INDEX OF ANALYSES OF NATURAL WATERS IN THE 

UNITED STATES, 1926 TO 1931 

By W. D. CoLLINS and C. S. HowARD 

INTRODUCTION 

This report is intended to serve as a guide to the larger collections 

of analyses of the mineral content of natural waters in the United 

States published from 1926 to 1931,1 Publications up to 1925 are · 

listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C, which may be purchased from 

the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, 

Washington, D. C., for 5 cents. The numbers of the publications 

listed for each State are consecutive for the two reports. The two 

reports include references to some publications that deal with treated 

waters such as public water supplies and also include a few that 

contain only incomplete analyses. 

The water-supply papers and other publications of the United 

States Geological Survey contain more analyses of water than any 

other series of publications. Several State organizations have published collections of analyses and, either alone or in cooperation with 

the United States Geological Survey, have made comprehensive surveys of the.surface and ground waters within their respective States. 

For other States comparatively little has been published. The list 

of publications in this paper is intended to cover all reports on water 

analyses published by Federal and State geological surveys and 

experiment stations. In addition, references are given to journal 

articles that contain collections of analyses. 

The publications listed have been prepared for various uses. The 

larger number of Geological Survey water-supply papers that contain analyses are reports prepared to show the ground-water conditions in individual areas. These reports attempt to give data that 

will serve as a basis for predicting the chance of finding water at any 

depth, together with an estimate of the probable chemical character 

of the water found. Some of the other reports relate primarily to 

the chemical character of waters either in some particular area or in 

some river system. State reports are generally of similar scope. 

1 All publicatiollll issued in 1932 of which information had been received up to the 

time of going to press (April, 1932) have been included also. 

191 
192 CONTRIBUTIONS TO HYDROLOGY OF UNITED STATES, 1932 

Privately published reports relate almost exclusively to mineral 

waters. Journal articles may relate to almost any subject that 

involves analyses of the mineral content of waters. 

The term " analysis ''used without qualification in this report is intended to refer to reasonably complete analyses of the mineral content of the waters. Analyses in recent publications of the Geological 

Survey have been made by the methods described in Water-Supply 

Paper 596-H, "Notes on practical water analysis" (available from 

the Superintendent of Documents for 10 cents). The older analyses 

of surface waters were made by the methods described in WaterSupply Paper 236 (general report 8).2 These analyses include figures for calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulphate, and alkalinity. 

Most of them give figures for silica and for either iron or iron and 

aluminum oxides. Sodium and potassium are usually determined 

· by the Geological Survey. It is common practice in publications 

from other sources to report for sodium the quantity calculated as 

needed in addition to the calcium and magnesium to balance the 

acids. 

Partial ~tnalyses generally include the determination of dissolved 

solids and a few mineral constituents but not enough to make it 

possible to calculate the sodium. A large number of partial analyses 

have been published under the name " assay." These regularly include the determination of the acid radicles and the hardness. Recently a considerable number of " preliminary examinations '' have 

been made in. the preparation of Geological Survey reports. These 

include titrations of chloride and alkalinity with turbidimetric estimation of sulphate and calcium. Sometimes nitrate is determined, 

and sometimes hardness is determined by the soap method. These 

very fragmentary examinations are made merely to indicate the 

general character of a water or to determine the probability of its 

similarity to some other water in the neighborhood for which a complete analysis is available. " Sanitary " analyses include determinations of nitrogen in various forms, chloride, total dissolved solids, 

and sometimes iron and total hardness. Publications containing 

only sanitary analyses have not been listed unless they report investigations of special importance relative to areas for which few mineral analyses are available. 

SURFACE WATERS 

The most comprehensive older studies of surface waters are reported in United States Geological Survey Water-Supply Papers 

236, 237, 239, 273, 274, 339, and 363 (general report 8, California 19, 

2 References in parentheses to reports by number indicate the numbers assigned in this 

or the previous index (Water-Supply Paper 560-C). 
INDEX OF ANALYSES OF NATURAL WATERS IN THE U. S. 193 

Illinois 13, Kansas 5, general report 10, Washington 4, Oregon 2). 

Most of the analyses in all these publications except W ater·Supply 

Paper 274 are reprinted in Professional Paper 135 (general report 

21). A number of the analyses of surface waters from these papers 

are also given in Bulletin 770 (general report 22). A comprehensive series of analyses of the Colorado River and its tributaries is 

still in progress. Results have been published in Water-Supply 

Papers 596, 636, and 638 (Arizona 18, 19, and 20). A series of 

analyses of composites o:f daily samples covering one year at each 

of 33 stations in Virginia was carried on from April1, 1929, to March 

31, 1931 (Virginia 7). In addition analyses were made of a large 

number of single samples collected at known stages of streams 

whose probable relation to the streams :from which daily samples 

were collected was known. 

These comprehensive reports on surface water contain analyses of 

a series of composites of daily samples taken over a period of a year. 

The most common practice was to make composites of 10 daily samples. For some of the reports composites were made three times 

each month, with 10, 11, 8, or 9 daily samples in the last composite 

for the month. A few of the series of analyses were made on 7 -aay 

composites. Experience with many studies of this character indicates that composites of 10 daily samples give the most information 

for the work involved. The added information obtained by making 

more frequent composites has not seemed to justify the extra work. 

If the composites cover much longer periods than 10 days changes 

in character of the water may escape detection. Where waters are 

extremely variable it is sometimes profitable to determine one characteristic constituent on each of the daily samples. This is most 

often the chloride. The analyses given in the comprehensive reports 

bring out clearly the inadequacy of single analyses of river waters 

or even of a series of analyses made without data for the discharge 

corresponding to each analysis. 

GROUND WATERS 

• 

Most ground waters are :fairly uniform in composition throughout 

the year and from year to year. A single analysis of a sample taken. 

at any time is likely, therefore, to be representative of the character 

of the water obtainable from the same source at any time for many 

years afterward. A few springs are affected by surface water so 

that their composition varies with the rainfall. Wells may be affected by failure of the casing at a point where a water may enter 

that is very different in composition from the water that has been developed as the main supply of the well. This is most likely to happen where salt waters are cased off in order to obtain better water 
194 CONTRIBUTIONS TO HYDROLOGY OF UNITED STATES, 1932 

at a greater depth. A number of wells at different places have been 

contamina~d with water apparently coming from the ocean as aresult of heavy pumping. These wells have rarely been restored to 

their former character. 

In addition to the numerous reports that contain analyses of 

ground waters from individual areas, mention should be made of 

Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 489, "The occurrence of 

ground wa~r in the Uni~d States, with a discussion of principles." 

This report, which is out of print but may be found in many public 

and university libraries, gives a large amount of general information 

on the character of waters in different areas. 

MINERAL WATERS 

Many of the most complete and exhaustive collections of analyses 

relate to waters that are supposed to have some particular medicinal 

properties. For many of the best known of these waters there is 

nothing in the analytical results to suggest any explanation for their 

supposed remarkable characteristics. Several of the publications 

that contain collections of analyses recognize this point. One of them 

(general report 27) in connection with this subject states: 

When the astute physician of the present day reads of the wondrous water 

and more marvelous cures in an imposing list, as set forth in divers attestations 

from rejuvenated preachers, restored politicians, and renovated bobbed-haired 

suffragettes, persons unqualified by study or experience to give valuable testimony, and then carefully studies the analysis and finds that it contains only 

an infinitesimal amount of lime salts in parts per 1,000,000, is it any wonder 

that he tosses it into the wastebasket in disgust and assuages his enraged 

intelligence with an expletive objuration on charlatanry in general and the 

mineral-spring mountebank in particular? This "cure all" type of advertising, 

pursued by many proprietors of mineral springs, has contributed largely to 

bring odium upon mineral waters and to foster incredulity in the minds of the 

profession. A spring or spa exploiting a really meritorious mineral water, 

which has hopes for continuous patronage and indorsement of the profession, 

has no need to resort to exaggerated hyperbole nor to the use of superlatives. 

Practically all the books seem to have ignored this consideration 

in the material printe"a about individual springs. In general, the 

analyses of mineral waters are reliable. Many of the statements regarding the therapeutic properties of the waters appear to have 

been taken by the authors of the books from advertising circulars 

distributed by the owners of the springs or resorts and not to have 

been confirmed by observation and experience of the authors. Thus, 

in referring to these books as sources of information as to the chemical 

character of the waters and the location of springs it must be 

understood that some statements regarding the properties of the 

spring waters are viewed with suspicion by many who have given 

serious attention to the subject. 
INDEX OF ANALYSES OF NATURAL WATERS IN THE U. S. 195 

A general discussion of the subject of mineral waters at a meeting 

of the American Chemical Society at Atlanta, Ga., April 7 to 11, 

1930, was introduced by Miss Foster's report on some analyses of 

waters from hot springs (Arkansas 7, Virginia 4). Different phases 

of the subject were presented in three other papers 3 which together 

furnish an up-to-date survey of conditions affecting the mineralwater business. These papers will be helpful in evaluating the 

material relating to mineral waters in the various publications listed 

below. 

Attention might be called to the claims that have been made in the 

past for special therapeutic properties of mineral waters due to 

lithium and radioactivity. Both of these topics are discussed in the 

paper by Sale, just cited. A brief statement on the subject of 

radioactivity was published· by the United States Public Health 

Service.4 It is the consensus of opinion of students of the subject, 

as borne out by publications and decisions of the courts quoted by 

Sale, that unusual characteristics such as radioactivity or the presence 

of lithium have not been shown to have any appreciable useful effect 

in connection with the use of most mineral waters. 

Some of the reports containing discussions and analyses of mineral 

waters are listed below. For the larger reports the number of analyses is indicated in parentheses. 

General reports: 1 (850), 3 (450), 4 (100), 7 (54), 11 (38), 14, 22, 27 (871). 

Arkansas : 1, 2, 3. 

California: 6 (100), 23 (300). 

Colorado: 25 (202). 

Georgia: 3 (170). 

Indiana: 3 (80). 

l(ansas: 2 (129). 

Maine : 2, 4, 7. 

PUBLIC SUPPLIES 

Although waters for public supplies are practically all treated in 

some way to make them safe for drinking or to make them more 

suitable for other uses, they are, nevertheless, in the main, not greatly 

changed in composition from the time they are taken from their 

sources until they are delivered to consumers. Many of those who 

wish to find analyses of waters are more interested in the composition 

and characteristics of the waters delivered to consumers than they 

are in the waters as they occur naturally. Therefore reports giving i 

3 Sale, J. W., Control of mineral waters and their salts under the Federal food and drugs 

act: Ind. and Eng. Chemistry, vol. 22, p. 332, 1930. Ingalls, Fay, The development of a 

spring property as a health and pleasure resort: Ind. and Eng. Chemistry, news ed., vol. 

8, No. 10, p. 1, 1930. Eastlake, G. B., Bottled waters for horne and office use: Idem, vol. 

8, No. 11, p. 2, 1930. 

• Collins, W. D., The radioactivity of natural waters: Public Health Reports, vol. 41, 

No. 37, pp. 1937-1939, 1926. 
196 CONTRIBUTIONS TO HYDROLOGY OF UNITED STATES, 1932 

the chemical composition of public water supplies are included in the 

lists. The more comprehensive reports of this nature are general 

report 20, Arkansas 6, Illinois 26, Kansas 9, and Ohio 5 . 

.A V .AIL.ABILITY OF THE PUBLICATIONS LISTED 

Most of the publications listed are available for consultation in the 

larger public and educational libraries. Many are out of print, some 

can be purchased, and others are still available for free distribution 

from the office of publication. The price is given for Geological Survey publications that are for sale. Geologic folios can be purchased 

only from the Director, United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.; all other Survey publications are sold by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, 

D. C. Payment :for publications is required in advance. 

PUBLICATIONS CONTAINING COLLECTIONS OF 

MINERAL .ANALYSES OF WATERS 

[Figures in parentheses alone or followed by "s" lndi~ate number of analyses. For 

example, "(14s, 22)" means that the report contains 14 series of analyses of surface waters 

covering a period of about a year for each place, and 22 single analyses of either surface 

or ground water.] 

GENERAL REPORT 

NoTE.--The following publications listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C are now out of 

print: Nos. 18, 19, 20, and 21. The price of No. 17 is 50 cents. 

23. Mills, R. V. A., Protection of oil and gas field equipment against corrosion: 

U.· S. Bur. Mines Bull. 233, W25 (35 cents). 23 analyses of corrosive 

and noncorrosive waters in different oil fields of the United States. Most 

of the analyses have "Qeen published elsewhere. 

24. Reistle, C. E., jr., Identification of oil-field waters by chemical analysis: 

U.S. Bur. Mines Tech. Paper 404, 1927 (5 cents). 12 analyses of oil-field 

waters with interpretation of the analytical results for correlation of the 

geologic strata from which the samples were obtained. 

25. Collins, W. D., and Howard, C. S., Natural sodium bicarbonate waters. in 

the United States: Ind. and Eng. Chemistry, vol. 19, p. 623, 1927. Graphic 

representation of 10 analyses of typical natural waters of the United 

States, with description of certain areas where sodium bicarbonate waters 

may be expected. 

26. Meinzer, 0. E., Plants as indicators of ground water: U. S. Geol. Survey 

Water-Supply Paper 577, 1927 (25 cents). Total solids, sulphate, chloride, and black alkali (Na,COa) are reported for 23 waters of Sulphur 

Spring Valley, Ariz., for 10 waters of the Tularosa Basin in New Mexico, 

and for 20 waters from Nevada. The analytical d¥a for most of the 

waters have been published before. 

27. Fitch, W. E., Mineral waters of the United States and American spas, 

Philadelphia and New York, Lea & Febiger, 1927. Analyses of 871 springs 

expressed in hypothetical combinations of the determined constituents. 

Many of the analyses have been published elsewhere. 
INDEX OF ANALYSES OF NATURAL WATERS IN THE U.S. 197 

28. Wells, R. C., Bailey, Reginald, and Henderson, E. P., Salinity of the water 

of Chesapeake Bay: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 154, pp. 105-152, 1928 

(Prof. Paper 154-C, 15 cents). Chloride determinations and density for 

samples from different depths at 41 stations in Chesapeake Bay. 

29. Thompson, T. G., Johnson, Martin, and Todd, S. P., The sea water at the 

Puget Sound Biological Station from September, 1926, to September, 1927: 

Puget Sound Biol. Sta. Pub., vol. 6, pp. 371-391, 1928. Hourly variations 

in temperature, chlorinity, and specific graviJil. over two complete tidal 

cycles and daily variation in chloride and spe. gravity for surface and 

depth samples for a two-month period. Other publications of the Puget 

Sound Biological Station give data· for other years. 

ALABAMA 

General report: 27 (29). 

2. Butts, Charles, U. S. Geol. Survey Geol. Atlas, Bessemer-Vandiver folio (No. 

221), 1927 (50 cents). Partial analyses made by R. S. Hodges, of the 

Alabama Geological Survey, of samples of 38 waters of the Birmingham 

district. 

3. Callan, J. C., and Gordon, H. B., Chemical analysis of the waters of Alabama: 

Alabama Polytech. Inst. Bull., vol. 27, No.1, January, 1932. 600 analyses, 

including those in Alabama 1 and 4, and about 300 from other sources. 

4. Johnston, W. D., jr., Ground water in the Paleozoic rocks of northern Alabama : Alabama Geol. Survey Special Rept. 16, 1932. 210 analyses made 

'by Margaret D. Foster and C. S. Howard, U. S. Geological Survey. 

ARIZONA 

NoTE.-Reports Nos. 7, 8, 10, 15, and 16 for Arizona, listed in Water-Supply Paper 

560-C, are out of print. 

General reports: 26 (23), 27 (4). 

17. Catlin, C. N., Character of the ground-water resources of Arizona: Arizona 

Univ. Agr. Exper. Sta. Bull. 114, 1926. 850 reports of total solids, 

chloride, and hardness and 240 partial analyses of well waters. The 

analyses were made by or under the direction of the author at the 

experiment station. 

18. Collins, W. D., and Howard, C. S., Quality of water of Colorado River in 

1925-26: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 596, pp. 33-43, 1928 (50 

cents). Analyses made in the water-resources laboratory of the U. S. 

Geological Survey of composites of samples of water from the Colorado 

River collected daily at Grand Canyon and Topock and at less frequent 

intervals at other stations. 

19. Howard, C. S., Quality of water of the Colorado River in 1926-1928: U. S. 

Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 636, pp. 1-14, 1930 (Water-Supply 

Paper 636-A, 5 cents). Continuation of the work reported in Arizona 18. 

Analyses made in the water-resources laboratory of the U. S. Geological 

Survey of composites of samples collected daily from the Colorado River 

at Grand Canyon, Topock, and Yuma and of samples collected at less 

frequent intervals at other stations. 

20. Howard, C. S., Quality of water of Colorado River in 1928-1930: U. S. 

Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 638, pp. 145-158, 1932 (Water-Suppfy 

Paper 638-D, 5 cents). Continuation of the work reported in Arizona 

18 and 19. Analyses :made in the water-resources laboratory of the U. S. 

Geological Survey ofi composites of samples of water from the Colorado 

Rlv~ ~d ll• tribntat" eoll-d dally at """" Feny and G=d Canyon, 

Adz., and mna, Ci'< I' and G~n Riv~. Utah. 
198 CONTRIBUTIONS TO HYDROLOGY OF UNITED STATES, 1932 

ARKANSAS 

General report : 27 ( 36). 

6. Hale, Harrison, City water supplies of Arkansas: Arkansas Univ. Eng. 

Exper. Sta. Bull. 2, 1926. Analyses made at the University of Arkansas, 

under the direction of the author, of 95 samples from 82 cities and 

towns of the State. 

7. Foster, M. D., Chemical character of the hot springs of Arkansas and 

Virginia: Ind. and Eng. Chemistry, vol. 22, pp. 632-633, 1930. 17 complete analyses by tA author and others representing some of the springs 

at Hot Springs, A;r.' 

CALIFORNIA 

NoTE.-Reports Nos. 13, 15, 16, 19, 23, 24, 29, 33, 35', and 36 for California, listed in 

Water-Supply Paper 560-C, are out of prhi.t. 

General report : 27 ( 82) . 

37. Day, A. L., and Allen, E. T., The volcanic activity and hot springs of Lassen 

Peak: Carnegie Inst. Pub. 360, 1925. 23 analyses made by the authors 

of hot-spring waters of the Lassen region. 

38. Hudson,. F. S., and Taliaferro, N. L., Calcium chloride waters from certain 

oil fields in Ventura County, Calif.: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 

Bull., vol. 9, pp. 1071-1088, 1925. 21 analyses of typical waters from 

wells drilled into the Sespe formation in Ventura County made by M. T. 

Kendall at Ventura refinery. About 20 analyses, from various sources, 

of waters from other localities. 

39. Miller, R. C., Ramage, W. D., and Lazier, E. L., Study of physical and chemical conditions in San Francisco Bay, especially in relation to the tides: 

California Univ. Pub. Zoology 31, pp. 201-267, 1928. Salinity, temperature, turbidity, oxygen, and hydrogen sulphide at five selected places in 

San Francisco Bay. 

40. Thompson, D. G., The Mohave Desert region, Calif., a geographic, geologic, 

and hydrologic reconnaissance: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 

5'78, 1929 (out of print). About 150 analyses of samples from wells and 

springs of the region. 105 of these analyses were made in the waterresources laboratory of the U. S. Geological Survey. 

COLORADO 

NoTE.-Reports Nos. 6, 22, and 26 for Colorado, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C, 

are out of print. 

General report : 27 ( 94) . 

28. Patton, H. B., Underground water possibilities for· stock and domestic 

purposes in the La Junta area, Colo.: Colorado Geol. Survey Bull. 27, 

pt. 1, 1924. 10 analyses of " Dakota " waters reprinted from Colorado 

17, and 24 analyses made by commercial chemists of waters from shallow 

wells and springs of the State. 

CONNECTICUT 

NoTE.-Reports Nos. 3 and 7 for Connecticut, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C, are 

out of print. 

General report : 27 ( 7) . 

9. Brown, J. S., Ground water in the New Haven area, Conn.: U. S. Geol. 

Survey Water-Supply Paper 540, 1928 (60 cents). Analyses of samples 

of ground water from 49 sources and of 2 surface waters. The analyses 

were made in the water-resources· laboratory of the U. S. _Geological 

Survey. 
INDEX OF ANALYSES OF NATURAL WATERS IN THE U. S. 199 

10. Meinzer, 0. E., and Stearns, N. D., A study of ground water in the Pomperaug Basin, Conn., with special reference to intake and discharge: 

U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 597, pp. 73--146, 1929 (WaterSupply Paper 597-B, 35 cents). 10 analyses of samples of ground water 

made by Margaret D. Foster, and an analysis of a composite sample 

from Nonewaug River made by S. C. Dinsmore. 

DELAWARE 

1. Eastman, A. S., and Beckett, R. C., Public water supplies of Delaware, 1931, 

Delaware Univ. and State Board of Health, 1932. 30 analyses of public 

water supplies in Delaware, made by D. W. Weaver, University of 

Delaware. 

FLORIDA 

General report: 27 (14). 

9. Collins, W. D., and Howard, C. S., Chemical character of waters of Florida: 

U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 596, pp. 177-233, 1928 (WaterSupply Paper 596--G, 10 cents). 458 analyses of ground and surface 

waters of the State. Most of the analyses were made for the report in 

the water-resources laboratory of the U. S. Geological Survey. 

GEORGIA 

General report : 27 ( 44). 

IDAHO 

General report: 27 (2). 

ILLINOIS 

NoTE.-Reports Nos. 13 and 15 for Illinois, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C, are 

out ot print. 

General report : 27 ( 35) . 

24. Tough, F. H., Williston, S. H., and Savage, T. E., in cooperation with U. S. 

Bureau of Mines, Experiments in water control in the Flat Rock Pool, 

Crawford County: Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 40, pp. 97-140, 1919. 6 

ar:.alyses of oil well waters. 

25. Habermeyer, G. C., Public ground-water supplies in Illinois: Illinois Univ. 

State Water Survey Bull. 21, 1925. Analyses made in the laboratory of 

the Water Survey for about 450 public ground-water supplies of the State. 

Many of the analyses have been published in earlier-reports of the Water 

Survey. 

26. Mylius, L. A., Oil and gas development and possibilities in east central 

Illinois: Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 54, 1927. 10 analyses of oil-field 

waters. 

27. Lamar, J. E., and Clark, C. R., Corrosion in the eastern Illinois oil fields: 

Illinois Geol. Survey Press Bull. ser., Illinois Petroleum, No. 15, pp, 

9-22, 1928. 8 analyses. 

28. Wanless, H. R., Geology and mineral resources of the Alexis quadrangle: 

Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 57, 1929. 9 analyses. 

INDIANA 

NoTE.-Report No. 4 for Indiana, listed in Water-Supply Paper 5'60-C, is out of print. 

General report: Zi (20). 
200 CONTRIBUTIONS TO HYDROLOGY OF UNITED STATES, 19 3 2 

IOWA 

NOTE.-Report No. 2 for Iowa, listed In Water-Supply Paper 560-C, is out of print. 

General report : 27 ( 6) . 

7. Norton, W. H., Deep wells of Iowa-a supplementary report, with a chapter 

on well-water recessions in Iowa by J. H. Lees, and a table of Iowa 

towns giving municipal water supplies: Iowa Geol. Survey, vol. 33, 1928. 

About 50 analyses of ground waters of the State made in various laboratories. 

KANSAS 

NoTE.-Report No. 5 for Kansas, listed In Water-Supply Paper 560-C, Is out of print. 

General report : 27 ( 33) . 

9. Gottlieb, Selma, Mineral analyses of municipal water supplies in Kansas : 

Kansas Univ. Chemical Research Div. Bull. 5 (Eng. Bull. 17), 1928. 

Determinations made by the State Board of Health of hardness, calcium, 

magnesium, and chloride for about 300 municipal water supplies of 

Kansas. 

KENTUCKY 

NoTE.-Reports Nos. 7 and 8 for Kentucky, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C, are 

out of print. 

General report : 27 ( 30) . 

LOUISIANA 

NoTE.-Report No. 3 for Louisiana, listed In Water-Supply Paper 560-C, Is out of print. 

General report : 27 ( 1) . 

MAINE 

NoTE.-Report No. 4 for Maine, listed In Water-Supply Paper 560-C, Is out of print. 

General report: 27 (9). 

8. Campbell, E. W., Public water supplies of Maine: New England Water Works 

Assoc. Jour., vol. 41, pp. 99-128, 1927. Chloride, hardness, and color for 

over 150 public supplies of Maine. 

MARYLAND 

General report: 27 .(5). 

MASSACHUSETTS 

General report: 27 (5). 

MICHIG~N 

NOTE.-Reports Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 5 for Michigan, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C, 

are out of print. 

General report : 27 ( 17). 

9. McNamee, R. L., The surface waters of Michigan, hydrology and qualitative 

characteristics and purification for public use: Michigan Univ. Eng. Research Bull. 16, 1930. More than 350 analyses of surface waters of Michigan. The analyses were collected from various laboratories and published 

sources. 
INDEX OF ANALYSES OF NATURAL WATERS IN THE U. S. 201 

MINNESOTA 

NOTE.-Reports Nos. 1, 2. and 3 for Minnesota, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C, 

are out of print. 

General report: 27 ( 4). 

Ml'SSISSIPPI 

General report: 27 (15). 

4. Stephenson, L. W., Logan, W. N., and Waring, G. ·A., The ground-water resources of Mississippi, with discussions of the chemical character of the 

waters by C. S. Howard: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 576, 

1928 (90 cents). 6 analyses of surface waters and over 200 analyses of 

ground waters of the State. A great many of the analyses were made 

for this report in the water-resources laboratory of the U. S. Geological 

Survey, others were made at the University of Mississippi, and a few 

have been published in other places. 

MISSOURI 

NOTE.-Report No. 6 for Missouri, listed in Water-Supply Paper 500-C, Is out of print. 

General report : 27 ( 21) . 

9, Beckman, H. C., Water resources of Missouri, 1857-1926: Missouri Bur. Geology and Mines, 2d ser., vol. 20, 1927. Analyses of about 200 samples of 

water from rivers and springs of the State. Analyses by H. W. Mundt 

and W. D. Turner, of the State Board of Health. 

MONTANA 

NOTE.-Reports N011. 1, 2, and 6 for Montana, listed In Water-Supply Paper 560-C, are 

out of print. 

General report: 27 (10). 

7. Riffenburg, H. B., Chemical character of ground waters of the northern 

Great Plains: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 560, pp, 31--52, 1925 

(Water-Supply Paper 560--B, 5 cents). Discussion based on about 400 

complete and 700 partial analyses of North Dakota and Montana ground 

waters. Range of quantities of sulphate, chloride, and pH for 23 samples 

of rain water collected in 1923-24 in Washington, D. C. Typical analyses 

for waters from different formations of the Great Plains. 

8. Benick, B. C., Base exchange in ground water by silicates as illustrated in 

Montana: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 520, pp. 53-72, 1925 

(Water-Supply Paper 520--D, 10 cents). Graphic representation of 20 

samples from the Lance formation and 10 samples from the Fort Union 

formation in Montana. The analytical data for these analyses are given 

in Montana 10. 

9. Hall, G. M., and Howard, C. S., Ground water in Yellowstone and Treasure 

Counties, Mont.; U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 599, 1929 (25 

cents). About 100 analyses of water from wells and springs in these 

counties. Most of the analyses were made in the water-resources iaboratory of the U. S. Geological Survey. 

10. Renick, B. C., Geology and ground-water resources of central and southern 

Rosebud County, Mont., with chemical analyses of the waters by H. B. 

Riffenburg : U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 600, 1929 (out of 

print). About 120 analyses of samples of ground water of the region. 

Most of the analyses were made in the water-resources laboratory of the 

U. S. Geological Survey. 
202 CONTRIBUTIONS TO HYDROLOGY OF UNITED STATES, 19 3 2 

NEBRASKA 

NOTE.-Report No. 2 for Nebraska, issued in Water-Supply Paper 560-C, is out of print. 

4. Hicks, W. B., Potash resources of Nebraska: U.- S. Geol. Survey Bull. 715, 

pp. 125--139, 1921 (out of print). Composition of 15 potash brines and 

of 10 ground and surface waters of the Nebraska potash region. Analyses 

made by E. T. Erickson, of the U. S. Geological Survey. 

-NEVADA 

NOTE.-Reports Nos. 6 and 8 for Nevada, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C, are out. 

of print. 

General reports : 26 ( 20) , 27 ( 6) . 

NEW HAMPSHIRE 

General report: 27 (11). 

NEW JERSEY 

General report : 27 ( 1) . 

7. North Jersey District Water Supply Commission of the State of New Jersey,_ 

Report for the period May 5, 1916, to June 30, 1925, 1925. Sanitary 

analyses for 48 sampling points in 8 drainage basins of the region, 

giving the maximum, minimum, and average quantities for a year. 

8. Thompson, D. G., Ground-water supplies of the Atlantic City region : New 

Jersey Dept. Conservation and Development Bull. 30, 1928. Analyses of 

5 samples of surface and ground water and graphical representation of 

increaSe in chloride for certain wells of the region. 

9. Collins, W. D., and Howard, C. S., Quality of .the surface waters of New 

Jersey: U. Si. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 596, pp. 89'-119, 1928. 

(Water-Supply Paper 596-E, 5 cents). About 120 analyses representing 

single samples taken at different stages for all the streams in the State 

on which gaging stations were being maintained. Analyses by C. S. 

Howard. 

10. Hartwell, 0. W., Surface water supply of New Jersey to September 30, 1928: 

New Jersey Dept. Conservation and Development Bull. 33, 1929. Analyses. 

of typical surface waters of New Jersey reprinted from New Jersey 9. 

11. Thompson, D. G., Ground-water supplies. in the vicinity of Asbury Park: 

New Jersey Dept. Conservation and Development Bull. 35, 1930 .. 

8 analyses representing water from 3 important aquifers of the region .. 

Analyses made by C. S. Howard. 

NEW MEXICO 

NoTE.-Reports Nos. 10 and 11 for New Mexico, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C,. 

are out of print. 

General reports : 26 (10) , 27 (19). 

14. Renick, B. C., Geology and ground-water resources of western Sandoval 

County, N. Mex.: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 620, 1931 (35· 

cents). 21 analyses of spring and well waters and 1 analysis of a river 

water. The analyses were made in the water~resources laboratory of' 

the U. S. Geological Survey. 

NEW YORX 

General report: 27 ( 48). 
INDEX OF ANALYSES OF NATURAL WATERS IN THE U. S. 203 

NORTH CAROLINA 

General report: 27 (35). 

4. Foster, M. D., Surface waters of western North Carolina: Ind. and Eng. 

Chemistry, vol. 19, p. 885, 1927. 18 analyses of surface waters of the 

State made by the author and analyses representing maximum and minimum quantities found in two rivers of the State during an earlier. 

survey . 

. 5. Ray, C. E., jr., and Randolph, E. E., Preliminary report on the chemical 

quality of the surface waters of North Carolina with relation to industrial use: North Carolina Dept. Conservation and Development Econ. 

Paper 61, 1927. 174 analyses of surface waters and 11 analyses of 

ground waters of the State. 60 analyses were made by Margaret D. 

Foster, of the U. S. Geological Survey, a few were furnished by the 

Southern Railway, and the remainder were made by Mr. Randolph. 

NORTH DAKOTA 

7. Rift'enburg, H. B., Chemical character of ground waters of the northern 

Great Plains: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 560, pp. 31-52, 

1925 (Water-Supply Paper 560-B, 5 cents). Discussion based on about 

400 complete and 700 partial analyses of ground waters of North Dakota 

and Montana. Range of quantities of sulphate, chloride, and pH for 

23 samples of rain water collected in 1923-24 in Washington, D. C. Typical analyses for waters from dift'erent water-bearing formations of the 

Great Plains. 

8. Simpson, H. E., Geology and ground-water resources of North Dakota, with 

a discussion of the chemical character of the water by H. B. RUienburg: 

U. S. GeoL Survey Water-Supply Paper 598, 1929 (out of print). 196 

complete mineral analyses of ground waters of the State, made by 

H. B. Rift'enburg and others .in the water-resources laboratory of the 

U. S. Geological Survey. 

OHIO 

NOTE.-Report No. 3 for Ohio, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C, hi out ot print. 

General report : 27 ( 9). 

5. Foulk, C. W., Industrial water supplies of Ohio: Ohio GeoL Survey, 4th 

ser., Bull. 29, 1925. More than 500 analyses of surface and ground 

waters of the State made under the direction of the author in his laboratory at the Ohio State University. 

OKLAHOMA 

NoTE.-Report No. 6 for Oklahoma, listed In .Water-Supply Paper 560-C, is out of print. 

General report : 27 ( 8) . 

OREGON 

NOTE.-Report No. 1 for Oregon, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C, is out of print. 

General report : 27 ( 5). 

3. Piper, A. M., Geology and ground-water resources of the Dalles region, Oreg.: 

U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 659, pp. 107-189, 1932 (WaterSupply Paper 659-B. 9 analyses made by Margaret D. Foster, U. S. 

Geological Survey~ 

96268°---82--14 
204 CONTRIBUTIONS TO HYDROLOGY OF UNITED STATES, 19 3 2 

PENNSYLVANIA 

General report: 27 (23). 

3. Torrey, P. D., Oil-field waters of the Bradford pool: Am. lust. Min. and Met. 

Eng. Tech. Pub. 38, 1927. 16 analyses showing the chemical cha::-acter of 

the connate and ground waters and also the changes that take place with 

flooding operations. 

4. Leitch,. R. D., Observations on acid mine drainage in western Pennsylvania: 

U. S. Bur. Mines Repts. Inv. 2889, 1928. Acidity expressed in parts per 

million and as pH for waters from 68 mines in Pennsylvania. 

5. Leitch, R. D., and Yant, W. P., A comparison of the acidity of waters from 

some active and abandoned coal mines: U. S. Bur. Mines Repts. Inv. 2895, 

1928. Acidity expressed in parts per million and as pH, total iron, and 

oxygen for waters from 24 mines in Pennsylvania. 

RHODE ISLAND 

General report: 27 (2). 

SOUTH CAROLINA 

General report: 27 (9). 

SOUTH DAKOTA 

NoTE.-Reports Nos. 5 and 6 for South Dakota, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C, 

are out of print. 

General report: 27 (4). 

12. Meinzer, 0. E., Problems of the soft-water supply of the Dakota sandstone, 

with special reference to the conditions at Canton, S. Dak.: U. S. 

Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 597, pp. 147-170, 1929, 75 cents. 8 

analyses made by Margaret D. Foster, of the U. S. Geological Survey. 

TENNESSEE 

NoTE.-Report No. 1 for Tennessee, listed in Water-Supply Paper 56Q-C, is out of print. 

General report : 27 ( 19) . 

3. Wells, F. G., A preliminary report on the artesian water supply of Memphis, 

Tenn.: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 638, pp. 1--iW, 1931 

(Water-Supply Paper 63S--A, 15 cents). 7 analyses by Margaret D. Foster, U. S. Geological Survey, and 3 analyses made for the '1.'\lnnessee 

Geological Survey. 

4. Piper, A. M., Ground water in north-central Tennessee: U. S. Geol. Survey 

Water-Supply Paper 640 (in press). 50 analyses by Margaret D. Foster, 

u. S. Geological Survey, and 50 analyses made for the Tennessee Geological Survey. 

5. Wells, F. G., Ground-water resources of western Tennessee: U. S. Geol. 

Survey Water-Supply Paper 656 (in preparation). 121 analyses by 

Margaret D. Foster, U. S. Geological Survey, and 57 analyses made·for 

the Tennessee Geological Survey. 

TEXAS 

NoTE.-Report No. 11 for Texas, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560-C, Is out of print. 

General report : 27 ( 20) . 

17. Collins, W. D., and Riffenburg, H. B., Quality of water of .Pecos River ln 

Texas: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 596, pp. 67-88, 1928 
INDEX OF ANALYSES OF NATURAL WATERS IN THE U. S. 205 

(Water-Supply Paper 596-D, 10 cents). 224 analyses of water from the 

Pecos River representing different stages at 6 gaging stations, 14 analyses 

from tributaries of the Pecos. The analyses were made by H. B. 

Riffenburg. 

18. Cohen, Chester, Chemical analyses of Texas well waters, Texas Dept. 

of Health, 1931. A compilation of 1,168 analyses reported in hypothetical combinations in parts per million. 735 analyses were furnished by the 

International Filter Co., 273 were furnished by 19 other organizations, 

140 are not credited to any laboratory. Locations are given for some 

wells for which no analyses are given. 

UTAH 

NoTE.-Reports Nos. 3, 4, and 5 for Utah, listed in Water-Supply Paper 560--C, are out 

of print. 

General report: 27 (6). 

10. Howard, C. S., Quality of water of Colorado River in 1928-1930: U. S. Geol. 

Survey Water-Supply Paper 638, pp. 145-158, 1932 (Water-Supply Paper 

638-D, 5 cents). Continuation of the work' reported in Arizona 18 

and 19 .. Analyses made in the water-resources laboratory of the U. S. 

Geological Survey of composites of samples of water from the Colorado 

River and its tributaries collected daily at Bluff, Cisco, and Green 

River, Utah, and at Lees Ferry and Grand Canyon, Ariz. 

VERMONT 

General report : 27 ( 5). 

VIRGINIA 

General report : 27 ( 46). 

3. Hall, G. M., Ground water in the Ordovician rocks near Woodstock, Va.: 

U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 596, pp. 45--00, 1928. (WaterSupply Paper 596-C, 15 cents.) Analyses by H. B. Riffenburg of waters 

from 6 wells in the vicinity of Woodstock. 

4. Foster, M. D., Chemical character of the hot springs of Arkansas and Virginia: Ind. and Eng. Chemistry, vol. 22, pp. 632-633, 1930. 11 analyses, 

made by the author in the water-resources laboratory of the U. S. Geological Survey, of samples from some of the hot springs of Virginia. 

5. Collins, W. D., Foster, M.D., Reeves, Frank, and Meacham, R. P., Springs of 

Virginia, a report on the discharge, temperature, and chemical character 

of springs in the southern part of the Great Valley: Virginia State Comm. 

Conservation and Development, Div. Water Resources and Power, Bull. 1, 

1930. Partial analyses, made by Margaret D. Foster, for more than 400 

springs of the Great Valley. 

6. Collins, W. D., Williams, K. T., and Lohr, E. W., Chemical character of surface waters of Virginia, preliminary report: Virginia State Comm. Conservation and Development, Div. Water Resources and Power, Bull. 2, 

1930. Analyses of 36 composite samples for each of 16 gaging stations 

at which daily samples were collected for a year. The analyses were 

made in the W!lter-resources laboratory of the U. S. Geological Survey. 

7. Collins, W. D., Lohr, E. W., Williams, K. T., Haller, H. S., and Kenworthy, 

0. C., Chemical character of surface waters of Virginia: Virginia State 

Comm. Conservation and Development, Div. Water Resources and Power, 
206 CONTRIBUTIONS T? HYDROLOGY OF UNITED STATES, 1932 

Bull. 3, 1932. .Analyses of 36 composite samples for each of 33 gaging 

stations at which daily samples were collected for a year. (Includes 

analyses in Virginia 6.) .Analyses of 150 samples from. other gaging 

stations representing high and low discharge. 

WASHINGToN 

.NOTJD.-Reports Nos. 3 and 4 for Washington, liste4 in water-Supply Paper 560-C, are 

out of print, · 

General report: 27 (5). 

5. Smith, E. V., and Thompson, T. G., Salinity of the Lake Washington ship 

canal: Washington Univ. Eng. Exper. Sta. Bull. 41, 1927. Chloride 

determinations for various depths at many stations in the canal to 

determine the conditions affecting the flow of sea water into the canal 

system. 

6. Wright, C. C., Surface and subsurface waters of the Yakima and Klamath 

reclamation projects: Washington Agr. Exper. Sta. Bull. 228, 1928. 

Determinations by E. w~ Knight (superintendent, U. S. field station at 

Fallon, ~ev.) of total solids, chloride, sulphate, and total hardness for. 

over 250 samples of irrigation, ground, and drainage waters of the 

Yakima and Klamath projects. 

WEST VIRGINIA 

General report : 27 ( 18). 

WrBCONSIN 

General report: 27 (18). 

WYOMING 

General report: 27 (21). 

10. Estabrook, E. L., Analyses of Wyoming oil-field waters: Am • .Ass()(!. Petro-. 

leum Geologists Bull., vol. 9, pp. 235-246, 1925; 24 analyses of oil-field 

waters, made in the Caspar laboratory of the Standard Oil Co. 

11. Parks, E. M., Water analyses in oil production and some analyses from 

Poison Spider, Wyo;: Am . .Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., voL 9, pp. 

927-946, 1925. 19 analyses of waters from different geologic horizons 

are tabulated and discussed. 

12. Ross, J. S., and Swedenborg, E. A., Analyses of waters of the Salt Creek 

field applied to underground problems: Am. Inst. Min. and Met. Eng. 

Tech. Pub. 157, 1928. 15 analyses of typical samples of oil-field waters. 

13. Thom, W. T., jr., and Spieker, E. M., The significance of geologic conditions 

in Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 3, Wyo., with a section on the waters of 

the Salt Creek-Teapot Dome uplift, by Herman Stabler: U. S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 163, 1931 ($1.25). Analyses were made mainly by 

chemists of the U. S. Geological Survey in the laboratory at Casper, 

Wyo. 240 samples from various geologic formations. 
INDEX 

A 

Page 

Ahlltracts or papers ____________________ .-3, 107-109 

Acknowledgments for aid _______________ 11, no-111 

Alabama, analyses of waters from____________ 197 

Alfalfa, fluctuations in water table produced 

by _______________________________ 24-28 

ground-water discharge by evaporation 

and transpiration of, in ex~rimental tank.-------------------- 99 

production of, by natural sub irrigation .. _ 8-10 

seasonal discharge of ground water by. . . . 82 

tank experiments with ___________________ 61Hi9 

Alkali, plants as indicators of_________________ 18 

Alluvium in Dalles region, Oreg., intermediate, occurrence and character of. 133 

intermediate, sand and gravel oL ...... pl. 15 

older, ageof..____________________________ 131 

cross-bedded sand, gravel, and bouldersoL _________________________ pl. 15 

distribution and character of. .. _ _ _ _ 1211-131 

fossils in ..... ----------------------- 131 origin of.. _________________________ 131-133 

younger, oocurrence and character ______ 133-134 

Andesite, in Dalles region, Oreg., occurrence 

of. _______ ------------------------ 127 

Arizona, analyses ofwatersfrom______________ 197 

Arkansas, analyses of waters from.----------- 198 

B 

Barometric pressure, fluctuations of water 

table due to______________________ 54 

Barr, W.B.,analysisofwellwaterby._______ 94 

Beaver River, Utah, heavy stand of rabbit 

brushneardrybedof. ___________ pl. 4 

thicket of young willows in former bed of. pl. 5 

Beryl district, Utah, discharge of ground water in. ________________________ 91-93 

Beryl, Utah, salt-grass areas near _____________ 28-29 

c 

California, analyses of waters from____________ 198 

Capillary fringe, deflnltionoL_______________ 5 

Cherry Hill District Improvement Co., distribution of irrigation costs oL... 163 

measurements of' depth to static level of 

water in well of.--------------- 153-155 

summaryofpumpagefrom well of. .. 150, pl. 17 

Climate of Dalles region, Oreg ____________ 114--116 

Collins, W, D., and Howard, C. S., Index of 

analyses of natural waters in the 

United States, 1926to 193L. .... 191-206 

Colorado, analyses of water from____________ 198 

Columbia River, view of valley of, at The 

Dalles, Oreg _____________________ pl. 12 

Connecticut, analyses ofwaterfrom. _______ 198-199 

D 

Page 

Dalles formation, cross-bedded conglomerate 

in·------------------------------ pl. 14 fossils in _______________________________ 125--126 

occurrence and character oL __________ 12o-127 

sections of. ____________________________ 121-124 

springs issning from_____________________ 147 

water in------------------------------ 145-147 

Dalles region, Oreg., analyses of typical 

watersfrom______________________ 162 

drainage of..-------------------------- 112-114 

drillers' logs of wells in .. --------------- 184--187 

epochs of deformation in._------------- 139-140 

general character and age of rocks oL..... 116 

ground water in, occurrence and recovery 

of._--------------------------- 142-143 

in unconsolidated rocks ____________ 144-145 

location and extent of__ ________________ 109-110 

purpose and scope of investigation in.___ 110 

records of springs in------------------- 188-189 

records of wells in.-------------------- 17Q-183 

secondary folds and faults in ___________ 135-138 

&e also The Dalles, Oreg. 

Dalles syncline, features of. _______________ 134--135 

Delaware, analyses of waters from___________ 199 

E 

Eagle Creek formation, occurrence and char- actar of ________________________ 116-118 

Erratic boulders, oocurrence of, in Dalles 

region, Oreg.____________________ 128 

Escalante Valley, Utah, agricultural utility 

of.------------------------------ 18-19 

ground-water conditions in ______________ 15-17 

map of, showing topography, hydrology, 

and land classification. pl. 1 (in pocket) 

precipitation in _______________________ 13-14,96 

purpose of ground-water studies in .. ____ 10 

quality of ground water in _______________ 93-95 

results of investigations in _______________ 1-105 

stream discharge in ______________________ 14--15 

topography of._------------------------- 11-13 

vegetation in ____________________________ 17-18 

Evaporation, observations of, from soil in 

tanks ____________________________ 77-81 

observations of, from free water surfaces._ 76-77 

]<' 

Florida, analysesofwaters from______________ 199 

Fluctuation of water levels in wells, general 

features of. ______________________ 1, 3-4 

interpretation of.________________________ 3 

measurements of------------------------ 2-3 

207 
208 INDEX 

Page 

Fluctuations of water table, cause of_________ 59-61 

character of, before and after plants are cut _________ --_---- ______ . _______ 44-47 

in cleared fields--------"------------- 43-44 

daily, general character oL _ ------------- 23-24 

interpretation of data for, in terms of 

ground water ____________________ 81-84 

investigation oL ________________________ 20-63 

method ot_ __________________________ 20-23 

seasonal, character oL ----· _____ --------- 54-58 

Foster, Margaret D., analyses of well water by_ 93-94 

G 

Geologic history of Dalles region, Oreg _____ 140-142 

Geologic map of Dalles region, Oreg. pl. u_ 

(in pocket) 

Geology and ground-water resources of Dalles 

region, Oreg ___________________ 107-189 

Georgia, analyses of waters from_____________ 100 

Gravel, effect of, on fluctuations of water 

table._-------------------------_ 61-63 

Greasewood, fluctuations in water table produCed bY------------------------ 33-36 

ground-water discharge by evaporation 

and transpiration of, in experimental tank_____________________ 100 

seasonal discharge of ground water by_ _ _ _ 82 tank experiments with ___________________ 71--74 

Ground water, discharge of, by soil evaporation._--------------------------- 101 

in Dalles region, Oreg., chemical character or__ ________________________ 160-162 

uniformity of composition ot__ _________ 193-194 

Ground-water supplies, a method of estimating.----------------------- __ 1-105 

H 

Harms, Herman, analyses of well water by_ _ _ 93-94 

Howard, C. S., analyses of well water by------ 93-94 

Collins, W. D., and, Index of analyses of 

natural waters In the United 

States, 1926 to 193L ___________ 191-206 

I 

Idaho analyses of waters from________________ 100 

Illinois, analyses of waters from______________ 100 

Indiana, analyses of waters from_____________ 100 

Iowa, analyses of waters from________________ 200 

Irrigation In Dalles region, Oreg., economic 

principles oL _________________ 163-165 

general features of-______________________ 163 

sources of ground water for_----------- 167-169 

statutory provisions affecting __________ 165-167 

K 

Kansas, analyses of water from_____________ 200 

Kelley, Ray F., measurements of depth to 

static level of water in well ot____ 153 

Kentucky, analyses of waters from___________ 200 

L 

Landslides in Dalles region, Oreg __________ 138-139 

Louisiana, analyses of waters from___________ 200 

Lund, Utah, salt-grass areas near _____________ 28-29 

M Page 

Maine, analyses of waters from______________ 200 

Maryland, analysesofwatersfrom___________ 200· 

Massachusetts, analysesofwatersfrom_______ 200· 

Meadow grasses, fluctuations in water table 

produced by--------------------- 4Z 

Michigan, analyses of waters from___________ 200 

Milford district, Utah, classification of vegetation in, for field mapping ______ 84-86 

cultivated lands in, amount of ground water used on ___________________ 87-8~ 

features of_______________________________ 19 

field of naturally subirrigated alfalfa in___ pl. 3 

fleldofshadscaleandgreasewoodin ______ pl. 5-

heavy stand of greasewood in____________ pl. 4 

meadowlands and lowlands in, general 

features of water table in--------- 86-87 

results of studies of water table in ________ 84-91 

salt-gr8ss meadow in--------------------- pl. 3 springs in________________________________ 8~ 

total discharge of ground water in ________ 90-91 

uplands In, general features of water table in__________________________ 87 

Milford Experiment Station, Utah, evaporation at___________________________ 97 

general features oL __ ------------ 63-64, pis. 6-9 

mean temperature at____________________ 97 

monthly precipitation at_________________ 97 

number of fair, partly cloudy, and cloudy 

days each month at______________ 97 

results of evaporation tests at____________ 98 

wind movement at______________________ 97 

Mineral waters, analyses oL ______________ 194-195 

Minnesota, analyses of waters from__________ 201 

Mississippi, analysesofwatersfrom__________ 201 

Missouri, analyses ofwatersfrom_____________ 201 

Modena, Utah, relative humidity recorded at_ 97 

Montana, analyses of waters from___________ 201 

N 

Nebraska, analyses of waters froiD------~---- 20Z 

Nevada, analyses of waters from_____________ 20Z 

New Hampshire, analyses of waters from_____ 202. 

New Jersey, analyses of waters from__________ 20Z 

New Mexico, analysesofwatersfrom_________ 202 

New York, analyses of waters from__________ 202 

North Carolina, analyses of waters from_____ 203 

North Dakota, analyses of waters from.----- 203 

0 

Observation wells, features of ________________ 20-22 

Ohio, analyses of waters from________________ 203 

Oklahoma, analyses of waters from__________ 203 

Oregon, analyses of waters from ____________ 162,203 

Osborn, H. F., quoted----------------------- 118 

Owens Valley, Calif., work of C. H, Lee in__ 6-7 

p 

Peat, effect of, on fluctuations of water table_ 62 

Pennsylvania, analyses of waters from..______ 204 

Physiographic history of Dalles region, 

Oreg ____________ -------- ______ 140-142 

Plckleweed, fluctuations in water table produced bY------------------------ 39 
INDEX 209 

Piper, Arthur M., Geology and ground-water 

resources of the Dalles region, 

Page 

Oregon. ___ . ___________________ 107-189 

Pomperaug Basin, Conn., work of 0. E. 

MelnzerandN.D.Steamsin... 6 

Public supplies, analyses of water of _______ 195--196 

Pulpit Rock, The Dalles, Oreg., view oL ••. pl. 14 

Q 

Quaternary rocks in Dalles region, Oreg ___ 127-134 

R 

Rabbit brush, fluctuations in water table 

produced by _____________________ 36-38 

Rain, effect of, on fluctuations of water table. 48-54 

Rhode Island, analyses of waters from_______ 204 

8 

Sagebrush, fluctuations in water table produced by________________________ 42 

Salt grass, fluctuations in water table pro- duced by. _______________________ 28-33 

ground-water discharge by evaporation 

and transpiration of, in experimental tanks____________________ 100 

seasonal discharge of ground water by___ 82 tank experiments with ___________________ 69-71 

Shad scale, fluctuations in water table pro- duced by ________________________ 38-39 

seasonal discharge of ground water by___ 82 

Smith, G. E. P., work of. ___________________ 4, 7-8 

South Carolina, analysesofwatersfrom_____ 204 

South Dakota, analyses of waters from._____ 204 

Specific yield of water, definition of..________ 5 

from different types of soil, data for ____ 102-105 tests of. _________________________________ 74-76 

installation of cylinder used in _______ pl.lO 

Stream discharge, daily fluctuations in, produced by withdrawal of ground 

water------ ___ -------- ___________ 95-96 

Structure of Dalles region, Oreg., general 

features of.______________________ 134 

Surface features of Dalles region, Oreg. ____ 111-112 

Surface waters, analyses of _________________ 192-193 

T 

Tanks, experiments with plants grown in, 

apparatus and methods __________ 64-66 

Tennessee, analyses of waters from___________ 204 

0 

Page 

Texas, analyses of waters from_______________ 204 

The Dalles, Oreg., fluctuations of water surface in municipal well at._._ pis. 18, 19 

measurements of depth to static level of 

water in municipal well at.______ 159 

monthly and annual rainfall at_ __ • ____ 115-116 

tentative correlation of water-bearing 

beds penetrated by typical wells near _____________________________ pl. 16 

See also Dalles region, Oreg., etc. 

Threemile Creek, Dalles region, Oreg., view 

of valley or. __ ------------------- pl. 13 

u 

Utah, analyses of waters from________________ 205 

v 

Vegetal discharge of ground water, definition 

oL _____________________________ . 5 

Vermont, analyses of waters from____________ 205 

Virginia, analyses of waters from ___________ 205--206 

w 

Washington, analyses of waters from_________ 206 

Water analyses, general collections of. _____ 196-197 

Water-stage recorder, automatic, features 

. and operation of. ______ pis. 2, 6, 9, 22-23 

West Virginia, analyses of waters from_______ 206 

White, Walter N., A method of estimating 

ground-water supplies based on 

discharge by plants and evapora- tion from soil ____________________ 1-105 

Willows, fluctuations in water table pro.- duced by ________________________ 41-42 

Wisconsin, analyses of waters from__________ 206 

Wyoming, analyses of waters from___________ 206 

y 

Yakima basalt, approximate altitude of type 

of, on flanks of Dalles syncline .• _ 135 

lower water-bearing zone in ____________ 156-160 

occurrence and character of. ___________ 118-120 

upperwater-bearingzonein, features of. 148-156 

water in, general conditions affecting____ 148 

z 

Zane, Utah, salt-grass areas near _____________ 28-29 

Zone of saturation. definition or______________ 5 
_,.,., ..