GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 329

DEVELOPED AND POTENTIAL WATER 

POWER OF THE UNITED STATES AND

OTHER COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD 

DECEMBER 1952

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Douglas McKay, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

W. E. Wrather, Director

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 329

DEVELOPED AND POTENTIAL WATER POWER OF THE UNITED STATES 

AND OTHER COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD, DECEMBER 1952

By Benjamin E. Jones and Loyd L. Young

Washington, D. C., 1954

Free on application to the Geological Survey, Washington 25, D. C.

CONTENTS

Page 

Introduction ...................................... 1

Discussion ....................................... 1

ILLUSTRATION

Page 

Figure 1. Increase in water-power installations of the world, 1920-52 ..... Facing 1

TABLES

Page

Table 1. Installed capacity of water-power plants of the world and of the United States

compared, 1920-52 ............................. 5

2. Summary, by countries, of capacity of water-power plants of the world, plant 

factor, potential water power at ordinary minimum flow and mean flow at 100 

percent efficiency at end of 1952 ..................... 5

3. Potential water power, in horsepower, of the United States, existing flow,

100 percent efficiency, and gross head ................... 9

U. Potential water power, in horsepower, of the United States, existing storage 

and assumed development of known storage sites, 100 percent efficiency, and 

gross head ................................. 11
600

1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 

YEARS

1950 1955

Figure 1. Increase in water-power installations of the world, 1920-52.
AND POTENTIAL WATER POWER OF THE UNITED STATE? 

AND OTHER COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD, DECEMBER 1952

By Benjamin E. Jones and Loyd L. Young

INTRODUCTION

This circular has been prepared to show, 

as far as the available data will permit, 

the total water-power resources of the United 

States and the other countries of the world 

and the extent to which these resources have 

been developed. The distribution of the 

developed and potential water power throughout the world is shown by the listing of estimates of the respective countries by continents in table 2.

The potential water power of the United 

States was first estimated by the Geological 

Survey in 1908. These estimates have been 

revised at intervals since that time and 

were last released in 19^9 In. general the 

best estimates are for those countries which 

have the best coverage of basic maps. For 

the most part these are the western states.

The compilation of potential and developed water power for the entire world was 

first made in 1918 when engineers of the 

U. S. Geological Survey prepared an estimate 

of the potential and developed water power 

of the world, by countries, for use at the 

Versailles Peace Conference. This estimate 

was published in 1920 by the Department of 

the Interior in World Atlas of Commercial 

Geology, Part II, Water Power of the World. 

Since that time the estimates, entitled 

Developed and Potential Water Power of the 

World, have been kept up to date and released as mimeographed pamphlets at intervals 

of 2 to 3 years.

DISCUSSION

In preparing the original estimates of 

the developed and potential water power of 

the world the estimates published by the

various countries were used wherever available. However, there were many areas where 

studies of potential power had not been made. 

For these areas the probable potential power 

was determined from existing data on rainfall 

and topography. When these data were later 

supplanted by estimates prepared in the countries themselves, the two were usually in 

reasonable agreement.

To keep the estimates of developed water 

power up to date all available sources have 

been assembled and evaluated. In recent 

years this has been done almost entirely by 

following the water-power developments of the 

various countries from reports and articles 

in yearbooks; from publications of the 

Department of Commerce, the Federal Power 

Commission, the World Power Conference, the 

United Nations, the International Union of 

Producers and Distributors of Electric Energy; 

and from various engineering and scientific 

Journals appearing in the United States and 

abroad. There is a great deal of conflicting 

information on some countries. An effort has 

been made, however, to select the source that 

seems to have the best data, and the total of 

115,600,000 horsepower for the world at the 

end of 1952 is reasonably correct.

Figure 1 shows the increase of waterpower installations since the first estimates 

were released. Table 1 shows the total installed capacity as determined for the various releases since 1920 and the percentage of 

increase over 1920. During the period 

studied (1920-52) installations estimated at 

23,000,060 horsepower were increased 502 percent to 115,600,000 horsepower. The current 

situation is shown in table 2 where installed 

capacity, the plant factor, and potential 

water power available with present flow are 

given by country and continent. Where available, estimates are also shown of water power 

represented by the mean flow of a country's 

streams.
Developed power by countries Is based on 

the installed capacity of water wheels at 

constructed plants, which averages two to 

four times and may be a& much as ten times 

the potential power at low flow at the same 

sites* This fact should be considered in comparing the potential power with the developed 

power and also in evaluating the percentage 

of the utilized water-power resources of a 

nation. For any country a rough estimate of 

the ultimate installed capacity of water 

wheels can be obtained by assuming it will 

equal the power available at mean flow and 

100 percent efficiency. For the United 

States the mean flow is roughly equal to the 

flow available 25 percent of the time. The 

sites already utilized may be assumed to be 

the best sites in a country, except where 

development is regulated for the purpose of 

preserving the scenic values, as at Niagara 

Falls, or for other reasons, or in a large 

country where the better sites are at long 

distances from a market.

Table 1 shows an increase in installed 

capacity of water wheels of 92,600,000 horsepower in the 32 years since 1920, yet the increase is continuing throughout the world. 

The shortage of fuel, both oil and coal, and 

the increase in fuel prices makes water power 

seem more desirable than ever. The trend 

toward multiple-purpose projects and basinwide conservation and development of resources has accelerated the rate of water-power 

installation. New interest, with the resultant increased activity in the development of 

water-power resources, is almost universal. 

Plants now under construction in the United 

States will add roughly 1,850,000 horsepower 

yearly to the national total for the next 3 

years. The largest plants under construction 

are those on the Columbia and Missouri Rivers. 

The ultimate capacity of these will total 

over 7,000,000 horsepower. At one time there 

was a question as to where to find a market 

for the power from a large project such as 

Grand Coulee. Now with wide interconnection 

the market has outstripped the supply. In 

other sections of the country the plants under construction are smaller but the total 

capacity will be large. Canada added over 

1,000,000 horsepower to its installed capacity in 1952 and still has plants under construction that will add over 3,000,000 horsepower in initial installations. The ultimate 

capacity of the sites now being developed 

will be considerably higher than this. For 

example, the addition at Niagara Falls and 

the Kitimat project in British Columbia together will have a total ultimate installation of over 3,000,000 horsepower.

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 

reportedly has 5 plants under construction 

with an ultimate installed capacity of

6,000,000 horsepower. In other countries the 

plants are not so large but almost every country is actively constructing new plants and 

everywhere the power generated can be used as 

soon as it is available. All the countries 

of Western Europe, Australia, New Zealand, 

and Japan, as well as many South American 

countries, are constructing water-power 

plants and conducting water-resources studies 

at an unprecedented rate. Also and this may 

be an important milestone in water-resource 

development--the fabulous sites in Africa are 

being studied with new interest, several 

large projects have been undertaken, and some 

plants of considerable size are actually producing electric current.

The figures for installed capacity of 

water wheels, although fairly exact in themselves, do not present a complete picture of 

the utilized water power. In-some countries 

with abundant resources of water power only 

the better sites are developed, and the machinery installed can be operated to capacity 

a considerable part of the year. In other 

countries the installation is such that it 

can be used to full capacity for perhaps only 

25 percent of the year. At other times it 

can be used to carry the peak load but not 

continuously.

This condition can be illustrated by the 

plant factor, which is given where information is available. The plant factor is the 

ratio of the average load to the aggregate 

rating of all the generating equipment installed. It will vary somewhat from year to 

year, depending on the water available and 

the demand for power. A column headed "Plant 

factor," has been added to this year's tabulation, and the factor is given for most countries. Where this figure is believed to be 

based on reliable data it has been shown to 

one decimal. Where the basic information is 

not exact, the results are shown in whole numbers. This is a purely arbitrary method 

adopted to show which figures are based on 

the best data. In instances where the plant 

factor seems too high or too low it is possible that information as to output or installed capacity is in error.

For Algeria the plant factor is extremely low, but it is based on reliable figures. 

On the other hand, although the plant factor 

given for Canada seems high, actually it may 

be underestimated as it does not take account 

of industrial plants, some of which have a 

very high plant factor. For Argentina the 

plant factor seems low but it may be that the 

water-power plants carry mostly peak loads. 

For Peru it is possible that the reported 

output does not include some industrial 

plants, thus reducing the apparent plant factor.
In Europe the high plant factors for 

Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary may be 

due to the estimate of installed capacity being low because firsthand information on 

these countries is not available. Western 

Germany has large pumped storage plants for 

peaking purposes, and some of the power for 

pumping is supplied by steam plants. If the 

reported output includes power from pumped 

storage, which is not strictly comparable to 

the water power produced in other countries, 

the plant factor for Western Germany would 

be proportionately higher. For the Union of 

Soviet Socialist Republics the combined capacity of plants in Europe and Asia was used 

to obtain the plant factor. Information on 

the distribution of plants between eastern 

and western Russia is very limited and the 

figures are only rough estimates. However, 

judged by the plant factor, the figure for 

combined capacity is believed to be reasonably accurate.

The plant factor for Korea is based on 

the output for 19^3 and this indicates that 

the figure for the installed capacity is 

reasonably reliable for that time. Although 

some of the plants have been damaged by war, 

it is assumed that they can be restored. The 

plants in Australia are located mainly in 

Tasmania where the nature of the streams 

makes a high plant factor possible. Australia 

is now building nev plants with an ultimate 

capacity of over 1,000,000 horsepower, but 

they may not have the high plant factor of 

those now in operation.

Japan and Italy illustrate the importance of the plant factor. Japan not only 

has a large total installed capacity but a 

very high plant factor. Italy, with approximately the same total installations, has a 

low plant factor. Using the average for the 

years 1950-51 (which may not represent the 

average year), Japan produced roughly 50 percent more electricity operating at a plant 

factor of 6k.Q than did Italy where the plant 

factor was 4l.8. Likewise, the installed capacity of Europe is greater than for North 

America but the plant factors for the United 

States and Canada show that the output rate 

per kilowatt is greater in North America.

The figures of potential water power by 

countries used in table 2 are based on ordinary minimum flow (flow for 95 percent of the 

time) and 100 percent efficiency. Estimates 

previous to 1937 were based on an assumed 

efficiency of 70 percent, and the change to 

100 percent efficiency was made to put the 

estimates on the same basis as those for the 

World Power Conference. For the same reason 

the effect of storage has been disregarded 

except for constructed reservoir sites, the 

potential power being based on the existing

flow, in the United States the potential power with existing minimum flow is 36,200,000 

horsepower, but this can be doubled by construction of reservoirs at known sites. Such 

possibility for increase is doubtless true of 

most other countries. Estimates of the potential power based on the mean flow are 

available for only a few countries, but they 

are included in table 2 wherever possible. 

The mean flow potentials also assume 100 percent efficiency.

It should be pointed out that the estimates of potential power for the United 

States, Canada, and most countries of Europe 

are based on known sites. The estimate for 

Canada is low because it does not include 

some large known but unsurveyed sites in 

northern Canada. For other countries, particularly in Asia (except Japan), Africa, and 

South America (except Brazil), the estimates 

are based mostly on rainfall and topography 

and therefore are not as exact.

It is difficult to present in figures 

any exact estimate of the potential waterpower resources of a country. The flow of 

streams varies from year to year, and the 

storage required to equalize the flow varies 

with the climate. The estimate based on the 

existing flow available 95 percent of the 

time gives the minimum power available and to 

some extent allows a comparison of the potential water-power resources of various 

countries.

The largest unsurveyed areas as well as 

those with the greatest water-power resources 

are central Africa and northern Asia. Central 

Africa, because of the heavy rainfall, undoubtedly has immense resources of waterpower. In northern Asia there are large 

rivers, but, except at the headwaters, the 

precipitation is low and probably not well 

distributed. The feasibility of utilizing 

these resources, therefore, is dependent 

upon the existence of good dam and reservoir 

sites. Another disadvantage to this area is 

the distance from ocean transportation.

Lake Nyasa in Africa is an interesting 

example of a large water-power resource with 

enormous obstacles to be overcome before 

practical use can be made of it. The 2,300 

foot-deep lake lies on a plateau about 1,600 

feet above sea level. It has an area of 

11,600 square miles and claims an additional 

38,660-square-mile catchment area. Thirteen 

hundred feet of the total drop to the sea is 

concentrated in a 40-mile reach of the outlet 

stream, the Murchison Cataract of the Shire 

River. However, the fall does not occur 

until the Shire River has meandered 75 miles 

across flat and swamplike terrain. The country around the lake and its outlet is so flat
that debris brought down tributary streams 

will consolidate into obstructing bars upon 

which vegetation grows rapidly and floating 

weeds accumulate, thus seriously impeding 

the flow of the Shire. From 1911* to 193^ 

such a barrage damned the outlet to Nyasa 

Lake and prevented all outflow even though 

the lake was storing water at a rate of 

6,000 cfs. If some economical method of 

controlling the level of the water in the 

lake and conducting the water through the 75- 

mile section to the head of the Murchison 

Cataract can be found, at least 1,000,000 

horsepower of firm power could be produced 

The need for cheap power in large amounts for 

metallurgical purposes will undoubtedly lead 

to the utilization of some of the sites in 

Africa, especially those within transmission 

distance of the coast.

In China a project has been proposed 

that would involve a dam 750 feet high on the 

Yangtze River, creating 50,000,000 acre-feet 

of storage capacity and having a power plant 

of 1^,150,000 horsepower capacity. Such a 

dam and plant are physically possible, but 

the smaller sites are of greater value at 

present as they do not involve such large 

outlays of capital.

The potential water power of the United 

States, in horsepower, at 100 percent efficiency and gross head for water available 

95 and 50 percent of the time, and for the 

arithmetical mean flow under existing conditions is shown in table 3- The effects

of constructed reservoirs are reflected in 

this table, but no allowance is made for 

possible future storage. Where the center 

of a large stream forms the boundary between 

states, the power has been divided between 

the states. Where a dam in one state would 

back water into a neighboring state, the 

power has been divided on the basis of the 

length of the reservoir in each state. No 

tidal power is included in this estimate.

Though estimates on the basis of existing conditions for the countries of the world 

are comparable, they do not give a complete 

picture of the resources of many streams because of the omission of the effect of possible future storage. On the Colorado River, 

for example, primary potential power without 

storage will be multiplied several times by 

reservoirs, the construction of which is a 

reasonable certainty. Teble k shows the potential water power of the United States with 

storage at known large reservoir sites, both 

developed and undeveloped. However, it does 

not include many small sites which undoubtedly, will be developed at some future time but 

would not individually add materially to the 

potential of the stream or the country as a 

whole.

All computations have been made for 

gross head and 100 percent efficiency, resulting in a slight overstatement of the 

power that may be realized since the over-all 

efficiency of a water-power plant rarely 

exceeds 80 percent.
Table 1. Installed capacity of water-power plants of the world and of the United States

compared, 1920-52

Year 

(December) a

1920

1923

1926

1930

1931*

1936

1938

191*0

191*1

19^5

19^7

1950

1952

Total capacity of water-power 

plants (horsepower)

World

23,000,000

29,000,000

33,000,000

1*6,000,000

55,000,000

60,000,000

63,900,000

69,UOO,000

71,600,000

77,800,000

86,900,000

101,000,000

115,600,000

United States

7,500,000

9,087,000

11,177,000

ll*,885,000

16,075,000

17,120,000

17,9^9,000

19,000,000

19,816,000

2U, 223, 000

21*, 500, 000

27,500,000

31,000,000

United States 

as percent of 

total

32.6

31-3

33.9

32.1*

29.2

28.5

28.1

27.1*

27.7

31.1

28.2

27.2

26.8

Comparison with 1920 

(percent)

World

100

126

1*3

200

239

261

278

302

311

338

378

*39

502

United States

100

121

11*9

198

211*

228

239

253

261*

323 327 367

*13

a Years when estimates were made by the U. S. Geological Survey.

Table 2. Summary, by countries, of capacity of water-power plants of the world, plant factor, 

potential water power at ordinary minimum flow and mean flow at 100 percent 

efficiency at end of 1952

Continent and country

Africa .............

Asia ..............

North America .........

World (approximate) ....

Africa: 

Algeria ...........

Bechuanaland ........

Belgian Congo and Belgian

British Sotnaliland ......

French Cameroons .......

French Equatorial Africa . . . 

French Guinea ........

French Sudan and Senegal . . .

Gold Coast and British mandate

Capacity of 

water-power 

plants (hp)

71^,500

1U,391,800 

W,515,500 

1*6,1*30,200 

1,778,500 

3,962,500

115,793,000

160,000 

1*,000

170,000

20,000

5,000 

ll*,000

10,000

Plant 

factor 

(percent )

13-5 

21

63 

50

Potential water power (hp)

Based on ordinary 

minimum flow

250,000,000 

156,000,000 

61*, 000, 000

90,000,000

23,000,000 

62,000,000

045,000,000

300,000 

1,000,000 

5,700,000

30,000

130,000,000 

(a)

500,000

(a)

5,700,000 

7,000,000

1*0,000,000 

3,000,000 

1,1*00,000

2,000,000

Based on 

mean flow

21*0,000,000 

1,200,000

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Summary, by countries, of capacity of water-power plants of the world, plant factor, 

potential water power at ordinary minimum flow and mean flow at 100 percent 

efficiency at end of 1952 Continued

Continent and country

Africa Continued: 

Ivory Coast, Dahomey and 

French mandate in Togo . . . 

Kenya ............

Liberia ...........

Libya ............

Mozambique ..........

Nigeria and British mandate

Rhodes ia ...........

Rio de Oro ..........

Southwest Africa (Union of 

Southwest* Africa mandate . .

Ugandi ............

Union of South Africa ....

Total ..........

Asia:

India ............

Iran (Persia) ........

Iraq and Saudi Arabia .... 

Israeli, Lebanon, Syria, and

Korea ............

Pakistan ...........

Siam and Malay States ....

Union of Soviet Socialist 

Republics .........

Total ..........

Capacity of

water-power 

plants (hp)

15,000

7 cnn

ik nnn

in fton

17O nno

on nnn

kn ROO

_

i ^ nnn

28,500

11,000

71 U 5OO

OR nnn

10,000

30,000

3,500

oen nnn

onn

890,000

1,100

qn nnn

i n ooo nnn

1,800,000

onft nnn

on nnn

80,000 

ok noo

1,000,000

14,391,500

Plant

factor 

(percent )

k6

16

25

35

30.0

51

k2

»

28

18

38

27

68

kk

CO Q

-

6k 8

53 A

U2

53 

2?

37

Potential water

Based on ordinary 

minimum flow

k, 000, 000 

2nnn nnn

5 7OO OCtCi

(a)

7 nnn nnn

(a)

ocrj nno

5 nnn nnn

T5 nnn nnn

i nnn nnn

(a)

3,500,000

350,000

2 crw-\ nnn

(a\ (B. )

200,000

/a ^ \°- )

, (a) ^,000,000

70,000

kO,000

k nnn nnn

450,000

oiLQ 7on oon

voo nnn

5,000,000

cnn oon

22,000,000

i ooo nnn

6,000,000

27,000,000

300,000

(a)

(a\ \°-)

12,000,000

3,000,000

1,000,000

7,000,000

5,700,000

cnn nnn

64,000,000

155,900,000

power (hp)

Based on 

mean flow

13,000,000

41,000,000

OR nnn nnn

* 325,000,000

e footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Summary, by countries, of capacity of water-power plants of the world, plant factor, 

potential water power at ordinary minimum flow and mean flow at 100 percent 

efficiency at end of 1952 Ctontinued

Continent and country

Europe:

Austria ...........

Belgium and Luxembourg . . .

"Rill CTfiT* "i A

Eire ............

Germany ...........

Great Britain and Northern

Italy ............

Latvia and Lithuania ....

TfffWUAV

Sweden ...........

Union of Soviet Socialist

North America:

Panama (including Canal Zone)

Itotal ..........

Capacity of

water-power 

plants (hp)

8,000

2,500,000

33,500 

ftn nnn

O./YI nno

16,000

250,000

oo ODfi

1,100,000

8,000,000

4,000,000

i onn non

15,000

20,000

lie non

9,500,000

100,000 

1,000

h 75O fif»n

ofvi nfln

coo non

125,000

2 700 rtrvn

5 0 on ono

4,300,000

3,250,000

400,000 48,515,500

48,000

14,306,000

31.000

oc nr>r>

7

Kf\f)

800,000

7DO

70,000 

26,000

31,000,000

106,000

46,430,200

Plant

factor 

(percent )

 57 i

31.8 

59

62

oo o.

^6 II

59.6

40.6

44.1

29.5

19.6

59

62.0

41.8

62.0

42

32.6

2?

34.6

62.0

43.4

40

40.0

69.5

55

34

45

41

48

62 

32

63.0

po^.*»n+.-J«vL water

Based on ordinary 

minimum flow

oor> fw»

2,600,000

(a)

o<V) f)OO

700,00

30,000

500,000

100,000

1,000,000

6,000,000

2,000,000

7Cfi Oftft

350,000

orv) ryv")

700,000

6,000,000

150,000

nc. n/V)

in fw» nno

1,000,000

600,000

2,000,000

3

Cf\f\ AAT\

4,000,000

3,000,000

ik rw» nr>n

4,000,000

63,705,000

2,000,000

36,600,000

1,400,000

2,100,000

1,400,000

8,500,000

1 100 Don

700,000 

300,000

36,200,000

200,000

90,500,000

power (hp)

Based on 

mean flow

7

c/vi nr»n

1,000,000

1 7/Y1 fW>

2,500,000

10,000,000

5,000,000

1,500,000

900,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

07 nnn nnn

3,600,000

8,000,000

21,000,000

en nno onn

75,000,000

113, 000, 000

See footnotes at end of table,
Table 2. Summary, by countries, of capacity of water-power plants of the world, plant factor, 

potential water power at ordinary minimum flow and mean flow at 100 percent 

efficiency at end of 1952--Continued

Continent and country

Oceani : Australia and Tasmania ....

Borneo, including New Guinea

New Zreftland r. .......

Total ...........

South America:

"Rnl i v1 »

Chile ............

Total ..........

Capacity of

water-power 

 plants (hp)

410,000 

5 ooo

5OO

oc non

ikn non

1,050,000

110,000

on non

18,000

1,778,500

140,000

65,000

2 h.no ooo

550,000

200,000

po OOO

500

 j*~s 325 f , 000 ww

180,000 80,000

3 QAp «;nn

Plant

factor 

(percent )

60.8

32 ,/*-»

^il 7

32

24

k9

32^ 

^3

9 Q 

30

38

o<C

47

53

Potential water

Based on ordinary 

minimum flow

1,000,000

1 O ROO OOO

i koo ooo

150,000

1,100,000

c ooo onn

2 ono ooo

2 ooo ooo

200^000

23,350,000

5,400,000

3,600,000

on nno ooo

3,600,000

7,000,000

5 kOO OOO

1,100,000

1,300,000

*7OO OOri

2 floo oon

6,400,000

knn nnn

4,300,000

f\o ono ooo

power (hp)

Based on 

mean flow

27,000,000

a Small.

b Available 50 percent of the time.
Table 3---Potential water power, in horsepower, of the United States, existing flow, 100 percent

efficiency, and gross head

State and division

Middle Atlantic .........

West North Central .......

Pacific .............

United States .......

New England; 

Maine .............

Middle Atlantic: 

New York ...........

WAV .lSAY»aAV 

East North Central: 

Ohio .............

Illinois ...........

West North Central:

South Atlantic:

Maryland and the District of

Virginia ...........

West Virginia .........

Florida ............

Available 95 

percent of 

the time

%1,052,000

4,465,000

1,013,000

1,667,000

2,067,000

2,660,000

667,000

T ook ooo

14,965,000

36,460,000

463,000

295,000

107,000

1 3k OOO

7 ooo

46,000

4,183,000

IP ooo

270,000

25,000

cli OOO

pAk ooo

 51 Q OOO

001 OOO

PIC ooo

IOQ ooo

418, 000

pop OOO

519,000

ipo ooo

51 ooo

2,000

80,000

pco nnn

plie noo

461,000

c»7Q /W"!

koQ noo

8,000

Available 50 

percent of 

the time

2

h.cc rjOTi

7,864,000

2,296,000

3

poA noo

5,176,000

5,035,000

1,256,000

ik TOO firm

33,149,000

75, 17B, 000

1,108,000

552,000

P7£ noo

322,000

1Q OOO

178,000

6 iicp non

86,000

1,326,000

109,000

186,000

711,000

571,000

719,000

528,000

331,000

QOQ OOO

323,000

763,000

217,000

137,000

7,000

334,000

762,000

1,054,000

1.133.000

1,027,000

Apo OOO

43.000

Based on 

mean flow

3,669,000

9 fl£p OOO

3,480,000

4 ok? ooo

7,663,000

7

)1.70 OOO

2 7^0 ooo

pc ^Qft OOO

50,000,000

115, 561, 000

1 m *> ooo

917,000

kpo OOO

COP OOO

pft OOO

97ft OOO

7

^*7*7 /W% ,677,000

ipc OOO

2,060,000

209,000

327,000

1,136,000

842,000

966,000

857,000

546,000

1,408,000

443,000

1 T9.Q OOO

343,000

211,000

11,000

550,000

1,219,000

1,601,000

1,455,000

1,226,000

1,519,000

82,000
Table 3* Potential water power, in horsepower, of the United States, existing flow, 100 percent

efficiency, and gross head Continued

State and division

East South Central:

West South Central:

Texas .............

Mountain:

Wyoming ............

Arizona ............

Utah .............

Pacific:

Available 95 

percent of 

the time

316,000

1,328,000

o££ oon

c/"i OOO

135,000

CT f\f\r\

181,000

300,000

I koii nnn 2,750,000 282,000 385,000

QT OOO

1,548,000

791,000

563,000

6,651,000

k koo ono

3

ftpp ooo

Available 50 

percent of 

the time

617,000

2,380,000

I onk ooo

noli non

OOO non

O/7 oon

4i6,ooo

410,000

S

JjcIi oflO

5,381,000

cell OOO

1,184,000

182,000

2,642,000

I

'rlio noo

569,000

15,824,000

9

i7p ooo

8

T co /w^ ,153,000

Based on 

mean flow

1,168,000

3

9)10 non

2 ffn non

OTC (W» 375, uoo

888,000

0.0.0 oon

791,000

760,000

k PQT oon

9

pfsii onn

1,324,000

2

000 (\r\r\

oop oon

4,184,000

3,420,000

570,000

25,000,000

TO e;nn oon

12,500,000

10
Table U.--Potential water power, in horsepower, of the United States, existing storage and 

assumed development of known storage sites, 100 percent efficiency,

and gross head

State and division

Middle Atlantic .........

East North Central .......

West North Central .......

Pacific .............

New England; 

Maine .............

New Hampshire .........

Vermont ............

Massachusetts .........

Rhode Island .........

Middle Atlantic:

Nmr York

WAV *TPT*ROV

East North Central: 

Ohio .............

Illinois ...........

Wisconsin ...........

West North Central:

South Atlantic:

Maryland and the District of 

Columbia ..........

Virginia ...........

West Virginia .........

North Carolina ........

rS*»rtT*CT'f 0

Florida ...........

Available 9 

of the

Horsepower

1,538,000

6,505,000

I oL.1 nnn

2,701,000

U, 200, 000

3,976,000

1,1*07,000

1 6 Q3Q nnO

26,867,000

65, 37*, 000

7L.Q non

O<YT nnn

13*, ooo

IT? nnn

7 nnn

ill nnn

5,6*9,000

*6,000

810,000

liL. nnn

85,000

306,000

386,000

*20,000

300,000

137,000

696,000

37*, ooo

827,000

263,000

10*, 000

3,000

oA£ nnn

667,000

80*, 000

831,000

681,000

889,000

39.000

0 percent 

time

Percent

2.35

9.95

1 QO

*.13

6.*3

6.08

2 -\ c

nc Cf\

Ul.10

100.00

1.15

.61

.20

.27

.01

.11

Q.6k

.07

I oL.

.07

.13

U7

5Q

6k

.U6

pi

1.06

.57

1 P7

.Uo

.16

.00

.uu

1.02

1 05

1 97

l.Cfc

1.36

.06

Available 5 

of the

Horsepower

2,5*5,000

8,Ul5,000

2 3li5> OOD

3,646,000

5,801,000

5,670,000

1,830,000

19,530,000

35,876,000

55,655,000

1,151,000

596,000

277,000

323,000

19,000

17Q nnn

6,903,000

86,000

1,U26,000

no, ooo

227,000

71 o nnn

571,000

72U,000

55^,000

331,000

1,061,000

386,000

85U,000

313,000

1^7,000

7 nnn

U09,000

930,000

1,121,000

1,170,000

1,07^,000

l,OUl,000

U9.000

0 percent 

time

Percent

2.9*

9

flo

2

7C

U.27

6 7Q

6.62

2.1U

22.78

*1.89

100.00

1.30 .70 .32

38

.02

.22

8.06

0.10

1.66

.13

97

.83

.67

.85

.65

OQ

1.2*

.*5

1.00

.37

17

.01

.us

1.09

1.31

1.37

1.25

1.22

.06

11
Table 4. Potential water power, in horsepower, of the United States, existing storage and 

assumed development of known storage sites, 100 percent efficiency, 

and gross head Continued

State and division

East South Central: 

Kentucky ...........

Alabama ...........

West South Central:

Oklahmoa ...........

Texas ............

Mountain :

Arizona ...........

Utah .............

Nevada ............

Pacific:

Outlying possessions:

Puerto Rico .........

Hawaii ............

Available 9C 

of the t

Horsepower

cc7 nno

1,829,000

1,400,000

190,000

cch r\(\r\

77 fiflO

326,000

^50,000

2 770 non

k ^n (Wi

R73 fiflft

1,360,000

PPQ fW)

4,588,000

2,205,000

690,000

"I P 711 fiflft

6

T CD /"WV\ ,753,000

T krw onr>

7

1 ho OOO

P7 nno

103,000

percent

ime

Percent

0.85

2.80

9 Tk

PQ

Ak

TO

.50

.69

k 2k

6

rt*i 93

.88

2 /Tft

 34

7.02

3.37 *^ «^ 1

1.05

TO kk

10.33

11.33

Available 5C 

of the t

Horsepower

780,000

2

C>7T /W> ,Pfl,UUU

2,100,000

PTQ fyV)

7ko ryv>

QQ nno

477,000

514,000

o OCQ rjno

5,870,000

TCT ^W\ 757,000

1,636,000

PQT (TOO

4,613,000

2 0/ift onn

696,000

17 Iti k nnn

8

^w% />rt^ ,999>000

9,463,000

9

pQ^ nnn

40,000

pcrj fYV^

) percent 

.ime

Percent

0.91

3.00

2

J|C

.26

.86

.12

.56

.60

3 Qp

6.85

.88

I on

^k

5

0Q

2 £o

.81

20.33

10.51

11.05

12 INT.-DUP. SEC.. WASH., D.C.SU595