Mortality From

DiseasesAssociated

Wtih Smoking:

United States, 1960-77

A continuation of the analysis of mortality

trends by age, race, and sex for diseases

associated with tobacco smoking. The first

report on these trends covered the years

1950-64 and was published in 1966.

Data From the National Vital Statistics

System, Series 20, No. 17

DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 82-1854

U.S. Department of Health and Human

Services

Public Health Service

Office of Health Research, Statistics,

and Technology

National Center for Health Statistics

Hyattsville, Md.

January 1982
I

I

I

I

Library of CongmsaCatalogingin PublicationData

Klebba,A. Joan.

Mortalityfrom diseasesassociatedwith smoking.

(Vital andhealthstatistks: Series20, Datafrom the National

Vital StatistksSystem; no. 17) (DHHS publication; no. (PHS)

82-1854)

Bibliography: p.

1. Tobacco-Toxicology-United Statas-Statistics.2. MortalityUnitedStates.3. UnitedStatas-Statistks,Medical. 4. UnitedStatasStatistks,Vital. 1.Titla. Ii. Sarias:UnitedStates. NationalCanterfor

HealthStatistics.Vital andhealthstatistks: Series20, Datafrom the

NationalVital StatisticsSystem,Dataon mortality ; no. 17. Ill. Series:

UnitedStates.Dept. of Healthand HumanSarvkas. DHHS publication ; no. (PHS) 82-1854.

HB1335.A18 no. 17 [RA1242.TB] 312’.2’0873s

ISBN O-B40S4J2f18-l [616.@523791 8~07855
National Center for Health Statistics

DOROTHY P. RICE, Director

ROBERT A. ISRAEL, Depu~ Director

JACOB J. FELDMAN, Ph.D., Associate Director forAn@sis

and EptUemwlogy

GAIL F. FISHER, Ph.D., Asscwizte Director for the

Cooperative Health Statistics System

GARRIE J. LOSEE, Associate Director for Data Ftwessing

and Services

ALVAN O. ZARATE, Ph.D., Assistant Director for

Intematwnal Statistics

E. EARL BRYANT, Aswctite Director for Interview and

Examination Statistics

ROBERT C. HUBER,Associate Director for Management

MONROE G. SIRKEN, Ph.D., Associate Director for Research

and Methodology

PETER L. HURLEY,Associate Director for Vital and Health

Ca7eStatistics

ALICE HAYWOOD,Information Officer

Division of Vital Statistics

JOHN E. PATTERSON, Director

ALICE M. HETZEL, Deputy Director

HARRY M. ROSENBERG, Ph.D., Chief Mortality Statistics

Branch

JOSEPH D. FARRELL, ChieL Computer Applications Staff

MABEL G. SMITH, ChiefiStatistical Resources Branch
Contents

Introduction. ,,, . .,, ,,.,... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Mortality from diseasesrelatedto smoking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant naoplasm oftrachea, bronchus, and lung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplasm ofiarynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplasm oflip.-. .,.. . . . . . . ’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chronic and unqualified bronchitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ischemic heartdisease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cirrhosis ofliver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Emphysema and Chronic obstructive lung disease without mention of asthma, bronchitis, oremphysema. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Peptic ulcer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplasm ofesophagus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplasm ofbuccalcavity andpharynx, excludinglip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplasm ofbladder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Specified noncoronary cardiovascular diseases, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplasm ofpancreas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplasmofkidney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6

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References, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...38

Selected bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...39

Listofdetailed tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...40

Appendixes

Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

1. Technical notes, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...75

Il. The United States standard certificate ofdeath asrevised in 1968..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

ill, Changes in smokingpatterns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...78

List oftextfigures

1, Death rates for Malignant neoplasm oftrachea, bronchus,and lung, forwhite men and white women, by birth cohort and

ageatdeath: United States, 5-year intervalsduring 1947-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2. Death rates for Maiignantneoplasm oftrachea, bronchus, andlung, for all other men and all other women, by birth cohortand ageatdeath: United States, 5-year intewals during 1947-77.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3. Death rates for Ischemic heart disease for white men and all other men, by age: United States, 1950-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

4. Death rates for Ischemic heart disease for white women and all other women, by age: United States, 1950-77 . . . . . . . . 18

5, Death rates for men in specified age groupsfor41eading causesofdeath related to smoking: United States, 1960-77 . . . . 22

...

Ill
6. Death rates for women in specified age groups for 4 leading causesof death related to smoking: United States, 1960-77. .

7. Death rates for Bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma, and other chronic obstructive lung diseases: United States,

1950-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...””.””””” ““”.”

List of text tables

A.

B.

c.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

J.

K.

L.

M,

N.

o.

P.

Q.

Age-adjusted death rates for specified causes Iinked with smoking, for all races other than white and for the black race:

UnitedStates, 1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Percent change in age-adjusted death rates for selected diseases related to smoking, by race and sex: United States,

1950-57, 1958-67, and 1968-77. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Average annual percent change in age-adjusted death rates for selected diseases related to smoking, by race and sex:

United States, 1950-57, 1958-67,and 1968-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mortality sex ratios by race and mortality race ratios by sex for selected causesof death: United States, specified years

during 1950-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..s

Death rates for Malignant neoplasmof trachea, bronchus, and Iung, by birth cohort, race, sex, and age atdeath: United

States, 5-year intervalsduring 1947-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Age-adjusted death rates for selected causasof death, by race and sex: United States, specified years during 1950-77. , . .

Death rates and rank order for Cirrhosis of liver, by race and sex: United States, 1950, 1973, and 1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number and percent distribution of deaths from Cirrhosisof Iiver by subcategories Alcoholic, Other specified, andUnspecified, according toraceand sex: United States, 1968and 1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Death rates for Cirrhosis of liver for cohort born 1903-07, by race,sex, andage atdeath: United States, 5-year intervals

during 1952-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number of deathsfromspecified diseasesof respirato”w system: United States, 1968-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Percent distribution of deaths from specified diseasesof respiratory system, by race and sex: United States, 1969-77, , ,

Death rates for All causes and for Diseases of the respiratory system, including Tuberculosis of respiratory system,

Malignant neoplasm of respiratory system, Asthma, and other specified diseasesof the respiratory system: United States,

1960.77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..s.. . . . ..s . . . .

Age-adjusted death rates for Malignant neoplasm ofpancreas and Malignant neoplasm of kidney, byrace andsex: United

States, specified yearsduring 1950-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mortality sex ratios by race and mortality race ratios bysex for Malignant neoplasm ofpancreas and Malignant neoplasm

ofkidney: United States,specified years during 1950-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Death rates for Malignant neoplasm of pancreas for cohort born 1903-07, by race, sex, and age at death: United States,

5-year intervals during 1952-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..s

Death rates for Malignant neoplasm of kidney for cohort born 1903-07, by race, sex, and age at death: United States,

5-year intervals during 1952-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24

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7

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Symbols

--- Data not available

. . . Category not applicable

Quantity zero

0.0 Quantity more than zero butless than

0.05

z Quantity more than zero but lessthan

500 where numbers are rounded to

thousands

*

Figure does not meet standards of

reliability or precision

# Figure suppressed tocomply with

confidentiality requirements

iv
Mortality From Diseases Associated

With Smoking

By A, Joan Klebba, M.A., Division of Vital Statistics

Introduction

Extensive studies using epidemiological, experimental, and clinical methods have been made on the

effects of tobacco on health. In 1962, the Advisory

Committee on Smoking and Health appointed by the

Surgeon General of the Public Health Service reviewed and evaluated the studies available at that

time and presented the results in the report Smoking

and Health, 1 issued in 1964. In their report the

Advisory Committee weighed the evidence of the

relationship of smoking, particularly of cigarettes, to

Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus, and lung

and to a number of other diseases.

As a result of various activities that were undertaken following the publication of Smoking and

Health 1 and the interest in measuring the long-range

effects of programs to stop the rise in mortality during the productive years of life from Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus, and lung and from other

diseases linked with cigarette smoking, it was considered desirable to pay special attention to current and

future mortality trends from these diseases. In 1966,

the National Center for Health Statistics published a

reportz on mortality associated with smoking, which

was designed to lay the foundation for the long-range

observation of these trends. This report was divided

into two major sections: (1) the trends of mortality

from diseases that the Surgeon General’s Advisory

Committee considered to be causally related to smoking, and (2) the trends of mortality from diseases that

the Advisory Committee considered to be associated

with but not clearly causally related to smoking. It

covered the 1950-64 period.

The 18 years (1964-81) of additional research

under succeeding Surgeons General strengthened the

conclusion that smoking is causally related to the

four diseases noted in the first report by the Surgeon

General in 1964: (1) Malignant neoplasm of trachea,

bronchus, and lung, (2) Malignant neoplasm of

larynx, (3) Malignant neoplasm of lip, and (4)

Chronic and unqualified bronchitis.s ZA This additional research also determined the following four

diseases, which formerly were considered only associated with smoking, to be causally related to

smoking: (1) Ischernic heart disease; (2) Emphysema

and chronic obstructive lung disease without mention

of asthma, bronchitis, or emphysema; (3) Malignant

neoplasm of buccal cavity and pharynx, excluding lip;

and (4) Malignant neoplasm of esophagus. The

research added two more diseases-Malignant neoplasm of pancreas and Malignant neoplasm of kidney–to the list of diseases that are class&ied as at

least associated with smoking. The list includes three

diseases that have continued to be identified since the

earlier report as associated with smoking but not

causally related to smoking: Peptic ulcer, Malignant

neoplasm of bladder, and Specified noncoronary

cardiovascular diseases.

Cirrhosis is included in this report for continuity

and comparison. In the first report on Smoking and

Health it was noted that the data available from

prospective studies were not sufficient to support a

direct or causal association between Cirrhosis of liver

(ICDA No. 581) and smoking. It also was noted that

the increased death rate observed at that time “may

reflect the consumption of alcohol and associated

nutritional deficiencies rather than the effect of

cigarette smoking.”1 A more recent report of the

Surgeon General reiterates this association: “The

association of cigarette smoking with cirrhosis is an

indirect one. There is a strong correlation of cigarette

smoking with the use of alcoholic beverages, which in

turn causes cirrhosis.”s

In this report mortality trends for the 12 diseases

included in the first report are presented for ease of

comparison in the same order as in that report. They

are followed by trends for the two diseases more

recently identified as associated with smoking.

The detailed tables in the first report show data

for 1950-64, and those presented here show data for

1960-77. Rates for the early 1960’s are presented

again because the U.S. Bureau of the Census revised

1
the estimates of the population on which the rates in

the fkst report were based. To enable the reader to

follow the mortality trends for these causes from

1950 through 1977, data for 1950-59 are included in

the text tables.

Herein, as h“ the earlier report, data for-~ causes

combined (table 1) and for each of the specified

causes of death are analyzed by age, race, and sex

(tables 2-15). These trend data are based on information from all death certificates from the 50 States and

the District of Columbia, except for 1972. For that

year the data are based on a 50-percent sample of

these certificates. Separate trend figures are presented

for 10-year age groups for persons aged 25 years and

over. Age-adjusted rates are also included.

Rates for the total population and for each

race-sex group_were adjusted separately by using the

same standard population.

Because most of the earlier studies reviewed by

the Surgeon General’s Advisory Cornrnittee referred

to men, all of the statistics in this and the previous

report are shown separately for men. Because the

Committee concluded that the limited data on

women pointed in the same direction as that for men,

data for women were also shown in the first report

for a number of the major causes of death associated

with smoking. Evidence from major prospective

studies accumulated in the ensuing years confined

that death rates for a number of diseases–including

Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus, and lung;

Ischemic heart disease; and Emphysema–as well as

overall mortality are significantly greater among

women who smoke than among those who do not

smoke.AJ In the present report data are shown

separately for each of the four race-sex groups for the

entire list of 14 causes of death associated with

smoking.

Because of the unavailability of separate longterm age-sex-cause specific death rates for the black

population and for other minority races (Chinese,

Japanese, American Indians, and other races), most of

the data are only for the male and female groups of

the two populations white and “all other.” The black

population made up 92.1 percent of the “all other”

population for 1960 (18,871 ,831 out of 20,491 ,443)

and 86.7 percent for 1977 (an estimated 25,112,000

out of 28,967,000). The death rates for the “all

other” population can, in general, be considered as

minimal estimates of the actual rates for the black

population. Examination of the 1977 death rates for

the important diseases associated with smoking shows

that the rates for the black population were higher

for these causes than the corresponding rates for the

other races included in the “all other” population

(table A).

During 1950-77, the total period covered by this *

and the earlier report on mortality associated with

smoking, causes of death were classified according to

three revisions of the International Classification of

Diseases (ICD). These revisions are made about every

10 years to reflect progress in medical knowledge.

The revision used in the United States beginning with

data year 1968 is the Eighth Revision International

Classification of Diseases, Adapted for Use in the

United States, 1965 (ICDA).G

The years that these three revisions were in use

during the period covered by these two reports on

mortality associated with smoking were as follows:

Eighth Revision, 1968-77; Seventh Revision,

1958-67; and Sixth Revision, 1950-57.

Table A. Age-adjusted death rates for specif ied causes linked with smoking, for all races other than white and for the black race:

United States, 1977

[Numbers after ceuses of death are category numbers of the Eighth Revision International Classification of Diseases, Adapted for Use in the United

-1965 ( ICDA). The asterisk before category number 519.3 indicates that the title to which this number corresponds was not included in

ICDA but was introduced by the National Centar for Health Statistics. For method of age-adjustment, saa appendix II

All races

Cause of death other Black race

than white

Rate per 100,000

population

Malignant neoplasm of lip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...140 0.0 0.0

Malignant naoplasm of buccal cavity and pharynx, excluding lip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...141-149 4.5 4.9

Malignant neoplasm of esophagus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...150 7.1 7.9

Malignant neoplasm of larynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...161 1.9 2,1

Malignant neoplasm oftrachea, bronchus, and lung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...162 38.4 41.5

Malignant neoplasm of bladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...188 2.7 3,0

Ischemic heart disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410-413 194.2 209.2

Chronic and unqualified bronchitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...490. 491 0.9 0.9

Emphysema and Chronic obstructive lung disease without mantion of asthma, bronchitis, or

emphysema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .492.*519.3 8.1 8.5

Papticulcer . .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...531-533 2.0 2,1

Cirrhosis of liver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...571 22.5 23.6

Malignant neoplasm of pancreas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..I57 8.3 8.9

Malignant neoplasm of kidney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...189.0-189.2 2.0 2.1

2
Introduction of the Seventh Revision for data

year 1958 resulted in discontinuity of mortality

statistics for some of the causes shown in this report.

For the most part, however, these breaks were not so

large as those resulting from the introduction of the

Eighth Revision. The important breaks in continuity

resulting from changes in revisions are described in

the sections for the causes for which the mortality

trend was disrupted.

To avoid the impact of serious discontinuities,

changes in acceleration or deceleration for the appreciably affected death rates were computed separately

for the three periods (1950-57, 1958-67, and

1968-77) for which the Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth

Revisions were used. For causes with only negligible

breaks in comparability of mortality statistics, especially those with low frequencies, percent changes in

death rates and other measures are presented for the

entire 28-year period 1950-77.

Unless otherwise stated all titles of cause of death

in this report are those of the Eighth Revision of the

ICD that was adapted for use in the United States

(ICDA).

A summary of the principal findings in this study

is followed by detailed findings for each of the 14

causes of death related to smoking. Changes in

smoking patterns are discussed in appendix III.

3
Summary

In successive reports on smoking and health

issued by the Surgeon General, 14 diseases were

identified for which mortality was considered to be

related to smoking. This report examines trends for

these 14 groups for 1950-77 and updates an earlier

National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reportz

that showed trends for 12 of these cause groups for

1950-64.

The eight diseases considered to be causally

related to smoking (particularly cigarette smoking)

are (1) Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus, ~d

lung (ICDA No. 162); (2) Malignant neoplasm of

larynx (ICDA No. 161); (3) Malignant neoplasm of

lip (ICDA No. 140); (4) Chronic and unqualified

bronchitis (ICDA Nos. 490, 491); (5) Ischemic heart

disease (ICDA Nos. 410-413); (6) Emphysema and

Chronic obstructive lung disease without mention of

asthma, bronchitis, or emphysema (ICDA No. 492

and NCHS No. *519.3a); (7) Malignant neoplasm of

esophagus (ICDA No. 150); and (8) Malignant neoplasm of buccal cavity and pharynx, excluding lip

(ICDA Nos. 141-149). Between 1950 and 1977 the

trend of the age-adjusted death rate was upward for

the first of these causes, relatively stable for the

second and third, downward for the fourth and fifth

groups of causes, and upward for the remaining three

groups.

. The rate of increase in mortality for Malignant

neoplasm of trachea, bronchus, and lung diminished during the 1950-77 period. The average

annual rates of increase for the age-adjusted rates

for this group of causes declined from 5.2 percent

for 1950-57; to 4.0 percent for 1958-67; to 3.1

percent for 1968-77. This slowing in the rate of

increase reflects the experience of the male

population. For some of the younger age groups

of the male population there has been an actual

aThe asteriakindicatea that thw title waa not included io ICDA, but waa

introduced by NCHS.

decline in mortality from this cause. In contrast,

for females the rate of increase accelerated during

this period.

There was a negligible increase between 1950 and

1977 in the age-adjusted death rate for Malignant

neoplasm of larynx.

For Malignant neoplasm of lip, which rarely

causes death, there was little fluctuation in the

age-adjusted death rate between 1950 and 1977.

Bronchitis is one of those chronic diseases that is

not often fatal alone, but when combined with

another serious disease increases the risk of death.

For Chronic and unqualified bronchitis the ageadjusted rate declined during 1968-77, after

having increased during 1950-67.

The upward trend for Ischemic heart disease was

reversed during 1963-64 of the 28 years studied.

The average annual percent decrease between

1973 and 1977 (4.1 percent) was more than twice

that between 1968 and 1972 (1.9 percent).

The age-adjusted death rate for Emphysema and

Chronic obstructive lung disease rose almost

without interruption during 1950-77, but at a

decelerating rate.

The age-adjusted death rate for Malignant neoplasm of esophagus rose from 2.3 to 2,6 per

100,000 population.

Between 1950 and 1967, the age-adjusted death

rate for Malignant neoplasm of buccal cavity and

pharynx, excluding lip, remained quite stable,

with a rate of 2.8 per 100,000 for 1950 and

1967; but between 1968 and 1977, it increased

from 2.9 to 3.1 per 100,000 population.

The six causes or groups of causes considered to

be statistically related to smoking are (1) Cirrhosis of

liver (ICDA No. 571); (2) Peptic ulcer (ICDA Nos.

531-533); (3) Malignant neoplasm of bladder (ICDA

No. 188); (4) Five specified noncoronary cardiovas4
cular diseases, for which the category numbers

according to the Eighth Revision are (202, 404),

(424, 428), (420-423, 425-427, 429), (440), and

(441-448, 450-458); (5) Malignant neoplasm of pancreas (ICDA No. 157); and (6) Malignant neoplasm of

kidney (ICDA Nos. 189.0-189.2). The age-adjusted

death rate decreased for the first four of these six

causes for at least the later years if not for the entire

period 1950-77.

The age-adjusted death rate for Cirrhosis of liver

peaked in 1973 and then declined each succeeding year.

The age-adjusted death rate for Peptic ulcer, a

disease causing relatively low mortality, increased

slightly between 1950 and 1957 and then began

to decline at an accelerated rate. It fell a little

over 25 percent between 1958 and 1967 and a

little over 50 percent between 1968 and 1977.

The age-adjusted death rate for Malignant neoplasm of bladder declined 21.6 percent between

1950 and 1977.

● The age-adjusted death rate for four of the five

specified noncoronary cardiovascular diseases decreased between 1968 and 1977. The exception

was AU other forms of heart disease (ICDA Nos.

420-423, 425-427, 429). Part of the increase in

this cause is attributable to the aging of the

population; the unadjusted and age-adjusted rates

increased, respectively, 74 and 54 percent.

The age-adjusted rates for the remaining two

groups of causes statistically related to smoking

showed slightly different trends.

. The age-adjusted death rate for Malignant neoplasm of pancreas rose between 1950 and 1968,

from 5.3 per 100,000 to a record high of 6.8 and,

between 1969 and 1977, remained quite stable at

about 6.7.

. The age-adjusted death rate for Malignant neoplasm of kidney increased slowly between 1950

and 1977, from 2.2 to 2.6 per 100,000.

5
Mortality from diseases related

to smoking

Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus, and lung

Total mortality. –The number of deaths from

Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus, and lung

(ICDA No. 162) totaled 1,362,184 for 1950-77–with

194,694 deaths for 1950-57, 427,117 deaths for

1958-67, and 740,373 deaths for 1968-77.

The percent increase between 1950 and 1957 in

the total death rate for this cause was 48.4–with the

death rate rising during this 8-year period from 12.2

to 18.1 per 100,000 (pp. 31-332). This percent

increase remained the same for the next 10-year

period (1958-67), with the death rate rising from

18.6 to 27.6 per 100,000 (pp. 31-332 and table 2).

For the following 10-year period (1968-77), however,

the percent increase declined to 40.3, with the death

rate rising from 29.8 to 41.8 per 100,000. For these

same periods the average annual percent increase

declined from 5.8 for 1950-57 to 4.5 for 1958-67 and

to 3.8 for 1968-77.

No substantial part of these increases may be

attributed to the variation in the age composition of

the population. For age-adjusted death rates the corresponding percent increases were 42.3 for 1950-57–

with the age-adjusted death rate rising from 11.1 to

15.8 per 100,000; 42.3 for 1958-67–with the rate

rising from 16.3 to 23.2 per 100,000; and 31.3 for

1968-77–with the rate rising from 24.9 to 32.7 per

100,000 (pp. 31-332 and tables B and 2).

The aveiage annual percent increase for ageadjusted death rates declined from 5.2 for 1950-57 to

4.0 for 1958-67 and to 3.1 for 1968-77 (table C).

Part of the out-of-line increase of 8.0 percent in the

total death rate for Malignant neoplasm of trachea,

bronchus, and lung (ICDA No. 162) between 1967

and 1968 is attributable to the introduction of the

Eighth Revision.G Changes in classification and coding procedures resulted in a comparability ratio of

1.0316 (obtained by dividing the number of deaths

assigned to this cause by the Eighth Revision by the

number assigned by the Seventh Revision).

Race and sex. –The above-stated increases for the

total population in the age-adjusted death rate for

Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus, and lung

(ICDA No. 162) for 1950-57, 1958-67, and 1968-77

reflect increases in the rates for each of the four

race-sex groups. The percent increases for 1958-67

and 1968-77, however, were smaller for the white

male group than for the other three race-sex groups.

The largest percent increases between 1968 and

1977 were 79.5 for the white female group and 78.3

for the all other female group.

The average annual percent increase in the ageadjusted death rate for this cause declined markedly

for both male groups over the periods 1950-57,

1958-67, and 1968-77 (from 6.1 to 4.0 to 2.1 percent

for the white male group; and from 8.7 to 6.2 to 3.6

percent for the all other male group). In contrast, the

annual percent increase escalated substantially for

both female groups over these three periods (from 1.0

to 5.5 to 6.7 percent for the white female group; and

from 3.0 to 5.1 to 6.6 percent for the all other female

group).

These disparate changes in mortality for Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus, and lung (ICDA

No. 162) are reflected in the declining mortality sex

ratiob for this cause for both the white and the all

other populations (table D).

As a result of the greater increase in the ageadjusted death rate for this cause for the all other

male group than for the white male group the

mortality race ratioc for the male population increased from 0.77 for 1950 to 1.25 for 1977. On the

other hand, as a result of the approximately equal

increases since 1957 in the age-adjusted death rate for

this cause for both female groups, the mortality race

ratio for this sey remained close to 1.00 between

1957 and 1977.

,

b~e race-specific a~e-adjusted death rate for the specified Year for the

male population divided by the corresponding race-specific death rate

for the female population.

me sex-specific age-adjusted death rate for the specified year for the

population of races other than white divided by the corresponding

sex-spetic rate for the white population.

6
Table B. Percent change in age-adjusted death rates for selected disaasas ralatad to smoking, by race and sex: United States, 1950-57, 1958-67, and

1966-77

[Numbers Siftercauses Of death are cetagory numbars of the Eighth Revision lntarnatIonal Classification of Diseases, Adapted for Use in the United

Statas, 1965 (l CDA), The astarisk bafora category numbar 519.3 indicatas that tha titla to which this numbar corresponds was not included in

= but was introduced by the National Canter for Haalth Statistics. For mathod of age-adjustment, sea appendix 11

Eighth Revision: 1968-77 Seventh Revision: 1958-67

&use of deathl

White,

All

Mite,

All

IWrite,

All All

Total other, other, Total other, White,

male female male female

other,

male female male female

Malignant naoplasm of trachaa, bronchus,

andiung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...162

Malignant naoplasm of larynx . . . . . . . ...161

Chronic andunqualifiad bronchitis . .,.490,491

ischemic haartdisaasa. . . . . . . . . . . . .410=l13

Cirrhosis of liver . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..57 I

Emphysama and Chronic obstructive lung

disaasawithout mantion of asthma,

bronchitis, or emphysama . . . . . . 492, *5I 9.3

Paptic ulcer , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...531.533

Malignant neoplasm of esophegus . . . . . ...150

Malignant neoplasm of buccai cavity and

pharynx, axcluding lip . . . . . . . . ...141-149

Malignant neoplasm of bladder . . . . . . . ...166

Maiignant neoplasm of pancraas . . . . . . ...157

Malignant naoplasm of kidney . . . . 189.0-189.2

31.3

-39.1

-23.4

3–5.8

37.0

–51 .4

8.3

6.9

–6.5

-1.5

4.0

20.7 37.7 79.5

-4.5 12.9 50.0

–47.5 –58.1 –1 6.2

-21.4 –22.5 –24.5

3–5.6 38.3 3–1 1.8

26.2 38.7 114.8

–53.6 –53.8 40.0

3.0 17.6 11.1

–6.4 22.2 7.1

–2.0 –5.0 –6.7

–3.5 1.0 4.0

5.6 -6.5 -

Percent

78.3

50.0

–50.0

–28.5

3–9. 1

86.7

-40.9

19.2

17.6

–9.1

8.2

16.7

42.3

9.1

75.0

20.7

35.4

153.1

–26.4

4,5

3.7

–5.9

9.6

4.3

42.3

-4.3

100.0

23.3

25.5

162.9

–29.4

2.0

13.2

9.4

71.4

20.8

62.5

%2.1

111.2

81.6

–14.9

26.0

43.2

10.0

14.1

20.8

62.2

50.0

2–1 .3

31.7

214.3

-13.0

8.3

-11.1

8.9

56.5

33.3

–11.1

24.5

97.3

140.0

–20.7

35.3

20.0

7.7

13.2

8.3

Sixth Revision: 1950-57

&use of deathq

.

White,

All

White,

All

Total other, other,

male female male female

Percent

Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus, and iung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...162 42.3 51.1 79.9 7.5

Malignant naoplasm of larynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...161 - .

22.9

31.3 - -

Chronic andunquaiifiad bronchitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..4g0.4gl - 14.3 14.3

Ischemic haartdiseasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...410413

–25.0 –36.4

14.0 14.2 30.0

Cirrhosis of liver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..57 I

14.4 25.8

23.5 24.1 46.9 13.8 42.4

Emphysema and Chronic obstructive lung diseasewithout mention of asthma, bronchitis,

or amphysema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492, ‘519.3 300.0 480.0 4105.9 450.0 4100.0

Peptic ulcer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...531.533 2.0 2.4 –6.3 35.3 -

Malignant neoplasm of esophagus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...150 -4.3 –6.1 20.3

Malignant neoplasm of buccalcavity andpharynx, axclutingiip . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...141-149 . .

12.5 –1 1.8

24.4 -

Malignant neoplasm of biadder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...186

–25.0

–5.4 –1 .9 7.7 –9.1

Malignant naoplasm of pancreas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..I57

3.7

13.2 17.2 52.8 7.0

Malignant naoplesm of kidney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...189.0-189.2 9.1

38.2

14.3 35.3 6.3 –8.3

lData for Malignant neoplasm of lip (iCDA No. 140) are not shown because frequencies were too smaii; and data for noncoronarY cardiovascular

diseasas(saetabie 13) are notshown bacausaofserious disruptions inmortelity statisticsasa result of changee inclassification and coding procedures

batwaan the Sixth and Seventh and batwaenthe Saventh end Eighth Revisions oftha International Classification of Diseasas.

2The ravarsal in the Iong upward trend in mortalitY from Arteriosclerotic heart diseasa, including coronery disease (ICD No. 420), tha t_tIOSt ned~

comparable cause in the Sixth end Saventh Revisions to Iachamic heert disease(lCDA Nos. 410-413) in the Eighth Revision, occurred between 1963

and j964,

3Tharaversal lnthalong upward trend in mortality from Cirrhosis of liver (l CDANo. 571) occurred in 1973.

4per~ent changafor four rac&sax grouPsis for 1954.57. Death ratasby age, race, andsaxare notavailabia for1950-53. Theiarge percentage incraasas

botwean 1950 and 1967 ara basad on vary low death rates for this cause.

7
Table C. Average annual pementchan~ ina~%djustad death ratmfor selected dseases relatad tosmoKng, byrace and sex: United States, 1950-57,

1958-67, and 1968-77

[Numbers after caus= of death are category numbers of the Eighth Revision International Classification of Diseases,Adapted for Use in the United

States, 1965 (l CDA). The asterisk before category number 519.3 indicates that the title to which this number corresponds wes not included in

ICDA but was introduced by the National Center for Health Statistics. For method of age-adjustment, saa appendix 11

Ei@th Revision: 1S%8-77 Seventh Revision: 1958-67

Causeof death’ White, All White, All White,

All White, All

Total other, other, Total other, other,

male male female female male female male female

Malignant neoplasm of trachaa, bronchus,

and lung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...162

Malignant neoplasm of larynx . . . . . . . ...161

Chronic and unqualified bronchitis . ...490.491

Ischamic heart disease . . . . . . . . . . ...410413

Cirrhosis of liver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...571

Emphysema and Chronic obstructive lung

diseasewithout mention of asthma,

bronchitis, or emphysema . . . . . . 492, *519.3

Peptic ulcer , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...531-533

Malignant neoplasm of esophagus . . . . . . . . 150

Malignant neoplasm of buccal cavity and

pharynx, axcluding lip . . . . . . . . ...141-149

Malignant neoplasm of bladder . . . . . . . ...188

Malignant neoplasm of pancreas . . . . . . . . . 157

Malignant neoplasm of kidney . . . . 189.0-189.2

3.1

–5.4

–2.9

3-0.7

3.6

–7.7

0.9

0.7

–0.7

-0.2

0.4

2.1

-0.5

–6.9

–2.6

3-0.6

2.6

–8.2

0.3

–0.7

–0.2

-0.4

0.6

3.6

1.4

-9.2

–2.8

30.9

3.7

–8.2

1.8

2.3

-0.6

0.1

–0.7

6.7

4.6

–2.2

–3.1

3-1.4

8.9

–5.5

1.2

0.8

–0.8

0.4

6.6

4.6

–7.4

–3.7

3–1 .1

7.2

–5.7

2.0

1.8

-1.1

0.9

1.7

4.0

1.0

6.4

*0.1

3.4

10.9

–3.4

0.5

0.4

–0.7

1.0

0.5

4.0

–0.5

8.0

20.4

2.6

11.3

–3.8

0.2

1.4

1.0

6.2

2.1

5.5

*1.3

8.7

6.9

-1.8

2.6

4.1

1.1

1.5

2.1

5.5

4.6

*–O.I

3.1

13.6

–1 .5

0.9

-1.3

1.0

5.1

3.2

-1.3

20.5

7.8

10.2

-2.5

3.4

2.0

0.8

1.4

0.9

Cause of death’

Sixth Revision: 1950-57

White, All Write, All

Total other, other,

male female male female

Percent

Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus, and lung , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...162 5.2 6.1 8.7 1.0 3.0

Malignant neoplasm of larynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...161 - - 4.0 - -

Chronic andunqualified bronchitis.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...490.491 - 1.9 1.9 ~.~ –6.3

Ischamic heart diseasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410413 1.9 1.9 3.8 1.9 3.3

Cirrhosis of liver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...571 3.1 3.1 5.9 1.9 5.2

Emphysama and Chronic obstructive lung diseasewithout mention of asthma, bronchitis,

oremphyserna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .492.*519.3 21.9 48.8 410.9 46.0 ‘$10.4

Peptic uicer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...531-533 0.3 0.3 –0.9 4.4 -

Malignant neoplasm ofasophagus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...150 –0.6 -0.9 2.7 1.7 -1.8

Malignant neoplasm of buccal cavity and pharynx, excluding lip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141-149 - - 3.2 - --4.0

Malignant naoplasm of bladdar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 -0.8 -0.3 1.1 -1.4 0.5

Malignant naoplasm ofpancraas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...157 1.8 2.3 6.4 1.0 4.7

Malignant neoplasm of kidney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...189.0-189.2 1.3 1.9 4.4 0.9 -1.2

lData for Malignant neoplasm of lip (ICDA NO. 140) are not shown because frequencies were too small; and data for noncoronary cardiovascular

di$eases(see tabla 13) are notshown &cause ofserious disruptions inmotiality Wati*icsasarmultof changasinclassification and coding procedures

p@waent heSixth and Saventh and batwaantha Savanth and Eighth Revisions of the International Classification of Disaasas.

~The reversal in the long upward trend in mortality from Arteriosclerotic heart disease, including coronary diseasa (ICD No. 420), the most nearly

comparable cause in the Sixth and Seventh Revisions to Ischemic haart disaase(l CDA Nos. 410-413) in the Eighth Revision, occurred between 1963

and 1964.

%he reversal In the long upward trend in mortality from Cirrhosis of liver (ICDA No. 571) occurred in 1973.

4percent chan9efor four rac~exgroups is for 1954-67. Dmthrat~by age, rece, andsexare notavailable for1950-53. Thelarge percentaEeincraaS=

betwaen 1960 and 1957 ere besad on very low daath ratas for this causa.

8
Table D. Mortali~sex ratios byr*eand motiali~race ratios bysexfor salactad causasofdaath: United States, spacifiad years

during 1950-77

[Numbers after causesof death are category numbers of the Eighth Revision International Classification of Diseases,Adaptad for Ueein the United

-1965 (lCDA). The years 1958 and 1968 were the first years, raepectivaly, in which the Saventh end Eighth Revisions ware inusa in the

United States. For1950and 1957 tha Sixth Revision wasin usa]

Mortality sex Mortality race

ratio by race ratio by sex

Cause of death and year

Whitel All Male2 Female2

otherl

1977

1968

1967

1958

1957

1950

1977

1868

1967

1958

1957

1950

1977

1868

1967

1956

1967

1950

1977

1968

1967

1950

Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus, and lung (162)

.,. !,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Peptic uIcer (531 -533)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

,. .,..,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

., .,.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

., ..,... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

,., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplasm of esophagus (1 50)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.m...m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,, ,,,,. ,,, ,,,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...,.0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

,. .,.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplasm of buccal cavity and pharynx, excluding lip (141-149)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

,. .,.... ,., ,,.,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.

... ,..., ,, .,.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.60

5.35

5.71

6.51

6.60

4.70

2.17

2.80

3.06

3.70

3.65

4.82

3.40

3.67

4.13

4.13

3.44

4.13

2.93

3.36

3.38

4.09

4.54

5.88

6.33

5.78

6.02

4.11

2.31

2.95

2.74

2.55

3.41

3.64

3.87

3.92

4.22

4.53

5.13

3.76

3.85

3.71

3.50

2.56

1.25

1.10

1.09

0.91

0.91

0.77

1.15

1.16

1.05

0.87

0.89

0.98

3.53

3.09

2.94

2.33

2.46

1.94

1.75

1.34

1.43

0.91

0.99

1.00

0.88

1.02

k:

1.08

1.10

1.15

1.26

0.88

1.29

3.10

2.89

2.88

2.13

1.67

2.13

1.33

1.21

1.36

1.45

lThe ram-specific age-adjusted death rate forthespacified yaarfor thamale population dividad bythecorresponding race+pacific daatirate for the

~msde population.

The sex-specific age-adjusted death rete for tha spacified yeerfor the population of recasotharthen whitadivided bythecorresponding sax-spacific

rateforthewhite population.

Age, race, andsex.–No decline occurred in the

risk of dying from Malignant neoplasm of trachea,

bronchus, and lung (ICDA No. 162) with advancein

age. For white men within each cohort (a group of

white men born during the same 5-year period), the

death rate forthis cause increased totheend of the

Iifespan (figure 1). Thus the death rate forthe cohort

of white men born during 1903-07 increased from

10.7 per 100,000 for 1947, when they were 40-44

years of age, to436.3 per 100,000 for 1977, when

they were 70-74 years ofage (table E). Similarly, for

each of the other 11 cohorts of white men born in

the 5-year intervals between 1883-87 and 1938-42,

mortality from this cause increased throughout that

part of the lifespan lived by the cohort during

1947-77.

Two other important findings from anexamination of mortality data for this cause by individual

cohorts were (1) each cohort of white men born

between 1883-87 and 1928-32 usually had higher

age-specific death rates (5-year age groups) for that

part of the lifespan lived by the cohort between

1947-77 than had its predecessors; and (2) each

cohort of white men born after 1928-32 usually had

lower age-specific death rates for this cause than had

its predecessors. This decline in the death rate at

younger ages for white men during recent years is also

shown by the trends forage-specific rates for 10-year

age groups.

The pattern of mortality from Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus, and lung (ICDA No. 162)

for all other men was the same as that for white men

for the following: (1) within each cohort the death

rate for this cause increased unabated to the end of

that part of the lifespan lived by the cohort during

1947-77; (2) each cohort born between 1883-87 and

9
1,Ooo.(

!300.(

81XJ.I

7tlo.(

61XI.(

500.(

400.(

300.[

200.(

lW)S

90.C

80.C

70.C

60.c

50.0

40.0

30,C

20.0

10.0

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

::

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

WHITE MEN

75.78

80.84

,,,,s ,.~’::.:::

/

/“ .*”” 65.69 ●R” .*”””

,/ ..””” //~” ‘ears

●I ..*”” /

60%4

f

,/ ...””” /

years

““””””/’

,/

55.59

,* ● --- years

,**

#

+’+’’4’;/

50-54

years

4’

/ /

—.4549

years

//

/

/’

/’”

/

...”””““’”””....4044

....

....

years

. . .

. .

#

. . . .

.,.

. . ...”

r

35.39

yeara

,x ---,

** ● 8

\

t’ 8

8

.---,) ,. s,#

30.34

years

J I I I I I I I I I I I

1.000.0

80U.O

800.0

700.0

603.0

500.0

400.0

300.0

2CUJ.O

lCQ.O

90.0

60.0

70.0

60.0

50.0

40.0

30.9

20.0

10.0

8.0

B.O

7.0

6.o

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0,5

0,4

WHITEWOMEN

75.78 ~o.74

BO-84 Years years 6569

years

;/

i ●“”

/’ .s””

.,Year>~

/“4

/“ ~.Y

/’- .*””’-I

/

55.59

/“ $2 ,4 years

.:. / e“

.“.. /

60.54

. .... ...”....... \ ;: /7’=’s

—/

//

/

44 #4549

t’ ,/ years

4’

4’

)4

‘. ,* /’

-., , ●

/

40.44

years

4 // ““....”””.

,/ .....”..””t”

‘../ / ..”.

/

..*.

/

/ 36-39

..*+ years

●..

...

....”

.. . ..

k

--- *6 30-34 *4 years

,“=J

, f’

iuJiMJJ

Figural. Death ra@sfor Malignant neoplasm oftrachaa, browhus, andlung, forwhite menandwhite woman, by bitihcohort andage

atdaath: United States, 5-year intewals during 1947-77

10
Table E. Death rates for Malignant neoplasm oftrwhaa, bronchus, andlu~, by Mtihcohoti, r-, wx, and~at&ath: United Statas,

5-yaar intawals during 1947-77

[For 1972 and 1977 rates ara basad on deaths assigned to cetagory number 162 of the Eighth Revision International Classification of Diseases,

Adaptad for Use in the United States, 1965 (lCDA); for 1962 and 1967,0n deaths assigned to category numbers 162 end 1630fthe Swenth

Rwlslon, 1955; for 1962 and 1957, on deaths assigned to category number 1620f the Sixth Revision; and for 1947,0n daaths assigned to

category numbers 47b, c, and d of the Fifth Rwision, 1938]

Birth cohort

Race, sex, and age

at death 1943- 1938- 1933- 1928- 1923- 191B- 1913- 190B- 1903- 1898- 1893- 1888- lBB3-

1947 1942 1937 1932 1927 1922 1917 1912 1907 1902 1887 1882 1887

Whita man

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . . . .

4549years . . . . . . . . . . .

50-54 years . . . . . . . . . . .

65.59 yaars . . . . . . . . . . .

60.64 yaars . . . . . . . . . . .

65-69 years . . . . . . . . . . .

78-74 years . . . . . . . . . . .

75-79 years . . . . . . . . . . .

80-84 years . . . . . . . . . . .

All othar man

30-34 years . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 yaers . . . . . . . . . . .

4044years . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 yaars . . . . . . . . . . .

50-54 years . . . . . . . . . . .

55-59 years’ . . . . . . . . . . .

6@64years . . . . . . . . . . .

66-69 yaars . . . . . . . . . . .

70-74 yaars . . . . . . . . . . .

75-79 years . . . . . . . . . . .

80-84 years . . . . . . . . . . .

White women

30-34 yaars . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 ytsars . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 years . . . . . . . . . . .

50-54 yaars . . . . . . . . . . .

55-!i9years . . . . . . . . . . .

60.64 years . . . . . . . . . . .

65-69 yaars . . . . . . . . . . .

70.74 years . . . . . . . . . . .

75-79 years . . . . . . . . . . .

80-84 years . . . . . . . . . . .

Al I other woman

30.34 years . . . . . . . . . . .

35-39 years . . . . . . . . . . .

40-44 years . . . . . . . . . . .

45-49 years . . . . . . . . . . .

50-54 years . . . . . . . . . . .

55-59 years . . . . . . . . . . .

60-64 years . . . . . . . . . . .

65439 years . . . . . . . . . . .

70-74 yaars . . . . . . . . . . .

75-79 years . . . . . . . . . . .

80-84 yaars . . . . . . . . . . .

1.5 1.4

6.4

3.1 3.9

10.1

0.9 1.0

3.6

1,2 0.9

5.0

2.2

7.3

18.0

4.0

12.4

37.1

0.8

3.8

10.6

1.1

2.9

15.0

2.1

7.4

20.5

47.1

4.5

13.3

38.5

85.1

0.6

2.5

9.3

21.9

0.9

4.5

14.2

24.8

1.9

6.1

18.0

47.8

92.9

1.4

9.8

37.8

85.0

162.0

0.7

2.2

6.6

17.4

37.0

1.9

3.2

7.8

17.9

44.0

Rate per 100,000 population

1.4

4.7

15.7

39.2

85.8

152.3

2.6

5.0

27.4

69.5

131.5

248.2

0.6

1.7

4.7

13.7

31.3

53.3

0.8

1.4

6.4

13.5

33.8

55.3

1.5

4.1

13.4

35.4

79.4

153.7

252.0

2.6

6.2

16.7

51.4

119.3

226.7

334.7

0.5

1.4

3.5

8.6

18.9

42.7

73.6

0.7

2.4

4.7

9.8

18.8

31.2

66.5

3.4

11.7

29.7

71.7

131.8

235.0

342.9

5.0

17.2

43.7

83.7

160.9

270.8

352.5

1.6

2.6

5.6

12.2

24.4

46.1

77.1

H

5.9

14.2

23.3

42,3

60.2

10.7

25.3

62.4

120.8

210.0

320.6

436.3

11.7

32.6

72.1

116.5

224.4

388.9

453.4

2.1

4.9

9.0

15.4

27.9

51.9

78.9

3.9

5.8

12.6

18.1

27.8

41.0

76.5

20.0

50.3

107.1

182.6

279.9

385.3

500.1

21.3

47.9

102.5

173.0

226.3

349.3

450.4

5.5

7.6

11.9

21.2

31.8

55.9

82.5

6.4

9.7

11.3

27.4

35.1

54.8

78.1

41.9

85.1

152.9

230.6

302.0

404.7

435.1

33.4

81.0

147.3

184.5

251.8

316.7

302.2

8.1

11.0

16.1

24.6

37.4

54.4

76.2

63.6

113.1

181.0

227.7

304.4

338.7

42.3

80.6

125.2

180.1

234.8

254.5

13.0

17.4

21.3

2s.2

40.3

60.2

9.4

15.8 7.9

19.2 10.5

23.5 21.8

28.3 12.5

57.3 27.9

43.6 46.0

81.5

125.2

172.7

207.0

245.5

47.3

74.7

128.9

147.2

160.6

15.2

21.0

28.2

36.3

45.9

13.0

19.8

24.5

21.7

47.6

NOTE: The first figure ineech row moving from right to left is the death rata for 1947; the~cond figure, for1952; thethird figure, for1957; tie

fourth figure, for 1962; the fifth figure, for 1967; the sixth figure, for 1972; end tha seventh figura, for 1977.

11
ALL OTHER ME,N ALL OTHER WOMEN

1,Wo.o

WJ.o

800.0

700.0

600.0

5W).O

400.0

3mo

200.0

100.0

90.0

80.0

70.0

60.0

50.0

40.0

30,0

20.0

io.o

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

z

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

75.79

y$ 70-74

. -----

,.

..-

.. 65.69

.l*W ..*”””” Hy=m 60.84

/

Y,*””” /’

wars

...””’ ./ ,.-O=

f

80%4

years .

/d

1“..””” # / .’

i..”””

/

:’”-/’ ,flt” /

/

,#

/ “ /

45.49

,+~ /— wars

#t

/

/

e’

4’ /’

t’ /

/ ,/ ..-----~

#

/

/“

/

●..

...

..”

..”

i-- ----*

: .

.

.

:

30.3’

---, t’

8

years

t

1,000.0 —

900.0

8W.O

700.0

600.0

500.0

4UJ.O

m.o

Z@)+o

Iwo

90.0

80.0

70.0

60.0 —

50.0

40.0

30.0

20.0

10.0 —

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0 —

6.0 —

4.0 —

3.0

2.0 —

1.0 —

0.9 —

0.8 —

0.7 —

0.6

0.5

75-79

Yys

70.74

years

65.69 60.64

1’ .“”” V,,,,

,/” ...*.””

60.84

years

4/

~

:.

4

t’

/

..

..”” 35.39

...

N

years

●.”

.. ...” %.

... ....

%.●..

.

Figure2. Dmthramsfor Malignant nmplasm ofkhea, bromhus, andlung, fmallotier menandall other women, MMtih cohort

andage at death: United States,5-year intervals during 1947-77

12
1928-32 generally had higher age-specific death rates

than had its predecessors; and (3) each cohort born

after 1928-32 usually had lower age-specific death

rates for this cause than had its predecessors.

The level of mortality from this cause for all

other men, however, was generally higher than the

level for white men (figures 1 and 2). More specifically, the age-specific death rates for cohorts of all

other men who were born after 1898-1902 were, with

few exceptions, substantially higher than the corresponding age-specific rates for this cause for white

men.

Increasingly higher age-specific rates for all other

men are also shown for 10-year. age groups. For

example, for men at ages 45-54 years, the mortality

race ratiod for this cause increased from 0.97 to 1.27

between 1950 and 1957, from 1.25 to 1.59 between

1958 and 1967, and from 1.67 to 1.74 between 1968

and 1977.

The mortality experience of the 12 individual

cohorts of white women who were born at 5-year

intervals between 1883-87 and 1938-42 showed, as

did the experience for white and all other men, that

the death rate for Malignant neoplasm of trachea,

bronchus, and lung (ICDA No. 162) increased with

advance in age to the end of the lifespan lived by the

cohorts during 1947-77.

On the other hand, cohorts of white women born

between 1928-32 and 1938-42, contrary to the

pattern for white men, generally continued to have

higher age-specific death rates for this cause than had

their predecessors. For example, for white women the

death rate for the age group 40-44 years increased

from 2.1 per 100,000 for 1947, to 6.6 for 1967, to

9.3 for 1972, and to 10.6 for 1977; whereas for white

men the death rate for this age group increased from

10.7 per 100,000 for 1947 to 18.0 for 1967, to 20.5

for 1972, and then dropped to 18.0 per 100,000 for

1977.

This continued increase in mortality from this

cause for white women during recent years is also

shown in trends for age-specific rates for 10-year age

groups. Their death rate at ages 35-44 years, for

example, increased between 1970 and 1977 from 5.8

to 6.9 per 100,000; whereas for white men at these

ages the death rate decreased during these years from

14.7 to 11.9 per 100,000.

The levels of age-specific death rates are still

much lower for white women than for white men,

but as a result of larger increases in the death rate for

women than for men, these gaps are narrowing. For

example, for the white population at ages 35-44

years, the mortality sex ratio’ for this cause de-

‘l’he age-specific death rate for the spetiled “year for all other men

divided by the corresponding age-speoific death rate for white men.

‘The age-specific death rate for the specified year for white men

divided by the corresponding age-specific death rate for wJdte women.

creased from 3.74 to 3.56 between 1950 and 1957,

from 3.21 to 2.80 between 1958 and 1967, and from

2.51 to 1.72 between 1968 and 1977.

Cohort analysis for all other women showed a

pattern similar to that for white women as follows:

(1) within each cohort the death rate for this cause

increased to the end of that part of the lifespan lived

by the cohort during 1947-77; and (2) cohorts of all

other women born after 1923-27, contrary to the

pattern for all other men, generally continued to have

higher age-specific death rates for this cause than had

their predecessors.

This continued increase in mortality from this

cause for all other women is also shown in trends for

age-specific rates for 10-year age groups. Between

1950 and 1967 all other women in the age groups

55-64, 65-74, 75-84, and 85 years and over had larger

increases in the death rate for this cause than had

white women at these ages; whereas between 1968

and 1977 white women at these ages had larger

increases than had all other women. Conversely

between 1950 and 1967 white women in the younger

age groups 25-34 and 45-54 years had larger increases

in this rate than had all other women; and between

1968 and 1977, all other women at these ages had

larger increases than had white women. For the

remaining age group 35-44 years, the increase in the

rate for all other women was larger than that for

white women between both 1950 and 1967 and 1968

and 1977.

Malignant neoplasm of larynx

Total mortality. –No appreciable breaks occurred

in the continuity of mortality statistics for Malignant

neoplasm of larynx (ICDA No. 161) resulting from

the introduction of new revisions of the International

Classification of Diseases between 1950 and 1977

(table F).

Malignant neoplasm of larynx (ICDA No. 161) as

a cause of death had a much lower frequency than

Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus, and lung

(ICDA No. 162). The rise in the number of deaths

from this cause (from 1,852 for 1950 to 3,390 for

1977) corresponded to an increase in the unadjusted

death rate from 1.2 to 1.6 per 100,000; and in the

age-adjusted death rate, from 1.1 to 1.2 per 100,000

(p. 72 and tables F and 3).

Race and sex.–For the white male group the

unadjusted death rate for Malignant neoplasm of

larynx’ (ICDA No. 161) increased from 2.3 per

100,000 for 1950 to 2.7 for 1977; and the a.geadjusted death rate, from 2.0 to 2.1 per 100,000. For

the all other male group much larger increases

occurred between 1950 and 1977 than for the white

male group for both the unadjusted death rate (from

1.4 to 3.0 per 100,000) and the age-adjusted death

rate’ (from 1.6 to 3.5 per 100,000). Between 1950

13
Table F. Age-adjusted death rates for selected causesof death, by race and sex: United States, swcified yeara during 1950-77

[Numbers after ceusasof deeth are cetegory numbers of the Eirjhth Revision International Clessificetion of Diseases,Adapted for Uaa in the United

States, 1965 (l CDA). The years 1958 end 1968 were the first yeers, respectively, in which the Seventh and Eighth Revisions were in use in the

=d States. For 1950 and 1957 the Sixth Revision was in use]

White All other

CWseof deathandyear Total

Male Female Male Female

Malignant neoplasm of larynx (161)

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1868 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1867 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1958 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chronic and unqualified bronchitis (490, 491 )

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1967 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1958 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplasm of esophagus (1 50)

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .

1867 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1958 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malignant neoplasm of bladder (166)

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1968 . . . . . . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1867 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1958 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.4

2.3

2.1

1.2

1.1

1.1

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.3

2,9

3.1

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.7

Rateper100,0OO population

2.1

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.0

2.0

2.1

4.0

3.6

1.8

1.6

1.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.1

3.3

5.0

5.1

5.2

5.1

5.2

5,3

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.9

1.1

0.9

0.6

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.8

0.9

0.8

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

3.5

3.1

2.9

2.4

2.1

1.6

1.3

3.1

2.6

1.6

1.6

1.4

12.0

10.2

9.7

7.7

7.7

6.4

3.8

4.0

4.4

4.0

4.2

3.9

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.3

0,3

0,5

1.0 ‘

0.8

0.9

0.7

1.1

3.1

2.6

2.3

1.7

1.5

1.7

2.0

2.2

2.8

2.6

2.8

2,7

and 1977 the unadjusted and age-adjusted rates for

the white female group increased, respectively, from

0.2 to 0.5 per 100,000, and from 0.2 to 0.3 per

100,000. These two rates remained much lower

between 1950and 1977 than the correspondingrates

for the white male group. The age-adjusted death rate

for the all other female group increased from 0.3to

0.6per100,000 beYween 1950 and 1977.

xige, nzce, andsex. –Forwhite menthe deathrate

for Malignant neoplasm of larynx (ICDA No. 161)

was higher for 1977 than for 1950 for every 10-year

age group in the span 55-64 through 75-84years and

for the age group 85 years and over. For all other

men the death rate for this cause was higher for1977

than for 1950 for every 10-yearagegroup in thespan

35-44 through 75-84 years and for the age group 85

years and over.

Although their rates were much lower than those

for all other men, both white women and another

women also had higherratesinl 977thanin 195Ofor

the age groups 45-54, 55-64, and 65-74 years. In

14

addition all other women had somewhat higher rates

for 1977 forthe age group 35-44 years.

Malignantneoplasm oflip

Total mortality. –No appreciable breaks were

found in comparability of mortality statistics for

Malignant neoplasm of lip (ICDA No. 140) as a result

of the introduction of the Seventh or Eighth Revisions of the ICD. The death rate for this cause

decreased between 1950 and 1958 (from 0.3to 0.1

per 100,000); but between 1958 and 1977 the rate

remained at the 1958 level (p. 82). The age-adjusted

deathrate declined from 0.2 for195 Oto O.lfor 1958

and to 0.0 for 1977 (table 4). The total numberof

deaths declined from 463 for 1950 t0227 for 1958

to184for 1968, and to163for 1977.

Race and sex.–Between 1950 and 1977 the

unadjusted and age-adjusted death rates for this cause

for the white male group dropped, respectively, from

0.7 to 0.1 and from 0,5 to 0.1 per 100,000
population. For the other three race-sex groups the

death rate for this cause appears to be approaching

zero. For 1977 while white men had 137 deaths from

this cause, white women had only 20 deaths. For the

all other population, the number of deaths for men

was only 5, and that for women only 1.

Age, race, and sex. -For white men the death rate

for Malignant neoplasm of lip (ICDA No. 140) was

higher for each succeeding age group during 1950-77.

For 1977 their rate rose from 0.1 per 100,000 at ages

45-54 years to 3.9 at ages 85 years and over.

Because of the low frequencies of this cause of

death the trend by age is not so clear for the other

three race-sex groups as it is for white men; but

generally the rates for these three race-sex groups

were higher for each succeeding age group for each

year of 1950-77.

Chronic and unqualified bronchitis

As was cautioned in the earlier report on mortality from diseases associated with smoking, mortality

figures should not be used to estimate the incidence

of bronchitis in either the deceased or the general

population. On the death certificate the certifying

physician often reports this cause in Part II of the

medical certification under “Other significant conditions contributing to death but not related to the

terminal disease condition given in Part Ia.”

Disruptions were found in comparability of mortality statistics for Chronic and unqualified bronchitis

(ICDA Nos. 490, 491) as a result of the revisions of

the International Classification of Diseases. The comparabilityy ratio between the Sixth and Seventh

Revisions was 1.07; and that between the Seventh

and Eighth Revisions, 1.06 (pp. 45-487 ). The number

of deaths attributed to this cause increased from

1,953 to 2,379 between 1950 and 1957; increased

from 2,621 to 5,306 between 1958 and 1967; and

decreased from 6,205 to 4,313 between 1968 and

1977.

Total mortality. –The unadjusted death rate for

Chronic and unqualified bronchitis (ICDA Nos. 490,

491 ) increased from 1.3 to 1,4 per 100,000 between

1950 and 1957, increased from 1.5 to 2.7 per

100,000 between 1958 and 1967, and then decreased

from 3.1 to 2.0 per 100,000 between 1968 and 1977

(p. 362 and table 5). The age-adjusted death rate was

1.1 per 100,000 for both 1950 and 1957, then

increased from 1.2 to 2.1 between 1958 and 1967,

and decreased from 2.3 to 1.4 between 1968 and

1977.

Race and sex. –Death rates for Chronic and

unqualified bronchitis (ICDA Nos. 490, 491) for the

white male group were higher throughout 1950-77

than the rates for the other three race-sex groups. The

1977 age-adjusted death rate for the white male

group (2. 1 per 100,000) was 2.3 times the corresponding rate for the white female group (0.9 per

100,000), 1.6 times the corresponding rate for the all

other male group (1.3 per 100,000), and 4.2 times

the corresponding rate for the all other female group

(0.5 per 100,000).

For the male groups of both the white and the all

other populations the age-adjusted death rate for this

cause increased between 1950 and 1957 and 1958

and 1967, and decreased between 1968 and 1977.

The patterns for the female groups of both the white

and the all other populations were less regular than

those for their male counterparts. For these two

woups also, however, the age-adjusted death rates

clearly decreased between 1968 and 1977.

Age, race, and sex. –The decline in the unadjusted

and age-adjusted death rates for Chronic and

unqualified bronchitis (ICDA Nos. 490, 491) for the

total population between 1968 and 1977 reflected

decreases in the age-specific rates for every 10-year

age group from 35-44 to 75-84 years and for the age

group 85 years and over (table 5). Similarly the

decline for each of the four race-sex groups generally

reflected decreases in the age-specific rate for the

10-year age groups from 35-44 through 75-84 years

and for the age group 85 years and over. For each

year of 1950-77 (with few exceptions) the death rate

for this cause was higher for each successive age

group. This increase for successive age groups of the

total population generally reflected increases for

successive age groups of each of the four race-sex

groups.

Ischemic heart disease

Total mortality. –A significant phenomenon in

-the history of public health of the United States in

recent decades was the reversal in 1963-64 of the

long-term upward trend in mortality from Ischemic

heart disease (ICDA Nos. 410-413) (pp. 7-108).

Obscuring the trend for this cause was the break in

continuity of mortality statistics resulting from the

introduction of the Eighth Revision. About 15

percent more deaths were assigned to Ischemic heart

disease (ICDA Nos. 410-413) by this revision than

had been assigned to the most nearly comparable title

in the Seventh Revision-Arteriosclerotic heart disease, including coronary disease (ICDA No. 420). The

comparability ratio between these two titles was

1.1457 (pp. 11-147 ). The reversal was also obscured

by the marked fluctuations in the rate with the

presence or absence of influenza outbreaks and their

degree of severity. During 1950-67 the age-adjusted

death rate for Arteriosclerotic heart disease, including

coronary disease (ICDA No. 420) rose from 185.2 per

100,000 for 1950 to 220.3 per 100,000 for 1963–a

year with a severe epidemic of influenza (pp. 36-392

and table 6). The death rate then decreased to 215.4

per 100,000 for 1964-a year relatively free from

influenza. Thereafter the rate, after fluctuating some15
what with the limited outbreaks of influenza during

1965-66, decreased to 211.8 per 100,000 for 1967.

Between 1968 and 1977, when, as mentioned above,

about 15 percent more deaths were assigned to

Ischemic heart disease (ICDA Nos. 410-413) than had

been assigned to the most nearly comparable cause

according to the Seventh Revision, the age-adjusted

death rate fell 23.4 percent–from 241.6 to 185.0 per

100,000.

Between 1968 and 1977, the number of deaths

from Ischemic heart disease (ICDA Nos. 410-413),

hereinafter denoted by IHD, decreased from 674,747

to 642,270. The unadjusted death rate decreased 12.8

percent (from 338.4 to 295.1 per 100,000); and the

age-adjusted death rate, 23.4 percent (from 241.6 to

185.0 per 100,000) (table 6). The average annual

percent decrease in the age-adjusted death rate

between 1973 and 1977 (4. 1 percent) was more than

twice that between 1968 and 1972 (1.9 percent).

As the studies presented in the Proceedings of the

Conference on the Decline in Coronary Heart Disease

Mortality made clear, the reason (or reasons) for the

decline in IHD has not yet been established (pp.

381-3999). The findings of Kleinman, Feldman, and

Monk indicate that the changes in smoking behavior

in the population aged 35-64 years (as reported in the

National Health Interview Survey) do not consistently account for the decline in IHD (pp. 195-

2119).

Race and sex. –The ranking of the four race-sex

groups by the magnitude of their ageadjusted death

rates for IHD in 1977 and the percent decreases in

their rates between 1968 and 1977 are shown below.

AgaRank adjusted Percent

in 1977 rata decrease

White, male . . . . . . . . . . . 1 264.7 21.4

Another, male . . . . . . . . 2 245.3 22.5

All other, female . . . . . . . 3 152.3 28.5

White, female . . . . . . . . . 4 119.0 24.5

For each of the four race-sex groups, the average

annual percent decrease in the age-adjusted death rate

for IHD, as shown below, was greater for 1973-77

than for 1968-72.

1968-72 1973-77

White, mela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 3.9

White, female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3

Another, male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E 3.9

Another, famale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 5.0

Age, race, and sex. –Ail 10-year age groups in tlie

span 35-44 to 75-84 years experienced decreases in

the death rate for IHD between 1968 and 1977. This

decrease was true for each of the four race-sex groups

(figures 3 and 4).

Cirrhosis of liver

Total mortality. –No serious breaks were found in

comparability of mortality statistics for Cirrhosis of

liver (ICDA No. 571) during 1950-77. The comparability ratio is 0.99 between the Sixth and Seventh

Revisions and 1.0055 between the Seventh and

Eighth Revisions. For this reason the following

analysis is for the ascending and descending periods

(1950-73 and 1973-77) of mortality from this cause.

For 1977, 30,848 deaths were attributed to

Cirrhosis of liver (ICDA No. 571), which ranks as the

seventh leading cause of death. The long upward

trend in the unadjusted death rate for this disease

reached a record high of 15.9 deaths per 100,000 in

1973 (p. 402 and table 7). Since then this rate has

been declining, dropping to 14.3 per 100,000 for

1977

The age-adjusted death rate also peaked for 1973

(15.0 per 100,000), and decreased for each succeeding year, to 13.1 per 100,000 for 1977.

Race and sex. –Unadjusted death rates for Cirrhosis of liver (ICDA No. 571) dropped between

1973 and 1977 for each of the four race-sex groups,

but the rank order of this cause among other causes

remained the same for 1973 and 1977 (table G). The

rise in mortality between 1950 and 1973 from this

cause for the four race-sex groups is not attributable

to changes in their age composition. The trends in

their age-adjusted death rates over this period were

also upward: 66.4 percent for the white male group

(from 11.6 to 19.3 per 100,000); 50.0 percent for the

white female group (from 5.8 to 8.7 per 100,000);

276.7 percent for the all other male group (from 9.0

to 33.9 per 100,000); and 205.1 percent for the all

other female group (from 5.9 to 18.0 deaths per

100,000).

By race and sex the smallest percent decrease

(7.4) between 1973 and 1977 in the age-adjusted

death rate for this cause was for the all other male

group (table 7). Their very high death rate of 33.9 per

100,000 for 1973 decreased only to 31.4 per 100,000

for 1977. The corresponding decline in the rate for

their female counterparts amounted to 16.7 percent–from 18.0 to 15.0 per 100,000. For the white

mde group the death rate fell 13.5 percent–from

19.3 to 16.7 per 100,000; and for the white female

group, 13.8 percent–from 8.7 to 7.5 per 100,000.

During 1968-77 (when deaths were classified by

the Eighth Revision), 121,256 deaths were attributed

to Cirrhosis of liver with mention of alcoholism

(ICDA No. 571.0). These deaths accounted for 38.4

percent of all deaths from Cirrhosis of liver (ICDA

No. 571) for this 10-year period. For the total population this percent with mention of alcoholism rose

from 34.4 for 1968 to 42.2 for 1977 (table H). This

16
-1

WHITE MEN

I ~eVi5i0flSof the kernational Clam”f@on of Dimscs I

~

5,txitl —

-/-”

— HA

._.w--”O---

/

I,ooo —

503 —

~

l=

;

........... ... ....... . .. ...

a.

E

g

a

:

u!

+

<

K 100 —

—. . . .

. z--,-----

50

10L

1950 1955

Seventh

75.84 year5

_/-~——”

65-74 years

,-----~.-. -.e.~.

55.64 years

45.54 years

... ..... . ... ..... .. . . .. ... ... .....

35.44 yem

.-..Z--Z-- -------

1 I I 1 1 , I 1 1

1960 1966

YEAR

Eighth I

-—— -

- —.

---- %.-. \

“\.~--

..................

.......

““- .......

“---- --

-- --

-- --

-.

.

1 I 1 t , 1 1 ! 1 1 1 I

ALL OTHERMEN

k

Revisionsof the IntcrnatbndCkificatkm of Oiseases I

5,(s30—

AH’

-MT

●4”

1,Lsm— .w-e.fl---~

500 —

. .

/.. ...............

.......

100 -

#

,--,.-~-- ,,~

●

50 —

10 —

I 1 I 1 I I I L

1970 1975 1980 1950 1955

75%4years

-&-/---

55-64years

45.54 years

... .. . . ..... .......

... . .... .../

35.44 years

,. ----z

,0

.-s B,’--’

1 1 I 1 1 1 1 I I 1

1960 1965

YEAR

Eighth I

4\___

-.

--l.-._.

----

Y

“x ---

-%. .

---- .....

...........

----

--

-- -

- s-

-, 0.

-. .

L&LLL_d

1975 1980

Figure 3. Death ratas for Ischamic heart disease for white man and all other men, by agw United States, 1950-77
k

Rwisions of the International Classification of ilisems I

5,000

I ,Ooa

Hxl

IOU

50

10

—/--- //

*.-” --.4.0 .-.

““”.. ””””” .. .... ............

--- -. -.

-. --,.

J I I 1 1 I I 1

150 1955

75-64 years

.——.—-

65-74 years

----------------

55.64 years

45.54 years

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . .

3544 years

4--------

~~

------,

I 1 I 1 t I , I , 1

1980 1965

YEAR

E@hth I

..............

.......................

.--

-. .-z-

--

----

‘- -

ALL OTHER WOMEN

I Revisions of the Intemationd Clsssificstion of Diseases

1

..%.... ”.../

.... ....

.-4.

~ ‘OtL-l1970 1975 1980 1950 1955

Swenth

65-74 years

.-. -.-.e”-

-./”+./

55’64 yew-s

45.54 years

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544 years

--------

.-, *-.,.-

1 I t 1 1 1 I 1 1

1960 1965

YEAR

Ebhth

I

%.*--

--.,

k ●-.

<

%.

......

.........

...*+

●✎

✎✎✎✎✎✎✎✎✎

‘-

-.

--- -.

-.

.

*.

-.

.

.* ●

I 1 I I I 1 I I 1 1 1 I I

1970 1975 1980

Figure 4. Death rates for Ischemichaart diseasefor white women and all other women, try agrx lJnited Stms, 195(j-77
Table G. Death rates and rank order for Cirrhosis of liver, by race and sex: United States, 1950, 1973, and 1977

[ RaSBS are deaths per 100,000 population in epecifiad race-sax groups. For 1973 and 1977 rates era bawd on dqat~s- assign+ to category number

571 of the Eighth Revision I nternationel Classification of Diseases, Adapted for Use in tha Unitad States, 1965 (I CDA); and for 1950, on daaths

esaigned to category number 581 of the Sixth Revision]

1950 1973 1977

Race and sex

Rate Rank Rate Rank Rate Rank

order order order

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 13 15.9 7 14.3 7

Whita, male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,6 13 20.5 7 18,3 7

White, femala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 13 10.1 8 9.1 8

Another, male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 18 26.6 8 24.9 8

All othar, femala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 19 15.2 8 12.9 8

Table H. Numkrand pementdistribution ofdeaths from Grrhosis ofliver bysubcatqories Alcoholic, Otharspwifi@, and Unspwifi~, amording

toracaandsax: United Statas,1868and 1977

[Numbers after causes of daath are category numbers of the Eighth Revision I ntarnationel Classification of Disaasas, Adaptad for Usa in tha

United States, 1965 (ICDA) 1

Yaer, race, and sex

Cirrhosis Alcoholic Other Unspecified Cirrhosis Alcoholic Other

of liver Unspecified

(571.0) specified (*571.9) ~

of liver (571.0) specified

(571) (+571.8)1 (571) (’571.8)1 (*571.9)1

1977

Totai , ...,,,.,,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White, mala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whita, female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Allothar, mala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All other, famala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1968

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White,male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White,famale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All other,male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Allother,famale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number of deaths

30,848 13,029 3,908 13,911

16,727 7,241 1,658 7,828

8,721 3,102 1,343 4.276

3,440 1,791 !354 1,095

1,960 895 353 712

29,183 10,036 5,694 13,453

16,142 5,738 2,739 7,665

8,607 2,511 1,918 4,178

2,679 1,135 591 953

1,766 652 446 657

Percent distribution

100.0 42.2 12.7 45.1

100.0 43.3 9.9 46.8

100.0 35.6 15.4 49.0

100.0 52.1 16.1 31.8

100.0 45.7 18.0 36.3

100.0 34.4 19.5 46.1

100.0 35.5 17.0 47.!5

100.0 29.2 22.3 48.5

100.0 42.4 22.1 35.6

100.0 37.2 25.4 37.4

lThe Eighth Revi5ion adaPted forusain the United States hesthethrae subcategories shown lntherapo~, whereas the Revision edoptedbY the WOrld

Haalth Organlzatlon hasonly two subcategories: Alcoholic (lCDNo. 571.0)and Othar(l CD No,571.9). Theinclusion terms under thethrae subcamgorias In usa In tha Unltad Statas are as follows:

571.0 Alcoholic *571.S Othar specified

Alcohollc: Cirrhosis (hepetic)

cirrhosis (liver):

hepatltia biliary

Laannac’s cirrhosis cardiac

Any condition In 671.8 or 571.9 congenital

with mantlon of alcohol or due to passive

alcoholism congastlon

portal

postnecrotic ,

Fatty degenaretior

of liver

Without mention

or alcohol or

alcoholism

●571.9 Unspacif led

Benti’s diaaese

Chronic hepetitis

Cirrhosis (hepatic)

(Iivar):

N OS

hapatolienal

spienomegalic

Hepatolianal fibrosis

Without mention

oralcoholor

alcoholism

The lCDAgIvas .- areater detalland sPacificitv then isprovidad bytha Eighth Revision of thelCD. Complam correspondence be~eenthese Woclassificatlons has baen maintained atthathraediglt level, butnewfourth-digit subdivisions havabeencreatad invarlous parts of the ICDA. Where necessary,

●xlstlng fourth-dlglt subdivisions have baan renumbered to accommodate the additional subcategories in logical sequence. Those subdivisions of the

ICDA which do not correspond exactly with the ICD ara idantlfiad by an asterisk (•). This explains the asterisks in this table befora 571.8 and 571.9.

Theesterisk iselsoused, esisdescribed lntebles8, A, B, C,K, L,end M,toidentify titles thetwere introduced bythe Netional Cen@rfor Health Statlstlcs after tha publication of ICDA,

19
rise for the total population reflects increases in this

percent for each of the four race-sex groups, with the

greatest increase for the all other male group–from

42.4 percent for 1968 to 52.1 percent for 1977.

Age, race, and sex. –For 1977 the death rate for

Cirrhosis of liver (ICDA No. 571) for the total

population increased for each succeeding age group

through ages 55-64 years and then declined for the

age groups in the remainder of the lifespan. A similar

pattern was found for each of the four race-sex

groups for each year from 1950 to 1977. Whether

this death rate actually did peak before the end of the

lifespan was determined by cohort analysis. An

examination of the death rate for persons born

1903-07 shows that for two of the four race-sex

groups (white men and all other men) the death rate

for this cause peaked at ages 65-69 years (table J).

For a third group (all other women) the rate peaked

at an even younger age–60-64 years. For the fourth

group (white women), however, the death rate

continued to rise slightly through age group 70-74

years.

As may be seen in table 7 and figures 5 and 6, the

unexplained reversal of the long upturn in Cirrhosis

of liver (ICDA No. 571) that occurred in the early

1970’s was experienced by ahnost every age group. A

similar reversal occurred for each of the four race-sex

groups.

Emphysema and Chronic obstructive

lung disease without mention of

asthma, bronchitis, or emphysema

Total mortality. –The death rate for the combined causes of Emphysema (ICDA No. 492) and

Chronic obstructive lung disease without mention of

asthma, bronchitis or emphysema (No. *519.3)

reached an all-time high in the United States in 1977.

(As noted earlier, the asterisk indicates that this title

was not included in ICDA, but was introduced by

NCHS.) The unadjusted death rate for this combination of causes was 18.7 per 100,000; and the

age-adjusted death rate, 12.6 per 100,000. A total of

40,338 deaths from these two causes occurred in

1977.

In the earlier study on mortality from causes

Table J. Death retesfor Cirrhosis of liver for cohort born 1903-07, by race, sax, and age at death: United States, 5-year intervals

during 1952-77

[For 1972 and 1977 ratas are based on daaths aseigned to catagory number 571 of the Eighth- Ravision lntarnetionel Classification of Dkaeses,

Adapted for Use in the United States, 1965 (lCDA); for 1962 and 1967 and for 1952 and 1957, on deaths esdgned to category numbar 561 of

the Seventh end Sixth Revisions, adopted by the World Health Orgenizetion, respectively, in 1955 and 194S]

Age at death Death rata

Race, sex, and year of death from Cirrhosis of liver (in years) for per

cohort born 100.000

1903-07 population —

White men

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-74 58.8

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65-69 74.0

1967 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60-64 68.3

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55-59 51.2

1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-54 42,4

1952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45-49 27.0

All other men

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-74 45.7

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65-69 69.6

1867 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60-64 58.9

1862 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55-59 39.0

1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-54 30.5

1952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45-49 21,5

White women

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-74 27.2

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65-69 27.0

1967 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60-64

1862 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26.6

55-59 19.7

1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50454 17.3

1952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45-49 14.0

Allotherwomen

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-74 21.4

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65-69 19.2

1867 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60-64 30.2

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55-59 22.2

1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-54 17.2

1952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45-49 13.4

20
Table K. Number of deaths from specified diseasesof respiratory systwm, by race and sex: United States, 1866-77

[Numbers ●ftar cmsassof daath are category numixrs of the Eighth Ravision International Classification of Disaasas,Adaptsd for USCin the United States, 1965 (lCDA).

The ●tcrlsk Imfora category number 519.3 indicates that the title to which this number corresponds was not includad in ICDA but was introduced by the National

Cwstar for Haalth Statistics]

CCUSIof death, race. and sex 19771 19761 19751 19741 19731 19721.2 19711 ‘ 1970~ 19ri9 1966

Bronchitis, emphysssma,and asthma and Chronic obstructive

lung diseasewithout mention of esthma, bronchitis, or

emphy~ma (490493 and “519.3]3

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whita, mala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whks, famale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All other, mala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Allothm’, famala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chronic obstructiya lung diseasewithout mention of ssthme,

brorsohitis,or emphyeeme (*51 9.3)3

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whita, mala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whita, famala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Allothar, male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Allothar, famala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bronchitis, emphysem6, end asthma (480-493)

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whita, male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

white, famala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Allothar, male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Allothor, famala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bronchitis, unqualified (490)

Total ,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whita,mala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whlta, famala . . . . . , ., , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . .

All othar, male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Allother,fomale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chronic bronchitis (491 )

Total . .,, . , , , , . , , , . . , , . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . , .

Whita, male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whita,famala . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Allothar,male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Allothar,famale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Emphyaema(492)

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whlta, rnala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

White,female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All othar, mala . . . . . , . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . , , ,. . . . . . . .

Allother,famale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Asthma (493)

Total . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Whita, mala ., , , . . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . .

Whita,female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Allothar,mala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Allothar,femala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48,325

31 ,s02

11,575

2,208

739

23,882

16,716

5,738

1,1S6

322

22,363

15,0s4

5,839

1,023

417

704

?:

4s

35

3,608

2,344

1,067

130

46

16,376

11,911

3,848

863

136

1,674

581

748

167

18s

45,S62

31,851

11,122

2,168

713

21.472

15,184

4,837

1,079

272

24.410

16,SS7

6,185

1,117

441

744

319

340

4s

37

3,695

2,596

1,110

152

38

17.788

13,128

3,806

722

13B

1,975

625

927

196

226

43,0s1

30,374

8,966

1,889

712

17,593

12,573

3,868

638

228

25,488

17,601

6,030

1,151

466

686

%

49

29

4,016

2,744

1,067

141

44

18,795

14,082

3.775

757

171

1,881

639

878

204

242

41,179

29,2S1

9,320

1,861

617

14,289

10,315

3,049

757

176

28,860

18.856

6,271

1,204

439

6s0

301

261

67

31

4,417

3,02s

1,184

167

60

19,907

I 5,011

3,979

783

134

1,876

628

847

187

214

41,042

28,542

8,833

2,003

11,334

8,177

2,388

628

160

28,706

21,365

6,484

1,375

75s

32s

333

73

36

4,779

3,332

1,212

160

55

22,248

17,100

4,089

810

170

1,812

607

850

212

243

36,978

28,172

6,15S

1,964

886

8.210

5.844

1,692

588

106

30,786

22,226

6,564

1,41s

558

776

352

284

68

64

5,084

3,582

1,222

212

66

17,526

3,982

800

170

2,328

786

1,06s

238

36,605

26,695

7,398

1,828

684

6,321

4,847

1,184

405

105

30,264

22,04s

6,234

1,423

578

710

308

294

61

45

4,881

3,507

1,114

168

72

22,538

17,553

3,858

849

178

2,154

678

888

225

262

35,333

25,921

6,68S

1.657

“689

4,444

3,271

785

330

5a

30,s68

22,650

6,101

1,527

611

832

365

318

88

61

5,014

3,632

1,140

197

45

22,721

17,919

3,840

962

180

2,322

734

1,003

280

325

33,648

25,086

6,343

1,788

843

2,704

2,000

473

192

38

31,144

23,088

5,870

1,574

604

788

361

311

76

51

5,044

3,689

1,075

214

68

22,939

18,243

3,622

1,001

173

2,362

793

882

283

324

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

33,078

24,638

6,153

1,728

883

643

359

342

66

54

5,362

3,906

1.147

239

86

24,185

19,361

3,588

1,073

183

2,666

l,E

328

356

1E~cl”d~ ~-ths of “onras,d.”~ of the lJ”l~d ~t~~s.

zsa~ on. So.psrc.nt a8mP10Of daath~.

3Th@ ~b~mgow ICDA No. “519.3 was first introduced for data year 1969. Saginning with data year 1972 the subtitle for “619.3 was modified by the addition of

“without mention of wttrme, bronchitis, or ●mphysama.”

associated with smoking, the trend ofmortality from

Emphysema without mention ofbronchitis (ICDNO.

527.1) of the Seventh Revision as asingle cause was

studied. To lessen the discontinuity resulting from

changes in medical certification patterns forthe years

1969-77 the number of deaths attributed to Emphysema (ICDA No. 492) and to Chronic obstructive

lung disease without mention of asthma, bronchitis,

or emphysema (No. *519.3) have been combined

(tables 8, K, and L, and figures 5,6, and 7).

During the Iatter part of the 1960’s an unusual

shift in physicians’ attribution of the cause on death

certificates began to obscure a continuing rise in

mortality from the complex of diseases often described as “chronico bstructivel ungdiseasea ndallied

conditions.” Increasingly, deaths that once would

have been attributed to the specific condition

“emphysema,” and to a lesser extent to “chronic

bronchitis,” were nowdesignated bythe general term

“chronic obstructive lung disease,” or by one of its

synonyms or abbreviations. As a result, while theunadjusted death rate for Emphysema (ICDA No. 492)

21
25.34 YEARS

6,CF30.O—

4,000.0 —

2,000.O —

1,000.0 —

800.0 —

600.0 —

400.0 —

200.0 —

100.0 -

80.0 —

60,0 —

40.0 –

20.0 —

k

lschemic heart

1.

-,--,. disease’

10.0 -.. - ~,

8.0

6.0 Cirrhosis

40+

2.0

1

..”.‘ -%.

1.0 :. Peptic ulcer

0,8

:

‘. /.+

●. . . .. . . ..

0.6 %

‘..

“.. ..%

0.4

....’ ... . . .

Emphysema, etc.z

I Ill,llt lltl, [!lllll,

1960 1965 1970 1975 1!

.

35-44 YEARS

———

—

—

—

—

—

Ischemic heart

diseasel

—.-. 0---

------

--

.

- Cirrhosis

-F

———

. . . .. ..... Peptic ulcer

— %

.. . ...

“*.,..,

Jk””...

J

\[~/

%.

– Emphysema, etc.2

%0

“.

1,, , ,1,,,,1,,,,1,,,,

45-54 YEARS

Iachemic heart

diseasel

--- ---- ------

-.<

Chrhosls

~?

Emphysema, etc?

““...., /

-%+4

./-

1 Jfi”””””” .. .. .

., Peptic ulcer

. .. . .

“.

“..

%.

. . ..

“.

‘.

1,, , ,1,,,,1,,,,1,,,,

55.64 YEARS

n:

Ischemic heart ‘12,000.0

—

—.

diseasel

------

~

1,000.0

— -.--. #. ‘-- 800.0

600.0

;

400.0

Cirrhosis

=

Emphysema, etc.z

:)’

——

—

—

—

——

—

%......

...

..%..

%..,

%,

Peptic ulcer ●*.....

%,

..

%.

. . ●

—2.0

— 1.0

— 0.8

— 0,6

— 0.4

— 0.2

— 0.1

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1960 1965 1970 1975 1960

YEAR

1,, , ,1,,,,1,,,,1,,,,1

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980

rBc..mx of subst.ntid lhscuntm”ily in mortality smlistics for Isdwnuc heart d!scaser,xdtmg from the intruductmn of the Eigh!h Rewwjn, trend line mnot connectedbctwcmt lYb7 mld 1968

2Thc conlplctc title is Emphysemaand Chnmic obsmmtivc lung dissascwithout mcnt!on uf asthma,brunchltis. or enlphyssma.

Figure 5. Death rates for men in specified age groups for 4 leading causesof death related to smoking: United Statas, 1960-77

22
*

65.74 YEARS

10,000.0

8,000.0

6,0Q0.O

4,00a.o

r

kchemic heart

diseasel

Z,cmo.o

t

---z -

-, .--.-0 --

-- .

1,000.0

800.0

600.0

400.0 E

Emphysema, etc.z

/

//--

~f

/

Cirrhosis

of liver

200.0

1

100.0

80.0

60.0

k

)’

. . ... . ..

40.0

...

●. ..$

. . .

“8

Peptic ulcer ●“......

%,

20.0 “..

“.●.,

10.0

8,0 E

6.0 —

4.0 -

2.0 —

1.0 —

0.8 —

0.6 —

0.4 —

0.2 —

0.1 —

1,,,,1,,,, 1,,,,1,,,,

1960 1965 1970 1975 1!

75.S4 YEARS

E

Ischemic heart

tiseasel

------

-, .-. .- --

[_

Emphysema, etc.2

,/””

,/

/

/

f“””+..., Peptic ulcer

.... . ~

%..

%.. .

“%,

Cirrhosis ..

of liver

L

———

65 YEARS AND OVER

Io,wo.o

. . **W

--, w

..*-* -.-, — 8,000.0

Ischemic heart – 6,000.0

diseasel

— 4,000.O

— 2,000.0

— 1,000.0

- 800.0

— 600.0

— 400.0

— 200.0

— 1OQ.o

— 800

— 60.0

— 40.0

— 20.0

—1 0.0

—6 .0

—6 .0

—4 .0

—2 .0

—1 .0

—o .6

—o .6

— o.4

— o. 2

— o. 1

1,,,,1,, ,,1,, ,,1,,,, 1,,, ,1,,,,1,,,,1,,,,1

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980

YEAR

EEmphysema, etc.z ,f-

~

[

/’F

..’”F” .... . .

:/’ ‘“’”..~.:

— ...

.

—

1-

— of liver

—

—

—

———

—

1kmm ,,r s.bsmntld d!w.ntinulty in mortahty statisticsr.r Ischem heart dwasc ms.lttr$ rr.m the mtmd.cwn or the E@h Rcvtd.n.

kcnd Ilnc[Sm,! cunnectcdbclwecn 1967 and 1968.

2 The c,>mp!m 1,11. ,s Emphysema and Chrcmle ob,trualve Iuna d,,,.% w,thout mention or asthma, b,onchlti,, or emphy,e,,,a,

Figure 5, Death rates for men in specified age groups for 4 leading causesof death related to smoking: United States,

1960-77–Con.

23
.

45-54 YEARS 55.64 YEARS .

1O.coo.o

8,01M.O

6,000.O

4,000.0

2,000.0

1.000.0

80Q.O

600.0

400.0

200,0

1Oo.c

80.C

60.C

40.C

20.C

10.[

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

1.0

0.8

0,6

0.4

0.2

0.1

25.34 YEARS 35.44 YEARS

—

1

)

~::.,8

-.

.

kchemic heart

diseaseq

1

3

I

Peptic ulcer

! . . . :..

\ ~“ “:

.

* % . . . . . . . . . . . . .

\

/Q~

;

——— b:

Emphyssma, 8tc.2.3

1,,,,1,,,,11,1111111

1960 1S65 1970 1975 1’980

kchemic heart

diseasel

----

:2

: Cirrhosis

_ of liver

—

—

Peptic ulcer

/%

. . . ‘...

—

—

—

‘. . ..f&Ati\\

—

/-V ‘I1.xm...

:1 /J

— \

Emphysema, etc.z

1,1,,1,,,,1111111111

1960 1965 1970 1975 1 I

schemic heart

diseasel 1---

- -- .z ----

---

Cirrhosis

~

Peptic ulcer

/

/“-

/... *.

““..

@

“...

..,... $

// ““””L’;

!.

Emphysema, etc.2 :

1111111111111111111

jO 1965 1970 1975 1’

Ischemic hwt

disease! . ~-

--0 ”---/ ---

-.

:T-

/“

- Peptic

ulcer

V

/{

. ...+

-.,

““”%. -...+

j

“S.*.,.*

●..

●.

“..

Emphysema, etc.z

——

—

—

—

—

——

—

—

—

—

———

—

—

111111111111111111111

1960 1965 1970 1975 1960

YEAR

Ikmux of mbttmtisl discontinuity bnmortallty statistics for Ischemk hesrt dismss resulting from the introduction of the Sighth Revfdon, trend Une h not connected between 1967 snd 1968.

2’fhe complete title is !hiphyssmt snd Chmnlc obstmctfss hug disssx without mention of duns, bronchkf$, or emphysema.

3Point for 1977 for emphysema for ags group 2s-34 years is not shown ksuse of low frequsncy.

NOTE: Rata lower than 0.1 are not shown.

10,OOO.O

8,000.0

6,000.0

4,000.0

2,000.0

1 ,Wo.o

600.0

600.0

400.0

200.0

100.0

80.0

60.0

40.0

20.0

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.1

Figure6. ~athmtas forwomen unspecified a@groups for41eadng causes ofdeath relatadtosmoting: United States, 1960-77

24
\

6,000.0

4,000.0

F

1,000.0F

-,---/. .+--

800.0 ‘.

Ischemic heart

* -.

6S0.0

diseasel

40+3.0

F

200.0 —

100.0 —

80.0 —

60.Q —

40.0 —

/’

20.0 :’?

. # .$,

““. ~....+

10.0 —

8.0 /

~,/ “ ‘*””””””””?p

6.0 —

Emphvsema, etc.z

4.0 —

2.0 —.

1.0 —

0.8 —

0.6 —

0,4 —

0.2 —

0.1 —

1111111111111111111(

1960 1965 1970 1975 1

75.64 YEARS

——

—

—

-----~

-, .--e -

-. _

_ Ischemic heart

disease!

—

——

—

—

—

—

————

— / —

— Peptic ulcer

I

/’

. .. . . .. .

— .. ..

“.p~-. .

F

Cirrhosis .-..

of liver

/

❑ Emphysema, etc.z

11111111111111111111

1960 1965 1970 1975 1

85 YEARS AND OVER

10,OOO.O

-- — 8,01XS.O

u,- -.

_* *---- -. ., — 6,000.0

_ Ischemic hears

diwasel

— 4,DCSJ.O

— 2,000.O

— 1,000.0

— 8LM.O

— 6W3.O

— 4WL0

— 200.0

— 100.0

— Peptic ulcw — 80.0

.. . .

...

“%, d’

... . . . . ..

. . — 60.0

J’@..’-”... — 40.0

~Emphysema, etc.z

:<:

20.0

Cirrhosis

of liver 10.0

— 8.o

— 6.0

— 4.0

2

— 2.0

— 1.0

— 0.8

— 0.6

— 0.4

— 0.2

— 0.1

Ilillll llllllllllllll

1960 19S5 1970 1975 1980

“

YEAR

ISCLULW orsub%hntlul diwm[inulty in mortality statisticskr Ischemic heart dixw~sulting from theintroductiM orthe Ei&thkvition,

lrcndllncl snotconnected betwm 1967a”d 1968.

2’lle cumplelc title Is Emphysema and Chmmk obstructive lung disease without mention or asthma, bronchitis, or emphysema.

3Point for 1977for emphy%ma roragegroup 25.34 yeamisnot show" kcau~of low f~que"cy.

Figure6. Death rates forwomen insp6cified a~grou~for 41eating ~us~ofdeath related tosmoting: United States,

1960-77-Con.

25
Table L. Percent distrilmtion of deaths from specified dieeases of raspiretory system, by race end sex: Unitad States, 1888-77

[Numbers after causes of dmth am category numbers of the Eighth Ravlsion International Classification of Disaa-, Adapted for Use in tha United States, 1966

(lCDA). The ●sterisk before category number 519.3 indlcat- that tha title to which this number corracponds was not included in ICDA

by the National Canter for Health Statktlcs]

but W*S introdumd

Race, sax, and cause of death 19771 19761 19751 19747 19731 19721.2 19)11 19701 lM

Percent distribution

Bothsaxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490493, ●519,3 100,00 100,00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100,00

Bronchitis, unqualified, . .;...,... . . . . . . . . . . ...490 1.52 1.62 1.62 1.65 1.87 2.00 1.84 2.35 2.36

Chronic bronchitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 7.79 B.49 9.33 10.73 11.64 13.04 13.33 14.19 14,90

Emphysema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...492 35.35 38.79 43.65 48.34 54.21 57.93 61.57 84.31 67.77

Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...493 3.61 4,30 4.55 4.55 4.5s 5.97 5.ss 6.57 6.98

Chronic obstructive lung dimase without mention of asthme,

bronchitis, oremphysarna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*519.3 51.73 45.80 40.s5 34.72 27.62 21 .M 17.27 12.58 7.88

White, mele . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490-493, “519.3 100,00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Bronchitis, unqualified .,....... . . . . . . . . . . . . ...490 0.S4 1.00 1.07 1.03 1.10 1.25 1.16

Chronic bronchitis . .

1.41 1.44

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 7.37 8.15 9.03 10.33 11,28 12.71 13.14 14.01 14.74

Emphyseme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492 37.45 41.22 48.39 51.27 57.88

Asthma

62.22 65.75 69.13 72.69

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493 1.76 1.88 2.10 2.14 2,05 2.72 2.54 2.83

Chronic obstructive lung disease without mention of asthma,

3.16

bronchitis, oremphyaema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*519.3 52.57 47.67 41.39 35.23 27.68 21.10 17.41 12,62 7.97

White, female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...490-493.*519.3

bronchitis, unqualified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...490

Chronic bronchiti s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...491

Emphyaeme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...492

Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493

Chronic obstmctive lung disease without mention of asthma,

bronchitis, oremphysama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..+519.3

Another, male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...49&493. ●619.3

Bronchitis, urrqualified . . . . . . . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . ...490

Chronic bronchitis........,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...491

Emphysema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492

Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..493

Chronic obstructive lung disease without mention of asthma,

b~chitis, oremphysema. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*519.3

AIlothar, female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..490493. *5l9.3

Bronchitis, unqualified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...490

Chronic bronchitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...491

Emphysema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...492

Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493

Chronic obstmctive lung disease without mention of asthma,

fxonchitis, oremphysama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ●519.3

100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

308 3.08 2.92 3.02 3.77 3.60 3.97 4.62 4.80

9.39 9.98 10.89 12.49 13.72 14.98 15.06 16.58 16.95

31.50 34.24 37.80 42.69 45.07 48.82 52.15 52.S8 55,53

6.48 8.33 8.77 9.08 9.62 13.07 13.08 14.57 15.17

49.58 44.39 39.62 32.71 28.82 18.42 15.73 11.40 7.48

100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

1.95 2,19 2.45 3.42 3.64 3.43 3.34 4.74 4.30

5.89 6.92 7.09 8.52 8.99 10.69 10.28 10.61 12.12

30.92 32.68 38.08 39.93 45.43 45.36 51.91 52,68 56.68

7.56 8.88 10.26 9.54 10.58 12.00 12.31 14.00 16.02

53.69 49.13 42.13 38.60 31,35 28.53 22.16 17.77 10.87

100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

4.74 5.19 4.07 5.02 5,42 9,61 6.73 9.12 7.93

6.50 5.33 6.18 9.72 8.28 10.21 10.53 6.73 8.71

18.40 19.35 24.02 21.72 25,80 25.35 25.17 28.91 28.91

28.79 31.ss 33.88 34.68 36.60 38.44 41.23 48.56 50.39

43,57 38.15 31.74 28.85 24.10 16.22 15.35 “ 8.67 6.07

1E~clude~ daaths of nonresident of tho United Stetas.

Zsa=d on ~ S@Percont sample of deaths.

declined from 11.4 for 1969 t07.6 per 100,000 for

1977, the unadjusted death rate forthe newly introduced title Chronic obstructive lung disease without

mention of asthma, bronchitis, or emphysema (No.

*519.3) rose from 1.3 for 1969, to 11.lper100,0OO

for 1977. Thus for the combined rate (unadjusted for

age) the increase amounted to 47.2 percent–from

12.7 for 1969 to’ 18.7 per 100,000 for 1977. As

measured by age-adjusted death rates the increase

between 1969 and 1977 amounted to 31.3 percent–

from 9.6 to 12.6 per 100,000 (table 8).

Medical textbooks for decades have included a

section on “chronic obstructive lung disease,” a title

that embraces a number of clinical syndromes of

varying etiology and pathology that have the common feature of increased hindrance to the flow of air

out of the lungs resulting from an intrapuhnonary

condition–including asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema. However, until recent years physicians almost

always entered on the death certificate a specific diag26

nosis such as emphysema, bronchitis, or asthma instead of a general term or its abbreviation.

Because of this shift to the use of a general term

such as “chronic obstructive lung disease,” it is believed that the sequence of data for Emphysema

without mention of bronchitis (ICDA No. 527.1) for

1950-67, for Emphysema (ICDA No. 492) for 1968,

and for Emphysema and chronic obstructive lung

disease (ICDA No. 492 and *519.3) for 1969-77

make up a more satisfactory mortality curve for the

disease of “emphysema” than if deaths from No.

*519.3 were not included for 1969-77.

The unadjusted death rate for this combination of

causes for 1977 (18.7 per 100,000) was 23.4 times

the rate for 1950 (0.8 per 100,000); and the ageadjusted death rate for 1977 (12.6 per 100,000) was

18.0 times that for 1950 (0.7 per 100,000). Although

the age-adjusted death rate for these diseases rose almost without interruption during 1950-77, it did so

at a decelerating rate (pp. 13, 412 and table 8). The
I REVISIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES I

30

20

10

9

8

7

6

6

4

3

2

1

0

0

0

I

Sixth

. . . .

--

.

.

.

.

-. ,“ ----t

/“

,/ /

/

//0

-.->kO”%,.-.a.R”J”J

[

/

Lu-u_&-

1950

Seventh

/

/

,/

/

/’

/’

--------

. /“-

.

.4.

.4

.-.X4 .-

,/ ----

/

-.

/’

●l”\./” /“

I

i

..-.

Sighth

of asthma, bromhiti$, or

amphysama (ICDA No.

●519.3) and bronchitis,

ernphysama, and asthma

(ICOA NOS. 490493)

/......!

#

. . . .

. . . . . . . . . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . .

%

-—

-\

Bronchitis, emphysama, and

\

asthma (ICDA Nos. 490.493)

\

‘\\

Emphysema {ICDA No. 492)

\. \ .-. *

“\./.+\

%+

\*

\*

\ .-. \

●\, Bronchitis, chronic and

unqualified (ICOA Nos.

4s0, 491)

.. . . . . ..A

.

.

.

. Asthma (ICOA No. 493)

Figure7. Death rates for Bronchitis, emphysema, and*thma, andother chronic oMtructiva lung diseases: United States, 1950-77

27
average annual percent increases in the age-adjusted

rate for the total population for the periods 1950-57,

1958-67, and 1968-77 were, respectively, 21.9, 10.9,

and 3.6 percent (table C).

This combination of causes is one of the three

diseases of the respiratory system for which the ageadjusted death rate for the total population rose at a

decelerating rate during 1950-77. The other two diseases, as presented above, are Malignant neoplasm of

trachea, bronchus, and lung (ICDA No. 162) and Malignant neoplasm of larynx (ICDA No. 161). The

gains made during 1950-77 in reducing mortality

through increased control of Tuberculosis of respiratory system (ICDA Nos. 010-0 12)–amounting to a

reduction of 19.5 deaths per 100,000—were more

than offset by the increases-amounting to 46.9

deaths per 100,000–in the rates for these three diseases of the respiratory system linked with cigarette

smoking (tables M, 2,3, and 8).

Some variation may occur in the manner in which

physicians categorize deaths on the death certificate

from any one of these respiratory diseases or combinations of them. It is useful, therefore, as stated in

the earlier report on mortality associated with smoking, to examine the trend of mortality from all

respiratory diseases collectively and singly. When the

death rates for all of these diseases are combined

(table M.),it was found that they accounted for about

10.9 percent of the total death rate for 1977 but only

8.0 percent for 1950. This percent increase occurred

even though the death rate for Tuberculosis of the

respiratory system (ICDA Nos. 010-0 12) decreased

from 20.6 per 100,000 for 1950 to 1.1 per 100,000

for 1977.

Race and sex. –For each of the four race-sex

groups the average annual percent increases in the

age-adjusted death rates were smaller for 1958-67

than for 1954-57, and smaller for 1968-77 than for

1958-67 (table C).

For the periods 1958-67 and 1968-77 the percent

increases in the age-adjusted death rates for the female groups of both the white and all other populations were greater than the corresponding increases

for the male groups (table B).

Age, race, and sex. –For 1954-77” the death rate

for the combination of diseases previously defined as

“emphysema” increased for each succeeding age

group ahnost without exception from 25-34 to 75-84

years. For each of the groups except white men the

increases usually continued through 85 years and over;

whereas for white men the increases through 85 years

and over occurred for only 7 of the 24 years in the

period 1954-77.

Peptic ulcer

Total mortality. –The 1968-77 data for this cause

are based on deaths assigned to the Eighth Revision

title Peptic ulcer (ICDA Nos. 531-533); and for

1950-57 and 1958-67, on deaths assigned to the most

nearly comparable Sixth and Seventh Revision title

Ulcer of stomach and duodenum (ICDA Nos. 540,

541). This disease, with relatively low mortality,

ranked as the sixteenth cause of death in 1977. The

total number of deaths decreased from 8,214 for

1950 to 5,900 for 1977. The comparability ratio of

1.01 between the Sixth and Seventh Revisions accounted for a small part of the increase between 1957

and 1958 in the age-adjusted death rate for this cause

(from 5.1 to 5.3 per 100,000); and the ratio of

0.9856 between the Seventh and Eighth Revisions,

for a part of the decrease between 1967 and 1968 in

this rate (from 3.9 to 3.7 per 100,000) (pp. 58-597

and table F).

The age-adjusted death rate rose from 5.0 to 5.1

per 100,000 between 1950 and 1957; and then began

to drop, at an accelerating rate (pp. 15, 422 and table 9). It fell 26.4 percent between 1958 and 1967–

from 5.3 to 3.9 per 100,000; and 51.4 percent between 1968 and 1977–from 3.7 to 1.8 per 100,000,

Race and sex. –These declines in the age-adjusted

death rate for the total population proceeded from

unequal reductions for the four race-sex groups. Between 1968 and 1977 the average annual percent decrease in the age-adjusted death rate was greater for

the male groups of both the white and all other populations than for their female counteqxirts (table C).

Greater percent decreases in the age-adjusted

death rates for both race groups in the male population than for their counterparts in the female population resulted in lowering the mortality sex ratios between 1950 and 1977 (table D). On the other hand,

the greater percent decrease in the age-adjusted death

rate for the white male group than for the all other

male group resulted in an increase in the mortality

race ratio for the male population–from 0.98 for

1950 to 1.15 for 1977. For the female population

the mortality race ratios for 1950-77 were based on

low age-adjusted death rates. As might be expected,

therefore, the pattern for the mortality race ratios for

them was somewhat irregular. For both race groups

of this sex, however, the age-adjusted death rates

clearly decreased between 1958 and 1977.

Age, race, and sex. –For each of the four race-sex

groups, age-specific death rates for this cause increased for each succeeding age group. This increase

was generally true for each of the years in the period

1950-77. It was also true for each of the four race-sex

groups that the death rate for this cause for every 10-

year age group 25-34 through 65-74 years decreased

between 1950 and 1977.

Malignant neoplasm of esophagus

Total mortality. –The unadjusted death rate for

Malignant neoplasm of esophagus (ICDA No. 150)

rose 30.8 percent between 1950 and 1977–from 2.6

to 3.4 per 100,000 (pp. 16,432 and table 10). Part of

28
Tabla M. Death rates for All causes and for Diseases of the respiratory system, including Tuberculosis of respiratory system, Malignant neoplasm of

respiratory system, Asthma, and other specified disaasas of the respiratory systam: United States, 1960-77

[Numbers efter causes Of death are cetegcw numbers of the Eighth Revision International Classification of Diseases, Adaptad for Use in the United

= 1965 ( ICDA). The asterisk before category numbar 519.3 indicates that the title to which this number corresponds was not included in

ICDA but was introduced by the National Centar for Health Statistics. Ratas are based on deaths classified according to the Seventh Revision for

1960-67 end according to the Eighth Revision for 1968-77]

Diseases of the respiratory system, including

Tuberculosis, Malignant neoplasm of

respiratory systam, and Asthma

All causes

Malignant

Year of death Tuberculosis of neoplasm

respirato~ of respiratory

Total

Asthma

system system not (493)

(010-012) specified

as secondary

(160-163)

Rate par 100,000 population

1977’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

878.1 96.1 1.1 44.0 0.8

19761 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889.6 100.0 1.1

19761 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42.5 0.9

888.5 94.5 1,2 40.7 0.9

19741 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915.1 92.5 1.3 39.5 0.9

19731 . . . . . . . . 940.2 95.3

1972112.:::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::: :. . . . . . . .

1.4 37.8 0.9

943.2 94.4 1.7

1971’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37.0 1.1

934.7 89.5 1.7 35.4

19701 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.0

945.3 91.7 2.0 34.2 1.1

1969 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 954.4 92.9 2.2 32.8 1.2

1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867,9 95.3 2,5 31.8 1.3

1967 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937.6 84.2 3.2 29.4 2.1

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 952.6 86.9 3.6 28.1 2.2

1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644-.6 64.6 3.8 26.9 2.3

1964 ..,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940.7 81.2 4.0 25.7 2.3

1963 . . . . . . 00 . . 0000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 962.2 88.0 4.6 24.9 2.7

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945.6 79.9 4.7 24.0 2.6

1961 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 929.8 75.9 5.0 23.1 2.7

1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 954.7 83.3 5.6 22.2 3.0

Year

Other specified diseases of respiratory system

Chronic and Emphysema

and Chronic

Residual

Total

unqualified Influenza Pneumonia

obstructive

diseases of

bronchitis

lung disease

(47G474) (4W486) respiratory

(490,491)

(492, ”519.3)

system

19771 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,3

19761, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.5

19751 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.7

19741 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.8

19731 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.1

1972112 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.7

19711 . . : : : : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.4

19701 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.3

1969 . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,7

1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.6

1867 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.5

1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.0

1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.6

1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.1

1963 ,, .,.,,. . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. 55.9

1862 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.5

1961 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.1

1860 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.5

2.0

2.2

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

2.7

2.9

2.9

3.1

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.3

2.3

1.9

1.7

1.8

Rateper100,0OO population

18.7 0.6

18.3 3.7

17.1 2.0

16.2 1.0

16.0 2.4

14.7 2.4

14.0 0.7

13.4 1.8

12.7 3.0

12.1 3.5

10.6 0.7

10.4 1.4

9.6 1.2

8.3

8.0 U

6.7 1.8

5.6 1.2

5.2 4.4

23.1

25.2

24.1

24.9

27.4

27.7

27.0

29.0

31.0

33.3

28.1

31.1

30.8

30.2

33.8

30.4

29.0

32.9

6.0

6.2

6.2

6.3

6.6

7.0

6.9

7.1

7.1

8.5

7.4

7.5

7.4

z

7.7

7.7

8.3

I Excludec deaths of nonresidents of the United States.

28ased on a 50-percent sample of deaths.

26
this rise was attributable to the changing age composition of the population. The age-adjusted death rate

rose only from 2.3 to 2.6 per 100,000. These increases

in the death rates for this cause corresponded to an

increase in the number of deaths from 3,866 for 1950

to 7,283. for 1977.

Race and sex. –The 7,283 deaths from this cause

for 1977 were distributed by race and sex as follows:

3,924 and 1,520 deaths for the male and female

groups of the white population, and 1,404 and 435

deaths for the male and female groups of the all other

population.

Malignant neoplasm of esophagus (ICDA No.

150) is one of 8 among the 14 causes of death examined in this report for which the level of mortality

(as measured by age-adjusted rates) was higher for

1977 for the all other male group than for the white

male group. The other seven causes are Malignant

neoplasm of trachea, bronchus, and lung (ICDA No.

162); Malignant neoplasm of larynx (ICDA No. 161);

Cirrhosis of liver (ICDA No. 571); Peptic ulcer (ICDA

Nos. 531-533); Malignant neoplasm of buccal cavity

and pharynx, excluding lip (ICDA Nos. 141-149); the

group of specified noncoronary cardiovascular diseases shown in table 13; and Malignant neoplasm of

pancreas (ICDA No. 157). The level of mortality for

1977 for all eight of these causes except Malignant

neoplasm of trachea, bronchus, and lung (ICDA No.

162) was also higher for the all other female group

than for the white female group. For the excepted

cause the age-adjusted death rate for the white female

group (14.9 per 100,000) was, as previously indicated,

about the same as that for the all other female group

(14.8 per 100,000).

The relatively small increase between 1950 and

1977 of 13.0 percent in the total age-adjusted death

rate for Malignant neoplasm of esophagus (ICDA No.

150) gives no indication that the age-adjusted rates

for each of the sex groups of the all other population

ahnost doubled during this period. The impact on the

age-adjusted rate for the total population of these

large increases in the death rates for the smaller number of persons of each sex in the all other population

(who constituted only 10.5 percent of the population

of 150,697,361 in ‘1950, and 13.4 percent of the estimated 216,332,000 population in 1977) was much

less than the impact of the smaller increases in the

rates for the larger number of persons of each sex in

the white population (table F).

For the white population the sex ratio decreased

between 1968 and 1977 (from 3.67 to 3 ,40), reflecting the greater relative increases in the age-adjusted

death rate for the female than for the male group

(table D). For the all other population the sex ratio

decreased between 1958 and 1967 and between 1968

and 1977, reflecting the greater relative increases in

the age-adjusted death rate for the female than for

the male group of this population.

On the other hand, the smaller percent increase in

the age~adjusted death rate for each sex of the white

population than for the corresponding sex of the all

other population resulted in raising the mortalit y race

ratio for both the male and female groups. For the

male group increases in the race ratio occurred between 1950 and 1957, 1958 and 1967, and 1968 and

1977; while” for the female group increases occurred

only for the latter two petiods (table D).

Age, race, and sex. –For both the male and female

groups of the white population, age-specific death

rates for Malignant neoplasm of esophagus (ICDA No.

150) increased for each succeeding age group to the

end of the lifespan. This pattern of increase occurred

ahnost without exception for each of the years in the

period 1950-77 (table 10). A different pattern held

for the all other population. For the male group of

this population the death rate usually peaked for the

age group 65-74 years. For their female counterparts,

however, the pattern was irregular, with the death

rate peaking at ages 55-64 years for about half of the

period, and at older ages for the remaining years.

For adults of the four race-sex groups except

white men the death rate for this cause between 1950

and 1977 generally increased for every 10-year age

group from 45-54 through 75-84 years, The greatest

increases at these ages were for all other men and

women.

At ages 35-44 years the 1977 death rate for Malignant neoplasm of esophagus (ICDA No. 150) for

all other men was 8 times the corresponding rate for

white men (table 10). At ages 45-54 years the death

rate for this cause for all other men was 6 times the

corresponding rate for white men; and at ages 55-64

years, 4 times the corresponding rate for white men.

The mortality race ratios for 1977 for women at

ages 3544 and 45-54 years were higher than for men

at these ages. For all other women at ages 35-44 years

the 1977 death rate for this cause was 13 times the

corresponding rate for white women; and at ages

45-54 years, 8 times the corresponding rate for white

women.

Malignant neoplasm of buccal

cavity and pharynx, excluding lip

Sites of the oral cavity other than the lip include

the tongue, salivary gland, floor of mouth, mesopharynx, and hypopharynx. The title (and category

numbers) for this group is Malignant neoplasm of

buccal cavity and pharynx, excluding lip (ICDA Nos.

141-149).

Total mortality. –The introduction of the Seventh

Revision in 1958 did not cause a sizable break in continuity of mortality statistics for malignant neoplasm

of these sites. On the other hand, between 1967 and

1968 the small increases in both the unadjusted and

age-adjusted death rates (from, respectively, 3.3 to

30
.

3.6 and 2.8 to 2.9 per 100,000) are attributable in

part to changes in coding procedures between the

Seventh and Eighth Revisions.s>lO’l 1 Consequently,

the analysis of the trend for this cause is limited to

1950-67 and 1968-77.

During 1950-67 the unadjusted death rate for the

total population increased from 3.1 to 3.3 per

100,000; but the corresponding age-adjusted rate remained quite stable, with a rate of 2.8 for both 1950

and 1967 (pp. 17,442 and table 11). During 1968-77

the unadjusted rate for the total population increased

from 3.6 to 3.8 per 100,000; and the age-adjusted

rate, from 2.9 to 3.1 per 100,000. This latter increase

amounted to 6.9 percent and represents an increase in

the number of deaths assigned to this cause from

7,110 for 1968 to 8,291 for 1977.

Race and sex. –The stability of the age-adjusted

death rate for 1950-67 proceeds from the offsetting

of the impact on the rate of the decrease in the ageadjusted rate for the white male group (from 4.5 to

4.4 per 100,000) by increases in the rates for the

other three race-sex groups (from 1.1 to 1.3 per

100,000 for the white female group; 4.1 to 6.3 per

100,000 for the all other male group; and 1.6 to 1.8

per 100,000 for the all other female group). For

1968-77 the increase in the age-adjusted death rate

for the total population also proceeds from increases

in the rates for each of the four race-sex groups except the white male group. For this group, the rate

again fell–from 4.7 to 4.4 per 100,000. The largest

increases in the age-adjusted death rates were for the

male and female groups of the all other population.

For the former group the rate increased 22.2 percent

between 1968 and 1977 (from 6.3 to 7.7 per

100,000); and for the latter, 17.6 percent (from 1.7

to 2.0 per 100,000).

As a result of these unequal changes in the ageadjusted death rate the mortality sex ratio for the

white population decreased from 4.09 to 3.38 between 1950 and 1967, and from 3.36 to 2.93

between 1968 and 1977 (table D).

Conversely the mortality sex ratio for the all

other population increased from 2.56 to 3.50 between 1950 and 1967 and from 3.71 to 3.85 between

1968 and 1977. The mortality race ratio for the male

population increased from 0.91 to 1.43 between

1950 and 1967, and from 1.34 to 1.75 between 1968

and 1977; while the race ratio for the female population decreased from 1.45 to 1.38 between 1950 and

1967, but increased from 1.21 to 1.33 between 1968

and 1977,

Age, race, and sex. –For white men the death rate

for these sites was lower for 1977 than for 1960 for

the age groups 35-44, 45-54, 75-84, and 85 years and

over, but was higher for 1977 for the age groups

55-64 and 65-74 years. The rate for 1977 was also

higher than for 1960 for white women at ages 55-64

and 65-74 years. For all other men the 1977 rate was

higher than the corresponding rate for 1960 for every

10-year age group from 3544 through 75-84 years.

For all other women the higher 1977 rates occurred

only at ages 3544,45-54, and 55-64 years.

Malignant neoplasm of bladder

Total mortality. –For 1968-77 data for this cause

are based on deaths assigned to the Eighth Revision

title Malignant neoplasm of bladder (ICDA No. 188);

and for 1950-57 and 1958-67, on deaths assigned to

the most nearly comparable Sixth and Seventh Revision title Malignant neoplasm of bladder and other

urinary organs (ICD No. 181). No appreciable break

occurred in mortality statistics resulting from the selection of these titles. The Seventh Revision subtitle

Malignant neoplasm of bladder (ICD No. 181.0) constitutes 97.7 percent of Malignant neoplasm of bladder and other urinary organs (ICD No. 181). The selection of ICD No. 181 and ICDA No. 188 as the set

of most nearly comparable category numbers yields a

comparability ratio of 1.0014.

The number of deaths attributed to Malignant

neoplasm of bladder (ICDA No. 188) increased from

6,401 to 9,812 between 1950 and 1977. The unadjusted death rate for this cause rose between 1950

and 1977 from 4.2 to 4.5 per 100,000; while the ageadjusted death rate fell from 3.7 to 2.9 per 100,000

(PP. 18,452 and tables F and 12).

Race and sex. –The age-adjusted death rate for

Malignant neoplasm of bladder (ICDA No. 188) decreased between 1950 and 1977 for each of the four

race-sex groups; and the unadjusted death rate decreased for three of the four race-sex groups–rising

only for the white male group. This increase reflected

in part the aging of this latter group.

The age-adjusted death rate for the white male

group, who had the highest rates (both unadjusted

and age-adjusted), decreased 5.7 percent; and the ageadjusted death rate for the all other male group, who

had the second highest rates, decreased 2.6 percent.

The much lower age-adjusted death rate for the white

female group decreased 36.4 percent; and that for the

all other female group, 25.9 percent.

Age, race, and sex. –For white men the death rate

for Malignant neoplasm of bladder (ICDA No. 188)

was lower for 1977 than for 1960 for each 10-year

age group from 45-54 through 65-74 years, but at

older ages was higher for 1977. For white women,

however, the death rate was lower for 1977 than for

1960 for every 10-year age group from 45-54 through

75-84 years, and for the group 85 years and over.

For all other men the death rate was higher for

1977 than for 1960 only for the age groups 65-74,

75-84, and 85 years and over; and for all other

women, higher for the age groups 75-84 and 85 years

and over. These decreases in the death rate at

younger ages and increases at older ages are consistent

31
●

with the finding that the survival rates have increased

for bladder cancer patients.lz

Specified noncoronary cardiovascular diseases

Five groups of diseases of the cardiovascular system that may be associated with smoking are (according to Eighth Revision titles):

Chronic diseaseof endocardium and other myocardial insufficiency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424,428

All other forms of heart disaasa. . . . . . . . . . . . 420-423,

425427,429

Hypartensiva heart diseasewith or without ranal

disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...402.404

Disaasasof artaries, arterioles, and capillaries

(excluding Arteriosclerosis); and Disaasasof

veins and Iymphatics and other diseasesof

circulatory system . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441448,450458

Arteriosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...440

Major changes in classWlcation and coding procedures used with the Eighth Revision (for 1968-78)

caused serious discontinuities in the causes of death

shown in table 13. These discontinuities are evident

when the death rates for 1968 in this table are compared with the corresponding rates for 1967 (the last

year for which the Seventh Revision was in use). Details of these changes are presented in the study of

comparabilityy of mortality -Statistics between the

Seventh and Eighth Revision (pp. 5-67 ). Because of

these disruptions in the trends, analyses of these

causes are limited to the decade 1968-77, for which

the Eighth Revision was in use.

Total mortality. –For 1977 the age-adjusted death

rate for the combination of five causes shown in table

13 was 40.5 deaths per 100,000. Thisrate constituted

14.5 percent of the 1977 age-adjusted death rate for

the large group of diseases assigned according to the

Eighth Revision to the titles in chapter VII–Diseases

of the Circulatory System. For these diseases the

absolute decrease between 1968 and 1977 in the ageadjusted death rate amounted to 88.7 per 100,000;

whereas the comesponding decrease for the five noncoronary cardiovascular diseases amounted to only

4.5 per 100,000–from 45.0 to 40.5 per 100,000.

The only cause among these five diseases for

which the age-adjusted death rate increased between

1968 and 1977 was All other forms of heart disease

(ICDA Nos. 420423,425-427, 429). For this residual

group of heart diseases the increase in the ageadjusted death rate (from 10.9 to 16.8 per 100,000)

was much smaller than the increase in the unadjusted

death rate (from 14.1 to 24.6 per 100,000). This difference indicates that the increase in the number of

deaths assigned to this cause is largely attributable to

the aging of the population.

Race and sex. –The decrease between 1968 and

1977 of 10.0 percent in the age-adjusted death rate

for the total of the five noncoronary cardiovascular

diseases shown in table 13 (from 45.0 to 40.5 per

100,000) reflects a lowering of the rate for each of

the four race-sex groups, but especially for both sexes

of the all other population. For the male group of

this population the age-adjusted death rate decreased

14.1 percent (from 86.7 to 74.5 per 100,000); and

for their female counterparts, 20.9 percent (from

66.0 to 52.2 per 100,000). The corresponding decreases for the white population were 4.6 percent for

the male group (from 51.9 to 49.5 per 100,000) and

13.6 percent for the female group (from 33.2 to 28.7

per 100,000). ‘

The upturn in the age-adjusted death rate for All

other forms of heart disease (ICDA Nos. 420423,

425427, 429) reflected substantial percent increases

in these rates for each of the four race-sex groups, but

especially for both sexes of the white population. For

the white male group the age-adjusted death rate increased 65.6 percent (from 12.5 to 20.7 per 100,000)

and for the white female group, 57.4 percent (from

6.8 to 10.7 per 100,000). Nevertheless the ageadjusted death rate for the male and female groups of

the white population continued through 1977 to be

much lower than the rates for the corresponding

groups of the all other population. In this latter population the age-adjusted death rate for the male group

increased 31.2 percent–from 29.2 to 38.3 per

100,000; and for the female group, 20.9 percent–

from 19.6 to 23.7 per 100,000.

The reduction between 1968 and 1977 in the ageadjusted death rate for Chronic disease of endocardium and other myocardial insufficiency (ICDA Nos.

424, 428)–from 2.8 to 1.2 per 100,000–reflected

large decreases in the age-adjusted death rate for each

of the four race-sex groups. The greatest decreases

were for both sexes of the all other population–with

a decrease of 68.3 percent for the male group (from

6.0 to 1.9 per 100,000), and 61.9 percent for the female group (from 4.2 to 1.6 per 100,000).

The age-adjusted death rate for Hypertensive

heart disease with or without renal disease (ICDA

Nos. 402, 404) declined 50.8 percent between 1968

and 1977–from 6.1 to 3.0 per 100,000. Again the

greatest decreases for this cause were for both sexes

of the all other population. For the male group of

this population the age-adjusted death rate declined

from 16.2 to 7.8 per 100,000; and for the female

group, from 15.9 to 7.0 per 100,000. The corresponding decreases by sex for the white population

were from 5.3 to 2.6 per 100,000 for the male group,

and from 4.8 to 2.3 per 100,000 for the female

group.

For the total population the age-adjusted death

rate for the following combination of diseases declined 14.7 percent between_ 1968 and 1977 (from

15.6 to 13.3 per 100,000): Diseases of artefies,

arterioles, and capillaries (excluding arteriosclerosis);

and Diseases of veins and lymphatic and other

32
diseases of circulatory system (.ICDA Nos. 441-448,

450-458) (table 13). Again, as for Hypertensive heart

disease with or without renal disease (ICDA Nos. 402,

404), the greatest decreases occurred for both sexes

of the all other population. For the male group of

this population the age-adjusted death rate declined

18.0 percent–from 24.5 to 20.1 per 100,000; and for

the female group, 14.9 percent–from 17.4 to 14.8

per 100,000. The corresponding decreases for the

white population were 13.3 percent for the male

group (from 20.3 to 17.6 deaths per 100,000) and

13.9 percent for the female group (from 10.8 to 9.3

deaths per 100,000).

During 1968-77 the reduction by 35.4 percent in

the age-adjusted death rate for Arteriosclerosis (ICDA

No. 440)–from 9.6 to 6.2 per 100,000–reflected

sizable reductions in the deaths assigned to this cause

for each of the four race-sex groups. The greatest percent reductions occurred for both sexes of the all

other population. For the male group of this popula-”

tion the age-adjusted death rate declined 40.7 percent—from 10.8 to 6.4 per 100,000; and for the female group, 42.7 percent–from 8.9 to 5.1 per

100,000. The corresponding decreases by sex for the

white population were 33.3 percent for the male

group (from 10.8 to 7.2 deaths per 100,000) and

36.8 percent for the female group (from 8.7 to 5.5

deaths per 100,000).

Malignant neoplasm of pancreas

Total mortality. –The number of deaths from Malignant neoplasm of pancreas (ICDA No. 157) was

420,303 for 1950-77–with 85,177 deaths for

1950-57, 149,067 deaths for 1958-67, and 186,059

deaths for 1968-77. The unadjusted death rate for

this cause increased at a decelerating rate between

1950 and 1977. The increases were 22.0 percent between 1950 and 1957, 16.2 percent between 1958

and 1967, and 9.2 percent between 1968 and 1977

(table 14).

Part of these increases may be attributed to the

aging of the population. The age-adjusted death rate

rose from 5.3 per 100,000 for 1950 to a peak of 6.8

for 1968 and then remained quite stable through

1977 at-about 6.7 (tables N and 14).

The average annual percent changes for ageadjusted death rates were an increase of 1.8 percent

for 1950-57, an increase of 1.0 percent for 1958-67,

and a decrease of 0.2 percent for 1968-77 (table C).

No appreciable part of these changes may be attributed to revision of the International Classification of

Diseases.

Race and sex. –The increases between 1950 and

1957 and between 1958 and 1967 in the age-adjusted

death rate for Malignant neoplasm of pancreas (ICDA

No. 157) reflect increases in the rates for each of the

four race-sex groups, with the smallest percent increase for the white female group and the largest for

the all other male group (table B). For 1950, the male

and female groups of the white population had higher

age-adjusted rates, respectively, than did the male and

female groups of the population of all other races.

This relationship, however, fluctuated for the male

population and was reversed in 1955. After 1955, the

age-adjusted rates were considerably higher for the all

other male and female groups than for their counterparts in the white population.

The percent decrease (- 1.5) in the age-adjusted

death rate between 1968 and 1977 reflects the

Table N. Age-adjusted daath rates for Malignant naoplasm of pancreas and Malignant neoplasm of kidnay, by rata and sax:

Unitad States, specified years during 1950-77

[Numbam after causas of death are catagory numbara of the Eighth Ravision International Classification of Diseasea, Adapted f or Use in the United

- 1965 ( ICDA). Tha years 1958 and 1968 were tha first years, raspectivaly, in which the Saventh and Eighth Revisions were in usc in the

United States. For 1950 and 1957 tha Sixth Revision was in use]

White All other

Cause of death and year Total

Male Female Male Female

Malignant neoplasm of pancreas (1 57)

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7

1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8

1967 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7

1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1

1957, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0

1950 .................................................... 5.3

Malignant neoplasm of kidney (189.0-189.2)

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6

1868 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5

1867 .................................................... 2.4

1958 .................................................... 2.3

1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2

Rate per 100,000 population

8.3 5.2 10.5

8.6 5.0 10.4

8.6 4.9 9.7

7.6 4.6 8.5

7.5 4.6 8.1

6.4 4.3 5.3

3.8 1.7 2.9

3.6 1.7 3.1

3.5 1.7 2.9

3.2 1.7 2.4

3.2 1.7 2.3

2.8 1.6 17

:::

6.0

5.3

4.7

3.4

1.4

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.2

33
countervailing effect of a decrease in the rate for the

white male group and increases in the rate for the

other three race-sex groups (table B). The increase for

other than white females was greater than that for

white females. Similarly, for 1950-57 and 1958-67,

the average annual percent increases were greater for

the other thsn white male and female groups than for

the comparable groups in the white population.

The average annual percent changes for 1950-57,

1958+7, and 1968-77 show a reversal of the upward

trend for white males and declining increases for the

other three race-sex groups. The age-adjusted death

rate for the white female group increased slowly but

persistently throughout 1950-77 (from 4.3 to 5.2 per

100,000). For the white male group the rate rose

between 1950 and 1967-68 (from 6.4 to 8.6 per

100,000) and then turned downward to 8.3 per

100,000 for 1977. For the population of races other

than white, there was a small increase during 1968-77

in the age-adjusted rate for the male group (from 10.4

to 10.5 per 100,000) and a larger increase for the female group (from 6.1 to 6.6 per 100,000).

The downturn in the rate for the white male

group together with the upturn during 1950-67 and

the near stability during 1968-77 of the rate for the

all other male group account for the increase in the

mortality race ratio for the male population–from

0.83 for 1950 to 1.27 for 1977. The greater increase

in the age-adjusted rate for the all other female group

than for the white female group is reflected in the increase in the race ratio for the female population–

from 0.79 for 1950 to 1.27 for 1977 (table O).

Age, race, and sex. –For white men in every 10-

year age group 25-34 through 75-84 years, changes in

the death rates for Malignant neoplasm of pancreas

(ICDA No. 157) generally were upward during

1950-67. The direction was reversed, however, during

1968-77 for age groups 25-34 through 65-74 years.

For the age group 75-84 years the upturn in the rate

continued throughout 1968-77 (table 14). The percent decrease in the rates was greatest for the younger

age groups of white men.

For men of races other than white, age-specific

rates after rising quite steadily during the 1950’s and

early 1960’s also exhibited either a leveling off or a

clear downward trend in the younger age groups, but

in age group 55-64 and above the trend continued

generally upward throughout 1950-77 (table 14).

For white and all other women the death rate for

this cause generally was upward throughout the entire

period 1950-77 for all 10-yesr age groups. These

changes in trends for the age-specific rates did not

alter the long observed pattern of increased risk of

dying from Malignant neoplasm of pancreas (ICDA

No. 157) with advancing age. The death rate for the

cohort of white men born during 1903-07, for example, rose from 6.0 per 100,000 when they were 45+9

years of age in 1952 to 68.1 per 100,000 when they

Table O. Mortality sax ratios by race and mortality race ratios by sex for Malignant naoplasm of pancreas and Malignant

naoplasm of kidnay: Unitad Statas, specif ied yaara during 1950-77

[Numbars after causes of death ere category numbers of the Eighth Revision International Claeaification of Diseases,Adepted for Uae in the United

S- 1965 (lCDA). The yaars 195S and 1968 were the first years, respectively, in which the Seventh and Eighth Revisions were in use In the

United States. For 1950 and 1957 the Sixth Revision waa in use] —

Mortality sex Mortality race

ratio by race ratio by sax

Cause of death and year

Whitel All Male2 Female2 other!

Malignant neoplasm of pancreas (157)

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.60 1.59 1.27 1.27

1868 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.72 1.70 1.21 1.22

1867 . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.76 1.62 1.13 1.22

1958 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.65 1.60 1.12 1.15

1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.63 1.72 1.08 1.02

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.49 1.56 0.83 0.79

Malignant neoplasm of kidney (189.0-189.2)

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.24 2.07 0.76 0.82

1888 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.12 2.58 0.86 0.71

1867 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.06 2.23 0.83 0.76

1958 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.88 2.00 0.75 0.71

1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.88 2.09 0.72 0.65

1950 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.76 1.42 0.61 0.75

‘Tha rata-spacific age-adjusted death rate for tha specifled year for the male population dividad by tha corresponding race-spacif ic death rate for the

femele population.

2The ~x-wecif~c ag~adju+d death rate for the ~ecif ied year for the population of racesother than white divided by tha corresponding sOX-SpOCifiC

rate for the white population.

34
were 70-74 years of age in 1977 (table P). Similar increases with advancing age were observed for men of

other races and for both white and all other women.

With few interruptions the mortality sex ratio decreased with advancing age for both the white population and the population of all other races. Although

this pattern was similar for 1977 and 1968, there was

a decrease in the sex ratios for most 10-year age

groups during the period.

Malignant neoplasm of kidney

Total mortality. –The number of deaths from Malignant neoplasm of kidney (ICDA Nos. 189.0-189.2)

was 152,676 for 1950-77–with 32,908 deaths for

1950-57, 53,263 for 1958-67, and 66,505 for

1968-77. The unadjusted rate for this cause increased,

at a decelerating rate, from 2.4 per 100,000 for 1950

to 3.4 per 100,000 for 1977 (table 15). No appreciable part of these increases results from revisions of

the International Classification of Diseases.

Part of these increases in the unadjusted rate may

be attributed to the aging of the population: for the

age-adjusted rate rose from 2.2 -per .100,000 for

1950 to only 2.6 per 100,000 for 1977 (table N).-The

average annual percent increases for age-adjusted

death rates for these three periods declined-from 1.3

percent for 1950-57 to 0.5 percent for 1958-67 and

to 0.4 percent for 1968-77 (table C).

Race and sex.–The increases between 1950 and

1977 in the age-adjusted rate for Malignant neoplasm

of kidney (ICDA Nos. 189.0-189.2) reflect disparate

changes in the age-adjusted rates for the four race-sex

groups. For the white male group the average annual

increase in the age-adjusted rate was 1.9 percent for

1950-57, 1.0 for 1958-67, and 0.6 for 1968-77 (table

C). Throughout 1950-77 the white male group had

higher age-adjusted rates for this cause than did the

other three race-sex groups (tables 15 and N).

For the all other male group the age-adjusted rate

for this cause (which was higher throughout 1950-77

than those for their female counterparts) increased

4.4 percent annually for 1950-57, increased 2.1 percent annually for 1958-67, and decreased 0.7 percent

annually for 1968-77 (table C).

For the white female group the age-adjusted rate

Table P. Death ratas for Malignant neoplasm of pancreasfor cohort born 1903-07, by reca, sax, and age at daath: United States,

5-year intervals during 1952-77

[For 1972 and 1977 rates are besad on ‘deatha assigned to cetagory number 157 of the Eighth Ravision International Classification of Diseases,

Adapted for Use in the United States, 1965 (i CDA); for 1962 and 1967 and for 1952 and 1957, on deaths assignedto category number 167 of

the Seventh and Sixth Revisions, adoptad by the World Health Organization, respectively, in 1955 and 194S]

Age at death Death rate

Race, sax, and year of death from Malignant neoplasm of pancreas

(in years) for per

cohort born 100,000

1903-07 population

White men

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-74 68.1

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65-69 52.0

1867 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60-64 36.8

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55-59 22.6

1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-54 11.8

1952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45-49 6.0

All othar man

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-74 84.1

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65-69 57.1

1867 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60-64 48.1

1862 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55-59 24.8

1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-54 14.6

1952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45-49 9.4

Whitawomen

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-74 43.3

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65-69 30.7

1967 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60-64 20.1

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55-59 11.4

1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-54 6.6

1952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4549 2.9

All other women

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-74 58.4

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65-69 31.9

1967 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60-64 25.9

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55-59 17.8

1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-54 10.8

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46-49 5.2

35
increased between 1950 and 1957 (from 1.6 to 1.7

per 100,000) and remained at about the 1957 level

throughout 1958-77 (tables 15 and B). The all other

female group had the lowest age-adjusted rate among

the four race-sex groups throughout 1950-77. For the

all other female group the rate rose from 1.2 to 1.4

per 100,000 population (tables 15 and B). The mortality sex ratio for the white population increased

steadily from 1.75 for 1950 to 2.24 for 1977 (table O), reflecting the rise of the age-adjusted death

rate for the male group and the relative stability of

the rate for the female group (table 15).

For races other than white the mortality sex ratio

was lower in 1950 than that for the white population,

but it increased more rapidly and exceeded the ratio

for the white population for all other years shown in

table O except for 1977.

The mortality race ratio for both the male and female populations increased between 1950 and 1977,

but for 1977 was still considerably less than 1.00, indicating that the male and female groups of the white

population continued throughout 1950-77 to have

higher age-adjusted rates than did the respective

groups in the population of races other than white

(table 15).

Age, race, and sex.–For most 10-year age groups

45-54 through 75-84 years of age for white and all

other men and women, death rates for Malignant neoplasm of kidney (ICDA Nos. 189.0-189.2) were upward throughout 1950-77 (tables 15). Cohort (or

generation) age curves show that there was also increased risk of dying from this cause with advancing

age (table Q).

Men had higher death rates for Malignant neoplasm of kidney (ICDA Nos. 189.0-189.2) than

women. This was true for 6oth the white and all

other populations for every 10-year age group in the

span 35-44 through 75-84 years for both 1968 and

1977. For the white population in both years and for

the all other population in 1968 the percent difference was greatest for age group 45-54 years; for the

all other population in 1977 it was greatest for age

Table Q. Death rates for Malignant neoplasm of kidnay for cohort tmrn 1903-07, by race, sex, and age at death: United States,

5-year intervals during 1952-77

[For 1972 and 1977 rates are based on deaths assignad to category numbers 189.0-189.2 of the Eighth Revision International Classification of

Diseases,Adapted for Use in the United States, 1965 (lCDA); for 1962 and 1967 and for 1952 isnd 1957, on deaths assignedto category number

180 of the Saventh and Sixth Revisions, edoptad by the World Haalth Organization, respectively, in 1955 and 194S]

Age at death Death rate

Rata, sax, and year of death from Malignant neoplasm of kidney (in years) for

cohort born 10%OO

1903-07 population

White man

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-74 26.6

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65-69 21.1

1967 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60-64 14.0

1862 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55-59 9.2

1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-54 6.5

1952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4649 3.6

All other man

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-74 16.4

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65-69 13.0

1887 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60-64

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13.2

55-59 7.0

1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-54 6.1

1952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45-49 3.4

White woman

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-74 12.5

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65-69

1867 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.7

60-64

1862 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55-59 :::

1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-54 2,9

1952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45-49 1.1

All other women

1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-74 8.9

1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65-69 7,1

1867 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60-64 5.6

1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55-59 5.5

1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-54 1.8

1952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45-49 1.5

36
group 55-64 years. In 1977 the death rate for men at 45 years and smaller for those in the age span 45-74

ages 45-54 years was 2.5 times that for women for years. For races other than white the ratios were the

both the white and all other groups. same in both years for the age group 25-34 years and

The mortality sex ratio was greater in 1977 than smaller in 1977 than in 1968 for the age groups 35

in 1968 for the white population in age groups under years and over.

37
References

lpublic Health Service: Smoking and Health. Report of the

Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public

Health Service. PHS Pub. No. 1103. Washington. U.S.

Government Printing Office, 1964.

2National Center for Health Statistics: Mortality from diseases

associated with smoking: United States, 1950-64, by A. Joan

Klebba, M.A. Vita/ and Health Statistics. PHS Pub. No. 1000-

Series 20-No. 4. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct. 1966.

3Public Health Service: Smoking and Health. A Report of the

Surgeon General. DHEW Publication No. (PHS) 79-50066.

Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979.

4Public Health Service: The Health Consequences of Smoking– The Changz”ngCigarette. A Report of the Surgeon General. DHHS (PHS) 81-50156. Washington. U.S. Government

Printing Office, 1981.

5Public Health Service: The Health Consequences of Smoking

for Women. A Report of the Surgeon General. DHHS (PHS).

Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980.

6National Center for Health Statistics: Eighth Revision International Classification of Diseases, Adapted for Use in the

United States. PHS Pub. No. 1693. Public Health Service.

Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1965.

7National Center for Health Statistics: Comparability of

mortality statistics for the Seventh and Eighth Revisions of

the International Classification of Diseases: United States, by

A. Joan Klebba and Alice B. Dolman. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 2-No. 66. DHEW Pub. No. (HRA) 76-1340. Health

Resources Administration. Washington. U.S. Government

Printing Office, Oct. 1975.

8National Center for Health Statistics: Mortality trends for

leading causes of death, United States, 1950-69, by A. Joan

Klebba, Jeffrey D. Maurer, and Evelyn J. Glass. Vital and

Health Statistics. Series 20-No. 16. DHEW Pub. No. (HRA) 74-

1853. Health Resources Administration. Washington. U.S.

Government Printing Office, March 1974.

9Public Health Service: Proceedings of the Conference on the

Decline in Corona~ Heart Disease Mortality. NIH Pub. No.

79-1610. National Institutes of Health. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, May 1979.

10World He~th Orgtiation: Manual of the ~nternatiOnal

Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of

Death. Based on the Recommendations of the Seventh Revision Conference, 1955. Geneva. World Health Organization,

1957.

1lworld He~th organization: Manual of the International

Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of

Death. Based on the Recommendations of the Eighth Revision Conference, 1965. Geneva. World Health Organization,

1967.

12~blic He~th Semice: End Results in Cancer, ReportNo. 4.

DHEW Pub. No. (NIH) 73-272. National Cancer Institute.

Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972.

13National Center for Health Statistics: Changes in cigarette

smoking and current smoking practices among adults: United

States, 1978, by Abigail Jean Moss. Advance Data from Vital

and Health Statistics, No. 52. DHEWPub. No. (PHS) 79-1250.

Hyattsville, Md., Sept. 1979.

38
Selected bibliography

Haenszel. W.. Skirnkin. M. B.. and Miller. H. P.: Tobacco

Smoking Pat~ern; in the United States. pub~ic Health Monograph No, 45. PHS Pub. No. 463. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1956. pp. 1-111.

National Center for Health Statistics: Comparability of

mortality statistics for the Sixth and Seventh Revisions,

United States, 1958, by M. M. Faust and A. B. Dolman. Vital

Statistict–Special Reports, Vol. 51, No. 4. Public Health

Service. Washington, D.C., Mar. 1965.

39
List of detailed tables

1. Death rates for All causes, by age, race, and sex; and corresponding age-adjusted rates: United States, 1860-77. . . . . .

2. Death rates for Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus, and

lung, by age, race, and sex; and corresponding age-adjusted

rates: United States, 1860-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. Death ratas for, Malignant neoplasm of larynx, by aga, race,

and sex; and corresponding age-adjusted ratas: United States,

1860-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4. Death rates for Malignant neoplasm of lip, by age, raca, and

sex; and corresponding age-adjusted rates: United States,

1860-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5. Death rates for Chronic and unqualified bronchitis, by age,

race, and sex; and corresponding age-adjusted rates: Unitad

States, 1960-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6. Death rates forlschemic heart disease, byaga, race, and sex;

and corresponding age-adjusted rates: United States,

1860-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7. Death rates for Cirrhosis of liver, by age, race, andsex; and

corresponding aga-adjusted rates: Unitad Statas,1960-77. . .

8. Death rates for Emphysema and Chronic obstructive lung disease, without mention of asthma, bronchitis, oremphysema,

by ege, rata, andsex; and corresponding age-adjusted rates:

UnitedStates, 1860-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9.

41

10.

43

11.

45

12.

47

13.

49

14.

51

15.

53

55

Death rates for Peptic ulcer, by age, raca, andsex; andcorresponding age-adjusted ratas: Unitad States, 1860-77 . . . . 57

Death rates for Malignant neoplasm of esophagus, by age,

rata, and sex; and corresponding age-adjusted rates: United

States, 1860-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Death rates for Malignant neoplasm of buccal cavity and

pharynx, excluding lip, by aga, race, and sex; and correspondingaga-adjusted rates: United States, 1860-77 . . . . . . . . . 61

Daath rates for Malignant neoplasm of bladder, byage, raca,

and sex; and corresponding age-adjusted rates: United States,

1860-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Death rates for specifiad noncoronary cardiovascular diseasas,

andcorresponding age-adjustad rates, by race and sax: United

Statas, 1860-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Death rates for Malignant naoplasm ofpancreas, byage, raca,

and sex; and corresponding age-edjusted rates: United States,

1950-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Death rates for Malignant neoplasm of kidney, by age, race,

and sex; and corresponding ege-adjusted rates: United States,

1950-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

40
Tablel. Daathrmes for Allcwws, ~w, rwrandwx; andcormspondi~ ~tijutid rmes:United Statas, l%&77

[ For method of age adjustment, see appendix I]

Reae, sex, and year

Both sexes

19741 .............................................................................................

19731 ............................................!................................................

1972112 ..........................................................................................

19711 .............................................................................................

19701 .,.,.........................................................................................

White, male

19771

19761 ,9751 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.:::::::::

................,..,,,.!...,,. ...............................................................

All cnhe,, male

19M ...............................................................................................

19633 .............................................................................................

19623 .............................................................................................

1961 ................................................................................................

1960 ...............................................................................................

All

ages

S7S.1

889.6

886.5

915.1

940.2

943.2

934.7

945.3

954.4

967.9

937.6

952.6

944.6

940.7

962.2

945.6

929.6

964.7

998.2

,010.4

,015.3

,041.6

,071.2

,077.3

,069.8

,086.7

,097.1

,112.7

,083.9

,096.0

,087.6

,080.7

,103.3

,084.6

,070.8

,098.6

967.1

983.6

999.1

,036.3

,064.6

,101.3

,094.1

,115.9

,145.5

,169.1

,101.1

,136.5

,121.3

,120.5

,156.5

,120.5

,)86.1

,162.0

25-34

years

136.2

136.2

143.2

146.8

153.6

153.9

156.5

157.4

166.7

157.2

151.9

153.0

150.8

161.6

148.1

144.9

143.3

146.4

165,9

161.7

169.1

170.6

177.6

172.5

174.4

176.6

178.9

175.4

169.9

169.8

167.7

169.1

165.7

161.3

156.5

163.2

396.8

!1 0.5

M4.6

$67.6

198.6

514.2

516.1

K14.1

511.9

512.6

!67.6

147.4

125.4

117.4

195.6

182.6

181.6

186.4

35-44

years

247.5

254.1

266.8

278.6

295.9

302.1

307.5

314.5

321.4

319.8

309.7

309.9

307.4

306.1

303.4

298.4

292.6

299.4

276.6

283.7

295.8

305.1

324.4

325.4

334.9

343.5

349.3

346.3

340.5

339.9

336.5

336.3

334.6

331 .G

325.9

332.6

571:7

592.4

736.1

768.7

315.7

368.4

352.8

373.5

314.5

399.5

333.6

330.8

302.3

/98.6

755.7

735.1

122.7

729.2

45-54

years

55-s4

years

1

65-74 75-64

years years

Rate par 100,000 population

620.7

634.8

649.6

675.0

697.4

710.4

710.2

730.0

732,5

751.3

736.3

749.5

746.6

746.3

752.4

743.8

732.4

756.0

747.8

765.9

790.2

820.3

839.7

861.4

860.6

862.9

891.3

912.1

900.9

917.6

912.4

908.2

923.3

914.4

901.4

932.2

,354.5

,402.5

,418.9

,499.7

,591.5

,639.2

,572.0

,646.1

,660.7

,704.9

,606.9

,631.2

,595.0

,575.2

,587.5

,529.5

,470.1

,561.0

1,434.9

1,475.6

1,495.5

1,549.2

1,611.9

1,631.1

1,622.8

1,658.8

1,661.3

1,704.4

1,657.2

1,885.3

1,683.4

1,669.1

1,721.7

1,691.8

1,675.2

1,735.1

1,848.9

1,915.5

1,954.5

2,026.1

2,118.2

2,169.6

2,14,5.1

2,202.6

2,204.7

2,249.5

2,204.4

2,235.0

2,213.5

2,202.4

2,227.2

2,181.3

?,166.2

?,225.2

!,772.7

?,812.3

?,806.6

?,942.3

1,089.5

1,073.2

1,013.1

1,046.6

1,126.6

1,265.0

1,013.6

),127.0

1,110.0

1,142.6

1,191.0

1,081.4

1,000.1

1,151.5

3,055.6

3,127.6

3,1 S9.2

3.327.6

3,440.0

3,526.9

3,486.2

3,582.7

3,632.7

3,724.0

3,624.6

3.702.0

3,662.6

3,684.4

3,792.6

3,738.0

3,690.7

3,822.1

4,161.3

4,281.1

4,356.8

4,509.6

4,653.9

4,746.7

4,696.5

4,810.1

4,861.7

4,970.6

4,817.1

4,879.7

4,826.7

$,796.0

6,903.7

t,786.O

$,712.5

4,848.4

t,682.2

1,852.8

t,970.8

5,265.0

5,456.7

5,490.1

;,377.6

5,474.4

5,630.6

$,808.6

5,448.2

;,656.8

j,488. 1

j,369.4

i,828.6

i,556.7

i,433.2

i,6S4.O

7,181.9

7,331.6

7,359.2

7,654.8

7,932.1

7,8S6.4

7,656.6

8,004.4

8,087.5

8,283.5

8,093.6

8,354.4

8,358.6

8,317.0

8,631.9

8,500.4

8,399.2

8,745.2

9,440.7

9,595.0

9,608.1

9,903.1

0,214.3

0,227.3

0.027.1

0,096.8

0,147.2

0,300.3

0,040.7

0,255.8

0,238.2

0,064.2

0,364.8

0,120.2

0,004.0

0,299.6

8,783.8

8,652.1

B,604.9

B,555.6

8,965.7

B,939.7

3,746.0

B,981 .0

3,123.4

3,194.6

B,624.5

3,947.6

3,733.5

3.473.8

3,887.3

3,448.4

3,015.1

3,582.6

85 yaars

and ovar

14,725.9

15,486.9

15,187.9

16,532.8

17,428.4

17,351.8

17,426.4

16,344.9

18,821.8

19,682.7

19,223.2

19,981.2

20,069.0

19,924.2

20,991.1

20,489.1

19,634.3

19,857.5

18,041.7

18,767.6

18,257.9

f9,543.7

20.436.1

20,266.2

20,420.4

18,551.7

21,593.7

22,371.2

22,013.2

22,586.0

22,733.6

22,191.5

23,408.5

22,723.1

21,580.1

21,760.0

11,288.1

11,519.1

11,693.8

12,782.5

13,605.7

13,325.5

13,351.0

11,405.2

14,102.3

I5,512.2

14,653.8

6,233.3

6,761.6

5,628.1

8,368.2

7,213.8

6,113.3

5,238.7

Age.

adjusted

rate

612.3

627.5

638.3

666.2

692.9

701.8

699.9

714.3

726.5

743.8

725.6

742.2

739.0

739.4

756.9

745.5

735.6

780.9

781.5

798.8

812.7

643.0

874.1

683.2

878.4

893.4

908.1

924.7

903.3

917.7

911.1

905.2

922.2

904.6

892.2

917.7

1,045.9

1,072.1

1,087.6

1,149.1

1,208.7

1,227.2

1,210.7

1,231.4

1,273.1

1,294.4

1,212.4

1,243.3

1,217.2

1,206.5

1,239.7

1,191.4

1,156.7

1,211.0

See footnotes at end of table.

41
Tablel. Detihrates for Allcwms, ww, rm, Mdwx; adcormWdiw W4justi rti Uniti St*s,l_77-tin.

[ For method of age adjustment, aee appendix II

Race, sex, and year

White, female

19771 .............................................................................................

19761 .............................................................................................

19751 .............................................................................................

1974~ .............................................................................................

19731 .............................................................................................

19721*2 ..........................................................................................

19711 .............................................................................................

1970~ .............................................................................................

1%9 ...............................................................................................

l%s ...............................................................................................

1%7 ...............................e...............................................................

1966 ...............................................................................................

1965 ...............................................................................................

1964 ....................................................... .......................................

19633 .............................................................................................

1%23 .............................................................................................

1961 ...............................................................................................

1960 ...............................................................................................

All other, famale

1977~ .............................................................................................

7976~ .............................................................................................

19751 .............................................................................................

1974~ .............................................................................................

19731 .............................................................................................

19721*2 ..........................................................................................

19711 .............................................................................................

19701 .............................................................................................

lw9 ...............................................................................................

1968 ...............................................................................................

1%7 ...............................................................................................

lW6 ...............................................................................................

1%5 ...............................................................................................

lw ................................................!..............................................

lM33 .............................................................................................

19623 .............................................................................................

18s1 ...............................................................................................

lMo ...............................................................................................

Il?xcludes deatha of nonresidenta of the United States.

2Bs~ed on a so.,yer~ent ,sm,)l@ of deaths.

All

ages

783.3

793.6

783.8

S07.6

823.0

821.3

S08.7

812.6

S16.0

S24.0

797.5

809.0

Soo.s

797.0

510.2

797.s

764.2

SOO.9

672.5

680.0

662.5

716.3

755.4

756.5

763.3

775.3

796.4

824.8

7s7.4

S24.0

S22.6

533.4

667.8

551.9

837.4

872.6

25-34

yaars

69.3

70.3

73.3

75.5

79.3

51.0

83.0

64.1

64.0

S2.8

51.7

86:4

55.9

S6.9

S5.6

65.7

64.6

S5.O

146.9

157.s

160.S

184.0

194.1

20S.3

217.s

215.7

227.7

236.7

233.6

236.3

236.7

243.2.

250.1

241.5

244.4

260.0

I I I

36-44 45-54 55-s4” 65-74

years years years years

1 I I

161.9

155.4

164.6

172.1

181.6

187.1

168.8

193.3

18S.5

197.6

193.3

193.2

184.4

193.7

193.5

190.7

165.6

191.1

326.4

340.8

359.9

402.8

439.6

455.1

480.1

490.5

510.2

532.3

504.9

526.3

533.5

530.0

547.2

538.4

625.0

647.3

76-64

years

Rate per 100,000 population

397.4

405.9

414.s

426.4

439.9

444.3

450.6

4S2.9

456.6

470.5

460.3

4s6.1

467.9

454.s

461.4

459.0

453.4

456.S

752.5

772.3

7S0.8

852.2

926.0

928.4

963.S

979.4

I,004.3

1,041.3

1,017.6

I.050.9

1,048.S

1,088.1

I,106.8

1,076.7

I,060.0

1,144.9

920.4

842.0

844.6

973.6

1,000.7

1,001.8

1,003.3

1,014.9

1,002.9

1,02S.5

889.9

1,010.2

1,016.5

1,024.0

1,046.1

1,034.2

1,026.9

1.078.9

1,572.9

1,690.1

1,636.2

1,716.3

1,821.7

1,830.2

1,s26.4

1#666.9

1,970.9

2,066.5

2,000.2

2,064.5

2,179.6

2,276.0

2,369.3

2,352.1

2,332.1

2,408.7

2,070.4

2,114.1

2,152.8

2,252.5

2,324.7

2,416.8

2,366.6

2.470.7

2,503.4

2,562.8

2,633.3

2,588.7

2,560.0

2,610.9

2,679.3

2,672.9

2,s61 .5

2.779.3

2,933.0

3,008.4

3,172.0

3,442.8

3,662,0

3,67S.9

3,630,0

3,675.6

3,7E6.5

3,682.9

3,632.7

3.766.4

3,631.4

3,592.5

3,6S5.8

3,631.4

3,736.5

3,981.4

5,605.1

5,864.6

6,034.7

6,364.6

6,562.2

6,619.6

6,56s.8

8,698.7

6,797.6

6,666.4

6,854.6

7,103.2

7,133.6

7,160.7

7,426.5

7,386.2

7,348,8

7,686.6

6,370.3

6,217.6

5,97s.5

6,015.4

6,281 ,S

6,1 7S.0

6,195.6

6,392.6

6,444.1

6,737.7

6,239.8

6,730.8

6,483.0

6,433.7

6,779.7

6,616.s

6,433.3

6,708.4

I

85 yaws ‘-

and owr

adjustad

rate

14,039.7

14,823.3

14,484.1

15,s45.4

16,665.8

16,657.3

16,628.2

15,960.2

18,178.5

1S,876.5

18,486,0

19,283.5

19,353.7

19,313,0

20,1s4.2

19,749.3

19,086.9

19,477.7

8,673,5

9,175.2

9,177.3

10,342.3

11,115,9

10,939.0

11,271,1

10,266.9

12,067.7

12,867.2

12,050.9

12,977.4

12,688.0

13,422.2

14,361.9

14,155.0

13,532.5

12,S71.2

427.8

438.6

445.3

466,4

463.7

480.8

480,9

501.7

510.s

522,9

513,3

527.1

527.6

531.2

643.3

639,9

535,8

555.0

621.3

635.1

648.3

693.1

736.9

745.0

764.9

770.6

SO0,5

631,3

796.7

631.9

831,4

645,2

661.7

666.9

653,2

683,3

3 F@res by rac~ exclude dais for residents of New Jersey because this Stste did not require reporting Of the item fOr these ye~.

42
Tablo2. Death ratesfor Malignantnmplasrnof treafwa,bronchus,and lung,by age,we, andsex;andcorrespondingqe-edjustedretes UnitedStetes,16S0-77

[For 1968-77 rates are based on deaths esaignedto category number 162 of the E&hth Revision Irrtematiorrai C7aas@carkm of D&easa~ Adapted for Uw in the Urrfted

SWw, 196S (ICDA); for 1960-67 rates are based on deatha assigned to category numbers 162, 163 of the Seventh Revision adopted in 1955. For method of age

adjustment, see ●ppendix 1]

Rac4,sex, and year

Both SEXOS

19771 .................................................................................................................

1Q761 .................................................................................................................

1!3761 .................................................................................................................

19731 ,.,.,,.,..,.,..,.,,. .............................................................................................

1972112 ..............................................................................................................

19711 .................................................................................................................

1269 ................................ ...................................................................................

1968 ...................................................................................................................

1067 ...................................................................................................................

1W4 ,,,,,,,.,.,.,,.,,,.,...............................................................................................

1SS3............................................................... ...................................................

1=1 ...................................................................................................................

lwo ...................................................................................................................

White,mete

19741 .................................................................................................................

19731

19721*2 ,971 ~ "'"::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

....,.,.,.,,.,.,!. ...............................................................................................

19701 .................................................................................................................

1968 ...................................................................................................................

1M6 ...................................................................................................................

1267 ...................................................................................................................

two .,,.,, ,,,,,., ......!.... ...........................................................................................

1864 ...................................................................................................................

1W33 ..............!..................................................................................................

18623.................................................................................................................

White,female

19771.................................................................................................................

19761.................................................................................................................

197s1 .................................................................................................................

19741 .................................................................................................................

19731 .................................................................................................................

19721*2 ..............................................................................................................

19711 .................................................................................................................

1262...................................................................................................................

lm ...................................................................................................................

1967...................................................................................................................

1969...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

gg3 .................................................................................................................

18523 .................................................................................................................

1964...................................................................................................................

woo ...................................................................................................................

All

ages yeers

I I

years

75-64 85 years

I

A2eyears and over adjusted

rate

41.8

40,3

38.5

37.3

35.7

34.9

33.3

32.1

30.7

28.8

27.6

26.3

25.1,

24.0

23.1

22.3

21.3

20.3

36.1

54.3

62.3

60.9

59.0

58.0

56.0

54.6

52.6

51.5

46.3

86.2

!4.4

!2.6

80.7

39.5

36.1

36.4

20.6

19.6

I 7.9

16.6

15.2

14.6

I 3.4

12.3

11.4

I0.7

9.3

8.6

8.0

G

6.6

6.4

5.9

0.8

0>8

0.s

0.8

0.8

0.8

1.0

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

1.0

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.0

0.9

1.0

0.9

0.9

0.8

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.3

1.2

1.4

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.3

1.6

1.3

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

:

0.5

0.5

0.5

10.2

10.1

10.4

10.5

10.5

11.0

10.7

11.0

10.7

10.3

9.4

9.1

6.6

8.4

6.0

7.5

7.2

6.6

11.9

12.6

12.6

13.5

13.6

14.1

14.0

14.7

14.6

13.6

12.9

12.1

12.3

11.7

10.9

10.9

10.3

9.7

6.9

6.4

6.6

6.3

6.1

6.7

5.9

5.8

5.6

5.5

4.6

4.6

4.2

4.1

3.9

3.4

3.4

3.2

Ratepar 100,000population

52.4

50.9

49.7

4S.8

46.9

4s.7

44.4

43.4

41.5

40.6

36.3

36.7

35.8

33.9

32.8

32.0

30.2

29.6

70.3

69.3

69.4

69.0

65.7

66.5

63.5

63.3

61.4

61.3

56.4

57.1

56.9

54.6

62.1

52.7

50.0

49.2

28.7

28.2

26.6

24.6

23.5

24.3

22.3

20.9

18.6

17.6

16.2

14.0

13.8

11.9

11.7

10.4

9.5

9.0

130.4

128.6

124.8

123.5

118.6

115.8

108.3

10s.1

104.5

100.9

93.8

91.5

87.6

%

81.3

78.0

75.3

197.7

196.3

195.0

186.9

192.7

191.3

163.6

166.8

180.2

177.3

1E6.7

164.3

159.4

157.5

149.7

14s.4

143.2

139.2

62.7

60.2

56.3

52.3

47.3

44.3

39.6

37.2

33.8

2s.7

26.0

24.0

21.7

20.0

19.0

16.1

17.0

15.1

209.5

202.1

195.3

1S6.1

163.5

160.5

173.5

164.5

160.9

156.4

145.1

136.9

134.0

126.4

123.9

118.2

113.9

106.1

381.6

372.S

365.6

354.2

353.2

347.5

339.2

325.0

315.9

310.9

269.6

276.3

255.5

252.9

242.1

226.3

221.3

207.5

77.9

72.S

64.9

61.0

55.2

53.6

46.4

42.9

42.2

39.3

34.4

31.7

30.8

2s.1

27.1

26.2

25.9

24.8

225.5

214.5

200.5

195.7

164.6

1ao.o

174.0

163.2

150.3

148.6

138.8

129.3

118.3

114.5

107.9

102.6

96.7

91.5

475.2

452.2

426.7

415.1

388.0

380.4

363.4

336.7

309.7

288.2

283.fj

260.1

237.3

225.1

207.0

193.2

160.6

170.4

79.9

75.7

67.4

64.9

61.2

56.7

55.7

52.6

47.7

50.2

42.4

41.8

37.6

38.9

35.7

35.3

37.2

32.7

144.2

139.6

131.6

129.0

123.3

115.3

119.7

101.7

105.4

104.3

90.5

66.8

64.7

74.8

80.7

72.9

74.0

65.6

314.8

296.9

274.3

268.5

258.0

236.2

245.2

199.6

208.0

195.5

173.6

157.9

157.0

137.2

143.8

127.5

131.6

108.4

72.3

71.0

67.1

65.2

59.4

56.6

60.4

50.6

52.7

55.5

44.3

51.5

44.6

39.0

44.1

41.8

40.7

39.1

32.7

31.6

30.8

30.1

29.1

26.7

27.4

26.6

25.6

24.9

23.2

22.3

21.4

20.6

19.9

19.2

18.4

17.7

53.6

52.7

51.7

51.1

49.6

49.4

47.s

46.8

45.2

44.4

41.7

40.2

38.8

37.5

35.6

34.7

33.3

31.9

14.9

14.2

13.2

12.3

11.4

11.2

10.2

9.5

8.8

6.3

H

6.3

5:8

5.6

5.3

5.1

4.7

% footnotes ●t end of table.

43
Table 2. Death rates for Malignant neoplasm of trwhea, bronchus, and lung, by age, race, and sex; and corresponding wadjusted rates: United States, 1860-77-Con,

[For 1968-77 rates are baaed on deatha amigned to category number 162 of the Eighth Revfafon International C’2aa@7catfonof Dfsaasq Adaptad for Uae in the Unitad

States. 1965 (iCDA); for 1960-67 rates are based on deatha assigned to category numbem 162.163 of the Seventh Revision adouted in 19s5. For method of am

adjustment, see appendm I]

Race, sex, and year

All other, male

1977~ .................................................................................................................

19761 .................................................................................................................

1975~ .................................................................................................................

19741

19731 """"" """"" """""""" """"" """"" """"" """"" """"" """"" """-""""" """"" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

19721*2 ..............................................................................................................

19711 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

19701 .................................................................................................................

199 ...................................................................................................................

1858 ...................................................................................................................

1867 ...................................................................................................................

1866 ...................................................................................................................

1865 ...................................................................................................................

1864...................................................................................................................

18633 .................................................................................................................

18623 .................................................................................................................

1861 ...................................................................................................................

1860 ...................................................................................................................

All othar, famala

19i’i’~

19761 ......... ........................................................................................................

19751 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

19741 .................................................................................................................

1973~ .................................................................................................................

19711 .................................................................................................................

19701 .................................................................................................................

1869 ...................................................................................................................

1867 ...................................................................................................................

1866 ...................................................................................................................

1s65 ...................................................................................................................

19633 .................................................................................................................

16623 .................................................................................................................

1%1 ...................................................................................................................

57.9

3.6

53.1

52.6

50.5

18.5

!5.3

!4.4

%3.7

$1.3

38.5

37.4

33.2

31.5

31.9

28.8

27.6

27.5

13.8

12.5

11.7

11.3

9.6

9.8

8.8

8.2

7.6

6.5

6.3

5.7

5.3

5.3

4.7

4.4

4.3

1.7

1.2

1.3

1.5

1.7

2.1

1.7

.2.1

2.0

2.1

2.4

3.3

1.5

2.2

2.7

2.8

2.2

2.3

0.8

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.6

0.4

0.6

0.4

E

0.8

0.9

0.7

0.5

1.1

0.6

0.8

0.5

23.0

21.3

24.8

24.5

23.4

25.4

25.8

26.7

25.6

25.8

25.3

26.6

22.5

22.7

22.1

18.2

17.6

17.7

9.8

8.0

8.1

::

8.5

9.0

8.6

6.2

7.3

6.2

6.3

5.9

5.2

6.1

4.7

3.8

3.0

Rata per 100,000 population

122.4

119.7

114.6

118.0

121.2

707.3

104.2

105.6

107.5

102.1

93.1

91,2

77.2

77.1

76.9

66.7

64.7

64.2

34.1

32.0

28.3

28.7

28.3

25.4

26.5

21.9

20.1

17.5

16.0

16.6

14.5

12.9

11.7

11.9

10.8

11.1

266.3

278.8

271.5

263.8

256.9

247.9

225.7

216.9

212.4

200.5

186.5

178.8

15s.7

161.1

151.4

140.5

142.1

140.2

60.4

51.1

48.5

50.7

43.5

36.6

36.5

32.6

33.3

30.8

25.3

23.9

23.8

24.0

21.4

22.1

20.3

17.6

3S8.8

362.1

355.6

356.1

322.4

325.6

268.8

281.5

282.6

252.7

236.4

236.2

223.4

1S4.8

200.0

182.7

171.2

167.2

66.0

60.9

59.9

52.0

52.5

46.5

50.5

44.7

41.6

36.6

32.4

32.4

26.9

23.4

27.6

19.1

23.2,

20.1

391.5

351.7

328.1

324.1

311.3

293.8

288.1

261.6

226.6

230.1

208.2

182.1

163.6

136.4

163.6

141.0

122.0

125.4

63.2

65.4

59.0

55.5

51.4

52,5

45.6

50.1

46.2

43.5

35.1

28.5

25.8

28.3

27.1

24.5

16.1

34.0

229.2

213.2

207.8

203.5

196.2

164.7

155.1

144.3

179.5

175.6

174.4

136.1

138.2

116.8

127.6

103.4

100.0

68.3

48.5

52.9

51.6

41.2

47.7

43.9

38.2

43.2

33.8

52,5

36.8

29.6

32.7

35.6

33.3

20.0

22.5

34.8

67.2

63.9

62.5

62.2

60.0

57.7

53.7

52.5

51.7

48.8

45.6

44.4

39.3

37.3

37.6

33.7

32.5

32.2

14.8

13.3

12.5

12.3

11.8

10.5

10.7

9.6

9.0

8.3

7.2

7.1

6.4

6.0

6.0

5.4

5.0

4.9

lE~~lu&~ d~atha of ~onreaident~ of the United states.

2f3wd on a so-percent samPle of deaths.

“~Figur= by raCe&clude data f~~ re~dents of New Je~y ~ecarrse ——.this Stfde did riO~ Ieq&e —.~epOtihIS Oftxex~m”~~i fi~fi~~~ ..-— ..

44
Tabla 3. Death rates for Malignant neoplasm of larynx, by age, reee, and sex; and corresponding age-adjusted rates: United States, 1960-77

[ For 1968-77 rates are based on deatha aaaigned to category number 161 of the Eighth Rev&ion Intemazfonaf Ckr.@7catfon of D&eases, Adapted for U= fn the UrrtSed

States, 1965 (ICDA); for 1960-67 rates are based on deaths assigned to category number 161 of the Seventh Revision adopted in 19SS. For method of ●ge ●djuatment, see appendix 1]

Reca, sex, and year

Both sexes

19771.................................................................................................................

19761 .................................................................................................................

19751 .................................................................................................................

19741 ,., .,,,.,,,.,..,...,..,., ...............i ........................................................................

19731

1972112 ..............................................................................................................

,971 ~ .................................................................................................................

.,,, ,,,, ,,,, ,,.,., .........................................................,...,,., ,,...!.. ......................

19701 .................................................................................................................

1969 ...................................................................................................................

1W8 ..............4......o.........................!...................................................................

1957 ...................................................................................................................

1866...................................................................................................................

1866 ...................................................................................................................

1864 ............!..... .................................................................................................

lm3 ...................................................................................................................

1862 ,.,,.. ,”,,,,....,.,,., ,,,,. .......................................................................................

1961 ...................................................................................................................

1860 ............................!... o..................................................................................

White, male

19771

19781 .................................................................................................................

,9751 ............................................o..................................................................o.

.................................................................................................................

19731 .................................................................................................................

1972112

19/1 1 .................................................................................................................

,9701 ..............................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................

1969 ...................................................................................................................

1968 ...................................................................................................................

lw7 ...................................................................................................................

19M .......o...!.....o...!.............................................................................................

1965 ...................................................................................................................

1964 .m..m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19633 .................................................................................................................

19623 .................................8...............................................................................

1961 ...................................................................................................................

1860 ...................................................................................................................

White, female

1977~ .................................................................................................................

19761 .................................................................................................................

19751 .................................................................................................................

19741 ,,,,,.,,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,., ........................................................................................

19731

19721*2

,971 ~ .................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................

,9701 ..............................................................................................................

.,,.,.,... !....... ...............................................................................................

lw9 ...................................................................................................................

1866...................................................................................................................

19s7 ...................................................................................................................

1966 ................!..................................................................................................

1966 ...................................................................................................................

1W4 ...................................................................................................................

1%33 .................................................................................................................

18s323 .................................................................................................................

1961 ...................................................................................................................

1960 ...................................................................................................................

11 I I I I I

All 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-64

Iges years yeara years years yeara years

Rate wr 100,000 population

1.6 0.0

1.6 0.0

1.5 0.0

1.5 0.0

1.5 0.0

1.5 0.0

1.4 0.0

1.5 0.0

1.5 0.0

1.4 0.0

1.4 0.0

1.3 0.0

1.4 0.0

1.3 0.0

1.4 0.0

1.3 0.0

1.3 0.0

1.4 0.0

2.7 -

2.6 0.0

2.6 0.0

2.7 0.0

2.6 0.0

2.6 0.0

2.6 0.0

2.7 0.0

2.7 0.0

2.6 0.0

2.6 0.0

2.5 0.0

2.5 0.0

2.4 0.0

2.5 0.0

2.4 0.0

2.5 0.0

2.5 0.0

0.5 0.0

0.5 -

0.4 -

0.4 0.0

0.4 -

0.4 0.0

0.4 0.0

0.3 0.0

Q.3 -

D.3 0.0

D.3 0.0

0.3, -

0,3 0.0

0.3 0.0

0.3 -

0.3 0.0

0.3 0.0

0.2 -

0.2

z

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.5

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.6

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

2.1

1.6

1.8

1.9

2.0

1.9

1,9

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.7

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.9

2.9

2.5

2.7

3.0

z

2.7

3.1

2.8

2.9

3.2

2.9

3.0

2.8

3.1

2.9

2.8

3.1

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.4

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.7

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.4

5.3

z

5.4

5.2

5.1

5.3

5.3

5.5

6.1

5.0

4.9

4.7

4.8

4.9

4.7

4.9

4.8

8.5

8.7

8.7

9.2

6.9

8.9

9.4

9.8

10.1

9.7

8.8

9.1

8.6

8.9

8.9

8.7

9.1

8.7

1.7

1.9

1.7

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.1

0.8

1.1

0.6

0.9

0.9

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

7.3

7.5

7.2

7.6

7.0

7.4

7.1

7.3

7.1

7.2

6.9

6.6

7.0

6.5

6.8

6.5

6.9

7.0

14.4

14.7

14.1

15.3

14.1

15.3

14.4

15.2

14.8

14.4

14.1

13.8

14.1

13.4

14,0

12.8

14.0

14.4

1.?

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.0

0.6

1.2

0.8

0.9

1.1

0.9

0.7

8.3

z

7.4

7.4

8.0

7.1

7.7

7.6

7.1

7.9

7.1

7.8

7.4

7.7

;;

8.1

19.7

18.3

19.4

17.6

17.4

18.8

16.9

17.7

17.4

16.0

18.1

15.8

17.3

15.9

16.4

16.6

15.9

17.2

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.4

1.2

1.3

1.0

1.2

1.0

1.1

1.4

1.3

1.5

N

1.4

85 ystara

and owr

7.0

7.8

6.0

6.7

6.6

7.4

6.4

6.1

7.4

7.5

6.7

6.7

7.2

E

6.8

8.1

8.1

19.4

22.3

16.8

18.5

18.1

18.0

15.9

15.2

19.5

18.0

17.1

16.6

17.1

18.3

15.6

15.0

16.4

16.9

1.5

1.8

1.2

1.2

1.1

2.1

1.6

1.5

1.0

2.2

1.3

E

2.5

1.4

2.2

3.3

1.9

Awedjuated

rate

1,2

E

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2,2

2.1

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

H

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

Sea f90tnotes ●t end of table.

45
Table 3. Death rates.for Malignant neoplasm of larynx, by age, race, and sex; and corresponding age-adjusted rates: Unitad Statas, 1960-77–Con.

[ For 1968-’77 rates are based on deaths asaigned to category number 161 of the Eighth Rev&ion International Cla.raiy7car?onof Diseases, Adapted for Use in the United

States 1965 (lCDA): for 1960-67 rates are baaed on deaths asaigned to category number 161 of the Seventh ReviAon adopted in 19S5. For method of age adjustment,”see app&rdix I]

Race, sex, and year

All other, male

19771 .................................................................................................................

19761 .................................................................................................................

19751 ,9741. ................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................

19731 .................................................................................................................

19721.2

19711 .................................................................................................................

,9701 ..............................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................

lw ...................................................................................................................

1868 ...................................................................................................................

1887 ...................................................................................................................

1866 ...................................................................................................................

1%5 ...................................................................................................................

1964 .................................................................................................................$.

18633 .................................................................................................................

18623 .................................................................................................................

1961 ...................................................................................................................

1860 ...................................................................................................................

All other, female

1977~ .................................................................................................................

19761 .................................................................................................................

19751 .................................................................................................................

19741 .................................................................................................................

19731 .................................................................................................................

19721*2 ..............................................................................................................

19711 .................................................................................................................

1970~ .................................................................................................................

1869 ..............................................................................................................$....

1968 ...................................................................................................................

1867 ...................................................................................................................

1966 ...................................................................................................................

1865 ...................................................................................................................

1864 ..................................................................................................................

18633 ................................................................................................................

18623 ................................................................................................................

1861 ..................................................................................................................

1860 ..................................................................................................................

1E~~ludes deaths of nonreaide”ts of the United .StateS.

2Beae(f on a so-percent sample of deatha.

=

All

I I I

I

25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64

years years years years years

—

Rate per 100,000population

3.0

2.9

2.9

3.0

2.9

2.5

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.6

2.4

2.2

2.3

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.2

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.4

o.~

0.4

0.4

o.~

0.4

0.4

0’..

0.3

0’

0::

0.2

0.:

0’..

0.3

0.!

0.1

0.3

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

1.3

2.0

1.9

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.3

1.8

1.6

1.8

1.6

1.2

1.4

0.9

1.6

0,9

1.6

1.3

0.6

0.1

0.3

0.6

0.5

0.1

0.5

0.7

0.9

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.4

H

0.1

0.3

7.6

8.1

7.0

8.6

7.3

6.4

7.7

6.1

6.7

6.9

5.8

6.0

5.9

4.7

5.7

6.3

5.2

5.1

1.5

1.7

1.9

1.5

1.2

2.0

1.2

0.9

1.1

1.8

1.2

1.1

1.2

0.8

0.9

0.6

1.0

1.1

16.6

13.6

14.2

16.7

15.5

12.4

13.3

11.s$

11.2

11.8

12.6

12.0

10.8

11.5

10.0

11.1

10.3

10.9

2.3

2.4

2.8

1.9

1.5

2.3

1.9

1.4

2.2

1.0

2.2

1.3

1.1

1.3

1.7

1.0

1.0

1.3

15.0

17.7

18.5

16.8

16.5

13.8

16.7

14.8

12.8

18.0

14.8

12.3

14.6

13.2

11.7

9.7

11.1

13.0

2.0

3.0

1.4

1.3

1.5

1.8

0.6

1.3

2.3

1.8

1.0

1.2

1.1

0.7

1.0

0.4

1.0

0.4

17.1

16.7

14.7

13.9

16.0

16.3

9.9

14.5

16.5

12.9

12.5

13.4

11.4

12.8

6.7

6.8

10.1

13.3

0.6

0.3

2.2

1.3

0.3

1.1

2.0

1.2

0.4

2.2

1.4

0.9

1.5

3.6

1.1

0.6

0.6

19.4

8.8

7.8

10.6

13.2

19.6

10.2

9,0

15.9

9.8

10.3

2.8

8.8

6.3

3.4

13.3

19.1

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.3

1.5

1.6

1.9

2.2

2.5

7.4

Age

adjusted

rate

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.6

3.4

3.0

3.2

2.9

2.9

3.1

2.9

2.7

2.7

2.5

2.4

2,4

2.4

2.6

0.6

0.6

0,6

0.5

0.4

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.2

0.3

0.3

3F,gureg by race ~xclurje data for regidenta of New Jersey because this State did not require rePort@ of the item for these ye~.

.

46
Table 4. Death ratas for Malignant neoplasm of lip, by age, rste, and sex; and corresponding age-adjusted rates: United States, 1850-77

[ For 1968-77 rates are based cm deaths assigned to category number 140 of the EighthRevfsfon ZrrtemaifondChrssfficationof Diseases,Adapted for Use in rhe United

Slates. 196 S (ICDA); for 1960-67 rates ma based on deaths assigned to category number 140 of the Seventh Revision adopted in 1955. For method of age adjustment,”see app&rdix 1]

Race, sex, and year

All

ages

Both sexes

19771

19761,,,,,,..........................................................................................................

19751 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

19741 .................................................................................................................

19731

19721*2 ..............................................................................................................

,971 ~ .................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................

19701 .................................................................................................................

1869 ,,, ,,,, ,,. ,,, ,,, ,., ,., .............................................................................................

1868 ...................................................................................................................

1867 .............................. .....................................................................................

1866 ...................................................................................................................

1865 ...................................................................................................................

lw .................................$.................................................................................

1863 ...................................................................................................................

1962 ...................................................................................................................

1861 ...................................................................................................................

1860 ...................................................................................................................

White, male

19771 .................................................................................................................

19761 .................................................................................................................

19751 .................................................................................................................

19741 .................................................................................................................

19731

19721*2 ..............................................................................................................

,971 ~ ............................................................................c....................................

.,, ,.............................................................................................................

19701 .................................................................................................................

1%9 ...................................................................................................................

1868 ...................................................................................................................

1967 ...................................................................................................................

1866 ...................................................................................................................

18623 .,,.,.,, ,..,, ,.0,,,.,, ..,...... ..................................................................................

1961...................................................................................................................

lwo ................i ....oo..o......o..!l!......................................o......................................

White, female

19771

19761 .................................................................................................................

,9751 .................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................

19731 .................................................................................................................

1972112 ..............................................................................................................

19711 .................................................................................................................

19701 .................................................................................................................

1969 ...................................................................................................................

1*8 .,.,, ,,,, ..........................................................................................................

18s7 ...................................................................................................................

Iw ..........................................................o.....!.. !..........................!....................

1864...............................o...! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18633 0.,..............................................................................................................

18623 ........................................................!........................................................

1861 ...................................................................................................................

1860 ...................................................................................................................

—

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

I I I 1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

Rate per 100,000 population

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.5

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.3

0.3

0.3

.0.3

0.4

0.2

0.5

0.3

0.5

0.5

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.8

0.7

0.9

0.5

1.1

0.6

1.0

1.1

0.7

0.6

0.8

0.6

1.1

1.0

1.3

1.0

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.8

0.5

0.8

0.8

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.9

1.1

0.8

0.5

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.6

1.4

1.5

1.9

1.2

1.9

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.1

2.3

2.7

2.0

1.1

1.8

2.2

2.2

2.3

3.3

3.0

3.4

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.2

0.2

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.7

2.9

2.4

2.8

2.7

2.4

2.2

2.1

3.7

2.3

3.6

3.5

3.6

3.9

3.2

3.3

4.0

3.4

4.2

6.2

6.4

7.5

6.5

5.7

5.1

4.7

8.5

4.8

9.3

9.4

8.5

0.5

0.2

0.3

0.1

0.2

0.6

1.3

0.6

0.8

0.9

0.7

0.8

0.8

1.2

1.1

0.5

0.4

0.9

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

47
Table 4. Death rates for Melignant neoplasm of lip, by age, race, and sax; end corresponding aga-edjustad rates: United States, 1880-77-Con.

[ For 1968-77 rates are based on deaths assigned to category number 140 of the Eighth Revision Itstemational Clasaijlcatirxs of Dis.oa%, Adap2ed for Wanin the Unirad

Sti&J, 196S (ICDA); for 1960-67 ratea are based on deaths aseigned to category number 140 of the Seventh Revision adopted in 19ss. For method of age adju~tment, see appendix I]

Reca, sex, and yaar

All other, male

19771 .........................................................................................................$.......

19781 .................................................................................................................

19751 .................................................................................................................

1974~ .................................................................................................................

19731 .................................................................................................................

1972112 ..............................................................................................................

19711 .................................................................................................................

19701 .................................................................................................................

1989 ...................................................................................................................

1988 ...................................................................................................................

1887 ...................................................................................................................

1W8 ...................................................................................................................

1s55 ..................................................................................................................-

1984 ...................................................................................................................

18833 ............................................................!..................................@.................

19623 .................................................................................................................

1s1 ...................................................................................................................

1980 ...................................................................................................................

All other, female

1977~ .................................................................................................................

1976~ ........................................................... .....................................................

1975~ .................................................................................................................

19741.................................................................................................................

19731

19721,2 ................................................................................................. ............

,971 ~ .................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................

1970~ .................................................................................................................

W68 ...................................................................................................................

1888 ...................................................................................................................

lM7 ...................................................................................................................

Im ...................................................................................................................

1%5 ...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

;%3 .................................................................................................................

18823 .................................................................................................................

I*I ...................................................................................................................

Iwo ...................................................................................................................

1E~~ludes death$ of nontesidenw of the United States.

2Bas..d on a SO-nercentsamDle of deaths.

All

—

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

o.a

0.1

o.a

o.a

o.a

o.a

O.c

o.a

o.a

O.c

O.c

O.c

O.c

0.(

0.(

0.1

O.c

0.(

0.( —

25-34

years

.

0.1

35-44 45-54 55-84 65-74 75-84 85 yaars

Ageyears years years years years and over

adjustad

rate

Rate per 100,000 population

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.3

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.3

0.4

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.3

0.2

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.2

0.5

0.7

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.2

0.4

0.5

1.0

0.5

0.6

Q.6

0.6

1.2

0.6

0.7

0.3

0.3

0.7

1.1

0.9

0,5

0.6

1.4

1.5

4.1

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.1

0.8

1.1

1.3

2.0

2A

2.5

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

3Ngum5 by ,ac~ exclude da~a for residen~ of New Jersey because this State did not require ICpOItfngof the item for these YeaIS.

48
Table 5. Death rates for Chronic and unqualified bronchitis, by age, race, and sex; and corresponding age-adjusted rates: United States, 1960-77

[ For 1968-77 rates are baaed on deaths assigned to category numbers 490, 491 of the Eighth Rev&ion Intemationaf ChusiJ7cation of Dfserr.ses,Adapted for Use in the

United Stases, 196S (ICDA); for 1960-67 rates are baaed on deaths assigned to category numbers 501, 502 of the Seventh Revision adopted in 19S5. For method

of age adjustment, see appendix I]

Race, sex, and yaar

Both saxes

19771 .......................................................................................................................

19761 ........................................................................................................................

19751 .......................................................................................................................

19741 .......................................................................................................................

19731 .......................................................................................................................

19721*2 ....................................................................................................................

19711 .......................................................................................................................

lw9 .........................................................................................................................

lw .........................................................................................................................

1967 .........................................................................................................................

lwo ........................................................................................................................

1*5 ...............................o.........................................................................................

lw ..................m............................m.........................................................................

1863 .........................................................................................................................

lm2 .........................................................................................................................

lwl .........................................................................................................................

White, mela

1977~

19761 .......................................................................................................................

.9751 .......o...............................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................

1974~ .......................................................................................................................

19731.......................................................................................................................

19721,2.. ..................................................................................................................

19711 .......................................................................................................................

1970~ .......................................................................................................................

1967 .........................................................................................................................

lw .........................................................................................................................

1965 .........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

,;~3 .......................................................................................................................

1SMS23.......................................................................................................................

Whita, female

1977~ .......................................................................................................................

197s1.......................................................................................................................

19741.......................................................................................................................

1973~...,. ..................................................................................................................

19721*2 ....................................................................................................................

79711 .......................................................................................................................

10701.......................................................................................................................

1969.........................................................................................................................

1966.........................................................................................................................

1%4.........................................................................................................................

lg@ . ..... .... ... .. .... ..... ... ... .... .. ..... .... ... .... .... .... ... ..... ... ... .. ... .... .... .... .... ... ...... .. .... .... .... .

19623 .......................................................................................................................

1961.........................................................................................................................

T

All 25-34 3544 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-s4 85 years Ageages yaars years yaars years years years and over

adjusted

rate

Rate par 100,000 population

2.C

.

;;

2.4

2.6

2.8

2.7

2.9

2.9

3.1

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.3

2.3

1.9

1.7

1.8

2.9

3.2

3.4

3.7

4.1

4.4

4.3

4.6

4.7

5.0

4A

4.4

4.1

3.8

3.7

3.0

2.6

2.7

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.1

::

0.6

0.9

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.5

Y4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0,4

0.4.

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.5

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

E

0.2

0.2

0.9

1.1

1.0

1.3

1.3

1.7

1.5

1.8

1.9

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.2

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.8

1.4

2.1

1.8

2.2

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.2

2.3

2.0

1.7

1.5

1.7

0.6

0.9

0.9

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.5

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.5

0.6

3.6

4.0

4.5

4.7

5.2

5.6

5.8

6.3

6.1

7.0

6.0

5.9

5.5

5.0

4.7

4.1

3.6

3.6

4.9

5.8

6.6

6.7

8.0

9.0

9.4

10.1

10.1

11.4

10.1

9.9

9.6

8.8

8.9

7.4

6.1

6.0

2.6

2.6

2.9

3.1

3.0

2.8

3.0

3.1

2.7

3.3

2.6

2.6

2.1

1.7

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.3

9.6

10.2

10.8

12.0

13.1

15.1

14.0

14.4

14.9

16.0

13.8

13.9

13.0

12.1

12.1

9.6

8.2

8.8

16.5

18.0

19.2

21.9

23.9

27.3

26.3

27.4

28.9

30.2

28.6

27.2

25.4

23.7

23.4

18.3

15.1

16.1

5.3

5.2

5.4

5.3

6.3

6.9

5.7

5.8

5.3

6,2

4.7

4.4

4.0

3.6

3.4

2.7

2.6

2.9

17.8

19.4

19.9

22.7

24.7

24.0

24.3

25.7

25.4

27.4

23.8

23.1

20.7

19.2

19.2

15.6

13.1

13.5

33.5

37.5

39.6

45.0

49.3

49.0

46.6

52.4

50.0

54.0

47.5

46.5

39.3

35.4

34.7

28.9

23.2

23.5

9.7

10.2

9.7

10.6

11.1

10.2

10.3

10.1

10.5

11.2

8.9

8.6

9.0

::

F4

6.7

25.9

30.3

26.7

29.0

37.6

33.7

33.8

31.8

40.2

43.2

33.6

34.0

31.6

32.8

35.0

27.9

21.9

25.4

43.7

56.1

57.0

57.1

71.0

62.5

63.9

%.5

70.6

78.2

80.5

86.0

56.4

57.5

53.6

42.5

33.0

36.3

20.4

21.1

14.7

16.0

23.9

20.7

20.5

20.8

27.5

27.3

21.9

20.0

18.4

20.7

28.0

18.3

15.2

19.6

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.9

2.1

2.0

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.1

2.1

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.5

1.3

1.4

2.1

2.4

2.6

2.9

3.2

3.5

3.4

3.7

3,6

4.0

3.6

3.6

3.3

3.1

3.1

2.5

2.1

2.2

0.9

0.9

0.9

1.0

I’.o

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.1

0.9

0.9

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.7

8ee footnotas ●t end of table.

49
Table 5. Daeth ratas for Chronic and unqualified bronchitis, by age, race, and sex; and corresponding age-adjusted retas: United Stete$, lW3-77-Con.

[For 1968-+7 retee are baaed on deaths assigned to category numbers 490, 491 of the E&hth Revision International CXa#@eation of Diaeaaaa,Adapted for Uae in ifse

United Statu, 1965 (ICDA); for 1960.67 rates are baaed on deaths assigned to category numbers S01, S02 of the Seventh Revision adopted in 1955. For method

of age adjustment, see appendix I]

Reca, sex, and year

All other, male

1977~

19761 .......................................................................................................................

1975~::::::-::::::; :::::::::::::::;;-:::::::::;;::::::

1974~ .......................................................................................................................

19731

19721*2 ....................................................................................................................

1971 l:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.

1970~ .......................................................................................................................

ls9 .........................................................................................................................

lm .........................................................................................................................

lw7 ............... ..........................................................................................................

lm .........................................................................................................................

1865 .........................................................................................................................

lw .........................................................................................................................

lM33 .......................................................................................................................

1s623 .......................................................................................................................

lw .........................................................................................................................

All other, female

19771 ..................................................................!.!... ...............................................

19761 .......................................................................................................................

19751 .......................................................................................................................

19731 .......................................................................................................................

19721*2 ....................................................................................................................

19711 .......................................................................................................................

19701 .......................................................................................................................

1%9 .........................................................................................................................

1%7 .........................................................................................................................

lm .........................................................................................................................

t%5 .........................................................................................................................

lm .........................................................................................................................

lw33 .......................................................................................................................

18623 .......................................................................................................................

1%1 .........................................................................................................................

lExcludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States.

2B~d On a SO.oercent samole of deaths.

All

—

1.3

1.5

1.4

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.0

2.3

2.5

2.8

2.3

2.1

2.2

1.9

2,2

2.0

1.8

1.s

0.5

0.5

0.5

E

1,0

0.9

0.8

0.8

M

H!

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.7

0.9

2534

yaars

0.1

0.3

0.1

0.4

0.5

0.3.

M

0.2

0.4

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.3

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.3

03

0.1

0.4

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.1

II 45-54 55-64 65-74

yaars yaars years yaars

I I I 1 1

Rate per 100,000 population

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.4

0.6

0.7

1.3

1.2

1.3

0.8

1.3

E

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.3

0.5

0.5

0.5

0,7

0.7

0.1

1.0

0.6

0.8

0.6

0.9

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.2

1.1

2.5

1.1

t.7

2.2

3.5

2.3

3.1

z

3.5

3.0

2.6

2.1

E

2.1

2.4

0,6

0.6

0.4

0.4

1.3

1.1

1.1

0.9

1.3

1,3

0.5

1.0

0.4

1.0

0.4

0.6

0.3

0.4

3.8

4.9

5.0

6.0

6.7

7.9

6.9

6.9

8.6

?0.0

7.4

6.6

6.1

6.2

!H

5.0

5.8

1.1

2.0

1.1

E

1.7

1.9

2.9

Z

1.6

1.2

1.5

1.8

0.9

1.4

1.4

0.8

E

9.3

13.1

6.7

14.2

10.6

11.7

13.2

15.4

14.4

13,2

12.8

10.9

16.0

11.5

11.4

10.9

2.8

2.3

2.1

3.4

1.9

4.3

3.6

2.1

2.9

2,6

3,4

2.2

2.1

1.6

2.9

3.0

1.2

2.2

15.4

14.5

13.s

14.8

23.9

19.1

21.3

21,2

26.1

24.2

22.8

15.1

18.8

16.9

10,9

16.1

8.8

10.0

3.7

3.4

3.2

5.0

4.5

2.6

4.6

4.7

4.0

5.9

3.9

3.2

0.9

2.9

4.2

4.3

3.9

4.8

19.4

13.2

17.2

24.6

34.0

35,3

26.5

27.1

27.3

36.0

17.9

$.:

18.8

34.5

27.6

13.3

19.1

4.5

3.3

6.4

2:

17.1

13.2

6.4

~6

7.0

H

11.1

19.0

7.5

25.0

17.4

Awadjustcd

rata

1.3

1.6

1.5

1.9

2.1

2.5

2,2

2.6

z

2.6

2.3

2.3

2,0

2.3

2.0

1.8

1.8

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.7

0,9

0.9

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.8

0.7

0,7

0.6

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.7

3 ~gure~ by ~ac- exclude &a for reeidenta of New Jersey becauae this State did not require reporting Of the item for these YeaI’S.

50
Table 6. Deeth rates for Ischamic heert disease, by age, rsme,end sax; and corresponding age-adjusted ratas: United States, 1S60-77

[ For 196e-17 rmtesare based on deaths asaigned to category numbere 401413 of the Eighth Revf.rion Irrtemational Cla.rsif%.tion of Diseaees, Adapted for Use in the

LfrrftwfStateJ, 196S (ICDA); for 1960-67 rates are based on deaths aasigned to category number 420 of the Seventh Revieion adopted in 195S. For method of

●ge ●djustment, me appendix II

Fka, sex, and year

Both saxes

1977~

19761 ...................................................................................................................

,9751 ...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

19741 ...................................................................................................................

19731

19721*2

,971 ~ ...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

,a,ol ................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

lw9 .................................o...................................................................................

lM6 .....................................................................................................................

lw7 .....................................................................................................................

lm .....................................................................................................................

lw3 .....................................................................................................................

1961.....................................................................................................................

Whita, male

19741 ...................................................................................................................

19731

1972112 ................................................................................................................

,B71 ~ ...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

lolo~ ...................................................................................................................

lilau.....................................................................................................................

1968 .....................................................................................................................

1!367.....................................................................................................................

lw .....................................................................................................................

1865 .....................................................................................................................

lw ....4................................................................................................................

19633 ...................................................................................................................

19623 ...................................................................................................................

Iml .....................................................................................................................

lm ...........o.o.......................................................................................................

White, femala

19771 ...................................................................................................................

~:g:

...................................................................................................................

,,,,,,,0,,,,,..., ,,................................................................................................

1Q741 .,,,,.,, ,,,,,, ,,,., ,,,,!.,., ...............................................!. ......................................

19731 ...................................................................................................................

1972112

1971 I .,.,,.,,.,..,.., ...................................................................................................

,9701 ................................................." .............................................................

.,,,,,.,.,,,,, .....,0,,............................................................................................

IW7 .....................................................................................................................

IM6 .....................................................................................................................

1865 ......................................o............................o..............................!..................

1964 .....................................................................................................................

18633 ...................................................................................................................

19623 .,!,,,,, ..........!................................................................................................

lm ...................................a.................................................................................

see footnotes at end of table.

All 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-84 65-74 75-84

ages years years vears years years years

Rata per 100,000 population

295.1

301.0

301.7

314.5

328.0

328.7

327.0

328.1

332.6

33s.4

280.3

283.1

289.0

285.4

280.1

264.0

274.5

275.6

364.2

382.5

366.3

3s0.3

386.1

400.1

400.6

404.9

411.9

419.3

378.7

362.4

378.4

374.4

379.9

372.9

3s5.4

36s.0

267.5

272.0

269.2

280.5

287.3

2B9.4

285.1

282.5

283.7

286.6

238.8

237.3

232.7

228.8

228.1

223.4

215.3

216.1

4.2

4.4

4.5

4.9

5.1

5.1

6.1

6.3

8.2

6.4

8.2

6.5

7.0

6.9

7.2

::

6.8

6.0

6.3

6.3

6.5

6.9

7.1

8.2

8.2

7.9

8.2

8.2

9.3

10.0

10.0

9.9

10.4

9.8

10.3

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.7

1.9

1.7

2.1

2.2

1.9

2.2

2.0

:

2.1

2.4

2.2

1.8

1.9

38.4

40.3

42.7

44.2

4s.3

50.2

52.1

52.9

55.3

56.7

52.3

51.8

52.4

53.3

53.2

51.2

50.5

50.4

59.8

84.3

8s.9

69.5

75.4

77.5

81.3

62.3

85.8

87.6

SS.6

B5.7

S8.8

88.5

SS.6

88.5

87.0

%.0

11.1

11.7

12.8

13.1

14.6

15.2

15.5

15.1

16.1

16.3

14.3

14.4

13.9

13.7

14.8

13.1

12.4

12.7

166.3

171.6

177.9

1S8.6

184.9

199.5

202.3

208.5

211.5

218.0

m3.5

m8.2

208.4

207.8

211.1

m8.9

m5.4

m7.7

2S6.9

275.9

2S7.8 ‘

301.8

312.9

322.8

326.1

332.5

341.2

349.9

342.0

350.2

349.1

346.9

352.8

349.6

347.4

352.5

58.5

58.5

60.7

61.9

65.8

65.5

69.5

70.0

69.8

72.8

65.8

67.4

67.5

67.4

86.3

66.2

84.3

61.9

466.5

487.2

501.5

52s.3

559.5

569.6

574.4

5s5.5

5S2.7

616.9

557.3

572.5

570.1

574.1

5s1 .9

576.1

567.0

6s0.9

715.1

752.2

776.9

814.0

%7.0

SS2.7

SSS.4

804.8

919.7

845.2

S82.O

912.4

S02.1

598.3

805.2

864.2

SSS.7

801.3

216.9

226.7

231.1

243.3

268.4

260.5

269.2

271.6

267.7

2S3.7

249.6

255.5

25s.2

264.4

269.5

266.9

284.7

277.6

,116.4

,155.4

,195.5

,270.7

,333.4

,383.1

,385.8

,428.2

,458.0

,502.0

,323.5

,355.9

,336.1

,243.7

,379.6

,382.2

,333.3

,368.1

,842.8

,697.6

,743.1

,S35.2

,918.9

,975.2

,976.3

,028.7

,089.9

,119.3

,928.1

,880.3

,931.8

,934.8

,S65.3

,924.6

,SSS.6

,s08.2

704.8

730.7

762.2

813.9

855.0

910.5

S09.5

848.9

883.7

888.3

875.4

889.3

889.1

S96.9

910.5

807.6

S98.2

916.3

2,SS8.5

2,963.9

2,887.7

3,157.4

3,322.9

3,371.2

3,358.8

3,406.3

3,453.6

3,533.2

2,961.4

3,046.1

3,047.2

3,006.4

3,C90.7

3,035.2

2,S46.5

2,888.0

3,768.5

3,s9.3

3,S04.6

4,0s9.3

4,281.6

4,302.3

4,270.9

4,315.0

4,348.8

4,426.3

3,s41 .2

3,&38.4

3,913.6

3,827.7

3,807.2

3,S02.7

3,711.3

3,756.4

2,403.1

2,485.3

2,523.2

2,6S4.3

2,814.2

2,872.9

2,857.1

2,S84.7

2,s42.2

3,016.1

2,512.5

2,686.0

2,560.2

2,548.1

2,591.2

2,570.1

2,515.1

2,%6.9

85 years I

Ageand over adjusted

rate

1

6,420.1

6,715.0

6,E40.O

7,315.5

7.692.6

7,712.0

7,780.4

7,249.4

8,2S4.5

8,483.0

6,&31 .6

6,990.6

7,014.0

6,263.1

7,120.1

6,907.6

6,457.8

6,368.6

7,6s3.4

7,954.4

7,s41 .9

8,527.3

8,920.7

8,851.6

9,028.4

8,164.2

9,443.1

9,588.7

8,075.2

6,175.6

8,141.0

7,s45.4

8,159.5

7,922.5

7,380.4

7,248.7

6,261.9

6,596.1

6,4S4.7

7,143.4

7,4s8.0

7,564.6

7,553.2

7,192.3

6,118.8

8,311.8

6,502.7

6,719.5

6,761.4

6,651.6

6,789.9

6,570.8

6,218.9

6,233.7

185.0

191.6

186.1

207.7

218.9

223.9

225.1

228.1

234.7

241.6

211.6

216.6

215.8

215.4

220.3

216.9

211.4

214.6

284.7

274.2

280.6

294.6

310.0

315.6

317.2

320.3

328.1

336.6

307.6

313.2

311.2

308.0

313.7

307.8

302.1

305.3

119.0

123.6

126.3

134.6

141.6

145.9

146.8

148.5

152.4

157.6

134.3

137.4

137.1

137.5

139.7

138.1

135.2

137.8

51

●
Table 6. Death rates for Ischemic heart diaaeae, by age, race, and sex; end corresponding ega-adjustad retes: United States, 1650-77-Con.

[ For 1968-77 rates are baaed on deaths assigned to category numbers 4014!13 of the Eighth Revision IntematiorraJ Claa.rij7cationof Diaeasm, Adapted for Use in the

.Wsifed States. 196S iICDA): for 1960-67 rates are based on deaths assigned to category number 420 of the Seventh Revidon adopted in 1955. For method of

age adjustment, see appendk I]

Race, sax, and year

All other, male

19771

19761 ....................................................................................................................

,9751 ...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

19741 ...................................................................................................................

1973~

1972112

,971 ~ ...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

,9701 ................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

1989 .....................................................................................................................

lM8 .....................................................................................................................

1687 .....................................................................................................................

1868 .#...................................................................................................................

1984 .....................................................................................................................

19633 .............................................................. ....................................................

1661.....................................................................................................................

1s%0....................................................................................................................

All other, female

1977~ ..................................................................................................................

19761 ..................................................................................................................

19751 ..................................................................................................................

19741 ..................................................................................................................

19731 ..................................................................................................................

1972112 ......................o........................................................................................

19711 ..................................................................................................................

19701 ..................................................................................................................

1989....................................................................................................................

1W6....................................................................................................................

1%7 ....................................................................................................................

1968 ....................................................................................................................

1965 ....................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................

;~3 ..................................................................................................................

18623....................................................................................................................

1s1 ....................................................................................................................

1980 ....................................................................................................................

1Jj~~ludes deaths of n~nmsidenti of the United States.

All 25-34 35-44 45-54

ages years years years

I I I

225.7

228.3

229.9

244.0

255.6

257.8

256.6

261.1

289.5

278.8

20s.3

215.2

209.6

205.6

209.1

202.6

191.1

190.7

177.0

176.9

177.7

188.9

200.7

197.7

197.5

200.4

204.2

213.4

144.3

148.7

144.9

143.4

143.6

139.1

133.2

131.7

12.6

12.6

13.1

14.6

14.7

14.8

18.9

19.1

23.3

20.7

19.2

18.2

20.9

18.9

18.8

17.3

17.1

15.7

4.1

4.9

5.1

6.5

6.1

6.9

8.5

9.6

9.6

10.5

10.2

9.0

6.3

9.5

9.9

8.5

::

91.3

90.3

97.6

95.6

103.6

111.9

116.9

124.3

131.1

134.9

103.6

102.9

106.3

105.1

95.0

94.1

87.3

87.8

36.6

33.1

39.3

44A

51.3

55.7

56.3

58.9

62.5

68.6

46.C

45.1

48.C

46.E

47.E

45.E

42.E

45.7

55-84 65-74

years years

I

75-84 85 yeers I

Ageyears and over

adjusted

rate

Rate per 100,000 population

315.9

328.0

330.3

353.4

375.6

388.0

372.7

387.7

413.3

419.4

317.4

318.5

322.6

319.3

316.6

312.4

285.7

297.0

144.7

148.2

150.5

171.7

185.8

187.0

193.3

203.0

208.1

222.9

180.1

160.4

163.9

186.9

168.6

162.3

160.4

188.0

768.3

794.5

781.3

848.1

902.0

903.0

863.9

802.3

929.0

998.1

747.1

778.7

755.9

781.6

760.6

738.8

708.6

723.7

423.0

421.8

453.1

478.6

516.1

543.6

512.7

557.1

682.0

623.6

425.6

454.1

480.0

489.0

502.4

498.7

480.1

462.3

1,435.5

1,487.9

1,549.7

1,713.6

1,784.2

1,763.9

1,782.9

1,833.2

1,664.1

1,920.2

1,425.3

1,516.0

1#439.3

1,401.9

1,472.7

1,406.7

1,369.8

1,340.2

645.8

983.0

1,053.2

1,160.5

1,267.0

1,237.0

1,277.5

1,270.3

1,310.4

1,362.1

925.1

953.2

888.9

802.0

916.7

901.4

859.4

697.0

2,853.0

2,823.9

2,667.9

2,926.2

3,065.3

3,153,1

3,120.8

3,149.9

3,245.7

3,179.6

2,407.1

2,484.2

2,388,5

2,220.3

2,357.6

2,275.2

2,055.4

2,114.1

2,306.5

2,277.8

2,167.6

2,244.6

2,379.1

2,376.6

2,398.1

2,462.5

2,459.1

2,607.9

1,727.3

1,888.3

1,805.2

1,719.0

1,710.9

1,658.2

1,633.3

1.583.4

4,030.6

4,176.5

4,245.3

4,831.6

5,080.6

5,023.5

6,110.2

4,418.8

5,259.1

5,958.5

“4,197.4

4,619.4

4,717.6

4,425.0

4,989.0

4,596.6

4,203.3

3,574.5

3,488.2

3,590.9

3,882.7

4,251.5

4,633.0

4,461.0

4,582.9

4,227.9

4,930.6

5,0s6.7

3,522.6

3,657.9

3,673.5

3,704.4

3,758.5

3,727.5

3,627.5

3.076.3

245,3

249.4

264.0

272.6

267.8

291.5

290.0

294.4

306.7

316.6

237.6

246.5

240.9

236.9

240.8

232.5

219.6

219.5

152.3

153.8

159.1

172.9

187.0

188.0

189.6

194.8

201.4

213.0

145.6

152.0

150.4

151.2

152.9

149.7

144.7

145.8

2BUed on a W-percent sample of deaths.

3 figure5 by race e~~l”de data t~r residents of New Jemey because this State tild not require reporting of the item for tke YEWS.

52

●
Tabla 7. Death rates for Cirrhosis of liver, by age, rata, and sex; and corresponding age-adjustad rates: Unitad Statas, 1880-77

[ For 1968-77 rates are based mr deatha esaigned to category number 571 of the Eighth Revision Intar’rrationd Clrrssis7cationof Diseases, Adapted for Use in the United

States, 196s UC DAM for 1960-67 ratea are b=ed On deaths assigned to category number 581 of the seventh Rev~lOn adopted in 1955. For method of age adjustment, see appendix 1]

Race, sex, and year

Both sexes

19771 ............................................................................................................................

19761 ............................................................................................................................

19741

l973l:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::=

19721,2 .........................................................................................................................

19711 ............................................................................................................................

19701 ............................................................................................................................

lM9 ..............................................................................................................................

lm ..............................................................................................................................

1867 ..............................................................................................................................

.,,,,.,,,,,,.,., ..............................................................................................................

:E ..............................................................................................................................

lw ..............................................................................................................................

lw3 ..............................................................................................................................

1962 ..............................................................................................................................

1961 ..............................................................................................................................

lm .......................!.. $...................................................................................................

White, male

1977~ s............................................................................................. .............................

1976? ............................................................................................................................

1974~ ............................................................................................................................

19731. .......s..................................................................................................................

1972!*k .........................................................................................................................

19701 ............................................................................................................................

lw9 ..............................................................................................................................

lm ....i.........l..............!................................................................................................

lw7 ..............................................................................................................................

lw ..............................................................................................................................

1964....................{........................................................................................................

lSn333............................................................................................................................

I 9623 ................................ ...........................................................................................

1961 .............................................................................................................................-

lw ..............................................................................................................................

White, female

19771 ............................................................................................................................

19761 ............................................................................................................................

19761 ............................................................................................................................

19741

19731 :'::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

W;:,* .........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

19701 ............................................................................................................................

lw9 ....................................o.........................................................................................

;&::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

lm ..............................................................................................................................

lw5 ..............................................................................................................................

lM4 ..............................................................................................................................

18633

lm23::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::x::::::::::::::::::z::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

1861 ..............................................................................................................................

1Mo ,,,.,., ......!.,... ...........................................................................................................

See footnotes at end of table.

All

ages

—

14.3

I 4.7

14.8

15.8

15.9

15.6

15.4

15.5

14.8

14.6

I 4.1

13.6

12.8

12.1

11.9

11.7

11.3

11.3

18.3

18.9

19.3

20.4

20.5

20.2

20.1

20.1

19.2

16.9

18.3

17.8

16.6

16.0

15.7

15.7

15.4

15.6

9.1

9.3

9.4

10.0

10.1

9.9

10.0

10.0

::

9.4

8.9

8.5

B.2

8.0

7.6

7.5

7.4

25-34 35-44 4k&4

yaars years years

3.8

H

4.2

::

4.2

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.0

3.6

3.5

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.1

2.9

3.4

3.2

3.2

3.5

3.6

3.3

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.8

;::

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.7

;::

15.3

16.9

16.7

18.6

19.4

20.3

19.3

19.6

19.0

18.1

17.1

16.6

16.0

13.9

12.7

13.0

12.3

11.8

16.1

17.8

18.3

19.2

20.0

21.3

20.0

19.7

19.2

16.8

18.1

17.3

15.2

14.3

13.2

13.6

13.3

13.4

;:

7.9

1M

10.3

10.6

10.8

10.6

10.4

10.0

9.9

9.3

9.3

8.B

9.0

8.6

8.2

55-64 65-74

yaars yaars

75-84

years

Rate per 100,000 pcrpuleticm

33.6

35.0

36.0

36.7

39.1

38.9

38.5

38.3

36.7

36.8

35.1

34.1

32.2

29.8

30.1

29.0

27.5

27.6

41.2

43.3

44.7

47.7

47.9

48.0

47.9

47.3

45.3

45.1

43.4

42.3

39.8

38.0

38.0

38.1

35.9

36.5

19.4

20.4

21.6

22.9

24.0

23.6

24.1

24.7

23.7

23.6

23.9

22.7

22.2

20.4

21.1

16.9

18.8

18.1

45.4

47.6

49.0

50.9

52.5

50.3

49.8

49.3

47.2

46.1

45.2

42.9

39.8

38.0

36.3

35.4

%

62.1

65.4

M.B

69.7

73.4

71.5

71.3

70.6

68.2

86.2

84.6

62.9

57.7

54.9

52.3

51.7

4?:

27.0

28.7

30.2

31.4

31.6

30.2

30.0

29.6

27.5

27.6

27.6

24.4

23.2

23.2

21.1

19.7

20.1

18.0

42.6

42.6

42.8

45.9

44.6

43.1

42.2

42.2

39.8

40.3

39.7

38.4

36.7

35.6

36.6

38.5

35.3

37.4

64.0

65.6

67.4

73.4

70.7

6S.6

58.0

67.8

62.1

62.5

61.7

60.0

57.4

57.2

68.2

56.6

58.6

59.7

27.7

26.8

24.8

28.4

25.8

25.2

25.3

24.1

23.3

24.5

23.7

22.8

22.2

20.4

20.4

20.3

19.4

20.8

30.2

28.3

29.0

29.5

26.6

28.5

30.1

30.9

z:

28.1

30.5

30.5

28.9

28.9

28.7

30.2

32.1

46.2

46.5

47.2

48.1

45.7

46.2

47.3

48.1

46.2

45.9

42.4

46.4

48.4

45.8

44.4

44.8

47.0

46.8

20.1

20.6

19.2

19.2

19.2

20.5

20.5

21.2

20.6

20.2

19.7

20.8

19.5

19.8

20.6

19.6

19.6

22.7

85 years

and over

16.9

18.0

16.9

18.5

19.9

20.3

21.6

20.3

21.5

22.7

22.6

24.2

21.5

25.3

28.1

26.3

25.9

26.6

28.6

31.0

28.6

30.2

32.9

36.1

35.7

33.1

36.4

32.6

33.1

38.6

32.5

36.1

37.8

39.5

E.;

13.0

13.7

11.9

14.0

14.3

13.1

15.3

15.4

14.2

18.8

18.2

17.0

16.1

21.1

21.1

19.7

22.1

22.2

Awadjusted

rate

13.1

13.6

13.8

14.8

15.0

14.9

14.7

14.7

14.1

13.9

13.4

13.0

12.1

11.4

11.2

11.0

10.6

10.5

16.7

17.5

17.9

19.0

19.3

19.1

16.9

18.8

18.0

17.7

17.2

16.7

15.6

15.0

14.7

14.6

14.2

14.4

H ,

7.9

8.6

8.7

6.6

8.7

8.7

8.4

%

7.9

7.6

7.3

H

6.7

6.6

53
Table 7. Death rates for Cirrhosis of liver, by age, race, and sex; and corresponding age-adjusted rates: United Statas, 1960-77-Con.

[ For 1968-77 rates are baaed on deaths assigned to category number 571 of the Eighth Rev&ion International Cfa.rsffication of Diseases, Adapted for Use in the United

States, 1965 (ICDA); for 1960-67 rates are baaed on deaths assigned to category number 581 of the Seventh Revision adopted in 19S 5. For method of age adjustment, see appendix 1]

Race, sex, end year

All other, male

19771 ............................................................................................................................

19761 ............................................................................................................................

19751

1974~;::::::::::::; ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;:::::::;::::::::::;:::::::::::::::::::;:::::::;

19731

19721,2 .........................................................................................................................

19711 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

19701 ............................................................................................................................

1%9 ..............................................................................................................................

1968 ..............................................................................................................................

lw7 ..............................................................................................................................

lW6 ..............................................................................................................................

1965 ..............................................................................................................................

lw ................................................................................e.............................................

19633 ............................................................................................................................

19623 ............................................................................................................................

1961 ..............................................................................................................................

lwo ..............................................................................................................................

All other, female

19771

19761 ............................................................................................................................

l975l::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.:::

19741 ............................................................................................................................

19731

19721*2 .........................................................................................................................

l97ll:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

19701 ............................................................................................................................

lw9 ..............................................................................................................................

lW8 ..............................................................................................................................

1967 ..............................................................................................................................

198s ........................................................................................ .....................................

1965 ..............................................................................................................................

lw ..............................................................................................................................

19833 ............................................................................................................................

18623 ............................................................................................................................

1881 ..............................................................................................................................

9 1960 ..............................................................................................................................

l&~l~d~s d~~ths of nonresidents of the United States.

%ased on a 50.gercent sample of deaths.

All 25-34

ages years

u

24.9

25.4

25.3

26.7

26.6

27.5

24.4

24.6

24.2

23.0

21.2

20.a

18.5

15.7

13.9

13.9

13.3

12.6

12.9

13.1

13.2

14.7

15.2

14.4

14.2

14.6

14.3

13.9

12.2

12.3

11.1

9.5

9.3

9.3

8.4

7.9

18.3

18.6

20.1

20.9

20.8

21.0

20.2

22.7

20.0

21.0

17.8

19.8

15.0

12.0

11.1

10.2

12.0

9.3

9.6

8.9

9.8

11.6

11.7

14.6

12.3

14.2

14.2

13.5

14.0

12.1

‘11.8

11.5

12.0

11.3

9.8

9.0

years years

I I 1

55.2

61.2

57.4

65.1

68.4

70.2

63.1

65.6

65.3

54.4

55.1

50.8

45.7

37.5

31.8

31.5

27.3

23.8

27.1

30.7

30.7

34.3

36.8

39.1

37.5

40.5

38.1

37.8

30.8

32.5

30.7

26.2

21.0

21.3

21.3

18.5

75-64

years

Rate psr 100,000 population

87.5

86.3

86.1

93.6

88.8

96.9

82.6

82.6

75.4

81.1

84.7

65.5

59.5

49.7

39.4

38.6

38.5

39.1

42.1

41.6

40.8

48.7

51.0

43.8

46.2

43.4

45.8

44,3

37.2

38.4

31.0

25.5

27.3

26.9

23.4

23.1

88.9

90.7

69.1

88.3

86.4

81.8

73.0

71.3

73.8

67.9

60.8

60.1

57.1

49.2

47.0

45.3

41.1

41.5

38.4

38.1

39.8

42.2

41.3

33.5

34.6

34.6

32.3

29.7

30.8

30.2

26.4

19.5

21.5

20.9

18.6

17.1

50.3

54.0

58.3

54.7

54.0

62.6

51.6

47.5

52.1

46.9

49.8

46.9

36.2

32.9

34.0

34.6

33.9

30.9

22.3

24.9

24.4

22.2

25.1

22.9

20.0

20.7

19.6

16.2

16.4

15.0

14.0

12.0

14.0

15.8

12.2

11.5

35.0

23.5

33.0

31.6

31.0

30.6

29.2

24.9

23.9

25.8

29.3

26.8

27.3

30.2

24.6

25.6

21.4

23.3

18.3

14.5

11.5

14.0

14.4

9.2

12.2

15.4

13.8

10.0

6.9

11.6

10,3

10,7

8.9

11.4

,.~

85 years

and ovar

11.1

8.8

17.2

12.3

35.8

27.5

20.4

9.0

25.0

14.6

30.8

30.6

23.5

9.4

17.2

31.0

10.0

22.3

6.8

5.0

11.8

8.2

1.1

7.3

11.8

3.8

12.3

11.s

9.4

10.2

8.9

14.3

7.5

15.0

14.9

Ageadjustad

rata

31.4

32.3

32.1

34.0

33.9

35.1

31.1

31.3

30.5

29.0

26.4

26.0

22.9

19.3

16.9

16.7

15.9

14.9

15.0

15.4

15.5

17.4

18.0

17.2

16.9

17.4

17.1

16.6

14.6

14.7

13.2

11.2

10.9

10.9

9.8

9.1

3 Mgures by rac~ exclude d~ta for residents of New Jersey becsuse this Stste did not require reporting of the item for these Years.

64
Table 8. Death rates for Emphysema and Chronic obstructive lung disease without menticm of asthma, bronchitis, or emphysema, by age, rata, and sex; and corresponding

age-adjusted rates: United States, 1860-77

[For 1969-77 rates are baaed on deaths asaigned to category numbers 492, ●519.3 used with the Eighth Revision International Claatipcation Of LWWW8, Adapted for Use in the

United States, 1965 (ICDA); for 1968, on deaths aasigned to category number 492 of the Eighth Revision; and for 1960-67 rates are baaed on deaths assigned to category

number 527.1 of the Seventh Revision adopted in 1955. The asteriak before category number 519.3 indicates that the title to which this number corresponds was not included in ICDA but waa introduced by the National Center for Hea2th Statistics (NCHS). For method of age adjustment, see appendix I]

Reca, sex, and year

Both saxes

White, male

White, female

All

ages

—

18.7

IS.3

17.1

16.2

16.0

14.7

I 4.0

I 3.4

12.7

12.1

10.6

I 0.4

9.6

8.3

8.0

6.7

5.6

5.2

31.3

31.1

29.5

28.2

2s.2

26.4

25.2

24.5

23.5

22.6

20.1

I 9.7

18.4

I 5.7

I 5.5

12.6

I 0.7

9.8

9.s

9.2

S.2

7.4

6.S

6.0

E

4.4

4.0

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.3

2.2

1 .s

1.5

1.3

I I I I

years years

I I I 1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.1

p.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.1

1.2

1.1

1.0

0.9

1.0

0.s

0.8

1.4

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.4

1.2

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.1

1.1

0.6

0.9

1.0

0.8

0.9

1.0

0,s

0.9

0.8

0.s

0.5

0.7

0.7

0.6

0.4

0.5

0.3

0.4

years

Rate par 100,000 population

7.8

8.1

7.9

7.9

S.1

7.6

8.2

7.6

7.5

::

6.3

6.3

5.7

z

3.7

4.0

10.2

11.0

10.6

11.2

11.3

10.9

11.7

11.4

11.4

10.7

10.0

9.9

10.2

9.8

9.7

7.9

6.1

6.9

5.2

5.3

5.1

5.1

4.s

4.4

4.6

4.2

3.8

3.4

2.s

2.6

2.4

2.0

2.1

1.7

1.2

1.1

35.9

36.9

36.3

35.4

36.7

34.4

33.1

33.0

31.7

30.7

27.2

27.1

25:2

22.6

22.2

18.7

16.5

15.5

55.2

58.2

58.1

5B.1

61.9

58.7

58.0

58.0

57.4

5&o

51.1

52.0

48.2

43.0

43.4

36.8

32.6

30.1

20.1

19.6

19.0

17.2

16.0

14.4

12.7

12.2

10.6

10.0

7.7

6.7

5.9

5.2

4.s

3.8

3.0

2.9

102.2

101.6

97.3

94.5

94.0

88.3

S3.3

82.0

77.1

74.0

65.1

63.9

60.5

51.2

50.8

42.2

35.4

32.6

169.6

192.7

186.4

182.9

186.2

177.5

169.3

169.1

160.6

156.5

138.2

134.7

128.2

107.9

107.s

66.9

72.S

66.s

44.6

41.0

36.8

34.5

31.5

27.8

24.2

22.1

19.0

16.6

13.3

13.7

12.0

9.7

9.1

7.5

6.6

5.5

81.8

174.7

‘61.4

51.6

47.1

35.9

25.5

16.5

10.6

05.s

91.5

90.1

82.6

66.9

64.0

53.0

43.s

38.6

198,0

1s2.2

160.1

135.4

1*.1

102.4

!7S.8

!59.1

!44.3

!32.5

!01.1

98.3

!77.3

46.5

I34.9

‘09.8

S8.6

78.3

64.9

61.9

51.5

4S.6

43.7

38.1

35.7

29.8

28.8

26.S

22.5

21.2

20.8

18.0

17.7

15.7

12.4

11.3

169.2

169.5

143.5

134.3

13s.4

122.3

116.9

99.8

107.9

103.5

92.2

87.S

83.8

68.3

70.B

55.4

46.B

38.4

415.8

424.8

345.7

322.7

322.5

292.3

270.7

224.3

234.5

229.6

203.4

192.5

177.1

144.8

149.1

112.3

S9.2

74.9

70.7

65.0

59.3

52.2

56.S

45.1

46.4

38.3

47.0

43.4

36.1

34.1

35.4

2S.6

2s.1

25.4

22.7

16.9

Awtdjuated

rate

12.6

12.5

11.9

11.5

11.6

10.9

10.4

10.1

9.6

9.2

8.1

8.0

7.6

::

5.3

4.5

4.2

23.1

23.3

22.4

21 .s

22.1

20.9

20.1

19.5

1S.9

18.3

16.3

16.1

15.1

13.0

12.s

10.6

S.8

S.2

5.8

5.6

5.1

4.7

4.4

3.9

3.6

3.3

3.0

2.7

2.2

2.1

1.9

1.6

1.5

1.3

1.1

1.0

See frmtnotes at end of table.

55
Table 8. Death ratas for Emphysema and Chrcmicobstructive lung disaasawithout mention of asthma, bronchitis, or emphysama, by age, race, and sex; and corresponding

age-adjustedratas United Statas, 1960-77—Con.

[ For 1969-77 rates are bssed on deaths assigned to category numbers 492, *519.3 used with the Eighth Revfcion Intematfonal Ckr@Watforr of Dfaeasa, Adapted for Usa in the

United State8, 1965 (ICDAJ’ for 1968, on deaths amigaed to category number 492 of the Eighth Revision; and for 1960-67 rat.% are baaed on deaths assigned to category

number 527.1 of the Seventh Revision adopted in 1955. The asterisk before category number 519.3 indicates tlfat the title to which this number corresponds was not included in ICDA but was irstroduced by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). For method of age adjustment, see appendix 1]

Race, sex, and year

All other, male

19771 .................................................................................................................................

19761 .................................................................................................................................

19751 ...........................................................................................................................$.....

19741 .................................................................................................................................

19731

19721*2 ..............................................................................................................................

,971 ~ .................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

19701 .................................................................................................................................

?969 ...................................................................................................................................

lW8 ...................................................................................................................................

1857 ...................................................................................................................................

1865 :..................................................................................................................................

1%5 .................o..4..............................................................................................................

1M4 ...................................................................................................................................

18633 .................................................................................................................................

18523 .................................................................................................................................

1861 ...................................................................................................................................

1860 .................i.................................................................................................................

All crther,female

19771 .................................................................................................................................

19761 .................................................................................................................................

19761 ,9741 .............,,....................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ .

19731 .................................................................................................................................

19721,2 ..............................................................................................................................

19711 ................................................................................................................................ .

19701 .................................................................................................................................

1869 ...................................................................................................................................

1%8 ........................................................ ..........................................................................

1867 ................................................................................................................................ ...

lH ........4.....................4....................................................................................................

1*5 ...................................................................................................................................

1854 ...................................................................................................................................

18633 .................................................................................................................................

18523 .................................................................................................................................

1651 ...................................................................................................................................

lwo ...................................................................................................................................

lExclvdes deathsof nonresidentsof the United States.

2Based on a 50-nercent samde of deaths.

I3.5

I3.3

I2.0

11.8

I2.0

11.5

11.0

10.8

I0.1

9.2

7.8

7.5

7.1

6.2

6.3

4.8

4.6

4.2

3.0

2.7

2.%

2.1

2.3

2.0

2.1

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.C

O.E

;;

0.7

0.7

I I

years

1 1

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.8

0.8

0.5.

0.2

0.7

0.8

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.0

0.1

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

2.5

2.8

3.4

3.8

2.6

2.6

3.7

4.0

3.6

3.6

2.5

3.4

2.1

2.7

2.7

2.0

2.4

2.4

0.9

0.9

1.4

0.6

1.0

1.6

1.2

1.1

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.0

0.6

0.6

0.7

1.0

0.3

0.7

yaars

I

Rate par 100,000 population.

14.3

14.2

13.9

12.1

14.5

15.4

15.0

12.1

15.1

16.1

11.6

13.2

12.9

8.7

10.3

6.5

7.3

7.3

4.4

4.1

4.6

3.2

4.1

2.6

4.8

3.0

3.1

2.5

1.8

1.6

2.3

2.3

1.9

1.1

0.9

1.4

46.5

47.2

43.9

44.5

47.6

46.0

43.7

45.7

39.6

35.1

29.5

26.9

28.7

28.5

25.4

21.6

18.0

16.2

10.6

10.3

8.5

7.6

9.3

7.2

7.3

5.7

5.0

5.6

3.5

4.1

3.2

2.2

3.9

2.9

1.6

2.0

01.6

88.7

S6.8

00.4

84.7

84.8

34.2

79.8

78.1

88.1

60.7

55.1

49.0

47.9

46.4

42,6

31.6

31.7

14.6

14.6

15.2

13.7

11.9

9.2

11.7

9.5

6.7

6.1

6.2

6.4

4.4

2.0

5.4

3.0

4.3

2.9

84.2

84.6

71.4

40.7

47.4

60.6

20.8

31.0

I07.4

IJ6.5

82.1

70.9

75.0

54.1

57.6

34.2

40.9

26,7

31.6

23.5

25.3

18.1

22.3

20.6

15.6

15.3.

14.9

10.5

9.1

7.7

8.5

5.4

6.3

10.3

6.9

2.4

164.7

163.8

139.1

145.6

154.7

117.7

126.6

104.7

118.2

75.6

110.3

102.8

102,9

%

41.4

53.3

47.8

35.6

27.3

20.0

23.7

19.3

28,3

13.1

20.3

26.2

26.2

15.8

15.1

10.2

13.3

23.8

15.0

12.5

12.4

14.7

14.4

13.3

13.3

13.5

13.3

12.6

12.2

11.6

10.6

8.9

8.7

8.1

7.2

7.2

5,7

E

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.2

2.4

2.0

2.2

1.9

1.7

1.5

1.2

1.2

1.1

0.8

1.1

E

0,7

3 Figures by race exclude da_ta for residents of New Jersey because this State did not require reporting of the item for these years.

56
Tabla 9. Death rates for Peptic ulcer, by age, reca, and sex; and corresponding age-adjustad rates: Unitad States, 1960-77

[ For 1968-77 rates are based on deatha assigned to category numbers 531-533 of tbe Esghth Revision International Classification of Diseases, Adapted for Uae in the

United States. 196s {I CDA);for 1960-67 rates are based on deaths eesimredto category numbers S40, 541 of the Seventh Revision adopted in 195S. For method

of age adjustment, se; appendix I]

Race, sex, and year

Both sexas

19741 ............................................................................................................................

19731 ,..,.,................!... ..................................................................................................

19721,2,, ,,.,.,,, ....!...... ....................................................................................................

19711 ............................................................................................................................

19701 ............................................................................................................................

lw9.e...e ........................................................................................................................

1$88 !,,,,.........................................................................................................................

lM7 ..............................................................................................................................

1966 ,,,,,,, .,.,.,.................................................................................................................

1985 ..............................................................................................................................

1854 ..............................................................................................................................

lm3 ..........................4...................................................................................................

1961..............................................................................................................................

1960 ..............................................................................................................................

White, male

19741 ............................................................................................................................

19731 ............................................................................................................................

19711

19701 .`'..' . .................''................................................`.". ..............`............"." ...."....................'..." .... ..

1869 ..............................................................................................................................

1860 ..............................................................................................................................

lw7 ..............................................................................................................................

19s35..............................................................................................................................

1964 ..............................................................................................................................

18623 !,,.........................................................................................................................

1851 ..............................................................................................................................

Al I other, male

19771 ............................................................................................................................

19761 ............................................................................................................................

lM9 ......o.......................................................................................................................

lm ...........................................##.................................................................................

lw7 ..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................

% ..............................................................................................................................

lw ..............................................................................................................................

18623 ............................................................................................................................

1=1 ..............................................................................................................................

1960..............................................................................................................................

J- All 25-34

ages years

2.7

3.0

3.2

3.3

3.7

3.6

3.9

4.2

z

5.0

5.3

5.4

5.7

6.5

6.6

6.3

6.3

3.5

3.9

4.2

4.4

5.0

5.2

5.4

5.9

6.5

6.8

7.3

7.7

8.0

8.6

9.8

10.0

9.7

I 0.0

2.6

3.3

3.3

3.6

4.2

4.7

4.4

4.6

5.0

5.5

5.4

6.0

5.6

6.2

6.6

:;

6.9

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.8

0.7

0.8

0.7

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.7

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.7

1.0

0.9

1.1

1.0

0.8

1.5

0.8

0.9

1.4

1.2

2.1

1.7

1.3

2.4

1.5

1.4

1.6

1.5

2.2

3.2

3.3

2.2

35-44 45-54

years years

I

0.7

0.9

0.9

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.9

~.9

2.2

2.5

2.6

2.4

2.5

0.8

1.0

1.1

1.3

1.4

1.7

1.7

1.7

2.2

2.0

2.3

2.5

2.5

2.9

3.3

3.6

3.5

3.6

2.2

2.8

3.2

3.1

4.4

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.5

6.1

5.5

6.0

5.0

5.6

6.0

6.8

?6

years

1 1

Rata per 100,000 population

1.9

2.5

2.5

2.7

3.3

3.6

3.9

4.0

4.2

4.5

4.9

5.3

5.7

5.9

7.1

7.0

7.4

7.3

2.7

3.3

3.3

3.8

4.4

5.0

5.2

5.6

6.3

6.4

6.8

7.5

8.1

8.4

10.7

10.4

11.0

11.3

3.9

6.3

5.7

8.7

7.0

9.7

9.9

9.4

8.9

10.7

12.1

12.1

12.9

13.2

14.0

13.8

14.8

15.0

4.9

5.6

6.2

7.1

7.6

8.0

8.4

9.6

10.2

10.8

11.4

11.8

12.6

13.6

14.8

15.4

15.1

15.7

7.0

8.1

6.6

10.1

11.6

11.5

12.9

14.9

15.8

16.7

18.6

16.5

20.6

22.3

24.0

24.7

25.1

26.8

10.1

9.0

11.5

12.5

13.3

16.9

13.6

14.1

17.6

19.3

18.4

22.4

19.4

24.1

25.1

2?::

23.6

10.5

12.1

12.8

13.6

15.8

16.4

16.7

18.0

20.1

21.5

21.5

23.8

23.9

25.8

29.5

30.6

29.4

28.9

16.2

18.8

20.9

20.9

25.5

25.9

27.0

28.9

32.4

35.3

36.6

39.4

40.7

43.7

50.2

51.5

49.5

50.4

14.5

18.9

19.0

22.1

24.9

“27.3

21.3

26.8

27.0

32.3

25.1

33.3

28.2

33.8

37.2

40.3

36.1

36.7

24.3

25.5

27.5

28.1

30.8

31.2

33.1

35.5

41.2

39.5

42.5

46.5

47.2

50.8

55.6

57.3

53.5

53.6

35.8

39.8

42.1

45.8

48.3

49.3

51.6

56.2

63.8

63.7

66.5

76.1

75.6

80.5

91.9

92.4

66.3

68.5

24.4

30.6

31.7

26.4

38.5

35.4

33.7

40.4

53.7

33.3

47.8

47.5

47.7

48.3

47.9

41.0

45.9

40.7

I

85years ‘w

and over

adjustad

rate

46.3

46.5

49.4

50.1

54.2

55.2

57.5

59.6

E

79.4

79.0

61.2

85.2

92.9

84.6

82.8

77.9

63.3

68.1

74.5

74.8

78.3

88.9

86.5

66.3

94.7

102.3

121.2

119.8

128.7

137.2

145.2

144.3

126.2

120.9

26.4

42.6

35.9

42.1

35.8

27.5

30.6

23.5

22.7

39.0

61.5

61.1

38.2

46.9

37.9

56.6

56.7

44.6

1.8

2.1

2.2

E

2.9

3.0

3.2

3.6

3.7

3.9

4.2

4.3

4.6’

5.2

5.4

5.2

5.2

2.6

3.0

3.3

3.6

4.0

4.3

4.5

4.8

5.4

5.6

6.0

6.4

6.8

7.3

8.3

6.4

8.3

8.5

3.0

3.7

3.8

4.1

4.9

5.5

5.1

5.4

u

6.3

7.0

6.6

7.3

7.8

8.2

7.8

7.8

8ee footnotes at end of table.

57
Table9. Death rates for Peptic ulcer, by We, rme, andsex; andcormsponting ~-djuwed raws Unitd States, l%G77-Con.

[ F.. 1968-77 rates are based cm deaths aasigned to category numbers S3 1-533 of the Efghtfs Reviafon International Ck@Ycation of Dfsea?a8,Adapted for U#ain the

United States, 1965 (ICDA); for 1960-67 rates are baaed on deaths assigned to category numbers 540, 541 of the Seventh Revision adopted in 19SS. For method

of age adjustmerrt, see appendix I]

Rece, aax, end year

Whita, fanrala

1976x ............................................................................................................................

19751 ............................................................................................................................

19741 ............................................................................................................................

1973~ ............................................................................................................................

19721*2 .........................................................................................................................

19711 ............................................................................................................................

19ml .......................................................................0..... ...................................!.. .........

1*9 ..........................................................................................!...................................

l%s ..............................................................................................................................

lw7 ..................a...........................................................................................................

lm ..............................................................................................................................

19633 ............................................................................................................................

18623 ............................................................................................................................

1*1 ....................................................!.........o...............................................................

lw ..............................................................................................................................

All other, female

1977~

19ml ............................................................................................................................

l975l:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::I::::

19741

19731:::::r.x:::.:::.: x::x:::::::::::: x:::::::::: x::.::::: K::

19721.2 .........................................................................................................................

19701............................................................................................................................

1*9 ..............................................................................................................................

lm ..............................................................................................................................

lM7 ..............................................................................................................................

lm ..............................................................................................................................

1865 ..............................................................................................................................

lw ..............................................................................................................................

lM33 ............................................................................................................................

19623 .......................................,.,...,,,. ..............................,,, ..............!. ...........!$.O...........

1661 ..............................................................................................................................

l%o ..............................................................................................................................

1Excludes deaths of non~e~den~ ~ f the United states.

All

—

2.3

2.3

2A

2.5

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.9

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.3

3.2

3.3

3.7

3.8

3.4

3.3

1A

1.4

1.6

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.8

1.8

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.2

2.6

2.5

2,3

2.5

2.2

26-34

years

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.2’

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.2

z

0.7

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.5

1.1

0.9

0.4

0.7

0.8

yaars

I

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.8

0.4

0.7

0,8

ii

0.9

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

0.s

0.9

1.0

1.2

1.0

1.9

1.4

1.5

2.4

2.6

2.2

2.1

1.9

3.0

E

1.7

2.3

I I I

years

I I I

Rata par 100,OW population

0.9

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.s

z

2.1

?4

2,6

2.5

2.8

2.8

3.1

3.3

3.3

3.0

z

2.4

2.0

2.5

3.5

3.3

3.0

2.8

2.9

3.1

5.6

4.1

5.8

4.9

3.6

5.2

4.2

2.7

3.3

3.7

4.2

4.0

4.5

4.1

4,8

4.9

H

5.4

5.2

H

6.1

5.7

5.5

3.9

3.3

4.2

3.7

3.8

3.9

%!

5.6

6.7

6.6

6.1

7.2

6.1

E

9.2

6.8

6.2

z

7.9

8.4

9.2

8.2

10.0

10.6

11.0

10.6

11.6

11.4

12.0

13.5

14.1

13.2

13,1

6.5

7.4

8.0

8.7

~

8.6

7.1

11.5

9.3

8.1

10.s

9.0

10.2

13.0

11.0

11.6

11.0

18.1

17.7

19.5

20.6

20.8

20,9

22.6

23,6

27.1

25.2

27.3

28.1

28.9

31.6

34.5

34.9

31.7

30.4

15.2

13.0

14.1

9.4

12.7

13.5

14.8

9,9

19.0

15.9

20.3

13.1

19,2

20.0

13.5

15.8

18.3

14.3

42.3

H

41.3

45.6

43.4

46.5

49,3

54.2

54.8

60.9

61.1

60.9

60.7

70.$

71.7

56.6

57.3

21.2

16.5

21.s

20.8

27.3

12.2

10.5

24.2

30.s

44.3

35.1

28.3

24.6

33.3

31.0

30,0

40.0

19.9

Agaadjustad

rata

1.2

1.3

1.4

1,s

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.9

2.0

2,0

2.0

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.5

;:

2.4

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.6

1.7

1.9

1.9

2.2

2.2

2.3

E

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.8

2.4

2&&d cm a 50.percent sample of deaths.

3Figures by race exclude data for re~identi of New Jersey because this State did not reqUiIe reporting of the item for these Yearn.

58
Table 10. Death rates for Malignant neoplasm of esoph~us, by age, reca, and sex; and corresponding age-adjusted rates: United Statas, 1960-77

[ For 1968-77 rates are baaed on deaths assigned to category number 150 of the Eighth Revision Irrtemationd ClaasfJ7catfonof Diaeares, Adapted for Use in the United

States, 196S (ICDA); for 1960-67 rates are based on deaths assigned to category number 1SO of the Seventh Revision adopted in 1955. For method of age adjustment, see appendix I]

Race, sex, and year

Both saxes

19771 ......................................................................................................................

19761 ......................................................................................................................

.19751 ,9741 ..#.i.................................................................................................................

....,.,,,.,.,,,,..,,, .................................................................................................

19731

1972112 ...................................................................................................................

,971 ~ ......................................................................................................................

.................... ..................................................................................................

19701 ,,,,., .,,.,,..,,..,,,,., ..............................................................................................

1969 .,,,,. ,,.,,,.,.. ,..,,.,...,... ..........................................................................................

lM8 ........................................................................................................................

1867 ........................................................................................................................

1866 ........................................................................................................................

1862 ........................................................................................................................

1961 ........................................................................................................................

1960 ,0,,....................................................................................................................

White, male

1977~ ......................................................................................................................

19761

1974~ ::;::::::::; ;;;:;:;:::::;::::;:::;:::;;;:;:::::::::;::::;::::::::;::::; ::;:::::::;:::;:::::::::::::::::::

19731 ..,,,, ................................................................................................................

19721S2 ...................................................................................................................

19711 ,,, ,,,,.,,..,,, ..,,.,,,,, ,.,. ,,,,,. ,0.......,.. .......................................................................

19701 ......................................................................................................................

1869 ........................................................................................................................

lw8 ........................................................................................................................

1967 ........................................................................................................................

lm ........................................................................................................................

1865 ........................................................................................................................

1864 ........................................................................................................................

18633 ,,., ,,.,,. ,..., ,.!....................................................................................................

18623 ......................................................................................................................

1861 ........................................................................................................................

lwo ........................................................................................................................

Whita, famale

19771 .,........................................................................!. ..........................................

19761 ......................................................................................................................

19741. ......................................................................................................................

19731

1972112 ....................,.., ,,., .....!.. ...............................................................................

,97, ~ ......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

19701 ......................................................................................................................

1869 .....................................,.!,!........,,,...................................................................

19m ........................................................................................................................

I*7 ......ti.................................................................................................................

lW ........................................................................................................................

1865 ........................................................................................................................

1884 ........................................................................................................................

18633 ..................o...................................................................................................

:86J3 ......................................................................................................................

,.,,,,, ,..,,,,,,., ,,. ...................................................................................................

1960 ........................................................................................................................

See footnotes at end nf table.

All

—

z

3.3

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.1

3.9

3.9

3.9

4.0

3.8

4.0

3.9

3.7

3.9

3.9

4.0

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

25-34’

years

::

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.1

u

0.1

:;

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.s3

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

35-44

years

0.7

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.7

0.7

0.6

0.6

::

0.6

0.6

0.6

:::

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.5

0.7

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.3

0.2

45-34 55-84

yaars yaars

I

65-74

years years

Rate per 100,000 population

4.2

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.2

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.6

4.0

3.7

4.7

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.7

3.4

3.7

4.3

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.5

3.8

3.9

4.0

3.9

4.3

?4

4.3

4.2

3.9

3.9

4.1

4.5

1.0

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.5

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

0.9

1.0

11.1

11.0

10.7

10.1

10.4

10.2

10.1

9.8

9.4

9.6

9.5

9.2

9.4

9.0

8.5

8.8

H

13.9

13.4

13.8

13.2

13.1

13.5

13.9

13.4

12.2

13.2

13.5

12.2

13.4

12.9

11.7

12.9

12.3

12.2

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.6

3.8

3.4

3.8

3.5

3.7

3.5

3.0

3.3

3.0

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.4

15.3

15.7

15.3

14.7

14.3

14.3

14.1

13.8

13.8

13.8

13.6

13.3

14.0

13.7

14.3

13.7

13.4

14.4

23.0

24.3

23.9

22.9

22.0

22.4

22.5

21.9

21.6

22.1

22.5

21.9

22.0

23.0

22.5

22.0

22.4

23.4

6.2

6.0

5.7

5.4

5.7

5.2

5.0

5.3

5.1

5.0

4.5

4.5

5.0

4.7

4.7

4.6

4,4

4.9

18.5

17.7

16.2

18.2

18.8

17.2

17.9

17.8

17.9

16.4

18.0

17.2

18.4

18.7

17.4

18.2

18.8

19.8

30.1

30.4

30.8

30.1

28.8

30.2

30.1

28.9

30.4

26.7

30.6

28.8

31.6

29.5

27.0

30.7

31.2

31.7

10.0

8.3

9.3

8.9

N

9.2

9.2

9.2

8.3

8.4

S.5

8.7

10.0

9.2

8.3

9.4

10.1

17.9

20.2

19.3

20.3

21.4

16.2

20.9

17.7

21.6

23.7

21.2

21.4

22.9

21.3

23.2

24.0

25.7

22.4

30.9

33.7

34.6

36.0

35.5

31.9

35.9

30.8-

36.1

40.1

31.3

32.7

36.8

33.8

40.8

38.6

43.3

34.1

11.6

14.4

12.3

13.0

14.3

11.2

13.4

11.5

13.8

18.2

15.8

14.3

15.1

13.2

12.7

14.2

15.1

16.6

Ageadjustad

rate

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.3

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.4

3.4

3.2

z

3.4

1.0

1.0

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0,9

0.9

0.8

0.9

0.9

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

59
Table 10. Death rates for Malignant neoplasm of esophegus, by age, race, and sex; and corresponding age-adjusted ratas: United States, 1960-77–Con.

[ For 1968-77 rates are based ms deaths assigned to category number 150 of the Eighth Revision International Claasij7catfon of Dikuas, Adapted for Use in the United

States, 1965 (ICDA); for 1960-67 rates are baaed on deaths assigned to category number 150 of the Seventh Revision adopted in 19S5. For method of age adjustment, see appendw I]

Ffaw, sex. and year

All other, mala

1977~ ................................................................................................................’.....

19761 ......................................................................................................................

19751 .................... ..................................................................................................

19741 ................................................................................................... ...................

19731 ......................................................................................................................

19721*2 ...................................................................................................................

19711 ......................................................................................................................

19701 ......................................................................................................................

1888 ........................................................................................................................

1888 ........................................................................................................................

1857 ........................................................................................................................

1986 ................................................................................................... ........ .............

186.5 ........................................................................................................................

1884 .............................................. ..........................................................................

18633 ......................................................................................................................

18623 ......................................................................................................................

1881 ...................................................... ..................................................................

All other, female

1977~ ......................................................................................................................

19761 ......................................................................................................................

19751 ........................................................................................................................

19741 ......................................................................................................................

19731 .................... ..................................................................................................

19721*2 .............................................................. ...................................................!.

19711 ......................................................................................................................

19701 ......................................................................................................................

1889 ........................................................................................................................

lm ........................................................................................................................

1867 ........................................................................................................................

1886 ........................................................................................................................

1865 ........................................................................................................................

1884 ........................................................................................................................

18633 ......................................................................................................................

18823 ................................................................................. .....................................

1881 ........................................................................................................................

1860 ........................................................................................................................

lExclude~ deaths of nonresident of the United St3teS.

1

All 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-24 85 years wa1%s years years years years years years and over

adjusted

rate

Rata par 100,000 population

0.2

0.4

9.8

9.3

9.3

8.7

8.4

8.4

8.5

8.6

8.2

8.7

8.0

7.8

7.8

7.4

6.9

7.1

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.e

2.2

2.3

2.C

2?

2:i

1.$

2.i

1.[

1#$

1.[

1.t

1.;

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.6

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.3

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.3

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0,1

4.9

3.7

4.3

3.4

4.4

4.8

3.9

4.7

3.7

4.3

4.7

5.4

3.1

5.3

4.9

4.6

4.5

3.4

1.3

1.6

1.8

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.3

1.9

1.6

1.6

1.6

2.3

2.2

2.8

2.4

1.9

1.3

1.4

28.1

26.5

27.3

25.1

23.9

22.4

22.1

22.9

22.5

22.5

22.1

25.4

21.4

18.2

21.1

20.9

19.3

19.6

7.9

8.0

7.8

8.5

7.9

9.4

6.6

6.4

5.8

8.3

6.0

6.4

6.5

6.2

5.3

6.4

5.4

5.5

55.0

59.5

51.8

47.4

52.4

47.9

42.2

44.1

44.3

48.1

41.5

43.7

40.5

41.2

37.3

33.8

33.5

32.2

14.5

14.1

12.3

12.6

13.8

12.6

9.7

8.9

9.2

8.6

g.~

7.4

8.9

6.9

8.E

7~..

6.7

9.3

58.9

5Q.9

58.6

54.5

51.1

52.3

52.0

44.9

52.9

48.3

44.7

46.7

52.1

42.3

48.4

44.9

37.6

44.0

10.3

10.7

12.0

11.9

12.3

12.5

10.1

10.3

7.8

9.8

8.3

6.9

9.7

4.9

8.0

6.5

6.8

8.2

48.3

55.1

50.4

59.7

47.9

34.4

42.6

47.7

39.4

45.7

45.7

36.3

38.6

44.2

32.7

30.4

34.6

40.0

15.8

11.4

9.6

12.4

10.3

7.1

10.4

13.4

6.9

10.5

8.2

9.5

7.0

9.3

6.3

4.3

5.0

10,1

38.9

27.9

31.3

36.8

49.1

35.3

40.8

23.5

43,2

17.1

38.5

55.6

35.3

63.1

37.9

51.7

33.3

35.1

10.6

12.4

9.1

7.2

5.7

9.8

6.6

3.8

7.7

11.5

7.0

7.5

20.4

11.1

14.3

10.0

17.5

5.0

12.0

12.4

11.7

11.0

11.1

10.5

9.9

10.0

10.1

10.2

9.7

10.3

9.5

9.2

9.2

8.7

8.1

8.3

3.1

3.1

2.9

3.0

3.1

3.1

2.4

2.5

2.2

2.8

2.3

2.2

2.5

2.1

%

1.6

2,2

2B~d on ~ so-percent sample of deatha.

3 ~lgure~ by race e~~lude data fOr reSiden@ of New Jersey because this State did not require reporting Of the iteSSSfor these Ye3SS.

60
Table 11. Death rates for Malignent naoplesm of buccal cevity and pharynx, excluding lip, by age, race, and sex; and corrwponding age-adjustad ratas: United States,

1660-77

[ For 1968-71 rates are baaed on deaths assigned t. category numbers 141-149 of the Eighth RevMon Intematfonef ClaaasJ7cationof DLteares,Adapted for C& in the

United States, 1965 (ICDA); for 1960-67 rates are based on deaths assigned to category numbers 141-148 of the Seventh RevMon adopted in 1955. For method

of age adjustment, aee appendix l]

Race, sax, and year

Both *XES

19771 ............................................................................................................................

19761 ............................................................................................................................

19751 ............................................................................................................................

lQ741 ............................................................................................................................

19731 .........a..................................................................................................................

1!3721,2,. .......................................................................................................................

19711 ............................................................................................................................

19701 ,.,,,,,.,.,,, !.,... .........................................................................................................

1969 ..............................................................................................................................

1968 ..............................................................................................................................

lw7..a ............m..............................................................................................................

lm ..............................................................................................................................

1966 ..............................................................................................................................

,,r,,,,,...,,,,,,, ,,,.,.,,..,,,,,, $!..,.!.,...,, ..............................................................................

K& ..............................................................................................................................

lw2 ..............................................................................................................................

1961 ..............................................................................................................................

lmo ....................a.........................................................................................................

White, mele

1977~ ............................................................................................................................

1Q7131.............................................................................................................................

19751 .....................,..,,...,..,,.., !......................................................................................

1974~ ............................................................................................................................

19731 ............................................................................................................................

19721*2 ........................................" ...............................................................................

19711 ..........................................................!.................................................................

10701 .,,.,,,..,...,,,,,, .........................................................................................................

1969 ..............................................................................................................................

lm ............o......o..o.o.....oo!.............................................................................................

lm7 ..............................................................................................................................

lm ..............................................................................................................................

Iw ..............................................................................................................................

lg@ ............................................................................................................................

19623 ............................................................................................................................

1961 h........................!....................................................................................................

lMo ..............................................................................................................................

White, famele

19771 ............................................................................................................................

19761 ............................................................................................................................

19761 ............................................................... ............................................................

19741 ............................................................................................................................

19731 .............................................................................................................. .............

19721~2 .........................................................................................................................

19711 ............................................................................................................................

19ml ............................................................................................................................

lw7 ..............................................................................................................................

lw ..........................." .................................................................................................

l~s ............................................................................................ ..............................

19622............................................................................................................................

1961........................................................................<.! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

MO ..............................................................................................................................

8ee footnotes at end of table.

All

Sgas

—

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.7

3.6

3.3

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.3

5.4

5.3

5.2

5.3

5.2

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.5

5.4

5.1

5.2

5.1

5.1

5.2

5.2

5.3

5.3

2.3

2.2

2.3

‘2.2

2.2

2.0

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.7

1.8

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

I I I

years yaars

I I I

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2.

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.4

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0,2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.1

1.0

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.0

1.1

1.0

;:

1.2

1.2

0.9

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.1

1.3

1.2

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.7

0.7

0.6

0.7

-

Rate par 100,000 population

5.4

5.2

5.4

5.2

5.3

5.1

5.3

5.1

5.3

5.6

5.3

5.3

5.0

5.1

5.3

5.0

5.1

5.2

6.7

6.4

6.8

6.8

6.7

6.4

6.7

7.0

6.9

7.5

7.2

7.2

7.2

6.9

7.9

7.6

7.3

7.4

fl

2.6

2.3

2.6

%

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

3.0

2.4

2.5

2.4

2.0

2.4

2.7

12.6

12.4

12.4

12.4

12.1

12.4

12.6

12.6

12.7

11.9

11.2

10.9

10.9

10.9

10.9

10.3

10.1

9.6

17.6

17.9

17.5

18.5

17.5

18.0

19.0

19.3

20.0

18.6

18.5

16.1

17.7

17.6

17,9

16,5

17.0

16.0

6.7

6.6

6.6

6.3

6.4

6.4

6.4

8.1

5.7

5.5

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.6

4.0

4.1

3.6

3.7

16.3

15.9

16.5

15.6

16.1

15.1

15.4

15.2

14.7

14.4

14.1

14.3

14.1

14.2

14.4

14.9

15.1

15.1

26.9

26.0

27.7

28.3

27.0

25.2

28.8

2s.3

28.4

25.7

23.9

25.2

24.9

25.2

24.7

25.7

25.8

26.2

8.3

6.0

8.1

7.4

7.5

6.6

6.9

6.7

5.9

5.7

6.1

5.8

5.6

5.1

5.9

6.0

1%

19.0

18.1

17.9

20.1

17.9

17.9

18.8

20.2

19.9

19.8

17.7

19.7

18.2

20.0

19.9

21.3

22.0

22.9

32.5

33.2

30.4

35.5

31.9

31.9

32.9

34.4

35.1

34.4

31.2

34.3

32.1

35.6

34.1

35.7

38.0

38.6

11.0

9.5

10.7

11.2

9.6

9.2

10.4

10.9

10.6

10.6

9.0

10.0

9.2

9.1

10.2

11.0

11.4

11.6

22.7

22.6

23.5

23.5

25.9

24.6

28.5

26.8

29.0

31.2

28.9

31.3

29.1

33.9

33.4

36.5

33.9

31.2

42.4

38.0

40.4

40.6

45.1

45.7

42.0

43.9

47.2

52.1

48.0

50.9

50.1

53.8

55.0

62.6

58.1

55.0

15.4

17.4

17.1

16.8

19.0

16.0

20.7

18.7

21.0

21.8

18.5

22.2

16.1

23.5

20.6

22.9

22.3

17.9

3.1

3.0

2.9

3.0

2.9

2.9

3.a

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

4.4

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.4

4.3

:

4.6

4.7

4.4

4.5

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.6

4.5

4.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.3

.

61
Table 11. Death rates for Malignant naoplasm of buccal cavity and pharynx, excluding lip, by aga, rata, and sex; and corresponding age-adjusted rates: United Statas,

1960-77–Con.

[ For 1968-77 rates are based on deatha assigned to category numbers 141-149 of the Er&hth Revision International C7assiJ7cationof Diaeaees, Adapted for Uae in the

United States, 1965 (ICDA); for 1960.67 ratea are based on deaths asaigned to category numbers 141-148 of the Seventh Revidon addpted in 1955. For method

of age adjustment, see appendix I ]

Race, sex, and yaar

All other, male

1977 I ............................................................................................................................

19761 ............................................................................................................................

19751 ............................................................................................................................

19741 ............................................................................................................................

19731

19721,2 .........................................................................................................................

19711 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

19701 ............................................................................................................................

1969 ..............................................................................................................................

lW8 ..............................................................................................................................

1%7 ..............................................................................................................................

lW6 ..............................................................................................................................

1965 ..............................................................................................................................

lw ..............................................................................................................................

19633 ............................................................................................................................

19623 ............................................................................................................................

l%o ..............................................................................................................................

All other, female

19771 ............................................................................................................................

19761 ............................................................................................................................

19751

1974~:.::::::::::;; ::;::; :::::;::;:;::::::;::::::::;;;::::;:::::::::::.

19731 ............................................................................................................................

19721,2 .........................................................................................................................

19711 ............................................................................................................................

19701 ............................................................................................................................

lw9 ..............................................................................................................................

lW8 ..............................................................................................................................

lM7 ..............................................................................................................................

lw ..............................................................................................................................

lw5 ............................................................................................................................"

lw ..............................................................................................................................

1%33 ............................................................................................................................

18523 ............................................................................................................................

1861 ..............................................................................................................................

l%o ..............................................................................................................................

=

All

—

6.4

6.3

6.1

5.5

5.8

5.3

6.2

6.3

5.6

5.3

5.3

4.7

4.7

u

4.5

4.2

3.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.9

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.4

25-34

years

0.5

0.7

0.2

0.2

0.7

0.6

0.6

0.8

0.9

0.5

0.7

0.5

0.3

0.7

0.7

0.2

0.5

0.8

0.0

0.1

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.4

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.4

0.1

0.4

35-44

years

5.1

4.7

5.1

5.3

4.4

4.0

4.5

4.4

5.5

4.1

4.9

4,4

5.1

3.1

3.4

3.9

3.0

3,7

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.7

1.4

1.6

1.2

1.6

2.2

1.8

1.6

2.7

2.1

1.7

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

T

45-54 55-84

years years

I

65-74

years

75-84

years

Rate per 100,000 population

19.3

20.4

19.5

15.9

18.4

16.6

16.3

15.1

18.1

17.9

18.0

12.9

12.8

16.9

12.4

12.7

11.7

12.1

5.5

5.8

6.3

5.8

5.3

5.8

5.2

4.3

6.1

5.0

4.3

3.9

3.6

3.3

3.9

3.0

3.8

3.7

31.3

28.6

28.9

26.6

26.4

27.9

23.7

23.8

24.7

23.3

20.9

20.7

23.9

19,9

21.9

19.7

19.2

14.3

8.2

7.6

6.3

5.9

6.8

6.6

6.6

7.0

5.0

4.5

5.6

4.6

5.7

5.1

4.8

4.7

4.4

5.0

28.2

30.8

28.1

26.0

30.9

22.8

24.5

24.4

21.9

24.2

24.7

23.3

20.9

25.2

21.0

20.7

23.2

18.4

6.1

6.8

5.4

7.2

7.0

6.4

5.0

6.2

6.0

5.4

7.6

4.8

4.9

6.6

6.2

5.9

4.6

6.6

1Excludes deaths of nonresidenta of the United Statea.

%med on a 50-percent sample of deatha.

3 figures by race exclude data for ~e~idents Of New Jersey because this State did not require repOrtin&Z of the item for these Yeara.

33.8

25.2

24.6

29.6

23.0

24.9

21.3

33.7

24.0

22.0

20.7

24.5

14.7

27.3

20.0

23.6

18.3

18.6

8.1

6.8

8.7

5.7

7.9

10.6

8.2

8.7

4.5

7.9

5.6

9.0

7.5

8.8

5.2

6.7

5.6

11.3

85 years

and ovar

20.8

17.6

18.8

17.5

11.3

11.8

16.3

18.0

31.8

28.3

12.8

25.0

38.2

46.9

27.6

24.1

30.0

31.9

6.1

6.6

10.0

9.3

5.7

9.8

7.9

16.5

8.2

9.8

8.8

11.3

10.2

Y5

12.5

7.5

9.9

Awadjusted

rata

7.7

7.6

7.4

6.7

:::

6.3

6.3

6.7

6.3

6.3

6.6

5.6

6.0

5.4

6.1

5.0

4.5

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.0

2.0

2.1

1,8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.4

1.6

62 “
Tabla 12. Death rates for Malignant neoplasm of bladder, by age, race, and sex; and corresponding age-adjusted rates: United States, 1860-77

[ Fm 1968-77 rates we based mr deaths assigned to category number 188 of the Eighth Revision International Classification of Direases, Adapted for Use in the United

States, 1965 (ICDA); for 1960-67 rates are based cm deatha assigned trr cate~my number 181 of the Seventh Revision adcmted in 1955. Fm method rrf a~e adjustment, see appendix I]

-.

Race, sex, and year

Both saxes

1977~ .......................................................................................................................

1976~ .......................................................................................................................

19751

l974l::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

19731

19721*2 ....................................................................................................................

l97ll::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

19701 ........................................,.., ...........................................................................

1969 .........................................................................................................................

19a .........................................................................................................................

1867 .........................................................................................................................

lm .........................................................................................................................

1865,,,,.,. ,,.. ,,,,.., .,... ................................................................................................

lw .....i..................................................................................................................

lw3 ........................................................................................................................

lH2 ........................................................................................................................

1861 ........................................................................................................................

lMo ........................................................................................................................

White, male

19771

19761 .......`...................`.........................`........................................$. ................................

1974~ .......................................................................................................................

19721,2 ....................................................................................................................

19701 .......................................................................................................................

lw .........................................................................................................................

lw .........................................................................................................................

lw7 .........................................................................................................................

lm .........................................................................................................................

lM5 .........................................................................................................................

lm .........................................................................................................................

lw23 .......................................................................................................................

lwl .........................................................................................................................

lMo .........................................................................................................................

White, female

19771 .......................................................................................................................

19761 ......................”...... .........................................................................................

19751 .......................................................................................................................

19741 .....................................................................................................................0.

19731

1972112 ....................................................................................................................

,971 ~.......................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................

1869 .........................................................................................................................

lw .........................................................................................................................

lw7 .........................................................................................................................

1666 .........................................................................................................................

lw .........................................................................................................................

lM33 .......................................................................................................................

lM23 .......................................................................................................................

lwl ................................................a........................................................................

lwo .........................................................................................................................

See footnotex at ertd of table.

All

agas

—

4.5

4.!3

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.4

4.2

::

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.4

6.9

6.9

6.8

6.8

6.7

6.6

6.4

6.7

6.4

6.5

6.6

6.3

6.2

6.2

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.5

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.5

2.5

2.7

2.6

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

yaars

0.0

0..1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

O.ct

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

::;

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.2

45-54 55-54 65-74 75-64 65 years

years years years years and over

I i I I

Rate par 100,000 peculation

1.6

1.8

1.7

1.9

1.8

1.6

1.9

2.0

1.9

2.1

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.2

2.6

2.5

2.6

2.5

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.9

2.5

2.5

2.8

2.6

2.7

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.6

3.2

3.2

3.5

3.3

0.9

0.8

0.9

0.8

0.8

0.7

0.8

1.1

0.9

1.0

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.1

7.0

7.5

7:4

7.6

7.7

7.4

z

8.1

6.1

8.5

6.1

8.9

8.5

8.9

8.7

6.8

9.3

11.0

11.7

11.6

12.0

11.9

11.4

12.0

13.4

12.8

12.6

13.1

12.6

13.5

12.5

13.7

13.4

14.0

14.1

3.3

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.7

3.2

3.5

3.7

3.1

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.9

4.0

3.6

3.4

3.8

3.9

21.1

20.8

21.4

22.4

22.0

22.2

21.9

22.8

22.4

22.7

24.2

22.7

23,2

22.7

24.0

25.0

23.9

24.5

36.4

36.4

38.2

38.5

38.5

39.7

38,3

39.3

39.5

39.3

40.7

37.4

38.6

38.3

39.8

40.3

38.5

39.7

9.4

9.0

8.8

9.7

9.1

8.6

9.4

9.9

9.4

9.6

11.1

11.0

11.1

10.8

10.9

11.8

11.7

11.9

49.1

46.8

47.0

48.4

47.8

46.7

45.5

49.2

46.7

46.5

46.3

48.1

47.2

47.2

4B.O

47.3

46.0

51.6

91.1

91.2

88.1

89.0

87.6

84.5

80.6

84.7

7S.6

80.1

81.1

80.7

73.9

77.4

75.5

73.9

74.5

80.3

25.1

24.7

23.5

25.4

24.9

24.6

24.4

27.9

26.9

26.1

27.8

26.9

30.4

27.9

29.0

28.1

31.2

33.0

70.0

71.6

71.1

68.3

71.7

75.8

70.4

70.0

69.7

72.8

74.5

75.5

73.5

73.0

78.5

79.6

74.B

72.6

135.0

135.7

137.9

128.1

131.2

1.35.0

119.8

120.7

116.9

132.1

118.9

130.0

113.2

120.6

119.6

120.7

112.9

110.0

45.6

46.9

44.3

44.2

46.7

50.6

50.5

47.3

48.8

45.5

54.4

46.8

66.2

51.0

56.5

57.8

57.4

54.3

Agaadjusted

rate

2.9

2.9

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.0

E

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.*

3.2

3.1

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.4

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.1

5.1

:::

5.2

5.0

5.1

5.2

5.0

5.0

4.9

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.2

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.8

63
Table 12. Death rates for Malignant neoplasm of bkrdder, by age, race, and sex; and corraspmrding @e-adjusted retes: Unitad States, 1880-77-Con.

[For 1968-77 rates are based on deaths aasigned to category number 188 of the Eighth Revision IntemstiorraiCia@rTcationof Diseaaes,Adaptedfor Ute in the United

States, 1965 (tCDA); for 1960-67 rates am based on deaths assigned to category number 181 of the Seventh Revision adopted in 195S. For method of age adjustment, see appendix 11

Race, *x, end year

All other, mda

19771 .......................................................................................................................

1976~ .......................................................................................................................

1974~ ............!..!.. ......................................................................!.. ............................

19731 .......................................................................................................................

19721~2 ....................................................................................................................

19711 .......................................................................................................................

ls9 .........................................................................................................................

1868 .........................................................................................................................

lM7 .........................................................................................................................

l* .........................................................................................................................

1865 .........................................................................................................................

la3 .......................................................................................................................

18623 .......................................................................................................................

1861 ........................................................................0................................................

lm .........................................................................................................................

All othar, female

19771

19761 .......................................................................................................................

.9751 .......................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................

19741 .......................................................................................................................

19731 .......................................................................................................................

19721*2 ....................................................................................................................

19711 .......................................................................................................................

19701 .......................................................................................................................

1%7 .........................................................................................................................

lm .........................................................................................................................

1s5 .........................................................................................................................

1864 .........................................................................................................................

lm3 .......................................................................................................................

18623 .......................................................................................................................

1%1 ........................................................................................................................%

lm .........................................................................................................................

lExcIu&~ d~aths of nomesidents of the fJnited States.

2B~d on a so-percent samPle of deaths.

All

ages

—

3.6

3.8

3.3

3.6

3.5

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.8

3.6

3.9

3.9

3.6

3.4

3.6

3.5

3.7

3.6

2.2

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.2

z

2.0

2.1

2.2

2.7

2.2

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.6

2.1

2.6

25-34

years

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0,1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

35-44 46-54 55-64

yaars yaars years

I I

0.1

0.2

0.5

0.7

0.2

1.1

0.2

0.6

0.6

1.2

0.4

1.0

0.5

1.0

1.3

0.8

1.3

1.3

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.1

z

0.2

0.1

0.7

0.8

0.6

0.3

1.1

0.7

1.0

0.6

1.4

65-74 75-84 85 years

yaars years and over

I #

Rate per 100,000 population

2.5

2.9

2.2

3.6

2.8

3.6

3.9

4.1

3.4

4.4

5.0

4.4

6.2

5.9

6.3

7.0

6.6

6.1

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.2

2.7

z

2.5

2.8

2.8

4.3

3.0

3.7

2.8

3.7

4.6

4.6

5.3

9.4

15.8

13.0

11.5

13.0

15.0

13.0

13.7

15.9

12.6

17.0

15:0

17.1

16.4

14.7

13.5

13.6

16.3

5.9

5.0

7.0

7.7

5.8

z

5.6

8.3

7.0

9.5

E

10.7

10.6

10.6

7.3

10.4

28.5

26.1

25.1

32.7

31.5

26.5

31.3

31.6

30.2

29.5

31.8

32.3

27.2

24.1

28.3

28.8

31.1

26.8

15.1

13.4

14.2

16.8

17.3

19.6

12.9

16.4

13.0

16.7

18.7

14.8

15.5

13.3

12.5

16.0

15.1

16.3

67.9

51.7

50.9

46.3

51.6

54.5

54.0

46.6

60.0

40.9

42.9

42.5

36.4

31.4

38.2

30.4

30.2

32.0

22.9

28.6

25.6

26.4

22.3

19.1

21.9

24.4

24.3

19.7

24.2

28.0

25.8

23.4

21.4

23.9

17.8

20.3

52.8

66.2

48.4

50.9

41.5

62.7

53.1

55.9

70.5

48.8

43.6

77.8

38.2

21.9

58.6

44.8

43.3

41.5

31.1

26.4

32.7

24.7

38.6

31.7

16.4

21.6

20.0

32.8

40.4

25.4

20.6

31.1

23.8

20.0

16.0

28.8

Ageadjustad

rata

3.8

4,1

3.7

4.0

3.9

4.2

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.0

4.4

4.4

4.1

4.0

4.4

4.1

4.2

4.2

2.0

1.9

2.0

2.2

2.1

E

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.8

2.4

2.6

2,6

2.5

2.8

2.3

2.9

3 Mgure5 by race ex~l”de data for regidenm of New Jersey because this State did not Seqrih SapOrtirIg of the item for these Ye~.

64
Table 13, Death rates for specified noncoronary cardiovascular diseases, and corresponding age-adjustad rates, by race and sex: United Statas,

1960-77–Con.

[Numbers after causes of death are category numbers of the Eighth Revision International C70ssification of Diseases, Adapted for Use in the United States,

1965 (ICDA) and are used for 1968-77. Rates are baaed on deaths classified according to the Seventh Revtilon for 1960-67. For category numbers for

Seventh Revision, see Note at end of table. For method of age adjustment, see appendix I]

Race, sex, and yaar

White, female

19771 ...................................................................

19761 ...................................................................

19751 ...................................................................

19741 ...................................................................

19731 ...................................................................

19721~2 ................................................................

19711 ...................................................................

19701 ...................................................................

1%9 .....................................................................

lM8 .....................................................................

lm7 ..............m......................................................

lm ..............m......................................................

18633 ...................................................................

19623 .,,..,,,, ,,,,, .....................................................

1861 .....................................................................

1880 .....................................................................

All other, male

19771 ...................................................................

19761 ............................. ......................................

19751 ...................................................................

19741 .,, ,,,,,,. ,,,., ..,.., ..............................................

19731 ,., .,,, ,.,, ,.......................................................

1972192 ................................................................

19711

19701 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

lw9..o..................................................................

lm .....................................................................

1865#....................................................................

1864 .....................................................................

18833 ...................................................................

lm23 ...................................................................

1861 .....................................................................

1860 .....................................................................

(1)

Chronic disease

of endocardium

and other

myocardial

insufficiency

(424,428)

Total I

Ageadjusted

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.3

2.5

2.7

3.0

3.2

3.7

3.8

27.0

28.2

28.2

28.4

28.7

28,2

30.2

32.2

1.8

2.2

2.0

2,3

2.8

2.9

3.1

3.8

4.4

5.3

26.1

28,6

25.6

28.6

30.1

28.2

30.5

31:2

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.6

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.1

13.8

14.6

14.9

15.3

16.2

16.2

17.1

18.7

1.9

2.4

2.2

2,5

3.0

3.3

3.4

4.3

5.0

6.0

28.1

29.7

28.8

30.0

34.1

32.9

34.5

35.2

(2)

All other forms

of heart dkease

(420-423,

425-427,429)

rotal I

Ageadjusted

20.7

19.2

17.4

16.4

15.7

14.6

13.0

12.4

11.8

10.9

13.1

13.2

12.5

11.9

11.7

11,1

10.7

11.2

34.9

34.7

33.2

31.9

33.3

32.4

28.8

28.0

27.2

25.4

25.0

25.2

24.1

24.4

24.7

24.7

23.6

24.0

(3)

Hypertensive

heart disease

with or without

renal disease

(402,404)

“otal I

Agaadjusted

(4)

Diseases of

artaries,

arterioles, and

capillaries (excluding arteriosclerosis); and

Diseases of veins

and Iymphatice

and othar

diseases of circulatory system

(441448,

450-458)

Rate per 100,000 population

10.7

10.1

9.5

9.2

9.0

8.5

7.7

7.4

:::

7.9

8.1

7.7

7.5

7.5

7.1

7.0

7.4

38.3

38.2

37.0

36.1

37.7

36.8

32.7

32.0

31.4

28.2

28.5

28.9

27.6

27.8

28.3

28.2

27.0

27.4

6.1

5.3

5.6

6.0

6.4

6.8

7.1

7.7

8.1

9.0

25.0

27.2

28.2

30.1

32.0

33.5

34.6

37.1

7.1

7.1

7.5

8.1

9.1

10.1

10.4

11.8

13.1

14.1

48.3

53.4

53.7

56.0

61.2

62.4

62.4

67.1

2.3

2.3

2.5

2.8

3.1

3.3

3.5

3.9

4.3

4.8

14.0

15.6

16.3

17.7

19.2

20.3

21.5

23.6

7.8

7.9

8.5

9.0

10.4

11.6

12.0

13.6

15.2

16.2

65.8

62.0

62.4

66.0

71.0

72.0

71.9

77.5

17.7

17.7

17.4

18.2

17.8

17.5

17.3

17.3

17.4

17.4

11.9

11.7

11.1

10.3

10.0

9.3

8.5

8.4

18.3

18.9

18.8

19.2

19.3

20.3

20.1

19.6

19.9

21.2

15.4

15.2

14.6

13.9

14.2

12.1

12.2

11.6

9.3

9.4

9.6

10.2

10.2

10.2

10.3

10.4

10.6

10.8

8.0

8.0

7.6

7.1

u

6.1

6.1

20.1

21.1

21.1

21.9

22.0

23.4

23.1

22.4

23.1

24.5

17.8

17.7

16.9

16.2

16.4

14.1

14.1

13.4

(6)

Arteriosclerosis

(440)

18.7

17.2

16.9

18.9

19.1

18.8

18.4

18.4

19.3

19.7

22.1

22.8

22.3

22.2’

22.4

22.5

21.5

21.8

6.9

6.8

7.4

8.3

8.5

9.4

8.2

8.9

9.8

10.3

11.2

12.4

12.5

12.4

13.4

13.7

12.9

14.0

5.5

5.8

5.9

6.9

7.2

7.4

7.3

7.5

8.3

8.7

10.1

10.7

10.7

11.0

11.3

11.5

11.2

11.7

6.4

6.2

7.0

8.2

8.5

9.6

8.3

9.1

10.2

10.8

11.8

13.3

13.6

13.6

14.8

15.0

14.3

15.5

see footnotes atend of table.

, 65
Tabla 13. Death rates for spacified noncoronary cardiovasculardisaases,and correspondingega-edjustadratas, by reca and sax: United Stetas,

1960-77

[Numbers after causes of death are category numbers of the Eighth Revision International C%uai@cationof Direaaw, Adapted for C& in the United SfSSfeJ,

196 S (ICDA) and are used for 1968-77. Rates are baaed on deaths classified according to the Seventh Revkdon for 1960-67. For category numbers for

Seventh Revision, see Note,at end of table. For method of age adjustment, see appendix I]

Race, sex, and year

Both wxas

19771 ...................................................................

19761

19751 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.:::::::::::::

19741 ...................................................................

19731 ...................................................................

19721!2 ................................................................

19711

l97ol::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;::::::::::

1%9 .....................................................................

1968 .....................................................................

1%7 .....................................................................

1%6 .....................................................................

1%5 .....................................................................

19a .....................................................................

1%3 .....................................................................

lM2 .....................................................................

1961 .....................................................................

1960 .....................................................................

Whita, mala

19771 .9761 ................o....................................oo............

....................................................................

19751 ...................................................................

19741 ...................................................................

19731 ...................................................................

19721,2 ................................................................

19711 ...................................................................

19701 ...................................................................

1%7 .....................................................................

19m .....................................................................

lM5 .....................................................................

lm .....................................................................

ls33 ...................................................................

lm23 ...................................................................

1881 .....................................................................

l%o .....................................................................

(1)

Chronic dieease

of endocardium

and othar

myocardial

insufficiency

(424,428)

1.9

2.0

2.1

2.3

2.4

2.7

3.0

3.3

3.7

3.9

26.7

27.4

27.5

27.9

29.7

29.4

29.9

31.8

2.0

1.9

2.1

2.3

2.4

2.7

2,9

3.3

3.7

3.8

27.0

27.4

27.7

28.0

28.3

28.9

30.1

32.1

1,2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.9

2.0

2.3

2.6

2.8

17.6

18.2

18.5

19.0

20.3

20.3

20.8

22.5

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.8

1.8

2.1

2.3

2.6

2,9

3.0

20.4

20.8

21.1

21.4

22.3

22.0

23.0

24.7

(2)

All othar forms

of heart dieease

(420423,

425427, 428)

24.6

23.2

21.2

20.4

19.7

18.3

16.6

15.9

15.0

14.1

15.8

15.9

15.1

14.5

14.5

13.9

13.8

14.3

26.9

25.2

23.0

22.4

21.4

19.7

18.0

17.2

16.2

15.1

17.0

17.0

16.1

15.4

15.7

15.3

15.2

15.9

(3)

Hypertensive

heart disease

with or without

ranal disease

(402,404)

Total Ageadjustad

(4)

Diseasesof’

arteries,

arterioles, and

capillaries (axcludirrgartarioeclerosis);and

Diseasesof veins

and Iymphatics

and other

diseasesof circulatory system

(441-448,

450458)

Total I

Agaadjusted

Rate per 100,000 population

16.8

16.1

15.0

14.7

14.4

13.7

12.4

12.0

11.5

10,9

11.8

12.0

11.5

11.2

11.3

10.9

10.9

11.3

20.7

19.7

18.1

17.9

17.2

16.0

14.7

14.1

13.4

12.5

13.7

13.8

13.2

12.6

12.9

12.6

12.6

13.2

4.8

5.0

5.1

5.7

6.1

6.5

6.8

7.3

8.1

8.9

25.3

27.7

26.4

30.1

32.4

33.5

34.6

37.0

3.8

3.9

3.9

4.5

4.8

5.0

5.4

5.8

6.5

7.1

18.9

20.7

21.2

22.3

24.1

24.9

26.2

28.3

3.0

3.0

3.2

3.6

3.9

4.3

4.5

4.9

5.5

6.1

18.2

20.1

20.8

22.2

24.1

25.0

26.0

28.2

2.6

2.8

2.9

3.3

3.5

3.8

4.0

4.2

5.0

5.3

14.8

16.3

16.7

17.6

19.0

19.7

20.7

-22.5

20.1

20.2

20.0

20.7

20.8

20.9

20.4

20.6

20.6

20.9

15.2

14.7

14.1

13.5

12.9

12.2

11.3

11.0

23.4

23.9

23.5

24.4

24.9

25.2

24.2

24.8

24.6

25.1

18.7

17.9

17.4

17.0

16.1

15.4

14.3

14.0

13.3

13.6

13.8

14.5

14.8

15.1

14.9

15.0

15.3

15.6

11.8

11.5

11.2

10,8

10.4

9.8

9.2

9.0

17.6

18.3

18.0

18.9

. 19.6

20.1

19.4

19.8

19.9

20.3

15.3

14.8

14.4

14.1

13.4

12.8

11.9

11.7

(5)

Artariosclarosis

(440)

13.3

13.7

13,6

15.3

15.5

15.6

15.3

15.6

16.4

16.8

19.0

19.9

19.7

19.4

19.9

19.8

19.3

20.0

11.7

12.0

12.0

13.5

13.8

14.1

14.0

14.6

15.3

15.7

18.o

19.1

19.0

18.5

19.4

19.2

19.0

20.0

6.2

6.4

6.6

7.6

8.0

8.2

8.2

8.4

9.2

9.6

11.1

11.9

12.0

12.1

12.5

12.6

12,4

13.2

7.2

7.4

7,5

8.7

9.0

9.3

9.3

9.6

10.4

10.8

12,5

13.4

13.5

13.3

13.9

13.8

13.8

14.7

See footnotes at end of table.

66
Table 13. Death rates for specified noncoronary cardiovascular diseases, and corresponding age-adjusted rates, by reca and sex: Unitad States,

1960-77–corL

[Numbers after causes of death sre category numbers of the Eighth Revision Zrrtematforsaf Classij7cation of D&uw.ses,Adapted for Use in the United states,

196S (ICDA) and are used for 1968-77. Rates are beeed on deaths classified accordin~ to the Seventh Revkdon for 1960-67. For category numbers for

Sevent_h Revi’aion, see Note at end of table. For method of age adjustment, see appendk- I]

Race, sex, ●nd year

All othar, female

19771 ...................................................................

19761 ...................................................................

19751 ...................................................................

19741,,,,,,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ..............................................

19731 ...................................................................

19721s2 .,..............................................................

19711 ...................................................................

19701 ...................................................................

1869 .....................................................................

1988 .....................................................................

lm7 .....................................................................

lm ...........o.........................................................

1865 .,. ,.,.. ,,,.,., ,., ...................................................

1864 .....................................................................

18633 ...................................................................

1*1 0,,,, !,, ., . . ...0... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1860 .....................................................................

(1)

Chrohic diseasa

of endocardium

and other

myocerdial

insufficiency

(424,428)

I

Total ‘Wadlusted

1.8

1.5

1.4

2.0

2.3

2.4

2.8

3,3

3.6

4.4

22.6

22.4

22.5

23.9

25.9

26.2

25.2

27.1

lExcludes deaths of nonresidenta of the United States.

2Based on a 50.percent sample of deaths.

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.9

2.2

2.4

2.7

3.1

3.5

4.2

22.0

22.1

22.4

24.3

26.6

27.4

26.8

29.2

(2)

All othar forms

of heart disease

(420-423,

425427, 428)

25.9

25.9

23.3

23.7

23.2

22.4

20.7

20.0

18,9

18.8

18.8

19.2

18.0

18.1

18.8

17.8

17.6

16.9

(3)

Hypertensive

heart disease

with or without

renal disease

(402,404)

(4)

Disaeses of

arteries,

erteriolas, and

capillaries (excluding arteriosclerosis); and

Diseases of veins

and Iymphatics

and othar

W-eases of circulatory syatam

(441-448,

450458)

rotal Agaadjusted

Rate per 100,000 population

23.7

24.2

22.3

23.0

22.9

22.6

20.8

20.5

19.7

19.6

19.5

20.1

19.1

19.4

20.4

19.5

19.4

18.6

7.6

7.6

8.1

9.1

9.3

10.6

10.7

12.2

13.6

15.5

50.1

55.8

57.0

61.1

66.9

67.6

,69.5

72.4

7.0

7.0

7.6

8.7

9.1

10.5

10.8

12.4

13.7

15.9

52.5

58.9

60.9

66.0

72.8

74.2

77.0

81.3

15.8

15.5

16.0

16.2

16.9

16.8

16.6

16.6

16.5

16.6

13.9

13.3

12.4

11.6

11.2

10.2

9.7

9.4

14.8

14.6

15.4

15.9

16.7

17.2

17.1

17.0

17.3

17.4

15.0

14.6

13.6

12.9

12.5

11.4

10.9

10.6

3 Figures by race exclude data for residents of New Jersey because this State did not require reporting of the item for these yeere.

(5)

Arteriosclerosis

(440)

rotal I

Ageadjuetad

7.4

7.8

7.5

8.7

9.2

9.3

9.0

8.9

9.5

10.0

10.7

12.0

11.9

12.1

12.5

12.2

11.4

12.0

5.1

5.3

5.4

6.6

7.2

7.5

7.4

7.5

8.1

8.9

9.5

11.1

11.1

11.6

12.2

12.0

11.4

12.3

NOTE: The most nearly comparable category numbers according to the Seventh Revision are: Col. (l), (421, 422); Col. (2), (430-434); CIA (3),

(440-443); Col. (4), (451-468); and Col. (5), (4S0).

67
Table 14. Death,r@asfor Malignant neoplasmof pancreas,by age, raea, and sax; and correspondingSW-adjusted rate= United States, 1950-77

[For 1963-77 rates ue based on deaths asaigned to category number 157 of the Eighth Revision International C&w@mtiors of Dixa.w& Adapted for We in

theUni&d Statq 196S (ICDA); for 19S0-67 rates are baaed on deaths asaigned to category number 1 S7 of the Sixth and Seventh Rwisions adopted,

respectively, in 1948 and 195s. For method of age adjustment, see appendix I]

Race, sex, end year

Both sexes”

19771 .................................................................................................

19761 .................................................................................................

19751 .................................................................................................

19741 .................................................................................................

19731 .................................................................................................

1972112..............................................................................................

19711 .................................................................................................

19701 .................................................................................................

lw9 ...................................................................................................

lw7 ...................................................................................................

lw ...................................................................................................

1%5 ...................................................................................................

...................................................................................................

:E...................................................................................................

1862 ...................................................................................................

1860...................................................................................................

1958 ...................................................................................................

1955 ...................................................................................................

1956 ...................................................................................................

1953 ..................................................................................................,

1951 ...................................................................................................

1950 ...................................................................................................

White, mele

19771 .................................................................................................

19761 .................................................................................................

19751 .................................................................................................

19741 .................................................................................................

19731 .................................................................................................

19721,2 ..............................................................................................

19711 .................................................................................................

19701 .................................................................................................

1869 ...................................................................................................

1867 ...................................................................................................

lm ...................................................................................................

1%5 ...................................................................................................

lw ...................................................................................................

ls33 .................................................................................................

18623 .................................................................................................

lwl ...................................................................................................

lm ...................................................................................................

1959 ...................................................................................................

1956 ...................................................................................................

1956 ...................................................................................................

1965 ...................................................................................................

See footnotes at end of table.

All

ages

1 I

I

25-34 35-44 46-54

years years years

55-64

years

9.5

9.2

9.1

8.9

8.9

8.7

8.7

8.8

8.8

8.7

8.6

8.4

8.3

8.0

8.1

8.1

7,8

7.6

7.5

7.4

7.2

7.4

6.9

8.8

6.4

6.3

6.1

5.9

10.6

10.4

10.4

10.1

10.4

10.1

10.1

10.4

10.3

10.4

10.3

10.0

9.9

9.7

9.8

9.8

9.6

9.2

2

H

8.5

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

0,3

0.3

0.3

R

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.4

0,3

0.3

0.3

1.7

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.7

2.0

1..9

1.8

1.8

1.9

2.0

1.8

1.9

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

;::

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.5

2.0

1.9

2,0

1.9

2.0

2.0

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.1

2.2

2.1

2.0

fl

2,2

2.1

2.1

Rate per 100,000 population

7.4

7.6

7.3

7.7

7.7

7.5

7.6

8.0

7.8

B.O

8.1

8.0

7.7

7.8

7.9

8.1

7.5

7.8

7.7

7.7

7.1

7.7

7.0

::

6.7

6.4

6.8

8.9

9.3

9.0

9.5

9.6

6.8

9.7

10.0

9.9

9.7

10.1

9.9

9.6

9.5

10.2

10.0

9.3

9.5

9.7

10.1

E

8.5

22.4

22.3

22.7

23.3

22.7

22.0

21.8

22.8

22.3

22.8

22.4

22.1

22.3

21.6

22.3

22.5

21.6

20.8

21.2

20.8

21.0

21.7

20.0

19.7

19.1

19.3

18.7

18.2

27.1

26.8

26.6

28.3

27.8

28.7

27.4

28.3

27.9

28.0

28.7

28.2

27.9

28.1

28.8

26.7

27.8

26.4

26.5

26.2

26.6

27.0

25.0

46.0

45.6

46.0

44.9

45.4

45.2

45.8

45.4

47.0

45.9

45.5

44.4

44.2

43.9

44.0

43.7

43.6

41.6

41.7

40.2

40.4

39.6

39.2

38.5

36.0

34.4

35.5

34.5

56.4

56.8

56.6

56.4

58.0

60.5

57.7

59.7

59.2

59.5

60.0

57.9

56.6

56.8

56.7

57.7

55.8

52.8

53.3

49.7

50.7

49.2

49.9

77.5

74.6

74.7

71.7

72.1

69.0

70.5

72.8

71.2

72.0

69.4

68.1

69.7

66.3

67.7

67.0

64.6

65.B

63.6

62.1

61.2

64.4

58.5

57.1

57.6

56.6

51.9

53.2

86.9

86.1

86.8

80.1

84.8

64.0

66.2

91.9

89.6

80.5

86.4

86.3

66.4

81.9

82.5

82.8

81.6

80.7

77.8

76.1

76.0

79.6

72.6

81.1

76.4

76.3

75.2

79.8

76.8

80.0

78.0

66.3

85.0

85.9

90.1

64.6

81.0

87.1

81.1

82.9

75.7

73.1

71.9

68.7

72.1

66.0

65.2

60.6

60.4

59.6

56.2

111.1

86.8

101.3

95.6

109.9

91.4

105,2

91.4

110,6

112.3

1’10.6

108.1

110.5

85,6

105.7

92.5

=.8

82.2

93.9

El .0

78,8

64.4

74.1

6.7

6.6

6.7

6.7

6.7

6.6

6.6

6.7

6.7

6.8

6.7

6.6

6.6

::

6.6

6.4

6.2

H

6.0

6.2

5.8

5.7

5,5

!5.4

5.3

5.3

8,3

6.2

8,3

8.2

8.4

8.3

8.4

8.6

8.6

8.6

8.6

8.4

8.3

8.2

H

8.1

7.6

7.8

7.6

7,6

7.6

7.2

.,

68
Table 14. Death rates for Malignant neoplasmof pancreas,by age, reee, and sex; and corresponding~adjusted rates United Statas, 1950-77-Con.

[For 1968-77 rates are baaed on deaths assigned to category number 157 of the Eighth Revision Intamational C7aa@7cation of Diaea.w~ Adapted for U.!. in

tfse United Statm, 196S (ICDA); for 19S0-67 rates are based on deaths assigned to category number 1 S7 of the Sith and 8aventh Revisionsadopted,

respectively, in 1948 and 195S. For method of age adjustment, see appendw I]

Race, sex, and year

,White, male–Con.

1954 ...................................................................................................

1953 ...................................................................................................

1952 ...................................................................................................

White, female

19761 .................................................................................................

19741 .................................................................................................

19731 .................................................................................................

1972112 ..............................................................................................

19711 .................................................................................................

1%8 ...................................................................................................

1%7 ...................................................................................................

19m ...................................................................................................

ls5 ...................................................................................................

1m ...................................................................................................

19623 .................................................................................................

1961 ...................................................................................................

lmo ...................................................................................................

1959 ...................................................................................................

1955 ...................................................................................................

1954 ...................................................................................................

1953 ,,,,..,,,.. ,,.,,.,.. ...............................................................................

1952 ...................................................................................................

1951 ...................................................................................................

1950 ...................................................................................................

AH othar, mala

19771 .................................................................................................

19751 .................................................................................................

19741 .................................................................................................

19731 .................................................................................................

1972112 .,.,,,,.,,,,.,,,,. ,...........................................................................

19701.,,,............................................................................................

19633 .................................................................................................

18623 .................................................................................................

lwl...................................................................................................

1860...................................................................................................

See footnotes at end of table.

All 25-34

ages years

I I

years

65-74

years

75-64

yaars

65 years

and over

Agaadjustad

rata

6.4

8.0

7.6

7.7

7.3

8.9

8,5

8.3

8.2

7.9

7.8

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.5

7.3

7.2

7.1

6.9

6.8

6.8

6.5

6.5

6.3

6.2

6.1

6.2

5.7

5.7

5.4

5.4

5.1

5.2

9.3

9.0

9.2

8.3

8.8

8.5

Y4

9.2

9.0

8.4

8.4

8.8

7.7

7.8

7.4

8.0

7.4

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

;;

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.5

0.7

E

0.2

E

u

0.5

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.0

1.9

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.2

1.2

;::

1.4

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.4

‘i:;

1.2

1.0

1.1

1.0

0.9

3.2

1.9

3.6

2.3

2.7

4.2

4.0

2.4

3.5

3.2

3.6

3.7

3.0

3.6

3.7

3.0

3.5

4.1

Rate per 100,000 population

8.9

8.5

8.3

u

5.2

5.2

4.9

5.4

5.3

5.1

5.2

5.7

5.0

5.6

5.4

5.3

5.1

5.3

4.8

5.2

4.7

5.3

4,9

4.7

4.8

::

4.7

4.3

4.4

4.4

4.7

13.3

13.2

13.2

12.2

14.1

16.1

12.1

13.4

15.5

16.0

14.3

16.2

15.1

14.6

12.7

16.4

14.9

13.7

25.1

24.4

24.4

23.9

22.5

16.3

16.6

16.8

17.1

16.5

14.9

15.0

15.7

15.9

15.6

15.4

15.2

15.5

14.2

14.7

15.6

14.3

14.3

14.9

14.3

14.3

15.5

14.2

14.0

13.5

13.7

13.2

13.9

39.4

37.7

44.0

38.7

36.3

33.8

39.2

34.9

40.0

38.3

36.6

36.0

39.7

32.2

35.2

30.5

36.2

33.5

46.7

44.1

42.0

44.7

41.4

38.0

35.0

35.1

35.0

34.1

34.8

35.0

33.3

36.1

34.2

33.8

33.2

33.6

33.1

32.9

32.4

32.9

32.3

31.9

31.9

31.9

32.3

30.3

30.9

30.1

28.8

28.9

28.7

68.8

71.4

66.6

62.3

74.5

61.7

84.3

65.0

66.8

63.5

60.7

63.4

66.1

60.7

5s.3

50.9

57.1

58.0

69.4

70.0

65.5

64.2

63.5

66.0

62.0

61.2

60.3

56.9

60.6

59.4

60.8

60.0

60.4

58.7

56.3

58.4

57.2

57.7

57.2

54.4

57.1

54.6

53.0

52.9

55.0

50.2

49.6

50.8

52.1

45.2

46.4

97.4

88,8

91.5

65.2

73.2

78.5

87.6

89.1

88.4

89.6

73.9

65.9

80.1

59.3

68.5

63.4

52.2

48.7

77.3

69.8

67.6

73.4

65.5

71.4

70.1

68.5

69.7

88.8

70.6

69.7

74.7

80.8

73.9

76.6

63.3

74.8

77.3

80.4

77.0

77.7

72.7

63.7

71.5

66.1

E

63.1

60.6

59.7

55.4

64.6

79.2

68.1

53.1

59.6

75.5

82.4

69.4

54.1

75.0

82.9

82.1

80.6

58.8

::!

51.7

70.0

25.5

7.2

6.8

6.6

6.7

6.4

5.2

5.1

5.0

5.1

5.0

4.9

4.9

5.0

5.0

z

4.9

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.6

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.7

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.1

4.3

10.5

10.1

10.6

9.6

10.1

9.9

10.0

9.6

10.7

10.4

E

10.2

9.0

9.0

6.6

9.3

8.7

69
Table.14. Death retasfor Malignant naoplesmof pancreas,by age, rata, and sex; and correspondingege-edjustadrates United States, 1950-77-Con.

[For 196S=77 rates are based on deaths auigned to category number 157 of the E&hth Revf.rfon International Clawfj7cation of Dfssues, Adapted for Use fn

the United States, 1965 (ICDA); for 1950-67 rates are based on deaths assigned to category number 157 of the Siith and seventh Revisiom adopted,

respectively, in 1948 and 1955. For method of age adjustment, see appendw I]

Race, sex, and year

Ail othar, male–Con.

1953 ...................................................................................................

1952 ...................................................................................................

1951 ...................................................................................................

All other, femala

19771 .................................................................................................

19761 .................................................................................................

19751 .9741 ...........................................................................m.....................

.................................................................................................

19731 .................................................................................................

19721V2..............................................................................................

19711 .................................................................................................

19701 .................................................................................................

1%9 ...................................................................................................

1968 ...................................................................................................

1%7 ...................................................................................................

lw ...................................................................................................

l%l..#............................................o..................................o.o.............

1960 ...................................................................................................

19m ...................................................................................................

1957 ...................................................................................................

1955 ...................................................................................................

1954 ...................................................................................................

1953 ...................................................................................................

1952 ...................................................................................................

1951 ...................................................................................................

1950 ...................................................................................................

lE~clude,q deatha Of no~eajdent~ Of the united Statea.

AII I II 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84

ages yaars yaars yaars years yaars yaars

II I 1 I 1 1

Rate par 100,000 population

7.6

7.2

7.0

6.9

6.9

5,8

5.5

5.8

4.8

4.5

6.8

6.8

6.6

6.5

6.3

5.8

6.4

5.9

5.5

5.7

5.6

5.5

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.5

5.1

4.5

4.5

4.6

4.0

4.2

3.7

3.7

3.0

3.3

3.2

2.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.5

0.5

0.2

0.3

0.9

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.1

0.3

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.5

0.2

0,2

0.4

0.5

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.4

0.2

0.4

0.2

4.2

2.2

3.3

3.0

2.8

2,5

2.2

2.8

1.2

2.7

1.9

1.3

1.7

1.8

2.4

1.7

2.1

2.2

2.0

1.6

1.6

1.9

1.3

1.7

1.7

2.1

2.5

1.7

2.3

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.5

2.0

1.7

1.5

2.3

1.2

13.1

15.0

11.5

13.4

14.4

12.7

11.8

13.4

10.9

9.5

8.8

8.5

7.6

9.1

8.1

8.9

8.0

7.3

8.0

8.1

10.2

9.3

8.4

9.8

9.4

9.7

9.9

9.3

9.0

7.9

7.3

9.1

9.3

7.9

6.3

6.6

7.6

6.1

35.2

34.2

36.0

33.7

34.7

26.9

26.5

29.1

26.0

22.2

24.7

24.4

26.3

25.5

25.8

21.9

23.4

23.7

19.7

23.5

22.2

23.3

23.2

25.0

22.3

25.9

21.1

21.3

21.1

23.6

22.0

22.9

17.9

19.5

15.0

17.3

16.2

15.5

53.0

51.9

49.9

42.9

47.0

36.6

38.7

31.3

30.6

28.2

42.4

45.3

42.6

42.7

39.9

38.5

47.0

40.5

41.9

42.5

35.6

33.6

31.3

31.9

34.4

35.7

35.8

27.2

27.7

27.3

25.1

21.7

22.4

20.5

16.5

21.8

17.3

17.9

59.7

50.4

44.4

60.0

41.6

48.7

36.0

42.7

29.2

22.8

63.5

62.3

62.8

62.2

60.6

49.6

56.3

54.0

44.5

46.0

50.6

55.7

52.6

42.0

47.4

41.3

36.9

42.4

37.3

48.4

27.6

29.0

28.0

27.8

28.1

27.6

19.8

20.5

85 years I

Agaand over adjustad

rata

48.3

48.1

69.2

36.0

54.2

18.2

14.3

50.0

15.8

37.5

43.9

50.4

37.3

36.1

38.4

61.0

55.3

49.6

44.6

44.3

35.1

47.2

38.8

24.4

33.3

50:0

47.5

17.4

38.5

18.4

16.2

33.3

17.6

15.6

12.9

13.8

21.4

7.7

8.8

8.5

8.1

8.0

8.1

6.8

6.5

6.7

5.6

5.3

6.6

6.6

6.5

6.7

6.5

6.0

6,6

6.1

5,8

6.1

6.0

6.0

5.6

5.8

:::

5.8

5.2

5,2

::;

4.9

4.4

4.3

3.6

4.0

3.8

3.4

2Baaed on a 50-percent sample of deatha.

3Fjgure,qby race exclude data for residents of New Jersey because this State did not require reporting of the item for theSe Years.

70
Tabl. 15, Death rates for Malignant neoplasm of kidney, by qe, race, and sex; and corresponding ~edjuated rates: Unit&l States, 1950-77

[For 1968-77 rates are tmaed on deaths assigned to category numbers 189.0-189.2 of the Eighth RevMon Infemational C7a@7cation of Dt&mae8 A&pted

fa Uss in tha United Statesj 1965 (ICDAh for 195W67 rateaareLmaadon deaths asaignedto category number 180 of the Sith and Seventh Revisions

adopted, respectively, in 1948 end 1955. For method of age adjustment, see appendix I]

Rem, sex, and yaar

Both sexes

19771 .................................................................................................

10761 .................................................................................................

19761 ,,,,,,.,.,...,, ,,.,,,,.,,,,,,,,,,,,.,..,.., ...............................,...,,,..,.,.,,.,,,.,..

19741 .................................................................................................

19731 .................................................................................................

1972112..............................................................................................

19711 .................................................................................................

19701 .................................................................................................

lm ...................................................................................................

186s...................................................................................................

1867 ...................................................................................................

lm ...................................................................................................

1865 ,,.,..................0............................................................................

1864...................................................................................................

lw3 ...................................................................................................

lm2 ...................................................................................................

1*1 ...................................................................................................

19w ...................................................................................................

196s ,.............0.....!..............................................................................

1967 ...................................................................................................

1956 ...................................................................................................

1955 ...................................................................................................

19M ...................................................................................................

1952 ...................................................................................................

Whita, mala

19751 .................................................................................................

19741 .,,.,, .,,,.......................................................................................

19731 .................................................................................................

19721.2, . ............................................................................................

19711 .................................................................................................

19701 ..........................#......................................................................

lw ...................................................................................................

lm ...................................................................................................

1867 ...................................................................................................

lw ...................................................................................................

lM6 ...................................................................................................

lm ...................................................................................................

18633.................................................................................................

18623 .................................................................................................

1961 ...................................................................................................

1959 ...................................................................................................

195& ..................................................................................................

lQ67 ...................................................................................................

lQm ..................................................................................`................

1955 ...................................................................................................

All

3.4

3.3

3’.*

3.2

3.1

3.i

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.C

3.C

Z.g

Z.g

2.E

2.E

2.s

2.E

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.5

4.3

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.0

4.1

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.7

3.s

3.s

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.5

25-34

years

0.2

0.2

0,2

0.2

fr.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.3

z

0.3

0.2

0.3

35-44 45-54

yaars years

M

1.0

1.0

0.9

1.0

0.9

1.1

1.0

1.0

;::

1.1

1.0

0.9

0.9

1.0

1.0

0.8

1.0

1.0

0.9

0.9

1.0

1.0

0.9

0.9

0.9

1.4

1.2

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.1

1.3

1.3

1.1

1.1

55-64

years

65-74

years

75.s4 85 years

years and over

Rate per 100,000 population

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.7

3.6

3.7

3.6

3.4

3.7

3.5

3.s

3.7

3.6

3.4

3.3

3.4

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.3

3.3

5.9

5.6

5.6

5.7

5.1

5.1

5.3

5.1

5.6

5.2

5.2

5.3

5.1

5.5

5.3

5.2

4.s

4.7

5.2

5.0

4.8

4.7

4.7

9.a

8.9

S.8

9.2

9.a

8.8

S.6

8.9

8.7

8.5

8.3

S.4

8.2

8.2

8.1

7.9

8.3

8.1

S.1

7.6

8.1

8.2

8.2

S.o

8.1

S.2

7.6

7.8

13.0

13.2

13.1

13.3

13.4

13.3

12.6

13.1

12.9

12.5

12.1

12.4

12.1

11.9

11.8

11.0

11.s

12.1

11.5

11.1

11.7

11.6

11.7

15.5

15.4

15.3

15.2

14.6

15.C

14.5

14.~

14.5

15.1

14.~

14.6

14.6

14.a

14.3

14.1

14.a

13.6

13.4

13.7

13.3

12.8

12.7

12.2

12.3

12.4

11,.7

11.9

22.6

22.9

22.6

22.8

22.0

23.4

23.0

22.1

20.s

22.4

21.4

21.8

21.3

20.9

20.5

19.s

20.4

19.1

18.5

19.0

18.3

18,5

17.9

22.0

21.1

21.3

21.5

19.9

20.4

20.6

21.3

20.2

19.5

19.1

19.2

18.0

17.7

1s.1

16.8

17.4

17.0

16.8

16.3

16.4

15.6

15.9

16.2

13.5

14.2

13.7

13.9

33.s

31.8

30.6

33.0

29.0

33.3

32.0

30.5

31.3

28.7

26.5

27.0

24.4

24.1

26.2

22.7

24.2

22.9

22.9

20.7

20.5

19.9

1s.2

20.7

20.4

19.2

18.5

20.3

18.6

19.6

18.1

20.2

18.5

18.7

1S.o

16.6

17.2

17.1

16.2

18.4

14.7

15.0

15.2

15.5

15.1

14.2

11.9

12.3

13.5

11.2

11.4

34.5

31.9

30.6

2s.s

31.2

28.1

28.2

27.1

26.7

23.8

23.8

26.5

1S.2

20.6

19.9

20.4

19.6

16.9

19.3

15.8

17.0

15.9

16.3

Ageedjusted

rate

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.5

2.4

2.4

2

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.2

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.s

3.6

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

See footnotes at end of table.

71
Table 15. Death rates for Malignant neoplasm of kidney, by tw, race, and sax; and corresponding ew-ediusted ratas: United States, 1950-77-Con.

[For 1968-77 rates are based on deaths assigned to category numbers 189.0-189.2 of the Ekhth Revision International Clmsi17catfon of Diesw& Adapted

for U= in the CJrsitsdState& 1965 (ICDA); for 1950-67 rates a baaed on deaths assigned to eetegory number 180 of the Siith and Seventh Revisions

adopted, respectively, irs 1948 and 1955. For method of a8e a~

Race, sex, and year

Whita, male–Con.

19a ...................................................................................................

1953 ...................................................................................................

1952 ...................................................................................................

1951 ...................................................................................................

1950 ...................................................................................................

White, female

19771 .................................................................................................

19761 .................................................................................................

19751 .................................................................................................

19741 .................................................................................................

19731 .................................................................................................

19721P2..............................................................................................

1971 .............................................m.....................o...............................

1970 ...................................................................................................

1*9 ....................a..............................................................................

1%8 ...................................................................................................

lw7 ........m......................o...................................................................

lm ...................................................................................................

ls5 ...................................................................................................

lw ...................................................................................................

18633 .................................................................................................

18523 ........ ........................................................................................

1%1 ...............m...................................................................................

l%o ...................................................................................................

1959 ...................................................................................................

1958...................................................................................................

1957 ...................................................................................................

19s ...................................................................................................

1955 ...................................................................................................

19M ...................................................................................................

1953 ...................................................................................................

1952 ...................................................................................................

1951 ...................................................................................................

1950 ...................................................................................................

All other, male

19771 ................................................................................*..... ...........

19761 .................................................................................................

19751 .................................................................................................

19741 .................................................................................................

19731 ........................................ ................ ......................................

19721*2 ..............................................................................................

19711 .................................................................................................

19701 .................................................................................................

1%9 ...................................................................................................

1868 ...................................................................................................

lw7 ...................................................................................................

lM ...................................................................................................

1*5 ....................o......................................?.......................................

1864 ...................................................................................................

18633 .................................................................................................

18623 .................................................................................................

1961 ...................................................................................................

lm ...................................................................................................

stment, see appenti-l]

All 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85 years ‘~-

egas years years yaars years years yaars and over

adjusted

rate

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.2

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.0

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

2.5

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.6

2.3

2.4

2.3

2.7

2.5

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.0

2.2

2.2

2.0

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

z

0.4

0.3

0.7

0.6

0.2

0.4

0.4

0.1

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.2

1.4

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.2

0.6

0.5

0.7

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.5

0.7

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.7

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0,6

0.7

0.5

0.6

0.6

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.8

1.0

1.9

1.4

1.5

1.1

1.7

1.2

1.1

1.8

1.2

1.7

1.9

2.4

1.3

Rata par 100,000 population

4.4

4.5

4.8

4.5

4.6

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.0

2.1

2.1

2,3

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.8

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

1.9

2.2

2.2

2.1

2,0

2.1

2.2

1.7

2.1

2.0

5.3

5.5

4.2

4.5

z

4.2

5.6

4.5

6.3

5.2

5.5

3.2

5.6

5.3

5.6

3.4

4.9

11.2

11.8

11.6

10.5

10.7

5.8

5.4

5.4

5.9

5.3

5.2

5.2

5.5

5.2

5.2

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.1

4.9

5.1

5.1

4.9

5.2

4.8

5.0

5.3

5.2

5.3

5.0

5.2

5.2

5.3

10.4

11.2

10.0

10.6

10.7

10.5

10.2

9.6

11.4

11.4

10.7

9.0

8.8

8.6

8.6

7.6

10.1

6.8

16.6

16.7

16.2

15.3

15.4

10.9

10.4

10.4

10.6

9.7

10.6

9,6

9.5

10.4

10.3

10.4

10.0

10.1

9.4

10.2

10.0

9.5

9.7

9.7

10.0

9.7

6.8

9.4

9.4

9.2

9.9

9.4

9.5

15.4

17.1

17.7

12.7

14.5

16.4

15.0

14.6

14.6

16.0

15.8

10.9

13.2

13.5

10.1

12.4

10.4

12.1

20.6

18.3

17.9

16.9

17.0

16.0

15.8

16.8

15.6

15.6

13.0

14.8

16.4

14.0

14.3

15.3

14.9

14.2

14.3

13.2

13.8

13.5

13.7

13.4

14.0

14.6

13.3

15.4

13.9

12.4

12.2

12.3

12.5

18.4

15.4

17.0

16.7

14.1

23.9

15.’8

19.7

13.3

18.3

15.2

12.8

16.5

10.5

7.9

9.3

10,1

9.3

13.8

17.2

15.4

13.1

14.2

16.4

16.9

15.1

15.1

16.6

15.0

15.4

14.7

17.9

16.9

17.0

14.4

17.3

16.3

17.7

14.2

18.0

14.2

13.1

16.3

16.2

15.4

14.0

12.2

10.5

13.1

11.1

9.9

8.3

16.2

18.8

12.3

13.2

15.7

22.4

12.6

11.4

7.3

12.8

11.1

5.9

15.6

13.6

16,7

9.6

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.6

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1,6

2.9

3.0

2.8

2.8

2,7

3.0

2.7

2.8

2.7

3.1

2,9

2.4

2.6

2.6

2,4

2,6

2.5

2.2

See footnote at end of table.

72
Table 15, Death rates for Malignant neoplasm of kidney, by age, race, and sax; and correspondingaga-adjustedratax Unitad States, 1950-77-Con.

[For 1968-77 ratea are based on deaths assigned to category numbers 189.0-189.2 of the Efghth Revision International C70sdffcatfonof Dfaeasas,A&pted

for Usr fn tha United State& 1965 (ICDA); for 1950-67 rates are baaad on deaths aasigned to category number 180 of the Siith and Seventh Revisions

adopted, respectively, in 1948 and 1955. For method of age adjrratment, see appendix I]

I%ae, aax, and year

All other, mele-Con.

1969 .....................m.............................................................................

1958 ...................................................................................................

1958 ...................................................................................................

1955 ...................................................................................................

1964 ...................................................................................................

1953 ...................................................................................................

1961 ..........................................,.,..,,,,,.,.,,,,,,,,. ...................................

1950 ...................................................................................................

All other, female

19771 .................................................................................................

19761 .................................................................................................

19731 .................................................................................................

1972112,, ............................................................................................

19701 .................................................................................................

1969 ...................................................................................................

1968 .,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,.,,,.,,,,,,,,,,,,.., .......................................................

1966...................................................................................................

1865...................................................................................................

1864...................................................................................................

lg&J3

.................................................................................................

19623 .................................................................................................

lwl ...................................................................................................

lmo ...................................................................................................

10s9 ...................................................................................................

1958 ..,,,,,, ,,..,,,.., ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,,., ..........................................................

1957 ...................................................................................................

19E43,..,,..,.,,.,.,,.,.,,..,..,.,, .....................................................................

1966 ...................................................................................................

1951 ...................................................................................................

1950 ..,,,, ,,,,., ,,,,,,,.,,,,,,.,..,,,,,,.,., ............................................................

All

ages

2.0

2.2

2.1

1.9

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.5

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1,4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1..0

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.1.

2EL34

yaars

0.5

0.7

0.3

0.3

0.5

0.5

0.3

0.7

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.4

0.4

0.1

0.1

E

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.6

0.2

0.3

0:3

0.1

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.1

0.1

0.5

0.8

35-44

years

1.2

1.5

1.7

1.4

1.1

1.3

1.3

1.5

1.1

1.0

E

0.8

0.6

0.5

0.8

:;

H

0.5

0.6

0.6

1.1

0.6

1.1

1.0

0,8

1.0

0.7

0.8

1.1

0.7

0.8

1.0

0.8

0.9

0.8

45-54 55-64

yaars years

I

6S74

years

75-64

years

Rata par 100,000 population

2.5

5.5

4.9

4.1

3.2

4.1

3.6

3.6

2.8

3.9

2.1

2.4

1.7

2.1

Z

2.1

2.9

2.4

1.8

1.9

2.3

2.0

2.2

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.0

2.4

2.2

1.5

1.7

2.3

2.6

2.7

2.1

2.9

1.7

8.5

7.4

8.3

8.1

8.7

8.4

6.7

8.2

6.5

5.4

E

3.9

4.1

5.0

3.7

Yo

3.9

3.6

4.4

4.3

3.7

4.3

3.6

5.9

4.8

4.2

4.1

3.8

4.3

4.0

3.3

2.9

3.0

3.7

z

13.4

10.3

9.8

7.5

5.8

7.7

:;

8.0

7.0

6.7

7.9

7.0

6.2

6.7

8.0

6.4

4.4

5.8

5.5

7.6

6.0

5.7

4.0

5.3

5.1

5.0

5.1

3.9

4.7

5.3

4.7

3.6

2.4

4.6

5.0

3.2

4.6

9.7

12.2

7.4

10.0

5.6

4.2

4.4

8.2

3.8

6.9

11.1

12.7

10.9

9.7

7.2

7.8

E

E

5.6

7.7

8.5

6.8

4.7

6.0

~6

3.1

3.3

4.1

4.3

5.3

8.7

5.0

2.6

3.6

2.9

85 yaars

and war

10.3

3.7

3.8

12.0

8.3

5.4

9.1

5.8

6.4

5.2

4.5

7.3

9.2

5.1

12.3

9.8

8.8

7.5

4.1

4.4

7.1

5.0

15.0

7.4

7.7

5.3

2.7

5.6

2.9

10.3

3.6

11.5

Age

adjusted

rate

2.2

2.4

2.3

2.1

1.9

2.1

H

1.6

1.7

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.1

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.3

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

lExcludaa deaths of norrmaidents of the Urdted States.

2Baaed on ● Skpersont sample of de~thi

SFigwas by race exalude data for residents of New Jersey because th~ State did not require repotting of the item for these years.

73
Appendixes

Contents

1. Technical notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Nature andsources ofdata ..,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Population bases, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Age-adjusted rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Il. U.S. Standard Certificate of Death asrevised in 1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

111. Changes insmokingpatterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Appendix figure

1. U.S. Standard Certificate ofDeathas revised in 1968 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

74
Appendix L Technicalnotes

Nature and sources of data

Except for 1972, data shown in this report are

based on information from all death certificates from

the District of Columbia and from all States as they

were admitted to the death registration area. The

1972 data are from a 50-percent sample of deaths.

Mortality statistics are based on information obtained

directly from copies of the original certificates received from the registration offices except for data

provided in recent years to the National Center for

Health Statistics (NCHS) through the Cooperative

Health Statistics System (CHSS).

For the latter, mortality data for 1977, except

data for cause of death, were coded from the original

certificates and provided on computer tape through

CHSS by the following 22 States: Alabama, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine,

Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nevada,

New Hampshire, New York (except New York City),

Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina,

Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, and West Virginia. The

seven States of Iowa, Louisiana, Michigan, Nebraska,

North Carolina, Virginia, and Wisconsin also submitted through this system mortality data that included information on cause of death. *

Data for the United States refer to events occurring within the United States. Beginning with 1970

mortality statistics exclude deaths of nonresidents of

the United States, except in a few tables where it is

specified that they are included. Deaths among

Armed Forces overseas and among U.S. nationals living abroad are excluded for all years.

Race

The category “white” includes, in addition to

persons reported as “white,” persons reported to be

Mexican or Puerto Rican. The category “all other”

consists of persons reported as black, American Indian, Chinese, and Japanese; other numerically small

racial groups; and persons of mixed white and other

races,

Population bases

Rates were computed on the bases of population

statistics made available by the U.S. Bureau of the

Census. Rates for decennial years are based on the

populations enumerated in censuses of those years,

taken as of April 1. Rates for all other years are based

on midyear (July 1) estimates published by the

Bureau of the Census.

Age-adjusted rates

The age-adjusted rates presented in this report

were computed by the direct method, that is, by applying the age-specific death rates for a particular

cause to the standard population distributed by age.

The total population as enumerated in 1940 was selected as the standard. The standard population used,

in terms of a million, is shown below.

Alleges ’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Under l year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l~years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55*4years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65-74 yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75-84 yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

85years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,000,000

15,343

64,718

170,355

181,677

162,066

139,237

117,811

80,294

48,426

17,303

2,770

To minimize computations, the standard million

was used in computing age-adjusted rates from the

rates expressed in terms of 100,000 population

shown in tables 1-15. In determining the standard

population, no correction was made for the defect in

the age distribution of the enumerated population resulting from overstatements of age in the older population. Because age-adjusted death rates are abstract

values, the comparison of these figures would not be

affected by any defect in the standard population.

Standard certificates of death issued by NCHS

75

.
and its predecessor offices have served for many years

as the principal means of attaining uniformity in the

content of the documents used to collect information

on these events. They have been modified in each

State according to the particular needs of the State or

by special provisions of the State vital statistics law.

The certificates of most States, however, conform

closely in content and arrangement to the standard

certificates.

Figure I is a reproduction of the 1968 revision of

the standard certificate of death. It was revised in

close collaboration with State health officers and

registram; Federal agencies concerned with vital statistics; national, State, and county medical societies;

and others working in the fields of public health,

social welfare, demography, and insurance. It was

recommended to the States for adoption beginning

kmuary 1, 1968.

76
Appendix Il. U.S. Standard Certificate

of Death as revised in 1968

fORM APPROVED

luOOIT BUREAU NO. 68-R1901

r

(PHYSICIAN. MEDICAL EXAMINER OR CORONER) U,5 GOVERMWENTPRINTING oFFICE 1%7 OF-241-659

1 U.S. STANDARD r 1 1 1 I

TYPE, OR PRINT IN LOCAL FILE NUMSER CERTIFICATE OF DEATH ‘ SIATf FILC NUMBER

‘sRmAN[N’ ‘NK DECEASED—NAME

SS1 HAliOIOOKFOK

FIRST MIDDLE LAS1 SEX DATE OF DEATH I *O~lW o.y. yeAR )

INRUCTIOHS ,, 2. 3.

RKE WHITE, NEQRO, AMERICAN INDIAN, AGE—usr UND~R 1 YmR UNDER 1 DAY DATE OF BIRTH t $4m4rn, DAY,

ETC. 1SPECIFY1

COUNTY OF DEATH

BIRTHDAY( VWRS 1 IAOs. DAYS HOURS MIN. ~R I

4 50 n. SC 6. 7*.

CITY, TowN, OR LOCATION OF DEATH INSIDE CIIV LUA17C HOSPITAL OR OTHER INSTITUTION-NAME (IF NOT IN flmER, GIVE STEIE1AND NIJMSERB

( WECIPY YES OR NO )

lb. n, 7d.

STATE OF BIRTH {IF NO1 IN U.S.A., NAME CITIZEN OF WHAT COUNTRY MARRIED, NEVER MARRIED, SURVIVING SFOUSE (IF WIFE, GIVE MAIDEN WE 1

cOUNmY 1 WIDOWED, DIVORCED I SPECIFY)

USUALMSIDSNU o 9. 10. Il.

WHtRC DKUWD

LIVED, m DRATH SOCIAL SECURITY NUMSER USUAL OCCUPATION {OWE KIND OF WORK CONE DURING MOST OF

OCCURRtD IN

KIND OF SUSINESE OR INDUSTRY

WORKM4D LIFE, EYEN IF RETIRED )

lNn74TuT80N, awt

R1lIDENC? lWORF 12 140. 13b.

ADMIIIION. RESIDENCE-STATE CIN, TOWN, OR LOCATION

MOTHER—MAIDEN NAA4E flaw MIDDLE UST

I NFORMANT-NAA4E MAILING ADDRESS (STREET OR R.f.D. NO., CllY OR 10WN, STATE,21?1

171 17b.

PART 1. DEATH WAS CAUSED BY: [ENTER ONLY ONE CMJSE PER LINE FOR (o), (b), AND (c)] A?PBG~lMAFEt?tltRV

N tMMfDIAn cAust

lZIVICU ONSET AND MA;T14

[a)

60E 10, 0 RASACO NSEQUEF4CEOf:

c0ND17t0Ns, IF ANY,

WHICH OAVE RISC TO

I

[b)

IMMEDIATE cAusE m),

STATINO THC UNOtR- DUE 10, 01 AS A CONSEQUENCE OF:

LYINO CAUSE LAST

(c)

PART Il. OTHER SIGNIFKANT CONDITIONS: CONDITIONScOmwmNc m DUm WI Nor mmo 10 txw GIVENm PAK1I km AUTOPSY IF YES WEM NMDINOS cOu-

(VfS ORNO) ~;~R;~T~N 0t1tRWNl14G CAIJti

II*. 17ii---

ACCIDENT. SUKIDE, HOMICIDE, DATE OF INJURY 1MONIH, DAY, YEARI HOUR HOW INJURY OCCURRED ~e~R NAwn* OP lNJuly IN ~ART 8 OQ *AW II, 1-M 18 I

OR UNDETERMINED I SPCCIFY )

*, 2N. 20C. M. w.

INJURY AT WORK PIACE OF INJURY AT HOME, FAU& STREET,FACTORY, LOCATION

( $PIclm YES OR NO I OWICE lDG.. ETC. I S?ECIFYI

I sltEm On R.F.D. ND., Cl17 Ok 10WN, SIAll 1

W. sol. 205.

CEPWKATION- MONIH o~~ ‘ftA* MONm oAv YEAR ~Nm ~Av - ,OD, ,mR ~uw. ,Ho”e, ANDMST -W lW4/HER ALIVEON 1 OIDIDID Ml VIEWIIIE DEATH OCCURRED AT m~ PUCI!, 0r4 wf.

PHYSICIAN :

1 AITCNDtD lHE TO OAlf, AU% TO mf MST

21,. DECEASED FROM

OF MY KF+3WWCGE,DUE

121b. 21,. 21d. 21,. M. 10 THE C4USZ[S) SIATID.

CERTIFICATION-MEDICAL EXAMINER OR CORONER: ONTHE BASISOf THE HOURDF Dwrn THC D=+~ w- F*wD&Eo D~O

CNAMINATION OF nit 80DY AND/OR THE INVISIIGAIION, IN MY OPIN1ON,

~aCW OCCURRCD ON WE DATE AND DUE 10 IHE ~uSEWl STATED.

YEAR HoUt

At ‘J2b.

CERTIFIER-NAA4E (W?E OR ?nlt+n

M.

SIGNATURE .CG*EE a nnt

239.

OATS SIG?+EO (rnmm, DAY, Y-l

m. m.

MAILING ADDRESS-CERTIFIER sTREETOR R.F.D. NO. CITf OR 10WN SIA~ ZIP

W

‘BURIAL, CREMATION, REMOVAL CEMETERY OR CRE~TORY-NAME LOCAT70N CITt Ok 70WN STATE

(lPECIWI

249. ‘Mb. 24C.

OATE f MC+4nl, MY, YEAR1 FuNERAL HOME—NAME AND ADDRESS ( SIRCtl OR R.f. D. NO., CITY OR 10WU, $TAIE, ZIP I

2U. 25,.

FUNERAL DIRECTOR-SIGNATURE I REGISTRAR-SIGNATURE I oAm RECEIVED w LOCAL REGISTRAR

Figure 1. U.S. Standard Certificate of Death as revised in 1968

77
Appendix Ill. Changes in smoking

patterns

Studies have established that the sex differential

for smoking decreased during the past several

decades. Male cohorts born after 1900 successively

began to smoke at an earlier age. Large-scale adoption

of cigarette smoking by women did not occur until

the 1920’s and 1930’s. By 1955, 32 percent of

women and 65 percent of men were smoking.1 By

1978, 37..4 percent of men were cigarette smokers,

down from 43.5 percent in 1970. In contrast, the

proportion of fernale smokers 17 years of age and

over was 30.4 percent, about the same as in 1970.s

NOTE: A list of referencesfollowsthe text.

The 1978 estimate was the lowest proportion of cigarette ~okers as a group since the 1950’s. Differences

in male and female mortality rates for some causes

related to smoking have been reported to be correlated with the difference in smoking patterns for men

and women.1

The earlier studies also established that as late as

the mid-1 950’s, the proportion of smokers was

approximately the same among white and all other

persons. Recent NCHS data conf~ that this pattern

remained substantially the same through 1978. At

that time, an estimated 33.4 percent of the white

population wem smokers compared with a slightly

higher proportion (36.2) of the black populations

*U.S.GOVERNMENTPRINTINGOFFICE: 1982--364-748/7294

;78
.

: Vital and Health Statistics series descriptions

SERIES 1.

SERIES 2.

SERIES3.

SERIES4.

SERIES 10.

SERIES 11.

SERIES 12.

SERIES 13.

P~ma and Cokotiirr Proaadura.-Raports describing

the generalprogramsof the National Canter for Health

Statisticsand its offiias and divisionsand the data collection methodsused. They alsoincludedefinitionsand

othermaterialnacaasa~for understandingthe data.

Data Evaluationand Mattrh Raaaarah.-%rdiasof new

statisticalmethodology including exparirrrantaltestsof

new survey methods,studiesof vitalstatisticscd Iaction

methods,newanalyticaltechniques,objectiveevaluations

of reliabilityof collecteddata,and contributionsto statisticaltheory.

Anafytiaal and Epidamidss@calStudiaa.-Reports presentinganalyticalor interpretivestuchs baaadon vital

and healthstatistics,mrrying theanalysisfurther thanthe

expositorytypesof reportsin the otharsarias.

Doouman~ and Committaa Rapo~.-Final reports of

major committeesconcerned with vital and health statisticsand documentssuchas recommendedmodel vital

registrationlaw and revisadbirth and deathcertificates.

Data from the National HaafthInterviewSurvay.-Statistics on illness,accidentalinjuries,disability,use of hospital, medical, dental, and other services,and othar

health-relatedtopics, all basedon data collectedin the

continuingnationalhouseholdinterviewsurvey.

Data From the National Wth ExaminationSuway and

the NatioMI Hadth and Nutrition ExaminationSurvaY.-

Data from directexamination,tastin~ and nwasuramant

of national samplesof the civilian noninstitutionalizad

p~lation provide tha basis for (1) estimatesof the

madkally defined prevalenceof specificdkaaaasin the

UnitadStatesandtha distributionsof thapopulationwith

respect to physical, physidogical, and psychological

characteristicsand (2) analysisof ralationsh@aamongthe

various measurementswithout referenceto an axplicit

finiteuniverseof parsons.

Data From UseInatitutionalizadPo@atkM Su~-DIscontinuad in 1975. Reportsfrom thesesurveysare includedin Barias13.

Data on Halth Rasourou Utiiiaation.-Statisticson the

utilization of health manpovw and facilitiesproviding

SERIES 14.

SERIES 15.

SERIES 20.

SERIES 21.

SERIES 22.

SERIES 23.

long-termcare,ambulatorycare,heap” 1cera,endfamily

w planningservices.

Data on Health Resources Manpowerand Facilitiaa.–

Statisticson the numbers,geographicdistribution, and

characteristicsof health resourcesincluding physicians,

dentists, nurses, other health occupations, hospitals,

nursinghomes,and outpatientfacilities.

Data From Spedal Survaya.-Statisticson health and

health-relatedtopicscollectedin specialsurveysthat are

not a part of the continuingdatasystemsof the National

Centerfor HealthStatistics.

Data on Mortality.- Variousstatisticson mortality other

than a? included in regularannual or monthly reports.

specialanalysesby causeof death,age,and other demographic variables;geographicand timesariasanalyses;and

statisticson characteristicsof deathsnot availablafrom

tha vitalrecordsbasedon samplesurveysof thoserecords.

Data 0ss Natafity, Marrhga. and Divoraa.-Various statisticson natality, marriage,and divorceother than as

included in regular annual or monthly reports. special

analysesby demographicvariatrks;geographicand time

series analyses;studies of fertjlity; and statisticson

characteristicsof births not availabla from the vital

recordsbasedon samplesurvwysof thoserecords.

Data From the Natioml Mortalityand NatalitySurvaYs.-

Discontinuadin 1975. Reportsfrom thesesamplesurveys

basedon vital recordsare included in Series20 and 21,

respectively.

Data From the National SurvaY of Family Growth.-

Statisticson fartility, family formation and-dissolution,

family pfanni~ and relatedmaternaland infant health

topics derived from a periodic survey of a nationwide

probability sampleof ever-marriedwoman15-44yearsof

*.

For a listof titlesof reportspublishedin theseseries,writeto:

Scientificand TechnicalInformationBranch

NationalCanterfor HealthStatistics

public Healthservice

Hyattsville,Md. 20782
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Public Health Serwce

Off Ice of Health Research, Statktcs, and Technology

National Center for Health Statistics

37(KI East-West H!ghway

Hyattswlle, Maryland 20782

OFFICIAL BUSINESS

PENALTY FCIRPRIVATE USE, $30+3

POSTAGE AND FEES PAID

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HHS

HHS 396

from the Off[ce of Health Research, Statistics, and Technology

DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 82-1854, Series 20, No. 17

for listings of publications in the VITAL AND HEALTH STATISTICS series, call 301-438-NCHS