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                Scale and Scope of Safety Assessment Methods in the Project Development Process
fhwasa16106_0.pdf (4.22 MB)


FHWA-SA-16-106

November 2016

Notice

This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the use of the information contained in this document. The U.S. Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers' names appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the objective of the document.

Quality Assurance Statement

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) provides high-quality information to serve Government, industry, and the public in a manner that promotes public understanding. Standards and policies are used to ensure and maximize the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity of its information. FHWA periodically reviews quality issues and adjusts its programs and processes to ensure continuous quality improvement.

**1. Report No.**
			FHWA-SA-16-106
			**2. Government Accession No.**
			**3. Recipient's Catalog No.****4. Title and Subtitle**

			Scale and Scope of Safety Assessment Methods in the Project Development Process
			**5. Report Date**

			November 2016**6. Performing Organization Code****7. Author(s)**

			Jennifer Atkinson, Karen Dixon, Joseph Jones, Kelly Donoughe-Palframan, Mike Colety, Michael Pratt
			**8. Performing Organization Report No.****9. Performing Organization Name and Address**
			Leidos
			11251 Roger Bacon Dr.
			Reston, VA 20190

			Subconsultants:
			Texas Transportation Institute
			Kimley-Horn Associates
			**10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS)****11. Contract or Grant No.**

			DTFH61-10-D-00024**12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address**

			United States Department of Transportation
			Federal Highway Administration
			Office of Safety
			1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE
			Washington, DC 20590
			**13. Type of Report and Period Covered****14. Sponsoring Agency Code**

			HSA**15. Supplementary Notes**

			Ray Krammes (Ray.Krammes@dot.gov), Office of Safety, served as the Task Manager for the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Jerry Roche (Jerry.Roche@dot.gov), Office of Safety, served as a technical advisor for FHWA. The Highway Safety Manual Implementation Pooled Fund Study funded this project. Pooled-fund State representatives served as reviewers**16. Abstract**

			This document is intended to help users identify and apply suitable methods to assess quantitatively the safety performance impacts of project development decisions in terms of crash frequency and severity. This Guide suggests safety assessment methods that may be suitable for answering safety performance related questions that typically arise during each phase of the development process and for projects of various types. It also provides examples that illustrate the thought process for selecting a safety assessment method. This information on safety performance can then be considered in concert with other project criteria to make more informed highway investment decisions.**17. Key Words**

			Highway Safety Manual, project development, safety assessment method, safety performance
			**18. Distribution Statement**

			No restrictions.**19. Security Classification (of this report)**

			Unclassified
			**20. Security Classification (of this page)**

			Unclassified
			**21. No of Pages**

			152
			**22. Price**

			N/ASI* (Modern Metric) Conversion Factors

APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS TO SI UNITSSYMBOL
			WHEN YOU KNOW
			MULTIPLY BY
			TO FIND
			SYMBOLLENGTHin
			inches
			25.4
			millimeters
			mmft
			feet
			0.305
			meters
			myd
			yards
			0.914
			meters
			mmi
			miles
			1.61
			kilometers
			kmAREAin2
			square inches
			645.2
			square millimeters
			mm2ft2
			square feet
			0.093
			square meters
			m2yd2
			square yard
			0.836
			square meters
			m2ac
			acres
			0.405
			hectares
			hami2
			square miles
			2.59
			square kilometers
			km2VOLUMEfl oz
			fluid ounces
			29.57
			milliliters
			mLgal
			gallons
			3.785
			liters
			Lft3
			cubic feet
			0.028
			cubic meters
			m3yd3
			cubic yards
			0.765
			cubic meters
			m3NOTE: volumes greater than 1000 L shall be shown in m3MASSoz
			ounces
			28.35
			grams
			glb
			pounds
			0.454
			kilograms
			kgT
			short tons (2000 lb)
			0.907
			megagrams (or "metric ton")
			Mg (or "t")TEMPERATURE (exact degrees)oF
			Fahrenheit
			5 (F-32)/9
			or (F-32)/1.8
			Celsius
			oCILLUMINATIONfc
			foot-candles
			10.76
			lux
			lxfl
			foot-Lamberts
			3.426
			candela/m2
			cd/m2FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESSlbf
			poundforce
			4.45
			newtons
			Nlbf/in2
			poundforce per square inch
			6.89
			kilopascals
			kPa

APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS FROM SI UNITSSYMBOL
			WHEN YOU KNOW
			MULTIPLY BY
			TO FIND
			SYMBOLLENGTHmm
			millimeters
			0.039
			inches
			inm
			meters
			3.28
			feet
			ftm
			meters
			1.09
			yards
			ydkm
			kilometers
			0.621
			miles
			miAREAmm2
			square millimeters
			0.0016
			square inches
			in2m2
			square meters
			10.764
			square feet
			ft2m2
			square meters
			1.195
			square yards
			yd2ha
			hectares
			2.47
			acres
			ackm2
			square kilometers
			0.386
			square miles
			mi2VOLUMEmL
			milliliters
			0.034
			fluid ounces
			fl ozL
			liters
			0.264
			gallons
			galm3
			cubic meters
			35.314
			cubic feet
			ft3m3
			cubic meters
			1.307
			cubic yards
			yd3MASSg
			grams
			0.035
			ounces
			ozkg
			kilograms
			2.202
			pounds
			lbMg (or "t")
			megagrams (or "metric ton")
			1.103
			short tons (2000 lb)
			TTEMPERATURE (exact degrees)oC
			Celsius
			1.8C+32
			Fahrenheit
			oFILLUMINATIONlx
			lux
			0.0929
			foot-candles
			fccd/m2
			candela/m2
			0.2919
			foot-Lamberts
			flFORCE and PRESSURE or STRESSN
			newtons
			0.225
			poundforce
			lbfkPa
			kilopascals
			0.145
			poundforce per square inch
			lbf/in2*SI is the symbol for the International System of Units. Appropriate rounding should be made to comply with Section 4 of ASTM E380.
(Revised March 2003)
      
  Chapter 2. Planning and Scoping Applications
                Chapter 3. Alternatives Analysis Applications
                CHAPTER 4. Preliminary and Final Design Applications
                Appendix. Alternative Calculations for Select Example ProblemsBook traversal links for Scale and Scope of Safety Assessment Methods in the Project Development Process
      Chapter 2. Planning and Scoping Applications ›
                
                Book:Scale and Scope of Safety Assessment Methods in the Project Development Process
              Chapter 2. Planning and Scoping Applications
                Chapter 3. Alternatives Analysis Applications
                CHAPTER 4. Preliminary and Final Design Applications
                Appendix. Alternative Calculations for Select Example Problems U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

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