William J. Perry 

Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies

FY2013 Annual Report

William J. Perry 

Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies

FY2013 Annual Report
Photos: Courtesy of NDU and Perry Center Multimedia
The Perry Center

In Brief

Our Mission

Established by the U.S. Secretary of 

Defense in 1997, the Center conducts 

educational activities for civilians and 

the military in the Western Hemisphere 

with the goal of enhancing partner 

capacity and fostering trust, mutual 

understanding, and regional cooperation. 

Who We Are

 e Perry Center faculty and sta 

represent an impressive cross-section 

of scholars and defense policy experts 

who have devoted their careers to the 

study of security issues in the Western 

Hemisphere. 

What We Do

 rough educational courses, seminars, 

outreach, analysis, strategic dialogue, and 

research, the Perry Center supports U.S. 

defense policymakers and engages our 

partners throughout the region.

Whether through our Hemispheric 

Forum event series, our resident and inregion courses, our multiple publication 

outlets, or our strategic regional 

interactions, Perry Center faculty and 

sta continually address the prominent 

topics in Hemispheric security, including 

democratic governance, civil-military 

relations, terrorism, organized crime, and 

cyber-security, among others. 

“The security of all the 

nations in our hemisphere is 

immensely improved because 

of [the Perry Center’s] pursuit 

of excellence in defense 

education.” 

—Former U.S. Secretary of Defense 

William J. Perry
FY 2013 Annual Report

Acting Director

Kenneth LaPlante

Dean of Academic Affairs

Luis Bitencourt, Ph.D.

Dean of Students, Administration, 

and Outreach

John Thompson, MG, USA (Ret.)

Managing Editor

Yamile Kahn

Project Coordinator

Patricia Kehoe

Contents

Message from the Director 5

Education 8

Outreach 16

Research and Publications 22

William J. Perry Center 

for Hemispheric Defense Studies

at the National Defense University

Abraham Lincoln Hall

260 5th Ave., Bldg. 64

Washington, DC 20319-5066
5

Message from the

Acting Director

When this Center opened in 1997, it was 

nearly impossible to foresee its evolution into 

the Western Hemisphere’s premier defense 

and security education institution. One man 

played a pivotal role in laying the foundation 

of the Center for Hemispheric Defense 

Studies, however, and it is in recognition of 

his work that CHDS became the “William 

J. Perry” Center for Hemispheric Defense 

Studies (the Perry Center, or WJPC). On 

April 2, 2013, the Center hosted a ceremony 

featuring then–Deputy Secretary of Defense 

Ashton Carter and Dr. Perry himself.

FY2013 was also a year of transition for 

another reason: Dr. Richard Downie, having 

served as CHDS Director for nine years, 

ended his term on a high note as it coincided 

with the name redesignation ceremony. As 

then–CHDS Deputy Director, I stepped into 

the role of Acting Director in April, and have 

worked hard to further the diverse and highimpact programs that the WJPC carries out 

throughout the Western Hemisphere. 

In spite of a range of challenges, the 

Center’s team of experts and slate of topnotch programs endured, ultimately making 

FY2013 one of the most successful years in 

Center history. The faculty and staff continue 

to respond to changing regional contexts and 

stakeholder requests, adapting and innovating 

programs, including outreach events, resident 

and in-region courses, and publications, to 

meet those needs.

In November 2012, the Conference of 

Defense Ministers of the Americas (CDMA) 

took place in Montevideo, Uruguay. While in 

previous years CHDS participated in informal 

meetings surrounding CDMA events, FY2013 

was the first year Dr. Downie and a CHDS 

team were invited to participate in

preparatory meetings for the X CDMA.

On Friday, February 22, 2013, the 

Center inaugurated the new Pasillo de los 

Próceres (Founders’ Hallway) in Abraham 

Lincoln Hall. The Próceres project, which 

includes portraits of 42 individuals representing 

34 countries in the Western Hemisphere and 

Spain, has been under way since December 

2008, when the Center first moved into 

Abraham Lincoln Hall. Many of the portraits 

are gifts bequeathed to the Center from 

visiting foreign delegations, including regional 

Defense Ministers and senior members of the 

local diplomatic corps. Additionally, Perry 

Center alumni associations throughout the 

Hemisphere donated several. The Center has 

also compiled a program of brief descriptions 

of the Founders and their impact on the 

establishment of each nation. The collaborative 

effort through which the artwork and 

biographies were acquired from members 

of the wider Hemispheric community 

perfectly illustrates the spirit of partnership 

and collaboration that serves as the Center’s 

foundation.

FY2013 was a busy year for the 

Center, during which time it hosted four 

Hemispheric Forums, in addition to 
6

numerous other visits, courses, events, and seminars, 

and presented two William J. Perry Awards to 

well-deserving candidates. Our faculty and staff 

participated in dozens of video-teleconference and 

webinar presentations with foreign audiences and 

interacted with 12,000 program and outreach activity 

participants both here at the Center and in-region.

The Perry Center celebrates the wider 

community of scholars and practitioners (many 

of whom are our alumni) who also achieved 

success through partnership with, or based on 

the educational foundation of, the Center. Our 

alumni published thought-provoking and cutting-edge documents on key security and defense topics 

and developed and offered advanced security and defense educational opportunities at both government 

and nongovernment institutions. They also drafted, coordinated, and published national security policies, 

national defense policies, and White Books, and moved forward to coordinate and collaborate in an everexpanding community of intellect and practice. Our alumni, through local alumni associations, actively 

educated their countries on security and defense topics, contributing to mutual trust and confidence. Our 

partner institutions expanded opportunities to government and nongovernment individuals by offering 

new advanced degrees and certifications in security and defense studies. Lastly, the incredible individuals of 

the Perry Center team maintained a very busy schedule of events, expanding distance learning and virtual 

collaboration programs while responding to a myriad of requests from alumni and partner institutions 

alike.

In August 2013, the Center was honored with the Alfred P. Sloan Award 

for Excellence in Workplace Effectiveness and Flexibility, the only Defense 

Department institution to receive this award. The about 300 award-winning 

employers range in size from as few as 10 employees to as many as 240,000 

employees, and they are found in more than 250 communities nationwide. The 

winners’ practices include traditional offerings such as telecommuting and more 

innovative approaches such as allowing employees to control their hours.

This past year, we also took time to recognize the hard work of individuals 

and institutions that contribute to regional security and defense education 

with the annual William J. Perry Award for Excellence in Security and Defense 

Education. Since 2007, the Center has awarded the Perry Award to individuals and institutions to recognize 

their significant contributions in the field of security and defense education. Awardees are chosen for 

their achievements in promoting education, research, outreach, and knowledge-sharing on security and 

defense issues that affect the Western Hemisphere. These efforts have often resulted in the enhancement 

of security and defense capacity, the advancement of a cooperative 

international security environment, and the fostering of effective 

civil-military relations, consistent with the Perry Center’s core 

values. In September 2013 the Perry Center presented an individual 

Perry Award to former Paraguayan Minister of Defense Dr. María 

Liz García de Arnold and an institutional Perry Award to the 

Colombian National War College (the Escuela Superior de Guerra de 

Colombia, or ESDEGUE, in Spanish).

Perry Center alum Dr. María Liz García de Arnold’s 

distinguished career and devotion to human rights and 

Dr. María Liz García de Arnold

Dr. Perry, Mr. LaPlante, Dep. Secretary of Defense Ashton 

Carter, and Dean John Thompson unveil the new logo.
7

modernization of her country’s national security 

institutions make her an exemplary selection for this 

year’s Perry Award. On June 25, 2012, she became 

Paraguay’s first-ever female Minister of Defense. 

During her tenure, she drove the development and 

articulation of the country’s first official national 

defense strategy. She consistently promoted 

women as leaders in both the military and civilian 

institutions of government, and has played an 

integral role in the enhancement of security and 

defense education in Paraguay. As Director (and founder) of the Post-Graduate School of Development, 

Security, Defense, and Human Rights at the Metropolitan University of Asunción, she has expanded 

and modernized the curriculum, making the processes and institutions of national security and defense 

accessible to a wider audience in Paraguay.

ESDEGUE educates and trains senior officers of the Colombian armed forces as well-rounded 

leaders in the fields of national security and defense. For over a century, ESDEGUE has solidified itself 

as the center of military strategic thinking in Colombia. Through an internationalist lens, ESDEGUE 

promotes joint strategic doctrine as the means for winning military engagements, consolidating peace, and 

contributing to the development of Colombia and the Americas.

The following report enumerates and illustrates the achievements of the Perry Center during 

FY2013. In an era that necessitates unprecedented international cooperation and dialogue, the Perry Center 

continues to be a driving force for partnership-building, regional cooperation, and dialogue on defense and 

security issues in the Western Hemisphere. As we move into 2014, we see challenges as well as opportunities 

on the horizon. We will continue to meet or exceed what is expected of us. We look forward to working 

together with the broader Hemispheric community for a better, more secure Americas. As always, the Perry 

Center faculty and staff appreciate your observations, comments, and critiques.

Kenneth A. LaPlante

Acting Director

William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies

Representatives of ESDEGUE with Dr. Downie and 

Mr. LaPlante
8

Education

The diverse and comprehensive educational programs

of the Perry Center offer invaluable learning and 

relationship-building opportunities for members of the 

Western Hemisphere security and defense community. Our faculty includes professional academics 

and prominent practitioners from the highest levels of 

government, all of whom work together to develop a 

robust and challenging curriculum that addresses a wide 

range of topics based on a theoretical framework and 

a nuanced (and, often, firsthand) appreciation for the 

regional historical context faced by our partner nations. Our 2013 resident courses were split among 

four levels: Foundational, an introduction to political 

theory and strategy; Specialized, which are thematically 

focused on security and whole-of-government topics 

targeted to alumni; Advanced, which are graduatelevel and take advantage of the subject-area expertise 

of our faculty and explore high-level policymaking 

and organization in depth; and Strategic, which are 

short-term, intensive educational events for senior 

executives to sharpen their specific and actionable 

policy-management skills and analyze lessons learned 

from former ministers and presidents (all of which can 

be immediately applied upon return to the individual’s 

home nation). All resident courses now include an 

online distance-learning phase, a (virtually cost free) 

pre-residence preparation that ensures students arrive at 

the Center fully ready to dive into their studies. The Perry Center has done much in recent years 

to expand its educational offerings while reducing costs 

to stakeholders and partners. In response to growing 

interest in these courses, the Perry Center faculty has 

designed in-region courses tailored to specific audience 

needs and carried out in partnership with partner 

nation agencies. Finally, the Perry Center’s unique 

NationLab exercise remains an especially soughtafter event, combining hands-on experience in the 

formulation of policy and problem-solving.
9

FY2013 Graduates

This year, the Perry Center continued a 

positive trend of graduate totals through 

a combination of resident and in-region 

courses that showcased the innovation 

and adaptability of the Center’s faculty 

and staff. 

FY13 Highlights

• Countries such as Colombia, El 

Salvador, and Guatemala dramatically 

increased participation in Perry 

Center courses.

• The Center achieved its goal of at least 

a 50/50 split between civilian and 

military graduates from Mexico. 

• Demand remained high for courses, 

seminars, and NationLabs throughout 

the region.

The Perry Center strives to recruit a diverse crosssection of regional policymakers, members of 

the military, government and non-government 

professionals, and academics for all of its courses. 

By the end of FY2013, the number of Perry Center 

course graduates (Fellows) reached 6,498. Among 

our graduates:

• Civilians (73%)

52% government employees 

(Ministries of Defense, Interior, 

Foreign Relations, Economy, 

Justice), police, legislators and 

staff, etc.

21% non-government personnel 

(media, academics, think tanks, 

NGOs, business community)

• Military (27%)

• Women (19% of total)

Women

19%

Men

81%

Civilian (Gov.)

52% Civilian (NGO)

21%

Military 

Members

27%

*The decrease in total graduate number between FY12 and FY13 is due to 

certain in-region events that occurred in FY12 but did not run in FY13 as 

a result of both budgetary and political reasons in those countries.

FY 09 FY 10 FY 11 FY 12 FY 13 *

394

540

604

901 883

Graduate Totals by FY
10

779

291

351 277

181

360

191

201

343

235

85

90

226

205

101

42

173

179

758

Antigua & Barbuda (34), Bahamas (39), 

Barbados (33), Dominica (12), Grenada (16), 

St. Kitts and Nevis (19), St. Lucia (9), 

St. Vincent & the Grenadines (10), Trinidad 

and Tobago (68), Turks and Caicos (5)

37

Perry Center 

Fellows

1997–2013

 = total number of Fellows from that country since 

the Center’s founding

648

#

779

35

60
11

FY2013 Courses

Foundational Level

Strategy and Defense Policy (SDP)

Mar. 4–22, 2013

• 59 Participants

21 Nations Represented:

Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican 

Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, 

Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Spain, United States, 

Uruguay, Venezuela

Sep. 23–Oct. 11, 2013

• 60 Participants

16 Nations Represented:

Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican 

Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, 

Spain, United States, Uruguay

Issues examined: defense and security policy 

formulation and implementation; resource management; 

civilian-military and law enforcement cooperation; 

defense economics; interagency and international 

coordination; and control and oversight. Exercises, 

lectures, individual studies, and the Perry Center’s 

unique table top simulations help students apply class 

concepts to a realistic (yet hypothetical) scenario.

Caribbean Defense and Security Course (CDSC)

Jun. 10–21, 2013

• 45 Participants

18 Nations Represented:

Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Dominica, 

Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, 

Peru, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Vincent & Grenadines, Suriname, 

Trinidad & Tobago, United States

Issues examined: international and national security 

environments and processes; defense and security policy 

formulation and implementation; resource management; 

civilian-military and law enforcement cooperation; 

defense economics; transnational security issues; and 

interagency and international coordination in order to 

produce more effective national security and defense 

policies.
12

Courses, continued

Specialized Level

Human Rights/Rule of Law (HR/ROL)

Oct. 22–Nov. 2, 2012

• 19 Participants

10 Nations Represented:

Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, 

Panama, Peru, United States

Issues examined: international norms and human rights; rule 

of law; laws of war and military force; transitional justice 

(including amnesty, impunity, and reparations for victims); 

and humanitarian intervention.

Combating Transnational Organized Crime and Illicit 

Networks (CTOC)

Nov. 26–30, 2012 (at SOUTHCOM HQ)

• 31 Participants 

Sep. 23–27, 2013 (at DOJ HQ in Bogotá, Colombia)

• 85 Participants 

Issues examined: transnational criminal organizations 

(TCOs) and strategies, mechanisms, and processes that can be 

used to evaluate and address the threats posed by TCOs for 

government and non-government officials directly involved 

with issues of national security and defense, law enforcement, 

and illicit trafficking.

Perspectives on Homeland Security & Defense (PHSD)

Apr. 16–27, 2013

• 39 Participants

14 Nations Represented:

Belize, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El 

Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, United 

States

Issues examined: international models of homeland security 

and defense; and regional cooperation in response to natural 

and man-made threats throughout the Western Hemisphere. 

The first week of the course takes place in Washington, DC, 

and the second week is held at NORTHCOM Headquarters in 

Colorado Springs, CO.
13

Courses, continued

Advanced Level

Civil/Political/Military Relations and 

Democratic Leadership (CPMR)

Oct. 15–Nov. 2, 2012

• 58 Participants

15 Nations Represented:

Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, 

Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, 

Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela

Issues examined: civil-military relations within the 

context of the democratic process; and models of 

political/military cooperation in the region.

Governance, Governability, and Security 

in the Americas (GGSA)

Oct. 15–Nov. 2, 2012

• 48 Participants

10 Nations Represented:

Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, 

Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, United States

Issues examined: processes and mechanisms that 

contribute to socio-political and economic stability; 

and contemporary issues of governance and 

governability from national, regional, and global 

perspectives.

Strategy and International Security (SIS)

Oct. 15–Nov. 2, 2012

• 15 Participants

9 Nations Represented:

Belize, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, Peru, Trinidad & 

Tobago, United States, Uruguay

Issues examined: international security strategies, 

including management of information and the use of 

force, in the context of international relations theory.

Advanced Defense Policy (ADP)

Special Course for the Inter-American Defense College

Feb. 11–Mar. 1, 2013

• 62 Participants

15 Nations Represented:

Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, 

El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, 

Spain, United States

Issues Examined: international relations theory, 

strategy, defense policy, and defense analysis. Focus 

on conception, formulation, implementation, and 

evaluation skills with regard to defense policy.
14

NationLab

NationLab is an interactive educational event that provides hands-on experience in the formulation of strategy 

and policy with respect to timely and relevant security and defense issues in the Hemisphere. Each NationLab 

is customized by the Perry Center in concert with a specific partner institution and the U.S. Embassy Country 

Team. A typical NationLab lasts one week and involves intensive problem-solving role playing with a national 

security challenge (e.g., narcotrafficking, terrorism, or multinational operations in contexts such as disaster 

relief). In FY2013, the Perry Center carried out two NationLab exercises in the region.

Naval War College (CESNAV)

Mexico

Nov. 5–9, 2012

• Topic: the interagency and international 

fight against transnational organized crime

•Participants: 155, including 10 admirals 

from the Mexican navy, other Mexican 

officers, and government representatives 

from Guatemala, Canada, and U.S. agencies 

(USNORTHCOM, USSOUTHCOM, DEA, 

State, and others.)

College of Advanced Strategic 

Studies (CAEE) 

El Salvador

May 20–24, 2013

• Topic: interagency response to 

transnational organized crime and gang 

violence

•Participants: 34 students representing 

both military and civilian national security 

decision-making agencies.

The Perry Center is now in its second full year of offering in-region courses. 

These courses, conducted entirely on-site at partner institutions in the region, 

increase the Center’s visibility in the Hemisphere and shorten the distance 

between classroom discussions and the defense policy careers of the students. 

The Perry Center also conducts customized courses tailored specifically to the 

needs of a requesting government or partner institution. In FY2013, the Perry 

Center conducted the following in-region and special courses:

• Oct. 8–12, 2012, Colombian Police CAPSTONE Seminar*

• Jun. 24–28, 2013, Crisis Management Course for the Mexican Intelligence 

School, ESISEN*

• Aug. 5–Sep. 5, 2013 (3 weeks virtual, 1 week in Honduras), Strategic 

Information Course for Honduras Defense University*

• Sep. 9–13, 2013, CDSC for University of West Indies (UWI)

* = That partner nation provided a majority of the funding for course.

In-Region Courses
15

Internship Program

The Perry Center’s internship program affords individuals valuable experience working on 

defense and security issues side-by-side with the Center’s subject-matter experts. In 2013, the 

Center offered developmental assignments to 53 individuals, primarily focused on providing 

research support to the Perry Center faculty and staff. The 53 interns came from colleges and 

universities throughout the United States as well as Mexico, Brazil, and Colombia and were 

a mix of undergraduates, graduate students, and recent graduates. While providing support 

to the Center, the interns work on their own related research, writing, and language skills, 

attend presentations by dynamic speakers, receive career advice and counseling, and visit 

D.C. landmarks such as the Pentagon and Library of Congress. The Perry Center internship 

program provides a phenomenal opportunity for students exploring careers in the Western 

Hemisphere security and defense community. Additionally, interns contribute immensely to 

the environment of scholarly exchange at the Center. For example, in 2013 Professor Patrick 

Paterson and intern Rory Flynn co-published a Regional Insight on regional disputes in Latin 

America. Former intern Abbott Matthews also published a scholarly article comparing the 

political upheaval in Honduras and Paraguay in the Security and Defense Studies Review

this year. The intern alumni community is another important component of the Center’s 

relationship building, with former Perry Center interns going on to achieve prestigious 

positions in the U.S. government, academia, and the foreign service.

“I left the Center much more 

familiar with the inner workings of 

the U.S. Department of Defense and 

its international relationships with 

countries across the globe. My time 

at the Perry Center has definitely 

made an impact on my academic 

and professional career, and I made 

some great friends in the process.” 

—Katy Robinson, 2013 Intern
16

Outreach

In FY2013, the Perry Center staff worked closely 

with foreign partners and the U.S. Embassy 

Country Team in many countries to develop 

targeted academic exchange programs to deliver 

appropriate and timely content to emerging 

leaders in the region; to learn about the initiatives 

of regional institutions; and to reinforce 

America’s role as the international partner of 

choice for security and defense collaboration—

both strategic and academic. Perry Center faculty 

and staff undertook many outreach activities 

this year, including: Hemispheric Forums, VTC 

and webinar events, organizational briefings 

and discussions with foreign delegations, the 

signing of Academic Agreements with partner 

institutions, and visits to the region including 

workshops and seminars.

 This year, the Center also received visits 

from partner institutions, policymakers, 

national security students, and military officials, 

including:

• Paraguayan War College (IAEE)

• Guatemalan High Strategic Studies Course 

(COSEDE)

• Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL)

• Inter-American Air Force Academy (IAAFA)

• U.S. Marine Corps War College (MCWAR)

• Brazilian Army’s Chief of Staff

• Mexican National Defense College (CDN)

• Brazilian Delegation to the Inter-American 

Defense Board

• Colombian National War College (ESDEGUE)

• Representatives of the Chilean Vice-Minister of 

Defense

• Chilean National Academy of Political and 

Strategic Studies (ANEPE)

• Western Hemisphere Institute for Security 

Cooperation (WHINSEC)

• Brazilian Navy Senior Service College

• Representatives of the Brazilian Minister of 

Defense

• Former Paraguayan Minister of Defense María 

Liz García de Arnold
17

Hemispheric Forum

The Hemispheric Forum is a unique Perry Center event that takes advantage of the abundance of 

subject-matter experts and the community of interest in Western Hemisphere affairs in the Washington, 

DC, area. The format of each program is a standard panel discussion centered on a timely and 

important topic, with panelists representing the top of the field from government, think tanks, and 

academia. Each Forum is open to the public, livestreamed for international audiences, and translated 

simultaneously in English and Spanish. Recordings of each event are also made available in the Digital 

Library on the Perry Center website. In 2013, the Perry Center hosted four Hemispheric Forum events, 

reaching a combined audience of more than 3,000 individuals.

Reducing Violence in Central America

Mar. 20, 2013

Panelists:

• Celina Realuyo, Perry Center Professor

• AMB Francisco Roberto Altschul Fuentes, El 

Salvador’s Ambassador to the United States

• Diana Villiers Negroponte, Nonresident 

Senior Fellow with the Latin America 

Initiative at the Brookings Institution

• Clare Ribando Seelke, Specialist in Latin 

America at the Congressional Research 

Service

• Eric Olson, Associate Director of Wilson 

Center Latin America Program

• Steven Dudley, Co-Director of Insight Crime

The Future of ALBA

Jun. 18, 2013

Panelists:

• Boris Saavedra, Perry Center Professor

• Isaac Cohen, Former Director of the 

Washington Office of the UN Economic 

Commission for Latin America and the 

Caribbean

• Col. (ret.) Kris Cuello, international 

security consultant

• AMB (ret.) Roger Noriega, Founder and 

Managing Director of Visión Américas

Coping with Opposition to the U.S. in 

Parts of Latin America

Sep. 26, 2013

Panelists:

• Pat Paterson, Perry Center Professor

• Peter Hakim, President Emeritus and Senior 

Fellow at the Inter-American Dialogue

• Douglas Farah, President of IBI Consultants 

and Senior Fellow at the International 

Assessment and Strategy Center

• Eric Farnsworth, Vice President of Americas 

Society/Council of the Americas

• María Liz García de Arnold, former Minister 

of Defense of Paraguay

Colombia’s Peace Negotiations

Feb. 6, 2013

Panelists:

• Eric Farnsworth, Vice President of 

Americas Society/Council of the 

Americas

• AMB Carlos Urrutia, Colombia’s 

Ambassador to the United States

• David Spencer, Perry Center Professor

• Stephen Johnson, CSIS Americas 

Program Director

• Ray Walser, Senior Policy Analyst 

on Latin America at the Heritage 

Foundation

• Gen. (ret.) Carlos Ospina, Perry Center 

Chief of Defense Chair
18

Agreements of Academic Cooperation

In FY2013, the Perry Center enhanced its partner institution program, 

expanding Agreements of Academic Cooperation with institutes and 

education organizations throughout the Hemisphere that outline 

mutually beneficial programs of academic exchange and collaboration 

on research, teaching, and outreach activities. The intent of the 

partner institution program is to establish, expand, and sustain viable 

“communities of practice” in security and defense affairs. To further this 

aim, the Center works with Western Hemisphere partner institutions 

to provide educational opportunities that assist capacity building and 

expand the Perry Center community through increased visibility and 

the reinforcement of our ties with alumni who have gone on to establish 

and lead regional partner institutions. The Center added a unique 

aspect to the academic agreements—the accreditation by some partner institutes of 

the Center’s courses so graduates could return home and initiate or advance their 

studies at the Certificate or Master’s level.

The Center has signed Agreements of Academic Cooperation with 13 

institutions in 7 countries, and is in the process of establishing 19 more Agreements 

throughout the Hemisphere. The Agreements describe several areas of proposed 

collaboration, such as the conduct of joint research efforts, the sharing of academic 

materials, the participation in teleconferences, faculty exchange programs, and the 

potential for awarding graduate course credit for partner-institution students who 

participate in Perry Center programs.

Partner Institutions

The Perry Center signed an Academic Agreement 

with the Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon in 

FY2013 

RADM Sievers, Director of ANEPEChile, renews Academic Agreement 

during visit to the Perry Center

In FY13 the Regional Outreach program conducted activities in 

Barbados, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, 

Mexico, Trinidad & Tobago, and Uruguay, engaging with more 

than 1,100 participants in those countries. These outreach trips 

established new and important partnerships with institutions in 

Honduras (Universidad de Defensa de Honduras), Trinidad & 

Tobago (University of Trinidad & Tobago), and Chile (Academia 

de Guerra Naval) and also strengthened and further developed 

existing relationships with regional institutions. One result of 

these activities is a series of new video conference programs. In 

Honduras and Chile, specifically, these outreach trips provided an 

important and necessary platform for local alumni networks to 

work with each other and plan for continued engagement.

Perry Center leadership VTC with 

Honduran military

Dr. Bitencourt speaks with students from Peru’s 

Centro de Altos Estudios Nacionales (CAEN)
19

=Alumni Association

=In Process of Forming

There are 23 alumni associations in the Western 

Hemisphere, including: Argentina, Belize,** 

Bolivia, Brazil,** Caribbean Region, Chile, 

Colombia, Costa Rica,* Dominican Republic, 

Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti,** 

Jamaica, Mexico,* Panama, Paraguay, Peru, 

Trinidad & Tobago, United States, Uruguay, and 

Venezuela.

*=new in 2013, **=in process of forming

The Perry Center alumni network forms the 

cornerstone of the Western Hemisphere security 

and defense communities of interest and 

practice. While traveling in-region for courses 

and events, faculty and staff often engage with 

the extensive alumni communities in those 

countries. Sustained and flourishing relationships 

with alumni have, in fact, opened many doors 

to both partner governments and institutions 

for the Perry Center. Alumni occupy prestigious 

positions in policymaking, the military, academia, 

and the NGO community, and they often seek 

opportunities to engage with Perry Center experts 

on topics of mutual interest. 

For example, in September 2013 the Perry 

Center presented a customized national security 

seminar in Jamaica to members of the Ministry 

of National Security, Constabulary Force, and 

Defense Force. Members of the Perry Center 

alumni association in Jamaica facilitated the 

event and many Jamaican security and defense 

professionals enjoyed an unparalleled opportunity 

to learn about the Perry Center and about U.S. 

defense priorities.

Additionally, two new Perry Center alumni 

associations were formed in Mexico City and 

Costa Rica, and reenergized alumni networks in 

all visited countries held special activities because 

of the presence of the Perry Center team. 

Whether through in-person events or 

virtual encounters (using web-based video 

teleconference technology), the Perry Center 

connects with the extensive alumni network often, 

bolstering and enriching mutually beneficial 

relationships.

Alumni Network
20

Workshops and Seminars

National Security Planning Workshop (NSPW)

In 2004, the Center developed the NSPW as a tool for partner 

nation governments to more effectively approach the process of 

developing a national security strategy. NSPWs usually last 2–3 days 

in the partner nation and bring together senior national security 

policymakers (presidents, prime ministers, cabinet members, 

legislators, military commanders, and national police chiefs) for a 

workshop facilitated by Perry Center faculty that results in a draft 

document, timeline, or outline pertaining to national security 

strategy for that nation.

 In July 2013, a team from the Perry Center assisted the 

Government of Guatemala in the assessment of the advances 

produced in its National Security Plan. The Perry Center team 

joined 65 representatives of the Guatemalan Government to 

analyze the advances produced in that country’s National Security 

Plan and examine ways to facilitate the plan’s implementation. 

During the three-day workshop, the team developed the initial 

level of interagency coordination and communication among key 

participants at a senior working level. A significant outcome was 

the identification of existing plans in the institutions, as well as 

task-related actions required to implement the National Security 

Plan. Key highlights of the event included keynote addresses by 

Minister of Government Mauricio Lopez Bonilla and Vice Minister 

of Foreign Affairs Carlos Raul Morales. 

For busy civil and military policy professionals, Perry 

Center faculty-facilitated seminars range in duration 

from 2 to 5 days and are tailored to specific and timely 

issues in Hemispheric defense and security. Along 

with seminars designed for partner institutions and 

defense academies in the region, seminars on emerging 

transnational threats and interagency coordination 

taught by Perry Center experts remain in high demand 

throughout the Hemisphere.

In FY2013, the Perry Center conducted the following 

seminars:

• Southern Cone Regional Outreach Seminar, 

Nov. 12–16, 2012

• Mexico CASEDE Seminar, Nov. 14–16, 2012

• Inter-American Defense College Human Rights 

Seminar, Dec. 11–13, 2012

• Counterterrorism Workshop for Peruvian 

Intelligence School, May 6–10, 2013

• Strategy Seminar for Colombian Joint War College 

(ESDEGUE-CAEM), May 15–17, 2013

• Andean Ridge Regional Outreach Seminar, Aug. 

12–15, 2013

• ESDEGUE Force Design Seminar, Aug. 14–16, 

2013

Ministerial Workshop Series for Panama

In support of PANAMAX 13, faculty from the Perry Center 

conducted a tabletop exercise on August 2, 2013, to assist senior 

cabinet officials and the leadership of the Public Forces of the 

Government of Panama in responding to possible security threats. 

The exercise used an interagency team to generate a response to 

hypothetical terrorist attacks on key infrastructure supporting 

operations of the canal. This is the second year in a row that the 

Perry Center has conducted an exercise for senior Panamanian 

officials as a precursor event for PANAMAX. Previous exercises 

were cited by government ministers as instrumental in preparing 

the government and the country to respond to crisis situations 

more effectively. Following the completion of the trip, Minister 

of the Presidency Henríquez sent a letter of gratitude to U.S. 

Ambassador to Panama Jonathan Farrar, writing, “These tabletop 

exercises have given us effective tools to enhance our interagency 

communications, significantly improving our response times in 

case of natural disasters, such as those which occurred in November 

2012. Because of this we consider it of vital importance to continue 

with this type of support from your Government and the Perry 

Center.”
21

Perry Center Web Presence

website: chds.dodlive.mil

GlobalNet: chdsnet.org

facebook: English and Spanish

alumni blog: chdsonline.blogspot.com

Twitter: @CHDSonline

Flickr: flickr.com/photos/chdsonline

Livestream: livestream.com/chds

Blackboard: ndu.blackboard.com

Digital Resources hosted by NDU: 

digitalndulibrary.ndu.edu/cdm4/search_

chdspub.php

The Daily News Roundup is a free multilanguage list of important regional news 

articles compiled by the Perry Center editorial 

staff, with a total readership of more than 

3,100. Subscribe here.

Technology and Digital Resources

Video-teleconference (VTC) Programs

The Center uses VTC technology (including web-based 

programs through chds.net) as both part of larger academic 

programs and also for stand-alone events, like webinars. 

Through coordination with regional audiences and partner 

institutions, the Perry Center can participate in many types 

of outreach with distant audiences, increasing the visibility 

of our professors while also taking advantage of technology 

to reduce costs of time and travel of our faculty. The Center 

has multi-point capability to network with multiple countries 

simultaneously. 

In FY 2013 the Center connected with more than 

987 participants in videoconferences that were coordinated 

in conjunction with alumni associations (El Salvador 

and Mexico) and partner institutions (Honduras, Chile, 

Trinidad & Tobago, and Argentina). These videoconferences 

responded to requests for assistance and were presented to a 

wide range of audiences consisting of Perry Center alumni, 

partner institution faculty and students, and other security 

and defense professionals from the community. Many of 

these videoconferences were recorded and made available to 

the larger community and can be found on the Perry Center 

video library and through the alumni office.
22

Research Perry Center faculty members undertake research projects at the request of stakeholders and 

regional partners, and the collaborative efforts 

of our faculty ensure that each of our research 

products represents the high level of expertise 

and critical thinking for which the Center has 

received acclaim. Faculty members examine a 

broad range of topics, including: strategy, policy, 

how to better organize ministries of defense, defense education, multilateral defense cooperation 

to combating terrorism, insurgency, and transnational organized crime. 

Faculty members first and foremost take 

advantage of the wonderful resources available 

in the Washington, DC, area, including the wide 

network of think tanks, international delegations, 

and research institutions. They also have access to 

a diverse array of colleagues, Perry Center alumni, and friends throughout the region, which 

allows the faculty an unparralled view into current events and issues at work in the Hemisphere. 

Whether through international travel (which is 

often accomplished in conjunction with outreach 

activities, academic event participation, or in-region courses) or through correspondence or VTC 

technology, faculty make the most of each opportunity to gain insight for their ongoing research 

projects. 

The Center supports its faculty research 

by offering several outlets for prestigious publication (outlined on the following page.) However, 

many faculty members also often contribute original works in internationally renowned policy 

journals, think tank publications, and textbooks.

As a result of their research projects, 

faculty are also often invited for interviews with 

prominent media organizations, including CNN 

en Español and Reuters, and selected to testify as 

subject matter experts before Congress.

FY2013 Research Topics

• Disarmament, demobilization, and 

reintegration of the FARC 

• Mexico’s CTOC under a New 

President

• Governance in a Globalized World: 

CTOC Colombia and Peru

• Following Organized Crime Money: 

Peru, Mexico, Panama, Colombia

• Cybersecurity Strategy: Jamaica 

Case

• Extraregional Actors in Latin America

• Brazil as a Regional Power

• Private Security in Central America

• Impact of the Violence in LATAM 

• Security Sector Reform: Chile, 

Colombia, and Guatemala

• Maritime Claims Arbitration: 

Colombia-Nicaragua, Chile-Peru

• El Salvador Coalition Operations

• Measuring Military Autonomy in Latin 

America

• Nuclear Reactors in Argentina, Brazil, 

Chile, and Mexico

• US Defense Policy Latin America

• US-Mexico CTOC Bilateral 

Cooperation

• Application of Logic in Strategy

• Nicaragua’s Counterinsurgency 

1980–1989
23

Publications

Volume 13 / 2012 1

Volume 13 2012

ISSN: 1533-2535

Features

Brock F. Tessman and Patricia L. Sullivan, Bang 

for the Buck? Assessing U.S. 

Military Aid and Recipient State Cooperation

J. Mark Ruhl, Post-Coup Honduras: The Limits of 

Stabilization 

Insurgent groups

David E. Spencer, The Paraguayan People’s 

Army 2010–2011

Vicente Torrijos R., ¿Castillo de Naipes? 

El Caso de las Farc

Fabián Calle, Política, Insurgencia, y 

Contrainsurgencia en la Argentina 1970–1973

Carlos Ospina, La Toma del Poder por las 

Armas por los Grupos Insurgentes

DealIng wIth CounterInsurgenCy

Roberto Gálvez Castro, La Lucha 

Contraterrorista en el Valle del Huallaga, Perú

Nicolás Letts, La Lucha contra el Terrorismo: 

Modificando el Régimen Jurídico

Eduardo Hodge Dupré, Análisis, 

Aplicación, y Contraste de los Cuatro 

Pilares Teóricos del Terrorismo a la “Guerra 

contra el Narcoterrorismo” en México

Alejandro Arbeláez Arango, La Política 

Seguridad Democrática en Colombia

opInIon

Pat Paterson, Human Rights and U.S. 

Foreign Policy in Latin America

CrIsIs In Central amerICa

Carlos Murillo Zamora, Regiones, 

Seguridad, y Estados Frágiles: 

El Caso de Centroamérica

Juan Ricardo Gómez Hecht, 

Crimen Organizado en El Salvador

Boris O. Saavedra, La Seguridad 

Privada en Centroamérica

Book revIews

Samantha Howley: Review of Thomas 

Bruneau, Lucía Dammert, and 

Elizabeth Skinner, Maras: Gang 

 Violence and Security in 

Central America

Patricia Kehoe: Review of 

Hamilton Bean, No More Secrets: 

Open Source Information and the 

Reshaping of U.S. Intelligence

Special Issue: Insurgency and Counterinsurgency

Volume 14 / 2013 1

Volume 14 2013

ISSN: 1533-2535

Foreign Policy and Security iSSueS

Michael Kryzanek, China, United States, and Latin 

America: Challenges and Opportunities

Hilton McDavid and Noel M. Cowell, A 

Perspective on Cutting Edge Research for Crime and 

Security Policies and Programs in the Caribbean

Tyrone James, The Growth of the Private Security 

Industry in Barbados: A Case Study

Phil Kelly

Concerns within United States–Latin American 

, A Geopolitical Interpretation of Security 

Relations

FocuS on

Myles Frechette and Frank Samolis

 Brazil

, A Tentative 

Embrace: Brazil’s Foreign and Trade Relations with 

the United States

Salvador Raza, Brazil’s Border Security Systems 

Initiative: A Transformative Endeavor in Force 

Design

Shênia K. de Lima, Estratégia Nacional de Defesa 

do Brasil: Comentários sobre a sua Implementação 

(2008–2011)

governance and civil-Military relationS

Abbott Matthews, Perspectives on Instability: 

Honduras and Paraguay

Brian Loveman, Civil-Military Relations in Latin 

America: Selected Bibliography

Special Issue: The Drug Policy Debate 

the drug Policy deBate

A Selection of Brief Essays Representing 

the Diversity of Opinion, Contributors: 

Marilyn Quagliotti, Timothy Lynch, 

Peter Hakim (with Kimberly Covington), 

Craig Deare, AMB Adam Blackwell, and 

General (ret.) Barry McCaffrey

Book reviewS

Joseph Barron: Review of Max Boot, 

Invisible Armies: An Epic History of 

Guerrilla Warfare from Ancient Times to the 

Present

Emily Bushman: Review of Mark 

Schuller, 

International Aid, and NGOs

Killing With Kindness: Haiti, 

Philip Cofone: Review of Gastón Fornés 

and Alan Butt Philip, The China–Latin 

America Axis: Emerging Markets and the 

Future of Globalisation

Cole Gibson: Review of Rory Carroll, 

Comandante: Hugo Chávez’s Venezuela

Patrick Hernández: Review of Shannon 

K. O’Neill, 

Mexico, The United States, and the Road 

Two Nations Indivisible: 

Ahead

Interdisciplinary Journal of the William J. Perry 

Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies

CHDS Occasional Paper, March 2013

1

Marzo 2013

Balance Estratégico Hemisférico 2012

Isidro Sepúlveda

Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies

National Defense University

CHDS Occasional Paper

Regional Insights is a publication of the William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies. The views represented are those of the author and 

do not necessarily reflect those of the William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. government. 

Copies of the Perry Center publications can be obtained on the CHDS website at http://www.ndu.edu/chds.

China, S.A. as a Local Company in Latin America

R. Evan Ellis

Associate Professor, William J. Perry Center

The relationship between the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Latin America has entered new stage, 

defined by the new physical presence of Chinese firms “on the ground” in the region. The new presence does 

not supplant the exponential growth of trade between China and Latin America, but, rather, changes the 

dynamics and imperatives faced by both sides at both a commercial and a political level.

Background

From the 2001 entry of the PRC into the World Trade Organization until approximately 2009, the expansion of 

Chinese manufactured goods entering the region primarily involved Western multinational firms outsourcing 

production to the PRC or Latin American traders importing products from Chinese hubs such as Shanghai, 

Shenzen, or Yiwu. Thus, for most Latin Americans, the new flood of Chinese merchandise did not involve direct 

contact with Chinese people or companies, except for the small communities of ethnic Chinese present in Latin 

American cities since the nineteenth century. Similarly, with some exceptions, the expansion of commodity 

purchases by Chinese companies from Latin America involved large, simple transactions leveraging existing 

logistics and financial mechanisms. “Getting the goods” required very few Chinese to set up shop in the region. 

 All of this began to change by the end of the last decade due to a confluence of factors: the growing 

capabilities of Chinese firms, accompanied by growing experience in doing business abroad; new governmentto-government agreements; and new legal, intellectual and financial infrastructures for doing business across 

the Pacific. The result was a sudden dramatic expansion in the physical presence of Chinese firms operating on 

WILLIAM J. PERRY CENTER 

FOR HEMISPHERIC DEFENSE STUDIES

2013 Edition, no. 3 (octobEr)

Regional Insights

Neighbors and Strangers1

The future emerges from the efforts we undertake today. What we do today, however, more frequently than not stems 

from an interpretation, right or wrong, of how things occurred in the past and the presumption that the future will 

be like it. Often this lens renders tomorrow, when it comes around, significantly surprising and unforeseen. In the 

context of borders, the unpredictability can be particularly striking.

This commentary on U.S./Mexico border commerce and economy assumes that the future is not what it used 

to be: El futuro ya no es lo que era antes.

2

 Borderlanders/Los Fronterizos, who live and work in the dozen twin cities 

(ciudades gemelas)

3

 that dot our 2,000-mile border from Tijuana/San Diego to Brownsville/Matamoros, know how 

central we are to each other. The cross-border movement (ida y vuelta) of shoppers, workers, tourists, students, and 

business people have knit together a fabric of interdependence at the national margins. This binational regionalism is 

growing despite an infrastructure distinctly unsuited to accommodate it. By infrastructure I mean both the physical 

state of our ports of entry (garitas) as well as the official reality of invisible arrangements embodied in our respective immigration and customs regulations. But I am also referring to our intellectual infrastructure, including the 

misperceptions that color U.S. thinking about Mexico and vice-versa, even among Fronterizos who think they know 

one another. All these infrastructures require reengineering to construct a twenty-first century border and bilateral 

relationship capable of meeting future demands. This must begin, on our side of the border, with a revised American 

understanding of modern Mexico and its economy, society, and politics.

Twenty-First Century Mexico

• The Mexican economy today (2011 annual Gross Domestic Product [GDP] at $1.16 trillion) is the 13th largest economy in the world.4

 Within a generation, by 2042, according to the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and 

Cross-Border Economies: A Blueprint for North American 

Competitiveness

Alan Bersin

Alan D. Bersin is Assistant Secretary for International Affairs and Chief Diplomatic Officer, Department of Homeland Security. He was formerly a Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (2010–2011).

Regional Insights is a publication of the William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies. The views represented are 

those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the Perry Center, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Copies of Perry Center publications can be obtained on the Perry Center website at http://www.ndu.edu/chds.

Through outlets such as our Security and Defense Studies Review 

academic journal, Regional Insights, and Occasional Papers, the 

Center offers compelling analysis and unique perspectives on events 

and trends in the Hemisphere, security strategies, and the regional 

and country-specific specialties of our authors.

In 2013, the Center also launched the new Perry Paper Series, 

which highligsht important topics in Western Hemisphere security 

and defense and recognizes cutting-edge research and scholarship 

on those issues. The inaugural edition of the Perry Paper Series 

(printed in FY2014), The Strategic Dimension of Chinese Engagement 

with Latin America, by Dr. R. Evan Ellis, covers one of the most 

significant and timely topics in the Americas region: the growing 

relationship between China and the countries of the Western 

Hemisphere.

The following is the list of published works in FY2013:

Security and Defense Studies Review

• Vol. 13, various contributors

• Vol. 14, various contributors

Occasional Papers

• “Strategy and Why It’s So Hard to Get Right,” Cynthia Watson (Dec. 2012)

• “Pushing the Limits of Security and Defense Cooperation,” Richard D. 

Downie (Mar. 2013)

• “Balance Estratégico Hemisférico,” Isidro Sepúlveda (Mar. 2013)

• “Conflict Resolution in Colombia,” Pat Paterson (Jun. 2013)

• “Collaborating to Combat Illicit Networks through Interagency and 

International Efforts,” Celina Realuyo (Aug. 2013)

Regional Insights

• “China, S.A. as a Local Company in Latin America,” Evan Ellis (May 2013)

• “Border Disputes in Latin America,” Pat Paterson and Rory Flynn (Sep. 2013)

In addition to publishing internally, many of our faculty members are published 

in prominent security and defense outlets and are referenced in news articles for 

their expertise on the region.

All recent Perry Center publications are available at:

chds.dodlive.mil/publications/.
24

William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies 

Faculty & Staff

Office of the Director 

Acting Director Mr. Kenneth LaPlante

SOUTHCOM Executive LNO Mr. Stephen A. Meyer

NORTHCOM Executive LNO Mr. Rick Taylor

Executive Assistant to the Director Ms. Maritza Monteverde

Confidential Executive Assistant Ms. Denise Alvarez

Managing Editor Ms. Yamile Kahn

Strategic Programs Manager Mr. Michael Mann

Assistant Editor Ms. Patricia Kehoe

Academic Affairs

Dean Dr. Luis Bitencourt

Education Outreach and Research

Associate Dean RADM (Ret.) Manuel Lora Associate Dean Dr. Scott D. Tollefson

Professor Dr. Jaime García Professor Dr. Luis Kun

Associate Professor Dr. Patricia Escamilla-Hamm Professor Dr. Michael Gold-Biss 

Chief of Defense Chair GEN (Ret.) Carlos Ospina Associate Professor Dr. Isidro Sepúlveda

Assistant Professor Mr. Guillermo Pacheco Associate Professor Dr. R. Evan Ellis

Assistant Professor Mr. Pat Paterson Assistant Professor Mr. Kevin Newmeyer

Assistant Professor Dr. David Spencer Assistant Professor BG (Ret.) Boris Saavedra

 Assistant Professor Ms. Celina Realuyo

Management Analyst Ms. Suzanne Heist Assistant Professor RADM (Ret.) Pedro 

 de la Fuente 

 

Students, Administration, and Outreach

Dean MG (Ret.) John Thompson

Operations Registrar

Chief Mr. Michael Borders Chief Registrar Mr. Van Beall

Coordinator Ms. Linda Denning Assistant Registrar Ms. Georgina Crovetto

Coordinator Mr. Chris Hannigan Assistant Registrar Mr. Henry Tweddle

Coordinator Mr. Michael Patykula* Institutional Relations Coordinator Ms. Kara O’Ryan 

Student Support Ms. Audete Ramos* Assistant Alumni Coordinator Ms. Faith Pippin 

Student Support Ms. Lourdes Wilson* Multimedia Specialist Ms. Vivian Rodríguez

Student Support Ms. Alzira Fernandes* Partner Institute Support AMB Virginia Contreras

Student Support Ms. Patricia Uribe*

 

Management Services Information Technology

Assistant Dean for Management Chief CTO/CIO Mr. Raul Neine

 and Education Mr. Jeffrey Murphy Web Technician Mr. Nick Foreit

Educational Support PM Mr. Frank McGurk* Database Specialist Ms. Alicia Beall*

Protocol Ms. Maria Martinez

Protocol Ms. Monica Stapleton* 

Program Specialist Ms. Alicia Torres-Ferrer 

Resource Manager Ms. Rosalind Green

Budget Specialist Ms. Mildred Belton*

* indicates that employee is an Educational Support Contractor

Reflects personnel as of September 30, 2013