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                Pg 58-69: A Review of Pedestrian Safety Research in the United States and Abroad
  
  **Comment:**
      Crash studies related to Crosswalk, including information about pedestrian crash history (average of five years per site), daily pedestrian volume, traffic volume, number of lanes, speed limit, area type, type of median, type and condition of crosswalk marking, location type (midblock or. intersection), and other site characteristics. All study sites were at intersection or midblock locations with no traffic Signal or stop signs on the approaches. Crash studies including looking at site design, pedestrian behavior, motorist behavior, alternative crossing options, and crosswalk illumination (lighting). 
    
          **Last Updated (Year):** 2004
    
          **Year Produced:** 2004
    
          **Abstract**:The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of research studies on pedestrian safety in the United States;some foreign research also is included. Readers will find details of pedestrian crash characteristics, measures of  pedestrian exposure and hazard, and specific roadway features and their effects on pedestrian safety. Such features include crosswalks and alternative crossing treatments, signalization, signing, pedestrian refuge islands, provisions for pedestrians with disabilities, bus stop location, school crossing measures, reflectorization and conspicuity, gradeseparated crossings, traffic-calming measures, and sidewalks and paths. Pedestrian educational and enforcement programs also are discussed.
This report is an update resulting from two earlier reports. The most recent was Synthesis of Safety Research: Pedestrians, by C.V. Zegeer (FHWA-SA-91-034, Aug. 1991). The earlier work was Chapter 16, “Pedestrian Ways” by R.C. Pfefer, A. Sorton, J. Fegan, and M.J. Rosenbaum, which was published by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in Synthesis of Safety Research Related to Traffic Control and Roadway Elements (from Volume 2, Dec. 1982). This updated report includes results from numerous studies, foreign and domestic. A review of pedestrian safety research from Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom is given at: www.walkinginfo.org/rd/international.htm.

    
          **For:**Walking
    
          **The E's:**Evaluation, Engineering
    
          **Ped Bike Activity:**
      DesignAssessment**Ped Bike Topic:**
      User CharacteristicsStatisticsSafetyResearchIntersectionsInjuriesDataCrashesCountermeasures**Facility Type:**Unsignalized Intersection, Unmarked Crossing, Traffic Calming, Signalized Intersection, Signals, Signage, Lighting, Crosswalk
    
    
    
          **Resource Type:**
      Guidance**Link to Content Source:**
                          A Review of Pedestrian Safety Research in the United States and Abroad U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

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