClay (39; UCB, UCD). San Bernardino Co.: Baldwin Lake, 2 mi NE, 17 May 1969, 6200 ft,

E.I. Schlinger (19; UCB); Hanna Flats, San Bernardino Mts.,

May 1958, C.A. Allen (Id; UCR); Lucerne Valley, 13 mi

SE, 2 Aug 1969, 5000 ft, D.P. Levin (Id; LACM); Mt. Home

Camp, 29 Sep 1955, 4000 ft, A.L. Melander (1<5; USNM);

Seven Oaks, 21 Sep 1952, A.L. Melander (Id; USNM);

Snow Crest Camp, 7 Jul 1952, H.L. Mathis, D.S. Thompson,

W.V. Garner (59; UCD); upper Santa Ana River, 31 Aug

1946, G.H., J.L. Sperry (Id; KU), 12 Aug 1953, A.L.

Melander (2c$; USNM). NEVADA: Elko Co.: Pequop Summit,

26 Jun 1955, J.C. Downey (19; UCD). UTAH: Garfield Co.:

Calf Creek, 30 Jul 1982, T. Griswold, F. Parker (19; USU);

Escalante, 11 mi E, 5 Jun 1966, G.E. Bohart (19; USU). Juab

Co.: Topaz Mountain, 7-9 Jun 1983 (29; USU). Piute Co.:

Circleville, 1-8 May 1973, W.P. Nye (19; USU). Wasatch

Co.: Heber, 15 Sep 1958, G.E. Bohart (Id; USU). Washington

Co.: Leeds Canyon, 15 Jul 1980, Hanson, Knowlton, Clemons(19; USU).

26. Lasioglossum leucozonium (Schrank)

FIGURES 38, 204, 491-503

Apis leucozonia Schrank, 1781:406.

Halictus similis Smith, 1853:69 [female],—Dalla Torre,

1896:84.—Cockerell, 1905b:352 [taxonomic notes];

1909:334.

Halictus leucozonius.—Dalla Torre, 1896:66 [World catalog;

covers older literature].—Atwood, 1933:449 [biology].—

Sandhouse, 1933:78 [taxonomic notes].

Lasioglossum leucozonium.—Michener, 1951:1106 [Nearctic

catalog].—Evans and Lin, 1959:127, 130 [predators, Philanthus bilunatus Cresson, P. solivagus Say].—Mitchell,

1960:338, 344 [key, redescription].—Knerer and Atwood, 1962:163 [locality and flower records].—Knerer,

1968:83; 1969:141-144 [biology notes].—Knerer and

MacKay, 1969:290-293.—Evans, 1975:891 [predator,

Philanthus albopilosus Cresson].—Hurd, 1979:1957

[Nearctic catalog].—Duffield et al., 1981:323 [Dufour's

gland chemistry].

TYPE MATERIAL.—The type of Apis leucozonia

was not examined. The female holotype of Halictus similis, in the British Museum (Natural History), is labeled

Type H.T. [on circular label with orange-red border]/B.M.

TYPE HYM. I7a.995/B.M. TYPE HYM. Halictus similis

Smith 1853/similis Sm[ith] Type [handwritten].

The specimen is in fair condition, missing both

antennae, the left front leg, the distal tarsomere

of the left hind leg, and the tarsus of the right

hind leg.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 491).—Lasioglossum

leucozonium is a holarctic species, widespread in

Europe. In the New World, L. leucozonium occurs

from Cape Breton Island south to New Jersey

and west to Wisconsin. An isolated record is one

female collected in 1974 from Blount Co., Tennessee (University of Kansas Collection). Future

collecting in the Appalachians may produce more

FIGURE 491.—New World distribution of Lasioglossum leucozonium.
174 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

southern records for this species.

DIAGNOSIS.—In the eastern United States,

Lasioglossum leucozonium and L. zonulum are the

only female Lasioglossum that have a strongly

striate to reticulate dorsal propodeal surface (Figures 496, 738; in other species the surface is

smooth posteriorly, Figure 358, to completely

ruguloso-striolate, Figure 438). The dorsal propodeal surface of both species is nearly unique in

being conspicuously short, only slightly longer

than the metanotum (L. titusi, a western species,

has a similarly short propodeal surface, Figure

636). The first metasomal tergum of L. leucozonium is dull with well-developed punctures separated by 1—1.5 times their width (Figure 139;

tergum shiny, punctures very fine and sparse in

L. zonulum, Figure 138). The pronotal lateral

angle of L. zonulum is more strongly projecting

than that of L. leucozonium (Figures 497, 739),

and the latter species can be further differentiated from L. zonulum and other Lasioglossum in

having conspicuous transverse striations on the

vertex behind the ocelli (Figure 140; striations

absent or weakly developed in other species).

Males of Lasioglossum leucozonium have a dense

patch of hairs on the posterior edge of sternum

V and a unique inverted V-shaped hair patch on

sternum VI (Figure 204). Other characters helpful in recognizing L. leucozonium males are the

rounded clypeus and ventrally narrowed head

(Figure 493), the coarsely rugose dorsal propodeal surface, and the yellow basitarsi of the middle and hind legs.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 8.2-

10.0 mm (x = 9.0, n = 15); (2) wing length 2.2-

2.5 mm (x = 2.4, n = 15); (3) abdominal width

2.8-33. (x = 3.1, n = 15).

Structure: (4) Head elongate (Figure 492;

length/width ratio 0.88-0.96, x = 0.92, n = 15).

(7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8) very

weakly protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.86 of its length below lower margin of eyes; (11) surface without median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral

ocelli exceeding distance between lateral ocellus

and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 longer than 2 along

dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure 494; (27)

distal keel moderately broad in frontal view,

gradually narrowing towards apex (similar to L.

zonulum); (28) distal lateral projections moderately well developed, weakly projecting; (29) fimbrial setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle moderately obtuse

(dorsal edge of pronotum well developed); (33)

pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, broadly interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge inconspicuous, broadly

rounded. (35) Mesoscutal lip rounded, not bilobed, (36) strongly elevated from pronotum.

(40) Dorsal surface of propodeum about 0.61 the

length of scutellum and subequal in length to

metanotum, (41) not depressed centrally, (42)

posterior margin indistinctly truncated (lateral

angles of dorsal surface gradually sloping from

propodeal triangle); (43) propodeal triangle well

defined by carinate rim; (44) lateral carinae extending to dorsal surface, becoming indistinct

medially. (45) Tibial spur as in Figure 38.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II only

faintly sinuate, virtually straight.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely punctate below ocelli, punctures contiguous, becoming larger and less dense near antennae. (51)

Supraclypeal area extremely granulate; (52) uniformly and densely punctate, punctures separated by their width or less. (53) Clypeus shiny

but obscurely granulate; (54) punctures dense,

nearly contiguous basally and medially to apex,

slightly less dense apicolaterally. (56) Mesoscutum moderately shiny, surface microscopically

patterned; (57) punctation as in Figure 497,

punctures coarse, separated by their width or less

laterally, obscurely formed anteriorly, separated

by 2-3 times their width centrally. (58) Scutellum

nearly uniformly punctate, punctation similar to

that of mesoscutum. (63) Dorsal surface of propodeum (Figure 496) strongly striate laterally,

becoming reticulate medially, striae and rugae

reaching posterior margin; (64) surface smooth,

not alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I moderately shiny, granulate; (66) punctation well defined, punctures deep, separated by 1-1.5 times
NUMBER 429 175

FIGURES 492-497.—Lasioglossum leucozonium: 492, female head; 493, male head; 494, female

labrum; 495, male labrum; 496, female propodeum; 497, female mesoscutum.
176 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

their width posteriorly, less dense anteriorly, separated by 1-2 times their width.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane hyaline.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head white to

yellowish white. (75) Pubescence of thorax white

to yellowish white with some brown hairs on

scutellum; (76) mesoscutal hairs moderately

dense, conspicuously plumose. (77) Hind tibial

hair color weakly differentiated, most hairs pale

yellowish brown, dorsal hairs light brown. (78)

Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum I and (78)

basal hair bands of terga II—IV white. (80) Acaririarium absent, elongate hairs scattered over anterior surface of tergum I.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 7.2-8.8 mm (x = 7.4, n = 15); (2) wing

length 1.6-2.1 mm (x = 1.8, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 1.8-2.3 (x = 2.0, n = 15). (4) Head as

in Figure 493 (length/width ratio 0.95-1.04, x

= 0.98, n = 15). (5) Gena wider than eye, (6)

rounded, not produced posteriorly. (10) Clypeal

surface broadly rounded, not flattened or depressed. Labrum as in Figure 495; (24) distal

process weakly developed, rounded; (25) basal

area with small circular median depression,

mostly evenly rounded; (26) basal lateral depressions weakly developed. (30) Mandible short, just

reaching opposing clypeal angle. (53) Clypeus

weakly granulate, shiny; (54) uniformly punctate

throughout, punctures separated by less than

their width. (68) Clypeal maculation present (Figure 493). (69) Flagellum entirely dark or with

ventral surface slightly paler than dorsum. (72)

Foretarsi entirely dark; middle and hind basitarsi

yellowish white except for dark distal edges, contrasting with tibiae and other tarsal segments;

bases of middle, hind, and usually foretibiae with

pale basal maculation.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 204;

(82) hairs on sternum IV erect, elongate without

noticeable pattern; (83) posterior half of sternum

V with dense patch of conspicuous, adpressed

hairs; (84) unlike other New World Lasioglossum

species except L. zonulum, sternum VI with a

highly characteristic hair pattern consisting of a

unique, inverted V-shaped hair patch.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

502; (85) sternum VII somewhat reduced, slender, similar to that of L. zonulum; sternum VIII

without median process; like L. zonulum, sternal

disc reduced, narrow. Genitalia as in Figures

498-501; (86) gonobase moderately short; (87)

gonostylus large, flat, rounded apically (unlike

most species except L. zonulum, gonostylus with

only short, inconspicuous setae); (88) retrorse

membranous lobe absent; (90) volsella with

prominent lateral flange.

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 503).—In the New

World, Lasioglossum leucozonium females have

been collected from late May through October,

with most records from early June. Most male

records are from late July and August but range

from June through October.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Floral label data suggests

that L. leucozonium shows a preference for flowers of the Compositae; 89% of the female records

and 64% of the male records were from composite genera. Of the 78 females noted to have

scopal pollen loads, 74 (95%) were taken from

members of this family (the exceptions were one

female from Campanula and 3 females from

Rosa). Males, unlike females, were also commonly found on Melilotus (80 records).

Summary: Females (212): Compositae 89%;

Rosaceae 5%. Males (573): Compositae 64%;

Leguminosae 16.4%; Polygonaceae 7%. Total:

785 in 13 familes, 34 genera as follows:

*Achillea 2(2)9; Anaphalis 12c5; Arctium 76; Aster 19, 66";

Barbarea 19; ^Campanula 3(1)9; 26; *Centaurea 7(2)9, 8<5;

Chrysanthemum 19; *Cichorium 15(6)9, 5(5; Cirsium 12<5; Cornus 29; Cypripedium 19; Daucus 34<5; Epilobium 2<5; Erigeron

19, 101<5; Fagopyrum 19, 4O<5; Helianthus 19; *Hieracium

123(44)9; Inula 1(5; *Leontodon 9(7)9, 75(5; Lotus 19, 3(J;

Lythrum 1(5; Malus 39; Medicago 19, 11(5; Melilotus 19, 80(5;

Ranunculus 19, 5(5; *Rosa 6(3)9; Rudbeckia 19, 12(5; *Solidago

23(13)9, 128<5; Sonchus 49, 1(5; Spiraea 16; Tragopogon 19;

Trifolium 29; Verbena 266.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—1740 (7099, 1031<5).

CANADA. NEW BRUNSWICK: Fredericton, Fundy National Park, Grey's Mill, Halcomb, Hampton, Kouchibouguac, Nerepis, St. Andrews, St. John, Tracadie. NOVA SCOTIA:

Baddeck, Cape Breton National Park, Cheticamp, Clyde

River, Hantsport, Ingonish, Kempt Shore, Kentville, Kingport, MacNab's, Mt. Smoky, Pictou, Smith's Cove, Sydney,

Truro, Windsor. ONTARIO: Algonquin Park, Bancroft, Boat

Lake, Bobcaygeon, Bow Lake, Brown's Bay Provincial Park,
NUMBER 429 177

FIGURES 498-502.—Lasioglossum leucozonium, male: 498,

genitalia, ventral view; 499, same, dorsal view; 500, same,

lateral view; 501, volsella; 502, sterna VII-VIH.

Burlington, Calabogie, Caledon, Carnarvon, Cawaja Beach,

Coderich, Cooksville, Fonthill, Forks of Credit, Guild, Hepworth, Inverhuron, Keswick, Leaside, Leith, Mallorytown,

Marmora, North Bay, Ottawa, Owen Sound, Port Elgin,

Queenston, Sauble Falls Provincial Park, St. Catharines, St.

Lawrence Island National Park, Thessalon, Thorold, Toronto. PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND: Stanhope, Prince Edward

Island National Park. QUEBEC: Gatineau Park, Hudson
100 -

50 -

300 r

200 -

100 -

M J J A S O N

FIGURE 503.—Lasioglossum leucozonium flight records.

Heights, Lac Brule, Montreal, Mont Tremblont.

UNITED STATES. CONNECTICUT: Fairfield Co.: New

Canaan; Hartford Co.: Chimunac Area Children's Museum

(W of Hartford); Middlesex Co.: Killingworth (0.8 mi SE

Kroopa Pond); New Haven Co.: New Haven. MAINE: Franklin

Co.: Dryden; Hancock Co.: Mt. Desert Island; Lincoln Co.:

unspecified locality; Penobscot Co.: Old Town, Orono; Somerset Co.: Skowhegan; Washington Co.: Perry, Moosehead Wildlife Preserve (SE of Calais). MASSACHUSETTS: Bristol Co.:

Westport; Middlesex Co.: Bedford, Belmont, Waltham; Nantucket Co.: Nantucket Island. MICHIGAN: Alger Co.: unspeciSMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

fled locality; Barry Co.: Yankee Spring Recreation Area;

Berrien Co.: Pipestone Twp.; Chippewa Co.: Sault Ste. Marie,

14 mi S; Clare Co.: Harrison, Ingham Co.: East Lansing;

Kalamazoo Co.: Gull Lake Biological Station; Kalkaska Co.:

unspecified locality; Luce Co.: Pike Lake, 1 mi N; Mackinac

Co.: Cedarville; Marquette Co.: Cranberry Bog, Ives Lake,

near Lake Superior, VanRiper State Park; Ontonogan Co.:

Silver City, 3 mi W; Oscoda Co.: Luzerne; Presque Isle Co.:

Ocqueoc Lake; Van Buren Co.: Van Buren State Park; Wexford Co.: unspecified locality. NEW HAMPSHIRE: Belknap Co.:

Meredith; Coos Co.; Grafton Co.: Dixville Notch (White Mts.),

Franconia, Littleton. NEW JERSEY: Bergen Co.; Closter, Tenefly; Middlesex Co.: Oldbridge.

NEW YORK: Albany Co.: Colonie, Westerlo, 2 mi NW;

Broome Co.: unspecified locality; Cayuga Co.: Fair Haven

Beach State Park, Spring Lake; Franklin Co.: Tupper Lake;

Jefferson Co.: Westcott Beach State Park; Hamilton Co.: Indian Lake, 6 mi E; Monroe Co.: unspecified locality; Nassau

Co.: Bethpage State Park, Hempstead Lake State Park; Magara Co.: Barker, Ft. Niagara State Park; Orange Co.: Nyack,

Tuxedo, 5 mi NW; Oswego Co.: Selkirk Shores State Park;

Otsego Co.: unspecified locality; Rensselaer Co.: Brainard;

Rockland Co.: Spring Valley; Saratoga Co.: unspecified locality; Schoharie Co.: Cobleskill; Suffolk Co.: Caumsett State

Park, Huntington; Tompkins Co.: Ulster Co.: Cherrytown.

OHIO: Ashtabula Co.: Crooked Creek Farm (near Hartsgrove). RHODE ISLAND: Newport Co.: Block Island. TENNESSEE: Blount Co.: Maryville, 6.7 mi ENE. VERMONT: Addison

Co.: unspecified locality; Essex Co.; unspecified locality; Windsor Co.: unspecified locality. VIRGINIA: Page Co.: Massanutten

Mt. WEST VIRGINIA: Hardy Co.: Lost River State Park.

WISCONSIN: Bayfield Co.: Ino, 5.5 mi W; Door Co.: N of

Baileys Harbor; Oneida Co.: Minocqua, 6 mi SW; Vilas Co.:

Lac du Flambeau.

27. Lasioglossum manitouellum (Cockerell)

FIGURES 39, 504-518

Halictus manitouellus Cockerell, 1908:119 [female].

Halictus manitonellus.—Cockerell, 1910a:260 [lapsus

calami].

Lasioglossum manitouellum.—Michener, 1951:1106 [Nearctic catalog].—Hurd, 1979:1957 [Nearctic catalog].—Evans, 1982:573 [predator, Philanthus barbatus Smith].

TYPE MATERIAL.—Cockerell described

Lasioglossum manitouellum from a syntype series

of four females. Only two of these specimens

could be located, and the one labeled "TYPE"

by Cockerell is herein designated the lectotype.

This specimen, in the University of Colorado

Collection at Boulder, is labeled
NUMBER 429 179

T.D.A. & W.P. Cockerell./Manitou ([El Paso County],

Colorado], Apr. 29 [19]04 [handwritten] TYPE [handwritten by Cockerell with red ink lines bordering lateral edges

of label]/LECTOTYPE Halictus manitouellus Cockerell

designated by] McGinley [handwritten on red label].

The lectotype is missing the last two tarsomeres of the middle left leg but otherwise is in

excellent condition. The one known paralectotype is in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 504).—The latest

Nearctic Hymenoptera catalog (Hurd, 1979) reports Lasioglossum manitouellum only from Colorado. This species is now known to occur in

Arizona, Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Texas,

and south into Chihuahua, Mexico. Two anomalous females from Hidalgo and Chiapas, Mexico, are herein only tentatively associated with L.

manitouellum.

FIGURE 504.—Distribution of Lasioglossum manitouellum

(circle) and L. xyriotropis (triangle).

DIAGNOSIS.—Females of Lasioglossum manitouellum can be recognized by the combination

of their entirely granuloso-punctate mesoscuta

(Figure 510), moderately short heads (Figure

505), lack of acarinaria, and hyaline forewings

with infuscated apices (Figure 229). The entirely

granuloso-punctate mesoscutum is characteristic

of many Mexican Lasioglossum species but is

found in only three species occurring in the

United States: L. manitouellum, L. acarophilum,

and L.jubatum. The latter two species differ from

L. manitouellum in having large acarinaria on the

anterior surface of tergum I (Figures 247, 478).

Lasioglossum heterorhinum, L. lampronotum, and

L. desertum have the anterior mesoscutal surface

granuloso-punctate but the punctures are distinctly separated posteriorly. Among Mexican

species, L. xyriotropis is most similar to L. manitouellum but differs by having a complete pronotal lateral carina (Figure 732; narrowly but

distinctly interrupted in L. manitouellum). Lasioglossum transvorsum and L. asaphes are superficially similar to L. manitouellum but have longer

heads (Figures 275, 646) and differ in other

details listed in the diagnosis for both species.

Lasioglossum manitouellum males are best diagnosed by the combination of their short heads

(Figure 506), hyaline forewings with infuscated

apices, and the elongate, lateral hair fringes on

the posterior edge of sternum V (Figure 511).

The vestiture of sternum V is very similar to that

of Lasioglossum heterorhinum and L. lampronotum

males (Figure 464). However, the latter species

do not have infuscated forewing apices and have

conspicuously complete pronotal lateral carinae

(distinctly interrupted in L. manitouellum males).

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 8.3-

10.6 mm (x = 9.5, n = 15); (2) wing length 2.7-

3.1 mm (x = 2.9, n = 15); (3) abdominal width

2.5-3.1 mm (x = 2.9, n = 15).

Structure: (4) Head moderately short (Figure

505; length/width ratio 0.85-0.96, x = 0.91, n

= 15). (7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8)

moderately protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting

approximately 0.69 of its length below lower

margin of eyes; (11) surface with narrow median
180

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 505-510.—Lasioglossum manitouellum: 505, female head; 506, male head; 507, female

labrum; 508, male labrum; 509, female propodeum; 510, female mesoscutum.
NUMBER 429 181

FIGURE 511.—Lasioglossum manitouellum, male sternal vestiture.

longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral ocelli subequal to distance between lateral

ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 shorter than

2 along dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure 507;

(27) distal keel moderately broad in frontal view,

lateral edges bowed; (28) distal lateral projections

moderately well developed, triangular; (29) fimbrial setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle broadly obtuse; (33)

pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, interrupted by

oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge narrowly rounded. (35) Mesoscutal lip

weakly bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from

pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of propodeum

about 0.74 the length of scutellum and about 1.2

times the length of metanotum, (41) slightly depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin broadly

rounded; (43) propodeal triangle weakly defined,

evident medially as an inconspicious V-shaped

elevation, lateral rims absent; (44) lateral carinae

extending at most to midpoint of posterior surface. (45) Tibial spur as in Figure 39.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

weakly sinuate, nearly straight.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely punctate below ocelli, punctures contiguous, only

slightly less dense near antennae. (51) Supraclypeal area extremely granulate; (52) punctures

separated by their width laterally, becoming less

dense centrally. (53) Clypeus granulate basally,

apical two-thirds polished; (54) punctation

sparse, punctures separated by their width basally, becoming obscure apically, apicolateral

areas impunctate. (56) Mesoscutum mostly moderately shiny, dull on median anterior portion;

(57) punctation as in Figure 510, granulosopunctate, less dense posteriorly. (58) Scutellum

nearly uniformly punctate, punctures less dense

than those of mesoscutum, punctures separated

by their width or slightly less. (63) Dorsal surface

of propodeum (Figure 509) irregularly striate

laterally, becoming ruguloso-striolate medially,

striae and rugulae reaching posterior margin or

nearly so; (64) surface shiny, mostly smooth, alveolate only along extreme basal edge. (65) Metasomal tergum I moderately shiny; (66) punctation fine, extremely dense, punctures nearly

contiguous.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane mostly hyaline with conspicuous infuscated apex beyond

marginal cell.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head white. (75)

Pubescence of thorax mostly white, pale yellowish brown on scutellum; (76) mesoscutal hairs

sparse, inconspicuous, obscurely plumose. (77)

Hind tibial hair color differentiated, most hairs

white, dorsal hairs dark brown basally, becoming

white at tibial midpoint. (78) Anterior hairs of

metasomal tergum I white; (79) basal hair bands

of terga II-IV yellowish white. (80) Acarinarium

absent, elongate hairs scattered over anterior

surface of tergum I.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 6.9-8.2 mm (x = 7.5, n = 10); (2) wing

length 2.3-2.7 mm (x = 2.5, n = 10); (3) abdominal width 1.9-2.1 mm (x = 2.0, n = 10). (4)

Head as in Figure 506 (length/width ratio 0.87-

0.96, x = 0.91, n = 10). (5) Gena slightly wider

than eye, (6) strongly produced posteriorly. (10)

Clypeal surface flat. Labrum as in Figure 508;
182

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 512-517.—Lasioglossum manitouellum, male; 512, genitalia, ventral view; 513, same,

dorsal view; 514, same, lateral view; 515, gonostylus; 516, volsella; 517, sterna VII-VIII.
NUMBER 429 183

(24) distal process absent; (25) basal area depressed medially; (26) basal lateral depressions

conspiciously developed. (30) Mandible short,

just reaching opposing clypeal angle. (53)

Clypeus granulate along basal edge, apical twothirds polished; (54) punctures well formed and

dense basally, very fine and scattered over apical

two-thirds. (68) Clypeal maculation present. (69)

Flagellum entirely dark. (72) Tarsi dark, concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 511;

(82) hairs on sternum IV erect, moderately elongate, without noticeable pattern; (83) sternum V

with median rosette of short erect hairs, posterior

sternal edge with moderately elongate, widely

separated lateral hair lobes.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

517; (85) sternum VIII with short, narrowly

rounded median process. Genitalia as in Figures

512-516; (86) gonobase moderately elongate;

(87) gonostylus slender, moderately elongate,

apex narrowly rounded; (89) retrorse membranous lobe broad; (90) volsella with broadly

rounded lateral lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 518).—Lasioglossum

manitouellum females have been collected in

every month from February to December, with

peaks in later March and again in early October.

The early records are two females, Cochise Co.,

Arizona, 19 Feb 1963; one female, Pima Co.,

Arizona, 22 Feb 1956. The late records are two

females, 1-10 Nov 1965, Cochise Co.; one female, 11 Nov 1953, Pima Co.; one female, 10

Dec 1967, Cochise Co. Males have been collected

in May, July through October, and in December.

The one May record was from Nuevo Leon (near

Monterrey), Mexico. The two December records

were from Cochise Co., Arizona.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Females (71): Compositae 31%; Rosaceae 22%; Ericaceae 18%; Anacardiaceae 13%. Total: 71 in 12 families, 13 genera

as follows:

Arctostaphylos 129; Ceanothus 39; Cimicifuga * 1 (1 )9 (collecting

pollen, 0. Pellmyr, pers. comm.); Geranium 19; Melilotus 19;

Nolina 19; *Penstemon 1(1)9 (tentatively associated female

from Hidalgo); Prunus 159; Rhus 99; Salix 39; Solarium 39;

Solidago 39; Viguiera 189.

FIGURE 518.—Lasioglossum manitouellum flight records.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—299 (248$, 516).

MEXICO. CHIAPAS: San Cristobal de las Casas, 2 Aug

1956, J.W. MacSwain, D.D. Linsdale, (19; UCB). CHIHUAHUA: Santa Barbara-Ojito, 14 Mar 1948, G.M. Bradt

(39; AMNH). HIDALGO: Baranca de San Vicente (Laredo

Highway), 9 Aug 1957, R.M. Straw, D.P. Gregory (19; OrS).

NUEVO LEON: Mesa de Chipinque (near Monterrey), 29-30

May 1977, C. Porter, A. Cerbone (1<$; KU).

UNITED STATES. ARIZONA: Cochise Co.; Coconino Co.:

Oak Greek Canyon (6.5 mi N Sedona); Gila Co.; Globe,

Parker Greek (Sierra Ancha), Sierra Ancha Experiment

Station; Graham Co.: Graham Mountains; Pima Co.; Santa

Cruz Co.: Patagonia, 8 mi S (Hidden Springs Valley); Yavapai

Co.: Jerome, 4 mi S.

COLORADO: Boulder Co.: Boulder; El Paso Co.: Colorado

Springs, Manitou; Larimer Co.: Fort Collins (14-16 mi W),

Hewlett Gulch, Loveland (10-13 mi WSW); Teller Co.:

Green Mountain Falls. KANSAS: Marshall Co.: unspecified

locality. NEW MEXICO: Bernalillo Co.: Albuquerque; Catron

Co.: Mogollon Mountains; Grant Co.: McMillan Camp (13

mi N Silver City), Pinos Altos Mountains; Hidalgo Co.: near

Rodeo; Sandoval Co.: Jemez Springs. TEXAS: Brewster Co.:

Big Bend National Park (Basin, south rim).

28. Lasioglossum morrilli (Cockerell)

FIGURES 41, 519-530

Halictus morrilli Cockerell, 1918a: 178 [female].

Lasioglossum morrilli.—Michener, 1954:40 [taxonomic

notes; Lasioglossum morrilli was not recorded in the 1951

and 1979 Nearctic catalogs].
184 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype, in

the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, is in good condition but is

glued by its venter on top of a paper point.

Darkened glue (shellac?) obscures much of the

venter and right hind leg and also adheres to

portions of both pairs of wings. The last two

tarsomeres of the left hind leg are missing. The

holotype is labeled

Tlahualico Durango Mex.[ico] 3 [Mar] 9 [19]'04/at peach

blossums/A YV Morrill Collector/Type No. 23214 U.S.N.M.

[red Iabel]/Halictus morrilli Ckll. [Cockerell] TYPE [handwritten by Cockerell].

There are no paratypes, because Cockerell

described this species from the unique female

known to him.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 519).—Lasioglossum

morrilli is presently known from only 71 specimens (61$, 106*) that have been collected in

southern Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and

northern Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Nuevo

Leon). Most specimens are from Texas.

DIAGNOSIS.—Lasioglossum morrilli has the following unique character combination: acarinarium present on anterior surface of metasomal

tergum I (Figure 525) with dorsal acarinarial

opening narrower than width of lateral hair

fringe as seen in dorsal view; head elongate (Figure 520, length/width ratio 0.86-0.96, x =

0.90); wing membrane hyaline; clypeus and supraclypeal area conspicuously polished, not at all

granulate.

Lasioglossum bardum, L. desertum, and L. jubatum are superficially similar to and are sympatric

or nearly sympatric with L. morrilli but differ in

having short heads (Figures 303, 381, 473) and

granulate clypeal and supraclypeal surfaces. Furthermore, L. desertum and L. jubatum have very

wide dorsal acarinarial openings (Figures 393,

478).

Among species having acarinaria and elongate

heads, L. paraforbesii occurs south only to Colorado and Kansas but is also easily distinguished

by its pale yellowish brown wing membranes.

Lasioglossum acarophilum has a distinctive granuloso-punctate mesoscutum (Figure 251; compare with Figure 524) and a wide dorsal acariFIGURE 519.—Distribution of Lasioglossum morrilli.
NUMBER 429 185

FIGURES 520-525.—Lasioglossum morrilli: 520, female head; 521, female labrum; 522, male

labrum; 523, female propodeum; 524, female mesoscutum; 525, female acarinarium at base of

tergum I.
186 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

narial opening (Figure 247). Lasioglossum egregium and L. trizonatum are very similar to L.

morrilli but can be differentiated by the shape of

the lateral edge of metasomal tergum II: virtually

straight in L. egregium (Figure 63), sinuate in L.

morilli (similar to Figure 61), conspicuously sinuate in L. trizonatum (as in Figure 64). The

acarinaria of L. egregium and L. trizonatum are

less sharply delimited than that of L. morrilli and

have wider dorsal acarinarial openings (Figures

693, 711). The former two species also usually

have lightly pigmented wing membranes (always

hyaline in L. morrilli) and granulate clypeal and

supraclypeal surfaces.

The elongate head, rounded and virtually impunctate clypeus, and lack of elongate hairs on

sternum V will distinguish the male of L. morrilli

from those of other New World Lasioglossum. In

its range, the male of L. morrilli is most similar

to that of L. manitouellum; however, the males of

the latter species have a flat clypeus, infuscated

forewing tips (hyaline in L. morrilli) and elongate

lateral hair fringes on sternum V.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 8.3-9.7

mm (x = 9.2, n = 15); (2) wing length 2.5-2.8

mm (x = 2.7, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 2.6-

3.0 mm (x = 2.8, n = 15).

Structure: (4) Head elongate (Figure 520;

length/width ratio 0.86-0.96, x = 0.90, n = 15).

(7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8) moderately protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.91 of its length below lower margin of eyes; (11) surface without median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral

ocelli exceeding distance between lateral ocellus

and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 subequal in length

to 2 along dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure

521; (27) distal keel moderately broad in frontal

view, lateral edges bowed, with conspicuous basal

median groove; (28) distal lateral projections

moderately well developed, triangular; (29) fimbrial setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle narrowly obtuse;

(33) pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge broadly rounded. (35)

Mesoscutal lip very weakly bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of propodeum about 0.75 the length of

scutellum and about 1.4 times the length of

metanotum, (41) slightly depressed centrally,

(42) posterior margin broadly rounded; (43) propodeal triangle weakly defined, evident medially

as a low V-shaped elevation, lateral rims inconspicuous; (44) lateral carinae extending at most

to midpoint of posterior surface. (45) Tibial spur

as in Figure 41.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

moderately sinuate.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely punctate below ocelli, punctures contiguous, becoming larger and less dense near antennae. (51)

Supraclypeal area highly polished; (52) punctures

separated by their width laterally, impunctate

centrally. (53) Clypeus highly polished; (54)

punctures separated by less than width basally,

apical edge and apicolateral areas impunctate or

nearly so. (56) Mesoscutum shiny; (57) punctation as in Figure 524, punctures separated by 1.5

times their width or less laterally, becoming very

sparse centrally, punctures 2—5 times their width

apart. (58) Scutellum sparsely and finely punctate

adjacent to median line, punctures separated by

1-3 times their width. (63) Dorsal surface of

propodeum (Figure 523) ruguloso-striolate,

often becoming rugulose medially, striae and

rugulae reaching posterior margin; (64) surface

alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I moderately

shiny; (66) punctation fine, dense punctures

slightly less than their width apart.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane hyaline.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head white. (75)

Pubescence of thorax white; (76) mesoscutal

hairs moderately dense and plumose. (77) Hind

tibial hairs concolorous, all white, or with light

brown dorsal hairs at base. (78) Anterior hairs of

metasomal tergum I and (79) basal hair bands of

terga II-IV white. (80) Acarinarium present

(Figure 525), a moderately large, circular, glabrous area surrounded laterally and dorsally by
NUMBER 429 187

dense fringe of elongate hairs, dorsal opening of

acarinarium narrow, width of opening approximately one-half the width of lateral hair fringe

as seen in dorsal view; each side of tergum I with

small bald spot posteriad of lateral acarinarial

hair fringe.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 7.6-9.0 mm (x = 8.2, n = 6); (2) wing

length 2.0-2.4 mm (x = 2.2, n = 6); (3) abdominal width 2.1-2.6 mm (x = 2.2, n = 6). (4) Head

elongate (length/width ratio 0.91-1.0, x = 0.95,

n = 6). (5) Gena slightly wider than eye, (6)

moderately produced posteriorly. (10) Clypeal

surface noticeably rounded dorsally, contrasting

with shallowly depressed ventral area. Labrum

as in Figure 522; (24) distal process very weakly

developed, rounded; (25) basal area depressed

medially; (26) basal lateral depressions absent.

(30) Mandible short, just reaching opposing

clypeal angle. (53) Clypeus polished; (54) punctures well formed and dense basally, apical twothirds virtually impunctate, punctures very fine

and scattered. (68) Clypeal maculation present.

(69) Flagellum entirely dark. (72) Tarsi dark,

concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: (82) Hairs on sternum IV elongate,

erect, without noticeable pattern; (83) sternum

V with inconspicuous median rosette of short

hairs but otherwise without noticeable hair patterns.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

530; (85) sternum VIII with moderately elongate, parallel-sided median process, rounded apically. Genitalia as in Figures 526-529; (86) gonobase moderately elongate; (87) gonostylus moderately robust, truncated apically; (89) retrorse

membranous lobe very slender; (90) volsella with

prominent lateral lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS.—Lasioglossum morrilli females have been collected from late February

through November, with most records from

May. Five of the known males were collected in

early August, one in early September (one with

no data).

FLOWER RECORDS.—Females (8): Compositae

25%. Males (3): Compositae 100%. Total: 11 in

7 families, 9 genera as follows:

Arctostaphylos 19; Cirsium 19; Citris 19; Coreopsis 19; Dasylirion 19; Helenium 3d"; Lippia 19; Prunus 19; Solanum 19.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—64 (549, 106).

MEXICO. CHIHUAHUA: Jimenez, 10 mi N, 10 Sept 1950,

R.F. Smith (1<$; AMNH); Moctezuma, 2 Nov 1965, G.E.

Bohart and A.S. Bohart (19; USU); Samalayuca, 24 Jun

1947, Gertsch (19; AMNH); Santa Clara, 3 Jul 1946, 6500

ft, Michener (19; AMNH). DURANGO: Tlahualilo, 9 Mar

1904, A.W. Morrill (19; USNM). NUEVO LEON: Monterrey,

25 Mar 1967, J.A. Francke (19; CU).

UNITED STATES. ARIZONA: Cochise Co.: Bowie, 8 mi

S, 9 Mar 1976, R.A. Belmont (Id; UCD); Monte Vista Peak,

15 Aug 1978, 9370 ft, R.W. Brooks (26; RWB); Rustlers

Park, 6 Aug 1958, P.D. Hurd (Id; UCB), 20 Aug 1973, M.

Favreau (Id; AMNH, 12 Aug 1978, R.W. Brooks (Id;

RWB); Skeleton Canyon, 6 mi SE Apache, 4 Sep 1958, P.D.

Hurd (19; UCB). Pima Co.: Molino Basin, Santa Rita Mts.,

21 Feb 1976, F.D. Parker (19; USU); Sabino Canyon, Coronado National Forest, 17 Mar 1976, Webb, LaBerge,

Marlin, Wolfe, Meyer (29; INHS); Santa Catalina Mts, 16

Jul 1973, J.L. Neff (19; CU). NEW MEXICO: Dona Ana Co.:

Las Cruces, 12 Jun 1950, J.G. Rozen (19; KU). Lincoln Co.:

Corona, Gallinas Peak, 12 Aug 1963 (26; USU); Carrizozo,

3 mi W, Malpais Lava Bed, 31 Jul 1972, G.C. Eickwort (19;

CU).

TEXAS: Bexar Co.: 12 Jul 1931, G.P. Engelhardt (19;

AMNH). Brewster Co.: Big Bend National Park, 10-12 Jun

1908, Mitchell and Cushman (19; USNM), 23 Jun 1947,

R.E. Elbel (19; KU), 11 Apr 1947, Michener and Beamer

(19; KU), 14-16 Jul 1950, R.F. Smith (29; AMNH), 9 Apr

1965, D. Bolinger (19; OrS), 27-28 May 1974, J.R. Powers

(49; UCB), J. Bequaert (49; MCZ, OrS); Marathon, 7 June

1908, Mitchell and Cushman (19; USNM), 2 mi NNW, 24

Jun 1973, M. Masters (19; CU). Culberson Co.: Van Horn,

14.5 mi S, 6 May 1959, D.P. Gregory (49; UCB). El Paso

Co.:-El Paso, 24 mi E, 5 Aug 1976, M. McKinnerney (19;

CU). Hudspeth Co.: 27 Jun, D.J., J.N. Knull (19; OhS). Jeff

Davis Co.: Davis Mts., 19 Jun 1958, D.J. & J.N. Knull (19;

OhS), 10 Jul 1958, W.F. Barr (49; U1M), 1 May 1959, J.M.

& S.N. Burns (19; UCB); Ft. Davis, 7 mi SE,, 22 May 1969,

Brothres, Krueger, Michener (19; KU); Kent, 10 mi S, 9

Aug 1959, A.S. Menke and L.A. Stange (19; UCD); McDonald Observatory, 2 mi N, 31 Jul 1970, J.C. Marlin (19;'

INHS). Maverick Co.: Quemado, 28 Mar 1946, CD. Michener (19; AMNH). Presidio Co.: Marfa, 24 mi SW, 27 Jun

1968, 5300 ft, J.E. Hafernik (16; TAM); Plata, 8 Jun 1968,

J.E. Hafernik (19; TAM). Reeves Co.: Davis Mt. Junction, 31

May 1965, M.E. Irwin (29; UCR). Schleicher Co.: El Dorado,

10 mi S, 10 Apr 1950, Michener, Rozens, Beamers, Stephen
188 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

530

FIGURES 526-530.—Lasioglossum morrilli, male: 526,

genitalia, ventral view; 527, same, dorsal view; 528, same,

lateral view; 529, gonostylus; 530, sterna VII-VIII.
NUMBER 429 189

(19; KU). Sutton Co.: Sonora, 4 May 1954, R.H. Beamer (19;

KU). Tom Green Co.: San Angelo, 9 Apr 1950, Michener,

Rozens, Beamers, Stephen (19; KUH). Uvalde Co.: Uvalde,

Michener, Beamers, Wille, LaBerge (19; KU). Val Verde Co.:

Del Rio, 12 mi NW, 23 May 1969, Brothers, Krueger,

Michener (29; KU).

Additional Texas records: Bakersfield, 3 May 1954, R.H.

Beamer (19; KU); Toyahyale, 14 Apr 1954, R.H. & L.D.

Beamer (19; KU); (16\ no further data; USNM).

29. Lasioglossum olympiae (Cockerell)

FIGURES 42, 203, 531-544

Halictus olympiae Cockerell, 1898b:51 [female].—Vachal,

1904:476 [male].

Lasioglossum olympiae.—Michener, 1951:1107 [Nearctic catalog].—Moldenke and Neff, 1974:53 [locality and

flower records, sex ratio].—Hurd, 1979:1957 [Nearctic

catalog].

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype, in

the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, is in good condition. It is

labeled

Olympia, [Thurston County], Washington]/6[june] 26 [18]

96/Type No. 29420 U.S.N.M. [red Iabel]/H.[alictus] olympiae n. sp. [handwritten by Cockerell].

There were no paratypes designated.

Halictus olympiae var. subangustus, long

thought to be a junior synonym of Lasioglossum

olympiae, is herein reported to be a junior synonym of L. sisymbrii.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 531).—Lasioglossum

olympiae is presently known from north and central California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and

Vancouver Island. It does not occur in Colorado

as was tentatively reported in both nearctic catalogs.

DIAGNOSIS.—The strong, regular striations of

the propodeal dorsal surface (Figure 536) will

distinguish Lasioglossum olympiae from all other

New World Lasioglossum except L. leucozonium,

L. zonulum, L. pacijicum, L. timberlakei, and L.

sisymbrii. Lasioglossum leucozonium and L. zonulum have relatively longer heads than that of L.

olympiae (Figures 492, 532, 734), coarser mesoscutal punctation (Figures 497, 537, 739), and a

conspicuously short propodeal dorsal surface

1 x r1

V \A

—

FIGURE 531.—Distribution of Lasioglossum olympiae.

that is only slightly longer than the metanotum

(Figures 496, 738; noticeably longer than metanotum in L. olympiae as in most other species).

Lasioglossum sisymbrii is easily differentiated from

L. olympiae by the former species' basal hair band

on tergum I (Figure 132) and its pale, translucent

tegulae. The most similar species to L. olympiae

are L. pacijicum and L. timberlakei (especially the

dark form). They differ from L. olympiae in having the posterior edge of the propodeal dorsal

surface slightly bowed posteriad as seen in dorsal

view (Figure 559; sharply truncated in L. olympiae, Figure 536). Furthermore, L. pacijicum and

L. timberlakei (dark form) have the dorsal propodeal striations more widely spaced than those

of L. olympiae (Figures 536, 559, 623), the area

immediately dorsoanteriad of the middle coxa

striolated and dull (Figure 147; relatively smooth

and polished in L. olympiae, Figure 146), and the

head and body pubescence generally pale yellowish brown to golden (white in L. olympiae).

Males of L. olympiae can be recognized by the

unique vestiture of sternum V, characterized by
190 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 532-537.—Lasioglossum olympiae: 532, female head; 533, male head; 534, female

labrum; 535, male labrum; 536, female propodeum; 537, female mesoscutum.
NUMBER 429 191

a median, longitudinal patch of short, dense hairs

(Figure 203). Also helpful in identifying these

males (but not unique) is the strongly striate

dorsal propodeal surface and the lack of a clypeal

maculation.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 7.6-9.6

mm (x = 8.9, n = 15); (2) wing length 2.3-2.8

mm (x = 2.6, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 2.7-

3.1 mm(x = 3.0, n = 15).

Structure: (4) Head short (Figure 532;

length/width ratio 0.77-0.88, x = 0.83, n = 15).

(7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8) weakly

protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.78 of its length below lower margin of

eyes; (11) surface without median longitudinal

sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral ocelli

subequal to distance between lateral ocellus and

eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 subequal in length to 2

along dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure 534;

(27) distal keel narrow in frontal view, lateral

edges slightly bowed; (28) distal lateral projections virtually absent, evident as obscure swellings; (29) fimbrial setae acutely pointed (unlike

other species, sensillae on basal elevation on conspicuous, wart-like swellings).

(32) Pronotal lateral angle moderately obtuse;

(33) pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, broadly

interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower

portion of lateral ridge inconspicuous, broadly

rounded. (35) Mesoscutal lip rounded, not bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from pronotum.

(40) Dorsal surface of propodeum about 0.69 the

length of scutellum and about 1.2 times the

length of metanotum, (41) not depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin sharply truncated;

(43) propodeal triangle weakly defined laterally;

(44) lateral carinae completely encircling posterior surface. (45) Tibial spur as in Figure 42.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

weakly sinuate, nearly straight.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely and

uniformly punctate between ocelli and antennae,

punctures contiguous. (51) Supraclypeal area extremely granulate; (52) uniformly and densely

punctate, punctures separated by their width or

less. (53) Clypeus granulate basally and medially

to apex, apicolateral areas polished; (54) punctures separated by less than their width basally,

becoming less dense apically. (56) Mesoscutum

shiny; (57) punctation as in Figure 537, nearly

uniform, punctures 1-2 times their width apart,

granuloso-punctate along anterior edge. (58)

Scutellum sparsely punctate adjacent to midline,

punctures 2-3 times their width apart. (63) Dorsal surface of propodeum (Figure 536) strongly

and completely striated, striae closer together

medially than laterally, usually with obscure regulae in median sulcations; (64) surface smooth,

not alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I shiny;

(66) punctation fine, moderately sparse, punctures about 2 times their width apart.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane nearly hyaline, very lightly pigmented.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head white. (75)

Pubescence of thorax white to yellowish white;

(76) mesoscutal hairs moderately dense, conspicuously plumose. (77) Hind tibial hair color differentiated, mostly white to pale yellowish

brown, dorsal hairs dark brown to brown. (78)

Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum I and (79)

basal hair bands of terga II-IV white. (80) Acarinarium absent, elongate hairs scattered over anterior surface of tergum I.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 6.2-7.8 mm (x = 7.0, n = 15); (2) wing

length 1.8-2.3 mm (x = 2.0, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 2.0-2.5 mm (x = 2.3, n = 15). (4)

Head as in Figure 533 (length/width ratio 0.76-

0.95, x = 0.86, n = 15). (5) Gena subequal to

eye in width, (6) rounded, not produced posteriorly. (10) Clypeal surface broadly rounded, not

flattened or depressed. Labrum as in Figure 535;

(24) distal process absent; (25) basal area rounded

medially, not depressed; (26) basal lateral depressions absent. (30) Mandible very short, not reaching opposing clypeal angle. (53) Clypeus weakly

granulate, shiny; (54) punctation nearly uniform

throughout, punctures separated by 1-2 times

their width. (68) Clypeal maculation absent. (69)

Flagellum entirely dark. (72) Tarsi dark, concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figures 203;
192 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 538-543.—Lasioglossum olympiae, male: 538, genitalia, ventral view; 539, same, dorsal

view; 540, same, lateral view; 541, volsella; 542, gonostylus, 543, sterna VII—VIIII.
100 -

15

i ' i i ' i ' r

MAMJJAS O

FIGURE 544.—Lasioglossum olympiae flight records.

(82) posterior half of sternum IV with dense,

conspicuous band of adpressed hairs; (83) sternum V with a unique median, longitudinal patch

of short, dense hairs; posterior sternal edge with

short lateral hair fringes.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

543; (84) unlike other species, sternum VII relatively large, median process broad; sternum

VIII without median process, disc conspicuously

broad. Genitalia in Figures 538-542; (86) gonobase short; (87) gonostylus short, broadly

rounded; (89) retrorse membranous lobe extremely reduced, slender; (90) volsella with lateral flange but lacking prominent lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 544).—Lasioglossum

olympiae females have been collected from March

through early September, with 78% of the records from May and June, with a peak in early

June. The one female collected in September

was taken in Benton County, Oregon. The one

female record from October was from Santa

Clara County, California.

Most male specimens have been collected in

late July through August, with records ranging

from June to early October. All of the 17 records

193

from September were specimens collected in Oregon and British Columbia. The three males

collected in October were from Latah County,

Idaho; the two collected in June were from Alameda and Marin counties, California.

FLOWER RECORDS.—The flower records for L.

olympiae are highly influenced by a large series

of females (113 specimens) collected by E.G.

Linsley and A.J. Walz in Mariposa County, California, June 1942. All of these females were

taken from Eriogonum (none had pollen loads).

Summary: Females (204): Polygonaceae 52%;

Rosaceae 13%. Males (10): Compositae 100%.

Total: 214 in 15 families, 23 genera as follows:

Brassica 29; *Ceanothus 8(2)9; Crataegus 19; *Downingia

2(1)9; Eriogonum 1099; *Eschscholtzia 2(1)9; *Heracleum

12(4)9; Lasthenia 39; Layia 19; *Limnanthes 8(1)9; Orthocarpus 29; *Phacelia 2(2)9; Potentilla 49; Ranunculus 99; Rosa

89; Rubus 89; Salix 49; *Sisyrinchium 1(1)9; Solidago 96;

Spiraea 79; Taraxacum 19; Trifolium 79; Veronica 39.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—857 (800$, 576).

CANADA. BRITISH COLUMBIA: Bowser, Courtenay, Gabriola Island, Langford, Nanaimo Biology Station, Royal

Oak, Saanich, Victoria.

UNITED STATES. CALIFORNIA: Alameda Co.: Albany,

Berkeley, Piedmont; Amador Co.: Fiddletown, 5.6 mi E;

Contra Costa Co.: Antioch, Orinda Village; El Dorado Co.:

Lake Tahoe, Strawberry Valley, Tallac; Fresno Co.: Sulphur

Meadow, Shaver Lake; Humboldt Co.: Bair's Ranch, Fort

Seward, Garberville, 3 mi N; Madera Co.: Midway, Oakhurst;

Marin Co.; Mariposa Co.: Fish Camp, Miami Ranger Station,

Wawona; Mendocino Co.; Modoc Co.: Adin Pass, Buck Creek

Ranger Station, Davis Creek, Likely, 15.4 mi E; Nevada Co.:

Russell Valley, Sagehen, near Hobart Mills, Placer Co.: Dutch

Flat; Plumas Co.: Butterfly Valley, Clio, Quincy (4 mi W),

Portola; San Francisco Co.: salt marshes, San Francisco Bay;

San Mateo Co.: King's Mountain, Menlo Park; Santa Clara

Co.: Los Gatos, Palo Alto; Santa Cruz Co.: Felton; Shasta Co.:

Burney, Hat Creek; Sierra Co.; Siskiyou Co.: Bartle (I mi SE),

Dorris (16 mi SW), Fallen Leaf Lake, Lake Tahoe; Sonoma

Co.; Trinity Co.: Big Flat, Coffee Creek; Tuolumne Co. IDAHO:

Kootenai Co.: Coeur d'Alene; Latah Co.: Deary, Potlatch,

Troy; Lewis Co.: Nezperce; Nez Perce Co.: Gifford, Lewiston.

NEVADA: Douglas Co.: Carlson Valley.

OREGON: Benton Co.; Clackamas Co.: Oswego; Columbia

Co.: Scappoose; Douglas Co.; Jackson Co.; Klamath Co.: Bly

Mountain, Klamath Lake; Lake Co.: unspecified locality; Lane

Co.: Eugene; Lincoln Co.: Lincoln, 6 mi W; Linn Co.; Marion

Co.: Mt. Angel, Salem, Wheatland Ferry; Sherman Co.: Mosier; Umatilla Co.: Echo, Ukiah-Dale Forest wayside, Camas
194 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Creek: Union Co.: Cove; Wallowa Co.: Minatn State Park;

Washington Co.: Forest Grove; Yamhill Co.: Sheridan. WASHINGTON: Asotin Co.: Anatone, 4 mi S; Island Co.: Oak Harbor,

2 mi NE (Whidby Island); San Juan Co.: Friday Harbor, San

Juan Island; Pierce Co.: Fort Lewis; Spokane Co.: Spokane;

Thurston Co.: Olympia, Tenino; Walla Walla Co.: Walla

Walla.

30. Lasioglossum orphnaeum, new species

FIGURES 43, 300, 545-553

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype is in

the Snow Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence. It is in excellent condition and is labeled

MEXICO Puebla Apulco (N. of Zacapoaxtla) 4700 ft. 19

June 1961 U. Kans. Mex. Exped./HOLOTYPE Lasioglossum orphnaeum R.J. McGinley [red label].

The one male paratype is in the University of

Kansas collection and six female paratypes are

deposited in the Michigan State University collection in East Lansing (the paratypes are listed

in the "Specimens Examined" section).

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet is derived

from the Greek orphnos (dark, dusky), and alludes to the dark-brown mesoscutal hairs characteristic of this species.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 300).—Lasioglossum orphaneum is presently known from only seven

females and one male from the Mexican states of

Puebla and Veracruz.

DIAGNOSIS.—Females of L. orphnaeum are the

only Mexican Lasioglossum having a strongly

striate dorsal propodeal surface (Figure 547).

The propodeum of L. perscabrum is highly sculptured but reticulate (Figure 599), not striate.

Like L. perscabrum, the mesoscutal punctuation

is coarse, nearly contiguous and becomes scabrous along the anterior edge (Figure 548) and

the pronotal lateral angle is sharply projecting.

Unlike L. perscabrum, the mesoscutal hairs of L.

orphnaeum are dark brown (found elsewhere only

in L. eickworti and L. katyae, which differ from L.

orphnaeum in lacking the strongly sculptured propodeal surface). The pronotal lateral carina appears complete, only obscurely notched by an

oblique lateral sulcus (Figure 549).

Lasioglossum citerius, known only from the

unique holotype female, which lacks locality data,

is probably a Mexican species (see "Distribution"

section for L. citerius). It shares with L.

orphnaeum the dark mesoscutal hairs, the striate

dorsal propodeal surface, and the sharply projecting pronotal angles. Lasioglossum citerius differs from L. orphnaeum in having the anterior

median edge of the mesoscutum strongly elevated and bilobed (moderately elevated and

weakly bilobed in L. orphnaeum), having large,

widely separated mesoscutal punctures posteriorly (Figure 336; compare with Figure 548),

and by having a broadly interrupted pronotal

lateral carina with the lower portion of the carina

broadly rounded and inconspicuous (similar to

that of L. pacificum, Figure 12; pronotal carina

sharply edged, nearly complete in L. orphnaeum,

Figure 549).

The propodeal sculpturing of the one known

L. orphnaeum male is similar to that of the female

but has fewer striae. The mesoscutal hairs of the

male are not so dark as those of the female, and

the pronotal lateral carina is conspicuously complete and sharply edged.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 7.8-9.3

mm (x = 8.3, n = 6); (2) wing length 2.3-2.4

mm (x = 2.4, n = 6); (3) abdominal width 2.5-

2.8 mm (x = 2.6, n = 6).

Structure: (4) Head short (Figure 545;

length/width ratio 0.83-0.91, x = 0.88, n = 6).

(7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded with welldeveloped frontal carina dorsally, (8) area weakly

protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.68 of its length below lower margin of

eyes; (11) surface with obscure median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral

ocelli slightly exceeded by distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 subequal to 2 in length along dorsal surface. Labrum

as in Figure 546; (27) distal keel moderately

narrow, lateral edges bowed; (28) distal lateral

projections absent; (29) fimbrial setae acutely

pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle forming sharply

projecting right angle; (33) pronotal lateral ridge
NUMBER 429 195

nearly complete, obscurely notched by oblique

lateral sulcus (similar to L. perscabrum); (34)

lower portion of lateral ridge sharply edged. (35)

Mesoscutal lip weakly bilobed, (36) moderately

FIGURES 545-549.—Lasioglossum orphnaeum, female:

545, head; 546, labrum; 547, propodeuni; 548, mesoscutum; 549, pronotum, lateral view.

elevated from pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of

propodeuni about 0.80 the length of scutellum

and about 1.5 times the length of metanotum,

(41) depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin
196

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

550 0.5 mm

552

553

FIGURES 550-553.—Lasioglossum orphnaeum, male: 550, genitalia, ventral view, 551; same,

dorsal view; 552, same, lateral view; 553, sternal vestiture.

rounded; (43) propodeal triangle defined medially by a low V-shaped elevation, laterally by

distinct carinate rims; (44) lateral carinae well

developed, extending nearly to dorsal surface.

(45) Tibial spur as in Figure 43.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

weakly sinuate.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely and

uniformly punctate between ocelli and antennae

punctures contiguous. (51) Supraclypeal area obscurely granulate, shiny; (52) punctation sparse.

(53) Clypeus granulate basally, apical two-thirds

polished; (54) punctures obscure basally, sparse

apically, separated by 1-3 times their width. (56)

Mesoscutum shiny; (57) punctation as in Figure

548, punctures coarse, contiguous laterally, sep-
NUMBER 429 197

arated by their width centrally, surface conspicuously scabrous anteriorly. (58) Scutellum with

moderately sparse punctation adjacent to median

line, punctures 2-3 times their width apart. (63)

Dorsal surface of propodeum (Figure 547)

strongly striate basally, posterior half rugose,

median stria very well developed; (64) surface

smooth, not alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum

I moderately shiny; (66) punctation fine, dense,

punctures slightly less than their width apart.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane mostly hyaline, obscurely infuscated apically.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head white on

gena and near antennae, becoming brown on

vertex. (75) Pubescence of mesoscutum, scutellum dark brown, hairs on metanotum, propodeum and mesopleuron white; (76) mesoscutal

hairs moderately dense, conspicuously plumose.

(77) Hind tibial hairs concolorous, brown. (78)

Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum I and (79)

basal hair bands of terga II—IV white. (80) Acarinarium absent, elongate hairs scattered over anterior surface of tergum I. (81) Unlike most

species, basal hair hands narrow, covering at

most basal 0.25 of terga.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 7.0 mm (n = 1); (2) wing length 2.2 mm

(n = 1); (3) abdominal width 2.0 mm (n = 1). (4)

Head short, length/width ratio 0.90 (n = 1). (5)

Gena subequal to eye in width, (6) moderately

produced posteriorly. (10) Clypeal surface noticeably depressed ventrally. (24) Labral distal

process weakly developed, broadly rounded; (25)

basal area only faintly depressed medially; (26)

basal lateral depressions well developed. (30)

Mandible moderately elongate, reaching slightly

beyond opposing clypeal angle. (53) Clypeus

granulate, shiny; (54) punctation nearly uniform

throughout, punctures larger and slightly less

dense towards apical edge, absent in apical median depression. (68) Clypeal maculation absent.

(69) Flagellum entirely dark. (72) Tarsi dark,

concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 553;

(82) hairs on sternum IV moderately short, suberect medially, directed laterally and becoming

elongate near lateral edge of sternum; (83) vestiture of sternum V similar to that of sternum IV

but with lateral elongate hairs noticeably curled.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII were not available for study. Genitalia as in Figures 550-552;

(86) gonobase moderately elongate; (87) gonostylus elongate, gradually increasing in width to

bluntly rounded apex; (89) retrorse membranous

lobe very short, bulbous; (90) volsella with weakly

developed lateral lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS.—Six of the seven known L.

orphnaeum females were collected in early August. The other female and the one known male

were taken in late June.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Holotype and seven

paratypes (7$, 16).

MEXICO. PUEBLA: Apulco (N of Zacapoaxtla), 19 Jun

1961, 4700 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (1$, holotype;

KU); Chautapehual (N of Zacapoaxtla), 19 Jun 1961, 5300

ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (16; KU).

VERACRUZ: Jalapa, 1-6 Aug 1961, R. & K. Dreisbach (69;

MSUEL).

31. Lasioglossum pacificum (Cockerell)

FIGURES 12, 44, 554-568

Halictus pacificus Cockerell, 1898c:50-51 [female, misidentified male, key].—Vachal, 1904:472 [female].—Crawford, 1906:301 [locality record].

Lasioglossum pacificum.—Michener, 1951:1107 [Nearctic

catalog].—Linsley and MacSwain, 1959:22 [flight records, association with Ranunculus].—Moldenke and Neff,

1974:54 [locality and flower records].—Hurd, 1979:1957

[Nearctic catalog].

TYPE MATERIAL.—In his original description

of Halictus pacificus, Cockerell did not designate

a holotype. The lectotype female, designated

herein, is labeled

HOLOTYPE [on red label/Olympia [Thurston County],

Washington]/6 [June] 24 [18]95 [handwritten in pencil]/

H.[alictus] pacificus. Ckll. [Cockerell] n. sp. [new species]

[handwritten by Cockerell/LECTOTYPE Halictus pacificus

Cockerell designated by] McGinley [on red label].

The specimen, deposited in the California

Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, has many
198 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

body hairs soiled or matted but otherwise is in

good condition.

Cockerell mentions that the male of H. pacificus has the "apical portion of clypeus yellow" and

the "hind tibiae at both ends, and all the tarsi,

yellow," which is clearly a misassociation, as both

the clypeus and tarsi of L. pacificum are never

yellow. The male that Cockerell describes is possibly that of L. titusi, which was described by

Crawford, four years later in 1902.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 554).—Lasioglossum pacificum is presently known from the extreme

southwestern corner of British Columbia, including Vancouver Island and south through the

coastal and subcoastal areas of Oregon, Washington, and California to Santa Barbara County.

DIAGNOSIS.—The strongly and regularly

striate propodeal dorsal surface (Figure 559) will

distinguish Lasioglossum pacificum from other

Lasioglossum species except L. leucozonium, L.

zonulum, L. sisymbrii, and L. timberlakei. Lasioglossum leucozonium and L. zonulum differ in having relatively longer heads (Figures 492, 555,

734) and in having a conspicuously short propodeal dorsal surface, which is only slightly longer

than the metanotum (Figures 496, 738; propodeal surface much longer than the metanotum in

L. pacificum and most other species). Of the two

species, only L. zonulum occurs sympatrically with

L. pacificum and is further differentiated by its

sharply pointed lateral pronotal angles (Figure

141; pronotal angles broadly obtuse in L. pacificum). The unique first tergal basal hair band

(Figure 132) and the pale, translucent tegulae

will differentiate L. sisymbrii. Lasioglossum olympiae is very similar but can be distinguished by

its sharply truncated posterior propodeal margin

(Figure 536; slightly bowed posteriad in L. pacificum, Figure 559), slightly different head shape

(Figure 532 vs. Figure 555) and the smooth,

relatively polished area immediately dorso-anteriad of the middle coxa (Figure 146; area striolate

and dull in L. pacificum, Figure 147). The most

similar species to L. pacificum is L. timberlakei

(especially the dark form), which can be differentiated by its weak, obscure mesoscutal puncFIGURE 554.—Distribution of Lasioglossum pacificum (circle),

L. timberlakei light form (triangle), and L. timberlakei dark

form (square).

tation (Figure 622 vs. Figure 560) and the short,

dense pubescence along the posterolateral margin of the mesoscutum (hairs elongate in L. pacificum).

The presence of elongate hair tufts on the

lateral edges of sternum V (Figure 561) will

differentiate the males of L. pacificum from those

of other Lasioglossum species except L. sisymbrii

and L. timberlakei. These species also share the

lack of a clypeal maculation and have the dorsal

propodeal surface strongly striate to rugose. Lasioglossum sisymbrii males have a basal white hair

band on tergum I as in Figure 132 (absent in L.

pacificum) and pale, translucent tegulae (dark
NUMBER 429 199

FIGURES 555-560.—Lasioglossum pacificutn: 555, female head; 556, male head; 557, female

labrum; 558, male labrum; 559, female propodeum; 560, female mesoscutum.
200 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

brown in L. pacificum). Lasioglossum pacificum

males differ from those of L. timberlakei in having

well-developed mesoscutal punctation (punctures

sparse and obscurely developed in the latter two

species). Furthermore, the vestiture of sternum

V of both species differs slightly as illustrated in

Figures 561, 562.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 8.4-

10.8 mm (x = 9.7, n= 15); (2) wing length 2.4-

2.8 mm (x = 2.7, n = 15); (3) abdominal width

2.8-3.4 mm (x = 3.2, n = 15).

Structure: (4) Head short (Figure 555;

length/width ratio 0.79-0.89, x = 0.85, n = 15).

(7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded. (8) weakly

protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.70 of its length below lower margin of

eyes; (10) surface without median longitudinal

sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral ocelli

subequal to distance between lateral ocellus and

eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 subequal in length to 2

along dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure 557;

(27) distal keel narrow in frontal view, lateral

edges slightly bowed; (28) distal lateral projections virtually absent, evident as obscure swellings; (29) fimbrial setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle broadly obtuse; (33)

pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, broadly interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge inconspicuous, broadly

rounded. (35) Mesoscutal lip rounded, not bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from pronotum.

(40) Dorsal surface of propodeum about 0.65 the

length of scutellum and subequal to metanotum

in length, (41) not depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin truncated (slightly bowed posteriad); (43) propodeal triangle weakly defined laterally; (44) lateral carinae completely encircling

posterior surface. (45) Tibial spur as in Figure

44.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II very

weakly sinuate, posterior two-thirds shallowly

concave.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely punctate below ocelli, punctures contiguous, becoming larger and less dense near antennae. (51)

Supraclypeal area extremely granulate; (52)

punctures separated by their width laterally,

slightly less dense centrally. (53) Clypeus granulate basally and medially to apex, apicolateral

areas polished; (54) punctures obscure, separated

by less than their width basally, becoming well

defined and less dense apically. (56) Mesoscutum

shiny; (57) punctation as in Figure 560, punctures 1-2 times their width apart laterally and

anteriorly, 2-4 times their width apart centrally.

(58) Scutellum with conspicuous impunctate

areas adjacent to median line. (63) Dorsal surface

of propodeum (Figure 559) strongly and completely striate to porcate, striae evenly spaced

with very few obscure transverse rugulae; (64)

surface smooth, not alveolated. (65) Metasomal

tergum I shiny; (66) punctation extremely fine,

sparse posteriorly, punctures 2-3 times their

width apart, punctures scattered anteriorly with

large impunctate areas.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane nearly hyaline, very lightly pigmented.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head golden.

(75) Pubescence of thorax golden; (76) mesoscutal hairs moderately dense, very conspicuously

plumose. (77) Hind tibial hairs concolorous,

golden. (78) Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum

I and (79) basal hair bands of terga II-IV yellowish white. (80) Acarinarium absent, elongate

hairs scattered over anterior surface of tergum

I. (81) Unlike other species, basal hair band of

tergum II interrupted medially.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 7.3-9.0 mm (x = 8.0, n = 15); (2) wing

length 2.1-2.4 mm (x = 2.3, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 2.0-2.6 mm (x = 2.3, n = 15). (4)

Head as in Figure 556 (length/width ratio 0.83-

0.92, x = 0.87, n = 15). (5) Gena subequal to

eye in width, (6) rounded, not produced posteriorly. (10) Clypeal surface broadly rounded, not

flattened or depressed. Labrum as in Figure 558;

(24) distal process very weakly developed,

broadly rounded; (25) basal area rounded medially, not depressed; (26) basal lateral depressions

absent. (30) Mandible very short, not reaching

opposing clypeal angle. (53) Clypeus weakly

granulate, shiny; (54) punctation nearly uniform
NUMBER 429 201

562

FIGURES 561, 562.—Male sternal vestiture: 561, L. pacificum; 562, L. timberlakei.

throughout, punctures separated by 1-2 times

their width. (68) Clypeal maculation absent. (69)

Flagellum entirely dark to pale yellowish orange

ventrally and contrasting with dark dorsum. (72)

Tarsi dark, concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 561;

(82) hairs on sternum IV short, adpressed, with

noticeable hair fringe on posterior sternal edge;

(83) sternum V with rounded hair fringe on

posterior sternal edge, hairs becoming elongate

laterally, forming conspicuous lateral tufts.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

567; (85) sternum VIII without median process,

distal edge of disc sharply truncated. Genitalia as

in Figures 563-566; (86) gonobase moderately

elongate; (87) gonostylus moderately elongate,

robust, bluntly rounded; (89) retrorse membranous lobe extremely reduced, slender; (90) volsella with weakly developed lateral flange but

lacking prominent lateral lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 568).—Lasioglossum

pacificum females have been collected from February to late November, with most records from

late May and June. Male records range from late

June to early October, with a southwestern peak

in early August and a northwestern peak in early

September.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Females (41): Ranunculaceae 15%; Cruciferae 12.5%; Compositae

12.5%; Scrophulariaceae 12.5%; Umbelliferae

12.5%. Males (7): Compositae 88%; Convolvulaceae 12%. Total: 48 in 14 families, 22 genera

as follows:

Achillea 19, 56; Anaphalis 1$, 2(M; Angelica 29; Brassica 59;

Chrysanthemum 19; Cichorium 19; Cicuta 19; Convolvulus \6;

Cornus 19; *Heracleum 2(1)9; Iris 19; Myosotis 19; *Orthocarpus 4(4)9; Poa 19; *Potentilla 1(1)9; * Ranunculus 6(1)9; *Rhododendron 4(4)9; Rubus 19; *Salix 4(1)9; Scrophularia 19;

Stellaria 19; Taraxacum 19.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—663 (541$, 122<5).

CANADA. BRITISH COLUMBIA: Agassiz, Miracle Beach

(near Oyster river), Mission City, Nanaimo Biology Station,

Royal Oak, Saanich, Sooke, Vancouver, Victoria, Wellington.

UNITED STATES. CALIFORNIA: Alameda Co.; Contra

Costa Co.: Fish Ranch Road, Orinda (4 mi NW), Walnut

Creek; Humboldt Co.; Marin Co.; Mendocino Co.; Monterey Co.;

San Benito Co.: Prunedale, 8 mi N; San Francisco Co.; San

Luis Obispo Co.: Cambria, Grover City, Ocean, 3 mi S; San

Mateo Co.; Santa Barbara Co.: Goleta, Jalama Beach, Santa

Ynez River (Highway 101); Santa Clara Co.: San Jose, Palo

Alto; Santa Cruz Co.; Sonoma Co.: Mesa Grande, Pitkin

Marsh, Plantation (4 mi W), Valley Ford, 2 mi SE; Trinity

Co.: Weaverville, 47 mi W. OREGON: Benton Co.: Corvallis;

Clackamas Co.: Oswego; Clatsop Co.: Olney; Columbia Co.: St.

Helens-Scappoose: Curry Co.: Brookings, Pistol River; Doug-
202 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

567

FIGURES 563-567.—Lasioglossum pacificum, male:

563, genitalia, ventral view; 564, same, dorsal view;

565, same, lateral view; 566, gonostylus; 567, sterna

VII-VIII.
NUMBER 429 203

30

10

30

10

FMAMJ J ASON D

FIGURE 568.—Lasioglossum pacificum flight records.

las Co.: Roseburg (7 mi NW), Winchester Ray; Jackson Co.:

Butte Falls (10 mi SE), Griffin Creek; Lane Co.: Eugene;

Lincoln Co.; Multnomah Co.: Portland; Polk Co.: Monmouth;

Wasco Co.: The Dalles; Washington Co.: Forest Grove; Yamhill

Co.: Sheridan. WASHINGTON: Clark Co.: Vancouver; Island

Co.: Coupeville; King Co.: Northbend, Seattle; Kitsap Co.:

Illahee, Seabeck; Pacific Co.; Pierce Co.: Fort Lewis, Pleasant

Valley; Thurston Co.: Olympia.

32. Lasioglossum pallicorne (Vachal)

FIGURES 45, 569-581

Halictus pallicornis Vachal, 1904:477 [male].—Cockerell,

1905a:90[key].

Lasioglossum pallicorne.—Moure and Hurd, 1986:63 [cataJog]-

TYPE MATERIAL.—The male holotype, deposited in the Paris Museum (MNHNP), is labeled

Mexico t.f./MUSEUM PARIS COLL. O.SICHEL 1867/

HOLOTYPE [handwritten on red label]/H.[alictus]<5 pallicornis Vach.[al] handwritten by Vachal?]/Halictus pallicornis

Vach. [recent label].

The specimen is in good condition except for

missing the last 10 flagellomeres of the left antenna and having the body hairs soiled. However,

the diagnostic hair pattern of sternum V (Figure

576) is clearly visible.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 569).—The known distribution of L. pallicorne is similar to that of L.

transvorsum in being limited to a small area

around Mexico City from Michoacan to Veracruz. The species is presently known from 16

females and 34 males.

DIAGNOSIS.—The structure of the metasomal

acarinarium (Figure 578) makes the females of

L. pallicorne among the most distinctive of New

World Lasioglossum. The acarinarium is a heartshaped, bilateral depression enclosed laterally by

a thick canopy of fringe hairs. The area immediately posteriad of the acarinarium is conspicuously hairless (this bald area is also noticeable in

the males). The acarinaria of all other mitecarrying Lasioglossum are never heart-shaped and

have only lateral hair fringes that never form a

canopy enclosing the acarinarial surface. Other

characters helpful in recognizing females of L.

pallicorne are the well-developed, elevated posterior rim of the relatively elongate propodeal

dorsal surface (Figure 574), the complete pronotal lateral ridge (Figure 577), and the short

head (Figure 570).

Males of L. pallicorne are unique in having

conspicuously elongate and curled hairs on the

extreme lateral edges of sternum V (Figure 576).

Like the females the pronotal lateral ridge is

complete and there is an extensive hairless area

across the anterior surface of the first metasomal

tergum. The propodeal dorsal surface is elongate

but usually lacks the elevated posterior rim that

is found in the females.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 6.8-8.7

mm (x = 7.8, n = 12); (2) wing length 2.1-2.4

mm (x = 2.3, n = 12); (3) abdominal width 2.2-

2.8 mm (x = 2.5, n = 12).

Structure: (4) Head short (Figure 570);

length/width ratio 0.78-0.96, x = 0.87, n = 12.

(7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8) moderately protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.76 of its length below lower margin of eyes; (11) surface without median longi-
204 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

L_ 1

1 '

100

200

1 1

I ' M300

1

1

|

1

500

400 MILES

1

KILOMETERS

FIGURE 569.—Distribution of Lasioglossum pallicorne (circle) and L. parkeri (triangle).

tudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral

ocelli subequal to distance between lateral ocellus

and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 subequal to 2 in

length along dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure

572; (27) distal keel broad in frontal view, somewhat spoon-shaped, with conspicuous basal median groove; (28) distal lateral projections well

developed, triangular; (29) fimbrial setae acutely

pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle broadly obtuse; (33)

pronotal lateral ridge complete, slightly notched

by oblique lateral sulcus but not distinctly interrupted; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge sharply

edged near oblique sulcus, becoming narrowly

rounded ventrally. (35) Mesoscutal lip weakly

bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of propodeum very

elongate, about 0.95 the length of scutellum and

about 1.7 times the length of metanotum, (41)

depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin

rounded; (43) propodeal triangle well defined

medially by a sharply edged V-shaped elevation

with conspicuous lateral rims, becoming faint

towards metanotum; (44) lateral carinae extending at most one-third the length of posterior

surface. (45) Tibial spur as in Figure 45.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II only

faintly sinuate, virtually straight.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely and

uniformly punctate between ocelli and antennae,

punctures contiguous. (51) Supraclypeal area extremely granulate; (52) punctation extremely

sparse with few, scattered punctures. (53)

Clypeus strongly granulate basally, apical twothirds moderately polished; (54) punctures obscure basally, separated by their width over apical

half. (56) Mesoscutum shiny; (57) punctation as

in Figure 575, punctures dense laterally and

anteriorly, punctures separated by less than their

width, becoming less dense centrally, punctures

separated by 1 -2 times their width. (58) Scutellar

punctation nearly uniform, only slightly less

punctate adjacent to median line with punctures

1-2 times their width apart. (63) Dorsal surface

of propodeum (Figure 574) mostly smooth centrally, basal one-third, lateral areas and posterior

edge ruguloso-striolate; (64) surface extensively

alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I moderately
NUMBER 429 205

FIGURES 570-575.—Lasioglossum pallicorne: 570, female head; 571, male head; 572, female

labrum; 573, male labrum; 574, female propodeum; 575, female mesoscutum.
206 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

shiny; (66) punctation fine, extremely dense,

punctures nearly contiguous; surface impunctate

and noticeably granulate posteriad to acarinarial

hair fringes.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane pale yellowish brown.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head pale yellowish brown. (75) Pubescence of thorax yellowish brown; (76) mesoscutal hairs moderately

dense and plumose. (77) Hind tibial hair color

weakly differentiated, most hairs pale yellowish

brown, dorsal hairs light brown. (78) Anterior

hairs of metasomal tergum I pale yellowish

brown, (79) basal hair bands of terga II-IV

white. (80) Acarinarium present (Figures 162,

578), unlike other species a bilaterally depressed,

heart-shaped, glabrous area, surrounded and enclosed laterally by elongate fringe hairs; dorsal

opening of acarinarium extremely narrow, at

most 0.25 the width of lateral hair fringe; with

conspicuous hairless area posteriad to fringe

hairs.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 6.2-7.9 mm (x = 2.0, n = 15); (2) wing

length 1.7-2.3 mm (x = 2.0, n = 15), (3) abdominal width 1.7-2.1 (x = 1.9, n = 15). (4) Head as

in Figure 571 (length/width ratio 0.86-0.95, x

= 0.90, n = 15). (5) Gena slightly wider than eye;

(6) moderately produced posteriorly. (10)

Clypeal surface shallowly depressed ventrally.

Labrum as in Figure 573; (24) distal process

weakly developed, rounded; (25) basal area moderately depressed medially; (26) basal lateral

depressions conspicuously developed. (30) Mandible short, just reaching opposing clypeal angle.

(53) Clypeus polished; (54) punctures well

formed, nearly contiguous basally, larger and

scattered over apical two-thirds. (68) Clypeal

maculation present. (69) Flagellum entirely dark

or only slightly paler ventrally than on dorsum.

(72) Tarsi dark, concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 576;

(82) hairs on sternum IV moderately elongate

medially, directed laterally from midline, gradually becoming elongate on lateral edge of sternum; (83) vestiture of sternum V similar to that

FIGURE 576.—Lasioglossum pallicorne, male sternal vestiture.

of sternum IV but with two to five conspicuously

elongate and curled hairs on posterolateral sternal edge.

Terminalia: (85) Sternum VIII with moderately elongate, slender median process, rounded

apically. Genitalia as in Figures 579-581; (86)

gonobase elongate; (87) gonostylus elongate, expanding to conspicuous bulbous apex; (89) retrorse membranous lobe extremely slender; (90)

volsella with prominent lateral lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS.—Lasioglossum pallicorne females have been collected from late June through

August. Most male records are from May, with

additional records from June and July. Little can

be said of L. pallicorne flight activity, because of

the limited number of specimens currently available for study.

FLOWER RECORDS.—One female from the

state of Mexico taken on Heterotheca chrysopsidis

and another female from Puebla taken on Heterotheca sp.

MITE ASSOCIATES.—As described in the diagnosis and description (character 80), the acarinarium of the L. pallicorne female is the most
NUMBER 429 207

FIGURES 577-581.—Lasioglossum pallicorne: 577, female pronotum, lateral view; 578, Female

acarinarium at base of tergum I; 579, male genitalia, ventral view; 580, same, lateral view; 581,

same, dorsal view.

elaborate of all known Lasioglossum species (Figure 578). Of the examined females, 81.2% had

hypopodes in their acarinarium. Although the

sample is limited at present, an unusually high

number of the males (60.6%) carried mites. Unlike all other Lasioglossum species, mites on L.

pallicorne males form conspicuously dense, shingled rows and are found exclusively on the genae.

The regularity of positioning on the males, the

relatively high number of males carrying hypopodes, and the conspicuous development of the

female acarinarium suggest a very close association between L. pallicorne and its phoretic mites.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—49 (16$, 33<5).

MEXICO. DISTRITO FEDERAL: Tlalpam, 21 Jul 1947,

Helmuthand Wagner (1<5; UMMZ); Topilego, 16 May 1959,

9000 ft, H.E. Evans (226; CU); Xochimilco, 22 Jul 1947,

Helmuth and Wagner (26; UMMZ), 18 Aug 1962, 8000 ft,

H.E. Milliron (1$; CNC). HIDALGO: Tulancingo, 6 mi E, 24

Aug 1962, 6900 ft, Ordway and Roberts (1$; KU); Zacatlan,

23.6 mi NW, 22 Aug 1962, 6650 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex.

Exped. (19; KU); Zimapan, 8 mi NE, 28 Jul 1954, 4600 ft,

J.G. Chillcott (1$; CNC). MEXICO: Mexicaltcingo, 5Jul 1961,

8450 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (19; KU); Texcoco, II

mi W, 20 Jun 1962, D.H. Janzen (19; CU); Toluca, 20 mi

E, 31 Jul 1954, 8900 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (19; KU),

15.5 mi E, 6 Jul 1961, 9500 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped.

(19; ld\ KU), 9 mi E, 23 Jun 1963, 9600 ft, Scullen and

Bolinger (76; OrS). MICHOACAN. Hidalgo, 12 Jul 1963, F.D.

Parker, L.A. Stange(l9; UCD), 17 mi N, 29 Jul 1962, Univ.
208 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Kansas Mex. Exped. (1$; KU), near Zirosto, 23 Jun 1947,

T.H. Hubbell, (19; UMMZ); Tancitaro, 27 Jul 1940, 6000

ft, H. Hoogstraal (1$; AMNH). PUEBLA: Texmelucan, 14 mi

W, 14 Jul 1953, 8600 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (19;

KU); Zacatlan, 6 mi NW, 22 Aug 1962, 8000 ft, Ordway

and Roberts (19; KU). VERACRUZ: Las Vigas, 14-15 Jul

1974, 2070 m, J.A. Chemsak, E.G. Linsley, J. Powell (19;

UCB), Perote, 2 km NE, 14 Jul 1974, J.A. Chemsak, E.G.

Linsley, J. Powell (19; UCB).

33. Lasioglossum parkeri, new species

FIGURES 569, 582

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype of L.

parkeri is deposited in the University of California at Davis and is labeled

10 mi. east Zitacuaro Mich.[oacan] MEX.[ico] III [Mar] 26

1962/F.D. Parker L.A. Stange Collectors/HOLOTYPE

Lasioglossum parkeri R.J. McGinley [red label].

When received, the abdomen was loosely attached to the thorax and is now contained in a

micro-vial pinned with the specimen (gluing the

abdomen may have obscured details of the diagnostic acarinarium). The specimen is otherwise

in excellent condition.

ETYMOLOGY.—This species is named after

F.D. Parker (Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory and Utah State University), who along

with L.A. Stange (Florida State Collection of

Arthropods, Gainesville) collected the unique female holotype.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 569).—This species is

presently known only from the type-locality: 10

miles east of Zitacuaro, Michoacan (on the border of the state of Mexico).

DIAGNOSIS.—The female of this species can be

recognized by its distinctive acarinarium (at the

base of abdominal tergum I), which is a concave,

circular, glabrous surface completely surrounded

by erect fringe hairs (Figure 582). The only other

New World Lasioglossum with an acarinarium

completely surrounded by fringe hairs is L. coriaceum, a species from the eastern United States.

The fringe hairs of L. coriaceum are adpressed,

not erect (Figure 72). Lasioglossum parkeri appears to be related to the Mexican L. pallicorne

as evidenced by the unusual dorsal propodeal

B t i

FIGURE 582.—Lasioglossum parkeri, female acarinarium at

base of tergum I.

surface that is surrounded by conspicuously elevated lateral rims (as in Figure 574). Like L.

pallicorne, the propodeal dorsal surface is smooth

(conspicuously alveolated) over its posterior half,

the head is short (similar to Figure 570), and the

mesoscutal punctation is dense but not quite

granuloso-punctate (as in Figure 575). Lasioglossum pallicorne is easily differentiated from L.

parkeri by its bilaterally depressed, heart-shaped

acarinarium (Figure 578).

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 8.8 mm

(n = 1); (2) wing length 2.5 mm; (3) abdominal

width 2.7 mm.

Structure: (4) Head short (similar to that of

L. pallicorne, Figure 570); length/width ratio

0.83. (7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8)

moderately protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting

approximately 0.67 of its length below lower

margin of eyes; (11) surface without median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral

ocelli slightly shorter than distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 subequal to 2 in length along dorsal surface. Labrum

similar to that of L. pallicorne (Figure 572)

but (27) distal keel not so broad, basal median

groove not so conspicuous, (28) distal lateral

projections small, triangular; (29) fimbrial setae

acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle broadly obtuse; (33)

pronotal lateral ridge appearing complete, only
NUMBER 429 209

slightly notched by oblique lateral sulcus but not

distinctly interrupted; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge sharply edged. (35) Mesoscutal lip

weakly bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from

pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of propodeum

very elongate, about 0.92 the length of scutellum

and about 1.6 times the length of metanotum,

(41) depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin

rounded; (43) propodeal triangle well defined

medially by a sharply edged V-shaped elevation

with conspicuous lateral rims, becoming faint

towards metanotum; (44) lateral carinae extending at most one-third the length of posterior

surface. (45) Tibial spur similar to that of L.

pallicorne (Figure 45).

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II only

faintly sinuate, virtually straight.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely and

uniformly punctate between ocelli and antennae,

punctures contiguous. (51) Supraclypeal area

moderately granulate; (52) punctation extremely

sparse with few, scattered punctures. (53)

Clypeus moderately granulate basally, apical twothirds moderately polished; (54) punctures obscure basally, separated by their width over apical

half. (56) Mesoscutum shiny; (57) punctation similar to that in Figure 575, punctures dense, nearly

contiguous laterally and anteriorly, punctures becoming slightly less dense centrally, punctures

separated by their width or slightly less. (58)

Scutellum largely impunctate centrally. (63) Dorsal surface of propodeum similar to that of L.

pallicorne (Figure 574), ruguloso-striolate on

basal half, smooth on posterior half; (64) surface

extensively alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I

moderately shiny; (66) punctation fine, extremely dense, punctures nearly contiguous; surface nearly glabrous posteriad to acarinarial hair

fringes (Figure 582).

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane pale yellowish brown.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head pale yellowish brown. (75) Pubescence of thorax yellowish brown; (76) mesoscutal hairs moderately

dense and plumose. (77) Hind tibial hair color

differentiated, most hairs on dorsal surface

brown, hairs yellowish brown on ventral and

lateral surfaces. (78) Anterior hairs of metasomal

tergum I pale yellowish brown, (79) basal hair

bands of terga II-IV yellowish white. (80) Acarinarium present (Figure 582), a concave, circular, glabrous area, completely surrounded by

erect fringe hairs; area posteriad of acarinarium

conspicuously hairless.

MITE ASSOCIATES.—The one female available

for study had her acarinarium partially filled with

histiostomatid hypopodes.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—One holotype female, Zitacuaro, 10 mi E, Michoacan, Mexico,

26 Mar 1962, F.D. Parker and L.A. Stange

(UCD).

34. Lasioglossum pavonotum (Cockerell)

FIGURES 47, 583-597

Halictus pavonotus Cockerell, 1925:188 [female, male].

Lasioglossum pavonotum.—Michener, 1951:1107 [Nearctic

catalog].—Moldenke and Neff, 1974:55 [locality and

flower records].—Hurd, 1979:1957 [Nearctic catalog].

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype of

Halictus pavonotus is in the California Academy

of Sciences, San Francisco. It is in excellent condition and is labeled

San Francisco California] III-[March] 30-1913/EC Van

Dyke Collectir [sic]/Halictus pavonotus Ckll. [Cockerell]

TYPE [handwritten by CockerellJ/California Academy of

Sciences Type No. 1650.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 583).—Lasioglossum pavonotum is known only from sandy habitats immediately along the Pacific coastline and sandbanks along the Sacramento River. It is presently

known only from Pacific County, Washington,

south to Orange County, California, including

San Miguel Island.

DIAGNOSIS.—Both sexes of Lasioglossum pavonotum are the only metallic blue-green bees of

this genus in the New World. All other Lasioglossum species in the New World are dark brown to

black, never metallic.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 7.3-9.1

mm (x = 8.2, n = 15); (2) wing length 1.9-2.8
210 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 583.—Distribution of Lasioglossum pavonotum.

mm (x = 2.2, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 2.2-

3.0 mm (x = 2.7, n = 15).

Structure: (4) Head elongate (Figure 584;

length/width ratio 0.84-0.96, x = 0.92, n = 15).

(7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8) moderately protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.93 of its length below lower margin of eyes; (11) surface without median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral

ocelli subequal to distance between lateral ocellus

and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 slightly longer than

2 along dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure 586;

(27) distal keel narrow in frontal view, nearly

parallel-sided; (28) distal lateral projections well

developed, rounded; (29) fimbrial setae acutely

pointed; unlike other species, basal elevation of

labrum not developed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle narrowly obtuse;

(33) pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, broadly

interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower

portion of lateral ridge inconspicuous, broadly

rounded. (35) Mesoscutal lip weakly bilobed, (36)

moderately elevated from pronotum. (40) Dorsal

surface of propodeum about 0.75 the length of

scutellum and about 1.2 times the length of

metanotum, (41) slightly depressed centrally,

(42) posterior margin broadly rounded; (43) propodeal triangle weakly defined laterally, evident

medially as a conspicuous, sharply edged Vshaped elevation with lateral rims, fading towards metanotum; (44) lateral carinae extending

to or slightly beyond midpoint of posterior surface. (45) Tibial spur as in Figure 47.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

broadly rounded with posterior half somewhat

truncated.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely punctate below ocelli, punctures contiguous, becoming only slightly larger and less dense near antennae. (51) Supraclypeal area extremely granulate;

(52) punctures separated by their width laterally,

becoming less dense centrally. (53) Clypeus granulate basally, apical half weakly granulate, somewhat polished; (54) punctures obscure, becoming

very sparse apically. (56) Mesoscutum shiny; (57)

punctation as in Figure 589, punctation uniform,

contiguous, becoming granuloso-punctate anteriorly. (58) Scutellum nearly uniformly punctate,

punctures less dense than those of mesoscutum,

separated by their width or slightly less. (63)

Dorsal surface of propodeum (Figure 588) striolate to ruguloso-striolate laterally, becoming rugulose medially, striae and rugulae reaching posterior margin only laterally; (64) surface alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I shiny, granulate;

(66) punctation extremely fine, obscure, moderately sparse posteriorly, punctures 1-2 times

their width apart, surface impunctate centrally

and anteriorly (forming weakly developed acarinarium, see species discussion).

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane hyaline.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head white. (75)

Pubescence of thorax white; (76) mesoscutal

hairs moderately dense, conspicuously plumose.

(77) Hind tibial hair color very weakly differentiated, hairs mostly white, dorsal hairs light
NUMBER 429 211

FIGURES 584-589.—Lasioglossum pavonotum: 584, female head; 585, male head; 586, female

labrum; 587, male labrum; 588, female propodeum; 589, female mesoscutum.
212

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

brown. (78) Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum

I and (79) basal hair bands of terga II-IV white.

(80) Acarinarium not obviously developed (mites

attach to impunctate median area of tergum I,

base of tergum I with scattered elongate hairs as

in non-mite-carrying species, Figure 591); metasoma highly unique in having lateral patches of

adpressed, short, white hairs at anterior edges of

tergum I (similar to basal hair band of L. sisymbrii

but interrupted), apical edges of metasomal terga

with short white hair fringe; basal hair bands of

terga II-IV weakly defined, that of tergum IV

nearly covering entire surface.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 6.7-8.4 mm (x = 7.4, n = 15); (2) wing

length 1.7-2.2 mm (x = 1.9, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 1.6-2.1 mm (x = 1.9, n = 15). (4)

Head as in Figure 585 (length/width ratio 0.86-

0.95, x = 0.91, n = 15). (5) Gena subequal to

eye in width, (6) rounded, not produced posteriorly. (10) Clypeal surface with conspicuous median depression on ventral half. Labrum as in

Figure 587; (24) distal process very weakly developed, rounded; (25) basal area rounded medially, not depressed; (26) basal lateral depressions absent. (30) Mandible very short, not quite

reaching opposing clypeal angle. (53) Clypeus

polished; (54) punctation nearly uniform

throughout, punctures slightly less dense apically

and on apical median depression. (68) Clypeal

maculation absent. (69) Flagellum slightly paler

on venter than on dark dorsum. (72) Tarsi dark,

concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 590;

(82) hairs on sternum IV adpressed, elongate,

curling inward towards midline; (83) hairs on

sternum V similar to those on sternum V but

with median rosette of short hairs.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

596; (85) sternum VIII without median process.

Genitalia as in Figures 592-595; (86) gonobase

moderately short; (87) gonostylus enormous,

subequal in size to retrorse membranous lobe;

(89) retrorse membranous lobe moderately slender, conspicuously hairy; (90) volsella with

broadly rounded lateral lobe.

=*£,

FIGURE 590.—Lasioglossum pavonotum, male sternal vestiture.

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 597).—Lasioglossum

pavonotum females have been collected from February to early November, with records from

California peaking in April, whereas those from

Oregon and Washington peak in early June. Male

records peak in August but range from early

March through October.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Females (65): Compositae 49%; Polygonaceae 18%; Leguminose 15%;

Papaveraceae 9%. Males (21): Compositae 67%;

Aizoaceae 14%; Hydrophyllaceae 14%. Total:

86 in six families, 13 genera as follows:

Achillea 2?; *Agoseris 5(3)?; Baccharis 1<J; Eriogonum 12?;

*Escholtzia 6(2)?, 16; Grindelia 4?, 13<5; *Hypochoeris 4(3)?;

Layia 4?; *Lupinus 9(1)?; Malacothrix 13 ?; Meliotus 1?;

Mesembryanthemum 1?, 3<5; Phacelia 4?, 3<J.

MITE ASSOCIATES.—The acarinarium of female L. pavonotum is very weakly developed,

represented only by a glabrous median area of

the anterior surface of metasomal tergum I (Figure 591). Only 10.4% of the females and 5.3%

males examined in this study carried mites.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—845 (6199, 226(5).

UNITED STATES. CALIFORNIA: Contra Costa Co.: including Antioch; Del Norte Co.: Cresent City; Humboldt Co.;

Los Angeles Co.; Marin Co.; Mendocino Co.; Monterey Co.;

Orange Co.: Newport Beach; San Francisco Co.; San Luis

Obispo Co.; San Mateo Co.; Santa Clara Co.: Saratoga; Santa

Cruz Co.: Ano Nuevo State Beach, Davenport; Santa Barbara
NUMBER 429 213

596

FIGURES 591—596.—Lasioglossum pavonotum: 591, weakly developed acarinarium at base of

female tergum I; 592, male genitalia, ventral view; 593, same, dorsal view; 594, same, lateral

view; 595, male gonostylus; 596, male sterna VII-VIII.
214 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

70 -

50

30

10 -

FMAM J JASO N

FIGURE 597.—Lasioglossum pavonotum flight records.

Co.: including San Miguel Island and Santa Rosa Island;

Sonoma Co.: Bodega Bay, Dillon Beach, Stillwater Cove;

Ventura Co.: Oxnard, Point Mugu Naval Air Station, Ventura. OREGON: COOS CO.: Bandon; Curry Co.: Gold Beach;

Lane Co.: Florence, Westlake; Lincoln Co.: Newport, Pacific

City, Waldport, Yachats; Tillamook Co.: Sand Lake, Tierra

del Mar, 3 mi N. WASHINGTON: Gray's Harbor Co.: Copalis;

Pacific Co.: Nahcotta, Ocean Park.

35. Lasioglossum perscabrum, new species

FIGURES 48, 300, 598, 599

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype and

two paratypes are deposited in the Snow Museum, University of Kansas. The holotype is labeled

MEXICO San Luis Potosi, 17 mi. E. Cd.[Ciudad del] Maiz,

3200 '[feet] 23 July 1962 U.[niversity] Kans.[as] Mex.[ican]

Exped.[ition]/LASIOGLOSSUM determined by] G.C.

Fickwort/HOLOTYPE Lasioglossum perscabrum R.J.

McGinley [red label].

The holotype is in excellent condition.

599

FIGURES 598, 599.—Lasioglossum perscabrum, female: 598,

labrum; 599, propodeum.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet is derived

from the Latin per (very) plus scabrum (rough), a

reference to the strongly reticulate dorsal propodeal surface (appearing scabrous through light

microscope) that differentiates this species from

all other known New World Lasioglossum.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 300).—Lasioglossum

perscabrum is known from only three females

collected in 1954 and 1962 in the vicinity of

Ciudad del Maiz, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

DIAGNOSIS.—The entirely reticulate dorsal

propodeal surface (Figure 599) will distinguish

L. perscabrum from all other known Mexican

Lasioglossum (the propodeal surface of L. orphnaeum is highly sculptured but is striate, not
NUMBER 429 215

reticulate, Figure 547). Like L. citerius and L.

orphnaeum and no other Mexican Lasioglossum

species, the mesoscutal punctation is coarse,

nearly contiguous and becomes scabrous anteriorly (similar to Figure 548) and the pronotal

lateral angle is a sharply projecting right angle.

Lasioglossum perscabrum can further be differentiated from L. citerius and L. orphnaeum in that

the latter two species have dark brown mesoscutal hairs (at most light brown in L. perscabrum).

Other characters helpful in recognizing L. perscabrum, also shared with L. citerius and L. orphnaeum, are the short head (similar to Figure 545)

and the absence of a metasomal acarinarium.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 8.4-8.9

mm (x = 8.6, n = 3); (2) wing length 2.2-2.4

mm (x = 2.3, n = 3); (3) abdominal width 2.9-

3.0 mm (x = 2.9, n = 3).

Structure: (4) Head short (similar to Figure

548; length/width ratio 0.81-0.83, x = 0.82, n

= 3). (7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8)

moderately protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting

approximately 0.67 of its length below lower

margin of eyes; (11) surface without median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral

ocelli subequal to distance between lateral ocellus

and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 slightly shorter than

2 along dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure 598;

(27) distal keel moderately broad in frontal view,

slightly widest basally; (28) distal lateral projections extremely well developed, conspicuously

elongated and prong-like; (29) fimbrial setae

acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle forming sharply

projecting right angle; (33) pronotal lateral ridge

nearly complete, obscurely interrupted by

oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge inconspicuous, broadly rounded. (35)

Mesoscutal lip very weakly bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of propodeum elongate, about 0.94 the

length of scutellum and about 1.5 times the

length of metanotum, (41) not depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin sharply truncated;

(43) propodeal triangle well defined by circular

carina; (44) lateral carinae encircling posterior

surface, interrupted dorsally by V-shaped elevation. (45) Tibial spur as in Figure 48.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II very

weakly sinuate, nearly straight.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely punctate below ocelli, punctures contiguous, becoming larger and less dense near antennae. (51)

Supraclypeal area moderately granulate; (52)

punctures separated by their width or less laterally, becoming impunctate centrally. (53)

Clypeus granulate basally, apical two-thirds polished; (54) punctures separated by less than their

width basally, less dense apically. (56) Meoscutum

moderately shiny; (57) punctation as in Figure

548, punctures moderately coarse, dense and

contiguous throughout, surface scabrous along

anterior edge. (58) Scutellum nearly uniformly

punctate, punctures at most separated by their

width. (63) Dorsal surface of propodeum (Figure

599) strongly reticulate; (64) surface smooth, not

alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I moderately

shiny; (66) punctation fine, dense, punctures

slightly less than their width apart.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane pale yellowish brown.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head white. (75)

Pubescence of thorax mostly white to yellowish

white, hairs on mesoscutum and scutellum

brown; (76) mesoscutal hairs moderately dense

and plumose. (77) Hind tibial hairs concolorous,

brown. (78) Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum

I white, (79) basal hair bands of terga II-IV

yellowish white. (80) Acarinarium absent, elongate hairs scattered over anterior surface of tergum I.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—3$.

MEXICO. SAN LUIS POTOSI: Ciudad del Maiz, 5 mi E, 22

Aug 1954. 4700 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (19; KU), 1

mi E, 23 Jul 1962, 3200 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (29,

^includes holotype; KU).

36. Lasioglossum pharum (Vachal)

FIGURES 49, 600-604

Halictus pharus Vachal, 1904:475 [female; compared to

Lasioglossum circinatum].—Cockerel!, 1905a:90 [key].
216

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 600.—Distribution of Lasioglossum pharum.

Lasioglossum pharum.—Moure and Hurd, 1986:63 [catalog]-

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype, in

excellent condition, is in the Paris Museum

(MNHNP) and is labeled

Museum Paris, Mexique, Salle 1859/25, 59 [handwritten on

circular label with green back]/Holotype [handwritten, red

label]/pharus Vach.[al] 9 [handwrittenJ/Halictus pharus

Vach[al] [handwritten].

No paratypes were designated.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 600).—Lasioglossum

pharum is found at high elevations in central

Mexico. Nearly all of the 52 known specimens

are associated with elevation data that ranges

from 5800-8800 feet.

DIAGNOSIS.—Lasioglossum pharum females can

be recognized by their conspicuously doublypunctate mesoscutum (Figure 604), smooth dorsal propodeal surface (Figure 603), elongate head

(Figure 601, length/width ratio 0.90-0.97, x =

0.93), and lack of a metasomal acarinarium. The

similar L. circinatum has a mesoscutum that is

only obscurely doubly-punctate, appearing completely granuloso-punctate under the light microscope (Figure 335) and a dull, granulate clypeal

surface (polished, shiny in L. pharum). The only

other New World Lasioglossum having the above

diagnostic character combination is L. tropidonotum, which is readily distinguished by its median

longitudinal mesoscutal keel (Figure 174) and

the adpressed, short pubescence that entirely

covers metasomal terga IV-V. Lasioglossum bajaense and L. uyacicola are superficially similar to

L. pharum but both have metasomal acarinaria.

The male of L. pharum is not known.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 9.2-

10.3 mm (x = 9.7, n = 9); (2) wing length 2.6-

3.1 mm (x = 2.9, n = 9); (3) abdominal width

3.2-3.5 mm (x = 3.3, n = 9).
NUMBER 429 217

FIGURES 601-604.—Lasioglossum pharum, female: 601, head; 602, labrum; 603, propodeum;

604, mesoscutum.

Structure: (4) Head elongate (Figure 601;

length/width ratio 0.90-0.97, x = 0.93, n = 9).

(7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8) moderately protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.80 of its length below lower margin of eyes; (11) surface without median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral

ocelli slightly exceeded by distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 subequal to 2 in length along dorsal surface. Labrum

as in Figure 602; (27) distal keel moderately

narrow, nearly parallel-sided; (28) distal lateralprojections small, somewhat conical; (28) most

fimbrial setae bluntly rounded apically.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle narrowly obtuse;

(33) pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, conspicuously interrupted by well-developed oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge

sharply edged near oblique sulcus, becoming

rounded ventrally. (35) Mesoscutal lip very

weakly bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from

pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of propodeum

about 0.67 the length of scutellum and about 1.3

times the length of metanotum, (41) not depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin broadly

rounded; (43) propodeal triangle not defined

except for inconspicuous median V-shaped elevation without lateral rims; (44) lateral carinae
218 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

extending about two-thirds the length of posterior surface. (45) Tibial spur as in Figure 49.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II very

weakly sinuate, nearly straight.

Sculpture: (47) Face dull, granulate, (48) doubly-punctate, smaller punctures dense, separated

by less than their width, larger punctures separated by 1-2 times their width. (51) Supraclypeal

area obscurely granulate, moderately polished

centrally; (52) punctures separated by their width

or less laterally, becoming impunctate centrally.

(53) Clypeus mostly polished, basal one-third

very obscurely granulate; (54) punctures separated by less than their width basally, separated

by their width on apical one-third. (56) Mesoscutum moderately dull; (57) punctation as in

Figure 604, conspicuously doubly-punctate,

smaller punctures separated by less than their

width, becoming slightly less dense centrally,

larger punctures separated by 3-5 times their

width. (58) Scutellar punctation very sparse, obscurely doubly-punctate, smaller punctures separated by 2-3 times their width adjacent to median line, larger punctures scattered. (63) Dorsal

surface of propodeum (Figure 603) nearly entirely smooth, weakly striolate laterally with very

weak median striae confined to basal one-third;

(64) surface extensively alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I moderately shiny; (66) punctation

fine, dense, punctures slightly less than their

width apart.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane hyaline.

Vestiture: (72) Unlike most species, hairs between vertex and antennae conspicuously simple,

weakly recurved, contrasting with plumose hairs

near antennae; (73) pubescence of head white.

(75) Pubescence of thorax white; (76) mesoscutal

hairs moderately dense and plumose. (77) Hind

tibial hair color differentiated, hairs mostly

white, dorsal hairs dark brown basally, becoming

very light brown at midpoint of tibia. (78) Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum I and (79) basal

hair bands of terga II-IV white. (80) Acarinarium absent, elongate hairs scattered over anterior surface of tergum I.

FLIGHT RECORDS.—Most L. pharum females

have been collected in August, but records range

from late June through September and two more

from December.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Ipomea 1$; Ludwigia 1$;

Penstemon 1$.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—51$.

MEXICO. AGUASCALIENTE: Aguascaliente, 1 Dec 1909,

F.C. Bishopp (1$; USNM). DURANGO: Encino, 27 Jul 1947,

6200 ft, Gertsch (1$; AMNH). GUANAJUATO: Leon, 13 mi

SE, 19 Jul 1954, 6000 ft, CD. Michener & party (4$; KU).

HIDALGO: Baranca de San Vicente, 9 Aug 1957, 7000 ft,

R.M. Straw, D.P. Gregory (1$; OrS); Pachuca, 25 Aug 1962,

8750 ft, Ordway & Marston (39; KU); Tizayuca, 13.5 mi

NE, 28 Aug 1962, 7700 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (19;

KU); Tulancingo, 4-6 mi E, 24 Aug 1962, 6900-7100 ft,

Ordway, Roberts, Marston (229; KU), 7 mi S, 26 Aug 1962,

7500 ft, Naumann & Roberts (19; KU). JALISCO: Lagos de

Moreno, 5.6 mi NE, 27 Jul 1962, 5800 ft, Univ. Kansas

Mex. Exped. (19; KU). MEXICO: Toluca, 4 mi E, 17 Aug

1951, 8400 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (39; KU), 22 mi

N, 17 Aug 1954, 8800 ft, J.G. Chillcott (19; CNC); Villa, 7

km E, 14 Jul 1965, H.E. Evans (19; MCZ). MICHOACAN:

Morelia, 10 mi N, 28 Jul 1962, 5900 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex.

Exped. (29;KU); Patzcuaro Lake, 21 Sep 1957, 6800 ft,

H.A. Scullen (19; OrS); Zitacuaro, 11 mi NW, 30 Jul 1962,

Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (19; KU). PUEBLA: Huauchinango, 17 Jun 1951, P.D. Hurd (19; UCB), 8 mi W, 23 Aug

1962, 6450 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (19; KU); Tehuacan, 40 mi E, 27 Jul 1964, H.V. Daly (29; CAS). TLAXCALA:

Apizaco, 8 mi WNW, 18 Jun 1961, 8200 ft, Univ. Kansas

Mex. Exped. (19; KU). VERACRUZ: Orizaba, 10 mi W, 31

Dec 1940, G.E. Bohart (19; CAS). ZACATECAS: Villa Nueva,

21 mi S, 12 Sep 1966, D. Breedlove (19; CU).

37. Lasioglossum rupticristum, new species

FIGURES 50, 485, 605

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype of L.

rupticristum is deposited in the Cornell University

Collection. The specimen is in excellent condition and is labeled

ARIZ.[ona] Cochise Co. Chiricahua Mts. Onion Saddle,

7600' 12 Aug. 1972 G. & K. Eickwort/HOLOTYPE

Lasioglossum rupticristum R.J. McGinley.

Twenty female paratypes listed in the "Specimens Examined" section are designated.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species epithet comes

from the Latin ruptura (fracture, break) plus

crista (ridge) and alludes to the broken pronotal
NUMBER 429 219

lateral carina, which differentiates this species

from the very similar L. heterorhinum and L.

lampronotum, which have a complete carina.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 485).—Lasioglossum

rupticristum is known from only 21 females that

have been collected from Arizona, Colorado, and

New Mexico.

DIAGNOSIS.—The short head (similar to Figure 458), granuloso-punctate anterior third of

the mesoscutum (as in Figure 463), and absence

of an acarinarium will distinguish L. rupticristum

from all other New World Lasioglossum except

L. heterorhinum. The pronotal lateral carina of

the latter species is complete, whereas that of L.

rupticristum is interrupted by an oblique lateral

sulcus. Lasioglossum lampronotum is also similar

to L. rupticristum but has a shiny mesoscutum

with distinct anterior punctures and a complete

pronotal lateral carina. Most specimens of L.

rupticristum (including the holotype) are unusual

in having yellowish orange pubescence (as opposed to white or yellowish brown) and faint

metallic tints on the mesoscutum (not visible in

all specimens). See L. heterorhinum "Diagnosis"

for further details.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 8.0-8.8

mm (x = 8.3, n = 15); (2) wing length 2.3-2.5

mm (x = 2.4, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 2.4-

3.0 mm (x = 2.8, n = 15).

Structure: (4) Head short (similar to Figure

458; length/width ratio 0.83-0.92, x = 0.87, n

= 15). (7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8)

weakly protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.65 of its length below lower margin of eyes; (11) surface with obscure median

longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral ocelli subequal to distance between lateral

ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 slightly

shorter than 2 along dorsal surface. Labrum as

in Figure 605; (27) distal keel broad in frontal

view, spoon-shaped; (28) distal lateral projections

somewhat weakly developed, rounded; (29) fimbrial setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle broadly obtuse; (33)

pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, interrupted by

oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of latFIGURE 605.—Lasioglossum rupticristum, female labrum.

eral ridge narrowly rounded. (35) Mesoscutal lip

weakly bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from

pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of propodeum

about 0.81 the length of scutellum and about 1.2

times the length of metanotum, (41) slightly depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin broadly

rounded; (43) propodeal triangle weakly defined,

evident medially as a very low V-shaped elevation

with inconspicuous lateral rims, fading towards

metanotum; (44) lateral carinae extending at

most to midpoint of posterior surface. (45) Tibial

spur as in Figure 50.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

weakly sinuate.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely and

uniformly punctate between ocelli and antennae,

punctures contiguous. (51) Supraclypeal area extremely granulate; (52) punctures separated by

their width laterally, becoming sparse centrally,

punctures separated by 3-4 times their width.

(53) Clypeus mostly polished, obscurely granulate along basal edge; (54) punctation nearly uniform, punctures separated by their width or

slightly less. (56) Mesoscutum shiny; (57) punctation as in Figure 463, punctures contiguous

laterally, becoming granuloso-punctate anteriorly, less dense centrally, punctures separated

by 1-2 times their width. (58) Scutellum sparsely
220 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

punctate adjacent to median line, punctures 2-3

times their width apart. (63) Dorsal surface of

propodeum rugulose (similar to Figure 462); (64)

surface obscurely alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I moderately shiny; (66) punctation fine,

extremely dense, punctures nearly contiguous.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane hyaline.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head white. (75)

Pubescence of thorax white; (76) mesoscutal

hairs moderately dense and plumose. (77) Hind

tibial hairs concolorous, very pale yellowish

brown. (78) Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum

I and (79) basal hair bands of terga II-IV white.

(80) Acarinarium absent, elongate hairs scattered

over anterior surface of tergum I.

FLIGHT RECORDS.—Lasioglossum rupticristum

females have been collected from early May

through October.

FLOWER RECORDS.—One female taken from

Cirsium, and one from Heliopsis (both records

from the Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County,

Arizona.

REMARKS.—Fourteen males from Arizona

that may be conspecific with L. rupticristum females have been labeled

Lasioglossum sp. nr [near] desertum (male rupticristum ?)

det. R.J. McGinley.

They are housed in the following collections:

AMNH, CAS, CU, LACM, OrS, UAT. Their

heads appear to be slightly longer than those of

L. desertum and the hair fringe at the posterior

edge of sternum V is much more conspicuous

(similar to that of L. argutum, Figure 268). Because of the extreme uncertainty of this association these specimens are not formally treated

here.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—219.

UNITED STATES. ARIZONA: Cochise Co.: Chiricahua

Mountains, 28 Sep 1960, 8000 ft, G.E. Bohart (1?; USU);

Portal, 9 mi W, 3 Jun 1959, L.A. Stange (19; UCD); Onion

Saddle (Chiricahua Mts.), 12 Aug 1972, 7600 ft, G. & K.

Eickwort (2$, includes holotype; CU); Rustler Park (Chiricahua Mts.), 26 Aug 1958, P.D. Hurd (19; UCB), 23-26

Aug 1959. 8500 ft, H.E. Evans, E.G. Linsley (29; UCB, CU),

14 May 1972, C.W. O'Brien (19; FSCA). Coconino Co.:

Flagstaff. 20 mi SW, 18 Sep 1966, R.S. Beal (19; NAU).

Navajo Co.: unspecified locality, 21 Jun 1957, G. Butler, F.

Werner (19; UAT). Pima Co.: Santa Catalina Mountains, 14

Aug 1952, G. Bohart, G. Butler (19; USU), 25 Jul 1954, G.

Butler (19; UAT), 14-25 Aug 1954, G. Bohart, G. Butler

(39; UAT), 9 Oct 1954, G. Butler (19; UAT), 18 Jul 1955,

G.D. Butler, F.G. Werner (19; UAT). COLORADO: Custer

Co.: Florence, 36 mi S (Davenport Camp), 29 Jun 1967,

8500 ft, F., P. & M. Rindge (39; AMNH). NEW MEXICO:

Colfax Co.: unspecified locality, 21 Aug 1927, R.H. Beamer

(19; KU).

38. Lasioglossum sandrae, new species

FIGURES 51, 395, 606

TYPE MATERIAL.—The holotype female is the

property of the California Insect Survey, University of California, Berkeley, but is on loan deposit

to the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. The specimen in excellent condition and is

labeled

10.2 mi. W. Pueb.[la]-Ver.[acruz] boundary, Hwy [highway]

150, Pueb.[la] Mexico VII [Jul]-5, 1962/D.H. Janzen Collector/[green unlabeled paper point]/n.g. [new genus] det.

G.C. Eickwort/HOLOTYPE Lasioglossum sandrae R.J.

McGinley [red label].

The two female paratypes are in the collections

of Cornell University and the University of California, Berkeley.

ETYMOLOGY.—This species is named in honor

of Sandra Shanks (formerly of the Smithsonian

Institution), who provided invaluable technical

assistance and thoughtful discussion throughout

the course of this project.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 395).—Lasioglossum

sandrae is known from only three females collected in the vicinity of Tehuacan in the Mexican

state of Puebla.

DIAGNOSIS.—Females of L. sandrae can immediately be recognized by the short, adpressed,

pale pubescence that entirely covers the mesoscutal disc. See the L. eickworti diagnosis for further details.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 9.8-

11.1 mm (x = 10.4, n = 3); (2) wing length 3.0-

3.2 mm (x = 3.1, n = 3); (3) abdominal width

3.2-3.4 mm (x = 3.3, n = 3).

Structure: (4) Head moderately short (similar
NUMBER 429 221

to Figure 396; length/width ratio 0.90-0.98, x

= 0.93, n = 3). (7) Supraclypeal area evenly

rounded ventrally, somewhat narrowly rounded

dorsally near well-developed frontal carina, (8)

area protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.75 of its length below lower margin of

eyes; (11) surface without median longitudinal

sulcation, broadly rounded dorsally but, unlike

other species, with distinct semicircular depressed area along ventral edge. (14) Distance

between lateral ocelli exceeded by distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere

1 slightly shorter than 2 along dorsal surface.

Labrum as in Figure 606; (27) distal keel broad

in frontal view, somewhat spoon-shaped; (28)

distal lateral projections well developed, triangular; (29) fimbrial setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle forming sharply

pointed right angle; (33) pronotal lateral ridge

incomplete, very narrowly interrupted by

oblique lateral sulcus; (34) upper portion of lateral ridge strongly carinate, lower portion narrowly rounded. (35) Mesoscutal lip very weakly

bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of propodeum about

0.68 the length of scutellum and about 1.3 times

FIGURE 606.—Lasioglossum sandrae, female labrum.

the length of metanotum, (41) not depressed

centrally, (42) posterior margin rounded; (43)

propodeal triangle moderately well defined by

low median V-shaped elevation and sharp-edged

lateral rims, fading towards metanotum; (44) lateral carinae extending approximately two-thirds

the length of posterior surface. (45) Tibial spur

as in Figure 51.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

broadly convex anteriorly, straight posteriorly

(similar to that of L. eickworti).

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely and

uniformly punctate between ocelli and antennae,

punctures contiguous. (51) Supraclypeal area extremely granulate; (52) punctures separated by

1-2 times their width laterally, becoming impunctate centrally. (53) Clypeus mostly polished,

granulate along basal edge; (54) punctures obscure, separated by 2-3 times their width. (56)

Mesoscutum moderately shiny; (57) punctures

fine, extremely dense and contiguous throughout. (58) Scutellum uniformly punctate, punctures fine, nearly contiguous. (63) Dorsal surface

of propodeum striolate laterally, basal half of

median area ruguloso-striolate, posterior half

smooth with obscure striae; (64) surface alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I moderately dull;

(66) punctation fine, extremely dense, punctures

nearly contiguous over most of dorsal surface,

posterior rim granuloso-punctate.

Coloration: (71) Posterior two-thirds of wing

membrane mostly hyaline, anterior one-third infuscated.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head mostly

pale yellowish brown, brown near antennae; unlike other species, hairs on vertex and gena very

short, dense, somewhat adpressed. (75) Pubescence of thorax pale yellowish brown to dark

brown; (76) unlike other species, mesoscutal and

scutellar hairs very short, dense, adpressed, obscuring surface. (77) Hind tibial hairs virtually

concolorous, dark brown with small apical patch

of white hairs on dorsal surface. (78) Anterior

hairs of metasomal tergum I yellowish brown,

(79) basal hair bands of terga II—IV yellowish

white to pale yellowish brown. (80) Acarinarium
222 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

absent, anterior surface of tergum I with short,

adpressed hairs (less conspicuous than those of

L. eickworti) surrounded laterally by elongate

hairs. (81) Unlike most species, basal hair bands

of terga II—III weakly defined with short, adpressed hairs covering most of tergal surface;

terga IV-V entirely covered by adpressed hairs.

FLIGHT RECORDS.—One female was collected

in late June, the other two were taken in early

July.

REMARKS.—L. sandrae, L. eickworti, and L. katyae probably comprise a natural group that possibly deserves subgeneric ranking. See "Remarks" section for L. eickworti.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—39.

MEXICO. PUEBLA: Puebla-Veracruz boundary, 10.2 mi

W (Highway 150), 5 Jul 1962, D.H. Janzen (2$, includes

holotype; CAS, UCB): Tehuacan, 23 Jun 1951, H.E. Evans

(19; CU).

39. Lasioglossum sisymbrii (Cockerell)

FIGURES 52, 132,607-618

Halictus sisymbrii Cockerell, 1895:63 [female]; 1897:168

[male]; 1898a:46 [key]; 1898c:50 [key].—Crawford,

1906:297, 299, 300 [key, locality records].—Cockerell,

1906:294 [locality records]; 1907:241 [key]; 1908:119

[locality, floral records]; 1941:344 [locality and floral records, taxonomic notes].

Halictus sisimbrii.—Cockerell, 1897:165 [lapsus calami].

Halictus olympyiae var. subangustus Cockerell, 1898b:51.

[New synonymy.]

Halictus olympiae var. subangustatus.—Crawford, 1906:301

[error for subangustus].

Lasioglossum olympiae var. subangustus.—Michener, 1951:

1107 [Nearctic catalog; emendation].—Hurd, 1979:1957

[Nearctic catalog].

Lasioglossum sisymbrii.—Michener, 1951:1107 [Nearctic catalog].—Linsley, 1962:159 [sleeping behavior.]—Linsley

et al., 1963:18 [floral, locality records].—Moldenke and

Neff, 1974:55 [locality and flower records].—Alcock and

Gamboa, 1975:163 [predator].—Hurd and Linsley,

1975:28, tables 2. 9, 11. 13 [floral records].—Kumar et

al., 1976:48 [locality record].—Stockhouse and Wells,

1978:127 [floral records].—Hurd, 1979:1958 [Nearctic

catalog].—Hurd et al., 1980:27, 66.—Evans, 1982:573

[predator, Philanthus barbatus Smith].

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female lectotype,

herein designated, is labeled

Ckll [Cockerell] 2752 on Sisymbrium [handwritten by Cockerels/Type No. 3390 U.S.N.M. [red label]/H.[alictus] sisymbrii n. sp. [handwritten by Cockerell]/LECTOTYPE Halictus sisymbrii Cockerell designated by] McGinley [red

label].

Cockerell's only reference to the type series in

the original description is

Hab.[itat] College Farm, Las Cruces, N.M., April 16 1895;

one swept from Sisymbrium canescens (Ckll. 2572).

The difference in Cockerell's numbers (2752

and 2572) is here taken to be the result of a

typographical error. The one known paralectotype is labeled

Las Cruces NM [New Mexico]/Ckll. [Cockerell] 2878 on

Melilotus [handwritten by Cockerell]/CoType No. 3390

U.S.N.M. [red label]/H.[alictus] sisymbrii [handwritten by

Cockerell]/PARALECTOTYPE Halictus sisymbrii Cockerell designated by] McGinley [yellow label].

The lectotype has the basal hair band of metasomal tergum I nearly worn off and the paralectotype is missing the middle right leg, otherwise both are in excellent condition. They are in

the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution.

The female holotype of Halictus olympyiae var.

subangustus is in the National Museum of Natural

History, Smithsonian Institution, and is labeled

Olympia, Washington]/? Type No. 12037 U.S.N.M. [red

label]/H.[alictus] olympiae v.[ariety] subangustus Ckll.

[Cockerell] TYPE, [handwritten by Cockerell].

The specimen is missing the last nine flagellomeres of the left antenna, and the basal hair

band of metasomal tergum I is very worn, with

only the lateral edges remaining. The worn hair

band undoubtedly was the reason why Cockerell

misidentified this specimen and thought it related to Lasioglossum olympiae. The original description of H. subangustus unfortunately included the typographical error of olympyiae for

olympiae.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 607).—Lasioglossum sisymbrii is the most common and most widespread

Lasioglossum species west of the 100th meridian.

It is found from southern Canada south to central Mexico (20° north latitude) and has been
NUMBER 429 223

FIGURE 607.—Distribution of Lasioglossum sisymbrii.

collected in all western, southwestern, and Rocky

Mountain states. Two females were collected as

far east as Baton Rouge, Louisiana sometime in

the late 1800s (specimens labeled "Through C.V.

Riley" in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution). Recent easternmost records are from central and southern

Texas.

DIAGNOSIS.—The presence of a complete

basal hair band on metasomal tergum I (Figure

132) will distinguish both sexes of Lasioglossum

sisymbrii from all other New World Lasioglossum

species. Lasioglossum pavonotum has widely interrupted, inconspicuous basal hair patches on tergum I but is a highly distinctive metallic greenish

blue bee, which cannot be confused with L. sisymbrii. The unique pale, translucent tegulae will

identify the few L. sisymbrii specimens in which

the basal hair band on tergum I has been worn

or matted.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 7.9-9.4

mm (x = 8.5, n = 15); (2) wing length 2.2-2.5

mm (x = 2.3, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 2.5-

3.2 mm (x = 2.8, n = 15).

Structure: (4) Head moderately short (Figure

608; length/width ratio 0.79-0.96, x = 0.86, n

= 15). (7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8)

moderately protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting

approximately 0.75 of its length below lower

margin of eyes; (11) surface without median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral

ocelli slightly exceeding distance between lateral

ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 subequal in

length to 2 along dorsal surface. Labrum as in

Figure 610; (27) distal keel broad in frontal view,

slightly spoon-shaped; (28) distal lateral projections very weakly developed, broadly rounded;

(29) fimbrial setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle broadly obtuse; (33)

pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, interrupted by

oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge inconspicuous, broadly rounded. (35)

Mesoscutal lip rounded, not bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of propodeum about 0.75 the length of

scutellum and about 1.4 times the length of

metanotum, (41) not depressed centrally, (42)

posterior margin nearly truncate (bowing slightly

posteriad); (43) propodeal triangle weakly defined laterally; (44) lateral carinae completely

encircling posterior surface. (45) Tibial spur as

in Figure 52.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

weakly sinuate.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely punctate below ocelli, punctures contiguous, becoming larger and less dense near antennae. (51)

Supraclypeal area moderately granulate; (52)

punctures separated by their width laterally, becoming only slightly less dense centrally. (53)
224 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 608-613.—Lasioglossum sisymbrii: 608, female head; 609 male head; 610, female

labrum; 611, male labrum; 612, female propodeum; 613, female mesoscutum.
NUMBER 429 225

Clypeus obscurely granulate basally and medially

to apex, highly polished apicolaterally; (54) punctures separated by less than their width basally

and medially, apicolateral areas impunctate. (56)

Mesoscutum shiny; (57) punctation as in Figure

613, punctation nearly uniform, dense, punctures separated by their width or less, slightly less

dense centrally. (58) Scutellum nearly uniformly

punctate, punctures slightly less dense adjacent

to median line, separated by 1-2 times their

width. (63) Dorsal surface of propodeum (Figure

612) strongly and completely striate with obscure

transverse rugae to strongly reticulate; (64) surface smooth, not alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I shiny; (66) punctation fine, moderately

dense, punctures separated by their width or

slightly less.

Coloration: (70) Unlike other species, tegulae

pale yellowish to translucent. (71) Wing membrane hyaline.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head white. (75)

Pubescence of thorax mostly white, yellowish

white along edges of mesoscutum and on scutellum and metanotum; (76) mesoscutal hairs moderately dense, conspicuously plumose; as in L.

timberlakei, mesoscutal hairs along lateroposterior edge short, adpressed (adpressed hairs also

along anterior edge). (77) Hind tibial hairs nearly

concolorous, most hairs white, narrow band of

dorsal hairs very light brown. (78) Anterior hairs

of metasomal tergum I and (79) basal hair bands

of terga II-IV white. (80) Acarinarium absent,

elongate hairs scattered over anterior surface of

tergum I. (81) Unlike other species, tergum I

with complete basal hair band, narrowed medially.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 6.9-9.1 mm (x = 7.5, n = 15); (2) wing

length 1.9-2.4 mm (x = 2.1, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 2.0-2.5 mm (x = 2.2, n = 15). (4)

Head as in Figure 609 (length/width ratio 0.81-

0.91, x = 0.86, n = 15). (5) Gena subequal to

eye in width, (6) rounded, not produced posteriorly. (10) Clypeal surface rounded, not depressed or flattened. (23) Unlike other species,

length of flagellomere 1 less than half the length

of flagellomere 2 (ratio 1:2 approximately 0.45).

Labrum as in Figure 611; (24) distal process

virtually absent; (25) basal area rounded medially, not depressed; (26) basal lateral depressions

absent. (30) Mandible very short, not reaching

opposing clypeal angle. (53) Clypeus weakly

granulate, shiny; (54) punctation nearly uniform

throughout, punctures separated by 1-2 times

their width. (68) Clypeal maculation absent. (69)

Flagellum entirely dark. (72) Tarsi dark, concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: (82) Hairs on sternum IV short,

suberect, without noticeable pattern; (83) posterior edge of sternum V with well-developed hair

fringe, hairs becoming longer laterally, forming

elongate lateral hair tufts similar to those of L.

pacificum (Figure 561; hair fringe margin not so

rounded as that of L. pacificum).

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

617; (85) median process of sternum VIII virtually absent, extremely short, rounded. Genitalia as in Figures 614-616; (86) gonobase moderately elongate; (87) gonostylus short, robust,

narrowly rounded apically; (89) retrorse membranous lobe slightly reduced, very slender basally, gradually broadening to rounded apex; (90)

volsella with moderately protruding flange but

lacking prominent rounded lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 618).—Females of

L. sisymbrii have been collected in every month

from January through November (the January,

October, and November records are all from

Arizona and California). In the southwestern region females have been commonly collected in

late March-early April and then again in late

June-early July. Females in the northwestern

region have been commonly collected only in

June. Males have been collected from late March

through November, with a definite peak in early

July.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Label data strongly suggest that Lasioglossum sisymbrii is broadly polylectic. Hurd, LaBerge, and Linsley (1980) reported

this species as being a "casual polylege" ofHelianthus. Females have been collected from the flowers of Compositae, Cruciferae, and Leguminosae
226 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 614-617.—Lasioglossum sisymbrii, male: 614, genitalia, ventral view; 615, same, dorsal

view; 616, volsella; 617, sterna VII-VIII.

in nearly equal proportions. Females with pollen

loads have been taken from the flowers of 25

families. This is not meant to imply that all 25

families were actual pollen sources; however, this

high number of families is suggestive of polylecty.

Summary: Females (953): Compositae 17%;

Cruciferae 16%; Leguminosae 15%; Salicaceae

9%. Males (212): Compositae 43%; Leguminosae

23%. Total: 1165 in 49 families, 151 genera as

follows:

Achillea 19, 3<5; * Ac tinea 3(2)9, 26; Adenostemma 29; Agave

Id; *Agoseris 2(2)9; Allium 19; *Amorpha 19(19)9, 1(5; Amsinckia 19; Arctium 5(5; Arctostaphylos 29, 1(5; *Arenaria 1(1)9;

*Argemone 12(2)9; Arnica 19; Artemesia 29, 46; Aster 16;

* Astragalus 1(1)9; Baccharis 69, 8(5; Baeria 19; *Baileya

13(3)9; Barbarea 29; *Berberis 20(18)9; *Brassica 18(7)9;

Broadiaea 19; *Calochortus 8(1)9, 1<3; Calycoseris 19; Camelina

69; *Cardaria 26(12)9; Carthamus 29, 16(5; *Ceanothus 4(3)9,

2(5; Cercidium 29, 16; Cercis 29; *Chaenactis 5(2)9; Chamaebatia 19; Chilopsis 19; Chysothamnus 189, 17(5; Cirsmwi 19, 1(5;

Citrus 29; *Clarkia 2(1)9; *Ckoro* 13(9)9, 26; Condalia 1(5;

*Convolvulus 4(1)9; Coreopsis 89; Cornws 1(5; Crataegus 19,

2(5; Cryptantha 169; Curcurbita 19; Dasylirion 16; Daucus 1(5;

Descurainia 69, 1(5; Dimorphocarpa 19; Ehretia 19; *Encelia

12(1)9; *Eriodictyon 13(9)9, 6<5; *Eriogonum 23(1)9, 17<5;

*Eriophyllum 3(3)9, 1(5; *£ry«mum 3(2)9; *Eschscholtzia

37(7)9; Euphorbia 39; *Fallugia 1(1)9, Id; *G*ra<ra 8(3)9;
500

400

300

200

100

J FMAM J J ASON D

FIGURE 618.—Lasioglossum sisymbrii flight records.

Geranium 3d; *Gilia 6(1)9, 1<5; Gossypium 19, 1<J; Grindelia

Id; *Guarea 1(1)9; Gutierrezia 69, 1(5; Haplopappus 29; Helenium 39, 5d; *Helianthus 6(2)9, 1<J; Hemizonia 29, Id;

Heracleum 19; Hesperochiron 19; Heterotheca 29; Hibiscus 19;

*Hymenothrix 2( 1 )9; *Hymenoxys 12( 10)9, 17<S; //#*« 79; */m

2(2)9, 2d; /sato 19, Isomeris 19; Juniperus 19; *Kallstroemia

1(1)9; Lantana 19; *Larrea 28(9)9; Lajta 19; *Lepidium

18(3)9; *Lesquerella 35(9)9; Limnanthes 19, 2<5; Lindheimera

Id; Linum 29; Lomatium 19; LO/MJ 69; *Lupinus 6(2)9; Lycium

109; Machaeranthera 19; *Malacothrix 3(1)9; Malvastrum 39;

*Marrubium 3(1)9; Medicago 269, 14d; *Melilotus 20(3)9,

24d; Mentzelia 39; Mesembryanthemum 19; Monardella 19;

Mortonia Id; Nasturtium 29; Nemophila 39; M>/ina Id; O<?noffora 79; *Opuntia 3(2)9, Id; *Oryzopsis 3(1)9; />a«mia 29;

Parkinsonia 39; *Penstemon 24(10)9; Petalostemum 49; *PAa-

«/ia 43(13)9; Physaria 19; P/ucA^a 19, Id; Poliomintha 59,

lOd; Polygonum 19; Potentilla 59, Id; *Prosopis 10(4)9, 3d;

Trunuj 7(3)9, Id; Psoralea 19; Pyrrhopappus 19; * Ranunculus 2(1)9; Rhamnus 19, 2d; /Mu* 49, 6d; fliftw 19; fl<«a 19;

227

*Sa/ix 97(24)9, Id; 5a/io/a Id; So/via 39; Sapindus 19; *S«-

Mtio 4(1)9, 5d; *Sisymbrium 12(4)9; Solanum 89, Id; Solidago

19; So/>Aia 1?; *Sphaeralcea 35(8)9; *Stanleya 14(4)9;

*Tamarix 42(2)9, Id; ^Taraxacum 16(9)9; Tetradymia 19;

*Tragopogon 1(1)9; Trichostema 19; Trifolium 49, Id; V«rft«-

ina Id; Veronica 19; Vina 1(1)9, 2d; Vigui*ra 29; Kucca 29.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—4940 (33979,

1543<5).

CANADA. ALBERTA: Onefour. BRITISH COLUMBIA:

Bowser, Fitzgerald, Lillooet, Lorna, Lytton, Merritt, Nanaimo Biological Station, Osoyoos, Penticton, Qualicum

Bay, Royal Oak, Saanich, Sidney, Thompson River, Vernon,

Victoria. SASKATCHEWAN: Eastend.

MEXICO. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Ensenada, El Progreso

(Head of El Tajo Canyon, Sierra Juarez Mts.), Manadero

Valley, Palacio (20 mi S), Rosarito Beach, San Felipe (50 mi

N), San Pedro Martin, Tecate, 8 mi E. CHIHUAHUA: Arroyo

Mesteno (Sierra del Nido), Chihuahua (35 mi NW), Hidalgo

del Parral (9 mi S), Primavera. COAHUILA: El Chora (16 km

S Saltillo), Torreon. DURANGO: Canutillo, Durango (10 mi

W, 14 mi NE, 125 mi SE), El Salto (26 mi E), Guadalupe

Victoria (14 mi NE), San Juan del Rio. HIDALGO: Zimapan,

20.4 mi SE. JALISCO: Lagos de Moreno (15.5-27 mi NE),

San Juan Lagos. NAYARIT: San Bias. NUEVO LEON: Monterrey, Saltillo, 41 mi S. QUERETARO: San Juan del Rio. SAN

LUIS POTOSI: San Luis Potosi, 29 mi SW. SONORA: Magdelena. ZACATECAS: Fresnillo (9 mi SE), San Jose de Felix (1

mi N), Sombrerete (15 km E), Zacatecas.

UNITED STATES. ARIZONA: Apache Co.; Cochise Co.;

Coconino Co.; Gila Co.; Graham Co.; Greenlee Co.; La Paz Co.;

Mohave Co.; Maricopa Co.; Navajo Co.; Pima Co.; Pinal Co.;

Santa Cruz Co.; Yavapai Co.; Yuma Co. CALIFORNIA: Alameda

Co.; Alpine Co.; Calaveras Co.; Contra Costa Co.; El Dorado

Co.; Fresno Co.; Imperial Co.; Inyo Co.; Kern Co.; Lassen Co.;

Los Angeles Co.; including Santa Catalina Island; Madera Co.;

Marin Co.; Mill Valley; Mariposa Co.; Mendocino Co.: Howard

Lake, 2 air mi N; Merced Co.: Yosemite National Park; Modoc

Co.; Mono Co.: White Mts; Monterey Co.; Napa Co.: Calistoga;

Nevada Co.; Orange Co.: Costa Mesa, Laguna Hills; Placer

Co.: Appelgate, Brockway; Plumas Co.: Greenville, Quincy,

4 mi W; Riverside Co.; Sacramento Co.: Folsom, 10—14 mi E;

San Benito Co.; San Bernardino Co.; San Diego Co.; San Francisco Co.; San Luis Obispo Co.: Santa Margarita, 15 mi E; San

Mateo Co.: Woodside; Santa Barbara Co.; Santa Clara Co.;

Santa Cruz Co.; Shasta Co.: Burney (5 mi E), mts. W of

Nieubieber; Sierra Co.: Sattley, Sierraville, 10 mi S; Siskiyou

Co.; Solano Co.: Putah Canyon; Stanislaus Co.: Del Puerto

Canyon (18 mi W Patterson), Turlock, 8 mi E; Turlare Co.;

Tuolumne Co.; Ventura Co., including Middle Anacapa Island;

Yolo Co.: Davis; Yuma Co.: Mohawk, 9.5 mi W.

COLORADO: Adams Co.; Alamosa Co.; Boulder Co.; Chaffee

Co.; Cos til I a Co.; Delta Co.; Denver Co.; Douglas Co.; Eagle Co.;

El Paso Co.; Fremont Co.; Garfield Co.; Grand Co.; Gunnison
228 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Co.; Huerfano Co.; Jefferson Co.; Larimer Co.; Las Animas Co.;

Mesa Co.; Moffat Co.; Montezuma Co.; Ouray Co.; Park Co.;

Pueblo Co.; Rio Blanco Co.; Routt Co.; Saguache Co.; Teller Co.;

Weld Co. IDAHO: Ada Co.: Nampa, 15 mi S; Bannock Co.:

Pocatello; Binghamm Co.: Blackfoot; Bonner Co.; Boundary

Co.; Bear Lake Co.: Bloomington Canyon; Cassia Co.; Custer

Co.; Elmore Co.: Dixie, 3 mi W; Franklin Co.; Fremont Co.: St.

Anthony Dunes; Gooding Co.: Bliss, 5 mi N; Idaho Co.:

Riggins; Kootenai Co.; Latah Co.; Lemhi Co.: North Fork, 3

mi N; Minidoka Co.: Rupert, 10 mi E; Nez Perce Co.; Oneida

Co.: Black Pine Mt., Rock Creek; Owyhee Co.; Teton Co.:

Tetonia, 7 mi W; Twin Falls Co.: Hollister; Washington Co.:

Miduale. LOUISIANA: Orleans Co.: New Orleans, "through

C.V. Riley" (2$; USNM). MONTANA: Broadwater Co.: Townsend, 14 mi E; Carbon Co.: Rosebud Canyon; Clark Co.:

Helena, 10 mi N; Fergus Co.: Big Snowie Mts.; Flathead Co.:

Flathead Lake; Gallatin Co.: Bozeman, 6-20 mi S; Granite

Co.: Clinton, 9 mi S; Madison Co.: Alder, 9 mi S; Missoula

Co.: Missoula.

NEW MEXICO: Bernalillo Co.; Catron Co.; Chaves Co.; Colfax

Co.; De Baca Co.; Dona Ana Co.; Eddy Co.; Grant Co.; Hildalgo

Co.; Lea Co.; Lincoln Co.; Los Alamos Co.; McKinely Co.; Mora

Co.; Otero Co.; Sandoval Co.; San Juan Co.; San Miguel Co.;

Santa Fe Co.; Socorro Co.; Taos Co.; Torrance Co.; Union Co.;

Valencia Co.: Laguna, 3 mi E. NEVADA: Churchill CO.: Frenchman (10 mi W), Stillwater (12 mi NE); Clark Co.; Douglas

Co.: Carson City; Elko Co.; Esmeralda Co.: Lida; Eureka Co.;

Humboldt Co.: Paradise Valley (18 mi N), Winnemucca (20

mi S); Lander Co.; Lincoln Co.; Mineral Co.: Luning; Nye Co.;

Washoe Co.; White Pine Co. OREGON: Baker Co.; Benton Co.;

Crook Co.: Canyon Creek Canyon; Deschutes Co.; Grant Co.:

Dayville, 14 mi W; Harney Co.; Hood River Co.: Hood River;

Jackson Co.: Colestin; Jefferson Co.; Josephine Co.: O'Brien;

Klamath Co.; Lake Co.; Linn Co.: Green Peter Lake, Lebanon;

Malheur Co.: Vale; Marion Co.: Salem; Polk Co.; Umatilla Co.:

Milton-Freewater; Union Co.: La Grande Union; Wallowa

Co.; Wasco Co.: Mosier, The Dalles; Washington Co.: Forest

Grove; Wheeler Co.: Fossil, 10 mi S.

SOUTH DAKOTA: Custer Co.: Custer State Park; Pennington

Co.: Keystone, 4 mi SE. TEXAS: Brewster Co.; Culberson Co.;

Dallam Co.: Dalhart; El Paso Co.; Hidalgo Co.: McAllen;

Hudspeth Co.: Dell City, 9 mi SW; Jeff Davis Co.; Jim Hogg

Co.: Hegronville, 33 mi SW; Lee Co.: unspecified locality;

Mason Co.: Mason, 10 mi N; Presidio Co.: Marfa (11 mi W),

Redford (20 mi SE); Randall Co.: near Palo Duro Canyon;

Reeves Co.: Balmorhea, Pecos, 16 mi S; Terrell Co.: Dryden,

10.7 mi S; Uvalde Co.: Uvalde; Val Verde Co.: Bakersfield,

Quemada; Ward Co.: Monahans; Webb Co.: Laredo, 2 mi N;

Zapata Co.: San Ygnacio. UTAH: Beaver Co.; Box Elder Co.;

Cache Co.; Davis Co.; Emery Co.; Garfield Co.; Iron Co.; Juab

Co.; Kane Co.; Millard Co.; Piute Co.: Circleville; Rich Co.;

Salt Lake Co.; Summit Co.; Tooele Co.; Uintah Co.; Utah Co.;

Washington Co.; Wayne Co.; Weber Co. WASHINGTON: Chelan

Co: Cashmere, Wenatchee; Clark Co.: Vancouver; Garfield

Co.: Pomeroy; King Co.: Seattle; Klickitat Co.: Klickitat; Okanogan Co.: Okanogan; San Juan Co.: Orcus Island, San Juan

Island; Skagit Co.: Anacortes, 5 mi S; Spokane Co.: Spokane;

Stevens Co.: Rice; Thurston Co.: Olympia; Walla Walla Co.:

Walla Walla; Whitman Co.; Yakima Co. WYOMING: Albany Co.;

Carbon Co.: Medicine Bow; Fremont Co.: Dubois, 13 mi SW;

Laramie Co.: Cheyenne, Pine Bluffs' Sheridan Co.: Sheridan;

Uinta Co.: Lyman, 20 mi E; Yellowstone National Park Co.:

Yellowstone National Park, south gate.

40. Lasioglossum timberlakei, new species

FIGURES 53, 554, 619-630

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype of L.

timberlakei is in the National Museum of Natural

History, Smithsonian Institution. The specimen

is in good condition and is labeled

Los Angeles Co.[unty], CAL.[ifornia]/HOLOTYPE Lasioglossum timberlakei R.J. McGinley [red label].

The holotype is what herein is referred to as

the "dark form" of L. timberlakei (it has fulvous

pubescence and linear, regularly spaced propodeal striae; see "Diagnosis" and "Remarks" sections). Two hundred sixty-three paratypes are

designated and listed in the "Specimens Examined" section.

ETYMOLOGY.—As discussed in the "Remarks"

section below, P.H. Timberlake's manuscript

name "fulvohirtus," which refers to the fulvous

hairs found among the dark forms in Riverside,

California, is not an appropriate epithet, because

many specimens (especially those found in the

Sierra Nevada) have white pubescence. I therefore name this species after Mr. Timberlake, who

first recognized this as a new species and who

contributed so much to our knowledge of North

American bees.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 554).—Lasioglossum

timberlakei is sympatric with the very similar L.

pacificum along the Pacific coastal area of California and probably in Oregon as well. The dark

form of L. timberlakei is primarily found in southern California (Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside,

and Ventura counties), but one specimen has

been taken in central California (Monterey

County). The light form is found in Monterey

County, south to San Diego County and north

through the Sierra Nevada to southern Oregon.
NUMBER 429 229

DIAGNOSIS.—The obscure, poorly developed

mesoscutal punctation (Figure 622), short, dense

pubescence along the posterolateral mesoscutal

edge, and highly sculptured dorsal propodeal

surface (Figures 623, 624) will distinguish the

females of L. timberlakei from other New World

Lasioglossum. There are two forms of this species:

a "dark form" with conspicuously fulvous pubescence and a linearly striated dorsal propodeal

surface (Figure 623) and a "light form" with

white pubescence and an irregularly striated propodeum (Figure 624). See "Remarks" section for

further details.

Lasioglossum pacijicum is very similar to L. timberlakei but is a larger bee (length 8.4-10.8 mm,

x = 9.6 mm vs. 7.4-10.2 mm, x = 8.7 mm), has

distinctly formed mesoscutal punctation (Figure

560), and elongate hairs along the posterolateral

mesoscutal edge.

The males of L. timberlakei are similar to L.

pacijicum in having elongate hair tufts on the

lateral edges of sternum V. However, the hair

margin along the posterior edge of sternum V is

more narrowly rounded in L. timberlakei (Figure

562) than in L. pacijicum, in which the posterior

hair margin is broadly rounded (Figure 561).

The males of the light form of L. timberlakei are

easily separated by their irregularly striate to

nearly scabrous dorsal propodeal surface. See the

"Diagnosis" of L. pacificum for further details

concerning superfically similar species.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 7.4-

10.2 mm (x = 8.7, n = 30); (2) wing length 2.2-

2.8 mm (x = 2.6, n = 30); (3) abdominal width

2.6-3.4 mm (x = 2.9, n = 30).

Structure: (4) Head short (Figure 619;

length/width ratio 0.79-0.92, x = 0.82, n = 30).

(7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8) weakly

protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.68-0.78 of its length below lower margin of eyes; (11) surface without median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral

ocelli subequal to distance between lateral ocellus

and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 subequal in length

to 2 along dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure

620; (27) distal keel narrow in frontal view,

nearly parallel-sided; (28) distal lateral projections virtually absent, evident as obscure swellings; (29) fimbrial setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle broadly obtuse; (33)

pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, broadly interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge inconspicuous, broadly

rounded. (35) Mesoscutal lip weakly bilobed, (36)

moderately elevated from pronotum. (40) Dorsal

surface of propodeum about 0.72-0.73 the

length of scutellum and about 1.2-1.3 times the

length of metanotum, (41) not depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin truncated (slightly

bowed posteriad); (43) propodeal triangle weakly

defined laterally; (44) lateral carinae completely

encircling posterior surface. (45) Tibial spur as

in Figure 53.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

weakly sinuate.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely and

uniformly punctate between ocelli and antennae,

punctures contiguous. (51) Supraclypeal area extremely granulate; (52) punctures separated by

their width or less laterally, becoming only

slightly less dense centrally. (53) Clypeus granulate basally, apical three-fourths polished; (54)

punctures separated by less than their width basally, becoming less dense apically. (56) Mesoscutum shiny; (57) punctation as in Figure 622,

indistinctly doubly-punctate, smaller punctures

inconspicuous, 2-3 times their width apart,

larger punctures poorly defined, widely spaced,

5-6 times their width apart. (58) Scutellum virtually impunctate adjacent to median line. (63)

Dorsal surface of propodeum (Figures 623, 624)

irregularly porcate, striae reaching posterior

margin; (64) surface smooth, not alveolated. (65)

Metasomal tergum I shiny; (66) punctation extremely fine, sparse posteriorly, punctures 2-3

times their width apart, punctures scattered anteriorly with large impunctate areas.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane nearly hyaline, very lightly pigmented.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head white to

fulvous. (75) Pubescence of thorax white to fulvous; (76) mesoscutal hairs moderately sparse
230 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 619-624.—Lasioglossum timberlakei: 619, female head; 620, female labrum; 621, male

labrum; 622, female mesoscutum; 623, female propodeum, dark form; 624, female propodeum,

light form.
NUMBER 429 231

and plumose; as in L. sisymbrii, mesoscutal hairs

along lateroposterior edge short, adpressed. (77)

Hind tibial hairs concolorous, golden, to weakly

differentiated in color with light brown dorsal

hairs. (78) Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum I

and (79) basal hair bands of terga II-IV yellowish

white to pale yellowish brown. (80) Acarinarium

absent, elongate hairs scattered over anterior

surface of tergum I. (81) Unlike most species,

basal hair band of tergum II conspicuously narrowed (not interrupted as in L. padficum).

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 6.4-8.0 mm (x = 7.3, n = 24); (2) wing

length 2.0-2.3 mm (x = 2.2, n = 24); (3) abdominal width 1.8-2.2 mm (x = 2.0, n = 24). (4)

Head short (length/width ratio 0.77-0.90, x =

0.85, n = 24). (5) Gena narrower than eye, (5)

rounded, not produced posteriorly. (10) Clypeal

surface broadly rounded, not flattened or depressed. Labrum as in Figure 621; (24) distal

process absent; (25) basal area rounded medially,

not depressed; (26) basal lateral depressions absent. (30) Mandible very short, not reaching opposing clypeal angle. (53) Clypeus weakly granulate, shiny; (54) punctation nearly uniform

throughout, punctures separated by 1-2 times

their width. (68) Clypeal maculation absent. (69)

Flagellum only very slightly paler ventrally than

on dorsum. (72) Tarsi dark, concolorous with

tibiae.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 562;

(82) sternum IV with apical fringe of suberect,

plumose hairs; (83) sternum V with apical fringe

of adpressed hairs that become longer laterally,

forming lateral hair tufts similar to but not so

developed as those of L. padficum (margin of hair

fringe sinuate, not evenly and broadly rounded

as in L. padficum).

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

629; (85) median process of sternum VIII absent

except for very slight median convexity. Genitalia as in Figures 625-628; (86) gonobase moderately elongate; (87) gonostylus moderately

large, robust and bluntly rounded, with conspicuous lateral fold; (89) retrorse membranous lobe

slightly reduced, very slender basally, expanding

to rounded apex (similar to that of L. sisymbrii);

(90) volsella broadly projecting laterally but lacking prominent lateral lobe.

REMARKS.—P.H. Timberlake apparently was

the first worker to recognize L. timberlakei as

being distinct from L. padficum, to which it is

very similar. Timberlake labeled a large series of

specimens in the University of California, Riverside collection "Halictus fulvohirtus Timb." (an

unpublished manuscript name; specimens from

Riverside, California). These specimens, having

fulvous pubescence and near linear, distinctly

spaced propodeal striae (Figure 623), correspond

to what I herein refer to as the dark form of L.

timberlakei. While preparing the specimens for

shipment to me, S.I. Frommer, Curator of the

Riverside Entomology Collection, noted that

Timberlake had associated with the specimens

labeled "H. fulvohirtus" a shorter, unlabeled series. The latter specimens have white pubescence

and irregularly striate dorsal propodeal surfaces

(Figure 624; striae not linear and distinctly

spaced as in other form). I herein refer to these

specimens as the light form of L. timberlakei.

Timberlake labeled a white form specimen in the

University of California, Berkeley collection

"Halictus n. sp." Whether or not these forms

deserve individual specific status is uncertain at

present. A few specimens appear to be somewhat

intermediate in having conspicuously fulvous pubescence and an irregularly striate dorsal propodeal surface typical of the white forms. The

dark form, known primarily from southern California, is most commonly collected in February

and March. The light form is also found along

the southern Pacific coastline but also occurs

through the Sierra Nevada north to southern

Oregon; it has most commonly been collected in

June. The only early season records for the light

form are one female collected in February and

one female from March, both from Riverside

County. Interestingly, both specimens are intermediate forms as described above.

Although hair coloration is noticeably variable, the propodeal sculpturing, though somewhat

variable, appears to consistently differentiate
232

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 625-629.—Lasioglossum timberlakei, male: 625,

genitalia, ventral view; 626, same, dorsal view; 627, same,

lateral view; 628, gonostylus; 629, sterna VII-VIII.
NUMBER 429 233

both forms at present, hence it is this feature that

is used to separate the forms in this study, not

hair coloration. However, given the variability of

propodeal sculpturing in combination with the

relative paucity of known specimens (especially

males) and given the intermediate forms for hair

color and propodeal sculpture, I hesitate recognizing two species at present. Some workers

might designate two subspecies in this case but I

prefer to avoid formalizing such uncertainty.

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 630).—Most of the

L. timberlakei dark form specimens (84%) were

collected by P.H. Timberlake in Riverside, California, from 1925 to 1958. Females were collected in every month from late January through

early October except August. Most records

(73%) are from February and March. The two

males associated with the dark form were taken

in October and December.

The light forms of L. timberlakei have most

commonly been taken in June (56%), with the

records ranging from February through September. The one light form taken in February was

from Riverside, California; it appears to be an

intermediate form in having rich, fulvous pubescence like the dark form but the irregularly

striate propodeal surface of the light form. The

one March record was also from Riverside

County (Cedar Crest) and was an intermediate

0 DARK FORM

• LIGHT FORM

—1 • TOTAL

J FMAM J J ASON D

FIGURE 630.—Lasioglossum timberlakei flight records.

specimen like the above form. Other intermediate forms have been collected later in the year,

for example: one female, Ventura County, California, 15 May 1971 (UCR); one female, Mono

County, California, 25 August 1979 (CDA).

FLOWER RECORDS.—Dark form females (103):

Salicaceae 40%; Cruciferae 35%; Compositae

7%. One male taken from Baccharis. Total: 104

in 10 familes, 16 genera as follows:

Alyssum 19; Amsinckia 19; Baccharis 59, 1<$; Brassica 19;

Capsella 29; Cryptantha 19; *Erodium 3(1)9; *Eschscholtzia

1(1)9; Rhus 19; *Salix 41(2)9; *Sambucus 2(1)9; *Schinus

2(1)9; *Sedum 5(1)9; *Sisymbrium 32(3)9; *Solanum 3(2)9;

Sonchus 29.

Light form females (16): Salicaceae 25%;

Rhamnaceae 19%; Rosaceae 12%. Males (5):

Compositae 100%. Total: 21 in 10 families, 15

genera as follows:

Arctostaphylos 19; Aster \6; *Ceanothus 2(2)9; Chrysothamnus

26; Cryptantha 19; Eriogonum 19; Gutierrezia 1<J; Haplopappus

Id; *Phacelia 1(1)9; Prunus 29; Rhamnus 19; *Salix 4(2)9;

Samucus 19; *Sisymbrium 1 (1 )9; Solid ago 19.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Paratype dark

forms: 127(1259,2(5).

UNITED STATES. CALIFORNIA: LOS Angeles Co.: El

Monte, 27 Apr 1971 (19; UCR); Irwindale, 11 Mar 1936,

P.H. Timberlake; Los Angeles (19; USNM), 23 Mar 1935,

K. Holland (19; LACM); Pasadena, 21 Dec 1897 {16,

AMNH), 7 Jul 1933. CD. Michener (19; AMNH), 17 Feb

1934, CD. Michener (19; AMNH), 15-24 Mar 1944 (29;

MCZ), 8 Apr 1945, R.C. Osburn (19; OhS): San Fernando

Valley, 22 Sep 1917, R. May (19; UCB); West Hollywood

Hills, 25 Jun 1950, R. Howell (19; UCB); Westwood Hills,

20 Feb 1937, E.G. Linsley (29; UCB), 3 Apr 1937, N.F.

Hardman (19; UCB). Monterey Co.: San Ardo, 6 Jun 1966,

R.L. Langston (19; UCB). Riverside Co.: Riverside, P.H.

Timberlake (1059, 16; UCR), 1 Oct 1939, C. Dammmers

(19; LACM). Orange Co.: Fullerton, 26 Jun 1959, C.A.

Toschi (19; UCB). Ventura Co.: Fillmore, 9 Jun 1957. W.E.

Simonds (19; CDA); Foster Park, 25 Jun 1959, M. Bruck

(19; UCD), 1 Jul 1959, F.D. Parker (19; UCD); Santa Paula,

6 Jun 1926(19; UCB).

Paratype light forms: 136 (121$, 17c5).

UNITED STATES. CALIFORNIA: Calaveras Co.: Railway

Flat, 4 mi S, May 1969, E.G. Linsley (19; UCB). El Dorado

Co.: Pollock Pines, 22 Jun 1948, L.W. Quate (19; UCB), 10

Jun 1952, P.H. Arnaud (19; CAS); Strawberry Valley, 13

Aug 1912, E.C. Van Dyke (19; CAS); Wrights Lake, 2 Jul

1948, P.D. Hurd (19; UCB). Fresno Co.: Shaver Lake, 15 Jul
234 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

1968, J.B. Hoy (1?; UCB). Kern Co.: Alta Sierra, 5 mi E, 10

Jul 1955, B. Hudson (19; UCB); Walker Pass, 26 Apr 1949,

E.G. Linsley, J.W. MacSwain, R.F. Smith (19; UCB). Los

Angeles Co.: Angeles Crest, 16Jun 1957(19; LACM); Crystal

Lake, 1-9 Jul 1952, A.T. McClay, L. Stange (29; LACM,

UCD); San Gabriel River (East Fork), 30 Apr 1961, R.L.

Westcott (19; LACM); Tanbark Flat, 17-20 Jun 1950, H.L.

Hansen, P.D. Hurd, A.T. McClay (49; UCB, UCD), 18-19

Jun 1956, H.W. Michalk, L.W. Shainberg, L.A. Stange (49;

CDA, LACM, UCD). Madera Co.: Oakhurst, 19 May, 1 Jun

1942 (29; UCB). Mariposa Co.: Yosemite, 8-25 Jun 1921,

E.C. Van Dyke (49; CAS), 5 Jul 1927, E.H. Nast (19; CAS),

7-8 Jun 1931 (39; UCB, UCR), 20 May 1934 (19; CAS),

10-16 Jun 1935, A.L. Melander (149; MCZ), 30 May, 15

Jun 1938, N.F. Hardman (39; UCB).

Mono Co.: Mill Creek Canyon (7 mi S Junction Highway

395), 25-26 Aug 1979, M. Wasbauer, P. Adams (19; CDA);

West Walker River, 17 May 1937, CD. Michener (29; KU).

Monterey Co.: Arroyo Seco Camp, 23 Jun 1967, R.F. Denno

(29; UCD), 6 Apr 1968, R.O. Schuster (39; UCD), 23 Apr

1976, R.W. Brooks (19; RWB), 1.5-5 air mi S, 3-7 May

1975, J. Powell, R. Wharton (39; UCB); Bryson, 18 May

1920, E.P. VanDuzee (29; CAS); Hastings Natural History

Reservation (Jamesburg), 12 Jun 1938, CD. Michener (19;

KU); Los Padres Dam (Carmel Valley) 24 Jun 1967, R.F.

Denno (19; UCD). Plumas Co.: Quincy, 4 mi W, 19-20 Jun

1949, P.D. Hurd, J.W. MacSwain (29; UCB), 3 Jul 1949,

E.I. Schlinger (19; UCD). Riverside Co.: Cedar Crest (San

Jacinto Mts.), 16 Mar 1940, P.H. Timberlake (19; UCR);

Keen Camp, 8 mi W (San Jacinto Mts.), 1 Jun 1939, E.S.

Ross (19; UCB); Riverside, 16 Feb 1934, P.H. Timberlake

(19; UCR), 6 Apr 1940, P.H. Timberlake (19; UCR); Santa

Ana River, 23 Aug 1952, P.H. Timberlake (19; UCR); upper

Santa Ana River, 26 Jun 1948, A.L. Melander (29; UCR), 7

Sep 1952, A.L. Melander (19; USNM).

San Bernardino Co.: Barton Flats, 23 Sep 1946, N. Crickmer (1<5; KU); Cajon Pass, 2 mi W, 7 Jun 1958, J.C. Hall

(29; UCD); Camp Angelus, 25 Aug 1953, A.L. Melander

(1(5; USNM); Mt. Home Canyon, 22 Sep 1953, A.L. Melander (2<5; USNM), 27 Sep 1955, A.L. Melander (2<5; USNM);

Mt. Howe Creek (San Bernardino Mts.), 4 Jul 1935, P.H.

Timberlake (19; UCR); Seeley Flats (San Bernardino Mts.),

2-4 Jul 1917, R. May (29; UCB); Seven-Oaks, 21 Sep 1952,

A.L. Melander (26; USNM): Tetley Park, 23 May 1936,

E.G. Linsley (19; UCB); upper Santa Ana River, 24 Sep

1923, E.P. VanDuzee (26; CAS), 24 Aug 1946, G.H. &J.L.

Sperry (46; AMNH, KU). San Diego Co.: Lake Henshaw, 4

mi W, 19 Jun 1965, G.R. Ballmer (19; UCR); Mt. Laguna,

14 May, 19 Jun 1971, A.R. Moldenke (19, 1(5; CU); Mt.

Palomar, 24 Jul 1961, G.C Eickwort (19; MSUEL), 28 Jun

1963, I.H. Pogojeff (19; UCD). San Luis Obispo Co.: La

Panza Camp (12 mi NE Pozo), 29 Apr 1962, J. Powell (19;

UCB). Santa Barbara Co.: Goleta, 9 Jul 1959, W.A. Steffan

(19; UCB); Los Prietos, 4 mi E, 25 Jun 1965, J. Powell (19;

UCB). Shasta Co.: Big Springs, 23 May 1941 (19; UCB); Hat

Creek, 20-21 Jun 1955, J.W. MacSwain, E.E. Lindquist,

R.D. Browning, J.R. Jessen, A.J. Muller, J.C. Weils (29;

UCB; 49, UCD), 3 mi N, 5Jun 1941 (19; UCB); Mt. Shasta,

26 Sep 1977, R.O. Schuster (79, 2(5; UCD); Old Station,

22-24 Jun 1955, J.R. Jessen (29; UCD); Shingletown, 2 Jun

1941, P.D. Hurd (19; UCB).

Siskiyou Co.: Ash Creek Ranger Station (9 mi E McCloud),

7-9 Jun 1974, J. Sorenson, R. Coville (29; UCB); McBride

Springs (3 mi NNE Mt. Shasta City), 3 Jul 1963, CD.

MacNeill (19; CAS). Trinity Co.: Junction City, 30 Jun 1975,

T.R. Haig (19; CDA). Tulare Co.: Johnsondale, 2 mi E, 27

Apr 1964, R.L. Langston, C.A. Toschi (69; UCB). Ventura

Co.: Sespe Wildlife Area, 15 May 1971, UCR Field Ent. (19;

UCR).

NEVADA: Douglas Co.: Valley Hot Springs, 24 Jun 1953,

R.C. Bechtel (19; UCD). Washoe Co.: Galena Creek, 30 April

1961, F.D. Parker (19; UCD), 26 Jun 1965, E.L. Smith (19;

UCD). OREGON: Jackson Co.: Ashland, 2 Jun 1954, C Fitch

(19; UCD).

41. Lasioglossum titusi (Crawford)

FIGURES 54, 62, 631-644

Halictus Titusi Crawford, 1902:2 [female]; 1906:302 [locality

records].

Lasioglossum titusi.—Michener, 1951:1107 [Nearctic catalog].—Linsley and MacSwain, 1959:22, 29 [flight records,

association with Ranunculus, mites].—Linsley et al.,

1963:42 [locality and flower records].—Whitsel and

Schoeppner, 1971:223 [mites].—Moldenke and Neff,

1974:58 [locality and flower records].—Bohart and Youssef, 1976:193 [pollen preference].—Delfinadoand Baker,

1976:286 [mites].—Eickwort, 1979:579 [mites].—Hurd,

1979:1958 [Nearctic catalog].—Hurd, et al., 1980:27, 66

[flower records].

TYPE MATERIAL.—The holotype of Halictus

titusi could not be located and is presumed to be

lost. In his original description, Crawford (1902)

stated that "the specimens on which this paper is

based are in the collection of the University of

Nebraska, unless otherwise stated." Dr. Brett C.

Ratcliffe kindly checked the Nebraska collection

but could not locate any type material for this

species. Although there are two specimens in the

collection of the National Museum of Natural

History labeled "cotype," they lack primary type

status, because Crawford's only mention of the

type series was "type from San Diego, Calif."

Fortunately, Lasioglossum titusi is a very distinctive bee, and Crawford's original description
NUMBER 429 235

clearly associates the name with the "cotypes"

and other specimens commonly believed to be

conspecific. Designation of a neotype is unnecessary.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 631).—Lasioglossum titusi has heretofore been reported only from California and Oregon (Hurd, 1979). It is now

known to occur from southern British Columbia

through Washington and south through coastal

southern California to Baja California Norte,

including East Anacapa, San Miguel, Santa Cruz,

and Santa Rosa Islands. To the east the species

follows the Rocky Mountain system into northern Utah and western Colorado.

DIAGNOSIS.—Females of Lasioglossum titusi

can be readily recognized by their very sparse

mesoscutal punctation (Figure 637). The mesoscutum is actually obscurely doubly-punctate

FIGURE 631.—Distribution of Lasioglossum titusi.

with the smaller, inconspicuous punctures separated by 2-4 times their width and the larger

punctures separated by 2-3 times their width

laterally, becoming extremely sparse centrally.

The propodeal dorsal surface is regularly and

distinctively striolate (Figure 636) and is unique

among western Lasioglossum in being only

slightly longer than the metanotum. Additional

characters helpful in recognizing L. titusi are the

moderately short head (Figure 632), the shiny

and sparsely punctate vertex between the lateral

ocellus and the compound eye (Figure 124), and

the noticeably dull metasoma with relatively inconspicuous gray-white basal hair bands. Furthermore, this is the only Lasioglossum species

associated with scutacarid mites that cling to the

hairs on the posterior propodeal surface of the

female bee (Figure 75; the histiostomatid mites

associated with other Lasioglossum females are

found on an acarinarium on the anterior surface

of the first metasomal tergum of the host).

The mesoscutal punctation of male L. titusi is

extremely sparse, more so than that of the female. The punctures are fine and inconspicuous

on a highly polished mesoscutal surface. The fine

mesoscutal punctation in combination with the

yellow tarsi of all three pairs of legs will differentiate L. titusi males from all other North American Lasioglossum (other species with yellow tarsi

have well-developed mesoscutal punctation).

Also helpful in recognizing males of this species

are the regularly striolate dorsal propodeal surface (similar to that of the female, Figure 636)

and the relatively simple sternal vestiture (Figure

198).

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: Length 7.3-10.0

mm (x = 8.8, n = 15); (2) wing length 2.3-2.7

mm (x = 2.4, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 2.8-

3.5 mm (x = 3.2, n = 15).

Structure: (4) Head short (Figure 632;

length/width ratio 0.85-0.92, x = 0.88, n = 15).

(7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8) very

weakly protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.75 of its length below lower margin of eyes; (11) surface without median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral
236 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 632-637.—Lasioglossum titusi: 632, female head; 633, male head; 634, female labrum;

635, male labrum; 636, female propodeum; 637, female mesoscutum.
NUMBER 429 237

ocelli subequal to distance between lateral ocellus

and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 longer than 2 along

dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure 634; (27)

distal keel narrow in frontal view, parallel-sided;

(28) distal lateral projections well developed, unlike all other species, projections conspicuously

truncated; (29) fimbrial setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle broadly obtuse; (33)

pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, broadly interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge inconspicuous, broadly

rounded. (35) Mesoscutal lip rounded, not bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from pronotum.

(40) Dorsal surface of propodeum very short,

about 0.54 the length of scutellum and subequal

to metanotum in length, (41) not depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin broadly rounded;

(43) propodeal triangle weakly defined, evident

medially as a low V-shaped elevation with weak

lateral rims extending towards metanotum; (44)

lateral carinae extending nearly to dorsal surface.

(45) Tibial spur as in Figure 54.

(46) Unlike other species, lateral edge of metasomal tergum II broadly and evenly rounded

(Figure 62).

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely punctate below ocelli (somewhat granular immediately below median ocellus), punctures contiguous, becoming larger and less dense near antennae. (51) Supraclypeal area extremely granulate;

(52) uniformly but sparsely punctate, punctures

separated by 3-4 times their width. (53) Clypeus

granulate basally, obscurely granulate over apical

two-thirds; (54) punctures minute basally, larger

apically, uniformly separated by their width. (56)

Mesoscutum dull; (57) punctation as in Figure

637, indistinctly doubly-punctate, smaller punctures very fine, inconspicuous, 2-4 times their

width apart, larger punctures separated by 2-3

times their width laterally, becoming extremely

sparse centrally. (58) Scutellum virtually impunctate adjacent to median line, punctures extremely fine and scattered. (63) Dorsal surface

of propodeum (Figure 636) irregularly but distinctly striolate, striae reaching posterior margin;

(64) surface very obscurely alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I dull, not noticeably granulate;

(66) punctation very fine, obscure, moderately

dense, punctures 1-2 times their width apart.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane mostly hyaline, very obscurely infuscated towards apex.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head pale yellowish brown. (75) Pubescence of thorax pale

yellowish brown; (76) mesoscutal hairs somewhat

dense, conspicuously plumose. (77) Hind tibial

hairs concolorous, pale yellowish brown. (78)

Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum I pale yellowish white, (79) basal hair bands of terga IIIV grayish white. (80) Acarinarium absent, elongate hairs scattered over anterior surface of tergum I (mites cling to propodeal hairs).

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 7.1-8.5 mm (x = 7.9, n = 15); (2) wing

length 1.9-2.5 mm (x = 2.3, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 2.0-2.9 mm (x = 2.6, n = 15). (4)

Head as in figure 633 (length/width ratio 0.79-

0.91, x = 0.85, n = 15). (5) Gena slightly wider

than eye, (6) rounded, not produced posteriorly.

(10) Clypeal surface broadly rounded, not flattened or depressed. (23) Unlike most species,

flagellomere 1 relatively long compared to flagellomere 2 (ratio 1:2 approximately 0.87). Labrum as in Figure 635; (24) distal process absent;

(25) basal area rounded medially, not depressed;

(26) basal lateral depressions very weakly developed. (30) Mandible short, just reaching opposing clypeal angle. (53) Clypeus polished; (54)

punctation nearly uniform throughout, punctures separated by 1-2 times their width. (68)

Clypeal maculation usually present, sometimes

reduced or rarely absent. (69) Flagellum entirely

dark or light brown ventrally and contrasting

with dark dorsum. (72) Tarsi yellow, contrasting

with dark tibiae.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 198;

(82) hairs on sternum IV moderately short, suberect, without noticeable pattern; (83) hairs on

sternum V mostly short, inconspicuous except

for small patch of erect hairs on lateral edge of

sternum and characteristic fringe of short hairs

along the posterior sternal edge.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

643; (85) sternum VIII without median process.

Genitalia as in Figures 638-642; (86) gonobase
238 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

643

FIGURES 638-643.—Lasioglossum titusi, male: 638, genitalia, ventral view; 639, same, dorsal

view; 640, same, lateral view; 641, volsella; 642, gonostylus; 643, sterna VII-VIII.
NUMBER 429 239

moderately elongate; (87) gonostylus robust,

broadly rounded to truncate apicially, surface

conspicuously concave as viewed ventrally; (89)

retrorse membranous lobe very slender basally,

expanding to moderately broad distal portion

(unlike other species, inner margin of lobe with

row of conspicuously large, plumose setae); (90)

volsella broadly rounded laterally, lacking prominent lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 644).—Female L.

titusi have been collected in every month; however, 74% of the specimens examined were collected from May to July. Female records from

the southwest region peak in late May, whereas

those from the northwest peak in late June. The

two specimens collected in November and January were from Riverside County, California; the

one specimen collected in December was from

Yolo County in the Central Valley of California.

Male records are most common from July to

September but range from May to early November, with one male collected on 11 January 1926,

by P.H. Timberlake in Riverside, California.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Lasioglossum titusi is unusual among Lasioglossum species in showing

some level of oligolectic behavior. This was first

mentioned by Bohart and Youssef (1976), who

stated that this species "collects pollen only from

100

JFMAMJJASON D

FIGURE 644.—Lasioglossum titusi flight records.

ligulate composites (unpublished)." Hurd, LaBerge, and Linsley (1980) reported this species

as being a "casual polylege" of Helianthus. Of the

374 females examined in this study that had

associated floral data, 312 (83%) were collected

on composite flowers; 112 of these specimens

were noted to have full or nearly full scopal

pollen loads and 111 of them were taken on

composites (one was taken from Calochortus).

Although the relationship between floral label

data and actual source of scopal pollen are tenuous without pollen analysis, the obvious trend

in this case is highly supportive of Bohart and

Youssef s claim for oligolecty.

Summary: Females (365): Compositae 83%;

Ranunculaceae 3%. Males (29): Compositae

93%; Plantaginaceae 7%. Total: 394 in 17 families, 53 genera as follows:

*Agoseris 78(5)9; Anthemis 39; *Aster 6(1)9, 1(5; Astragalus

19; Baeria 89; Balsamorhiza 19; *Blennosperma 6(2)9; Blepharipappus 159; Brassica 59; *Calochortus 1(1)9; Calycadenia

16; Ceanothus 19; Chrysanthemum 19; Chrysothamnus 19, 26;

Cichorium 39; Clarkia 29; Convolvulus 19; Coreopsis 39; *Cosmos 7(7)9; *Crepis 1(1)9; Cryptantha 79; Encelia 49; Fritillaria

19; Godetia 19; Grindelia 69, 26; *Helianthus 28(24)9; *Hemizonia 12(3)9, 116; Heterotheca 19; Hypericum 19; *Hypochaeris 56(37)9; *Lasthenia 9(4)9; *Layia 19(11)9, 4(5; Limnanthes 19; Lomatium 19; * Madia 7(5)9, 1(5; Malacothrix 19;

Melilotus 29; Mentha 19; Mesembryanthemum 19; Nemophila

29; Parthenium 219, 3(5; Picris 29, 1(5; Plantago 26; Ranunculus 159; Salix 19; Sisymbrium 19; *Solidago 1(1)9; Stenotopsis

19; Stephanomeria 19, 1(3; Taraxacum 139; Trifolium 19; Triteleia 19; *Wyethia 2(1)9.

MITE ASSOCIATES.—Unlike other species of

New World Lasioglossum, L. titusi is associated

with a scutacarid mite, Imparipes vulgaris Delfinado and Baker (Linsley and MacSwain, 1959;

Delfinadoand Baker, 1976; Eickwort, 1979). See

introductory section on "Mite Associations" for

further details.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—1473 (13159, 158<5).

CANADA. BRITISH COLUMBIA: Vernon 19 Sep 1903 (1(5;

USNM).

MEXICO. BAJA CALIFORNIA NORTE: Rio San Miguel. 22

Aug 1981, D.K. Faulkner (19; SDNHM).

UNITED STATES. CALIFORNIA: Alameda Co.; Butte Co.:

Biggs, 4 mi N: Alpine Co.: Monitor Pass Summit; Amador

Co.: Fiddletown (4 mi E), Sutter Creek; Calveras Co.: Mur-
240 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

phys, Railroad Flat; Colusa Co.: Bear Valley, Lodoga, 4 mi

NW; Contra Costa Co.; El Dorado Co.: Shingle Springs; Fresno

Co.: unspecified locality; Humboldt Co.; Kings Co.: Corcoran;

Lake Co.: Lakeport, Lower Lake (11 mi W); Lassen Co.:

Hallelujah Junction, Litchfield (10.6 mi N), Termo (6.5 mi

N); Los Angeles Co.; Madera Co.: Bass Lake; Marin Co.;

Mariposa Co.: Miami Ranger Station; Mendocino Co.; Modoc

Co.; Monterey Co.; Napa Co.; Orange Co.; Placer Co.: Dutch

Flat, Weimar (3 mi W); Plumas Co.: Meadow Valley, Quincy

(4 mi W, 23 mi SW); Riverside Co.; Sacramento Co.; San

Francisco Co.; San Benito Co.: Pinnacles, west side; San Diego

Co.: La Jolla, San Diego, Warner Springs (2 mi N); San Luis

Obispo Co.: Atascadero (8 mi W), Cambria Pines, Morro Bay,

Pismo; San Mateo Co.; Santa Barbara Co.: includes San Miguel

and Santa Rosa islands; Santa Clara Co.; Santa Cruz Co.;

Shasta Co.: Redding; Sierra Co.: Gold Lake, Sattley; Siskiyou

Co.: Weed; Solano Co.: Dixon (II mi S), Vacaville (11 mi N),

Vallejo; Sonoma Co.; Stanislaus Co.: Turlock; Tulare Co.: Ash

Mountain; Trinity Co.: Hayfork; Tuolumne Co.; Ventura Co.:

East Anacapa Island, Matilija; Yolo Co.: Davis, Putah Canyon,

Woodland; Yuba Co.: Marysville.

COLORADO: Delta Co.: Paonia; Routt Co.: Craig (10 mi E),

Steamboat Springs (11 mi NNW). IDAHO: Bannock Co.: Arimo (6 mi W); Franklin Co.; Gem Co.: Squaw Creek (10 mi E

Emmett); Latah Co.: Juliaetta (3 mi SW), Troy; Net Perce Co.:

top of Lewiston Grade; Oneida Co.: Ireland Canyon, Salyer

Cow Camp; (hvyhee Co.: Sheaville, 4 mi E. MONTANA: Carbon

Co.: Roscoe (3 mi SSW); Gallatin Co.: ftozeman; Judith Basin

Co.: Raynesford (8 km W). NEVADA: Douglas Co.: Topaz

Lake; W'ashoe Co.: near Wadsworth. OREGON. Baker Co.:

Sparta; Benton Co.; Clackamas Co.: Mt. Hood; Columbia Co.:

Clatskanie, Scappoose; Coos Co.: Fairview (5 mi NECoquille);

Crook Co.: Prineville (25 mi E); Curry Co.: Gold Beach, Sixes

River; Deschutes Co.: Three Sisters; Douglas Co.; Harney Co.:

Burns (20 mi E), Frenchglen (9 mi E); Jackson Co.; Josephine

Co.: Grave Creek; Klamath Co.: Dairy (10 mi E), Klamath

Falls; Lake Co.: Warner Canyon; Lane Co.: Cottage Grove,

Eugene; Lincoln Co.: Eddyville, Siletz; Linn Co.: Scio (12 mi

E); Marion Co.: Salem. Woodburn; Multnomah Co.: Portland;

Polk Co.: Kings Valley (2 mi N), Monmouth; Tillamook Co.:

Oceanside, Tillamook Burn; Umatilla Co.: S. Pendleton, near

Ukiah, Morrow-U mat ilia Co. boundary on US 74; Union

Co.: Minain Hill (10 mi E Elgin); Wallowa Co.: Florsa Lake;

Wasco Co.: Mosier Creek; Washington Co.: Forest Grove,

Hillsboro.

UTAH: BOX Elder Co.: Mantua-Devil's Gate; Cache Co.:

High ("reek. Logan, Tony Grove Junction; Salt Lake Co.:

Parleys Canyon, Salt l.ake City; Summit Co.: Wanship. WASHINGTON: Grays Harbor Co.: Markham; Island Co.: Whidby

Island (2 mi NE Oak Harbor); Klickitat Co.: Lyle (5 mi NE);

Pierce Co.: Puvallup; Thurston Co.: Olympia; Walla Walla Co.:

Walla Walla; Whitman Co.: Pullman. WYOMING: Fremont CO.:

Lander: Teton Co.: Wilson (15 mi S).

42. Lasioglossum transvorsum (Vachal)

FIGURES 55, 645-658

Halictus transvorsus Vachal, 1904:472 [female].—Cockerel!,

1905a:90[key].

Lasioglossum transvorsum.—Moure and Hurd, 1986:65 [catalog].

TYPE MATERIAL.—Vachal based his description of Halictus transvorsus on two females labeled "Angang. Mex." without designating a holotype. Moure and Hurd (1986) state that "one

of two females in the type series was labeled by

one of us (Moure) in March, 1958 as the lectoholotype and is now so designated." Neither one

of the specimens now has this lectotype label but

one has been recently labeled "HOLOTYPE." I

assume this specimen is the one Moure intended

to be the lectotype and I have reattached a lectotype label with the designation attributed to

Moure. The full label data are

Angag.[ueo?]; MUSEUM PARIS Amerique COLL. O.

SICHEL 1867/HOLOTYPE [handwritten on red label]/

Hal.[ictus] 9 transvorsus Vach.[al] [handwritten by Vachal?]

/Halictus transvorsus Vach. [al] [recently handwritten ]/LECTOTYPE Halictus transvorsus Vachal designated by]

Moure.

The lectotype and paralectotype are in the

Paris Museum (MNHNP). The former specimen

is in poor condition, having been repinned as

evidenced by the very large hole in the mesoscutum (which is also cracked) and the two pin holes

in the venter of the thorax. The last 9 flagellomeres of the left antenna are missing and the left

forewing had been broken off and crudely reglued to the pleuron. During shipment in February 1984, the abdomen broke off; it is now

contained in a small capsule attached to the insect

pin.

The type-locality "Angang." refers to either

Angangueo railway station [19°36'N, 100°-

17'W] or Mineral de Angangueo [19°37'N,

100°18'W]. This locality is apparently in the

state of Michoacan.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 645).—The known distribution of Lasioglossum transvorsum is confined
NUMBER 429 241

FIGURE 645.—Distribution of Lasioglossum transvorsum.

to a restricted area of southcentral Mexico near

Mexico City. Only 38 females and 6 males have

been collected.

DIAGNOSIS.—Both sexes of L. transvorsum can

be recognized by the non-elevated mesoscutal

anterior edge (Figure 87; compare with the normally elevated mesoscutal edge in Figure 90).

The only other Lasioglossum having a non-elevated mesoscutum is L. coriaceum from the eastern United States. Aside from the great difference in distributions, L. transvorsum differs from

L. coriaceum in having a densely punctate mesoscutum (Figures 649, 359) and in lacking a metasomal acarinarium (Figures 651, 72).

The dorsal propodeal surface of both sexes is

diagnostic in having a strongly elevated V-shaped

posterior rim (Figure 650). Lasioglossum pallicorne also has an elevated propodeal rim; however, it is more strongly developed than that of

L. transvorsum and encloses a relatively smooth

propodeal surface (Figure 574; the propodeal

surface of L. transvorsum is striolate throughout).

Furthermore, these two species differ in that L.

transvorsum lacks an acarinarium, which is present in L. pallicorne. Also helpful in identifying L.

transvorsum is the nearly complete pronotal lateral carina, which is only minutely notched (Figure 11). Females are unique in having a conspicuous patch of short adpressed hairs on the anterior surface of tergum I (Figure 651).

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 8.3-

10.9 mm (x = 9.6, n = 15); (2) wing length 2.6-

3.0 mm (x = 2.8, n = 15); (3) abdominal width

2.5-3.0 mm (x = 2.8, n = 15).

Structure: (4) Head elongate (Figure 646;

length/width ratio 0.92-1.0, x = 0.95, n = 15).

(7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8) moderately protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.80 of it length below lower margin

of eyes; (11) surface without median longitudinal

sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral ocelli

slightly exceeded by distance between lateral

ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 subequal to

2 in length along dorsal surface. Labrum as in

Figure 647; (27) distal keel broad in frontal view,

spoon-shaped; (28) distal lateral projections small
242 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

646

•

FIGURES 646-651.—Lasioglossum transvorsum: 646, female head; 647, female labrum; 648,

male labrum; 649, female mesoscutum; 650, female propodeum; 651, base of female tergum I

showing adpressed, short hair patch.
NUMBER 429 243

but distinct, somewhat conical; (29) fimbrial setae

acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle narrowly obtuse;

(33) pronotal lateral ridge complete, conspicuously elevated, oblique lateral sulcus poorly defined, extremely broad; (34) lower portion of

lateral ridge sharply edged near oblique sulcus,

becoming narrowly rounded ventrally. (35) Mesoscutal lip rounded, not bilobed, (36) not elevated from pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of

propodeum about 0.83 the length of scutellum

and about 1.4 times the length of metanotum,

(41) distinctly depressed centrally, (42) posterior

margin broadly rounded with conspicuous median V-shaped projection; (43) propodeal triangle

well defined medially by V-shaped elevation with

conspicuous lateral rims, fading towards metanotum; (44) lateral carinae extending beyond midpoint of posterior surface, obscurely reaching

dorsal surface. (45) Tibial spur as in Figure 55.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

weakly sinuate.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely and

uniformly punctate between ocelli and antennae,

punctures contiguous. (51) Supraclypeal area

moderately granulate; (52) punctures separated

by their width laterally, becoming only slightly

less dense centrally. (53) Clypeus granulate basally, apical two-thirds moderately polished; (54)

punctures obscure basally, separated by less than

their width, separated by their width centrally,

apical edge largely impunctate. (56) Mesoscutum

shiny; (57) punctation as in Figure 649, punctures somewhat coarse, contiguous throughout.

(58) Scutellar punctation moderately sparse adjacent to median line, punctures 1-2 times their

width apart. (63) Dorsal surface of propodeum

(Figure 650) very strongly ruguloso-striolate, median striae not quite reaching posterior margin;

(64) surface alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum

I moderately shiny; (66) punctation fine, extremely dense, punctures nearly contiguous.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane pale yellowish brown with infuscated spot near apex.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head pale yellowish brown. (75) Pubescence of thorax mostly

pale yellowish brown, white on pronotal lateral

angle, pronotal lobe, metanotum and propodeum; (76) mesoscutal hairs moderately dense

and plumose. (77) Hind tibial hair color differentiated, ventral and lateral hairs white, dorsal

hairs brown to dark brown. (78) Anterior hairs

of metasomal tergum I white, (79) basal hair

bands of terga II—IV yellowish white. (80) Acarinarium absent, but tergum I with unique dense

patch of short, fine, adpressed hairs on anterior

edge (Figure 651).

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 7.3-10.1 mm (x = 8.8, n = 5); (2) wing

length 2.3-2.7 mm (x = 2.5, n = 6); (3) abdominal width 2.0-2.6 mm (x = 2.3, n = 5). (4) Head

elongate (length/width ratio 0.96-1.04, x = 1.0,

n = 6). (5) Gena slightly wider than eye,

(6) moderately produced posteriorly. (10)

Clypeal surface shallowly depressed ventrally.

(23) Unlike most species, flagellomere 1 relatively long compared to flagellomere 2 (ratio 1:2

approximately 0.91). Labrum as in Figure 648;

(24) distal process virtually absent; (25) basal area

very weakly depressed medially, nearly rounded;

(26) basal lateral depressions absent. (30) Mandible short, just reaching opposing clypeal angle.

(53) Clypeus granulate, shiny; (54) punctures well

formed, nearly contiguous basally, larger and

scattered over apical two-thirds. (68) Clypeal

maculation present. (69) Flagellum entirely dark.

(72) Tarsi dark, concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 652;

(82) hairs on sternum IV moderately elongate,

suberect, posterior edge of sternum with noticeable fringe of pale hairs; (83) hairs on sternum

V short, suberect, posterior sternal edge with

broadly rounded, widely separated lateral hair

lobes (similar to those of L. heterorhinum, Figure

464).

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

658; (85) sternum VIII with moderately broad,

apically truncate, semicircular median process.

Genitalia as in Figures 653-657; (86) gonobase

elongate; (87) gonostylus moderately elongate,

slender, narrowly rounded apically; (89) retrorse

membranous lobe moderately broad (unlike
244 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 652.—Lasioglossum transvorsum, male sternal vestiture.

other species except L. asaphes, apex of gonocoxite near base of retrorse lobe with large, medially

directed membranous lobe); (90) volsella lacking

prominent lateral lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS.—Because of the paucity of

specimens, little can be said about the flightactivity patterns of L. transvorsum. Females have

been collected in most months of the year,

whereas males have been taken in January, April,

July, and December.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Two females from the

state of Mexico (Amecameca) were taken from

Heterotheca chrysopsidis.

MITE ASSOCIATES.—Lasioglossum transvorsum

females do not have an acarinarium, and none

of the 38 females examined carried mites. However, one male from Morelos (Tres Cumbres, 3

mi S) had many hypopodes on the abdominal

sterna, several on the hind femora, one each on

the middle femora, one of the pronotum, and a

few on the genae. Such a scattered positioning

of hypopodes is not found in Lasioglossum males

normally associated with mites. The positioning

of mites on the abdominal sterna was not seen in

any other male in this study.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—42 (37$, 56).

MEXICO. DISTRITO FEDERAL: Mexico City, 18 mi S, 14

Sep 1957, 9000 ft, H.A. Scullen (1$; OrS). MEXICO: Amecameca, 2 Jul 1961, 7950 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (29;

KU); Agua Bendita, 2 Aug 1962, 9700 ft, H.E. Evans (19;

MCZ); Mexico City, 50 km E, 29 Dec 1949, L.D. Beamer

(19; KU); Real de Arriba, Temescaltepec, 7 Jun 1933, H.E.

Hinton, R.L. Usinger (19; CAS); Rio Frio, 3 mi W, 30 Jun

1961, 9850 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (16*; KU); Toluca,

16 mi E, 31 Jul 1962, 9500 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped.

(29; KU), 9 mi E, 23 Jun 1963, 9600 ft, Scullen and Bolinger

(39; OrS), 15.5 mi E, 6 Aug 1963, Byers and Naumann (19;

KU). MICHOACAN: Cerro Tancitaro, 7 Jul 1941, 7800 ft, H.

Hoogstraal (19; AMNH); San Juan Parangaricutiro, 24 Jun

1947, T.H. Hubbell (19; UMMZ). MORELOS: Cuernavaca,

15 km N, 6 Jun 1951, H.E. Evans (1<5; KU), 3 Jul 1951, P.D.

Hurd (39; UCB), 6 mi N, 15 Aug 1954, 7500 ft, J.G.

Chillcott (29; CNC), 10 mi N, 4 Apr 1959, 9000 ft, H.E.

Evans (19, 16*; CU); Tres Cumbres, 3 mi S, 16 Jan 1966,

Breedlove, Gregory, Raven (119, 26*; CU). PUEBLA: Huauchinango, 14 mi W, 17 Jun 1951, P.D. Hurd (29; UCB), 8

mi W, 23 Aug 1962, 6450 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped.

(19; KU); Puebla, 40 mi W, 7 Sep 1957, 9200 ft, H.A.

Scullen (19; OrS); Zacatlan, 20.7 mi NW, 22 Aug 1962,

7950 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (19; KU). VERACRUZ:

Las Vigas, 6 mi E, 28-29 Jan 1968, Goodwin (19; USNM).

43. Lasioglossum tricnicos (Vachal)

FIGURES 56, 659-667

Halictus tricnicos Vachal, 1904:474 [female].—Cockerell,

1905a:90 [key].

Lasioglossum tricnicos.—Moure and Hurd, 1986:66 [catalog]-

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype is labeled

Museum Paris Mexique coll. O. Sichel 1867/Sierra [illegible

letter] Rivas [handwritten]/Mex[ico] [18]63 [illegible word,

presumably the collector name] [handwritten]/Holotype

[handwritten on red labelj/tricnicos Vachfal] 9 [handwritten]

/Halictus tricnicos Vach.[al] [handwritten].

The specimen has an old pin-hole in the left

pleuron but otherwise is in excellent condition.

It is housed in the Paris Museum (MNHNP).

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 659).—Lasioglossum

tricnicos is presently known from only five females and three males, which were collected in

five south-central Mexican states: Distrito Federal, Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos and Tlaxcala.
NUMBER 429 245

657

FIGURES 653-658.—Lasioglossum transvorsum, male: 653, genitalia, ventral view; 654, same,

dorsal view; 655, same, lateral view; 656, volsella; 657, gonostylus; 658, sterna VII—VIII.
246 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

I ' I ' I

0 100 300

FIGURE 659.—Distribution of Lasioglossum tricnicos.

Two specimens were collected at elevations of

8500 and 9600 feet.

DIAGNOSIS.—Lasioglossum tricnicos can be recognized by the following character combination:

posterior two-thirds of wing membrane hyaline,

anterior third along costal margin heavily infuscated (as in Figure 177); mesoscutum very finely

and completely granuloso-punctate (as in Figure

1); pronotal lateral angles densely covered with

conspicuous white pubescence. The above characters will distinguish L. tricnicos from all other

New World Lasioglossum except L. crocoturum,

which is easily differentiated by having the

metasomal terga IV-V nearly entirely covered

by short, dense, adpressed hairs (Figure 1) and

by having a relatively longer head than that of

L. tricnicos. Other Lasioglossum having the anterior third of the wing membrane infuscated along

the costal margin are L. eickworti, L. sandrae, and

L. katyae, but these are conspicuously larger bees

than L. tricnicos (body length 9.5-11.9 mm versus 8.4-9.0 mm) and generally occur south of

the known distribution of L. tricnicos (Figure 395;

only L. sandrae is known to be potentially sympatric with L. tricnicos and can be recognized by

the conspicuous mat of short hairs covering the

mesoscutum).

The infuscated anterior edge of the forewing

and the erect, lateral hair tufts on sternum V

(Figure 662) will distinguish the males of L. tricnicos from those of all other known Lasioglossum.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 8.4-9.0

mm (x = 8.7, n = 3); (2) wing length 2.5-2.6

mm (x = 2.5, n = 3); (3) abdominal width 2.5

mm (x = 2.5, n = 3).

Structure: (4) Head short (similar to Figure

545; length/width ratio 0.87-0.89, x = 0.88, n

= 3). (7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8)

very weakly protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting

approximately 0.73 of its length below lower

margin of eyes; (11) surface without median longitudinal sulcation. (13) Distance between lateral

ocelli slightly exceeded by distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 subequal to 2 in length along dorsal surface. Labrum

as in Figure 660; (27) distal keel moderately

broad in frontal view, lateral edges bowed; (28)

distal lateral projections weakly developed,
NUMBER 429 247

FIGURES 660, 661.—Lasioglossum tricnicos labra: 660, female; 661, male.

rounded; (29) fimbrial setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle broadly obtuse; (33)

pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, narrowly interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower

portion of lateral ridge moderately edged. (35)

Mesoscutal lip very weakly bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of propodeum about 0.75 the length of

scutellum and about 1.4 times the length of

metanotum, (41) slightly depressed centrally,

(42) posterior margin broadly rounded; (43) propodeal triangle very weakly defined laterally,

evident medially by low, rounded V-shaped elevation without lateral rims; (44) lateral carinae

extending approximately two-thirds the length

of posterior surface. (45) Tibial spur as in Figure

56.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II very

weakly sinuate.

Sculpture: (47) Face moderately shiny, (48)

densely and uniformly punctate between ocelli

and antennae, punctures contiguous. (51) Supraclypeal area extremely granulate; (52) uniformly

and densely punctate, punctures separated by

their width or less. (53) Clypeus granulate basally, apical two-thirds polished; (54) punctures

separated by less than their width basally, less

dense apically. (56) Mesoscutum moderately

shiny; (57) punctation as in Figure 1, punctures

extremely dense, granuloso-punctate throughout. (58) Scutellum uniformly granuloso-punctate. (63) Dorsal surface of propodeum weakly

ruguloso-striolate laterally, striae becoming very

obscure medially, almost ruguloso-granulate;

(64) surface alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum

I moderately shiny; (66) granuloso-puntate

throughout.

Coloration: (71) Posterior two-thirds of wing

membrane mostly hyaline, anterior one-third

along costal margin deeply infuscated.

FIGURE 662.—Lasioglossum tricnicos, male sternal vestiture.
248

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

667

FIGURES 663-667.—Lasioglossum tricnicos, male:

663, genitalia, ventral view; 664, same, dorsal

view; 665, same, lateral view; 666, gonostylus;

667, sterna VII-VIII.
NUMBER 429 249

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head white to

very light brown near antennae, becoming

brown on vertex. (75) Pubescence of thorax

white on pronotal lateral angle, pronotal lobes,

metanotum and propodeum; hairs on pronotal

lateral angle thick, conspicuous; (76) mesoscutal

hairs moderately dense and plumose. (77) Hind

tibial hair color differentiated, most hairs white,

dorsal hairs brown to dark brown. (78) Anterior

hairs of metasomal tergum I white, (79) basal

hair bands of terga II-IV white to yellowish

white. (80) Acarinarium absent, elongate hairs

scattered over anterior surface of tergum I.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 7.8-8.1 mm (x = 8.0, n = 3); (2) wing

length 2.1-2.2 mm (x = 2.1, n = 3); (3) abdominal width 1.8-2.0 mm (x = 1.9, n = 3). (4) Head

short (length/width ratio 0.90-1.0, x = 0.95, n

= 3). (5) Gena subequal to eye in width, (6)

moderately produced posteriorly. (10) Clypeal

surface broadly rounded, only faintly depressed

along ventral edge. Labrum as in Figure 661;

(24) distal process absent; (25) basal area depressed medially; (26) basal lateral depressions

conspicuously developed. (30) Mandible short,

just reaching opposing clypeal angle. (53)

Clypeus granulate basally, apical two-thirds polished; (54) punctures well formed, nearly contiguous basally, apical two-thirds with scattered,

moderately large punctures. (68) Clypeal maculation present. (69) Flagellum brown ventrally,

slightly paler than dark dorsum. (72) Tarsi dark,

concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 662;

(82, 83) hairs on sterna IV and V short, suberect

medially, becoming longer and erect laterally,

forming noticeable elongate hair tufts.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

667; (85) sternum VIII with moderately broad,

apically truncate, semicircular median process.

Genitalia as in Figures 663-666; (86) gonobase

elongate; (87) gonostylus elongate, slender; (89)

retrorse membranous lobe moderately broad;

(90) volsella with prominent lateral lobes.

FLIGHT RECORDS.—One of the five known

females of L. tricnicos was collected in June; the

other female with flight data was collected in

October. The three males were collected in June,

July, and December.

FLOWER RECORDS.—One female taken from

Stylosanthes (Leguminosae) in the state of Tlaxcala.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—7 (4$,

3<5).

MEXICO. DISTRITO FEDERAL: Mexico City, 50 km E, 29

Dec 1949, L.D. Beamer (1<5; KU). MEXICO: El Oro City,

summer 1924, P.W. Ayers (1?; USNM); Toluca, 15.5 mi E,

6 Jul 1961, 9600 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (1<$; KU).

MICHOACAN: Morelia (19; UCR). MORELOS: Cuernavaca, 22

Oct 1922, E.G. Smyth (19; USNM), 9 mi N, 27 Jun 1959,

8500 ft, H.E. & M.A. Evans (1<5; CU). TLAXCALA: Apizaco,

8 mi WNW, 18 Jun 1961, Univ. Kansas Mex. Exped. (19;

KU).

THE trizonatum GROUP

SPECIES INCLUDED.—Lasioglossum anhypops,

new species; L. egregium (Vachal); L. mellipes

(Crawford); L. trizonatum (Cresson).

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 668).—The trizonatum

group is very common throughout much of the

western United States and southern Canada. The

group ranges from Moresby Island off the coast

of British Columbia, south to southern California, Arizona, and New Mexico. The species do

not occur east of the 100th meridian, reaching

central Colorado and the western edge of the

Dakotas.

DIAGNOSIS.—Females of this group are rather

nondescript and have commonly been confused

with a variety of other Lasioglossum species. They

are moderately large (body length x = 8.2-9.7

mm) with elongate heads (Figures 670, 683, 697,

709; length/width ratio 0.93-1.02). The posterior margin of the dorsal propodeal surface is

rounded (Figure 113; not broadly rounded, Figure 110; or truncate, Figure 127, as in most

other species). The dorsal propodeal surface is

noticeably elongate and ruguloso-striolate.

Lasioglossum colatum has a similar propodeal surface but has a shorter head (Figure 339, length/

width ratio 0.91) and distinctive short, adpressed

hairs on the anterior surface of tergum I (Figure

351). The posterior margin of the dorsal propodeal surface is rounded and lacks the slightly
250 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 668.—Distribution of Lasioglossum trizonatum

group.

elevated lateral rims that are found in females of

the similar forbesii group (Figure 414). Most females of the trizonatum group have an acarinarium on the anterior surface of tergum I, the

glabrous surface of which is relatively small and

indistinctly delimited by relatively sparse, elongate fringe hairs (Figures 693, 711; the fringe

hairs are dense and form a much more sharply

defined border in the similar forbesii group, Figures 407-409, and L. morrilli, Figure 525). Females of L. anhypops lack an acarinarium (Figure

85) but can be recognized by the sharply excavated lateral edge of tergum II (Figures 154).

Among species occurring in the western

United States, males of the trizonatum group can

usually be recognized by their relatively flat clypeal surfaces and their conspicuously elongate

heads, which appear longer than broad (Figures

684, 698, 710, length/width ratio x = 0.95-1.02

for four species). The shortest heads are those of

L. anhypops (Figure 671, length/width ratio x =

0.93, n = 15). Lasioglossum athabascense males

have moderately elongate heads (Figure 289,

length/width ratio x = 0.95) but have a broadly

rounded clypeal surface and elongate, erect lateral hair tufts on sternum V (Figure 294; these

tufts are similar to those of L. egregium where the

head is obviously longer (Figure 684, length/

width ratio x = 0.98 and the clypeal surface flat).

Other western species with moderately elongate

headed males are L. pavonotum, which is metallic

blue-green (Figure 585, length/width ratio x =

0.90); L. zonulum, which has a unique vestiture

pattern on sternum VI (Figure 744; length/width

ratio x = 0.93); L. colatum, which has an obviously

rounded clypeal surface and shorter head (Figure

340, length/width ratio x = 0.90); and L. paraforbesii (Figure 435, length/width ratio x = 0.93),

which has yellow hind tarsi and very short inconspicuous hairs on sternum V (L. mellipes hind

tarsi yellowish orange and sternum V with erect,

lateral hair tufts and/or a median rosette of erect

hairs (Figures 701, 702). The males of L. channelense, long considered to be conspecific with L.

trizonatum, have conspicuously elongate mandibles (Figure 320) and a virtually complete pronotal lateral carina (obviously incomplete in trizonatum males). The most similar male to those

of the trizonatum group is that of L. morrilli. The

latter species has a very elongate head (length/

width ratio x = 0.95) but can be distinguished by

its virtually impunctate and rounded clypeal surface. Furthermore, the gonostylus of L. morrilli

is truncate apically (Figure 233), which differs

from the narrowly rounded gonostylus of trizonatum males (Figures 234).

DISCUSSION.—Lasioglossum trizonatum (Cresson, 1874), here considered a species group, has

long been a source of confusion for bee taxonomists because of its extreme abundance and high

levels of structural and color variability. Variation in leg color led J.C. Crawford in 1907 to
NUMBER 429 251

recognize L. mellipes from cismontane southern

California. This species has bright yellowish orange hind tarsi unlike the darkly pigmented legs

of other trizonatum forms. However, this color

difference appears to be clinal, with structurally

similar specimens from Washington and Oregon

having dark legs. As early as 1941, Cockerell

stated that "Timberlake considers this [L. mellipes] a race of H. trizonatus Cresson." Another

obvious source of variation is the head length of

females with length/width ratios ranging from

0.88 to 1.04. Unfortunately, these differences in

head length are often subtle and difficult to work

with. Compounding the problem is that the genitalia of associated males appear to be identical

and the type of Halictus trizonatus is apparently

lost (Cresson, 1916, mentions that he could not

find his own type).

Early in my studies I noticed that certain females from the Sierra Nevada of California,

herein described as L. anhypops, were unique

among trizonatum forms in lacking an acarinarium on the anterior surface of tergum I (Figure

85 vs. Figures 693, 711). Only 2.7% of the

female L. anhypops examined carried mites,

which sharply contrasts with the infestation levels

of other forms (68.0% to 82.4%). Females of this

species also have the lateral edge of tergum II

conspicuously excavated (Figure 154). The shape

of this tergal edge proved to be a useful character

in delimiting other trizonatum forms. Females of

L. egregium have a straight tergal edge (Figure

116); that of L. mellipes is evenly sinuate (Figure

117); and that of L. trizonatum sharply to moderately excavated (Figure 115).

Because of this structural and biological variation (association with mites) and apparent lack

of intermediate forms, I have recognized one

trizonatum form as a new species (L. anhypops)

and have elevated one name from synonymy ( L.

egregium). As mentioned above, L. anhypops females are easily recognized by their lack of an

acarinarium and the sharply excavated edge of

tergum II. Many males of this species are unique

in having darkly pigmented clypeal surfaces,

lacking an apical yellow maculation. Not all specimens lack the clypeal maculation and these are

best recognized by the very short, inconspicuous

hairs on sternum V (Figure 676).

Lasioglossum egregium, described by Vachal

from Washington state and British Columbia, is

very distinctive in having the female tergal edge

virtually straight (Figure 63). Males associated

with this species are unique in having extremely

elongate, erect lateral hair tufts on sternum V

(Figure 687). These hairs on sternum V are

subequal in length to those on sternum IV and

together form a continuous, uninterrupted hair

fringe (where erect lateral hair tufts occur in

other trizonatum forms, the hairs on sternum V

are noticeably shorter than those of the preceding segment).

Although the pale leg coloration fails as a

diagnostic character for all L. mellipes females,

the lateral edge of their tergum II is characteristically sinuate (Figure 61). Males of this species

are unique among trizonatum males in having

yellowish orange hind tarsi throughout their

range. The vestiture on sternum V of these males

is highly variable, superficially suggesting that

two species are involved. One form, having elongate, erect lateral hair tufts on sternum V (Figure

701), is found from coastal northern California

south to cismontane southern California. The

other male form has relatively short hairs on

sternum V and lacks lateral hair tufts, but has a

conspicuous median rosette of erect hairs (Figure

702). This male is found in Washington, southern Oregon, and northern California through

the Sierra Nevada. Where the two forms occur

sympatrically along the central Californian coastline, a confusing array of apparent intermediate

specimens is found. Because of this apparent

intermediacy I am not recognizing two distinct

species; however, this possibility should be considered in future studies. Most helpful for resolution of this problem would be the successful

rearing of known nest mates of both sexes, especially from the San Francisco Bay area of California.

As previously mentioned, the type of Halictus

trizonatus is apparently lost. Cresson's only men-
252 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

tion of his original type material was "one specimen collected in Nevada by Dr. H.C. Yarrow."

Occurring in most western states and especially

abundant in Colorado are females with conspicuously elongate heads, acarinaria on the anterior

surface of tergum I, and moderately to strongly

excavated lateral edges of tergum II. In an effort

to stabilize the use of the name trizonatum, I

herein designate one of these females, also from

Nevada, as the neotype of//, trizonatus.

As presently construed, L. trizonatum is highly

variable; future work may show more than one

species to be involved. Females have the lateral

edge of tergum II sharply excavated (Figure 115)

to only moderately but abruptly excavated.

Whereas the heads of all L. trizonatum females

are conspicuously elongate, the heads of those

females occurring in Mono County, California,

are even longer (length/width ratio x = 1.02, vs.

0.93-0.98 for all other females). Males associated

with this species show comparable variation, most

notably the presence or absence of antennal tyli

(Figure 714). The males of L. trizonatum from

Mono County usually have conspicuous tyli and

very short, inconspicuous vestiture on sternum

V. Many other males, occurring throughout the

West, have tyli and moderately elongate, erect

lateral hair tufts on sternum V. Finally, there are

widespread males that lack tyli and have short

sternal hairs similar to those of the Mono County

males. So much variability among these forms

occurs that they cannot be reliably and consistently separated at present. This variation obviously warrants further study (see species treatment of L. trizonatum for details and distribution

of male forms).

As for the forbesii complex, the present treatment of the trizonatum species group must be

considered to be preliminary. Most helpful would

be biological studies in areas of sympatry and the

rearing of males and females from the same nests.

44. Lasioglossum anhypops, new species

FIGURES 17, 85, 154, 669-681

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype of L.

anhypops is the property of the California Insect

Survey, University of California, Berkeley, but is

on loan deposit to the California Academy of

Sciences in San Francisco. The specimen is in

excellent condition and is labeled

Echo Lake El Dorado Co.funty] California] VII|July]-9

1954/W.W. Middlekauff Collector/HOLOTYPE Lasioglossum anhypops R.J. McGinley [red label].

One hundred paratypes (73$, 276*)listed in the

"Specimens Examined" section are designated.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet is a reference to the uniqueness of this species among

members of the trizonatum group in being only

rarely associated with phoretic mites (hypopodes).

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 669).—Lasioglossum anhypops occurs from southern British Columbia,

including Vancouver Island, south through the

Cascade Range of Oregon and through the

Sierra Nevada to Los Angeles and San Bernardino counties in California. To the east, specimens have been taken in central Montana, Wyoming, and south to northern Utah. The occurFIGURE 669.—Distribution of Lasioglossum anhypops.
NUMBER 429 253

rence of specimens in the San Francisco Bay area

is unusual, but a few accurately determined specimens have been observed.

DIAGNOSIS.—The strongly, often sharply excavated lateral edge of tergum II (Figure 154)

and the lack of an acarinarium on the anterior

surface of tergum I (Figure 85) will distinguish

females of L. anhypops from all other known

species of Lasioglossum. Females of L. trizonatum

have a similar tergal edge but have an acarinarium (Figure 711) and much longer heads (Figure

709, length/width ratio x = 0.97, n = 25 v.

Figure 670, length/width ratio x = 0.93, n =

15). Lasioglossum coriaceum females also have a

strongly excavated tergal edge but have an acarinarium (Figure 72) and occur only in eastern

United States (Figure 353).

Many males of L. anhypops can be recognized

by their flat clypeal surfaces, which lack an apical

yellow maculation. In other species where the

clypeus is entirely dark, the clypeal surface is

broadly rounded (e.g., L. pacificum, L. olympiae).

Males having the yellow clypeal maculation can

be very difficult to diagnose, being best recognized by the very short, inconspicuous vestiture

on sternum V (Figure 676).

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 8.2-

10.1 mm (x = 9.0, n = 15); (2) wing length 2.3-

2.8 mm (x = 2.6, n = 15); (3) abdominal width

2.5-3.0 mm (x = 2.8, n = 15).

Structure: (4) Head elongate (Figure 670;

length/width ratio 0.88-1.0, x = 0.93, n = 15).

(7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8) moderately protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately its full length below lower margin

of eyes; (10) surface with obscure median longitudinal sulcation present in most specimens. (14)

Distance between lateral ocelli subequal to distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 subequal to 2 in length along dorsal

surface. Labrum as in Figure 672; (27) distal keel

moderately narrow, parallel-sided; (28) distal lateral projections well developed, triangular; (29)

most fimbrial setae narrowly rounded apically,

not sharply pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle narrowly obtuse;

(33) pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge narrowly rounded. (35)

Mesoscutal lip weakly bilobed, (36) moderately

elevated from pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of

propodeum about 0.88 the length of scutellum

and about 1.7 times the length of metanotum,

(41) slightly depressed centrally, (42) posterior

margin rounded; (43) propodeal triangle not defined laterally, evident medially as an inconspicuously V-shaped elevation without lateral

rims; (44) lateral carinae extending at most to

midpoint of posterior surface. (45) Tibial spur as

in Figure 17.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

strongly excavated, concave posteriorly, convex

anteriorly with median area sharply angulated

(Figure 154) or rounded (similar to Figure 115).

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely punctate below ocelli, punctures contiguous, becoming larger and less dense near antennae. (51)

Supraclypeal area polished; (52) punctures separated by 1-2 times their width, becoming impunctate centrally. (53) Clypeus obscurely granulate basally, apical half polished; (54) punctures

separated by their width or less basally, apical

third sparsely punctate with large impunctate

areas. (56) Mesoscutum moderately shiny; (57)

punctation as in Figure 675, punctures separated

by their width or less laterally and anteriorly,

much less dense centrally, punctures 2-3 times

their width apart. (58) Scutellum somewhat

sparsely punctate adjacent to median line, punctures 1-2 times their width apart. (63) Dorsal

surface of propodeum (Figure 674) striolate

laterally becoming finely ruguloso-striolate

medially, striae reaching posterior margin; (64)

surface alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I

moderately shiny; (66) punctation fine, dense,

punctures slightly less than their width apart.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane mostly hyaline, very obscurely pigmented in marginal cell.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head yellowish

white. (75) Pubescence of thorax yellowish white;

(76) mesoscutal hairs moderately dense and plumose. (77) Hind tibial hairs concolorous, pale

yellowish brown. (78) Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum I yellowish white, (79) basal hair
254 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

67

FIGURES 670-675.—Lasioglossum anhypops: 670, female head; 671, male head; 672, female

labrum; 673, male labrum; 674, female propodeum; 675, female mesoscutum.
NUMBER 429 255

bands of terga II-IV white. (80) Acarinarium

absent (Figure 85), elongate hairs scattered over

anterior surface of tergum I.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 6.7-8.5 mm (x = 7.5, n = 15); (2) wing

length 2.1-2.4 mm (x = 2.2, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 1.8-2.2 mm (x = 2.0, n = 15). (4)

Head as in Figure 671 (length/width ratio 0.87-

0.96; x = 0.93, n = 15). (5) Gena slightly wider

than eye, (6) moderately produced posteriorly.

(10) Clypeal surface shallowly depressed ventrally. Labrum as in Figure 673; (24) distal process absent; (25) basal area depressed medially;

(26) basal lateral depressions absent. (30) Mandible short, just reaching opposing clypeal angle.

(53) Clypeus polished; (54) punctures well

formed and dense basally, very fine and scattered

over apical two-thirds. (68) Clypeal maculation

present or absent. (69) Flagellum entirely dark.

(72) Tarsi dark, concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 676;

(82) hairs on sternum IV moderately elongate,

erect; (83) vestiture of sternum V mostly inconspicuous, with obscure median rosette of short

hairs and small patch of moderately short, erect

hairs near base.

FIGURE 676.—Lasioglossum anhypops, male sternal vestiture.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII similar to Figure 706; (85) sternum VIII with short, narrowly

rounded median process. Genitalia as in Figures

677-680; (86) gonobase moderately elongate;

(87) gonostylus moderately robust, narrowly

rounded apically; (89) retrorse membranous lobe

moderately slender; (90) volsella with prominent

lateral lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 681).—Nearly all females of L. anhypops have been collected from

May through October, with 82% of the records

coming from June and July, with a peak in late

June (northwestern records peak in early July).

One female was taken in Lee Vining, Mono

County, on 7 March 1933. The four female

records from October were from San Bernardino

and Shasta counties, California, and Whitman

County, Washington. Males have been taken

from July through September, with 56% of the

records from August.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Females (77): Hydrophyllaceae 21%; Ericaceae 10%; Salicaceae 9%;

Scrophulariaceae 9%. Males (64): Compositae

77%. Total: 141 in 21 families, 37 genera as

follows:

Achillae 19; Agastache 19; Apocynum 16; Arctostaphylos 89;

Aster 29, 6<J; Astragalus 19; Chrysopsis 66; Chrysothamnus 19,

1 Id; *Epilobium 26; Erigeron 26; Eriogonum 29, 26; *Erysimum 4(1)9; Geranium \6; Gutierrezia 56; Haplopappus 3<3;

Helenium 16; Horkelia 19; Iris 29; Juniperus 66; Lonicera 39;

Lupinus 19; Mentzelia 16; Montia 29; *Pentstemon 7(1)9;

*Phacelia 16(14)9; Phlox 29; Polemonium 19; PonUntilla 49,

76; Prunus 39; *Purshia 1(1)9; Ranunculus 19; *Ribes 4(2)9;

Rubus 19; Salix 79; Senecio 26; Solidago 106; *Taraxacum

1(1)9.

MITE ASSOCIATES.—Although females of L.

anhypops lack an acarinarium, a few females did

have hypopodes on the anterior surface of tergum I. These amounted to only 15 out of 613

specimens examined, or 2.7%. The mites were

attached to the tergal surface between the elongate hairs that cover tergum I. None of the 262

males of L. anhypops examined carried mites.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Paratypes (73$, 27(5).

CANADA. BRITISH COLUMBIA: Princeton, 4 mi W (Yale

Region), VI-3-1957, E.I. Schlinger (19; UCD).

UNITED STATES. CALIFORNIA: Alpine Co.: Carson Pass,
256 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

680

FIGURES 677-680.—Lasioglossum anhypops, male: 677, genitalia, ventral view; 678, same, dorsal

view; 679, same, lateral view; 680, gonostylus.

IX-1 1-38. M. Cazier (1$, AMNH); Hope Valley, VII-9-48,

one collected by P.D. Hurd, Jr., one by J.W. MacSwain (29,

UCB); Winnemuca Lake, VII-14-64, M. Irwin (1$; UCR).

El Dorado Co.: Meyers, VIM 1-1952, M.A. Gazier, W.

Gertsch. R. Schrammel (19; AMNH); State Line, IX-1-1963,

R.L. MacDonald (1<$; UCD). Fresno Co.: Kaiser Pass, VI-29-

1961. G.I. Stage, R.R. Snelling (19; LACM). Lassen Co.:

Bridge Cr.feek] Camp, VI1-9-49, W.H. Wade (19; UCB),

VII-14-54, G. Schaefers (19; UCB); Hat L.[ake], Lassen

Nat.[ionall Park, on Salix, VI-3-41, CD. Michener (29;

UCB); Susan R.fiver] Camp, VI I-10-49, D. Cox (19; UCB).

Mono Co.: Leavitt Meadows, VI-26-1937, ex. coll.fection]

M.A. Cazier (29; AMNH); Mammoth, Valentine R[a]nch

Reserve Sagebrush Site, on Purshia tridentata, 25 Jun 1971,

David Graves (19; CU); Rock Creek, VI-23-1937, ex.

collection] M.A. Cazier (19; AMNH); Sonora Pass, VI-27-

51, P.D. Ashlock (19; USNM), E side Sonora Pass, 9000',

VI-30-1961,J.G. Rozen (19; AMNH); Tom's Place, 1 mi W,

two on Chamaebatiaria millefolium, VIII-13-54, D.D. Linsdale (36; UCB); W[est] Walker R[iver], on Aster, Vi-25-1937,

CD. Michener (19; KU).

Nevada Co.: Hobart Mills, 1 mi S, on Chrysothamnus

viscidiflorus ssp. typicus, IX-1-57, E.G. Linsley (16; UCB);

Sagehen, near Hobart Mills, VI-25-54, R.C Blaylock (19;

UCD), VI-25-1966, P.B. Schultz (29; UCD), VI1-21-54,

R.M. Bohart (19; UCD), VIII-26-52, R.F. Smith (16; UCB);
100 r

50 -

A S O N

FIGURE 681.—Lasioglossum anhypops flight records.

Sagehen Creek, VI-25-1966, M.A. Chambers (1?; UCD),

VI-27-72, S.F. Casey (1?; UCD), IX-5-1968, R.M. Bohart

(1<5; UCD); Sagehen Creek, near Hobart Mills, VI-18-62,

R.J. Gill (19; UCD), VI-23-62, E.J. Montgomery (19; UCD),

VI-28-62, M.E. Irwin (29; UCD), VI-29-62, R.M. Bohart

(19; UCD), VII-1-1964, M.E. Irwin (19; UCD), VII-5-62,

M.E. Irwin (49; UCD); Truckee, 2 mi N, on Haplopappus

Bloomeri angustatus, IX-5-57, E.G. Linsley (1(5; UCB), 4 mi

N, on Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus ssp. typicus, IX-5-57, E.G.

Linsley (1<5; UCB). San Bernardino Co.: Barton Flat (S. Fork

Camp), 1, 2, 21, 24/9/44, A.L. Melander (46; UCR); Buff

Lake, 7-28-57, J.R. Northern (19; LACM); Camp O-ongo

(nr Running Springs, S.[an] Bdno.[Bernardino] Mts.), 8-12

Aug 1966, C.L. Hogue (26; LACM); Cedarpines, 1 mi W,

on Erysimum asperum, V-26-66, J.C. Hall (19; UCR); Fawnskin, 28 Jul 1961, G.C. Eickwort (5c5; MSUEL), 29Jul 1961,

G.C. Eickwort (19; MSUEL); Lake Arrowhead, VIII-1-64,

E.I. Schlinger (19; UCR); Sta.[Santa] Ana (S. Fork), 31 Jul

42, A.L. Melander (26, UCR), Sta.[Santa] Ana (S.

Fks[Forks?]), 16/6/45 (1), 17/6/45 (1), 18/6/45 (2), 19/6/

45 (1), A.L. Melander (59; UCR), Sta.[Santa] Ana Riv.[er],

(Up), 5-IX-53, A.L. Melander, A.L. Melander Collection

(19; USNM), 16/9/48, A.L. Melander (16; UCR).

San Mateo Co.: Portola, Corn.[ell] Univ.[ersity]

Expedition], Lot 542, Sub, IX-5-1917, R.C. Shannon (19;

CU). Sierra Co.: Independence, VII-20-54, R.C. Blaylock

(19; UCD); Webber Lake, VII-2-59.J.M. Linsley (19; UCB);

Yuba Pass, VII-8-1952, M. Cazier, W. Gertsch, R. Schrammel (19; AMNH). Tuolumne Co.: Strawberry, Vi-21-1957,

Donald L. Flaherty (19; UCR), VI-22-1957, W.T. Crites(29,

257

UCD), VI-23-51, S.M. Kappos (19, UCD), VIII-28-60, E.

Jessen (1(5; UCB). County not specified: Carnelian Bay (Lake

Tahoe), V1-24-54, R.C. Blaylock (19; UCD); Fish Camp,

VII-14-1948, H.M.G. & D. Townes (19, KU); Lake Tahoe.

21-6-53, A.L. Melander, A.L. Melander collection (19;

USNM); Porcupine Flat, Yo.[semite] P[ar]k, VIII-3-62, R.

6 K. Dreisbach (19; MSUEL); Riverton, VI-28-1961, M.E.

Irwin (19; UCD); Yoseniite Park, Glac.[ier] P[oin]t. Road, 1-

VII-47, A.L. Melander (19; UCR). IDAHO: [Franklin Co.:]

Giveout, 6700 ft alt., About 42°24'N, 111° 10'W, F 4740,

7 Jul 1920(19; AMNH).

MONTANA: Carbon Co.: E.[ast] Rosebud Cyn.[Canyon],

5700', 30Jun 1966, B. & C. Durden (19; AMNH). RavfalliJ

Co.: Skalkaho Pass, 24 Jul 1949, C.B. Philip, McDermott

(19; KU). OREGON: Bonner Co.: Sandpoint, VI-21-1955,

R.M. Bohart (19; UCD). Deschutes Co.: Paulina Lake,

elev.[ation] 6300 feet, 14 Jul 1962, R.W. Matthews (1), G.C.

Eickwort (2), R.L. Fischer (1) (49; MSUEL); Sisters, VI-24-

1954, J.C. Downey (19; UCD). Hood River Co.: Mt. Hood, 7-

18-31, M.W. Sanderson (19; KU). Lake Co.: Middle Fork [of]

Crooked Creek (Warner Mts.), VIII-3-1968, R.F. Denno,

D.R. Miller (3(5; UCD); Silver Lake, 12 mi SW, 15 Jul 1962,

G.C. Eickwort (19; MSUEL). Lane Co.: Oakridge, 10 mi NE,

15 Jul 1959, G.C. Kettunen (29; MSUEL). Linn Co.: Upper

Soda, 6 mi E (Iron Mt), Elev.[ation] 5000 feet, 18 Jul 1962,

G.C. Eickworth (19; MSUEL).

Additional localities recorded (775 specimens,

540$, 2356\

CANADA. BRITISH COLUMBIA: Bamberton Provincal

Park (3 mi S Mill City, Vancouver Island), Creston, Fish

Lake (Summerland), Fitzgerald, Oliver, Robson, Saanich,

Salmon Arm, Vancouver Island, Victoria.

UNITED STATES. CALIFORNIA: Alameda Co.: Berkeley;

Alpine Co.; Calaveras Co.: Camp Wolfboro, Dorrington, 8 mi

NE; Eldorado Co.; Fresno Co.; Inyo Co.: Whitney Portal; Kern

Co.: Mt. Pinos; Lassen Co.; Los Angeles Co.: Crystal Lake, San

Gabriel Mts. (Blue Ridge); Madera Co.: meadow near locked

gate on road to Mark Mine, SE slope Green Mt.; Mariposa

Co.: Miami Ranger Station; Modoc Co.; Mono Co.; Nevada Co.;

Placer Co.; Plumas Co.; San Bernardino Co.; Santa Cruz Co.:

Bear Valley, Santa Cruz Mts., Big Basin; Shasta Co.; Siskiyou

Co.; Sierra Co.; Stanislaus Co.: Evergreen Road, 3.2 mi W

Hwy 120; Tehama Co.: Government Flat; Trinity Co.: Big Flat

(Coffee Creek), Fawn Lodge; Tulare Co.; Tuolumne Co.;

Ventura Co.: Mt. Pinos. IDAHO: Boise Co.: Bannock Creek (5

mi SE Idaho City); Bonner Co.: Sandpoint, 7-8 mi E; Franklin

Co.: Cub River Canyon, Willow Flat; Idaho Co.: Grangeville

(Moose Creek Ranger Station); Shoshone Co.: Avery, 4 mi N;

Valley Co.: Cascade, 7.4 mi E.

MONTANA: Carbon Co.: East Rosebud Lake; Fergus Co.:

Lewiston, 15 mi SSW; Gallatin Co.: West Yellowstone; Granite Co.: Clinton, 16 mi S. NEVADA. Douglas Co.: Carson City;

Washoe Co.: Mt. Rose. OREGON. Baker Co.: Big Creek (26 mi

SE Union), Cornucopia; Boise Co.: Garden Valley, 3 mi NE;
258 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Deschutes Co.: Bend (10 mi W), Three Creeks Meadow (15

mi S Sisters); Grant Co.: Dixie Butte, Strawberry Mt.; Hartley

Co.: Antelope Butte; Hood River Co.: Government Camp,

Mt. Hood (including Cloud Cap Inn, Cooper's Spur, Homestead Inn); Jackson Co.: Mt. Ashland; Klamath Co; Marion

Co.: Silver Creek Park; Union Co.: Ladd Canyon (14 mi S La

Grande), Union, 26 mi SE (Lower Lick Creek), 28 mi SE

(Upper Lick Creek), 36 mi SE (Lower Goose Creek); Wallowa

Co.: Tollgate, 20 mi N. UTAH. Box Elder Co.: Willard, Willard

Peak; Cache Co.: Logan Canyon, Mantua (10 mi S), Tony

Grove Canyon. WASHINGTON. Asotin Co.: Fields' Spring State

Park; Pierce Co.: Mt. Rainier; Whitman Co.: Pullman. WYOMING. Fremont Co.: Lander, 11 mi S (Frye Lake), 28 mi SW

(Louis Lake); Lincoln Co.: Smoot, 12 mi SE; Sheridan Co.:

Mts. near Sheridan; Teton Co.: Jackson Hole, Jenny Lake.

45. Lasioglossm egregium (Vachal), new

combination

FIGURES 31, 63, 682-694

Halictus egregius Vachal, 1904:476 [female].—Cockerell,

1905a:90 [key].—Crawford, 1906:303 [comparison to H.

trizonatus].—Michener, 1951:1107 [synonymy with L. trizonatum}.—Moure and Hurd, in press [lectotype designation].

TYPE MATERIAL.—The type material of L.

egregium is deposited in the Naturhistorisches

Museum, Vienna. Moure labeled one of Vachal's

two females the lectotype in 1958 and has recently published this designation (Moure and

Hurd, 1986). The lectotype is labeled

Brit.[ish] Columbia] Yale 189[year not indicatedj/egregius

det. J. Vachal [handwritten by Vachal?]/H.[alictus] 9 egregius Vach[al] [handwritten by Vachal?]/Lectotype egregius

9 Vachfal] determined by] J.S. Moure 1958 [handwritten

by Moure].

The specimen is missing the right rear wing

but is otherwise in excellent condition and clearly

shows the diagnostic straight lateral edge of tergum II (Figure 63). I have attached a yellow

paralectotype label to Vachal's other type specimen.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 682).—Lasioglossum

egregium has been collected in British Columbia,

Alberta, Manitoba, and every American state

west of the 104th meridian.

DIAGNOSIS.—Females of L. egregium can be

FIGURE 682.—Distribution of Lasioglossum egregium.

recognized by the straight lateral edge of tergum

II (Figure 63). Males have elongate heads (Figure

684, length/width ratio x = 0.98, n = 15) and

extremely elongate, erect lateral hair tufts on

sternum V (Figure 687). The lateral hair tufts

on sternum V are as long as those on the preceeding segment and together form a continuous, uninterrupted hair fringe. Other males occurring in western United States and Canada

that have erect lateral hair tufts on sternum V

are L. mellipes, which have yellowish orange hind

tarsi, certain L. trizonatum males that have antennal tyli (Figure 714) and noticeably shorter hairs

on sternum V than on IV, and L. athabascense,

which have a shorter head (Figure 289, length/

width ratio x = 0.95, n = 20) and a rounded

clypeal surface (clypeal surface flat in L. ergregium).

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: AS described for L.

anhypops except as follows: (1) Length 8.8-10.8
NUMBER 429 259

mm (x = 9.7, n = 15); (2) wing length 2.6-3.2

mm (x = 3.0, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 2.8-

3.3 mm (x = 3.0, n = 15).

Structure: (4) Head elongate (Figure 683;

length/width ratio 0.92-1.0, x = 0.96, n = 15).

(9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.88 of its

length below lower margin of eyes.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II virtually straight (Figure 63).

Vestiture: (75) Pubescence of thorax mostly

yellowish white, white on pronotal lateral angle,

pronotal lobe and metanotum. (80) Acarinarium

present (Figure 693), a moderately large glabrous area at base of tergum I, surrounded laterally by elongate fringe hairs, which lack a

sharply delimited border; acarinarial surface

often with some scattered hairs; dorsal opening

of acarinarium moderately wide, not sharply delimited, width slightly less than width of lateral

hair fringe as seen in dorsal view.

FIGURES 683-686.—Lasioglossum egregium: 683, female head; 684, male head; 685, female

labrum; 686, male labrum.
260 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

MALE: AS described for L. anhypops except as

follows: (1) length 7.2-9.8 mm (x = 7.9, n = 15);

(2) wing length 2.2-2.7 mm (x = 2.5, n = 15);

(3) abdominal width 1.8-27.7 mm (x = 2.1, n =

15). (4) Head elongate (Figure 684); length/

width ratio 0.92-1.0 (x = 0.98, n = 15). (68)

Clypeal maculation present.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 687;

(82) hairs on sternum IV erect, moderately elongate medially, gradually becoming longer laterally, forming conspicuous lateral erect hair

tufts; (83) vestiture of sternum V similar to that

of sternum IV (median hairs on sternum IV

shorter than those on V).

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 694).—Females of

L. egregium have been collected in every month

from February through November, with 65% of

the records coming from June and July, with a

peak in late June. Males have been taken from

April to October, with 73% of the records from

August and September.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Females (116): Scrophulariaceae 21%; Compositae 18%; Rosaceae 10%.

Males (44): Compositae 93%. Total: 160 in 20

families, 47 genera as follows:

Apocynum 19; Arctium 16; Arctostaphylos 29; Aster 1?, 23<5 (15

labeled Aster and Grindelia); *Baccharis 1(1)9; Barbarea 19;

Beloperone 19, *Brassica 1(1)9; Carduus \6; Centaurea 3(5;

FIGURE 687.—Lasioglossum egregium, male sternal vestiture.

Chrysothamnus 29, 26; Cirsium 16; *Clarkia 2(2)9; *Erigeron

10(9)9, 1<5; *Eriodictyon 3(3)9, 1(5; Eriogonum 19; Erysimum

19; *Gilia 1(1)9; Grindelia 1(5; Gutierrezia 4c3; *Hackelia 1(1)9;

Haplopappus \6; Hymenoxys 49; Hyptis 19; Iris 16; Isomeris

39; *Lepidum 7(7)9; Lotus 19; Marrubium 29; Melilotus 79;

*Oenothera 1(1)9; Pastinaca 19; *Penstemon 21(8)9; *Phacelia

5(4)9; *Physocarpus 8(8)9; *Polemonium 2(2)9; Pontentilla 19;

1(3; *Prunus 2(2)9; *Rhus 1(1)9; Ribes 19; *Rosa 1(1)9; *Salix

9(1)9; Scrophularia 39; *Senecio 1(1)9; 3(5; Sisymbrium 19;

Stenotopsis 29; Trifolium 29.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—894 (686$, 2086).

CANADA. ALBERTA: Banff. BRITISH COLUMBIA: Agassiz,

Harrison Mills, Lillooet (Seton Lake), Nanaimo, Oliver, 7

mi N, Osoyoos, Robson (Waldie Road), Salmon Arm, Vernon. SASKATCHEWAN: Saskatoon.

UNITED STATES. ARIZONA: Apache Co.: Alpine; Cochise

Co.: Bear Wallow, Sta. Catalina Mts.; Coconino Co.; Gila Co.:

Globe; Mojave Co.: Hualapai Mts.; Navajo Co.: Navajo Mt.;

Pima Co.: Sta. Catalina Mts., Marshall Gulch. CALIFORNIA:

Alameda Co.: Arroya Mocha; Alpine Co.; Del Norte Co.: Gasquet; El Dorado Co.; Fresno Co.; Humboldt Co.: Shelter Cove;

Inyo Co.; Kern Co.; Los Angeles Co.; Madera Co.: Ediza Lake,

SE Slope Green Mt., meadow near locked gate on road to

Mark Mine, first mine prospect above Willow Meadow;

Mariposa Co.: Lake Tenaya (Yosemite National Park); Modoc

Co.: Buck Creek Ranger Station; Mono Co.: Monterey Co.;

Nevada Co.: Boca, Donners Summit; Placer Co.: G. Alpine

Creek, Tahoe; Riverside Co.; San Benito Co.; San Bernardino

Co.; San Diego Co.: Mt. Laguna, Pine Valley; San Luis Obispo

Co.: La Panza Camp, Santa Margarita, 5 mi NE; Santa Clara

Co.: Pacheco Pass; Shasta Co.: Hat Creek; Sierra Co.: Yuba

Pass; Siskiyou Co.: Castle Lake, Lava Beds National Monument (Cave Loop Road), Poker Flat (21 mi NW Happy

Camp); Tehama Co.: Deer Creek; Tuolumne Co.: Chipmunk

Flat, Emigrant Lake, Strawberry Lake; Ventura Co.: Grade

Valley (9 mi SW Stauffer P.O.), Lockwood Valley (near

Stuaffer P.O.), Quatal Canyon (NE part of county).

COLORADO: Archuleta Co.: Chimney Rock, Piedra; Boulder

Co.; Chaffee Co.: Monarch Pass (2 mi W Garfield), Salida;

Clear Creek Co.: Idaho Springs; Costilla Co.: Ft. Garland, 12

mi NE; Delta Co.: Paonia; Denver Co.: Denver; Douglas Co.:

Franktown, 5 mi SSW; El Paso Co.: Foster Ranch, Garden

of Gods, Manitou Park, Pike's Peak; Fremont Co.: Coaldale,

4 mi S, 5 mi S, 5 mi SW (Hayden Creek Campground);

Garfield Co.: Douglas Pass (2.5 mi N), Rifle, White River

Forest (10 mi NE Glenwood Springs); Gilpin Co.: Rollinsville,

1 mi N; Grand Co.: Hot Sulfur Springs (2 mi E), Kremmling;

Gunnison Co.: Cement Creek Road, Crested Butte, 15 mi SE

Jack's Cabin Cutoff Road; Huerfano Co.: North LaVeta Pass,

8 mi E; Jefferson Co.: Eldorado (1 mi S), Morrison, Plainveiw

(13 mi N Golden); La Plata Co.: Durango; Larimer Co.; Las

Animas Co.: Starkville; Mesa Co.: Grand Mesa (Land's End

Road); Mineral Co.: South Fork Rio Grande River, 8 mi
NUMBER 429 261

692

FIGURES 688-693.—Lasioglossum egregium: 688, male genitalia, ventral view; 689, same, dorsal

view; 690, same, lateral view; 691, male gonostylus; 692, male sterna VII-VIII; 693, female

acarinarium at base of tergum I.
FMAM J JASO N

FIGURE 694.—Lasioglossum egregium flight records.

N W; Moffat Co.: Harper Corner; Montezuma Co.: Mesa Verde

National Park; Montrose Co.: Buckeye Reservoir, Gunnison

River Portal; Rio Grande Co.: South Fork, 3 mi W; Routt Co.:

Phippsburg, 3 mi E; Saguache Co.: Cochetopa Creek; Teller

Co.: Florissant Fossil Beds, Pike's Peak Halfway House.

IDAHO: Butte Co.: Craters of the Moon National Park;

Bonneville Co.: Selander Park (10.5 mi SW Idaho Falls);

(luster Co.: Herd Creek at East Fork Salmon River, Morgan

Creek, Stanley (20-25 mi NE); Elmore Co.: Tollgate; Franklin Co.: Cub River Canyon, Preston, 28 mi E; Fremont Co.:

Island Park, Ripley Butte; Idaho Co.: Harpster Grade; Kootenai Co.: Athol, Chilco, Coeur d'Alene; Latah Co.: Potlatch,

Troy, 6 mi S; Lemhi Co.; Nez Perce Co.: Coyote Grade,

Lewiston, Nez Perce, 10 mi N; Oneida Co.: Black Pine

Canyon; (hvyhee Co.: Indian Hot Springs, Jump Creek (10 mi

N Homedale), Murphy Hot Springs. MONTANA: Broadwater

Co.: Townsend, 14 mi E; Carbon Co.: East Rosebud Canyon,

Roscoe, 3 mi SE; Gallatin Co.: Bozeman (15 mi S, 20 mi

SW), Squaw Creek; Glacier Co.: Lake St. Mary; Lake Co.:

Elmo; Lewis and Clark Co.: Helena, 10 mi N; Missoula Co.:

Missoula; Musselshell Co.: NEVADA: Clark Co.; Douglas Co.:

Valley Hot Springs; Elko Co.: Lamoille; Esmerelda Co.: Lida;

Humboldt Co.: Santa Rosa Range; Storey Co.: Virginia City;

White Pine Co.: Baker (7 mi W), Snake Creek. NEW MEXICO:

Catron Co.: Bui sum Camp (18 mi E Alma), Mogollon, 2 mi

E; Colfax Co.: Cimarron Canyon, Ute Park, 2 mi W; Grant

Co.: Silver City, 13-14 mi N (McMillan Camp); Sandoval Co.:

Jemez Springs; Santa Fe Co.: Little Tesuque Canyon, vicinity

Santa Fe, Santa F> Canyon, Santa F"e; Socorro Co.: Magdalena.

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

NORTH DAKOTA: Slope Co.: Burning coal vein. OREGON.

Baker Co.: Cornucopia, Union, 24 mi SE (Upper Goose

Creek), 36 mi SE (Lower Goose Creek); Benton Co.: Corvallis;

Lake Co.: Antelope Butte, Middle Fork Crooked Creek,

Warner Mts.; Linn Co.: High Cascade Mts, Marion Forks;

Union Co.: La Grande, Union, 28 mi SE (Upper Lick Creek);

Wallowa Co.: Elgin (8 mi W), Hat Point, Wallowa Lake State

Park (6 mi S Enterprise); Wheeler Co.: Mitchell, 1 mi E.

SOUTH DAKOTA. Custer Co.: Custer State Park; Fall River

Co.: Edgemont, Hot Springs; Lawrence Co.: Spearfish, 15 mi

SSW.

UTAH: Beaver Co.: Beaver, Kent's Lake; Cache Co.; Carbon

Co.: Helper; Daggett Co.: Pipe Creek; Duchesne Co.: North

Fork Duchesne River; Garfield Co.: Bryce Canyon National

Park; Grand Co.; Iron Co.: Buckskin VaWey; Juab Co.: IbapahCallao Pass, Mt. Nebo; Summit Co.: Kamas, Riley Canyon,

Wanship; Tooele Co.: South Willow Canyon (Stansbury Mts.),

Tooele; Uinta Co.: Long Lake Reservoir, Route 44; Utah Co.:

Provo; Washington Co.: Upper Deep Creek, Zion Canyon;

Weber Co.: Farmington Canyon, Ogden. WASHINGTON. Mason Co.: Lake Cushman; Okanogan Co.: Omak; Pend Oreille

Co.: Newport; Spokane Co.: Spokane; Whitman Co.: Pullman,

Wawawai. WYOMING. Albany Co.: Laramie (8 mi SSE), Medicine Bow National Forest (Curtis Gulch Campground); Fremont Co.: Lander, 8.5 mi SW (Sinks Canyon); Park Co.:

Muddy Creek, 1 mi S (Clark's Fork River), Sunlight Basin,

north of Cody; Teton Co.; Weston Co.: Newcastle, 6 mi NW,

22 mi W.

46. Lasioglossum mellipes (Crawford)

FIGURES 40, 61, 695-707

Halictus mellipes Crawford, 1907:190 [female].—Cockerell,

1941:343 [locality records, possible taxonomic status].

Lasioglossum mellipes.—Michener, 1951:1107 [Nearctic catalog].—Moldenke and Neff, 1974:52 [locality and flower

records].—Hurd, 1979:1957 [Nearctic catalog].—Hurd

et al., 1980:28, 65 [flower records].

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype of L.

mellipes is in the National Museum of Natural

History, Smithsonian Institution. The specimen

is in excellent condition and is labeled

Mts. [Mountains] near Claremont [Los Angeles County]

California] Baker/[collected from] Ribes [handwritten/

5051 [handwritten]/? Type No. 12036 U.S.N.M. [red label/

Halictus mellipes ? Type Cwfd [Crawford] [handwritten].

DISTRIBUTION (Figures 695, 696).—Lasioglossum mellipes occurs from Vancouver Island

through Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and California to San Diego County. Michener (1951)
NUMBER 429 263

FIGURES 695, 696.—Distribution of Lasioglossum mellipes. Left: 695, females. /f^A/: 696, males,

short-haired forms (circle) and long-haired forms (triangle); see text for details.

reported this species from Baja California and

this record has been restated by Hurd (1979)

and Hurd et al. (1980). Although the occurrence

of L. mellipes in Mexico is likely, I have not seen

any specimens of this species taken south of the

Mexican border.

DIAGNOSIS.—The characteristically sinuate

lateral edge of tergum II (Figure 61), presence

of an acarinarium on the anterior surface of

tergum I (similar to Figure 693), and the yellowish orange mid and hind tarsi of most specimens

will separate females of L. mellipes from other

Lasioglossum species. Leg color appears to vary

clinally with specimens from Oregon and Washington having entirely dark legs and those from

San Bernardino and Los Angeles counties in

California (the type-locality of L. mellipes) with

pale mid tarsi, hind tarsi and hind tibiae. The

hind tibiae of specimens from more northern

California counties are mostly darkly pigmented

with high levels of variation in color pattern

occurring. Leg color also varies in the females of

L. anhypops, but their lack of an acarinarium and

their strongly excavated tergal II edge (Figure

154) will distinguish them from L. mellipes.

Males of L. mellipes can be recognized by their

yellowish orange tarsi. As mentioned in the introductory remarks to the trizonatum group, the

vestiture of sternum V is highly variable, with

that of one male form having elongate, erect

lateral hair tufts (Figure 701) and another having

a conspicuous median rosette of erect hairs (Figure 702), with apparent intermediates occurring

along the central California coastline. Other Lasioglossum males having pale legs in western

United States are L. lampronotum and L. titusi,

both of which have conspicuously short heads

(Figures 487, 633); L. channelense, known only

from the California Channel Islands and having

a virtually complete pronotal lateral carina (obviously interrupted in the trizonatum males) and

a very wide gena that exceeds the width of the

compound eye as seen in lateral view (subequal

in trizonatum males); and males of L. paraforbesii,
264 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 697-700.—Lasioglossum mellipes: 697, female head; 698, male head; 699, female

labrum; 700, male labrum.

which lack a conspicuous hair pattern on sternum

V (Figure 416) and occur west only to Idaho and

Utah (Figure 406).

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: AS described for L.

anhypops except as follows: (1) Length 8.7—10.3

mm (x = 9.5, n = 15); (2) wing length 2.6-3.0

mm (x = 2.8, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 2.7-

3.0mm(x = 3.0, n = 15).

Structure: (4) Head moderately elongate to

elongate (Figure 697; length/width ratio 0.88-

1.0, x = 0.93, n = 15). (9) Clypeus projecting

approximately 0.94 of its length below lower

margin of eyes.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

evenly sinuate (Figure 61).

Sculpture: (51) Supraclypeal area mostly polished, obscurely granulate laterally (52) punctures separated by their width or less basally, less

dense centrally, punctures separated by 1-2

times their width. (53) Clypeus polished; (54)

punctation nearly uniform basally, punctures

separated by their width or less, apical one-third

virtually impunctate. (63) Dorsal surface of propodeum finely striolate only over basal half, posterior half relatively smooth with obscure rugulae.
NUMBER 429 265

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane light yellowish brown, pigmentation moderately heavy at

base of marginal cell, membrane becoming

clearer towards apex. (72) Unlike most species,

many specimens with mid and hind tarsi and in

some specimens hind tibiae yellowish orange (see

above diagnosis).

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head pale yellowish brown. (75) Pubescence of thorax mostly

pale yellowish brown, white on pronotal lateral

angle, pronotal lobe and metanotum. (78) Anterior hairs on metasomal tergum I pale yellowish

brown. (80) Acarinarium present (similar to Figure 693), a large glabrous area at base of tergum

I, surrounded laterally by elongate fringe hairs

that lack a sharply delimited border; opening of

acarinarium moderately wide, not sharply delimited, width subequal to width of lateral hair

fringe as seen in dorsal view.

MALE: AS described for L. anhypops except as

follows: (1) length 7.8-9.2 mm (x = 8.4, n = 27);

(2) wing length 2.3-2.9 mm (x = 2.5, n = 27);

(3) abdominal width 2.0-2.7 mm (x = 2.2, n =

27). (4) Head as in Figure 698 (length/width

ratio 0.87-1.0, x = 0.96, n = 27). (68) Clypeal

maculation present. (69) Flagellum yellowish orange ventrally, contrasting with dark dorsum.

(72) Tarsi yellowish orange, contrasting with

dark tibiae.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figures 701,

702; (82) hairs on sternum IV moderately elongate, erect; (83) vestiture of sternum V variable,

median rosette of erect hairs present (sometimes

conspicuously developed), hairs laterad of rosette

short, inconspicuous or gradually becoming

longer and noticeable towards lateral margin of

sternum (see "Diagnosis" section).

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 707).—Females of

L. mellipes have been taken in all months except

November and January. Most specimens have

been taken in late June, with 73% of the records

coming from May through July. The two females

taken in October were from Alameda County,

California, and Harney County, Oregon. The

female taken in December was also from Alameda County. Males of L. mellipes have been

collected from late April through September,

with most records from early July. There does

not appear to be a significant difference in the

flight periods of the two forms of L. mellipes

701 702 f

FIGURES 701, 702-—Lasioglossum mellipes, male sternal vestiture: 701, long-haired form; 702,

short-haired form.
266 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 703-706.—Lasioglossum mellipes, male: 703, genitalia, ventral view; 704, same, dorsal

view; 705, same, lateral view; 706, sterna VII-VIII.

males other than that the males with short hairs

on sternum V possibly fly later than the males

with long sternal hairs, reflecting the occurrence

of the former form in the Sierra Nevada of

California.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Females (108): Scrophulariaceae 23%; Compositae 10%; Cruciferae 8%;

Ranunculaceae 7%. Males (12): Compositae

58%. Total: 120 in 26 families, 43 genera as

follows:

Apocynum 16; Aralia \6; Arctostaphylos 49; Asclepias 19; Asculus 19: Baccharis 19; *Brassica 9(7)9; *Calochortus 3(2)9;

*Ceanothus 1(1)9: *l.hamaebatia 5(5)9; Chrysothamnus 59;

*Cirsium 1(1)9; *Convolvulus 1(1)9; Cryptantha 39; Encelia

19; Eriodictyon 19; Eriophyllum 19; Gilia 19; Grindelia 19; 46;

Gutierrezia 16; Haplopappus 19; Horkelia 19; Hyptis 19; Lomatium 19; Lupinus 19; Montia 19; Nama 16; *Penstemon 5(1)9;

Phacelia 59; Quercus 19; Ranunculus 89; Rhododendron 89;

Rhus 19; Ribes 39; *Salix 3(1)9; Salvia 19; *Scrophularia

19(3)9; Senecio 26; Sisyrinchium 19; Solanum 49; Symphoricarpus 26; Trifolium 29; Verbascum 19.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—5499.

CANADA. BRITISH COLUMBIA: Gabriola Island, Nanaimo

Biological Station, Rocky Point.

MEXICO. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Sierra San Pedro Martin (3 mi

S Encinas).

UNITED STATES. CALIFORNIA: Alameda Co.; Amador Co.:
NUMBER 429 267

5

FMAMJJASON D

FIGURE 707.—Lasioglossum mellipes flight records.

Volcano; Butte Co.: East End Pentz Road, Province Creek,

West Branch Feather River (2 mi S Stirling); Calaveras Co.:

4 mi S Railway Co.; Colusa Co.: Stonyford, 12 mi W; Contra

Costa Co.: Briones Hills, Lafayette, Orinda, 4 mi NE (Russell

Property), Richmond Point (San Pablo); El Dorado Co.;

Fresno Co.: Florence Lake, Huntington Lake, Sulpher

Meadow (Shaver Lake), Watts Valley; Glenn Co.: Plaskett

Meadows; Humboldt Co.; Inyo Co.: Independence, North Fork

Bishop Creek; Kern Co.: Alder Creek Public Campground,

Alta Sierra (5 mi E), Glenville; Lake Co.: North Fork Cache

Creek (Hwy 20), Pillsbury Lake; Lassen Co.: Bridge Creek

Camp; Los Angeles Co.; Madera Co.: Big Creek at Boggy

Meadow (4.75 air mi ESE Fish Camp); Marin Co.; Mariposa

Co.: Mariposa, Pleasant Valley, Soap Creek; Mendocino Co.;

Modoc Co.: Alturas (20 mi N), Cedar Pass, Davis Creek (5 mi

N); Monterey Co.; Napa Co.: Pipe Valley, Samuel Spring;

Nevada Co.: Alta, Boca, Camp Arcade, Lake Spaulding,

Sagehen near Hobart Mills; Orange Co.: Back Bay, Silverado

Canyon; Placer Co.: Auburn (8 mi E), Forest Hill (13 mi E),

Great Alpine Creek, Lake Forest (Lake Tahoe); Plumas Co.;

Riverside Co.; Sacramento Co.: Citrus Heights; San Bernardino

Co.; San Diego Co.; San Joaquin Co.: Stockton; San Francisco

Co.: San Francisco; San Luis Obispo Co.: San Luis Obispo;

San Mateo Co.; Santa Barbara Co.: Cachuma Campground

(Los Padres National Forest), San Co.: The Geysers, Gualala

(3 mi S), Mesa Grande, Plantation (4 mi W), Santa Rosa;

Tehama Co.: Government Flat, Lassen National Forest (Lost

Creek); Trinity Co.; Tulare Co.; Tuolumne Co.; Ventura Co.:

Mt. Pinos; Yolo Co.: Davis, Putah Canyon, Rumsey; Yuba Co.:

Challenge, Sierra Foothill Field Station (5 mi N Smartville),

Sly Creek Reservoir.

IDAHO: Valley Co.: Donnelly. OREGON: Benton Co.: Corvallis; Clackamas Co.: Colton; Harney Co.: Fish Lake (Steen Mts.);

Hood River Co.: Odell; Jackson Co.; Jefferson Co.: Warm

Springs; Josephine Co.: Grant's Pass, 11 mi N; Klamath Co.:

Eagle Ridge; Linn Co.: Roving River Fish Hatchery, Trout

Creek Camp (S Santiam Pass); Marion Co.: Marion, Salem;

Wasco Co.: The Dalles; Yamhill Co.: Yamhill. WASHINGTON:

Island Co.: Coupeville; King Co.: Seattle; Kittitas Co.: Cliffdell.

Because of the variability in male sternal vestiture

and the possibility that two species are involved,

male records are divided to show the approximate pattern of sternal variation. Intermediate

forms from coastal central California are not

indicated in the following listing of 35 males with

elongate, erect lateral hair tufts on sternum V.

CALIFORNIA: Alameda Co.: Alameda foothills, Berkeley; Contra Costa Co.: Mt. Diablo State Park; Humboldt Co.: Willow

Creek; Los Angeles Co.: Arroyo Seco, Tanbark Flat; Marin

Co.: Bolinas, Mill Valley; Mendocino Co.: U.C. Hopland Field;

San Bernardino Co.: Dollar Lake Trail (San Bernardino Mts.),

Lake Arrowhead; San Diego Co.; San Mateo Co.: Menlo Park,

Sierra Morena; Santa Clara Co.; Santa Cruz Co.: Mt. Harmon,

Santa Cruz (Big Trees); Sonoma Co.: Cloverdale, 2.5 mi NW.

The following listing is comprised of 66 males

with median rosette of hairs on sternum V.

CALIFORNIA: Alameda Co.: Alameda foothills, Berkeley, Piedmont, Redwood Regional Park (East Ridge Trail); Amador

Co.: lone, 5 mi W (Highway 104); Colusa Co.: Sycamore;

Contra Costa Co.: Point Richmond, San Pablo Point, San

Pablo Reservoir, Wildcat Canyon; Eldorado Co.: Fallen Leaf,

Placerville, 10 mi N; Fresno Co.: Watts Valley; Glenn Co.:

Plaskett Meadows; Madera Co.: Sugar Pine; Marin Co.: Inverness, McClure's Beach, Pt. Reyes; Mariposa Co.: Summerdale Campground (Sierra National Forest); Modoc Co.: Upper Rush Creek Campground (10 mi S Canby); Placer Co.:

Weimar; Plumas Co.: Antelope Valley, Quincy, 4 mi W; San

Francisco: San Francisco; San Luis Obispo Co.: Pico Creek;

San Mateo Co.: Menlo Park, Pomponio State Park, San Bruno

Mts.; Santa Cruz Co.: Mission Springs; Shasta Co.: Clayton,

French Gulch, 5 mi N; Sonoma Co.: Bodega Bay; Trinity Co.:

Big Bar, 3 mi NW; Tulare Co.: Milo (15 mi W Mineral King),

Three Rivers; Tuolumne Co.: Strawberry, Twain-Harte. OREGON. Jackson Co.: Colestin, Gold Hill; Josephine Co.: Oregon

Caves; Klamath Co.: Dairy, 10 mi E. WASHINGTON. Kittitas

Co.

47. Lasioglossum trizonatum (Cresson)

FIGURES 57, 708-718

Halictus trizonatus Cresson, 1874:101 [female].—Dalla

Torre, 1896:87 [World catalog].—Crawford, 1906:303
268 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

[locality record, taxonomic notes].—Cockerell, 1906:293

[locality and taxonomic notes]; 1908:120 [locality and

flower records].

Lasioglossum trizonatum.—Michener, 1951:1107 [Nearctic

catalog].—Linsley et ah, 1963:42 [locality and flower

records].—Moldenke and NefT, 1974:59 [flower records].— Hurd, 1979:1598 [Nearctic catalog].

TYPE MATERIAL.—In a review of his types,

Cresson (1916) indicated that the female holotype of Halictus trizonatus could not be located.

A recent search for this specimen was also unsuccessful. Because of the taxonomic confusion concerning forms in the trizonatum group, it is

necessary to stabilize the use of this name by

designating a neotype. Cresson's description was

generalized and does not clearly indicate which

trizonatum form he had before him. However, he

does mention that the specimen was from Nevada (unspecified locality) and that it had black

legs. Both the locality and leg color indicate that

Cresson did not have a specimen of L. anhypops

or L. mellipes. Lasioglossum egregium occurs in

Nevada and has black legs; however, this name

is stabilized by the availability of Vachal's type

material. I therefore choose as a neotype for L.

trizonatum a specimen, also from Nevada, that is

representative of a widespread trizonatum form

with black legs that is in need of a stabilized name

(see introductory remarks for the trizonatum

group and following diagnosis for comparison to

other trizonatum forms). The neotype is the property of the California Insect Survey, University

of California, Berkeley, but is on loan deposit to

the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco. The specimen is in good condition and is

labeled

Nev[ada]:EldoCo.[unty], Eslope, Spruce Mtn.[Mountain] VI

[June]-26-[19]56/W.C. Russell Collector/NEOTYPE Halictus trizonatus Cresson designated by] R.J. McGinley [handwritten on red label].

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 708).—Lasioglossum trizonatum has been collected in British Columbia

(including Moresby Island), Alberta, and Manitoba and is widespread in western United States.

In California it is found only along the eastern

border of the Sierra Nevada and is very common

FIGURE 708.—Distribution of Lasioglossum trizonatum: females with lateral edge of tergum II strongly sinuate (circle),

females with edge moderately sinuate (triangle), males (open

square).

in Mono County. Females having a very sharply

excavated lateral edge of tergum II have been

most commonly collected in Colorado and Utah,

whereas specimens with a more rounded tergal

emargination are widespread.

DIAGNOSIS.—Females of L. trizonatum can be

distinguished from other trizonatum forms by

their conspicuously elongate heads (Figure 709,

length/width ratio x = 0.96-1.02), acarinaria on

the anterior surface of tergum I (Figure 711),

and moderately to strongly excavated lateral

edges of tergum II (Figure 115). Lasioglossum

anhypops females have a similar tergal edge but

have shorter heads (Figure 670, length/width x

= 0.93, n = 15) and lack acarinaria (Figure 85).

Some females in Mono County with only mod-
NUMBER 429 269

FIGURES 709-712.—Lasioglossum trizonatum: 709, female head; 710, male head; 711, female

acarinarium at base of tergum I; 712, lateral edge of female tergum II.

erately sinuate tergal edges can be differentiated

from those of L. mellipes by their longer heads

and black legs (hind tarsi and often hind tibiae

usually yellowish orange in L. mellipes).

The males associated with L. trizonatum have

conspicuously elongate heads (Figure 710,

length/width ratio x = 1.02) but are highly variable, possibly indicating that more than one

species is involved. Most males are unique among

Lasioglossum species in having antennal tyli (differentiated, oval areas on flagellomeres having

only plate sensilla and lacking peg sensilla, Figures 714, 715). Most males with tyli have moderately elongate, erect lateral hair tufts on sternum V (Figure 713), but those from Mono

County have very short, inconspicuous sternal

hairs. Many males with conspicuously elongate

heads have short sternal hairs similar to the Mono

County forms but lack antennal tyli. I have seen

specimens with only weakly differentiated tyli

and therefore hesitate in recognizing the "tyli"

and "non-tyli" forms as being distinct.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: AS described for L.

anhypops except as follows: (1) Length 8.4-11.5

mm (x = 9.5, n = 25); (2) wing length 2.5-3.1

mm (x = 2.8, n = 25); (3) abdominal width 2.6-

3.3 mm (x = 2.9, n = 25).

Structure: (4) Head very elongate (Figure

709; length/width ratio 0.92-1.04, x = 0.97, n

= 33). (7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8)

moderately protuberant.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II similar to that of L. anhypops but differing from all

other trizonatum forms in being strongly exca-
270 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

vated, sharply angulated (as in Figure 154) or

rounded medially (Figure 115).

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane pale yellowish brown, becoming hyaline near apex.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head white. (75)

Pubescence of thorax white. (77) Hind tibial hairs

pale yellowish brown. (80) Acarinarium present

(Figure 711), a moderately large glabrous area

at base of tergum I, surrounded laterally by

elongate fringe hairs, which lack a sharply delimited border; acarinarial surface often with some

scattered hairs; dorsal opening of acarinarium

moderately wide, not sharply delimited, width

slightly less than width of lateral hair fringe as

seen in dorsal view.

MALE: AS described for L. anhypops except as

follows: (1) length 7.7-8.5 mm (x = 8.1, n = 9);

(2) wing length 2.1-2.6 mm (x = 2.3, n = 9); (3)

abdominal width 1.8-2.2 mm (x = 2.0, n = 9).

(4) Head as in Figure 710 (length/width ratio

1.0-1.05, x = 1.02, n = 18). (68) Clypeal maculation present.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 713;

(82) hairs on sternum IV elongate, erect; (83)

vestiture of sternum V variable, inconspicuous,

median rosette of hairs present, hairs laterad of

rosette erect, inconspicuous or becoming noticeFIGURE 713.—Lasioglossum trizonatum, male vestiture.

ably elongate towards lateral margin of sternum

(see "Diagnosis" section).

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 718).—Females of

L. trizonatum have been collected from early

April through September. Records of those from

the southwestern region peak in early June,

whereas those from the Northwest peak in late

June.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Females (96): Salicaceae

26%; Rosaceae 23%; Compositae 23%. Total: 96

in 12 families, 28 genera as follows:

Achillea 19; Agoseris 19; Anemone 19; Aster 19; Astragalus 19;

Balsamorhiza 19; *Barbarea 2(2)9; Chrysothamnus 29; Crepis

39; *Erysimum 5(5)9; *Frasera 1(1)9; Geum 39; Gilia 79;

*Heterotheca 1(1)9; * Irish 5(3)9; *Lappula 1(1)9; *Penstemon

3(1)9; Phacelia 29; Phlox 19; Potentilla 19; *Prunus 12(3)9;

*Purshia 2(1)9; Ribes 19; *Rubus 4(2)9; *Salix 25(4)9; Senecio

19; *Taraxacum 7(4)9; Thermopsis 19.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—247 females with lateral edge of tergum II sharply excavated.

UNITED STATES. ARIZONA: Apache Co.: Greer, White

Mts., Winn Campground; Coconino Co.: Flagstaff. CALIFORNIA: Mono Co.: Lee Vining, Summit of Sonora Pass; Yolo Co.:

Davis, 22 mi W. COLORADO: Alamosa Co.: Great Sand Dunes

National Monument (Montville Trail); Boulder Co.; Chaffee

Co.: Chalk Creek (8 mi W Northrup), Salida, South Arkansas

River; Douglas Co.: West Creek; Elbert Co.: Elbert (including

Hubbard Ranch); El Paso Co.: Colorado Springs, Manitou;

Gilpin Co.: Idaho Springs; Grand Co.: Kremmling, 2 mi S, 9

mi SW; Hinsdale Co.: Lake City; Jefferson Co.; La Plata Co.:

Electra Lake; Larimer Co.; Las Animas Co.: Starkville; Mesa

Co.: Mud Springs (Pinyon Mesa); Mineral Co.: Creede; Moffatt

Co.: Zenobia Peak; Montezuma Co.: Mesa Verde National

Park; Montrose Co.: Buckeye Reservoir, Uncompahgre Plateau (16 mi SW Montrose); Park Co.: Jefferson (4 mi SE),

Wilkerson Pass; Rio Grande Co.: South Fork; Summit Co.:

Peak One Campground (Arapaho National Forest); Teller

Co.: Florissant Fossil Beds, Florissant, 2.5 mi S.

IDAHO: Bonner Co.: Priest River Experiment Forest; Butte

Co.: Little Cottonwood Creek (Craters of the Moon National

Monument); Lemhi Co.: Bannock Pass; Oneida Co.: Black Pine

Canyon; Twin Falls Co.: Magic Mt. NEVADA. Elko Co.: E slope

of Spruce Mt. NEW MEXICO: Colfax Co.: Folson, 11 mi WN W;

Otero Co.: Cloudcroft, 2.5 mi E; Taos Co.: Taos (Hondo

Canyon). UTAH: BOX Elder Co.: Mantua (5 mi S), Willard

Peak; Cache Co.; Garfield Co.: E fork Sevier River (West

Bryce); Grand Co.: Moab (La Sal Mt.); Iron Co.: Cedar City,

20 mi E; Kane Co.: Bryce Canyon National Park (2 mi N

Natural Bridge); Kanab Creek; Rich Co.: Garden City; San

Juan Co.: Kigali? Ranger Station (La Sal National Forest),

Monticello; Tooele Co.: Loop Camp (13 mi SW Grantsville);
NUMBER 429 271

FIGURES 714-717.—Lasioglossum trizonatum, male: 714, antenna with tyli (circular areas lacking

sensillar pegs); 715, close-up of antennal tylus; 716, sterna VII-VIII; 717, gonostylus.

South Willow Canyon (Stansbury Mts.); Uinta Co.: Vernal,

25 mi N; Utah Co.: Mt. Nebo Loop, Provo; Weber Co.: Ogden

Canyon. WYOMING: Albany Co.; Converse Co.: Esterbrook;

Fremont Co.; Sheridan Co.: Dayton, mountains near Sheridan;

Teton Co.: Grand Tetons, Jackson Hole, Jenny Lake; Uinta

Co.: Evanston, 15 mi E.

The following listing is comprised of 225 females with lateral edge of tergum II moderately

excavated.

CANADA. ALBERTA: Banff, Wainwright. BRITISH COLUMBIA: Cranbrook; Golden; Oliver; Osoyoos; 10 mi E;

Penticton, Sandspit (Moresby Island, Queen Charlotte Islands). SASKATCHEWAN: Dundurn; Rockglen; Saskatoon.

UNITED STATES. ARIZONA: Apache Co.: Alpine, McNary; Coconino Co.: Flagstaff, Ft. Valley, Hart Prarie (10 mi

NNW Flagstaff). CALIFORNIA: Alpine Co.: west slope Monitor

Pass; Inyo Co.: Independence; Modoc Co.: Cedar Pass; Mono

Co.; Nevada Co.: Prosser Creek (south side, 2.5 mi S Hobar

Mills), Truckee; San Bernardino Co.: Pineknot; Alamosa Co.:

Giant Sand Dunes National Monument; Boulder Co.: Allenspark, Boulder, Ward, 2 mi E; Chaffee-Park Co. border:

Trout Creek Pass; Costilla Co.: Ft. Garland, 12 mi NE;

Douglas Co.: West Creek; Elbert Co.: Elbert (including Hubbard Ranch); Grand Co.: Kremmling, 2 mi S; Jackson Co.:

Walden; Jefferson Co.; Larimer Co.: Estes Park, West Estes

Park; Park Co.: Jefferson (4 mi SE), Wilkerson Pass.

IDAHO: Blaine Co.: Galena; Camas Co.: Willow Creek (13

mi NE Fairfield); Cassia Co.: Elba, 6 mi W; Custer Co.:

Stanley, 20-25 mi NE; Elmore Co.: Dixie, 3.5 mi S; Franklin

Co.: Weston Canyon; Fremont Co.: St. Anthony (sand dunes);

Latah Co.: Moscow, Moscow Mt.; Lemhi Co.: Bannock Pass;

Twin Falls Co.: Rogerson, 8 mi S. MONTANA: Carbon Co.:

Bearcreek, East Rosebud Valley (5 mi S Roscoe); Fergus Co.:

Lewiston, 13 mi NE; Flathead Co.: Big Fork; Gallatin Co.:
20

40

20 -

MAMJJAS O

FIGURE 718.—Lasioglossum trizonatum flight records.

Bozeman, 15 mi S; Glacier Co.: Lake St. Mary (Glacier

National Park); Granite Co.: Elkhorn Ranch (9 mi S Clinton);

Madison Co.: Rock Creek and Madison River (Gallatin National Forest), Ruby Reservoir (9 mi S Alder). NEVADA:

Eureka Co.: Red House Ranch; Humboldt Co.: Lye Creek

Camp (18 mi N Paradise Valley); Lander Co.: Austin, 5 mi E

(Cahill Canyon), 8 mi E. OREGON: Lake Co.: Hart Mt. (Antelope Refuge), Silver Lake (12 mi SW), Warner Lakes;

Morrow Co.: Boardman; Wallowa Co.: Joseph. UTAH: Rich

Co.: Garden City. WASHINGTON: Adams Co.: Lake McElroy

(Paha); Whitman Co.: Pullman; Yakima Co.: North Yakima,

Wenas Valley, Yakima. WYOMING: Albany Co.; Carbon Co.:

Rawlins; Fremont Co.: Lander (Fossil); Park Co.: Lake Creek

Camp (13 mi SE Cooke City), Mammoth Hot Springs (Yellowstone National Park); Platte Co.: Wheatland; Teton Co.:

Jenny Lake, Snake River (5 mi S Elk); Uinta Co.: Lyman, 7

m W.

The following listing is comprised of 127

males.

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

UNITED STATES. CALIFORNIA: Mono Co.: Virginia

Creek, White Mt. (Blanco's Corral). COLORADO: Boulder Co.:

Boulder, Boulder Canyon, Jim Creek; Jefferson Co.: Evergreen; Larimer Co.: Estes Park, Ft. Colins, Livermore (18 mi

W); Teller Co.: Florissant Fossil Beds. IDAHO: Bonner Co.:

Priest River Experimental Forest; Butte Co.: Craters of the

Moon National Monument (Little Cottonwood Creek). NEW

MEXICO: Otero Co.: Cloudcroft (2.5 mi E). UTAH: Tooele Co.:

Loop Camp (13 mi SW Grantsville). WYOMING: Albany Co.:

Tie Siding (4.5 mi SW); Fremont Co.: Sinks Canyon (8.5 mi

SW Lander); Sheridan Co.: Dayton, Sheridan (mountains

near).

48. Lasioglossum tropidonotum, new species

FIGURES 58, 174, 300, 719-723

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype is the

property of the California Insect Survey, University of California, Berkeley, but is on loan deposit

to the California Academy of Sciencies in San

Francisco. The specimen is in excellent condition

and is labeled

4 mi NW Ocosingo Chiapas, MEX. Ill [Mar]-8-1953/R.C.

Bechtel E.I. Schlinger Collectors/[green unlabeled paper

point]/LASIOGLOSSUM ? det. G.C. Eickwort/HOLOTYPE Lasioglossum tropidonotum R.J. McGinley

[red label].

The male paratype listed in the "Specimens

Examined" section is deposited in the collection

of the University of California at Berkeley.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific epithet is derived

from the Latin tropidos (keel) and alludes to the

distinctive, mesoscutal ridge that is unique to this

species.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 300).—Lasioglossum

tropidonotum is known only from the female holotype and male paratype, both from the vicinity

of Ocosingo in the state of Chiapas, Mexico.

DIAGNOSIS.—Both sexes of L. tropidonotum

have a unique, median mesoscutal ridge near the

anterior mesocutal margin (Figure 174). The

female is also unique in having an extremely

protuberant clypeus and having the frons and

vertex covered with thick, distally recurved setae

(Figures 174, 723). Furthermore, the female has

sterna IV-V entirely covered by short, pale pubescence (found elsewhere only in L. crocoturum

and L. cercothrix).
NUMBER 429 273

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 10.3

mm (n = 1); (2) wing length 2.6 mm; (3) abdominal width 3.0 mm.

Structure: (4) Head elongate (Figure 174;

length/width ratio 0.96). (7) Supraclypeal area

narrowly rounded ventrally, (8) protuberant. (9)

Clypeus projecting approximately 0.76 of its

length below lower margin of eyes; (10) surface

without median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral ocelli subequal to distance

between lateral ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 subequal to 2 along dorsal surface. Labrum virtually identical to that of L. circinatum,

Figure 333; (27) distal keel moderately broad,

widest basally; (29) distal lateral projections virtually absent, evident as obscure swellings; (29)

most fimbrial setae blunt apically.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle narrowly obtuse;

(33) pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge narrowly rounded. (34) Mesoscutal lip not bilobed, (35) very weakly elevated

from pronotum; unlike all other known Lasioglossum, the mesoscutum is elevated as a median

longitudinal ridge near the anterior margin. (39)

Dorsal surface of propodeum about 0.83 the

length of scutellum and about 1.2 times the

length of metanotum, (40) slightly depressed centrally, (41) posterior margin broadly rounded;

(42) propodeal triangle weakly defined, evident

medially as a very low V-shaped elevation without

lateral rims; (43) lateral carinae extending at

most to midpoint of posterior surface. (44) Tibial

spur as in Figure 58.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II

weakly sinuate, nearly straight.

Sculpture: (47) Face weakly shiny, (48)

densely and contiguously punctate below ocelli

to antennae. (51) Supraclypeal area granulate,

roughened ventrally; (52) punctures separated

by their width. (53) Clypeus moderately granulate throughout; (54) punctures very dense,

nearly contiguous over basal half, being larger

and obscurely formed apically. (56) Mesoscutum

moderately shiny; (57) punctation very similar to

that of L. circinatum, Figure 335, obscurely doubly-punctate, smaller punctures extremely dense,

contiguous throughout, larger punctures 3-5

times their width apart (observable at 50 magnifications or more). (58) Scutellum contiguously

punctate around margins, sparsely punctate centrally, punctures separated by 1-2 time their

width. (63) Dorsal surface of propodeum (similar

to Figure 334) nearly entirely smooth, weakly

striolate laterally with very weak median striae

confined to basal one-third; (64) surface extensively alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I shiny;

(66) punctation fine, dense over most of dorsal

surface, punctures slightly less than their width

apart, becoming very sparse near and on anterior

surface.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane very weakly

infuscated throughout.

Vestiture: (73) Unlike other species, vertex

and frons covered with thick, recurved setae

(simple recurved hairs are found in L. acarophilum, L. circinatum, L. pharum, and L. uyacicola

but are not thick and pigmented as in L. tropidonotum); (74) pubescence of head mostly white,

thickened setae on vertex and frons orangebrown. (75) Pubescence of thorax white; (76)

mesoscutal hairs inconspicuous. (77) Hind tibial

hair color differentiated, ventral and lateral hairs

white, dorsal hairs brown. (78) Anterior hairs of

metasomal tergum I white; (79) basal hair bands

of terga II—III yellowish white, terga IV-V

nearly entirely covered by yellowish, short pubescence. (80) Acarinarium absent, elongate

hairs scattered over anterior surface of tergum

I.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 7.5 mm (n = 1); (2) wing length 2.2 mm;

(3) abdominal width 1.8 mm. (4) Head as in

Figure 722 (length/width ratio 0.96). (5) Gena

subequal to eye in width, (6) moderately produced posteriorly. (10) Clypeal surface noticeably depressed ventrally. Labrum similar to that

of L. asaphes (Figure 277); (24) distal process

absent; (25) basal area strongly depressed medially; (26) basal lateral depressions well developed.

(30) Mandible moderately elongate, reaching just

beyond opposing clypeal angle. (53) Clypeus pol-
274 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

719

721

722 723

FIGURES 719-723.—Lasioglossum tropidonotum: 719, male genitalia, ventral view; 720, same,

dorsal view; 721, same, lateral view; 722, male head, frontal view; 723, female head, lateral

view.

ished; (54) punctures well formed and dense

basally, very fine and scattered over apical twothirds becoming virtually impunctate medially

near apical edge. (68) Clypeal maculation present. (69) Flagellum nearly entirely dark, only

slightly paler ventrally than on dorsum. (72)

Tarsi dark, concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: (82) Hairs on sternum IV erect,

elongate, hairs becoming slightly longer laterally;

(83) sternum V with median rosette of short erect

hairs, becoming elongate and curled laterally.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII virtually identical to those of L. acarophilum, Figure 256; (85)

sternum VIII with sharply pointed median process. Genitalia as in Figures 719-721; (86) gonobase elongate; (87) gonostylus moderately elongate, sharply pointed; (89) retrorse membranous

lobe tapering distally to acute apex; (90) volsella

lacking prominent lateral lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS.—Both known specimens of

Lasioglossum tropidonotum were collected in

March.

REMARKS.—The holotype female had a nearly

full scopal pollen load, and the unusual thick

setae on the frons and vertex of the head were

caked with pollen grains (these hairs in nearly all

Lasioglossum species are plumose and similar to

other hairs on the head). This suggests that the

head is possibly used to collect pollen directly

from the floral anthers with the pollen being
NUMBER 429 275

subsequently transferred to the hind legs for

transport. If true, this method of pollen collecting and suggestion of possible floral specificity

would be unique among Lasioglossum species. It

should be noted that simple, recurved hairs on

the frons and vertex are also found in L. acarophilum, L. pharum, L. circinatum, and L. uyacicola;

however, the hairs here are very thin and do not

appear thick enough to harvest pollen as suggested for L. tropidonotum.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—2 (19,1(5).

MEXICO. CHIAPAS: Ocosingo, 2 mi SE, 8 Mar 1953, E.I.

Schlinger (1<J; UCB), 4 mi NW, 8 Mar 1953, R.C. Bechtel,

E.I. Schlinger (19, holotype; CAS).

49. Lasioglossum uyacicola (Cockerell)

FIGURES 59, 372, 724-731

Halictus uyacicola Cockerell, 1949:445 [female].

Halictus uyacensis Cockerell, 1949:445 [female].—Michener,

1954:40 [synonymy].

Lasioglossum uyacicola.—Michener, 1954:40 [redescription,

male].

TYPE MATERIAL.—The female holotype of

Halictus uyacicola, in the National Museum of

Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, is in

excellent condition. It is labeled

Uyaca Peak Feb[rurary] 9. [handwritten by Cockerell]/Honduras Cockerell Exp.[edition]/209. [handwritten by Cockerels/Type No. 58484 USNM [red label]/Halictus uyacicola

Ckll [Cockerell] TYPE [handwritten by Cockerell; nearly

illegible due to running of ink].

An additional female in the Smithsonian collection has the same locality data as the type but

was not designated as being a paratype by Cockerell.

The female holotype of Halictus uyacensis, in

the National Museum of Natural History, is also

in excellent condition. The first three labels associated with this specimen are identical to those

of the H. uyacicola type. The bottom two labels

read

Type No. 58485 USNM [red label]/Halictus uyacensis Ckll

[Cockerell] TYPE [handwritten by Cockerell; nearly illegible

due to running of ink].

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 372).—Lasioglossum

uyacicola is presently known from only 13 females

and one male, which have been collected in Chiapas (Mexico), Honduras, Costa Rica, and Panama. The records from Panama represent the

southernmost known limits of New World

Lasioglossum.

DIAGNOSIS.—The doubly-punctate mesoscutum (Figure 727), presence of a large acarinarium (Figure 728), and the smooth posterior half

of the propodeal surface (Figure 726) will distinguish Lasioglossum uyacicola from all other known

New World Lasioglossum. Lasioglossum acarophilum is the most similar species to L. uyacicola

and the two species occur sympatrically in Chiapas (Mexico). However, the mesoscutum of L.

acarophilum is only obscurely doubly-punctate

and is much more granuloso-punctate than that

of L. uyacicola (Figures 251, 727). Furthermore,

L. uyacicola has a relatively longer head (Figures

724, 246; length/width ratio 0.92-0.98, x = 0.95

vs. 0.88-0.96, x = 0.91). Lasioglossum bajaense,

which is known only from the southern tip of

Baja California, is similar but has a much shorter

head (appearing slightly shorter than that of L.

athabascense, Figure 228), relatively sparse mesoscutal punctation with the central punctures

separated by their width or slightly more (punctures nearly contiguous in L. uyacicola), and has

the posterior half of the propodeal dorsal surface

polished and shiny (posterior half dull in L. uyacicola).

The smooth posterior half of the dorsal propodeal surface will distinguish the males of L.

uyacicola, L. acarophilum, L. argutum, and L. tropidonotum from those of all other New World

Lasioglossum. Lasioglossum argutum males can be

quickly differentiated by the polished propodeal

surface (posterior half dull in the other three

species), and L. tropidonotum is unique in having

a raised, median ridge on the anterior surface of

the mesoscutum (Figure 174). Lasioglossum uyacicola and L. acarophilum males share a distinctive

hair pattern on the posterior edge of sternum V

(Figure 252) and along with L. tropidonotum are

unique in having the retrorse membranous lobes
276 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 724-728.—Lasioglossum uyacicola, female: 724,

head; 725, labrum; 726, propodeum; 727, mesoscutum;

728, acarinarium at base of tergum I.

of the genitalia distally pointed (Figure 729). The

gonostyli of L. uyacicola may be longer than those

of L. acarophilum, but as yet the males of these

two species cannot be reliably differentiated

(they are known to be sympatric only in Chiapas,

Mexico).

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 8.2-9.0

mm (x = 8.6, n = 2); (2) wing length 2.4-2.6

mm (x = 2.5, n = 2); (3) abdominal width 2.6-

2.9 mm (x = 2.75, n = 2).

Structure: (4) Head elongate (Figure 724;

length/width ratio 0.92-0.98, x = 0.95, n = 2).
NUMBER 429 277

(7) Supraclypeal area somewhat narrowly

rounded, (8) protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting

approximately 0.87 of its length below lower

margin of eyes; (10) surface with obscure median

longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral ocelli subequal to distance between lateral

ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 subequal to

2 in length along dorsal surface. Labrum as in

Figure 725; (27) distal keel moderately broad,

lateral edges bowed; (29) distal lateral projections

weakly developed, rounded to narrowly

rounded; (29) fimbrial setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle moderately obtuse;

(32) pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge sharply edged. (35) Mesoscutal lip weakly bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of

propodeum about 0.75 the length of scutellum

and about 1.4 times the length of metanotum,

(41) slightly depressed centrally, (42) posterior

margin broadly rounded; (43) propodeal triangle

weakly defined, evident medially as an inconspicuous V-shaped elevation with very low lateral

rims, fading towards metanotum; (44) lateral carinae not reaching midpoint of posterior surface.

(45) Tibial spur as in Figure 59.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II only

faintly sinuate, virtually straight.

Sculpture: (47) Face dull granulate, (48) doubly-punctate, smaller punctures nearly contiguous, larger punctures separated by 1-2 times

their diameter. (51) Supraclypeal area extremely

granulate; (52) uniformly punctate, punctures

separated by 1-3 times their width. (53) Clypeus

granulate basally, apical half polished; (54) punctures separated by their width or less. (56) Mesoscutum moderately shiny; (57) punctation as in

Figure 727, obscurely doubly-punctate, smaller

punctures dense, nearly contiguous throughout,

larger punctures separated by 3-4 times their

width. (58) Scutellum obscurely doubly-punctate,

smaller punctures separated at most by their

width, larger punctures scattered. (63) Dorsal

surface of propodeum (Figure 726) striolate over

basal two-thirds, posterior third smooth or with

scattered, obscure rugulae; (64) surface alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I moderately

shiny; (65) punctation very fine, extremely dense

posteriorly, punctures nearly contiguous, becoming increasingly less dense towards impunctate

anterior edge.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane mostly hyaline, marginal cell and apex obscurely infuscated.

Vestiture: (73) Unlike most species, hairs between vertex and antennae conspicuously simple,

recurved, contrasting with plumose hairs near

antennae; (74) pubescence of head white. (75)

Pubescence of thorax white; (76) mesoscutal

hairs moderately dense, conspicuously plumose.

(77) Hind tibial hair color differentiated, most

hairs white, dorsal hairs brown to dark brown.

(78) Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum I white,

(79) basal hair bands of terga II-IV yellowish

white. (80) Acarinarium present (Figure 728), a

large, circular, glabrous area at base of tergum

I, surrounded laterally and dorsolaterally by

elongate fringe hairs; dorsal opening of acarinarium wide, opening slightly wider than width of

lateral hair fringe as seen in dorsal view.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 8.8 mm (n = 1); (2) wing length 2.45 mm

(n = 1); (3) abdominal width 1.9 mm (n = 1). (4)

Head moderately elongate (length/width ratio

0.88, n = 1). (5) Gena slightly wider than eye, (6)

moderately produced posteriorly. (10) Clypeal

surfaceshallowly depressed ventrally. (24) Labial

distal process absent; (25) basal area depressed

medially; (26) basal lateral depressions conspicuously developed. (30) Mandible short, just reaching opposing clypeal angle. (53) Clypeus granulate basally, apical two-thirds weakly granulate,

shiny; (54) punctures well formed, nearly contiguous basally, very fine and scattered over apical

two-thirds. (68) Clypeal maculation present. (69)

Flagellum light brown ventrally, contrasting with

dark dorsum. (72) Tarsi dark, concolorous with

tibiae.

Vestiture: (82) Hairs on sternum IV suberect,

moderately elongate; (83) sternum V without

conspicuous erect hairs, posterior sternal edge

with straight-edged lateral hair lobes similar to
278 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

729

0.5mm

730

731

FIGURES 729-731.—Lasioglossum uyacicola, male genitalia: 729, ventral view; 730, dorsal view,

731, lateral view.

those of L. acarophilum (Figure 252).

Terminalia: (84) Sternum VII was not available for study; sternum VIII of the one available

male was damaged (the median process was torn

but the surrounding sternal edge indicates it is

probably sharply pointed as in L. acarophilum

and L. tropidonotum, Figure 256). Genitalia as in

Figures 729-731; (86) gonobase elongate; (87)

gonostylus very elongate, slender; (89) retrorse

membranous lobe tapering to sharply pointed

apex; (90) volsella lacking prominent lateral lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS.—Females of L. uyacicola

have been collected in most months from February to December. The one known male was

collected in January.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—14(139, 16).

COSTA RICA. Alajuela Prov.: SE slope Volcan Poas, 15

July 1963. 7700 ft, Michener & Kerfoot (19; KU). Cartago

Prov.: S slope Volcan Irazu, 28 Jun 1963, one in closed

burrow in bank, 9200 ft (2$; KU); Cartago, Nov 1965,

N.L.H. Krauss (19; USNM). San Jose Prov.: Cerro de la

Muerte, 6 km W Villa Mills, 23-26 Oct 1971, E.R. Heithaus

(29; CU).

HONDURAS. Uyaca Peak, 4 Feb-23 Mar [1947?], Cockerell expedition (49; USNM; includes types of L. uyacicola

and L. uyacensis).

MEXICO. CHIAPAS: San Cristobal de las Casas, 2 Aug

1956.J.W. MacSwain, D.D. Linsdale (19; CAS).

PANAMA. Bambito, Volcan Chiriqui, Dec 1946, N.H.L.

Krauss (29; KU); Potrerillos, 27 Jan 1935, J.W. MacSwain

(1<5; KU).

50. Lasioglossum xyriotropis, new species

FIGURES 504, 732

TYPE MATERIAL.—The holotype female of

Lasioglossum xyriotropis is in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. It is labeled

Pablillo, N.L. [Nuevo Leon] 23.VI [June]. 1975 MEX.[ico]/

J.E. Gillaspy Collector/HOLOTYPE Lasioglossum xyriotropis R.J. McGinley [red label].

The left pair of wings are folded under the

specimen and pierced by the insect pin but otherwise the holotype is in excellent condition. Six

female paratypes, listed in the "Specimens Examined" section, are herein designated; five are

in the Snow Museum, University of Kansas, and

one in the Cornell University Collection.

ETYMOLOGY.—The Greek words xyrion (small

razor) plus tropis (keel) allude to the complete

and very sharply edged pronotal lateral carina,

characteristic of this species.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 504).—Lasioglossum
NUMBER 429 279

xyriotropis is presently known only from three

Mexican states: Morelos, Nuevo Leon, and Tlaxcala.

DIAGNOSIS.—Very characteristic of L. xyriotropis is the clypeus that is conspicuously and almost

entirely granulate (only the extreme apicolateral

edges are polished). Also diagnostic is the following character combination: head moderately

short; pronotal lateral carina conspicuously complete and sharply edged (Figure 732); membrane

of forewing mostly hyaline, marginal cell and

apex infuscated; mesoscutum nearly entirely

granuloso-punctate, punctures slightly less dense

on central posterior surface, where they are

nearly contiguous but distinctly separated. Like

L. manitouellum, to which it is very similar, L.

xyriotropis lacks an acarinarium and has a noticeably shiny, striolate-rugulose dorsal propodeal

surface. Lasioglossum manitouellum, unlike L.

xyriotropis, has an incomplete pronotal lateral

carina, a slightly shorter head (Figure 505), and

a completely granuloso-punctate mesoscutum

FIGURE 732.—Lasioglossum xyriotropis, female pronotum,

lateral view.

(punctures not distinctly separated posteriorly).

Lasioglossum xyriotropis is also similar to L.

heterorhinum, with which it shares the complete

pronotal lateral carina. The following characters

of L. heterorhinum will differentiate these two

species: apical half of clypeus polished; head conspiculously short (Figure 458; compare with Figure 505); forewing membrane not infuscated.

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 7.9-9.6

mm (x = 8.8, n = 7); (2) wing length 2.4-2.7

mm (x = 2.5, n = 7); (3) abdominal width 2.6-

2.9 mm (x = 2.7 mm).

Structure: (4) Head moderately short (slightly

longer than that of L. manitouellum, Figure 505;

length/width ratio 0.92-0.96, x = 0.95, n = 7).

(7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8) moderately protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.74 of its length below lower margin of eyes; (11) surface without median longitudinal sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral

ocelli slightly shorter than distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 slightly

shorter than 2 along dorsal surface. (27) Labral

distal keel broad in frontal view, somewhat

spoon-shaped; (29) distal lateral projections virtually absent, evident as obscure lateral swellings;

(29) fimbrial setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle obtuse; (33, 34)

pronotal lateral ridge conspicuously complete,

sharply edged (Figure 732). (35) Mesoscutal lip

weakly bilobed, (36) moderately elevated from

pronotum. (40) Dorsal surface of propodeum

about 0.80 the length of scutellum and about 1.3

times the length of metanotum, (41) depressed

centrally, (42) posterior margin broadly

rounded; (43) propodeal triangle weakly defined,

median V-shaped elevation and lateral rims inconspicuous; (44) lateral carinae extending over

jthree-quarters the length of posterior propodeal

surface, nearly reaching posterior edge of dorsal

surface.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II sinuate.

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely punctate below ocelli, punctures contiguous, only

slightly less dense near antennae. (51) Supra-
280 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

clypeal area granulate throughout; (52) punctures separated by less than their width laterally,

separated by 1-2 times their width centrally. (53)

Clypeus nearly granulate throughout, polished

only on extreme apicolateral edges; (54) punctures well formed basally, nearly contiguous, becoming larger and obscurely formed on apical

half, separated by 1-2 times width. (56) Mesoscutum moderately shiny; (57) punctation similar to

that in Figure 510, mostly granuloso-punctate,

punctures nearly contiguous but distinctly separated on central posterior surface. (58) Scutellar

punctures separated by their width centrally,

nearly contiguous near edges (impunctate areas

absent). (63) Dorsal surface of propodeum irregularly striate laterally, becoming ruguloso-striolate medially, striae and rugulae reaching posterior margin (similar to that in Figure 509); (64)

surface obscurely alveolated (unlike most species

except L. manitouellum, the propodeal dorsal surface is noticeably shiny). (65) Metasomal tergum

I moderately dull; (66) punctation extremely

fine, punctures virtually contiguous over most of

doral surface.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane nearly hyaline, lightly pigmented throughout with infuscated marginal cell and apex.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head pale yellowish brown. (75) Pubescence of thorax mostly

pale yellowish brown, pronotal hairs white in

some specimens; (76) mesoscutal hairs moderately dense and plumose. (77) Hind tibial hair

color differentiated, outer brown hairs contrasting with mostly pale to yellowish white hairs. (78)

Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum I white, (79)

basal hair bands of terga II-IV yellowish white.

(80) Acarinarium absent, elongate hairs scattered

over anterior surface of tergum I.

FLIGHT RECORDS.—One L. xyriotropis female

was collected in April, the other six were taken

in June.

MITE ASSOCIATES.—Although L. xyriotropis

lacks an acarinarium, the one female from Morelos had numerous hypopodes clustered on the

anterior surface of tergum I.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—7$.

MEXICO, MORELOS: Cuernavaca, 4 mi NW, 12 Apr

1959, 7500 ft, H.E. Evans (19; CU). NUEVO LEON: Pablillo,

23Jun 1975,J.E. Gillaspy (l$holotype; USNM). TLAXCALA:

Apizaco, 8 mi W, 18 Jun 1961, 8200 ft, Univ. Kansas Mex.

Exped. (5$; KU).

51. Lasioglossum zonulum (Smith)

FIGURES 60, 205, 733-746

Halictus zonulus Smith, 1848:2171 [female, male].—Dalla

Torre, 1896:92 [World catalog; see for older literature].

—Atwood, 1933:451 [nests].—Brittain, 1933:94 [flower

records].—Sandhouse, 1933:78 [synonymy].—Brittain

and Newton, 1934:257, 260, 262 [locality and flower

records].

Halictus similis.—Lovell, 1905:299 [misidentification of L.

zonulum as evidenced by Lovell's 1908 synonymy of//.

craterus].

Halictus craterus Lovell, 1908:35 [female, male; incorrectly

identified as an Evylaeus].—Brittain and Newton,

1933:344 [locality and flower records]; 1934:262 [locality

and flower records].—Sandhouse, 1933:78 [synonymy].—Covell, 1972:12 [lectotype, locality and flower records].

Halictus craternus.—Cockerell, 1916b:6 [lapsus calami].

Lasioglossum zonulum.—Michener, 1951:1107 [Nearctic catalog].—Evans and Lin, 1959:130 [predator, Philanthus

gibbosus (Fabricius)].—Mitchell, 1960:346 [key, redescription].—Knerer and Atwood, 1962:163 [nests, locality and

flower records].—Knerer, 1968:83 [presence in Austria].—Hurd, 1979:1958 [Nearctic catalog].

TYPE MATERIAL.—Smith based his descriptions of Halictus zonulus on a syntype series of

more than one female and at least one male. I

have examined one of the females of his type

series, which is housed in the University Museum, Oxford. This female is in good condition;

unfortunately, the associated label data was not

recorded.

The female lectotype of Halictus craterus is in

the National Museum of National History,

Smithsonian Institution. It is labeled

Type No. 71566 U.S.N.M. [handwritten on red label]/224/

Waldoboro [Lincoln County] Maine/Iris versicolor June 24-

July 5 [handwritten]/Halictus craterus n. sp. Type 9 [handwritten ]/Halictus craterus Lov. [ell] Holotype [handwritten

on red Iabel]/LECTOTYPE $ Halictus craterus Lovell By

C.V. Covell Jr. 1971.

The lecototype is in excellent condition; 28
NUMBER 429

281

paralectotypes are also in the Smithsonian Collection.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 733).—Like Lasioglossum leucozonium, L. zonulum is a holarctic species,

widespread in Europe. In the New World it is

found in Canada and the northern United States

from Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia west to

Quadra Island off the east coast of Vancouver

Island, British Columbia (Hurd, 1979, recorded

this species west only to Minnesota). The northernmost record is two males from Cranberry

Portage, Manitoba (54°36' north latitude).

Southernmost records include one female from

Page County, Iowa, and one female from Madison County, Indiana.

DIAGNOSIS.—For diagnosis of female Lasioglossum zonulum see L. leucozonium diagnosis.

Males of L. zonulum can be easily recognized

by the distinctive hair tufts on sternum VI and

the well-developed posterolateral lobes of tergum VII (Figure 205, 744). Like the males of L.

leucozonium, the clypeus is rounded (not flattened

as in most male Lasioglossum) and the dorsal

propodeal surface is strongly striate to rugose.

In addition to differences in sternal vestiture, L.

zonulum males differ from those of L. leucozonium

in having completely dark legs (middle and hind

basitarsi yellow in the latter species).

DESCRIPTION.—FEMALE: (1) Length 8.5-

10.5 mm (x = 9.7, n = 15); (2) wing length 2.4-

3.7 mm (x = 2.6, n = 15); (3) abdominal width

3.0-3.5 mm (x = 3.2, n = 15).

Structure: (4) Head elongate (Figure 734;

length/width ratio 0.88-1.0, x = 0.94, n = 15).

(7) Supraclypeal area evenly rounded, (8) weakly

protuberant. (9) Clypeus projecting approximately 0.81 of its length below lower margin of

eyes; (11) surface without median longitudinal

sulcation. (14) Distance between lateral ocelli

subequal to distance between lateral ocellus and

eye. (23) Flagellomere 1 longer than 2 along

dorsal surface. Labrum as in Figure 736; (27)

distal keel moderately broad in frontal view,

gradually narrowing towards apex as in L. leucozonium; (29) distal lateral projections moderately

well developed, weakly projecting; (29) fimbrial

setae acutely pointed.

(32) Pronotal lateral angle narrowly obtuse,

prominent with very well-developed dorsal ridge;

(33) pronotal lateral ridge incomplete, interrupted by oblique lateral sulcus; (34) lower portion of lateral ridge inconspicuous, broadly

rounded. (35) Mesoscutal lip rounded, not bilobed, (36) very strongly elevated from pronoFIGURE 733.—New World distribution of Lasioglossum zonulum.
282 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 734-739.—Lasioglossum zonulum: 734, female head; 735, male head; 736, female

labrum; 737, male labrum; 738, female propodeum; 739, female mesoscutum.
NUMBER 429 283

turn. (40) Dorsal surface of propodeum very

short, about 0.53 the length of scutellum and

slightly shorter than metanotum, (41) not depressed centrally, (42) posterior margin indistinctly truncated (lateral angles of dorsal surface

gradually sloping from propodeal triangle); (43)

propodeal triangle moderately well defined laterally; (44) lateral carinae nearly encircling posterior surface, interrupted dorsally. (45) Tibial

spur as in Figure 60.

(46) Lateral edge of metasomal tergum II only

faintly sinuate, virtually straight (similar to L.

leucozonium).

Sculpture: (47) Face shiny, (48) densely punctate below ocelli, punctures contiguous, becoming somewhat punctuate below ocelli, punctures

contiguous, becoming somewhat coarse near antennae. (51) Supraclypeal area extremely granulate; (52) uniformly and densely punctate, punctures separated by their width or less. (53)

Clypeus obscurely granulate; (54) punctuation

dense, nearly uniform, punctures separated by

less than their width over basal two-thirds, separated by their width apicolaterally. (56) Mesoscutum shiny; (57) punctation as in Figure 739,

punctures coarse, separated by their width or less

laterally and anteriorly, becoming slightly less

dense centrally, punctures 1-2 times their width

apart. (58) Scutellar punctation coarse, similar to

that of mesoscutum with widely separated impunctate areas. (63) Dorsal surface of propodeum (Figure 738) irregularly but very strongly

striate with obscure transverse rugulae, striae

reaching posterior margin; (64) surface smooth,

not alveolated. (65) Metasomal tergum I shiny;

(66) punctuation fine to very fine, moderately

sparse posteriorly, punctures 1-1.5 times their

width apart, very sparse anteriorly, punctures up

to 4 times their width apart.

Coloration: (71) Wing membrane nearly hyaline, very lightly pigmented.

Vestiture: (74) Pubescence of head pale yellowish brown. (75) Pubescence of thorax white

to pale yellowish brown; (76) mesoscutal hairs

moderately dense and plumose. (77) Hind tibial

hairs concolorous, yellowish brown. (78) Anterior hairs of metasomal tergum I and (79) basal

hair bands of terga II-IV white. (80) Acarinarium absent, elongate hairs scattered over anterior surface of tergum I.

MALE: Similar to female except as follows: (1)

length 7.4-9.2 mm (x = 8.5, n = 15); (2) wing

length 2.1-2.6 mm (x = 2.3, n = 15); (3) abdominal width 2.2-2.6 mm (x = 2.5, n = 15). (4)

Head as in Figure 735 (length/width ratio 0.89-

1.0, x = 0.93, n = 15). (5) Gena conspicuously

wider than eye, (6) rounded, not produced posteriorly. (10) Clypeal surface broadly rounded,

not flattened or depressed. Labrum as in Figure

737; (24) distal process weakly developed,

rounded; (25) basal area rounded medially, not

depressed; (26) basal lateral depressions very

weakly developed; unlike other species, labral

sensilla conspicuously dense and elongate. (30)

Mandible moderately elongate, reaching slightly

beyond opposing clypeal angle. (53) Clypeus

weakly granulate, shiny; (54) punctation nearly

uniform throughout, punctures separated by less

than their width. (68) Clypeal maculation usually

present, often reduced, more rarely absent. (69)

Flagellum entirely dark or only slightly paler or

venter than dorsum. (72) Tarsi dark, concolorous with tibiae.

Vestiture: Sternal vestiture as in Figure 744;

(82) hairs on sterum IV elongate, erect, without

noticeable pattern; (83) posterior half of sternum

V with band of short, suberect hairs surrounding

a bare spot at the midpoint of the posterior

sternal edge; (84) unlike other New World

Lasioglossum except L. leucozonium, sternum VI

with very characteristic vestiture here characterized by a glabrous surface having a circular basal

hair tuft adjacent to a posterior X-shaped hair

patch.

Terminalia: Sterna VII-VIII as in Figure

745; (84) sternum VII somewhat reduced, slender (similar to that of L. leucozonium); sternum

VIII without median process (like L. leucozonium

sternal disc reduced, narrow). Genitalia as in

Figures 740-743; (86) gonobase short; (87) gonostylus robust, flat, broadly rounded apically (like

L. leucozonium, gonostylus with inconspicouous
284 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

745

FIGURES 740-745.—Lasioglossum zonulum, male: 740, genitalia, ventral view; 741, same, dorsal

view; 742, gonostylus; 743, volsella; 744, sternal vestiture; 745, sterna VII-VIII.
NUMBER 429

285

setae); (88) retrorse membranous lobe absent;

(90) volsella with conspicuous lateral flange but

lacking prominent lobe.

FLIGHT RECORDS (Figure 746).—Lasioglossum

zonulum females have been collected from early

April through October, with most records from

late June and late July. The six April records are

3 females, Moorhead, Minnesota, 27 Apr 1947;

2 females He Jesus, Quebec, 15 Apr 1906; 1

female, Hull, Quebec, 26 Apr 1938. Most males

have been collected in late July but records range

from June through October. The six males collected in June were all from Brandon, Manitoba,

13 June 1949.

FLOWER RECORDS.—Females (273): Compositae 40%; Leguminosae 14%; Rosaceae 14%; Cruciferae 8%. Males (54): Compositae 41%; Leguminosae 30%. Total: 327 in 18 families, 45

genera as follows:

3 0 0

2 0 0

100

7fi

—

I

u

i

Q ME

ID NW

~\ l~l TO!

1 1

7 0 0

5 0 0

3 0 0

100

AMJJASO N

FIGURE 746.—Lasioglossum zonulum flight records.

Acer 1<$; Achillea 19; Apocynum 76; Aralia 19, 56; *Aster 5(1)9,

1<$; *Brassica 6(1)9; Centaurea 19; *Cirsium 4(1)9; *Cornus

2(1)9; Crataegus 19; Cypripedium 19; Daucus 39; *Epilobium

10(2)9k 1<5; *Fragaria 7(3)9; Grindelia 49, 3<J; *Helianthus

3(1)9, 1<3; *Heracleum 1(1)9; *Hieracium 3(2)9; Iris 79; *Leontodon 49, 1<5, Lonicera 49; Lotus 19, *Lysimachia 1(1)9; *Medicago 9(1)9, 1 Id; *Melilotus 22(3)9, 3<5; PotentUla 79; * Ranunculus 21(1)9, 16; *Raphanus 149; *Rhus 3(1)9; *Rosa

14(3)9; Rubus 89; Rudbeckia 9c$; Salix 49; Senecio 19; *Solidago

4(1)9, 16; Sonchus 299, 6<5; *Sphaeralcea 1(1)9; *Spiraea

1(1)9; *Symphoricarpos 3(3)9, 1(5; Tamarix 29; Tanacetum 39;

*Taraxacum 46(4)9; *Trifolium 7(4)9, 2<5; *Tragopogon 3(3)9;

Viburnum 19.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—3255 (1802$,

1453d).

CANADA. ALBERTA: Elkwater, Lethbridge. BRITISH COLUMBIA: Abbotsford, Burns Bog, Haney, Pitt Meadows,

Quadra Island. MANITOBA: Altona, Angusville, Assiniboine

River, Aweme, Binscarth, Boissevain, Brandon, Carberry,

Cranberry Portage, Dauphin, Douglas, Fisher Branch, Forrest (9 mi N), Gladstone, Glenboro (13 mi N), Horton,

Husavick, Mafeking, Millwood, Minnedosa (5 mi N), Moose

Lake, Ninette, Reynolds, Roblin, Russell, St. Lazare, Shilo

(5 mi SW), The Pas, Turtle Mt., Virden, Wahless (1-2 mi

N), West Hank Lake, Whitemouth, Whitewater (4 mi N),

Winnipeg. NEW BRUNSWICK: Cambellton, Fredericton,

Fundy National Park, Greys Mills, Hampton, Keswick, Kouchibouguac, Moncton, Nerepis, Red Rapids, St. Andrews,

St. John, St. Stephen. NOVA SCOTIA: Algonquin Park, Baddeck, Big Harbor, Bridgetown, Cheticamp, Clyde River,

Digby, Halifax, Ingonish, Kempt Shore, Kentville, Millsville,

Pictou, Smith's Cove, Truro, West River, Weymouth,

Woodville.

ONTARIO: Black Sturgeon Lake, Boat Lake, Bow Lake,

Britania, Caledon, Cane, Carp (5 mi W), Chatham, Cloyne,

Craigleith, DeGrassi Pt., Dyers Bay, Echo Bay (10 mi E),

Englehart, Fergus, Franklin Island, Go Home Bay, Guelph,

Hastings, Hilton Beach, Keenabeek, Kenora, Iroquios Falls,

Listowel (9.8 mi W), Manotick, Mattawa, Meaford, Merivale,

Morrisburg, New Liskeard, North Bay, One Sided Lake,

Orangeville, Orillia, Ottawa, Owen Sound, Pelle Island, Port

Elgin, Port Sydney, Primrose, Rostrevor, Rutherglen, St.

Catharines, St. Thomas, Sandford, Sturgeon Falls, Terra

Cotta, Thornloe, Timagami, Tobermory, Toronoto, Trenton, Violet Hill, Waubamic, Wilcox Lake. PRINCE EDWARD

ISLAND: Charlottetown, Prince Edward National Park. QUEBEC: Abbotsford, Cap Rouge, Cottage Beaulieu, Covey Hill,

Fort Coulonge, Gaspe, Gracefield, Hemmingford, Hull, He

Jesus, He de Montreal, Joliette, Kingsmere, Knowlton, Lac

Nominque, Ladysmith, Laniel, La Trappe, Matane, Montcerf, Mont Joli, Montreal, Notre Dame du Portage, Quebec,

Rouville, St. Anne's, St. Phillipe (2 mi N), Sherbrooke,

Tenaga, Thurso, Val-Morin.

SASKATCHEWAN: Assiniboia, Big River, Candle Lake, Can-
286 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

ora, Christopher Lake, Esterhazy, Estevan, Ft. Qu'Appelle,

Good Spirit Lake, Green Lake, Greenwater Lake, Hatfield,

Hudson Bay, Indian Head, Jane, Kandahar, Katepwa, Kenosee, Langham, Lumsden, Madge Lake, Minton, Moosejaw

(10 mi W), Mortlach, Prince Albert, Regina, Rockglen,

Rushlake, Saskatoon, Torch River, Torquay, Viscount,

Welby, White Fox, Willows, Yorkton.

UNITED STATES. IDAHO: Ada Co.: Regina, 1 mi W;

Boundary Co.: Copeland. INDIANA: Madison Co.: Anderson.

IOWA: Page Co., Shenandoah. MAINE: Arrostook Co.: Fort

Kent; Franklin Co.: Dryden, Rangeley; Hancock Co.; Knox

Co.: Owls Head; Lincoln Co.: Boothbay, Waldoboro; Penobscot Co.: Bangor, Orono; Washington Co.: Eastport, Machias;

York Co.: Saco. MICHIGAN: Alger Co.; Baraga Co.; Charlevoix

Co.; Cheboygan Co.; Chippewa Co.; Delta Co.; Dickinson Co.;

Emmet Co.; Gogebic Co.; Houghton Co.; Huron Co.; Iron Co.;

Keweenaw Co.; Mackinac Co.; Marquette Co.; Mason Co.; Menominee Co.; Midland Co.; Missaukee Co.; Ontonogan Co.; Ostego

Co.; Roscommon Co.; Schoolcraft Co. MINNESOTA: Aitkin Co.;

Anoka Co.; Becker Co.; Beltrami Co.; Carlton Co.; Carver Co.;

Cass Co.; Chisago Co.; Clay Co.; Clearwater Co.; Cook Co.;

Dakota Co.; Goodhue Co.; Hennepin Co.; Houston Co.; Itasca

Co.; Kanabec Co.; Kittson Co.; Koochiching Co.; Lake Co.; Lake

of the Woods Co.; Mille Lacs Co.; Otter Tail Co.; Pine Co.; Polk

Co.; Ramsey Co.; Roseau Co.; St. Louis Co.; Sherburne Co.;

Wabasha Co.; Wadena Co.; Washington Co.

MONTANA: Blaine Co.: Chinook; Dawson Co.: Glendive.

NORTH DAKOTA: Benson Co.: Esmond; Bottineau Co.: Turtle

Mts.; Case Co.: Fargo; Grand Forks Co.; Hettinger Co.: unspecified locality; LaMoure Co.: unspecified locality; McHenry

Co.: Towner, 11 mi N; McLean Co.: Garrison; Pembina Co.:

Walhalla, 12 mi N; Walsh Co.: Golden Twp., Grafton. NEW

HAMPSHIRE: COOS CO.: Lancaster; Grafton Co.; Sullivan Co.:

unspecified locality. NEW YORK: Albany Co.; Cayuga Co.;

Clinton Co.; Cortland Co.; Essex Co.; Hamilton Co.; Herkimer

Co.;Jefferson Co.; Monroe Co.; Niagara Co.; Ontario Co.; Oswego

Co.; Seneca Co.; Tompkins Co.; Wayne Co. VERMONT: Caledonia

Co.: Danville, St. Johnsbury; Essex Co.: unspecified locality;

Windsor Co.: Norwich. WASHINGTON: King Co.: Kirkland,

Seattle; Pierce Co.: Clover Creek, Tacoma; Skagit Co.: Anacortes (5 mi S), Rockport State Park; Whatcom Co.: Bellingham. WISCONSIN: Adams Co.; Bayfield Co.; Brown Co.;

Clark Co.; Columbia Co.; Dane Co.; Door Co.; Dunn Co.;

Florence Co.; Forest Co.; Green Lake Co.; Kewaunee Co.; Manitowoc Co.; Marquetts Co.; Milwaukee Co.; Oneida Co.; Ozaukee

Co.; Price Co.; Racine Co.; Rusk Co.; St. Croix Co.; Shawano

Co.; Vilas Co.; Washburn Co.; Waupauca Co.; Waushara Co.;

Winnebago Co.
Appendix 1

Lasioglossum Character Matrix

Unambiguous states of 48 characters; see "Phylogeny" for explanation of

character numbers and states; number 9 indicates an unknown character

state.

Character

acarophilum

acuminatum

aequatum

anhypops

argutum

asaphes

athabascense

bajaense

bardum

cercothrix

channelense

circinatum

citerius

colatum

coriaceum

cos tale

crocoturum

desertum

egregium

eickworti

forbesii

fuscipenne

heterorhinum

jubatum

katyae

lampronotum

leucozonium

manitouellum

mellipes

morrilli

olympiae

orphnaeum

pacificum

123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678

112112112111112221141112121221112111221311211111

112221113111113111111111111211111111131211111111

119999229111122211321921121111999999991999999921

112111112111112111111211111111911111121211111111

112112212121113221142111121111912111131211111121

112112212121112211111111121111922111321211111211

112111112111112111111111111111921111121211111111

119999219111112121142921121221199999991999999921

119999119111112111111911121221199999991999999921

112111112111112211311121121112912111121211111121

112111113121112111111111121211221111121211111111

119999129111112221141912121111999999991999999911

119999999212129211331911221111999999991999999921

112212112112112121111111111211211111121311111111

112211113111113111141111111211111111121211111111

112112112111112211111121222111912111121211111121

1131121112912111121311111111

1111111221112111131211111121

1111111211221111121211111111

1131222111911112911112111122

1111111211111111131211111121

1111111111912112911211111111

1111111111912111131211112121

1111121221122111131211111121

1931222111999999991999999922

112222113121113111111111111111912111131211112121

111112112112222111231111111111912212912113121111

112112112111112211111121121111912111121211111111

112111112111112111111111111211222111121211111111

112111112111113111111111111211111111131211111111

111111121112121111131211111111912112911122111121

112112123221122212131211222111921119911211111121

111111121112121111131211111111912122911222111121

1121121121111122111

1121112121111131111

1121111121111121111

2212121132111122211

1121111121111131111

1111111222121231111

1122221131211131111

1122122131111122111

2299991192111122211

287
2 8 8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Character 123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678

pallicorne 112112112121112211141111121221122111131311111121

paraforbesii 112211112111113111111111111211111111131211111111

parkeri 119999119121112211141911121211199999991999999921

pavonotum 112111111112112211111211111111912112911111111111

perscabrum 119999119221122212131911122111999999991999999921

pharum 119999119111112221141912121111999999991999999911

rupticristum 119999219111112211111911111111999999991999999921

sandrae 229999119211112211111931222112999999991999999922

sisymbrii 111111121112121111131211111111912122911122111121

timberlakei 111111121112121121131211111111912122911222111121

titusi 111112112112212121121111111111912112911111121121

transvorsum 112111212121112211111121121111912111321211111211

tricnicos 112112112111112211111131121111921111321311111121

trizonatum 112111112111112111111111111211222111121211111111

tropidonotum 112112122111112221141112121112912111221311211111

uyacicola 112112112111112221141112121221112111221311211111

xyriotropis 119999229121112211111921121111999999991999999921

zonulum 111112112212222111231111111111912212912113121111
Appendix 2

Identification of Figures in Keys

The following listing identifies the figures without legends utilized in the

illustrated keys to Lasioglossum species.

Key to Lasioglossutn Females North of the

Mexican Border

83, L. parajorbesii, acarinarium at base of tergum I. 84, L.

colatum, acarinarium at base of tergum I. 85, L. anhypops,

tergum I without acarinarium. 86, L. coriaceum, acarinarium.

87, L. transvorsum, mesoscutal anterior edge. 88, L. coriaceum, dorsal propodeal surface. 89, L. acarophilum, acarinarium. 90, L. acuminatum, mesoscutal anterior edge. 91, L.

athabascense, dorsal propodeal surface. 92, L. forbesii, acarinarium at base of tergum I, dorsal view. 93, L. paraforbesii,

acarinarium at base of tergum I, dorsal view. 94, L. acuminatum, acarinarium at base of tergum I. 95, L. forbesii,

acarinarium. 96, head. 97, L. morrilli, head. 98, L. forbesii,

acarinarium at base of tergum I. 99, L. morrilli, acarinarium.

100, L. channelense, pronotum, lateral view. 101, L. mellipes,

pronotum, lateral view. 102, L. trizonatum, head. 103, L.

mellipes, head. 104, L. jubatum, head. 105, L. acarophilum,

mesoscutum. 106, L. paraforbesii, mesoscutum. 107, L. acarophilum, dorsal propodeal surface. 108, L. paraforbesii, dorsal

propodeal surface; 109, head; 110, dorsal propodeal surface;

111, acarinarium at base of tergum I. 112, L. egregium, head;

113, dorsal propodeal surface; 114, acarinarium. 115, L.

trizonatum, lateral edge of tergum II. 116,L. egregium, lateral

edge of tergum II. 117, L. mellipes, lateral edge of tergum

II. 118, L. paraforbesii, head. 119, L. jubatum, head. 120, L.

bardum, acarinarium. 121, L. desertum, acarinarium. 122, L.

bardum, dorsal propodeal surface. 123, L. desertum, dorsal

propodeal surface. 124, L. titusi, dorsal view of vertex. 125,

L. leucozonium, dorsal view of vertex. Dorsal propodeal surfaces: 126, L. titusi; 127, L. olympiae; 128, L. fuscipenne; 129,

L. heterorhinum; 130, L. leucozonium. 131, L. fuscipenne,

mesoscutum. 132, L. sisymbrii, abdomen showing basal hair

band on tergum I. 133, L. coriaceum, abdomen showing lack

of basal hair band on tergum I. 134, L. leucozonium, head.

135, L. olympiae, head. 136, L. zonulum, mesoscutum. 137,

L. olympiae, mesoscutum. 138, L. zonulum, tergum I. 139, L.

leucozonium, tergum I; 140, vertex showing transverse striations behind ocelli. 141, L. zonulum, pronotal lateral angle.

142, L. timberlakei, mesoscutum. 143, L. olympiae, mesoscutum; 144, propodeum. 145, L. pacificum, propodeum. 146,

L. olympiae, pleuron dorsad of middle coxa. 147, L. pacificum,

pleuron dorsad of middle coxa. 148, L. heterorhinum, pronotum, lateral view. 149, L. egregium, pronotum, lateral

view. 150, L. manitouellum, mesoscutum. 151, L. anhypops,

mesoscutum. 152, L. manitouellum, forewing. 153, L.

mellipes, forewing. 154, L. anhypops, lateral edge of tergum

II. 155, L. mellipes, lateral edge of tergum II.

Key to Lasioglossum Females South of the

Mexican Border

156, L. morrilli, acarinarium at base of tergum I. 157, L.

desertum, acarinarium. 158, L. morrilli, head. 159, L. pallicorne, head. 160, L. egregium, pronotum, lateral view. 161,

L. pallicorne, pronotum, lateral view; 162, acarinarium. 163,

L. parkeri, acarinarium. 164, L. jubatum, dorsal propodeal

surface. 165, L. acarophilum, dorsal propodeal surface. 166,

L. jubatum, head. 167, L. acarophilum, head; 168, mesoscutum. 169, L. uyacicola, mesoscutum. 170, L. argutum, dorsal

propodeal surface. 171, L. cercothrix, dorsal propodeal surface. 172, L. argutum, head. 173, L. circinatum, head. 174,

L. tropidonotum, head and thorax. 175, L. circinatum, mesoscutum. 176, L. pharum, mesoscutum. 177, L. eickworti,

forewing. 178, L. manitouellum, forewing. 179, L. perscabrum, dorsal propodeal surface. 180, L. orphnaeum, dorsal

propodeal surface; 181, mesoscutum; 182, pronotum, lateral

view. 183, L. pallicorne, head. 184, L. transvorsum, head;

185, dorsal propodeal surface. 186, L. asaphes, dorsal propodeal surface. 187, L. aequatum, dorsal propodeal surface.

188, L. manitouellum, dorsal propodeal surface.

Key to Lasioglossum Males North of the

Mexican Border

189, L. fuscipenne, male sternal vestiture; 190, female mesoscutum (only female photographs were taken in cases where

the sexes were similar for certain features). 191,/-. olympiae,

female dorsal propodeal surface. 192, L. titusi, female dorsal

propodeal surface. 193, L. heterorhinum, female dorsal propodeal surface. 194, L. sisymbrii, female abdomen showing

289
290 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

basal hair band on tergum I. 195, L. coriaceum, female

abdomen. 196, L. leucozonium, female vertex, dorsal view.

197, L. titusi, female vertex, dorsal view; 198, male sternal

vestiture. 199, L. pacificum, head. 200, L. zonulum, head.

201, L. pacificum, male sternal vestiture. 202, L. timberlakei,

male sternal vestiture. 203, L. olympiae, male sternal vestiture. 204, L. leucozonium, male sternal vestiture. 205, L.

zonulum, male sternal vestiture. 206, L. coriaceum, head.

207, L. mellipes, head. 208, L. channelense, head. 209, L.

lampronotum, head. Male sternal vestiture: 210, L. heterorhinum; 211, L. jubatum; 212, L. athabascense; 213, L.

mellipes; 214, L. desertum. 215, L. athabascense, head. 216,

L. trizonatum, head. 217,L. athabascense, gonostylus. 218, L.

trizonatum, gonostylus; 219, antenna showing circular tyli.

220, L. egregium, antenna (without tyli). 221, L. mellipes,

male vestiture. 222, L.forbesii, male vestiture. 223, L. paraforbesii, head. 224, L. forbesii, head. Male sternal vestiture:

225, L. acarophilum; 226, L. desertum; 227, L. manitouellum.

228, L. sisymbrii, forewing. 229, L. manitouellum, forewing.

Heads: 230, L. colatum; 231, L. anhypops; 232, L. trizonatum.

Gonostyli: 233, L. morrilli; 234, L. anhypops.

Key to Lasioglossum Males South of the

Mexican Border

235, L. eickworti, forewing; 236, head. Male sternal vestiture:

237, L. tricnicos; 238, L. crocoturum; 239, L. jubatum; 240,

L. heterorhinum; 241, L. pallicorne; 242, L. asaphes; 243, L.

cercothrix; 244, L. costale.
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"Literature Cited." For botany, the long form (taxon, author,

abbreviated journal or book title, volume, page, year, with no

reference in "Literature Cited") is optional.

Text-reference system (author, yearpage used within the text,

with full citation in "Literature Cited" at the end of the text) must

be used in place of bibliographic footnotes in all Contributions

Series and is strongly recommended in the Studies Series:

"(Jones. 1910122)" or Jones (1910:122)." If bibliographic

footnotes are required, use the short form (author, brief title, page)

with the full citation in the bibliography.

Footnotes, when few in number, whether annotative or bibliographic, should be typed on separate sheets and inserted immediately after the text pages on which the references occur. Extensive notes must be gathered together and placed at the end of

the text in a notes section.

Bibliography, depending upon use, is termed "Literature Cited,"

References," or "Bibliography." Spell out titles of books, articles,

journals, and monographic series. For book and article titles use

sentence-style capitalization according to the rules of the language employed (exception: capitalize all major words in English).

For journal and series titles, capitalize the initial word and all

subsequent words except articles, conjunctions, and prepositions.

Transliterate languages that use a non-Roman alphabet according

to the Library of Congress system. Underline (for italics) titles of

journals and series and titles of books that are not part of a series.

Use the parentheses/colon system for volume (number):

pagination: "10(2):5-9." For alignment and arrangement of elements, follow the format of recent publications in the series for

which the manuscript is intended. Guidelines for preparing bibliography may be secured from Series Section, SI Press.

Legends for illustrations must be submitted at the end of the

manuscript, with as many legends typed, double-spaced, to a

page as convenient.

Illustrations must be submitted as original art (not copies)

accompanying, but separate from, the manuscript. Guidelines for

preparing art may be secured from Series Section, SI Press. All

types of illustrations (photographs, line drawings, maps, etc.) may

be intermixed throughout the printed text. They should be termed

Figures and should be numbered consecutively as they will

appear in the monograph. If several illustrations are treated as

components of a single composite figure, they should be designated by lowercase italic letters on the illustration; also, in the

legend and in text references the italic letters (underlined in copy)

should be used: "Figure 9fc." Illustrations that are intended to

follow the printed text may be termed Plates, and any components

should be similarly lettered and referenced: "Plate 9b.." Keys to

any symbols within an illustration should appear on the art rather

than in the legend.

Some points of style: Do not use periods after such abbreviations as "mm, ft, USNM, NNE." Spell out numbers "one" through

"nine in expository text, but use digits in all other cases if possible.

Use of the metric system of measurement is preferable; where

use of the English system is unavoidable, supply metric equivalents in parentheses. Use the decimal system for precise measurements and relationships, common fractions for approximations.

Use day/month/year sequence for dates: "9 April 1976." For

months in tabular listings or data sections, use three-letter abbreviations with no periods: "Jan, Mar, Jun," etc. Omit space between

initials of a personal name: "J.B. Jones."

Arrange and paginate sequentially every sheet of manuscript in the following order: (1) title page, (2) abstract, (3) contents, (4) foreword and/or preface, (5) text, (6) appendixes, (7)

notes section, (8) glossary, (9) bibliography, (10) legends, (11)

tables. Index copy may be submitted at page proof stage, but

plans for an index should be indicated when manuscript is submitted.
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