NATIONAL CENTER 

For HEALTH STATISTICS 

VITAL and HEALTH STATISTICS 

DATA FROM THE NATIONAL VITAL STATISTICS SYSTEM 

Infant, Fetal, and


Maternal Mortality


United States-1963 

A report on infant, fetal, and maternal deaths, with special 

reference to differential mortality by 

causes of death; and trends in infant 

Washington, D.C. 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF 

HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE 

John W. Gardner 

Secretary 

race, sex, and region; 

and maternal mortality. 

September 1966 

Public Health Service 

Wil Iiam H. Stewart 

Surgeon General 
Public Health Service Publication No. 10()&series 20.No. .3 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office 

Washington, I).(L, 20402 - Price 45 cents 
NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS 

FORREST E. LINDER, PH. D.j h%’CtfJ7 

THEODORE D.WOOLSEY, Deputy D;r#ctor 

OSWALD K.SAGEN,PK D.,~ffhznt Director 

WALT R.SIMMONS,M.A.,~tatifticaz Advisor 

ALICEM. WATERHOUSE, M.D.,Medical Advisor 

JAMES E.KELLY,D.D.S.,Dental Advi~or 

LOUISR,STOLCIS,M.A.,Executive G&cer 

DIVISION OF VITAL STATISTICS 

ROBERT D. GROVE, PH. D., Chief 

ANDERS S. LUNDE, PH. D., Asitiati Chief 

ARTHUR A. CAMPBELL,Chief, Natality Statistics Branch 

CHARLESR, COUNCIL, Chief, Registration Method~ Branch 

Public Health Service Publication No. 1000-Series 20-No. 3 

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 66-61305 
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CONTENTS 

Infant Mortality 

Cause of Death -----------------------------------------------------

Geographic Area, l959-63-------------------------------------------

Urban and Rural Areas in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Counties-­

Trend 

International Trends 

Cause of Death ---------------------------------------------------

Table 1. Infant and neonatal mortality rates, by color: birth-registration 

Page 

1


1 

2 

4 

4 

6 

7 

States or United Smtes, l9l5-63-----------------------------

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

Infant mortality rates, by age, color, and sex: United States,


l963------------------------------------------------------


Number and rate of infant and neonatal deaths under lyear and


under 28 days, by color and cause ofdeath: United States, 1963--


Number and rate of postneonatal deaths, by cause ofdeath and


color: United States, 1963-----------------------------------


Neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates ,byage,causeof death,


and sex: United States, 1963---------------------------------


Infant mortality rates, by color: United States, each region and


&vision, l959-63-------------------------------------------


Neonatal mortality rates, by color: United States,eachregion and


division, l959-63-------------------------------------------


Infant mortality rates, by color: United States andeach State, by


division, l959-63-------------------------------------------


Neonatal mortality rates, by color: United States and each State,


by division, l959-63----------------------------------------


Number of infant deaths under lyearandunder 28 days, by color:


United States, each region, division, and State, 1963-----------


Infant mortality rates, by color: urbanandrural areas in metro­


politan and nonmetropolitan counties in the United States,


l96O-63---------------------------------------------------


Infant mortality rates: selected countries, 1954-63------------


Infant mortality rates for 55 selected causes: United States,


l954-63---------------------------------------------------


9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

16 

18 

22 

26 

28 

29 

30 
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CONTENTS—Continued 

Page 

Fetal Mortality 

Color and Sex------------------------------------------------------

Age of Mother, Gestation, and Legitimacy 

Plurality 

Towl-Birth Order 

Geographic Area, l959-63-------------------------------------------

Table 14. Minimum period of gestation for which fetal death registration 

is required and fetal deaths, by period of gestation: United 

States and each State, l963--------------------------------

15.	 Number of fetal deaths and fe,tal death ratios, bycolor: birthregistration Stales, 1922-32, and United States, 1933-63------

16.	 Number and percent distribution of fetal deaths, by ageof 

mother, for specified periods of gestation: selected areas 

combined, 1963-------------------------------------------

17.	 Number of fetal deaths and fetal death ratios, by legitimacy 

status, color, and age of mother: total of34 reporting States, 

l963-----------------------------------------------------

18.	 Number of fetal deaths and fetal death rates, by color and 

pluralityof birth: United States, 1963------------------------

19.	 Fetal death rates, by age of mother and total-birth order: 

United States, 963----------------------------------------

20.	 Fetal death ratios, by color: United States, each region and 

division, 1959-63-----------------------------------------

21.	 Number of fetal deaths, by color: United States, each region, 

division, and State, 1963-----------------------------------

22.	 Fetal death ratios, by color: United States and each State, 

by division, 1959-63--------------------------------------

34 

34 

35 

35 

35 

36 

38 

42 

43 

44 

45 

45 

46 

48 

50 

4 
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CONTENTS-Continued 

Page ‘ 

Maternal Mortali~----------------------------------------------------

Tr~nd--------------;----------------------------------------------

Table 23. Maternal mortality rates, by color: birth-registration States 

or United States, 1915-63----------------------------------

24.	 Number of maternal deaths and maternal death rates for 

selected causes, byage and color: United States, 1963--------

25.	 Maternal mortality rates, by color: United States and each 

State, by division, 1961-63(3-year average)------------------

26.	 Maternal mortality rates, by color: United States, each region 

and division, 1961-63 (3-year average)----------------------

27.	 Maternal mortality rates forselected causes, by color: United 

States, 1952-54 and 1961-63 (3-year average)----------------

Qualifications of Data 

Sources of Data ----------------------------------------------------

Classification by ¤ce and Residence 

Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Counties 

Urban and Rural Areas 

Race and Color 

Fetal Batis 

Definition 

Period of Gestation 

Cause of Death -----------------------------------------------------

References 

54


54


56


57


59


60


61


62


62


62


62


62 “


63


63


63


63


64


64

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IN THIS REPOR T infant, fetal, and maternal mortality aye analyzed. Of 

the 103,390 infiznts who died in 1963 before the end of theiv first year of 

life, 3 out of 4 died duying the ftrst month. The infant movtality rate was 

25.2 deaths under 1 year per 1,000 live births. Prematurity, respiratory 

disordem, and congenital anomalies weye among leading causes of these 

deaths. The movtality Yisk was greater for nonwhite infants than foy white 

and for male infants than fov female. Infant mortality Yates weye highest 

in the South compayed with othey Yegions of the cowntyy. 

In 1963,94,194 fetal deaths were YegisteYed. This figzwe Represents only 

a small payt of total fetal loss in the United States. The fetal death ratio 

was 15.8 (fetal deaths of gestations of 20 weeks OY mo?’e plus those of 

gestation not stated pey 1,000 live biyths). Sex and color differences 

obsewed foy infant moytalit~ also we ye chayacteyistic of fetal deaths. 

Fetal loss was thyee times as great foy twin deliveries as foy single 

deliveries. Fetal loss was lowest for women having second pregnancies. 

Each advance in total-biyth ordey above the second showed increased 

moytality. Some vayiation in this pattern exists when changes in birth 

oydey aye considered separately foy each age-of- mothey gnwp. 

The numbey of repoyted matenzal deaths fo~ 1963 was 1,466. Matevnal 

conditions aye those assigned to deliveries and complications. of pyegnancy, childbirth, and the @eYpeYitim, Intenzational List NumbeYs 

640-689. Toxemia was the pyincipal cause among the causes of matenuzl 

moytality. The differential in rates by CO1OYwas moye substantial fo~ 

matemul mo~tality than foy eithey infant OYfetal moytality — matewaal 

mortality foy nonwhite women was fouv times gveate~ than for white 

women. Matem.al movtality rates weye higher in the South Region than 

in any othe?’ Ye@”onof the countyy. 

SYMBOLS 

Data notavailable 

Category nonapplicable . . . 

Quantity zero-------------------------: -

Quantity more than O but less than 0.05---- 0.0 

Figure does not meet standards of 

* reliability or precision 
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INFANT, FETAL, AND MATERNAL MORTALITY


UNITED STATES, 1963


Mary A. McCarthy, Division of Vital Statistics 

lNFANT MORTALITY 

The level of infant mortality in 1963 was The mortality risk for nonwhite infants was 

similar to that observed in recent years. Deaths twice as high as that for the white group, the 

of infants under 1 year of age totaled 103,390 in difference being greatest during the posmeonatal 

1963, and \he infant mortality rate was 25.2 per period (28 days to 11 months). Rates per 1,000 

1,000 live births; a rate of 25.3 was reported for live births are shown below by age and color. 

1961 c.nd 1962 (table 1). 

The number of infants who die during the 

neonatal period (under 28 days) form the major Ratio of 

portion of the infant mortality total—72 percent in l’?on- nonwhite 

1963. The risk of dying was greatest during the White white to white 

first 24 hours of life and then decreased thereafter. 

Of the infants who failed to survive the first year 

Under 1 year--- 22.2 41.5 1.87 

of life, 41 percent died during the first day after Under .28 days---- 16.7 26.1 1.56 

birth. 

The sex and color differences characteristic 28 days-n months- 5.5 15.4 2.80 

of infant mortality in the past were repeated for 

1963 (table 2). Rates for males were consistently CAUSE OF DEATH 

higher than those for females. These differences 

were substantial until the sixth month of life as 

Of the more definitive causes of infant death, 

the following rates per 1,000 live births at different respiratory disorders and congenital malformaages indicate: tions were among the chief causes of mortality. 

Almost half of the infant deaths were attributed to Male Female generalized or less defined conditions-posmatal 

Under 28 days 20.7 15.6 asphyxia and atelectasis, immaturity, unqualified, 

and ill-defined diseases (table 3). 

Under 1 day------------ 11.7 9.0 The principal causes of mortality are very 

Adverse conditions present during the fetal period 

7-27 days 2.0 1.6 of the child and events surrounding the birth are 

important among causes of neonatal deaths. 

28 days-11 months-- 7.7 6.3 Neonatal deaths followed the pattern of total infant 

1-5 months 5.8 4.6 

deaths. However, during the postneonatal period, 

pneumonia, except pneumonia of newborn, was the 

6-11 months 1.9 1.7 leading cause of mortality and accounted for 3 out 

1-6 days --------------- 7.0 5.0 different when observed by the age of the infant. 

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of 10 deaths. Mortality from congenital malformations, which was high in the neonatal period, was 

likewise important among causes of death during 

the postneonatal period (table 4). 

For leading causes of neonatal mortality, 

rates for the nonwhite group were about 1.5 times 

those for white infants with one exception— 

congenital malformations. The rates per 100,000 

live births for this cause were as follows: 

Under Undev 

1 28 

year days 

White 366.0 240.6 

Nonwhite 302.5 178.1 

The differences in rates for major causes were 

even greater for the posmeonatal period. 

Neonatal rates and those for the posmeonatal 

period for leading causes of death are shown by 

sex in table 5. The excess number of deaths for 

male infants was not due to any single cause or 

major cause group when detailed data were 

examined. 

GEOGRAPHIC AREA, 1959-63 

Infant and neonatal mortality rates by color 

are shown for each geographic division and region 

for 1959 through 1963 in tables 6 and 7. Frequencies and rates for individual States appear in 

tables 8-10. 

Infant mortality rates for the 50 States and the 

District of Columbia for 1963 are illustrated in 

figure 1, The rates range from a low of 18.6 per 

1,000 live births in Utah to 41.3 in Mississippi. 

Favorable mortality has long been characteristic 

of Utah. Demographic and health factors contributing to excess mortality in Mississippi may 

include the high proportion of nonwhite persons in 

the population (42 percent in 1960) and the 

relatively low rate of hospital utilization for 

obstetrical care by the nonwhite group. For 1963 

the percents of total births which occurred outside 

of hospitals were as follows: 

NonTotal White white 

United States 2.6 0.9 12.1 

Mississippi 25.7 0.9 47.6 

Infant mortality rates for nonwhite infants 

were higher than those for white infants in nearly 

all States. The exceptions were Hawaii and those 

areas for which the nonwhite populations 

constituted only a small part of the total population. 

The relative dispersion of rates by State from the 

mean (X) was larger for nonwhite than for white. 

The coefficients of variation for 1963 were 9.6 

for white and 24.5 for the nonwhite group. This 

relative measure (V) is the ratio of the standard 

deviation for a series to the mean for the same 

series and is expressed as a percent. 

In 1963 the total infant mortality rate was. 

below the rate for the United States for each 

State in the Northeast and North Central Regions. 

In both of these regions the proportion of the total 

population which was nonwhite in 1960 was considerably below the U.S. average. The following 

figures show the proportion of nonwhite persons 

in the total population of each region. 

United States 11.4 

Northeast 7.1 

North Central 7.0 

South 20.9 

West 7.9 

Among the four regions, infant mortality rates 

were higher in the South for both white and nonwhite during the period shown in table 6,1959-63. 

Also, the differential between death rates for 

white and nonwhite infants was slightly greater 

in the South Region. For 1963 the ratios of nonwhite infant mortality. rates to those of white were 

as follows: 

United States 1.87 

Northeast 1.85 

North Central 1.78 

South 1.91 

West 1.52 

The pattern of these ratios was parallel to differences by color in the percent of births which were 

medically attended (those in hospitals). 

2 
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W 25.2 -30.0 

&g!jlj 30., -40.0 

B OVER 40.0 

Figure 1. Infant mortality


White 

United States 99.1 

Northeast 99.5 

North Central---- 99.4 

South 98.3 

West 99.1 

Ratio of 

Non- white to 

white nonwhite 

87.9 1.12 

98.5 1.01 

97.2 1.02 

80.0 1.23 

97.9” 1.01 

The relative dispersion of infant mortality 

rates per 1,0001ive births by Stateas measured 

rates: each State, 1963


by the coefficient of variation(V) is shown below 

for each of the four geographic regions. The 

dispersion of rates from the mean is greatest in 

the West. 

Northeast 4.8 

North Central 5.8 

South 13.5 

West 16.2 

The infant mortality ratesforwhiteinfants ranged 

from 18.2 in Utah to 28.3 in Nev@a for 1963; 

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for nonwhite infants the range was from 21.3 in 

Oregon to 56.2 in Arizona and 57.6 in Mississippi. 

The rate observed in Arizona is related to the high 

mortality of Indians. For 1963 the infant mortalit y 

rate for Indians in Arizona was 62.4 per 1,000 

Iive births, and for all other races combined the 

rate was 24.4. As the following figures show, 

annual percent clianges in the rates for the West 

have been more consistent than for the other 

regions. 

1962- 1961- 1960- 1959- 1959-

1963 1962 1961 1960 1963 

Northeast-- -2.1 +2.1 -1.7 -2.1 -3.7 

North 

Central--- 0 -1.7 -1.3 -1.3 -4.2 

south to.7 +1.0 -4.9 -1.0 -4.2 

West -1.7 -1.7 -2.0 -2.0 -7.1 

Neonatal mortality rates were highest each 

year from 1959 to 1963 in the South Region for the 

total group and for white infants (table 7). However, 

the rates for nonwhite infants who died during the 

first month of life were highest in the Northeast 

Region. The Middle Atlantic Division accounted 

for this high regional neonatal rate for each of the 

years shown in table 7. Differences between the 

white and nonwhite rates were greatest in the 

Northeast. The nonwhite neonatal rate for this 

region has declined more substantial y since 1959 

than comparable rates for the other three regions. 

For white neonates and the total group the decrease 

was greatest for the West. The following figures 

indicate the percents of decline from 1959 to 

1963. 

Total White Nonwhite 

Northeast 3.8 4.1 10.4 

North Central 3.4 4.1 1.9 

South 4.3 3.9 4.0 

West ------------- 6.6 7.3 8.3 

Urban and Rural Areas in Metropolitan 

and Nonmetropolitan Counties 

The infant mortality rates per 1,000 live 

births for urban and rural areas in metropolitan 

and nonmetropolitan counties are shown below. 

For each year from 1960 through 1963 the rates 

have been consistently lowest for rural areas in 

metropolitan counties compared with the rates 

for the other areas: 

Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan 

Urban Rr.wal Urban Rural 

1963---- 24.8 21.9 27.2 27.4 

1962---- 25.3 22.0 26.8 26.8 

1961---- 25.0 22.2 27.2 26.8 

1960---- 25.8 22.5 27.9 28.0 

As defined by the Division of Vital Statistics, the 

rural part of a metropolitan area includes mainly 

the urban fringe. It is probable that heaIth 

facilities are more accessible than in nonmetropolitan rural areas. The proportion of births 

occurring in hospitals validates this assumption 

to some extent: 98.8 percent of metropolitan rural 

births were delivered in hospitals for 1963; for 

nonmetropolitan rural births the proportion was 

93.3. 

For white infants the death rates followed the 

same general pattern as those for the total group. 

However, the nonwhite infants have better survival 

rates in the urban part of metropolitan counties 

than in the other areas shown in table 11. 

TREND 

The infant mortality rate declined rapidly for 

many years (fig. 2). In a previous report it was 

noted that the change in the trend of the infant 

death rate began around 1949 or 1950.1 “During 

the period 1933-49, the infant mortality rate for 

all races decreased about 4.3 percent each year 

(slope computed by the method of least squares). 

4 
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100 

90 

80 

m 

i= 

z 

Id 

0. 

Z 

a 50


y


20 .“ 

.­

.Cuwe fitied by method of Ieosf squores from the 

equotion y= 46.53- 1.59x + .03x2 using origin 1939=.0 

0 I“illll 1111111llllllllill”l 111111{1111111111111111 

{915 f920 1925 J930 J935 1940 J945 1950 1955 1960 J965 

Figure 2, Trend of the infant mortality rate: birth-registration States or United States, 191!5-63.


5 

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. . . The mortality experience of white infants 

follows the same pattern as for the total infant 

mortality trend. For the nonwhites, the deceleration in the downward trend is even more 

marked. In the period 1933-49, the nonwhite 

infant mortality rate decreased 4.6 percent per 

annum.” (Fig. 3.) It was further noted that the 

change in trend for the neonatal rates occurred 

around 1950 (fig. 4) and for the posmeonatal rates 

about 1945 or 1946. The annual rates of decline 

were given as follows: 

Neonutal Postwonatal 

1935-49 1935-45 

White ---------- 3.0 5.0 

Nonwhite - 3.0 5.2 

For subsequent periods the rates of decline 

were computed using data through 1963. Between 

YEAR 

Figure 3. Infant mortal ity rates by color:


United States, 19W0-63.


I White — 

Nonwhite .=. 

I I 1 I I I 1 I 1 I I I I t i I I 1 1 1 I I I I I 

1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 

YEAR 

Fiaure 4. Neonatal mortality rates by color:


United States, 19~0-63.


1950 and 1963 the average annual decline in the 

infant mortality rate was 1.0 percent compared 

with 4.3 for 1933-49. Annual rates of decline for 

1950-63 for white and nonwhite of 1.3 and 0.6 

percent were likewise only fractions of those for 

1933-49. Although the rates ofdecrease for both 

neonatal and posmeonatal periods have dropped, 

the gap between the white and nonwhite rates has 

widened compared with figures for the earlier 

period. 

Ne~atal Postneondal 

1950-63 1946-63 

White ---------- 1.0 3.0 

Nonwhite 0.3 1.3 

International Trends


“An increasing number ofcountries have been 

experiencing lower infant mortality rates thanthe 

United States. Also, thegapbetween the rate for 

the United States and the figures for countries 

with the most favorable experience haswidened. r’2 

In their report, Moriyama and Shapiro included 

data through 1960 for the 11 countries shown in 

table 12. The authors stated that it was most 

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unlikely that international differences in registration practices accounted for the less favorable 

mortality picture in the United States. 

The infant mortality rates for the 11 countries 

for the most recent 10-year period are shown in 

table 12. The decrease in the rate for the United 

States between 1954 and 1963 was 5.3 percent— 

far less than comparable decreases for the other 

areas. 

Reasons for the international differences in 

infant mortaliv rates are currently being investigated by means of contract studies initiated by the 

National Center for Health Statistics with Denmark, England and Wales, the Netherlands, Norway, and Scotland. 

Cause of Death 

Infant mortality rates for 55 selected causes 

of death for 1954-63 are given in table 13. In this 

period the most important reduction in infant 

mortali~ involved those causes included in the 

broad category infective and parasitic diseases, 

001-138, the rate per 100,000 live births for 1963 

being 32.3 and that for 1954 being 48.6. 

The rate for congenital malformations (750-

759) has declined moderately since 1954—from 

376.3 per 100,000 live births to 355.8 in 1963. 

The mortality rate for certain diseases of early 

infant y (760-776) has likewise declined moderately 

since 1954. Within this broad category, the rates 

for certain subcategories have fluctuated, not 

necessarily from changes in mortality but because 

of shifts in classification. Chief among these 

changes is hyaline membrane disease not otherwise specified, which was reclassified in 1958 

from 527.2, Other diseases of lung and plural 

cavity, to 773, Ill-defined diseases peculiar to 

early infancy. During the period 1954-63, the rate 

for ill-defined diseases peculiar to early infancy, 

including nutritional maladjustment, 772 and 773, 

increased from 82.8 per 100,000 live births to 

253.2—an increase of over 200 percent. Part of 

this increase was due to reclassification in 1958 

and part due to the increasing frequency with 

which this condition is certified. Previously this 

disease could have been reported on the death 

records as asphyxia or immaturity, unqualified. 

Additional changes in the classification affecting 

cause-of-death code assignments are contained in 

another report. 3 As previously indicated, the 

mortality of nonwhite infants is greater than that 

for white for leading causes of death for 1963. 

One exception was noted, congenital malformations, 750-759. In addition, there is another 

cause for which the rates for white infants are 

higher than those for nonwhite infants. The rates 

for hemolytic disease of newborn (erythroblastosis), 770, for white infants are twice those for 

nonwhite infants for each of the 10years 1954-63. 

The rates per 100,000 live births for these 

causes are as follows: 

Congenital 

malformations 

NonWhite white 

1963 ------ 366.0 302.5 

l!262------ 366.9 300.0 

1961-\.---- 374.2 305.9 

1960 ------ 372.9 298.7 

1959 377.9 306.6 

1958 378.2 323.5 

1957 382.6 307.3 

1956------ 390.1 299.0 

1955 391.5 30:.4 

1954------ 392.2 286.4 

Hernolytic 

disease of 

newborn 

NonWhite white 

49.4 18.9 

52.5 19.3 

54.6 20.5 

55.4 23.0 

56.7 22.7 

61.1 29.9 

64.0 32.7 

60.9 32.5 

64.8 31.4 

67.0 30.5 

Among the hypotheses which have been offered 

to explain the difference in the rates by color for 

congenital malformations are the following: First, 

the risk of a pregnancy terminating in a malformed 

fetus rather that in a liveborn child dying soon 

after birth from a congenital defect may be 

greater for nonwhite women than white women. 

Second, the lack of a well-defined cause of death 

on a disproportionate number of certificates for 

nonwhite infants may understate the infant mortalit y rate for congenital malformations. 

The death rate per 100,000 live births for 

symptoms and ill-defined conditions (780-793, 795) 

for nonwhite was over 7?4 times the rate for 

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white infants for 1963; the differential was 

slightly greater in 1954. 

1963 1954 

White ----, 30.8 33.,6 

Nonwhite 234.0 283.1 

Ratio.of nonwhite’to white 7.6 8.4 

The differential between the rates for white 

and nonwhite infantd was considerable “for certain 

infections of the digestive and respiratory’ system 

in 1963. 

Ratio of 

Non- nonwhite 

White white to white 

Gastritis, duodenitis,


enteritis, and coli­


tis, except diarrhea


of newborn (543,571,


572) ------: 29.() 170.3 5.9


Influenza and pneumonia, except 

pneumonia of newborn (480-493) 154.6 556.1 3.6 

Although mortality from infections of the digestive 

system has decreased markedly over the last 10 

years for both color gqoups,, the death rates of 

influenza and pneumonia, except pneumonia “of 

newborn, in recent years have remained close to 

the level of 1954. 

,, Total White Nonwhite 

1963 ----;-- 217.5 !,154.6 556.1 

1962 21.5.6 156.1 534.9 ,, 

1961: 21S.6 161.3 508.3 

1954 ------: 206.3 154.1 519.8 

.. .. , 

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Table 1. Infant and neonatal mortality rate.%~$l;o&r: birth-registrationStates or United States,


@efers only to deaths occurring within the specified area. Alaska included beginning 1959, and Hawaii, 1960. prior to 1933, data are for birthregistration States only. Excludes fetal deaths. Rates are deaths under 1 year and under 2S day:] 

Infant mortality rate Neonatalmortality rate


Year


~‘Otal 

Rates per.1,000 live births 

19631----------------------------- 25.: 22.2 41.! 18.2 16.7 26.1 

19621.........--------- 25.: 22.3 41.4 18.3 16.9 26.1 

1961------------------------------ 25.: 22.4 40.7 18.4 16,5 26.2 

1960------------------------------ 26.C 22.9 43.2 lk.7 17.2 26.9 

1959------------------------------ 26.4 23.2 44.c 19.0 17.5 27.7 

1958 .........--------- 27.1 23.8 45.7 19.5 17.8 29.0 

1957------------------------------ 26.2 23.3 43.7 19.1 17.5 27.8 

1956------------------------------ 26.C 23.2 42.1 18.9 17.5 27.0 

1955 ..........----------- 26.4 23.6 42.8 19.1 17.7 27.2 

1954------------------------------ 26.C 23.9 42,5 19.1 17.8 27.0 

1953------------------------------ 27.E 25.0 44.7 19.6 18.3 27.4 

1952------------------------------ 28.4 25.5 47.C 19.8 18.5 28.0 

1951------------------------------ 28.4 25.8 44.e 20.0 18.9 27.3 

1950------------------------------ 29.> 26.8 44.: 20.5 19.4 27.5 

1949----, 31.2 28.9 47.3 21.4 20.3 28.6 

1948------------------------------ 32.C 29.9 46.5 22.2 21.2 29.1 

1947------------------------------ 32.2 30.1 48.5 22.8 21.7 31.0 

1946------------------------------ 33.8 31.8 49.5 24.0 23.1 31.5 

1945------------------------------ 38.2 35.6 57.C 24.3 23.3 32.0 

1944.........--------- 39*E 36.9 60.3 24.7 23.6 32.5 

1943------------------------------ 40.4 37.5 62.5 24.7 23.7 32.9 

1942------------------------------ 40.4 37.3 64.6 25.7 24.5 34.6 

1941------------------------------ 45.3 41.2 74.8 27.7 26.1 39.0 

1940------------------------------ 47.0 43.2 73.8 28.8 27.2 39.7 

1935-39 ----.------..----- 53.2 49.2 81.3 31.0 29.5 41.4 

1930-34~-------------------------- 60.4 55.7 92.9 34.4 32.8 45.5 

1925-29--------------------------- 69.0 65.0 105.4 37.2 36.0 47.9 

1920-24 ---.----.------- 76.7 73.3 115.3 39.7 38.7 51.1 

1915-19--------------.--------.:-- 95.7 92.8 149.7 43.4 42.3 58.1 

lFiWres by color exclude data for residents Of New Jersey. 

‘For 1932-34,Mexicans are included with “Nonwhite.” 

9

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----------

-------

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Table 2. InfantUIOrtFtlitY rates, by age, color, and sex: United state~, 1963 

[R~rer~ ‘nly @deaths Occurriw ~~ithjn the U.ited States.ItAdes fetal deaths. Figures by color exclude data for residents of New Jersey]

Total White Nonwhite


Age


Both


sexes Male ‘Female Both Male Feyale Both Male Female
 sexes sexes


Sates per 100,000 live births


Under 1 year 2,522.9 2,842.3 2,186.7 2,216.5 2,514.0 1,902.0 ~9149.4 4,598.0 3,687.1
 — — — — —


Under 28 days 1,821.6 2,072.9 1,557.0 1,667.8 1,907.8 1,414.1 2,610,0 2,923.1 2,287.4


Under 1 day 1,037.5 1,171.6 896.5 954,1 1,080.0 821.0 1,456.8 1,636,6 1,271.6 

Under 1 hour 19.9.3 212.1 185.8 187.7 197.1 177.8 264.5 298.3 229.7 

1-23 hours 838.3 959.5 710.7 766.4 882.9 643.2 1,192.3 1,338.3 1,041.9 

,1day 265.6 304.8 224.4 248.1 286.0 208.1 353.7 398..2 307.9 

2 days 168.2 202.3 132.3 162,3 197.3 125,2 203.2 234.7 170.6 

3 days 72.9 86.6 58.4 67.4 81.8 52.2 102.4 111.7 92.8 

4 days 41.8 47.4 35.9 36.6 41.2 31,8 68.6 79.3 57.5 

5 days 30.7 33.7 27.6 27.1 29.8 24.4 50.4 54.9 45.8 

6 days 22.4 24.6 20.1 19.8 22.0 17.4 37.2 38.2 36,2 

7-13 days 85.7 93.2 77.7 74.4 82.1 66.4 142.3 148.7 135.7 

14-20 days 52.8 58.9 46.4 42.7 47.6 37.5 106.1 118.8 93.1 

21-27 days 43.9 49.8 37.7 35.3 40.1 30.2 89.4 102.1 76.3 

28-59 daya 162.5 183.7 140.2 129.8 147.2 111.3 342.0 387.4 295.2 

2 months 129.4 145.1 112.8 101.9 115.1 87.9 280.6 310.3 250,1 

3 months 99.2 108.8 89.2 76.3 85.4 66.6 225.7 239.4 211.6 

4 months 75.0 82.6 67.1 57.2 63.0 51.1 173.4 190.3 156.0 

5 months 55.8 62.5 48.8 41.7 46.9 36.1 131,5 146.8 115.7 

6 months 45.0 46.7 43.2 33.6 35.0 32.2 107.2 111.7 102.6 

7 months 36.4 39.2 33.4 28.5 31.7 25,2 79.2 81.1 77.2 

8 months 29.7 31.1 28.3 23.4 24.7 22.0 63.5 66,6 60.4 

9 months 24.7 24.3 25.2 20.2 19.8 20.7 50.2 49.7 50,8 

10 months 22.1 22.5 21.7 18.7 19.1 18.2 41.0 40.7 41,3 

11 months 21.6 23,1 19.9 17.4 18.2 16.6 44.9 50.9 38,8 

10

-----

------------------------------

--------------------------------------

--------------------------------------

Table 3. Number and rate of infant and neonatal deaths under 1 year and under 28 days, by color and


cause of death: United States, 1963


~Refers only b deaths occurring
 within the United States. Excludes fetal deaths. Numbers after causes ofdeath mecatego~numbers oFthe Seventi Revision of the International Lists. 1955. Fkmres bv color exclude data for residents of New Jersevl.. 

Under 1 year Under 28 days


Color and cause of death Rate per Rate p.-


Number 100,000 Number 100,000


Total


All causes-.---7---------------------------


Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis-----------------762


Maturity, unqualified----------------------------776


Congenital malformations-----------------------750-759


Ill-defined diseases peculiar.to early


infancy; including nutritional maladjustment--772,773


Birth injuries---------------------------------76O,
 761


All other causes Residual


White
 -


All causes


Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis-----------------762


Immaturity, unqualified----------------------------776


Congenital malformations-----------------------75O-759


Ill-defined diseases peculiar to early


infancy, including nutritional maladjustment--772,773


Birth injuries---------------------------------760,761


All other causes------------------------------Residual


Nonwhite


All causes


Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis-----------------762


Immaturity, unqualified----------------------------776


Congenital malformations-----------------------75O-759


Ill-defined diseases peculiar to early


infancy, including nutritional maladjustment--772,773


Birth injuries--------------------------.-------76O
 ,761


All other causes----------------.-------------Residual


live births ive births


103,390 2,522.9 74,648 1,821.6 

17,934 437.6 17,692 431.7 

16,769 409.2 16,667 406.7 

14,581 355.8 9,454 230.i 

10,375 253.2 9,683 236.3 

8,954 218.5 8,944 218.3 

34,777 848.6 12,208 297.9 

73,727 2,216.5 55,477 1,667.8 

13,286 399.4 13,121 394.5 

11,535 346.8 11,495 345.6 

12,173 366.0 8,004 240.6 

7,573 227.7 7,291 219.2 

7,111 213.8 7,105 213.6 

22,049 662.9 8,461 254.4 

26,511 4,149.3 16,676 2,610.0 

3,816 597.3 3,743 .585,8 

4,736 741.2 4,675 731.7 

1,933 .302.5 1,138 178.1 

2,556 400.0 2>154 337.1 

1,575 246.5 1,571 245.9 

11,895 1>861.7 3,395 531.4 

11

-----------------------------

Table 4. Number and rate of postneonataldeaths, by cause of death and color: United States, 1963


[Refers only to deaths occurring wibhin the United States. Excludes fetal deaths. Rates are deaths from 2S days through 11 months. Numbers 

after causes of death are category numbers of the Seventh Revision of the International Lists, 1955. Figures by color exclude data for 

residents of New Jersey] 

Tots1 White Nonwhite


Cause of death Rate Rate Rate 

per per per 

Number 100,000 Number L(ll$~OONumber .00,000 

live live 

births births )irths


—.


All causes 28,742 701.4 18,250 548.7 9,835 .,539.3 

Influenzaand pneumonia,except 

pneumoniaof newborn-----------------48O-493 8,887 216.9 5,128 15;.; b,542 554.4 

Influenza---------------------------480-483 329 8.0 151 . 175 27.4 

pneumonia,except pneumonia 

of newborn-------------------------49O-4938,558 208.8 4,977 149.6 3,367 527.0 

Congenitalmalformations--------------75O-7595,127 125.1 4,169 125.3 795 124.4 

Accidents---------------------------E800-E9622,998 73:2 2,066 62.1 842 131.8 

Gastritis,duodenitis,enteritis, 

and colitis,except diarrhea of 

newbom--------------------------543,57l, 572 2,084 50.9 959 28.8 1,085 169.8


Symptomsand ill-defined


conditions-----------------------78O-793, 795
 1,631 39,8 688 20.7 937 146.7


All other causes---------------------Residual 8,015 195.6 5,240 157.5 2,634 412.3


12

--------------------------------------------------------

Table 5. Neonatal and postneonata,lmortality r;;:;, by ag~cause OE death,and sex: United States,


kefers only to deaths occurring within the United States. Excludes fetal deaths. Numbers after causes ofdeath arecategognumbers of the€

Seventh Revision of the International Lists, 1955J€

Age and cause of death


Rates per


Under 28 davs 100;000 live births


All causes---------------------------------L---------------------- 2.072.9 1.557.0


Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis--------------.-y------------------762


Immaturity, unqualified----------------------------------------------776


Congenital malformat.ions-----------------------------------------750-759


Ill-defined diseases peculiar to early infancy, including


nutritional mladjustment---------------------------------------772,77~


Birth injuries---------------------------------------------------76!,76l


All other causes----"--------------------------------------------Res~dual


28 days to 11 months


All causes


Influenza and pneumonia, except pneumonia of newborn-------------48O-493


Congenital mlformations-----------------------------------------75O-759


Accidents ------------------------------------------------------E8OO-E962


Gastritis,duodenitis,enteritis,and colitis, excePt


diarrhea of newborn-----------------------------------------543,57l,572


Symptoms and ill-definedconditions--------------------------780-793>795


All other causes------------------------------------------------Residml


503.1 356.6


450.8 ;:;.;
 249.8 .


279.7 190.6


256.3 178.2


333.2 260.7


.:


769.4 629.8


241.3 191.1


128.2 1:;.;”


79.1 .


56.7 44.7


43.5 35.9


220.6 169.3


., 

13

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------------------

----------------------

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------------------

----------------------------

Table 6. Infantmortality rates, by color: United States, each region and division, 19,59+3 

[By place of residence. Refers only to deaths occurring within the United States. Excludes fetal deaths. Rates aredeatlr~ under k year] 

1963 1962


Region and division ., 

Total White Non- “ Total White Nonwhite white 

United Statesl,2--------------


All regions


Northeast


North Central


South


West2-------------------------------


Northeast


New England


Middle Atlanti.cl


North Central


East North Central


West North Central


SOU th


South Atlantic


East South Central


West South Central


West


Mountain


Pacific2----------------------------


Rates per 1,000 live births


25.2 22.2 41.5 25.3 22.3 41.4


23.4 21.3 39*5 23.9 21.9 40.9


23.0 21.4 38.X 23.0 21.3 37.7


29*4 23.7 45.2 29.2 23.6 44.4


23.4 2L.2 32.3 23.8 22.6 33.5


22.0 21.3 36.2 22.7 22.0 37.8


23.8 21.3 40.0 24.3 21.8 41.3


23.3 21.5 37.8 23.2 21,4 37.5


22.3 21.1 39.7 22.4 21.3 38.6


29.4 22.9 44.9 29.2 22.9 44.6


31.8 24.5 49.6 31.1 24.6 46.9


27.9 24.1 41.6 27.7 24.0 41.8


26.1 24.1 48.3 26.2 24.6 45.3


22.4 21.5 28.6 22.9 21.8 30.7


lFi~res by color for 1962 and 1963 exclude data for residents of New Jersey. 

2ExcludesHawaii prior to 1960. 

14

Table 6. Infant mortality rates, by color: United States, each region and division, 1959-63-con.


. [Sy place of residence. Refers only to deaths occurring within the Urrited States. Excludes fetal deaths. Rates aredeaths under lyear] 

1961 1959

I 

Non- Non- NonTotal II White white Total White white Total White white 

Ii 

Rates per 1,000 live births


25.3 22.4 40.7 26.0 22.9 43.2 26.4 23.2 44.0


23,.4 21.4 40.5 23.8 21.9 40.8 24.3 22.2 43.3


23.4 22.0 36.8 23.7 22.0 40.0 24.0 22.3 39.6


28.9 23.4 43.9 30.4 24.5 46.8 30.7 24.7 46.9


24.2 23.2 32.3 24.7 23.5 34.4 25.2 24.0 36.9


22.6 22.0 34.6 22.2 21.7 35.2 22.9 22.1 43.4


23.6 21..1 41.1 24.3 22.0 41.4 24.8 22.2 43.3


23.7 22.1 36.2 24.0 22.1 39.4 24.5 22.7 39.0


22.8 21.7 39.2 23.0 21.7 42.5 22.7 21.4 42.4


.-. 29.1 22.8 44.3 30.6 23.6 47.2 31.6 24.6 47.9
 .,. 

31.1 25.0 45.8 32.3 25.6 48.4 31.7 25.4 46.6


27.2 23.3 41.2 29.0 24.9 44.3 28.7 24.4 45.0


. 

26.6 25.0 45.5 27.7 25.7 51.7 28.1 26.4 49.2


23.3 22.5 29.3 23.6 22.6 30.5 24.1 23.0 33.3


15

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--------------------

------------------

------------------

----------------------

------------------

------------------

----------------------------

Table 7’. Neonatal mortality rates,by color: United’States, each region and division, 1959-63


[Byplace of residence. Refers only bdeaths occuting tithinthe United States. Excl.des fetal deaths. Rates aredeflths under ?6 day&] 

“Region and division


United Statesl ,2-L----------L­
 .,...,


All regions


NortheastI------------’


North Central


South-------------------------------


West2 ---------------.----------.----


Northeast


New England


Middle Atlanticl


North Central


East North Central


West North Central


South


South Atlantic


East South Central


West South Central


West


Mountain


Pacific2----------------------------


1
 ~Figures by color for 1962 and 1963 exclude data for residents of New Jersey.


I 

1963 I 1962 

Total White	 Non- Non -
 white Total White white


Rates per ’1,000 live births


18.2 16.7 26.1 18.3. 16.9 26.1


17.8 16.3 28.5 18.2 16.9 29.3


17.3 16.3 26.5- 17.2 16.2 26.2


19.9 17.5 26.5 20.0 17.7 26.2


17.1 16.5 21.0 17.1 16.6 21.4


16.8 16.3 26.4 17.4 16.9 26.6


18.2 16.3 28.8 18.5 16.9 29.7


17.6 16.4 26.9 17.5 16.3 26.7


16.7 16.1 25.1 16.7 16.2 24.1


19.8 17.3 25.8 19.9 17.4 25.8


20.9 17.7 28.6 20.9” 18.3 27.1


19.4 17.6 25.9 19.4 17.6 26.2


18.2 17.8 23.1 18..2 17.9 21.6


16.6 16.1 20.6 16.8 16.1 21.3


“Excludes Hawaii prior to 1960.


16

Table 7. Neonatal mortality rates,by color: United States, each region and division,1959-63-Con.


~iyElate of residence. Refers only to deaths occurrin: within the {’nited States. ~xcludes fet?.1 deaths. Eatesare deaths undcr28d8.$;s 1 

1961 1960 1959


Non- Non-
 Total White white Total White white Total


-


Rates’for 1,000 live births


16.9 26.2 18.7 17.2 26.: 19.0 17.5 27.7 

~7.$ 16.5 29.9 18.1 16.E 29.! 18.5 17.0 31.8


17.: 16.6 26.0 17.e 16.7 27.: 17.9 17.0 27.0


19.: 17.6 26.3 20,5 18.1 27.1 20.8 18.2 27.6


17.t 17.1 21.1 17.8 17.3 21.4 18.3 17.8 22.9


17.2 16.9 25.7 16.9 16.5 25.? 17.3 16.8 31.2


18.1 16.4 30.3 18.5 16.9 30.C 18.9 17.1 31.8


17.E 16.7 26.1 L8.o 16.8 27.3 18.3 17.2 27.0


17.. c 16.5 25.8 17.2 16.6 26.9 17.1 16.4 27.0


20.1 17.5 26.5 20.6 17.7 27.5 21.3 18.6 27.8


21.1 18.6 26.9 21.2 18.8 27.0 21.2 18.6 27.5


18.8 17.0 .25.5 19.9 18.2 26.5 19.7 17.6 27.2


18.9 1.8.5 23.9 19.0 18.7 22.4 19.8 19.5 24.1


17.,1 16.6 20.5 17,3 16..8 21.2 17.7 17.2 22.6


17

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--------

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----------------------

----------------------

--------------------------

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--- --- --- ---

Table 8. Infant mortality rates, by color: United States and each State, by division, 1959-63 ~


[Byplaceofresidence. Refers
only todeaths occurring within the United States. Excludes fetal deaths. Rates aredeathsunderl year. Asteriek indicates rate based on a frequency of less than 20] 

1963 I 1962 

,Divisionand State 

Total White Nonwhite Total White Nonwhite


Rates per 1,000 live births 

United States1~2------------- 25.2 22.2 41.5 25.3 22.3 41.4 

New England 

Maine.........................---- 24.1 24.1 *z4.6 25.3 25.2 *3z,g 

New Hampshire 22.7 22.6 *27*3 22.1 21.9 *43.5 

Vermont ................--- 24.6 24.7 22.7 22.8 

Massachusetts 20.6 20.2 29.6 21.8 21.3 33.2 

Rhode Island 23.9 22.5 54.7 25.5 24.5 48.6 

Connecticut 22.7 21.0 41.0 22.7 21.0 41.2 

Middle Atlantic


New ~O&-------------------------- 24.0 21.2 39.4 24.7 21.7 42.3


New Jersey 23.7 23.8


Pennsylvania 23.7 21.4 41.3 24.0 22.0 39.3


East North Central


Ohio ................------ 23.2 21.6 36.9 22.8 21.0 37.9


Indiana....................-...Q.- 23.4 21.9 39.5 23.2 21.9 38.0


Illinois-.-*.-..........-------- 23.9 20.9 38.7 24.0 21.3 37.5


Michigan.................--------- 23.2 21.5 36.9 24,0 22.4 36.8


Wisconsin 22.3 21.8 33.7 20.7 19.9 39.0


West North Central


Minnesota 20.8 20.6 29.1 20.9 20.6 33.9 

Iowa--.-Q..-...................--- 20.6 20.4 33.7 19.8 19.5 34.2 

Missouri 24.1 21.4 41.0 25.4 23.1 39.1 

North Dakota 24.( 23.t 43.3 22.6 22.0 35.7 

South Dakota 24.7 22.7 46.6 25.3 22.9 54.2 

Nebraska 21.t 20.6 40.5 20.8 20.0 35.9 

~nsas 22.4 21.? 37.8 22.3 21.4 35.7 

lFigures by color for 1962 and 1963 exclude data fox residents f New Jersey.


2ExcludesHawaii prior to 1960.


18

,.. 

Table 8. Infant mortality rateqby color: United States and each Statqby division, 1959-63—Con.


[Byplace ofresidence. Refers ~nlytideaths occuting tithinthe United Stabs. Excludes fetal deaths. Rates are deaths underl year. Asterisk indicates rate based on a frequency of less than 201 

1961


Total II White I Nonwhite 

25.3 22.4 40.7


25.3 25.2 *27.: 

24.4 24.4 *16.j 

27.2 27.2 . 

21.6 21.1 33.1 

22.-5 22.3 26.6 

22.3 20.9 38.6 

23.7 21.1 40.3


23.6 20.7 41.5


23.6 21.3 42.3


23.1 21.7 35.4


24.0 22.5 40.1


24.3 21.8 37.2


23.9 22.6 34.3


22.7 22.3 31.7


22.2 22.0 34.1


20.6 20.4 34.2


24.7 21.9 42.4


23.2 22.2 45.6


25.1 22.7 53.2


22.8 22.2 33.4


22.1 21.8 26.2


I 

1960 1959


Total White Nonwhite Total White Nonwhite


Rates per 1,000 live births


26.0 22.9 43.2 26.4 23.2 44.0


25.5 25.7 *12.9 26.1 26.2 *19.8 

23.6 23.7 *lo.6 22.1 22.0 *38,5 

24.1 24.2 23.7 23.7 

21.6 21.1 34.4 22.3 21.8 35.5 

23.3 22.4 44.4 24.0 23.7 31.7 

21.1 20.0 36.9 22.4 20.3 60.0 

24.1 21.5 41.6 24.7 22.1 42.6


24.6 21.9 41.7 24.6 21.7 43.9


24.5 22.6 40.6 24.9 22.7 44.0


24.0 22.2 39.4 25.0 23.0 41.3


23.9 22.6 37.7 23.4 22.0 38.6


25.0 22.2 39.6 25.0 22.4 38.6


24.1 22.1 40.4 24.4 23.0 35.9


21.8 21.2 35.3 23.4 22.6 45.7


21.6 21.6 22.6 21.1 20.8 34.7


21.9 21.7 35.2 21.5 21.2 38.6


24.7 21.4 45.4 24.5 21.6 42.6


24.8 24.1 43.3 23.7 23,0 42.3


28.1 24.2 76.0 22.9 20.1 61.4


21.9 21.3 34.3 23.5 22.6 42.8


22.1 21.3 33.4 22.6 21.4 39.1


19

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--------------------

---------------------------

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-------------------------

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-----------------------------

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------------------------

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------------------------

----------------------------

Table 8. Infant mortalityrates,by color: United Statea and each State,by division, 1959-63—Con,


[By place of residence. Refers on[y to deaths occurring within the United States. ExcIudes fetal deaths. Ratss aredeaths under lyear. .Lsteriskindicates rate basedon afrequency oflessthan W] 

1963 1962


Division and State


Tots1 White Nonwhite Tota1 White Nonwhite


South Atlantic


Delaware


Maryland


Districtof Columbia


Virginia


West Virginia


North Carolina


South Carolina


Georgia


Florida -----.--


East South Central


Kentucky


Tennessee


Alabama


Mississippi


West South Central


Arkansas


Louisiana


Oklahoma


Texas


Mountain


Montana


Idaho


Wyoming


Colorado


New Mexico


Arizona


Utah


Nevada


Pacific


Washington


Oregon


California


Alaska


Hawaii3-------------------d-------


Rates per 1,000 live births


24.5 20.3 41.2 21.5 17.9 36.4


25.6 21.6 39.8 26.8 22.4 42.5


33.0 25.4 36.1 34.9 26.4 38.3


29.2 24.1 45.0 29.2 23.9 45.8


26.1 25.6 36.6 26.5 26.1 34.3


31.2 22.2 50.8 30.5 22.2 48.7


33.0 22.4 48.1 31.5 23.5 42.8


31.0 23.0 45.8 30.1 22.3 44.4


27.9 22.6 42.7 28.5 22.3 46.0


27.8 26.3 44.4 26.9 25.1 45.6


28,0 23.5 44.2 28.7 24.8 42.2


32.2 24.5 45.3 30,8 23.0 43.9’


41.3 22.9 57.6 40,0 25.7 52.6


28.5 23.4 41.4 28.8 24.3 39.8’


30.4 20.6 45.5 31.3 21.8 45.9


24.3 22.3 35.5 23.8 21.9 36.0


27.6 25.5 39.3 27.1 24.9 39.7


24.2 22.3 46.6 25.9 24.0 48.8


22.8 22.4 *43.4 24,1 24.1 VY23.


28.5 27.7 *47.9 30.3 29.7 *46,1


25.9 25.6 34.0 25.2 24.4 45,5’


30.5 28.2 46.6 30.0 28.5 41.2


28.8 23.3 56.2 28.5 24.3 50.0


18.6 18.2 34.4 19.7 19.1 40.9


30.3 28.3 46.1 29.7 28.8 36.3


22.1 20.9 39.6 22.8 21.7 41.7


21.4 21.4 21.3 21.9 21.6 31.5


22.3 21.5 28.3 22.9 21.9 30.7


31.9 24.8 46.7 34.2 22.2 59.0


22.5 20.7 23.? 20.8 18.3 22.0


3J77gur-s for 1959 are by pkCe Of OCCU?XellCe. 

20 

5 
Tabls 8. Infant mortality rates,by color: United States and each State,by division, 1959-63—Con. 

[Byplace of residence. Refers only todeaths occurring within the United States. Excludes fetal dee.ths. Rates aredeathsunderl year. ~s. -, terisk” indicates rate basedon afrequency oflessthnn20J 

1961


Total White Nonwhite


26.2 20.7 47.9 

25.7 21.0 41.7 

35.6 27.2 39.2 

.28.0 23.1 43.1 

26.7 26.3 33.7 

30.7 22.6 48.3 

32.4 22.7 45.7 

29.4 21.5 43.4 

28.9 23.2 44.9 

27.8 26.1 46.0


29.2 25.5 42.3


31,1 23.7 43.6


37.8 23.6 ., 49.9


27.5 21.8 4q 9


30.3 21.6 43.7


24.0 22.1 35.7


26.7 24.3 40.0


25.6 23.7 47.5 

23.1 23.0 *28.5 

27.0 26.0 *52.3 

26.2 25.8 37.1 

29.6 28.2 40.3 

30.6 26.6 52.4 

20.3 19.8 41.9 

28.3 26.6 41.1 

22.7 21.8 37.5


22.9 22.6 31.8


23.3 22.5 28.9


37.0 25.7 60.2


21.7 21.8 21.6


1960


Total White Nonwhite


‘Rates per 1,000 live births


23.8 17.8 50.( 

27.3 22.3 44.t 

36.4 29.4 39.( 

29.8 24.6 45.: 

25.5 ‘. 

24.8 37.7 

31.7 22.3 52.4 

34.3 23.9 48.2 

33.0 24.6 48.1 

29.7 23.6 46.1 

27.9 26.0 48.?


29.4 25.3 43.5


32.4 24.9 45.C


41.6 26.6 54.3


27.4 22.5 38.7


32.0 22.6 46.9


25.5 22.7 42.8


28.9 26.3 43.9


25.0 24.2 34.5


22.9 22.7 *33.3


28.2 27.5 *48.6


27.5 26.9 44.0


33.2 30.9 52.8


31.9 26.6 60.8


19.6 18.8 54.0


30.1 29.6 33.9


23.4 22.7 36.7


23.2 23.0 29.2


23.3 22.5 29.7


40.5 27.9 68.2


23.2 21.5 24.0


1959
 ,.


Total White Nonwhite


24.t 20.8 42.5


28.{ 23.1 46.5


36.~ 31.4 39.4


31.( 24.2 49.C


27.2 26.; 32.8
 :.
 32.; 24.4 50.2


35.[ 23.6 ““” 50.1


32.! 24.3 47.5


31.7 25.3 48.7


.,


27.? 26.3 37.9


30.: 26.4 43.6


31.E 23.5 45.3


39.C 24.6 51.3


26.? 22.4 36.2 

32.9 21.9 50.1 

24.1 21.5 40.4 

28.5 25.9 43.9 

24.5 22.6 50,8 

22.2 21.8 *44.5 

26.9 26.1 *52.o 

28.8 28.3 41.8 

32.9 31.2 47:3 

33.1 29.3 52.6 

20.0 19.7 34.8 

32.4 28.9 56.8 ,, 

24.0 23.1 39.2


25.1 24.8 35.4


23.6 22.8 30.5


42.9 26.9 72.9


24.0 23.3 24.3


21 
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Table 9. Neonatal mortalityrates, by color: United States and each State, by divj-si.on, 1959-63 

@y F&Weof residence. Refers only tocleaths occurring within the United States. Exckfes feta[ deaths. Rates aredeaths under 28 days. .4sterisk indicates mtebasedon a frequeneyqf less than WI 

1963 1962 

Di,vLsion and State i 

Total White “Nonwhite Total mite Nonwhi&


Rates per 1,000 live births


United StatesL2 18.2 16.7 26.1 18.3 16.9


i 

New England


I 

Maine 18.o 18.0 *14.1 18.0 18.0 *18.2 

New Hampshire 17.9 17.9 *18.2 17.0 16.9 *32.6 

Vermont 19.0 19.1 18.2 18.2 

Massachusetts 15.7 15.4 21.0 16.5 16.3 22.7 

Rhode Island 18.5 17.5 39.4 20.0 19.5 31.9 

Connecticut 17.3 16.0 30.9 17.8 16.7 30.3 

Middle Atlantic


New York 17.9 16.1 28.2 18.6 16.7 30.0


New Jersey 18.8 18.3


Pennsylvania 18.2 16.7 30.2 18.5 17.1 28.9


East North Central


Ohio 17.8 16.7 26.9 17.7 16.4 28.4


Indiana 17.6 16.5 29.2 17.4 16.5 27.4


Illinois 17.7 15.9 26.6 17.7 16.1 25.5


Michigan 17.4 16.2 26.9 17.9 16.8 26.8


Wisconsin 16.9 16.6 24.7 15.8 15.3 27.6


West North Central


Minnesota 15.9 15.9 16.6 15.7 15.6 20.0


Iowa -.----.--.q- 15.4 15.3 21.8 15.0 14.8 24.7


Missouri 17.6 16,.0 27.4 18.9 17.8 26.0
.-

North Dakota 18.3 18.4 *17.9 16.8 16.8 *17.1


South Dakota 17.9 17.9 17.7 17.4 17.4 17.8


Nebraska 16.8 16.4 22.9 15.5 15.0 24.3


Kansas 17.1 16.3 27.3 16.8 16.4 22.4


lFiguresby color for 1962 and 1963 exclude data for residents IfNew Jersey.


2ExcludesHawaii prior to 1960.


22

.

Table 9. Neonatal mortality rates,by color:UnitedStates and each State,by division,1959-63-Con.


[By place of residence. Refers only todeaths occurring within the United States. Excludes fetal deaths. Rates aredeaths under 28 days. .Asteriak indicates rate based on a frequency of less than 20] 

1961 1960 1959


Total White Nonwhite Total White Nonwhite Total White Nonwhite 

Rates per 1,000 live births 

18.4 16.9 26.: 18.7 17.2 26.9 19.0 17.5 27.7 

18.7 18.7 *15.~ 18.9 19.0 *6.5 19.0 19.0 *19.8 

17.3 17.3 *16.J 18.9 19.0 *lo,6 16.4 16.4 *25,6 

20.7 20.7 18.7 18.7 16.5 16.5 

16.6 16.4 23.7 16.4 16.1 24.3 16.8 16.6 24.0 

16.9 17.0 *14.6 16.3 15.6 32.3 18.2 18.1 *20.3 

,*.J.7.3 J ., ..! :. 16.3 30.7 16.4 15.7 27.1 17.6 16.1 45.6 

!,$,J
.
 ‘,>~y:
 -’


18.1 16.3 29.7 18.3 16.4 30.8 18.7 16.9 31.5


18.1 16.0 30.9 18.5 17.0 28.6 18.8 16.9 31.7


18.2 16.6 31.3 18.9 17.7 29.5 19.1 17.6 32.5


17.9 16.8 27.3 18.4 17.1 29.8 19.3 17.9 31.2


17.6 16.5 28.8 17.5 16.8 25.7 17.1 ](.4 25.5


17.8 16.3 25.3 18.1 16.8 25.3 18.0 16.8 24.6


18.0 17.0 25.6 18.3 16.9 29.9 1’ 5 17.6 26.0


17.2 17.0 22.8 16.5 16.3 22.2 17.6 17.4 ?~.z


16.4 16.4 19.8 16.0 16.1 *11*0 15.9 15.8 22.1


15.6 15.5 21.8 16.7 16.6 24.1 16.6 16.5 25.4


18.1 16.4 29.0 18.0 16.1 30.4 18.2 16.5 28.2


17.8 17.4 *27.9 19.1 18.9 *22.4 18.1 18.1 *19.5


18.3 17.6 26.2 19.6 18.6 32.0 15.4 14.8 23.4


17.6 17.4 22.1 17.3 17.0 24.4 17.5 17.1 26.2


16.8 16.7 17.9 16.9 16.5 21.7 17.4 16.6 27.4


.,,
 .
 .


23

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----------------

------------------------

---------------------------

,.,

.. .

Table 9, Neonatal mortalityrates,by color:UnitedStates and each State,bydivision,1959-63-Con.


[Byplace of residence. Refers only to deaths occurring witlrin the United States. Excludes, fetal deaths. Rates are deaths under 28 days. .Asteriskindica;es rate based one. frequency of less than 20] 

1963 1962 

Division and State I I 

Total White Nonwhite Total White Nonwhite


South Atlantic


Delaware


Maryland


District of Columbia


Virginia


West Virginia


North Carolina


South Carolina


Georgia


Florida


East South Central


Kentucky


Tennessee


Alabama


Mississippi


West South Central


Arkansas


Louisiana


Oklahoma


Texas


Mountain


?lontana


Idaho


Wyoming


Colorado


Wew Mexi,co


Arizona


Utah


Nevada


Pacific


Rates per 1,000 live births


17.8 16.0 24.9 15.7


19.2 16.6 28.5 20.3


24.3 18.9 26.4 26.0


20.9 18.3 28.9 21.0


18.5 18.4 21.9 19.3


19.9 16.7 26.8 19.7


19.0 16.7 22.4 17.8


19.4 17.1 23.7 19.4


19.7 17.4 26.1 19.8


18,3 17.4 27.6 19.2


19.5 17.5 26.6 20.1


21.3 18.4 26.2 20.4


25.3 17.6 32.0 24.7


18.2 17.1 21.0 19.2


21.4 16.2 29.4 21.9


18.0 16.9 24.2 18.2


19.1 18.1 24.5 18.8


16.6 16.2 21.7 17’.7


17.2 17.1 *23.1 17.7


22.2 22.0 *27.4 22.9


19.2 19.0 24.0 18.6


20.3 20.2 21.1 19.5


18.1 17.0 23.5 17.9


13.1 13.i *1O.9 14.3


22.9 21.6 33.0 22.9


Washington-:----------------------- 26.1 15.5 24.9 15.9 

.“ 

.’ Oregon------------, 15.8 15.& *15.6 15.0 

California . 16.7 16.1 20.5 ‘Ii .Q 

,. Alaskar . ‘?il.6 18~9 ,’ 24,1 18.6 

.,.. ,,,, Hawaii3--------------------------- $8.3 15.9 19.4 16.6 

. .’ ,, ., .,... - ,!,,’. 

14.4 20.9


17.7 29.6


21.6 27.9


18.3 29.3


19.1 21.6


16.7 26.4


17.3 18.6


16.6 24.6


17.1 27.3


18.1 30.8


18.1 26.9


17.9 24.7


20.1 28.8


J 

17.8 22.5


17.1 29.2


17.4 23.9


17.7 25.0


17.6 19.7 

17.9 *8,8 7“ 

22.9 *23.0


18.0 33.6


19.9 16.3


17.1 21.8


14.2 *17.3


22.4 26.7


15.4 23.8’”


14.9 X+


‘15.3 22.3,


16.9 21.9


i&.9 -!1~.k:


. .


3F&res,$or 19i9’arehbypla& 6~:O@k%e.-~-, ; .3,.
 ..,,


,, ,, ,.: .’. 

. 

,,.

. 

,.

. 

..

.

,,

. 

. .,, .,, .’ .”. ‘: 

(. 

lx

“, 
Table 9. Neonatal mortality rates,by color:United States and each State,by division,1959-6~Con.


[Byplaceof residence. Refers only bdeathsoccurting tithinthe utited States. ~xcl.des fetal deaths. Rates amdeaths under 28days. .lsteriskindica~es rate hasedon afrequency of less than Xl] 

1961 I 1960 1959 

Tota 1 White Nonwhite Tota 1 White Nonwhite Tota 1 White Nonwhite


Rates per 1,000 live births 

lg,f lb.! 29.1 16.: 12.7 31.4 19.[ 16.8 28.4 

19.: lfj.f 29.( 20.[ 17.2 29.7 20.[ 17.9 30.5 

27.: 22.! 29.: 27.1 22.3 29.8 27.f 25.2 28.7 

20.: 17.: 27.L 21;[ 18.6 28.? 21.C 18.3 31.2 

19.( 19.! 21.t 18.: 18.0 18.8 18X 18.6 18.4 

20*1 17.: 27el 20.: 16.5 28.> 21.2 18.6 26.9 

19.( 16.: 23.t 20.: 17.4 24.: 20.2 16.8 24.8 

19.( 16.( 25.1 21.: 18.4 26.5 2~.L 18.6 26.4 

20.: 18.1 26.1 20.[ 18.2 27.9 22.2 19.6 29.2 

20.[ 19.: 31.8 19.( 18.7 29.9 19.C 18.5 24.3


20.: 18.; 25.6 20.: 18.6 25.9 21.2 19.6 26.7


20.i 17.; 25.6 20.( 18.5 24.2 21.1 17.3 27.5


23.5 18c.t 27.8 25.: 20.4 29.6 24.0 18.6 28.5


17.4 16.C 20.6 17.t 16.5 20.2 17.2 16.2 19.5


21.7 16.5 29.0 21.; 17.5 28.5 22.7 17.3 31.1


17.3 16.4 22.7 ~8.1 17.4 24.3 17.3 16.1 24.5


18.4 17.2 24.3 20.( 18.7 27.1 19.4 18.2 26.5


18.4 ,17.4 31.2 17.1 17.3 $<14.9 16.8 16.7 16.9 

17.4 17.5 *9.5 17.: 3s7.3 *X8.2 16.8 16.6 *24.O 

21.0 20.5 *35.9 21.: 21.0 *34 � 7 19.8 20.0 *16.i) 

19.6 ~go: 28.0 21.2 20.7 33.9 22.0 21.8 26.3 

20.0 19.9 20.6 20.2 20.1 21.1 21.6 21.3 24.0 

19.7 19.0 23.3 19.: 18.8 22.0 21.4 20.6 25.6 . 

15.1 15.0 $<21.0 14.5 14.3 ~~25.2 15.3 15.3 *15.8 

21.3 20.8 24.6 21.0 21.8 *15.9 22.3 21.4 28.4 

16.3 15.8 23.6 17.2 17.0 21.3 17.6 17.3 22.9 

16.0 16.0 15.5 16.6 16.5 18.0 18.0 18.0 19.4 

17.2 16.7 21.2 17.2 16.7 21.8 17.5 17.0 21.8 

21.8 1904 26.7 22..7 21.0 26.7 25.7 19.5 37.3 

16.7 17.0 16.6 i8,4 18.3 18.5 18.9 17.6 19.5 

—,


.. . 25”’


,.-
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--- --- --- ---

Table 10. Number of infant deaths under 1 year and under 28 days, by color: United States, each


zegion, division, and State, 1963


[BYplace
 ofresidence. Refers only to deaths occurring within the United States. Excludes fetal deaths] 

Under 1 year Under 28 days


Region, division,and State


Tota1 White Nonwhite Total White Nonwhite


Number of infant deaths


All regional 103,390 73,727 26,511 74,648 55,477 16,676 

Northeast 22,013 15,308 3,553 16,793 11,732 2,566 

New England 5,090 4,698 392 3,882 3,596 286 

Maine 530 523 7 395 391 4 

New Hampshire 317 314 3 250 248 2 

Vermont 216 216 167 167 

Massachusetts 2,306 2,161 145 1,753 1,650 103 

Rhode Island 436 393 43 337 306 31 

Connecticut 1,285 1,091 194 980 834 146 

Middle Atlanticl 16,923 10,610 3,161 12,911 8,136 2,280 

New York 8,526 6,394 2,132 6,377 4,849 1,528 

New Jersey -------------------- 3,152 2,495 

Pennsylvania 5,245 4,216 1,029 4,039 3,28-7 752 

North Central 26,599 22,191 4,408 19,986 16,919 3,067 

East North Central 19,028 15,504 3,524 14,315 11,807 2,508 

Ohio 4,944 4,108 836 3,779 3,170 609 

Indiana 2,504 2,148 356 1,883 1,620 263 

Illinois 5,383 3,908 1,475 3,988 2,977 1,011 

Michigan 4,155 3,428 727 3,115 2,585 530 

Wisconsin 2,042 1,912 130 1,550 1,455 95 

WestNorth Central 7,571 6,687 884 5>671 5,112 559 

Minnesota 1,671 1,622 49 1,279 1,251 28 

Iowa 1,192 1,158 34 889 867 22 

Missouri 2,183 1,663 520 1,593 1,245 348 

North Dakota 375 346 29 279 267 12 

South Dakota 414 348 66 299 274 25 

Nebraska 707 640 67 549 511 38 

Kansas 1,029 910 119 783 697 86 

lFiWe~ by color exclude data for residents Oi New Jersey. 

26

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---------------------

-----------------------

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--------------------

-------------------------

--------------------

------------------------

------------------------

Table 10. Number of infant deaths under 1 year and under 28 days> by color: United States, each 

region, division, and State, 1963—Con. 

~y place of residence. Refers only todeaths occurring within the United States. Excludes fetal deaths] 

Region, division, and State


South


South Atlantic


Delaware


Maryland


District of Cokmbia


Virginia


West Virginia


North Carolina


South Carolina


Georgia~----------------------


Florida


East South Central


Kentucky


Tennessee


Alabama


Mississippi


West South Central


Arkansas


Louisiana


Oklahoma


Texas


West-------%----------------------


Mountain


Montana


Idaho


Wyoming


Colorado


New Mexico


Arizona


Utah


Nevada


Pacific


Washington


Oregon


California


Alaska


Hawaii


Under 1 year Under 28 days


I


Total White Nonwhite Tota1 White Nonwhite


Number of infant deaths


38,823 22,85: 15,968 26,233 16,871 9,362 

18,275 10,O8Z 8,193 12,310 7,602 4,708 

282 18( 96 205 147 58 

1,991 1,30[ 68? 1,492 1,003 489 

669 14: 524 491 108 383 

2,834 l,76t 1,068 2,026 1,340 686 

933 871 62 662 625 37 

3,348 1,63E 1,710 2,135 1,234 901 

1,925 77C 1,155 1,110 572 538 

3,087 1,48E 1,599 1,930 1,104 826 

3,206 1,91C 1,296 2,259 1,469 790 

8,953 4,88E 4,065 5,871 3,528 2,343 

1,889 1,63C 259 1>242 1,081 161 

2,239 l,46i 772 1,558 1,093 465 

2,453 1,17: 1,278 1,622 881 741 

2,372 616 1,756 1,449 473 976 

11,595 7>885 3,710 8,052 5,741 2,311 

1,183 69? 490 756 507 249 

2,598 1,o61 1>537 1,830 835 995 

1,214 949 265 899 718 181 

6,600 5,182 .1,418 4,567 3,681 886 

15,955 13,373 2,582 11,636 9>955 1,681 

4;709 3,978 731 3,280 2,931 349 

384 326 58 264 237 27 

342 327 15 258 250 8 

217 203 14 169 161 8 

1,097 1,032 65 811 765 46 

848 687 161 564 491 73 

1,069 722 347 671 526 145 

464 442 22 326 319 7 

288 239 49 217 182 35 

11,246 9,395 1,851 8,356 7,024 1,332 

1,345 1,192 153 97a 882 96 

748 722 26 551 532 19 

8,508 7,238 1,270 6,344 5,425 919 

245 129 116 158 98 60 

400 114 286 325 87 238 

—— 

27

-------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------

Table 11. Infant mortality rates, by color: urban and rural areas in metropolitan and nonmetro­


politan counties in the United States, 1960-63


[Byplace of residence. ReFersonly bdeaths occurting,,ithin the Utited States. Excludesfetald eaths.R atesared emthsunderl Ye,,] 

Area 19631 19621’ 1961 1960


WHITE


Metropolitan counties Rates per 1,000’live births 

Urban 21.7 22.2 2.2.2 22.7 

Rural 20.4 20.6 20.9 20.8 ‘ 

Nonmetropolitan counties 

Urban 24.3 24.1 24.3 24.7 

Rural 23.1 22.8 23.0 23.7 

NONWHITE


Metropolitan counties 

Urban------------------------------------------- 37.4 38.2 37.6 39.1 

Rural------------------------------------------- 40.1 39.6 38.4 42.8 

Nonmetropolitan counties 

Urban------------------------------------------- 47.2 46.7 46.6 50.0 

Rural------------------------------------------- 49.6 47.2 46.5 50.3 

lFigures exclude data for residents of New Jersey. 

28

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-----------------------------

----------------------------

------------------

----------------------------

------------------------

------------------------

-----------------------------

-----------------------------

----------------------

----------------------

---

Table 12. Infant mortality rates: selected countries, 1954.63


Selected countries


Australia


Canada


Denmark


England and Wales


Finland


Netherlands


New Zealand


Norway


Sweden


Switzerland-r


United States


lProvisional.


[Rates
me deaths under 1 year] 

1963 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 1955 1954


I I I I I


Rates per 1,000 live births 

19.5 20.4 19.5 20.2 21.5 20.5 21.4 21.7 22.0 22.5 

26.3 27.6 27.2 27.3 28.4 30.2 30.9 31.9 31.3 31.9 

119.1 20.1 21.8 21.5 22.5 22.4 23.4 24.9 25.2 26.9 

121.1 121.7 21.6 21.8 22.2 22.5 23.1 23.7 24.9 25.4 

18.2 20.5 20.8 21.0 23.6 24.5 27.9 25.7 29.7 30.6 

15.8 17.0 17.0 17.9 18.1 18.5 18.4 20.2 21.6 22.6 

19.6 20.4 22.8 22.6 23.9 23.4 24.3 23.2 24.5 24.1 

17.7 17.9 18.9 18.7 20.0 20.5 21.2 20.6 21.4 

15.4 15.4 15.8 16.6 16.6 15.9 17.8 17.3 17.4 18.7 

20.5 21.2 21.0 21.1 22.2 22.2 22.9 25.8 26.5 27.2 

25.2 25.3 25.3 26.0 26.4 27.1 26.3 26.0 26.4 26.6 

Sources: For 1954-59, Statistical Office of the United Nations, Demographic Yearbook, 1963,


New York, United Nations, 1964; for 1960-63, Statistical Office of the United Nations, Demographic


Yearbook, 1964, New York, United Nations, 1965; National Center for Health Statistics, Vital Sta­


tistics of the United States, 1963, Vol. II, Pt. A, Public Health Service, Washington, U.S.


Government Printing Office, 1965.


29

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------- ------------------

------------------------------------------------

----------------

-------- ------------------------

Table 13. Infant mortality rates for 55 ,


[Refers only to deaths occurring within the United States.	 Alaska included beginning 1959, and Hawaii, 1960. Fxcl.dm fetrd deaths. .J?ntes are 

areclassi fied according to the Sixth Revision for 1954-57 and according to tlw Seventh 

Cause of death


1


2


3


4


6


7


8


9


11


12


13


14


16


17


18


19


21


22


23


2&


26


27


28


29


31


32


33


34


36


37


38


39


41


All causes


lysentery, all forms'------------------------------------------------------------------O45-O48


septicemia and pyemia----------------------------------------------------------------------O53


Jhooping cough'----------------------------------------------------------------------------O56


Ieningococcal infections-------------------------------------------------------------------o57


retanus'-------------------------------------------------.----------------------------------O6l


lther infective and parasitic diseases -----------------001-044,049-052,054,055,058-060,062-138


!alignant neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues--------l4O-2O5


Jenign neoplasms and neoplasms of unspecified nature-------------------------------_--2lO-23g


)iseases of thymus gland---------------------.--------------------------------------------.2~3


leningitis, except meningococcal and tuberculous -------------------------------------------340


kher diseases of nervous system and sense organs------------.-----------------33O-334,34l-3g8


Lcute upper respiratory infections--.--------------------------------------------------47O-475


:nfkenza and pneumonia, except pneumonia of newborn---------------------------------L_&8()-493


Influenza'---------------------------------------------------------------------------48O-483


Pneumonia,’except pneumonia of newbom-----------------------------------------------49O-493


\ronchitis-------------------------------------------------r---------------------------5OO-5O2


kher diseases of respiratory system-------------------------------------------~~O-522,525-527


Pulmonary congestion and hypostasis ------------------------------------------------:-----522
 .!


Other chronic interstitial pneumonia-----------------------------------------------------525


Bronchiectasis --------:-=----------------------------------------------------------------526


Other diseases of lung and pleural cavity---------------------------------.------------527. 2


All other diseases of respiratory system---------------------------------------5lO-52l,527m 1


[ernia and intestinal obstmction--------------------------------------------------56O,56l,57O


:astritis, duodenitis, enteritis, and colitis , except diarrhea of newborn----------543 ,571,572


~ther diseases of digestive system------------------------------------- 530-542,544-553,573-587


congenital malformations -------------750-759


Spina bifida and meningocele-------------------------------------------------------------75l


Congenital hydrocephalus and other congenital malformations of nervous


system and sense organs-------------------------------------------------------------752~753


Congenital malformations of circulatory systa-------------------------------------------754


Other congenital malformations ---750,755-759


;ertain diseases of early infancy--------..............................................760-776


Birth injuries-----------------------------------------------------------------------76O,76l


Without mention of immaturity (.0)....................................................----


With immaturity (.5)---------.............................................................


Intracranial and spinal injury at birth ..............................................76O


Without mention of immaturity (.0)--------........----------------....................


With immaturity (.5)-------- ----------------........----------------..


..................------------------..................----761
 Other birth injury.........-


Without mention of immaturity (.O)----------------------------------------------------


With immaturity (.5) ........-------- --------.--------.


30

.

. ---

---

---

---

---

---

---

----

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

selectedcauses: United States, 1954-63


deaths under 1 year. Numbers after causes of death are category numbers of the_ Seventh Revision oftbe International Lists, 1955. Deaths 

Revision for 1958-63. Asterisk indicates rate based onafrequency oflessthan 20] 

. 

. 1963 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 1955 1954


Rates per 100,000 live births


2,522.S 2,531.1 2,529.2 2,604.0 2,638.7 2,706.8 2,634.5 2,598.6 2,641.3 2.658.2 1 

2.: 2.8 2.4 3.3 4.0 4.4 5.1 5.2 6.7 7.5 2 

8.5 8.8 8.8 9.6 10.0 10.3 10.2 7.9 7.7 7.3 3 

2.1 1.6 1.3 1.7 4.3 3.1 2.9 4.1 8.3 6.5 4 

5.[ 4.5 3.8 4.6 4.8 5.8 5.8 6.1 6.3 7.5 

1.1 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.3 6 

13.( 14.4 12.7 13.1 13.1 13.8 12.5 15.2 13.6 17.4 7 

6.: 6.3 6.9 7.0 6.6 6.2 6.6 7.2 7.1 7.6 8 

3.1 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.8 4.0 4.2 9 

2.2 2.4 2.1 2.7 3.5 3.3 4.0 4.4 6.1 7.2 

21.1 21.8 20.5 20.5 19.7 20.9 18.1 17.9 16.7 16.1 11 

16.5 18.4 20.1 22.3 22.0 22.9 20.0 19.2 20.4 20.8 12 

9.4 9.7 9.1 9.8 11.7 10.8 10.8 9.9 10.4 10.0 13 

217.: 215.6 215.6 230.8 229.6 235.9 225.9 207.4 205.5 206.3 14 

8.; 6.8 6.0 12.6 8.0 10.6 15.2 6.9 9.1 10.6 

208.8 208.8 209.6 218.2 221.6 225.3 210.7 200.5 196.4 195.7 16 

13.: 13.9 14.0 15.4 17.3 18.6 18.0 18.8 16.6 17.1 17 

41.f 38.2 37.3 36.1 35.5 36.3 61.6 54.4 46.4 38.3 18 ,.. 5.-7 ....4.3 5.1 4.3 3.7 19 

26.C 24.1 21.5 21.9 20.9 

1 *oeo *().() *O.o 21 

6.1 5.7 6.2 5.5 5.9 --,. 22 

3.7 4.0 4.5 4.3 4.9 23 

22.2 21.3 21.8 21;7 22.5 22.6 24.5 25,9 23.6 25.5 24 

51.1 56.2 53.8 61.6 60.1 63.5 72.8 67.4 80.5 89.4 

16.1 15.7 15.5 15.9 16.1 17.6 13.0 13.9 12.8 16.4 26 

*().] ‘*O.


355.t 355.9 363.5 361.4 367.0 370.0 371.4 376.5 379.4 376.3 27


32.t 32.0 24.5 25.7 28.2 27.6 27.6 31.3 29.8 34.1 28


30.2 31.9 38.1 38.6 38.8 39.7 41.6 40.9 44.6 43.3 29 

172.3 272.3 178.7 178.2 177.2 181.0 178.0 177.5 172.4 171.9 

120.7 119.8 122.3 118.8 122.8 121.8 124.2 126.9 132.6 127.0 31 

1,529.1 1,540.2 1,538.4 1,575.3 1,600.0 1,639.9 1,564.2 1,549.7 1,581.7 1,579.4 32 

218.5 227.2 232.5 238.6 246.5 264.7 267.9 276.6 285.7 280.0 33 

83.4 88.4 90.1 94.0 98.0 108.7 111.6 119.4 123.7 126.9 34 

135.1 138.8 142.3 144.6 148.5 156.1 156.3 157.2 162.0 153.1 

65.4 69.6 70.6 74.6 80.7 92.9 97.3 104.1 109.6 109.5 36 

38.6 41.7 40.4 43.6 48.1 56.5 60.0 66.3 70.6 73.6 37 

26.8 27.9 30.2 31.0 32.6 36.3 37.3 37.7 38.9 36.0 38 

153.1 157.6 161.8 164.0 165.8 171.9 170.6 172.5 176.1 170.4 39 

44.8 46.7 49.7 50.4 49.8 52.1 51.5 53.0 53.0 53.3 

108.3 110.9 112.1 113.6 116.0 119.7 119.0 119.5 123.1 117.1 41 

31

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

-------------------------------------------------------------------

---------

---------- ---------------------------------

----------------- ----- ---

Table 13. Infant mortality rates for 55


[Refers only to deaths occurring within the United States.	 Alas!iainciudcd beginning 1959, and Iia;raii, 1960. Excludes fetal deaths. R?tes are 

are classified according to the Sixt.h Revision For 1954-57 and according to the Seventh 

. 

Cause of death


;ertain diseases of early infancy-Con.


Postnatal asphyxia and atelectasis-----------------------------------------------.-------762


Without mention of immaturity (.O)--------------------------------------------------------


With irmnaturity (.5)----------------------------------------------------------------------


Pneumonia of newborn--------------------.----------------------..------------------------763


Without mention of irmnaturity (.O)--------------------------------------------------------


With immaturity (.5)----------------------------------------------------------------------


Diarrhea of newbom-----------------------------------------------------------------..-.-764


Without mention of imnwturity (.O)--------------------------------------------------------


With immaturity (.5)----------------------------------------------------------------------


Other infections of nmbom-------------.-----..---...---'----------..------..-------765-768


Without mention of immaturity (.0)----.-----------.---------------------------------.-----


With immaturity (.5)----------------------------------------------------------------------

Neonatal disorders arising from certain diseases of mother during pregnancy-------.------769


Without mention of immaturity (.O-,4)-----------------------------------------------------


With immaturity (.5-.9)-------------------------------------------------------------------


Hemolytic disease of newborn (erythroblastosis)------------------------------------------77O


Without mention of immaturity (.O-.2)-----------------------------------------------------


With immaturity (.5-..7)


Hemorrhagic disease of newbom------------------.------.---------------------------------7?l


Without mention of immaturity (.O)--------------------------------------------------------


With immaturity (.5)----------------------------------------------------------------------


Ill-defined diseases peculiar to early infancy, including nutritional maladjustment--772,773


Without mention of immaturity (.O)--------------------------------------------------------


With immaturity (.5)----------------------------------------------------------------------

Immaturity with mention of any other subsidiary condition---------------------.-----------774


Immaturity, unqualified------, --------------------------------------------------776


)Vptoms and ill-defined conditions -------------------------------------------------78O-793,795


U1 other diseases ---.-,---- ---------------- -Residual


~ccidents----------------------------------------------------------------------------E8OO-E962


Inhalation and ingestion of food ox other object causing obstruction


or suffocation---.--------------------------------------X--------------------------E92l,E922


31 Accidental mechanical suffocation in bed and cradle---------------------------.----------E924 

32 Other accidental causes---------------------------------------------E8OO-E92O;E923,E925-E962 

.33 bmicide ---.~k-------------,------- ..-, -c-s-,---.­--:.--,----r-‘E964>E980-E984


— 
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

selectedcauses: United States, 1954-63—Con.


deaths under 1 year. Numbers after causes of death are category numbers of the Seventh Revision of the International Lists, 1955. Deaths 

Revision for 1958-63. Asterisk indicates rate basedon afrequency oflessthani?O] 

. 

1963 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 1955 1954 

Rates per 100,000 live births


437.6 449.4 445.7 458.9 466.1 485.2 443.6 434..2 436.9 432.7 

120.1 119.9 119.5 123.4 129.4 138.9 126.1 124.0 138.2 145.5 

317.5 329.5 326.1 335.5 336.6 346.2 317a5 310.2 298.6 287.3 

77.6 80.4 83.0 83.2 88.6 93.2 87.3 81.7 76.8 78.2 

56.2 58.9 60.3 60.2 62.9 65.1 59.9 57.1 52.4 51.9 

21.4 21.5 22.6 23.0 25.7 28.1 27.5 24.6 24.4 26.3 

9.4 9.8’ 9.8 10.9 11.6 12.6. 12.1 12.7 13.5 17.4 

7.8 7.6 7.7 8.5 9.1 10.2 9.4 10.2 10.6 13.2 

1.6 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.9 4.2 

20.5 19.0 17.5 18.3 19.1 25.7 20.1 16.5 13.5 12.9 

12.4 11.3 11.1 11.9 13.1 16.2 13.5 11.1 8.8 8.7 

8.2 7.7 6.4 6.4 6.0 9.6 6.7 5.3 4.6 4.3 

17.9 18.7 21.4 23.5 20.6 19.1 15.3 15.9 17.5 10.1 

6.5 6.8 7.8 8.3 6.9 6.5 4.7 4.7 5.5 5.3 

11.4 11.9 13.6 15.2 13..7 .12.6 10.6 11.3 12.0 4.8 

44.8 47.8 49.2 50.4 51.5 56.4 59.3 56.7 59.9 61.8 

35.0 37.5 38.6 40.0 40.9 45.8 48.0 45.1 47.2 49.8 

9.8 10.3 m. 7 10.4 10.6 10.6 11.3 11.7 12.7 11.9 

13.8 12.8 13.2 14.6. 15.9 16.2 17’.4 17-.3 18.9 21.1 

8.3 7.5 8.1 9.2 9.6 9%8 10.8 11.0 11.5 13.3 

5.5. 5.3 5.1 5.3 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.3 7.4 7.8 

253.2 222.4 198.9 189.2 179.7 159.5 95.3 93.0 82.2 82.8 

67.8 60.3 57.4 55.3 52.7 49.1 23.1 23.2 23.4 24.8 

185.3 162.0 141.5 134.0 127.0 110.4 72.2 69.7 58.8 57.9 

26.5 22.9 31.6 30.8 31.5 “ 30.8 58.5 51.9 46.7 41.1 

409.2 429.7 435.7 457.0 468.9 476.4 487.3 493.2 530.1 541.4 

61.8 54.4 56.1 59.1 58.1 65.5 60.i 61.4 68.9 69.2 

32.3 32.2 32.6 32.6 33.6 33.8 33.I 33.4 31.7 33.6 

85.7 87.7 83.9 90.0 90.9 93.2 86”.3 84.0 81.7 89.1 

19.8 20.1 28.8 28.3 27.2 30.2 26.4 23.7 21.7 24.8 

20.3 22.0 21.7 23.9 27.0 26.8 25.1 24.3 24.8 28.0 

45.6 45.6 33.4 37.8 36.7 36.1 34.9 36.0 35.2 36.4 

5.0 5.1 4.5 4.7 3.5 3.2 2.9 3.0 3.2 3..3 

30


31


32


33


—

---- ---- ----

---

------

FETAL MORTALITY


The total number of fetal deaths registered in 

the UnitedStates in 1963 was 94,194. Although no 

quantitative information about the completeness of 

fetal death registration exists for thecountryasa 

whole, one study estimated that only 15percentof 

the total annual number of fetal deaths is registered.4 

As indicatedin table 14, the minimum period 

of gestation for which fetal death registration is 

required is20weeks ormoreformost States. Only 

nine States and New York City require reporting of 

fetal deaths at all periods of gestation. Unless 

otherwise noted, the fetal death rates and ratios 

presented in this report are based on occurrences 

at gestations of 20 weeks or more. These ratios 

or rates for occurrences at gestations of 20 

weeks or more are representative of all the States. 

One of the chief limitations of the ratios is the 

inclusion of the gestation not stated group. In view 

of the variation in registration requirements it 

cannot .be assumed that the fetal deaths for which 

gestation information is not given belong chiefly 

to the 20 weeks or more group. 

COLOR AND SEX 

Fetal death ratios based on events reported 

as having occurred at gestations of 20 weeks or 

more or with gestation not stated are given in 

table 15 for each year from 1942 to the present. 

The decline in the fetal death ratio has been 

fairly steady since 1942 (fig. 5). Currently 

the ratio is 15.8 fetal deaths per 1,000 live births— 

less than two-:hirds of the comparable figure for 

1942 (25 .6). Proportionally the decrease among 

nonwhite births h“as been somewhat greater than 

among white, although the former ratio remains 

substantially higher. The ratio of 13.7 for white 

in 1963 was the lowest ever recorded. Similarly, 

the ratio of 26.7 is the lowest recorded for 

[Rotim per 1,000 live births In specified gm.p) 

100 - 100 

ALL REPORTEO FETAL OEATHS FETAL DEATHS AT GESTATIONS OF 

20 WEEKS OR MORE AND NOT STATED 

80 80 

80 60 

40 40 

- ,-------

White 

b..­

‘--**=-

20 

Q- **... - -20 

White “------ - ---’, ---, 

0	 . I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I > I I I I I I I I [ I I I 1 I I I .0 

1922 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1945 1950 (955 1980 1965 

Figure 5. Fetal -death rat ios by CO1 or: birth-registration States or Un ited States, 1922-63. 

34

-------------

--------------

nonwhite. This differential between the white 

and nonwhite fetal death ratios—95 percent—is 

somewhat higher than that noted previously for 

infant deaths (87 percent) and considerably greater 

than for neonatal deaths (56 percent). 

Although not shown in the tables, differences 

in the fetal death ratios by sex for 1963 were 

examined. The. differential was greater at the 

earlier periods of gestation as the following ratios 

per 1,000 live births indicate: 

Male Female 

Under 20 weeks 9.8 4.5 

20 weeks and over 

and not stated 16.4 15.1 

The inclusion of the “gestation not stated” or the 

proportionate allocation of the “sex not stated” 

does not appear to have any effect on this difference in the ratios by sex, 

AGE OF MOTHER, 

GESTATION, AND LEGITIMACY 

Comparison of fetal losses which occur before 

gestations of 20 weeks with those which occur after 

20 weeks can be made for the areas which require 

reporting of fetal losses at all gestations. There 

were 10 such areas in 1963; they are listed in the 

headnote to table 16. The percentage of fetal 

deaths at gestations of less than 20 weeks is 

considerably lower for mothers under age 20 than 

is the case for fetal deaths of longer gestations. 

This result is similar to that found in previous 

years. A possible explanation for this is that the 

early fetal deaths may be poorly reported among 

the younger mothers because of the high proportion 

of illegitimate births in these earlier ages. 

Information concerning illegitimate fetal 

deaths by age of mother and color is given in 

table 17. The data for this table are provided by 

34 States in which legitimacy is reported on both 

live birth and fetal death certificates. The fetal 

death ratios for married women are lower in 

almost every age category than those for unwed 

mothers among both white and nonwhite women. 

Differences in the ratios by legitimacy status are 

smaller among nonwhite mothers than among 

white. 

Ratios for total fetal deaths in each group 

show that some important differences exist when 

age of mother alone is considered. Ratios are 

lowest for mothers aged 20-24 years. In the age 

groups immediately below and above this (15- 19 

and 25-29 years) the ratio is slightly higher, but 

it is still below the average for mothers of all 

ages. With increasing age, the fetal death ratio 

increases sharply. This pattern with respect to 

age of mother is similar for white and nonwhite 

women. 

PLURALITY 

Fetal deaths and fetal death rates (fetal 

deaths per 1,000 live births and fetal deaths) 

by plurality and color are given in table 18. 

Fetal death rates are lower than ratios computed 

for the same data because of the addition of the 

fetal death component to the denominator of the 

rate. They are also more meaningful since the sum 

of births and fetal deaths represents the entire 

population known to be exposed to the risk of 

fetal death. The use of ratios in other fetal death 

tables has been deemed satisfactory because in 

groups where the ratios do not vary too greatly 

among themselves the effect of omitting fetal 

deaths from the denominator is approximately 

the same for all ratios in the table and they are 

therefore comparable. The variation in relative 

incidence of fetal deaths between the groups 

represented in table 18 is too great to permit the 

use of ratios. SlightIy less than 6 percent of all 

fetal deaths in 1963 occurred in plural births. 

In comparison, 2.0 percent of all liveborn infants 

were plural born. The fetal death rate among 

twins was 41.6, almost three times the fetal 

death rate for single births. For other plural 

deliveries (triplets or higher) the fetal death 

rate was 60.7, about four times that for single 

deliveries. High fetal death rates among twin 

deliveries affect both sexes in approximately the 

same proportions. 

TOTAL-BIRTH ORDER 

In the majority of States total-birth order 

represents approximately the number of pregnancies a woman has had. In some registration 

35 
------------------

-------------------

----------------

areas the item on previous fetal loss indicates 

that reporting should be limited to previous fetaI 

deaths at gestations of 20 weeks or more. In 

these areas total-birth order should correspond 

to pregnancies of 20 weeks or more. (For lists 

of the States that request information on aIl 

previous fetal deaths or those of 20 weeks or 

more on both the live birth and fetal death 

certificates, see pages 6-10 and 6-11 ,Volume II 

of Vital Statistics of the United States, 1963. 

Fetal death rates by age of mother and totalbirth order for 1963 appear in table 19. Comparison of these rates with similar rates for 1950,5 

1956,6 and 19577 indicates that the pattern of the 

rates by birth order is similar for each of the 

4 years. Fetal loss was lowest among second 

pregnancies (10. 8 per 1,000). The rate was higher 

for the first birth order (14.9), and each advance 

in birth order above the second showed increased 

mortality. 

When changes in birth. order are viewed for 

each age-of-mother group, the risk of fetal loss 

is greater for the first pregnancy than for 

subsequent pregnancies for women 30 years and 

over. For younger women (under 30) the risk 

increased with each pregnancy after the second. 

This pattern is similar for white and nonwhite 

women alike. 

GEOGRAPHIC AREA, 1959-63 

Fetal death ratios by color are shown for each 

geographic division and region for 1959 through 

1963 in table 20. Comparable ratios for individual 

States and the District of Columbia as well as 

the numbers of fetal deaths at gestations of 20 

weeks or more and with gestation not stated 

appear in tables 21 and 22, As previously mentioned, fetal deaths are known to be seriously 

underreported. The extent to which this underreporting varies from one State, division, or 

region to another is unknown. Comparisons between one time period and others for the same 

State can be made, however, ~subject to the 

assumption that the extent to which fetal deaths 

were underreported did not vary greatly over a 

short period of years. Such an assumption would 

not be warranted in a State where it was known 

that concerted efforts toward improvement in 

reporting had been made. A second important 

use of the data is in the evaluation of the effect 

of changes in State regulations for reporting 

fetal deaths. 

Another limitation, which is associated with 

variations in reporting requirements, concerns 

the effect of including the not stated gestation 

group. Inclusion of these fetal deaths in computing 

ratios in table 20 tends to overstate the ratios 

for areas having registration of all fetal deaths in 

comparison with those for areas with more 

limited registration. 

Fetal death ratios are generally highest in the 

Northeast Region. For 1963 the ratios per 1,000 

live births were 17.7 for the total group and 15.9 

and 34.9 for white and nonwhite persons, respectively. However, variations in reporting practices 

contribute to the above-average ratios in this 

region. Primary among these factors is the betterthan-average reporting of fetal deaths in New 

York City. This city alone accounts for over a 

third of all fetal deaths at gestations of 20 weeks or 

more or with gestation not stated registered in 

this region. To a lesser degree the absence of 

events classified by color for New Jersey inflated 

the ratios for white and nonwhite persons since 

ratios for this State have been below comparable 

figures for the Middle Atlantic Division and the 

Northeast Region. 

On the other hand, the understatement of 

fetal deaths for Massachusetts had the opposite 

effect on the ratios for the Northeast Region, 

Figures for fetal deaths in this report exclude 

about 300 fetal deaths which were recorded in 

Boston but not received by this office. Therefore 

the fetal death ratio for Massachusetts was about 

21 percent below the true figure. Ratios per 1,000 

live births for Massachusetts were as follows”: 

1963 1962 

Total 9.6 12.4 

White 9.7 12.1 

Nonwhite 6.5 18.4 

Fetal mortality statistics are circumscribed 

by a number of limitations such as underregis -
-----

----------

------

--------------

--------------

-------------------

---------------

-----------------------

-----------------------

tration and variation in. reporting requirements 

which have been discussed above. However, 

certain observations are valid. First, there has 

been progress in the reduction of fetal mortality. 

The ratios for 1963 were below comparable 

figures for 1959 with the exception of that for 

nonwhite persons in the North Central Region as 

the following percent changes show: 

Total White Nonwhite 

United States -2.5 -3.5 -2.2 

Northeast -2.2 -1.9 -1.4 

North Central -3.5 -6.0 +5.8 

South -------------- -1.7 -1.4 -1.8 

West -1.5 -1.6 -6.4 

Ratios for nonwhite persons increased for most 

States in the North Central Region. This may be 

due to an improvement in registration completeness for nonwhite persons between the 2 years. 

The differential in fetal mortality between 

white and nonwhite persons is even greater than 

differences observed in the neonatal rates for the 

four regions. That this differential has remained 

virtually unchanged since 1959 is shown by the 

following ratios of nonwhite to white persons: 

1963 1959 

United States 1.9 1.9 

Northeast 2.2 2.2 

North Central 1.9 1.7 

South 2.0 2.0 

West 1.3 1.3 
5

10

15

20

25

30

---------------

----------------

---------------

--------------

------------

--------------

-----------

--------------

---------------

---------------

----------------

-----------------

--------------

---------------

------------------

----------------

--------------

-------------

-----------------

--------------

--------------

-------------

-----------

--------------

---------------

--------------

----------------

---------

---------------------------------

------------

---------

---------

-----------------

-----------------

---------

-------------------

-----------------

-----------------

-------------------

---------

---------------

-----------------

-------

-------------------

---------

-------------------

-------------------

------------

-------------------

Table 14. Min%t~iod of gestation for which fetal death registrationis required and fetal


9 by period of gestation:United States and each State, 1963


[B)’place of occurrence] 

Period of gestation]


Minimum period of gestation Tots1


Area for which fetal death registration fetal


is required deaths Under 16-19 20-23
 16


weeks weeks weeks
 -.


1 United States---- 94,194 24,564 4,990 7.734 

2 Alabama After 5th month (20 weeks)------- 1,546 6 17 137 

3 Alaska 20 weeks or rnore2---------------- 106 2 8 

4 Arizona Advanced to 20th week 522 . 6 43 

Arkansas All periods of gestation 897 3172 66 74 

6 California Advanced to 20th week----------o- 4,769 11 39 318 

7 Colorado All periods f gestation 2,310 31,295 226 135 

8 Connecticut 20 weeks or more 675 3 71 

9 Delaware 20 weeks or more----------------- 158 26 

District of Coh.uobia-- After 5th month------------------ 573 5 11 45 

11 Florida 20 weeks or more 1,787 165 

12 Georgia Al~ periods of gestation 3,144 3888 270 317 

13 Hawaii All periods of gestation-------- 1,194 3885 82 44 

14 Idaho After 20 weeks 170 2 11 

Illinois 20 weeks or more----------------- 3,385 5 24 386 

16 Indiana 20 weeks or more 1,463 8 9 124 

17 Iowa Advanced to5th month (20 weeks)- 701 1 1 57 

18 Kansas Weight in excess of 350 grams---- 592 2 11 54 

19 Kentucky 20 weeks or more 885 88 

Louisiana After 20 weeks 1,469 5 15 119 

21 Maine All periods of gestation 378 345 24 31 

22 Maryland 20 weeks or more4 1,129 12 22 72 

23 Massachusetts5-------- 20 weeks or more 1,075 2 11 95 

24 Michigan Advanced through 20th week 2,537 6 12 234 

Minnesota After ~0 weeks 1,002 1 13 95 

26 Mississippi All periods of gestation 2,795 31,065 224 .209 

27 Missouri After 20 weeks 1,271 11 16 107 

28 Montana After 20 weeks 189 . 14 

29 Nebraska Advanced to 5th month 371 . 4 35 

Nevada After 20 weeks 119 . 2 g 

31 New Hampshire 20 weeks or more----------------- 179 : 15 

ee footnoteson page 40.


38

5

10

15

20

25

30

Table 14. Minimum period of gestation for which fetal death registrationis required and fetal


deaths, by period of gestation:United States and each State, 1963-con.


[Byplace of occurrenc~ 

. 

Period of gestation


43 24-27 28-31 32-35 36 37-39 40 41-42 weeks Not 

weeks weeks weeka weeka weeks weeks weeks and over stated 

7,008 7,395 8,432 4,655 7,63s 12,915 2,037 876 5,956 1 

164 192 182 113 122 509 16 4 83 2 

8 15 15 12 15 20 6 1 4 3 

44 60 68 54 9C 129 10 4 14 4 

67 70 63 50 44 148 5 4 134 

378 418 656 218 765 276 315 187 1,188 6 

57 69 82 58 104 95 15 7 163 7 

86 93 122 56 91 121 13 8 11 8 

14 13 15 13 14 32 5 26 9 

78 74 97 27 81 28 51 22 54 

225 235 254 200 201 461 25 15 6 11 

229 273 198 149 173 493 24 8 122 12 

15 13 26 26 32 50 4 1 16 13 

11 14 18 11 18 24 2 59 14 

398 412 464 234 410 912 88 44 8 

127 155 151 94 162 331 32 10 260 16 

55 80 103 55 98 151 37 6 57 17 

75 66 79 43 84 134 28 7 9 18 

99 102 122 94 86 259 18 4 13 19 

159 239 200 139 129 417 28 5 14 

25 35 29 19 26 41 12 6 85 21 

120 118 194 51 190 45 65 43 197 22 

121 124 156 104 164 159 57 18 64 23 

280 287 360 192 341 569 73 30 153 24 

116 119 150 80 150 171 46 9 52 

161 182 140 90 94 466 13 4 147 26 

110 146 146 108 168 286 42 13 118 27


17 21 26 18 35 35 8 4 11 28


32 49 54 36 53 76 19 3 10 29


17 14 15 13 9 27 4 9


17 22 21 21 22 30 7 1 21 31


39

-------------

-------------

---------

----------- ------------------- --------------- ----------------- -----------

----------- --------- ----------- -------------- ------------------

------------------- ----------------

---------------

----------

-------------- ----------------

-------- -----------

----------------

----------------

---------------- -------- -----------------

----------------- ----------------

----------------

------------------ --------

-------- ---------------- ----------

------------------ ----------------

---------

---------

----------

-----------

------------ ------

-----------

----------

---------

Table 14. Minimum period of gestation for which fetal death registrationis required and fetal


deaths, by period of gestation:United States and each State, 1963-Con;


[Byplace of ommm] 

Minimum period of gestation


Area for which fetal death registration


: ‘3 

4


5


6


z


1:


11


12


13


14


15


16


17


18


19


20


21


22


New ’Jersey


New Mexico


New York(excl.N.Y.C.)-


New York City---------”-


North Carolina


North Dakota


Ohio


Oklahoma


Oregon


Pennsylvania


Rhode Island


South Carolina


South Dakota


Tennessee


Texas


Utah


Vermont


Virginia


Washingto~-------------


West Virginia


Wisconsin


Wyoming


is required’


20 weeks or more----------------
 20 weeks or more----------------
 20 weeks or more----------------
 All periods of gestation


Advanced to 20th week


20 weeks or more
 20 weeks or more
 20 weeks or more
 All periods of gestation


After 16 weeks-”


20 weeks or more2---------------


After 20 week-a


20 weeks or more
 20 weeks or more
 20 weeks or more----------------


After 20 weeks


All periods of gestation


All periods of gestation


20 weeks or more
 Advanced to 5th month”


After 20 weeks


After 20 weeks--,


Period of geatationl I 

T-eta 1
 )

fetal


deaths Under 16-19 20-23
 16


weeks weeks weeks


2>039 11 35 207 ‘


381 2 “31


2,726 12 270


22;329 314y58~ 2,327 : 1,238


1,932 1 207


225 18 

3,002 ; 3:; 

610 i 11’ 

1,257 3495 125 :; 4,408 4 591 792 

529 180 42 49-“’ 

1,174 13 ,68 

261 2: 9 

1,429 1;: 

3,598 ; 3: 336 

288 4 22 

419 320; 

7,,:6; 34;,586 5% 3% 

2 10 64 

637 ,- 8 60 

‘1 

1,185 “2 1 124 

104 2 9 

Iperiod of ~estationreported in months allocated to gestationinterval in weeks as ‘follows: 

1-3 months to ‘Under16 weeks”; 4 months to “16-19 weeks”; 5 months to “20-23 weeks”; 6 months to ‘ 

“24-27 weeks”: 7 months to “28-31 weeks”; 8 months to “32-35 weeks”: 9 months to “40 weeks”: 10 

months to “43-weeksand over.” 

2A certificatemay be filed for periods of gestationof less than 20 weeks but it is ‘not re-


quired.


3For areaa which require reporting of fetal deaths at all periods of gestation,those,atges­


tations of under 16 weeks are distributedas follows:


Under 4 weeks 4-7 weeks 8-tl weeks 12-15 weeks


Arkansas


Colorado 1:


Georgia 4


Hawaii 5


Maine 1


Mississippi


NewYork City---- 3;:


Oregon 2


Vermont


Virginia 3;


“32 

241 6;; $j 

122 426 

159 433 288 

3:: 4:: 2;: 

2,503 6,841 4,872 

83 236 174 

4Further specifies“if the gestationperiod is unknown but the fetus weighs 5000rmore grama.”
 5Figur,~sexclude approximately300 fetal deaths recorded in this State; see text.


6Further specifies “or total length of 10 inches.”


40


7 
Table 14. Minimum period of gestation for which fetal death registrationis required and fetal


deaths, by period of gestation:United States and each State, 1963—Con.


[By place of occurrence] 

Period of gestation


43 24-27 28-z31 32-35 36 37-39 40 41-42 weeks weeks weeks weeks weeks weeks weeks weeks and over 

197 219 127 2;; 414 87 

3;; 3% 1:: 378 6% 1;: 

;;; 583 158 543 188 202 

243 139 217 585 22 

19 

307 3:2 2: 3%’ 5% 9$ 

66 53 179 14 ;: 

5:: 438 2;? 43 7% 1;: 

26 18 

103 1:; 1: l% 3:$ 13 

26 

1:; 190 127 1:: 4% 2: 

437 444 329 393 965 86 

17 29 19 43 44 14 

16 9 

242 1$ 1:; 1% 4;2 2: 

74 103 119 

71 73 60 73 202 :: 

126 125 100 L79 242 56


12 11 7 18 22 3


212 9


14 10
 I

13 11


134 12


12 13


3 14


46 15


61 16


55 17


614 18


20 19


4 20


42 
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Table 15. Number of fetal deathsand fetaldeathratios, by color: birth-registrationstates,1922.32,and


UnitedStates,1933-63


[Ref.,. only to fetal deathsomming wi thin specifid area] 

All fetaldeathsreportedregardlessof Fetal deathsat gestationsof 20 weeks 

periodof gestation or more and not stated 

Area and year


Total IIWhite I	NOIlwhite H = e

UnitedStatesl Number of fataldeaths Ratios per 1,000 Number of fetaldeaths Ratiosper 1,000
 live births live births


19632 94,194

19629:::::::::::1:195,841 

1961 97,007 

1960 94,452 

1959 92>566 

66,203 25,705 

68,178 25,498 

71,219 25,788 

69,116 25,336 

67,993 24,573 

23.0 

23.0 

22.7 

22.2 

21.8 

19.9 

20.1 

19.8 

19.2 

18.9 

40.2 64,640 

39.7 66,421 

38.6 68,767 

38,6 68,480 

38.0 68>613 

45,495 17,075 15.8 

47,326 17,128 15.9 

50,728 18,039 16.1 

50,894 17,586 16,1 

50,911 17,702 16.2 

13.7 

13.9 

14.1 

14.1 

14.2 

26.7 

26.7 

27,0 

26.8 

27.3 

1958 92,873 

1957 92,681 

1956 92,282 

1955 91,907 

1954 92,144 

68,970 23,903 

69,518 23,163 

69,227 23,055 

69,174 22,733 

70,043 22,101 

22.1 

21.8 

22.2 

22.7 

22.9 

19.3 

19.2 

19.5 

20.0 

20.3 

37.9 69,355 

36.6 69,561 

37.3 68,659 

38.6 69,153 

38.5 70,109 

51,969 17,386 16.5 

52,591 16,970 16.3 

51,865 16,794 16.5 

52,411 16,742 17.1 

53,532 16,577 17.5 

14.5 

14.5 

14.6 

15.2 

15.5 

27.5 

26.8 

27.2 

28.4 

28,9 

1953 86,313 ;;;; 85,549 

84,696 

1950 81,300 

1949 81,489 

65,636 20,677 

64,702 20,847 

64,629 20,067 

62,092 19,208 

62,599 18,890 

22.1 

22.2 

22.6 

22.9 

22.9 

19.6 

19.5 

20.0 

20.3 

20.3 

37.9 69,393 

39.8 70,447 

39.1 70,569 

39.2 68,262 

39.7 70,584 

53,252 16,141 17.8 

53,541 16,906 18.3 

54,071 16>498 18.8 

52,319 15,943 19.2 

54,114 16,470 19,8 

15,9 

16.1 

16.7 

17.1 

17.5 

29.6 

32.2 

32.1 

32.5 

34.6 

1948 83,021 

1947 87,831 

1946 84,270 

1945 72,854 

64,262 18,759 

69,013 18>818 

67,677 16,593 

57,690 15,164 

;:,; 

25:6 

26.6 

20.9 

21.1 

23.2 

24.1 

41.3 72,838 

44.2 77,917 

44.2 743849 

44.6 65,513 

56,232 16,606 20.6 

61,072 16,845 21.1 

59,494 15,355 22,8 

51,242 14,271 23.9 

18;3 

18.7 

20.4 

21.4 

36.5 

39.6 

40.9 

42.0 

1944 75,495 60,053 15,442 27.0 24.5 45.4 68,374 24.5 

1943 78,485 62,776 15,709 26.7 24.2 46.2 71,873 ..-. 24.5 .-. wl:--------------- ;;,;;; 63,301 15,873 28.2 25.5 49.3 72,017 25.6 ..- 58,467 16,666 29.9 26.5 ::.$1 --,- 1940 

1939 

73;802 

72,598 

57,220 16,582 

55,892 16,706 

31.3 

32,0 

27.7 

28.2 59:0 “-. -,-,- P--

1938 73,467 56,306 17,161 32.1 28.1 61.1 

1937 73,609 56,242 17,367 33.4 29.2 63.2 .-. -.. 1936 73,735 56,156 17,579 34.4 29.8 66.9 

1935 77,119 583767 18,352 35.8 31.1 68,7 . . . 1934 78,503 ;:,;:: 18,860 36.2 31.4 70,1 

1933 77,059 > 18,310 37.0 32.2 71.1 

Birth-registration


States3


1932 78,351 59,641 18,710 37.8 32,7 74.4 -- . ..-

1931 80,616 62,417 18,199 38.2 33.4 74.1 .---

1930 86,466 66,440 20,026 39.2 34.0 79.9 -.. . 

1929 85,678 66,124 19,554 39.5 34,4 79.7 

1928 89,765 69,317 20,448 40.2 35.0 81.5 

1927 

1926 

82,931 

70,716 

67,056 15,875 

59,842 10,874 

38.8 

38.1 

34.8 

35.1 

74.8 

73.0 

-.. 

-.. -.. 

1925 71,519 60,762 10,757 38.1 35.1 73.1 

1924 75,817 63,029 12,788 39.3 35.8 76.2 

1923 69,757 59,08~ 10,668 38.9 35.9 71.8 

1922 70,010 59,329 10,681 39.4 36.4 73.4 

lAlaskain=l~dedbeginning1959,and Hawaii,1960.


2Fi~res bY ~Olorexcludedata for residentsof New Jersey,


31ncreased in number from 30 Statesand the Districtof Columbia in 1922 to the entireconterminousUnited


Statesin 1933.


42

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Table 16. Number and percent distribution of fetal deaths, by age of mother,for specified periods


of gestation: selected areas combined, 1963


[f3Yplaceofmsidemx.Includes fetal deathsforthoseareasintheUnited States whichrequired reporting ofalIperiods oFgestation.
 The

areas are Arkansas, Colorado, Georgia, Hawaii, Mine, Mississippi, New York City, Oregon, Vermont, and Virginia. F],gures fora~eof mother 

not stated aredistributed~ 

Period of gestation


Age of mother Total


Number of fetal deaths Percent distribution


All ages 41,090 27,141 11,374 2,575 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Under 15 years 93 37 49 7 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.3 

15-19 years 4,338 2>474 1,568 296 10.6 9.1 13.8 11.5 

20-24 years 12,024 8,166 3,125 733 29.3 30.1 27.5 28.5 

25-29 years 10,245 7,096 2,530 619 24.9 26.1 22.2 24.0 

30-34 years 7,578 5,007 2,066 505 18.4 18.4 18.2 19.6 

35-39 years 4,842 3,085 1,465 292 11.8 11.4 12.9 11.3 

40-44 years 1,783 1>154 521 108 4.3 4.3 4.6 4.2 

45 years and over-- 187 122 50 15 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 

43

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Table 17. Number of fetal deaths and fetal death ratios, by legitimacystatus,color, and age of


mother: total of 34 reporting States, 1963


[Byplace of residence. Refers IX@ b fet,al deaths forwhichtheperiodofgestation was given as 20weeks or more or was not stated. Figures 

by color exclude data forresidents of New Jersey. Figures forage ofmother notstated are distributed] 

Color and age of mother Tots1 IILegitimate Illegitimate Total Legitimate Illegitimate 

Total Number of fetal deaths Ratios per 1;000 live births


AU ages----------- 40,402 35,757 4,645 15.3 14.5 26,.5 

Under 15 years 137 28 109 26.4 21.2 28.2 

15-19 yeara 5,339 3,831 1,508 13.9 12.2 21.5 

20-24 years 10.,806 9,567 1,239 11.6 10.9 22.6 

25-29 years 8,942 8,245 697 13.7 13.1 29.6 

30-34 years 7,194 6,630 564 18.5 17.7 42.7 

35-39 years-------------- 5,557 5,183 374 26.9 26.0 51.0 

40 yeara and over 2,427 23273 154 39.6 38.6 64.2 

White


All ages 27,265 25,977 1,288 13.1 12.9 20.4 

Under 15 years 27 17 10 16.2 18.,9 13.1 

15-19 years 3,186 2,771 415 11.2 L’O.7 16..6 

20-24 years 7,672 7,283 389 10.1 9.9 17.6 

25-29 years 6,218 6,034 184 11.9 11.7 23.8 

30-34 years 4,803 4,669 134 15.8 15.5 32.2 

35-39 years 3,678 3,569 109 22.7 22..4 43.6 

40years and cover 1,681 1=634 47 34.9 34.6 50.1 

Nonwhite


All ages 11,067 7,866 3,201 26.3 25.0 30.3 

Under 15 years 106 10 96 31.9 25.4 32.8 

15-19 years 1,956 921 1,035 22.2 20.2 24.4 

20-24 years 2,606 1,806 800 19.3 17..3 26.3 

25-29 years 2>262 1,763 499 24.4 22.7 33.4 

30-34 years 1,944 1,529 415 33.0 30.4 48.0 

35-39 yeara 1,563 1,312 251 48.1 47.2 54.0 

40 years and over 6~0 525 105 64.2 62.5 74.2 

lIncludeslegitimacynot stated.


NOTE: States which do not report legitimacystatus are aa follows:


Arizona Idaho New Mexico


Arkansas Mar’yland New York


California Massachusetts Oklahoma


Colorado Montana Vermont


Connecticut Nebraska Virginia


Georgia New Hampahire


44

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Table 18. Number ‘of fetal deaths and fetal death rates, by color and’pluraltty of birth:


United States, 1963


[Refers only @ fetal fi~aths Occurfing within ~heUnited States for which the period of gestation wasgivenas20weeks or rno:e or w. not stated. 

figures by color exclude data for residents of New Jersey] 

f 

.Rate
 Number per 1,000
 of
 ‘Color and plurality of birth fetal livea~Vchs


deaths fetal deaths


I 

Total


All fetal deaths 64,640 15.5 

Fetal deaths in single deliveries 61,090 15.0 

Fetal deaths in twin deliveries 3,4Z8 41.6 

Fetal deaths in other plural deliveries----------------~-------;-- 72 60.7 

White


All fetal deaths:------------------------------------------- 45,495 13.5


Fetal deaths in single deliveries 43,055 13.0


Fetal deaths-in twin deliveries 2,384 37.6


Fetal deaths in other plural deliveries 56 66.5


Nonwhite


All fetal deaths 17,075 26.0 

Fetal deaths in single deliveries 16>092 25.2 

Fetal deaths in twin deliveries 967 55.8 

Fetal deaths in other plural deliveries 16 51.6 

Table 19. Fetal death rates, by age of mother and total-birth order: United States, 1963


[Refers only to fetal deaths occw~ng within theUnited States for which the period of gests.t.iou’was given as 20 weeks m more or was not stated. 

$sterisk indicates rate based on a frequency of less than 2q 

Total-birth order ,


Age of mother


Sixth
 Total Firs t Second Third Fourth Fifth and over


. .


Rates per 1,000 live births and fetal.deaths


All ages------------------ 15.5 14.9 10.8 13.1 15.9 I 18.51 26.9


===
 I I


Under 20 years 14.0 14.1 12.5 16.8 22.9 I 22.5] *20.8 

20-24 years 11.9 12.6 9.2 11.5 14.2 I 17.51 25.2 

25-29 years 14.0 17.1 10.2 11.5 13.4 15.9 21.5 

30-34 years 18.8 29.7 14.7 14.2 16.4 17.0 23.9 

35-39 years 26.5 46.7 21.5 20.4 21.6 23.7 30.6 

40 years and over 37.9 168.2 28.4 33.5 32.0 32.2 41.1 

45

-----------------

�

�

,= 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

B 

9 

1) 

11 

1~ 

1:I 

11~ 

-. 

I 1’)63 I I 1%)( 2 

L!:I.B — 25,(7 15L$, 13L% 16!7.

L.;].V 15. $) 3<iJ9 18!,04 16J,L 35L41 

M. 1? U]. !i 21s) 13,,8( 12. a 23:.6, 

I.X.’~ W.!) 2 ?*B 17.,8, lf+,2D 27,’7, 

HI.$1 L%tI lli JL 13.0{ 12,5 17.’1, 

:JLi :.x;’ 1: r.?3 13,$7, 13,:4, 2E,:2 

:.9L( :.7L[ 3:!.B 19:4, 17,:9, 37::3 

I,4L:4 1.2L:, U;.* lk,~3 13:1 2).3 

I 2Lt, I.lL$, 2i:. ?) 12,:7 1~~ 2;! Z 

18!,6, 15!)0, lx. 0 1’1.s 1!i.3 

18.,8. 13.,7. 11. :! 1) 3 1~}.?t 

15.!1. 12.k !5$.i. 1 i.!3 1:!.27 

M>tmrdl!->-.-..	 —., --.--- .-.,---- c 14.IL 13,9, :.62.:: 1:1.3 

PiGi::*!,i-~-.-,. — . 12,7, 12.:2, :.6LI 1:!.27 
Table 20. Fetal death ratios,by color: United States, each region and division, 1959-63—con.


[Refers only to fetal deaths occurring within the United %stes for which the period of gestation was given as 20 weeks or more or was not stated] 

1961 1960 1959


r ,


Total White Nonwhite Total White Nonwhite Total White Nonwhite


Ratios per 1,000 live births


16.1 14.1 27’.0 16.1 14.1 26.8 16.2 14.2 27.3 1 

18.1 16.3’ 33.6’ 18.2 16.4 34.1 18.1 16.2 35*4 2


13.7 12.6 23.4 14.2 13.2 23.6 14.2 i3.3 22.6 3


18.5 14.9 28.4” 17.8 14.1 28.o 18.0 14.1 28.4 4


12.9 12.4 17.4 13.1 12.6 16.4 13.2 12.8 17.2 5


13.7 13.4 21.0 13.6 13.4 3.9.2 13.5 13.3” 19.9 6


19.6 17.3 35.0 19.7 17.5 35.6 19.6 17.3 36.8 7


14.0 12..8 23.2 14.6 13.5 23.7 14.5 13.4 22.8 8


12.9 12.1 24.1 13.2 12.5 23.3 13.5 12.9 21.9 9


19.9 16.0 29.1 18.6 14.7 28.1 18.5 14.3 28.2 10 

19.6 14.9 30.7 19.8 14.8 31.7 20.0 14.8 32.2 11 

15.8 13.4 24.8 15.3 12.9 24.1 16.0 13.4 25.4 12 

13.0 12.6 17.6 13.4 13.2 15.5 13.9 13.7 16.6 13


12.9 L2.3 17.3 12.9 12.4 16.6 12.9 12.5 17.3 14 ‘


L —


47 
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Table 21. Number of fetal deaths, by color: United States, each region, division, and ‘3tate,1963


k Place of re~dence. Refer. only f-n fetal deaths occurring within the United Statesfor which the period of gestation was.given as ?0 weeks or more or was not stated] 

Region, division, and State Tota 1 II White’ Nonwhite


Number of fetal deaths


All regions1----------------------------------------------- 64,640 45,495 17’,075 

Northeast 16,649 11,437 3,142 

New England2--------------------------------------------------- 2,720 2,576 144 

Maine 297 294 3 

New Hampshire-----------------------------------------------L 188 ~afj 2 

Vermont------------------------------------------------,------ 188 188 

&ssachusetts2----------------------------------------------- 1,068 1,036 32 

Rhode Island------------------------------------------------- 290 268 22 

Connecticut 689 604 85 

Middle Atlantic1----------------------------------------------- 13,929 8,861 2,998
 r


New York 8,066 5>821 2,245


New Jersey 2,070


Pennsylvania 3,793 3>040 753


North Central 15,801 13,034 2,767 

East North Central 11,544 9,267 2,277 

Ohio 2,986 2,429 557 1 

Indiana------------------------------------------------------ 1,441 1,223 218 

Illinois 3,383 2,429 954 I 

, 

Michigan 2,545 2,073 472 i 

Visconsfi 1,189 1,113 76 

West North Central 4,257 3,767 490 

Mimesota 982 942 40 

Iowa--------------------------------------------------------- 694 675 19 

Missouri 1,230 929 301 

North Dakota 190 179 11 

South Dakota 230 202 28 

Nebraska 359 331 28 

Kansas 572 509 63 

lFigures by color exclude data for residents of New Jersey.


~Figures exclude approximately 300 fetal deaths recorded in this State, primarily to residents


of the State; see text.


48


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Table 21. Nuraber of fetal deaths, by color: United States, each region, division, and State, 

1963—Con. 

@y place of residence. Refers only to fetal deathsoccurringwithinthe United Sta~esfor which the period of gestation was given as 20 weeks 

or more or was not statedj 

Region, division, and State Tota1 White Nonwhite 

Number of fetal deaths


South 23,291 13,411 9,880 

South Atlantic 11,697 6,615 5,082 

Delaware 155 108 47 

Maryland 1,201 805 396 

District of Columbia 403 81 322 

Vtiginia 2,469 1,637 832 

West Virginia 611 575 36 

North Carolina 1,937 998 939 

South Carolina 1,175 414 761 

Georgia 1,944 974 970 

Florida 1,802 1,023 779 

East South Central 5,293 2,738 2,555 

Kentucky 883 756 127 

Temessee 1,366 870 496 

Alzbama 1,5&o 697 843 

Mississippi 1,504 415 1,089 

West South Central 6,301 4,058 2,243 

Arkansas 681 373 308 

Louisiana 1,460 583 877 

Oklahma 602 460 142 

Texas 3,558 2,642 916 

West-------------------------------------------------------------8,899 7,613 1,286 

Momtain 2,532 2,287 245 

Montana 200 186 14 

Idaho 161 160 1 

Wyoming 97 95 2 

Colorado 785 735 50 

New Mexico-----------------------------------------------:--- 380 336 44 

Arizona 519 416 103 

Utah 273 265 8 

Nevada 117 94 23 

Pacific 6,367 5,326 1,041 

Washington 677 617 60 

Oregon 620 587 33 

California 4,738 3,982 756 

Akska 105 66 39 

Hawaii 227 74 153 

49

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Table 22. Fetal death ratios, by color: United States and each State, by division, 1959.63


[Byplaceof residence. Refers only to fetal deaths occurring within the United States for which the period of ge+ation was given as 20wed= 

or more or was not stated. ,Asterisk indicates rate based on a frequency of less than 20J 

< 

1963 1962


Division and State


Total White Nonwhite Total White Nonwhite


Ratios per 1,000 live births


United Statesl~2--------- 15.8 13.7 26.7 15.9 13.9 26.7


New England


Mainea 13.5 13.6 *10 . fj 15.3 15.3 *21.9 

New Hampshire 13.5 13.4 *18.2 15.5 15.6 *1O .9 

Vermonta 21.4 21.5 19.0 19.1 

Massachusetts4--------------- 9.6 12.4 12.1 18.; 

Rhode Island----------------- 15.9 1;:; 2::; 16.5 15.5 :;.; Connecticut 12.2 11.6 18.0 13.4 12.7 . 

Middle Atlantic


New Yorka 22.7 19.3 41.5 22.8 19.5 42.3


New Jersey 15.6 14.9


Pennsylvania 17.1 15.4 30.2 16.8 15.5 27.4


East North Central


Ohio------------------------- 14.0 12.8 24.6 14.5 13.5 22.5


Indiana---------------------- 13.5 12.5 24.2 14.4 13.5 24.8


Illinois--------------------- 15.0 13.0 25.1 14.7 13.0 23.3


Michigan 14.2 13.0 23.9 15.0 13.6 26%0


Wisconsin 13.0 12.7 19.7 11.8 11.3 23.8


Weat North Central


Minnesota 12.2 12.0 23.8 12.3 12.2 18.7


Iowa------------------------- 12.0 11.9 *18.8 11.3 11.2 19.0


Missouri 13.6 11.9 23.7 15.0 13.2 25.8


North .Dakota 12.5 12.3 $16.4 11.8 11.7 *14.3


South Dakotas 13.7 13.2 19.8 12.5 11.8 20.8


Nebraska 11.0 10.6 16.9 11,5 11.3 16.4


Kansas 12.5 11.9 20.0 lL.7 11.2 17.7


1

Figures by color for 1962 and 1963 exclude data for residents of New Jersey.


2Excludes Hawaii prior to 1960.


3Maine, Vermont, New York City, Virginia (effective July 1, 1960), Georgia, Mississippi, Arkan­
 sas, Colorado, Oregon, and Hawaii required reporting of all fetal deaths regardless of gestation


periodinSin~ fetal deaths for which gestation was not stated are included in computing the ra­
 tios table, the ratios may be overstated as a result of inclusion of some early fetal


deaths from the not stated group.


bFigures for 1963 exclude approximately 300 fetal deaths recorded in Massachusetts, primarily


to residents of the State; see text.


5Required reporting of- all fetal deaths through June 1959, after which the registration re­
 quirement was limited to fetal deaths at gestations of 20 weeks or more.


50

Table 22. Fetal death ratios, by color: United States and each State, by division, 1959-63—Con.


[L3y or more tm was not stited. Asteri~~ indicates rate based m a frequency of less than ZO] 

. 

1961 I 1960 1959 

Total I ~ite \Nonwhite I Total I White INonwhite Total White Nonwhite 

place of residence. Refers only to fetal deaths occurring within the United States for which the period of gestation was given as ?O weeks 

Ratios per 1,000 live births


16.1 14.1 27.0 16.1 14.1 26.8 16.2 14.2 27.3 1 

14.2 

15.4 

14.3 

15.2 

*6.1 

*fj(j.J 

14.3 

12.7 

14.4 

12.7 

*6.5 

*lo.6 

15.0 

13.1 

15.0 

13.1 

15.9 

*25,6 

2 

18.8 18.8 15.0 15.0 17.1 17.2 : 

13.4 

14.6 

13.1 

14.2 

21.; 

*22.6 

13.7 

14.8 

13.5 

14.5 

18.; 

*22.8 

13.2 

14.1 

13.0 

13.7 

18.;

*21.6 

5 

12.5 11.8 20.8 12.9 12.4 20.5 12.7 12.2 21.4 ; 

22.9 19.9 42.2 23.2 19.9 45.7 23.3 19.8 46.7 8


15.3 13.8 25.0 15.3 14.1 23.1 15.1 13.8 23.7 9


16.9 15.5 280L 17.0 15.9 25.7 16.7 15.4 27.8 10


13.9 13.1 20.9 14.5 13.8 20.7 14.9 13.9 23.4 11


;J; 12.8 24.9 14.0 13.1 23.4 13.8 13.0 23.3 12


13.0 23.4 15.0 13.2 24.2 14.7 13.3 22.2 13


14:0 12.8 24.2 15.5 14.1 26.4 14.9 13.9 22.9 14


12.7 12.1 26.2 13.3 12.8 23.2 12.7 12.3 22.4 15


12.4 12.3 20.4 12.0 11.9 17.7 13.2 13.1 20.8 16


11.6 11.5 *17.1 11.6 11.5 21.1 11.7 11.6 *14.2 17


14.7 12.8 27.1 15.2 13.7 24.2 15.0 13.7 23.6 18


13.2 13.0 *17.f 13.0 12.7 *2O.8 11.9 11.7 *16.J 19


13.2 13.0 14.6 12.7 11.9 22.4 15.3 14.4 27.5 20


12.1 11.7 20,2 12.3 12.1 17.8 13.5 13.3 16,6 21


11.9 11.1 22.t 13.9 13.1 26.1 13.0 12.6 18.8 22


51

----------------------

----------------------

----------

---------------------

-----------------

----------------

----------------

-----------------------

----------------------

--------------------- -----------------------

-----------------------

-----------------------

--------------------

-----------------------

--------------------------

------------------------

--------------------

--------------------

------------------------

Table 22. Fetal death ratios, by color: LJni.ted States and each State, by division, 1959-63—Con. 

r3v ~lace OF residence. Refers orIlv tofetal deaths occurriHz within theUnited States
 for which the period of gestation was given as 20 weeks L.. 

. 

I 

1


;
:


i


1


7


E


~


10


11


12


13


14


15


16


17


18


19


20


21


x


24


25


26


27


28


;;


—


or more or was not stated. .4sterisk indicates ralebased on a frequency of lCSS than 2~ 

1963 1962


Division and State


Total White Nonwhite Total White Nonwhite


South Atlantic


Delaware


Maryland


District of Columbia


VirginiaS


West Virginia


North Carolina


South Carolina


Georgia3----------------------


Florida


East South Central


Kentucky


Tennessee


Alabama


Mississippi3------------------


West South Central


Arkansas~---------------------


Louisiana---------------------


Oklahoma----------------------


Texas-------------------------


Mountain


Montana


Idaho-------------------------


Wyoming


Colorado3---------------------


New Mexico


Arizona


Utah


Nevada


Pacific


Washington


OregonZ-----------------------


California


Alaska


Hawaii3*6----------------------


Ratios per 1,000 live births


13.5 11.8 20.2 14.7 12.9 21.:


15.4 13.3 23.1 16.0 14.0 23.1


19.9 14.2 22.2 18.0 13.9 19.7


25.5 22.4 35.1 27.4 24.0 38.0


17.1 16.9 21.3 16.0 15.8 21.6


18.0 13.5 27.9 18.2 13.8 27.8


20.2 12.1 31.7 17.7 10.9 27.4


19.5 15.1 27.8 19.7 15.3 27.~


15.7 12.1 25.7 15.6 11.9 25.9


13.0 12.2 21.8 13.7 13.0 21.5


17.1 13.9 28.4 17.8 15.0 27.6


20.2 14.6 29.9 20.1 14.0 30.5


26.2 15.4 35.7 27.0 16.8 35.9


16.4 12.6 26.0 17.7 13.7 27.7


17.1 11.3 26.0 16.3 11.0 24.5


12.0 10.8 19.0 12.3 10.9 21.2


14.9 13.0 ’25.4 15.1 13.4 24.8


12.6 12,7 +~11.3 12.3 12.1 *15.() 

10.8 10.9 *2.9 9.9 9.8 *14;7 

12.7 13.0 *6.8 10.6 10.6 >kg 

18.6 18.2 26.1 17.6 17.6 18.3 

13.7 13.8 12.7 14.3 14.1 16.3 

14.0 13.4 16.7 13.3 12.7 16.4 

10.9 10.9 ~c12,5 11.2 11.0 *2O.4 

12.3 11.1 21.7 16.8 15.1 28.6 

11.1 10.8 15.5 11.0 10.7 14.6


17.7 17.4 27.0 17.9 17.4 31.5


12.4 11.8 16.8 12.5 11.8 17.6


L3.7 12.7 15.7 12.3 19.9


12.8 13.5 12.4 13.3 1;:; 13.8


— 

3Maine, Vermont, New York City, Virginia (effective July 1, 1960), Georgia,Mississippi,A&an_
 sas, Colorado, Oregon, and Hawaii required reporting of all fetal deaths regardless of gestation


period. Since fetal deaths for which gestation was not stated are included in computing the ra­


tios in this table, the ratios may be overstated as a result of inclusion of some early fetal


deaths from the not stated group.


6Figures for 1959 are by place of occurrence.


52


.9 
.

Table 22. Fetal death ratios, by color: United States and each State, by division, 1959-63—Con. 

,.’ ,. 

[By place of residence. Refers only to fetal deaths occurring within the United .%ates for which the period of gestation was given as ?0 weeks . or more or was not stated. Asterisk indicates rate based on a frequency of less than NJ 

,. 1961 . I .1960 1959


Total White Nonwhite Total White Nonwhite Total ~ White Nonwhite


I


Ratios per 1,000 live births 

14.2 12.1 22.: 15.0 12.5 26.2 13.9 11.9 22.4 ,1


15.7 13.4 23.C 15.8 13.6 23.4 16.4 14.4 ‘23.0


18.6 15.1 20.C 20.0 16.3 21.7 18.2 14.6 20.0 2.


29..6 26.5 39.0 22.1 19.3 30.3 18.3 14.8 28.5 4


17.1 17J~ 21.E 15.0 14.4 27.2 16;7 16.1 26.5


19.6 14.5 31.C 19.0 14.1 29.5 19.3 13.9 30.7 .;
 19.9 12.5 30.C 21.1 13.3 31.7 20.2 12.6 30.4 .7.


19.8 14.6 29.C 20.5 15.3 30.1 21.2 16.1 30.6


16.5 12.6 27,Z 15.9 12.3 25.6 17.0 13.1 27.4 .;


,’. 

15.9 15.0 26.4 15.2 14.3 25.0 16.1 15.2 io


16.9 14.5 25.4 17:1 14.6 25.8 16.5 13.8 11


21.2 14.8 32.0 21.9 15.1 33,.4 21.6 15.0 12.


25.3 15.9 33,3 26.1 16.0 34.7 27.2 16.1 13


..


18.3 15.1 25.7 16.4 12.6 25.2 16.4 11.9 26.9 14


16.5 10.8 25.3 16.1 11.0 24.2 16.8 12.1 24.1 15


12.8 11.4 21.2 13.6 “12.
i “ 23.0 13.5 12.4 20.4


15.8 14.2 24.6 15.1 13.6 23.9 16.1 14.2 27.0 :;


;’


., ., .


11.2 11.1 *1~-9 10.8 10.5 “:;:.; .12.? 12;1 21.2 18


10.5 10.4 *15,8 12.1 11.8 11.5 11.4 *2O.5


13.0 13.0 *13.1 11.2 11.1 *13:g 14.4 14.3 *I6.o H


16.4 ~6.o 24.6 17.2 17.0 22.6 .16.6 16.5 19.7 21


13.0 12.7 14.6 14.1 14.0 15.0 13.7 13.8 13.6 22


13.9 ~ ‘ 12.7 20.3 12.7 12.4 14.5 14.2 13.6 17.0


416.1 10.5 10.5 *7.2 11.6 11.4 *15.8 ;;
 1::? 1::! *lo.3 13.9 13.8 *14.8 14.3 14.6 9:12.5 25.


11.7 11.3 19.4 11:5 11.1 18.2 11.6 11.2 18.2 26


15.7 15.2 30.2 16.1 16.1 17.2 14.7 14.6 18.5 27


12.8 12.1 18.0 12.8 12.2 17,1 13.0 12.5 17.5 28


11.8 11.4 12.5 12.0 10;2 16.1 13.5 14.4 11.8 29


14.4 15.3 13.9 15.3 17.9 14.1 15.3 16.4 14.9 30


— — 

53’

MATERNAL 

In 1963 the number of women who died of 

maternal causes was 1,466. This number does not 

represent all deaths of pregnant women but only 

those for which physicians have designated a 

maternal condition as the underlying cause. 

Maternal conditions are those assigned to 

deliveries and complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium (640-689). 

The maternal mortality rate was 35.8 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births for 1963— 

close to the level prevailing in recent years 

(table 23). Maternal loss was four times as great 

for nonwhite women as for white. Excess mortality 

for nonwhite women existed for each age group 

shown in table 24. The maternal death rates were 

at a minimum at ages under 25 years and then 

increased with age for both white and nonwhite 

women. 

Toxemia was important among the causes of 

‘maternal mortality-accounting for a third of the 

maternal deaths. Mortality from those toxemias 

arising during pregnancy and puerperium but 

excluding abortion increased in 1963. The rate 

for this cause (642, 685, 686) was 6.8 maternal 

deaths per 100,000 live births compared with 5.6 

in 1962. Rates for other causes of maternal deaths 

were virtually unchanged in the 2 years. 

The number of maternal deaths for individual 

States is currently too small to give statistically 

reliable rates. Consequently combined data for 3 

years are more useful to measure differences in 

rates between areas. The average maternal death 

rates by color for each State for 1961-63 are 

shown in table 25. Comparable rates for each 

region and division are shown in table 26. 

The level of maternal mortality varied extensively among the 50 States and the District of 

Columbia—from a low of 11.2 maternal deaths 

per 100,000 live births in Minnesota to 84.1 

in Mississippi (1961-63). Patterns similar to those 

observed for infant mortality rates by division 

and region existed for maternal mortality rates. 

Rates were high for the three divisions of the 

South Region, and New England registered the 

lowest of the division rates, 20.8 maternal deaths 

per 100,000 live births, which was well below the 

U.S. average of 35.9. 

A comparison of maternal mortality in the 

United States with that of other countries of low 

mortality is limited by several factors. First, 

54


MORTALITY 

differences exist in registration practices and in 

definitions of vital events. In addition, rates for 

a number of countries of low mortality, such as 

Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, are based on a 

small number of events.8 Therefore these rates 

are subject to considerable variation. Currently 

the average maternal mortality rate for the 

United States compares favorably with that of the 

Scandinavian countries. 

TREND 

The maternal mortality rate has declined 

consistently since 1915, the first year this figure 

800 

\ 

\& 

\ 

1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 

Figure 6, Maternal mortal ity rates by color: 

Un ited States, 1940-63. 
was recorded. The rates changed only slightly until 

the middle of the 1930 decade when they began a 

rapid drop. The annual average percent decline 

was 12.8 between 1937 and 1955. Since that time the 

average decline has been less rapid, only 2.1 

percent between 1956 and the current year. 

The differential between rates for white and 

nonwhite women has been more or less constant 

for the past 10 years–the maternal death rates 

being about four times greater for nonwhite 

women (fig. 6). After the completion of the birthregistration area in 1933 the gap widened until 

the mid-1950’s. 

During the period of rapid decline in maternal 

mortality, 1937-55, the average annual decline in 

the rate for the white group was 14.0 percent and 

10.6 percent for the nonwhite. For the period 

1956-63 the annual rate of decline slowed to 2.5 

percent for white mothers and 3.5 for nonwhite 

mothers. 

Causes of maternal mortality can be considered according to whether the condition arises 

during pregnancy, delivery, or puerperium. There 

has been great improvement in mortali~ from 

those complications which arise during pregnancy 

(640-649); the rate forthis-category has decreased 

over 50 percent in the last decade (table 27). 

However, the rate for abortion remains virtually 

unchanged. The decrease in maternal mortality 

rates ior each of the four categories is somewhat 

greater for white women than for nonwhite between 

the two periods 1952-54 and 1961-63. 

55 
----------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------

--------------------- -----------------------------------

---------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------- -------

-----------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------- --------

------------------------- ---------------------------

------------------- ----------------

Table 23. Maternal mortality rates, by colm:. birth-regiatratlonStates m United States, 1915-”63


[Refers only to deaths occurring within the specified area. Alaska included beginning 1959, and Hawaii, 1960. Prior to 1933, data me for birth. 

registration States only. Deaths are classified according @ tbe International Lists used at the time J 

Year Total White Nonwhite 

Rates per 100,000 live births


l9631------------------------------------------------------ 35.8 24.0 96.9 

19621 35.2 23.8 95.9 

19.61 36,9 24.9 101.3 

1960 37.1 26.0 97.9 

1959 37.4 25.8 102.1 

l958------------------------------------------------------ 37.6 26.3 101.8 

l957------------------------------------------------------- 41.0 27.5 i18.3 

l956------------------------------------------------------- 40.9 28.7 110.7 

l955------------------------------------------------------- 47.0 32.8 130.3 

l954------------------------------------------------------- 52.4 37.4 143.8 

l953------------------------------------------------------- 61.1 44.L 166.1 

1952 ---.------ 67.8 48.9 188,1 

1951 75.0 54.9 201.3


1950 -.----------.,--- 83.3 61.1 221.6 

1949 90.3 68.1 234.8 

l948------------------------------------------------------- 116.6 89.4 301.0 

l947------------------------------------------------------- 134.5 108.6 334.6 

l946------------------------------------------------------- 156.7 13007 358;9 

l945------------------------------------------------------- 207.2 172.1 454.8 

l944------------------------------------------------------- 227.9 189.4 506.0 

1943 ----.--------..-- 245,2 210.5 509.9 

1942 258.7 221,8 544.0 

1941 316.5 266.0 678.1 

1940 -------b .--z 376.0 319.8 773.5 

l935-39---------------------------------------------------- 493.9 439.9 875.5 

l93o-342--------------------------------------------------- 636.0 575.4 1,080.7 

l925-29---------------------------------------------------- 668.6 615.0 1,163.7 

1920-24- 689.5 649.2 1,134.3 

1915-19 ----..----

-


--.------ 727.9 700.3 1,253.5 

lF@ures by color exclude data for residentsof New Jersey. 

2For 1932-34,Mexicans are includedwith “Nonwhite.”


56

-----

-----

Table 24. Number of maternal deaths and maternal death rates for selected causes, by age and


color: United States, 1963


[Refers onlytodeaths occurring within theU.itscl Staks.Number.
 after causes of death me category n.mberscif the Seventh RwisiorI of the 

International Lists, 1955. Figures by color exclude data for residents of New Jersey] 

1, , 

Cause of death and color All Under 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45i-
 20 

ages years years years years yeara years years


Number of maternal deaths


Deliveries and compli­


cations of pregnancy,


childbirth,and the


puerperium----------------64O-6891,466 137 275 289 321 312 122


White


Nonwhite--


Sepsis of pregnancy,


childkdrth,and


puerperium----------64O,64l,68l,682,684


White-----
 Nonwhite--


Toxemias of pregnancy and


puerperium,except abor­


tion with toxemia-----------642,685,686


White-----
 Nonwhite--


Hemorrhage of pregnancy


and childbirth----------6436724,67O-672


White-----
 Nonwhite--


Ectopic pregnancy--------------------645


White-----
 Nonwhite-A­


bortion without mention


of sepsis or toxemia----------------65O


White-----
 Nonwhite--


Abortion with aepsia-----------------651


White-----
 Nonwhite--


Abortion with toxemia,without


mention of sepsis-------------------652


White-----
 Nonwhite--


Other complicationsof


pregnancy,childbirth,and


puerperium,and delivery


~oout mention of complica-


----646-649,660,673-680,683,687-689


White


Nonwhite--


797 164 145 174 170 

619 104 129 132 135 :: ; 

164 32 39 22 31 14 1 

88 20 15 12 

71 12 22 9 :$! ; i 

280 52 49 54 53 25 2


135 30 28 14 1


3-37 21 & % 24 11 1


248 40 50 61 58 26 

131 23 21 32 29 16 

110 16 27 27 28 9 

96 21 14 26 24 4 1 

5 1 1 

% J 8 J :; 3 

66 12 19 14 14 2 

42 9 1; 6 10 

23 3 8 4 : 

201 43 46 49 41 7 1 

113 30 22 32 22 3 1 

78 12 21 12 18 4 

13 2 6 3 2


6 3 2 1


6 i 3 1 -


398 73 66 92 91 42 5


247 :; ;: ;; :; 29 4


136 12 1


57


10 
-----

-----

-----

-----

Table 24. Number of maternal deaths and maternal death rates for selectedcauses, by age and


color: United States, 1963-Con.


rRefers only to deaths occurring within the United States.
 Numbers after causes of death arecate~ory numbers of the Seventh l?evision of the 

Int~mational Lists, 1955. Figures bycoIor excIude data forresidents ;fNew Jersey] 

Cause of death and color All Under 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45+
 20
 ages years yeara years years years years years


1 

Rates per 100,000 live births


Deliveriesand compli­


cations of pregnancy,


childbirth,and the


puerperium----------------64O-689 35.8 23.1 18.9 28.2 52.6 96.8 137.1 202.8


-

Whi.te 24.0 14.6 13.6 17.2 35.1 65.1 99.8 178.7 

Nonwhite-- 96.9 51.0 50.1 90.4 146.9 277.0 343.7 343.2 

Sepsis of pregnancy, 

childbirth,and 

puerperiwn----------64O,64l,68l,682,684 4.0 4.2 2.2 3.8 3.6 9.6 15.7 20.3 

White 3.6 1.8 

Nonwhite-- 1::: 5.9 ::; 15.4 1;:: 2::: 5;:; 114.i 

Toxemias of pregnancyand 

puerperium,except abortion with toxemia-----------642,685,686 6.8 7.6 3.6 4.8 8.8 16.5 28.1 40.6 

White 10.7 19.4 25.5


Nonwhite-- 2::: 2::: 1::; 1::: 3it 49.2 80.4 114.4


Hemorrhage of pregnancy


and childbirth----------6436724,67O-672 6.1 2.2 2.8 4.9 10.0 18.0 29.2


White 3.9 1.9 11.1 22.2 

Nonwhite-- 17.2 ::; 7.7 1::2 3;:: 57.4 65.8 

Ectopic pregnancy--------------------645 2.3 1.0 1.4 1.4 4.3 7.4 4.5 20.3 

White----- 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.6 25.5 

Nonwhite-- 9.1 2.2 6.3 5.6 2::? 2::: 2;:$ -

Abortion without mention


of sepsis or toxemia----------------65O 1.6 0.8 0.8 1.9 2.3 4.3 2.2


White----- 1.3 0.4 0.7 1.4 .


Nonwhite-- 3.6 1.5 1.4 ::; ;:$ u! 7.3


Abortion with sepsis-----------------65l 4.9 2.4 3.0 4.5 8..0 12.7 7.9 20.3


White----- 3.4 0.7 6.4 25.5


Nonwhite-- 12.2 8.1 N 1::? 13.4 3::; 2;:$
 -


Abortion with toxemia,without 

mention of sepsis-------------------652 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.5 2.2 

White----- 0.2 0.4 0.4 1.4 

Nonwhite-- 0.9 1.; 2.1 1.1 

Other complicationsof


pregnancy,childbirth,and


puerperium,and delivery


without mention of complica-


tion----646-649,660,673-680,683,687-689 9.7 4.9 5.0 6.4 15.1 28.2 47.2 101.4


White----- 12.3 19.9 40.2 102.1


Nonwhite-- 2::: 1?:? 1;:: 1;:; 28.9 75.9 87.7 114.4


58 
----------------

--------

--------------

--------

---------

----------

-------------

-----------

--------

-----------------

--------------

-------------

-------------

------------

------------

-----------------

-------------

---------

---------

-------------

---------------

-------------

-------------

-------------

--------

--- ---

------

--------

--------------

--------------

-------------

------------

--------------

----------

-------------

------------

-------------

----------------

--------------

----------------

--------------

-------------

-----------

--------------

-----------------

---------------

-----------

---------------

-----------

---------------

---------------

Table 25. Maternal mortality rates, by color: United States and each State, by division, 1961-63 

(3-year average) 

[Byplace
of residence. Refers only to deaths occurring within the United States] 

— 

Division and State Total Division and State


United Statesl-


New England


Maine


New Hampshire


Vermont


Massachusetts


Rhode Island


Connecti_cut


Middle Atlantic


New York


New Jersey


Pennsylvania-


East North Central


Ohio


Indiana


Illinois


Michigan


Wisconsin


West North Central


Minnesota


Iowa


Missouri


North Dakota


South Dakota


Nebraska


Kansas


South Atlantic


Delaware


Maryland


District of Columbia-


Virginia


West Virginia


Rates per 100,000


live births


35.9 24.2 98.1
 —


21.5 20.7 112.6 

33.4 33.6 

14.6 14.6 

19.4 17.2 71.7 

12.7 9.5 88.6 

23.6 21.2 51.9 

46,2 32.0 131.5


34.8


28.2 19.3 99.6


24.5 19.8 64.0


31.7 24.6 111.1


28.0 21.5 60.3


36.2 25.7 120.9


26.o 23.8 77.7


11.2 11.0 20.2 

17.0 17.3 

34.4 29.3 66.3 

27.3 24.2 97.6 

25.2 21.1 72.6 

20.7 17.6 81.9 

27.0 21.5 104.7 

31.7 21.6 71.8


31.1 18.3 75.7


64.3 5.7 88.4


44.7 25.1 105;6


50.0 44.1 165.8


South Atlantic-Con.


North Carolina


South Carolina


Georgia


Florida


East South Central


Kentucky


Tennessee


Alabama


Mississippi


West South Central


Arkansas


Louisiana


Oklahoma


Texas


Mountain


Montana


Idaho


Wyoming


Colorado


New Mexico


Arizona


Utah


Nevada


Pacific


Washington


Oregon


California


Alaska


Hawaii


Rates per 100,000


live births


50.5 22.1 112.6


65.2 18.4 131.2


49.8 28.0 89.3


42.7 21.2 102.7


44.9 36.1 138.9


44.8 31.1 93.2


74.8 27.1 155.3


84.1 29.3 131.9


49.1 24.9 108.5


41.9 21.4 73*5


33.5 23.7 92.5


45.6 35.1 105.2


20.0 13.0 103.6 

31.1 31.7 

24.8 21.5 110.9 

26.0 25.6 37.3 

51.8 48.3 77*7 

38.4 24.5 111.2 

24.5 21.1 158.2 

22.9 13.0 97.3 . 

18.3 17.3 35.2


19.2 16.1 105.9


28.4 22.8 70.6


56.8 19.5 133.9


20.6 24.4 18.9


lFigures by color exclude data for residents of.New Jersey for 1962 and 1963,


59

---------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------

Table 26. Maternal mortality rates, by color: United States, each region and division, 1961-63 

(3-yearaverage) 

[By place of residence Refers only to deaths occurring within the United States 1 

Region and division Total White Nonwhite 

Rates per 100,000 live births


United StatesI


All regions


Northeast1-------------------------------------------------


North Central


South


West----------------- --z---


Northeast


New England


Middle Atlantic1-------------------------------------------


North Central


East North Central


West North Central


South


South Atlantic


East South Central


West South Central


West


Mountain


Pacific


35.9 24.2 98.1


34.1 24.2 115.2


27.3 21.8 77.4


49.0 27.8 107.1


28.1 23.0 67.5


20.8 18.8 64.7


38.4 26.4 121.5


29.2 22.7 79.7


22.8 19.8 67.7


47.1 24.0 102.7


61.0 31.5 132.3


43.7 30.5 92.6


32.0 26.8 92.3


26.6 21.5 61.7


lFiguresby color exclude data for residents of New Jersey for 1962 and 1963.

-------- ---------------- --------

Table 27. Maternal roortality rates for selected cause~by color:UnLted States, 1952-54 and 1961-63 

(3-year average) 

[Rebm onlytodeaths occurring within the United States. Figures by color exclude data for residents of New Jersey for 1962 and 1963] 

1961-63 1952-54
 I


Cause of death


Non­


whike


+ 

Deliveries and complications of pregnancy,


childbirth, and the puerperiurn--------64O-689


Complications of pregnancy-------.-----.-.---64O-649


Abortion -----650-652


Delivery-------------..-.----...---------66O,67O-678


Complications of the puerperium--------------68O-689


,. 

Rates per 100,000 live births


35.9 24.2 98.1 59.4 42.9 156.8 — 

11.2 6.9 34.2 24,5 16.1 73.9 

7.3 4.6 21.4 7.5 5.0 22.3 

12.3 9.0 29.7 18.3 U*5 40.6 

5.2 .3.8 12.8 9.1 7.2 20.0 

61 
QUALIFICATIONS 

SOURCES OF DATA 

Death and fetal death statistics are based on 

information obtained from microfilm copies of 

original certificates. These copies are received 

from the registration offices of all States, certain 

cities, and the District of Columbia. The statistical 

information on these records is edited, classified, 

placed on punchcards, transferred to a tape for 

computer processing, and tabulated in the National 

Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). 

Mortality data for the United States (the 

aggregate of the 50 States and the District of 

Columbia) are confined to events registered within the United States and include events occurring 

to nonresident aliens but not those occurring to 

U.S. citizens outside the United States. 

CLASSIFICATION BY OCCURRENCE 

AND RESIDENCE 

Tabulations by place of occurrence include 

all events occurring in a given area. In residence 

tabulations, all deaths are allocated to the usual 

place of residence of the decedent—of the mother 

in the case of fetal deaths-as reported on the 

certificate. All events occurring within the United 

States are allocated to a place of residence within 

the United States. For no~esident aliens the State 

of residence is considered to be the same as the 

State of occurrence. 

METROPOLITAN AND 

NONMETROPOLITAN COUNTIES 

Metropolitan counties are those which comprise standard metropolitan statistical areas 

(except in New England). Nonmetropolitan counties 

are all other counties. Standard metropolitan 

statistical areas (SMSA’S) are those established 

by the U.S. Bureau of the Budget and used by the 

U.S. Bureau of the Census as of the 1960 census. 

Except in New England States, an SMSA is a 

county or a group of contiguous counties which 

contains at least one city of 50,000 inhabitants 

or more or “twin cities” with a combined population of at least 50,000 in the 1960 census. 

62 

OF DATA 

In addition, contiguous counties are included in an 

SMSA if, according to specified criteria, they are 

(a) essentially metropolitan in character and 

(b) socially and economically integrated with the 

central city or cities.g 

In New England the Bureau of the Budget uses 

towns and cities rather than counties as geographic 

components of the SMSA. The National Center for 

Health Statistics cannot use the SMSA classification for these States because its data are not coded 

to identify all tofis. Instead the metropolitan 

State economic area (MSEA) established by the 

Bureau of the Census, which is made up of county 

units, is used.l” 

URBAN AND RURAL AREAS 

Vital statistics data for 1963 are classified 

as urban or rural according to the population of 

the area enumerated in the 1960 census. The urban 

population consists of inhabitants. residing in the 

following places: 

1.	 Each incorporated city, borough, village, 

and town of 2,500 inhabitants or more 

(except towns in New England, New York, 

and Wisconsin). 

2, Each town in New England and each township in New Jersey and Pennsylvania that 

has no incorporated municipality as a 

subdivision and has either 25,000 inhabitants or more or a population of 2,500 to 

25,000 and a density of 1,500 persons or 

more per square mile.a 

3. Each county in States other than the New 

England States., New Jersey, and Pennsylvania that has no incorporated municipality 

within its boundary and has a density of 

1,500 persons or more per square mile. b 

The rural population consists of inhabitants 

residing in all other areas. 

This classification differs from the 1960 

census definition of urban population. The latter 

definition includes, in addition, persons living in 

(a) unincorporated places of 2,500 inhabitants or 

aThese areas are identified by the symbol (UT) in table 

30 of the U.S. Bureau of the Census publication cited in 

reference 9. 

b

Arlington County, Virginia, is the only county in this 

category. 
---

---

more not included in the above definition of 

“urban” and (b) incorporated and unincorporated 

places of less than 2,500 inhabitants located 

within urban fringes of urbanized areas. 

It was not feasible to use the 1960 census 

definitions of urban and rural for classifying 

vital statistics data since (a) boundary delineations 

for many urban’’unincorporated places were made 

by the Bureau of the Census for enumeration 

purposes only many unincorporated places do not 

conform to political units and their boundaries 

change with population growth; in most instances 

the residence information on vita+ records is 

insufficient to allocate residence to arbitrary 

delimitations of unincorporated areas; and 

(b) vital statistics were not tabulated separately 

for places of less than 2,500 inhabitants. The 

difference in the percent distribution of the 

population in 1960 according to NCHS and the 

. Bureau of the	 Census is as follows: 

Census Percent 

Bureau NCHS difference c 

Total-- 100.0 100.0 ... 

Urban 69.9 61.1 -12.6 

Rural 30.1 38.9 +29.2 

cCensus figures used as the base. 

RACE AND COLOR 

The category “white” includes, in addition to 

persons reported as “white,” those reported as 

Mexican or Puerto Rican. The category “nonwhite” 

includes Negro, American Indian, Chinese, 

Japanese, Aleut and Eskimo, Hawaiian and PartHawaiian, “other nonwhite, ” and persons of mixed 

races. 

Figures by color or race are not available 

for New Jersey in 1962 and 1963. This State 

omitted the item on color or race from its 

certificates of live birth, death, and fetal death 

in use for most of 1962 and 1963. Therefore all 

events to residents of New Jersey were classified 

as “color or race not stated. ” 

In tables containing totals for the United 

States, the category “color or race not stated” 

is not shown in order to conserve space. However, 

the numbers of events classified as “color or race 

not stated” can be obtained in each table by 

subtracting from the totals for all races the sum 

of the events classified by color or race. 

In tables by place of residence for individual 

States or their geographic subdivisions, the “color 

or race” classification is not shown for New 

Jersey for 1962, and 1963. In the relatively 

infrequent cases in which the event occurred 

in New Jersey to a resident of another State, it 

was arbitrarily classified as “white.” 

FETAL DEATHS 

Definition 

In May 1950 the World Health Organization 

recommended for adoption for international use 

the &efinition of fetal death as “death prior to the 

complete expulsion or extraction from its mother 

of a product of conception irrespective of the 

duration of pregnancy; the death is indicated by 

the fact that after such separation, the fetus does 

not breathe or show any other evidence of life 

such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the 

umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary 

muscles. ” The term “fetal death” was defined on 

an all-inclusive basis to end confusion arising 

from usage of such terms as stillbirth, abortion, 

and miscarriage. 

The definition has been adopted by about half 

the States. In most of the other States a fetal death 

is defined as a birth of a minimum gestation period 

which is not alive birth and live births are defined 

in varying detail. 

Period of Gestation 

The period of gestation is the number of 

completed weeks which have elapsed between the 

first day of the last-menstrual period and the date 

of delivery, irrespective of whether the product of 

63 
conception was liveborn or born without evidence 

of life. 

It is evident from the data in table 14 that 

there are inaccuracies in the reported period of 

gestation. The comparatively large proportion of 

fetal deaths at gestation periods of 36 weeks is 

believed to re$ult from erroneous conversion of 

gestation peliods of 9 calendar months to 36 

weeks. In addition, the heavy concentrations at 

40 weeks result partly from failure to calculate 

the period of gestation for fetuses of normal 

size. 

California, the District of Columbia, 

Maryland (including Baltimore), and New York 

City specify “date of last menses” on their 

certificates in place of the “length of pregnancy” 

item or its equivalent. Vermont specifies “date 

of menses or if unknown, weeks of gestation. ” 

CAUSE OF DEATH 

Beginning with 1958, the cause-of-death statistics published by the National Center for Health 

Statistics have been classified in accordance with 

the Seventh Revision of the International Lists of 

Diseases and Causes of Death (1955). The Seventh 

Revision is described ‘in the Manual of the 

International Statistical Classification.ll Earlier 

revisions and comparability between revisions are 

discussed in the Technical Appendix of Vital 

Statistics of the United States, 1964, Volume II, 

and the references cited therein. 

REFERENCES


lMoriyama, I. M... Recent change in infant mortality ‘trend. 

Pub. HeaZth Rep. 75:391-405, May 1960. 

2Moriyama, L M., and Shapiro, S.: International trends in 

infant mortality and their implications for the United States. 

Am.J.Pub.Health 53:747-760, May 1963. 

3National Center for Health Statistics: Comparability of 

mortality statistic for the Sixth and Seventh Revisions, 

United States, 1958, by M. M. Faust and A. B. Dolman. Vitai 

Statistics-Special Reports, Vol. 51, No. 4. Public Health 

Service. Washington, D. C., Mar. 1965. 

4Yeruebalmy, J., and Bierman, J. M.: Major problems in 

fetal mortality. Obst. and Gynec.Survey 7:(1)1-34, Feb. 1952, 

5National Office of Vita~ Statistics: Fetal death statistics, 

United States, 1950. Vita? Statistics-Special Reports, Vol. 37, 

No. 17. Public Health Service. Washington, D. C., Feb. 1954. 

6National Office of Vital Statistic: Fetal deaths, United 

States and each State, and Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and 

the Virgin Ielands (U.S.), 1956. Vita2 Statistics-Special 

Reports, Vol. 48, No. 13. Public Health Service. Washington, 

D. C., Oct. 1958. 

7National Office of Vital Statistics: Fetal deathe, United 

States and each State, and Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and 

the Virgin Islands (U.S.), 1956. Yita? Statzktics-Specia2 

Reports, Vol. 50, No. 15. Public Health Service. Washington, 

D. C., Sept. 1959. 

8StatisticaI Office of tbe United Nations: Demographic 

Yearbook for 1963 and earlier years. New York. United 

Nations. 

‘For a more complete discussion, see U.S. Bureau of the 

Census, U.S. Census of Population, 1960, Number of Irthabitants, Unite d States Summa~, Final Report PC(l)-lA, Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1961, and U.S. -Bureau of the Budget, Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 

Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1961. 

10 

For discussion of M’SEA’S, see U.S. Bureau of the Ceneus, 

State Economic Areas, Washington, U.’S. Government Printing 

Office, 1951, and the first reference cited in reference 9. 

11 World Health Organization: Manual of the international 

Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes 

of Death, Based on the Recommendations of the Seventh 

Revision Conference, 1955, Vol. L Geneva, Switzerland, 1957. 

000 

64 
OUTLINE OF REPORT SERIES FOR VITAL AND HEALTH STATISTICS 

Public Health Service Publication No. 1000 

Series 1. l%ograrns and collection procedures. —Reports which describe the general programs of the National 

SeYies 2. 

Sew”es 3, 

Se7ies 4. 

Series 10. 

Series 11. 

SeTies 12. 

Series 20. 

SeYies 21. 

Sen”es 22. 

Center for Health Statistics and its offices and divisions, data collection methods used. definitions, and 

other material necessary for understanding the data. 

Reports number 1-4 

Rata evaluation and methods ~esearch .-Studies of new statistical methodology including: experimental 

tests of new survey methods, studies of vital statistics collection methods, new analytical techniques, 

objective evaluations of reliability of collected data, contributions to statistical theory. 

Reports number 1-18 

Analytical studies. —Reports presenting analytical or interpretive studies based on vital and health statistics, carrying the analysis further than the expository types of reports in the other series. 

Reports number 1-4 

Documents and committee repoYts.— Final reports of major committees concerned with vital and health 

statistics, and documents such as recommended mcdel vital registration laws and revised birth and 

death certificates. 

Reports number 1-5 

Data Fvom the Health Interview Survey. -Statistics on illness, accidental injuries, disability, use of 

hospital, medical, dental, and other services, and other health-related topics, based on data collected in 

a continuing national household interview survey. 

Reports number 1-32 

Data FYom the Health Examination SuYvey.— Statistics based on the direct examination, testing, and 

measurement of national samples of the population, including the medically defined prevalence of specific diseases, and distributions of the population with respect to various physical, physiological, 

and psychological measurements. 

Reports number 1-18 

Data From the Health RecoYds Survey. —Statistics from records of hospital disclxyges and statistics 

relating to the health characteristics of persons in institutions, and on hospital, medical, nursing, and 

personal care received, based on national samples of establishments providing these services and 

samples of the residents or patients. 

Reports number 1-5 

Data on moytality. —Various statistics on mortality other than as included in annual or monthly reportaspecial analyses by cause of death, age, and other demographic variables, alsd geographic and time 

series analyses. 

Reports number 1-3 

Data on natality, mavviage, and divorce. —Various statistics on natality, marriage, and divorce other 

than as included in annual or monthly reports-s pecial analyses by demographic variables, also geographic and time series analyses, studies of fertility. 

Reports number 1-9 

Data FYom the National NataWy amt MoYtality Suvveys. — Statistics on characteristics of birtha and 

deaths not available from the vital records, based on sample surveys stemming from these records, 

including such topics as mortali~ by socioeconomic class, medical experience in the last year of life, 

characteristics of pregnancy, etc. 

Reports number 1 and 2 

For a list of titles of reports published in these series, write tw	 National Center for Health Statistics 

U.S. Public Health Service 

Washington, D.C. 20201