Series 23

No. 19

Fertility, Family Planning, and

Women’s Health: New Data

From the 1995 National Survey

of Family Growth

May 1997

Vital and

Health Statistics

From the CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION / National Center for Health Statistics

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

National Center for Health Statistics
Copyright Information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be

reproduced or copied without permission; citation as to source, however, is

appreciated.

Suggested citation

Abma J, Chandra A, Mosher W, Peterson L, Piccinino L. Fertility, family

planning, and women’s health: New data from the 1995 National Survey of

Family Growth. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 23(19).

1997.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Fertility, family planning, and women’s health : new data from the 1995 national

survey of family growth / Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control

and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics.

p. cm. — (Vital and health statistics. Series 23, Data from the national

survey of family growth ; no. 19)

DHHS Publication No. (PHS)97-1995.

Data collected in 1995 are presented on fertility and family size, wanted

and unwanted births, marriage, cohabitation, sexual intercourse, sexual

partners, contraceptive use, adoption, breastfeeding, maternity leave, use of

family planning and other medical services, and health conditions and behavior.

ISSN 0-8406-0526-9

1. Fertility—United States—Statistics. 2. Birth control—United

States—Statistics. 3. Childbirth—United States—Statistics. 4. Sex—United

States—Statistics. 5. Pregnancy—United States—Statistics. 6. Health

behavior—United States—Statistics. 7. United States—Statistics, Medical.

8. United States—Statistics, Vital. I. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.)

II. Series.

RG106.4.U6F47 1997 97-3229

618.2'00973—dc21 CIP

For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office

Superintendent of Documents

Mail Stop: SSOP

Washington, DC 20402-9328
Fertility, Family Planning, and

Women’s Health: New Data

From the 1995 National Survey

of Family Growth

Series 23:

Data From the National Survey

of Family Growth

No. 19

Hyattsville, Maryland

May 1997

DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 97-1995

Vital and

Health Statistics

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

National Center for Health Statistics
National Center for Health Statistics

Edward J. Sondik, Ph.D., Director

Jack R. Anderson, Deputy Director

Jack R. Anderson, Acting Associate Director for

International Statistics

Lester R. Curtin, Ph.D., Acting Associate Director for

Research and Methodology

Jacob J. Feldman, Ph.D., Associate Director for Analysis,

Epidemiology, and Health Promotion

Gail F. Fisher, Ph.D., Associate Director for Data Standards,

Program Development, and Extramural Programs

Edward L. Hunter, Associate Director for Planning, Budget,

and Legislation

Jennifer H. Madans, Ph.D., Acting Associate Director for

Vital and Health Statistics Systems

Stephen E. Nieberding, Associate Director for

Management

Charles J. Rothwell, Associate Director for Data

Processing and Services

Division of Vital Statistics

Mary Anne Freedman, Director

James A. Weed, Ph.D., Deputy Director

Kenneth G. Keppel, Ph.D., Acting Chief, Reproductive

Statistics Branch

Nicholas F. Pace, Chief, Systems Programming and

Statistical Resources Branch
Contents

Abstract ............................................................................................. 1

Introduction .......................................................................................... 1

Methods ............................................................................................. 2

Results .............................................................................................. 3

Children Ever Born and Total Births Expected ............................................................ 3

Wanted and Unwanted Births ......................................................................... 4

Sexual Intercourse .................................................................................. 4

Marriage and Cohabitation ............................................................................ 5

Contraceptive Use ................................................................................... 6

Fecundity, Infertility, and Sterilization Operations ......................................................... 6

Breastfeeding, Maternity Leave, and Child Care .......................................................... 7

Adoption, Stepchildren, and Foster Children ............................................................. 8

Health Insurance Coverage ........................................................................... 8

Family Planning and Other Medical Services ............................................................. 8

Cigarette Smoking .................................................................................. 9

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing and Related Behavior .............................................. 9

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and Douching .............................................................. 9

Sex Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Definitions of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Text Tables

A. Outline of the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth questionnaire ....................................... 2

B. Number of women, by age: United States, 1982, 1988, and 1995........................................... 3

List of Detailed Tables

1. Number of women 15–44 years of age, and mean number of children ever born, additional births expected, and

total births expected, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2. Number of women 15–44 years of age by race and Hispanic origin, and mean number of children ever born,

additional births expected, and total births expected, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

3. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by number of pregnancies, according to selected

characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

4. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by number of children ever born, according to

selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

5. Number of women 22–44 years of age and percent distribution by number of children ever born, according to

marital status, race and Hispanic origin, and education: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

6. Number of births estimated from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth, confidence interval for this estimate,

number of births based on vital records, and ratio, by year, race, and Hispanic origin: United States, 1991–94 . . . . . 17

7. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by total births expected, according to selected

characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

iii
8. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by total births expected, according to race and

Hispanic origin, parity, and marital status: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

9. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by total number of births expected, according to

marital status, parity, and fecundity status: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

10. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by total number of births expected, according to

race and Hispanic origin, parity, and fecundity status: United States 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

11. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by timing of first birth in relation to first marriage,

according to selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

12. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent who ever had an unintended birth, by selected characteristics:

United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

13. Number of women 15–44 years of age who ever had an unintended birth and percent distribution by whether her

first unintended birth was mistimed or unwanted, according to selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . 24

14. Number of births in the 5 years before interview to women 15–44 years of age at interview and percent distribution

by wantedness status at conception, according to selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

15. Number of births in the 5 years before interview to women 22–44 years of age at interview and percent distribution

by wantedness status, according to education and race and Hispanic origin: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

16. Number of pregnancies in 1991–95 to women 15–44 years of age at interview, percent distribution by value on

the scale of how happy she was to be pregnant, and mean scale value, according to selected characteristics:

United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

17. Number of births in the 5 years before interview to women 15–44 years of age at interview and percent

distribution by couple agreement on the intendedness of the birth, according to selected characteristics of the mother:

United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

18. Percent distribution by age at first menstrual period among women 15–44 years of age and mean age at first

menstrual period, according to age and race and Hispanic origin: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

19. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent who have ever had sexual intercourse after menarche for all

women and never-married women, by age at interview and by age and race and Hispanic origin for teenagers:

United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

20. Number of women 20–44 years of age and cumulative percent who have ever had sexual intercourse after menarche

and before reaching selected ages: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

21. Number of women 15–44 years of age who have ever had sexual intercourse and percent whose first intercourse

was not voluntary, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

22. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent ever forced to have sexual intercourse, by age at first forced

intercourse and selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

23. Number of women 15–44 years of age who have ever had voluntary sexual intercourse and percent distribution by age

of first voluntary partner, according to age at first intercourse and race and Hispanic origin: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . 34

24. Number of women 15–44 years of age who have ever had voluntary sexual intercourse and percent distribution

by type of relationship with partner at first voluntary intercourse, according to selected characteristics:

United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

25. Number of ever-married women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by timing of first sexual intercourse

after menarche in relation to first marriage, according to selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

26. Number of unmarried women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by number of male sexual partners in

the 12 months prior to the interview, according to selected characteristics, based on responses from intervieweradministered questionnaire: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

27. Number of unmarried women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by number of male sexual partners in

the 12 months prior to interview, according to selected characteristics, based on responses from self-administered

questionnaire: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

28. Number of unmarried women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by number of male sexual partners

since January 1991, according to selected characteristics, based on responses from interviewer-administered

questionnaire: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

29. Number of unmarried women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by number of male sexual partners

since January 1991, according to selected characteristics, based on responses from self-administered questionnaire:

United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

30. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by number of male sexual partners in lifetime, according

to selected characteristics, based on responses from interviewer-administered questionnaire: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . 41

31. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by number of male sexual partners in lifetime, according

to selected characteristics, based on responses from self-administered questionnaire: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

32. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by current marital status, according to selected

characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

iv
33. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent who have ever cohabited, are currently cohabiting, have ever

married, or have ever married or cohabited: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

34. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by cohabitation experience relative to first marriage,

according to selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

35. Number of women 15–44 years of age who have ever cohabited and percent distribution by status of first

cohabitation, according to selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

36. Number of ever-married women 15–44 years of age and cumulative percent whose first marriage was dissolved by

separation, divorce, or annulment, by years since first marriage and selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . 47

37. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by number of husbands or cohabiting partners,

according to selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

38. Number of women 15–44 years of age who have ever had intercourse and percent who have ever used the

specified contraceptive methods, by age: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

39. Number of women 15–44 years of age who have ever had intercourse and percent who used the specified

contraceptive method at first intercourse, according to race and Hispanic origin and year: United States, 1995 . . . . . 49

40. Number of women 15–44 years of age who had premarital voluntary intercourse and percent who used the

specified contraceptive method at first intercourse, by age at first intercourse, race and Hispanic origin, and year of

first intercourse: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

41. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by current contraceptive status and method, according

to age at interview: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

42. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by current contraceptive status and method, according

to marital status and race and Hispanic origin: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

43. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent currently using a method of contraception, by selected

characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

44. Number of women 15–44 years of age who are currently using a method of contraception and percent distribution by

method, according to selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

45. Number of women 15–44 years of age who had intercourse and used the pill as their only contraceptive method

in the 3 months before interview and percent distribution by consistency of use, according to selected characteristics:

United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

46. Number of women 15–44 years of age who had intercourse in the 3 months prior to interview and only used

coitus-dependent contraceptive methods during those months and percent distribution by consistency of use,

according to selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

47. Number of women 15–44 years of age who had intercourse in the 3 months prior to interview and used coitusdependent contraceptive methods during those months and percent distribution by consistency of coitus-dependent

method use, according to selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

48. Number of unmarried women 15–24 years of age who had intercourse in the 3 months prior to interview, and percent who

used the specified contraceptive methods at last intercourse, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . 58

49. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by fecundity status, according to selected

characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

50. Number of currently married women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by fecundity status, according to

selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

51. Number of currently married women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by infertility status, according to

selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

52. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent who have had a sterilizing operation, by type of operation, and percent

whose current husband or cohabiting partner has had a vasectomy, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . 62

53. Number of currently married women 15–44 years of age and percent who have had a sterilizing operation, by type of

operation and percent whose husband has had a vasectomy, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . 63

54. Number of women who have had (or whose current husbands or cohabiting partners have had) sterilizing operations,

percent who cited the specified reasons for their operations, and percent distribution by main reason, according to

type of operation: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

55. Number of women 15–44 years of age, percent who have ever received any infertility services, and percent who have

ever received the specified infertility services, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

56. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by the number of visits for medical help to get

pregnant or to prevent miscarriage (made by her or her husband or cohabiting partner) in the 12 months prior to

interview, according to selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

57. Percent of singleton babies born in 1990–93 who were ever breastfed, percent distribution by duration of

breastfeeding, and mean duration of breastfeeding in weeks, according to selected characteristics of the mother:

United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

v
58. Number of women 15–44 years of age who have ever had a live birth and percent distribution by use of maternity

leave for the most recent birth, according to selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

59. Number of women 15–44 years of age who were working most of the time the week prior to interview and have at

least 1 child under 5 years of age, and percent using the specified child care arrangement in the 4 weeks prior to

interview for their youngest child, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

60. Number of women 15–44 years of age who were not working the week prior to interview and have at least 1

child under 5 years of age, and percent reporting using the specified child care arrangement in the 4 weeks prior

to interview for their youngest child, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

61. Number of women 15–44 years of age who were working most of the time the week prior to interview and whose

youngest child is 5–12 years of age, and percent using the specified child care arrangement in the 4 weeks prior to

interview for their youngest child, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

62. Number of women 15–44 years of age who were not working the week prior to interview and whose youngest

child is 5–12 years of age, and percent regularly using the specified child care arrangement in the 4 weeks prior to

interview for their youngest child, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

63. Number of women 15–44 years of age who were working the week prior to interview, with at least 1 child

under 13 years of age and mean amount paid per week for child care, by number of children and selected

characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

64. Number of women 15–44 years of age who were not working the week prior to interview, with at least 1

child under age 13 and mean amount paid per week for child care, by number of children and selected

characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

65. Number of women 18–44 years of age and percent who have ever lived with and cared for a child to whom they

did not give birth, by the child’s relationship to them and selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . 75

66. Number of women 18–44 years of age, percent who are seeking to adopt a child, and percent who had taken

specified steps toward adoption, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

67. Number of currently married women 15–44 years of age and percent reporting the specified sources of coverage

for health insurance, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

68. Number of unmarried women 15–44 years of age and percent reporting the specified sources of coverage for

health insurance, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

69. Number of women 15–44 years of age who had a live birth in 1991–95 and percent distribution by method of

payment for the most recent delivery, according to selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

70. Number of women 15–24 years of age, percent who ever received family planning services, and percent who

received the specified services at first family planning visit, by selected characteristics of the women:

United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

71. Number of women 15–24 years of age, percent who ever received family planning services, and percent who used

the specified provider for first family planning visit, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

72. Number of women 15–24 years of age who have ever used the specified type of provider for first family planning

visit and percent distribution by selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

73. Number of women 15–44 years of age, percent who received at least 1 family planning services from a

medical care provider in the 12 months prior to interview, and percent who received specified services, by selected

characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

74. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent who received the specified medical services from a medical care

provider in the 12 months prior to interview, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

75. Number of women 15–44 years of age, percent who received at least 1 family planning service in the 12 months

prior to interview, and percent who used specified type of provider, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . 85

76. Number of women 15–44 years of age, number who received at least 1 family planning service in the 12 months

prior to interview from specified type of provider, and percent distribution by selected characteristics:

United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

77. Number of women 15–44 years of age, percent who received at least 1 medical service in the 12 months prior to

interview, and percent who used the specified type of provider, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . 87

78. Number of women 15–44 years of age, number who received at least 1 medical service in the 12 months

prior to interview from specified type of provider, and percent distribution by selected characteristics:

United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

79. Number of women 15–44 years of age, percent who received at least 1 family planning or medical service in

the 12 months prior to interview, and percent who used the specified type of provider, by selected characteristics:

United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

80. Number of women 15–44 years of age, number who received at least 1 family planning or medical service

from the specified type of provider in the 12 months prior to interview, and percent distribution by selected

characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

vi
81. Number of women 15–44 years of age, percent who received at least 1 family planning service in the 12 months

prior to interview from a medical care provider, and percent reporting the specified method of payment, by selected

characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

82. Number of women 15–44 years of age, percent who received at least 1 medical service in the 12 months prior

to interview from a medical care provider, and percent reporting the specified method of payment, by selected

characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

83. Number of pregnancies ending in live birth to women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by months

pregnant when prenatal care began, according to selected characteristics: United States, 1991–95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

84. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by cigarette smoking status, according to selected

characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

85. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by testing for HIV, according to selected

characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

86. Number of women 15–44 years of age who were tested for HIV in the 12 months prior to interview and percent

who cited the specified reasons for the test, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

87. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent reporting the specified HIV risk behaviors in the 12 months

prior to interview, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

88. Number of unmarried women 15–44 years of age who have had intercourse in the 12 months prior to interview

and percent distribution by how often their male partners used condoms for disease prevention, according to

selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

89. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent ever treated for pelvic inflammatory disease, by race and

Hispanic origin and selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

90. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent who douche regularly, by race and Hispanic origin and

selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

91. Number of women 18–44 years of age and percent who had formal instruction about the specified sex-education

topics before they were 18, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

vii
Objectives

This report shows data on a wide

range of topics from the 1995 National

Survey of Family Growth (NSFG),

including: pregnancy and birth,

marriage, divorce, cohabitation, sexual

intercourse, contraception, infertility, use

of family planning and other medical

services, and health conditions and

behavior.

Methods

The data in this report are based on

in-person interviews with a national

sample of 10,847 women 15–44 years

of age. The interviews lasted an

average of 103 minutes. The response

rate was 79 percent. The sample data

are adjusted for nonresponse and are

national estimates.

Results

Following large increases in the

1970’s and 1980’s, the proportion of

teenagers who have ever had sexual

intercourse decreased slightly between

1990 and 1995; condom use, both at

first intercourse and currently, has

increased markedly since the 1970’s.

These changes may have contributed

to the decreases in the teen birth rate

observed in the 1990’s.

For all women 15–44 years of age,

the number whose partner was

currently using the condom (at the date

of interview) increased from 3.6 million

in 1982 to 5.1 million in 1988 and 7.9

million in 1995.

About 8 percent of women reported

that their first intercourse was not

voluntary. This result is consistent with

an earlier national survey. About

20 percent reported that they had been

forced by a man to have intercourse at

some time in their lives.

About 10 percent of births in

1990–95 were unwanted by the mother

compared with 12 percent in 1984–88.

The decrease in unwanted births was

particularly large for black women.

It appears that the prevalence of

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and

vaginal douching have both decreased

since 1988.

Keywords: births c sexual intercourse

c contraception c infertility c pregnancy

Fertility, Family Planning, and

Women’s Health: New Data

From the 1995 National Survey

of Family Growth

by Joyce C. Abma, Ph.D., Anjani Chandra, Ph.D.,

William D. Mosher, Ph.D., Linda S. Peterson, M.A., and

Linda J. Piccinino, M.P.S., Division of Vital Statistics

Introduction

This report presents the first results

from the 1995 National Survey of

Family Growth (NSFG). The

NSFG was conducted by the National

Center for Health Statistics (NCHS),

U.S. Department of Health and Human

Services, under a contract with the

Research Triangle Institute (RTI),

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

Previous NSFG’s were conducted

by NCHS in 1973 (Cycle 1), 1976

(Cycle 2), 1982 (Cycle 3), and 1988

(Cycle 4). The 1995 NSFG is the fifth

time the survey has been conducted by

NCHS and is therefore referred to as

Cycle 5.

The NSFG is a multipurpose study

based on personal interviews with a

national sample of women 15–44 years

of age in the civilian

noninstitutionalized population of the

United States. Its main function is to

collect data on factors affecting

pregnancy and women’s health in the

United States. The NSFG supplements

and complements the data from the

National Vital Statistics System on

births, marriage and divorce, fetal death,

and infant mortality (1). The NSFG is

also a significant part of the Centers for

Disease Control and Prevention’s public

health surveillance for women, infants,

and children—particularly on

contraception, infertility, unintended

pregnancy and childbearing, and teenage

pregnancy (2).

This report is organized around the

central theme of the NSFG—pregnancy

and its determinants and consequences

(3–5). Findings are shown in this report

on the following topics:

+ Children ever born and total births

expected

+ Wanted and unwanted births

+ Sexual intercourse

+ Marriage and cohabitation

+ Contraceptive use

+ Fecundity, infertility, and

sterilization operations

+ Breastfeeding, maternity leave, and

child care

+ Adoption, stepchildren, and foster

children

+ Health insurance coverage

+ Family planning and other medical

services

+ Cigarette smoking

+ HIV testing

+ Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

+ Sex education

The 1995 National Survey of Family Growth was jointly planned and funded primarily by the National

Center for Health Statistics, the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and the

Office of Population Affairs, with additional support from the Administration for Children and Families.

Other organizations and individuals also provided helpful advice and assistance.

Alphabetical listing of authors indicates equal authorship of this report.

Page 1
Methods

I

nterviews were conducted in person

in the homes of 10,847 women

between January and October 1995.

The interviews were conducted with

laptop computers by female interviewers

who had received one full week of

intensive training on the NSFG.

Computer-Assisted Personal

Interviewing (CAPI) improved the

quality of the data in three ways:

1. It reduced design errors and

ambiguities in the questionnaire by

requiring detailed specification of the

questionnaire.

2. It reduced interviewer error by

automatically skipping to the next

appropriate question.

3. It reduced respondent error by

automatically performing consistency

checks during the interview, rather

than weeks or months later as in

paper and pencil interviewing (6).

Interviews averaged 103 minutes in

length. All sampled women were offered

an incentive of $20 to complete the

interview. A large pretest had shown that

the incentive increased response rates,

reduced costs, and improved the

reporting of sensitive items (7–9). The

overall response rate was 79 percent.

Parental consent was obtained for

unmarried sample women 15–17 years

of age (interviews for women 15–17

years of age averaged less than 60

minutes—significantly shorter than those

for adults).

A small part of the interview (about

10 minutes, on average) was conducted

with a self-administered technique called

Audio Computer-Assisted SelfInterviewing, or Audio CASI, in which

the woman hears the questions over

headphones and enters her answers

directly into the computer. This meant

that neither the interviewer nor anyone

in the household could hear the

questions or the answers in this section.

Some studies suggest that more honest

answers to very sensitive items are

obtained from self-administered

questionnaires (8,10,11). A few

questions on abortion and sexual

partners were asked in both the

interviewer-administered and the Audio

CASI portions of the interview, thus

allowing results to be compared between

interview modes.

The 1995 NSFG contained much

more detailed data than ever before on

the social, economic, and family

background of the woman and her

husband or partner (table A). To release

as much of the results of the 1995

survey as soon as possible, this report

contains only very simple measures of

these background characteristics and is

limited to simple statistical measures

such as percents and averages. Further

research on the 1995 NSFG will explore

the usefulness of these measures of the

woman’s and her partners’ background

in more detail.

Major funding for the 1995 NSFG

was provided by NCHS, the National

Institute for Child Health and Human

Development, and the Office of

Population Affairs, with additional

support from the Administration for

Children and Families—all of the U.S.

Department of Health and Human

Services. These organizations, along

with leading researchers from outside

the government, helped to design the

survey. Further details on the planning

and operation of the survey are given in

a separate report (12).

For Cycle 5 of the NSFG, a

national probability sample of 14,000

women 15–44 years of age was selected

from among households that responded

to the 1993 National Health Interview

Survey (NHIS). The NHIS is a

continuous multistage household survey

conducted by NCHS that covers the

U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized

population. Data are collected for each

household member on health conditions,

doctor visits, hospitalizations,

disabilities, and other health-related

topics, as well as demographic

characteristics of the household and

household members. In 1993, the NHIS

was conducted in 198 primary sampling

units (PSU’s), where a PSU is a county

or group of adjacent counties. PSU’s

were located in nearly every State and

included all of the largest metropolitan

areas in the United States.

To obtain a sufficient number of

black and Hispanic women for the

NSFG from the NHIS sample, all

households with black and Hispanic

women in the 1993 NHIS were included

in the NSFG. Some of the ‘‘white and

other’’ women from the NHIS were

selected for the NSFG sample. Thus,

black and Hispanic women were sampled

at a higher rate than were white and other

women for the NSFG. Sampled women

who had moved since the NHIS interview

were traced to their new address, and an

interviewer conducted the interview at the

new address.

The numbers, percents, averages,

and other statistics shown in this report

are weighted national estimates. The

weights account for the different

sampling rates and for nonresponse and

are adjusted to agree with control totals

by age, race, parity, and marital status

provided by the U.S. Bureau of the

Census. The 10,847 women in the

NSFG represent the 60.2 million women

in the civilian noninstitutional

population of the United States in 1995.

Thus, on average, each woman in the

NSFG represents about 5,500 women in

Table A. Outline of the 1995 National

Survey of Family Growth questionnaire

A. *Education history

*History of childhood and young adult living

arrangements (Living with mother, father,

grandparents)

* Work history

*Smoking (ever and current)

B. Pregnancy and birth history

*Smoking in each pregnancy

Adoption, stepchildren, foster children

C. Marriage history

*Cohabitation history

First intercourse; *first partner

*Partner history, January 1991–95

D. Sterilizing operations: type, date, reasons,

reversals

Impaired fecundity: impossible versus difficult

E. Contraceptive use: all methods ever used,

first method used, methods used recently

Wantedness of all pregnancies

F. Use of family planning (birth control) services

Use of other medical services

Title X clinic use

G. Births expected in the future

H. Infertility services

Diseases related to fertility (PID, STD’s, others)

HIV-related behavior, HIV tests

I. Residence, religion, race/ethnicity

Occupation, income, insurance

J. *Audio self-administered: abortion, other items

*Indicates that this topic or section was new in the 1995

questionnaire

Page 2 [ Series 23, No. 19
the population. The number of women

she represents in the population is called

her ‘‘sampling weight.’’ Sampling

weights may vary considerably from this

average value depending on the

respondent’s race, the response rate for

similar women, and other factors. As

with any sample survey, the estimates in

this report are subject to sampling

variability. Significance tests on NSFG

data should be done taking the sampling

design into account.

Nonsampling errors were minimized

by stringent quality-control procedures

that included thorough interviewer

training, checking the consistency of

answers during and after the interview,

imputing missing data, and adjusting the

sampling weights for nonresponse and

undercoverage to match national totals.

Estimates of sampling errors and other

statistical aspects of the survey are

described in more detail in another

separate report (13).

This report shows findings by

characteristics of the woman interviewed,

including her age, marital status,

education, parity, household income

divided by the poverty level, and race and

Hispanic origin. It has been shown that

black and Hispanic women have markedly

lower levels of income, education, and

access to health care and health insurance,

than white women (14). These and other

factors, rather than race or origin per se,

probably account for differences in the

behaviors and outcomes studied in this

report among white, black, and Hispanic

women (15).

Table B shows a factor that should

be considered in interpreting trends in

pregnancy-related behavior in the United

States: the changing age composition of

the reproductive-age population. In

1982, there were 54.1 million women of

reproductive age in the United States; in

1988, 57.9 million; and in 1995, 60.2

million (16). The large baby boom

cohort, born between 1946 and 1964,

was 18–34 years of age in 1982, 24–42

years of age in 1988, and 31–49 years

of age in 1995. These large birth cohorts

were preceded (up to 1945) and

followed (1965–80) by smaller cohorts.

While the overall number of women

15–44 years of age rose by 6 million, or

11 percent between 1982 and 1995, the

number of teenage women dropped by

about 6 percent, the number of women

20–24 years of age dropped by

15 percent, and the number of women

25–29 dropped by 6 percent (table B). In

contrast, the number of women 30–44

years of age increased sharply—for

example, the number of women 40–44

years of age increased by 59 percent

between 1982 and 1995. Also, women

30–44 years of age accounted for

54 percent of women 15–44 years of age

in 1995 compared with 44 percent in

1982. These differences in age

composition may be relevant whenever

time trends among women 15–44 years

of age are being discussed.

Public use files based on the 1995

NSFG are available on computer tape.

They will also be available on Compact

Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM).

Questions about the cost and availability

of the computer tapes should be directed

to the National Technical Information

Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road,

Springfield, VA 22161, 703–487-4650,

or 1–800-553-NTIS. Questions regarding

the CD-ROM files should be directed to

NCHS’ Data Dissemination Branch at

301–436-8500.

Results

Tables 1–17 contain measures of

pregnancy and birth in the United

States.

Children Ever Born and Total

Births Expected

In 1995, women 15–44 years of

age in the United States had had an

average of 1.2 births per woman

(table 1). This compares with 1.2 in

1988 and 1.3 in 1982 (17). In 1995,

women 15–44 years of age expected to

finish their childbearing with an

average of 2.2 children per woman

(table 1) compared with 2.2 in 1988

and 2.4 in 1982 (17).

The proportion who report that they

have never been pregnant was markedly

higher for college graduates than for

those who did not complete high school

(table 3). This same pattern by education

is also seen when data for live births are

examined (tables 4–5): about 49 percent

of women 22–44 years of age who had

graduated from college had had no live

births as of the date of interview

compared with just 8 percent of women

22–44 years of age without a high

school diploma (table 4). Within race

and Hispanic origin groups, the pattern

was the same: college graduates had

markedly higher percents childless than

women with less education (table 5).

Table 6 shows a comparison

between live births reported in the

NSFG and live births registered on birth

certificates in the years 1991–94. In

each individual calendar year and for

the sum of the years 1991–94, the

NSFG estimate of the number of births

is very close to the birth certificate total

and differs from it by less than the

NSFG’s sampling error. The NSFG

estimate is also very close for white

women. The NSFG estimate for black

women is slightly lower, and the

estimate for other races somewhat

higher than the birth certificate data. A

discussion of this difference is given in

the definition of ‘‘Race and Hispanic

origin’’ in the ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

Overall, and by characteristics other

than race, however, table 6 shows that

Table B. Number of women, by age: United States, 1982, 1988, and 1995

Age¬ 1982¬ 1988¬ 1995¬ 1988–95¬ 1982–95

Number in thousands¬ Percent change

15–44 years .................. ¬ 54,099¬ 57,900¬ 60,201¬ +3.8¬ +11.3

15–19 years ................. ¬ 9,521¬ 9,179¬ 8,961¬ –4.2¬ –5.8

20–24 years ................. ¬ 10,629¬ 9,413¬ 9,041¬ –1.1¬ –14.9

25–29 years ................. ¬ 10,263¬ 10,796¬ 9,693¬ –9.4¬ –5.6

30–34 years ................. ¬ 9,381¬ 10,930¬ 11,065¬ +1.8¬ +18.0

35–39 years ................. ¬ 7,893¬ 9,583¬ 11,211¬ +15.8¬ +42.0

40–44 years ................. ¬ 6,412¬ 7,999¬ 10,230¬ +24.7¬ +59.3

Source: Reference 16 and table 1 of this report. Numbers are adjusted to agree with control totals provided by the U.S. Bureau of

the Census.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 3
there is very good agreement between

the NSFG and the registered births.

About 9 percent of women 15–44

years of age had no children and

expected none in their lives. About

15 percent of all women expected to

have one birth in their lifetimes and

43 percent expected 2 births (table 7).

In 1995, 5.4 million women had no

children and expected none in the future

(table 9). Of these, 4.1 million, or

6.6 percent of all women, were

voluntarily childless—either fecund

(able to have a birth, 3.4 million) or

contraceptively sterile (0.7 million)

(table 9). In 1982, 4.9 percent and in

1988, 6.2 percent of all women were

voluntarily childless. In 1995 about 1.2

million women, or 2 percent, were

involuntarily childless—that is, they

were currently childless, expected to

have no children in their lifetimes, were

sterile for reasons other than

contraception, or had impaired

fecundity. In 1982 and 1988, the percent

involuntarily childless was also

2 percent.

About 16 percent of women 15–44

years of age had a baby before their first

marriage (table 11). The percent of

women with a premarital birth was

higher for women married more

recently—nearly 22 percent among those

first married in 1990–95 compared with

8 percent among those first married

before 1980. Family background was

also significantly related to the

occurrence of a premarital birth. About

42 percent of women raised by a single

parent from birth had a baby before

their own first marriage compared with

12 percent of women raised in a

two-parent home from birth.

Wanted and Unwanted Births

To measure the degree of control

women or couples have on the number

and timing of pregnancy, pregnancies

are classified in three categories in the

NSFG: intended, mistimed, and

unwanted. A pregnancy was classified as

‘‘intended’’ at conception if the woman

had stopped using contraception because

she wanted to become pregnant. Births

that were wanted but occurred sooner

than desired were classified as

‘‘mistimed.’’ For example, if she wanted

to have her first child at age 22 but

became pregnant at age 17, her

pregnancy was classified as mistimed. A

pregnancy was classified as ‘‘unwanted’’

at conception if the woman had become

pregnant while using contraception and

had not wanted to have a(nother) baby

ever in her life. For example, if she

wanted to have two children in her life

and became pregnant with a third child,

that pregnancy would be reported as

unwanted.

The percents labeled ‘‘new

version’’ in table 14 are from a revision

in Cycle 5 of the wantedness status

variable that was designed to measure

whether some respondents

misunderstood the traditional

wantedness question series (19). The

findings show that although

misunderstanding does occur, the effect

in the aggregate is quite small—the

percent of births unwanted is

10.1 percent in the ‘‘old’’ version (based

on the traditional series) and 9.1 percent

in the ‘‘new’’ version. For comparability

with previously published data, the

‘‘old’’ version is discussed in this text.

The largest proportions of births

that were unwanted at conception

occurred to unmarried women, women

with three or more births, black women,

and women at the lowest income level

(table 14). The percent of recent births

that were unwanted by the mother at the

time of conception dropped slightly

from 12 percent in 1988 to 10 percent in

1995. This may be due, in part, to a

particularly large drop in unwanted

births to black women between 1988

and 1995—from 29 percent of recent

births unwanted in 1988, to 21 percent

in 1995 (table 14) (18).

New questions were added to the

1995 NSFG to add depth and clarity to

our understanding of unintended

pregnancy (19). In addition to the

traditional series of questions, women

were asked to report their feelings about

each pregnancy (at the time they

became pregnant) using a scale of 1 to

10, with 1 being ‘‘very unhappy to be

pregnant,’’ and 10 being ‘‘very happy to

be pregnant.’’ Although more analysis is

needed, these new data appear valid and

affirm the traditional measures of

unintended pregnancy. Almost

90 percent of intended pregnancies were

rated 8–10 on the scale. Mistimed

pregnancies were fairly evenly

distributed across all scale values, but

two-thirds (67 percent) of unwanted

pregnancies were rated 1–3. The average

(mean) ‘‘happiness to get pregnant’’

rating for intended pregnancies was 9.2

out of 10; for mistimed pregnancies, the

mean was 5.2; and for unwanted

pregnancies, 2.9 (table 16).

Sexual Intercourse

Tables 18–31 show data for 1995 on

the frequency and timing of sexual

intercourse. (Because the focus of the

NSFG is on pregnancy and not on

sexual behavior per se, the survey asks

about heterosexual, vaginal intercourse

only. Recent studies of sexual behavior

include those in references 20–22.) A

woman’s age at first menstrual period is

important because it marks the

approximate age at which she could first

become pregnant if she had sexual

intercourse. For this reason, many

measures of sexual intercourse in this

report are restricted to intercourse after

menarche. In 1995, the mean age at first

menstrual period for all women 15–44

years of age was 12.6 years (table 18).

Ever Had Intercourse

About 50 percent of teenagers

15–19 years of age reported that they

had ever had sexual intercourse in 1995

(table 19) compared with 55 percent in

1990, 53 percent in 1988 and 47 percent

in 1982 (23). The difference between

1990 and 1995 approaches statistical

significance and is consistent with the

downward trend in the teen birth rate

between 1990 and 1995. The percent of

teens 15–17 years of age who had ever

had intercourse was 33 percent in 1982,

38 percent in 1988, and 38 percent in

1995. For teens 18–19 years of age,

these figures were 64 percent in 1982,

74 percent in 1988, and 70 percent in

1995. These findings deserve further

study, but it appears that the long-term

increase in sexual activity among teens

may have ended, at least temporarily.

Forced Intercourse

Women in the NSFG were asked

two different sets of questions about

Page 4 [ Series 23, No. 19
nonvoluntary intercourse. One set of

questions was in the intervieweradministered portion of the survey and

the second was in the self-administered

portion (Audio CASI). In the

interviewer-administered series, they

were asked whether their first

intercourse was ‘‘voluntary or not

voluntary.’’ For about 8 percent of

women 15–44 years of age who have

had intercourse, their first intercourse

was not voluntary (table 21). For those

whose first intercourse occurred at age

15 or younger, that first intercourse was

nonvoluntary for 16 percent compared

with 7 percent or less for those whose

first intercourse occurred at age 16 or

older. The percent whose first

intercourse was nonvoluntary is nearly

10 percent among women whose first

intercourse was before 1975 compared

with about 6 percent among women who

first had intercourse in the 1990’s

(table 21).

In the self-administered (Audio

CASI) portion of the interview, women

were asked a related but different

question: whether they had ever been

forced by a man to have sexual

intercourse against their will. About

20 percent of women reported that they

had been forced by a man to have

intercourse against their will at some

time in their lives (table 22). Thus,

table 21 shows that for 8 percent of

women, their first intercourse was

nonvoluntary; table 22 shows that

20 percent had had nonvoluntary

intercourse at some time—not

necessarily at first intercourse. Table 22

also shows that 6 percent of women

reported that they were forced to have

intercourse before they were 15 and

another 6 percent before they were 18. A

fairly high percent of formerly married

(divorced or separated) women—about

35 percent—reported that they had been

forced to have intercourse. This finding

deserves further study.

First Sexual Partner

There has been much public

discussion about the partners of sexually

active teenagers. Table 23 profiles the

age of male partners at women’s first

voluntary intercourse. About two-thirds

(66 percent) of women who had their

first voluntary intercourse before they

were 16 had first partners who were

under 18 years of age; 21 percent had

first partners 18–19 years of age;

7 percent had first partners 20–22 years

of age, 2 percent had first partners

23–24 years of age, and 4 percent had

first partners 25 years of age or older

(table 23).

Only 3 percent of women had their

first intercourse with a man they just

met. About 3 out of 5 women

(61 percent) were ‘‘going steady’’ or

‘‘going together’’ with the man they had

intercourse with the first time, and about

1 in 5 were engaged or married to him.

About 12 percent of all women were

married when they had their first

intercourse. Among women 40–44 years

of age (born in 1951–55), 23 percent

were married to their partner at first

intercourse while about 2 percent of

women 15–19 years of age (born

1971–75) were married to their first

partner. Women who lived with both of

their parents throughout their childhood

were more likely than other women to

have been married to their partner at

first intercourse (table 24).

First Intercourse Relative to

First Marriage

Among ever-married women 15–44

years of age, 82 percent had first

intercourse before they were married.

About 69 percent of those first married

in 1965–74 had their first intercourse

before marriage compared with

89 percent of those first married in the

1990’s. Only 2 percent of those first

married in 1965–74 had their first

intercourse 5 years or more before

marriage compared with 56 percent of

those first married in the 1990’s

(table 25).

Number of Sexual Partners

As mentioned previously, some

questions on abortion, sexual partners,

and forced sexual intercourse were

asked in both the intervieweradministered and the self-administered

(Audio CASI) portions of the interview.

Responses to sensitive questions appear

to have been affected by the computer

self-administered mode of interviewing.

Tables 26–31 show data on the number

of sexual partners in the last 1 year, 5

years, and lifetime, using both the

interviewer-administered and selfadministered methods. Presenting data

based on both modes of interviewing

allows the examination of differences in

reporting due to the mode of

interviewing (table 26 versus 27,

table 28 versus 29, and table 30 versus

31); and the selection of findings most

appropriate for comparison to other

surveys.

About 3 percent of unmarried

women told the interviewer that they

had had four or more male sexual

partners in the last 12 months (table 26),

compared with 9 percent reporting four

or more partners in Audio CASI

(table 27). A similar disparity was found

when comparing the interviewer results

with Audio CASI results for the number

of partners since January 1991 (a little

less than 5 years, on average).

Among unmarried women, 14 percent

told the interviewer they had four or

more male sexual partners since January

1991 (table 28) while 18 percent

reported in Audio CASI that they had

had four or more partners in that time

(table 29).

This topic deserves more detailed

study, but it appears that using the more

private interview technique gave a

higher and presumably more complete

estimate of the number of partners

among unmarried women (8,11).

Marriage and Cohabitation

Tables 32–37 show 1995 data on

formal marriage and unmarried

cohabitation. About 38 percent of

women 15–44 years of age had never

been married when interviewed in 1995

(table 32). The percent never married

was higher in every age group in 1995

than it was in 1982 (24). About half of

women 25–39 years of age have had an

unmarried cohabitation with a man at

some time in their lives; 10 to

11 percent of women in their twenties

are currently cohabiting with a man

(table 33).

About 30 percent of women 25–39

years of age lived with a man

(cohabited) before their first marriage

(table 34). Over one-half (57 percent) of

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 5
all first cohabitations among women

15–44 resulted in marriage, about

one-third of the cohabitations dissolved,

and about 10 percent were still intact at

time of interview (table 35).

About 33 percent of all first

marriages dissolved within 5 years if the

woman married before age 18 compared

with only 14 percent of marriages in

which the woman married at age 23 or

older (table 36). This finding may in

part explain the lower percent of

marriages dissolved within 5 years

among college graduates, 13 percent

compared with 27 percent among those

with less than a high school diploma

(table 36). About 7 percent of American

women 15–44 years of age and

12 percent of women 40–44 years of age

have married or lived with three or

more men in their lives (table 37).

Contraceptive Use

Tables 38–48 show data for 1995 on

the use of contraceptive methods,

including methods ever used (table 38),

methods used at first intercourse

(tables 39–40), current contraceptive use

(tables 41–44), consistency of use

(tables 45–47), and use at last

intercourse (table 48).

Use at First Intercourse

The proportion using the condom at

first intercourse tripled between the

1970’s and the 1990’s: 18 percent of

those having their first intercourse

before 1980 used a condom at first

intercourse compared with 54 percent of

those having first intercourse in 1990–95

(table 39). The proportion who used any

method at first intercourse rose from

50 percent before 1980 to 76 percent for

those beginning intercourse in the

1990’s. The dramatic increase over time

in contraceptive use at first intercourse,

along with slight decreases in sexual

activity, could be partly responsible for

the leveling off and recent decline of the

birth rate for teenagers in the United

States (25,26).

The percent using a method is

notably higher for women having their

first intercourse in their twenties

(66 percent) than for teens under 16

years of age (51 percent). The condom

is popular for all ages but it is the

leading method used among women

having their first intercourse at younger

ages; the pill is the leading method

among women who first had intercourse

in their twenties (table 40).

As previous studies have shown for

the 1970’s and 1980’s, for teenage

women who had their first intercourse in

the 1990’s, the percent using a method

at first intercourse was highest for white

teenagers (83 percent), intermediate for

black teens (72 percent), and lowest for

Hispanic teens (53 percent) (lower panel

of table 40). These levels were higher

than the comparable proportions among

teens in 1980–83 (27,28).

Current Method Use

Three new contraceptive methods

were introduced during the period

1988–95: hormonal implants, hormonal

injectables, and female condoms. At the

time of the survey in 1995, these

methods were only used by small

proportions of women (table 41);

however, acceptability of these methods,

access, and legal issues will determine

whether their popularity increases in the

future. The data in table 41 establish a

baseline with which to monitor future

trends in use of these methods.

Hormonal implants were currently used

by 1 percent and hormonal injectables

by 2 percent in 1995. Most of the users

of these methods were under 30 years

of age.

The major methods used in 1995

were female sterilization (18 percent)

and the oral contraceptive pill

(17 percent), followed by the male

condom (13 percent) and male

sterilization (7 percent) (table 41). The

pill is the leading method among

women under 30 years of age. Among

women 30–44 years of age, female

sterilization is the leading method

(table 41). In 1995, 10.7 million women

were using female sterilization, 10.4

million were using the pill, 7.9 million

were using the condom, and 4.2 million

were using male sterilization. In 1982,

4 percent of never married women relied

on their partners to use condoms; in

1988, 8 percent; and in 1995,

14 percent, a more than threefold

increase since 1982 (table 42) (27).

Consistency of Use

Nearly 30 percent of women who

had intercourse in the 3 months before

interview and who used the pill as their

only method of contraception reported

that they missed a pill that they were

supposed to take at least once during a

cycle (in the 3 months before interview)

(table 45). Previous studies suggest that

the actual percentage of women who

missed taking one or more pills may

well be higher, because women tend to

recall or report their contraceptive use

as more consistent than it actually was

(29). About 13 percent missed two or

more pills in a cycle in the 3 months

prior to interview.

Of the 9.7 million women who

were using only coitus-dependent

contraceptive methods at some time in

the 3 months before interview (table 46),

almost 33 percent, or over 3 million,

used them inconsistently—that is, not at

every act of intercourse. An even higher

percentage of teenagers using these

methods reported using them

inconsistently (about 38 percent), but the

highest percentage of inconsistent use

was reported among women 20–24

years of age (almost 42 percent).

Among unmarried women 15–24

years of age who had intercourse in the

3 months before interview, 86 percent

used a method of contraception the last

time they had intercourse in the last 3

months. About one-third of them used

the pill, one-third used the condom, and

fewer than one-tenth used both the pill

and condom at last intercourse

(table 48).

Fecundity, Infertility, and

Sterilization Operations

Tables 49–56 of this report show

data on the physical ability to have

children—including fecundity status,

infertility, sterilization operations by

type, and use of medical care for

infertility.

Fecundity Status

Women who reported any sterilizing

operation, either their own or their

husband’s or cohabiting partner’s, were

classified according to whether the

operation was done for contraceptive or

Page 6 [ Series 23, No. 19
noncontraceptive reasons. Women who

reported no sterilizing operations at all

could be classified as having ‘‘impaired

fecundity’’ (that is, difficult or

impossible to get pregnant or carry a

baby to term) or as being ‘‘fecund’’ (that

is, no known physical barriers to having

children).

In 1995, 24 percent of women of

reproductive age were surgically sterile

for contraceptive reasons, 3 percent were

surgically sterile for noncontraceptive

reasons, 10 percent (6.1 million) had

impaired fecundity, and 63 percent were

fecund (physically able to bear children,

table 49). Table 49 also shows that, of

these 6.1 million with impaired

fecundity, 2.8 million had no children

compared with 2.2 million in 1988 and

1.9 million in 1982 (30). About 3.3

million had impaired fecundity and had

one or more children in 1995 compared

with 2.7 million in 1988 and 2.6 million

in 1982. Looking at childless women by

age, 1,026,000 women (25.7 percent of

3,991,000) were childless, were 35–44

years of age, and had impaired

fecundity. This is 406,000 (65 percent)

more than the 620,000 such women in

1988. Thus, most of the increase in the

number of childless women with

impaired fecundity was in the

35–44-year-old age group. From 1988 to

1995, the percent with impaired

fecundity increased 1.8 percentage

points, from 8.4 to 10.2 percent. This

finding needs further analysis, as the

change since 1988 may be an artifact of

the aging of the baby boom generation

(table B) or the 1.6 percentage point

drop in the percent surgically sterile for

noncontraceptive reasons (table 49).

Infertility Status

Table 51 shows currently married

women by infertility status. The

‘‘infertile’’ category uses the standard

medical definition of infertility; a

married couple is classified as

‘‘infertile’’ if they have not used

contraception and not become pregnant

for 12 months or more. About

7.1 percent of married couples, or 2.1

million, were infertile in 1995 compared

with 2.3 million in 1988 and 2.4 million

in 1982. In each of these years, about

1.0 million were childless and infertile.

Sterilization Operations

Table 52 shows the sterilization

operations that women or their husbands

or cohabiting partners have had:

18 percent of women have had a tubal

ligation, 5 percent have had a

hysterectomy, and 8 percent have

partners with a vasectomy. Nearly

two-thirds of women with three or more

births have had a sterilizing operation

(table 52).

As in the 1988 NSFG, 1995 data

indicate that white, black, and Hispanic

couples differ in their use of male and

female sterilization operations. Nearly

18 percent of non-Hispanic white

married women reported that their

husbands had a vasectomy compared

with only 4 percent of husbands of

married non-Hispanic black women

(table 53). Meanwhile, a higher

percentage of non-Hispanic black wives

had tubal ligations than white wives (37

versus 22 percent).

Table 54 shows the reasons women

gave for having sterilization operations.

Women could report more than one

reason for having the operation, so the

top panel’s percents add to more than

100 percent. In the bottom panel, the

percent distribution of main reasons is

shown by type of operation. Over two

thirds of tubal ligations (68 percent) and

76 percent of vasectomies were done

chiefly because the woman or her

husband/partner wanted no more

children. About 11 percent of

vasectomies were done chiefly because

of problems with other birth control

methods. The vast majority of women

with hysterectomies (93 percent) cited

medical problems compared with

18 percent of tubal ligations and

5 percent of vasectomies (table 54).

Infertility Services

The NSFG is one of the few

reliable sources of nationally

representative data on the use of

infertility services. Of the 60.2 million

women of reproductive age in 1995,

15 percent (9.3 million) had ever used

some kind of infertility service—

medical advice, tests, drugs, surgery, or

other treatments—compared with

12 percent (6.8 million) in 1988

(table 55) (30). Infertility services

include medical help to get pregnant and

services (beyond routine prenatal care)

to prevent miscarriage. Among childless

women 35–44, 21 percent had ever

received infertility services. The most

common infertility services were

medical advice, tests on the woman or

man, and ovulation drugs. Surgery or

treatment for blocked tubes and assisted

reproductive technologies were less

common.

About 2 percent of women of

reproductive age (about 1.2 million

women) had an infertility visit in the

past year and 13 percent had no visits in

the past year, although they had

received infertility services at some time

in their lives. Having recent infertility

services was most common among

married childless women—8 percent of

whom had an infertility visit in the last

year (table 56).

Breastfeeding, Maternity Leave,

and Child Care

Breastfeeding

About 55 percent of babies born in

1990–93 were breastfed (table 57). This

percentage is similar to the proportion

breastfed in 1982–87, as measured from

the 1988 NSFG (31). As in prior years,

breastfeeding was substantially more

common among white mothers,

college-educated mothers, older mothers,

mothers living in the West, and mothers

having intended births, than in the

opposite groups.

Maternity Leave

About 52 percent of mothers were

employed around the time of their most

recent birth, 37 percent took maternity

leave, and 15 percent took no maternity

leave (table 58). The proportion taking

maternity leave was highest among

mothers having their first births,

college-educated mothers, and mothers

over 30 years of age. About 44 percent

of women having their most recent child

in the 1990’s took maternity leave

compared with 22 percent before 1981

(table 58).

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 7
Child Care

Among working women with at

least one child under age 5, the most

commonly used types of child care were

the child’s grandparent or other relative

(32 percent), a nonrelative (31 percent),

and a day care center or preschool

(29 percent) (table 59). Another

14 percent used the child’s other parent

or stepparent. (Some mothers used more

than one type of child care.)

Among nonworking mothers with

children under 5 years of age,

20 percent used some type of regularly

scheduled child care for their youngest

child in the month before the interview

(table 60). The most common type was

a day care center or preschool

(8 percent). Among working women

whose youngest child was 5–12 years of

age, 20 percent of mothers of children

11–12 years of age allowed the child to

care for her/himself at least part of the

time while the mother was working. For

women with children at younger ages,

this proportion was 3 percent or less

(table 61). Only 15 percent of

nonworking women with children 5–12

years of age had a regularly scheduled

child care arrangement in the month

preceding the interview. The most

common arrangement was for the

child’s grandparent or other relative to

provide child care (table 62).

About one-half of working women

with children under age 13 reported

making child care payments. Working

women who were paying for child care

and had one child under age 5 paid an

average of $66 per week for child care

while those with two children, with their

youngest child under age 5, paid an

average of $90 per week (table 63).

Children 5–12 years of age are in school

for much of the workday, so working

women who paid for child care and

whose youngest child was 5–12 years of

age paid less—an average of $45 per

week for child care for one child and

$62 for the care of two children

(table 63). About one fifth of

nonworking women also used paid child

care arrangements: those who made

child care payments paid about $47 per

week (table 64).

Adoption, Stepchildren, and

Foster Children

About 11 percent of women 18–44

years of age (6.1 million) reported that

they have lived with and cared for a

child to whom they did not give birth

(table 65). About half of these were the

child of a relative, friend, or partner (3.1

million or 5.7 percent); and about

one-third (1.8 million or 3.3 percent)

were stepchildren. Only 1 percent have

lived with a foster child and 1 percent

with an adopted child (about 500,000

each, table 65).

About 1 percent of women 18–44

years of age (500,000) were currently

seeking to adopt a child at the time of

their interview in 1995. Only 0.2 percent

(100,000) had applied to an adoption

agency (table 66).

Health Insurance Coverage

For the 29.7 million married women

15–44 years of age in 1995, the leading

source of health insurance coverage was

her husband’s employer (47 percent)

followed by her own employer

(38 percent). About 9 percent were

covered by Medicaid, 3 percent by

CHAMPUS/CHAMPVA (military health

insurance), 5.5 percent paid for their

own insurance, and 9 percent (2.7

million) were not covered at all

(table 67). About one-half (51 percent)

of married women with family incomes

below poverty level were covered by

Medicaid and 27 percent were not

covered by any health insurance at all.

About 1 in 5 Hispanic women

(21 percent) were not covered by any

health insurance compared with

8 percent of non-Hispanic white women

(table 67).

Among unmarried women 15–44

years of age in 1995, the leading

source of health insurance coverage

was the woman’s own employer

(34 percent), followed by her parents

(25 percent) and Medicaid

(23 percent). About 14 percent

(4.3 million) were not covered at all.

Two-thirds (69 percent) of unmarried

women with incomes below poverty

were covered by Medicaid (table 68).

Payment for Delivery

One-third of women (34 percent)

relied on Medicaid, at least in part, to

pay for their most recent delivery in

1991–95 (table 69). About two-thirds of

unmarried mothers (68 percent) used

Medicaid, compared with only

20 percent of married mothers (table 69).

About 68 percent of teen mothers used

Medicaid to pay for delivery compared

with 17 percent of mothers 30–44.

Family Planning and Other

Medical Services

Tables 70–83 show data on a

number of aspects of use of family

planning services and other medical

services by women 15–44 years of age.

‘‘Family planning services’’ include

receiving—from a doctor, nurse, or

other medical care provider—a birth

control method or prescription for a

method, a checkup or medical test

related to using a birth control method,

counseling about birth control methods,

a sterilizing operation, or counseling

about getting sterilized. Tables 70–72

show the services, type of provider, and

demographic characteristics of women

15–24 years of age at their first visit for

family planning services.

Tables 73–82 show data on use of

family planning and other medical

services in the 12 months before the

survey. In 1982, the number of women

who had used family planning services

in the last 12 months was about 19.8

million, or 36.5 percent of all women

15–44 years of age. In 1988, that

number was 20.0 million, or

34.5 percent of women 15–44 years of

age. In 1995, 19.8 million women, or

32.9 percent, had used family planning

services in the last 12 months (table 73)

(16). The small decline in the percent

receiving family planning services in the

last 12 months—from 36.5 to

32.9 percent—may result from the aging

of the population 15–44 years of age.

The number of women 35–44 years of

age grew rapidly and they use family

planning services at lower rates than

younger women (table 73 and table B).

There has also been a modest rise in the

proportion surgically sterile between

Page 8 [ Series 23, No. 19
1982 and 1995, and surgically sterilized

women rarely use family planning

services after their operations. These

trends, along with the potential effects

of changes in question wording in 1995,

deserve further detailed study.

In the 12 months before the 1995

interview, 33 percent received birth

control/family planning services;

27 percent received a birth control

method, 15 percent birth control

counseling, and 22 percent a checkup or

test related to birth control (table 73).

About 62 percent of women

reported receiving a Pap smear and

61 percent received a pelvic exam in the

last 12 months. This is similar to

findings in 1988 (32). The percents

receiving other services were much

lower: 16 percent received a pregnancy

test, 17 percent an HIV test, 8 percent

other sexually transmitted disease (STD)

tests or treatment, and 21 percent a test

or treatment for an infection (table 74).

About 34 million women received

family planning or related reproductive

health services from private doctors or

health maintenance organizations

(HMO) in 1995. About 15 million

women, including some of the same

women, received these services from

other sources—for example, public

family planning clinics, other clinics,

and hospitals. Women who used these

other sources tended to have lower

incomes. For example, only 15 percent

of women 22–44 years of age who used

a private doctor or HMO had income

less than 150 percent of the poverty

level compared with 46 percent of those

who used public family planning

clinics—a threefold difference (table 80).

Cigarette Smoking

About 28 percent of women 15–44

years of age were current cigarette

smokers in 1995, and 14 percent were

former smokers (table 84). These

findings are similar to those from the

NHIS (31). The proportion who

currently smoke was nearly four times

as high among women with less than a

high school education (47 percent) as

among college graduates (12 percent)

(table 84). About 18 percent of pregnant

or postpartum women were currently

smoking in 1995. About 24 percent of

the 10 million users of oral

contraceptives were currently smoking,

and 10 percent were smoking 15 or

more cigarettes per day. Almost

18 percent of teenage women were

currently smoking in 1995 (table 84).

Human Immunodeficiency

Virus Testing and Related

Behavior

The human immunodeficiency virus

(HIV), the virus that causes acquired

immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS),

was the subject of several questions in

the 1995 NSFG. About 48 percent of

women 15–44 years of age have had an

HIV test at some time in their lives,

either as part of blood donation or

unrelated to it. Those most likely to

have ever been tested for HIV were

women 20–34 years of age

(54–60 percent) and those with an

education beyond high school

(55–56 percent) (table 85). Of the 11.4

million women tested for HIV in the 12

months before the 1995 survey, the

reason cited most often was to find out

if she was infected (40 percent);

23 percent were tested in connection

with prenatal care. Hospitalization or

surgery, applying for insurance, and

doctor’s referral were each cited by

7–8 percent of recently tested women

(table 86).

In the self-administered part of the

NSFG interview (Audio CASI),

28 percent of unmarried women reported

that their male partner(s) in the last 12

months ‘‘were having sex with other

women’’ around the same time. Women

with more partners in the last 12 months

were more likely to report that their

male partners(s) were also having

intercourse with other women—

15 percent of those with one partner

compared with 57 percent of those with

three or more partners (table 87).

Among unmarried women 15–44

years of age who have had intercourse

in the past year and who reported that

they have ever used condoms for

disease prevention at some time in their

lives, about one-third reported that their

partners in the past year used condoms

for disease prevention every time they

had intercourse, one-third said they used

condoms sometimes but not every time,

and one-third said not at all. Among

unmarried women with two or more

partners in the past year, 15 percent did

not use condoms at all in the past year

for disease prevention and 19 percent

used them less than half the time; some

of these women may have used

condoms solely for contraception.

Further research is needed on these data

to determine the extent to which

unprotected intercourse occurred and in

which groups of the population

(table 88, also see Definitions of Terms).

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

and Douching

Pelvic inflammatory disease, or

PID, is caused by a variety of infectious

agents. PID can cause recurrent pain,

ectopic pregnancy, and can lead to

infertility if left untreated or recurrent

(33). In 1995, 8 percent of women

reported that they had been treated for

PID at some time in their lives—

8 percent of Hispanic women, 7 percent

of Non-Hispanic white women, and

11 percent of black women. PID was

twice as common among women who

douche regularly (12 percent) compared

with women who do not douche

(6 percent). PID was also twice as

common among those with 10 or more

sexual partners in their lifetimes

(14 percent) as among women with 2–3

partners (7 percent) (table 89). These

findings are similar to those in the 1982

and 1988 NSFG, but it appears that the

prevalence of PID has declined, from

14 percent in 1982 to 11 percent in 1988

and 8 percent in 1995 (34).

Douching has been associated with

PID, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and

cervical cancer (35). In 1988, 37 percent

of women 15–44 years of age reported

that they were douching regularly. In

1995, this proportion had declined to

27 percent. However, douching was still

more common than average among

Hispanic women (34 percent), black

women (55 percent), women who did

not finish high school (53 percent), and

those who have had PID (41 percent).

Black college graduates were four times

as likely to douche regularly as white

college graduates (40 percent versus

9 percent) (table 90).

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 9
Sex Education

Results from the 1988 NSFG

suggested that ‘‘if contraceptive

education occurs in the same year that a

teenager becomes sexually active,’’ the

teenager is more likely to use the pill or

condom at first intercourse (36).

Table 91 shows that 62 percent of

women 18–44 years of age received

formal instruction on birth control

methods before they were 18. Among

women 18–19 years of age, about 9 out

of 10 had received instruction on birth

control methods, on safe sex to prevent

HIV, and on ‘‘how to say no to sex’’

(table 91).

References

1. Ventura SJ, Taffel SM, Mosher WD,

Wilson JB, Henshaw S. Trends in

pregnancies and pregnancy rates:

Estimates for the United States,

1980–92. Monthly vital statistics report;

vol 43 no 11, suppl. Hyattsville,

Maryland: National Center for Health

Statistics. 1995.

2. Wilcox LS, Marks JS, eds. From data to

action: CDC’s public health surveillance

for women, infants, and children. U.S.

Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention. Atlanta, Georgia. 1994.

3. Davis K, Blake J. Social structure and

fertility: An analytic framework. Economic

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at first intercourse. Fam Plann Perspect

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Series 23, No. 19[ Page 11
Table 1. Number of women 15–44 years of age, and mean number of children ever born, additional births expected, and total births

expected, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands

Children

ever born

Additional

births expected

Total births

expected

Mean

All women ............................. 60,201 1.242 0.973 2.214

Age at interview

15–19 years ........................... 8,961 0.094 2.147 2.240

20–24 years ........................... 9,041 0.546 1.771 2.316

25–29 years ........................... 9,693 1.082 1.262 2.344

30–34 years ........................... 11,065 1.590 0.670 2.260

35–39 years ........................... 11,211 1.859 0.256 2.115

40–44 years ........................... 10,230 1.961 0.077 2.038

Marital status

Never married .......................... 22,679 0.368 1.695 2.063

Ever married ........................... 37,522 1.770 0.536 2.306

Currently married ....................... 29,673 1.752 0.579 2.331

Formerly married ....................... 7,849 1.838 0.374 2.212

Fecundity status

Contraceptively sterile ..................... 14,565 2.463 0.001 2.464

Noncontraceptively sterile ................... 1,855 1.665 0.003 1.668

Impaired fecundity ........................ 6,156 1.009 0.934 1.943

Fecund .............................. 37,625 0.786 1.403 2.189

Education at interview1

No high school diploma or GED2 .............. 5,424 2.509 0.395 2.904

High school diploma or GED ................. 18,169 1.732 0.472 2.204

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ............ 12,399 1.299 0.813 2.112

Bachelor’s degree or higher .................. 11,748 0.977 1.003 1.980

Poverty level income at interview1

0–149 percent .......................... 10,072 2.190 0.559 2.749

0–99 percent ......................... 5,992 2.346 0.541 2.887

150–299 percent ........................ 14,932 1.639 0.644 2.283

300 percent or more ...................... 22,736 1.145 0.763 1.907

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 6,702 1.569 1.093 2.663

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 42,522 1.163 0.951 2.114

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 8,210 1.425 0.867 2.292

Non-Hispanic other ....................... 2,766 1.123 0.316 2.440

1Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

2GED is general equivalency diploma.

Page 12 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 2. Number of women 15–44 years of age by race and Hispanic origin, and mean number of children ever born, additional births

expected, and total births expected, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands

Children

ever born

Additional

births expected

Total births

expected

Non-Hispanic white Mean

All women ............................. 42,522 1.163 0.951 2.114

Age at interview:

15–19 years .......................... 5,962 0.056 2.153 2.209

20–24 years .......................... 6,062 0.423 1.851 2.274

25–29 years .......................... 6,694 0.940 1.310 2.250

30–34 years .......................... 7,870 1.457 0.668 2.124

35–39 years .......................... 8,242 1.761 0.227 1.989

40–44 years .......................... 7,691 1.855 0.065 1.921

Marital status:

Never married ......................... 14,271 0.150 1.813 1.963

Ever married .......................... 28,250 1.674 0.516 2.190

Fecundity status:

Contraceptively sterile .................... 10,505 2.303 0.001 2.304

Noncontraceptively sterile .................. 1,340 1.658 0.004 1.661

Impaired fecundity ...................... 4,237 0.911 0.867 1.777

Fecund ............................. 26,439 0.725 1.391 2.116

Non-Hispanic black

All women ............................. 8,210 1.425 0.867 2.292

Age at interview:

15–19 years .......................... 1,392 0.210 1.881 2.091

20–24 years .......................... 1,328 0.890 1.346 2.236

25–29 years .......................... 1,346 1.396 0.954 2.351

30–34 years .......................... 1,456 1.826 0.606 2.432

35–39 years .......................... 1,439 2.046 0.309 2.355

40–44 years .......................... 1,249 2.192 0.084 2.275

Marital status:

Never married ......................... 4,674 0.957 1.189 2.146

Ever married .......................... 3,536 2.042 0.443 2.485

Fecundity status:

Contraceptively sterile .................... 2,091 2.865 0.000 2.865

Noncontraceptively sterile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 1.604 0.000 1.604

Impaired fecundity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831 0.972 1.059 2.031

Fecund ............................. 4,986 0.885 1.251 2.136

0.000 Quantity more than zero but less than 0.0005.

NOTE: Data for Hispanic women and women of other race and origin groups are shown in table 1. These groups are not shown separately in this table.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 13
Table 3. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by number of pregnancies, according to selected characteristics:

United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands

Number of pregnancies1

Total None 1 2 3 4 or more

Percent distribution

All women ............................. 60,201 100.0 33.4 16.4 20.3 14.2 15.7

Age at interview

15–19 years ........................... 8,961 100.0 84.0 12.3 3.2 0.6 0.1

20–24 years ........................... 9,041 100.0 55.2 20.2 14.0 5.0 5.6

25–29 years ........................... 9,693 100.0 31.1 24.1 19.4 13.1 12.3

30–34 years ........................... 11,065 100.0 17.4 16.8 26.3 18.9 20.7

35–39 years ........................... 11,211 100.0 12.5 12.6 27.6 22.4 24.8

40–44 years ........................... 10,230 100.0 12.1 13.4 26.9 21.3 26.3

Family background

Both parents from birth2 .................... 37,233 100.0 33.4 15.6 21.2 14.8 14.9

Single parent from birth .................... 2,093 100.0 28.6 17.3 19.4 14.4 20.4

Both parents, then 1 parent .................. 8,003 100.0 37.7 18.6 16.6 12.3 14.7

Stepparent3 ............................ 8,378 100.0 33.0 18.0 19.7 12.7 16.5

Other ................................ 4,493 100.0 28.7 15.9 20.0 15.0 20.4

Residence at interview

Metropolitan, central city .................... 18,550 100.0 35.0 16.9 18.4 12.7 17.0

Metropolitan, suburban ..................... 29,303 100.0 33.2 16.3 20.4 15.1 14.9

Nonmetropolitan ......................... 12,347 100.0 31.5 15.9 22.5 14.2 15.7

Education at interview4

No high school diploma or GED5 .............. 5,424 100.0 3.2 10.7 22.8 23.3 40.0

High school diploma or GED ................. 18,169 100.0 13.9 17.6 27.4 20.2 21.0

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ............ 12,399 100.0 25.7 17.6 22.9 15.9 17.9

Bachelor’s degree or higher .................. 11,748 100.0 37.9 18.1 21.1 12.7 10.2

Poverty level income at interview4

0–149 percent .......................... 10,072 100.0 12.1 11.9 22.1 19.8 34.2

0–99 percent ......................... 5,992 100.0 10.6 11.4 21.0 20.4 36.6

150–299 percent ........................ 14,932 100.0 18.1 17.6 24.9 19.2 20.2

300 percent or higher ...................... 22,736 100.0 28.3 18.8 24.5 15.5 12.9

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 6,702 100.0 26.8 16.6 19.1 15.2 22.2

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 42,522 100.0 34.9 16.2 21.0 14.1 13.7

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 8,210 100.0 28.1 17.8 18.1 14.8 21.2

Non-Hispanic other ....................... 2,767 100.0 41.2 15.2 17.7 11.2 14.8

1Based on interviewer-administered portion of the survey. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

2Includes women who lived with either both biological or both adoptive parents until they left home.

3Parents separated or divorced, then custodial parent remarried. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

4Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

5GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Page 14 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 4. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by number of children ever born, according to selected

characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands

Number of children ever born

Total None 1 2 3 4 or more

Percent distribution

All women ............................. 60,201 100.0 41.9 17.8 23.0 11.6 5.7

Age at interview

15–19 years ........................... 8,961 100.0 91.6 7.6 0.5 0.2 –

20–24 years ........................... 9,041 100.0 65.3 20.2 10.2 3.6 0.8

25–29 years ........................... 9,693 100.0 43.5 23.2 20.2 9.0 4.1

30–34 years ........................... 11,065 100.0 26.4 21.0 30.4 15.1 7.1

35–39 years ........................... 11,211 100.0 19.6 16.8 35.5 19.0 9.1

40–44 years ........................... 10,230 100.0 17.5 17.0 35.2 19.0 11.2

Marital status

Never married .......................... 22,679 100.0 79.8 10.9 5.3 2.3 1.7

Currently married ........................ 29,673 100.0 19.2 21.5 35.1 17.0 7.3

Formerly married ........................ 7,849 100.0 18.7 23.6 28.9 17.7 11.1

Residence at interview

Metropolitan, central city .................... 18,550 100.0 44.7 18.2 20.0 11.0 6.0

Metropolitan, suburban ..................... 29,303 100.0 41.7 17.6 24.0 11.7 4.9

Nonmetropolitan ......................... 12,347 100.0 38.2 17.6 25.3 12.0 6.9

Education at interview1

No high school diploma or GED2 .............. 5,424 100.0 7.9 15.3 29.2 27.2 20.5

High school diploma or GED ................. 18,169 100.0 21.1 21.4 32.6 16.8 8.1

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ............ 12,399 100.0 35.6 21.0 27.6 11.4 4.5

Bachelor’s degree or higher .................. 11,748 100.0 49.1 17.6 22.9 8.1 2.4

Poverty level income at interview1

0–149 percent .......................... 10,072 100.0 15.7 15.6 29.6 21.4 17.7

0–99 percent ......................... 5,992 100.0 14.0 14.4 28.2 23.7 19.7

150–299 percent ........................ 14,932 100.0 24.6 21.5 30.4 16.1 7.4

300 percent or higher ...................... 22,736 100.0 40.5 20.2 26.8 1.0 2.3

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 6,702 100.0 34.8 17.9 20.3 16.3 10.7

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 42,522 100.0 43.5 17.2 24.2 10.9 4.1

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 8,210 100.0 37.3 20.7 20.5 12.3 9.2

Non-Hispanic other ....................... 2,767 100.0 48.4 17.2 19.5 8.3 6.7

– Quantity zero.

1Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

2GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 15
Table 5. Number of women 22–44 years of age and percent distribution by number of children ever born, according to marital status, race

and Hispanic origin, and education: United States, 1995

Marital status, race and

Hispanic origin, and education

Number in

thousands

Number of children ever born

Total None 1 2 3 4 or more

All women Percent distribution

Hispanic .............................. 5,127 100.0 20.4 19.6 25.1 21.0 14.0

No high school diploma or GED1 ............. 1,618 100.0 3.4 15.5 23.9 30.4 26.8

High school diploma or GED ................ 1,727 100.0 18.1 21.4 29.3 20.6 10.7

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ........... 1,173 100.0 34.3 23.3 23.4 12.5 6.5

Bachelor’s degree or higher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609 100.0 45.2 18.5 19.9 13.3 3.4

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 34,227 100.0 32.2 19.4 29.8 13.5 5.1

No high school diploma or GED .............. 2,556 100.0 8.6 16.9 34.6 27.3 12.6

High school diploma or GED ................ 13,240 100.0 21.8 21.1 34.1 16.2 6.8

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ........... 8,934 100.0 35.8 20.2 29.2 11.4 3.4

Bachelor’s degree or higher ................ 9,497 100.0 49.7 16.9 23.0 8.0 2.4

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 6,303 100.0 25.9 21.0 25.7 15.4 12.0

No high school diploma or GED .............. 1,074 100.0 13.5 10.5 25.5 22.2 27.2

High school diploma or GED ................ 2,570 100.0 18.1 23.7 28.6 17.1 12.5

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ........... 1,763 100.0 31.9 23.5 25.1 12.8 6.7

Bachelor’s degree or higher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897 100.0 51.5 20.8 19.0 6.4 2.3

Currently married women

Hispanic .............................. 2,983 100.0 10.4 20.7 28.2 25.0 15.7

No high school diploma or GED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932 100.0 1.1 15.2 22.5 31.1 30.1

High school diploma or GED ................ 1,032 100.0 10.5 19.3 32.9 25.8 11.4

Some college, no bachelor’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . 662 100.0 14.9 28.5 30.3 17.4 8.8

Bachelor’s degree or higher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 100.0 25.7 24.7 25.6 20.4 3.5

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 22,361 100.0 19.0 20.7 37.4 16.8 6.1

No high school diploma or GED .............. 1,603 100.0 6.5 14.9 33.8 33.5 11.3

High school diploma or GED ................ 9,215 100.0 14.1 19.9 39.8 18.5 7.8

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ........... 5,604 100.0 19.9 22.0 38.3 15.1 4.7

Bachelor’s degree or higher ................ 5,939 100.0 29.3 22.3 33.6 11.4 3.3

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 2,017 100.0 20.3 19.1 32.3 17.6 10.8

No high school diploma or GED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 100.0 17.4 13.5 26.1 20.8 22.3

High school diploma or GED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859 100.0 15.6 16.7 36.3 18.3 13.1

Some college, no bachelor’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . 619 100.0 22.0 23.6 27.5 18.4 8.5

Bachelor’s degree or higher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 100.0 30.6 20.1 34.3 12.6 2.4

1GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Page 16 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 6. Number of births estimated from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth, confidence interval for this estimate, number of births

based on vital records, and ratio, by year, race, and Hispanic origin: United States, 1991–94

Year, race, and Hispanic origin NSFG1,2

95% confidence

interval

Vital

records2,3

Ratio of NSFG/

vital records

Total ................................ 15,932 (14,935–16,929) 16,129 0.99

Year

1991 ................................ 4,030 (3,665–4,395) 4,111 0.98

1992 ................................ 4,160 (3,771–4,550) 4,065 1.02

1993 ................................ 3,909 (3,556–4,261) 4,000 0.98

1994 ................................ 3,833 (3,489–4,176) 3,953 0.97

Race

White ............................... 12,494 (11,614–13,374) 12,714 0.98

Black ................................ 2,494 (2,074–2,652) 2,652 0.89

Other ................................ 1,075 (862–1,288) 763 1.41

Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 2,489 (2,040–2,938) 2,585 0.96

Other ................................ 13,443 (12,629–14,257) 13,544 0.99

1NSFG is National Survey of Family Growth.

2Number of births is in thousands.

3Vital records refer to the certificates of live births filed for each child born in the United States.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 17
Table 7. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by total births expected, according to selected characteristics:

United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands

Total number of births expected

Total 0 1 2 3 4 or more

Percent distribution

All women ............................. 60,201 100.0 8.9 15.0 43.3 21.9 10.9

Age at interview

15–19 years ........................... 8,961 100.0 7.1 13.6 49.9 19.5 9.9

20–24 years ........................... 9,041 100.0 5.1 12.7 48.7 23.7 9.7

25–29 years ........................... 9,693 100.0 6.4 13.3 44.1 24.5 11.7

30–34 years ........................... 11,065 100.0 7.6 16.1 41.5 23.6 11.2

35–39 years ........................... 11,211 100.0 11.0 16.4 41.2 20.7 10.7

40–44 years ........................... 10,230 100.0 15.3 17.2 36.0 19.6 12.0

Marital status

Never married .......................... 22,679 100.0 12.8 16.4 43.4 18.7 8.8

Currently married ........................ 29,673 100.0 6.1 12.7 45.2 24.3 11.7

Formerly married ........................ 7,849 100.0 8.5 20.0 35.7 22.2 13.7

Parity

0 births .............................. 25,242 100.0 21.3 16.9 41.3 15.1 5.5

1 birth ............................... 10,706 100.0 . . . 44.7 39.1 12.3 3.9

2 births .............................. 13,875 100.0 . . . . . . 82.3 13.5 4.2

3 births .............................. 6,961 100.0 . . . . . . . . . 89.1 10.9

4 or more births ......................... 3,416 100.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0

Education at interview1

No high school diploma or GED2 .............. 5,424 100.0 4.0 8.8 29.3 30.1 27.8

High school diploma or GED ................. 18,169 100.0 7.8 17.3 41.3 22.0 11.5

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ............ 12,399 100.0 9.9 15.6 44.9 20.8 8.8

Bachelor’s degree or higher .................. 11,748 100.0 14.0 15.4 44.8 19.9 6.0

Poverty level income at interview1

0–149 percent .......................... 10,072 100.0 4.3 9.7 34.2 27.3 24.5

0–99 percent ......................... 5,992 100.0 3.8 8.8 36.5 28.3 27.6

150–299 percent ........................ 14,932 100.0 6.7 15.4 42.4 23.5 12.0

300 percent or more ...................... 22,736 100.0 13.5 17.9 44.7 18.9 5.0

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 6,702 100.0 3.7 11.2 35.7 29.5 20.0

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 42,522 100.0 10.1 15.2 45.0 21.3 8.5

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 8,210 100.0 7.5 17.7 40.6 19.9 14.2

Non-Hispanic other ....................... 2,767 100.0 7.1 13.2 43.5 20.0 16.3

. . . Category not applicable.

1Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

2GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Page 18 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 8. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by total births expected, according to race and Hispanic origin,

parity, and marital status: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands

Total number of births expected

Total 0 1 2 3 4 or more

Race and Hispanic origin and parity Percent distribution

Hispanic .............................. 6,702 100.0 3.7 11.2 35.7 29.5 20.0

0 births ............................. 2,331 100.0 10.6 16.1 43.8 20.5 9.0

1 birth .............................. 1,202 100.0 . . . 31.1 40.8 19.4 8.8

2 births ............................. 1,361 100.0 . . . . . . 64.8 26.1 9.1

3 births ............................. 1,094 100.0 . . . . . . . . . 83.0 17.0

4 births or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715 100.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 42,522 100.0 10.1 15.2 45.0 21.3 8.5

0 births ............................. 18,512 100.0 23.2 16.4 40.8 14.8 4.8

1 birth .............................. 7,331 100.0 . . . 46.9 37.9 11.9 3.2

2 births ............................. 10,293 100.0 . . . . . . 85.4 11.4 3.2

3 births ............................. 4,626 100.0 . . . . . . . . . 91.9 8.1

4 births or more ........................ 1,760 100.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 8,210 100.0 7.5 17.7 40.6 19.9 14.2

0 births ............................. 3,061 100.0 20.2 21.1 41.0 12.1 5.6

1 birth .............................. 1,698 100.0 . . . 47.7 41.9 8.0 2.4

2 births ............................. 1,683 100.0 . . . . . . 81.3 14.4 4.3

3 births ............................. 1,013 100.0 . . . . . . . . . 87.2 12.8

4 births or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 756 100.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0

Marital status and parity

Never married .......................... 22,679 100.0 12.8 16.4 43.4 18.7 8.8

0 births ............................. 18,088 100.0 16.0 15.5 44.1 17.5 6.9

1 birth .............................. 2,476 100.0 . . . 36.8 42.7 15.5 5.0

2 births ............................. 1,201 100.0 . . . . . . 67.4 22.8 9.8

3 births . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 100.0 . . . . . . . . . 77.2 22.8

4 births or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 100.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0

Currently married ........................ 29,673 100.0 6.1 12.7 45.2 24.3 11.7

0 births ............................. 5,685 100.0 31.7 20.1 36.2 9.7 2.3

1 birth .............................. 6,377 100.0 . . . 41.2 41.8 12.6 4.4

2 births ............................. 10,410 100.0 . . . . . . 83.3 12.7 4.0

3 births ............................. 5,046 100.0 . . . . . . . . . 90.0 10.0

4 births or more ........................ 2,155 100.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0

Formerly married ........................ 7,849 100.0 8.5 20.0 35.7 22.2 13.7

0 births ............................. 1,469 100.0 45.4 21.5 27.0 5.3 0.7

1 birth .............................. 1,852 100.0 . . . 67.5 24.9 6.8 0.8

2 births ............................. 2,265 100.0 . . . . . . 85.8 12.2 2.0

3 births ............................. 1,391 100.0 . . . . . . . . . 90.6 9.4

4 births or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871 100.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0

. . . Category not applicable.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 19
Table 9. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by total number of births expected, according to marital status,

parity, and fecundity status: United States, 1995

Marital status, parity, and fecundity status

Number in

thousands

Total number of births expected

Total 0 1 2 3 4 or more

Percent distribution

All women ............................. 60,201 100.0 8.9 15.0 43.3 21.9 10.9

No births ............................ 25,242 100.0 21.3 16.9 41.3 15.1 5.5

Contraceptively sterile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702 100.0 99.2 0.8 – – –

Noncontraceptively sterile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 100.0 100.0 – – – –

Impaired fecundity ..................... 2,789 100.0 30.8 28.9 28.6 8.6 3.1

Fecund ............................ 21,369 100.0 16.0 16.1 45.1 16.7 6.1

1 birth or more ........................ 34,958 100.0 . . . 13.7 44.7 26.9 14.8

Contraceptively sterile .................. 13,863 100.0 . . . 9.0 46.0 30.0 15.0

Noncontraceptively sterile ................ 1,473 100.0 . . . 30.7 39.5 19.9 9.9

Impaired fecundity ..................... 3,367 100.0 . . . 20.5 43.2 21.8 14.6

Fecund ............................ 16,256 100.0 . . . 14.7 44.3 25.9 15.1

Never married .......................... 22,679 100.0 12.8 16.4 43.4 18.7 8.8

No births ............................ 18,088 100.0 16.0 15.5 44.1 17.5 6.9

Contraceptively sterile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 100.0 100.0 – – – –

Noncontraceptively sterile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 100.0 100.0 – – – –

Impaired fecundity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,117 100.0 25.3 24.2 30.8 12.9 6.8

Fecund ............................ 16,784 100.0 14.4 15.1 45.5 18.1 7.0

1 birth or more ........................ 4,591 100.0 . . . 19.9 40.7 23.1 16.4

Contraceptively sterile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923 100.0 . . . 10.7 36.3 25.9 27.0

Noncontraceptively sterile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 100.0 . . . 12.8 60.9 22.9 3.4

Impaired fecundity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 100.0 . . . 26.4 36.2 22.9 14.5

Fecund ............................ 3,162 100.0 . . . 21.9 41.8 22.4 13.9

Currently married ........................ 29,673 100.0 6.1 12.7 45.2 24.3 11.7

No births ............................ 5,685 100.0 31.7 20.1 36.2 9.7 2.3

Contraceptively sterile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501 100.0 98.8 1.2 – – –

Noncontraceptively sterile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 100.0 100.0 – – – –

Impaired fecundity ..................... 1,411 100.0 35.1 31.9 26.3 5.9 0.8

Fecund ............................ 3,548 100.0 16.5 19.3 47.6 13.3 3.3

1 birth or more ........................ 23,988 100.0 . . . 11.0 47.3 27.8 14.0

Contraceptively sterile .................. 10,372 100.0 . . . 8.4 49.0 30.1 12.5

Noncontraceptively sterile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 983 100.0 . . . 30.9 38.5 21.4 9.3

Impaired fecundity ..................... 2,428 100.0 . . . 17.1 46.8 20.5 15.7

Fecund ............................ 10,205 100.0 . . . 10.2 46.5 27.8 15.6

Formerly married ........................ 7,849 100.0 8.5 20.0 35.7 22.2 13.7

No births ............................ 1,469 100.0 45.4 21.5 27.0 5.3 0.7

Contraceptively sterile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 100.0 100.0 – – – –

Noncontraceptively sterile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 100.0 100.0 – – – –

Impaired fecundity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 100.0 30.5 32.6 31.7 5.2 –

Fecund ............................ 1,037 100.0 40.1 22.3 30.3 6.2 1.0

1 birth or more ........................ 6,379 100.0 . . . 19.6 37.7 26.1 16.7

Contraceptively sterile .................. 2,568 100.0 . . . 10.9 37.1 31.3 20.8

Noncontraceptively sterile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 100.0 . . . 35.2 36.3 15.4 13.1

Impaired fecundity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536 100.0 . . . 31.7 32.0 26.7 9.6

Fecund ............................ 2,889 100.0 . . . 23.0 39.5 22.8 14.8

– Quantity zero.

. . . Category not applicable.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Page 20 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 10. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by total number of births expected, according to race and Hispanic

origin, parity, and fecundity status: United States, 1995

Race and Hispanic origin, parity, and fecundity status Number in thousands

Total number of births expected

Total 0 1 2 3 4 or more

Percent distribution

All women1 ............................ 60,201 100.0 8.9 15.0 43.3 21.9 10.9

Hispanic .............................. 6,702 100.0 3.7 11.2 35.7 29.5 20.0

No births ............................ 2,331 100.0 10.6 16.1 43.8 20.5 9.0

Contraceptively sterile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 100.0 100.0 – – – –

Noncontraceptively sterile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 100.0 100.0 – – – –

Impaired fecundity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 100.0 17.3 33.4 39.5 8.4 1.5

Fecund ............................ 2,048 100.0 8.0 14.4 45.2 22.4 10.0

1 birth or more ........................ 4,372 100.0 . . . 8.5 31.4 34.2 25.9

Contraceptively sterile .................. 1,517 100.0 . . . 7.0 28.9 37.1 27.0

Noncontraceptively sterile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 100.0 . . . 27.3 40.7 28.4 3.6

Impaired fecundity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485 100.0 . . . 8.0 32.1 27.6 32.3

Fecund ............................ 2,239 100.0 . . . 8.6 32.4 34.0 25.0

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 42,522 100.0 10.1 15.2 45.0 21.3 8.5

No births ............................ 18,513 100.0 23.2 16.4 40.8 14.8 4.8

Contraceptively sterile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600 100.0 99.0 1.0 – – –

Noncontraceptively sterile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 100.0 100.0 – – – –

Impaired fecundity ..................... 1,971 100.0 35.4 29.0 25.0 7.2 3.4

Fecund ............................ 15,678 100.0 17.5 15.7 45.0 16.6 5.3

1 birth or more ........................ 24,009 100.0 . . . 14.3 48.2 26.2 11.3

Contraceptively sterile .................. 9,906 100.0 . . . 10.1 50.1 29.3 10.6

Noncontraceptively sterile ................ 1,075 100.0 . . . 33.5 37.5 18.3 10.7

Impaired fecundity ..................... 2,266 100.0 . . . 22.2 48.3 20.7 8.9

Fecund ............................ 10,762 100.0 . . . 14.7 47.5 25.4 12.5

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 8,210 100.0 7.5 17.7 40.6 19.9 14.2

No births ............................ 3,061 100.0 20.2 21.1 41.0 12.1 5.6

Contraceptively sterile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 100.0 100.0 – – – –

Noncontraceptively sterile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 100.0 100.0 – – – –

Impaired fecundity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 100.0 22.0 26.7 34.0 13.8 3.6

Fecund ............................ 2,502 100.0 15.9 21.2 44.3 12.4 6.2

1 birth or more ........................ 5,149 100.0 . . . 15.7 40.4 24.5 19.4

Contraceptively sterile .................. 2,054 100.0 . . . 7.2 37.9 29.7 25.2

Noncontraceptively sterile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 100.0 . . . 24.2 39.4 24.2 12.2

Impaired fecundity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 100.0 . . . 21.2 36.5 24.9 17.4

Fecund ............................ 2,485 100.0 . . . 21.2 43.2 20.2 15.5

– Quantity zero.

. . . Category not applicable.

1Includes women of other race and origin groups not shown separately.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 21
Table 11: Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by timing of first birth in relation to first marriage, according to

selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands Total

Timing of first birth in relation to first marriage

Before

marriage1

0–7 months

after

8–47 months

after

48 or more

months after

No

births

Percent distribution

All women ............................. 60,201 100.0 15.9 8.0 24.7 9.4 41.9

Never married .......................... 22,679 100.0 20.2 . . . . . . . . . 79.8

Ever married1 .......................... 37,521 100.0 13.3 12.9 39.6 15.1 19.1

Age at first marriage:

Under 18 years ....................... 4,533 100.0 7.7 32.9 45.3 8.2 5.8

18–19 years ........................ 8,687 100.0 10.2 17.0 45.7 16.2 10.9

20–22 years ........................ 11,034 100.0 12.4 9.8 40.7 19.3 17.8

23 years or older ...................... 13,267 100.0 17.9 5.9 32.8 13.4 30.0

Year of first marriage:

1990–95 ........................... 8,240 100.0 21.6 8.8 23.9 1.3 44.4

1985–89 ........................... 7,753 100.0 15.3 11.4 41.4 14.4 17.5

1980–84 ........................... 7,747 100.0 11.4 13.5 42.3 20.3 12.5

Before 1980 ......................... 13,782 100.0 8.3 15.7 46.5 21.0 8.5

Year of first birth

1990–95 .............................. 8,469 100.0 31.0 9.6 37.3 22.2 . . .

1985–89 .............................. 8,243 100.0 29.0 10.3 40.7 20.0 . . .

1980–84 .............................. 7,489 100.0 24.6 14.4 42.0 19.0 . . .

Before 1980 ........................... 10,757 100.0 25.3 19.5 48.4 6.8 . . .

Family background

Both parents from birth2 .................... 37,233 100.0 11.5 8.0 28.0 11.8 40.7

Single parent from birth .................... 2,093 100.0 42.2 6.2 10.2 2.9 38.5

Both parents, then 1 parent .................. 8,003 100.0 20.6 5.9 19.6 5.4 48.4

Stepparent3 ............................ 8,378 100.0 19.3 10.7 20.4 5.9 43.7

Other ................................ 4,493 100.0 25.6 8.0 21.2 6.4 38.7

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 6,702 100.0 21.6 9.2 30.5 3.9 34.8

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 42,522 100.0 9.7 8.4 26.5 11.9 43.5

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 8,210 100.0 44.7 6.0 9.7 2.3 37.3

Non-Hispanic other ....................... 2,767 100.0 11.6 5.9 27.3 6.8 48.4

. . . Category not applicable.

1 The ‘‘Before marriage’’ category includes both premarital and nonmarital births because some women were never married. The exception is in the panels for ‘‘ever married’’ women, in which the

‘‘Before marriage’’ category includes only premarital births.

2Includes women who lived with either both biological or both adoptive parents until they left home.

3Parents separated or divorced, then custodial parent remarried. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Page 22 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 12. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent who ever had an unintended birth, by selected characteristics:

United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands

Percent who ever

had an unintended birth1

All women ..................................................... 60,201 28.4

Age at interview

15–19 years ................................................... 8,961 6.1

20–24 years ................................................... 9,041 22.5

25–29 years ................................................... 9,693 28.5

30–44 years ................................................... 32,506 36.1

Marital status

Never married .................................................. 22,679 14.2

Currently married ................................................ 29,673 34.2

Formerly married ................................................ 7,849 47.0

Parity

1 birth ....................................................... 10,706 33.8

2 births ...................................................... 13,875 44.0

3 or more births ................................................. 10,377 70.8

Poverty level income at interview2

0–149 percent .................................................. 10,072 53.5

0–99 percent ................................................. 5,992 57.0

150–299 percent ................................................ 14,932 37.5

300 percent or more .............................................. 22,736 21.6

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic ...................................................... 6,702 34.2

Non-Hispanic white ............................................... 42,522 25.0

Non-Hispanic black ............................................... 8,210 42.3

Non-Hispanic other ............................................... 2,767 24.4

1Based on ‘‘traditional’’ version (comparable to Cycle 4 and previous cycles) of wantedness status. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

2Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 23
Table 13. Number of women 15–44 years of age who ever had an unintended birth and percent distribution by whether her first unintended

birth was mistimed or unwanted, according to selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands Total

First birth unintended1

Mistimed Unwanted

Percent

All women .................................... 17,077 100.0 80.4 19.6

Age at birth

Under 20 years ................................ 7,666 100.0 83.4 16.6

20–24 years .................................. 5,674 100.0 84.7 15.3

25–29 years .................................. 2,440 100.0 73.6 26.4

30–44 years .................................. 1,292 100.0 56.8 43.2

Marital status at birth

Never married ................................. 6,668 100.0 78.4 21.6

Married ..................................... 9,759 100.0 82.6 17.4

Formerly married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650 100.0 67.5 32.5

Marital status at conception

Never married ................................. 10,051 100.0 82.1 17.9

Married ..................................... 6,442 100.0 78.9 21.1

Formerly married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584 100.0 68.1 31.9

Birth order

First birth .................................... 12,540 100.0 84.9 15.1

Second birth .................................. 2,926 100.0 77.5 22.5

Third or higher birth .............................. 1,611 100.0 51.1 48.9

Poverty level income at interview2

0–149 percent ................................. 5,386 100.0 75.5 24.5

0–99 percent ................................ 3,417 100.0 73.2 26.8

150–299 percent ............................... 5,606 100.0 80.9 19.1

300 percent or more ............................. 4,912 100.0 84.3 15.7

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic ..................................... 2,293 100.0 74.8 25.2

Non-Hispanic white .............................. 10,641 100.0 84.4 15.6

Non-Hispanic black .............................. 3,469 100.0 72.9 27.1

Non-Hispanic other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674 100.0 74.8 25.2

1Based on ‘‘traditional’’ version (comparable to Cycle 4 and previous cycles) of wantedness status. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

2Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

NOTES: If the woman had more than 1 unintended birth, she is classified by whether the first unintended birth was mistimed or unwanted. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’ The woman’s characteristics

pertain to her first unintended birth. Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Page 24 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 14. Number of births in the 5 years before interview to women 15–44 years of age at interview and percent distribution by wantedness

status at conception, according to selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands

Wantedness status

Total

New version1 Old version1

Intended Mistimed Unwanted Intended Mistimed Unwanted

Percent distribution

All births2 ............................. 19,573 100.0 69.0 21.6 9.1 69.0 20.7 10.1

Age at birth

Under 20 years ......................... 2,315 100.0 34.3 54.5 10.6 34.3 52.6 12.6

20–24 years ........................... 5,125 100.0 61.1 30.9 7.7 61.1 29.2 9.4

25–29 years ........................... 5,835 100.0 77.8 13.3 8.9 77.8 13.1 9.1

30–44 years ........................... 6,297 100.0 80.1 9.7 9.8 80.1 9.0 10.6

Marital status at birth

Never married .......................... 4,481 100.0 41.7 42.9 14.9 41.6 41.3 16.6

Married .............................. 13,998 100.0 78.5 14.8 6.5 78.5 14.0 7.3

Formerly married ........................ 1,093 100.0 60.1 21.8 18.1 60.0 20.9 19.1

Marital status at conception

Never married .......................... 5,598 100.0 43.6 42.8 13.1 43.5 41.5 14.5

Married .............................. 12,794 100.0 80.9 12.4 6.5 80.9 11.6 7.3

Formerly married ........................ 1,181 100.0 61.1 21.2 17.7 61.0 20.3 18.7

Birth order

First birth ............................. 7,983 100.0 68.7 27.0 4.0 68.7 26.3 4.8

Second birth ........................... 6,589 100.0 76.2 17.5 6.2 76.2 16.4 7.2

Third or higher birth ....................... 5,001 100.0 60.1 18.5 21.0 60.0 17.3 22.2

Poverty level income at time of interview3

0–149 percent .......................... 5,859 100.0 62.0 22.3 15.5 61.9 20.9 17.0

0–99 percent ......................... 3,885 100.0 59.4 22.7 17.6 59.3 21.7 18.7

150–299 percent ........................ 5,355 100.0 71.9 20.6 7.3 71.9 20.1 7.7

300 percent or more ...................... 6,403 100.0 83.9 11.7 4.3 83.9 11.1 4.9

Race and Hispanic origin and age at birth

Hispanic .............................. 2,994 100.0 69.7 19.9 10.4 69.6 17.5 12.8

Under 20 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 100.0 53.8 37.1 9.0 53.8 35.6 10.5

20–29 years .......................... 1,701 100.0 72.4 18.6 9.1 72.4 16.1 11.5

30–44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844 100.0 72.7 13.3 14.0 72.6 10.6 16.8

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 12,883 100.0 73.1 20.0 6.7 73.1 19.7 7.0

Under 20 years ........................ 1,105 100.0 33.3 59.5 7.2 33.3 57.8 8.9

20–29 years .......................... 7,258 100.0 73.2 21.1 5.7 73.2 21.0 5.8

30–44 years .......................... 4,519 100.0 82.8 8.8 8.1 82.8 8.4 8.4

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 2,800 100.0 48.7 31.3 19.1 48.5 29.4 21.1

Under 20 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661 100.0 23.4 57.2 17.4 23.4 54.2 20.4

20–29 years .......................... 1,601 100.0 51.8 27.9 19.6 51.7 25.8 21.8

30–44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538 100.0 70.2 9.4 19.6 69.9 9.4 20.0

1See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’ New=Cycle 5 version of wantedness status and Old=‘‘traditional’’ version, comparable to Cycle 4 and previous cycles.

2Includes births to women of other race and origin groups not shown separately.

3Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

NOTE: Percents do not add to 100 because births with wantedness status reported as ‘‘don’t know’’ are not shown separately. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 25
Table 15. Number of births in the 5 years before interview to women 22–44 years of age at interview and percent distribution by wantedness

status, according to education and race and Hispanic origin: United States, 1995

Education and race and

Hispanic origin

Number

in

thousands

Wantedness status1

Total Intended Mistimed Unwanted

Percent distribution

All births2 .................................... 17,576 100.0 72.9 17.1 9.8

Education at interview

No high school diploma or GED3 ..................... 2,729 100.0 62.6 19.8 17.5

High school diploma or GED ........................ 7,070 100.0 70.2 18.4 10.9

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ................... 4,187 100.0 76.0 17.1 6.9

Bachelor’s degree or higher ......................... 3,591 100.0 82.6 12.4 5.0

Race and Hispanic origin and education at interview

Hispanic ..................................... 2,615 100.0 72.0 15.1 12.9

No high school diploma or GED ..................... 1,004 100.0 70.6 15.8 13.6

High school diploma or GED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850 100.0 68.9 16.1 15.0

Some college, no bachelor’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514 100.0 75.3 15.2 9.5

Bachelor’s degree or higher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 100.0 81.6 8.7 9.7

Non-Hispanic white .............................. 11,946 100.0 76.3 16.7 6.9

No high school diploma or GED ..................... 1,148 100.0 64.7 21.9 13.4

High school diploma or GED ....................... 4,952 100.0 72.9 18.7 8.0

Some college, no bachelor’s degree .................. 2,978 100.0 79.0 15.2 5.9

Bachelor’s degree or higher ....................... 2,868 100.0 83.9 12.7 3.4

Non-Hispanic black .............................. 2,217 100.0 55.3 22.7 21.4

No high school diploma or GED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 100.0 43.6 22.3 33.7

High school diploma or GED ....................... 1,033 100.0 56.1 21.0 22.2

Some college, no bachelor’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529 100.0 61.2 25.9 12.2

Bachelor’s degree or higher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 100.0 64.6 24.3 11.0

1Based on ‘‘traditional’’ version (comparable to Cycle 4 and previous cycles) of wantedness status. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

2Includes births to women of other race and origin groups not shown separately.

3GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTES: Percents do not add to 100 because births with wantedness status reported as ‘‘don’t know’’ are not shown separately. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

Page 26 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 16. Number of pregnancies in 1991–95 to women 15–44 years of age at interview, percent distribution by value on the scale of how

happy she was to be pregnant, and mean scale value, according to selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands

Scale value1

Total 1–3 4–5 6–7 8–10 Mean scale value

Percent distribution

All pregnancies2 ......................... 25,666 100.0 18.8 11.6 8.0 61.6 7.3

Wantedness status at conception3

Intended .............................. 15,666 100.0 2.0 4.1 5.4 88.5 9.2

Mistimed ............................. 6,281 100.0 32.8 25.3 15.5 26.4 5.2

Unwanted ............................. 3,622 100.0 67.3 20.2 5.5 7.1 2.9

Age at outcome and wantedness

15–19 years ........................... 2,952 100.0 32.7 22.2 8.8 36.3 5.6

Intended . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758 100.0 1.7 6.6 8.4 83.3 9.0

Mistimed ............................ 1,692 100.0 36.5 29.3 10.4 23.8 4.8

Unwanted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492 100.0 68.0 21.2 3.4 7.5 2.9

20–29 years ........................... 12,668 100.0 19.2 10.8 8.7 61.4 7.3

Intended ............................ 7,786 100.0 2.1 3.5 6.7 87.7 9.2

Mistimed ............................ 3,253 100.0 34.1 24.8 15.6 25.5 5.1

Unwanted ........................... 7,584 100.0 72.8 17.4 4.2 5.6 2.6

30–44 years ........................... 7,652 100.0 14.5 10.0 6.1 69.4 7.8

Intended ............................ 5,541 100.0 2.1 4.7 3.6 89.7 9.2

Mistimed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773 100.0 26.9 24.1 21.1 27.9 5.5

Unwanted ........................... 1,309 100.0 60.3 23.7 7.1 8.9 3.2

Marital status at outcome and wantedness

Married .............................. 15,012 100.0 10.6 7.8 6.8 74.8 8.3

Intended ............................ 11,327 100.0 1.7 2.8 4.4 91.2 9.4

Mistimed ............................ 2,170 100.0 24.5 22.4 18.7 34.5 5.9

Unwanted ........................... 1,480 100.0 58.9 25.0 6.7 9.4 3.3

Unmarried ............................. 8,332 100.0 35.4 19.5 9.9 35.2 5.4

Intended ............................ 2,769 100.0 3.7 9.9 10.6 75.8 8.5

Mistimed ............................ 3,584 100.0 39.7 28.0 12.5 19.8 4.6

Unwanted ........................... 1,930 100.0 73.6 17.0 4.0 5.4 2.5

Race and Hispanic origin and wantedness

Hispanic .............................. 3,924 100.0 18.3 11.4 7.1 63.2 7.4

Intended ............................ 2,333 100.0 2.6 5.2 4.4 87.9 9.2

Mistimed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 856 100.0 28.6 17.9 12.8 40.7 5.9

Unwanted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732 100.0 56.5 23.5 9.0 11.1 3.6

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 16,626 100.0 15.2 10.3 7.5 67.0 7.7

Intended ............................ 10,982 100.0 1.6 3.0 4.6 90.8 9.4

Mistimed ............................ 3,898 100.0 31.6 26.0 16.5 25.9 5.2

Unwanted ........................... 1,683 100.0 66.1 21.6 5.1 7.2 3.0

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 3,944 100.0 32.8 19.0 10.9 37.4 5.6

Intended ............................ 1,602 100.0 3.8 11.0 12.3 72.9 8.5

Mistimed ............................ 1,278 100.0 35.2 30.3 14.1 20.4 4.8

Unwanted ........................... 1,032 100.0 75.7 17.1 3.9 3.3 2.3

1Based on women’s response to a 1–10 scale, with 1 being ‘‘very unhappy to be pregnant,’’ and 10 being ‘‘very happy to be pregnant.’’

2Includes pregnancies with wantedness status reported as ‘‘don’t know’’ and pregnancies to women of other race and origin groups not shown separately.

3Based on ‘‘traditional’’ version (comparable to Cycle 4 and previous cycles) of wantedness status. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 27
Table 17. Number of births in the 5 years before interview to women 15–44 years of age at interview and percent distribution by couple

agreement on the intendedness of the birth, according to selected characteristics of the mother: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

of

births Total

Disagreed Agreed

Father’s

intent

unknown

Mother

unintended

Father

unintended

Both

intended

Both

unintended

Percent distribution1

All births2 ............................. 19,522 100.0 8.8 8.2 59.2 19.2 4.6

Age at birth

Under 20 years ......................... 2,302 100.0 14.3 6.5 25.7 42.8 10.6

20–24 years ........................... 5,108 100.0 11.3 9.8 50.1 24.7 4.1

25–29 years ........................... 5,835 100.0 7.1 7.8 68.3 13.5 3.3

30–44 years ........................... 6,277 100.0 6.3 7.9 70.4 11.4 4.0

Marital status at birth

Never married .......................... 4,461 100.0 13.4 11.0 28.0 37.9 9.7

Married .............................. 13,968 100.0 6.8 6.9 70.4 13.0 2.9

Formerly married ........................ 1,093 100.0 15.6 13.5 42.5 22.4 6.0

Birth order

First birth ............................. 7,964 100.0 6.4 7.8 59.6 21.1 5.1

Second birth ........................... 6,582 100.0 8.1 8.6 66.1 14.1 3.2

Third or higher birth ....................... 4,975 100.0 13.4 8.4 49.4 23.0 5.8

Education at interview3

No high shool diploma or GED4 ............... 2,756 100.0 14.0 10.5 48.2 19.8 7.5

High school diploma or GED ................. 7,051 100.0 9.3 9.4 59.5 17.1 4.7

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ............ 4,183 100.0 6.0 7.0 67.6 16.7 2.8

Bachelor’s degree or higher .................. 3,591 100.0 4.0 6.7 75.1 12.5 1.7

Race and Hispanic origin and age at birth

Hispanic .............................. 2,994 100.0 10.8 10.0 57.5 17.0 4.7

Under 20 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 100.0 13.2 9.1 40.3 29.4 8.1

20–29 years .......................... 1,701 100.0 9.2 9.6 61.6 15.6 4.1

30–44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844 100.0 12.8 11.3 58.5 13.3 4.1

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 12,860 100.0 6.5 8.4 63.3 18.0 3.8

Under 20 years ........................ 1,105 100.0 10.9 8.0 23.4 48.2 9.5

20–29 years .......................... 7,253 100.0 7.1 9.2 62.6 18.1 3.0

30–44 years .......................... 4,503 100.0 4.6 7.2 74.2 10.4 3.6

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 2,773 100.0 17.3 6.4 39.7 28.2 8.4

Under 20 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648 100.0 19.8 1.9 20.3 44.0 14.0

20–29 years .......................... 1,590 100.0 18.8 6.7 42.2 25.9 6.3

30–44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535 100.0 9.9 10.8 55.5 16.0 7.8

1Based on ‘‘traditional’’ version (comparable to Cycle 4 and previous cycles) of wantedness status. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

2Includes births to women of other race and origin groups not shown separately.

3Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

4GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Page 28 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 18. Percent distribution by age at first menstrual period among women 15–44 years of age and mean age at first menstrual period,

according to age and race and Hispanic origin: United States, 1995

Age and race and

Hispanic origin Total

Age in years

Under

10 10 11 12 13 14

15 and

over

Mean

age1

Percent distribution

All races2

15–44 years ......................... 100.0 2.8 4.5 13.8 27.2 27.9 12.6 11.1 12.6

15–19 years ........................ 100.0 2.4 5.1 17.5 30.9 27.9 12.3 4.0 12.3

20–24 years ........................ 100.0 3.6 4.2 13.9 28.9 27.0 11.3 11.1 12.6

25–29 years ........................ 100.0 2.5 3.9 13.2 26.7 27.5 13.7 12.5 12.7

30–34 years ........................ 100.0 3.1 4.3 11.9 26.2 27.5 14.2 12.9 12.7

35–39 years ........................ 100.0 3.0 4.6 13.9 26.3 28.9 11.1 12.1 12.6

40–44 years ........................ 100.0 2.3 5.1 13.3 25.1 28.5 12.9 12.9 12.7

Hispanic

15–44 years ......................... 100.0 4.2 6.3 16.5 28.6 21.8 12.6 10.0 12.4

15–19 years ........................ 100.0 4.0 7.8 15.4 32.8 27.9 9.8 2.4 12.1

20–24 years ........................ 100.0 5.0 7.3 20.0 30.9 18.6 7.9 10.3 12.2

25–29 years ........................ 100.0 4.6 3.4 16.3 28.8 23.8 9.6 13.5 12.5

30–34 years ........................ 100.0 4.8 4.8 11.7 27.2 20.8 18.0 12.7 12.6

35–39 years ........................ 100.0 3.5 7.6 18.5 27.9 19.5 11.4 11.5 12.4

40–44 years ........................ 100.0 2.9 7.8 18.0 22.6 19.6 20.1 11.7 12.5

Non-Hispanic white

15–44 years ......................... 100.0 2.5 3.8 13.2 27.3 29.7 12.9 10.6 12.7

15–19 years ........................ 100.0 2.0 3.0 16.1 31.3 29.8 13.0 4.8 12.4

20–24 years ........................ 100.0 2.8 3.3 12.7 28.6 29.7 12.3 10.6 12.6

25–29 years ........................ 100.0 2.3 3.6 11.8 28.2 28.2 14.3 11.6 12.7

30–34 years ........................ 100.0 2.6 4.3 12.1 25.4 29.8 13.9 11.8 12.7

35–39 years ........................ 100.0 3.0 3.9 13.7 26.2 30.4 11.5 11.2 12.6

40–44 years ........................ 100.0 1.8 4.6 13.1 25.7 30.3 12.4 12.1 12.7

Non-Hispanic black

15–44 years ......................... 100.0 3.9 6.4 15.5 26.0 24.6 10.2 13.5 12.5

15–19 years ........................ 100.0 3.0 10.2 23.7 27.9 21.2 11.3 2.7 12.0

20–24 years ........................ 100.0 5.8 4.0 15.1 28.9 25.0 9.5 11.8 12.5

25–29 years ........................ 100.0 2.2 6.5 16.9 22.1 24.5 11.5 16.4 12.7

30–34 years ........................ 100.0 4.8 4.7 11.3 26.1 23.0 13.0 17.2 12.8

35–39 years ........................ 100.0 3.2 6.5 13.1 25.2 28.0 7.5 16.6 12.7

40–44 years ........................ 100.0 4.4 6.7 13.0 25.6 26.3 7.9 16.0 12.6

1Mean ages based only on women who have reached menarche.

2Includes women of other race and origin groups not shown separately.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 29
Table 19. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent who have ever had sexual intercourse after menarche for all women and

never-married women, by age at interview and by age and race and Hispanic origin for teenagers: United States, 1995

Age and race and Hispanic origin

All women Never-married women

Number in

thousands Percent

Number in

thousands Percent

All women1 ........................................ 60,201 89.3 22,679 71.5

Age at interview

15 years .......................................... 1,690 22.1 1,674 21.4

16 years .......................................... 1,874 38.0 1,874 38.0

17 years .......................................... 1,889 51.1 1,831 49.6

18 years .......................................... 1,771 65.4 1,641 62.7

19 years .......................................... 1,737 75.5 1,542 72.4

15–19 years ....................................... 8,961 50.4 8,562 48.1

15–17 years ...................................... 5,452 37.6 5,379 36.8

18–19 years ...................................... 3,508 70.4 3,183 67.4

20–24 years ....................................... 9,041 88.6 5,939 82.6

25–29 years ....................................... 9,693 95.9 3,456 88.6

30–44 years ....................................... 32,506 98.2 4,722 87.4

Age at interview and race and Hispanic origin

15–19 years:

Hispanic ........................................ 1,150 55.0 1,078 52.0

Non-Hispanic white .................................. 5,962 49.5 5,693 47.1

Non-Hispanic black .................................. 1,392 59.5 1,351 58.3

15–17 years:

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688 50.0 673 48.8

Non-Hispanic white .................................. 3,534 34.9 3,485 33.9

Non-Hispanic black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853 48.2 853 48.2

18–19 years:

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462 62.5 405 57.2

Non-Hispanic white .................................. 2,428 70.7 2,208 67.8

Non-Hispanic black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538 77.4 498 75.5

1Includes women of other race and origin groups not shown separately.

Page 30 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 20. Number of women 20–44 years of age and cumulative percent who have ever had sexual intercourse after menarche and before

reaching selected ages: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands

Exact age in years Mean age

at first

intercourse1 15 18 20

All women ......................................... 51,240 9.2 52.3 75.0 17.8

Age at interview

20–24 years ....................................... 9,041 13.6 62.2 80.2 16.6

25–29 years ....................................... 9,693 10.9 54.9 75.0 17.5

30–34 years ....................................... 11,065 10.1 53.1 75.8 17.8

35–39 years ....................................... 11,211 7.6 52.2 75.2 18.0

40–44 years ....................................... 10,230 4.6 40.6 69.2 18.6

Family background

Both parents from birth2 ................................ 32,825 6.4 45.6 70.3 18.2

Single parent from birth ................................ 1,548 18.4 66.2 84.9 16.6

Both parents, then 1 parent .............................. 6,469 11.5 60.6 79.4 17.3

Stepparent3 ........................................ 6,655 15.2 70.4 88.1 16.6

Other ............................................ 3,743 15.6 59.8 81.5 17.1

Education at interview4

No high school diploma or GED5 .......................... 5,424 20.4 73.0 87.1 16.5

High school diploma or GED ............................. 18,169 11.2 59.8 83.1 17.3

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ........................ 12,399 7.0 49.5 73.6 17.9

Bachelor’s degree or higher .............................. 11,748 2.2 31.7 56.6 19.3

Mother’s education

0–11 years ........................................ 15,798 11.5 55.3 77.1 17.6

12 years .......................................... 21,813 9.1 54.0 77.5 17.6

13–15 years ....................................... 6,866 7.2 47.8 70.1 18.1

16 years or more .................................... 6,456 5.1 43.0 65.7 18.3

No mother figure identified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 31.8 81.5 90.9 15.9

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .......................................... 5,553 7.6 42.2 66.7 18.4

Non-Hispanic white ................................... 36,560 8.3 52.8 76.0 17.7

Non-Hispanic black ................................... 6,818 16.1 65.9 85.6 16.8

Non-Hispanic other ................................... 2,309 8.1 28.4 48.1 20.0

1Mean ages are based only on women who ever had intercourse after menarche.

2Includes women who lived with either both biological or both adoptive parents until they left home.

3Parents separated or divorced, then custodial parent remarried. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

4Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

5GED is general equivalency diploma.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 31
Table 21. Number of women 15–44 years of age who have ever had sexual intercourse and percent whose first intercourse was not

voluntary, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands

Percent whose

first intercourse

was not voluntary1

All women2 ........................................ 53,793 7.8

Age at first intercourse

Under 16 years ..................................... 13,944 16.1

Under 15 years .................................... 7,290 22.1

16 years .......................................... 8,750 6.5

17 years .......................................... 8,754 4.9

18 years .......................................... 6,941 5.1

19 years .......................................... 4,759 5.0

20 years and over .................................... 10,646 3.3

Year of first intercourse

1990–95 .......................................... 8,978 6.3

1985–89 .......................................... 9,988 6.4

1980–84 .......................................... 10,451 7.1

1975–79 .......................................... 11,005 8.4

1958–74 .......................................... 13,372 9.8

Race and Hispanic origin and age at first intercourse

Hispanic .......................................... 5,907 9.4

Under 16 years .................................... 1,456 18.1

16–19 years ...................................... 2,894 7.4

20 years and over .................................. 1,558 5.0

Non-Hispanic white ................................... 38,212 7.0

Under 16 years .................................... 9,219 15.3

16–19 years ...................................... 21,628 5.0

20 years and over .................................. 7,364 2.6

Non-Hispanic black ................................... 7,484 9.1

Under 16 years .................................... 2,835 15.0

16–19 years ...................................... 3,852 5.5

20 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796 5.1

Family background

Both parents from birth3 ................................ 33,232 6.4

Single parent from birth ................................ 1,850 13.0

Both parents, then 1 parent .............................. 7,083 7.5

Stepparent4 ........................................ 7,529 9.8

Other ............................................ 4,098 13.2

1Includes first intercourse reported as ‘‘rape’’ or ‘‘not voluntary.’’

2Includes women of other race and origin groups not shown separately.

3Includes women who lived with either both biological or both adoptive parents until they left home.

4Parents separated or divorced, then custodial parent remarried. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

Page 32 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 22. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent ever forced to have sexual intercourse, by age at first forced intercourse and

selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands

Ever

forced1

Age at first forced intercourse1

Under 15 15–17 18–19 20 and over

Percent

All women ............................. 60,201 20.4 5.8 6.0 2.9 5.3

Age at interview

15–19 years ........................... 8,961 12.5 6.4 5.2 0.6 . . .

20–24 years ........................... 9,041 20.6 7.1 7.5 3.4 2.4

25–29 years ........................... 9,693 20.4 6.2 5.5 2.9 5.3

30–34 years ........................... 11,065 23.0 6.0 6.3 3.5 6.9

35–39 years ........................... 11,211 23.7 5.6 6.8 3.6 7.1

40–44 years ........................... 10,230 21.0 3.8 4.5 3.4 8.8

Marital status

Never married .......................... 22,679 17.8 6.1 5.0 2.7 3.7

Currently married ........................ 29,673 18.8 4.8 5.6 2.8 5.2

Formerly married ........................ 7,849 34.5 9.0 10.3 4.3 10.1

Family background

Both parents from birth2 .................... 37,233 17.4 3.8 5.0 3.0 5.3

Single parent from birth .................... 2,093 26.6 11.8 7.1 2.3 4.2

Both parents, then 1 parent .................. 8,003 19.7 5.8 7.2 1.9 4.3

Stepparent3 ............................ 8,378 27.3 10.3 7.3 3.3 5.8

Other ................................ 4,493 31.1 11.1 9.0 4.3 6.6

Education at interview4

No high school diploma or GED5 .............. 5,424 30.4 12.0 10.0 2.7 5.0

High school diploma or GED ................. 18,169 22.1 6.3 6.8 2.9 5.7

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ............ 12,399 24.5 5.0 6.2 4.4 8.5

Bachelor’s degree or higher .................. 11,748 15.9 2.3 3.1 3.0 7.1

Poverty level income at interview4

0–149 percent .......................... 10,072 29.3 9.9 8.2 3.8 6.7

0–99 percent ......................... 5,992 29.2 9.7 8.0 4.3 6.7

150–299 percent ........................ 14,932 23.2 6.2 6.3 3.7 6.6

300 percent or higher ...................... 22,736 18.3 3.4 5.0 2.8 6.7

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 6,702 18.7 5.3 6.1 2.5 4.1

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 42,522 19.8 5.2 5.8 3.0 5.3

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 8,210 25.7 8.8 7.3 2.9 6.4

Non-Hispanic other ....................... 2,767 19.4 6.9 4.1 3.5 4.5

. . . Category not applicable.

1 ‘‘Ever forced’’ means that the woman either responded ‘‘yes’’ to the question asking if she had ever been forced to have intercourse ( in the self-administered portion of the interview), or reported her

first intercourse as ‘‘rape’’ or ‘‘not voluntary’’ (in the interviewer-administered portion). ‘‘Age at first forced intercourse’’ is based on the self-administered questionnaire unless the only forced intercourse

was her first intercourse. For these cases, information is from the interviewer-administered questionnaire.

2 Includes women who lived with either both biological or both adoptive parents until they left home.

3 Parents separated or divorced, then custodial parent remarried. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

4 Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

5 GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to total who were ‘‘ever forced’’ because the total includes respondents with missing information on ‘‘age at first forced intercourse.’’

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 33
Table 23. Number of women 15–44 years of age who have ever had voluntary sexual intercourse and percent distribution by age of first

voluntary partner, according to age at first intercourse and race and Hispanic origin: United States, 1995

Age at first intercourse and race

and Hispanic origin

Number in

thousands Total

Age of first voluntary partner in years

Under 16 16–17 18–19 20–22 23–24 25 and over

Percent distribution

All women1 ............................... 53,614 100.0 5.8 23.4 26.3 22.3 8.4 13.9

Age at first intercourse

Under 16 years ............................ 12,757 100.0 22.0 43.8 21.2 7.1 2.1 4.0

16 years ................................. 8,840 100.0 2.4 41.8 34.5 13.9 3.7 3.7

17 years ................................. 8,984 100.0 0.6 27.7 41.6 19.2 5.3 5.6

18 years ................................. 7,215 100.0 0.5 7.7 36.7 33.3 9.7 9.1

19 years ................................. 4,868 100.0 – 2.0 24.1 45.9 11.4 16.7

20–22 years .............................. 7,298 100.0 0.0 0.6 7.2 43.2 19.5 29.5

23–24 years .............................. 1,835 100.0 – 0.5 1.8 15.6 29.3 52.8

25 years and over ........................... 1,817 100.0 – 0.9 0.5 2.9 11.5 84.2

Race and Hispanic origin and

age at first intercourse

Hispanic ................................. 5,887 100.0 4.7 17.9 21.1 25.8 10.3 20.3

Under 16 years ........................... 1,305 100.0 17.3 37.3 22.3 14.1 2.9 6.1

16–19 years ............................. 2,960 100.0 1.4 18.3 28.4 30.0 9.4 12.6

20 years and over ......................... 1,622 100.0 – 1.0 6.7 27.8 18.2 46.2

Non-Hispanic white .......................... 38,110 100.0 5.3 24.0 27.2 22.8 8.6 12.2

Under 16 years ........................... 8,411 100.0 21.2 45.9 20.8 6.6 2.0 3.5

16–19 years ............................. 22,166 100.0 1.1 23.5 37.1 24.7 6.9 6.7

20 years and over ......................... 7,534 100.0 – 0.7 5.4 35.3 20.7 38.1

Non-Hispanic black .......................... 7,462 100.0 9.7 27.5 28.9 18.2 5.4 10.3

Under 16 years ........................... 2,684 100.0 26.0 41.1 21.6 5.7 1.7 4.0

16–19 years ............................. 3,946 100.0 0.5 23.8 39.1 24.2 5.2 7.2

20 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832 100.0 0.2 0.3 3.9 31.0 18.7 46.0

– Quantity zero.

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than 0.05.

1Includes women of other race and origin groups not shown separately.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Page 34 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 24. Number of women 15–44 years of age who have ever had voluntary sexual intercourse and percent distribution by type of

relationship with partner at first voluntary intercourse, according to selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands Total

Just

met

Just

friends

Went out

once in

a while

Going

steady Engaged Married Other1

Percent distribution

All women ............................. 53,614 100.0 2.5 9.4 8.3 61.0 6.2 12.2 0.4

Age at interview

15–19 years ........................... 4,506 100.0 2.8 10.5 9.7 72.7 2.8 1.5 0.1

20–24 years ........................... 7,956 100.0 3.5 10.2 8.3 69.4 2.9 5.4 0.4

25–29 years ........................... 9,269 100.0 2.5 10.0 8.5 63.8 5.1 9.9 0.3

30–34 years ........................... 10,766 100.0 1.9 9.3 9.4 61.9 6.5 10.5 0.5

35–39 years ........................... 11,047 100.0 2.9 9.4 8.2 56.4 7.5 15.2 0.5

40–44 years ........................... 10,071 100.0 1.6 8.1 6.6 50.8 9.4 23.0 0.7

Family background

Both parents from birth2 .................... 33,137 100.0 2.3 8.2 8.0 59.3 6.8 15.1 0.4

Single parent from birth .................... 1,843 100.0 2.8 14.0 8.5 62.9 4.9 6.0 0.9

Both parents, then 1 parent .................. 7,072 100.0 2.7 11.1 8.1 63.5 6.2 8.0 0.5

Stepparent3 ............................ 7,504 100.0 3.1 10.0 9.4 67.1 4.3 5.6 0.6

Other ................................ 4,058 100.0 2.1 13.6 9.6 58.9 4.8 10.6 0.6

Age at first intercourse

Under 16 years ......................... 12,757 100.0 3.2 15.1 8.6 68.4 2.0 1.9 0.8

16 years .............................. 8,840 100.0 2.0 9.5 8.1 71.6 4.3 4.2 0.4

17 years .............................. 8,984 100.0 2.2 8.1 7.6 70.5 6.7 4.4 0.5

18 years .............................. 7,215 100.0 1.8 7.3 9.3 61.3 7.0 13.0 0.3

19 years .............................. 4,868 100.0 3.6 5.4 9.5 52.5 10.3 18.4 0.4

20 years and over ........................ 10,950 100.0 2.1 7.0 7.7 39.6 9.7 33.7 0.2

Mother’s education

0–11 years ............................ 16,321 100.0 2.1 10.2 9.1 53.0 7.8 17.3 0.5

12 years .............................. 22,874 100.0 2.5 9.3 7.4 64.1 6.2 10.2 0.4

13–15 years ........................... 7,422 100.0 2.6 8.4 8.6 64.3 5.6 10.2 0.3

16 years or more ........................ 6,627 100.0 2.8 8.9 9.4 66.7 2.8 9.0 0.5

No mother figure identified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 100.0 6.8 14.9 7.9 58.1 4.1 5.5 2.7

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 5,887 100.0 2.0 8.0 7.1 49.2 7.9 25.2 0.6

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 7,462 100.0 2.6 8.3 8.6 62.9 6.4 10.8 0.5

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 38,110 100.0 1.9 16.2 8.7 65.8 3.6 3.5 0.3

Non-Hispanic other ....................... 2,154 100.0 3.8 9.3 6.2 43.1 5.8 31.5 0.3

1Other includes living together, family member, and other relationship types not shown separately.

2Includes women who lived with either both biological or both adoptive parents until they left home.

3Parents separated or divorced, then custodial parent remarried. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 35
Table 25. Number of ever-married women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by timing of first sexual intercourse after menarche in

relation to first marriage, according to selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands Total

First

intercourse

after or

same month

as marriage

Months from first intercourse to marriage

Less than

12 months

12–35

months

36–59

months

60 months

or more

Percent distribution

All women .................................. 37,521 100.0 17.8 11.5 20.6 17.6 32.5

Age at interview

15–19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 100.0 17.3 11.6 29.9 36.1 5.1

20–24 years ................................ 3,102 100.0 13.6 8.0 25.5 25.9 27.0

25–29 years ................................ 6,237 100.0 15.7 7.9 18.3 18.8 39.3

30–34 years ................................ 8,846 100.0 13.5 9.6 18.1 18.7 40.2

35–39 years ................................ 9,694 100.0 17.7 12.3 21.0 16.3 32.8

40–44 years ................................ 9,244 100.0 25.0 16.1 22.2 13.6 23.2

Year of first marriage

1990–95 ................................... 8,240 100.0 11.0 3.8 11.6 17.5 56.1

1985–89 ................................... 7,753 100.0 13.0 6.5 16.8 17.9 45.8

1980–84 ................................... 7,747 100.0 16.4 10.2 19.1 20.3 33.9

1975–79 ................................... 7,031 100.0 21.2 14.1 27.7 19.3 17.6

1965–74 ................................... 6,751 100.0 29.6 25.4 30.4 12.5 2.1

Family background

Both parents from birth1 ......................... 25,000 100.0 20.3 11.7 20.7 16.8 30.6

Single parent from birth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859 100.0 15.8 11.1 18.1 19.5 35.5

Both parents, then 1 parent ....................... 4,227 100.0 13.7 10.5 19.6 17.8 38.4

Stepparent2 ................................. 4,878 100.0 8.9 11.4 21.5 22.0 36.3

Other ..................................... 2,557 100.0 17.5 11.9 20.8 16.5 33.4

Mother’s education

0–11 years ................................. 12,250 100.0 24.6 15.9 20.3 14.4 24.8

12 years ................................... 16,497 100.0 14.0 10.0 22.8 19.9 33.3

13–15 years ................................ 4,607 100.0 16.5 9.5 19.3 16.6 38.1

16 years or more ............................. 3,930 100.0 14.5 6.8 14.7 19.3 44.7

No mother figure identified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 100.0 9.3 4.8 13.1 15.7 57.1

Poverty level income at interview3

0–149 percent ............................... 6,788 100.0 21.7 14.6 21.0 16.1 26.6

0–99 percent .............................. 3,832 100.0 21.9 13.7 21.6 16.0 26.9

150–299 percent ............................. 11,473 100.0 19.8 12.6 22.4 19.4 25.9

300 percent or higher ........................... 18,102 100.0 15.2 9.8 18.7 16.0 40.4

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,116 100.0 37.7 14.9 15.3 11.1 20.9

Non-Hispanic white ............................ 28,250 100.0 14.6 11.4 22.2 19.0 32.8

Non-Hispanic black ............................ 3,536 100.0 8.1 9.3 17.4 18.1 47.2

Non-Hispanic other ............................ 1,619 100.0 44.4 9.8 13.8 8.2 23.8

1Includes women who lived with either both biological or both adoptive parents until they left home.

2Parents separated or divorced, then custodial parent remarried. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

3Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Page 36 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 26. Number of unmarried women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by number of male sexual partners in the

12 months prior to the interview, according to selected characteristics, based on responses from interviewer-administered questionnaire:

United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands Total

Number of partners in last 12 months

0 1 2 3 4 or more

Percent distribution

All women ............................. 30,528 100.0 34.5 47.0 11.2 4.1 3.3

Age at interview

15–19 years ........................... 8,619 100.0 55.8 28.6 8.2 3.7 3.7

20–24 years ........................... 6,578 100.0 23.1 52.3 14.9 5.2 4.6

25–29 years ........................... 4,604 100.0 20.4 58.0 13.7 4.9 2.9

30–34 years ........................... 3,912 100.0 24.0 55.8 12.7 4.6 2.9

35–39 years ........................... 3,603 100.0 30.6 52.0 11.5 3.3 2.7

40–44 years ........................... 3,212 100.0 37.9 53.4 5.4 2.0 1.2

Marital status

Never married .......................... 22,679 100.0 39.4 43.7 10.0 3.8 3.2

Formerly married ........................ 7,849 100.0 20.3 56.7 14.5 4.9 3.7

Age at first intercourse

Under 16 years ......................... 8,213 100.0 10.6 57.6 17.4 7.3 7.1

16 years .............................. 4,137 100.0 12.3 64.7 14.9 4.8 3.6

17 years .............................. 3,982 100.0 14.0 65.1 13.5 4.2 3.3

18 years .............................. 2,880 100.0 18.0 60.7 13.8 5.1 2.4

19 years .............................. 1,669 100.0 25.5 58.8 10.0 4.0 1.7

20 years and over ........................ 3,246 100.0 37.7 51.0 8.0 2.0 1.3

Education at interview1

No high school diploma or GED2 .............. 2,617 100.0 19.2 63.6 10.6 3.6 3.1

High school diploma or GED ................. 6,635 100.0 21.1 58.0 12.5 5.1 3.2

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ............ 5,236 100.0 28.6 51.8 13.3 3.6 2.7

Bachelor’s degree or higher .................. 4,586 100.0 33.5 49.9 11.1 3.4 2.2

Poverty level income at interview1

0–149 percent .......................... 6,190 100.0 22.3 56.0 14.0 5.2 2.6

0–99 percent ......................... 4,038 100.0 21.4 57.5 12.9 5.3 2.9

150–299 percent ........................ 6,033 100.0 27.2 53.0 12.1 4.7 3.0

300 percent or higher ...................... 6,851 100.0 28.0 56.3 10.4 2.6 2.8

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 3,524 100.0 41.2 45.7 6.9 2.5 3.6

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 19,445 100.0 35.1 46.5 11.1 3.9 3.4

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 6,141 100.0 23.7 52.5 14.7 6.0 3.1

Non-Hispanic other ....................... 1,418 100.0 56.1 32.6 7.0 2.4 1.9

1Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

2GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 37
Table 27. Number of unmarried women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by number of male sexual partners in the 12 months

prior to interview, according to selected characteristics, based on responses from self-administered questionnaire: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands Total

Number of partners in last 12 months

0 1 2 3 4 or more

Percent distribution

All women ............................. 30,528 100.0 31.4 40.6 14.0 5.4 8.6

Age at interview

15–19 years ........................... 8,619 100.0 50.8 25.9 10.8 5.1 7.4

20–24 years ........................... 6,578 100.0 20.7 44.0 17.4 6.7 11.2

25–29 years ........................... 4,604 100.0 17.3 50.0 18.3 5.4 9.0

30–34 years ........................... 3,912 100.0 22.1 48.4 14.8 6.0 8.7

35–39 years ........................... 3,603 100.0 28.0 44.8 13.7 5.2 8.3

40–44 years ........................... 3,212 100.0 36.6 45.9 8.4 3.4 5.7

Marital status

Never married .......................... 22,679 100.0 36.1 37.7 13.2 4.9 8.2

Formerly married ........................ 7,849 100.0 17.9 49.1 16.3 7.1 9.6

Age at first intercourse

Under 16 years ......................... 8,213 100.0 8.9 46.5 17.3 9.7 17.5

16 years .............................. 4,137 100.0 11.7 54.9 18.5 5.6 9.3

17 years .............................. 3,982 100.0 12.4 53.0 19.9 5.3 9.4

18 years .............................. 2,880 100.0 13.8 52.5 17.8 8.2 7.7

19 years .............................. 1,669 100.0 22.0 54.6 13.8 5.3 4.3

20 years and over ........................ 3,246 100.0 33.4 47.3 13.3 2.7 3.3

Education at interview1

No high school diploma or GED2 .............. 2,617 100.0 16.1 50.1 13.6 5.0 15.2

High school diploma or GED ................. 6,635 100.0 18.5 50.4 15.2 6.1 9.8

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ............ 5,236 100.0 26.7 43.6 16.4 5.9 7.3

Bachelor’s degree or higher .................. 4,586 100.0 31.8 45.0 13.6 4.4 5.3

Poverty level income at interview1

0–149 percent .......................... 6,190 100.0 18.1 45.9 16.1 6.8 13.1

0–99 percent ......................... 4,038 100.0 17.1 46.9 14.7 6.1 15.2

150–299 percent ........................ 6,033 100.0 25.6 44.9 15.9 6.0 7.7

300 percent or higher ...................... 6,851 100.0 26.9 50.4 12.9 3.8 5.9

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 3,524 100.0 35.7 40.6 11.3 5.6 6.8

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 19,445 100.0 32.8 41.0 14.0 4.7 7.5

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 6,141 100.0 20.7 41.1 16.7 8.4 13.1

Non-Hispanic other ....................... 1,418 100.0 48.1 33.7 8.9 1.9 7.5

1Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

2GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Page 38 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 28. Number of unmarried women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by number of male sexual partners since January 1991,

according to selected characteristics, based on responses from interviewer-administered questionnaire: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands Total

Number of partners since January 1991

0 1 2 3 4 or more

Percent distribution

All women ............................. 30,528 100.0 26.5 30.8 18.1 10.9 13.7

Age at interview

15–19 years ........................... 8,619 100.0 52.3 19.5 10.3 7.6 10.3

20–24 years ........................... 6,578 100.0 17.9 26.0 18.3 15.3 22.6

25–29 years ........................... 4,604 100.0 12.6 31.8 25.8 13.3 16.5

30–34 years ........................... 3,912 100.0 12.7 39.3 23.7 11.1 13.2

35–39 years ........................... 3,603 100.0 16.2 42.3 22.0 10.3 9.3

40–44 years ........................... 3,212 100.0 23.4 47.0 16.3 7.5 5.8

Marital status

Never married .......................... 22,679 100.0 32.9 27.8 15.0 10.4 13.9

Formerly married ........................ 7,849 100.0 8.1 39.6 27.1 12.3 12.9

Age at first intercourse

Under 16 years ......................... 8,213 100.0 3.9 32.3 22.4 16.1 25.4

16 years .............................. 4,137 100.0 4.1 40.3 24.0 15.4 16.2

17 years .............................. 3,982 100.0 5.6 38.7 27.8 13.6 14.3

18 years .............................. 2,880 100.0 6.7 42.3 25.0 12.7 13.3

19 years .............................. 1,669 100.0 10.8 43.6 20.7 15.7 9.2

20 years and over ........................ 3,246 100.0 17.9 49.9 16.4 6.1 9.7

Education at interview1

No high school diploma or GED2 .............. 2,617 100.0 7.7 54.4 18.9 9.3 9.7

High school diploma or GED ................. 6,635 100.0 12.1 39.0 24.7 11.5 12.7

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ............ 5,236 100.0 17.8 32.7 21.4 13.2 15.0

Bachelor’s degree or higher .................. 4,586 100.0 22.4 28.5 20.2 12.0 17.0

Poverty level income at interview1

0–149 percent .......................... 6,190 100.0 11.6 40.3 24.6 11.4 12.2

0–99 percent ......................... 4,038 100.0 11.1 43.2 22.3 11.4 12.0

150–299 percent ........................ 6,033 100.0 16.3 36.3 20.8 11.9 14.7

300 percent or higher ...................... 6,851 100.0 18.5 34.2 20.5 12.0 14.8

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 3,524 100.0 30.3 39.9 14.0 6.9 8.9

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 19,445 100.0 27.2 27.6 18.4 11.6 15.2

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 6,141 100.0 17.3 37.0 20.8 12.3 12.6

Non-Hispanic other ....................... 1,418 100.0 48.2 26.3 12.9 4.7 8.0

1Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

2GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 39
Table 29. Number of unmarried women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by number of male sexual partners since January 1991,

according to selected characteristics, based on responses from self-administered questionnaire: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands Total

Number of partners since January 1991

0 1 2 3 4 or more

Percent distribution

All women ............................. 30,528 100.0 26.1 27.5 17.2 10.8 18.4

Age at interview

15–19 years ........................... 8,619 100.0 50.0 19.5 9.5 7.9 13.1

20–24 years ........................... 6,578 100.0 16.7 23.6 16.9 13.6 29.3

25–29 years ........................... 4,604 100.0 12.3 27.7 24.5 13.2 22.4

30–34 years ........................... 3,912 100.0 14.1 35.1 21.0 11.4 18.5

35–39 years ........................... 3,603 100.0 16.9 36.0 23.3 10.3 13.5

40–44 years ........................... 3,212 100.0 25.5 38.9 16.5 9.0 10.1

Marital status

Never married .......................... 22,679 100.0 31.9 25.3 14.3 10.0 18.5

Formerly married ........................ 7,849 100.0 9.4 34.0 25.4 13.0 18.2

Age at first intercourse

Under 16 years ......................... 8,213 100.0 5.4 27.3 20.9 14.1 32.2

16 years .............................. 4,137 100.0 5.0 33.4 21.0 17.8 22.8

17 years .............................. 3,982 100.0 6.1 33.9 24.2 15.1 20.7

18 years .............................. 2,880 100.0 8.7 34.9 25.0 12.5 19.0

19 years .............................. 1,669 100.0 11.0 40.9 20.2 13.8 14.0

20 years and over ........................ 3,246 100.0 18.1 45.6 18.4 6.0 11.9

Education at interview1

No high school diploma or GED2 .............. 2,617 100.0 9.5 43.6 19.1 10.0 17.9

High school diploma or GED ................. 6,635 100.0 14.0 32.7 23.9 10.8 18.6

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ............ 5,236 100.0 17.5 29.1 19.5 14.9 19.0

Bachelor’s degree or higher .................. 4,586 100.0 21.5 27.1 19.2 11.4 20.9

Poverty level income at interview1

0–149 percent .......................... 6,190 100.0 12.4 34.3 21.0 12.4 19.9

0–99 percent ......................... 4,038 100.0 11.9 35.3 20.8 11.1 20.9

150–299 percent ........................ 6,033 100.0 16.5 29.7 22.0 12.2 19.6

300 percent or higher ...................... 6,851 100.0 19.1 31.6 19.9 11.4 18.1

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 3,524 100.0 30.0 34.5 16.2 7.0 12.4

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 19,445 100.0 27.1 25.4 17.0 11.3 19.2

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 6,141 100.0 17.0 30.7 18.6 12.9 20.8

Non-Hispanic other ....................... 1,418 100.0 43.3 25.7 15.1 3.9 12.0

1Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

2GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Page 40 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 30. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by number of male sexual partners in lifetime, according to

selected characteristics, based on responses from interviewer-administered questionnaire: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands Total

Number of partners in lifetime

01 1 2 3 4 5 6–9

10 or

more

Percent distribution

All women ...................... 60,201 100.0 11.2 24.6 12.6 10.3 8.9 8.1 11.7 12.7

Age at interview

15–19 years .................... 8,961 100.0 49.9 18.3 11.1 7.3 3.5 2.7 4.8 2.6

20–24 years .................... 9,041 100.0 12.3 23.2 13.7 12.5 8.8 7.7 11.5 10.5

25–29 years .................... 9,693 100.0 4.5 23.6 14.0 10.4 10.4 9.7 13.7 13.7

30–34 years .................... 11,065 100.0 2.8 24.2 12.6 10.2 11.6 10.2 13.1 15.4

35–39 years .................... 11,211 100.0 1.6 25.8 11.6 10.5 9.2 9.5 13.9 18.0

40–44 years .................... 10,230 100.0 1.6 31.5 12.7 10.7 8.9 8.2 12.0 14.4

Marital status at interview

Married ....................... 29,673 100.0 . . . 36.9 14.2 10.1 9.3 8.1 10.6 10.9

Unmarried ...................... 30,528 100.0 22.0 12.6 11.0 10.5 8.5 8.2 12.7 14.5

Never married .................. 22,679 100.0 29.4 13.7 11.3 10.0 7.5 6.8 10.5 10.8

Formerly married ................ 7,849 100.0 0.1 9.5 10.1 11.9 11.5 12.2 19.2 25.5

Age at first intercourse

Under 16 years .................. 13,944 100.0 . . . 11.6 12.1 11.3 9.7 10.7 19.1 24.6

16 years ....................... 8,750 100.0 . . . 20.1 13.7 13.7 10.9 10.8 15.0 15.7

17 years ....................... 8,754 100.0 . . . 19.8 14.5 13.0 13.5 11.2 13.4 14.5

18 years ....................... 6,941 100.0 . . . 28.0 14.4 11.8 11.4 9.1 12.4 12.9

19 years ....................... 4,759 100.0 . . . 39.2 14.8 11.6 8.4 8.6 9.4 7.6

20 years and over ................. 10,653 100.0 . . . 55.3 16.1 8.8 6.4 4.2 5.4 3.3

Education at interview2

No high school diploma or GED3 ....... 5,424 100.0 0.6 28.3 15.3 12.7 8.2 9.5 13.1 12.4

High school diploma or GED .......... 18,169 100.0 2.1 25.8 13.6 11.6 10.2 9.0 13.3 14.4

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ..... 12,399 100.0 4.9 24.2 10.5 9.7 10.9 10.6 13.0 16.3

Bachelor’s degree or higher ........... 11,748 100.0 4.9 26.6 12.2 9.4 9.6 7.8 13.3 16.2

Poverty level income at interview2

0–149 percent ................... 10,072 100.0 3.6 22.9 14.0 11.9 10.6 9.7 12.6 14.6

0–99 percent .................. 5,992 100.0 3.7 22.8 14.1 11.7 11.1 10.5 11.9 14.3

150–299 percent ................. 14,932 100.0 3.7 28.4 13.4 10.1 9.8 8.6 11.6 14.4

300 percent or higher ............... 22,736 100.0 3.1 25.5 11.6 10.5 9.8 9.3 14.5 15.8

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic ....................... 6,702 100.0 12.3 39.2 16.0 9.4 5.1 5.9 5.6 6.7

Non-Hispanic white ................ 42,522 100.0 10.6 23.5 12.1 10.0 9.2 8.1 12.8 13.8

Non-Hispanic black ................ 8,210 100.0 9.4 14.0 12.4 14.0 11.4 11.5 12.7 14.5

Non-Hispanic other ................ 2,767 100.0 22.4 36.3 12.6 6.4 5.1 4.8 6.2 6.2

. . . Category not applicable.

1Never had intercourse, or never had voluntary intercourse if first intercourse was not voluntary.

2Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

3GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 41
Table 31. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by number of male sexual partners in lifetime, according to

selected characteristics, based on responses from self-administered questionnaire: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands Total

Number of partners in lifetime

01 1 2 3 4 5 6–9

10 or

more

Percent distribution

All women ........................... 60,201 100.0 10.5 23.5 12.3 9.6 8.4 8.1 12.1 15.5

Age at interview

15–19 years ......................... 8,961 100.0 45.8 19.4 11.0 7.9 3.6 2.9 5.7 3.7

20–24 years ......................... 9,041 100.0 11.0 21.6 13.4 11.5 9.0 7.7 11.9 13.9

25–29 years ......................... 9,693 100.0 4.3 22.0 13.5 10.1 9.2 10.1 13.8 16.9

30–34 years ......................... 11,065 100.0 2.8 23.4 11.8 9.1 11.5 9.7 13.7 18.0

35–39 years ......................... 11,211 100.0 1.8 24.3 11.7 9.4 8.5 9.3 14.5 20.5

40–44 years ......................... 10,230 100.0 2.4 29.4 12.6 9.7 8.0 8.4 11.7 17.7

Marital status at interview

Married ............................ 29,673 100.0 0.5 34.5 13.8 9.9 8.9 8.0 11.2 13.2

Unmarried ........................... 30,528 100.0 20.2 12.8 10.9 9.4 7.9 8.2 12.8 17.7

Never married ....................... 22,679 100.0 26.8 14.3 11.3 9.2 7.3 6.9 10.7 13.6

Formerly married ..................... 7,849 100.0 0.8 8.6 9.7 9.8 9.8 12.0 19.4 29.8

Age at first intercourse

Under 16 years ....................... 13,944 100.0 . . . 11.3 11.2 10.2 8.6 10.6 18.5 29.0

16 years ............................ 8,750 100.0 . . . 18.6 12.6 12.9 10.9 9.4 16.5 18.8

17 years ............................ 8,754 100.0 . . . 17.3 14.4 11.4 12.3 12.5 13.1 18.8

18 years ............................ 6,941 100.0 . . . 26.0 14.3 11.0 11.0 9.0 13.1 14.9

19 years ............................ 4,759 100.0 . . . 37.6 14.7 11.6 8.0 7.2 11.0 9.2

20 years and over ...................... 10,653 100.0 . . . 52.2 16.5 8.6 6.3 4.7 5.9 4.6

Education at interview2

No high school diploma or GED3 ............ 5,424 100.0 1.3 27.7 15.8 10.1 7.6 10.1 11.7 15.8

High school diploma or GED ............... 18,169 100.0 2.5 23.5 13.0 10.8 9.8 9.6 13.7 17.1

Some college, no bachelor’s degree .......... 12,399 100.0 4.6 22.3 10.3 9.6 9.1 10.2 14.1 19.9

Bachelor’s degree or higher ................ 11,748 100.0 4.7 26.1 11.7 8.6 9.5 7.1 13.5 18.9

Poverty level income at interview2

0–149 percent ........................ 10,072 100.0 3.8 21.8 13.7 9.9 9.4 10.1 13.6 17.7

0–99 percent ....................... 5,992 100.0 4.1 22.3 13.7 9.7 10.0 10.3 12.4 17.6

150–299 percent ...................... 14,932 100.0 3.9 25.7 13.4 9.4 9.2 8.7 12.1 17.6

300 percent or higher .................... 22,736 100.0 3.0 24.4 11.0 10.1 9.3 9.1 14.4 18.7

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic ............................ 6,702 100.0 12.1 37.1 15.8 8.9 5.1 5.7 6.9 8.5

Non-Hispanic white ..................... 42,522 100.0 10.1 22.4 11.7 9.6 8.6 8.0 13.2 16.4

Non-Hispanic black ..................... 8,210 100.0 8.3 14.2 12.1 11.4 11.6 11.6 12.1 18.8

Non-Hispanic other ..................... 2,767 100.0 19.8 35.9 14.8 5.7 4.0 4.9 7.2 7.8

. . . Category not applicable.

1Never had intercourse, or never had voluntary intercourse if first intercourse was not voluntary.

2Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

3GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Page 42 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 32. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by current marital status, according to selected characteristics:

United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands Total

Never

married

Currently

married

Formerly

married

First

Second

or later Separated Divorced Widowed

Percent distribution

All women ............................. 60,201 100.0 37.7 39.9 9.3 3.6 8.7 0.7

Age at interview

15–19 years ........................... 8,961 100.0 95.5 3.8 – 0.5 0.1 –

20–24 years ........................... 9,041 100.0 65.7 26.6 0.7 2.7 4.2 0.1

25–29 years ........................... 9,693 100.0 35.7 48.8 3.7 4.2 7.1 0.6

30–34 years ........................... 11,065 100.0 20.1 52.4 12.2 4.7 10.1 0.5

35–39 years ........................... 11,211 100.0 13.5 52.1 15.8 4.7 12.8 1.1

40–44 years ........................... 10,230 100.0 9.6 48.1 20.5 4.3 15.8 1.6

Family background

Both parents from birth1 .................... 37,233 100.0 32.9 45.0 9.7 3.2 8.6 0.6

Single parent from birth .................... 2,093 100.0 59.0 21.0 4.8 5.0 9.2 1.0

Both parents, then 1 parent .................. 8,003 100.0 47.2 32.6 8.2 4.1 7.0 0.9

Stepparent2 ............................ 8,378 100.0 41.8 33.6 10.3 3.8 9.9 0.6

Other ................................ 4,493 100.0 43.1 31.7 8.9 4.9 10.2 1.2

Parity

0 births .............................. 25,242 100.0 71.7 20.0 2.5 1.1 4.5 0.2

1 birth ............................... 10,706 100.0 23.1 48.1 11.5 3.6 12.6 1.1

2 births .............................. 13,875 100.0 8.7 60.5 14.5 4.9 10.8 0.6

3 or more births ......................... 10,377 100.0 8.8 52.5 16.9 8.1 12.1 1.6

Education at interview3

No high school diploma or GED4 .............. 5,424 100.0 23.2 38.9 12.9 9.6 13.2 2.4

High school diploma or GED ................. 18,169 100.0 18.1 48.3 15.2 5.2 12.3 1.0

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ............ 12,399 100.0 27.2 46.8 10.9 3.5 10.9 0.6

Bachelor’s degree or higher .................. 11,748 100.0 29.5 54.1 6.8 1.6 7.7 0.4

Poverty level income at interview3

0–149 percent .......................... 10,072 100.0 32.6 29.8 8.7 11.0 16.0 1.8

0–99 percent ......................... 5,992 100.0 36.0 25.6 7.0 13.7 16.3 1.4

150–299 percent ........................ 14,932 100.0 23.2 48.2 11.4 4.0 12.3 1.0

300 percent or higher ...................... 22,736 100.0 20.4 56.5 13.4 1.7 7.7 0.4

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 6,702 100.0 38.6 40.1 7.3 5.5 7.6 0.9

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 42,522 100.0 33.6 43.2 11.1 2.7 9.0 0.4

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 8,210 100.0 56.9 21.9 3.3 6.9 9.4 1.6

Non-Hispanic other ....................... 2,767 100.0 41.5 43.1 5.7 3.2 5.3 1.3

– Quantity zero.

1Includes women who lived with either both biological or both adoptive parents until they left home.

2Parents separated or divorced, then custodial parent remarried. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

3Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

4GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 43
Table 33. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent who have ever cohabited, are currently cohabiting, have ever married, or have

ever married or cohabited: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands

Ever

cohabited

Currently

cohabiting

Ever

married

Ever married

or cohabited

Percent

All women .................................... 60,201 41.1 7.0 62.3 72.5

Age at interview

15–19 years .................................. 8,961 8.9 4.1 4.5 11.4

20–24 years .................................. 9,041 38.4 11.2 34.3 54.5

25–29 years .................................. 9,693 49.3 9.8 64.3 79.7

30–34 years .................................. 11,065 51.4 7.5 79.9 89.2

35–39 years .................................. 11,211 50.0 5.2 86.5 92.9

40–44 years .................................. 10,230 43.0 4.4 90.4 94.5

Marital status at interview

Never married ................................. 22,679 27.0 11.4 . . . 27.0

Currently married ............................... 29,673 45.4 . . . 100.0 100.0

Formerly married ............................... 7,849 65.4 20.7 100.0 100.0

Parity

0 births ..................................... 25,242 29.4 7.4 28.3 42.0

1 birth ...................................... 10,706 52.5 8.2 76.9 88.5

2 births ..................................... 13,875 47.4 5.4 91.3 97.1

3 or more births ................................ 10,377 49.2 6.7 91.2 97.2

Education at interview1

No high school diploma or GED2 ..................... 5,424 60.1 11.6 76.8 91.4

High school diploma or GED ........................ 18,169 52.0 8.0 81.9 91.3

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ................... 12,399 46.3 6.8 72.8 82.9

Bachelor’s degree or higher ......................... 11,748 37.8 5.1 70.5 79.8

Poverty level income at interview1

0–149 percent ................................. 10,072 53.5 7.7 67.4 83.2

0–99 percent ................................ 5,992 54.4 7.2 64.0 81.6

150–299 percent ............................... 14,932 46.2 7.3 76.8 86.1

300 percent or higher ............................. 22,736 46.6 7.3 79.6 87.8

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic ..................................... 6,702 36.7 8.2 61.4 71.8

Non-Hispanic white .............................. 42,522 42.6 7.0 66.4 75.3

Non-Hispanic black .............................. 8,210 40.1 6.9 43.1 60.3

Non-Hispanic other .............................. 2,767 31.7 4.6 58.5 66.8

. . . Category not applicable.

1Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

2GED is general equivalency diploma.

Page 44 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 34. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by cohabitation experience relative to first marriage, according to

selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands Total

Never

cohabited

Ever cohabited

Never

married

Before

first

marriage

After

first

marriage

Percent distribution

All women ............................. 60,201 100.0 58.9 10.2 23.6 7.3

Age at interview

15–19 years ........................... 8,961 100.0 91.1 7.0 1.8 0.1

20–24 years ........................... 9,041 100.0 61.6 20.2 17.2 0.9

25–29 years ........................... 9,693 100.0 50.7 15.4 30.1 3.8

30–34 years ........................... 11,065 100.0 48.6 9.3 33.8 8.3

35–39 years ........................... 11,211 100.0 50.0 6.4 31.0 12.6

40–44 years ........................... 10,230 100.0 57.0 4.1 23.0 15.9

Marital status at interview

Never married .......................... 22,679 100.0 73.0 27.0 . . . . . .

Currently married ........................ 29,673 100.0 54.6 . . . 36.8 8.6

Formerly married ........................ 7,849 100.0 34.6 . . . 41.8 23.7

Parity

0 births .............................. 25,242 100.0 70.6 13.7 13.4 2.3

1 birth ............................... 10,706 100.0 47.5 11.6 32.6 8.3

2 births .............................. 13,875 100.0 52.6 5.8 31.1 10.6

3 or more births ......................... 10,377 100.0 50.8 6.0 29.0 14.2

Education at interview1

No high school diploma or GED2 .............. 5,424 100.0 39.9 14.6 31.1 14.5

High school diploma or GED ................. 18,169 100.0 48.0 9.4 30.1 12.5

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ............ 12,399 100.0 53.7 10.1 28.7 7.5

Bachelor’s degree or higher .................. 11,748 100.0 62.2 9.2 25.1 3.5

Poverty level income at interview1

0–149 percent .......................... 10,072 100.0 46.5 15.8 27.8 9.9

0–99 percent ......................... 5,992 100.0 45.6 17.7 27.0 9.7

150–299 percent ........................ 14,932 100.0 53.8 9.2 27.4 9.6

300 percent or higher ...................... 22,736 100.0 53.4 8.2 29.8 8.7

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 6,702 100.0 63.3 10.4 19.2 7.1

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 42,522 100.0 57.4 8.9 25.6 8.1

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 8,210 100.0 59.9 17.3 17.9 5.0

Non-Hispanic other ....................... 2,767 100.0 68.3 8.3 19.8 3.6

. . . Category not applicable.

1Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

2GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 45
Table 35. Number of women 15–44 years of age who have ever cohabited and percent distribution by status of first cohabitation, according

to selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands Total

Intact

cohabitation

Dissolved

cohabitation

Intact

marriage

Dissolved

marriage

Percent distribution

All women .................................. 24,737 100.0 9.8 32.8 36.5 20.8

Age at interview

15–19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797 100.0 45.3 35.2 17.5 2.0

20–24 years ................................ 3,469 100.0 21.6 38.5 29.4 10.0

25–29 years ................................ 4,780 100.0 11.7 35.7 39.4 13.2

30–34 years ................................ 5,687 100.0 5.6 33.6 37.5 23.3

35–39 years ................................ 5,603 100.0 4.4 29.9 39.9 25.8

40–44 years ................................ 4,400 100.0 4.4 27.6 36.6 31.3

Marital status at interview

Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,117 100.0 30.5 69.5 . . . . . .

Currently married ............................. 13,485 100.0 . . . 18.7 67.0 14.3

Formerly married ............................. 5,135 100.0 11.0 26.4 . . . 62.6

Parity

0 births ................................... 7,428 100.0 17.7 43.7 27.3 11.3

1 birth .................................... 5,619 100.0 8.6 32.7 37.4 21.4

2 births ................................... 6,583 100.0 5.0 25.3 45.8 23.9

3 or more births .............................. 5,107 100.0 6.0 27.0 37.1 29.9

Education at interview1

No high school diploma or GED2 ................... 3,262 100.0 9.6 34.4 27.9 28.1

High school diploma or GED ...................... 9,449 100.0 7.3 30.0 39.1 23.6

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ................. 5,736 100.0 7.4 32.9 37.5 32.9

Bachelor’s degree or higher ....................... 4,443 100.0 8.4 35.0 41.9 14.7

Poverty level income at interview1

0–149 percent ............................... 5,386 100.0 6.3 41.3 23.8 28.6

0–99 percent .............................. 3,257 100.0 5.5 45.6 20.9 28.0

150–299 percent ............................. 6,898 100.0 8.4 28.2 38.9 24.5

300 percent or higher ........................... 10,605 100.0 8.3 30.4 43.9 17.4

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic ................................... 2,460 100.0 13.2 33.2 35.3 18.3

Non-Hispanic white ............................ 18,104 100.0 9.5 29.8 39.3 21.4

Non-Hispanic black ............................ 3,295 100.0 9.8 49.1 22.8 18.3

Non-Hispanic other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878 100.0 6.8 32.8 35.0 25.3

. . . Category not applicable.

1Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

2GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Page 46 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 36. Number of ever-married women 15–44 years of age and cumulative percent whose first marriage was dissolved by separation,

divorce, or annulment, by years since first marriage and selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands

All

marital

durations

Years since first marriage

1 3 5 10

Cumulative percent dissolved at interview

All women .................................. 37,521 34.5 4.6 13.8 20.2 28.6

Age at first marriage

Under 18 years .............................. 4,533 59.1 7.4 21.5 33.1 46.8

18–19 years ................................ 8,687 47.2 6.8 18.3 25.6 37.8

20–22 years ................................ 11,034 30.8 3.6 13.0 18.7 25.8

23 years and over ............................. 13,267 20.9 3.0 8.9 13.5 18.6

Year of first marriage

1990–95 ................................... 8,240 13.4 3.8 10.8 13.4 . . .

1985–89 ................................... 7,753 27.8 3.8 13.6 19.7 27.8

1980–84 ................................... 7,747 36.6 4.7 14.1 21.3 32.8

Before 1980 ................................ 13,782 49.7 5.5 15.6 23.9 35.7

Family background

Both parents from birth1 ......................... 25,000 31.8 4.2 12.1 17.6 25.5

Single parent from birth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859 44.1 6.1 17.3 26.4 35.8

Both parents, then 1 parent ....................... 4,227 35.9 5.8 16.4 23.4 31.4

Stepparent2 ................................. 4,878 41.0 6.4 19.6 27.9 36.4

Other ..................................... 2,557 43.2 2.9 14.4 23.7 36.2

Cohabitation before first marriage

No, never cohabited at all ........................ 18,901 20.4 2.0 6.4 9.5 14.5

No, but cohabited after first marriage ................. 4,420 96.1 13.6 40.0 58.0 83.2

Yes, with first husband .......................... 13,443 34.1 4.8 15.3 22.4 30.1

Yes, with someone else . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757 34.5 13.3 20.0 26.9 33.1

Education at interview3

No high school diploma or GED4 ................... 4,168 45.9 7.5 17.9 26.9 37.8

High school diploma or GED ...................... 14,881 39.3 5.3 15.6 22.6 32.4

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ................. 9,025 34.9 4.4 14.4 21.0 29.1

Bachelor’s degree or higher ....................... 8,288 22.8 2.1 8.1 12.6 18.5

Poverty level income at interview3

0–149 percent ............................... 6,788 53.1 8.4 21.3 31.0 44.4

0–99 percent .............................. 3,832 57.9 9.9 23.0 33.7 49.7

150–299 percent ............................. 11,473 35.7 4.3 13.9 19.9 29.2

300 percent or higher ........................... 18,102 28.1 3.3 11.0 16.7 23.2

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,116 33.2 4.2 12.4 17.9 27.9

Non-Hispanic white ............................ 28,250 33.9 4.6 13.8 20.0 27.8

Non-Hispanic black ............................ 3,536 45.3 6.5 17.9 28.0 39.6

Non-Hispanic other ............................ 1,619 24.3 2.2 8.7 12.3 20.2

. . . Category not applicable.

1Includes women who lived with either both biological or both adoptive parents until they left home.

2Parents separated or divorced, then custodial parent remarried. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

3Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

4GED is general equivalency diploma.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 47
Table 37. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by number of husbands or cohabiting partners, according to

selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands Total

Never married

and never

cohabited

Number of husbands or cohabiting partners1

1 2 3 4 or more

Percent distribution

All women ............................. 60,201 100.0 27.5 49.8 16.0 4.8 1.9

Age at interview

15–19 years ........................... 8,961 100.0 88.6 10.8 0.4 0.2 0.1

20–24 years ........................... 9,041 100.0 45.5 46.1 6.9 1.3 0.2

25–29 years ........................... 9,693 100.0 20.3 60.2 16.0 2.8 0.7

30–34 years ........................... 11,065 100.0 10.8 59.0 21.6 6.0 2.6

35–39 years ........................... 11,211 100.0 7.1 59.1 21.6 8.6 3.6

40–44 years ........................... 10,230 100.0 5.5 57.5 25.2 8.3 3.5

Marital status

Never married .......................... 22,679 100.0 73.0 19.4 5.5 1.5 0.5

Currently married ........................ 29,673 100.0 . . . 74.2 19.4 5.0 1.5

Formerly married ........................ 7,849 100.0 . . . 45.7 33.5 13.5 7.3

Number of marriages

1 marriage ............................ 30,341 100.0 . . . 84.4 11.9 2.5 1.2

2 marriages ............................ 5,983 100.0 . . . . . . 79.7 16.2 4.1

3 or more marriages ...................... 1,198 100.0 . . . . . . . . . 66.9 33.1

Education at interview2

No high school diploma or GED3 .............. 5,424 100.0 8.6 52.8 25.9 8.9 3.8

High school diploma or GED ................. 18,169 100.0 8.7 58.4 22.7 7.1 3.0

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ............ 12,399 100.0 17.1 56.8 18.2 5.9 2.0

Bachelor’s degree or higher .................. 11,748 100.0 20.2 61.9 14.0 2.9 1.0

Poverty level income at interview2

0–149 percent .......................... 10,072 100.0 16.8 51.5 22.6 6.3 2.7

0–99 percent ......................... 5,992 100.0 18.4 50.2 22.6 6.1 2.6

150–299 percent ........................ 14,932 100.0 13.9 59.5 18.9 5.2 2.4

300 percent or higher ...................... 22,736 100.0 12.2 60.3 19.0 6.3 2.2

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 6,702 100.0 28.2 51.8 16.0 3.1 0.9

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 42,522 100.0 24.7 50.9 16.7 5.4 2.2

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 8,210 100.0 39.7 42.3 13.1 3.6 1.3

Non-Hispanic other ....................... 2,767 100.0 33.2 51.7 12.1 2.3 0.7

. . . Category not applicable.

1Husbands with whom a woman also cohabited (outside of marriage) are counted only once.

2Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

3GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Page 48 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 38. Number of women 15–44 years of age who have ever had intercourse and percent who have ever used the specified contraceptive

methods, by age: United States, 1995

Method

Age in years

15–44 15–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44

Number in thousands

All women ............................. 53,630 4,496 7,968 9,279 10,772 11,048 10,066

Percent who ever used

Any method ........................... 98.4 96.9 98.4 98.7 98.3 99.0 98.2

Female sterilization ....................... 23.1 0.2 3.0 12.6 23.7 35.4 44.9

Male sterilization ......................... 14.6 0.6 2.9 6.1 14.4 24.0 28.0

Pill ................................. 82.4 52.1 81.3 86.9 86.8 84.7 85.1

Implant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 2.8 5.0 3.1 1.5 0.9 0.7

Injectable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 9.8 8.1 6.4 3.1 2.3 1.5

Intrauterine device (IUD) .................... 10.0 – 0.8 2.4 7.2 16.5 24.7

Diaphragm ............................ 15.2 0.4 2.3 6.6 17.8 25.0 26.5

Condom .............................. 82.2 93.5 89.4 86.7 83.0 76.8 72.5

Female condom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.2

Periodic abstinence ....................... 25.5 13.3 15.7 23.7 29.5 31.4 29.9

Natural family planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 0.4 1.0 2.4 4.9 7.4 5.9

Withdrawal ............................ 40.7 42.6 43.7 46.4 41.8 37.0 34.8

Other methods1 ......................... 32.8 11.5 23.1 29.4 38.8 40.2 38.3

– Quantity zero.

1Includes morning-after pill, foam, cervical cap, Today (TM) sponge, suppository, jelly or cream (without diaphragm), and other methods not shown separately.

Table 39. Number of women 15–44 years of age who have ever had intercourse and percent who used the specified contraceptive method

at first intercourse, according to race and Hispanic origin and year: United States, 1995

Race and Hispanic origin and year

Number in

thousands

Used any

method Pill Condom Withdrawal

All other

methods

Percent1

All women2 ................................. 53,588 59.0 19.5 29.2 6.8 3.5

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic ................................... 5,882 36.2 10.6 19.8 4.1 1.7

Non-Hispanic white ............................ 38,090 64.8 21.0 32.0 7.8 4.0

Non-Hispanic black ............................ 7,462 50.1 20.5 24.5 2.9 2.2

Year of first intercourse

1990–95 ................................... 9,140 75.9 15.5 54.3 4.4 1.6

1985–89 ................................... 10,063 63.9 19.7 36.4 5.6 2.2

1980–84 ................................... 10,514 59.4 21.9 25.1 8.0 4.4

Before 1980 ................................ 23,871 50.2 19.9 18.3 7.6 4.4

1For women reporting use of more than 1 contraceptive method, the method with highest use-effectiveness was coded. See ‘‘Definition of Terms’’ for ‘‘current contraceptive status’’ to see methods

ordered by use-effectiveness.

2Includes women of other race and origin groups not shown separately.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 49
Table 40. Number of women 15–44 years of age who had premarital voluntary intercourse and percent who used the specified contraceptive

method at first intercourse, by age at first intercourse, race and Hispanic origin, and year of first intercourse: United States, 1995

Age, race and Hispanic origin, and year

Number in

thousands

Used any

method Pill Condom Withdrawal

All other

methods

Percent

All women1 ............................ 53,588 59.0 19.5 29.2 6.8 3.5

Age at first intercourse

Under 16 years ......................... 12,460 51.4 9.0 33.6 7.4 1.4

16 years .............................. 8,990 57.0 14.9 31.7 8.0 2.5

17 years .............................. 9,043 60.7 18.4 31.9 8.2 2.3

18 years .............................. 7,243 61.5 22.3 29.0 6.6 3.6

19 years .............................. 4,882 60.0 25.8 24.0 4.7 5.4

20 years and over ........................ 10,969 65.6 31.5 22.4 5.0 6.8

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 5,882 36.2 10.6 19.8 4.1 1.7

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 38,090 64.8 21.0 32.0 7.8 4.0

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 7,462 50.1 20.5 24.5 2.9 2.2

Year of first intercourse

1990–95 .............................. 9,140 75.9 15.5 54.3 4.4 1.6

1985–89 .............................. 10,063 63.9 19.7 36.4 5.6 2.2

1980–84 .............................. 10,514 59.4 21.9 25.1 8.0 4.4

Before 1980 ........................... 23,871 50.2 19.9 18.3 7.6 4.4

First intercourse in 1990–95 only

Race and Hispanic origin:

All women1 .......................... 9,140 75.9 15.5 54.3 4.4 1.6

Hispanic ............................ 1,333 53.1 10.3 38.4 3.8 0.5

Non-Hispanic white ...................... 6,002 82.7 17.6 60.2 3.4 1.5

Non-Hispanic black ...................... 1,331 72.2 15.2 50.5 4.3 2.2

Age at first intercourse and race

and Hispanic origin (1990–95 only)

Under 20 years1 ......................... 7,134 76.9 11.3 60.4 4.4 0.9

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 930 52.8 5.4 42.3 5.2 –

Non-Hispanic white ...................... 4,774 83.0 11.8 67.1 3.4 0.7

Non-Hispanic black ...................... 1,193 72.1 14.5 51.2 3.9 2.5

20 years and over1 ....................... 2,006 72.4 30.6 32.9 4.7 4.2

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 53.7 21.7 29.4 0.8 1.8

Non-Hispanic white ...................... 1,228 81.5 39.9 33.3 3.8 4.5

Non-Hispanic black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 72.4 20.7 44.5 7.3 –

– Quantity zero.

1Includes women of other race and origin groups not shown separately. Also includes women who were never married.

Page 50 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 41. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by current contraceptive status and method, according to age at

interview: United States, 1995

Contraceptive status and method

Age in years

15–44 15–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44

Number in thousands

All women ................................ 60,201 8,961 9,041 9,693 11,065 11,211 10,230

Percent distribution

Total ................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Using contraception (contraceptors) ................ 64.2 29.8 63.4 69.3 72.7 72.9 71.5

Female sterilization ......................... 17.8 0.1 2.5 11.8 21.4 29.8 35.6

Male sterilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 – 0.7 3.1 7.6 13.6 14.5

Pill ................................... 17.3 13.0 33.1 27.0 20.7 8.1 4.2

Implant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 0.8 2.4 1.4 0.5 0.2 0.1

Injectable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.9 3.9 2.9 1.3 0.8 0.2

Intrauterine device (IUD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 – 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9

Diaphragm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 0.0 0.4 0.6 1.7 2.2 1.9

Condom ............................... 13.1 10.9 16.7 16.8 13.4 12.3 8.8

Female condom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 – 0.1 – – – –

Periodic abstinence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 0.4 0.6 1.2 2.3 2.1 1.8

Natural family planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 – 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2

Withdrawal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 1.2 2.1 2.6 2.1 2.3 1.4

Other methods1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 0.3 0.9 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.8

Not using contraception2 ....................... 35.8 70.2 36.6 30.7 27.3 27.1 28.5

Surgically sterile—female (noncontraceptive) . . . . . . . . . 3.0 0.1 0.1 0.6 1.7 5.1 9.6

Nonsurgically sterile—female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 0.7 0.5 0.7 1.2 2.3 1.9

Pregnant or postpartum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.5 7.3 8.4 5.6 2.1 0.4

Seeking pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 0.9 3.4 6.1 6.2 4.6 2.2

Other nonuse:

Never had intercourse3 ..................... 10.9 49.8 12.1 4.2 2.7 1.4 1.4

No intercourse in 3 months before interview . . . . . . . . 6.2 7.1 6.8 5.7 4.9 6.2 6.8

Had intercourse in 3 months before interview . . . . . . . 5.2 7.1 6.0 4.7 4.4 4.3 5.1

– Quantity zero.

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than 0.05.

1Includes morning-after pill, foam, cervical cap, Today (TM) sponge, suppository, jelly or cream (without diaphragm), and other methods not shown separately.

2Includes other categories not shown separately: ‘‘sterile, nonsurgical—male’’; ‘‘sterile, surgical—male’’; ‘‘sterile, unknown—male.’’

3Never had voluntary intercourse or never had (voluntary) intercourse since first menstrual period. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

NOTES: Percents ‘‘using contraception’’ and ‘‘not using contraception’’ may not add to 100 due to rounding. Due to rounding, percents in specific method categories may not add to total percents using

contraception and not using contraception due to rounding. Also, some methods are not shown separately.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 51
Table 42. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by current contraceptive status and method, according to marital

status and race and Hispanic origin: United States, 1995

Contraceptive status and method

Marital status1 Race and Hispanic origin

Never

married

Currently

married

Formerly

married Hispanic

Non-Hispanic

white

Non-Hispanic

black

Number in thousands

All women .................................. 22,679 29,673 7,849 6,702 42,522 8,210

Percent distribution

Total ..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Using contraception (contraceptors) .................. 46.6 76.4 69.1 58.9 66.0 62.2

Female sterilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 23.8 34.0 21.6 16.3 24.9

Male sterilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 13.2 2.6 2.4 9.0 1.1

Pill ..................................... 20.4 15.6 14.6 13.6 18.8 14.8

Implant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 0.7 0.8 1.2 0.7 1.4

Injectable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 1.4 1.7 2.8 1.6 3.3

Intrauterine device (IUD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.5

Diaphragm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 1.8 0.9 0.4 1.5 0.5

Condom ................................. 13.9 13.3 10.1 12.1 13.0 12.5

Female condom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0.0 – – 0.0 –

Periodic abstinence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 2.3 0.7 1.3 1.6 0.7

Natural family planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0

Withdrawal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 2.3 1.8 2.0 2.1 0.9

Other methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 1.1 1.3 0.6 1.0 1.5

Not using contraception2 ......................... 53.4 23.6 30.9 41.1 34.0 37.8

Surgically sterile—female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 4.0 5.7 2.3 3.1 3.5

Nonsurgically sterile—female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 1.3 2.0 1.4 1.2 1.7

Pregnant or postpartum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 6.4 2.0 6.4 4.3 4.6

Seeking pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 6.4 2.1 4.0 3.7 4.6

Other nonuse:

Never had intercourse3 ....................... 28.9 – – 12.1 10.4 8.9

No intercourse in 3 months before interview . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 0.5 12.7 8.6 5.7 7.2

Had intercourse in 3 months before interview . . . . . . . . . 6.4 4.2 5.7 5.6 5.0 7.0

– Quantity zero.

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than 0.05.

1Includes women of other race and origin groups not shown separately.

2Includes other categories not shown separately: ‘‘sterile, nonsurgical—male’’; ‘‘sterile, surgical—male’’; ‘‘sterile, unknown—male.’’

3Never had voluntary intercourse or never had (voluntary) intercourse since first menstrual period. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

NOTES: Percents ‘‘using contraception’’ and ‘‘not using contraception’’ may not add to 100 due to rounding. Due to rounding, percents in specific method categories may not add to total percents using

contraception and not using contraception. Also, some methods are not shown separately.

Page 52 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 43. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent currently using a method of contraception, by selected characteristics:

United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands

Percent using

any method

All women .............................................. 60,201 64.2

Age at interview

15–19 years ............................................ 8,961 29.8

20–24 years ............................................ 9,041 63.5

25–29 years ............................................ 9,693 69.2

30–34 years ............................................ 11,065 72.8

35–39 years ............................................ 11,211 73.1

40–44 years ............................................ 10,230 71.4

Marital status

Never married ........................................... 22,679 46.6

Currently married ......................................... 29,673 76.4

Formerly married ......................................... 7,849 69.2

Parity

0 births ............................................... 25,242 45.6

1 birth ................................................ 10,706 64.1

2 births ............................................... 13,875 82.7

3 or more births .......................................... 10,377 84.9

Education at interview1

No high school diploma or GED2 ............................... 5,424 73.3

High school diploma or GED .................................. 18,169 72.2

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ............................. 12,399 69.7

Bachelor’s degree or higher ................................... 11,748 70.6

Poverty level income at interview1

0–149 percent ........................................... 10,072 70.9

0–99 percent .......................................... 5,992 70.4

150–299 percent ......................................... 14,932 71.3

300 percent or more ....................................... 22,736 71.4

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic ............................................... 6,702 59.0

Non-Hispanic white ........................................ 42,522 66.1

Non-Hispanic black ........................................ 8,210 62.1

Non-Hispanic other ........................................ 2,767 53.8

1Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

2GED is general equivalency diploma.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 53
Table 44. Number of women 15–44 years of age who are currently using a method of contraception and percent distribution by method,

according to selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands

Using

any

method

Sterilization

Pill Condom

Other

methods1 Female Male

Percent distribution

All women ............................. 38,663 100.0 27.7 10.9 26.9 20.4 14.0

Age at interview

15–19 years ........................... 2,668 100.0 0.3 – 43.8 36.7 19.2

20–24 years ........................... 5,737 100.0 4.0 1.1 52.1 26.4 16.4

25–29 years ........................... 6,710 100.0 17.1 4.5 39.1 24.2 15.1

30–34 years ........................... 8,052 100.0 29.4 10.4 28.4 18.4 13.3

35–39 years ........................... 8,191 100.0 40.7 18.6 11.1 16.8 12.8

40–44 years ........................... 7,305 100.0 49.8 20.3 5.9 12.4 11.5

Marital status

Never married .......................... 10,567 100.0 9.4 0.9 43.8 29.9 16.1

Currently married ........................ 22,667 100.0 31.2 17.3 20.4 17.4 13.7

Formerly married ........................ 5,428 100.0 49.2 3.8 21.1 14.6 11.2

Parity

0 births .............................. 11,516 100.0 2.7 4.1 49.0 30.3 13.8

1 birth ............................... 6,866 100.0 12.2 7.2 33.8 25.7 21.1

2 births .............................. 11,469 100.0 39.3 17.0 14.8 15.8 13.1

3 or more births ......................... 8,811 100.0 57.5 14.8 8.4 9.4 10.0

Education at interview2

No high school diploma or GED3 .............. 3,974 100.0 56.1 6.4 13.7 13.1 10.7

High school diploma or GED ................. 13,121 100.0 40.0 13.7 20.2 14.0 12.0

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ............ 8,639 100.0 26.1 12.4 27.3 20.7 13.6

Bachelor’s degree or higher .................. 8,291 100.0 11.7 13.1 32.2 26.4 16.5

Poverty level income at interview2

0–149 percent .......................... 7,146 100.0 49.0 4.0 19.8 14.3 12.9

0–99 percent ......................... 4,220 100.0 50.5 3.0 19.5 13.4 13.5

150–299 percent ........................ 10,647 100.0 34.0 12.5 23.9 17.2 12.4

300 percent or more ...................... 16,231 100.0 22.1 16.0 26.3 21.5 14.2

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 3,957 100.0 36.6 4.0 23.0 20.5 15.8

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 28,120 100.0 24.6 13.6 23.8 20.1 13.7

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 5,098 100.0 40.1 1.7 28.5 19.6 14.2

Non-Hispanic other ....................... 1,488 100.0 21.6 8.8 18.6 35.5 15.6

– Quantity zero.

1Includes morning-after pill, foam, cervical cap, Today (TM) sponge, suppository, jelly or cream (without diaphragm), and other methods not shown separately.

2Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

3GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Page 54 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 45. Number of women 15–44 years of age who had intercourse and used the pill as their only contraceptive method in the 3 months

before interview and percent distribution by consistency of use, according to selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands Total

Never

missed

a pill

Missed

1 pill

Missed

2 or

more pills

Percent distribution

All women1 ........................................ 6,548 100.0 71.2 15.5 13.3

Age at interview

15–19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462 100.0 69.8 13.3 16.9

15–17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 100.0 58.4 13.6 28.0

18–19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 100.0 74.3 13.2 12.5

20–24 years ....................................... 1,774 100.0 67.2 19.3 13.5

25–29 years ....................................... 1,713 100.0 68.9 16.1 15.0

30–44 years ....................................... 2,599 100.0 75.7 12.8 11.5

Marital status

Never married ...................................... 2,288 100.0 70.4 16.4 13.2

Currently married .................................... 3,549 100.0 69.8 16.0 14.2

Formerly married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710 100.0 80.6 9.6 9.9

Education at interview2

No high school diploma or GED3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 100.0 83.0 6.7 10.2

High school diploma or GED ............................. 1,805 100.0 72.6 15.4 12.0

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ........................ 1,624 100.0 71.9 13.6 14.5

Bachelor’s degree or higher .............................. 1,685 100.0 70.6 16.2 13.2

Poverty level income at interview2

0–149 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793 100.0 76.3 11.2 12.5

150–299 percent .................................... 1,541 100.0 70.1 15.8 14.1

300 percent or more .................................. 3,123 100.0 72.6 14.8 12.6

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538 100.0 70.6 7.4 22.0

Non-Hispanic white ................................... 5,256 100.0 71.5 17.0 11.5

Non-Hispanic black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 100.0 70.1 11.4 18.6

1Includes women of other race and origin groups not shown separately.

2Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

3GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 55
Table 46. Number of women 15–44 years of age who had intercourse in the 3 months prior to interview and only used coitus-dependent

contraceptive methods during those months and percent distribution by consistency of use, according to selected characteristics:

United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands Total

Every

time

More than

half the

time

Half the

time or

less1

Percent distribution

All women2 ................................... 9,762 100.0 67.6 12.5 20.0

Age at interview

15–19 years .................................. 1,321 100.0 61.6 15.0 23.3

20–24 years .................................. 1,781 100.0 58.4 15.4 26.2

25–29 years .................................. 1,801 100.0 70.0 10.0 20.0

30–44 years .................................. 4,860 100.0 71.6 11.6 16.8

Marital status

Never married ................................. 3,854 100.0 63.4 14.2 22.4

Currently married ............................... 4,928 100.0 70.7 11.0 18.3

Formerly married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 980 100.0 67.9 13.2 18.9

Education at interview3

No high school diploma or GED4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640 100.0 64.0 6.9 29.1

High school diploma or GED ........................ 2,370 100.0 66.9 11.7 21.4

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ................... 2,171 100.0 69.9 11.1 19.0

Bachelor’s degree or higher ......................... 2,593 100.0 74.4 12.3 13.3

Poverty level income at interview3

0–149 percent ................................. 1,269 100.0 63.2 11.2 25.6

150–299 percent ............................... 2,360 100.0 67.8 13.1 19.1

300 percent or more ............................. 4,144 100.0 73.4 10.4 16.3

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922 100.0 63.8 9.1 27.1

Non-Hispanic white .............................. 7,060 100.0 70.7 12.3 17.0

Non-Hispanic black .............................. 1,302 100.0 57.4 15.8 26.8

1Combines categories ‘‘about half the time’’ and ‘‘less than half the time.’’

2Includes women of other race and origin groups not shown separately.

3Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

4GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTES: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding. Coitus-dependent methods include male condom, diaphragm, female condom, sponge, cream, jelly, and others that must be used at the time

that intercourse occurs. See table 47 for consistency of use of coitus-dependent methods based on women who may have also used another type of method in the 3 months prior to interview.

Page 56 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 47. Number of women 15–44 years of age who had intercourse in the 3 months prior to interview and used coitus-dependent

contraceptive methods during those months and percent distribution by consistency of coitus-dependent method use, according to

selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands Total

Every

time

More than

half the time

About half

the time

Less than

half the time

Percent distribution

All women1 ................................. 11,963 100.0 65.8 13.4 7.2 13.6

Age at interview

15–19 years ................................ 1,683 100.0 61.6 17.2 9.7 11.5

20–24 years ................................ 2,333 100.0 60.5 14.1 9.3 16.1

25–29 years ................................ 2,202 100.0 67.4 12.0 6.6 14.0

30–44 years ................................ 5,746 100.0 68.6 12.6 5.8 13.0

Marital status

Never married ............................... 4,960 100.0 63.5 14.7 8.3 13.5

Currently married ............................. 5,841 100.0 67.6 12.3 6.6 13.5

Formerly married ............................. 1,163 100.0 66.9 13.6 5.4 14.1

Education at interview2

No high school diploma or GED3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676 100.0 63.2 7.4 11.2 18.3

High school diploma or GED ...................... 2,832 100.0 65.2 12.3 6.1 16.4

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ................. 2,580 100.0 67.9 10.8 6.7 14.6

Bachelor’s degree or higher ....................... 3,311 100.0 70.7 14.3 5.5 9.5

Poverty level income at interview2

0–149 percent ............................... 1,496 100.0 63.6 11.6 12.2 12.7

150–299 percent ............................. 2,848 100.0 65.7 13.6 5.5 15.3

300 percent or more ........................... 5,056 100.0 70.1 11.7 5.2 13.0

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic ................................... 1,058 100.0 61.7 11.8 11.1 15.4

Non-Hispanic white ............................ 8,729 100.0 68.0 13.1 6.1 12.8

Non-Hispanic black ............................ 1,585 100.0 60.3 15.4 8.2 16.1

1Includes women of other race and origin groups not shown separately.

2Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

3GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTES: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding. Coitus-dependent methods include male condom, diaphragm, female condom, sponge, cream, jelly, and others that must be used at the time

that intercourse occurs. Table includes women who used both coitus-dependent and non-coitus-dependent methods in the 3 months prior to interview. See table 46 for consistency of use of

coitus-dependent methods based on women who used only coitus-dependent methods in the 3 months prior to interview.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 57
Table 48. Number of unmarried women 15–24 years of age who had intercourse in the 3 months prior to interview, and percent who used

the specified contraceptive methods at last intercourse, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands

Used 1

or more

methods

Male or

female

sterilization Pill Condom

Pill

and

condom

Percent

All women1 ................................. 7,389 86.0 1.7 31.1 33.0 7.9

Age at interview

15–19 years ................................ 3,081 83.7 0.2 23.9 37.3 7.7

20–24 years ................................ 4,308 87.7 2.9 36.2 30.0 8.1

Marital status

Never married ............................... 6,831 85.7 1.1 31.4 34.0 7.9

Formerly married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558 89.4 9.5 27.3 21.5 8.4

Poverty level income at interview

0–149 percent ............................... 2,401 84.1 4.0 25.7 29.6 8.1

150 percent or more ........................... 4,988 86.9 0.7 33.6 34.7 7.8

Race and Hispanic origin, age, and

poverty level income at interview

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802 78.1 2.0 17.7 20.1 2.1

15–19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 74.2 – 14.3 21.6 0.8

20–24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 82.4 4.2 21.4 18.4 3.6

0–149 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 23.2 3.9 13.4 17.7 2.5

150 percent or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 21.0 0.7 20.7 21.8 1.8

Non-Hispanic white ............................ 4,803 87.8 1.1 36.5 33.8 8.6

15–19 years ............................... 2,040 84.5 0.4 28.3 39.7 9.7

20–24 years ............................... 2,762 90.2 1.6 42.6 29.4 7.8

0–149 percent .............................. 1,165 87.1 3.1 33.6 33.8 9.7

150 percent or more .......................... 3,638 88.0 0.4 37.4 33.8 8.2

Non-Hispanic black ............................ 1,530 84.0 3.7 21.6 36.6 9.0

15–19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577 86.3 – 16.0 39.0 5.4

20–24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953 82.5 5.9 25.0 35.1 11.2

0–149 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820 82.1 4.8 18.8 30.8 8.2

150 percent or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710 86.1 2.3 24.8 43.3 9.9

– Quantity zero.

1Includes women of other race and origin groups not shown separately.

NOTES: Some women are represented in more than 1 of the specific categories of method use. ‘‘Pill and condom’’ users are classified under ‘‘pill’’ and ‘‘condom’’ as well as ‘‘pill and condom.’’

Page 58 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 49. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by fecundity status, according to selected characteristics:

United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands Total

Surgically sterile

Impaired

Contraceptive Noncontraceptive fecundity Fecund

Percent distribution

All women .................................. 60,201 100.0 24.2 3.1 10.2 62.5

Age at interview

15–24 years ................................ 18,002 100.0 1.6 0.1 6.1 92.2

25–34 years ................................ 20,758 100.0 22.0 1.2 11.2 65.6

35–44 years ................................ 21,440 100.0 45.3 7.4 12.8 34.6

Marital status

Never married ............................... 22,679 100.0 4.5 0.9 6.7 87.9

Currently married ............................. 29,673 100.0 36.6 4.1 12.9 46.3

Formerly married ............................. 7,849 100.0 34.1 5.8 10.2 50.0

Parity 0

15–44 years ................................ 25,242 100.0 2.8 1.5 11.0 84.7

15–24 years ............................... 14,113 100.0 0.2 0.1 5.5 94.3

25–34 years ............................... 7,139 100.0 2.9 0.7 13.9 82.5

35–44 years ............................... 3,991 100.0 11.9 8.1 25.7 54.3

Parity 1 or more

15–44 years ................................ 34,958 100.0 39.7 4.2 9.6 46.5

15–24 years ............................... 3,889 100.0 6.7 0.3 8.4 84.6

25–34 years ............................... 13,620 100.0 32.1 1.5 9.8 56.7

35–44 years ............................... 17,449 100.0 52.9 7.2 9.8 30.1

Education at interview1

No high school diploma or GED2 ................... 5,424 100.0 44.1 5.1 12.9 37.9

High school diploma or GED ...................... 18,169 100.0 38.0 5.0 12.3 44.8

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ................. 12,399 100.0 26.3 3.5 10.7 59.5

Bachelor’s degree or higher ....................... 11,748 100.0 17.0 2.0 10.7 70.3

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic ................................... 6,702 100.0 22.9 2.3 10.8 64.0

Non-Hispanic white ............................ 42,522 100.0 24.7 3.2 10.0 62.2

Non-Hispanic black ............................ 8,210 100.0 25.5 3.7 10.1 60.7

Non-Hispanic other ............................ 2,767 100.0 15.6 2.3 13.1 69.1

1Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

2GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 59
Table 50. Number of currently married women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by fecundity status, according to selected

characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands Total

Surgically sterile

Impaired

Contraceptive Noncontraceptive fecundity Fecund

Percent distribution

All women .................................. 29,673 100.0 36.6 4.1 12.9 46.3

Age at interview

15–24 years ................................ 2,805 100.0 5.6 0.3 10.0 84.1

25–34 years ................................ 12,242 100.0 26.0 1.1 12.5 60.4

35–44 years ................................ 14,625 100.0 51.5 7.3 13.9 27.3

Parity 0

15–44 years ................................ 5,685 100.0 8.8 3.9 24.8 62.4

15–24 years ............................... 1,157 100.0 1.8 – 11.7 86.6

25–34 years ............................... 2,810 100.0 5.4 1.1 19.7 73.8

35–44 years ............................... 1,718 100.0 19.2 11.2 42.1 27.5

Parity 1 or more

15–44 years ................................ 23,988 100.0 43.2 4.1 10.1 42.5

15–24 years ............................... 1,649 100.0 8.3 0.5 8.8 82.4

25–34 years ............................... 9,432 100.0 32.2 1.1 10.3 56.4

35–44 years ............................... 12,907 100.0 55.8 6.8 10.1 27.3

Education at interview1

No high school diploma or GED2 ................... 2,807 100.0 46.9 4.8 15.1 33.2

High school diploma or GED ...................... 11,534 100.0 44.6 5.4 12.8 37.2

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ................. 7,163 100.0 36.5 4.3 11.7 47.5

Bachelor’s degree or higher ....................... 7,162 100.0 25.0 2.0 13.4 59.6

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic ................................... 3,178 100.0 33.2 3.1 13.0 50.6

Non-Hispanic white ............................ 23,077 100.0 37.6 4.0 12.6 45.8

Non-Hispanic black ............................ 2,069 100.0 40.1 6.1 14.1 39.7

Non-Hispanic other ............................ 1,349 100.0 23.8 4.5 16.3 55.4

– Quantity zero.

1Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

2GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Page 60 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 51. Number of currently married women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by infertility status, according to selected

characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands Total

Surgically

sterile Infertile Fecund

Percent distribution

All women .................................... 29,673 100.0 41.0 7.1 52.0

Age at interview

15–24 years .................................. 2,805 100.0 6.2 4.4 89.4

25–34 years .................................. 12,242 100.0 27.3 6.6 66.1

35–44 years .................................. 14,625 100.0 59.1 8.0 32.9

Parity 0

15–44 years .................................. 5,685 100.0 13.1 17.1 69.8

15–24 years ................................. 1,157 100.0 2.5 6.0 91.6

25–34 years ................................. 2,810 100.0 6.5 13.5 80.0

35–44 years ................................. 1,718 100.0 31.1 30.3 38.6

Parity 1 or more

15–44 years .................................. 23,988 100.0 47.6 4.7 47.7

15–24 years ................................. 1,649 100.0 8.8 3.3 87.8

25–34 years ................................. 9,432 100.0 33.5 4.5 62.0

35–44 years ................................. 12,907 100.0 62.9 5.0 32.2

Education at interview1

No high school diploma or GED2 ..................... 2,807 100.0 51.8 8.5 39.7

High school diploma or GED ........................ 11,534 100.0 50.3 8.1 41.5

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ................... 7,163 100.0 41.1 6.6 52.3

Bachelor’s degree or higher ......................... 7,162 100.0 27.1 5.6 67.2

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic ..................................... 3,178 100.0 36.4 7.0 56.7

Non-Hispanic white .............................. 23,077 100.0 41.8 6.4 51.8

Non-Hispanic black .............................. 2,069 100.0 46.6 10.5 42.9

Non-Hispanic other .............................. 1,349 100.0 28.9 13.6 57.5

1Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

2GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 61
Table 52. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent who have had a sterilizing operation, by type of operation, and percent whose

current husband or cohabiting partner has had a vasectomy, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands

Any

sterilizing

operation

Tubal

ligation Vasectomy Hysterectomy

Other

operations1

Percent

All women2 ................................. 60,201 27.5 17.7 7.7 5.0 2.5

Age at interview

15–19 years ................................ 8,961 0.1 – – – 0.1

20–24 years ................................ 9,041 3.3 2.5 0.6 0.1 0.2

25–29 years ................................ 9,693 15.0 11.4 3.1 0.9 0.4

30–34 years ................................ 11,065 30.6 21.5 7.9 2.8 1.6

35–39 years ................................ 11,211 48.6 29.9 15.2 8.8 4.8

40–44 years ................................ 10,230 58.3 35.1 16.4 16.0 7.2

Marital status

Never married ............................... 22,679 5.4 4.3 0.3 1.1 0.6

Currently married ............................. 29,673 41.1 23.8 14.9 6.8 3.4

Formerly married ............................. 7,849 40.0 33.3 1.7 9.6 4.5

Parity

0 births ................................... 25,242 4.4 1.1 2.0 1.7 1.1

1 birth .................................... 10,706 16.1 7.8 5.1 5.3 3.1

2 births ................................... 13,875 50.3 32.4 15.2 7.9 3.8

3 or more births .............................. 10,377 65.0 48.7 14.0 9.1 3.6

Education at interview3

No high school diploma or GED4 ................... 5,424 49.5 40.0 5.2 8.6 4.9

High school diploma or GED ...................... 18,169 43.2 28.8 11.1 8.4 4.3

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ................. 12,399 30.0 18.3 9.6 5.8 2.7

Bachelor’s degree or higher ....................... 11,748 19.4 8.2 9.5 2.7 1.0

Poverty level income at interview3

0–149 percent ............................... 10,072 40.3 34.2 3.1 5.9 3.1

0–99 percent .............................. 5,992 39.7 35.1 2.1 4.7 2.3

150–299 percent ............................. 14,932 36.4 23.9 9.9 6.8 3.3

300 percent or higher ........................... 22,736 31.0 16.0 12.4 6.3 3.0

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic ................................... 6,702 25.5 20.9 2.8 3.6 2.2

Non-Hispanic white ............................ 42,522 28.1 16.3 9.8 5.2 2.6

Non-Hispanic black ............................ 8,210 29.2 24.6 1.2 5.9 2.3

Non-Hispanic other ............................ 2,767 17.8 11.3 5.1 2.8 2.0

– Quantity zero.

1Other operations include ovary removal, varicocele surgery, and others not shown separately.

2Includes women with missing data on type of sterilizing operation.

3Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

4GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents do not add to total who reported ‘‘any sterilizing operation’’ because some women reported more than 1 sterilizing operation.

Page 62 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 53. Number of currently married women 15–44 years of age and percent who have had a sterilizing operation, by type of operation

and percent whose husband has had a vasectomy, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands

Any

sterilizing

operation

Tubal

ligation Vasectomy Hysterectomy

Other

operations1

Percent

All women2 ................................. 29,673 41.1 23.8 14.9 6.8 3.4

Age at interview

15–19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 – – – – –

20–24 years ................................ 2,463 6.7 4.4 2.0 0.3 0.3

25–29 years ................................ 5,089 17.0 11.6 5.3 0.7 0.4

30–34 years ................................ 7,153 34.5 21.9 11.4 2.7 1.6

35–39 years ................................ 7,608 53.9 29.4 21.5 8.2 4.4

40–44 years ................................ 7,018 65.6 36.6 23.4 16.5 7.6

Parity

0 births ................................... 5,685 13.2 2.5 7.4 4.5 2.7

1 birth .................................... 6,377 18.7 7.7 7.8 5.8 3.7

2 births ................................... 10,410 52.8 30.9 20.0 7.4 3.6

3 or more births .............................. 7,201 66.2 44.8 19.7 8.7 3.5

Education at interview3

No high school diploma or GED4 ................... 2,807 52.2 39.3 9.6 8.8 5.4

High school diploma or GED ...................... 11,534 50.3 30.5 16.8 8.9 4.7

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ................. 7,163 41.2 23.1 15.8 7.5 3.7

Bachelor’s degree or higher ....................... 7,162 27.5 11.0 15 3.0 0.9

Poverty level income at interview3

0–149 percent ............................... 3,882 47.8 38.8 7.9 4.8 2.5

0–99 percent .............................. 1,954 46.0 38.6 6.5 3.4 1.1

150–299 percent ............................. 8,899 47.2 28.6 16.0 8.0 4.3

300 percent or higher ........................... 15,885 38.6 19.0 16.9 7.1 3.4

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic ................................... 3,178 36.7 28.8 5.6 5.0 3.1

Non-Hispanic white ............................ 23,077 42.0 22.4 17.5 6.8 3.3

Non-Hispanic black ............................ 2,069 46.2 36.9 3.8 11.3 5.4

Non-Hispanic other ............................ 1,349 28.3 16.3 9.2 4.8 3.4

– Quantity zero.

1Other operations include ovary removal, varicocele surgery, and others not shown separately.

2Includes women with missing data on type of sterilizing operation.

3Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

4GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents do not add to total who reported ‘‘any sterilizing operation’’ because some women reported more than 1 sterilizing operation.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 63
Table 54. Number of women who have had (or whose current husbands or cohabiting partners have had) sterilizing operations, percent who cited

the specified reasons for their operations, and percent distribution by main reason, according to type of operation: United States, 1995

Reason Tubal ligation Hysterectomy Vasectomy1

Number of women in thousands ................................. 10,659 3,023 4,606

Percent2

Woman had all the children she wanted ............................ 70.6 6.4 34.2

Husband or cohabiting partner had all the children he wanted ............... 12.2 0.9 66.3

Could not afford another baby .................................. 14.3 0.9 11.2

Had medical problems ....................................... 21.1 89.5 6.1

Medical problems with female organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 86.4 . . .

Pregnancy dangerous to woman’s health .......................... 10.9 4.8 5.0

Likely to lose baby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.6 1.1

Risk to baby’s health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 1.1 1.2

Husband or cohabiting partner had a health problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3

Had problems with birth control method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 0.7 18.4

Method dangerous to woman’s health3 ........................... 31.3 86.5 26.5

Method not liked for other reasons3 ............................. 54.2 – 62.2

Both health and other reasons3 ................................ 14.6 13.5 11.3

Main reason cited Percent distribution4

Total ................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0

Woman had all the children she wanted ............................ 63.4 4.6 59.0

Husband or cohabiting partner had all the children he wanted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 0.7 16.8

Could not afford another baby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 0.3 4.6

Had medical problems ....................................... 18.2 93.2 5.3

Had problems with birth control method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 – 11.1

Other reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 1.2 3.2

– Quantity zero.

. . . Category not applicable.

1Women reported reasons for vasectomy only if they were in relationship with their current husband or cohabiting partner at the time of his operation.

2Percents in the upper panel add to more than 100 because some women gave more than 1 reason for the sterilizing operation.

3Percent of women reporting birth control-related reasons.

4Percents in the lower panel may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Page 64 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 55. Number of women 15–44 years of age, percent who have ever received any infertility services, and percent who have ever

received the specified infertility services, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands

Any

services1 Advice

Tests on

woman or

man

Ovulation

drugs

Surgery or

treatment

for blocked

tubes

Assisted

reproductive

technology2

Percent

All women ............................. 60,201 15.4 6.4 4.2 3.0 1.5 1.0

Age at interview

15–24 years ........................... 18,002 4.4 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0

25–34 years ........................... 20,758 17.1 6.3 3.7 3.1 1.2 0.8

35–44 years ........................... 21,440 22.9 10.9 8.1 5.2 2.9 2.1

Parity, age, and marital status

0 births .............................. 25,242 6.4 4.6 3.7 2.2 1.1 1.2

15–24 years .......................... 14,113 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

25–34 years .......................... 7,139 8.7 6.5 4.6 3.0 1.0 1.1

35–44 years .......................... 3,991 20.7 15.5 14.5 8.0 4.8 5.3

Married ............................. 5,685 20.9 16.0 13.6 8.3 4.1 4.7

Unmarried ........................... 19,558 2.2 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.1

1 or more births ......................... 34,958 21.8 7.7 4.6 3.6 1.8 0.9

15–24 years .......................... 3,889 16.1 3.3 0.3 0.6 0.5 –

25–34 years .......................... 13,620 21.5 6.2 3.1 3.1 1.3 0.6

35–44 years .......................... 17,449 23.4 9.8 6.7 4.6 2.4 1.4

Married ............................. 23,988 24.1 9.2 6.0 4.6 2.1 1.1

Unmarried ........................... 10,970 16.8 4.3 1.6 1.3 0.9 0.5

Education at interview3

No high school diploma or GED4 .............. 5,424 14.9 3.3 2.0 1.2 0.7 0.2

High school diploma or GED ................. 18,169 20.0 7.8 4.9 3.9 2.0 1.1

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ............ 12,399 19.4 7.8 5.6 3.3 2.0 1.2

Bachelor’s degree or higher .................. 11,748 18.0 10.3 7.1 5.3 1.9 2.2

Poverty level income at interview3

0–149 percent .......................... 10,072 16.6 4.8 2.1 1.5 0.9 0.2

0–99 percent ......................... 5,992 14.2 4.0 1.7 0.9 0.5 0.1

150–299 percent ........................ 14,932 17.9 6.3 3.9 3.1 1.4 0.6

300 percent or higher ...................... 22,736 20.3 10.3 7.6 5.3 2.5 2.2

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 6,702 13.4 4.9 2.4 1.7 0.9 0.6

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 42,522 16.3 7.2 4.9 3.5 1.6 1.2

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 8,210 13.0 3.8 2.2 1.4 0.9 0.3

Non-Hispanic other ....................... 2,767 12.3 5.0 3.9 2.9 1.9 1.4

– Quantity zero.

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than 0.05.

1Includes services to help get pregnant as well as to help prevent miscarriage.

2Includes artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization (IVF), gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), and other techniques not shown separately.

3Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

4GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents do not add to total ever receiving ‘‘any services’’ because some women reported more than 1 service. Also ‘‘any services’’ include services to help prevent miscarriage and other

infertility services, not shown separately.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 65
Table 56. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by the number of visits for medical help to get pregnant or to

prevent miscarriage (made by her or her husband or cohabiting partner) in the 12 months prior to interview, according to selected

characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands Total

Never

had an

infertility

visit

Number of visits in last year

None

1 or more

Total 1 2

3 or

more

Percent distribution

All women1 ....................... 60,201 100.0 85.4 12.6 2.0 1.0 0.2 0.8

Age at interview

15–24 years ...................... 18,002 100.0 96.2 2.5 1.4 0.8 0.1 0.5

25–34 years ...................... 20,758 100.0 83.7 13.1 3.3 1.8 0.3 1.2

35–44 years ...................... 21,440 100.0 77.8 20.8 1.4 0.4 0.2 0.8

Parity, age, and marital status

0 births ......................... 25,242 100.0 93.7 4.1 2.2 1.0 0.3 0.9

15–24 years ..................... 14,113 100.0 98.9 0.3 1.9 0.5 0.0 1.4

25–34 years ..................... 7,139 100.0 91.4 4.5 5.1 2.2 0.6 2.3

35–44 years ..................... 3,991 100.0 79.5 16.9 3.6 0.7 0.6 2.3

Married ........................ 5,685 100.0 79.3 12.7 8.0 3.2 1.1 3.7

Unmarried ...................... 19,558 100.0 97.9 1.6 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.1

1 or more births .................... 34,958 100.0 79.2 18.9 2.0 1.0 0.2 0.8

15–24 years ..................... 3,889 100.0 86.0 10.4 3.7 1.6 0.5 1.6

25–34 years ..................... 13,620 100.0 79.6 17.7 2.7 1.6 0.1 1.0

35–44 years ..................... 17,449 100.0 77.5 21.7 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.4

Married ........................ 23,988 100.0 76.9 20.9 2.2 1.1 0.2 0.9

Unmarried ...................... 10,970 100.0 84.3 14.6 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.4

Education at interview2

No high school diploma or GED3 ......... 5,424 100.0 86.4 12.1 1.6 1.1 0.1 0.4

High school diploma or GED ............ 18,169 100.0 81.0 16.7 2.3 1.2 0.3 0.8

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ....... 12,399 100.0 81.2 16.9 2.0 0.9 0.2 0.9

Bachelor’s degree or higher ............. 11,748 100.0 82.5 14.5 3.1 1.3 0.3 1.5

Poverty level income at interview2

0–149 percent ..................... 10,072 100.0 84.7 13.9 1.4 0.7 0.3 0.4

0–99 percent .................... 5,992 100.0 86.7 11.6 1.8 0.9 0.2 0.7

150–299 percent ................... 14,932 100.0 83.2 15.2 1.7 1.1 0.1 0.5

300 percent or higher ................. 22,736 100.0 80.2 16.8 2.9 0.3 1.4 1.2

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic ......................... 6,702 100.0 87.4 10.2 2.4 1.2 0.4 0.8

Non-Hispanic white .................. 42,522 100.0 84.3 13.6 2.1 1.0 0.2 0.9

Non-Hispanic black .................. 8,210 100.0 88.2 10.3 1.6 0.9 0.2 0.5

Non-Hispanic other .................. 2,767 100.0 88.0 10.8 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.7

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than 0.05.

1Includes women with missing information on number of visits.

2Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

3GED is general equivalency exam.

NOTES: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding. Also, the ‘‘1 or more’’ category is the sum of all categories besides ‘‘Never had a visit’’ and ‘‘None in last year.’’

Page 66 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 57. Percent of singleton babies born in 1990–93 who were ever breastfed, percent distribution by duration of breastfeeding, and mean

duration of breastfeeding in weeks, according to selected characteristics of the mother: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Percent

breastfed

at all Total

Duration of breastfeeding

Mean

duration

in weeks

0–2

months

3–4

months

5 or more

months

Percent distribution

All babies1 ................................. 55.2 100.0 40.3 8.6 51.1 28.7

Age at time of birth

Under 20 years .............................. 36.0 100.0 69.7 4.5 25.8 17.5

20–24 years ................................ 46.4 100.0 46.6 12.4 41.0 24.1

25 years and over ............................. 63.0 100.0 35.0 7.8 57.3 31.5

25–29 years ............................... 56.4 100.0 39.8 8.7 51.5 28.2

30–44 years ............................... 69.1 100.0 31.3 7.1 61.6 34.0

Marital status at time of birth

Never married ............................... 31.4 100.0 54.8 8.3 36.8 20.8

Married ................................... 63.4 100.0 37.7 8.5 53.8 30.1

Formerly married ............................. 50.2 100.0 45.3 11.3 43.4 26.4

Wantedness status at conception

Intended ................................... 60.4 100.0 38.1 9.4 52.6 29.7

Mistimed .................................. 46.3 100.0 50.7 6.7 42.6 23.3

Unwanted .................................. 36.9 100.0 38.1 4.7 57.3 31.6

Region of residence at interview

Northeast .................................. 54.5 100.0 31.7 7.9 60.3 32.6

Midwest ................................... 50.8 100.0 38.6 8.1 53.3 27.9

South .................................... 45.5 100.0 48.3 7.9 43.7 26.6

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.0 100.0 40.2 9.9 49.9 28.7

Education at interview2

No high school diploma or GED3 ................... 38.9 100.0 44.9 8.8 46.4 26.8

High school diploma or GED ...................... 49.0 100.0 44.0 9.8 46.2 27.2

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ................. 63.0 100.0 43.9 7.1 49.1 26.5

Bachelor’s degree or higher ....................... 81.1 100.0 28.7 8.5 62.8 35.2

Poverty level income at interview2

0–149 percent ............................... 42.6 100.0 42.4 8.3 49.2 30.2

150–299 percent ............................. 58.1 100.0 39.5 9.6 50.8 29.4

300 percent or higher ........................... 68.2 100.0 38.8 8.1 53.1 28.3

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic ................................... 62.2 100.0 42.7 7.1 50.2 26.7

Non-Hispanic white ............................ 59.1 100.0 38.5 8.1 53.3 29.8

Non-Hispanic black ............................ 25.1 100.0 45.0 14.0 40.9 22.9

1Includes babies born to women of other race and origin groups not shown separately.

2Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

3GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTES: To compute mean duration for all ever-breastfed babies born 1990–93, babies currently being breastfed at interview were assigned the value 83 weeks, which was the mean duration of

breastfeeding for all babies born 1990–93 who were breastfed 12 months or longer. In duration of breastfeeding, 0–2 months equals 0–12 weeks, 3–4 months equals 13–20 weeks, 5 or more months

equals 21 weeks or more. Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 67
Table 58. Number of women 15–44 years of age who have ever had a live birth and percent distribution by use of maternity leave for the

most recent birth, according to selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic of the mother

Number

in

thousands Total

Not

employed

Took

maternity

leave

Did not take leave1

Not

needed

Not

offered

Other

reasons

Percent distribution

All women ............................. 34,958 100.0 48.0 37.3 2.3 0.9 11.6

Age at time of birth

15–19 years ........................... 3,436 100.0 71.9 14.8 0.7 0.1 12.5

20–24 years ........................... 10,094 100.0 52.8 29.8 1.3 1.3 14.9

25–29 years ........................... 11,629 100.0 44.8 41.1 2.7 0.8 10.5

30–44 years ........................... 9,799 100.0 38.3 48.3 3.5 0.8 9.1

Year of child’s birth

1991–95 .............................. 13,999 100.0 43.2 43.5 2.2 0.9 10.3

1981–90 .............................. 15,344 100.0 47.4 37.2 2.7 0.8 11.8

1980 and before ......................... 5,616 100.0 61.5 22.0 1.6 0.9 14.0

Marital status at time of birth

Never married .......................... 6,379 100.0 58.4 26.8 0.8 1.0 13.0

Married .............................. 26,439 100.0 44.9 40.3 2.8 0.8 11.1

Formerly married ........................ 2,140 100.0 54.3 31.1 0.8 1.3 12.5

Birth order

First ................................ 10,901 100.0 35.8 46.9 1.8 1.1 14.4

Second .............................. 13,965 100.0 47.7 38.1 2.6 1.0 10.7

Third or higher .......................... 10,092 100.0 61.5 25.8 2.5 0.4 9.7

Education at interview2

No high school diploma or GED3 .............. 4,961 100.0 69.6 16.5 0.7 0.4 12.8

High school diploma or GED ................. 14,295 100.0 48.8 36.2 1.6 1.0 12.4

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ............ 7,967 100.0 40.1 44.4 2.6 1.1 11.8

Bachelor’s degree or higher .................. 5,929 100.0 32.8 52.8 5.6 0.9 7.9

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 4,372 100.0 57.8 28.9 1.1 0.8 11.4

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 24,009 100.0 44.7 39.6 3.0 0.9 12.0

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 5,149 100.0 53.5 34.5 0.4 1.1 10.6

Non-Hispanic other ....................... 1,428 100.0 53.7 34.8 1.5 0.6 9.4

1See ‘‘Definitions of Terms’’ for description of reasons covered in each of the categories under ‘‘Did not take leave.’’

2Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

3GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTES: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Page 68 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 59. Number of women 15–44 years of age who were working most of the time the week prior to interview and have at least 1 child

under 5 years of age, and percent using the specified child care arrangement in the 4 weeks prior to interview for their youngest child, by

selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands

Other

parent or

stepparent

Grandparent

or other

relative Nonrelative

Day care

center or

preschool

Other

arrangement1

Percent

All women .................................. 6,332 13.5 32.0 30.5 28.7 4.7

Marital status

Never married ............................... 1,052 9.7 44.3 22.3 29.9 2.3

Currently married ............................. 4,510 15.5 28.4 32.3 28.0 5.3

Formerly married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770 6.6 36.1 31.3 31.3 4.1

Work status at interview

Full time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,110 13.0 30.4 31.0 31.0 3.9

Part time .................................. 1,222 15.5 38.6 28.6 19.5 7.8

Age of child

Under 1 year ................................ 1,032 12.4 31.4 38.5 16.2 5.2

1 year .................................... 1,450 13.6 39.8 31.8 17.3 5.6

2 years ................................... 1,613 14.8 29.5 35.1 27.0 4.1

3 years ................................... 1,171 13.5 28.5 25.4 39.2 3.3

4 years ................................... 1,066 12.2 29.4 19.7 47.5 19.1

Education at interview2

No high school diploma or GED3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 15.3 42.7 27.4 17.1 5.8

High school diploma or GED ...................... 2,480 13.2 34.2 29.8 25.4 4.1

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ................. 1,538 12.0 30.1 33.1 30.3 5.2

Bachelor’s degree or higher ....................... 1,419 13.2 22.0 34.9 38.3 4.6

Poverty level income at interview2

0–149 percent ............................... 1,089 14.8 40.0 21.5 21.6 6.7

0–99 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 15.0 43.7 19.7 14.8 8.5

150–299 percent ............................. 2,031 16.0 33.8 26.6 28.5 3.9

300 percent or higher ........................... 2,772 10.2 25.1 39.5 32.5 4.3

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842 15.4 37.3 27.8 16.8 6.6

Non-Hispanic white ............................ 4,322 13.3 28.6 34.7 30.4 4.5

Non-Hispanic black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914 10.2 36.3 19.7 36.6 2.5

Non-Hispanic other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 21.3 56.5 7.8 11.8 8.5

1Other arrangements include child’s sibling; child cares for self; school (regular hours); before- or after-school care/program; respondent while she was working; and other arrangements not shown

separately.

2Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time interview.

3GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may add to more than 100 because some women reported more than 1 type of child care arrangement.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 69
Table 60. Number of women 15–44 years of age who were not working the week prior to interview and have at least 1 child under 5 years of

age, and percent regularly using the specified child care arrangement in the 4 weeks prior to interview for their youngest child, by selected

characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands

Grandparent

or other

relative Nonrelative

Day care

center or

preschool None

Other

arrangement1

Percent

All women .................................. 7,138 6.1 5.3 7.6 80.0 3.7

Marital status

Never married ............................... 1,541 8.5 4.3 8.3 75.3 4.4

Currently married ............................. 4,846 5.3 5.4 7.0 81.7 3.5

Formerly married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751 5.9 7.2 10.3 77.6 3.2

Age of child

Under 1 year ................................ 2,087 5.8 3.7 2.0 86.3 3.1

1 year .................................... 1,617 6.1 6.3 4.0 82.0 4.1

2 years ................................... 1,556 6.1 5.5 7.8 79.0 2.4

3 years ................................... 1,054 6.5 5.6 17.0 69.3 2.6

4 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823 6.0 6.7 16.4 74.6 8.3

Education at interview2

No high school diploma or GED3 ................... 1,394 2.6 0.5 2.8 91.7 1.9

High school diploma or GED ...................... 2,566 5.7 4.5 8.7 80.4 3.8

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ................. 1,243 7.0 6.5 10.1 77.6 3.4

Bachelor’s degree or higher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953 3.4 14.5 8.7 73.1 5.6

Poverty level income at interview2

0–149 percent ............................... 2,706 4.7 2.9 5.6 86.2 1.6

0–99 percent .............................. 1,959 4.5 3.4 6.9 85.1 1.1

150–299 percent ............................. 1,704 5.0 2.6 7.8 83.5 2.7

300 percent or higher ........................... 1,747 5.2 12.5 10.7 71.4 7.5

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic ................................... 1,225 3.8 2.7 3.1 88.4 2.3

Non-Hispanic white ............................ 4,480 5.9 6.5 7.9 79.0 4.0

Non-Hispanic black ............................ 1,073 7.8 4.4 12.8 72.6 2.9

Non-Hispanic other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 10.9 2.9 3.8 83.7 7.0

1Other arrangements include child’s brother/sister; child cares for self; school (regular hours); before- or after-school care/program; respondent while she was working; other parent or stepparent; and

other arrangements not shown separately.

2Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

3GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 because some women reported more than 1 type of child care arrangement.

Page 70 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 61. Number of women 15–44 years of age who were working most of the time the week prior to interview and whose youngest child is

5–12 years of age, and percent using the specified child care arrangement in the 4 weeks prior to interview for their youngest child, by

selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands

Other

parent or

stepparent

Grandparent

or other

relative

Nonrelative

Day care

center or

preschool

Brother

or

sister

Child

cares

for self

School

(regular

hours)

Other

arrangement1

Percent

All women ........................ 7,493 16.5 22.4 13.3 14.8 13.6 5.9 14.2 9.1

Marital status

Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653 8.7 39.6 14.3 16.8 6.8 3.3 13.2 4.5

Currently married ................... 5,189 20.7 17.2 12.8 13.2 14.2 6.0 15.1 10.5

Formerly married ................... 1,651 6.4 32.1 14.3 19.1 14.4 6.5 11.7 6.6

Work status at interview

Full time ......................... 5,933 16.8 22.7 14.5 16.8 14.4 6.5 10.3 9.1

Part time ........................ 1,561 15.5 21.5 8.5 7.3 10.4 3.5 28.9 9.1

Age of child

5–6 years ........................ 2,234 17.0 28.6 16.3 30.1 3.9 0.8 8.4 7.0

7–8 years ........................ 2,036 18.1 19.7 17.4 12.2 11.2 2.9 15.1 12.6

9–10 years ....................... 1,652 17.1 23.6 11.9 9.9 17.8 2.6 18.7 9.2

11–12 years ...................... 1,571 13.1 15.9 5.1 1.6 26.0 20.3 16.7 7.5

Education at interview2

No high school diploma or GED3 . . . . . . . . . 718 19.6 24.0 11.2 5.9 18.1 2.8 14.7 7.8

High school diploma or GED ............ 3,237 17.3 25.0 11.7 12.7 13.5 5.6 13.4 8.7

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ....... 1,968 14.4 21.6 13.7 17.8 16.1 7.5 11.6 9.3

Bachelor’s degree or higher ............. 1,553 16.3 17.1 17.1 19.3 8.6 5.8 19.0 10.5

Poverty level income at interview2

0–149 percent ..................... 1,207 16.7 29.0 12.6 12.4 14.0 1.8 15.8 4.4

0–99 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570 15.4 33.3 11.6 8.0 15.4 1.0 16.6 3.1

150–299 percent ................... 2,911 15.4 24.0 11.6 12.5 14.4 5.7 15.7 8.5

300 percent or higher ................. 3,358 17.5 18.5 15.0 17.6 12.8 7.4 12.3 11.4

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735 18.0 32.6 13.5 8.7 10.4 1.8 10.0 10.8

Non-Hispanic white .................. 5,277 18.0 18.9 14.4 16.3 14.9 6.4 14.3

Non-Hispanic black .................. 1,189 9.9 27.9 9.1 11.1 10.3 6.0 19.2 8.5

Non-Hispanic other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 13.4 37.2 9.5 18.6 12.1 5.7 2.9 2.6

1Other arrangements include before- or after-school care/program, respondent while she was working, and other arrangments not shown separately.

2Limited to women 22–44 years at time of interview.

3GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may add to more than 100 because some women reported more than 1 type of child care arrangement.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 71
Table 62. Number of women 15–44 years of age who were not working the week prior to interview and whose youngest child is 5–12 years

of age, and percent regularly using the specified child care arrangement in the 4 weeks prior to interview for their youngest child, by

selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands

Grandparent

or other

relative

Nonrelative

Day care

center or

preschool None

Other

arrangement1

Percent

All women .................................. 3,684 6.3 3.4 2.4 85.5 3.0

Marital status

Never married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496 6.2 1.4 5.5 81.2 2.0

Currently married ............................. 2,518 5.1 3.9 1.2 89.0 1.7

Formerly married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670 11.2 2.9 4.8 75.9 8.9

Age of child

5–8 years .................................. 2,245 6.1 4.4 4.0 84.2 2.7

9–12 years ................................. 1,438 6.8 1.7 – 87.6 3.6

Education at interview2

No high school diploma or GED3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847 4.9 – 2.3 90.5 2.4

High school diploma or GED ...................... 1,381 5.6 1.8 2.0 88.2 2.7

Some college, no bachelor’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802 9.4 6.0 5.0 77.1 4.8

Bachelor’s degree or higher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635 6.0 7.3 0.4 85.2 2.7

Poverty level income at interview2

0–149 percent ............................... 1,412 6.3 0.9 3.8 87.0 1.7

0–99 percent .............................. 1,051 7.8 0.7 4.9 84.1 2.0

150–299 percent ............................. 1,168 5.5 2.9 1.5 88.2 3.9

300 percent or higher ........................... 1,086 7.5 6.7 1.8 81.7 4.0

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 9.2 2.2 3.9 82.6 4.9

Non-Hispanic white ............................ 2,329 6.9 4.2 1.7 85.1 3.2

Non-Hispanic black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593 3.4 1.4 4.7 86.6 1.4

Non-Hispanic other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 – 2.7 – 97.3 –

– Quantity zero.

1Includes child’s brother/sister; child cares for self; school (regular hours); before- or after-school care/program; respondent while she was working; other parent or stepparent; and other arrangements

not shown separately.

2Limited to women 22–44 years at time of interview.

3GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may add to more than 100 because some women reported more than 1 type of child care arrangement.

Page 72 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 63. Number of women 15–44 years of age who were working the week prior to interview, with at least 1 child under 13 years of age

and mean amount paid per week for child care, by number of children and selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in thousands Percent

with no

payment

for

child care

Mean amount paid (in dollars)

per week for child care1

One

child

Two

children

Three or

more

children

One

child

Two

children

Three or

more

children

All women2 ............................ 8,691 5,932 2,084 50.7 58 80 82

Marital status

Never married .......................... 1,365 414 142 44.1 59 57 49

Currently married ........................ 5,831 4,730 1,603 51.8 61 84 84

Formerly married ........................ 1,496 788 340 50.5 46 68 83

Work status at interview

Full time .............................. 6,310 3,987 1,249 43.9 61 87 93

Part time ............................. 2,381 1,945 835 65.8 45 58 58

Age of youngest child

Under 5 years .......................... 3,727 2,834 1,425 33.4 66 90 86

5–12 years ............................ 4,964 3,098 659 66.4 45 62 68

Education at interview3

No high school diploma or GED4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669 477 226 65.3 42 57 60

High school diploma or GED ................. 3,324 2,452 932 54.8 50 69 70

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ............ 2,350 1,533 475 48.0 57 79 79

Bachelor’s degree or higher .................. 1,853 1,386 432 41.1 75 101 113

Poverty level income at interview3

0–149 percent .......................... 1,074 1,132 622 58.8 40 51 55

0–99 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494 519 353 64.2 41 45 62

150–299 percent ........................ 3,077 2,136 794 57.3 49 61 62

300 percent or higher ...................... 4,045 2,580 649 42.1 67 100 115

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 884 622 335 49.4 49 69 73

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 6,233 4,361 1,395 50.1 59 82 85

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 1,250 720 277 52.5 54 66 67

1Limited to women who reported any payment for child care. Mean amount paid refers to mean of the ‘‘typical’’ weekly payment for child care.

2Includes women with missing information on child care payment, and women of other race and origin groups not shown separately.

3Limited to women 22–44 years at time of interview.

4GED is general equivalency diploma.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 73
Table 64. Number of women 15–44 years of age who were not working the week prior to interview, with at least 1child under 13 years of age

and mean amount paid per week for child care, by number of children and selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in thousands

Percent

with no

payment for

child care

Mean amount paid (in dollars)

per week for child care1

1

child

2

children

3 or

more

children

1

child

2

children

3 or

more

children

All women2 ............................ 4,391 4,027 2,403 82.3 47 44 47

Marital status

Never married .......................... 1,092 555 389 87.8 45 * *

Currently married ........................ 2,692 2,966 1,705 80.5 47 45 51

Formerly married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607 506 308 84.2 * * *

Age of youngest child

Under 5 years .......................... 2,533 2,607 1,998 78.9 51 46 48

5 years and over ........................ 1,858 1,420 405 88.9 38 38 *

Education at interview3

No high school diploma or GED4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786 679 776 94.2 * * *

High school diploma or GED ................. 1,441 1,544 963 82.8 46 31 38

Some college, no bachelor’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . 815 856 374 78.8 52 43 *

Bachelor’s degree or higher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590 771 228 67.9 61 56 *

Poverty level income at interview3

0–149 percent .......................... 1,292 1,461 1,364 89.8 44 30 42

0–99 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922 1,020 1,067 89.5 49 31 37

150–299 percent ........................ 1,125 1,175 572 80.3 44 40 50

300 percent or higher ...................... 1,214 1,214 405 72.9 55 52 *

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668 607 535 89.3 * * *

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 2,727 2,727 1,356 79.6 47 44 52

Non-Hispanic black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754 518 394 85.8 49 54 *

* Figure does not meet standard of reliability or precision.

1Limited to women who reported any payment for child care. Mean amount paid refers to mean of the ‘‘typical’’ weekly payment for child care.

2Includes women with missing information on child care payment, and women of other race and origin groups not shown separately.

3Limited to women 22–44 years at time of interview.

4GED is general equivalency diploma.

Page 74 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 65. Number of women 18–44 years of age and percent who have ever lived with and cared for a child to whom they did not give birth,

by to the child’s relationship to them and selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands

Any

child1 Stepchild

Child of

relative,

friend, or

partner

Foster

child

Adopted

child

Percent

All women2 ................................. 54,748 11.1 3.3 5.7 0.9 0.9

Age at interview

18–19 years ................................ 3,508 1.9 – 1.6 – –

20–24 years ................................ 9,041 4.3 0.8 2.4 0.1 0.1

25–29 years ................................ 9,693 8.2 1.6 5.2 0.8 0.3

30–34 years ................................ 11,065 11.1 3.4 6.7 0.6 0.5

35–39 years ................................ 11,211 16.0 5.7 7.3 1.7 1.7

40–44 years ................................ 10,230 17.5 5.7 7.8 1.2 2.0

Marital status

Never married ............................... 17,300 5.2 0.0 4.1 0.3 0.1

Currently married ............................. 29,600 13.5 5.3 5.7 1.1 1.2

Formerly married ............................. 7,849 14.9 3.2 9.2 1.1 1.2

Parity

0 births ................................... 19,998 8.0 2.3 4.1 0.3 1.2

1 birth .................................... 10,502 12.2 4.9 5.5 0.7 0.6

2 births ................................... 13,871 12.9 3.7 6.9 1.1 0.8

3 or more births .............................. 10,377 13.5 3.3 7.4 1.7 0.5

Education at interview3

No high school diploma or GED4 ................... 5,424 14.2 3.2 9.0 1.5 0.7

High school diploma or GED ...................... 18,169 14.1 4.3 7.4 0.9 0.9

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ................. 12,399 13.7 4.3 7.2 1.1 1.1

Bachelor’s degree or higher ....................... 11,748 7.4 2.8 2.6 0.7 1.1

Poverty level income at interview3

0–149 percent ............................... 10,080 12.7 2.7 8.0 1.3 0.4

0–99 percent .............................. 5,992 12.8 1.9 9.0 1.4 0.4

150–299 percent ............................. 14,932 13.0 4.0 6.9 1.3 0.8

300 percent or higher ........................... 22,736 11.8 4.2 5.3 0.6 1.4

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic ................................... 6,015 11.5 2.5 6.3 0.8 0.6

Non-Hispanic white ............................ 38,987 10.8 3.8 4.9 1.3 0.9

Non-Hispanic black ............................ 7,357 12.9 1.9 9.1 0.8 1.0

Non-Hispanic other ............................ 2,390 9.3 2.1 6.5 0.4 0.5

– Quantity zero.

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than 0.05.

1Includes children with other relationships not shown separately.

2Includes women with missing information on other children raised.

3Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

4GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to ‘‘Any child’’ total because some women lived with and cared for more than 1 child not born to them.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 75
Table 66. Number of women 18–44 years of age, percent who are seeking to adopt a child, and percent who have taken specified steps

toward adoption, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands

Currently

seeking

to adopt

Steps toward adoption

Applied to

an agency

Got a

lawyer

Percent

All women1 ...................................... 54,748 0.9 0.2 0.0

Age at interview

18–29 years ..................................... 22,243 0.4 0.0 –

30–34 years ..................................... 11,065 0.9 0.1 –

35–39 years ..................................... 11,211 1.6 0.4 0.1

40–44 years ..................................... 10,230 1.3 0.3 0.2

Marital status

Never married .................................... 17,300 0.6 0.0 –

Currently married .................................. 29,600 1.1 0.2 0.1

Formerly married .................................. 7,849 1.1 0.2 –

Parity

0 births ........................................ 19,998 1.1 0.2 0.1

1 birth ......................................... 10,502 0.9 0.2 0.1

2 births ........................................ 13,871 0.5 0.0 –

3 or more births ................................... 10,377 1.1 0.2 –

Ever used infertility services

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,217 1.8 0.4 0.2

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,387 0.8 0.1 0.0

Education at interview2

No high school diploma or GED3 ........................ 5,424 1.9 0.5 –

High school diploma or GED ........................... 18,169 0.8 0.2 0.1

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ...................... 12,399 0.8 0.1 0.1

Bachelor’s degree or higher ............................ 11,748 1.0 0.0 0.1

Poverty level income at interview2

0–149 percent .................................... 10,080 1.0 0.3 –

0–99 percent ................................... 5,992 1.2 0.4 –

150–299 percent .................................. 14,932 0.7 0.1 –

300 percent or higher ................................ 22,736 1.1 0.2 0.1

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic ........................................ 6,015 1.2 0.4 –

Non-Hispanic white ................................. 38,987 0.7 0.1 0.1

Non-Hispanic black ................................. 7,357 1.8 0.2 0.0

Non-Hispanic other ................................. 2,390 1.8 0.3 0.3

– Quantity zero.

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than 0.05.

1Includes women with missing information on adoption or infertility services.

2Limited to women 22–44 years at of age at time of interview.

3GED is general equivalency diploma.

Page 76 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 67. Number of currently married women 15–44 years of age and percent reporting the specified sources of coverage for health

insurance, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands1

Not

covered

Woman’s

employer

Husband’s

employer Medicaid

CHAMPUS/

CHAMPVA2

Selfpaid

Percent

All women ............................. 29,673 9.1 38.3 46.7 8.5 3.0 5.5

Age at interview

15–24 years ........................... 2,805 15.5 27.6 31.2 25.9 6.6 2.9

25–29 years ........................... 5,089 10.1 40.0 41.7 11.7 3.5 4.5

30–34 years ........................... 7,153 10.0 39.0 45.0 8.0 1.9 6.0

35–39 years ........................... 7,608 7.7 38.0 51.2 5.2 2.2 6.1

40–44 years ........................... 7,018 6.6 41.1 53.1 3.6 3.2 6.2

Work status at interview

Full time .............................. 14,714 6.7 57.9 41.6 3.1 2.3 4.2

Part time ............................. 5,428 11.6 20.7 58.8 6.5 2.6 7.1

Not working ............................ 9,531 11.5 18.2 47.5 18.1 4.3 6.6

Residence at interview

Metropolitan, central city .................... 7,102 11.4 39.9 39.6 11.0 3.8 4.5

Metropolitan, suburb ...................... 15,880 7.8 39.2 49.8 6.2 3.0 5.3

Nonmetropolitan ......................... 6,691 10.0 34.6 46.6 11.5 2.2 7.2

Education at interview3

No high school diploma or GED4 .............. 2,807 13.3 21.5 30.8 25.6 2.0 2.7

High school diploma or GED ................. 11,534 9.4 36.8 48.2 9.0 2.7 5.5

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ............ 7,163 8.1 41.7 47.8 4.2 4.1 5.6

Bachelor’s degree or higher .................. 7,162 2.6 46.8 52.3 1.8 2.0 6.8

Poverty level income at interview3

0–149 percent .......................... 3,882 24.0 17.0 24.4 38.6 1.5 3.3

0–99 percent ......................... 1,954 27.2 11.6 15.6 50.5 1.5 2.0

150–299 percent ........................ 8,899 12.2 33.5 47.0 5.3 4.9 5.1

300 percent or higher ...................... 15,885 3.0 47.6 53.3 1.3 2.0 6.4

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 3,178 21.0 31.5 28.3 21.1 2.5 3.2

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 23,077 7.5 38.9 49.9 6.4 2.7 6.0

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 2,069 9.3 42.3 41.1 13.2 5.0 2.7

Non-Hispanic other ....................... 1,349 8.6 38.8 42.5 9.1 6.0 6.5

1Includes other sources of health insurance coverage not shown separately.

2CHAMPUS is the civilian health and medical program of the uniformed services; CHAMPVA is the Veterans’ Administration civilian health and medical program.

3Limited to women 22–44 years at time of interview.

4GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents do not add to 100 because respondents could report more than 1 source of coverage.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 77
Table 68. Number of unmarried women 15–44 years of age and percent reporting the specified sources of coverage for health insurance, by

selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands Not covered

Woman’s

employer Parents Medicaid

CHAMPUS/

CHAMPVA1

SelfpaidOther

source2

Percent

All women ........................... 30,528 14.1 33.9 25.1 22.8 1.9 3.6 4.4

Age at interview

15–19 years ......................... 8,619 11.0 2.9 67.0 18.2 2.0 0.9 1.7

20–24 years ......................... 6,578 18.6 26.4 27.2 21.9 3.0 4.9 3.8

25–29 years ......................... 4,604 21.1 53.6 1.6 27.5 1.2 3.7 5.7

30–34 years ......................... 3,912 14.1 51.3 0.1 29.7 1.5 4.5 6.0

35–39 years ......................... 3,603 15.9 52.1 0.1 25.6 0.9 4.1 8.3

40–44 years ......................... 3,212 13.8 62.4 0.1 18.8 1.8 6.0 4.8

Marital status

Never married ........................ 22,679 13.6 29.0 33.8 20.5 1.9 3.5 2.3

Formerly married ...................... 7,849 15.6 47.8 . . . 29.4 1.9 3.7 10.3

Work status at interview

Full time ............................ 13,091 13.9 66.0 6.1 10.7 1.6 4.2 3.6

Part time ........................... 6,218 18.1 12.3 44.5 18.7 2.5 3.7 5.2

Not working .......................... 11,219 12.1 8.4 36.4 39.4 1.9 2.7 4.8

Residence at interview

Metropolitan, central city .................. 11,448 14.2 33.3 19.1 29.7 1.9 4.0 3.5

Metropolitan, suburb .................... 13,423 12.9 37.6 28.5 16.2 1.9 3.6 5.2

Nonmetropolitan ....................... 5,657 16.6 26.1 29.2 24.5 1.8 2.8 4.2

Education at interview3

No high school diploma or GED4 ............ 2,617 19.7 17.0 0.1 61.7 1.0 1.4 3.3

High school diploma or GED ............... 6,635 16.2 47.9 0.5 32.0 1.6 3.4 6.4

Some college, no bachelor’s degree .......... 5,236 15.1 53.0 8.8 17.0 2.1 5.0 6.7

Bachelor’s degree or higher ................ 4,586 8.5 71.8 5.4 4.9 0.9 8.6 4.2

Poverty level income at interview3

0–149 percent ........................ 6,190 15.7 19.0 4.0 57.6 1.3 2.3 7.4

0–99 percent ....................... 4,038 15.3 9.6 4.5 69.3 0.8 1.4 6.2

150–299 percent ...................... 6,033 17.1 58.4 2.9 15.5 1.8 6.1 5.1

300 percent or higher .................... 6,851 11.3 72.9 4.7 5.2 1.4 6.0 4.2

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic ............................ 3,524 20.7 28.1 17.2 33.5 0.8 1.0 2.7

Non-Hispanic white ..................... 19,445 13.2 36.1 29.7 14.7 1.8 4.5 2.5

Non-Hispanic black ..................... 6,141 12.7 31.3 14.0 42.7 2.5 2.1 5.1

Non-Hispanic other ..................... 1,418 16.4 28.3 29.9 21.4 2.3 3.2 7.0

. . . Category not applicable.

1CHAMPUS is the civilian health and medical program of the uniformed services; CHAMPVA is the Veterans Administration civilian health and medical program.

2Other sources include school, partner’s insurance, former husband’s insurance, and other sources not shown separately.

3Limited to women 22–44 years at time of interview.

4GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents do not add to 100 because respondents could report more than 1 source of coverage.

Page 78 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 69. Number of women 15–44 years of age who had a live birth in 1991–95 and percent distribution by method of payment for the most

recent delivery, according to selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands Total

Own

income

only

Insurance

only

Own income

and

insurance

Medicaid

at all

Other

government

sources at all

All

other

sources

Percent distribution

All women1 .......................... 13,999 100.0 6.8 37.3 21.2 33.6 0.7 0.4

Age at time of birth

Under 20 years ....................... 1,535 100.0 4.0 20.6 5.6 67.5 1.8 0.5

20–24 years ......................... 3,402 100.0 5.1 27.9 13.5 51.5 1.4 0.6

25–29 years ......................... 4,212 100.0 8.3 40.7 24.3 26.3 0.3 0.0

30–44 years ......................... 4,850 100.0 7.5 46.2 28.9 16.5 0.2 0.5

Birth order

First .............................. 5,342 100.0 7.4 38.5 19.9 32.2 1.2 0.7

Second ............................ 4,865 100.0 6.0 39.1 26.4 28.2 0.2 0.2

Third or higher ........................ 3,792 100.0 7.0 33.3 16.5 42.3 0.7 0.3

Wantedness status at conception

Intended ............................ 9,618 100.0 7.2 41.0 25.4 25.5 0.4 0.4

Mistimed ........................... 3,052 100.0 5.3 31.3 12.4 48.9 1.8 0.3

Unwanted ........................... 1,308 100.0 6.9 25.1 11.3 55.8 0.2 0.3

Marital status at time of birth

Never married ........................ 3,124 100.0 2.8 20.1 6.5 68.0 1.7 0.9

Married ............................ 10,087 100.0 8.1 44.1 27.0 20.1 0.4 0.2

Formerly married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788 100.0 4.9 18.9 5.3 69.2 1.1 0.7

Residence at interview

Metropolitan, central city .................. 4,388 100.0 7.2 32.7 14.5 44.5 0.4 0.7

Metropolitan, suburban ................... 6,677 100.0 6.9 44.3 23.6 24.2 0.8 0.3

Nonmetropolitan ....................... 2,933 100.0 6.1 28.4 26.0 38.5 0.9 0.1

Education at interview2

No high school diploma or GED3 ............ 1,791 100.0 5.5 20.8 2.7 70.3 0.6 0.1

High school diploma or GED ............... 5,036 100.0 5.6 38.0 21.8 33.4 0.8 0.4

Some college, no bachelor’s degree .......... 2,984 100.0 9.1 44.1 27.6 18.5 0.8 –

Bachelor’s degree or higher ................ 2,589 100.0 9.0 49.5 35.5 5.4 0.1 0.5

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic ............................ 2,134 100.0 7.3 27.6 8.3 56.3 0.5 –

Non-Hispanic white ..................... 9,275 100.0 7.5 42.1 26.1 23.0 0.9 0.4

Non-Hispanic black ..................... 1,916 100.0 3.0 26.3 7.6 62.0 – 1.1

Non-Hispanic other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674 100.0 6.7 33.5 33.5 25.5 0.9 –

– Quantity zero.

0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than 0.05.

1Includes women for whom wantedness status was inapplicable. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

2Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

3GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTES: In classifying method of payment in these 6 mutually exclusive categories, first priority was given to any mention of Medicaid, and second priority was given to any mention of other

government sources. Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 79
Table 70. Number of women 15–24 years of age, percent who ever received family planning services, and percent who received the

specified services at first family planning visit, by selected characteristics of the woman: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands

Ever

received

family

planning

services1

Services received at first visit1

Birth

control

method

Birth

control

counseling

Birth

control

checkup

or test

Percent

All women2 ................................... 18,002 58.6 50.8 39.9 40.2

Never had intercourse ............................ 5,538 11.6 7.7 7.3 6.1

Ever had intercourse2,3 ........................... 12,464 79.5 69.9 54.4 55.4

Age at first visit:

Under 18 years .............................. 5,929 100.0 87.3 70.2 70.5

18–19 years ............................... 2,501 100.0 89.8 69.1 71.5

20–24 years ............................... 1,480 100.0 86.9 60.3 62.8

Timing of first visit:

Before first intercourse ......................... 2,855 100.0 87.6 69.5 71.1

After first intercourse .......................... 7,008 100.0 87.9 68.4 69.2

Provider for first visit:

Clinic .................................... 4,536 100.0 89.0 74.9 74.0

Private doctor or HMO4 ........................ 4,814 100.0 89.6 63.6 68.7

Other place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 100.0 75.2 67.3 49.6

Poverty level income at interview:5

0–149 percent .............................. 2,502 85.7 74.9 58.6 59.3

150–299 percent ............................. 2,815 89.2 81.1 60.4 62.6

300 percent or more .......................... 2,651 88.7 80.5 59.3 65.3

Race and Hispanic origin:

Hispanic .................................. 1,644 74.4 60.9 48.5 47.4

Non-Hispanic white ........................... 8,269 79.9 71.5 54.1 58.2

Non-Hispanic black ........................... 2,074 83.1 73.1 58.7 53.4

1First family planning visit refers to first receipt of any of the following family planning services from a medical care provider: sterilization operation, birth control method, check up or medical test for

birth control, counseling about birth control, or counseling about getting sterilized.

2Includes women of other race and origin groups not shown separately.

3Ever had (voluntary) sexual intercourse after first menstrual period.

4HMO is health maintenance organization.

5Limited to women 20–24 years of age at time of interview.

NOTE: Percents do not add to 100 because women could report more than 1 service at first visit.

Page 80 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 71. Number of women 15–24 years of age, percent who ever received family planning services, and percent who used the specified

provider for first family planning visit, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands

Ever

received

family

planning

services1

Provider for first family planning visit1

Clinic

Private

doctor or

HMO2 Other3

Percent

All women4 ................................... 18,002 58.6 25.8 29.2 3.1

Never had intercourse ............................ 5,538 11.6 * 8.1 *

Ever had intercourse4,5 ........................... 12,464 79.5 36.4 38.6 3.8

Age at first visit:

Under 18 years .............................. 5,929 100.0 49.8 46.0 2.8

18–19 years ............................... 2,501 100.0 41.4 52.4 *

20–24 years ............................... 1,480 100.0 37.2 52.5 *

Timing of first visit:

Before first intercourse ......................... 2,770 100.0 42.2 54.5 *

After first intercourse .......................... 7,008 100.0 47.8 46.8 5.4

Poverty level income at interview:6

0–149 percent .............................. 2,502 85.7 43.6 37.5 *

150–299 percent ............................. 2,815 89.2 38.4 43.7 *

300 percent or more .......................... 2,651 88.7 33.5 50.5 *

Race and Hispanic origin:

Hispanic .................................. 1,644 74.4 36.9 30.4 *

Non-Hispanic white ........................... 8,269 79.9 34.1 42.1 3.1

Non-Hispanic black ........................... 2,074 83.1 44.9 33.4 *

*Figure does not meet standard of reliability or precision.

1First family planning visit refers to first receipt of any of the following family planning services from a medical care provider: sterilization operation, birth control method, check up or medical test for

birth control, counseling about birth control, or counseling about getting sterilized.

2HMO is health maintenance organization.

3‘‘Other’’ providers include school health center, military facility, and others not shown separately.

4Includes women of other race and origin groups not shown separately.

5Ever had (voluntary) sexual intercourse after first menstrual period.

6Limited to women 20–24 years of age at time of interview.

NOTE: Due to rounding, percents may not add to total who ‘‘ever received family planning services.’’

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 81
Table 72. Number of women 15–24 years of age who have ever used the specified type of provider for first family planning visit and percent

distribution by selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic Total

Ever

received

family

planning

services1

Provider for first family planning visit1

Clinic

Private

doctor or

HMO2

Number in thousands

All women3 ........................................ 12,464 9,910 4,530 4,814

Percent distribution

Age at first visit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 100.0 100.0 100.0

Under 18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 59.8 65.0 56.6

18–19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 25.2 22.8 27.2

20–24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 14.9 12.1 16.1

Timing of first visit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 100.0 100.0 100.0

Before first intercourse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 29.0 25.9 31.5

After first intercourse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 71.1 74.1 68.5

Poverty level income at interview4 .......................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

0–149 percent ..................................... 30.6 30.6 35.7 26.7

150–299 percent ................................... 35.8 35.5 35.4 35.1

300 percent or more ................................. 33.6 33.6 29.0 38.2

Race and Hispanic origin3 ............................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Hispanic ........................................ 13.2 12.4 13.3 10.2

Non-Hispanic white .................................. 66.3 66.7 62.4 72.2

Non-Hispanic black .................................. 16.6 17.4 20.4 14.2

. . . Category not applicable.

1First family planning visit refers to first receipt of any of the following services from a medical care provider: sterilization operation, birth control method, checkup or medical test for birth control,

counseling about birth control, or counseling about getting sterilized.

2HMO is health maintenance organization.

3Includes women of other race and origin groups not shown separately.

4Limited to women 20–24 years of age at time of interview.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Page 82 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 73. Number of women 15–44 years of age, percent who received at least 1 family planning service from a medical care provider in the

12 months prior to interview, and percent who received specified services, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

At least

1 family

planning

service1

Services received in past 12 months

Birth

control

method

Birth

control

counseling

Birth

control

checkup

or test

Sterilization

counseling

Sterilization

operation

Percent

All women ............................. 60,201 32.9 27.4 14.5 22.2 3.3 1.9

Age at interview

15–19 years ........................... 8,961 28.5 24.6 17.3 20.5 * *

15–17 years .......................... 5,452 21.9 18.3 14.5 14.8 * *

18–19 years .......................... 3,508 38.6 34.5 21.8 29.4 * *

20–24 years ........................... 9,041 54.7 48.5 26.0 38.8 2.0 *

25–29 years ........................... 9,693 49.8 42.5 19.8 33.4 4.2 3.1

30–34 years ........................... 11,065 36.3 30.2 14.9 24.5 5.2 2.5

35–39 years ........................... 11,211 20.1 14.6 7.2 12.6 4.1 2.6

40–44 years ........................... 10,230 12.0 7.9 4.2 6.6 3.2 1.9

Marital status

Never married .......................... 22,679 36.6 31.7 17.7 26.3 1.4 0.7

Currently married ........................ 29,673 31.0 24.8 12.2 19.5 4.4 2.6

Formerly married ........................ 7,849 29.8 24.8 13.5 20.8 4.9 3.1

Parity

0 births .............................. 25,242 36.4 32.5 16.6 26.8 0.8 *

1 birth ............................... 10,706 42.3 36.9 19.3 28.3 2.7 *

2 births .............................. 13,875 27.4 20.8 12.0 17.4 5.5 2.6

3 or more births ......................... 10,377 22.2 14.0 7.6 11.3 7.4 5.8

Poverty level income at interview2

0–149 percent .......................... 10,072 31.3 23.3 13.5 19.5 5.6 4.2

0–99 percent ......................... 5,992 32.4 23.2 14.9 20.4 6.3 5.0

150–299 percent ........................ 14,932 30.2 25.1 13.1 20.4 3.7 2.3

300 percent or more ...................... 22,736 34.0 28.9 12.7 22.8 3.5 1.7

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 6,702 32.7 25.0 15.1 20.1 3.9 2.8

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 42,522 33.7 28.7 14.2 23.4 3.1 1.7

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 8,210 33.3 26.1 16.4 20.6 4.1 3.0

Non-Hispanic other ....................... 2,767 21.5 17.3 10.7 15.0 2.8 1.1

*Figure does not meet standard of reliability or precision.

1Family planning services include sterilizing operation, birth control method, checkup or medical test for birth control, counseling about birth control, or counseling about getting sterilized.

2Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

NOTE: Percents do not add to total who received ‘‘at least 1 family planning service’’ because women could report more than 1 service in the 12 months prior to interview.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 83
Table 74. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent who received the specified medical services from a medical care provider in

the 12 months prior to interview, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands

Pregnancy

test

Pap

smear

Pelvic

exam

HIV

test1

Other STD2

test or

treatment

Test or

treatment for

infection3

Percent

All women ............................. 60,201 16.0 61.9 61.3 17.3 7.6 21.0

Age at interview

15–19 years ........................... 8,961 16.1 33.5 32.4 14.6 9.4 16.9

15–17 years .......................... 5,452 11.4 23.0 23.4 12.1 7.1 12.2

18–19 years .......................... 3,508 23.3 49.9 46.4 18.5 13.0 24.2

20–24 years ........................... 9,041 27.4 68.7 66.5 23.7 14.0 28.1

25–29 years ........................... 9,693 25.3 70.9 69.3 23.6 10.3 25.7

30–34 years ........................... 11,065 17.4 69.5 70.3 18.5 6.5 21.8

35–39 years ........................... 11,211 8.1 62.9 62.6 14.2 4.7 19.2

40–44 years ........................... 10,230 4.3 62.7 63.2 10.0 2.2 15.1

Marital status

Never married .......................... 22,679 15.5 52.1 49.8 18.9 10.7 20.1

Currently married ........................ 29,673 17.3 68.5 69.0 14.5 4.7 20.9

Formerly married ........................ 7,849 12.4 64.8 65.3 23.1 9.7 24.2

Poverty level income at interview4

0–149 percent .......................... 10,072 18.6 57.6 57.5 23.1 9.9 23.9

0–99 percent ......................... 5,992 19.8 56.6 56.0 25.8 11.7 25.6

150–299 percent ........................ 14,932 13.7 62.6 62.6 16.1 6.8 20.7

300 percent or more ...................... 22,736 14.6 74.1 73.6 15.7 5.4 20.5

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 6,702 19.8 52.2 52.6 21.9 7.2 20.4

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 42,522 14.8 63.2 63.2 14.5 7.1 20.9

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 8,210 19.8 67.6 63.0 28.7 11.4 24.8

Non-Hispanic other ....................... 2,767 14.3 47.7 47.7 14.7 * 13.6

*Figure does not meet standard of reliability or precision.

1Excludes HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) tests done as part of blood donation.

2STD is sexually transmitted disease.

3Refers to vaginal, urinary tract, and pelvic infections.

4Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

NOTE: Percents do not add to 100 because women could report more than 1 medical service in the 12 months prior to interview.

Page 84 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 75. Number of women 15–44 years of age, percent who received at least 1 family planning service in the 12 months prior to interview,

and percent who used the specified type of provider, by selected characteristics of the woman: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands

At least

1 family

planning

service1

Type of provider

Public

family

planning

clinic2

Other

clinic2

Private

doctor

or HMO3

Hospital/

other4

Percent

All women .................................. 60,201 32.9 6.1 2.6 22.6 2.9

Age at interview

15–19 years ................................ 8,961 28.5 9.5 2.7 13.0 *

15–17 years ............................... 5,452 21.9 7.7 * 9.4 *

18–19 years ............................... 3,508 38.6 12.2 * 18.6 *

20–24 years ................................ 9,041 54.7 14.2 6.4 31.6 3.3

25–29 years ................................ 9,693 49.8 9.0 3.7 35.9 4.4

30–34 years ................................ 11,065 36.3 3.6 1.7 29.7 3.1

35–39 years ................................ 11,211 20.1 2.0 * 16.1 2.8

40–44 years ................................ 10,230 12.0 * * 10.1 1.8

Marital status

Never married ............................... 22,679 36.6 9.6 3.9 20.6 2.4

Currently married ............................. 29,673 31.0 3.5 1.8 24.5 3.1

Formerly married ............................. 7,849 29.8 5.9 2.2 21.3 3.2

Parity

0 births ................................... 25,242 36.4 7.3 3.1 24.1 1.6

1 birth .................................... 10,706 42.3 8.1 3.2 30.0 2.2

2 births ................................... 13,875 27.4 3.5 1.9 20.9 3.1

3 or more births .............................. 10,377 22.2 4.7 1.8 13.7 6.2

Poverty level income at interview5

0–149 percent ............................... 10,072 31.3 10.5 3.8 15.3 5.3

0–99 percent .............................. 5,992 32.4 11.4 4.1 15.2 5.8

150–299 percent ............................. 14,932 30.2 4.9 2.8 21.3 3.0

300 percent or more ........................... 22,736 34.0 2.5 1.4 29.3 2.2

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic ................................... 6,702 32.7 9.6 4.3 16.6 3.7

Non-Hispanic white ............................ 42,522 33.7 5.0 2.0 25.2 2.5

Non-Hispanic black ............................ 8,210 33.3 9.5 3.7 18.1 4.1

Non-Hispanic other ............................ 2,767 21.5 * * 10.4 *

*Figure does not meet standard of reliability or precision.

1Family planning services include sterilizing operation, birth control method, checkup or medical test for birth control, counseling about birth control, or counseling about getting sterilized.

2Public family planning clinic refers to clinics listed in the AGI/OPA Public Family Planning Clinic Database. Other clinic refers to clinics that were not found in the database and which remain

unidentified. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

3HMO is health maintenance organization.

4‘‘Other’’ providers include school health center, military facility, and others not shown separately.

5Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

NOTE: Percents do not add to total who received ‘‘at least 1 family planning service’’ because women who had more than 1 service could report more than 1 type of provider.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 85
Table 76. Number of women 15–44 years of age, number who received at least 1 family planning service in the 12 months prior to interview from

the specified type of provider, and percent distribution by selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic Total

At least

1 family

planning

service1

Type of provider

Public

family

planning

clinic2

Other

clinic2

Private

doctor

or HMO3

Hospital/

other4

Number in thousands

Total ..................................... 60,201 19,821 3,688 1,589 13,610 1,713

Percent distribution

Age at interview .............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

15–19 years ............................... 14.9 12.9 23.0 15.2 8.6 *

15–17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 6.0 11.4 * 3.8 *

18–19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 6.8 11.6 * 4.8 *

20–24 years ............................... 15.0 24.9 34.8 36.4 21.0 17.5

25–29 years ............................... 16.1 24.4 23.6 22.5 25.5 25.0

30–34 years ............................... 18.4 20.3 10.7 11.8 24.2 20.0

35–39 years ............................... 18.6 11.4 6.1 * 13.2 18.5

40–44 years ............................... 17.0 6.2 * * 7.6 10.7

Marital status ................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Never married .............................. 37.7 41.9 58.9 55.5 34.4 31.3

Currently married ............................ 49.3 46.3 28.4 33.8 53.4 54.2

Formerly married ............................ 13.0 11.8 12.6 10.7 12.3 14.5

Parity ..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

0 births .................................. 41.9 46.4 50.1 49.9 44.6 23.7

1 birth ................................... 17.8 22.8 23.5 21.4 23.6 13.8

2 births .................................. 23.1 19.2 13.1 16.8 21.3 24.7

3 or more births ............................. 17.2 11.6 13.2 12.0 10.4 37.8

Poverty level income at interview5 .................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

0–149 percent .............................. 21.1 20.5 44.9 34.1 13.5 36.4

0–99 percent ............................. 12.6 12.6 28.8 22.1 8.0 24.7

150–299 percent ............................ 31.3 29.3 30.8 36.9 28.0 30.2

300 percent or more .......................... 47.6 50.2 24.3 29.0 58.5 33.4

Race and Hispanic origin ......................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 11.0 17.4 18.3 8.2 14.4

Non-Hispanic white ........................... 70.6 72.2 57.5 54.4 78.8 61.8

Non-Hispanic black ........................... 13.6 13.8 21.1 19.3 10.9 19.5

Non-Hispanic other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 3.0 * * 2.1 *

*Figure does not meet standard of reliability or precision.

1Family planning services include sterilizing operation, birth control method, checkup or medical test for birth control, counseling about birth control, or counseling about getting sterilized.

2Public family planning clinic refers to clinics listed in the AGI/OPA Public Family Planning Clinic Database. Other clinic refers to clinics that were not found in the database and which remain

unidentified. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

3HMO is health maintenance organization.

4‘‘Other’’ providers include school health center, military facility, and others not shown separately.

5Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Page 86 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 77. Number of women 15–44 years of age, percent who received at least 1 medical service in the 12 months prior to interview, and

percent who used the specified type of provider, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands

At least

1 medical

service1

Type of provider

Public

family

planning

clinic2

Other

clinic2

Private

doctor

or HMO3

Hospital

or

emergency

room Other4

Percent

All women ............................. 60,201 70.6 10.0 5.7 54.8 4.0 2.3

Age at interview

15–19 years ........................... 8,961 43.9 13.4 5.7 25.5 3.8 *

15–17 years .......................... 5,542 32.2 10.3 4.2 18.1 3.2 *

18–19 years .......................... 3,508 62.1 18.2 8.0 37.1 * *

20–24 years ........................... 9,041 78.9 20.3 9.6 51.7 5.3 2.8

25–29 years ........................... 9,693 80.1 12.1 5.9 62.0 3.9 2.4

30–34 years ........................... 11,065 78.6 7.7 5.7 64.8 3.9 2.5

35–39 years ........................... 11,211 70.5 5.4 3.8 59.9 4.0 2.1

40–44 years ........................... 10,230 69.2 3.3 4.0 60.0 3.5 2.1

Marital status

Never married .......................... 22,679 61.3 14.7 6.9 39.8 3.9 2.5

Currently married ........................ 29,673 76.6 6.0 4.3 65.8 3.4 2.4

Formerly married ........................ 7,849 75.2 11.3 7.2 56.4 6.7 *

Parity

0 births .............................. 25,242 63.9 11.0 5.7 47.7 3.5 2.7

1 birth ............................... 10,706 82.0 11.2 5.7 65.0 4.9 2.3

2 births .............................. 13,875 75.2 7.2 5.1 62.3 3.8 1.6

3 or more births ......................... 10,377 69.2 9.8 6.2 51.5 4.8 2.2

Poverty level income at interview5

0–149 percent .......................... 10,072 70.4 18.7 9.1 41.3 5.4 2.2

0–99 percent ......................... 5,992 70.0 21.1 10.3 37.9 5.6 2.0

150–299 percent ........................ 14,932 71.5 8.4 5.8 56.4 4.4 1.9

300 percent or more ...................... 22,736 80.0 4.2 3.4 72.4 3.0 2.7

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 6,702 67.5 15.6 10.6 41.4 4.9 2.1

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 42,522 70.8 7.7 4.4 58.9 3.4 2.3

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 8,210 76.3 17.9 7.8 49.6 6.9 2.1

Non-Hispanic other ....................... 2,767 59.1 7.7 * 40.4 * *

*Figure does not meet standard of reliability or precision.

1Medical services include Pap smear; pelvic exam; prenatal care; postpartum care; HIV test; testing or treatment for other sexually transmitted diseases; testing or treatment for vaginal, urinary tract, or

pelvic infection; abortion; or pregnancy test.

2Public family planning clinic refers to clinics listed in the AGI/OPA Pubic Family Planning Clinic Database. Other clinic refers to clinics that were not found in the database and which remain

unidentified. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

3HMO is health maintenance organization.

4‘‘Other’’ providers include school health center, military facility, and others not shown separately.

5Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

NOTE: Percents do not add to total who received ‘‘at least 1 medical service’’ because women who had more than 1 service could report more than 1 type of provider.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 87
Table 78. Number of women 15–44 years of age, number who received at least 1 medical service in the 12 months prior to interview from

the specified type of provider, and percent distribution by selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic Total

At least

1 medical

service1

Type of provider

Public

family

planning

clinic2

Other

clinic2

Private doctor

or HMO3

Hospital

or

emergency

room Other4

Number in thousands

All women ............................. 60,201 42,511 5,995 3,411 32,997 2,430 1,377

Percent distribution

Age at interview ......................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

15–19 years ........................... 14.9 9.3 20.0 15.0 6.9 13.9 *

15–17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 4.1 9.4 6.8 3.0 7.3 *

18–19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 5.1 10.7 8.2 3.9 * *

20–24 years ........................... 15.0 16.8 30.6 25.4 14.2 19.8 18.4

25–29 years ........................... 16.1 18.3 19.6 16.8 18.2 15.7 17.2

30–34 years ........................... 18.4 20.5 14.1 18.4 21.7 17.6 20.1

35–39 years ........................... 18.6 18.6 10.1 12.6 20.3 18.2 17.2

40–44 years ........................... 17.0 16.7 5.6 11.9 18.6 14.8 15.4

Marital status ........................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Never married ......................... 37.7 32.7 55.6 46.2 27.4 36.7 40.8

Currently married ....................... 49.3 53.4 29.5 37.3 59.2 41.8 52.5

Formerly married ....................... 13.0 13.9 14.8 16.5 13.4 21.6 *

Parity ............................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

0 births ............................. 41.9 37.9 43.6 42.4 36.5 36.1 49.8

1 birth .............................. 17.8 20.7 20.0 18.0 21.1 21.7 17.5

2 births ............................. 23.1 24.5 16.7 20.9 26.2 21.7 16.2

3 or more births ........................ 17.2 16.9 17.0 18.7 16.2 20.6 16.6

Poverty level income at interview5 .............. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

0–149 percent ......................... 21.1 19.7 45.9 35.8 14.3 29.0 20.1

0–99 percent ........................ 12.6 11.7 30.9 24.1 7.8 18.0 11.0

150–299 percent ....................... 31.3 29.7 30.7 33.9 29.0 34.8 25.2

300 percent or more ..................... 47.6 50.6 23.4 30.4 56.7 36.2 54.7

Race and Hispanic origin ................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 10.6 17.4 20.8 8.4 13.5 12.8

Non-Hispanic white ...................... 70.6 70.8 54.6 54.5 75.9 59.7 63.7

Non-Hispanic black ...................... 13.6 14.7 24.5 18.7 12.4 23.2 18.4

Non-Hispanic other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 3.9 3.5 * 3.4 * *

* Figure does not meet standard of reliability or precision.

1Medical services include Pap smear; pelvic exam; prenatal care; postpartum care; HIV test; testing or treatment for other sexually transmitted diseases; testing or treatment for vaginal, urinary tract, or

pelvic infection; abortion; or pregnancy test.

2Public family planning clinic refers to clinics listed in the AGI/OPA Public Family Planning Clinic Database. Other clinic refers to clinics that were not found in the database and which remain

unidentified. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

3HMO is health maintenance organization.

4‘‘Other’’ providers include school health center, military facility, and others not shown separately.

5Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Page 88 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 79. Number of women 15–44 years of age, percent who received at least 1 family planning or medical service in the 12 months prior

to interview, and percent who used the specified type of provider, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands

At least

1 family

planning or

medical

service1

Type of provider

Public

family

planning

clinic2

Other

clinic2

Private

doctor or

HMO3

Hospital

or

emergency

room Other4

Percent

All women ............................. 60,201 72.4 10.6 6.1 56.0 5.7 2.5

Age at interview

15–19 years ........................... 8,961 46.4 14.6 5.9 26.6 4.0 2.2

15–17 years .......................... 5,452 35.4 11.7 4.2 19.4 3.6 *

18–19 years .......................... 3,508 63.5 19.1 8.5 37.8 * *

20–24 years ........................... 9,041 81.6 21.3 10.7 53.1 6.6 3.3

25–29 years ........................... 9,693 81.9 13.0 6.4 63.4 6.5 2.8

30–34 years ........................... 11,065 80.6 8.1 6.1 66.5 6.0 2.7

35–39 years ........................... 11,211 71.8 5.6 4.2 61.0 6.1 2.1

40–44 years ........................... 10,230 69.8 3.4 4.3 60.5 4.8 2.1

Marital status

Never married .......................... 22,679 63.6 15.4 7.5 41.1 4.7 2.8

Currently married ........................ 29,673 77.9 6.5 4.6 66.9 5.6 2.6

Formerly married ........................ 7,849 76.8 12.3 8.0 57.7 8.7 *

Parity

0 births .............................. 25,242 65.8 11.6 6.1 48.9 3.8 3.1

1 birth ............................... 10,706 83.8 12.4 6.4 66.4 6.0 2.4

2 births .............................. 13,875 76.7 7.6 5.5 63.5 5.8 1.8

3 or more births ......................... 10,377 70.9 10.4 6.7 52.6 9.9 2.3

Poverty level income at interview5

0–149 percent .......................... 10,072 72.8 19.8 9.9 42.9 8.8 2.4

0–99 percent ......................... 5,992 72.7 22.7 11.4 39.5 9.5 *

150–299 percent ........................ 14,932 73.1 9.0 6.6 57.6 6.2 2.0

300 percent or more ...................... 22,736 81.1 4.3 3.6 73.4 4.4 2.9

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 6,702 70.2 17.5 11.4 42.9 7.3 2.3

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 42,522 72.3 8.1 4.6 60.0 4.8 2.5

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 8,210 78.8 18.6 8.8 50.9 9.7 2.3

Non-Hispanic other ....................... 2,767 60.5 8.3 8.8 41.0 * *

*Figure does not meet standard of reliability or precision.

1Family planning services include sterilizing operation, birth control method, checkup or medical test for birth control, counseling about birth control, or counseling about getting sterilized. Medical

services include Pap smear; pelvic exam; prenatal care; postpartum care; HIV test; testing or treatment for other sexually transmitted diseases; testing or treatment for vaginal, urinary tract, or pelvic

infection; abortion; or pregnancy test.

2Public family planning clinic refers to clinics listed in the AGI/OPA Public Family Planning Clinic Database. Other clinic refers to clinics that were not found in the database and which remain

unidentified. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

3HMO is health maintenance organization.

4‘‘Other’’ providers include school health center, military facility, and others not shown separately.

5Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

NOTE: Percents do not add to total who received ‘‘at least 1 service’’ because women who received more than 1 service could report more than 1 type of provider.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 89
Table 80. Number of women 15–44 years of age, number who received at least 1 family planning or medical service from the specified type

of provider in the 12 months prior to interview, and percent distribution by selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic Total

At least

1 family

planning or

medical

service1

Type of provider

Public

family

planning

clinic2

Other

clinic2

Private

doctor or

HMO3

Hospital

or

emergency

room Other4

Number in thousands

All women ............................. 60,201 43,572 6,371 3,689 33,708 3,416 1,512

Percent distribution

Age at interview ......................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

15–19 years ........................... 14.9 9.5 20.6 14.3 7.1 10.5 12.8

15–17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 4.4 10.0 6.3 3.1 5.7 *

18–19 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 5.1 10.5 8.0 3.9 * *

20–24 years ........................... 15.0 16.9 30.3 26.2 14.3 17.4 19.8

25–29 years ........................... 16.1 18.2 19.7 16.9 18.2 18.5 17.7

30–34 years ........................... 18.4 20.5 14.1 18.1 21.8 19.3 20.0

35–39 years ........................... 18.6 18.5 9.9 12.7 20.3 20.2 15.7

40–44 years ........................... 17.0 16.4 5.5 11.8 18.4 14.2 14.0

Marital status ........................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Never married ......................... 37.7 33.1 54.7 46.3 27.6 31.4 42.2

Currently married ....................... 49.3 53.1 30.2 36.7 58.9 48.8 51.7

Formerly married ....................... 13.0 13.8 15.1 17.0 13.4 19.9 *

Parity ............................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

0 births ............................. 41.9 38.1 45.9 42.0 36.6 27.8 51.6

1 birth .............................. 17.8 20.6 20.8 18.6 21.1 18.8 16.8

2 births ............................. 23.1 24.4 16.5 20.6 26.1 23.5 16.1

3 or more births ........................ 17.2 16.9 16.9 18.8 16.2 29.9 15.4

Poverty level income at interview5 .............. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

0–149 percent ......................... 21.1 20.0 46.1 35.8 14.6 31.4 20.1

0–99 percent ........................ 12.6 11.9 31.4 24.4 8.0 20.2 *

150–299 percent ....................... 31.3 29.8 31.2 35.2 29 32.9 25.1

300 percent or more ..................... 47.6 50.3 22.7 29.0 56.4 35.7 54.8

Race and Hispanic origin ................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 10.8 18.4 20.7 8.5 14.2 10.3

Non-Hispanic white ...................... 70.6 70.5 54.0 53.2 75.7 59.2 70.8

Non-Hispanic black ...................... 13.6 14.8 24.0 19.6 12.4 23.2 12.2

Non-Hispanic other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 3.8 3.6 6.6 3.4 * *

*Figure does not meet standard of reliability or precision.

1Family planning services include sterilizing operation, birth control method, checkup or medical test for birth control, counseling about birth control, or counseling about getting sterilized. Medical

services include Pap smear; pelvic exam; prenatal care; postpartum care; HIV test; testing or treatment for other sexually transmitted diseases; testing or treatment for vaginal, urinary tract, or pelvic

infection; abortion; or pregnancy test.

2Public family planning clinic refers to clinics listed in the AGI/OPA Public Family Planning Clinic Database. Other clinic refers to clinics that were not found in the database and which remain

unidentified. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

3HMO is health maintenance organization.

4‘‘Other’’ providers include school health center, military facility, and others not shown separately.

5Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Page 90 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 81. Number of women 15–44 years of age, percent who received at least 1 family planning service in the 12 months prior

to interview from a medical care provider, and percent reporting the specified method of payment, by selected characteristics:

United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands

At least

1 family

planning

service1

Method of payment

Medicaid

at all

Insurance

alone

Own

income

alone

Own

income and

insurance

Other public

assistance

or free2

Percent

All women3 ............................ 60,201 32.9 4.6 9.2 11.3 7.7 1.3

Age at interview

15–19 years ........................... 8,961 28.5 4.8 7.4 8.8 3.4 3.2

15–17 years .......................... 5,452 21.9 4.1 5.4 5.6 * *

18–19 years .......................... 3,508 38.6 6.0 10.5 13.7 * *

20–24 years ........................... 9,041 54.7 10.1 14.1 21.7 7.9 2.5

25–29 years ........................... 9,693 49.8 7.5 14.2 17.3 12.9 *

30–34 years ........................... 11,065 36.3 3.7 10.2 12.0 10.9 *

35–39 years ........................... 11,211 20.1 2.2 6.3 5.9 6.2 *

40–44 years ........................... 10,230 12.0 * 3.6 3.6 4.2 *

Marital status

Never married .......................... 22,679 36.6 6.2 9.4 13.5 5.8 2.1

Currently married ........................ 29,673 31.0 2.7 9.6 10.2 9.2 0.7

Formerly married ........................ 7,849 29.8 7.4 6.7 8.7 7.2 *

Education at interview4

No high school diploma or GED5 .............. 5,424 23.6 11.0 5.1 4.4 * *

High school diploma or GED ................. 18,169 29.7 5.6 7.8 9.7 7.1 0.8

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ............ 12,399 34.1 2.9 9.9 13.4 8.6 *

Bachelor’s degree or higher .................. 11,748 38.3 * 12.1 13.6 13.7 *

Poverty level income at interview4

0–149 percent .......................... 10,072 31.3 14.6 5.2 8.5 2.3 1.9

0–99 percent ......................... 5,992 32.4 17.7 4.5 7.8 * *

150–299 percent ........................ 14,932 30.2 2.8 8.4 11.5 7.6 *

300 percent or more ...................... 22,736 34.0 * 11.3 11.9 11.8 *

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 6,702 32.7 8.5 8.6 10.6 3.4 *

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 42,522 33.7 2.8 9.3 12.4 9.3 1.0

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 8,210 33.3 10.8 10.1 7.5 4.0 1.8

*Figure does not meet standard of reliability or precision.

1Family planning services include sterilizing operation, birth control method, checkup or medical test for birth control, counseling about birth control, or counseling about getting sterilized.

2Respondents spontaneously mentioned another form of public assistance or that the service was free.

3Includes women of other race and origin groups not shown separately.

4Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

5GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents do not add to total who received ‘‘at least 1 family planning service’’ because women may have received more than 1 service and used more than 1 payment method.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 91
Table 82. Number of women 15–44 years of age, percent who received at least 1 medical service in the 12 months prior to interview from a

medical care provider, and percent reporting the specified method of payment, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands

At least

1 medical

service1

Method of payment

Medicaid

at all

Insurance

alone

Own

income

alone

Own

income

and insurance

Other public

assistance

or free2

Percent

All women3 ............................ 60,201 70.6 9.2 24.1 21.2 17.4 3.0

Age at interview

15–19 years ........................... 8,961 43.9 8.9 15.5 13.6 5.8 5.4

15–17 years .......................... 5,452 32.2 6.9 12.0 8.7 4.0 4.1

18–19 years .......................... 3,508 62.1 12.1 21.1 21.2 8.6 7.4

20–24 years ........................... 9,041 78.9 16.6 25.0 28.5 12.6 4.7

25–29 years ........................... 9,693 80.1 13.1 26.5 23.1 20.1 2.7

30–34 years ........................... 11,065 78.6 8.3 26.4 23.3 22.0 2.7

35–39 years ........................... 11,211 70.5 6.0 24.1 20.7 20.7 1.4

40–44 years ........................... 10,230 69.2 4.0 26.0 17.9 20.9 1.8

Marital status

Never married .......................... 22,679 61.3 12.0 19.2 19.8 10.3 4.3

Currently married ........................ 29,673 76.6 4.8 28.8 22.1 23.5 1.8

Formerly married ........................ 7,849 75.2 18.1 20.4 21.7 15.2 3.7

Education at interview4

No high school diploma or GED5 .............. 5,424 66.7 27.5 15.0 15.8 5.3 5.2

High school diploma or GED ................. 18,169 73.7 10.2 24.2 22.4 18.0 2.2

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ............ 12,399 76.8 5.8 28.1 23.4 21.5 1.9

Bachelor’s degree or higher .................. 11,748 80.1 * 29.9 23.6 28.5 2.0

Poverty level income at interview4

0–149 percent .......................... 10,072 70.4 31.1 13.3 17.2 6.3 5.0

0–99 percent ......................... 5,992 70.0 38.9 9.8 15.1 3.6 5.5

150–299 percent ........................ 14,932 71.5 5.3 24.6 24.2 18.5 2.4

300 percent or more ...................... 22,736 80.0 1.1 31.6 23.2 27.2 1.3

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 6,702 67.5 17.5 21.6 18.9 8.6 5.0

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 42,522 70.8 5.5 24.0 22.9 20.6 2.4

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 8,210 76.3 22.6 26.9 16.9 10.0 4.2

*Figure does not meet standard of reliability or precision.

1Medical services include Pap smear; pelvic exam; prenatal care; postpartum care; HIV test; testing or treatment for other sexually transmitted diseases; testing or treatment for vaginal, urinary tract, or

pelvic infection; abortion; or pregnancy test.

2Respondents spontaneously mentioned another form of public assistance or that the service was free.

3Includes women of other race and origin groups not shown separately.

4Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

5GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to total who received ‘‘at least 1 medical service’’ because women may have received more than 1 service and used more than 1 payment method.

Page 92 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 83. Number of pregnancies ending in live birth to women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by months pregnant when

prenatal care began, according to selected characteristics: United States, 1991–95

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands Total

Months pregnant when prenatal care began

Less than

3 months

3–4

months

5 months or

more or no

prenatal care

Percent distribution

All pregnancies1 ................................ 17,052 100.0 88.1 5.4 6.6

Age at time of birth

Under 20 years ................................ 2,023 100.0 75.3 10.7 14.0

20–24 years .................................. 4,388 100.0 84.5 7.3 8.2

25–29 years .................................. 5,088 100.0 91.3 4.0 4.7

30–44 years .................................. 5,553 100.0 92.5 3.1 4.3

Marital status at time of birth

Never married ................................. 3,940 100.0 77.3 9.6 13.1

Married ..................................... 12,171 100.0 91.5 4.0 4.5

Formerly married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942 100.0 88.6 5.3 6.1

Birth order

First ....................................... 6,972 100.0 87.7 6.8 5.5

Second ..................................... 5,684 100.0 89.3 4.0 6.6

Third or higher ................................. 4,397 100.0 87.0 4.8 8.2

Wantedness status at conception2

Intended ..................................... 11,833 100.0 91.2 3.9 4.9

Mistimed .................................... 3,715 100.0 82.2 9.1 8.7

Unwanted .................................... 1,485 100.0 78.0 8.2 13.8

Residence at interview

Metropolitan, central city ........................... 5,453 100.0 86.1 5.5 8.4

Metropolitan, suburban ............................ 8,047 100.0 89.7 5.0 5.4

Nonmetropolitan ................................ 3,552 100.0 87.4 6.0 6.5

Education at interview3

No high school diploma or GED4 ..................... 2,368 100.0 78.9 6.9 14.3

High school diploma or GED ........................ 6,076 100.0 88.5 6.3 5.2

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ................... 3,582 100.0 94.5 3.0 2.5

Bachelor’s degree or higher ......................... 3,144 100.0 93.8 2.3 3.9

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic ..................................... 2,677 100.0 83.4 6.5 10.1

Non-Hispanic white .............................. 11,166 100.0 91.4 4.3 4.4

Non-Hispanic black .............................. 2,396 100.0 78.3 10.1 11.6

Non-Hispanic other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814 100.0 86.4 3.1 10.4

1Includes pregnancies with missing information on prenatal care or wantedness status.

2Based on new questions in Cycle 5. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

3Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

4GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 93
Table 84. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by cigarette smoking status, according to selected characteristics:

United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands Total

Never

smoked

Former

smoker

Current smoker

Subtotal

Fewer than

15 per day

15 or more

per day

Percent distribution

All women ............................. 60,201 100.0 58.4 14.1 27.5 14.7 12.9

Age at interview

15–19 years ........................... 8,961 100.0 78.7 3.6 17.7 13.5 4.2

20–24 years ........................... 9,041 100.0 64.6 8.0 27.4 18.3 9.1

25–29 years ........................... 9,693 100.0 60.8 11.1 28.1 15.2 13.0

30–34 years ........................... 11,065 100.0 52.3 17.0 30.7 15.0 15.7

35–39 years ........................... 11,211 100.0 47.8 20.1 32.1 14.5 17.6

40–44 years ........................... 10,230 100.0 51.3 21.6 27.1 11.8 15.3

Family background

Both parents from birth1 .................... 37,233 100.0 60.8 14.6 24.6 13.6 11.0

Single parent from birth .................... 2,093 100.0 63.6 10.1 26.3 15.5 10.8

Both parents, then 1 parent .................. 8,003 100.0 58.2 14.0 27.8 13.5 14.3

Stepparent2 ............................ 8,378 100.0 49.6 14.7 35.7 17.8 18.0

Other ................................ 4,493 100.0 53.4 10.4 36.2 19.1 17.2

Current contraceptive status

Pregnant or postpartum .................... 2,758 100.0 60.3 21.9 17.8 11.2 6.6

Using oral contraceptives ................... 10,416 100.0 62.4 13.2 24.4 14.9 9.5

Other ................................ 47,028 100.0 57.4 13.8 28.8 14.8 14.0

Education at interview3

No high school diploma or GED4 .............. 5,424 100.0 40.7 12.0 47.2 20.3 27.0

High school diploma or GED ................. 18,169 100.0 46.7 16.0 37.3 16.7 20.6

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ............ 12,399 100.0 55.0 18.1 26.9 14.8 12.1

Bachelor’s degree or higher .................. 11,748 100.0 70.5 17.5 12.0 8.9 3.1

Poverty level income at interview3

0–149 percent .......................... 10,072 100.0 50.2 11.9 38.0 18.8 19.2

0–99 percent ......................... 5,992 100.0 51.5 10.2 38.3 19.3 19.0

150–299 percent ........................ 14,932 100.0 54.4 14.8 30.8 13.5 17.4

300 percent or higher ...................... 22,736 100.0 55.5 19.6 24.9 13.7 11.2

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 6,702 100.0 71.6 11.1 17.3 14.0 3.3

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 42,522 100.0 53.3 16.2 30.5 14.4 16.0

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 8,210 100.0 68.8 7.5 23.7 17.0 6.7

Non-Hispanic other ....................... 2,767 100.0 74.4 7.4 18.2 12.4 5.8

1Includes women who lived with either both biological or both adoptive parents until they left home.

2Parents separated or divorced, then custodial parent remarried. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

3Limited to women 22–44 years at time of interview.

4GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents of never smokers, former smokers, and current smokers (subtotal) may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Page 94 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 85. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent distribution by testing for HIV, according to selected characteristics: United

States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands Total

Never

tested

for HIV

Ever tested for HIV1

As part

of

blood

donation

Outside

of

blood

donation

Both in

blood donation

and

elsewhere

Tested in

the 12 months

prior to

interview2

Percent distribution

All women ............................. 60,201 100.0 52.1 13.2 13.8 3.4 17.4

Age at interview

15–19 years ........................... 8,961 100.0 72.0 7.4 4.8 1.0 14.8

20–24 years ........................... 9,041 100.0 44.1 16.1 12.4 3.7 23.8

25–29 years ........................... 9,693 100.0 39.9 15.3 15.9 5.4 23.6

30–34 years ........................... 11,065 100.0 45.5 12.5 19.7 3.7 18.5

35–39 years ........................... 11,211 100.0 54.2 12.3 15.4 3.7 14.4

40–44 years ........................... 10,230 100.0 58.2 15.4 13.1 2.9 10.4

Marital status

Never married .......................... 22,679 100.0 55.8 13.1 9.4 2.7 19.0

Currently married ........................ 29,673 100.0 51.6 14.2 15.8 3.7 14.6

Formerly married ........................ 7,849 100.0 43.2 9.9 19.0 4.5 23.4

Residence at interview

Metropolitan, central city .................... 18,550 100.0 48.7 11.5 15.1 3.4 21.3

Metropolitan, suburban ..................... 29,303 100.0 52.3 14.3 13.8 3.5 16.1

Nonmetropolitan ......................... 12,347 100.0 56.8 13.2 12.1 3.3 14.6

Education at interview3

No high school diploma or GED4 .............. 5,424 100.0 55.0 3.3 17.8 0.8 23.1

High school diploma or GED ................. 18,169 100.0 53.8 11.2 15.6 2.7 16.8

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ............ 12,399 100.0 44.0 15.8 15.8 4.8 18.5

Bachelor’s degree or higher .................. 11,748 100.0 43.4 15.0 15.0 6.6 15.2

Poverty level income at interview3

0–149 percent .......................... 10,072 100.0 48.3 6.9 18.9 2.7 23.3

0–99 percent ......................... 5,992 100.0 47.2 4.5 19.5 2.9 26.0

150–299 percent ........................ 14,932 100.0 53.7 12.1 14.5 3.4 16.3

300 percent or higher ...................... 22,736 100.0 45.9 18.2 15.2 4.9 15.9

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 6,702 100.0 53.4 7.7 14.7 2.3 21.9

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 42,522 100.0 51.9 5.3 13.4 4.1 14.7

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 8,210 100.0 49.2 16.0 14.9 1.9 28.7

Non-Hispanic other ....................... 2,767 100.0 61.3 7.1 15.6 0.9 15.2

1HIV is human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

2In question FB-2, women were asked if they had been tested (outside of blood donation) for HIV in the last 12 months. If they answered yes, they were not asked about blood donation since March

1985, the date after which all blood was automatically tested for HIV. Because these women could not be classified within the other categories, a separate category was created for the ANYHIV

recode, on which this table is based.

3Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

4GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 95
Table 86. Number of women 15–44 years of age who were tested for HIV in the 12 months prior to interview and percent who cited the

specified reasons for the test, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands

Reason for HIV test1

Hospitalization

or surgery

Applying for

insurance

Prenatal

care

Finding out

if infected

Doctor’s

referral

All other

reasons

Percent

All women2 ............................ 11,430 6.8 7.5 22.9 40.2 7.1 19.2

Age at interview

15–19 years ........................... 1,482 5.1 1.2 22.6 52.0 8.0 15.5

20–24 years ........................... 3,760 5.1 3.4 28.9 44.8 6.2 16.8

25–29 years ........................... 6,214 5.4 7.4 31.3 39.2 6.0 14.1

30–34 years ........................... 8,433 7.9 10.0 27.3 31.1 5.7 20.8

35–39 years ........................... 10,185 8.9 10.9 10.5 42.2 8.0 22.5

40–44 years ........................... 11,430 9.7 13.9 4.3 33.0 11.4 30.9

Marital status

Never married .......................... 4,660 5.6 3.9 16.2 53.2 6.8 18.5

Currently married ........................ 4,772 7.7 13.0 33.5 20.7 7.7 21.1

Formerly married ........................ 1,998 7.2 2.9 12.7 56.6 6.6 16.3

Residence at interview

Metropolitan, central city .................... 4,328 6.0 6.8 22.2 44.6 8.1 15.4

Metropolitan, suburban ..................... 5,106 7.0 8.5 22.4 37.9 6.5 21.5

Nonmetropolitan ......................... 1,996 7.9 6.6 25.5 36.5 6.4 21.4

Education at interview3

No high school diploma or GED4 .............. 1,340 8.7 2.9 29.1 40.2 13.6 9.9

High school diploma or GED ................. 3,374 8.9 5.9 22.5 39.7 7.4 19.2

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ............ 2,480 5.6 8.9 17.3 39.4 6.7 24.5

Bachelor’s degree or higher .................. 1,937 6.3 18.1 22.8 29.8 3.5 22.6

Poverty level income at interview3

0–149 percent .......................... 2,531 7.0 1.7 25.2 44.0 10.4 16.0

0–99 percent ......................... 1,690 7.9 1.5 25.9 43.9 11.6 14.4

150–299 percent ........................ 2,669 8.0 7.6 21.0 40.5 6.4 19.1

300 percent or higher ...................... 3,930 7.4 14.3 20.9 31.6 5.9 23.2

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic .............................. 1,593 3.7 8.0 28.3 40.5 8.4 12.7

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 6,749 8.1 8.5 23.2 36.8 6.1 21.9

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 2,616 6.1 5.0 17.1 51.2 8.7 14.7

Non-Hispanic other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472 1.5 5.7 31.3 25.2 9.1 28.3

1HIV is human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

2Includes women with missing information on reasons for HIV test.

3Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

4GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: Percents do not add to 100 because some women cited more than 1 reason for their HIV test.

Page 96 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 87. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent reporting the specified HIV risk behaviors in the 12 months prior to interview,

by selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands

Respondent

injected

drugs without

prescription

in last year

Partner behavior1

Had sex

with

other men

since 1980

Injected

drugs

without

prescription

since 1980

Had sex with

other women

around same

time as sex

with respondent

Percent

All women2 ................................... 60,201 1.2 2.0 2.5 14.3

Marital status at interview

Married ..................................... 29,672 0.6 1.6 1.2 4.2

Unmarried .................................... 30,528 1.8 2.4 4.3 28.4

Never married ................................ 22,679 1.7 2.4 4.1 28.7

Formerly married .............................. 7,849 2.1 2.5 4.9 27.7

Unmarried women

Age at interview:

15–19 years ................................. 8,619 2.0 2.6 6.2 29.8

20–24 years ................................. 6,578 1.2 2.0 3.2 30.4

25–44 years ................................. 15,331 2.0 2.5 4.2 26.9

Number of male sexual partners in last 12 months

(based on Audio CASI):1

None ..................................... 9,447 1.0 – 1.0 10.4

1 man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,210 1.7 2.0 2.6 15.2

2 men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,201 2.3 1.7 5.2 39.9

3 or more men ............................... 4,204 3.6 4.2 9.0 57.4

Education at interview:3

No high school diploma or GED4 .................... 2,617 4.3 3.7 7.2 25.5

High school diploma or GED ....................... 6,635 2.1 2.8 3.7 28.3

Some college, no bachelor’s degree .................. 5,236 1.0 1.8 3.4 26.3

Bachelor’s degree or higher ....................... 4,586 1.0 2.1 2.1 28.5

Race and Hispanic origin:

Hispanic ................................... 3,524 1.2 3.0 3.9 28.6

Non-Hispanic white ............................. 19,445 1.7 1.9 4.6 25.2

Non-Hispanic black ............................. 6,141 2.6 2.0 3.3 35.2

Non-Hispanic other ............................. 1,418 1.0 11.8 8.1 38.8

– Zero quantity.

1Partner behavior questions were inapplicable if respondent reported zero partners in the last 12 months, based on both interviewer-administered and self-administered (Audio CASI) questions. Audio

CASI is audio computer-assisted self-interviewing. The partner behavior questions asked only about partners that the respondent had intercourse with in the 12 months prior to interview.

2Includes women with missing information on specific HIV risk behaviors, number of partners in last 12 months, or consistency of condom use.

3Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

4GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTE: HIV is human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 97
Table 88. Number of unmarried women 15–44 years of age who have had intercourse in the 12 months prior to interview and percent distribution

by how often their male partners used condoms for disease prevention, according to selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number

in

thousands Total

Every

time

More than

half

the time

Half

the

time

Less than

half the

time

Not

at all

Percent distribution

All women1 ............................ 12,708 100.0 31.3 13.9 8.4 13.9 32.5

Age at interview and number of male sexual

partners in the 12 months prior to interview2

15–29 years ............................ 8,570 100.0 32.2 15.1 9.6 13.8 29.3

30–44 years ............................ 4,139 100.0 29.5 11.4 5.9 14.1 39.2

1 partner .............................. 8,197 100.0 31.6 9.0 6.1 10.9 42.3

2 or more partners ........................ 4,504 100.0 30.9 22.7 12.6 19.4 14.5

15–29 years:

1 partner ............................ 5,315 100.0 32.7 10.1 7.3 10.4 39.5

2 or more partners ...................... 3,252 100.0 31.4 23.2 13.4 19.4 12.5

30–44 years:

1 partner ............................ 2,882 100.0 29.6 7.0 3.9 11.8 47.6

2 or more partners ...................... 1,251 100.0 29.5 21.4 10.4 19.4 19.4

Race and Hispanic origin of woman and number

of male sexual partners in the 12 months prior to interview

Hispanic .............................. 1,077 100.0 30.9 15.4 11.3 13.7 28.7

1 partner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707 100.0 29.8 12.5 9.4 11.5 36.8

2 or more partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 100.0 33.1 21.0 14.9 17.8 13.2

Non-Hispanic white ....................... 8,202 100.0 27.7 13.0 8.1 14.7 36.5

1 partner ............................ 5,341 100.0 28.6 7.7 5.9 10.5 47.4

2 or more partners ...................... 2,861 100.0 26.2 23.0 12.1 22.5 16.3

Non-Hispanic black ....................... 3,042 100.0 39.2 15.4 9.2 12.8 23.4

1 partner ............................ 1,890 100.0 38.4 12.0 6.4 12.3 30.8

2 or more partners ...................... 1,153 100.0 40.5 21.0 13.8 13.6 11.2

Education at interview3

No high school diploma or GED4 ............... 2,128 100.0 26.6 13.9 7.6 10.8 41.1

High school diploma or GED .................. 5,247 100.0 26.2 12.5 7.6 14.5 39.1

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ............. 3,779 100.0 29.7 10.6 6.1 13.9 39.7

Bachelor’s degree or higher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,111 100.0 32.4 13.6 7.0 12.0 35.1

1Includes women with missing information on number of partners in the 12 months prior to interview.

2Number of partners is based on the interviewer-administered question.

3Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

4GED is general equivalency diploma.

NOTES: The frequency of condom use for disease prevention was asked only for a subset of respondents. If she reported ever using condoms for disease prevention in her life AND she had at least 1

sexual partner in the past 12 months, she was asked how often she used condoms in the past 12 months for this purpose. See ‘‘Definition of Terms.’’ Percents may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Page 98 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 89. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent ever treated for pelvic inflammatory disease, by race and Hispanic origin and

selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number of women in thousands1 Percent ever treated for pelvic inflammatory disease

Total2 Hispanic

NonHispanic

white

NonHispanic

black Total2 Hispanic

NonHispanic

white

NonHispanic

black

All women ........................ 60,201 6,702 42,522 8,210 7.6 7.9 7.2 10.6

Age at interview

15–19 years ...................... 8,961 1,150 5,962 1,392 2.7 3.4 2.5 3.0

20–24 years ...................... 9,041 1,163 6,062 1,328 6.1 5.6 6.6 6.4

25–29 years ...................... 9,693 1,217 6,694 1,346 6.7 6.2 5.6 12.8

30–34 years ...................... 11,065 1,233 7,870 1,456 8.5 8.7 7.8 13.8

35–39 years ...................... 11,211 1,067 8,242 1,439 11.5 15.3 10.8 15.3

40–44 years ...................... 10,230 873 7,691 1,249 8.7 9.5 8.3 12.1

Marital status

Never married ..................... 22,679 2,587 14,271 4,674 4.9 4.1 4.0 8.6

Currently married ................... 29,673 3,178 23,077 2,069 8.2 9.5 7.9 13.2

Formerly married ................... 7,849 938 5,174 1,467 12.8 13.3 13.1 13.3

Parity

0 births ......................... 25,242 2,331 18,512 3,061 5.6 4.8 5.5 7.8

1 birth .......................... 10,706 1,202 7,331 1,698 8.1 9.1 8.3 8.7

2 births ......................... 13,875 1,361 10,293 1,683 8.9 9.3 8.3 12.2

3 or more births .................... 10,377 1,809 6,385 1,769 10.1 10.2 9.2 15.9

Regular douching

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,113 2,228 8,818 4,520 11.7 9.9 12.4 11.9

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,890 4,447 33,610 3,646 6.1 7.0 5.9 9.2

Number of male sexual partners in lifetime3

1 man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,978 2,455 9,454 1,065 4.9 8.3 4.4 5.6

2–3 men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,405 1,739 9,118 1,964 6.6 10.3 6.0 7.5

4–9 men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,223 1,201 12,598 2,978 9.2 5.6 8.9 11.9

10 or more men .................... 9,585 588 7,183 1,579 14.3 13.6 13.5 19.3

Age at first sexual intercourse

Never had intercourse4 ................ 6,612 820 4,431 748 0.7 2.0 0.3 0.8

Under 15 years .................... 5,906 639 3,630 1,443 11.7 8.1 11.8 14.8

15–17 years ...................... 24,588 2,206 18,044 3,780 9.7 9.1 9.2 12.5

18–19 years ...................... 12,125 1,415 8,866 1,404 6.8 7.8 6.6 8.2

20 years or older ................... 10,969 1,622 7,550 835 5.5 9.4 5.0 7.8

1Includes women with missing information on douching.

2Includes women of other race and origin groups not shown separately.

3Based on interviewer-administered and self-administered (Audio CASI) questions. Audio CASI is audio computer-assisted self-interviewing.

4Never had voluntary intercourse, or never had (voluntary) intercourse since first menstrual period. See ‘‘Definition of Terms.’’

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 99
Table 90. Number of women 15–44 years of age and percent who douche regularly, by race and Hispanic origin and selected characteristics:

United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number of women in thousands1 Percent who douche regularly

Total2 Hispanic

NonHispanic

white

NonHispanic

black Total2 Hispanic

NonHispanic

white

NonHispanic

black

All women ........................ 60,201 6,702 42,522 8,210 26.9 33.4 20.8 55.3

Age at interview

15–19 years ....................... 8,961 1,150 5,962 1,392 15.5 16.4 10.8 36.8

20–24 years ....................... 9,041 1,163 6,062 1,328 27.8 32.5 20.4 60.4

25–29 years ....................... 9,693 1,217 6,694 1,346 30.0 38.0 23.9 58.7

30–34 years ....................... 11,065 1,233 7,870 1,456 30.6 35.1 24.5 60.4

35–39 years ....................... 11,211 1,067 8,242 1,439 28.9 41.2 21.9 62.5

40–44 years ....................... 10,230 873 7,691 1,249 26.9 38.5 21.1 53.1

Marital status

Never married ..................... 22,679 2,587 14,271 4,674 24.5 27.6 15.4 53.6

Currently married .................... 29,673 3,178 23,077 2,069 24.4 33.2 20.9 51.3

Formerly married .................... 7,849 938 5,174 1,467 42.8 49.9 35.1 66.8

Ever had pelvic inflammatory disease

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,561 532 3,070 873 41.3 41.4 35.8 61.4

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,640 6,171 39,452 7,337 25.7 32.7 19.6 54.6

Age at first sexual intercourse

Never had intercourse5 ................ 6,612 820 4,431 748 5.5 7.6 3.0 20.4

Under 15 years ..................... 5,906 639 3,630 1,443 41.4 6.7 30.8 64.3

15–17 years ....................... 24,588 2,206 18,044 3,780 33.0 38.0 26.6 61.7

18–19 years ....................... 12,125 1,415 8,866 1,404 24.9 35.6 19.1 50.5

20 years or older .................... 10,969 1,622 7,550 835 20.2 32.6 14.4 50.9

Region of residence at interview

Northeast ........................ 11,496 1,091 8,625 1,359 23.3 41.0 17.7 47.4

Midwest ......................... 11,525 476 11,974 1,712 24.4 39.5 18.8 60.3

South ........................... 20,241 1,959 13,264 4,373 35.0 33.0 28.3 57.0

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,938 3,169 8,659 766 20.5 30.1 15.2 49.3

Education at interview3

No high school diploma or GED4 .......... 5,424 1,618 2,556 1,073 52.9 44.1 52.5 69.7

High school diploma or GED ............. 18,169 1,727 13,240 2,570 36.5 43.6 30.2 64.5

Some college, no bachelor’s degree ........ 12,399 1,173 8,934 1,763 25.0 31.9 18.6 54.6

Bachelor’s degree or higher ............. 11,748 609 9,497 897 11.5 16.7 8.6 40.3

1Includes women with missing information on douching.

2Includes women of other race and origin groups not shown separately.

3Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

4GED is general equivalency diploma.

5Never had voluntary intercourse, or never had (voluntary) intercourse since first menstrual period. See ‘‘Definition of Terms.’’

Page 100 [ Series 23, No. 19
Table 91. Number of women 18–44 years of age and percent who had formal instruction about the specified sex-education topics before

they were 18, by selected characteristics: United States, 1995

Characteristic

Number in

thousands

Received

any formal

instruction

Topic of formal instruction

Birth

control

methods

Sexually

transmitted

diseases

Safe sex

to prevent

HIV1

How to

say no

to sex

All women .................................. 54,748 72.8 62.0 62.7 52.0 55.0

Age at interview

18–19 years ................................ 3,508 95.9 86.9 93.2 91.3 89.9

20–24 years ................................ 9,041 89.2 80.9 82.1 64.1 80.1

25–29 years ................................ 9,692 80.4 71.7 71.1 27.0 62.0

30–34 years ................................ 11,065 73.0 62.3 60.8 11.6 49.3

35–39 years ................................ 11,211 65.0 53.7 55.5 . . . 41.5

40–44 years ................................ 10,230 51.4 36.2 37.0 . . . 35.2

Family background

Both parents from birth2 ......................... 34,610 71.7 60.0 61.2 51.1 53.7

Single parent from birth ......................... 1,760 70.5 61.0 60.2 55.7 57.6

Both parents, then 1 parent ....................... 6,979 74.6 65.3 64.6 53.5 57.5

Stepparent3 ................................. 7,386 76.3 66.6 67.5 52.4 58.6

Other ..................................... 4,013 73.9 65.1 64.9 52.4 54.2

Residence at interview

Metropolitan, central city ......................... 16,781 73.5 63.3 63.8 51.0 56.9

Metropolitan, suburban .......................... 26,941 73.0 61.4 62.4 50.5 53.8

Nonmetropolitan .............................. 11,026 71.0 61.5 62.0 57.0 55.0

Mother’s education

0–11 years ................................. 16,454 64.9 54.1 53.9 49.0 49.0

12 years ................................... 23,251 74.2 63.0 64.3 51.9 55.9

13–15 years ................................ 7,480 79.6 69.0 69.5 56.1 59.6

16 years or more ............................. 7,210 79.6 69.0 70.8 51.9 61.2

No mother figure identified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 74.2 67.0 65.1 61.7 60.1

Poverty level income at interview4

0–149 percent ............................... 10,072 65.8 57.0 56.8 39.5 51.0

0–99 percent .............................. 5,992 64.2 55.7 54.7 38.2 50.6

150–299 percent ............................. 14,932 70.3 59.6 59.4 38.5 51.4

300 percent or higher ........................... 22,736 70.9 58.3 59.2 33.2 49.1

Race and Hispanic origin

Hispanic ................................... 6,015 64.8 56.8 55.4 50.2 49.3

Non-Hispanic white ............................ 38,987 74.0 62.2 63.6 50.9 55.0

Non-Hispanic black ............................ 7,357 76.1 67.1 67.8 59.9 62.5

Non-Hispanic other ............................ 2,390 63.1 55.7 51.0 47.4 46.5

. . . Category not applicable.

1This question was limited to women 15–29 years of age at interview. HIV is human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

2Includes women who lived with either both biological or both adoptive parents until they left home.

3Parents separated or divorced, then custodial parent remarried. See ‘‘Definitions of Terms.’’

4Limited to women 22–44 years of age at time of interview.

NOTE: Percents do not add to 100 because respondents could report more than 1 type of formal instruction.

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 101
Appendix

Definitions of Terms

This appendix defines a number of

technical terms used in this

report. The terms are listed in

alphabetical order. Some of the

definitions use direct quotations from

the NSFG questionnaire; those are

shown in quotation marks and italics.

For convenience in writing, the women

who were interviewed in the NSFG are

sometimes referred to as ‘‘respondents’’

in this appendix. To assist users of the

NSFG public-use computer data file, the

short variable name from the data file

(up to 8 characters) is also shown in the

definition. (For example, AGEAPR1, for

Age on April 1, 1995; and HIEDUC, for

Education at interview, etc.) Additional

details on the precise specifications of

some of the variables are given in

Appendix 1 the User’s Guide to the

NSFG public-use data file

documentation.

Additional births expected—The recode

ADDEXP indicates the number of

children a woman expects to give birth

to in the future, including a current

pregnancy if applicable. Women who

were sterile or who were married to

sterile men were classified as expecting

zero additional births. Those physically

able to have births were asked whether

they, and their current husband or

partner if applicable, intended to have

any babies in the future, and, if so, how

many. Women who did not know

whether they intended to have any

future births, or who did not know a

particular number they intended to have,

were asked for the smallest and largest

numbers they expected to have. The

estimate of additional births expected in

those cases is an average of the smallest

and largest numbers given.

Age at birth—The AGEPREG recode

gives the woman’s age in completed

years (for example, 2200–2299 equals

age 22) at the time when each of her

pregnancies ended. The OUTCOME

recode indicates the primary outcome of

each pregnancy, assigning priority in the

following order: live birth, abortion,

stillbirth, miscarriage, and ectopic

pregnancy. ‘‘Age at birth’’ as shown in

this report’s tables is defined as

AGEPREG when OUTCOME equals

‘‘live birth.’’ The categories typically

presented are: less than 20 years, 20–24

years, 25–29 years, and 30–44 years.

Age at conception—The AGECON

recode, ‘‘age at time of conception,’’ is

used in some tables concerning

contraceptive method use and

intendedness of pregnancies. For each

completed pregnancy, AGECON is

defined as the respondent’s age in

completed years at the approximate time

when her pregnancy was conceived,

regardless of pregnancy outcome.

Age at first marriage and year of first

marriage—The FMAR1AGE recode

gives the woman’s age in completed

years at first formal (legal) marriage.

Year of first marriage is based on the

MARDAT01 recode, which gives the

date in century months of a woman’s

first formal marriage.

Age at first sexual intercourse—Three

different definitions of age at first

intercourse are used in this report:

+ Age at first intercourse ever

(recode=VRY1STAG)

+ Age at first intercourse after

menarche

+ Age at first voluntary intercourse

(recode=VOL1AGE)

For most respondents, the values of

these variables are the same but they

may differ if her first intercourse was

before menarche or if it was not

voluntary. All three measures are based

primarily on a question asking:

‘‘Thinking about the very first time in

your life that you had sexual intercourse

with a man, how old were you?’’ To

determine the second and third

measures, other information is used: the

MENARCHR recode, which specifies

her age at first menstrual period, and

items that capture whether the first

intercourse was voluntary or

nonvoluntary (see definition of

Nonvoluntary first sexual intercourse).

VRY1STAG (age at first intercourse

ever) is used in tables 21 and 26–31. In

tables 26–31, it is used as an

independent or predictor variable when

number of sexual partners is used as the

dependent variable. ‘‘Age at first

intercourse after menarche’’ is used as

the dependent variable in table 20.

VOL1AGE (age at first voluntary

intercourse) is used in tables 23 and 24

as an independent (or predictor)

variable. (Consult 1995 NSFG Public

Use File Documentation, User’s Guide,

Appendix 1, for precise specifications

for these measures.)

Age at interview—In this report, ‘‘age at

interview’’ (recode=AGEAPR1) is

classified based on the respondent’s age

as of April 1, 1995, the estimated

midpoint of the interviewing period.

Sample women were eligible for the

1995 NSFG if they were 15–44 years of

age on April 1, 1995—that is, if they

were born between April 1, 1950, and

March 31, 1980. Exact age at time of

interview is also in the data file

(recode=AGER), but may not be equal

to AGEAPR1 in all cases.

Age of first partner—Each respondent

who ever had voluntary (vaginal) sexual

intercourse with a male partner was

asked the age in completed years of her

first voluntary partner at the time her

first intercourse occurred. The word

‘‘voluntary’’ was only used in question

text when the respondent had previously

reported that her first intercourse was

not voluntary.

Age of youngest child/age of

child—The ‘‘age of the youngest child’’

or ‘‘age of child’’ is presented in tables

on child care arrangements. Age was

ascertained from the household roster,

which collected the age (in years, or

months if under one year), relationship

to the respondent, and sex of every

member of the respondent’s household.

Household members who were the

woman’s natural child, stepchild, or

partner’s child and who were under 13

years of age, were the children

referenced in the child care series. The

age of the youngest such child was

classified as ‘‘under 5 years’’ or ‘‘5–12

years’’ in the tables.

Amount paid per week for child

care—This was ascertained from a

question asking about the total child

care payment for all children under age

Page 102 [ Series 23, No. 19
13, for all types of child care used,

which was worded: ‘‘In a typical week,

how much, if anything, do you pay for

the care of your children under age

13?’’ If the woman had only one child

under age 13, the wording was tailored

accordingly. This question was asked of

all women with a child under age 13 in

the household, regardless of their

working status.

Breastfeeding duration—As used in

table 57, the BFEEDWKS recode

specifies the number of weeks that each

single-born (singleton) baby was

breastfed. The recode is limited to

singleton babies because mothers with

twins or other multiple births are less

likely to breastfeed. Not only do

multiple births pose logistical difficulties

for breastfeeding, but also these babies

are more likely to have health problems

(for example, requiring postnatal

hospitalization) that can interfere with

breastfeeding. Table 57 shows the

percent of singleton babies born in

1990–93 who were breastfed at all.

Then, among those ever breastfed, the

table gives the percent distribution of

BFEEDWKS, categorized as ‘‘0–2

months,’’ ‘‘3–4 months,’’ and ‘‘5 or

more months.’’ Babies born in 1994 and

1995 are not included so that all babies

could potentially have been breastfed 5

or more months.

Child care arrangements—Child care

arrangements were ascertained for each

child under age 13 in the household

who was identified as a natural child,

stepchild, or partner’s child. Women

who indicated they were working most

of the time the week before the survey

were asked ‘‘...in the last 4 weeks, how

was (name of child) cared for while you

worked?’’ The following options were

provided:

+ child’s other parent/stepparent

+ child’s brother/sister 13 or older

+ child’s brother/sister under 13

+ child’s grandparent

+ other relative

+ nonrelative or babysitter

+ day care center

+ nursery/preschool

Many respondents volunteered a

response indicating that their child(ren)

attended regular school while they

worked. This category is shown

separately in table 61, and it is included

in the category ‘‘other arrangement’’ in

table 59.

Women who were not working at

the time of the survey were asked the

following for their children over the age

of 5 years: ‘‘Not counting regular

school, in the past 4 weeks has (name of

child) been cared for in any regularly

scheduled arrangement such as a

babysitter, family member, or some other

regularly scheduled child care

arrangement?’’ For their children under

age 5, nonworking women were asked:

‘‘In the past 4 weeks, has (name of

child) been cared for in any regularly

scheduled arrangement such as a day

care center, nursery school, babysitter,

family member, or some other regularly

scheduled child care arrangement?’’

Nonworking women were given the

same response choices as women

working most of the time the week

before the survey.

Children ever born—The PARITY

recode gives the number of live births

the woman has had. For example, a

woman classified as ‘‘parity 0’’ has

never had a live birth. ‘‘Parity 1 or

more’’ means that she has had one or

more live births.

Cigarette smoking status—Smoking

status was defined on the basis of

several questions about lifetime and

current cigarette smoking. Respondents

were first asked: ‘‘In your entire life,

have you smoked at least 100

cigarettes?’’ If the answer was ‘‘no,’’

she was asked no further questions

about smoking, and classified as ‘‘never

smoked’’ in table 84. If she smoked at

least 100 cigarettes in her life, and if

she said that she does not smoke

cigarettes now, a subsequent question

verified whether she is a former smoker:

‘‘Would you say you do not smoke

cigarettes at all anymore or that you

just smoke cigarettes on some days?’’ If

the woman responded ‘‘not at all,’’ she

is classified as a ‘‘former smoker.’’ If

the respondent said she smokes ‘‘every

day,’’ she was asked: ‘‘On the average,

how many cigarettes do you now smoke

a day?’’ If she said she smokes on

‘‘some days,’’ she was asked, ‘‘On the

average, when you smoke, how many

cigarettes do you smoke a day?’’

Cohabitation—The COHEVER recode

indicates whether the respondent has

ever lived with a man, in a sexual

relationship, outside of marriage.

Cohabitation relative to first

marriage—The COHSTAT recode

compares the starting dates of each

cohabitation with the date of first

marriage (recode=MARDAT01) and

defines three groups: ‘‘never cohabited

(outside of marriage),’’ ‘‘ever cohabited

before first marriage,’’ and ‘‘cohabited

after first marriage.’’ COHSTAT

classifies those who have ever cohabited

but never married as ‘‘ever cohabited

before first marriage.’’ However,

table 34 separately shows women who

were never married and women who

actually cohabited before a first

marriage.

Consistency of coitus-dependent

method use—Consistency refers to how

often (variable name HOWOFTEN) any

or all of the coitus-dependent methods

named by the woman for the 3 months

before interview were usually used by

the woman. The classifications for these

methods, whether used alone or in

combination with other methods, were:

used ‘‘every time,’’ ‘‘more than half the

time,’’ ‘‘about half of the time,’’ or ‘‘less

than half the time’’ over the 3-month

period. This definition refers only to

women who had intercourse at some

time during the 3 months prior to

interview.

Consistency of condom use for disease

prevention—The consistency of condom

use for disease prevention (variable

name USECONPR) was asked of a

specific subset of respondents who ever

used condoms with a partner.

Respondents who had at least one male

sexual partner in the past 12 months,

who ever used condoms with a partner,

and who reported ever using condoms

for disease prevention, were asked:

‘‘How often did you or your partner(s)

use condoms for disease prevention in

the last 12 months? Was it all the time,

more than half the time, half the time,

less than half the time, or not at all?’’

Caution should be exercised in

interpreting table 88 because of the

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 103
selectiveness of the subgroup that

received this question. If the respondent

stated that she only used condoms for

birth control, and never for disease

prevention, she was not asked this

question; her consistency of condom use

can only be determined based on

HOWOFTEN, the ‘‘consistency of

coitus-dependent method use’’ (see

above). Another potentially

misinterpreted scenario occurs if the

respondent reported that she had ever

used condoms for disease prevention,

but she never did so in the past 12

months. Because the question on

consistency of use for disease

prevention is limited to the past 12

months, her response would logically be

‘‘not at all.’’ It would be inappropriate

to conclude that she was an

‘‘inconsistent’’ user for disease

prevention when we know nothing about

her consistency of use during the time

when she was indeed using condoms for

this purpose.

Consistency of pill use—Consistency of

pill use in table 45 refers to women who

had intercourse at some time in the 3

months prior to interview and who used

the pill as their only contraceptive

method during that time. Consistency of

use over the 3-month period is classified

as: never missing a pill that she was

supposed to take (‘‘active’’ or medicated

pill) in a cycle of pills, missing only one

(active/medicated) pill that she was

supposed to take in a pill pack, or

missing two or more (active/medicated)

pills in a pill pack.

Contraceptive method use at first

intercourse—This measure applies only

to those women who have ever had

voluntary sexual intercourse. The

SEX1MTHD recode describes whether a

contraceptive method was used at all the

first time a woman had intercourse, and

if so, what method(s).

Contraceptive method use at last

intercourse—As used in table 48, this

measure is restricted to unmarried

women 15–24 years of age who had

intercourse at some time during the 3

months before interview. Each woman

was asked to report all methods, if any,

she or her partner used the last time

they had intercourse together in the 3

months before interview (variable name

USELSTSX). In the ‘‘Any method’’

column, the answer to USELSTSX was

adjusted using data on whether they had

a sterilizing operation at the time of last

intercourse. The column labeled ‘‘Pill’’

reflects pill use for any reason, whether

it was alone or in combination with

other methods. Likewise, the column

labeled ‘‘Condom’’ indicates male

condom use, alone or in combination

with other methods. The column labeled

‘‘Pill and condom’’ refers literally to the

joint use of the pill and male condom at

last intercourse. A woman who used

both the pill and condom would be

counted in all three columns—‘‘Pill,’’

‘‘Condom,’’ and ‘‘Pill and condom.’’

Couple agreement on the intendedness

of pregnancy—Traditionally, a

pregnancy is classified as ‘‘intended’’ if

the woman reports that she wanted to

become pregnant about the time she did

become pregnant. The man’s attitude is

measured by the woman’s report of

whether the father of the pregnancy

wanted her to become pregnant when

she did become pregnant. ‘‘Agreement’’

is defined as the woman and man

having the same attitude toward the

pregnancy, whether both intended or

both unintended. ‘‘Disagreement’’ is

defined as the woman and man having

mismatched attitudes about the

pregnancy—for example, the woman

reporting that she did intend to become

pregnant and the man did not intend for

her to become pregnant (that is, it was

mistimed or unwanted for him).

Current contraceptive status—The

CONSTAT1 recode shows the most

effective contraceptive method, if any,

being used by a woman in the month of

interview (in 1995). Up to three

additional methods are defined as

separate recoded variables in the data

file (CONSTAT2—CONSTAT4), but this

report presents only the CONSTAT1

recode, which indicates the most

effective contraceptive method currently

in use by the respondent.

+ Noncontraceptors:

Nonsurgically sterile (female)—A

woman was classified as

‘‘nonsurgically sterile (female)’’ if

she reported that it was impossible

for her to have a baby for any

reason other than surgical

sterilization. Nonsurgical reasons

for sterility include menopause,

accident, illness, congenital causes,

or unexplained inability to conceive.

Nonsurgically sterile (male)— A

woman was classified as

‘‘nonsurgically sterile (male)’’ if she

reported that it was impossible for

her husband or cohabiting partner to

father a child for any reason other

than surgical sterilization.

Surgically sterile (femalenoncontraceptive)—If a woman was

surgically sterile at the time of

interview for noncontraceptive

reasons, then she was classified as

‘‘surgically sterile (femalenoncontraceptive).’’ ‘‘Surgically

sterile’’ means that the woman is

completely unable to have a baby

due to an operation.

‘‘Noncontraceptive’’ reasons include

medical reasons such as trouble

with female reproductive organs.

Surgically sterile (malenoncontraceptive)—If a woman

reported that her husband or

cohabiting partner was surgically

sterile at the time of interview for

noncontraceptive reasons, then she

was classified as ‘‘surgically sterile

(male-noncontraceptive).’’ ‘‘Surgically

sterile’’ means that her husband or

cohabiting partner is completely

unable to father a baby due to an

operation. ‘‘Noncontraceptive’’

reasons include medical problems that

make pregnancy dangerous for the

respondent.

Pregnant —The recode

RCURPREG was defined as ‘‘yes,

currently pregnant’’ if the woman

answered ‘‘yes’’ to either of these

questions: ‘‘Are you pregnant

now?’’ or for those in doubt, ‘‘Do

you think you are probably pregnant

or not?’’ If the recode

RCURPREG=‘‘yes’’ then

CONSTAT1 was coded ‘‘pregnant.’’

Seeking pregnancy—A woman was

classified as ‘‘seeking pregnancy’’ if

she reported that she was not using

a contraceptive method at the time

Page 104 [ Series 23, No. 19
of interview because she or her

partner wanted her to become

pregnant as soon as possible.

Postpartum—A woman was

classified as ‘‘postpartum’’ if she

reported that she was not currently

using a method, was not trying to

become pregnant, and her last

pregnancy had terminated less than

or equal to 2 months before the

time of interview.

Other nonusers—Women who

reported that they were using no

contraceptive methods for any

reason in the month of interview

and could not be otherwise

classified were considered

‘‘nonusers.’’ Included are women

who never had (voluntary)

intercourse since their first

menstrual period; women who had

intercourse but not in the 3 months

before the interview; or women who

had intercourse at some time in the

3 months before the interview but

were not using a method in the

month of interview.

+ Contraceptors:

A woman who reported using one or

more contraceptive methods for any

reason in the month of interview was

classified by the most effective

method she used. The priority order

of use-effectiveness, from most

effective method to least effective,

was: female (contraceptive)

sterilization, male (contraceptive)

sterilization, Norplant implant,

Depo-Provera injectable, pill,

morning-after pill, IUD, diaphragm

(with or without jelly or cream),

male condom, female condom

(vaginal pouch), foam, cervical cap,

Today (TM) sponge, suppository,

jelly or cream, periodic abstinence,

withdrawal, and other methods. In

tables 41 and 42, most of the

category ‘‘other methods’’ is

comprised of the spermicide

methods—including foam, Today

(TM) sponge, suppository, and jelly

or cream. (Consult 1995 NSFG

Public Use File Documentation,

Appendix 1, for precise recode

specifications for CONSTAT1.)

Douching—All respondents in 1995

were asked about vaginal douching:

‘‘Some women douche after intercourse

or at other times, while other women do

not. Do you douche regularly?’’ The

percents answering ‘‘yes’’ to this

question are shown in table 90 according

to race and Hispanic origin and other

characteristics.

Education at interview (recode=

HIEDUC)—This measure of educational

attainment differs slightly from previous

NSFG reports in that it takes into account

the highest degree received as well as the

highest grade/year of school completed,

whereas previous reports measured

education only by the number of years

completed. HIEDUC is intended to be

comparable to the measure used by the

Bureau of Census in Current Population

Survey reports beginning in 1992 (37).

‘‘Years of schooling’’ measures of

education can differ from ‘‘Highest

degree’’ measures of education, for

example, if a woman has completed fewer

than 12 years of school but has a high

school degree, or if a woman has

completed more than 12 years but does

not have a high school degree.

The categories of HIEDUC were

defined as follows:

+ No high school diploma or general

equivalency diploma (GED)—The

woman received no high school

degree, GED, or college diploma,

regardless of the highest grade of

school completed.

+ High school diploma or GED—The

highest degree the woman obtained

is a high school diploma or GED,

and her highest completed grade of

school is 12 or lower.

+ Some college, no bachelor’s

degree—The highest degree the

woman obtained is a high school

diploma or GED, but the highest

grade of school completed is higher

than 12 or the highest degree is an

Associate’s degree.

+ Bachelor’s degree or higher—The

woman reported having a college or

university degree at the bachelor’s

level or higher, regardless of highest

grade completed.

The tables in this report show

education only for women 22–44 years

of age at interview because large

percentages of women 15–21 are still

attending school.

Ever forced to have intercourse/Age at

first forced intercourse—During the

Audio CASI, or self-administered,

portion of the survey, women were

asked (either by reading the computer

screen or listening to the headphones):

‘‘At any time in your life, have you ever

been forced by a man to have sexual

intercourse against your will?’’ If the

respondent had indicated earlier in the

interviewer-administered portion of the

survey that her first intercourse was a

rape or was not voluntary, she was

instead asked: ‘‘Besides the time you

told your interviewer about earlier, have

you ever been forced by a man to have

sexual intercourse against your will?’’

Age at first forced intercourse was

ascertained for those responding ‘‘yes’’

to the first item with the question: ‘‘How

old were you the very first time you

were forced by a man to have sexual

intercourse against your will?’’

Ever had sexual intercourse after

menarche—This measure, used in

table 19, indicates whether the

respondent has had intercourse at all

after her first menstrual period. First

intercourse after menarche is used

because it marks the beginning of her

exposure to the ‘‘risk’’ of pregnancy.

This measure is comparable to the

‘‘ever had sexual intercourse after

menarche’’ measure used in many reports

based on previous cycles of the NSFG. In

most cases, this variable is equivalent to

SEXEVER (‘‘Has respondent ever had

voluntary intercourse since first menstrual

period’’) except for a handful of cases in

which the woman had had intercourse

only once after menarche, and that

intercourse was not voluntary. Those cases

were reclassified on the basis of two other

variables in the data file: (a) the HADSEX

recode, which measures whether she ever

had intercourse at all, and (b) the

MENARCHR recode, which specifies her

age at first menstrual period. The primary

question on which these measures are

based is: ‘‘At any time in your life, have

you ever had sexual intercourse with a

man, that is, made love, had sex, or gone

all the way?’’

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 105
Ever-use of contraceptive methods—

The ANYMTHD recode indicates

whether the woman has ever used any

method of contraception for any reason,

as well as whether she ever had a

sterilization operation or had intercourse

with a male partner who had a

vasectomy.

Family background—Family background

is a summary measure representing the

parents or guardians with whom the

respondent lived from her birth until she

left home to be on her own. Respondents

were asked, ‘‘First I would like you to

start at the very beginning of your life and

tell me who you were living with right

after you were born.’’ If there were ever

changes in who the respondent’s parental

figure(s) were, she was asked to identify

one male and one female parental figure

she lived with, if any, each time there was

a change. The respondent was allowed to

report as many as 12 different living

arrangements. Family background was

constructed from recodes capturing family

types for each living arrangement:

FAMTYP01 through FAMTYP12, and a

summary recode, INTCTFAM. The

categories of family background in this

report were defined as follows:

+ Both parents from birth—if the

respondent was living with both

biological parents or both adoptive

parents at birth, and she reported that

that situation never changed until she

left home to live on her own.

+ Single parent from birth—if the

respondent lived with only one

biological parent in each living

arrangement reported, including

living with one biological parent and

a grandparent or other relative, or

one biological parent and the

parent’s boyfriend or girlfriend.

+ Both parents, then one parent—if

the respondent lived with both

biological or both adoptive parents,

and subsequently ever lived with

only one biological parent and never

lived in any other type of

arrangement.

+ Stepparent—if the respondent ever

lived with a stepparent in any living

arrangement.

+ Other—all other living arrangements.

Some examples of ‘‘other’’ living

arrangements are: ‘‘both parents, then

one parent, then both parents‘‘; ‘‘both

parents, then grandparents’’; and

nonparental arrangements, such as

group homes, foster care, or

institutions. ‘‘Other’’ arrangments also

includes ‘‘one parent, then both

parents,’’ which was relatively rare

(36 sample cases only).

Family planning and medical

services—Women 15–44 years of age

were asked whether they had received a

family planning or medical service in

the last 12 months from a medical care

provider, where they received each

service, and how they paid for it.

Women 15–24 years of age were asked

additional questions about their first

family planning visit and first clinic

visit, including the month and year they

first received a ‘‘family planning

service,’’ where they received it, and

how they paid for it.

Family planning services included a

birth control method or prescription for

a method, a checkup or medical test

related to using a birth control method,

counseling about birth control,

counseling about getting sterilized, and a

sterilizing operation. Women who

reported receiving one or more of these

services in the last 12 months were

classified as having received family

planning services in the last 12 months.

Medical services included a Pap

smear; a pelvic exam; a pregnancy test;

prenatal care; post-pregnancy care; a

blood test for infection with HIV;

testing or treatment for some other STD;

testing or treatment for vaginal, urinary

tract, or pelvic infection; or an abortion.

Women who reported receiving one or

more of these services were classified as

having received medical services in the

last 12 months.

For each family planning or medical

service she had received in the last 12

months, the woman was asked where

she received it and how she paid for it.

She was shown a card that listed

response options for type of provider

and method of payment. For type of

provider, the options listed were clinic,

private doctor’s office or health

maintenance organization (HMO), and

‘‘some other place (specify).’’ The

computer screen also provided the

response options ‘‘hospital-emergency

room’’ and ‘‘hospital-not emergency

room’’ to be coded by the interviewer

when the respondent specified

‘‘hospital’’ as ‘‘some other place.’’ The

interviewer was instructed to probe to

find out which hospital code to use. In a

‘‘Showcard Booklet’’ used by each

respondent, these categories were

defined as follows:

A clinic is a medical facility that

provides birth control or other

health services. Clinics can be

sponsored by a private organization,

such as Planned Parenthood, or a

government agency, such as public

health departments. Examples of a

‘‘clinic’’ are family planning clinics,

hospital clinics and satellites,

abortion centers, public health

department clinics, community

health center clinics, military health

service clinics, student health

service clinics, etc. If a clinic is

located in another facility, such as a

hospital, code ‘‘clinic.’’

Private doctor’s offıce or HMO refers

to one or more medical providers in a

private medical practice or in an

HMO (health maintenance

organization) setting. An HMO

provides medical services for a fixed

fee and may include prepaid group

practices, independent practitioner

associations, and preferred provider

organizations. Medical providers may

include doctors or nurses, nurse

practitioners, nurse-midwives, etc. If a

doctor’s office is located in a hospital,

code ‘‘private doctor’s office or

HMO’’ rather than ‘‘hospital.’’

Some other place may include a

women’s birthing center or any

other place that you are uncertain

about.

For payment methods, the response

options were insurance, co-payment or

out-of-pocket payment, Medicaid, or

‘‘some other way (specify).’’ The

woman could report up to four methods

of payment for each service she had

received. The categories were defined in

the respondent’s Showcard Booklet as

follows:

Insurance includes coverage by

HMO’s, other prepaid health

Page 106 [ Series 23, No. 19
insurance plans, or at a military

health facility.

Co-payment or out-of-pocket

payment refers to your income, your

husband’s or boyfriend’s income, or

money from either of your families

or friends. It includes such things as

sliding-scale discounts and

insurance co-payments or

deductibles.

Medicaid: State-specific names for

Medicaid (such as Medi-Cal in

California) should be coded as

Medicaid.

If the woman reported receiving a

family planning or medical service in

the last 12 months at a clinic, she was

asked for the name and address of her

clinic. The interview program routed the

interviewer to a database of publicly

funded family planning clinics in the

United States. This database included a

comprehensive listing of Title X-funded

family planning clinics in the country,

provided by the Office of Population

Affairs (OPA) of the Department of

Health and Human Services, as well as

other publicly funded family planning

clinics in the country, as compiled by

the Alan Guttmacher Institute (AGI). In

total, the database contained information

on approximately 7,000 clinics.

The State where the clinic was

located was selected from a list, then the

city or town was selected, and finally a

list of clinic names and street addresses

in that particular town appeared on the

screen, each with an individual code. If

located, the woman’s clinic was coded.

A woman whose clinic was coded in the

database could be classified in two

ways: first, by whether the clinic she

used was funded by the Federal Title X

family planning program, and secondly,

by the type of agency that sponsored her

clinic, that is, whether public health

department, Planned Parenthood,

hospital, or other. If the clinic named by

the respondent was not located in the

database, the interviewer exited the

database (leaving an incomplete

database clinic code) and was routed to

the next question, which asked the

interviewer to manually type the name

and address of the respondent’s clinic or

as much of it as the respondent could

provide. During the post-interview editing

process, these manually-entered clinics

were again looked up in the database

(which had been updated since the

fieldwork), and if found they were coded.

Tables 75–80 show columns headed

‘‘Public family planning clinic’’ and

‘‘Other clinic.’’ ‘‘Public family planning

clinic’’ includes clinics located and

coded from the AGI/OPA Public Family

Planning Clinic Database, either during

the interview or in the post-interview

editing process. ‘‘Other clinics’’ include

clinics that were not located in the

database. (For more information on the

clinic database, see the article, ‘‘Family

Planning Clinic Services in the United

States, 1994’’ by Jennifer J. Frost, in

Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 28,

No. 3, May/June 1996.)

Fecundity status (recode=FECUND)—

Fecundity status is the physical ability

of a woman or couple to have a child. It

is determined by responses to questions

asked in the NSFG interview, not by a

medical examination. Fecundity status,

as shown in tables 49 and 50 of this

report, has three main categories:

surgically sterile, impaired fecundity,

and fecund.

+ Surgically sterile—A woman is

classified as surgically sterile if, at

the time of interview, she had an

unreversed sterilizing operation (for

example, tubal ligation or

hysterectomy) or her husband or

cohabiting partner had an unreversed

sterilizing operation (vasectomy).

‘‘Surgically sterile’’ is divided into

‘‘contraceptive’’ and

‘‘noncontraceptive’’ subcategories,

based on the reasons reported for

sterilizing operation.

+ Impaired fecundity—A woman is

classified as having ‘‘impaired

fecundity’’ if she reported that (a) it

is impossible for her (or her

husband or cohabiting partner) to

have a baby for any reason other

than a sterilizing operation; (b) it is

difficult or dangerous to carry a

baby to term; or (c) she and her

husband/partner have been

continuously married or cohabiting,

have not used contraception, and

have not had a pregnancy for 3

years or longer.

+ Fecund—This group is a residual

category and means that the woman

(or couple) was not surgically sterile

and did not have impaired fecundity.

The percent of currently married

couples with impaired fecundity is

higher than the percent infertile

because impaired fecundity includes

problems carrying babies to term in

addition to problems conceiving,

whereas infertility includes only

problems conceiving.

Full-time/part-time work status (for

currently working women)—Full-time/

part-time work status at the time of

interview, as presented in tables 59, 61,

and 63, was determined from

questionnaire items ascertaining the

number of hours per week a woman was

currently working at her job(s). If she

was working more than one job, the

number of hours was asked for each of

up to five jobs. Counting hours from all

jobs, if the number of hours was less

than 35, then work status was classified

as ‘‘part time.’’ If the number of hours

was 35 or more, work status was

classified as ‘‘full time.’’

‘‘Happiness to get pregnant’’

scale—Women who ever had a

pregnancy were asked to report on each

pregnancy that occurred since January

1991 by telling the interviewer which

number, from 1 to 10, best described

how they felt when they found out they

were pregnant. Scale values ranged from

1 (very unhappy to be pregnant) through

10 (very happy to be pregnant).

HIV risk behaviors—HIV is human

immunodeficiency virus, the virus that

causes AIDS. In the Audio CASI

(self-administered) portion of the NSFG

interview, women were asked about

particular behaviors that may increase

their chances of becoming infected with

HIV. Table 87 shows the percents of all

women 15–44 years of age, who

reported the following HIV risk

behaviors:

+ Respondent injected drugs without a

prescription in the last year

+ Respondent had intercourse in the

last year with a male partner

—who had intercourse with other

men since 1980

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 107
—who injected drugs without a

prescription since 1980

—who had intercourse with other

women around the same time as he

had intercourse with her

HIV testing—The ANYHIV recode was

constructed to indicate each

respondent’s experience with blood

testing for HIV, the virus that causes

AIDS. Table 85 shows the percent

distribution of this recode, which has the

following categories:

+ Never tested for HIV

+ Tested for HIV only as part of blood

donation (routine since March 1985)

+ Tested for HIV only outside of

blood donation

+ Tested for HIV both in blood

donation and elsewhere

+ Tested for HIV in the past year

outside of blood donation, but no

information on whether she was also

tested as part of blood donation

The last three categories can be

combined to yield the percent of women

ever tested for HIV outside of blood

donation.

Infertility services—Women who

reported ever seeking medical help to

get pregnant were asked about the

following medical services:

+ advice

+ infertility testing (female, male, or

both)

+ drugs to improve your ovulation

+ surgery to correct blocked tubes

+ artificial insemination

(husband/partner’s sperm or donor

sperm)

+ other services:

—surgery or drug treatment for

endometriosis

—in vitro fertilization (IVF)

—surgery for uterine fibroids

—some other pelvic surgery

—other (specify)

Based on responses to these

‘‘code-all-that-apply’’ questions and their

followup questions, several recodes were

constructed to indicate whether the

respondent ever had specific infertility

services. Table 55 shows the percents of

all women 15–44 years of age who ever

received selected infertility services.

Women who reported ever seeking

medical help to prevent miscarriage

were asked about a separate list of

medical services (such as instructions to

take bedrest, drugs to prevent

miscarriage, and cervical stitches). Due

to an error in the CAPI program, these

questions were not asked in all

applicable cases, so these miscarriagespecific services are not shown in

table 55. However, the percent of

women who used any infertility services

is based on women who reported

medical help either to get pregnant or to

prevent miscarriage (recode=INFEVER).

Infertility status—Infertility is a

measure used by physicians and others

to identify couples who may need to be

evaluated to see whether medical

services could help them have a baby.

The INFERT recode is defined in this

report only for married couples in the

NSFG. When neither spouse is

surgically sterile, a couple is considered

infertile if, during the previous 12

months or longer, they were

continuously married, had not used

contraception, and had not become

pregnant. Table 51 shows three

categories: ‘‘surgically sterile,’’

‘‘infertile,’’ and ‘‘fecund,’’ where

‘‘fecund’’ is the residual category

indicating that the couple is neither

surgically sterile nor infertile.

Infertility visits in last 12 months—

Table 56 presents the total number of

visits in the past year for medical help

getting pregnant or preventing

miscarriage. Respondents were asked

separately in Cycle 5 about visits for

help getting pregnant and visits for help

preventing miscarriage. The information

from both question series was combined

to yield the total number of recent

infertility visits for the purposes of this

table.

Intendedness (wantedness) status at

conception —For this report,

pregnancies that ended in a live birth

within 5 years prior to the interview

date were classified as ‘‘intended,’’

‘‘mistimed,’’ or ‘‘unwanted.’’ A

pregnancy was classified as ‘‘intended at

conception’’ if the woman had stopped

using contraception, or had not used

contraception because she wanted to

become pregnant. ‘‘Unintended’’

pregnancies and births were those

reported as either mistimed or unwanted

at conception. Pregnancies that ended in

multiple births have been counted only

once, because only the pregnancy, a

single event, was subject to

contraceptive control.

Births that were wanted eventually

but occurred sooner than desired have

been classified as ‘‘mistimed.’’ For

example, if she wanted to have her first

child at age 22, but became pregnant at

age 17, her pregnancy was classified as

mistimed. A pregnancy was classified as

‘‘unwanted at conception’’ if the woman

had become pregnant while using

contraception and had not wanted to

have another baby ever. For example, if

she wanted to have two children in her

life and became pregnant with a third

child, that pregnancy would be classified

as unwanted. These definitions reflect

the composition of the recode

OLDWANTR, which is comparable to

the intendedness status measure used in

previous cycles of the NSFG.

The traditional series of

intendedness (wantedness) questions was

kept intact in Cycle 5, but a new

followup question was added. The

additional Cycle 5 recode WANTRESP

includes the results of that followup

question, which was asked of those who

reported their pregnancy as unwanted at

the time of conception. In previous

surveys, some women, especially young

women, were reporting their first

pregnancies as unwanted, which implied

that they did not want to have any

children ever. Some of these same

women, however, reported that their

second pregnancy was wanted. The

followup question was added to help

clarify whether the women really meant

that, at the time of conception, they did

not ever want to become pregnant. In

some cases, it appears that the women

giving these apparently inconsistent

responses meant that they never wanted

to become pregnant by the father of that

child, not that they never wanted to

become pregnant under any

circumstances. The number of cases

affected by this is small—only one and

a half percent of all recent births—but

Page 108 [ Series 23, No. 19
this new recode does clarify those

apparently inconsistent responses

effectively. Based on the results of the

followup question, some of the

pregnancies reported as unwanted in the

traditional series were reclassified as

mistimed in WANTRESP.

The male counterparts to the

recodes OLDWANTR and WANTRESP

are OLDWANTP and WANTPART,

respectively, and reflect the woman’s

reports of the father’s attitudes toward

the pregnancy at the time of conception.

If the respondent said she did not

know whether she wanted to have

a(nother) child then or in the future, the

intendedness status of the pregnancy

was categorized as ‘‘don’t know, not

sure’’ (labeled ‘‘undetermined’’ in

previous NSFG cycles). Those

pregnancies with ‘‘undetermined’’

intendedness are included in the totals

but not shown separately in

tables 12–17. For this reason, the

percents sometimes do not add to 100 in

these tables.

Marital dissolution—Dissolution of

formal marriage includes death of the

spouse, separation because of marital

discord, divorce, and annulment.

Table 36 gives the cumulative percent of

first marriages that were dissolved by

separation, divorce, or annulment—that

is, dissolved for reasons of marital

discord. Widowhood was rare. For

example, less than 5 percent of first

marriage dissolutions were due to the

husband’s death, and less than 1 percent

of women 15–44 years of age in 1995

were widows (table 32).

Marital status (at interview)—The

FMARITAL recode classifies women

according to their formal (legal) marital

status at time of interview—married,

widowed, divorced, separated, or never

legally married. Cohabiting women who

were not legally married were classified

as widowed, divorced, separated, or

never married, according to their legal

status.

Marital status at time of birth—The

FMAROUT5 recode gives the woman’s

formal (legal) marital status at the time

when each of her pregnancies ended:

married, divorced, separated, widowed,

or never married. ′′Marital status at

birth’’ shown in this report is defined as

FMAROUT5, where the OUTCOME

recode equals ‘‘live birth.’’ Divorced,

separated, and widowed women are

combined into the ‘‘formerly married’’

group. ‘‘Married’’ and ‘‘never married’’

comprise the other categories shown.

Marital status at time of conception—

The recode for ‘‘marital status at

conception,’’ FMARCON5, is used in

some tables concerning contraceptive

method use and intendedness of

pregnancies. For each completed

pregnancy, it is defined as the

respondent’s formal (legal) marital

status at the approximate time when her

pregnancy was conceived, regardless of

pregnancy outcome. The categories

generally presented in this report are:

married, formerly married, and never

married.

Maternity leave—The MATERNLV

recode describes the use or lack of use

of maternity leave for each pregnancy

resulting in live birth. Table 58 gives the

percent distribution of MATERNLV for

each woman’s most recent birth. The

first two categories shown are ‘‘not

employed during this pregnancy’’ and

‘‘took maternity leave.’’ The remaining

three categories describe women who

did not take maternity leave. The group

labeled ‘‘not needed’’ includes women

who did not need to take maternity

leave:

+ due to the timing of their birth

relative to their job schedules (for

example, school teachers who

delivered during summer break)

+ due to the nature of their jobs (for

example, worked out of their homes,

self-employed)

+ because they decided to quit their

jobs after delivery.

The group labeled ‘‘not offered’’

includes women:

+ whose employers did not offer (or

denied) maternity leave at all (for

example, woman would be fired if

she took leave)

+ whose job benefits did not include

maternity leave (for example,

because woman was a part-time

employee).

The final group labeled ‘‘other reasons’’

includes women who decided to quit

their jobs before delivery, who could not

afford to take maternity leave for

personal or financial reasons, and who

continued to work right after delivery.

Menarche—Menarche, or age at first

menstrual period in completed years, is

given by the MENARCHR recode.

Method of payment for delivery—For

each pregnancy resulting in live birth,

women reported up to three sources of

payment for the delivery costs. The

PAYDELIV recode combined all sources

mentioned into one variable with the

following six mutually exclusive

categories:

+ own income only

+ insurance only

+ own income and insurance only

+ Medicaid at all

+ other government sources at all

+ all other sources or combinations

Women reporting any use of

Medicaid—including State-specific

variants—were classified first, followed

by women reporting any use of other

government sources.

Table 69 shows the percent

distribution of PAYDELIV for each

woman’s most recent delivery occurring

in 1991–95. Cycle 5 data show

markedly higher percents in the

Medicaid group than seen in Cycle 4

data (42) because in Cycle 5, ‘‘any

receipt’’ (as opposed to ‘‘only receipt’’)

of Medicaid or its State-specific variants

was counted in this category. In Cycle

4, some women reporting State-specific

variants of Medicaid may have been

classified as ‘‘other government

assistance’’ or ‘‘all other sources or

combinations.’’ In any case, it is

possible to construct a parallel variable

for Cycle 4 that would allow direct

comparison with Cycle 5.

Months from first intercourse to first

marriage —First intercourse in this case

refers to ‘‘first intercourse after

menarche.’’ Months from first

intercourse to first marriage, among

ever-married women, is defined

primarily based on two recodes:

SEX1FOR and SEXMAR.

If first intercourse happened before

first marriage, the duration between the

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 109
two events is calculated by subtracting

the date of first intercourse since

menarche from the date of first

marriage. If first intercourse after

menarche occurred after first marriage,

or both events occurred in the same

month, it is indicated accordingly in

table 26.

Months pregnant when prenatal care

began—For all pregnancies ending in

any way other than induced abortion in

1991–95, women were asked to report if

they had ever visited a doctor, midwife,

or clinic for prenatal care. Those who

reported any prenatal care were then

asked how many weeks or months

pregnant they were when they first went

for prenatal care. The PNCAREWK

recode indicates the number of weeks

pregnant at first prenatal visit. Table 83

gives the percent distribution of

PNCAREWK for all pregnancies that

resulted in live birth in 1991–95. The

categories shown are ‘‘less than 3

months,’’ ‘‘3–4 months,’’ and ‘‘5 months

or more or no prenatal care.’’ ‘‘Less

than 3 months’’ is defined as less than

13 weeks, to be consistent with the

definition of early (first trimester)

prenatal care in previous reports from

the NSFG.

Mother’s education (recode=

EDUCMOM)—‘‘Mother’s education’’

was classified according to the highest

grade of regular school or college

completed by the respondent’s mother

or mother-figure. This measure differs

slightly from past NSFG reports that

were based on a question asking for

education of ‘‘mother’’ or ‘‘stepmother.’’

The Cycle 5 version differs because the

identity of the mother or mother-figure

was ascertained in a more precise way:

if the childhood living arrangements

showed that the respondent lived with

her natural mother at some point and

never lived with a female parent other

than the natural mother, then the natural

mother is the person about whom

education was asked. Otherwise, the

respondent was asked: ‘‘Who, if anyone,

do you think of as the woman who

mostly raised you when you were a

teenager?’’ The person reported

becomes the person about whom

education is asked. Respondents eligible

for that question were allowed to

respond ‘‘no such person,’’ and

0.7 percent of sample cases fell into this

category. This category is labeled ‘‘no

mother-figure identified’’ in the tables.

An additional 4.3 percent of interviewed

women had missing data on mother’s

education, and these values for the

EDUCMOM recode were imputed.

Nonvoluntary first sexual

intercourse—The voluntary/

nonvoluntary status of first intercourse

was determined from two questions in

the interviewer-administered interview.

First, respondents were asked: ‘‘Looking

at the scale on Card C-3, which number

would you say comes closest to

describing how much you wanted that

first sexual intercourse to happen? On

this scale,a1 means that you really

didn’t want it to happen at the time, and

a 10 means that you really wanted it to

happen.’’ Women who responded to this

question that their first intercourse was a

rape are classified as having

nonvoluntary first intercourse.

Respondents who reported anything

other than ‘‘rape’’ were asked: ‘‘Would

you say then that this first sexual

intercourse was voluntary or not

voluntary?’’ Respondents answering

‘‘not voluntary’’ are also classified as

having nonvoluntary first intercourse for

the table (table 21).

Number of husbands or cohabiting

partners—The recode FMARNO gives

the number of times a woman has been

legally married. Women were also asked

the number of other cohabiting partners

they may have had. Table 37 is based on

the total number of husbands and

cohabiting partners, computed as

follows:

FMARNO + (1 if currently cohabiting)

+ (# of other cohabiting partners)

Husbands with whom a woman also

cohabited (outside of marriage) are

counted only once, as husbands.

Number of male sexual partners—Each

woman who had ever had voluntary

sexual intercouse was asked to report

the number or range (low-high) of males

with whom she has had sexual (vaginal)

intercourse in her life, as of the date of

interview. She was also asked to report

her number of male sexual partners

since January 1991 (roughly the last 5

years) and in the last 12 months. If a

range of partners was reported, the

number of partners was calculated as the

average of the low and high numbers. In

those few cases where the respondent

reported zero partners for the low end of

the range and one partner for the high

end, the number of partners was set

equal to one. Respondents who had

never had intercourse or who had only

had (first) nonvoluntary intercourse were

assigned zero.

There were two versions of this

series of three questions about number

of male sexual partners. The description

above applies to the version in the

interviewer-administered portion of the

survey, and these results are presented in

tables 27, 29, and 31. These questions

were repeated in the Audio CASI, or

self-administered, portion of the survey,

at the end of the interview. Each pair of

questions (interviewer-administered and

self-administered) was worded almost

identically, although the Audio CASI

questions asked for a specific number

and did not allow a range to be given.

Also, the questions in the selfadministered portion were prefaced by

the following instruction: ‘‘...when you

answer, include any partners that you

may have already told your interviewer

about and any that you did not want to

talk with the interviewer about.’’ The

self-administered versions of the

‘‘number of partners’’ data appear in

tables 28, 30, and 32.

Number of pregnancies and number of

live births —The PREGNUM recode

(used in table 3) specifies the total

number of pregnancies, including a

current pregnancy, reported by the

woman. The PARITY recode (used as

the dependent variable in table 4 and 5)

gives the total number of babies born,

accounting for multiple births, from all

pregnancies reported by the woman in

the interviewer-administered portion of

the survey.

In the self-administered (Audio

CASI) part of the interview, women

were asked again about pregnancies

ending in abortion. Taking one of

several possible approaches, a few

recodes were defined to combine

Page 110 [ Series 23, No. 19
pregnancy information from the

interviewer-administered questions and

the self-administered questions. Results

from those recoded variables are not

shown in this report because further

study of the data is needed. For

example, some women appear to have

reported the same abortions they

reported earlier in the interview but

changed the dates (perhaps because they

were not using the life history calendar

to recall the date); others appear to have

reported additional abortions; and still

others reported abortions on the same

dates as pregnancies they reported

earlier but with a different outcome (for

example, reported earlier as a

miscarriage). Thus, tables 3–5 only show

data from the interviewer-administered

portion of the survey.

+ Pregnancy data in NSFG compared

with other sources—It is likely that

the figures in table 3 are

conservative estimates of the percent

of U.S. women who have ever been

pregnant. As table 6 demonstrates,

NSFG estimates of births are very

good: they differ from the numbers

of births registered on birth

certificates by less than sampling

error. NSFG data on miscarriages

and stillbirths (pregnancies

recognized by the mother without

special methods of detection) have

traditionally been very close to

estimates derived from other

surveys. However, the NSFG, like

nearly all other fertility surveys in

the world, has not obtained complete

reports of induced abortions, either

in past cycles, or in the 1995 survey

(39). This means that if significant

proportions of women do not report

their abortions in the NSFG, the

percents who have ever been

pregnant a given number of times

will be lower in the survey data than

they actually are in the population.

The data in table 3 are from the

intervieweradministered part of the NSFG.

Including data from the selfadministered (Audio CASI) part of

the survey raises the number of

abortions reported, but comparisons

with other data show that reporting

is still incomplete.

Outcome of first cohabitation—The

COHOUT recode describes the outcome

(or status at time of interview) of each

woman’s first cohabitation. Those who

married their first cohabiting partners

are represented in the groups labeled

‘‘intact marriage’’ or ‘‘dissolved

marriage.’’ Those who did not marry

their first cohabiting partners are shown

in ‘‘intact cohabitation’’ or ‘‘dissolved

cohabitation.’’

Pelvic inflammatory disease—The

PIDTREAT recode indicates whether the

respondent has ever been treated for

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID),

based on this question asked of all

respondents in 1995: ‘‘Have you ever

been treated for an infection in your

fallopian tubes, womb, or ovaries, also

called a pelvic infection, pelvic

inflammatory disease, or P.I.D.?’’ (IF

DON’T KNOW, PROBE: ‘‘This is a

female infection that sometimes causes

abdominal pain or lower stomach

cramps.’’)

Poverty level income at interview

(recode=POVERTY)—The poverty

index ratio was calculated by dividing

the total family income by the

weighted average threshold income of

families whose head of household was

under 65 years of age, based on the

1994 poverty levels defined by the

U.S. Census Bureau and shown in

reference 38. This definition of

poverty status takes into account the

number of persons in the family. Total

family income includes income from

all sources for all members of the

respondent’s family. For example, for

a family of four in 1994, the poverty

level was $15,141. So, if a family of

four had an income of $30,000, their

poverty level income would be

(30,000/15,141) × 100, or 198

percent. This respondent would be

classified in the category

‘‘150–299 percent.’’

As with the education variable

(HIEDUC), the tables in this report

show poverty level income only for

women 22–44 years of age at

interview. This is because reports of

income by younger women are likely

to be less accurate. One reason is that

they are more likely to be trying to

report the income of their parent(s),

and less likely to be contributors to

family income themselves.

For 1,233 of the 10,847

respondents, or 11.4 percent, total family

income at the date of the NSFG

interview in 1995 was missing.

However, the value of total family

income in 1993, at the time of the NHIS

interview, was reported for 963 of these

1,233 women. Regression equations,

using the 1993 income when available,

were used to predict the 1995 value of

total family income. The total family

income was divided by the poverty

threshhold for the number of people in

the household to calculate the poverty

level. For a more complete discussion of

the imputation procedure for total family

income and poverty level income, see

reference 13.

Pregnancy or birth order—

Pregnancies are classified by

pregnancy order, the variable

PREGORDR. Where PREGORDR

equals 1, the pregnancy was the

respondent’s ‘‘first’’; where

PREGORDR equals 2, it is her

‘‘second.’’ Births are similarly

classified by birth order; birth order

was defined based on pregnancy order

and the pregnancy outcome recode

(OUTCOME=‘‘live birth’’). Where

birth order is ‘‘first,’’ it was the

respondent’s ‘‘first birth,’’ and so on.

Race and Hispanic origin—The

HISPRACE recode classifies women as

‘‘Hispanic,’’ ‘‘Non-Hispanic white,’’

‘‘Non-Hispanic black,’’ or

‘‘Non-Hispanic other,’’ based on two

other recoded variables, HISPANIC and

RACE. All respondents who answered

‘‘yes’’ to the following question were

coded as ‘‘Hispanic’’: ‘‘Are you of

Hispanic or Spanish origin?’’ Those

who answered ‘‘yes’’ were asked, ‘‘Are

you Puerto Rican, Cuban, Mexican, or a

member of some other group?’’

The RACE recode was based on

responses to the following question:

‘‘Which of the groups best describes

your racial background?’’ The response

list was as follows:

+ Alaskan native or American Indian

+ Asian or Pacific Islander

+ Black

+ White

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 111
Up to four racial groups could be

chosen. Respondents who identified

themselves with more than one racial

group were asked to select one group

that ‘‘best describes’’ them, and the

RACE recode reflected this response.

Because of limited sample size, Asian,

Pacific Islander, Alaskan native, and

American Indian women were combined

and presented in this report as

‘‘Non-Hispanic other’’ races.

+ Comparison with birth certificate

data—The data in table 6 of this

report show that for the years

1991–94, the NSFG estimates of

the number of births are very close

to the birth certificate totals, both

overall, for individual years, and

for births to white women. The

NSFG estimates are somewhat

lower for black women and

somewhat higher for women of

‘‘other’’ races than the birth

certificate data. These differences

largely (within sampling error)

cancel each other out. But the data

in table 6 suggest that some

women who report that they are of

‘‘other’’ races (Asian or Pacific

Islander, or American Indian or

Alaskan native) in a survey like

the NSFG may be classified as

white or black by a third party

filling out a birth certificate. In

addition, some women who

identify with more than one racial

group may identify themselves

primarily with a particular group,

but a third party may not choose

that racial group if asked to

classify them by race. These issues

do not appear to affect the

comparability of the total number

of births by year or other

characteristics, which show very

good agreement between the

NSFG and the registered births.

+ Interpretation of data by race and

Hispanic origin—Data are shown

by race and Hispanic origin in the

tables because NCHS is frequently

asked to provide data separately

for white, black, and Hispanic

women. Race is associated with a

number of indicators of social and

economic status. Measures of

socioeconomic status (for example,

education and income) are not

always available for the point in

time when the event being studied

occurred. While characteristics

such as education and income can

change over time, race and

ethnicity do not change so they

can be used at all points in time as

proxies for socioeconomic status.

Differences among white, black,

and Hispanic women in the

phenomena presented in the tables

primarily reflect the lower income

and educational levels of black and

Hispanic women, their more

limited access to health care and

health insurance, the communities

in which they live, and other

factors (see reference 14, tables 49,

53, 81, 173). For some recent

analyses of differences in birth

rates by race and origin, see

references 1, 15, 40, and 41.

Reasons for HIV test—All

respondents who reported that they

had ever had their blood tested for

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),

the virus that causes AIDS, were

asked the reasons for their most

recent test. The response list was as

follows:

+ for a hospitalization or surgical

procedure

+ to apply for health or life insurance

+ because you were pregnant or

because it was part of prenatal care

+ just to find out if you were infected

+ because of a referral by a doctor

+ other reason (specify)

Table 86 shows the percents citing

specific reasons, with the percents

adding to more than 100 because some

women gave more than one reason for

their HIV test.

Reasons for sterilizing operations—

Table 54 shows reasons reported for

tubal ligations, hysterectomies, and

vasectomies. For each of her

sterilizing operations, the respondent

was asked: ‘‘Now please look at Card

D-3 which lists some reasons that

women sometimes give for having

sterilizing operations. Which reason or

reasons do you believe are closest to your

own?’’ Women could choose all of the

applicable responses from the following

list:

+ You had all the children you wanted

+ Your husband or partner at the time

did not want any more children

+ Financial reasons, that is, you could

not afford another baby

+ Medical reasons

+ Reasons related to birth control

+ Some other reasons for sterilization

Those mentioning ‘‘medical reasons’’

were asked: ‘‘Please look at Card D-4.

Which of these medical reasons did you

have?’’ The response list, again

permitting all applicable reasons to be

coded, read as follows:

+ Medical problems with your female

organs

+ Pregnancy would be dangerous to

your health

+ You would probably lose a

pregnancy

+ You would probably have an

unhealthy child

+ Some other medical reason (specify)

Those mentioning ‘‘reasons related to

birth control’’ in the original question

were asked: ‘‘Was your method of

birth control dangerous to your health

or did you not like your method of

birth control for other reasons?’’

Women reporting more than one

reason for their sterilizing operation

were asked to identify their main

reason.

Reasons for vasectomies—Women

were only asked about reasons for

vasectomy if her current husband or

cohabiting partner had his vasectomy

during their relationship. The

questions asked about reasons for

vasectomy were generally similar to

those asked for female sterilization

operations. The exception was that in

the response list for medical reasons,

‘‘medical problems with your female

organs’’ was replaced with ‘‘HE had a

health problem that required the

operation.’’

Region of residence (at interview)—The

REGION recode classifies region of

residence at time of interview into the

four major census regions: Northeast,

Midwest, South, and West. These

Page 112 [ Series 23, No. 19
regions, which correspond to those used

by the U.S. Bureau of the Census, are as

follows:

Region States included

Northeast Maine, New Hampshire,

Vermont, Massachusetts,

Rhode Island, Connecticut,

New York, New Jersey, and

Pennsylvania

Midwest Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,

Michigan, Wisconsin,

Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri,

North Dakota, South Dakota,

Nebraska, and Kansas

South Delaware, Maryland, District

of Columbia, Virginia, West

Virginia, North Carolina,

South Carolina, Georgia,

Florida, Kentucky, Tennessee,

Alabama, Mississippi,

Arkansas, Louisiana,

Oklahoma, and Texas

West Montana, Idaho, Wyoming,

Colorado, New Mexico,

Arizona, Utah, Nevada,

Washington, Oregon,

California, Alaska, and

Hawaii

Relationship of other children

raised—Each respondent 18–44 years of

age was asked if any child not born to

her had ever lived with her under her

care and responsibility. Women who

reported caring for one or more other

children were asked how the child was

related, if at all, to her, and the

categories included ‘‘stepchild’’ and

‘‘child of relative, friend, or partner.’’

For those who were not stepchildren,

women were also asked if the child

came to them as a foster child. For all

children, women were asked if they

adopted the child. Table 65 gives the

percents of all women 18–44 years of

age who ever cared for a child not born

to them and the percents who cared for

children with the specified relationships.

Relationship with partner at first

voluntary intercourse—This measure is

derived from a question asking the

respondent to describe her relationship

with her first voluntary sexual partner at

the time she first had intercourse with

him. Respondents could choose from the

following categories: just met, just

friends, went out once in a while, going

together/going steady, engaged, or other

(specify). For respondents whose first

intercourse occurred in the same month

and year as first marriage, the

relationship was classified as ‘‘married.’’

Residence at interview—The U.S.

Office of Management and Budget

defines metropolitan statistical areas

(MSA’s). The METRO recode classifies

places of residence at time of interview

in 1995 into three categories, based on

1990 Census population counts: central

cities of metropolitan areas; suburban

parts of metropolitan areas; and

nonmetropolitan areas. Women in the

first two categories are often referred to

as ‘‘metropolitan’’ residents, while those

in the last category are referred to as

‘‘nonmetropolitan area’’ residents.

Nonmetropolitan areas may include both

rural and urban places of residence.

Sex education—The survey asked all

women whether they ever had any

formal instruction before the age of 18,

on each of three topics: methods of birth

control, sexually transmitted diseases,

and ‘‘abstinence or how to say no to

sex.’’ Women 15–29 years of age were

also asked whether they ever had any

formal instruction before the age of 18

on: ‘‘how to prevent AIDS using safe

sex practices.’’

The category ‘‘received any formal

instruction’’ (table 91) was computed

from the responses to four questions

asking whether she had received formal

instruction on each of the four different

topics. If any of the answers was ‘‘yes,’’

the woman was classified as having

received formal instruction. Women 30

years of age and older, who did not

receive the question about instruction on

AIDS prevention, are included in the

denominator for this column in table 91.

For the purposes of this column, it was

assumed that their answer would be

‘‘no’’ to the question about instruction

on AIDS prevention.

Source of health insurance

coverage—Health insurance coverage

was determined from several questions.

Respondents were asked whether, in the

past 12 months, they were covered by

Medicaid and whether they were

covered by CHAMPUS/CHAMPVA

(military health insurance). They were

then asked if, in the past 12 months,

they were ‘‘covered by a health

insurance plan that pays for hospital or

doctor bills’’ (in addition to Medicaid

and/or military insurance, if they had

already reported those types of

coverage). Women who responded ‘‘no’’

to each of those three questions were

classified as ‘‘not covered’’ in tables 67

and 68. Women who responded that

they had been covered by health

insurance were asked to choose as many

as were applicable from a list of

possible sources of insurance, with the

members of the list and their wording

depending on the respondent’s marital

status, age, and whether or not she was

still living in the parental home. Based

on this, the following responses could

have been selected:

+ got insurance through respondent’s

work

+ got insurance through husband’s

work

+ bought insurance themselves

(respondent and spouse)

+ covered under parent’s insurance

+ bought insurance herself

The respondent could also have

specified a source other than those

listed. The categories in tables 67 and

68 correspond to those choices.

Steps taken to adopt—Each respondent

18–44 years of age was asked if she

was currently seeking to adopt a child.

(In the series of questions about children

not born to her that lived under her care

and responsibility, some respondents

may have already reported that they

were currently in the process of trying

to adopt a child. For the question about

current adoption-seeking, women were

asked to answer only about adoption

efforts for children not already

discussed.) The specific steps that

women were asked about include:

+ formally applying to an adoption

agency

+ engaging a lawyer to make

arrangements for an adoption

+ placing a newspaper ad (to locate a

child to adopt)

+ taking any other steps (for example,

reading about adoption)

Series 23, No. 19 [ Page 113
Sterilizing operations—In tables 52–54,

data on surgical sterilization by type of

operation are presented. Women who

had ever had sexual intercourse were

asked: ‘‘Have you ever had both . . . of

your tubes tied, cut, or removed? This

procedure is often called a tubal

ligation.’’ Women who had ever had

sexual intercourse and were still

menstruating were asked: ‘‘Have you

ever had a hysterectomy, that is, surgery

to remove your uterus?’’ and ‘‘Have you

ever had both your ovaries removed?’’

Then, all women who had ever had

intercourse were asked: ‘‘Have you ever

had any other operation that makes it

impossible for you to have a(nother)

baby?’’ Women who were married or

cohabiting at time of interview were

asked: ‘‘Has [NAME OF HUSBAND/

PARTNER] ever had a vasectomy or any

other operation that would make it

impossible for him to father a baby in

the future?’’ Based on the answers to

these and their followup questions,

women were classified as having ever

had a tubal ligation, hysterectomy, ovary

removal, or other female sterilizing

operation, and their husbands/partners

were classified as having ever had a

vasectomy. In theory, women could

report all four types of operations, but

the most common combination of

multiple operations was tubal ligation

and hysterectomy some time later.

Timing of first birth in relation to first

marriage—The MAR1BIR1 recode

indicates the number of months elapsed

between first marriage and first birth.

The date of marriage is given by the

recode MARDAT01, and the date of

first birth is given by the recode

BABY1MO. Table 11 shows the percent

distribution of MAR1BIR1,

distinguishing one additional group not

distinguished in the recode. Women who

never had a birth are shown separately

in the ‘‘no births’’ group. The ‘‘before

marriage’’ group combines women who

were never married with women who

had their first birth before their first

marriage.

Total births expected—Tables 1 and 2

show the number of children a woman

expects to give birth to in her lifetime.

Total births expected is the sum of the

number of children ever born

(recode=PARITY) and the number of

additional births expected

(recode=ADDEXP).

Work status (for total sample of

women)—Work status at time of

interview, as seen in tables 67 and 68,

includes three categories: ‘‘full time,’’

‘‘part time,’’ and ‘‘not working.’’ To be

classified as ‘‘not working,’’ the

respondent must have chosen any

category other than ‘‘working’’ to a

question asking what she was doing

most of the time the week before the

survey. These other categories of

activities are: not working at a job due

to temporary illness, vacation, strike,

etc.; on maternity leave from job;

unemployed, laid off, or looking for

work; keeping house; going to school;

on permanent disability; or something

else. If the respondent said that she was

‘‘keeping house’’ or ‘‘going to school’’

most of the time during the week prior

to the interview, she was asked whether

she worked for pay at any time that

week. Those who answered ‘‘no’’ to this

followup question were added to the

category ‘‘not working.’’

Year of birth and year of first

birth—The YRPREG recode gives the

year when the pregnancy ended. Year of

birth is defined as YRPREG where the

OUTCOME recode equals ‘‘live birth.’’

Year of first birth is based on the

BABY1MO recode, which gives the

date in century months of a woman’s

first birth.

Page 114 [ Series 23, No. 19
Vital and Health Statistics

series descriptions

SERIES 1. Programs and Collection Procedures—These reports

describe the data collection programs of the National Center

for Health Statistics. They include descriptions of the methods

used to collect and process the data, definitions, and other

material necessary for understanding the data.

SERIES 2. Data Evaluation and Methods Research—These reports

are studies of new statistical methods and include analytical

techniques, objective evaluations of reliability of collected

data, and contributions to statistical theory. These studies also

include experimental tests of new survey methods and

comparisons of U.S. methodology with those of other

countries.

SERIES 3. Analytical and Epidemiological Studies—These reports

present analytical or interpretive studies based on vital and

health statistics. These reports carry the analyses further than

the expository types of reports in the other series.

SERIES 4. Documents and Committee Reports—These are final

reports of major committees concerned with vital and health

statistics and documents such as recommended model vital

registration laws and revised birth and death certificates.

SERIES 5. International Vital and Health Statistics Reports—These

reports are analytical or descriptive reports that compare U.S.

vital and health statistics with those of other countries or

present other international data of relevance to the health

statistics system of the United States.

SERIES 6. Cognition and Survey Measurement—These reports are

from the National Laboratory for Collaborative Research in

Cognition and Survey Measurement. They use methods of

cognitive science to design, evaluate, and test survey

instruments.

SERIES 10. Data From the National Health Interview Survey—These

reports contain statistics on illness; unintentional injuries;

disability; use of hospital, medical, and other health services;

and a wide range of special current health topics covering

many aspects of health behaviors, health status, and health

care utilization. They are based on data collected in a

continuing national household interview survey.

SERIES 11. Data From the National Health Examination Survey, the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, and

the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey—

Data from direct examination, testing, and measurement on

representative samples of the civilian noninstitutionalized

population provide the basis for (1) medically defined total

prevalence of specific diseases or conditions in the United

States and the distributions of the population with respect to

physical, physiological, and psychological characteristics, and

(2) analyses of trends and relationships among various

measurements and between survey periods.

SERIES 12. Data From the Institutionalized Population Surveys—

Discontinued in 1975. Reports from these surveys are

included in Series 13.

SERIES 13. Data From the National Health Care Survey—These

reports contain statistics on health resources and the public’s

use of health care resources including ambulatory, hospital,

and long-term care services based on data collected directly

from health care providers and provider records.

SERIES 14. Data on Health Resources: Manpower and Facilities—

Discontinued in 1990. Reports on the numbers, geographic

distribution, and characteristics of health resources are now

included in Series 13.

SERIES 15. Data From Special Surveys—These reports contain

statistics on health and health-related topics collected in

special surveys that are not part of the continuing data

systems of the National Center for Health Statistics.

SERIES 16. Compilations of Advance Data From Vital and Health

Statistics—Advance Data Reports provide early release of

information from the National Center for Health Statistics’

health and demographic surveys. They are compiled in the

order in which they are published. Some of these releases

may be followed by detailed reports in Series 10–13.

SERIES 20. Data on Mortality—These reports contain statistics on

mortality that are not included in regular, annual, or monthly

reports. Special analyses by cause of death, age, other

demographic variables, and geographic and trend analyses

are included.

SERIES 21. Data on Natality, Marriage, and Divorce—These reports

contain statistics on natality, marriage, and divorce that are

not included in regular, annual, or monthly reports. Special

analyses by health and demographic variables and

geographic and trend analyses are included.

SERIES 22. Data From the National Mortality and Natality Surveys—

Discontinued in 1975. Reports from these sample surveys,

based on vital records, are now published in Series 20 or 21.

SERIES 23. Data From the National Survey of Family Growth—

These reports contain statistics on factors that affect birth

rates, including contraception, infertility, cohabitation,

marriage, divorce, and remarriage; adoption; use of medical

care for family planning and infertility; and related maternal

and infant health topics. These statistics are based on

national surveys of women of childbearing age.

SERIES 24. Compilations of Data on Natality, Mortality, Marriage,

Divorce, and Induced Terminations of Pregnancy—

These include advance reports of births, deaths, marriages,

and divorces based on final data from the National Vital

Statistics System that were published as supplements to the

Monthly Vital Statistics Report (MVSR). These reports provide

highlights and summaries of detailed data subsequently

published in Vital Statistics of the United States. Other

supplements to the MVSR published here provide selected

findings based on final data from the National Vital Statistics

System and may be followed by detailed reports in Series 20

or 21.

For answers to questions about this report or for a list of reports published

in these series, contact:

Data Dissemination Branch

National Center for Health Statistics

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

6525 Belcrest Road, Room 1064

Hyattsville, MD 20782

(301) 436–8500

E-mail: nchsquery@nch10a.em.cdc.gov

Internet: http://www.cdc.gov/nchswww/nchshome.htm
DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 97-1995, Series 23, No. 19

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