THE IBIPROTEIENT OF THE PARK SY8TE11 

OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUYBIA. 

1.-REPORT OF THE SESATE COJI;\IlTTEE OS THE 

DISTRICT OF COLUJIRIA. 

EDITEI) WY 

CHARLES J100KE. 

CLERK UP THE SESATE COX3IITTEE OX THE DISTRICT 01: C'OLrMRI.4. 

WASHIKGTON: 

OVERSMEST PRISTING OFFICE. 

1902. 


Report 18f the relnate ('ommittet. OII the District ($1 ('1blnn111i11 ................................... 

St>niltc re.r~lntinn ~mlr.rinz r~ report on the pnrk *?.'ten.. .................................... 

Scm4ty of u rnmprche~~sive 1,Ian. .......................................................... 

hppoilitnlelrt ni u ('8,mmis=ion ............................................................. 

Thc.~~rohlem ~tilterl .......................................................................... 

The rrri~ilirnl p1a11 oi \\'~Is~I~IIP~(~I.. .......................................................... 

Opi~~inns oi I;~v~rnme~it a,fli(~rs 1111 tht* ('oni~ni-i~,~~. ........................................ 

The r;~ilrr~,~(l~,rol,le~n ......................................................................... 

Chnrnrtur nf thc ~IIIII<. ....................................................................... 

bloclcls 111id ill~~~trntion~. ..................................................................... 

Concr~ltr:nrio~~ oi inrllhrrit!. .................................................................. 

Report 01 tht. Piirk ('ornniis-i011 ................................................................ 

('har~ipt,~ in the Mell ......................................................................... 

Improvenit~nts nc.~~~~rnplisht*l ............................................................... 

\Va+hinrt,,~~ 115 (1 rapitill (.it!- ............................................................... 

Climatic. cv~rrditinn~ ~i \\-a~hingt(,~n. ........................................................ 

The rwrc-it? of i<m~itt~ins. ................................................................... 

t'iiblic bnth. runcl pyn~n~~ri~~ni'. ............................................................... 

Location oipnl,liv I,riilrlirip. ................................................................. 

.\ union railrnnrl .tt~tiori ..................................................................... 

The Jlall sy-tcn~ .................................................................................. 

Tlw ('~ipit~d dli~-i.iorr.. ........................................................................ 

T'nimi Srlll;lrr ................................................................................. 

Tht. \litll ...................................................................................... 

l'ht. \\-:~sllinytnn .\lonnnlcnl di\-isi4m ........................................................ 

Thc \\'r~.liir~t.t~~~~ ('~~~nrntm .................................................................... 

The Lin~mll~ mt.11111rial ............................. ---- ........................................ 

The Jlcniori,rl Hri~lzc. dn:~l~).t~n~i I\ltt~~d. i~llrl tl~r S,~tit~~~nl ('mnic~tery ;It .\rli~~mu~. ............. 

l'hc \Icmorir~l lirirlrr.. ...................................................................... 

The tre~~tnrent .\rliligtw~ ('rrnt~rt.r> ....................................................... 

The group in^ ~II th~. huilrlint?~ nf the E:x(.(wti\v 11t~~1~1rtn1~'nt- .................................. 

The area s11t1111 <ni I'c~~nuylrwnia a~enuv. ......................................................... 

Tht. 11istril111tiorl thc pinrk.. ................................................................... 

Tol~oun~phy tti thr Iliutrict td ('olnrn1,iir ...................................................... 

Tlrr nwrl i#,r tdrlitinnnl pt~rk.. ............................................................... 

Trer~trn~.nt II~ nii~nor rv+rr\tntions ................................................................. 

I'I>~)-gro~~~ltlr.. ................................................................................ 

The largcr 1,~rl;s and their <.onnwtirm- ....................................... . ~ .~. 

Potolll,lc',Il,ly ................................................................................ 

Riwk Crrc~k p~rk\\xy ......................................................................... 

Zw~le~picaI hrk.. ............................................................................. 

Rock ('reek hrk ............................................................................. 

The wction west oi Kork Crtrk ................................................................. 

Fort Reno I'ark .............................................................................. 

Soapstone parkwy ........................................................................... 

Receiving resrrrnlr.. ..................................................................... 

Pcltonlacdrivc ............................................................................... 

Fort Kemlde Park ............................................................................ 

Battery Parrott ..... .r ........................................................................ 

Georg.etown ~,arli\\-a!- ......................................................................... 

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . 5 

Page . Proposed new nnion station .................................................................. facing 29 

Interior view of the proposed new union station ............................................ farinr 9 

F~untairl . Vnux-le-Vicomte ........................................................................ 30 

On the Pincian Hill. Rome ......................................................................... 31 

View of the Cnpitol . nsseen from the 31all ................................................... facil~r 37 

section throngh Cnpitol. cast nnd west ...................................................... farinp 37 

Viem proposed treatment of hasin. terraces and . Capitol trppronrhe ... head of JInI1 .. fari~lg 37 

The Capitol . west elevation. showing proposed tcrrace. restorntion of th? Rnlfinrh gates nnrl 

boundary fence. fountains . and approaches ................................................ fa c.ir~p 37 

Jjulfinrh tiatehouse. formerly on Capitol grounds .................................................. 39 

\'ie\v ~howing the proposed treatment of rnion Square.. at the head nf tlw 31811 ............ incine 41 

Vie\\. of thc Jlall from Sixth street ........................................................... lac-inp 43 

\'ie\y of the 3Ionunlent seen from thr Jfall at Forlrtecnth street . I(w?kiug \vest .............. fnrinx 44 

Avenue de Beaumont. Compiegne . The type of rist~ withont a rnntl\vn! .................. incinr 45 

.4 venue at Cireucester. England . .I mall divided hy a rentml ro~~dxvay .................... faeinp 45 

\V&qhington. Innking south from the V'hitc House ........................................... Lrcinp 47 

Section through Jlnnument gnrdens . on White House axis . shi~~ving prnp~~d treatnlrrlt oi 

approaches and terraces lorming n setting for the \Vashin@o~~ >10n11ment ................ D~cing 47 

Section thronph 3lonument garden. on ('apitd nsis . Innking tt~r~-urrl White Hour ......... faring 47 

Section through hlnll at Fifteenth street . Ionkinz \vwt . *howin&! Jlonnmcnr iippron~hes nnd terrnces ....................................................................................... fnrinp 47 

Section through canal . Icmking east. on White Aon~e nsis . shnwi~~g prnpnwrl trcatment cli 

appronrhes and terraces . forming a settinr for the Mnnnment ............................ faring 47 

3fodel of the Jlonument garden .................................................................... 4: 

tienen11 view of the Jlonument prrrden and Jlall . looking toward tht . Cnpitd .............. facing 4h 

plan showing proposed treatment of the Jlo~~nn~ent gnrden ....................................... 4C; 

View of the Monument and terracel; frwn the \Vhitta Hiir~e ................................. faring 49 

View in the hlonument garden. maiu asis. shou'inp 11ropmeil Irettrnit.nt tuf npprcmvht.~ and 

terrnres. :orminx R setti~ip frn the \Va.ihinzton Jlonnmcnt . Iw~ki~~g enst .................. facine 49 

View from the Jlonrnnent 1crrac.c. I<~lkillg tlnvsrd Arlington ............................. .facing 49 

View of the terrace and Jlouon~ent gnrden . Inoking enst .................................... facing 49 

View in >lonunlent garden. mnin nsis . vhnwiug ~)rorrred trcatment of approarhe~ itl~d terraces . fom~ine R setting for the !Vrrshingto~~ Jlmnment .......................................... fucing 49 

\'iew in the Jlonument gardm . Iw~kinp tn!varcl the White Honse ........................... facing 49 

View of the proposed mm~orii~l structnrvon thc nxis of the \Vhitr H11t1.e. Ia~kil~r wnth ... fncinp 49 

View of the \Varhingto~~ eommnn and pnl~lir p1aygronnd* . sh~w'in): prorrnrd nrernnrial hnildinp . baths. theater . gymnnsinm . and athletic huildir~gv ....................................... facing 49 

One oi the six parilions in the >Jnn~rmrrrt garden ................................................. 49 

View of terrace from have of Monument ........................................................... :M 

View showiug the proposed derclopmrnt of the rite lor the Liwoln Jlemorial . .cell iron1 the 

\Va~hinptol~ Xonument .................................................................... faf+n~ 51 

View III the Lincoln hlemorial site from the 14d Saw1 Observatory ......................... ineing 51 

Plan rhowng proposed treatment of tlw Linwl~l memorial sitc ............................. fn~ing <il 

View showing the proposed development of lhv Linci~111 mcmcirial site . src.rl irnrn the mr~d . . iacinp 51 

Section of Linroln n~ernnrial .................................................................. 32 

Proposed developmen1 of I. inc.11111 nlenrorinl site . setw irt~m Riremidr drivc ................ in?in~ 57 

Jlemorinl walk . Thicranrtrn . Berlin ........................................................ facing irj 

Rird's-eye view oi p~neh11 plnn . fronl 11 pnint take11 4.NK) Jwt nhm~- lhc !;o\-t.rnnlml Hospital for 

the Inwne .................................................................................. fnei~w 63 

Rulfioch Oatepnxt . iormrrly nn ('npitnl gn)nnd~ .................................................... 71 

Templc.Vil111 Horghcse . Rome . The an.hilrc.tun~l nvrcsnt oi n ~11t11lecl \.illit ................. iarinr 75 

Rircr*ide Park . ~vwdirrg pnt)l . Harti~~rd . Con11 ............................................... facing 79 

In the girl'.; gyrn~~asinn~ . Ch11rlt.r 1)mk . Rnst~~n .............................................. inring l(o 

Writer 11asi11 at the Villa Jledivi . Rome ............................................................. N) 

Childrc~l's mnd pile .; . Chnrle- letr~li . Rrrston ............................................... ia1411g Sl 

Open-alr re>lalznint in tlrt . I'rntcr . Vienna ...................................... ........... PI 

Open-nlr !qn~nn*inm . Charles River rmbnnkmt.nt. Rosto~l .................................. iwi~~r W 

Le Pont Seni and qnnys . I'HTIS ..................................................................... R: 

Quays IIIIII (.orso. Hnrlnpwt .................................................................. iw~ny hl 

Typ~cal trvatmel~t of I'ntomtr(~ quay ................................................................ 84 

The bonlevnrd nf tl~r . lit.pnl,lic. Alg~cr -.. sho~~np w~dv ~.nmnlrrvinl o(11.1 y- >~nd ~~IITHYV *IU(*Z 

belnw the Imnlevnrcl ............................................................... f~in 8.. 

Typical section of Kork Creek ~wrkwny . Alternati\.c projt. ct \vlth covthrvrl c11nr111rl .............. S5 

Rock Crerk. lmk~ng rmrth from >I street hridge . sho\r.~ng Inndsc~apt~ v11111~ t, i ~IIC I~~I~II-WIIC~ wrIRCC and the inlmge of the v~lley . II~A indi<.r~tinc the diwprecnblc ~.lrnr:8<.lcr c, i 1h< . I1ieh.lrre1 

surr~~nndiup~ .... - ......................................................................... iacing S6 

Typical section of Hock Creek l,nrk\v~~y-Tr t.atme11t rcc~,n~mcndcd ................................ fii, 
6 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . 

Page . Valley of Rock Creck Zoological Park ....................................................... facing Ri 

Fnrt Rcnn . Tiew tc~ the nnrthenst . showing the neressity for ~mntrolliug ~djneent private property if view is to be preserved .............................................................. faring 91 

Fnrt Keno . View to the west . The fenvc is the limit of the prrvnt pnhlir c~wlieml~ip ..... faci~~g 92 

Typical seetion ni one of thc valley park\v~ys . snrh as Piney Rmnch . Pwp-tone Cwek . amid 

Georgetrwn ~bnrknhys ............................................................................ 92 ' The Pntnmnc abnve the Aqurdurt Bridge . from thv level of the p~poscfi drive. 4iowing ~~ecrsity 

for puhlic rontrnl ni the slopes Lelo\r thr drivrway ....................................... frtrir~g 9:; 

Terracae, Villa d'Eute . Tivoli, showing liow a declivity c.omrnandinp it view i . 11.4 tmd emphasized . not diignised ................................................................................... g 

Cabin S~~lin Bridge, a pf~rtion ofthe \Vasl~ingtnn Aql~c~dnrt system .......................... faring 94 

Typical sertion of Pntf~rnac- drivv a short (1istanf.e nl~ovc Ayned~wt RriAgr ........................ 94 

View from the ternrcw . St . Germnin . Pnrir . Compnrnt~le with thr view from the. jrrorlosed trrraces nenr Tt.nley Cirrle .................................................................. a 95 

Typical section 14 Irmnnnt- drive lrelo~v the Phain Bridgr ......................................... 9% 

The Grettt Fnlls of the Potomac :I! rt 11nv stape of the river .................................. facing M 

Section of Savannnh parkwny ...................................................................... 1~ 

Vista . Villa Albnni, Rome .......................................................................... 102 

Anacostla niarshr . frnm Henning Hridge . Itmking north. showing mnl~~rinl fats tc, be esrnrntrd ....................................................................................... in 105 

An~~costi;~ manher . ~howing islands of free growth to lw saved hy tl~e propowd method of 

improvement. from Renninp Bridge, looking north ....................................... fadng lOti 

Osford-Knri~~pon the Iris ......................................................................... 107 

Henley-.I snggestion of Anucostitl Park ........................................................... lOIl 

Qut~!-s mrl bridges . Bndapest . Rnda side nf the Dnnllhe .................................... f11ci11g 11R 

Nantes. plnw of the Dnches: Anne . showing qnnyi mil comprehensive trcBntnient of ~ippronch 

to bridge ................................................................................... faring 114 

Terrnve . Yenive, illustrntive of water-front trwtnient in colinevtion with inmmnl rlrvisn .......... 114 

The qonys nt Venice ................................................................................ 115 

The Wtishinpton channel ................................................................... i~wi~~p 117 

Potoniac Park . from the Wt!shi~~ptnn Jlonnmt.nt ............................................ fndny Iln 

Panornmn of the city of Washington from .I nacostin. typiral of riew from tire projmwd ridge 

pnrks ....................................................................................... ieciny 1'21 

Revere HCIICII . 11rar Bostm . \Vhnt the peoplr think elf it .: vnlue ............................ fnc.i~~g I25 

Swimming pool, Grtrfielrl l'urk . Phil'ago ..................................................... hcing 1% 

Revere Rewh pnhlic I~ath house . nenr Boston ............................................... f~lcing I2i 

Public hath. town of Rrnokline . 1111s .......................................................... 1:'i.ll'S 

Bridge arms .: the ri\.er\my . Boutotl park rystem ............................................. favitrp 140 

P~RELR de1 Popolo . Rome. a commnnding sitnnri~~n wisely twrttrrl for the enjoyment of tht. 

people ...................................................................................... fttcil~y 141 

LIST OF MAPS dN1) PL.1SS. 

L'Enfant map of Washington (li911 ......................................................... f11ri11p 12 

Dingrt~m of a portinn of the city. shnming propowl sites for ft~ttrrt~ pnblic hnildings ........ fwinp 2h 

Genernl plan of the Jlwll system ............................................................. fwiny 3i 

Key 10 112111 system ................................................................................. $5 

Plan of Capitol grnnnds. by L'Enknl i li9l) ........................................................ 87 

Plan ol C%rpitol proond+. by Thomton . Arvhitcct of the Cnpirol (IN%) ............................. 39 

Plan for Savannah parkmny ................................................................. iacinp 100 

Comparison hetween the present and pnrpnsed pnrk nrens of the Diwirt of Colnmhin iind the 

park areas of Boston . h'ew Tnrk . London . arid Park ..................................... .i.tri~ rc. 15.5 

Map uf the 1)istrivt of Columhin . showing public reservations and IIGI ..s essi~~r~s a1~1 the pern~nntmt 

system II~ Iiigl~w~y~ ..................................................................... follf~wi~~g 171 

Map of the District of Columbin. showing areas recmnmen~led to be trikri~ a nereswry for new 

parks and park connections ............................................................ fol111wi11g 171 

Map of the District I f Colnmbia. showing public recervations nnd pnssession .: and areas recouime~nded to be taken as necerser); lor nrw psrk . nnd park ronnrctions ................ following 171 
REPORT OF THE SENATE COMMITTEE OX THE DISTRTCT 

OF COLUMBIA OX THE IMPROVEMEST OF THE PARK* 

SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLVMRIA. 

R. bIc31ILIAS. from the Comnlittee on the Di\trict of 

Colmnl~ia. on the 15th day of January, l!~.'. pre*twtt~l the 

following report: 

The Committee on the District of Colum1)iw. :wting uncler instructio.is 

of the Senate e~nhodied in the resolution adopted Jlarch 8. 1901- 

l:r.w/~rtl, That the Committee on the District of ('olnmlria lie. and it ir herrl)y, 

tlirec-ted to ronsider the wbject and report to the Senate 11lan+ for the tlevelopn~ent 

am1 improvement of the rntirr park syetem of tht. 1)istrirt of Colunjl~ia For the 

pur~m'e oi preparing ~uch plan- the committee may it during the rrrr- of Conprew, 

ant1 ]nay secure the servicw of eurh experts a< may 11e nec.eQaary f(~r a proler coneidemtion of the suhject. The espenseP of ~uch inve4gation aha11 pait1 from the 

contingent fund of the Senaterespectfully report: 

The desii-~hility of n conqx-ehensive plan for the dwelopment of the 

District of Columhia has long heen felt hy Conpress. During the past 

SeccRRltI of a few year* p:wti(wl:wIy que~tions haw arih~n R- to the 

prchPnRive pian. location of puhlic hildings. of pre-ervinp spaces for 

parks in the portions of the District beyond the limits of the city of 

Washington, of connecting and developing existing parks 1)- attractive 

drives, and of providing for the recreation and health of a constantly 

growing populntion: and. in the ahsence of a well-considered plan. the 

solution of these grave prohlems has either been postponed or else has 

resulted in compromises that haw marred the heauty and dipnit- of 

the national capital. 

I. 

The action of the Senate in ordering a comprehensire plan for the 

development of the entire park s~steui of the District of Columhia is 

the resultant of two morements-one popular In char- The Senate ordern 

the preparation of a ~cter, the other technical. In 0ctol)er. 1898. the 

plan. 

cit~zenz of the'nistrict of Columhia began to arrange 

for the celebration, two years later, of the one hundredth anniversary - I 
8 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

of the removal of the seat of government to the District of Columbia. 

The project. being national in character rather than local, was brought 

to the attention of the President. and by him was laid before Congress. 

with the result that a joint committee of the two Hou.;e.; mas appointed 

'to act with the citizen's committee in planning the celehration. In 

December, 1900, commemorative exercises, held at the White Hou-e 

and at the Capitol, were participated in hy the Gore~morh of the 

States as well as by the oficial+ of the General Government and the 

representatives of foreign powers: and the celebration was hrought to 

an appropriate end by a reception and banquet given by the IVashington Board of Trade in honor of the Congres.iiona1 committee and the 

distinguished guests. 

The keynote of the celebration mas the ~mprorenient of the Diktrict 

of Columhia in a manner and to an extent commensurate with the dignity and the resources of the A~nerican nation. Senator- and Congressmen vied with Governor after Governor in co~nniendation of the 

idea put forward by the local committee. that the time had come for 

the systematic and adequate improvement of the District of Columbia.' 

While the centennial exercises were in progress the American Institute of Architects, in session in this city. was discawing the subject 

of improving Kashington: and in a qeries of papers making suggestion\ for the development of park+ and the placing of puhlic bui1ding.i. 

the tentative ideas of a number of the leading ~rchitects.;culptors. and 

landscape architects of the cwuntr- were put fornard for discu40n.~ 

As :I result the Institute appointed a committee on legislation. and 

consultationq between that c.ornrnittee and the Senate Committee on 

the District of Columbia were followed by the order of the Senate for 

the preparation and submission of a general plan for the development 

of the entire park ytem of the District. 

On March 19, 1901. the subcommittee of the District committee ha\-- 

inp the matter in charge met the representatives of the American 

Thrrp,,,,lntmentof Institute of .lrchitect- and agreed to the proposition 

a Comn~lsnlon. of the latter that Mr. Daniel H. Rurnham. of Chicago. 

Ill~nois, and Mr. Frederick Law Olmsted. jr.. of Brookline. Ma.;sa- - - -- -- - -- - 

Senate Document So. 210, Fifty-sixth Conpress, second Q~Q-ion 

Papere relating to the improren~ent of the c~ty of Washington, December 19, IW, 

ordered to be pr~nted by the Senate. 
THE: PARK COMMISSION. 9 

chusctts, be emproped as expertr. with power to add to their number. 

There gentleinm arrepted the ta.;k. and suh.;equently inrited Mr. 

Charles F. NcKim and Mr. Augustus St. Gaudens. of Sew Tork City. 

to act with them in the preparation of plan^.' The committee considers itself most fortunate in haring +ec~il-ed the services of men 

who had won the very highest place.: in their sereral professions. 

Ah Director of Works at the World'.. Colum1)iiin Espsition. held 

in the citr of Chicago in the year 1x93. Mr. Burnham \m+ instrumental in securing the adoption of a .icheme of construction which 

placed that exhibition in the very front rank of international expositions: and by the display of rare esecutive albilit~ he brought ahout 

and xr~aintained the effectire cooperation of the architect- and artists 

who then and there rare to American art 110th a new direction and a 

tremendous impetui. 

As the architect of the Boston Piihlic. Lihrar!-. toe ILhode Island 

capitol. the new buildings and the fence at Harrard I-nirersitr. and 

other str~~ctures of monumental character. Mr. Jlcfiini ih recognized 

in hi.; profession a. without a superior anlong ,Imerican architects. 

hih work being especkll notahle for it.: simplicity. directne-. and 

sc.holarly qualities. 

Mr. St. (+audenh. hy common consent. .itand.: tiwt among American 

sculptors: and anlong architect- and iirtihts hih vritici-m. hare the 

authorit- of law. 

Mr. Olmsted ttear.; a nanw identified with what i- l)e.;t in x~~odern landscap architecture in the I)i.:trkt of Cloluml)ia. He ih the consulti~~g 

landwape architect not only of the vast +y.;teni of prks and boulevard.; 

which make up the metropolitan pnrk -J-sttm of Bo.:ton and it- su11urt1s. 

but also of large park* in various citie*. To inhtvited ta.;te he adds 

the highest training, both prac.tic.al and theol~tical. 

At the call of their profeshional 11r.ethrt.u and at the requeqt of this 

committee these n1eu rirtua11~- pot aside their large and protital)le pi$- 

rate work and for nea1.1~- i~ year cleroted their time. their experience, 

and their twtnival training to the sw~ice of the nation. 'I'ht2-w sacrifices they have made without pecuniary reward. iind at a timt in the 

profe.:sional careers of the majority of thenl when mcc.e.:c :and fame 

were alreadj- secure. Sot onlj- i* the nation fortunitte in having 

obtained the ripest tale~~th of tl~rer such di4npuisht.d men. hit also -- 

'The full1 report of this ~neetingisto 1w fon~ld in Park lmproxement Papew, So. 3, 

printed for the we of tht. Senate ('omrriittee (xi the L)iutrict of Coluln1)ia. 
10 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

it is a matter for satisfaction that the fourth member of the Commission enter* ~pon the work at an age when he may he expected to 

hare a part in directirq and *haping the development of the dans 

from the \peginning to the end. 

111. 

At the fir.;t r:leetin~ hetwtwi the expert.;-who for convenience hare 

been na~ned the Park C:omrni.;4on-and the stlhc~mm~ittee of the Distrivt committee1 the prot)lem was stated to the Cornniis.iion 1)~- the 

chairnlt~n suh.;tmtially as follow,: 

The District of Columhia wa* created ah the seat of government of 

the ITnited State,, and Washington w:i< hid out ah distinctiwly a 

canpita1 tit>-. The tint con.;ideration in its pl:tnni~~g The prol~len~ stated. 

was the location of the pu1)lic. lmildinph and the 

ground+ relating to them. In drtermininp these location* each site 

was selected in reference to ewry other site; the linch of coumunication hetween the rarious I)~part~uent* were studied. ittd care wa.: 

taken to ~)roride not alone for convenience hut also for bearlty and 

dignity. The original plan of the citj- of 7V:ishington, having ytood 

the test of w century. ha- met unirersxl approral. The departures 

from that plan are to 1)e regretted and. wherever pos4de. remedied. 

The reclamation of the Poto~nxc flat* has added to the puhlic pounds 

a consideralde area. one portion of which must be treated as a continu:ttion of the Nall and the JIonmnent grounds. while the bertion 

lying in the rirer oppositt1 the \I7ashinpton Channel is suweptihle of 

individual treatment. 

In 1t;W I'ongreh.; providcd for the purchase of one hundred and 

serent- acre.; of land in the valley of Itock Creek for the pur1)ose 

of establishing the Sational Zoologicd Park: and the nest year a 

special act wah pa.;std authorizing the purchase of two thousxnd additional acres extending fron: thc northern boundaries of the Zoological 

Park to the District line. The alllount of land xct~iaIly acquired under 

thcx prod.iions of thi. act wa* one thousand 4s hundred and five iind 

nine-tenths avreh. This tenmitor-. 1)eautified hy nature. is undeveloped, save for a few ro:& the location of which was ohriouq: and 

before the public can realize fully the advantages of the purchase 

Rock Creek Park must be improved awolding to a systematic plan 

prepared t)j- landscape architect*. 

'This ~ulwommittee roneietetl of Senators McMillan, Gallinger, and Martin. See 

Park Improvement Paper~, So. 3. 


PROPOSED PA41tKS AND PARKWAYS. 11 

The hacoda flat.;. comprising abont eleven hundred acres. imperatirely demand reclamation. in order to free thr eastern portion of the 

city from the malarial condition- which for year- have qeriou.;ly 

rebrded the derelopnlent of that hection :~nd hare constantly impaired 

the health of tho.;e person* who hare ])ern colupelled to live within 

the miasmal influences. Congre.;.;. recognizing the deploral~lr conditions to which thowand!, of people eithvr in it< employ or under itcare are thus of necewitr suhjectecl. cau.;ed to 1w made :I -ur~-e.~- :II~ 

estimateh of cost of the rwlamation of the-e flat*.' rtnd it i- hlieved 

that the time ha.; now come to enter upon this work with the view to 

create :I water park. In this manner can the park need- of the Di-trict 

best be subserwd. and at the w~allcst eslbPn-e. 

The valley of Rock Creek froni the month of that .;treau~ to the Zoological Park i- unsightly to the verge of upline-. Cnngrc- ha- had 

the situation studied n-ith :i view to finding a holution of thc dif%c.dty. 

either I,- covering the creek entirelj- or Iry crt.:tting a parkwa;\- through 

the ralle-. Tht need of a definitc~ pl:irl of treatu~cnt i-. -hon-11 in a 

striking rnrtnner I)!- the fact that on thr line of C'onnc~.ticut XI-wut3 a 

hridge i- in cour-t3 of cou.;truction: while on the lint of JIa--achu-ettnrenne a culvert is hlildinp. the ottrion- intention being to fill the 

entire vallry southward to the non nth of the creek. A dec.i.ion -hoald 

hr reached a- to n-hether the creek i- to 1)r (.overed or j. to ~.em:ti~~ 

open. and a1w a- to the treatnlent of the -pace in rithrr ~:1-e. 

The del-elopment of Potoulnc and Kock C'reeli pwk-. the c.rtxtion of 

a prk :dong the Anaco.;tia. :tnd the incren-inp 11.r of th,, Soldiw-' 

Home grounds for park ~)urpo-e-. all dl for. :i strid? of vonnectictn.; 

among the parks. -o :I- to hring into ow -!-stem the di\-thr.itit.d attracations which these puhlic q~ace- will offer when :ideqnntely dp~~]~~,cyl. 

The positive qualor n hich to-day Inar- the entr:lncse to :~lnlo.;t every 

public pnrk is too appnrent to need cli-cn~.;ion. 

Aside from the p1e:~s~re and the po-iti1-c. I~enetit- to health that the 

people deriw from public pnrk-. in n capital city like Wa-hingto~i 

The orlzlnnl plnn of there is R distinct uw of pd~lic space- :i.; the indiqWa~hlnetnn. pensahle mean.; of gix-inp dignity to (+orernmcnt 

buildings md of making snitable (.onnwtions h~tn-ern the great - -- 

'House of Representatives Executive Dorunlent So. 30, Fifty-qecond Congre~s, 

first seesion, report of Lieut. P. C. Hains, and House of Representatil-e~ Document 

KO. 87, Fifty-fifth Congress, third seesion, report of Col. C. J. Allen. 
12 YA4RK SYSTEM OF THE DIRTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

departments. When the city of Washington was planned under the 

direct and minute supervision of Washington and ,Jefferson, the relations that should suhsist between the Capitol and the President's 

House were closely studied. Indeed the whole city was planned with 

a riew to the reciprocal relations that should exist among public 

buildings. Vistas and axes: sites for n~onun~ents and museums; parks 

and pleasure gardens; fountain.r and canals; in a word. all that goes 

to make a city a magnificent and consistent work of art were ~egarded 

as essentials in the plans made h- L'Enfant under the direction of the 

first President and his Secretar>- of State. 

Sor were thewe original plans prepared without due *tudy of great 

model*. The stately art of landscape architecture had been brought 

oversea hr royal governors and wealthy planters; and both Washington and Jefferson were familiar with the practice of that art. 

L'Enfant. a man of position and education. and an engineer of ability. 

must have been familiar with those great works of the master LenGtre 

which are still the admiration of t,he traveler and the constant pleasure 

of the French people. Moreover, from his well-stocked library .Jefferson sent to L'Enfant plans "on a large and accurate scale" of Paris, 

Smsterdam. Frankfort, Carlsruhe. Strasburg. Orleans. Turin, Milan, 

and other European cities, at the same time felicitating himself that 

the President had "left the planning of the town in such good hands." 

The object of the present investigation is to prepare for the tit?- of 

Washington such n plan as shall enable future development to proceed 

along the lines originally planned-namely, the treatment of the city 

as a work of civic art-and to develop the oat1;ing parks as portions 

of a single well-considered system. 

The nature and scope of the work having been outlined to the 

Commission, they entered upon their task not without hesibtion and 

misgivings. The problem was both difficult and comThe work I~roadens. 

plex. Much had to be done: much. also, must he 

undone. Moreover, no sooner was the membership of the Commission announced than their aid and advice was sought in relation to 

buildings and memorials under consideration, so that immediately the 

range of the work broadened. Thus the importance and usefulness 

of the Commission were enhanced. 

The cordial reception which the Commission have met from the 

OPINIONS OF CAHINET OFFICERS. 13 

highest officials of the Go\-ernment and the opportunities of usefulness that have been opened to its ~nemher. art. dike .;ignitic*ant and 

gratif-ing. VTith the approval of the Secwtary of A4gricnlta~ and 

the Secretary of the Trensnr-. the Supervising Architect conhulted the 

Commission at every stage in the selection of :in architect for :tnd the 

location of the new 1)uilding for the Department of ,lgricdture.' The 

Secr~tar- of war. under whose -upe~*rision the public. l)uildi~~g.: and 

The inany duties of the War Departn~ent in relation to tllr pul~lic. lwildillgu an11 

c~f \\'ashington an11 to the statue. an11 mrn~orial- a~lthrizeil IK pn~l~owl 11y 

Conrrre- have I~nmght the 1)epartment into irrquent ronierenw nith tlrr C'OIIItiimr lirreaftrr in 1nak111~ the caltital vity Iimrr Iwautiful havts tlrr 11rart?- ;qq~r~~\-al 

a1111 ayn~patl~y of the \\'ar I)rpartn~ent. anll \\ill. if they +hall hapl~il! 11r ad~il&d. 

ha\-e that I)t~~~artment'+ cordial c-c~oprratior~. 

The Attorney-(;eneml. in refrrring to the proposrcl 1)uilding for the 

So lwilding slrnuld he ronstrncted ruq)t ench a. will meet the jwt expert at ion^ 

not only of the present hut of future generation.. Tlrr t~nllding ~Imnld 1e n orthy 

of the pnrpiw tt, n hich it ik to he rlr~otrtl and of the Chwrnntent who-e tlignitv it In 

part reprepent-. In this cwmecticln dnr regard ~honld Iw had to the genrral 11lan 

fnr the adornment of Karhinyton, n hirh i* no\r untlrr cwi~ideration Iry a comptrnt 

Co~~~iion. Washington has 1)econw .I vity not ~~nl! of rocn~opolitan 11ignity 1)ut 

of esceptional l~.auty, and nn Idding 1-11oultl 1~ VIP c.onctnitxted or located a- to mar 

the ~ynlnretry of it.. drv~.Inpnwnt 

The t'ommissioners of the District of C'o1nml)i:l :mcl the officials 

connected with their oflice hare given reprated and cordi:d assur:tnce 

of their interest in a s!-*tenlatic d~wlopment of the park system of 

the District. not only 1)- c.onsnltations. hut also ly placing the 

resourves of their office at the disposa1 of the C(0111mis~ion. 111 their 

annual report the District Conmi-&men say: 

An important expreesion of the new ireling in Congrew rwpecting the Pktrict of 

Columbia war; the creation, at the extraordinary wssion of the Senate, in March last, 

'The Park Comnri&on, acting with the Supervising -4rrhitec.t of the Treasury 

Department, approved the prop~nnir oftwnpetition. named ten finns of architects 

whn competed, and made the an-ard, selecting the design ~ultmitted 1)y Mesew. Lord 

d Hewlett, of Sew Tork City. 
14 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

under the authority of a Senate resolution, hy the Committee on the District of 

Columbia, of a Conimission of eminent architects and landscape engineers to prepare 

a general ~)lail for improvement of the park system of the District of Columbia. 

The C'omnlimionew of the District of C'olun~bia have been glad to act in cooperation 

with this C'c~mluiwion, and trnst that its projert for beautifying of the national capital 

will lte adopted 1);- Congress as the working plan for the yem to come. For yeam 

the Co~nn~issionerr of the District of Coluin1)ia and other public. officers, and the 

citizen- of thr District, hare kwen hoping that such a comprelwusive wheme of 

improvement of the park system, and therefore of the whole I)istrict, woulti Ire 

adopted, in order that it. :esthetic tlrrelopn~ent might be nlatle harmonit~w and 

con~plete ant1 in acrortlance with the heit ideals. 

To the Secretary of the S~nithsonian Institution, the Superintendent 

of the Coast Surrey. the OfEcrr in Charge of Puhlic Huildinp~ and 

Chunds. md the officer- of the Corps of Engineer- engaged on the 

in~provement of the Potomw River Front the Commihsion we under 

ohliption.; for assistance and informatiorr ~ithout which tht~ir hlror.; 

mu<t hare 1)een prolonged indetinitel~, if not entirely defeated. The 

reprewntative 1)odies of the citizen* of the District of Columhi~ and 

the press also hare given encouragement and support to the work, 

and hare furnished suggestion- of great value because based on experience of the needs of the people. 

PI. 

After a detailed esamination of the topographical featureh of the 

District of C'ohun1)ia. the Commis.;ion drew up preli~uinary plans. 

They aere then forced to the conclusion that ti11 ad+ 

Thr rnllrosd prohlrm. 

cptr treatme~it of the park syst~ni depend< upon the 

exclllsion of the Baltimore and Poto~nac Railroad f roni pnhlic ground*, 

so :L.: to allo~r that dignified approach to the Capitol for which the 

Mall was originall>- designed. 

The occupation of the Mall h- the r~ilroad dateh hack to 187.). 

at which time. in order to secure cor~ipetition in frright and pahsenger traffics, the then local porernment of the District of Columbia 

granted the land*. and subsequently Congrew confirmed the prant.' 

In extenuation of the original occupation. it maj- he urged that the 

space mas then no better than a common pasture and that the railroad 

The board of aldermen and the bard of romnlon council granted the Mall site 

to the Baltimore and Potolnac Itailroacl on 3larch 20, 1871. See even in^ Star, 

March 21, 1871, for report of proceedings. This action 1)y the Distrirt anthoritie~ 

aae confirmed hy act of Congress approved May 21, 1872; chapter 189, Statutes at 

Large, Forty-wcoud Congress, second wsion. 
THE RAILROAD PROBLEM. 15 

hut took the place of the canal which it paralleled: co that conditions 

were improred 1)- the change. as undoubtedly proved to he the case. 

Re that as it may, thc railroad hold* the right to use tbe property 

hy a title good in law and in equity: and bj virtue of a recent act of 

Congress the railroad space h:~s been enlarged, in consideration of the 

stirrender of street trackage and the proposed elevation of the trackwithin the city of Washington. 

It so happened that the chainnan of the Commission. Mr. Burnham. 

is the architect of the Pennsylvania Itailroad's new +tation at Pittshurg. 

and he had al*o drawn for the Pennsylvania Railroad the preliminary 

plans for the Baltimore and Potomac htation in TYashinpton. ,ifter 

consultation with the suhcommittw. Mr. Burnhanl proposed to the 

prebident of the Pennsylrania Railroad that the station he lmilt on the 

south side of the 3lall and land. adjoining. The architectural and 

other advantages of the proposed site were set forth with such vigor a* 

to command seriou. consideration. There the matter re-:ted for a time. 

The Commia4on. in order to make a clowr study of the practice of 

landscape architecture ah applied to parkc and public huilclings. made 

a lrief trip to Europe. risitinp Kome. T-enice. 1-ienna, Eurnprnn studlru. 

Budapest, Paris. London. and their ..;~~hurh. Attention way directed principally to ahcertaining what arrangen~ent of 

park area.; lwst adapts then] to the ures of the people. and what are 

the element.; that give pleawre from generation to generation. and 

eren from cvnturj- to centuy-. The many and striking re-nlts of thistudy ail1 appear in the discussions that follow. 

It was during the stay of the Coumlivsion in London that President 

Cassatt announced to Mr. Burnhum his aillingneus to consider -the 

question. not of moving the Baltimore and Potonlac station to the south 

side of the Mall. hut of withdmwing altogether from that region and 

uniting with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad C'onipny in the erection of a union station on the site established by Iegirlation for the 

new depot of that road. provided suitablc Irgislatjon be secured to 

make compensation for the increased espenae such R rhange would 

inrolre. and provided, also. that the approaches to the new site be 

made worthy of the l~uilding the railroad-: propose to erect. 

Subsequent examination convinced the Cornmiscion that. from an 

wsthetic standpoint, there we insupernhle objections to the depot site 

provided by law. The chief oljection is that were the 

The unlon ntatlnn. 

station to front on C 3treet a train shed eight hundred 

feet wide m-ould he thrown across Massachusetts avenue, one of the 
16 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

great thoroughfares of the citj-. Kot only would the vistas be blocked 

by a comniercial building. hut also the street would be carried underneath this enormous structure in a tunnel so long as to cause the 

avenue to he avoided by traffic. The Commission thereupon proposed 

a site fronting on Massachusetts arenue. and again the officials of the 

railroad company consented to a change of location. 

The plans call for a station eight feet and eight inc.hes longer than 

the Capitol. the building to be of white marble. the facade to be Roman 

in style of architecture. and the construction and arrangements to be 

so planned as to make this station superior to an!- structure ever 

erected for railway purposes. Facing the Capitol, and yet not too 

near that edifice. the new station will front upon :t plaza six hundred 

feet in width and twelve hundred feet in length, where l~odies of 

troops or large organizations can he formed during inaugural times or 

on other like occasions. Thuh located and conhtructed. the union depot 

will he in reality the great and impressive gateway to M'ashington. 

It should he said here that in considering the views of the Cornmi.;- 

sion. and in reaching his decision, the president of the Pennsylvania 

Railroad looked at the matter froni the standpoint of an American 

citizen, saying in snhstance that he appreciated the fact that if Congresh intended to make of the Mall vhat the founders of the city 

intended it to he. no railroad should he allowed to crous it: and that he 

was willing to nwate the *pace provided the matter could he arranged 

without ~acrificing the interests of the stockholder* of the Penn.ylrania Railroatl. ' 

VII. 

This conditional consent on the part of thc railroad rcmol-ed the one 

great obstacle to the preparation of adequate plans for the improvenient of the city. Lesser ohstncles. such a* the lack of uurreyc of the 

oldest parks in the District and the diffic*ulties of getting together 

the widely scattered data, have heen surmounted. On the other hand. 

the work has been much lightened h- the excellent topographical maps 

of the District outside of the city. prepared I)!- the ('oast and Geodetic 

Survey. 

The plans prepared b- the Comuiission and submitted to the Senate 

with thih report are the moqt comprehensive ever provided for the 

chararter the development of an American city. Every portion of 

~I~US. the District of Columhia ha* been studied; in the outlying sections those spaces best adapted for parks. hoth small and 

1 See Senate bill So. 4825, Report So. 982, Fiftysixth Congrew 
'ISV3 DNIM001 'SNOIIION03 IN3S3Md ONIMOHS 'VVW 3HI 30 1300W-'0E 'ON 
NO. 34.-MODEL OF THE MALL; SHOWING PRESENT CONDITIONS. LOOKING WEST. 
COMPREHENSIVENESS OF THE PLAN. 17 

large, have been marked; the most convenient and the most picturesque connections between the various parks have been mapped: the 

individual treatment which each particular important park qhould 

undergo is recommended; an extension of the park system to (;red 

Falls and to Mount Vernon is dircnwsd: the development of the 

Mall receives detailed and elahorate treatment: the location of new 

public buildings, whether legislative, executive, or n~unicipal in character, has heen arranged according to a rational system of grouping; 

and those memoriala which mark great epochs oq great crises in our 

national history have been brought into harrnonio;~ relations with the 

general scheme of development. 

-1s a result of this comprehensive treatment ever!- considerable 

undertaking within the District may hc rought into the general plan 

and made to contribute it* part to el.-ancing value of the whole. 

More than thih. no such undertaking should be allowed to invade. to 

mutilate. or to mar the symmetry. sirnplicitr. and dignity of the one 

great composition deqigned to comprehend the entire District of 

Col nnihia. 

hi working out the plan. the C'ommission foand it necessary to 

have prepared two nioclelh. one showing the existing diqtnrhed condixndclh I11.~tm. tion* in the section from the Library of Congress 

tlonh. westn-ard to the Potomac, and the other showing the 

arrangement propo*ed. These models. con~tructed with the ~tmost 

attention to the detail* of topography. are accurate map- of the 

section they so gmphicall- depict. Sot only are they atrsolntelr 

essential to the designers. hut they are ah the guide. in carrying 

the plans to completion. So that. a. the years par.. thoqe persons 

who may he charged ~ith the txqk of improvement will be under no 

uncertainty a* to the particdar treatment intended.' -4 third ulodel. 

representing the Monument p~rden. shows with nice elril~oration of 

detail the terrace*. the hnildinph. the fountain.. and the approaches 

designed to furnish that august structure it< appropriate setting.' 

In order to present in graphic fa~hion particular fwture.: of the 

plans, the accurate architecturnl drawings hare heen rendered in caolor 

by a nun1ht.r of the most famous illi~strator~ of the daj-. and means - -- -- - - - 

' These nlodelv were made under the direction of (ietprw Carroll Curtis, geographical ~rulptor, of Routon. 

'The Monunlent garden vap nodel led hy JIr. JIerz. of Sew York City. 
18 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DlSTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

of these pictures a clear and distinct idea of the appearance of the 

completed work can he obtained.' 

IX. 

The plans as prepared call fo~. systematic.. continuous work, which 

of necessity must he prolonged through a considerable numher of 

years. The park system of the 1)istrict of Columbia 

thor~t~. is placed hy law under the control of the Chief of 

Engineers of the Vnited States Army.' hut individual portions of the 

system are subject to separate control. It is essential to the harmonious and successful development of the improvements that there shall 

be a greater concentration of authority. and the constant employment 

of professional advice. lio work should he entered upon without the 

preparation of detailed plans, to he approved hg the highest possihle 

authority as heing in accord with the general system. 

Ohrionsly it is inipossit)le to make even an appi-osimate estimate of 

the cost of irnproreuients which are to he completed in an indefinite 

qucNtiun of future: nor is such an estimate necbessar-. From time 

pcnw. to time new hnilding.: must he constructed to meet the 

constnntl- increasing needs of the Gorernment. and as appropriations 

come to he made the lwildinps should he located so that each new 

structure will fit into its appropriate place in the prent scheme. Year 

' From January 15 to Fehruay 2,5, 1902, the nloclels and pictures were exhibited 

at the Corcoran Muse.eum of Art, the trustees of which institution very kindly having 

placed several rooms at the disposal of the committee for the purpose of the exhihition. Later the entire exhihition was removed to the Library of Congrees, where it 

now ir dieplayed in the Dirision of Prints. For a list of the illustrations presented 

see Appendix K. 

See art of .July 1, 1898, entitled "An act to veat in the C'on~miseionerP of the 

District of Columbia control of street pltrking in eaid District." Section 2 proricks: 

"That the park system of the District of Columl,ia is hereby placed under the 

exclusive charge and control of the Chief of Engineen, of the 1-nited States Army, 

under such regulations as may be prescribed by the President of the United States, 

through the Secretary of War. The said park system shall he held to comprise: 

(a) All puhlic spares laid down as remrvatione on the map of eighteen hundred and 

ninety-four accompanying the annual report for eighteen hundred and ninety-four 

of the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds; (b) -111 portion8 of the spact? 

in the streeta and arenues of the paid District, after the same shall have ken set 

aide by the Comn~i~sionerP of the District of Columhia for park purposes: Prm%led, 

That no areap less than two hundred and fifty aquare feet l~tween side walk line^ 

shall be included within the said park systeni." 
THE NEED OF COOPERATION. 19 

by year lands must he secured for Government or municipal institutions. and by foresight and good judgment the.;e purpose- can readily 

he made to enhance the heatity and utility of the park s.~*terll. -1- the 

finances of the District mill :illow. the park- arr 1xw1d to be developed 

and thore facilities for enjo-ment which civic. life increasingly ciemtnd.; 

will he supplied. So fast a- provision ma- he IIIR~P for these improvements. let the work he done in accordance with plan+ tit once simple. 

adequate, dignified, and comprehen-ire. 

By the patient and dendfsst c.oopw.ntion of all thaw pelwn- charged 

with the uphuilding of the District of Columbia, a ~~-ult may he 

The nepp of conper- attained -uch :I.: has been ~.~achcd in no other capital 

ation. city of the niodern world. The tmk i- indeed a 

+tupendous one; it i- niticli greater than any one generation can hop 

to accomplish. The wry heart) and int~lligent coope~ation that the 

plan- hare heen receired hy thc oflicer- of the Government. the pornmittees of Congre-s. and 1)y the public. genera11~- makc. it rea-onaldy 

certain that the dpreloprncnt of the 3ation:tl Capital will he prosecuted along the general lines propo-ed: and that the city which 

Washington and Jefferson planned witil 40 ~nuch value and ~ith such 

prophetic. +ion will continue to expand. keeping pace with national 

ad~ancement, until it hecome- the I i-ible csl)rt~--ion of the power 

and taste of the people of the United States. 

REPORT OF THE PAl<K COJIJIISSlOS. 

MEMI%EKS OF THE C'OXIMISSIOS. 
Washinptnn Common. Lincoln Memorial. Executive group of huildinpq. 
l'oton~~tr. Pttrk. J,I~.IIIII >lt~~~ioriul, 

NO. 35.-MODEL OF THE MALL. SHOWING TREATMENT PROPOSED. LOOKING EAST. 
REPORT OF THE P.4KK C'O,\IJ[ISSIOS TO THE SESATE 

COJIJZITTEE OS THE DISTICICT OF COLUJIHIA. 

S IR: The Coni~ni.sion :~ppointed hy the Senate Co~mtittec on the 

District of Colunil~ia to prep:u.e a plan for the PI-elopn~ent and 

the impro~-e~nerrt of the entire p1.k ryqteln of the I)ist~.ict of 

Colanibi:~ I-espectfully re1m.t. 

The city of Ka~hington cIitTe1.. fl-olli all other American cities in the 

fad that in it- origind plan pwk- were laid ont a- setting. for pul)lic 

li~illi~g. Even it- h.o:~d :~vcnrle- were arranged ho a- to enhance 

the eBect of the great editice. of the nation: rind the hqoare. at the 

interhection of the widt. thorou,rrhfar~. were het apart a. site- for 

memoriid.; to be ertlrted 1)y th~ variou. State.. Park., in the 111odel.n 

sense of larptl pul)lic* ~w.~.e:~tion p~.o~ind.. there were none: Imt -nlt~ll 

area. designed to htwatif\- the> cwnnections 1)etween the mriou. deprtnient. of Govern~ntwt wercb nrlnlerou.. 

During thc. ninvtt~rnth c.ent~1i.y. howe\-er. the development of urlban 

life and the esp:~n.ion of (aitiw lins lu-ought into pronlinence the need, 

not rcc.ognizwl :t hunctrrd yt.:~. ago. for hrge park.: to 1)re-erve 

:irtitirially ill oar citie. pa..:agt>- of 1-111x1 or ?;!-I\RI~ *cener!- and for 

a1mw. aclaptt~l to variou. yc~i:iI forri~. of recreation. Xloreo\-er. dnring the cent^^^.^- that ha. rlap-rd .inw the foundation of the c.it~- the 

grcnt *pacbe known a. the Mall, which w:w intended 

(hnn~r4 In thr Nnll. 

to foml a uniti~d connection hetween the Capitol and 

the White t1ou.e. :lnd to fu~.ni-h 4ite4 for :I certain cia- of puhl~c 

bliild~np has hcen d~vvrted from it- original purpose and cut into 

frxgnient.. each portion receiving :I qarate and ~ndiviclual infor~nal 

treatment, thu? invading what wa. a single composition. A$,@?in, 

-3 .,'> 
21 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLI'MRIA. 

many reserration.; hare pawed from puldic into private ownership, 

with the rerult that puhlic building- have lo.;t their appropriate surrounding+. and new structures have been \milt without that landscape 

setting n hich the founder* of the city relied on to give them beauty 

and dignity. 

Happily. however. little has been lost that (.an not be regained at 

reasonable cost. Fortunately. also. during the par- that have passed 

the Capitol ha-: heen enlarged and cnnohlcd. and the Washington 

Monument. wonderful alike it, mi engineering frat and a work of art, 

Impmren,Pnt, has been c*onatmcted on :I -ite that may he brought 

cnml~ll~heil. into I-elation* with the (hpitol and the TThite House. 

Dorlhl!- fortunate. moreover. i3 the fact that the I-:I-t rind succe--ful 

work of the twgineers in redecn~ing the Yotomac 1)~nli- from unhealthful condition-: gives opportunity for enlarging the scopr of the earlier 

plan- in R nitinner corrwponding to the groxvth of the country. At 

the .;:IIIIC timt' the development of Poton~ac Park hoth proride.: for a 

connection l)etwce11 the parka on the we\t and thov on the ea.;t. and 

alm it may readily furnish site* for tho-P memorial- ~hich history 

has .;hen-n to hr worthy n place ill vital 1.e1ntion to thr great b~1i1ding.i 

and u~onmnents erected under the personal super\-i.;ion of the founder.; 

of tile Hepuhlic. 

Sow that the demand for ner pnhlic l)uildinp+ and meolo~.inla has 

rewhrd an h cute dupe, thew ha- !wen he-itstion and e~nharrassn~ent 

in locating them I)~(~ause of the uncertainty in securing appropriate 

site*. The Clonlmi.;.;ion were thus lrought face to face with the prohlen~ of deri.;inp such a plan a* .ihall tend to redore that unity of design 

which was the fundanlentd conc.eption of those who first laid out the 

city as :t national capital. and of formulating definite principles for the 

plwing of those future structnre* which. in order to hecon~r eff'ectire, 

denland both a land.;cape setting and a virihle orderly rel~tion one to 

another for their mutual support and enhawenlent. 

To the unique problern of devising w wa!- of return to the original 

plan of the city of \\'ashington, was added the taqk of suggesting lines 

orlrlnal of for the development of thoqe large parks which have 

Wn~hlneton. been obtained in recent year.; either by pnrcha*e or 

hy reclamation: of advising the wqaisition of -uch additional spaces 

as are deemed necessary to create a modern park .;vstem: and of .;electing for purchase and improvement suitable connections between the 

various park areas. 
RETURN TO L'ENFANT PLAN. 2 5 

11. 

If Rashington were not tt riation'. c-apital. in 1rhic.11 the locatior~ of 

puhlic buildings is of the fiwt ir~iporta~icr. and if the tit>- itwlf \\ere 

not itq wrj- plan tied to :t 1iistor.ic pa& the proltle~ii ~rould hc 1w.i 

c.ou~plicated.- The very fact that Washington and .Irflerhon. L'E~ifxnt 

,, and Ellicwtt. and their immediate sucresro1.h. drvw 

capital rity. inspiration from the \f-orld'c greatest workh of laudscape xrchitectnre arid of (k-i(b ~dorliuient made it imperatire to go 

hack to thr sorlnbeh of their knowledge and taste in order to restore 

unity and hamion)- 

to their creationh 

and to guide future 

dcrrlopmtmt along 

appropriate line%. 

Indeed the more 

the CI o 111 In i s h i o II 

studied the first 

plan* of the Federal City. the mow 

they became (.onvinced that the 

greatest s e r T i c e 

I'~~~~~~ s,, 1,- -\\aitt.r wt. vf tlx Kwat wrrttt F vttu\ 1~. ~u oml~ nor^ or 

mould ltr clone 11)- i,tSn~mr 

carrying to a legitinlate cwwla-ion the c~o~lip~-t~he~~.;ivr. intelligent. 

and yet simplr and .trxiphtfor~irard wheu~t. deviqrd I)? L'Enfant 

under the direction of Wa&ington and Jeflefion.' 

L'Enfant'h plan show.; that he wa. fruniliarwith thework of LrnBtrc. -PA- - -- -- - A - - - - 

'Through the courtesy of the Hon. Lyman J C~age, former Serretary of the Trewur!, the Cornn~ission mere enahled ti) I isit tlww hi&tnriv tonnr anrl estate* on thr 

Potori~ar and James rivers and on Che*alwakt. Bay anltmp xi hirh Ka~hington pawed 

his life, and ~vhich esemplify the principle< of plan and (le*ign for a hich the seventeenth century was fanlow. Jleager and +light a.s these esamplw of formal landwape 

treatment seem when compared with their European prototyp, they nererthelrns 

possese a uin~ple dignity and stateliness. and the! el in(.? an acquaintancr on the part 

of their designem with the fundamental principle* of art. 

'The L'Enfant'e plan was in eharge of the C'ommissione~ of the Di9tric.t of ('oluulbin from 1791 to 1802; of the Superintendent of Pnblic Build~ngs from 1802 ttr 1Sl5: 

of the Conxnic.sioner of Public Bnildinp from 1815 to 1850, and since 1850 to the 

present time, of the Comn~issioner of Public Buildings and Grounds. The map i4 

largely illegible, hut has Iwn reproduced by the Coast and C~edet~c Survry. 
2'6 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

whow example.; of Iandwape architecture. not onl- in France hut also in 

Italy and England. are still the admiration of the world. We know, 

alw, that L'Enfttnt had the advantage of tho*e niap of foreign cities, 

"drawt~ on R large and nwurate wale." which .JeRer.;on gathered during 

hi. piil~li~. wrvice ahroad. and ye learn from Jefferson's letters horn 

he aclju~.cd L'Enfant not to depart from cl:t.;qical ~nodelh. but to follow 

tho+ esnmplrs vihich the world had agreed to s~dmire. In order to 

restudy there ramc nlodelq and to take note of the great civic work. of 

Europ~. the Corn~ili+-io~t ynt f;\-r wrks of the simmer of 1Hcjl in foreign tmrrl. I-i.;iting London. Paris. Ro~nr. Yenice. Vienna. Rndwpest. 

Frankfort. and Berlin. Among the many prohlenis with which the 

Chmmirsion is called upon to deal thew i- not one whic.11 has not heen 

dtdt with in wine one of the citiw mentioned, and 1)- way either of 

t.sarnple or of warning the le.;wn* of the yaqt hare been Ihrought to 

k:ir upon the present work. 

111. 

011 heginning work the Corurnis4on mere ronfronted 1,y the facat that 

while hmn the fird of 0ctot)er till ahout the middlc of Xi- the c.liniatic 

('llmn+ic cuntlltlon\ vonditionr of Washington are mo.t raluhrious. dur- In W nshlnrton. illy the remaining four and R half ulonthh thc cit~ 

ih whje~t to rxt~nded periods of intenw heat. during which all 

Y iindue expenditure 

of ph-sic-st1 force. 

b son of prolongtd or 

s p c. c. i :I 1 rcwion.;. 

dwkg the hottest 

NO. 84.-FOUNTAIN, BARBARlNl PALACE, ROME. 

NO 63 -FOUNTAIN FARNESE PALACE, ROME 
NO. 86 --FOUNTAIN, PIAZZA DEL OUIRINALE. ROME 

NO. 7X.--VZRSAIl.LES AVLNIIL IN THE PARK, SUOGESTING THE SHAUCD WALK5 VF 1HF I'HOI.VICO MVNUMENT GROVE. 



NO l(I0 I?ASlN AND OREAT CANAL, FONTAINEBLEAU, SUGGESTIVE OF THE TREATMENT OF THE CANALS WE57 OF THE 

MONUMENT. 
THE NEED OF FOITNTBINP. 27 

accwmplished to mitipite the ph~aicai drain caused hy sunlnler heat. 

Singnlarly rnough. wp to the prehent time the abundant fac.ilitir.; 

which nature afford* for healthful and pleasant revreation during 

heated tern^. hare heen 11egIe(-ted. and in this respect \T'ashington is 

far 11ehind other cities whew climatic. mndition. demand ~nuc.h Ie-, 

and whme opportunitie.; alw art3 ltw farorahle. 

111 Rome throughout thr cmtnrie* it hit* been th~ pride of emperor 

and of pop(. to Iluild fountain- to p~.omotc! health and give plea.rlrr. 

Mile after mile of aqaedurt has t)eelr ~onstru~ted to rather the water 

even fron~ rtwote 

hill*. a n d 11 r i n g 

great living .trcanl* 

into t)rery quarter 

of the city: so that 

fro111 the ~nolntlnt of 

cnteriny the Eternal 

C'itp until the tinw 

of t1ep"rtnrc. the ri+ 

itor i- wtr(~ly out 

of 4ght of lwitutiful jet% of a:~ter. 

non flung upn-ard 

in great rolu~nn- to 

add life and dignity t3vet1 to St. I'eter'*. or arain p.hi~tg ill the, for111 

of cviwacle. from -ome great nork of arc.hitrc.t 01. .cwlpto~.. or .till 

again dripping rrfrwhinpl over the 1)rim of :I Jwttutiful lla*in that 

w:i. old when tht~ Chri.tia11 era lwpau. The Fortm~ i. in ruin.. 1):ieilica. and 1)ath. hal-t. hen tr:tn&mrd into chnrvhe-. p:ilac.e. hart. lwen 

turned into niuserml-: but the foui~t:iin- of Romtl RIY~ eter~litl. 

If dl the fountain. of K:-:l-hingtou. instead of tieing left lifrle- :ind 

iwrt it- they :ir~ during :I gre:~tt>r portio11 of the time. .hould lw cet 

Thrnrrm',tg nf~,,u,, pltt! ing at their full rapac~ity. tbtay would not u-r the 

t~in*. amount of antcr that lwr+ fro111 the 11-orld-fan~ou* 

fountain of 7'1vvi or *pla*he* on the *tone. of the piazza of st. pettlr'*. 

At the Chgtesu de Vau~-1e-\~iromte. near Pari.. the great landscape 

architect Lendtre built cawade.. CHIIH~~. a11d fountain. using onetwelfth of the daily water-snppl- of the District of Columbia. The 

fountain* at Ve~..;ailleb are one of the 111o.;t attractive spectacle* enjoyed 

h?- the people of France. 
28 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

The original plan* of Washington show the high appreciation L'Enfant had for all form. of water decoration; and when the heats of a 

Washington summer are taken into conqidemtion. further argument 

is unnec.es.;ary to prore that the first :ind greatest step in the matter 

of 1)rautifyinp the District of ('olumhia ii wc11 an increwe in the 

water *upply a. will make possible the c.opiou+ and ewn 1ari.h uw of 

water in fountain.. ' 

IT. 

Thr loc.ation of pn1)lic 1)nilcling. ha.: rec.eired thr wry caarefnl conThe ll,est,o,,l,f pu 4der~tion of the C'ommir*ion. In gener:ll trrlnq 

~UI~III~C\. their ronclusion. are: 

Fiwt. That only pul~lic. hnildinp ~hould fare thc ground. of the 

Capitol. 

Second. That new Dt~pnrtment lwilding. ma!- well I)e liwated -() a. 

to fwe Lafa~ette -quitw. 

'The present daily consumption of water in the District of Colurnl~ia is about 

62,000,000 gallon^; the reservoirs now have a rapacity of 75,000,000 gallons; and the 

filtration plant nil1 have a rapacity equal to that of the reserroirq. The Chief of 

Enpineers estimates that even if the work of increasing the supply ir hepun immediately, the task ran not he completed hefore the demand will exceed the available 

supply. 
SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES-COMMITTEE ON THE DISTRICT OF COLUUBIA 

WASHINGTON, D . C. 

DIAGRAM OFA PORTION OF CITY SHOWING 

PROPOSED SITES FOR FUTURE 

PUBLIC BUILDINGS 

I 

SCALE 1-0 

DEC. 1901 

0 u~IIDDD~ 

COMMlSSlON ON THE IMPROVEMENT 

OF THE PARK SYSTEM 

DANIEL H. EURNHAM, CHICAGO AUGUSTUS ST GAUDENS, NEW YORK 

CHARLES F. MoKIM, NEW YORK FREDERICK UW OLMSTED JR BROOKLINE 

NO 6-343 

1- 

E CAPITOL ST. I7 


A UNION RAILROAD STATION. 2 t) 

IYhen the Co~llt~ii.sion wr. :~ppoit~tecl th~h Baltitlmw and Ohio Kiiilnay na. entitled. under :it\ xcat of ('origre.. p~..ed on Ft.l)ruxl.y 12.1$+()1. 

u,,l,,n rnllronll to (+ot~dt~~ltt~ :nd (SITU~~ :I de for R depot fl-ot~ting 011 

kt:ltl~le. C' .trtvAt: :md tht~ Pt~tin.ylv~t~i:~ Knilw:~~ . ~uldrr an :I($ 

apl~~o\~~l :it the .:mw tinltl. \r a. give11 x .tril) of Iiitrd :il)out four huttdl~d 

fcvt I\ idta ~ro\.i~~g tllr 3I:ill. TItt1 ('~I~III~~~II fomd ii11no.t :~t otwr 

tht unle.. the t)rtlt~s,vlvania Itailwa! \rould lea\-tl thv lIa11 :itd 1)uilcl 

it. +t:ition t1l.rn.he1.e thc. illtl,l.ovc~~~~c&r~t of tl~iit plat 11al.k would 

i~itt. So ow hiid rill!- wricru. 1lol)t~ that tile Pt.ntt.yl\-i~nii~ C'ompany 11 ottld n-ithdr:tn. Holr-ever. in the -nilnin. of l!>()l the prr.it\rnt 

of tlliit t~01111xi11y vot~~twttdo do co. pro~idd tile (+ov~~*t~tr~twt T\ ould 

nlet3t th~ c.onlp:Ltt> it1 a .pirit \r-hivh would tw:it~Io hit11 to ju.tif? the 

no\ (, to thr <t~)~lil~~ldt.r.. Jt W:I. tl~m c~ppe.ttd thiit the I't~tr11..~1- 

I ani:l iind Hiiltinlortl and Ohio vo~ul~:tnir- -hoald Ibnild :L union \t:tti(m 

:it the 4tt. on C' .trtvt g!.l'tu~ttd to the Ii~ttrr I)!- C'ot~p~.r.. . the tiw 3011thern road- retic~l~in~ the 1oc:ition through n tun tirl u~trlvr Ct~pi to1 Hill 

Hut after vxrrful (at-idtmtiot1 it was fot~rid th:~t tlti. .it? for :I ut~iot~ 

station n-it* not :idtvlu:~te. :ind a1.0 that it ~r-onltl ~.c>.ult in ;i tr:iit~ .hrd 

estetding over 3l:;~w-hu.ett. iiwnue: :~nd tht.1~4ore thr C'OIIIIII~-.~OI~ 

wggrstecl tl~t the qt:itiot~ 1)t~ loc.:~ted ~tortll of JIi~~s:ichu.ett~ :I~C~IIII~~. 

the venter of thtl l)~~ildi~tg lwinp on the axi. of I)rl:t\\:ire :I\ t~~or. :iI)o~~t 

a quarttv of :i ~nilr from the Oupitol. 

Thi. location ha. t)em ac~~pted t)j th~ Knpinrr~ Co~ttt~ii..iottt~l.. the 

Park Co~utui..ion. :tnd the ~xilrvay I.OIIIIYXII~CL.. tile 1:tttt.r vvn~twtity to 
3 0 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DTSTRICT OF COLVMHIA. 

make the mores 1)rovided the Gorernnwnt n-ill treat the111 in a re:lsot~- 

:~l)ltl manner. The attitude of the railway. ha. l>een pu1)lic qpirited 

and most ndnlirahle in thi. matter. They hare c.ot~sented to gire up 

a location e111inent1~- fit for their business. ilnd for no other purpose 

than to help out the gener:d conditions of convenience and 1waut~- as 

laid down I)?- ttw I'iirli C:i)nm~ir-ion. 

111 front of the union station the Colnmirqion propoqed it public. 1)laza 

to l)t. 4s Ilr~ntht~l fwt in width 1)q twelrtb hundred feet ill length. 

I.arR ,,,, nn,l*,,l ,,,. , oriiai~~rnt~d withfitting terrac~. 1)asins. and fountains. 

xuuerutlon%. Faring tthi. 1)Iazn. :111d a hundred feet north of the 

line of JIa+ichurc~tth :I\-enue will lw the nlarhl~ fayade of the station. 

sewn hundred and sixty feet long. Thi. great *tation forms the 

grand yaten-ily to the cxl)ital. 

through wl1ic.h ewr- cmr who 

come* to or gee< from I\Tt\-hington ~~~~~t $1.: there is 

no rrrillviid t~ntering the city 

that will not use the tion on. it 

heroil~r- the redi\~u\e of the 

capital. Thih being the fact. 

the iniport:ince of thi. station 

i~ greater than that of any 

other one in my vity in the 

world. If there were scrwal 

station. in the city each might 

1,r treated :I* i~ railmay shed 

and the :irc~hitectnr:d e~preqsicw need not prol)erl~- he of 

so high :in order. Hut not *o 

thi. on(.. The three great 

:wc-iiitectural ft~~turt+ of :I (q)it:il ('it. 11eing the hall* of legi4ation. 

tht) c~srcutivr Ibuilding.. and the w.ti1)ule. it ih felt 1)- the railroad 

(w~~~):tnie. that the qt~le of this t~uilding should he equally a. dignitird :I. that of the 1,nhlic buildings thcni.elve.. Therefore it is that 

the cl~.ign gee. 1):lvk to lmre Rorn:~n niotiw.. the central portion 

being deriwd direvtly from the triun~phal arch of Constantine :id 

the wing. )wing 1)rought into subordination to it. 

The central part. the veqtihule of the station. i. two hundred and 

ninety-three feet wide. containing three arche-, each opening being 
M~N~MEKTAL DESIGN. 81 

about thirty by .iixt~ feet: with elid pa\-ilion- for foot pacwngers. 

The waititlg room will Iw ow hundred and thirty 1)y 

N~mumentnl drslen. 

two hundred and fifty feet. it- wall. of ni:~-on~.y and its 

arched ceiling of glas- and iron. The u-unl room- of :I grand stetion 

are :tdded. R~hind the head houw i* :I lobhr eighty by firth hundred 

itnd tifty fert. and an open spare nrst the track- ~mn- twide this 

lohhy. thi- space heinn fort- feet in width. Tlle lohhy open- out upon 

the ~lde .;trr~t* and i. perfectl!- acccwi1)lr to the waiting room-. 

The design of thi. station i- intended to be ~n~nunient:tl in ewry 

reqpect and to be in keeping with the dignity of the chief city of 

America and with it- pre-mt :~nd fr1tr11.t. Iwauty. 

Annlostnn Inland 

NO. 19.--GENERAL PLAN OF THE MALL SYSTEM 
KEY TO THE 3f.iLI. SSBTE\I. 

E: City of TI-:~.hington. during thc centrll:\- 4nce it- fountlntion. ha. 11ee11 dewlolwd ill thc niain :uxording to the plat1 

111:tdr in 1i!l1 t\> Jlxjor Pctrr Charle. L'Enfant and :ipprowd 

P~wid~nt 1l';ishinpton. That pl:i~i the Clol~~liii~zion ha. :linied to 

re3tore. develop. and -upplrnient. 

Thc .. C'ongre.. hor~.~" and thr "P~.esident'+ pa1:tc.e." a. he termed 

them. TVPT(> the carc1i11:~l feature. of L'Enfmt'. plan: and the-e edifice.; 

hc cwnnwttd .. I)>- :I grtinci a\-mile 51rw huudrrd feet in t)~.eadth. :ind 

ahout :I milch in lrnpth. hwdered I)\- par(1en.. ending ill R slope from 

the hou-e* o11 each *icle." At the poillt of intersection of tno line<, 

one ilr:t\r~~ tin-ough the center of thr C'xpitol the other dmwn through 

thtl i.entt7r of the White Hou-r. L'Enfa~~t fixed the .;ite of all eqwtrian statil~ of Gencsal \17a.;hington. ouc of the unmeron. .tntur. voted 

1,- thc C'onti~~ent~l Chngre.;. but 11e1-er erected. 

1f7hrn. in 184s. the 1)eople Ijegan to build thc Wrt.hinpton Monunier~t. 

the cngincer. dwpaired of securing on the proper.ite 11 foundatiou wfficient for .o great :I .;tructure: and c.on.;equentl~- the Monument ma.; 

35 
36 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

located out of all relatio114 with the buildings which it was intended to 

tie together in a single composition. To create these relation5 as 

originally planned was one of the chief prohle~ri* of the Commission. 

Again, the reclamation of the Potomac Flak. pro.;ecuted sinre 18W. 

has added to thta ?tIoniimrnt grollnds an area :iboilt one milt1 in length 

from east to west; so thrit where L'Enfant dealt with a compo4tion 

one and :I half mile* in length. the Coninii*~ion i. called upon to 

deal with an asea two a~id it half ride. long. with :i iuasinluni 1)readth 

of ahout one ride. 

BJ- the inclusion of the spacar betwren Ptwn.;ylrania and Sem lTork 

avenueq on the no~th. snd Narvland avenue and the Potomac- Hirer on 

the south. the new co~nposition I)ecvxne..; u .!-~nuietric~al, polygonal. or 

kite-shaped. tigure hiqected from east to west 19- the mi.: of the Capitol 

and fro111 north to 5011th 1)y the IYhite Hou-c axis. Reparcling the 

Monarnent as the center, the Capitol as the base. and the \\'bite House 

as the estremity of one arm of a Latin cro*s. we have at tllr head of 

the composition on the bank. of the Potonl:ic. n nien~orial *ite of the 

greatest possil)lr dignit-, with a serond arid only less commanding site 

at thtb extren~ity of the *ecord t~rn~. 

So c~steniire :I coniposition. and onr cwntaininp such important rlenlents. doe. not rsist elsewhtlre: and it i. e-enti:d that tht. plan for it.; 

trcatmt~rit 4iall conll)intl -i~i~plicit! with ilipnitj-. 



I nc LLipi' UL, WEST ELEVATION, SHOWING PROPOSED TERRACE, RESTORATION OF THE BULFINCH GATES AND BOUNDARY FENCE. FOUNTAINS AND APPROACHES. 
HE C'apitol. 1oc.atecl I)?- Vashington ttnd T1'Enfant on a .ite 

n-hivh see111ed to the latter a* "rt pedestal waiting for ii nlonunlent." wa.: constructed in accordance with plans prepared 

Thornton and selected t,- the firqt President nncl his Secret:q- of 

State. 1)ecause :mong the number of cle~ig~i~ ~ulmlitted Thornton.* 

alone di~pla-ed the dignified *implicit- 1vhic.h should c+haracterize thc 

Iegislatire halls of a nation. Under the pt~m1aI dire~tion of Pw4- 

dent Fillmore. the Capitol was rstended 1))- the addi- The Cnpltol. 

tion of the Senate and the Houw wing*. and the 

edifice was surmounted 1yi- n *oaring dome, all dr4gned hy Tholnwh 

I'. Kalter.' Pistingui.;hed alike for it< historic :ts.ociatiol~. :trld for 

ith :trc~llitectural merits. thtl Capitol stand.; in th~ ~llidst of RIII~IP 

grounds, indeed, but i* .urrouuded in the wain 1,~ l)ri\.ntr tnlildings. nlrinj- of thc~ll of the nmt syu:tlid cha~.ac*ter. or 1)y 11egl~(~ted 

*tretches of land used :IS dnnlpinp ground<. Froni the Xi11 -y.telri 

the ground* are cut off hy the IZotnnicx (;nlde~~. 11-allrd alltl fe~lt~d 

SO as to 1)loc.k the nay. 
38 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

Facing the Capitol grounds on the east stands the Congressional 

Lil~rary: and it i- contemplated that at no distant day the Supreme 

Court of the I'nited States shall he accommodated in a huilding constructrd for the esclu41-e use of that trilmnal. on the square directly 

north of tht. 1,il)rarg :' and that the Senate and the House of Representatives will hare constructed for the uses of their meruhers huildings respectire1~- on the north and on the south of the grounds of the 

Capitol. " 

Thc c+on.;trnction of thp ahow-mentioned t)nildinga as planned dl 

makc it in the highest degree appropriate that fronting the entire square 

No. 22a.-Plan of the Capitol Grounds by Thornton. Architect of the Capitol (1303). 

occupirtl I)y the Capitol ground* only pu1)liv tmildings bearing a 

common relation to legislatire work .;ha11 be erected. If the re+- 

rocal relation.; of the new 11,nilding.; shall he studied cnrefnllg. so as pp - - - 

Rills cwntemplnting such a lmilding are regularly intro~lucrrl in ('ongres-. See 

S. 1113, Fifty-rrre11t11 C'ongrers. 

The sundry civil art of March 3, 1901, authorizes the preparation of plan< for a 

mructnre to be rrected "a~ljacent to the proun& of thr Papito1 lmilding." E~timatea hare been prq)ared for the purchaw of the lal~dv on the south de of the 

Capitol pwndk. 
I~~T'ASIONS OF THE L'ENFANT PLAN. :+ 9 

to produce harmony of design and unifo~m~ity ofcwrrtict~ iine. the 

resulting architectural conlposition will lw unecjualed in magnitude 

and nlonumental charactvr h- any hinii1:u. !croup of 1egiql:ttive I~uildinp in the niodcrn world. 

The mcctwsf~~l derelolment of this propoked r;rricbq of Idding. 

invlosing the Capitol .;clnar~ is to be :rswred only hy stricat adh(.rrnct. to 

~~~.~l~~~ of tllr that ,<~-steni of~.iidi,tl awnues laic1 down 1-I>- l\r:l.hinl,.ton 

L'Enfnnt plan. and L'Enfaut, upon which the Capitol clepend. for itr 

dominating character. -1ny invasio~l of thtv historic artcricc 1'01)1-ekcnting the origind state> and centering upon th~ Donle must I)e fatnl, 

11ecawe inconsistent with the funtla~~it~ntal pril~ciplrs upon n-hic.11 the 

city is built. The location of tlw Lil)riir>- of C'ong~ws partly ill I'cwny-lvania a\-ennc is a l)c'rpetu:~l ~uutil:~tion of I1'Enf:~nt's lhn. :urd 

jnflic.ts i~tcalculahle jnj1u.j- to the C'apitol. \vhic.h the I~~II'RI:\. ill ~xirt 

c.o~iceals. Other sin~ilar instancrs arc the t>ste~;sion ofthe 7'1~~asu1.y 

and the construction of the State. TVxl*. :tnd Sa\-j- lmiltlinps so :~s to 

c:lose forever c:~refully planntd vist:~s of the lV11itt. Horlsc. These 
40 PARK STPTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMRIA. 

diqcordant notes should warn futnre generations that sites for public 

buildinp are dearly purchased at the cost of those ewential elements 

which gin. to TTashingtou it- unique advantage over all other American cities. 

In 1803 Thornton nlarkrd the houndtwie.; of the Capitol gronnds to 

of correspond with the rec.tilintw system of street.;. :md 

Capltel ~rauncl*. thew line* were n1aintained until the 1:~test addition 

to the ground< hrought allout i~~norations. iwnlting in vm-ious c!~~.red 

pojrc'tions. wpecidly on the western de. Thi.: c.onlp1ication of the 

early plans hai~iqhed the Hulfinch gate- md fence which *o strongly 

emphasized thtl frontage of sixteem hundred feet that corresponds to 

the vidth of the Mall. The recol-ery of thi- original fenturr of the 

Capitol design. supplemented 1)- the construction of :L central tt.rrace 

one thou.;and feet ill width. will giw thtl 1)roadest poqsihlta support 

to the Capitol. which. resting upon thi. h.;r a. on a plinth. will gain 

an additional height of forty feet. 

The wehtern sloptl of the C:q~itol ground. hhould 1)e reliewd ttnd 

enriched by ha.;in- and fountains in which the wattr, falling f1-on1 

oue level to another. is poured fidly into a grrat central 1,001 at 

the lrl-t.1 of Fiwt qtreet. So L'Enfant intended in his plan for "a 

grand cascade formed of water fi.olll the ~~~rcr- of the Til~er." 

which was to mitigate the hesat of the s1111-~)xked hill. 

Several of the great radial :Ivenur- extending from the Capitol 

and the White Houstk climb thr hills encircling tho city. and on the 

crrsts of thew hills sulwrh sites artb found for shining The radlal svenucR. 

menlorials stmlding out against the sky. Often these 

&tas temlinate on sonit. far-off hill. \\-hew :I sinlplr white qhelter 

rill prove the mo.;t eflectiw treatment. In other instuuct>.; tht' hill 

crrwt. are in the litidst of :I populou- ~.egion. and in thta-c case* the 

trtatnwnt shoultl he on a mow conq)rt~hrnri\-r. scalt1. For exan~ple, 

at thr. head of Sorth C'apitol strwt :I nlonunlentnl t.ntr:ince to the 

So1dirr.s' Honie -1~ould lbt. l~nilt: and thv -hnrl) riw of Sixteenth street 

hhould carry an in~l)o.;ing arch. wcli :I- tlw ow projtv3ed as a 

n~tworial to TYillixnl 3IcKinlt.y. 
NO. 3-.-VIEW SHOWING THE PROPOSED TREATMENT OF UNION SQUARE. AT THE H:AD OF THE MALL. 
'Tlw lovation now fixed for the Sl~erman statue i~ tlirrctl! s~~utt~ id the Trewar? 

Lkpartn~ent, where a granite ~~edestal has lwn c.t~n.truvte~l Thi~ Icwation w~yeqt- 

?.tv,~etar?- Shern~an rather tl~an (~eneral Sherman .I It~caticm it)r the rant n1elkLorial war relwted tentatively hefore the Park ('on~miwiun nlatir its rqwrt; an11 tl~e 

cm~)~titors made 11esigns for a vite either so1it11 of the White House or rt~uth of the 

State. Kar, anti Savy 1)nilding. The vomn~ir~ion on thr (Grant memorial I n~atle up 

vf (+n. (.trenville _\I. Ihdge. pre~iclent of the Society of tl~e Army of the Teu~tes~ee, 

cl~air~nan: Senator tieorye Peal~ody Wetnrort,, chainuan of the Joint Cornmitt* on 

the Lihrq-; a~rtl Him. Elihn Root. Serretar!. t~f War) appointed ar a cou~n~ittee to 

judge the relative n~erit~oi the ~nodels whmitted in the v~~n~petitioa, Lieut. (;en. .J. 31. 

Fchoiiel(1, Maj. (;en. Wesley 31. Merritt. Ihiel H. Hurnha~n, Charler 1:. JIrKinr. 

Augnstnr Faint (+andrn~. and 1)aniel ('hrrter French. This conlnrittee relrortrtl, on 

April 12. 1902, that it lratl selt~rted nnani~nously tl~e n~odelr ~)i tlw iollo\\-ing 

prmow: Henry 3Irrwin S11ratly. Charlrr Henry Sirhaus (a~~oc.iatr11 wit11 Heilry 

Bacon. architect), .T. llasrey Rhhl (m-it11 Hrirht k Harrm, arvhitrcti. I. Charles A. 

Lopez and F. (;. H. Rot11 1 wit11 Henry Hornl~t~stel, arrhitecti, Waltlr, Story. and 

Rurr ('. Jliller. Of the ris the von~n~ittee found the ~lesiyn r~~l)i~~itteil l~y JIr. 

: Shraily the first in iutrinsiv ~nerit and hst atlaptrtl to thr ~itr intiiratetl, on the axis 

I 

! -I I 

! 
4 2 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLCMBIA. 

The placing of the defenders of the Union at this great point of 

convergence rlonhly ju.;tifie.: the nauie of "Union Square." 

Brilliantly illu~nin:tted. embellished with fountain.;, and coninlanded 

I?\- terrace*. thi. quare woulcl compare favorably, in both extent and 

trratnirnt. with the Pluw de 1:t Concorcle in Paris. 

of the \Vhite Honv. They fou~~d the ~lelripn *ol)n~itte~l bySiehau~ and Baron 

wcwnrl in intrin~ic. tnerit, and 1)erfectly adaptetl to either ~ite. They made further 

reco~11111e11datio11~ a&follo\\s: "The committee tl~inks it tleairable, noth\vithutanding 

the 1)rilliant character of Mr. Shrady'u c.on~pwition, to Iw assured of his powers to 

execute R figure of (+rant with tlwnol~ility and reserve power that it rhould powew. 

011 the other han~l, the q~nalitie- II~ Mr. Siehaus'u work \\ere of such high nrder and 

nere so c10*e it1 merit to thole c~f Mr. Sl~rady's that the con~lnittee feel9 it wonld I)e 

unfair to Mr. Siehaw to reject his nork without another trial. 

" E'urthernmre, ih vie\\ of the fact that sinre the wmpetition for the (+rant monnnient \\a. inrtitutetl the ~rrcip~witi~~n trr p1ac.e three eclurctrian Gtatue. together at the 

hem1 of the 31all, in the venter of hi1111 %iuare, ha.: been urge11 in the ])Ian of tlw 

Park ('o~nn~icsion, and also in view of the pwsihility of thih e(l~~r~trian fgure of 

(;rant Iw.r~u~ing the cwitral fraturr uf thi~ portiun of the ])Ian of the Park ('ommi?- 

sion, the wnl~nittre lwgr to wn~ge~t that, lwfore finally 111akiny the award lle~srr. 

Shrady ant1 Siehau? Ire requr~te~l toexecute another nio~lel of al~nt fonr feet in 

height for the eqnestrian proull of (;enera1 (;rant. Ar this enlargetl model \voulti 

invol\-r a vt3r)- ~ericms es1)ense to the wrilj>torr, tl~e 1.1~m111ittee Fuggerts that an 

a~,l~rolriate ~11111 of ~~~oney I)e offered in rrnluneration to the ~uwarcessful c.c~mprtitor. 

".-llth~~ugl~ ontsi~le of the inrtrr~cti~lns nf your (.onltni4on ~II this c~ulnlittee the 

wtr~t~rittre 1)ep Ithare to snggestu that, \vhile the central ~ite, na~nrly, the White Lot. 

i~ well actalItetl for tl~r 11url~nsr of a ~nonnn~ent to (;enera1 (+rant. the plaring of any 

kintl of a ~~~onun~ent in the Wl~ire Lot c4rcle i. estren~rly n1)jrctional)lr fro111 an 

arti~tic. ~tan(1~1oint aurl is an cti~~roachment upon historir ground. 

"The four corners of the IVhite Lot scpare are (leeole11 highly apprt)priate 111act.s 

for svlwr~linatr military ~~~onall~entr, 1)nt neither one i? suited in dignity for a uite 

for a n~onnnlent t~) (+enrral ( ;rirnt." 

The rrport of the c.o~~lnlittet. was adoptecl at the juclyment oi the c.om~nisaion. The 

following rrwlutiot~ war adolktrtl ar; the sense of the ronlmir+ion: 

''EI:~o/I.~, That in pursuance oi the rec~~n~~r~enclatitrr~ rrf the atlrirory mn~tnittee, 

blew-r. Shrarly awl Siehaw 1)e re~lueetetl each to eserute another model of four feet 

in height for the equestrian gron1) of (ieneral (;rant, in order to enable the cwrnnlk- 

 ion ~II makr final r;elet.tion lwtueen the designs ~nl)n~ittetl 11y thole gentlrn~en 

F~rrtlrr'r reeol~rrl, That 57.50 be paid to each t~f the111 ujmn the co~nj~letion and ~ub 

t~~i~sion nf 'aid ti~odrla." 

-l\'ISG (~ot~.idtw~d thtl C'tlpitol ground- :tnd thcb area- tvlatotl 

tht11.rto \\tJ (.OIII(> tlow to that long qtwtc.11 of tevitorjdc~ignrtl to furni-1) the prk-like 111~11- of (.oinnl~l~li(.~tti(,rt 

l)et\rtv.l~ the 1rgi.lati1-c :iud the t~sec~itive dep:trtltlent+. It i- intrre-tillg to tlote that :~lthor~gh thi. .p~c.v ha- Iwc111 rrtt into piwv.. 

qonie of w11ic.h II:L\-P Iwc~tl high]>- drwlop~d ac.c.ording to th~ 1:ttlcl- 

-~:q)r :~rt of th~ day. 11- For (~S:IIIIPIC thv g~ollrtd- of th~ S111itl1- 

+olli:tt~ 111-titntivn and the Aipri~.nltu~-~. IkpWi~t~t~t. :ind wliilt> other 

lx~rtio~~- h:tw J)etw dirt.~.tcd f~o~rl thrir original l)llr;wse-. a- it1 the 

cn-e of thtl -ection- pivtw up to thc. Botanic. C+a~den and tht. IZalti111ore tilld Potoln:lc. 12:dro:td. still tlw L'Enfant ido~ of twating the 

entire .l)n(v a- a unit ha. ttevilr I)Iw~ entirely lo-t .ipht of. Iitdeed. 

dr~rit~p tllt~ PI-7 tnotith- of IGl. ~rhrti the right of way awo-. the 

Xall wa- l)t,it~~\.rd up or^ n 1xi1ro:td. one branch of C'onp.e-s agreed 

to a lwopo4tion to vomthe the .;~~ttr~wl area. into :I -inplr pt.li. 

hat wa- detc~.red froni .<I doing laiyel~ I)? tht~ objertion that -rrc.h 

trentnitwt n-odd dividcb TI7a.hington into two l~a~t-.' 

The pradrl:il dr\-elopnt>~tt of the city :ind it. yron-th toward the 

north. togrtll~t. with tlw lo(.iltiotl in tht. 51~~11 of puhl~c. Iwildiug- for 

-c.it.ntiti~. 1~1rpo-e.. haw ~.c.altrd irt a .t~:ldj- irnp~~ovc~tiir~lt in the 

c.hamrtcr of thc hll. nhich iluritlg the ]):I-t tliirt! year- 1i:t- l)et't~ 

vhtingcd from a c.o~timoi~ pasture into n -el% of park sp:iwurlt~li~:dl~ drvt~lopt~tl. indrrtl. :~nd in lhce- 1)rolien in upon I)? I)tlit~g 

p11t to (-01111ilt~rci:11 or other t~xt~-an~ou- u-e-.11nt ~wverthele~. 1)ewnling ~r~ort' ntd IIIOI-t' :ippr(~(-i;itcd frmn year to year. TYith thi. pradu:il 

iiti1wovtwt~1tt ha- -~IYIII~ 1111 :L genenil de.ire that the L'Enfant plan. 

II~ revt~rttd to. nttd that the rntiw ~RCP wuth of Pentl-y1v:min :cver~tlc 

lw -et apart -01rIy fo~. pJ)li(. l)urpo-t+. 

In ordrr to rtvilizv thi. 11atw:ll :~nd n1o.t la~~clnl)l(~ t1r.it.r. tn-o thing. 

:IIV e--twtial: Fir-t. the 1xi11.o:id 111u.t IN' ren~od from the 31~11. and. -- - - - 

'st~r c.,litori:3l. anll artlc.lr- ill tlw \Vii-hin~t<~n \tit1 ~~II~IIIZ Ft'lm~~r\ anli \l:irdr. 

1871 

4:; 
el\ewhcw in thew. I-eports, the opportunity i. p~v-rnted to C'ongress 

to +curt1 not only tllr excln.;ion of the rsilroad. hut ah0 the co~wtruction of n union .tation. a cwnsun~mation which. 1o11g agitated. haq 

hrretofort~ seemed I~yond tht porsihility of :1c'c~o111l)li*lU17ellt. 

Fortunately. also, thc Ioc*iltiol~ of the Monun~ent doe. not preclude 

the rst.nl)lishinrr~t of sncah elations :is will Jjring that lrlal relatlmhhlp. strr~cture into o~ynni(. c.onnec-tion vith the nlonu- 

~ncntt~l t~uildiny. a\~ovt> n~tntiond ho that Capitol. White Houw, 

and Jlonumcnt .hall l)eco~nr conhtiturnt parts of one c+o~llpo,ition. 

The plrm of th~ C'o1n1ni4on c.ontrll~plate% the esten4on of H qtreet 

northwrtwa~d to Pcwn-ylva~~i:~ WWIIIW. ~hencc it continue^ on the 

north hide of the bpitol gronnd-. thu. .ecnrin~ for the Mall a unifor111 width of .isteen hrudrrd feet th~m~gl~out it. entirr extent. 

Within thew lwundarie. it l)ec.on~t~. po.4hle to develop the Jhl 1 :ired 

in acc.o~danc~ with the prneriil c\i.tril)ution of the L'Enfant plan. with 

srlc.I~ clnIargt.n~enth 213 thcb c.ontlitio~rh of to-daj- have nlacle po<siI)Ie and 

Thu- area. adjoining Ii *trt.et north and south. averaging 11101~ than 

four hu~ldl.rd fwt in width from the Capitol to the Nonnn~rnt. :ifford 

erected for thr Drpart~nrnt of Agricwlture on the hite of the p~-~-rnt 

Imilding marlis at oncr the building line and the type of arrhiterture 

I\ hirh should 1~ adopted throughout the ,\la11 >ptenl: n hilt. the I~uilcliag. of tbr Sation:iI Mu+cu~n :ind the Fi.heriei Conmi.;.ion 1)nilding. 

both of which are inadequate and unsuited for their rehpectir~ po1-11oser 

serve to hhow the c1a+ of the hervice that may well be accommodi~trd 

with new structu~-e.* located within a park area.' 

The asic of the Capitol and 3Ionmnent i- clear1~- defined I>!- an 

espanse of undulating green w mile and a half long and three hundred 

feet hroad. walled on either side h- elm.. planted The taph-wrt. in forn~al proresrion four ahreart. Rordel.ing this 

green carpet. ~.oad*. park-like in character. stretch hetween Capitol 

'The ~undry civil act a* reported to th~ Senate in April, 1902, t~ontainc ;I pro\-irio~~ 

for plans for a nev lx~ildiny for thr rational 3Iwt.u111, to coct P?.~K)o,O~O. It ip 

espec*ted that the entire building, or group of l~nil(lin,os. ail1 c~rt not le.. than 

$4.000,000. 



THE MALL. 4.5 

the S~IIIIP to ~vlic'v~ fro111 111011oto11. the 111t~:~lom-- 

I rmu\ n\h. 

lik(. .tlvtc.lt :I ~itiltl nnd :t hdf lonp. Tht, cntir+ -pt\c5e 

' In France T7erstlillr~. Fonraint.t,lea~~. ('onlpii.rne. Vatu-lt--\-irvuntv: in -lustria 

the royal pa1ac.e i~i Scli;irll)ru~~l~. nrar Vit.nna; in 13ir.lancl I;n.slly I'arl;, n-i~ill~or 

(+reat Park, awl Mattirld Ilnuut.: in Anwriw Old Hatlley in 3Iasa(.liuretts and 

William~lwrg ill 1-irginia arr n~~trn-ortll\- instanc.ee. 




NO. 29.-SECTION THROUGH CANAL, LOOKING EAST, ON WHITE HOUSE AXIS, SHOWING PROPOSED TREATMENT OF APPROACHES AND TERRACES, FORMING 

A SETTING FOR THE MONUMENT. 
F RON thi. (TO.- :Isis thc cqwt of grtwr-n-art1 of the Mall 

-trvtc.hr. wt..;tw.;1rd. Thr hordering wlrunn- of eltu. i1uirc.h to 

tht. Jlonnnlent g~.our~cl-, c.lim1) the .lope, and. .l)reading them- 

-rlvt+ to right and It~ft on castrncled tcrrww-. fom~ :tgreat 1mcly of 

pwn, .trengtheninp the 1~ro:~d platform f~wn wtii(*ll the o1,rli.k ~.i-e. 

in 11i:ijc.tic. -elwit! . Tilt. grove. on tllc ttbl.riic.r. 1)ec.onie p1wc.t. of 

r+t. from 11 hic11 OIW get. wide ricn.. of tllo hu-J csity: of t11~ Vhite 

Houw. .u~~ro~~ndrrl 1)~- it. :.;11111,11' grortud-; of the Chpitol. crowning 

the hvight. :lt thrh cwd of tlw \>~o:ld vi\t:t: of -ruliiy .trrtc.hr. of rirrr 

I\ inding :it thv foot of thv Yiryinia I~ill.. 

Axial ~vl:~tion. I~ctwt111 thtl \I7hitr HOII-t' III~ the Jlonunlent are 

created 1)) the cw~strwtion of n +unken g:~l~citw 011 the wc-tern +ide of 

three hr~ndrtd frrt ill width II~ do~n fort- fept fmni the JIonu- 

~iler~t p1:ttforni. Surrourdrd I)? terracw 1)rnring elm-. 1:ticl out n-ith 

formal paths 1i1rt.d I)!- hetlp.. and adorned ~ith .111:1l1 tree.. rlnric.hcld 

by fount:~in\ and trmple-likc .trnc>tnre-. thi- ~arilc~l lwori~c- thc gem 

of the J1a11 .y.tern. Set.11 from tht. lo--cr 11~~1. tilth JIonunient 

gain+ :In ildditional height of newly fort^--fivcl feet. while :it the 

wlic tiuw nothing i. .~~ffercd to cwnlc .o near a. to di.;turh tht. i-ola- 
4 8 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF CCILVMRZA. 

At present the inin~cdiate surroundings of the Nonument are so inndequate as to cause the beholder near at hand to lose that very sense of 

So. 25.-Plnn showinr propwed treatment of the 3Jt11111rnmt Onden. 
NO. 58.-QENERAL VIEW OF THE MONUMENT GARDEN AND MALL, LOOKING TOWARD THE C4PITOL. 

-.%I 

NO 44.-VIEW IN T*E MONUMENT GARDEN, MAIN AXIS. SHOWING PQOPOSED TREATMENT OF APPROACHES AND TERRACES, FORMING A SETTING FOR THE WASHINGTON MONLIMENT LMKING EAST. 

NO. 47.-VIEW IN MONUMENT GARLIEN, MAIN AXIS, SHOWING PROPOSFD TREATMENT VF AF'PRVACHES AND 1 ERRACLS, FORMINO 

A SETTING FOR THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 
No I VIC W ot 1 lit TLI<RALC AND MONUMENT GARDEN, LOOKING EAST 
NO. 48 -VIEW IN THE MONUMENT GARDEN. LOOKING TOWARD THE WHITE HOUSE. 



50 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF CO1,TTMHIA. 

this end boat parilio11.s. locker houses, id estensiw I~th house.; should 

he c.onstructed with a11 the c-onveniences known to the Iwst-equipptd 

institutions of like c11a1.actt.r. The psitire dearth of means of innocent 

enjoynwnt for one'.: leis111.e hour* i.; iw~~arkahlr in Washington. the 

one city in thih countq- where 1)eol)lt~ haw the most Iri.:urv. 

\\'hew the asi. of tht. TYhite House inter.:ects the :isi- of Maryland 

a1-rnut1 it site i.; fou11c1 for :1 great menlorial. TThetht.1. this nremorial 

shall take the form of a Pantheon. in which \hall 1)c g~.onptvI the 

statues of the illu.;triouh IIIPII of the nation. or whethrr thta mw~~ory 

of wine individual shall 1~ hworrd 1)y x ~nonl~merlt oftht. first rank 

nlwg lw left to the future: :it le:t<t the site will lw I-e:idy. 


NO. 30.-PLAN SHOWING PRO?O-ED TREATMENT OF THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL SITE 


52 PARK SYSTEY OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

that one Illan in our hi-tory n. a nation who is worthy to be nariicd 

with Georgr 11-a.hi~ngtotn-Al~rahann Lincoln. 

lT7h:~tever may 11e tht~ exact form -elt.cted for the nlernorial to 

Linroln. itn type it hhould po4.e.. the qaality of unirtwalit-. :~nd 

alw it hould hare a ch:~racter e.i;entiall~- di.:tinct fro111 that of :~ny 

mol~uutent either now esihtinp in the L)i<trict or hereafter to he 

Type nltllr Llnl.oln er~~t~d. The tj-pe which the. C'omnii+ion ha* in mind 

Vmn~orinl. i. :L grtxt portico of Ikic colr~nln. ricing from an . 

unbroken stylohatc. Thi.: portico, while :~fTortling a point of wntttge 

fro111 which ont. ob~t~in. :I c~otnnt:lndinp outlook. both r~pon thv ~.i\-er 

and e:l~tmard to the (':ipitol. ha\ for it. chief fnnc.tiott to wpport a 

panel hearing :in it~.c.riptiori taken c.itht.1- froni the (htty+l~urg -1~t~c.h 

or from some one of thtk iintl~o~t:~J ~i~t~..:t~t~. of th~ \:I\-ior of the I7nion. 

The 1)ortic.o conttwplatrd in thch pltuns. cwn~i.tinp of c*olunln. forty 

feet in height. occwpie. :L .p:ic.c of two hundred :~nd fifty fwt in Itlnpth 

and two hundred and twenty feet it1 width: it i. :ippro~htd by flight.: 

of stair. on thc ea.:t :tnd the west. i. runl~rlli~hed with appropriate 

group. of .c.nlpturtl. and i. .rrr~nountrtl I)! a c.entlwl c.rowninE group 

of ~tntuarj. -It the head of tht. cmd. :it thp eaqtern appro:tch to the 

memorial. it i. propoi;cd to pl:tcc' :i .t:tt t~c of .I l)~xh:~ln Ilincwltt. while 

wrrouncling the nnenwrinl and fnmin~ it are linden tree\. pl:intrc\ 

four row. deep. to form a pcl~.i.tyl(~ of grtvn. from which radiate 

:xrioa. avenntls centeriug upot~ thv nwnnorial itwlf.' - - -- -- 

I ()11 .June 76. 1002 thr Hon-e II~ Rq~rr*entative~ 11ar.eil tlw Senate hill, intr~dwrd 

Mr. C'111lon1. of Illinoi~, a< follonb 

IL 11 v,rrrrt~rl, (I<. .. That the c.l~airulall (11 tht. ('rm1i11ittt.t. on the Lihrar! c~t the 

Smatt., tl~e t-hairumr I ~t the ('(1111111ittrr t 111 the l,iinar\ nt the Hnuhe of Ktyrewntati\+, thr +crt.ta,! ot <tat?, ant1 tl~t. be(-retary of IVar. ancl .IHIIIPC I). R~~hanlso~~, a 

n~el~~lwl t,i tlw Howr of Rey~rrie~rt:~t~\ t-. 1w. an11 thr) :we hr.re.11~. rrratrcl a I 0111- 

mi-ion t(~ wwn. 11lan~ am1 ~lrbign. for a IIIOI~IIIIIC~~ or ~IICIIIO~I~~ ~II thv 111en1or> of

Ahralianl Linu1111. late I're~i~lent of tile I-nite11 State* 

UEC. 2. That thr +unr of $35,000. or .(I 11111cti tl~ereof a- III~\ 1)t~ nett-ary, i* 11erel)y 

~i~~~~rolwiate(l. out of an\ 111one\ 111 the Trwwr\ 110t otht-'r\\ iw aj~propr~atd. t~ I (wr? 

out the 11rnx is~i~nq of thl- ii(.t 

PE~. 3. That the m~rl cwmn-loll -1lall rep~rt tllr re-nlt of tl~nr actlor1 to C'ongresr 

a.. coon x. 11ravtiral1lt. attrr a ~lr~~.ii~u haw 11ern reac.hec1 
THE MEMORIAL HRIDGE, ASALOSTAIl' ISLASD, 

AND THE: X,STIOSAL CEMETERY 

AT AI<LISGTOS. 

S the owa4on of la-ing the cornrXr -tone for the exten-ion 

of the Capitol. on the Fourth of Julj-. 161, L)nniel We11.te1.. 

in the cour-e of an inqm.;.;ioned plea for prt>.;e~~ationf tlie 

Union. which in hi. prophetic. vision qeem~d even then on the \-(ye 

of diwolution. esc.laimed: 
5 6 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLVMBJA. 

Su1)~equentl.v several reports were made on hills to provide for a 

Memorial Bridge. hut the first legislation on the suhject i* found in 

the -undry civil act approved March 3. 1x99. which appropriated 

d.i,oO() "to enable the Chief of Engineer. of the Army to continue 

the examination of the subject and to rnake or secwrc designs, 

calculation.:. and estimates for a Memorial Bridge from the most 

convenient point of the Naval Ohserratory grounds, or adjacent 

thcreto. acroG- the Potonlac River to tht. mo.:t vonrenient point of 

the Arlington e.:tate propert-." 

Acting under the authority ho conferrd, four bridge engineers. 

Me.-r<. L. L. Buck. Killiam H. Burr, Williani R. Hutton. and George 

Rrl,,Pr,,rqlen5Ru,,- S. Morrison, werv invited to prepare plitn.;. These 

mittrd. plan* were su hn~itted to a jui- conipo.:ed of LieutenantColonrl Charles J. Slltw. Major Thonia. W. Synlonh. Captain 1). I). 

Gaillard. of the Corps of Engi~~eerh. and 311.. Stanford White and Mr. 

Jauie. G. Hill. architect.. . who reported in faror of a vonihination of 

the dtb-ign. wlnnitted hy Professor Hurr. The vo-t wa- estinmted at 

$%,t;t;~).Oc)i), and the structure propo-ed m-a- a highly decorated hiidge 

eighty-four feet ir~ width. adaptetl for .tr~et-milway trwks. and fitted 

with a steel ha.:cule draw. These plans were sn1)mitted to C0ngre.s.; 

by the Secretary of War on Al)ril 9. 1900. I~it thu.: far no action upon 

them has been taken.' 

rp to the time thi.: report w:i- huh~nitted no .itucly had heen made for 

the derelopn~ent of the Potomwc Park, anti for thi. reaqon. douhtlcs.:. 

favorable consideration wa- given to hridpe plan.: which contained 

in thenl.:elves feature- unusually elahorate. Thr -tudie- which the Px1.k 

Commi4on ha- made for the iniprown~ent of E'oto~nac. Park, and the 

introduction in the park proper of nieinorial. of the largest type, 

hare led the Commission to revonimend certain n~oditication- in both 

the location and the character of the ,Menlorial Bridge. 

The proposed Lincoln memorial. located on the hank of the Yotomac. 

on the asir of the Capitol and the \1'a.:hington Monument. and occupying an elevation forty feet above the lew1 of the water. make.: a starting point for the bridge that becon~t..: eywcia1l.v conrrnient when this 

rodpoint i. considered a.: the point of divergence and reunion of the 

driveways leading to tht. Itock Creek park ?stem on the northwest 

and the Potomac system on the southeart. Moreover, the estahlish- 

'Hou~e of Representatives Document No. 578, Fifty-sixth Congress, first pewion. 
NO. 50.-PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT OF LINCOLN MEMORIAL SITE. SEEN FROM RIVERSIDE DRIVE 
MEMORIAL BRIDGE, ANALOSTAN ISLAND, NATIONAL CEMETERY. 57 

ment of thi* concourhe allow- the hridp to vro~ the river at thr angle 

mort convenient. taking into consideration hoth the channel of the 

river and the main objective point-the mansion house :it A~.lington. 

Inazmuch as the comparatively flat topograph- of the country make. 

unde.;imltle a high hridge under which re~wl. could pa.,. the decrea.ed 

Lpnctl, of length of hridgcx wquird under the new plau- i+ in 

dralrmbl~. itself H weighty von.ideratio11. At the same time the 

necesbity of placing s draw in the bridge cba11s for such a treatment of 

the .;pan. ah .:hall not result in an apparent weakening of the ytructure 

at it. central and vital point. 

All thehe thing.: chon-idered. the Commi4m recomnierid- that the 

Memorial Bridge proper Iwgin at the propo.:ed Lincoln me~iiorial and 

estrwl to Andortan I*Iand: that the riipport* htl ma.;onry pier- of 

monumental chalxcter: that the span* tw -0 arran,rred :i. to prevent a 

uniform appeal-nnce. the ch:~racter of the draw u.:ed heiny .uch tt. to 

bring ahout thi- ~wult. -lI*o. that a concour.:e wited to rne~norial 

treatnient lw established on Analo*tan I.land. and that the esten-ion 

of the pawtgewa\- from the island to the Yirginia -how be di-tinctly 

subordinate to the lwidgc prope~.. 

The competition alretidy mtmtioned having re.;ulted in the .elrction 

of one of the leadine 1)ridyr Imilder- of the cortnt1.y. it i- not wnsidered necessary to do 111ol.t than to haw the whject ~.e.t~died in the 

light of tht r~cw cw~dition- :tnd to h:~vcb such n~oditic.ation* made in 

thc plan. a* sh:111 :tdapt thcni to the principle. :~how laid down. all of 

which 111:iy Iw nc.co~npli.;hed under the direction of thr Secrctnl:\- of 

JVttr when the nt>cewwy wppl.opriation* .h:tll 1~ made. Such ~noditication- w0111d call for thl' ~'eniov:tI of the cent1.s1 o~.nariicwt:tl towrr.. 

which \vould conflict with the propo.ed Lincoln n~c~i~ori:~l. and n hich 

ar(. not co11sidel.d a- in the~nsrlw- de.:ir:tlde fe:ttul-e. for the central 

portion of :I Ibridye -tructurtl. 

In connection with thv 3Ieuw1.ial Hridpe. the acqui.ition and tlel elopnent of -4naloqtm I4:tnd l)cconle> :in iniportant cwi.idemtion. The 

I)r,rlepment i-land p1'01)er i- ah~t tlighty-eight acre* in estcnt: 

ml~nttln Islnnd. and to thi. .ho~ltl lw added the flat* :it the ea.te1.n 

end. which rnurt be rec.1ainit.d eventually. The ae.tern portion. separated from Georgetown 1))- the narrow chnriel of the rir-er. i- in 

part covered hj- trec. and in palst hy -edge. :tnd water plants. Forniing an inlporhnt and bc:tutiful put of :dl the 1-iew- over the Yoto- 
5 8 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMHIA. 

mac. the i-land should not he permitted to come into diragreeahle 

occupancy. hut at the earlied convenient opportunity it should he 

purchased and clewloped as a river park for the use of that portion of Georgetown which is now entirely without park facilitier. 

1na.niuch as the i4and will Iw crossed by the Memo1.ia1 Bridge. it 

will he acce~rible. :tnd at its pinerent otfered price it nould form a 

very cle.;irat)le and inexpenrive addition to the prk .yrtetn. 

The hroacler and rimpler the treatment of the ))ridge to Arlington, 

the caloser mill be the connection lwtween the reservations now sepAr- r~te~l hy the Potonlac. and the more vital will be the 

linctna. relation hetween the Potomac Park and the Arlington estate. Such a redt hecomes deriral)le in the highest degree 

when one con-iders the immense numbers of people who resort not 

only to Fort Myer, tmt also to tht- Arlington Centeter-. 

The interest excited hy the drill* at the cavalry post. the snperh 

view from the heights. and the feeling.; of patriotim~ awakened 13- the 

vast field of the hero dead. known or unnamed, all call for such a 

t~wtment of the entire reservation as shall not diminish hut rather 

enhance the elTect procluced on the visitor. 

There is nothing that needs propcr supervision and planninr more 

th:m the nlodern cemeter-, for there is certainly nothing that suff'ers 

more from T-idgarit-. ignorance. and pretentiou~ne~r on the one side, 

and grasping unsc~rupulousnes~ on the other: and in.;tead of being a 

place to which one maj- go with rt -entinlent of reqwct and penw. :L+ 

into n church or sacred place. th~ eye and the feeling- are conrt:~ntly 

shocked hy the nionstro~ities whic*h dominate in all modern cemetc.r~es. 

Thew is no clouht that the feeling which pervades the majority of 

people who erect nionaments to their dead i- one of the tendereit: a 

-incere clesirc. to do nothing wen In thc .implest for111 which is not 

titting and in cutire h:iri~ion.v with the feeling thnt prompts tl~c ere(*- 

tion of thc ~nernorials. This feeling, if properly 1)rott~ttd and gii:tt.tlcd. 

n-odd lead to thtb harmon~ou~ and sol~ar t~.r:itmerit so ~rcci-ary for 

~uch places. -1 great cxxniple of thr effect~vcii~s. of surh re*traint 

and guidance i. th~ extr:~odinary dignity. inipresr~veneis. :~nd nollil~tof the Soldier-' Cemetery :it the Sold~er-' Home in this city. and also 

in that part of the Arl~ngton Cemetery set apart for the priwtes and 

unknown dead. Thi. 1s not attained 1)y an?- large monuments. hut by 

the wry sinipl~c~tj- and uniforn~~t- of the whole. 

MEMORIAL BRIDGE, ANALOSTAS ISLAND, NATIONAL CEMETERY. 59 

The trouble i- that the nlajority of monuments nou in thtb cwneterie. :ire produced I)!- tinn- who make it III~IY~J- nhu4ne.;- :~ffail., the 

,.en,cter, greater portion of the111 havinp not the slightest idea 

mmtq. of ~hwt i-good 01 had. and po+e-*ing not e\ en an 

elementary knowledge of :trc.hitec.ture or even good ta-te. To 1w11etly 

thi* it i- absolutely nece--:iry thxt the design- for 1111 the n~onu~nentin all the c.emetilrie-. f~-om the rrro-t modest to the rnoqt c.ost1.v. -hould 

Ire made 11. or suhject to the approval of a ron~n~i-sion conipo-td of 

two or three architert- and ik Iandsc~pe architect of the highr.t pohihle .;tanding. Thv -hould la?- out and dc-ip the wrnet~l% :tnd 

ehtaldish rule. for their prolwr -upervi.;ion. :ind .hould control the 

design- for future n~onu~~~ent- ill the cen~etc.rie- :ilr~:idy eui-ting. 

Sothing could IIP marc in1pre4vc than the rank after rank of 

white .tone-. inco~i~pi~uou- in them-ell t-. c.ovrri~lp the gtwtlc. woocl~d 

-lope-. HII~ p~oduring thtb desired cflecst oi x :I-t :~I.III~ Thr hwltllrr dend. 

in it- last ~wting plwe. Tho-c *px(.e- re-r~*ved for 

hurid- of officer- and their familie*. howri tar.. eshi hit :ill t he hc~terogeneou- for111- m-hi(.h distur11 thow 1e1.y idex- of peac.e and cluit1t 

which ~hould c.haracteriztl :I spot wwd to th~ ttwdr~~x-t ft~t'lin~. of 

the hrrnlnn heart. In prtic-ul:ir. the. no1)lt\ -lop- tontt~d the river 

should 1)t. rigorou-ly protect4 again-t tho inva*ion of Illontullentwhich utterly :innihil:tte thtb -ell-c of t~eaut! and rtlpo-P. Thi- i- trnc 

of the most 11cwutiful -pot- iu the vivinity of \V:~-hinptcm: it -hould 

not ]be tlrf:~c-cd or towhed in any \\:i~. :ind :I I:tu or rule 4ould. at 

once 1)e paw~l forhidding th~ plnring of :in)- n~onun~e~lt on thi. hill. 

THE GROTPIKG OF THE BVTLDISGS OF THE 

EXECUTIVE DEPL4KT31EP\'TS. 
Executive proup. 

War Co1lep.r tuid Enoirwr= Pcahnol. 1-nion Squnre. lh~lr<~~~l Hriilct.. 

NO. 21.-BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF GENERAL PLAN. FROM A POINT TAKEN 4.000 FEET ABOVE THE GOVERNMENT HOSDITAL FOR THE INSANE. 
THE GKOLTING OF THE RI'ILDIXGS OF THE ESECI-7'11-E 

DEPBRTMESTS. 

HE location of the l~uilding* cwnnectecl with the Legislative and 

Judicial Lkp:irtm~nt- of the Gorernuuent having been di5- 

cus*ed in another portion of thi* report. attention .hould be 

given to the hilding* of the Executive L)epartment. Of thew the 

first to he coniidered i* the \Yhite Hou*e. the corner *tone of which 

wa* laid on 0ctot)er 13. 1792. and which \TRQ first occupied h!- Pre*ident and Mrs. John Xda~n* in 1800. The Idding wa* hu~ned 11y the 

Rritihh in lRl4. and both it* c.on*trac.tion and recon-truction were 

*uperintenrled hy it* architect. .Tame* Hohan. 

For a 11um1)er of year* pact the White Hou~e ha* heen orercron-ded 

by rea-on of the rapid increttw in publics Iwsines*. which ha* encrowbed 

seriously upon the private apartment* of the President. The larger 

reception* and other social function* are now .:o inadequately provided 

for a* to cause serious diwmfort* to the ,vut~.:t*. and a c8on*equent lo.:* 

of that order and dignity ur11ic.h *hould characterize them. State 

dinner.: can not he served adequately: and all the condition.: .:urrounding 

the home life of the President are primitive to the Ia*t degree. 

Three niethod* of overconling the pre-ent unfortunate condition< 

have 11ct.11 suggested: Fir.t. the enlarpen~ent of the White Hou-e 1qadditions on the eaqt :tnd we.t of the prewnt building. The plan* and 

model prepared for wch td~rgen~ent prove conclu4vely that the 

historic. White Hoube can not 11e enlarged without de.:troying it.; 

individualit). thus cxwing the lo** of thosr characterihtiv featurp* 

which endear the editice to the American people.' Second. it ha* been 

urged that the Khite Hou.:e 1)e given up tmtirel- to public husine.;q. 

and that a re-idence for the President Ire hilt on one of the commanding hill. overlooking the city. This plan. hon-ever. ha- not a* yet 

1 Celrlvation of the One Hundredth Anni\-e~ary of the Estahlishn~rnt of the Seat 

of C;overn~nnit in the Di~trivt of Columbia. c~oinpiletl by Williani V. C'os; addrew of 

Col. Thec~dore -1. Hinphani, pp. 61-71. 

ti3 
6 4 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

commended itself to popular opinion. The third alternative is that 

the Executire offices be removed from the White House, and that the 

Presidents House (ah the TThite House mab termed officially until about 

1860) he devoted entirely to residence purposes. This latter plan is 

farored 1)y the present Chief Executive: and to the Coniniission it 

seem.; to h~ the best solution of the prohleln possible at this time. 

The location of the building to contain the Executive offices is a 

more difficult matter: hut the Con~niission are of the opinion that 

while temporary quarter- may well he constructed in the grounds 

of the Khite House. a huilding wfficient in size to accommodate those 

ofices may best he located in the center of Lafayette Square. This 

suggestion must he taken in connection with the full development of 

the plan outlined below. 

There is a present and preising need for new buildings for txisting 

Departments. The Department of Justice is without a home. and the 

site selected for a new huilding (a portion of the square opposite the 

Treasury Department) is admitted to he inadequate for the erection 

of a suitable *tructure. The State, War. and Savy Departments, now 

housed in $1 single huilding. are in so crowded a condition that they are 

occupying additional rented quarters. For the sake of convenirncc 

these Department. should he acces-itde to the White House. which is 

their conmion crnter. The proper solution of the proldern of the 

grouping of the Executive Departments undoubtedly is to he found in 

the construction of a series of edifices facing Lafayette Square. thus 

repeating for those Departments the group of buildings for the Legislative and Judicial Dep11rtn1ents planned to the Capitol grounds. 

Certainly both dignity and Ireaut can best he attained h- snch a (ti+- 

pohition of public tditice-. 

The esecation of thi. plan 1na;r he*t begin 1)y ~recting on the entire 

rquare lrounded h- Penn,yl~-ania n1-enue. .Jackson phce. H. and Sevrntrenth streets :I Idding for the n+e of the Ikpartmenh of State and 

of .Juqtice. The quart1 opposite the T~.rasur~- Ihpartment will Ipe 

required hefore inmy years hy the Post-Ofice 1)ep:wtment. now mo.;t 

unworthil- and inadequutelj- houd in roon~s over the local po.;toffice: and 1)y the Ilepartment of Commerce. soon to he created. It is 

quite pos4hle al\o that the Interior Lhpartnient may find it n~o-t convenient to giw up to the growing need* of the Patt~r~t OfTice its present 

noble building. and to come into rlober physical relation,. with the other 
Esecwtiw Departments. 'be Agri(wltul.a1 1)t)partnwnt. hon-cvcbr. 

1)eing the nuclea- of a prrat nu~nber of latwratoric~. requiring :L 111aximum of light md air. 131d! propwly hart' it- new ?~rliIding located. aat present propo>ed. on the groud- ir] the 3I:tlI. r~ow -et :q):irt for 

it- uwc;. 

Such rl group of hniltlinp. with thr Exrcwtivt. oflicw for :I wntrr. 

8.: th~ ('npitol is the c.entc>r of the Leqi-lati\ t. group. will rr-ult in a 

compo-itio~~ ofthe ywatr-t lm-sihlr dignity :ud ilrll~r~hsi\-r~~t~-..~ -- 

1 Sinw tl~ireport war ~nadr tlrr I'rwitlmt ha~ 1~1a1.rtl JIr. 3IvKinl in (.IIWTEC. of the 

reinrtatrnlent of the White Houre; and 1)lanr haw l~en prepared for tlrr c.o~irtrwtion of a tr~uporary ofire building in tlw White Houv gn~nndr 011 the wrrt: and for 

the re~toration of tlw I're~itlw~t's 110n~r in WCII a Illalmt.r ar to irwrearr tht. availalrle 

FI)XCe therein 11y nlmut one-half. 




'i0 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF CC)LtTYRIA. 

dtmw~.ied rent- chwped thr. luilrlirt con1pt111y in c.onsicir~-,ition of the 

relilquish~nrt~t of :i portion of their property to 1)~ used a- the rite of 

a nruniciptil I)uilding. 

In:~decli~ate :isto 4ze. the loration of the *it(. is e-pwiallg adapted 

to th~ end wrlght. C)(~cwpyiug :Ipo4tion 11ljdw1j h~tween the White 

ITousr and tbr Capitol. -itu:itcd at thv poi~~t of conrwpenc.r of wide 

awn nt+. lovated in tht> wry center of Inwine.;- wtirity. placed on a 

lint. with the dipnifitd Inrildiuy of the L)CI)R~~IIIPII~ of the Interior :wd 

of tht. new Cl:lrnegie Lil)~~rj. thy site -t>lected would gi\-1. to the Dihtrict building :ind to tht> ~nllnieil)ality it repl.e.ient. :I di.itinction :iud :l 

dignity :~ll it. 0~11. So other rite mnlld so :lwxrt thtl incli~-icluditj- of 

thtl I)i-t1.ic.t of Columlh. Thi- individuality worlld lw .itill further 

enhanced 1,- grouping within the salrlc prner:il areti othr~. lwildingr 

municipal oi semi-m~uiicipal in (*ht~rac.tt~. In this (vmnection the 

axial rrlation (,xi-tinp 1)etwen the propo*ed site :~nd t!~e pre.ient IOCRtion of the Di.itri(-t court. should tot t)tl o\-erlooktd.' 

The location of the 1)ihtrict l~nilding :it the point named would Iring 

altortt :L much-needed c.h:mpe in rrlarket conditions. -14 at present cwnducted. :t large portion of the narkt tat I)usinrs* is c.ontluctt~1 in public 

thoroughfares. to the inc+on~-t~ni~wt.(' of trawl and to t he dist ar1)ance 

of nlluric-ipxl good order. C'ongrr- h:~\-inp ret:iint.d :III option of purchaqe. the market m:tj we11 be renlot-ecl to :I locwtiol~ ~1st of the present 

one. &ere c.oul(1 hcl pro\-ided a sr~fhient area. ~rithill which trrritory 

thr husine- could 1)e c.ondnvtt4 within thc ~llarket itself without 

enc.~wwhing upon the pul)lic tt~orouphf:~res. This new ~narket *hould 

he con.truc-ted n it11 strtvt- runniny through it. a- is the c.a-tt in the 

ad~llir:~I)I~~ esa~nple- :tt P:iris. 1l11tl:ipcst. and otl~thr citiv- of continentd 

Er~ropt'. 

\I7itllin tlltb -a~nt> gcne~.al area should 1)r constrnctcd an :Inlor>- hnfticient in -izr to ac.c.oirlmoclatc~ thv 1)ripldt> of District n~iliti:~: :lnd 

4nc.e the i11:i11gur:4tio11 ofthe I'rt4dt.11t of tl~r U11itt~1 Sixtt+ i- rtprded 

as :i nnu1ic4pal :md not :I- :I ~lation:il function. tht. :irmot9!- -I~ould Iw of 

ac.h:tr:ic.tt~i* to:~cc.o~l~rllc~d:itr~ the. ~~l:iap~w:il htl.IK~. ,yirt$n in thel'cnsion 

Fhrran. to thtl Ji-t~~rt~at~c~f* of pl~li(~ I)u-ir~t+.. 

AUso the ~~~uc~li-~~et~lt~l IIOW l)olic*t' (wirt. tht> 1)oliw :ind fire hwdqn:~rtc~r-. an twla~y?.rtl crnt~lymc?- ho-pital. :~nd other lik~ divihionq - - -- - - - -- - A A 

' Thr OIIIIII~. pul)lil. l~nil~li~~p~ art of 100'2 locvttrs thc. 11111ni11il)al 1)uiltling on the 

~itr Iwtween Thirtrrn-aiid-a-half a1111 Fourteenth itrertk wuth of I'enr~hylvitnia 

aYrll1lt'. 





$6 PARK STSTEY 011' THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

sontheasterly section, beyond the Anacostia River. consists of a series 

of long connecting ridges. r:tnging from 160 to 300feet in height ahore 

the river. comparatirel- flat on top, hut cut up 1)- small valleys on 

their flank- into innumeral~le projecting points and minor sloping 

ridges. 

The northwestern section is a wore -did muss, rtsing abruptly from 

the Potonwc to :I height of 100 feet or more. hloping up to an eleration of :30() feet within half or three-quarters of a mile and reaching to 

orer 400 fcet in the middle of the area. The ma:- ic difsected. like 

the .inaco.;ti:i ridge*, hy numeroil- steepsided ralleyh. some flowing 

eait into Rock Creek and some houth into the Poton~ac. The steepneqi of the decliritie- and the considerable height of the hill- in both 

of the+ iection- constantly presrnt exten-ire :inJ inq~ressire riews. 

The centr:il hection i- .;nl)divided into :I northern. outw. hilly part, 

~iuiil:~~. to the -ection- a11.ead.v de-crihed. although not so ahrupt in its 

topoyxp11~-. and :I ,couthern or inner part. forming the point 1)etaetw 

the two milin \-alley-. of gently undu1:~ting .;nrfact. :ind occupied by 

the main body of the cit of Wahhington. It was thih inner portion, 

admiral)ly adapted to urhnn derelopinent. that wa- origin:tll!- s-elected 

and laid out a, the Federal cit-. ~ith tln area :I- large a- the arcas of 

den-el?- built Ei~ropean capital- of :I hundred .ears ago. 1)ut quite 

insufficient for :l nod ern city of large population. The three outer 

section- of the di-trict. healthful and char~ning :a- c*ountry. ilrc very 

- ill adapted for oldinary urt)tin occupation. and their use for suc41 purpaws involves many dificult problem- which haw not a11 been -11ccescfully mlved as yet. 

The nlo-t important featare of the Washington climate, so far as it 

affect- the park problem. i- the oppressiw 9urnnler heat which the 

Go\-ernment oficials and employees and other residenth must for the 

most part undergo-a factor which seems to call ctl.ongly for rereral 

palliatireh: the maintenance of shade. the presermtion of Inan>- hilltops 

where hreezes ma? I)e caught, the presermtion of uiany of the deep. 

shady valleys in which the cooler air appears to settle on sunlmer 

afternoon-. and the liberal use of fresh running water all ahout the 

cit~ and it- park-, ~hether in the form of spring- and brooks or of 

fountains and basins. 

If the present diWihution of park land.; within the boundary of the 

old city of Kashinpton i-. ah xe heliere, no more than reasonable, and 

if the distribution of park- in and around the capitals of other great 
nations and our o\\m larfe ('itif+ i. not ~inrt~a.on:~~~Iv. it i. t.vidt'l~t from 

a gl~wt~ :it the ac.c.orq~:i~~ying diapiwn- that a c~)~~sid~r:ii)lc. ilwl.t>:iw in 

Tllr ,lretl tho IIIII~I~IP~ of 1):irk- in th(b outt3r 1):irt of th~ 1)i.trivt 

tlr~nnl pnrkh. i. :iIwlr~tt*l\- rwlui~ite if pro\ i4on i. to t)r 111:ttlr. fol. 

t11r need. of tlw inllr~rdiat(~ futu1-r. It i. trric* tht thta t.t.-iclw~t 1)0p11- 

lation of \\-~shington at thr ~)rw>nt titlw i- ~~liie~h .111aIl~~r th:i11 the 

pop~lhti~n of -11~11 ~~llit~1. a. Londo11 :lnd I'ari., 01. -ncall ;\nlrrica:in 

citith. 11. Sew I-orL :~nd 13o.to11. ~itl~ vl~i(*l~ it. 1)iilk :IIY~:~ i. c~o1111):i1~1 

iu these di:qr:ini-.. Iwt tivcstr in propor.tio11 to it. ~)t~+ettt ~)(~~~i~l:~tioit 

would not cornput. wry f:t\-ol.x1)l! ~ith P:wi- :i. to 1):il.k :irtba: mtl it 

i.; to btl remc~n11)twd. fir.t. thnt IYa-hilrpton i. rro\ritrp PI.! ~xpitll! 

~ith thr yrov-th of tlw natiol~ iu II~III~I~~I~. :III~ ~wocl)t.rity. :i11d. .r(~)11~l, 

that it. park.. likt, it. pu1)lic I)uildiuc-. im. rwt to 11th (~)t~.id~~r~d~ltb~.t*ly 

in ~vft~rewc~ to it. rr.idtant po1)dation. 11ut ill ~.t*l:tti(~t~ to th ~tlilli(m. 

of c.itiztw. fro111 far :ind 1war n ho c.onlc> to 1V:i-hin~ton t~~lw(.ting. :id 

having a ri&t to rsprct. tht hert.. :it thtx +:it of co\e~.nrnc~~~t. tht,y 

&all find 11ot ~l~ei.rlj whit i. c.or~.idt~rrtl ..pootl eltough " in tllt*ir \~-oik- 

&day hon~c vitic-. whrrt. n1o.t of tht~ vitixt~n-' t>ntarq 111u.t ~)cirfot*c~. 11e 

.;pent on ~~oinmtwi:rl .trugplr.. hut the I cr! 11c.t tht i- tcl 1)r had. 

111 c.on.;idcring \~)1:1t nipf fit \\ iwly IIP :idtltd to tht. 11:it-k .! .~CIII. we 

ha\ t1 tot fixed 11pon :in! :i141it1w> 1)1~11)ortio11 to :~rw 01.to t+tin~:ittd 

p~pul:~tion. 1~1t h:i\tl .tblecttd OIII! tho.th 1)l:ic.r. n11ic.h from t11t.i~ 

n:itii~.:il cwndition.. \~ht.thc.t- 1~tv~:iu~t~ of .tt>t.1)11~--. i~l:~w~t+il)ilit!. or 

diffivultit.. of drain:igt.. 01. ~~OIII tll~ir lxw11i:11 :i~d t~\ct.ptio~t:tl n:ttur~I 

hiuty. .rtwtd likt.1~ to 11rinp :I .u~:illt>r rotlirn to tllv (~o~~~l~~ul~i

if 

LIW~ for the o~dit~:wy 111iqx1.1~. of 1)ril :ittb ow1111an(~~- tixi11 if n+vl for 

pwh. 111 order to IMI th :i W)III~ 11:i.i. for 0111. co~~rIi~.iot~-. 11 +> IMI P 

nl:idcl c.ni.tbful 1)t.r.on:il t~x:tn~il~;ition- of ~~irlj :ill 1):lrtc of tl~t' I)i*trivt. 

Thi. t~x:ii~iitl:ition h:i. II~Y'II cuidtd :in(1 -ul)l)lt~ttlt111ttd II! tlw il-tB of the 

tid111i1x1)It~ to~~og~-:~l)I~i~-:il 111x11 of t11v 1)i-trict I~:I~P 11y thv tYo:i-t :ind 

(;rodrtic. >lit.\ c.j . l\Tl~(~~~ 011r ct~~~tb~xl ,YIII(~~~I-~OII- I\ ~1-t~ IY~:~(~II~YI. tlie 

p~~)po.cd tidditiotl. 11 cbrr plotttd 011 tt~ti 111ti1): :i11(1. :~ftt>r (xI.c~uII! COII- 

<idt~rinc tI113it- tyxI:itiot~- to t11t. II~~II\\:IJ t~\ttbn.iol~ .J .tv111 :111d othlr 

p~qw.t~l ilnlr~\ t~ti~c~nt.. T\ tl ,~\;il~iincd tl~~ liw- OII the yt~~tl(l v it11 

I I :in. Ih+ol.c\ c.c~nlirl~ to deti~ritt~ cwlic.lu.ion~. nllcl. il~dvtd. 

throughout our iti~-e.tigntiotl. r c.on.nltrd 1~it11 th I)i.tt-ivt C'ommissionpl.. and tlleit. :r.si.t:illt.. \\ it11 tlicx ottict.~. in c*h:~rgr of the I'c)tom:~c 

Flat,. iu~prorenirnt.. a~~dwith othrrotficial..:ill of n honl \\ err n~o.t cam- . . siderate in giving information al~tl :~d\ I-IIIL' with 11s. 

TREATMEST OF THE MISOK. KESEKVXTIOSS. 

ITHIX the old city limit. no additional .mall re-evvation. are 

needed. but in the ~wnaining four-fifth< of the 1)iqtric.t there 

:we ~)~~ctic.all~- none, a* apainqt 275 in the (*it!-. I)i-trihnted 

with the .;amp wihe foreripht a. wa. -hewn 1)- the founder. of the citJ.,' 

and with equal liberality, there -;hould Iw mme ten or twelw hundred 

in the outlying district. 7Yithont adopt in^ any .uvh :~rhitr:tr?- rule, 

we c-an .a- that con.ide~uMe number. of these minor .pace. ought now 

to he +ccured ~rhile much of the land i- -elling at acw pric-es. Iu lllany 

~awb th~rtl i~ 110 strong prol~ncl of c.hoic.e an-tong .ereml good :urn. in 

one neighborhood. and the final determinntio11 ~uu-t dep~ncl wry 

lslgel- upon the price. at which the sw-era1 prcel. :*re oflered h\- thei~ 

ownc'r.. 

_l.;idc from :r frw p:i~*ti~ula~~Iy agrt~eahle grow.. the point. that :ire 

singled out 1)- naturtil c~ondition. us t..pecially worthy of pre.n.vxtion 

are rnainlj- hilltop- front which esten.iw iew- n1a.1- he oht:~ili~d. 

It so happens that moqt of thew hilltop from thcir conlm:tnding 

positions were occvpied hy fort. d:~ring the civil rrar :I- part of 

thc defenst- of 7Ya-hinpton. thu. adding hi-toricd :i.-ocktio11- to 

the reason.: which would other-i.e .agpest their acqui.ition. -1- the 

*rn:dI area- thus .pecifically ~won~ulended for prcha-tl :ire &on-n on 

map So. T)-28s and are enun~en~ted in dctail in Appendix 1. it will 

wf5c.e to -a!- here that they n~mlht~r 17 and au~o~int toR total area ot 

364 acre.. To these .hould be added :i ~nuch greater nunllwr of 

small piece.. which can he selected Inore rriwlj- 11)- :I hoard anthorized 

to negotiate with the lando~ner- and obtain option-. 

One other point to he horne in mind in choo.;ing thebe re.;erration* is 

that the future will call for schoolhou.e. in all part. of the District. and 

that it will he of the utnloqt value to secure in adrancr well-diqtrihted 

whoolhou,sc~ site. having :idequate area suitalde for playground.. 

S. Rep. 1%-11 79 
80 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMRIA. 

There are within the city 26 squares. c.i~deh. etc.. I)ctween oncb acre 

and 9.7 acres in estent. and 275 i.:tnging from one acre down to 405 

square fret. n~aking :L totd of 301. with a total acreage of 166.93.' 

Mo.;t of the Iargt'r of thew area.; occupy mt4l-chosen and important 

po*ition.; augpested 1)~- the 1:iy of the liind. and the original street systtm of the city was :id:~pttd to them .;o a.; to recwgnize and emphasize 

their inqwrtance, while inost of the snmller are:&.; are pieces left at the 

intewection* of the street.; tllu+detcmninecl. The- are di.;tril)uted quite 

uniformly throughout the original city, lrut prac~ticnll- none h:tw yet 

heen 1vo~-ided for the ~wnnining four-fifth. of tht. District. 

Kith the exception of c)nt.. temporarily fitted for u.r a* :I playgro~ulcl. thaw that haw lwn improved' ht~w lwen tre:~tcd in :tcc.ordance with one general ideal, although eshihiting .onle vtiricxty in 

nrrungrnlrnt and cleadopted ainw to proride :in agreenltle 

appe:uance to passers-1)y.rind shade and 

pleasant su~~oundings for those who 

resort to the squares 

for recreation. To 

thehe end\ they are 

generally 1)lanted 

~ith treeh. turfed, 

Vutrr bawl rit tlrc V111,~ Ned~ti. Houie. more or le~.; deco- 

~xted nit11 shrubs, 

c~u.lh~g or fences, and when of sufIic.ient size provided with paths 

and lwnches. Unfortunately for the gc.ner:tl cffcct, the, hcdptural 

decorations haw seldonl !wen treated :is a ptwt of the design. \put htire 

been inserted as independent objects valued for their historic or memorial qualjties or so~netinies for their indiridual lwauty. rcpirdlcw of the 

efl'ect on their surroundings. 

Treated a* they are, thebe -well-distril)uted areah arc of the utmost -- -- - -- -- -- - 

'-1 detailetl lkt uill be found in Al~pendis (;. Tablee I and 11. ])age lr5:!. 

'About 3.5 per cent of the total ~lumllwr have been "i~nl)rovetl," and 24 Iwr cent 

"partially improved." 


for thtb I:llyt>~. pt1le.s. ~rl~t~tl~c~~. thl> ,sc]~oolI)c,\-~' g:~~rlt~s of t:~g :111t1 I )ria011t31's-1)~s~ :id sc'rul). 01- tl~t' o1y;111iwd g:1111c~< of 1):1sc~l):111 :ind footl~~ll 

lwtwtw ~(~LII:LI' tt~ms. 

1ht t~en withit1 tlw limit2, of JI)OIYI l);i.s>i~.t~.r(~(.~~~~:itio~~ tllt>rt~ mig11t wtkll 

h5 so111~ sl)evi:tliz:itio~~: SOIIIP :irtw. for in~t:111(.1,. :irn~npl :IS .sl~~d>- (YHIcert gro\-t.s. with iittlts 01. 110 turf, for tlw c~olnfo~t:il)I~ :i(-co~lllilo(l:ttio~~ 

of I:t~yb cron-(1s :ti 1)arril c.oncac~rt.s; OIIC 01 111or(> ~,I:IIY>G :irr:\~~gt~il for

night illunrinationa \\-it11 c.l~v-tric. ftrrll~t:~ins. :ind for tlw disphy of tilw 

VOI~ on the ovr:isiot~ of 11:1tio11:iI ~(~lt~1~1~:~ticws: OIIV or marc> s([~:itY+ 

treated with :t scrit~s of I):isill,s for th t1i:pl:i~- of tht. J)rilli:int :I~II:I~~C 
82 PARK HTPTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

flowers: some deroted wpecially to evergreen vi-intcr effect*: and rermany arranged in all their detail- with a T.~PW to giring the masimuu~ 

refrcrhment iu the hot wmmer weather hy mean- of shade well ditrihuted and hy mean- of gubhing. rippling. sparkling, liring wat~rnot in :i -cries of repeated c.ommonp1:tc.e form-, hut infinite in it- r:wi:ition-. md when wid!- u*ed a1w:tys full of :t ucw charm and ref1-t4i1nmt. 

The a~nount in\-ested in the land of the-e qunve* at c.urrt3nt priwamount. to rereral million dolhr*. and to -t>cure a fair ~xte of intwe-t 

in recreative 1-:due require- th~ :tppljcation of a- niuc.11 purpo-eful 

ingenuity and well-trained judgment in de-ign :t~d I~I:LII:~~~~I~PII~ :I- i\ 

needed in the conduct of any Itu*ine.. enterprirr of silnilar 111xgnitwl~.' 

' The t.si*tme parkc are qliown on nlap SO. 1)-2%;. thr propowl adtl~timi~ are 

~1u)n n on mal' -Un. 1)-?Sh; the position. and 1)nundarieq c~i the ~rreral areas tliucue~r(1 In tilib report can lte iollowed ~nwt readil? (111 the ~01nJn11rd 111a11 So 1)-Wl. 


THE L=\R(+EK PAIKKS ASD THEIR C'OSSEC'TIOSS. 

he on ;i Ic~cl n-it11 thcl adjacent 1:inil. ~hic.11 i- likely to lw ocrnpid 
8 4 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLI'MHIA. 

ington. for elsewhere the nlmtting printr land :1nd street* :mx ir11-:1riah1~- :it the higher level. thw necessitating thc tr~insfer of good. 1111 

o~ca-ional ilwlincci :ind a(~o*h the promenade at grade. whereah, in thi.; 

inqt:tnw. nlerchnndi*e catin lw retidily transferred :it any point without 

th~ len.;t interference htnreen husiness and plt'awre. 

This qua- treatment is proposed for the entire stret(+h hetn-em 

Potonlac Park and the Penny-11-ania avenue 1)ridge across Eock Creek, 

a- thta lower portion of the (.re& ih :I 1mrt of the Chwap~alrc nrd Ohio 

Canal, and is as much a part of the commercial water front as the 

KO. 10.-Tgpirnl treatment of I'ntomnc QII:I\'. 

Potomw itself: hut tihove Penns-lr:inia awnut entirtly different condition- prt~ail. nnd :mother trratn~rnt must he adopted. 3Iort~o~-t~r. 

it i. to l~e urld~r.;tood that the accompanying .cction for the quay 

i. merely t!pic+al. :ud \vould I)tl moditied at r:irious point. to ~nwt 

local c.ondition*-at p1ac.e~ I)\- the omission uf the htrt'et on the imlrr 

side of the drive, at place. 1,- different nrntngen~entr of thv I~vi~l+. :it 

plaw-. perhap*. I)? the omission of the inner retaining wall and the 

snh4tution of n J)ank. The precise line. moreover. of the clluly front 

and of the taking line can be fised only after :L detailed .urrcly. with 

.olinding* and fonndt~tion test%: but in the main the project hwi. .et 

forth i. unque.;tionaQ pl.acticahlt~. :in4 would 1)rode :~t 011cv tht' 

i11o.t convenient and the moqt :lg.eeal>le tre:itmcnt for tht. ronnrc*tion 

between the parks and for the comn~t.rc.ial wnter front. 

It would he posqihlt.. if it ,d~oultl ultim:~tr>ly be thought wi-e. to 

continue a similar treatment along the wholr frontagt. of Gcorpetown 

H:irhor, and thus to tirrange n c.orttinnon* driw :ilong thta river fro111 

Potonlac Park pnqt the Aqueduct Bridge and by :t riqing ynidc to the 

upper Poton~ac dri~e, T)ut such :i co~~stni(~tion \~ould 1)r so (-04- 

that it ha* not been wriously contemplated. the more so a* the difficultiei in the way of hnch :u~ undertaking are not likely to increase 

vith the pansage of tinle. 


THE LARGER FARKS AND THEIR CONNECTIONS. 8 5 

So. 1.2.-Typicnl section of Rock Creek Pnrkwny-Altemntirc projrct vith covered chnnnel. 
8 6 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

We may point, out, however. that the park drives and paths under the 

open-ralle!- plan would he separated h- grrtde. like tho~ of the 

Georgetown Harbor qua-, from conflict with the cwmnltw-ial t~~ffic 

of a huhy district: but while the wtivity of the ~r-nter front i. interesting to look dorvn upon. the sights of the inland region ltrtween 

Pennsylvania avenue and Q street are for the nio.;t part n~ert'ljshabby, sordid. and disagreeable. It is therefore a r-el:\- fortunate 

opportunit~ that perinits the seclusion of the parkway ill :i vdlq the 

immediate .;ide< of n-hich can he contl*olled and can he m~dr to limit 

the new to a -elf-cwntained ltwdscapt~. which II~:L!- hr 1)eautiful wen 

though reatrirted. Sort11 of Q street the r:tll~y frec.ornc>* very attractive :tld take.; on wmething of the sy1va11 charwter n-hich it ha.; in its 

upper portion. .I 1w:tnc.h drive shcmlcl lead to Shericlan circlr. and the 

main drive should rise along the easterly side of the ralley so as to 

g6.t :L plunging ~icw :id .o a. to pa* ju-t t111drr ~~R-.Hc.~u*c~~- :(v(wlle, 

permitting ,111 Pa.?- connec.tion n ith it. Fron~ thi- point to the Zoological Ytwk tht~th arc ~ro .;eriouh djfficultic~.;, and the prol~lrni rtducea 

itself to one of cttrefal and judicious dctailtd adjustn~ent of tl~r constmction to thr topography and veget:ttiorl of the valley. 

'The boundarie. .;hewn on the map are determined lwlow Q -trtlet so 

as to include only what i* needed for the proper regrading of thth ralley side* and other essential wnstruction. Above that point they are 

determined partl~ for those reasons. but in place. %o ah to inrludt. -ome 

esceptional1~- fine hillside wood* that now form an important part of 

the ra11e~- landsc~~pe. and if cut down and replaccd 1)- hoa-r. would 

utterly change it- character. In so far a;s it wa. pra(~ticab1t~. without 

essential injury to the parkwa!-. -rrr haw followecl lines :~lre:~dy fixed 

for streets on the highway plan- and elwmhere haw proridrd for new 

bounday- htreet.. 
NO. ~HO.-ROCK CREEK, LOUKING NORTH FROM M STREET BRIDGE, SHOWING L4NDSCAPE VALUE OF THE OPEN WATER SURFACE AND THE 

FOLIAOE OF THE VALLEY, AND INDICATINQ THE DISAGREEABLE CHARACTER OF THE HIGH-LEVEL SURROUNDINGS. 

THE LARGER PARKS AND THEIR CONNECTIONS. 87 

The Zoological P:LI~. 170 acres in extent. lie. alon~ Rock Creck 

ahout 2 miles fro111 it.; mouth and directly northvest from the central 

lmrt of the city. -4lthough regularl- open to thp 

Z1~~locirn1 Park. phlic. a- n place of wereation. the purpose of thr park 
88 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUNBIA. 

Rock Cretbk Pitrk owupies the valle- of the cw~k from the Zoological Park northward to the I)i.:trict line. incl~~cling anarea of 1.605.9 

acre* varying in width from lerh than 300 pards to x Kork (reek Pnrk. little over a mile, with a total length of :ilmut 4 miles. 

The ralley i. crookpd and narrow :ind flanked hy steep. high. and 

thickly woocled hill.. In the .:onthenl portion of the park -ome of 

the hill tops are conlparatiwl~- Ierel. hut with the esveption of the.;(: 

limited plat~arrs and a few nsl-I-ow strips of hottonl land :~lc)ng the 

creek the wholch area i. hill!- in the estreme. Most of the land iq timhered :~nd nruch of the wood i- of cwnriderable age an6 heant-. espe- 

&ll?- in the narrow and gorge-like portion. of the valley. offering 

home very heautiful sylmn wencry. Thi- ha. ~wently 1wtw rnadf. 

accewihle hy a n~ac~adamizecl road. know11 a\ Rewh hi\-e. along the 

creek from thc Zoological Pnrk htllfwa\- to the northeln md. ronnecting with the Military road at that point. and continued by an earth 

road along the remainder of the creek. Thi- road, which n7\-a- very 

skillfully laid out. has hrouyht a large nun~hrr of \-i.ito~.- into the 

valley to enjoy the heauty of it* wener-. and. a* the wad i- of limited 

~idth. there i.: danger that it ma- .eon hcconlt. owrc~rowdrd: if ,so, a 

very seriou. prol~lein in the derelopn~ent of thc park will ~ri-t. at once. 

Sarrow a* the pre+ent road i-, and skillfully a. it wa- \built. there 

are .;el-era1 point- where it ha. wy- appreciahl~ injuwd the 9cenery. 

and to widen it hj any von4dtr:thle aniount wo~~ld hra cxl:uuit\-. 

It i. true that the value of the l~ilrk wwyv dt1l)end. absolutely upon 

making it c.onveniently wee-ihle to the people. but nothing can l,e 

pined if the mesa. of ac.ce.s dwtroy* the welter>- which it i- ntrmt 

to eshihit. and wr believe that a* vide a road a. the futurv population 

i- likely to demand would injure thtl rharac-ter of the 1-:tllcy i~'rrniediahly. Yoqsihly the holution i- to he found in the ultimate vowtruction of another and wider drive. or drives. high enough on the alley 

side. to lare the wild .\-I~RII chara('ter of the stream ttt the lmttonr 

of the gorge ~~ninjl~l*ecI. 1~1t y~t within bight and wnnd of the watrr 

and seeming to 1)e of the valley. Such :i road would tlouhtle- reqt~ire 

11101't priding. would eo-t more. and mould de*troj rw)w tree* and 

more quare yard.: of prettj undergrowth than a road of equal width 

in the bottom of the gorge, hut the damage of the latter would he 

done st the vital +pot. It would he the pound of flesh fro111 ware-t 

the heart. while the forn~er would compa~~ with the amputation of a 

leg. We discus- thi.: point. not t)ecau.e we wi-h to urge thi. par- 
THE LARGER PARKS AND THEIR CONNECTIONS. 8 9 

ticular treatment, hut in order to n~ake clear that the peculiar topopraphy of Rock Creek Park. while giving a great .;hare of l)c:i~~t!-. 

render* ith develop~nent a- the princ.ipal park of a populous city :r 

matter of great perplesitj-. requiring the most careful study. 

-1fter the conlpletion at it. prtwlnt width of the road along the creek. 

we would adri.e mo-t urgently that no further work of cl~relopn~vnt 

be attempted until cm'efnl studie- hare been made for the comprehensire trt>atnlent of the whole park, and, if the park i. to he made availnhle. suvh -tudiw *hould be pronq~tly undertaken. Thi- :tpplie- not 

only to matter- of con.trnction. )but to the treat~~lent of the wg~tation. 

Should certain open :ires. Ibe planted in OI.C~P~ toltlock certrtiu unde- 

-irnl)le outlook.! Should wrtnin other area- non- prowing up with 

younp t1.ee4 1)e (~Icmwl out for the -:ke of the vie^,. or. if not. which 

are the tree. to 1w twcourwged in each jnst:~nce! Hundred- of -urh 

rlut+tion- ought to 1~ a-kcd xntl an-~ered ht4ore the 111ainten:lnc.t. :wci 

iniprovenw~~t of the p14i can 1)e dir~rtrd inteIligent1~- and t~conomic~11!-dly 

towird the he4 fntnrr rtw~lt.. 

-1. a I&.. tht. 1)ound:~r~- -hould \)(. upon .rich a line a. to ptwnit the 

con-trr~cdon of R 1)order -trcvt. which will -cpar:itc the park from the 

adi:~wt~t prope~*ty. mu-ing the neiphlmring I~uilding- to fa(^ 11po11 it. 

nlalirng it ea.ic.1. to polic.e. :ud in pencral adding to it- dignity. Part]\- 

in order to lworidc for l,ou1nda1:\- -trec.t. ou rt1awnahle grade- ant2 

part1~- that tht. c.rt.*t- of th 01 rrlookinp hill- 111:1!- I)e under the cwntrol 

of the park i~uthwitie- -o a- to prwent oI)jection:~~~lr -trncttu'e+ f1.0111 

twing o1)trutled into t hc land-cape. a cvm-itlernhle nrm~k)er of additional 

p~~wh:i-e- :we ~wluiiite. 21% -et forth .criatin~ with ywcific rra-on- in 

.lplwndis I. 'The.e :iddition. a1.e of 1-ar~inp tleplw- of importance. 

but .cver:il of thrm artx nlnrt3 es-entid to the futurr value of the prk 

than wdi:wrnt land dre:idy aiyuired. :ind pro\-i-ion for their plu'cha-.~ 

i. one of thr* 1no.t prc-*iucl. nced- of thc park y-tcm. 
FORT RENO VIEW TCJ THE NORTHEAST, 5HC)WING THC NFCESSITY FOR CONTRULLINO ADJACENT PRlVhTF PROPERTY IF VlFW 15 TU BE 

PRESERVED 
:hly wide view in :t11 direction.. It i. highl~- drsir- Fort Kent, Park. 

able that this sunlmit ht. 1wesel.rcd f ram esc.lr~siw 

~)rivxt(~ ~w(~111):~tion. RII~ we recornme~rd the :~cquirer~~etlt of :t wficient 

arm to yrotcvt the l-ic~r agaitr.:t ol)rtruc.tion 1))- hou-c.* of ordit~:iry 

Iwight on the adjacent sloptl.. -4 c.irclt~ .'.OOO fwt ill di:tliwt~1. 1vo111d 

:itt:titr thi. rud and it.: l~oundary \vonld ptwnit tlw ron.truc~tion of 

:i hordrt street :it good pl.xdr.. -1 .hart link of parkw:?y \vould 

cmtlrtw Fort Mctro :tlotlp the ridge to tlw wr~tll ~itl~ 'I'cnli~y ('ircle 

H 1 
9 2 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

at the junction of Xehlaska avenue and the Tenleytown road. This 

circale is the point of junction with another important line of 

parkway. 

To the west of Rock Creek the only vonsiderahle tmvt of public open 

land is that at the receiuing reservoir. in the extreme corner of the 

District overlooking the gorge of the Yotomac. This has therefore 

been taken as the niain ohjectiw point of the principal parkway on 

the west. which follows ahnost the qhortest line lwtween the two 

restx~.mtiouh. 

The Soapstone Bmnch. which enters Broad R~a11c.h where the latter 

joins Rock Creek, :thout :i mile below the end of Broad Rraucti Parkway, flows through a rather narrow. well-timbered, Soap~tnnr Parkwny. 

:mcl lwnutiful valley. heading in open land near Fort 

Reno and Tt.nleytown. This ralley is crossed hj- Connecticut arenue 

at R, point where it is flanked by two high wooded peaks or knuckles 

KO. 13.-Typical section of one of the Valley Parkwars, such an Piney Branvh. Snapqtone Creek. and 

Georgetown Pnrnrkwt~ys. 

rihing to :LI~ elcmtion of owr 300 fret. Siniply :is :i wwte1.n entrance 

to Hock Check Park from C'onnerticut ar-enne the lower portion of 

this ralley seem- quite e-ential. It is so steep sided that it would 

hr costly of dcrelopnient for lwildinp purposes. while nothing could 

be hetter adapted to use ah a pm-k twtrance. as it aff'ords a11 wsj- grade 

and pleasant wenery within narrow limits. 

The t~o knuckles inmediate1~- west of the avenue ought also to he ' 

prehe~red, on their own accoilnt. as intereqting topographical features 

rising high Jwre the street.;. and afiording to tl1o.e who dl climb 

them cstendd views toward th~ east and toward the Monun~ent. 

A. part of a through parkway. the mlle~- offers an opportonity for 

the drire to pass under Connecticut arenue I\-it11 its hear- and swift 

suhurhan electric car.. and to rise through the opener and lrroader 

str~trh to thv west. rtwching l)j- w slight turn on an eaqy grade one of 
FORT RENU VIEW 10 THt WEST. THE FENCE I5 THE LIMIT OF THE FRESENT PUHLIC OWNERSHIP, 
NO. 185.-THE PUTOMAC ABOVE THE AOUEDllCT BRIDGE, FROM THE LEVEL OF THE PROPOS, =D DRIVE, SHOWING NECESSITY FOR 

---- 

PLlBLlC 

( ONTROL OF THE sLorcs BELOW THE DRIVEWAY. 
THE SECTION RE~T OF KOC'K CREEK. 9 3 

the .;pur.; of the high ridge in which thr western portion of the I)i+ 

trict culminate-. Froln thih point. at a11 ele1-atio11 of 340 fe~t. isto h~ 

obtained another este~~sire eastern view down the ralley and orer Hock 

Cfi1t.k Park to lioldiers' Home. u view that might ~~11 be marked 1):- a 

terrace or c.onc.oi~r-t.. especially as the character of the parkway odd 

change at thi- point from the inforrn:tl type ttppropi+tte in the wooded 

ralle- to a fo~nl;tl arenue acre*+ the high plateau. thv terra(^ thu* 

making a *trong ter~ninu.; for the 1attt.r and twqhasizir~y the clrop into 

the valley. The fonl~al -rc,tion would lw n widening of ymna itreet. 

laid out hut not c~on~t~~uc'trd. 

and would lead directly to a 

circh at the junction of Schraska avenw :tnd \vi.con.;in 

awnue. con~~nonl\- known as 

Tenleg Road. within ".( )( )(I feet 

of the l)ropo4 Fort Keno 

Park. the hipheht point irr the 

District of C'olumhia. 111 (.onnection with ?jrl)r' ~1s -k. n xvcnoe 

extended. a 1)lxnc.h drive on 

ens!- grade- can e:lsiIy he prorided to Fort Reno. thu. ))ringing it within easy rt.ac+h of 

Rock Creek Park and the ?it?-. 

From the Tenley circle. van- 1 

feet bring. the line to b17"" 'lot dl'P1l'SCa 

western escarpment of the narrow platetil~. where the land fall* 1xpidlj- and steadily fro111 its eleration of 410 feet. di.;c.lo.;irtg :l rim 

that sweep due wezt orel. mile after mile of rolling cbonntrj- ia 

Mar~land and acrow the rirer to Yirgini:~. To dewend fro~u thi. 

height it would be pos4hle. hg cutting at the top of the e-varpnwnt 

and filling heal-ilj- ah the hottonl. to avoid escesbive grade-. hut to do 

so would he to ignore the opportunity htw offered 1,- the topopnphic 

conditions. Instead of so doing. me should ad\-ise varryinp thc prkway level out to the very brink. there ending it in a projecting COW 

course cwmmanding in its perfection the wn-et riew. prewvd fr~l 

the intrusion of future hllilding- 1)~ the acquisition of the *lope in 
9 4 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLTTMRIA. 

view helon-: then. turning the road. it can bt. carried down upon x 

wr? pa,)- gmdc ty Iileans of two rererws on the hillside. giving the 

oplxwtilnit- at .ol~~e fut~~re time of developing a ~plendid series of 

twnwe- facing the view and the mile-lonp contin~iation of the parkwq to thr I-twrvoir and the 1)iytrirt line. 

Thcl rweiring ~*eserroir grounds. PHI. 75 avre. in extent. 4tu:lted at 

thcl w('.te~-ly td~c ofthe 1)iqtrict. close to thr Potomttc. Hirer. lie 

partly in the State of Maryland. That portion in 

Itrwlr luc rewr)t)lr. 

the Ihytrict is heavily n-ooded and the ltmd i. of a 

1)a.in-like formtition. So view. of an? inlportance :ire to In. hid fro111 

thi. 1:ind except that portion which tonchp- the p:tlidex of the Potomw. Fro111 thi. portion. hov-ern.. riew. up and down the rirn artb 

to tw hd. ant1 in the re~n:tindt.r tinw and carp will derelop .o111e very 

1)eautifnl wooclland .cewr- to which thr large pond-like re.er\-oil. will 

give pl.e:~t inttre~t. 'This I:md .hoiilcl. thervfore. 1)r treated conxistently with R 1 it'w to it. ~lltit~i:tt(' clt~wlo~~~~t~nt a- :t park. -411 adjacent 

1)loc.k of land, inclnding the 4tt. of Battery Yermont. purcha.;ed 1). 

tht. r)i.;trict for :I girl.' reform ~chool i- no longer rteeded for its original 1)11rp0.t3. and Itlay 1w grouped n-ith the rrccirin~ reservoir for park 

pirpweq. 

At tht, rc~ct~iri~lg-tebtbr~-oir gror~nel, i- reac-hed the gorp of the 

Potom~c. and the 1)opul:ir Conduit road. whic.11 providt.. the only way. 

except hy tl.olley to we the po~ye f~~m :l)ovt~. l'utomur Iklve. A:, it< construction was a nier~ irwident to the iwtallttI-- -- 

So. I-I.-Typical pertinn of Potomnr Drive, n short diptance above Aqoedurt Bridge. 

it. courhe it follow. ne:n the edge of the declivit-. 1)rewnting very 

fine I-iews. and hecause it. g~ades are generally good. it i. more resorted I 

NO. 72.---VIEW FnOM THC TERRACES, ST. OEHMAIN, PARIS. COMPARABLE WITH THE VIEW FROM THE rR0PUSEI) TEIIflACCS NEAR TENNALLY CIRCLE. 

96 PARK S~STRM OF THE D~STRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

just ahout and ht>low the (+reat Falls. Tire Great Falls of the Potomac. 

conwidering their prosi~nity to the capitd. are quite as well worth preservation for their grandenr and naturrtl lwauty as the greater passages 

of sc.enery in the national park.; of the IVeut. Even at present. when 

the only iiwans of approavh is 1)y (-anal or over the hilly detour hwhich the road is rarried around the most interesting swnery, the 

W~hhington phlic- goe.; to thtl (+rtlat E'allh in .;nEcient numbers to 

nlaint:lin the pay tjridge to the islands. erected t)y private enterprise, 

and ~rith in(~w:tsed far:litie.; of ac.c-e\* the plwe is likelx to hecsome 

a drserrcdlj- popular iwort. The fall.; form one of the greatest 

cat~ractc of our -\tlantic water*htd. and while the- thenihelre.; can not 

he injured. yet thc great t~ws that once clothed their hank.; hare been 

cut. and ill yriwtt. hand* the su~.roundings may htx .;o injured s.; to 

detrwt crently f~om the lwantj :md grandeur of the scene. Tithout 

interfei.ing with the future ntilizntion of the water power, the surrounding* of thtb Grt~at Ftdl- on hot11 side?; of the river .hould. in our 

opinion. he vonrcrted into a national park. to tw connected with the 

city 1)- :I continuou. rirw drive. 

The lwaut- of the .cerwr- along the route of thi* p~yosed noble 

river-*id@ iniprorement i.: 40 rtwr and, in the mind.; of the C'ommi.;sioo. 

of so great value not only to all Wahhinpton. hut to all visitor*. American and foreign, that it should lw .;afeguarde(I in ever!- w:iy. . So huildiny slionld 1w allowed Iwtwee~l the drives and the river. and no vhange 

should con~t~ topas- in the c.hawc.ter of the canal that will tend to 

transforni its priiuitire character and quaint haut-. The c.annl ha?; a 

charn~ of it. own. as. half di.;c.losrd and half revealed. it winds among 

the tree-: and not tht. lea4 part of this charn~. ho desir:thlc to be preserwd. is the slow. old-fahhioned movement of tht> boats and of the 

people on and near thi. mcient w~terway. Already the canal is used. 

aside from the navigation of comnierce, hy pleasure seeker.; in canoes. 

and hy excursion partie* in rariou.; craft. More and more will the 

canal be thus uqed as an attractive route kwtmeen the populou.; city 

and the natural charm.; of the pic*turesque region between Cabin John 

Bridge and Great Fall%. The preservation and continuance of the 

canal in its original character will thus add elements of gave@ and life 

to a wene innch to be enjoyed 1)- the passem-hy on the neighboring 

and upper roadwap. Beyond the canal lies an area of lowlands, here 

and there bowlder-strewn and set with clumps of trees. It is now 

available in part for pa.;ture. As a whole it is in keeping with the 

THE SECTION REST OF ROCK CREEK. 97 

unc.ultirattd hilltop of the Yirpini:~ I'alihad~.. i~nd \rou\d I~est 1)r left 

without formal treatment. 

One of the t~oldest of the hill* risi~~g to th(. north of the Potomac. 

Pali*adr* is that occupi~d Fort Kemhlr. 011 :iccount of the extent 

of it* virw to the .;outhward. :wd *till 1110re 011 :t(a~~~~~)t Fort lirmhlr Park. 

of the beautiful \-dley sloping toward thck I'otomar 

over 1~11ic.h thi. view i. to he *em. nr ~.rcornmend the nqni~.cynrnt 

of :L p:~k of abut 174 acres. .erring a. a wathrrn terminu.; of 

Xe1)raska a1 rnur and connrctin~ it 1,- a park dri1 c in the rallr~ with 

the road along thv P:~lisades. The lwundarie. are fisrd rather 

clo.rlr I>!- the need of preservin,rr the vic>vi-* intact and .ecr~ring 

l~order street* on reawnal~le gradt. without ~sce.sivc cut and fill. 

Ch a ~~righl~oring hill. thc~ site of Batter- I'arrott is hut littlc les* 

important :I. R view lwint :lnd local park. It. lw~indaries. incl~~ding 

it11 areit of i11)ollt 1.8.' acre*. are tised Iy the .trrrt* 

Ratf~r) I'ltrlltt. 

of the highway plan and include what i. needful to 

prtw~rt~ the hrst view. 

To bring the upp* Potonl:~c. into direct connection with the ('it!- 

and to 1)rovidr an :~ppro:lch f~~m Georgetow1 to the ZooIogir:~I Park 

(:eoruetown Park- and IZock C'I-erk. :L parkway i. p~.opo*rcl fm11 thr end WHY. of I'oto~uac drive :tt the vallej- of Foundry Ihanch, 

h~lf :imile almve thtb A(lurdilc.t Rridgr. to Rock Creek parkw:iy 

ne:ir ?tlx*sachusett~ :tvt>nucx. 

Thc ridlej- of Foundry I3r:in(*b nlnst 1)e ~pannecl 1)~- n viaduct a little 

north of the p~went clertric r:~ilrra~- tre*tle. :lnd 21. the r:ille!- i* deep. 

narrorr. and picturesque. it \rodd he w~ll to preserve it a4 :t part of the 

p:wkway between the Srw Cut road and the river. From thi. valley the 

line would cwsh the ridge upon the end of which qtand. the (hwrgcto~~~ 

of~\erv:ttor-, and rlw on a direct lint> 1):- easy grade* to the g:1p south of 

the Sam1 0hserv:ttorj-. I11 piw,ing through the land. of (+eorgetow~~ 

College, which arr liktlly to wni;iin alwaj-. :tgreeal)lr xnd park-like. 

the width might Iw e educed to the ~nininlun~ rtyuisitc for a single 

drirr xnd path*. Beyond Sew Cut road th~ i~rntnge~url~t -hould he 

similar to that indicated on the alternatii-tb section for Rock Creek 

parkway on page s5. 

In croesing the ridge at Thirty-fifth street and the Tenleytomn road 

the central drire would be depressed helow the side streets. both for the 

sake of an easF pmdiellt and in order to pass heneath those two busy 

streets. Esxt of thih ridge the taking* should widen out *o Bs to lire- 
9 8 PARK STSTEN OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

serve thr charming valley scenery which extends from this point to 

Rock Creek. Here the parkway would he of the type indicated in 

section on page 86. -1 hranch similttr in treatment should connect 

with the Sar:tl Ol).;erratorj- grounds. 

The houndarie. wrr so fixed a.; to pro\%e for border street< on reasonable grade.. including the best of the vttllej- scenery and permitting 

the construction of :t clrirt'. paths, and no forth. without 

destro~ing it. I~anty: Jn~t. in addition to th+e nhwlute requirements. 

:t prujecting piece of land of albout 13.5 acres i. included in order to 

pl-07-ide a dignified and con\-enient entrance to the park .;pstenl from 

U 5treet. Grorpton.~~. arid at the .ame time to atford :t much-needed 

local park :tnd p1:tyground. 
'l<SIS(; fro111 the westt"lm to thth ('t'~tl'ii1 .wtioti. it i+ of the 

utitio*t importmw to wc11rt> :it1 :iwt~:ilde ldi-lil~(~ ~Y)IIIIPPtion 1)c~twwr Roc+ ('rrvk 1'til.h and Soldirr<' Hoinc a- l)ri~~pinp 

into oryi~~ic. rrliitiott tno of th16 I:t~ye+t :id 111o-t 1w:tntifd p1:ic.t- of 

rrc.rtwtiolr lying within IYVLC'~~ of thtb l)rin(~ipi~l r~-iclt~tlw di-tri('t of the 

cit~ . iillcl c.on.idwtd in 1.e1iitiot1 to thr l)~~)po~td nrn- holding+ +uvh :3 

connrc*tio~l wodd for111 on(. of tht. link- I)ir~dinr tho cba+tc.r~t :~nd the 

n.eqtt.1.n l)i~rk+ into :t coinl)rellc.n~ivt.yutr111. 

Starting from thv J'itiry IZIYLII(~LI (W~I.:III(T of Hovk C'rwk E11.k at Sixtevnth +trret. th~ line would c.olrtinnc. for +onltL di.t>i~wr in the I nlley 

of Piney IZrancli. thw taking ad\-:intiipt. of one, of thtb 1no.t c.ha~minp 

pawtge+ of nittrrml ~xllej- .c~.ttc~q irl ttw 1)i.tric.t. Thi- Itvtd. to the 

ground+ of the 31unicipiil Ho-pit:d. \\ hicall 11 ill :11\w? + n~xinttii~~ed 

ill ii p~.li-likt. and attracti\ t. fa.hion. Hi-inp fro111 thv rtillry I)? :ln 

ea.?. g1dr :11ong thv .outht~ly .idtb of tht' hoqital pound.. wI1ic.h th~ 

parli\\-:i! t:ikirig. would rouwl out and con~plt.tt.. tllt. 1~outt1 would rntcr 

:I forni:iI plitza to ire c.rrxted at thv St>\-rnth <trtvt r~~trnr~ce to tbe 

hoqpital. where thrrr will 1)e 11 c.on\-rrge~rc.t~ of qtreet-. :icwrding to the 

adopted highway plan. from eight diff erent di~whtion.. Betn-ern thi.; 

point and the Soldiw.' IIori~r it n-ould 1)r w*j- to forli~. 1)y widening 

Sarrtnnah htreet, :i magniticent fornlal 1)oult~vai~l &.(I( N I fret in Itwgth. 

terminakd on the ~wst 1)y the ncw hoyital I)uildinp and on the east 

hy the Soldiers' Home itself. While the prwent l)uildirlp+ of the 

latter do not lip exactly on the itxi. of S:ir-.nnn:~h utrert. the projected 

neK lwildinp. if placed yo :L. to rornplete thv quadranp1t. a1rc.ad.v partially formed. vonld come prec.i.ely at thc he:d of tht. 1)ropowd ))odevard, forming. with the hohpitd. a compo+ition of great dignity. 

Swinging around the new 1)~lilding of the Soldipr\' Hoirie to the 

north, the cwntinuation of the pnrkwt~j- would paw south of the two 

+ Rep. KC-1.1 W 
100 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF C'OLLTMRIA. 
PLAN SHOWING PROPOSED 

3AVANhrAH PARKbTAY, 

A PORTION aF THE PROPOSED PARK 

MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL AND SOLD1 ER5 

100 3 500 1000 

SCALE IN FEET 

IM15510N ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE PARK SYSTEM 

SYSTEM 

HOME 

FORMING T 

BETWEEN 

DANIEL q BURNHAM, CHICAGO AGUSTUS ST GAUDENS, NEW VORK 

CHARLES F WCKlW , NEW VOUK FREDERICK LAW OLMSTED,JR., BROOKLIUE 

WOV. 1901 

\ 

MUNICIPAL 

HC'SPI TAL 

GROUNDS 

L 

RICHMOND C STREET 
THB SECTION EAHT OF ROCK CREEK. 101 

of the polivy whi& has \)ern wisely followed in the past of vonc.rllltmting the l)uildinzq :it :L limited nu~iil~t~r of point>. and of kerpiny 

the greater part of the l:t~tdsc*npe perfectly siuiple and not diitnrkl 

reservoir (.:LI) Iw ~natlc titi inll~o~.t:itlt wlqdt~~l~twt to the park s>-~it'tll. 

1)ropowd iidtlition would lw :il)out X :I(w+ ill rxtwt. Tlw 1n1n.h~-e 

of :tnotht.r t)loc.k of I:~nd :111out ;-MI fwt .clti:irtb wodd 11t. dt4xl)le. 

thcl Soldicr3' I-Io~ut) g~vund.. IIon.:i~.d Park h:t. :L heautifril ~.~.oi-t> 

of I:II~P oak tree.. :id if thu. ronnrc~ttd :u~d if pro\-idrtl n ith a - 

widw cntr:tnc.e froln the ~~ciphlmring- Sewnth -trt~t. would 110t 0111.1- 

Iw mow :ic.c.c41de :i11(1 ii.~ful ill it-t>lf. 1~1t \1-0111(1 foml prt of :i 

f rot11 Jlic41ipn :I\-enuc ton :ird F,c-kington. Thi- nlErkfnct~tn l'urkna). 

ley. IIOK (~o..ed tIi:igx~t~:tlly I\?- I,int*ol~i :t\ enut'. ii 

chnrruingly wood~d for :i di*t:twt~ of half :i wilt,. :iwl it -1lonltl Ite 

houlldary ,strcyt,. shoultl IN. so :idjustecl to thc itirfac.t\ :I- not to III:II~ 

the ~idth would tw som~what reduced and n fornlnl :~rrnnpr~ntwt 

~ouild he adopted. ~lthouph following curj-pd line.; in order to avoid 
102 PARK STRTEN OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

abrupt angle.; and in order to wcnre good grades without great 

expense for c*onstruction. The Netropolitan IZranch Railroad mould 

be c.rossrd 1)- an 01-erhead bridge and the parliwt~?- n-ould join the 

wooded portion of the Patterson property at a high level, so that 

thtl continuation of the drirv through the park ~oocls ~ould not he 

conlplicnted 1)y the nrn- location of the Baltimore and Ohio tracks, 

whi(*li .;ho11ld l)a+ under thi* prt of the. park I)!- a bhort tunnel. 

dhout a inile and n quartrr northwst of thc Capitol, just lwyond 

Florida arenue and wrst of the large travt of finely 

I'atterrun 1'nrk. 

IT-oocled land occupied I)!- the C'olumhia Inditution for 

Deaf and Duml), is a. beautiful piece of 1:und. forn~rrl!- rh(> Patterson 

Vista, Yilln Albnni. Rome. 

the ntn~oat value to the future 1)opul:ltion of the sm.~.c)undir~g region. 

The grow ahout the old nlnnsion and to the north of it would he 

hardly less I-alualrle, for it i. of such n chaixcter and upon sucbh 

comparatirel?- gentlcl ?ilopt.s :i- to :ld:tpt it to ustx 1)y large nmnhers 

of people better than any othc~ large piect' of woodland available 

for prk purposes. 

The wooded portion is crossed the line fixed act of Congress 

for the Raltiruorr :id Ohio tracks. which ~~ould here he 55 feet below 
THE SECTION EAST OF ROCK CREEK. 103 

grade. and it i. \-el:\- desirable. if the region i. to t-jecon~t. a park. that 

the hill should t)e tunnrled rather thm gahhed l)y a width. open rut. 

Parallel to the track and ahout 200 feet from it i. tho linr of Scw 

york avenue, a- i;hown on the hiphwa7-exten-ion p1an.. If the tr:tck. 

are placed in a tunnel the nvenut3 might he direrted .li,rrhtly to the 

north around the hill and made the limit of the park. or it might he 

carried straight through a* :i traffic htreet ])elow g~.atlt. in a cwulparatirely narrow cut cros.ed 1)y thv 11:tl.k drive- and path. U~IOII tnasottry 

archeh. a* i. done ill the caw of the tr:un.;\ rrw *trert. in C'cntlxl Park. 

sew Tork. 

In tht. developli~ent of the Patterwn propt~ty :i- :I public p:lrk the 

fir.;t aim.: .:hould 1~ to keep the oprn nicwlo\v :~nd hillsidth 1a11d.cape 

sinlple and undi\tu~.t)ed. to pl*rser\-tl the channing f r:i111~> of wood. upon 

the east and north. to create. by planting. a .:imilar 111argi11 on the we.t 

and 3011th. :ind to ~~~~~~~~e the h-Ivan (htravter of thr w.:t of thrrstate. 

hut would hr well to set apart. in thtb grow iind in the margin of the 

open. certain limitrd llrtl:l- for popular :tllluwllent- other than 111el~ 

enjoynient of went.1-y. It might be well to c.on\-tbrt thr inter~stin~ old 

nian.ion illto R -art of va.;ilro for tht. +:LIP of ~*t~fiv.h~~~ent~ and for 

other prlldic u.es. 

Ketwwn thc Ptttterwn p~.olwrty and ;\lor~nt M:i~nilltolt thert. :iw 110 

naturd fe:lture. of ii~tlch attr:wtivent-s and a fo~m~:rl type of 1):irkw:iy 

HRIIIIIt,,I, ~vo~~ld \re~~l to 111eet tlw ~.e(luirr~l~twt of the case. 

Partnu). Two IY)II~W art1 ol~n-to the nol*tll or to the .outh of 

Mount Oli\-rt C'enlett~rj- - Either would lw vorlvrnirnt :~nd ngret~al~le. 

but on thth \~hrlt> th:tt to the north .eelil. the Iwtter. c.hit.fly t)twi~ict> 

of eahiei. g~':~de. in pa-41lg tht~ I):iw of JIourtt II:inliltol~ :i~ld (.ontinuing on to -I~l:tco.:ti:r 1';tl.k. Htbrc :ig:iirl c.on.ider:ttion- of I:lnd 

co-t RI a~vertninetl negotiation. with thv onnt,r. .ho~rld 1:trgt'ly 

influence the finrrl *election of ~vutt.. 

JIount Hamilton. ow of the highwt hill. let\rt~tw the .i~l:r(wti:i and 

Rock Crtvk, r1.e. aI)ov~ the gt'ut~rtil Irvrl :t. a .ttvsp. i.ol:ttrd .umnlit. 

Wnunt Hnn,llt,,n ~.eac.hing all vlrv:ttion of 225 fcct. :it $1 p~nt just c'a.t 

Park. of the HI:tdrn.l~i~rg road :ind :il)out thret--qr~arter\ of 

a mile wwt of the -1n:wo.tia fl:it.. o\.er whir11 it c.o~nrnand. very 

extenhi\-e project.. In other di~wtion*. :il.o. thr view. :iw rrln:t~.kah1~- good. e.;lwciaIIy arro.. thtx city in thv diwction of the C'rtpitol. to 

which it is nexrer than any other hill of suc.11 co114deratde height. It 

in correspondinglj- cc)nrplcuou. in the view. from :i large part of the 
104 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLI'MBIA. 

Piytrict. It i. heavily timht~red with a growth quite typical of 

Southern morl~~tain scenery. which givr. it. togetter with its wry 

steep ilope.. a dirti11c.t c-haracter. to t~t. found io perfectly nowhere 

e1.e in the Diqtrict. 

In additiou to thew rtXa.on. for 1)reserving it a- n park. the cort of 

g~ading ~treflt- :wd cutting thc land down to a level practicahh. for 

ordinary use. woultl 11~ very wcfhs.iv~. 111 other words, the 1d:ic.e is 

admirably adapted for park purpo.t+ and very ill ad:tpted for :in!-- 

thing e1.e. The :irwi n hich it i. p~-opo.ed to take i. ir~dic&xl on map 

So. D-2%. :tnd nniount~ to ahout 11)) :tc.re.;. Thtb I)ound:irie. shown 

:tre ad:tpted fur the von.truction vf rtlwtc on good gr:tdrs. 

In the dc~elopn~ent of Jlount Handto11 the leading ~ntotirr hhould 1)e 

to pre.erv~ and :ic~~ntuate it- pcculitwly n1ountiii11-lilw c.hal.actclr of 

vegetation and +urfnce. tind to that end path* ttnd other :u.titici;il con- 

.trwtion. hhould IIV I-edliced to the minimum cwnp:ttiI)Ir with it. (.onvenient ure 1)- thr. putdic. It nil1 proh:~l)Iy IN. dc.irnl~le. hon-rwr. to 

huild a single drive on n good grade. n-incling it\ way thl~ough the 

wood. to a concourse :it the .nmmit. whe~~ :i singlr white n~art~le 

pavilion might IIC. erected to -erw :I. :I .heltrr :d to :icwmtuattb the 

peak a* wen from :I di.tance. 

-1 -11ort link of il~forn~al 1~:~ih~iy .hould Iw provided to connwt 

Mount Haniilton P:irk ~ith the area to Iw rrcl:~i~~~td :ilo~lg the 1)anks 

of the ,knaco+tia River. 

THE AS-4COSTIA WA4TEK PARK. 
106 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

Plan* and t&mates for the intproren~ent of the river. with a riew 

to c.ommerc+d orcnpallcy l~elon- Rennings Bridge, were prepiirrd t)y 

C'olonrl -Illen iind sulmlittecl to C'ongre.ss in lS>+R. For the portion 

above Ilenninp Bridge the time and the al)propri:~tion did not sufice 

for coml)lt.t~ wrwp and estimate-. and the> poh.:il~ility that thi- revtion wcrr~ltl ewr ?)tx wed for c.ornmerc.i:ll frontage, ewrl if inlprorrd, 

was thought to l)t3 so .slight as not to he worth ronsiderinp. Thc pl:ins 

ronten1pl:ited thtk dredging of an :declu:ite channel id the fillin? of 

thc renlain~ng flats :~nd lo^ land to :L level :~11ovth thtb higheht frr-hct.:. 

14 feet al~o~e low water. ,111 a1tern:itivr lmn-icted for filling to :I lwel 

nie~*rl\- :~horr ordinary high ti& and for c~sclndin~ the highrr flood.: 

I- 1. In thr. uppt~ wction. ~l)ovt~ Ihninp Bridgt'. it 4ntil~r 

trratment \\-a- propowd. hr~t with the channel widened into tidal 

Il~hill.. the +horr.: of whivh we to 11tl parked. A. to thi. .t.ction the 

IT~OI-~ cljd not go into detail. 

Coming to the .:tudj- of the prol~lenl f rot11 :I difftmwt 1)oint of view. 

with thc henefit of C'o1onc.l Allen'. inwdigatio~~. v ta haw clt~vid :t 

.li&t ~noditi~ation of hisprojrct n-hirh .rcw.to haw w-t>r:~l :~d\-:untiig~.. 

For tht. c.onnnr~~c~i:~l .:wtion of tht> riwr \w +honld :vlopt Colonel 

Allen'- 1)rojec.t l)odily, t.sc.ept for rerti~in po.:.:il)lv rll:t~~ces inthe 

lines of thv channel to mwt altered conditions. :lnd to throw 11101~ of 

the I 1 1 be v:Ill asinton 1. Brit for tile twitIIIPII~ :111ovt\ the c.omn~erci:il ch:innel. in tlw P:LI~ .:wtion. it i.: nwe~.ary 

to give :I -t~l>i~~~tt~ csplanation. Pending a ppn1)lir disru.sioll of the 

-111)jcc.t. nt. haw :~..:un~rd the line of Xla.:s:~c.hu.:ett~ avcwllp :I. tlrt. 

uppe~ limit of coni~nercial drvelopu~t.~lt. C'oming at :d~noht the mne 

point :I+ th~ I'vt~~~\yl~at~iii Ralrwd l~riclgtx. its (11xn wodd lw t11e 

fourth in the way of river traffic. i111d the dr\-clolmcwt crf thr less 

rt.strictetl rivrr 1)rlow the two 1)riclge. would incrca*r tlw water 

front of the (.it\ 1p.v 143 per cent: or. if the -111:icosta .:ide Iw invluded, 

11.v :30l 11~1. wn-e11ouph to providtb for any 1)1~oJ)a1)Ie dt~wlop~ncnt 

without furth~rstrnsion. 

The prinril~le of treatment. howerer. which we propo.:e for thv purk 

.ertio~~ ren~ttins thr wmtl whether the section t~egins at Marsavhu~ctts 

:I\-mue or :it Rennings Bridge. That princ.iplt> i. to chsc.lude the Potomar flood. hy a dam at th~ head of the rommercial channel. thu. itvoiding the ~vxessity for laisinc the lm-g~ itrm of meadows now snbjrct to 

octasio~lal overflow. 

The prophed dm1 would have a per~nanent sill either at half tide 

11.b!). wn~pletrly rsc.lutlit~c tht. l'oto~~~tic. Rood. flw~ thtb _h:ir04:t 

h4n. 

'I'htl \~:iterhhd of tl~c -1n:ic.o.ti:i itht'lf i. -0 c.o~n~,:~r:iti\-t~l~ .111:i11 

that it* ontf on- cwdd nc+c.im~ul:ttt. lwhind the dam for ~t~v1':il (1:~) * 

during -11c.11 tlootl. n-itho~tt 1.xi411g the Irvrl of thtb 1)ondtd witel. 

enongh to give troui)lt.. 

Hetween the dtm and the L)ihtrict lint1 prm+ticaII> :ill the fats IIOV 

covered at ordinary high water \vould IN. drrdptd out to :i tltyth of 12 

feet, providing :i prwt hasin or herie- of l):tsin* of dcty c.1ea11 natrr. the 

dredged material going to supply tht. :idditio~~:il filling uerded on the 

comnierc*ial .;ection. Su~h f~xpmtwt- of flat. a* were IIO~ thu. tlac.rt- 
108 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLVMHIA. 

~-att~l wo111d lie raised filling ithore ordinurj- high-water nark. hut the 

greatt~ part of tht. ~iieadon-s. with their nurnrroa. and l~eautifnl clumps 

of trt~s. \roulcl not be raiqed. thuh :tvoiding al)out .iOO.cI()() cuhic yards of 

filling and pre.sen-ing :l great deal of charming natural scenery. If the 

sunimer flow of the Anac.o+ti:t prove.: up011 (.loser inr-estigation dicient to rt$enihh and rentw the water of these bahin.. the tide wonld 

he cwduded completely:' 1~1t. if not. the half-tide clam would 1)e adopted 

and the water would 11e refreshed hy the rc@wr ehh and flow. With 

a cwnstmt water level. or with :I tidal riw and fall of only :I foot itnd it 

half. the shores conld IF treated with a natural looki~~g gr:~veI 1)cwc.h 

or 10x1 +tone shore in place of a .:ea w:dl showing more than 12 fret 

high aim-e the ordi11tu.y water Iel el. such :L- would c-all~d for if the 

floodh are not excluded 1)y it dim. Slwh x wall. dignified and eflectire 

in :I forlnal urban en~l)anlment. n ould not only he twliouh and dre:~qin alytbariiuct~ :ihout n ~:II-k lake h:tring i miles of short,, Imt mould 

add enorino114y to thr ro.t of c.onstruc0tion. 

The ~wult of the proposed treatment would l)e :I peat lake. deep 

enough to 1)e c.leiln and frre fro111 1 cgetation. 1.efre.hrc1 t)y :I .:afiricwt 

flon of n-atrr. kept fret> from no-quitoes and ~lialariit ]by it- depth. bp 

the ullolt,tructed sweep of the wind. itnd 1)y it+ clean +hortl,. and .urrounded I)!- 11atur:tl 1ne:ldow- and grow- that netd only to lto wltimttd and protecttd f10111 i~~ulld~tion to 1)ec0111e :I (~Iiarn~ing prk. The 

lakc \ronld providr opportunities for Iwating. -rlr.li a+ :ire t~g~1.1- 

srimd upon where they exist near other greitt citie-. and the nieadows. 

13esidrs their landscapt. /beauty. ~oultl proride the h.:t of plaj-inp field-. 

To protect and inclo.:e thib Iand~cape and to give point- f~~m which it 

couid tw adeqnxtely co1111na11ded. KC should pr~~pow t(~ in(*lude tht~ f:iws 

and c.re.;t+ of some of the Iwrdpring hill. on the IVashingtctn 4de. one 

of v-hirh i- zilready owned I)!- the 1)i~;trict Keforni S(aho01. n-hile :I large 

part of the mar<h 1:md i* c-laimed 1, the Government. The total :iwa 

of thr proposed park i* 1.143 acrt3+. of which .i:-',.i ~voulti tw oc~upied 

1)y n-nter. The proposed houndarieh. which :ire indicated on the map 

to fiw pge -. are suc.11 ah to permit th~ conhtruction of border streets. 

and. in fact. c.oinridt> for the most prt with the line- of street- alrtwljlaid down upon the highmnj- estensio~~ 1hn. In ttddition to the 11order 

strec.t+. there would 1,e :I main drive within the park on ewh side of the 

water. gentral1~- near the hoandar-. in order to leaye the caentrttl area 

urmhstrr~c~tecl. and in order to keep upon higher ground overlooking -- 

I See report of Colonel Allen with references to preriour; reports. 
THE ANACOSTIA WATER I'ARK. 1 U!) 

oc.cupied the hiphn .ut11111it. in th~ northt~tr part of thv c.entri\l -wtiort. 

cstrr~tlit~p fron~ Fort 5tr1wr.. war Kocok ('rwk Park. to Fort ?'ha!-er. 

well worth :irquirrn~~nt ii* f rrtrirv 1oc.wI park.. itt :iddition tc, :~ny (.1:1itn 

the I hitrial 11 ilit~r- itrt I a011 T~IC lwun(lari~.. 

c.har.nc.trr of thta \-ie\~\-r fron~ c:i& fort and thr possibility :~nd imporTo connrc.t tile -erir. :rd~-:~t~tagc i- t:ikett of tlw .tretlt hid out for 

Kith the forts intlic~atetl OII the t~~:il)-Stt~t~n.. Totten. Slrwmer. 

hnkt11. Hill. :ind TI~i~y~~r--:ind with.II(~I otl~thr .111:i1l ptk- :trid \-i~w 

unnrk.: the point- of 111o.t cvt~~~r~anding ritv. \\'ith tht. .\niwo.ti:i :id 
11 8 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLTTMHIA. 

of the broad view. to II~ had in the Jl)i.;tric.t. Forts J1:than. Chaplin, 

Sedgn-ick, l)u Pont. I)%{-i.;. 13akrr. Stanton, Grchle, :\id 13atter.v Ricketts ran 11e linked together readily by nle:tn\ of the peri~xuwr~t \ys.tcn~ 

of highway+ with :t fen- modifications and .~II~P wjd~niug into a drive 

comparahlc in beauty njth tht along th~ Potoinar P:llisadr.;. but 

utterly different in cha~~t~r. 

In ronnection with thi- hill-ere4 circuit. starting fronl the 11ort11- 

eastern md of Xnacoqtia Park and retnrning to th~ -horr of the f'otomac at the southern coniel- of the District, it is. i~nportmt to +cure 

fonr ot11r.r mw.; of con-itlelnt)lt~ cstent in the e:t>ter~~ .;ec.tion. 


I14 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COL~MHIA. 

all :dong to the 1o~l:~nd along the Potonlac. The 

f;lrctmro Parkwit). view- fro111 thi* ridgc art1 -o rt~n~:trk~hly fine, and the 

1nuc.h to hr de41 cd. 

It hhonld prot-idtbat 

tht. edpr of the narrow p1:lte:lU :l .trect 

for honsv f ron tage, 

together with :I 

park dri7-c and 

path* c.omm:ulding 

the riew, and it 

should inclndt. tlle 

wbolc -1opt' l)thlou-, 

in order to wntrol 

tht. outlook I,\- lxerenting the ~rection of ol)\t~-uctiw 

hnildi~~g. and the too c-ontinnou- growth of tall tree-. The Iwnndarie- &on-n on map So. L)-"h$ not only 1)rovidc for the*r rcquiremerits. hut inc.lttdt. it verj- he:rntiful oak grow apon the ~I:L~PRII, 

on land otherwiw :I- wt.ll adapted for building :t* for prk purl)o*e.;. 

At the +ontht~nl end :L mdl portion of the land recently acyuirrtl for 

the alniqhon-e hhotdd he tran-ferred to the p~rkw:ly. to provide for a 

connection betwern the ridge and the *how of the Poto~nac. 
NO. 171.-NANlES. PLACE UF THC DUCHCSS ANNE, SHCOWINlI QUAYS AN0 COMrl?EHLNSIVL lIiLA1 MLNT OF ArPlllIAl'H 

TO BRIDOE. 
tii r- 11 it I 

onnw.t~il). ltut tllv portion in 

front of th(, (+ov1~11111fwt ho.;- 

pita1 41oultl Iw arltl(d to thcb 

gi.ou11t1- of th:~t ill-titutiw. 

\Vh:it~v(b~. di*po.ition III:I~ 11v 

III:I~~ of th ~wliii~i~td hnd. 

honc~vvr. tliv r~lll~:lnknrt~r~t itwlf :i~itl it* ir~~~r~tdiat~~ ~lli~rgitl 

-hiid 1wii1i11 IIIIC~I>I. 1ml)lic 

c.011 trol. 'I'IlV filllll l'lla~':l(.tf~l' of

(-onditi~~n-hi1.11 :IIY to -111.ro111~1 it. Iwt it i- 11ot 1111lili('1~ tl~tllt, 

:i~~~xt~y~~~i~ent 1)1~0powl for Georgeton-11 1hrI~)r (1):igt. b4). with 

:I (Y)IIIIII(TI+I~ 1111i1~ :II~ :I st'pn~tv high 111\-('1 dri\ ts :III(~ ~~*P~:LII:I~c. 

11 ill ~)IY)\-P dt4r:tl~lc ill thr futurv here. 

the l\7a4~i~~gton +id13 of the A\~~ii(.o\ti:~ Ri\-~>r it ih tvl11:111~- 

important that th~wl.tri:ilrent 11ul11ic ~WII~IYI~ of tht. \\~tt.r 

front .hould 11e IIM~I~ ii 11tt1-t of thv c.hanl~el ~I~I~II.OT~~I~I~.II~ :\II~ 

the dcy4aioll of tilt> c~~urt.. +I tlt~c.i-iorl ul)on tlics ~irrthcd of i~nl~ro\-c,- 

parkway c.ollr~rv.tioll II~~~T\.IYII the‘ .-\nacoh:t *rc+tiol~ of thr> IX-tr.ic.t :ind 

Poto1n:ic. Y:t~k. :iptin-t whit-11 tht, \\':t.hingto~~ twl~nnlrn~r~nt n ould 

iil~ovr ordil~riry \v:ttcl. Ir~c~l. Iuit it i.: .:rlI~lw~-ytd :~t time> of tlootl. - - - - - - - - ~- ------- ~ 

'Tllc* Set-retfiry (ti War II;I& C;IIIW~ 1~~2119 11-1 In, ]rt,])arw] f11r a11 arniy war 1.11iki?t. 

fi11f1 a11 (~11gi11tw l~wt m111 vngi~~tvr wt14~)1 ,~i fipjdivatio~~. allto iw It~[.att~l :it tllv 

IVaShington Ihr~~rk~. >it ~IIV jtl~teati~m id tlw I'(I~OIII:IC :m(l .It~;icw~i:t rivt,r* a1111 l~~~r- 

~l~ring on tlrr \V:tr.hington c.1rallnt.l. The IY~I~~~III~~I~~wI vx~w~~lit~~re i~tr tlw wr 

college IS %40O,(MIO. a11(1 for t11v engintvr lwt an(1 w11ooI 11i :i]~ldit-:~tit~~~ W;(~.OOO. 

(See I-louw Doc.. So. MI, Fifty-~rwnt11 ('I tngrew. first ~twion. 1 

11; 
118 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

:~nd the engineer'. plan. contemplate additiond filling. The greater 

part of thc park is surro~xnded fly n low .tone wall. the primary 

o1)jec.t of which is to retain thr mud dredged from the channel. 

Thi- give. the short. a rather forn~nl appearance. eniphtt4zed 1)~- 

row-- of popl:lr and willow trees. pl:mted to bind the earth together. 

1)rvd~ing operation- :rrv .till c:~rried on. tlnd material i. lwing 

clrpo-itd on the p:uk area. 

Thr fo~-ni and sitt~atio~i of the land wggeit at once the landwape of 

nnt~uxl rirrr 1)ottonl.-a suggestion that c:tn hardly t)t~ inym~ed upon 

:I. :i pnidr ill the dw-elopntent of the Of the many type. of 

rirer-l~otto~n wenery. the one which seem. htwt adapted to thtb condition- i- that of great. open n~t~:~do\n. fringed ]I\- trers along th~ water 

side and clii-(wified hy oc.c:i.ion:d o11tqt:tnding nia..;es anif hglt. trees 

serving to focu. the mendou- ::\rea into :L vrirs of cwnnecti~~g canposition- without conqdetely o11.criring it. extent. 011 account of thr 

vivn of thr water 2nd the -n-eep of l)rt>eze* through the Poto~na(. 

T-nlley. the plt.usanttwt ljortion of the park i. lwund to hr the strip 

dong the river side. Hrrr .hould he mrrird the princip:d driw and 

path-. ~.tulninp ~11no.t continu:dIy within :i long and narrow grow of 

tall--trmnletl riwr trees. w11ic.h will afford -h:tde without .c.rio~~.ly 

011-trncting the .runlller 11rwzr. whivh i. said to 1)low here with Inore 

f rt~qncn<*y than nt any point within the city. The cwitral part of the 

ar(>n *houlcl 1)tl kept :i- .inlplc :is pas-ihle. in nlerdows unbroken hy 

path- and road.. except for w few cro-- conncy-tion. drviwd to fit in 

n-ith .r~c.h oc.casiou:tl tree. a- thc 1ancl.mpe calls for, while on the side 

toward Washincton Channt.1 n ould he another ne:~rly continuou. ma.;. 

of foliage. If .tic11 :L treatment i. adopted it will -1)e unneceh.;ary to 

fill the n-hole area of the park :tl)ove the level of the extreme floods. 

for if the sides were raid to that lerrl they would ierve a. dikes. and 

their -light elevation al~ore the central meadow sould enhance the 

eflrct of the lan~l~~ape, eqwciall~ if the inner slope. are made very 

gradual. d similar treatn~ent in respect to the dikes is to 11e wen at 

Budapest. in the park of Jlarparettm-Inwl. in the Danulw. where the 

1-iew- from the pathi that run along the dike are very 1)eautifal. both 

inw:trd toward the meaclow and outward toward the river. 

Sot the lea4 advantage of such an extremely simple and absolutely 

informal landscape for Potomac Park is due to its po.;ition next to 

the ytrongly formal and elaborate rcheme of the central group. to 

which it would \ewe as a very happy foil and contrast. 

Estept for :I portion of th~ shore growth, where young willon 4 :~nd 

popl:tr. art :~Il-eady growing. the tree. for Potomac. Park will ;ill 

haw to he planted. :tncl I~~c~~nse of the ~.ichness of the soil ant1 other 

favor:tl)le cvnditions the idpi\ .:~~ggeqt. itwlf that in -t~lwtin~ the 

t~.ec- :t vollec%iot~ should l)e got togrt1ic.1. that would form it li~ing 

mrtwum of the gr~atf~st intrr~st : in .hart. i~ Sationid .\~.l)orrt~in~. In 

mn.itlt>ring thi. idra wc have frlt that ;I- tht. Ii~nd ha- lwn -tat :tl~itrt 

:I. :t park. tht~ fir.t importanw I11rl.t lw piwn to it. prrfwtio~~ 11. s 

hc1autifrll 1)Iil~t' of rw~'eation: and it i- otn-iorr. that thtb ~ni.c.ellitneouintrocluc.tioll of :I gt*cxi~t \-:ubirty of t~r. ofall c.olor.. form.. :\nd .ixrwould utterl- (lr>*t~.o? th(. rcstfrll +implic#ity of thv I:tud.cnlw 11 hic.ll we 

ha\-P di+c.riItc~cl. SP\-cbrthrlr.:s. wtl lwliw tJ that it \rould 11t~,o-it)lt>. 

I)! :I n-i-c c11oic.c and arrangmmvt of .:lwc-ic*+. to gm11) ill the' 1)l:tntrd 

alw along thc cl:t.:terly .id(> of the ~)MI*I< :I grwt +eri('- of trccl+ and 

-11ruh :~ncl hrlh which .Ilorll(l rq)rt*wsnt it1 :I \ynq)ti( 111itn11~1. ;ill the 

itnl~)~ti~nt tylw- of cyct:il)lt. lift1 (*:tp:~I)l~ of ywn ing at 1Y:i . I 11l1~t011. ' 

and to (lo 30. 11.1 thc csc~rc.i.t~ of -uflirictnt c.:tt.r :III~ skill. I\ itl~out in ::ny 

1 int~i~g I 1tr1 of th do~i~iint I 1:11l:t. +III*~ 

:I cwllt~c.tioti I\ onltl 11o:ir thv siin~t~ relatiol~ to :i thvorc~ti(.:tll~ c~)1111~lvte 

1)ot:inic.nl w1.ichs tht thtl v:trio~t* c.oIlrc.tion+ (.-\hil)ittd to tho l)~~l~li( in 

the Si1tion:iI ~III+UIII Iw:tr to thr wo~king wlltv~tion~ -to~xd :i\\:~\ in 

d1xner. :tnd l)o\t- for tht> II+ of ~pcvk1i.t.. :111d it w)u1(1 (.ont:lit~ thr 

IIIO-t twnutiful :ind intert-ting .prrie. of (w.11 itt~port:int g~otr11. 

It would :tdd R ft~aturv of great intetv.t :id vnlrlt. to th~ prl. \\ ithout intcrferi~~g with it. eh.sentia1 clwllitir- of Iand~c.:i~)t~. :tndn-cL (.:in 

rwonlme~ld this trwtlnent a* the h1.t pt*ovi.iot~ for the *!-t~111:1ti(b 

110t:~nicxl vollec.tic)n. \\ hirh thi. (hvtmr~~icnt i. sur~ .oc)~lcr 01. Iiitt.1. to 

n~aintai~l. if we ma\- jdgr from thc csprrirnct~ of oth~r c ountrit-.' 

Omitting tht. northrrn portion. which is twluired for th~ c.otnplrtion 

of the 31x11 and it. c.onnec.tions. the wholr arcs of Potonlac 1'iil.k 

yhould st on(-c lw c.arefnll\- laid out in itCcord:lncc with the nh-e 

gentwd ..che~ne. the proportion+ and fomi. of it.: diflerent open and 

planted areah carefully .tudied. and the line. and grade* of ~.o:id- and 

pathi worked out in dt1t:iil in c.onformity with thehe n1:t.w. and with 

the nece+ttl:\- approacahe. to the nen Long H~.idge and r:iilro:d 1,ridre. 

in order that the filling now going on ma\- he ec.ono~llici~Il>- applied 

toward a detinite result. - - - - 

' .ippendiu E on a Botanical C'c~llertion. 

5. Rep. lht-lo 
\\ ,.IIIII~~II

PANORAMA OF THE CITY OF WASHINGTON FROM ANACOBTIA, TYPICAL OF VIEWS FROM 


132 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

detailed .stud!- rnarkecl improved in~pro~enients could lw htw~red. -it 

the northern twd the> route would. of (.ourre. conntvt with thtx 31einorial Bridge. 'I'htl latter. cmsring from the M7a.;hington -itltl of the 

Potomac on R straight line for the .irlington ~n:m*ion. M-auld 1e:d to a 

circle or ~hza near thr hare of the hill. wl~encr to the right would 

lead a drive c.urring up thtl wooded mlley to thta 111:ln.iou OII the 

height and to the It~ft wonltl 1.c1ac.h off the Mount \'(~~.no~r ~.o:ttl. 

The terminu. of sue-h a great national 1-o:1(1 :it 3Ioat1t Yt~~.non ought 

to haw the n1o.t careful :und -yn~pnthrtic. +tud~. for it11 xI1 it. twmc~ntlou. hi.;toricnl :i-w&tion~ Mount \-t~non is not &sipled on the 

sc:ilr of :I grrut pul~lic ~nonumcnt. Iwt 011 the ~no~~t~ deliwto. tlo1nt4cb 

scalt. of IL gcwtlemnn'. country placr. :i c.hnr:wter 11 I&-h ha. 11tv~ n1r1.t 

.lrillfully pre.erwc1 hy tht. Mount Yer~~on Aisw-i:ltio~l. and n 11ic.h dotw 

far morc to 1)rinc to thtl vi-ito~. :L ftvling of the l~er.o~~:~l ~)IP+II,.(~ of 

Warhington than the bald hi.toricd fact of hi* rc*idenrr thrn~. It 

will hc no (.ii*y prohltw to derig~~ :i ternrinu* dipnifirtl :lntl :~tlt~~u:lt

for i~ lbroad national I-OR~ of pilgrim:tpe some 1:) n~ilt- ill Itw~th a~~

to rrlatc thi. tt~rmitiu* frankly to th~ Mount Y(~non ni:lu-ion :I- tllc 

main object of the pilgrin~agc. without int~wcling :t cliworx1:int 1,111)lic. 

not(. into that plaw nhich should *pc:tk not of th~ .t:ltt-111:~11. J~ut of

the private gentltwan of Yirginin ho tbc.1~3 ~i~:lcI(~ llic hum('. 

At the time C'olonrl H:lin*'* e*tinl:ite* urre n~:iclv tht. ~lrc~-:ti.~ l:md 

wa* ~wskoned at $I()() an acrc. :lnd for~lted a trifling ptrt of tht. c.o.;t. 

Although ill elrrell yc:11.. the land ha* risen .ou~rn-l~:~t ill aluc. it i- 

.till moderate in price. and nTr .;ho~~ld therefore ~CL(~IIIIII~~II(~ that in 

thore place* whert. the lint. follow. :L hill c.re.t cwmnlanding :III ~~rt~

tionally heitutiful ~iew q~d€icitlnt liund he taken upon the lowr.~. -1o1)r*, 

in addition to the regular width of the road. to prr+el.ve the iru 1wrmanently from oh.;truction. The building of the electric railway 

rincr the whnii~hion of C!olonel Hain*'. report ha. .on~en-hat :~ltrred 

the situation. making it extremely prohahle that there will l~t. further 

increases in the value of lands along the route and po.4l)le interference 

with it hy new irnproven~enth in ca-e a11 action ih delayed for +vel.:tl 

rear.;. 

It therefore +ems to us that while the c~onstruction of a glwt :tnd 

costly highway might well he poqtponed till the population of \\7:~shington come* to feel it. need more keenl!-. it would he the part of 

wisdom to secure the land for rucli a route without further dehy. 
whmittine their ~'eport the Co~~inii--ion &*ire. to mikc 

:u.knowledpnlcwt of their indrhtec1ne.- to thow per-on- who 

havv :i-4-ted in the work of pre~~ring thr plan. and illu.tlxtio114. iind who h~iw re-~ondcd with enthu4a.m to the IIIILI~HI demandon thvir tinw in order to tini-h the t;di within th~ :ippointed time. 

To 311.. IVillia~n 'I'. Partridge. unde~ who-e able clisection the 

drawing- were prepared. nnd to Jli+r-. K:irr. Thtler. Chapman. 

Crow. tit> C+er.;dorfl. Elliott. (;ithen.. Harmon. Joh~~hon. Kaiwr. 

Nrrz. 310l-ri-. JInndy. Shrphard. Trucl~lood, \Y:ilker. :ind IVreke-. 

to rsprc'.;i its srnsib of ihlip~tii)~~. not only for the skillfd Inalluer 

Gwri~~. 3IcC'art~r. Rodeman. Koss. Sear- (+;illuqher. and Percivd 

C;:illapc.r. who.;^ ysnphit. rrnderinp of the dr.ic~i. contrihtr. *o 

Ia~y~l to an intelligent undcr.tar~ding of thr work of thc Coninii-ion. 

In the. r.o~upilation of n1:3ps. plans. and othcr data in regard to 

park- :~nd the existiog cwditionh throughout tlw 1)istric.t. in the 

study of the ground for the .;t>lection of propod park are:i-. in 

preli~iiinnry studie- for the treatment of all the area- con.idered. 

nntl in the preparation of it- plan.; for put~licatiou. the Commi-*ion 

h:~. hat1 the inr-:dnahlr help of Mr. ,T~~rne- (;. Langdou. :i4-tecl in 

part 1)y Nr. K. A. Outhet :id Jlr. E. ,I. Doagln-. 

Yery re-pectfull-, DAXIEL H. Ilr-R~'H.N. 

C'HARLEQ F. ~IV~\I. 

NO. 176.-REVERE BEACH. NEAR BOSTON. WHAT THE PEOPLE THINK OF ITS VALUE. 
SE: of the mo-t cnjoya1)Ie aud health-giving recrclation- for thc 

people in a place with :i hot -uiulnn. climate i- hathing. cqxcially open-air hwinming: hut the natnr:rl f:icilities for it ill 

Wn-hington are not good. Sea hathing i- nnattainahlv within :I IUe:tsonalde di4tanc.e. while the .;hallowne-• of the mall -tre:m- and the 

n~addinc-- and disagreeable hank- of the Potonlac and -\rl:wo.;tia (10 

not make tht. frwh-water hathing attr:ictive. In spite of thc*e difliv~lltie* there i- a good deal of an~.egulatetl I)athiny in retired place- out 

of 4ght of thr police. and the entirel~ inadtymlt~ teniponlrj- provi-ioll 

for 11athing in the ha.;in of Potcmac Yark i- very largely med. 

IYhen R city ha- any place ot~ -en or I:ke or river tht i- natu~llly 

well fitted for bathing. the popular applwiation of it quickly hild- rip 

sonw 11ieanh of ~~*ing it conveniently. Privatc) rntrrpri.;c rrwt- I)nth 

hou-e- and -upplic- hathing -uit- ant1 tonel- in o:.dcr to protit 1)~ the 

ol)vious public. demiincl. But ~hrn. $1- at Washington. t11el.e. arc nit 

nataral facilities for 1)athing. tbc pr~l)lic. denland i- *eldurn -nfiic-iently 

npparent to lewd private ent~rpri-e into the large inve-tn~ent nece--:q 

to c-rwtr good )lathing arrangement.. -it liichniond. 1-a.. recently. :i 

private companj- huilt ii.: a 1)n-iness ventuw :I 1:trye open-air -winlming 

ha-in. lined with concrete. supplied with tiltel~d wxter pnrclia-ed fronl 

the city, and surro~~ndwl hydr+ng roo~ns :ind shelters: 1)ut 11wal1y 

-uc,h mndertakinp are too uncertain in their financi:ll outc.on~e to 

attract private capital. and therefore nhtw :I city lack- natural adrantages for hathing. it u*uaIIy 1)twnne. necae--:lry for the 1n1unicipalit~- to 

deal with the prohlenl. 

The public bathing establishment. which ahound in European cities 

and in many of our own niay he divided roughly into three clx-W-. 

The first, and perhaps the most important. incli~de- those intended for 

the poorer people. who suffer most from the sunmer heat. who most 

125 
196 FARK 4YSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLTTMHIA. 

need tht3 htvtlthfnl ~.efrv.hnrt~nt of the 1)iithing. vho CiLll not go out of 

the (.it>- to pet it. :~nd who ran :~ff'orcl to pay little or nothing for it. 

Thr. estiihli~hment. of thiy ~1ii.h are free or open upon an :il~~ro.t 11or11- 

inal (.harg(l-l writ. :! (wrt., or at the nlo-t .onletinle. 5 ctmt.. Thc 

co~rtn~one-t type i. tht. floating l~itth. :L grwt, woode~l. wow-likv :&air, 

built :11~ounc1 four 4de. of :in ohlong *pace. which hit. n prfori~ted 

flooring :L few fwt helow the hurfiirt. of the water. The *(.ow -rl?-r\ 

a- :i ~)l:ltfnr~u 1.ou11d the l~~tli i~nd h~qq~ort. thc drr?.ing room+ or Ioc-ker.. whirh wit11 :I high lmii~~l ff*irc.e ir1c.lo.e the wholt~ nffitir. The \r.:~ter 

6pac.c. i. -omc>t irt~e. roofrtl 01 cr and .omctime. O~WII. 7'11(-t. floating 

l~atli. :~IY~ imc.ho~.etl nest the *how in rivw or II~LI.~~I. itt WIT twicwt 

pint. during tht~ .I~IIII~IC~ ~rtonth.. 

ai~iotl~r~* fnrm liffer* onI> it1 1)eing 1)uiIt on pile- or on pwtt~:~nent 

pier.. ~wnning out fro~~r tht~ short.. iuntl i. w~nt.ti~rtr. open on tho ontt.r 

.ide when thv o~qx).itt* .horc. i. ilihtant ard no nth:ir ~t:i.&rg- \ vw~l. 

would lw nnno>-rd 1)y the .ight of the Imthitlg: for in t+ti~l)li.h~rl~nt~ 

of thi. cia-. in whic.11 thcl .ese- :ir.cb i~lwwy. .c.l):~~xted. the l):~tht~. are 

c.oili~no~~ly nude. to tht.ir own grenttlr m~t~fort iind ~~ijo~-ni(wt :I+ well 

:is for rc2ononly xntl -inq)lic.it? of oper:ition and ~~r:iirrtt~llw~rc.c~. Thc. 

lxitlt~r- 1)ring tht>i~- own towel. and l):ithi~tg wit.. if they \I i-h th(w, 

and :ire only providrd with .i~riill drcs.ing ,rlo.et< 01. nrcrte Iorkrr. in 

\rhi(.Ir to p1nc.t~ thc>ir c-lothe.. Thc runninp rB\;1w~~*th+ ;ire cry low and 

the r:drw to tht. l)roplc i. wc.h it. to jn-tify the (~~tal~li~hnrt~tlt of .~r(*h 

hiithing ,r)li~rtb, i~t .t~rt~1~1 point- iilorrg the \t i~trr front n ht~rt. the! (.ill1 

be c~onvtwit.trt1~.tw.ltt.tl ft.ot~t (lifftwwt qu:~rtrr< of th (+it!-. Thcl constrwtio~~ of 1):1thin: ~I:L(Y~. of thi. typ' ~IIINII~ lbt* WI-J 4niple iind 

i11expt1n~iw. 1n1t tlttl :irrangtwit11it~ 4iould l)e c.:u.efnll> thought o~rt .o 

a, to ~nake tllt~ni i~l).olntt~l>- mn\-twitbnt. rrnd thcb rcgdixtion. .hould tw 

kq)t :I. .imple $1. po-+il)l~~ :end rontrivcd with :I .tudiow reptrd for the 

halbit.. tiistr.. iuntl 1m~jndic.e. of tlrr l~:tthc>~.. inordt~ to ~II(Y)III'R~~ th(, 

uw of the 1)ilth. iit the .r:i.oll \\-httn 110 on(% i. inc~lintd to ext~rt him.vlf 

to o~-t~~~.o~t~t. difficdti~-. 

The wrond c.1a.b of e.tal~li.h~ntwts. \rliic.h hill t. rr~ually grown up at 

beache. whtw thcl \)athing i- IIH~III.RII>- good. :ifford mart> convt~tli(wt 

dreising ;~~.ratlpr~l~c>~tt.. .nppl~- ton-tllh it~d I~athinp .nit.. and pro\-idr 

for opw-air l):ithir~g of what might lw cxllcd a mchl sort unclrr plea.- 

ant wrrounding*. in vitw of the pu1)lic.. for large num1)er. of both 

sexe.. Tht. Imther. arp rh:trgtd an :~rt~owt uhicli grnrrt~lly ~iirie. 

hetween 10 and XI cent.. iicw~rdinp to thv :~c.ro~rrnlod:ttion\ furni-hrd, 


APPENDIX A. -PT'RLIC' HATRING PLACES. 127 

and although the location i* often mnrwhat reniotr fro111 tht. csrrltrr of popuhtion the lxitror~iigr i- illwa>-- 1:irg~ ;ind pt.ofit:ll)lt. 11putl 

Snnd:ty- :md h01icI:ly- in hot weather. It i. ody IIII&T 1-tar>- fiivor:il)le 

circ.11~1-tanres. howwr, thttt pli~-:~tc (wt(qri-e ciin :iff old to provide 

thoroughly adequate. col~venirnt. :wd ~init:ir~- arr:i~~geltletit~. ~)c~uII-~ 

tlir i~tt(.ndii~~ce i- ~~trt~~l> i1.1.eg111it1. :lnd will not piiy intere-t 011 a 

c.o.tly plant at moclemte ntr. of c.h:wyt~. 

For thew re:ixon-. :md l)(~(.ii~.t~ of tht. tliftic.lilt?- of ~.rgultititlg the 

riilritiiry mid ~norwl corrditicw of *uvh prir:ltr plactl-. ~l~~l~lic.ipnlitie.: 

I,u ,,,. Hevprp haw in many in-tanc.r- proridrd tlieir on 11 lmhlic. lbnth 

~rnrh. Ta6sarhurrrtts. houqr< of thi.: dil**. Thr IW.~ csanlple i. prol)i~l)l~- 

tht :kt Revere 1kac.h near RoQon. under thtl control of thr 3letropolitan Park Com1lli401l of that it^-, shown ill the ncconlpwnyi~~g 

APPENDIX A.-PUBLIC BATHING PLACES. 129 

and gymnasia. I)ut it is only recently that municbipalities on this hide 

of the wntw, ~wognizinp the value of srlch baths to the health of the 

community. hare hepurl to erect them ax public in.titutionr. Xew 

Tork led the may. and a few other place. hare already followed 

the examplc. The accompanying illartrations show the puhlic. hath 

erected in ISM by the town of Brookline. bias.., at a (.oqt of $r)0.000. 

Resides other l~th. and dres.;ing rooms it contains a switnming basin, 

80 feet hj- 36 feet. .upplied viith :I rteady flow of fresh water and 

kept at a uniforili temperature. It ih used on different days of the 

week by men and by wonien at a charge of 5 to 15 cents for residents 

and 35 cent* for nonreqiclent.. and one day ir reserrrcl for the use 

of a swin~n~ing clul) of limited ~nrrillwr.hip. The running expense. 

during ItNNI were ~i.HH4.10: the rtwipt.. %.l.il..iO. and the. nrunher 

of l~ather.. 51.4.::;. 

-44 mentioned ill the hod\- of the report. we Iwliew that opewail. 

bathing place. of the .econd cia... although on :I much mailer. wtle 

than ;it Hex-ere Reach. -hould lw proritled in the in~provernent of the 

Anaro.tia. and we believe that there will lw :truplc ju+titicatiol] Ijefore 

long for RII important e'itilt)li+htl~ent of this sort war th~ pre*ent I~thing place in Potonlac P:irk. in connwtior~ with th~ c1crrIo~)nlent of the 

central group of 1):trks. Ultilnately tl~er~ might be good opprtunity 

to dewlop at the wnr point :t winte~ Imthiug ~)lac.e of the third c-l:trs. 

S Rep It*>-17 

SIDE fro111 the question :is to whether the iulnlrler wrrent of A the Anacostia. unas.;i.;ted by a tidal rl)l> and flom-. i. -u%ci~nt 

to mltinhin the hwin- ahore the propo-ed dam without clnnger of stagnation, there is another 01)jectiori which might be raid 

against any interferewe with the normal tidal ~novenlent 1):- x clam. 

namely, that it would redwe the wo~ring current. which would oth~rwise tend to prevent silting in the c~ommerrial channel lwwr clown. 

The general theory of tidal -cow ha. heen 111ade a -ul)jevt of .;pecial 

study by the I'njted State3 engineer officw- in charge of harbor and 

river improvement-. and it- application to the prohlenl of the A~~ac.o-- 

tin can be moa4 safely worked out l)y them: hut without tt~-u~n~inp:inintimate technical knom-ledge of the matter we will state the .pec%l 

fact6 hearil~g on this cme: 

The water of the Yotomac. alwny- wrrie- :I large amount of dt, 

wbic.h hegin- to hcttle on the hotto~l~ whenewr the current cea-c- to 

mow rapidly. Tbc .ilnwr the current the mor~ silt i- (1t.p-itcd. 

When at the head of any c.hanncl there is a large ))a-in. over the 

whole area of which the water must riw and fall at ever- tide, a (.orrespondingly large ~-olun~e of water mu-t pas- in and out through the 

chann~l at erery tide. :tnd the. alr~ount of writer pa-4ng in or out 

through ti limited opening during the few hour- that the tide runs in 

one direc-tion ohriously d~ter~niner th~ -peed of the vurrent. If the 

basin he doubled. ahout twice a* much wate~. ntwt pa*- through the 

opening in a given time and it must more J)ont twice a- faqt to do it. 

If the proposed tmsins on the Anaco..iti:* tthove JIas.;achwett- avenue 

could be niad~ of wfficient area and the tidtl wereallowed toflo~ freely 

in and out. it i3 cle:wthat the current could he made swift enough in the 

lower c*hannel. fir-t up and then down. to keep the -ilt alway- -tirred 

up NO that none of it would qettle on the Imttonl and no dr~dping 

would he required to maintain the channel. That i.; the theoreticallperfect condition of tidrtl scour. as we under*tttnd it. 

Rut, while thr conditions ~onld he perfect in the channel. in the 

131 
132 PARK SYSTEM OF TEE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

hroad haqin ahore there would be practically no current and the depo- 

 iti ion of silt mould take place thew very ~papidly. 

If. on the other hand. hy tbe con.:traction of a dam at Massachuqetts 

avenue. the (.hanuel were hronght practicdly to a dead end at that 

point it.; upper portion would be in sul~stantially the .;ame condition as 

the whole basin under the tiwt arrange~nent, that i*. without current, 

and the deposition of silt mot~ld take placr there very rapidly. The 

lower end of the channel would hare *ome current. though much 1e.:~ 

than More. On the awlage. then. the channel would hare :I conlpamtivel- a1aggi.h current. and 41t would he depc~.:itecl throughout it.: 

length only :I little less rapidly than in the ha4n under the firqt 

arrangement. 8. the area of the channel. however. is very stnall a.; 

cornprecl with that of the 11nsin. the total amount of silt deposited 

within it must he hut :I .;mall fraction of that dty)o.:ited npon thr ste ensive bottom of the 11a-in under the first plan. 

When. a- often hnpptns. a tidal hasin can be rheaplj- provided and 

no important interest* are affected if it 1)econle.: gradlially *hoalcd. it 

ih ohviouslj~ wise to amid the necessit~- for conqtant channel clredging 1,- it. use; )jut where. a.; on the Sn:rco+ti:t. the l)a*in in~i~t he 

first dredged out and then. for .anitmy reason-. ~naiutained hy drrdping :it :i (.on-tant depth, it would appear to he nlorr economical in 

the Ior~p run to keep the silt from flowing into the 11a4n at nll md 

to contine the htnre ~naintenance dredging to the much small~r :ires 

of the channel. where it dl l)e 11-siqted hy at least <omr tidal current. 

50 far a* the silt of the Anacostia Kirer itself i- c-oncernecl. :ilthough 

for it* size a very turbid -tr~ani, the imtrrial ~hich it c*:lrries in \uspension i- not lnrpe in total nmonnt and i.: c.o~np~~.ntivrly coarw. rind 

it woold therefow 1)e deyositrd in the first itill M atrr at the head of 

the hasin. whence it corlld h~ ~emoved froin timr to time as nrcesw.j-. 

Thu.. if the tnudcl- tide of the Potomar should he excluded rompletely f~om the I&n. not only would the total maintenance dredging 

for the y-stem be les* and the park lake.: he free from the ohjtctionable and inconvenient tidal tluctuation, hut the water would he clear 

and dean instead of constantly muddy. The possibility of attaining 

thi- re.;ult appear.; to depend. as .:tated in the hod? of the report. upon 

whether the bummer flow of the .Inncodin is wfficient to supply the 

evaporat~on from the large lake surface and furnish a surplus for the 

renewal of the water. On thi.; point the Commission has been unable 

to obtain sufficiently reliable data upon which to base a conclnsion. 
AYPESDlS C.-A LETTER RELATIYE TO THE PROPOSED 

TREATMENT OF ASACOSTIA PARK. 

35 FAIRTIEW AVERI-E. SOT~TH 0~~4x0~. x. ,T.. 

*IT, /*P?/t hP-1, 29. 1901. 

D EAR SIK: Referring to the question- relative to the propowd 

establishment of a water park at 11-a-hington, D. C.. which 

were under discu4on at the inten-iew with the Park Commission at the Capitol in October. 1 beg Ieare to state that Colowl 

. Allen requested me (inasmuch as the burre-s and the preparation of 

the plans for the ,inacostia River improvement had been placed by 

him in 111y inmediate charge) to take up the consicleration of the qne.- 

tions in reference to which you desired suggestion- and to write you 

in regard to the same. 

The desirahi1it:- of the e&hlishment of a water park in thc upper 

part of the dnacostia basin seems to me to 1)e beyond que-;tion. When 

the project for the proposed ,$nacostia improven~~nt wa. under consideration in 1898 we were confronted with the problem of reclaiming 

or utilizing in some wap the aide area of flat* and marshes lying 

between the Pennsplmnia Railroad Rridpe and the 1Xstric.t Ilne. The 

extreme upper limit of comniercial development of the river desirable 

seemed, at that time. to he Renuing Bridge. on a main line of trawl. 

but even then I was very doubtful about the pr:tctical)ility or adv~sahihty of uqing any part of the wide flat* juyt below Benninp Bridge 

and west of the rirer channel, when reciainled. for residential purpo+es. 

for they consist of the lightest alluvium and are saturatd with \ewage. 

Between Benning Bridge and the Diqtrict line conditions seemed to 

require some form of park development. and with this view I made 

studie. for lakes with curved shore lines. which we termed tidal reserx-o~r*, working on the basis of balancing the cut and fill. the reservoirs 

to he so arranged that they might be utilized in all>- poq*ihle future 

park development and at the same time serve to ~mpound tidal water 

13:: 
134 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

to aid in the maintenance of the navigation channel- of the river t)elow. 

Owing largelv to the lack of fund.: and arailr~ble time, it wah found 

iinpracticahle to develop thi- part of the project at that time. and 

therefore it mas left open and referred to only in a brief and general 

wav on page 12 of the report. The plan of the C'omniission for the 

establishment of a water park on this part of the Anwostia will. therefor~. not onl? not conflict in any way with the proposed rirer inprovenlent, but. on the contrary, furni.:hes n mod happy solution of 

the clifficulty in the treatment of the wide area of flats here found. 

The channel inlprorenlent propoqed for the ,\nacostix had two 

objects in view-(1) a channel .:ufficient to meet the need.: of naval vessel* from the mouth to Nary-Pard Bridge, and (3) a suflicient rhannel 

for commercial vessels loaded with lnmher, building materials. coal, 

etc., destined for the northeastern section of the chit-. Ra.:hington is 

not a manufacturing cit~. however, and so much heavy freight i.: now 

carried hy rail that the need* of thia part of the city. in the matter of 

water transportation, would prohahly he huffibientl?. inet if the 16-foot' 

channel propo-ed above the Savy-Tad Bridge had it* uppel. terminus 

at the line of Xlassachu.;etts arenue extended, which, a2 I recall. i- the 

proposed lower limit of the water park. Thic arrangement would 

have the advantage that the proposed bridge on the line of Massachuqett.: avenue extended. could be made much 4mpler in character 

and less expenhive. 

The question as to whether the tide hhould he allowed to ehh and 

flow in the lakes of the water park i~ one of considerable importance. 

All the authoritie- agree that the tidal prism of such a rirer hhould be 

preserved in older to maintain the integrit~ of the channel.: helow. 

I made conlputation* ou this point and found that with the improvement proposed in the report of 1898 the tidal prisn~ would he inadequate to maintain, in the channel.: propohed below Navy-Yard Bridge, 

a velocity qufficient to prevent silt depo-it, and if the tidal flow 133 

excluded from the water park these adverse conditions would, of 

course, he increa-ed. At the same time I am aware that from a landscape point of view the rise and fall of the tide present* practical difficukie.: in the ninintenance of a neat shore he. In the tidal re~ervoir 

of Potonrac Park we built a nlasonry wall with a considerable batter, 

~hich served well, a slope wall having been found un5atisfactory. 

With Potonlac River wiiter, rl ,and or gravel beach would soon hecome 

corered with silt and he unsightly. To my mind. however, there is 
nothing comparable to a clean-cut line of contact between the water 

surface of the lake and the gmrr slope.; of the rhore. which can, of 

course, only bt. recured hy impounding the water at a fixed level. 

This, homeve~., would prohabl~ he irnpracticahle, hy reavon of the 

prot)al)le vontarnination of the flulial waters of the Anacostia ahore 

the District limit.: by th~ discharge into the .;treanl of its tributaries of 

raw or partially treated sewage, which condition- mould undoubtedly 

render the impounded water unhealthful. if not off'ensive. It would, 

prohhl-, he aeedful. therefore. to pro\-ide for the ehb and flow of the 

tide, st leart hetween half tide and high tide, in order to secure a .uEcient circulation of water. The channel. helow can, of vourse. be 

maintained by dredging. which mould prohah1.v be needed to sonieestent 

even if no part of the tidal prism were inlpounded. It is suggested 

that a level of high tide (R feet ahore low tide) would he 1no.t conrenient for the n~axirnuin water line of the lakes. 

A. the tide. in the Potomac often rise to a height of 4 to 5 feet under 

the influence of earterly wid-. prori4ion would need to he mad^ for 

exc.luding there higher tides a. well a. frerhets, for which purpose an 

earthen en1t)ankment or dam. with witahle 4uiceways and gates. would 

suffice. Such an enihankn~ent might he 1)uilt along the line of Maqsachuhett- avenue, and .erve alro a* a roadway in lieu of the proposed 

hridge, the .Inicetra~~ pa~4ng under the roadway. The top of the 

embankment would need to have a luininiunl grade of 14 feet alwve 

low tide to he secure against the backwater of freshet\, but the park 

areas might, it is suggested. have a general lerel of fi feet above low 

tide and he efficiently drained. intirn1uc.h ar the Potomsc freshets do 

not reach their maximum height until iorne two or three daj-s after the. 

local rains have mabed. 

During my connection with the Potomac Rirer improvement, dating 

from the inception of the work in 1NPhnd continuing to 1899, I 

made a special qtudy of the variou. physical conditions appertaining 

to the rker and the reclamation of it. flat., and it may k)e that there 

are other points on which I ran give you information or make some 

suggestion. If this rhonld he the care. I *ha11 be glad to he of service 

to j-ou. 

Very truly. yours, JOHX 13. D~XCKLEE. 

15'd E)/y;lrrtv.. 

Mr. FREDERICK LAW OLMSTED, .TI'. 

APPESDTX D.-A CO31PA4KTSOT\' OF -$LTER!i.l\TIVE PLASH 

FOR THE TREATMEST OF ROCK CREEK ITALLEY. 

I: IHSI'. To lmild :i large covered nnt.irnr>- c.rdvcrt or -rww for the 

week. and to fill around and over thi. .;tructnrc .o :L.; to olditcrate the v:dI~y and mihe it to the level of the adjacent 1:1ndc: 

constructing :i p:wkway or boulevard upon a portinn of the filled land 

and *rtldiriding the remainder into street. :uld lots for .;ale.' 

its Imnk.. and improw them for park pu1.po.e~. and to con.;trnc.t roadr 

and paths within the park thu* formed, spanning the valley hy frequent street Iridge.; to proride c1o.t. cwnnection n-ith Georgeto~~n.? 

The argumrnts for and againqt each of thew plan. 111a- Iw divided 

into ronsid~ration- of expense and c.an~idwation+ of direct benetit to 

the comnlnnity. 

-4. the question of cost ih merely conqx~rati~-e TVC need not di-vu.;.; 

those iternr which would lw .;r~l~.tantiitll~- the .;nnle in either case. The 

most important of thew are the co.t of land taken.? the 

Hrlwtice rqwnwm.;t of intprcepting .e~rr..' :~nd the co'it of rods 2nd 

other .;nrfavr feature* of the patkway 

portion r~f it ro111d afterward,< 1w ~111. a' alln\ved for later. 

' Whether the r.hannrl ip opw or t.or.ere-ed, intrrrrpteru n~uet 11r lulilt to take the 

cenape. Senate 3lic. Doc.. SO. 21, .52:'3. I!. 10. Thece are now lmilt in part. 

13; 
138 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

filling and gmding at $1.752.l24, amounting. with proportionate contingenciec of $411.134. to a total of '64,528.4H3.' 

The corresponding expenses under the open-mlley plan hare been 

approximately estimated at 8100.000' for the improvement of the 

channel, %BRO.( )O() ' for excavation and grading. and %200.00() for retaining walls. etc., amourlting. with 8553,000 cwntingenc.ies, to a total of 

85M.000. 

To these preliminary expenses u~u.;t be added. in the cba.;e of the second plan. the cvwt of 1)uilding additional bridge* across the valley and 

renewing some of the existing bridges. which. according to their numher and character, might ailiount to f~.om $l.()c)o.Oc~) to El,jo0.(100, to 

be expended from time to time a* occasion nlay demand. while from 

the cost of the first plan is to he deducted the net sa1al)le ralue of the land 

not occupied 1)- streets and parkways, amounting to about 1.16O.oOO 

feet.' While any estimate of this *alable ralue can he little i11o1.e than 

a guess, we may accept a* a hasis the e.;timates given in Captain Ro+ 

sell's I-eport, taking ac the minimrun SA cent\ and as the mxximum 

'&L.jw per foot.' 

This mould give rnaxinium gross return.; of $2..HW,,XOO. and minirr~urn gro.;~ return+ of %9!47.(iOO; 01.. after deduc~ting the cost of necwSenate 3Iis. Doc. 50. 21, 522, 1). 3. 

'This fi~ure of 8100,000 proride. for the remoral of inor or irrepularitier and the 

protection of the banks fro111 wash. 

An approximate estimate hy this Conimission pi re+ 

450.000 cubic yard^ of earth to he n~ovecl within the valley iteelf, at 

4Oc.ents ....................................................... SlRO.000 

100,0(10 cuhir yard9 of earth to be escavated and removed tn Potomar 

Flate or elsewhere, at 50 c.ents. ................................. 50,000 

230,000 

'This area ir lers than that given in Senate Xs. Doc.. So. ?I, bxaust! of the atlditional land required for n wide lmalevard. 

5The ertimatrtl ralur of these land9 under condenrnation in 1892 averaged 86 rent8 

per foot, and the estimated value under sale was given as tvice that amount. Senate 

Rlie. Doc. So. 21, p. 7. The rnininl~un value nnder sale arsumed in thi~ report is 

equal to the preriourly estimated value under conclen~nation, and the masin~um 

value assumed ie three time9 that amount. The maximun~ value is from nine to 

twelre times the pre~ent average a~se~wd valuation of improved npland property in 

neighboring part* of (;eorgetown, and 1retwet.n threr and four times the raluation 

of ~imilar improved upland property in Washington. 
APPENDIX D.-TREATMENT OF ROOK CREEK VALLET. 139 

SalT streets, $130,000.' net gross returns not less than $870,(1(1(! nor 

Inore than dA,fi60.00o. 

From the above figures it would appear that under fa\-oral)le circumstances the profit on land sales under the first plan might make its 

total cost some $400,000 less than that of the second plan. hut that 

otherwise its cost might exceed that of the secwnd plan by .;(me 

&2,000.0( 10. 

This is not, however, quite a round co~np~~ri~on, t)ec:iure. on acvount 

of the magnitude of the work and the length of time required for the 

settlelnent of the enormous fill under the tirst plan. it woultl tw not 

less than fifteen and probably twenty rear.; from the heginning of the 

work Idore the land or the 1)oulemrd ~oiild lwmne arailahle for 

lise,' while the less vastly second plan would he vompleted within fire 

reark. The interest charge*. at 2 per cent. on the *urn. inrested in 

land holdings and in c.onstruction under the .;econd plan. n-ould be 

nearly ~%-M~0,000: bat under the first plan during fifteen year. they 

mould amount to over &2,()00.0(1~. and. should the? run for five years 

more, would amount to more than three and n qmnrter million*. 

It is evident. after all due allowance is made for the imperfect data 

upon which the comparison i.: based, t,hat the tirst plan would under 

any circumstances he far more costly than the .evond plan with it4 

open valley. 

The parkway pro\-ided under either plan would be in itself agreeable 

and dignified. I'nder the first. or culrert plan. there would be a 

broad. ventral roadway. flanked 1,. four row of trees 

Ralatlvr advantweu. in turf parkings, with promenades. Outside of these 

parkings would he wide ~treets for house frontage and for trafic, 

with the usual sidewalks and narrow parking*. The grade.; would he 

easy, the alignment agreeable. and the penera1 effect. regardlehs of the 

quality of :he abutting private property. would he similar to that of 

many of the notahle houle\-ard,. of European capital.. Rut it is 

imposwihle so to &+regard the appearatwe of the surrounding and 

incalosing buildings, for in houlerardr of thi. forrual uhtn type it is 

the buildinp that fix the c.hararter. while the trees are merely a 

decorative adjunct. 

The portion of Georgetown and Kashington through which the line 

'8,550 linear feet of 90-foot ~treet. r=tin~ated at $13.75 per foot 1)- 1)iatric.t ('cmmiasionem' office, $11i,.itZ..iO, f,111% 10 pt'r t-enf 10' vontingenc.iep, tqual $lF'H,::lh.;.i. 

'Senate Mie. Dot.. So. 21, .i"tl Conp., 2tl re-., 11. b. 
140 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

passes is now given oves partly to manufacturing and partly to a poor 

class of resideuces. It i* very far fro111 agreeable in appearance. and 

it i.; hardly to Ire expected that it will 1)ecome a first-class pwt of the 

city. because natural growth exerts no pressure in that direction. 

The tide of derelopment can often 1)c deflected by park and street 

improvements. hut it can wry seldom he reversed. A parkway. therefore, I)uilt ac*c*ording to the first plan would probably bc lined hy factories, tenenlent houxe*. and the like, on a level with the drive and 

separated from it only hy the width of a street and four rows of tree 

trunks. A formal urban boulevard is T-el:\- dignified. inipressive. and 

interenting when it presents an agreehle aspect of city life. hut when 

it prewnts a disagreeable aspect of city life and re~rtains. as it must, 

just as intimately a part of that life it cease* to be satisfactory. 

rnder the second or optw-vallej- plan the hroad main drive accompanid 11- path* vr-odd 1'1111 along a little ahore the creek. somewhat as 

does the new drire through Rock Creek Park. The present valley, 

which ha. heen narrowed hy the conqttlnt dun~ping of earth over its 

edge. would be widened hy escaration at the sestricted point.; to a 

sem1)laltc.e of its o~iginal forni and clothed with turf and trees. ~hile 

the necessary prorihion for huuinew trafic arid for building frontage 

would be niade hy horder roads on a level with the existing stseets. 

Along thew border roads the wne factories. tenements. and the like 

~voald doubtless he hilt as in the other case. lmt n-ith the tmffic 

roadw:iys from 30 to 40 feet aim-e the park drive such occupation 

would not intsude itself forcihlv upon the attention. even if it were 

not entirely cut ofl' from riew. 

Besides secluding the parkway from dirert and intimate association 

with au unattractive part of the city. the higher elevation of the rep1as stre~t.; would pernlit them to croc.s the parkway almve grade by 

lrridges spanning the mlley. *o that the husy :tnd growing traffic of 

pedestrianh. Fagon*. carriages. and erpecially electric. cas. would not 

Ire brought into conflict with tht. pleasure trawl. Fro111 every point 

of view thic i.; to be desired. For the drirer of :i spirited home, for 

the wheeln~an. even for one strolling afoot along the pskway, the 

necewity for crossing w hu.;y thoroughfare at every block, together 

with severa1 electric-car line,.. would seriously mar thr ease and comfort of :t plea.;ure esrursion. while the ohstruc.tion to husiness tmEc 

by grade crowing,. of a thronged paskwa? is not to be ignored. In 

the city of Boston recently the objections to a long diagonal croming 
- - .------..I_ 

NO 182 -BIiIULE ACHOSS THE RIVERWAY BOSTVN PARK SYSTEM. 
NO 75-PIAZZA DEL POPOLU, HOME A COMMANDING SITUATION WISELY TREATED FUR THE ENJOYMENT OF THE PEOPLE. 

-------rr---- ------ 
of a trafic street with the principnl parkway were felt to he so great 

that the city went to a large expeme to provide second street for 

traffic and electric cars. 1~s.: direct. but pa.;sing under the park drive. 

An advantage of the -treet-level boulevard that would offset, at 

least in psit, the oh.:truction which it might ofler to taro.;+ traffic. is, 

that it would permit niore connecting qtreeth acre.;+ the ralley than 

mould he rea.;onaMe or fea.;ihle with the open valley plan. where wch 

Crohq street mnld have to he carried on a bridge. Hut with half the 

streets carried acro.;. on bridge.. a.: i.: perfectly fewihle. the interference of the valley with cro-town travel mould lw r-er! slight. It 

ii not a question of a uniform tide of trarel from one side of the 

valley to the other: it is a cpe.tion of travel hetween ~ariou- regicm.: 

+omemhat remote on either .;ide-travel which naturnlly tends into a 

few main arteries. If the valley were converted into a uniform plain 

the hulk of the trarel mould .;till continue to flow on a few prin~ipal 

lines, rind if the*e he well provided for hy bridges the abbence of a 

few intermediate cro-sing. will be of little consequence. 

0l)jection has been made to a ralle\- parkway .;erlucied in any depree 

from the qtreeti; 1)y diflerence in Ierel-p:trticularly if the secluhion 1)e 

increased hj- trees and lwhheh-on the ground that it ~vould he rerdifficult tj poIice in .uch a region a. that bordering upon Lo-iver Hocbli 

Creek. Thi- rakes a prohlern not to lje lightly pushed a.:ide: hut 

if rarried to it. logical conclusion. it Inmn- that we are to hare in the 

poorer cluarter. of the city no prks in the least degree retired from 

the street- or materially differing in treatnwnt from their hald and 

sordid .urronndingu: for an!- park i. more liable to zhu.:e than is a 

street. The an.;wer to the objection is that we can not hare good 

things in thi. world without paying for thrm and that part of the 

pice of park. i. the policing of theni. The attempt to secure the 

policing of park- as a mere incbident of street policing i* not a wiqe 

policy and mu.;t in any large city give way to a regular and systematic polici~~g ofthe park.. ;120reo~e1'. in thi- particular case the 

difficulty ma- ea.;ilp Iw exagg6rated. for. the fact that the aide. of the 

~itlley cut off the sight of adjacent ~treets and houses from the main 

drive and path. doe. not nece..;aril!- mean that the rdle!- itself is to 

he filled with dense thicket+ and .;omher groves. It may. indeed, he 

open and sunny. with hut enough tree. to pire desirable .:hnde. 

It would appear. then. that the open-valley p~soject would afford the 

more satisfactory parkway and that its cost would certainly he much 

S. Rep. 1-18 
142 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF OOLUMRIA. 

less than that of the culvert plan: hut there are still other points to 

be taken into consideration. of which the most important is, perhaps, 

that the culvert plan would add a considerable area to the hnilding 

land of the city. from ~hich in time a large income would he derived 

in taxes. The same argument may he raised against the withdrawal 

of any park land from ro~umercial ocrupancj-. and it j.; merely a cluestion whether in this case the value of the park-like horder* to the 

drive and its partial seclusion from disagreeable qurrounding.: would 

he worth the 10s- in taxes. In our opinion it would he. especially 

when it i- ronsidered that the potential purchaser. of this land are 

not likely to he lo.:t to the District a. taxpayers, hut will simpl- pwchase other private land, invre:t.;ing it. value hy in~pro\-emeuts and 

paying the same taxeh upon it. This raise* the question. too. whether 

it i. :I wise policy and in accordanve with our principleq of government for the pnhlk nuthoritie.: to go into real-estate 1)urines.: in m11- 

petition with the citizens. There appear.: to he at present no litck of 

land for sale in Wa*hinpton. 1)ut rather n la& of *u%cient market. 

and for the Government to put additional land upon that market ~vould 

seem a cluestionahle blessing. If the Government ih not to go heavily 

into real-estate speculation in competition with the landowners of the 

District. the cost of the (wlvert project hecome. so enormous a. to he 

utterly out of the question. 

It is our conclusion. then, that the Bock Creek lmrkway should be 

treated as an open valley, crohsed a. often a* may he necessar- by 

handsome and sahitantial hridges. flanked h~ traffic road.; connecting 

on a level with the adjacent city htreets. and including at a lower lerel 

near the stream a drive or drive- and wch path. a* rwa- 1w needed. 
7 HE advantage< to hohnical -cienc.e. to horticulture. to fore-tr-. 

and to land~ape architecture. of :t great -,wtematic- collection 

of livirlp plants under the direc.tion of the Department of Agricwlture. are too great to need ai.gument. Thr Ikpartlnent ha. already 

found itwlf compelled to make partial collec.tions for htndy and esperi 

ment in special fields; but from lack of fund. :ind 1)ecau.e of the 

limited prpose~: in view in wch cb:tw. these cwllection- hare heen 

quite unrelated one to another. and haw been unar-ailahle for general 

purpo-eh The investigation. of thr Ikpartment and other. who hare 

occasion to .;tud~- large group- of phtz for any purpose. hare no 

such cdlec.tion of living and gro~ing specimen- at theil. di*po.;al a* 

h~re heen got together 1)- the (h-ernn~ent authoritie- of England, 

France. Holland. (+ennany. and Ru.-ia. The? ha\ r lwen coalpelled 

to rely mainly upon the dried .pec.imr~~+ ofh~rharia. wpplemented 

hy a wry few collrction.; of liring plant. maintained by educational 

institutions. 

Although of immen\e value to the purely scientific. systematic hotanist. the dried her1)arium spec*imens are of wry linlited uw in studying 

the general character. :qparnnce. ttncl hahit.; of the plant"* in nature: 

and it is in order to meet the prtictical ~w~oire~uent- of the people :it 

large, who want to use the planth intelligently in fxrming. gardening. 

forestry, and oruamental planting. that the liring plant.; should he 

brought together so that they can be esaniinrd ~ith economy of time 

and travel. The existing dl~ctions. of which the Arnold Xrhoretum 

at Boston. the Shaw Hotsnical Garden at St. Loui-. and the XPW Tork 

Botanical Garden are the mort important. are limited in their ability 

to supply thi. need. not on:!- by reason of the space required for a complete collection and the cost of the u-ork. hut hec.aure of local dinlatic 

143 
114 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

conditions. for in the climate of Boston. Sew Tork. :~nd St. Lorri- thousands of plants of the utmost value and interest to large hection- of the 

country can not he gro\m at all. 

A prrat and adequate national botanical colloction will necessarily 

he a &nv growth. and its organization and arrangement must be the 

outcome of long study and gradual dm-elopment; hilt a. suggestions to 

guiclo the htep- that niay tirst be taken toward it\ e\tahlishment. the 

following conc.lusions of the C'omnlis-ion may be helpful. Thej- are 

the rewlt of some familiarity xith the prehent arboreta and botanic 

garden- and of diwuzsion with several botanist- of eminence. 

It i. o1)riou- that all the plant- native to the territory of the rnited 

Stateh. to say nothing of de4rahle exotic-. can not possi1)ly he gathered 

together in a hingle place and grown thew. Their c.limatic reyuiremenb range from the arctic. to the tropical: and hven within the main 

continental territoq- of the Vnited States there are ditference. quite 

a- raclical. if not .;o striking. as between Alaska and our tropicnl islands. 

TTe -hould therefore look forward to the nlti~nate establishment of 

seve~.aI working c.ollectionh. probably in connection with certain of the 

invaluable experiment station.; of the Department of Agric.ulture. in 

a few localities har-ing tvpical elin~atic conditions fairly representing 

the whole range of United States territory. 

It would donhtles- be possitde to arrange for utilizing such I-alr~ahle 

existing collection- as those of the Arnold -1rl)oretum. the Shaw 

Hotanicd Garden. and the Sew Tork Botanical Garclcn as the st:itions 

for their respectire sectionh. suppleme~~ting their pre-ent activities 

and resources 1)y governmental cooperation. bringing them into closer 

touch with one another, NO organizing their aim- and rEort- a. to 

avoid needlew repetition and waste of energy. and providing for the 

prompt and full publication of the resulth of study at the various centerh. Thib branch of the undertaking would require 1)ut little expenditure in proportion to the result-. for it would in the main but provide for the \rise and orderl- direction of the existing local activity of 

wealthy communities; Imt it i.4 quite a- important to the welfare of 

the country that thew hhould he zimilar working c.ollect,ion~ for study 

md experiment in less developed section\. where local activity can not 

he expected for very man!- years to establish them. where far les.: is 

known as to the possihilitiet; of plant life, and where ruch knowledge 

would he of immense advantage to the development of the country. 
APPENDIX E. -BOTANICAL COLLECTIOX. 115 

Washington i.; the appropriate place for the station representing the 

climatic region of the Middle Atlantic States, and southward to the 

beginning of the sul)tropical section. and it should be provided with :I 

large working collection of the flora. both native and introduced. of 

the region w11ic.h it represent.;. Like the other working collectionthat at Washington should he placed and arranged with a view, first. 

to the succ.essful growth of the plants ~nder fairly nor111a1 vondition.. 

second. to convenience in caring for them. and studying them a. indiriduala and hotnnicnl qerie-. and only third. to the apyearanc.tk of the 

collection a* :i whole. It is ti husiticss propo.;ition. and not a matter 

primarily of puhlic recreation. 

11% dated. however, in the body of th~ report. it i- de4r:thle. a- a 

matter of popnlar i~ist~.uction and enjoyment. and :ilm for the sake of 

presenting in a clear and forc4l)le manner the greater and more fundamental :lspec.t. of .;y.;te~natic hotany. that there should he in addition 

to thii large working museum. a synoptic collection representing all the 

more importanr 1)otanical division- 1y tho+ specich of each group ha\-ing 

the greatest interest. IT-hether cwnomic. nrti.tic, or purely .cientitic.. 

8w.h a collection :I* this. ~rhich might well Iw placd in Potomac Pnrb. 

should he .;elected and arranged not only with it view to the wcces-fu1 

growth of each <pecie* of tree. I~riih. and her)), :tnd to their vouvenient inywction. hut with the ~noqt ~cr~ipulou. reprt~*ct to the plea-iny 

chriracter of the resulting lundscnpe. a motive that c.ould not Ire followed with great 3uccess in the anliniited miscellaneon~ c.ollection for 

experimental purposeh. 

In s~wh asynoptic +rie.;. for CY~I~IIF. the sewnty or eighty specieof oaks of the ITnited date- \\-odd lw repre-ented only ))!- the kinds of 

createst importnnce. 1vhic41 :wr c-ertain to grow :it 11-ashington into 

great and he:tutiftil ~prc-in~en- of an aspecst that will tit in harmoniou+ly 

with the proposed land.;cape of the park: the .;istj- or wrenty specieof hawthorn would be represented hy a few of the commonest and 

mo.t beautiful varieties. 11pon +hose appe:iranct. when prova it id 

pos4hle to count with rea.onnMe certainty. and whivh thercfore can he 

so placed a4 to prodwe n plea411,o rc.-ult: id 4milarly with the 

smaller hrnshes and herbaceon. plants. 117th the two latter e.pecial1.v 

the results of cwltirittion chnn be indicated in n hrnutiful and striking 

manner by choosinz a fern of the genera that have responded most 

successfully to garden cultivation and exhibiting them very perfectl-. 
146 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF C~LUMBIA. 

prwenting, for euamplr. every one of the almost ~~ountless \varieties 

of lilac.*. of denlati+. of peonieh. or of poppieb, and of a few of the 

more intrresting ec*onomic plants. such a- grapes. A few surh collection+. grouped each by itself in :t retired garden or bay of the wood 

along the easterly side of the park. if well planned with that encl in 

view. need in II~ way interfere with the quiet iimplicity of its genela1 

1:indwape. and would aff'ord an imulense amount of enjoyment a+ well 

a. in-truvtion. 
APPESDIX F.-LIST OF THE DRATVISGS. DESIGSS. ASD 

NODELS ILLCSTRATISG THE REPORT OF THE CONMISSIOS OX THE IMPROVEJIEST OF THE PARK STdTEXI OF THE DISTRICT OF COLrXIRIA. 

[Exhihitell nt tht. c'orrorwn Art Ciwller!-. Wwshinptrm. 1). ('.. .lnnnrrr; I5 ro Frbrnwr)- 25. 1WL. and now 

on eshibitiorl in the Lihnw?- of Congresu.] 

Map of l3i.tric.t of Co1unlt)ia. .hen-ing t.si.ting public. <paces. 

Xap of Di.itrict of Colunlhia, &owing esi.tinp and prop0.t.d 

puhlic .paces. 

Map of Di.;trict of C'olun11)i:a. .bowing p~-opo.;ed addition. to 

park .-stem. 

Diagram of the p:trk. of 3t-i~ York. 

Diagran~ of the park. of 12o.iton. 

Diagram of existing and 1mqm.t.d park.; of Washington. 

Diap1111 of th~ rxl.tinp parks of T\'a.hington. 

Diagr:t~u of the> park- of Palj-. 

Diayxm of the IMI-k. of London. 

Typicd .ec.tion of Potomac. QII:~~.' 

Typical -rction of Kork Creek Parkwn!-. Treatment revom- 

~nendrd. 

Typic.al .cction of Rock C're~k Parkn-a-. -\Iternatire p~.ojec.t 

with corered c+h:mnel. 

T~pical .ection of one of thr Ya1It~~- Parkwap .w11 a': PiueRranch, Soapatou~ Creek. and Chorgrton-n Parkn-ap. <howing thr pre.erration of esiqting natural scenery. 
148 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

14. Tpical section of Potomac Drive. short distance above Aquedwt 

Bridge. 

1 Two panoramic views showing present conditions. 

16. Typical section of Potomac Drive below Chain Bridge. 

17. Section of Savannah Parkway. 

18. Plan of Savannah Parkway. 

19. General plan, describing area included between Capitol and 

Lincoln Monument. White House and Potomac Park. 

20. Birds-eye view of general plan from point taken 4.W) feet ahove 

Arlington. (Rendered hy F. L. Hoppin.) 

21. Birds-eye view of general plan from point taken 4,000 feet over 

Insane ilsylum, -4nacostia Height>. 

CAPITOL UITIAIOX. 

22. Plan of Capitol grounds (L'Enfmt) li!+l. 

220. Plan of Capitol ground, (Thornton) 1W3. 

23. The Capitol. West eleration. showing propowd Terrace. redoration of the Rulfinch gate. and 1)oundary fence. fonntai~~h 

and approacheh. Re~~dered h- A. R. Rob.. 

24. Section through same. ca*t and west. Rendered 1)- A. K. Ro..;. 

25. Plan showing propo.;ed treatment of Monument Garden. Rendered hy Geo. de Gersdorff. 

26. Section through ;2lonument garden on White Home axis. showing proposed treatment of approache. and terrace, forming 

a ~etting for the Wa.;hington ?Ilonument. (Looking ~aht.) 

Rendered by A. R. Ro*.. 

8'7. Section through Monument parden on Capitol ask. looking north 

toward White House. Kendered hy A. R. Ross. 

28. Section through Mall at Fifteenth street, looking west. showing 

Monument approaches and terraces. Rendered 1j.v ,4. R. 

ROW. 

29. Section through canal. lookina east. showing terraceh and 

approaches to Monument garden. Rendered by A. R. Itoss. 
Plan *bowing proposed treatment of Lincoln memorial site. 

Elevation of same 011 proposed site. 

Section of same. 

(+enera1 section. Lincoln n~onurllent qite. showing pmpowd 

men~orial bridge connection at this point. 

Model of Mall, including area- 11etween Capitol and Twenty- 

*erenth street. Thite House and Potonlac Park. *bowing 

pre*ent condition-. Scale, 1 foot equal.; I.!N)o fert. (;eorge 

C'~rro11 Cl~irti*. pogritphic:il wilptor. 

Model of Mall. hhowing treatment prop04 1)y the Comini4on. 

Scale. 1 foot equal* 1.000 fert. George Carroll Curtis. peographical wulptor. 

CAPITOL 1)ITISIOS. 

T'iexr of Capitol n- -ern f1.0111 1Inll (Third .treet). Rendered 11.v 

Roht. Hum. 

Vien .;bowing pl-opo4 treatment of ~IIRIF at head of JIa11. 

Rendered +I!- C. (hh:t~n. 

Gate house and po*ts. old Capitol Grou~~d-. (Bu1fint.h.) 

View ho-xinp propo-rd trpatmcnt of 11x*in. terrace. and Capitol 

approache-. bwd of 3Ixll. Rendered hy Henry JlcC'arter. 

Vieu- of Monun~rnt and p:trden terrace- f~*oin Khite Kou*e. 

Keudered I)\- .Jule- (;orrin. 

1%~ of 1lonu111ent :~nd garden tt.rr:tcc-. from (ml~l. 

Linc.0111 dirision. Kendered l)y .Tule+ Guerin. 

I'iewc of projected t~uilcling.;. re4mmnt.;. prilion-. thtr. 

One of the *ix p~vilion- in Jlonuiu~ent garden. Rendered 1):- 

Henry Mecarter. 

View in Monument garden. miin axi.;. <hon-ing propo.;ed treatment of approache, and terrace*. forming a wttinp for the 

\Yashington Jlonunlent. (Looking east.) Kenderetl Jules 

Guerin. 
150 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLPYBIA. 

View from terra(-e. haw of Xonnment. looking toward Arlington. Rendered I,? .Jules Guerin. 

View f~om terrace, hwe of Monument. looking toward TThite 

Houqe. Rendered hy ,Jules Guerin. 

View of terrace and approach to Monmnent, seen from the 

garden. Rendered hy H. McCarter. 

View of Monument gardell. looking toward White House. Rendered t)? 0. H. Hacher. 

View showing proposed clerrloplneut of site for Lincoln memorial. seen from canal. Rendered hy Rol~t. Rluul. 

Proposed development of Lincoln memorial 4te. seen from Kiverside Drive. (Renderrcl C'arlton T. Chapman.) 

Yiew of the .;am>. seen from Old Ohservator- cite. Rendered 

hg Jule* Gwrin. 

View of -ante. sern f~.om Wahhington Monument. (Rendered bg 

0. H. Rachel..) 

Vim of rnen~orial structure :tnd puhlic plq-grounds looking 

south. (Rendered hy .lul+ (Guerin.) 

View of \Ta.;hington comlrion and puhlic playground+, showing 

propod \)nth-., theater. gpma*iunl. and :ithletica buildings. 

(Kendered 1,- .Tule* Gnerin.) 

View of puldic .;quare and above glSoup of bnildingb. showing 

proposed uienlorinl .;tructure. Kendered ly ,Tule.; Guerin. 

View in Mall at Sisth street. Rendered hy .T. Gnerin. 

Nall heen from Fourteenth qtreet. looking toward Capitol. (Rendered hy Jules Guerin.) 

(+enera1 view of Monument (hrden and JSall, looking toward 

Capitol. (Rendelwl 1,- C. (+rnham.) 

Vim- of Monurnent seen from Mall at Fourteenth street. (Kendered by ,Jules Gnerin.) 
APPENDIX F.-DRAWINGS, DESIGNS, AND MODELS. 151 

5%. View from the West-lllonument. 

,596. View from hc d 11 0011. 

60. Projected plan of the City of Washington. 1790, designed by 

Peter Chade- L'Enfsnt. under the direction of General 

\Va.;hington. 

61. Plan of thtl Cit\- of \Va~hington, 17!rl. designed fy Peter Charles 

L'Enfant. under the direction of General 1V:ihhinyton. 

Glu. Model of llonuuitwt (+asden. Scale. 1 inch equal* 32 feet. 

Fountain of 3Ittrcia. Xon~tk. 

Fou~lt~inn Front of Farne-tl 1'al:ic.t.. Konir,. 

Fountain. Place Chateau tl'eau, Pxri.. 

Par& G~.ou~ld. KO-ton COII~IIIOII. 

Colrimn in (&wden of the Lusrml~ourg, Pnri.. 

I3ro:itl Avenuc. Old Hadlej-. JIa--. 

Airrnue. C'ircw.e.ter. England. 

Avenue. IVindwr. 

Broad ,krenue, Old Haclley. >la-*. 

'. CharIe+ Smnner" Elm. Front of C':ipitol. 1Ya.hington. 

View fro111 Ter~we*, St. Gernlain. P:n.i+. 

Terr:we. Gii~den of tl~p Tuillrlie-, Kntb tlr Kiroli. Pttri.. 

Fountain. Hawpto~r Court, Lol~dotr. 

Piazza del Yopol( ). Piwi:ln Nil I. 1ic111w. 

King-traw., Vienna. 

Formtain and Vi.;ta, Chantill!-. E'r:uwe. 

Fount:iiri*. Yer-aille-. 

Foulltsinh. Yti1wille~. 

Foant:tin. Place Saint Sr~lpict. P:iri-. 

Fountain of Sxn Y:iolo. 12ome. 

Fountain de l'C)t)-cr\.:ttoi~.~. Pari-. 

Fountain Yrrhttille-. 

Fountain. Rsrlw-ini I'ula,.t~. Ko~ne. 

Fotuntain of the Jldici. (;:trdw of the Ilnscnll)<)urg. P:iri-. 

Fount:lin, Quirinal. Rome. 

Terrace. Vcr.;ailleh. 
152 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

88. Garden Pavilion, Laxenhurg. Augtria. 

89. Fountain and Terrace. Fontainehleau. 

90. The Long Walk. Tindsor. England. 

91. Avenue, Cirencester, England. 

92. Avenue. Cirrwester, England. 

93. General \;iem. Pl~ce d~ la Concorde. Parii. 

94. Arenue of the Chan1p.i Elys4es. Pari-. 

9. Fountainh, Plxe de la Concorde. Pi~rih. 

Hti. Station at Frankfort. (hrmany. 

97. Avenue of the Champ- Elyshes. Paris. 

98. Fountain in Garden at d'hmnja. Spain. 

99. View. (hrden of Villa Medici. Rome. showing Terrace. 

100. Basin ant1 Parterres, Fontainebleau. 

101. Foul1 tailis. Versailles. 

lo,". "Foun tain. Villa Slhani. Kome. 

103. Fountuiu and Canal. Versaille-. 

104. Thtl Oranperie, \'ersailles. 

10.5. Palace and Gardens of the Luxembourg. Pari.. 

1( )6. Temple. Borghese Gardens. Rouit.. 

1. Chateau &mu. Cagerta. Italy. 

1. Hernini Fountain. Piazza of St. Peter'.. Rome. 

1. Brandenhurg Gate. Berlin. 

10. Canal, Ha~npton Court Palace. London. 

111. Memorial Walk, Thiergarten. Berlin. 

11% CL'RI'C de 1'Etoile. Parig. 

113. Fountain. Vermilles. 

114. Terrace, Triauon Palace. 1-ersidles. 

115. Terrace and Walk. Garden of the Tailleries. 

116. Quays P' Luver~~r. Switzerland. 

1 Quays at Grenohlr. Franvr. 

11<. Bridge and Quay. Pal-ih. 

119. 12ridge> and Quap. Budapest. 

0. Quay at Vanneh. France. 

121. Bridges arid Quay. -4ngerb. France. 

123. Eln~ Lafayette Square. Washington. 

123. Elms. Capitol Grounds. Xa.;hington. 

114. Eln~h. Eavt Front of Capitol. U'ashinpton. - - - 

* Fro111 photograph taken 1y Mr. Frrc1erit.k Law ~)hn~ttK1, jr. 
APPENDIX Y'. -DRAWINGS, DESIGNS, AND YODELS. 153 

Elm.. East Front of Capitol, Wa.hinpton. 

Elm, Capitol Grounds. Washington. 

Elm.. Side Avenue of Mall, Central Park. Sew Tork. 

Elms. Side Awnue of Mall. Central Park. Sew 1-ork. 

Elni2. Mall. Central Park. SPT Tork. 

Elms. Ho.ton Common. 

Mall. Boqton Comnion. 

Elm*. Roqton Common. 

Elm.. Bo-ton Coni~non. 

Elni.. Ground+ of Hart-ard I7niver.it~. Can~lwidge. >la... 

Elm.. Ground. of Harmrcl I7nirer.ity. 

Elm*, Avenue. Old Hadley. Ma-4. 

Elm.. hv~nue. Old Hadley. >la-. 

Elm-. Avenue, Old Hadley. JIa-. 

'. Charle. Suniner" Elni. Cilpitol GIYIIIIIC~.. \\':~.hington. 

..Charle+ Sumner" Elm. Capitol (+round.. \Va-hinrtorl. 

The " Titpi.: Yert." \-er-:tiIlt~.. 

(;en~ral Vien. C'irenve.ter. England. 

Fountain and Vi.ta~. (;RI~CW of the I'uilerie.. Pari-. 

Esedra. Ch-den of thr Tnil~ritl.. Pari*. 

Termc.c~, Fontaineldtaa. 

(hrden of the Lusen~lwurg. Pari-. 

"Garden Terrace.. C'hateau \':I~I.\ It. \Ticomte. 

*Garden<. \-aus It. \-iwn~tc,. 

"Fountain. Garden J7aus Ir Yicoiiitc. 

"Vatican (iarden. Iio~nt~. 

*Roi$~e.e Ga~drn-. Ro~nr. 

"Hippodronie. Horghe-e (+illdens. KonlP. 

Pavilion. Rorghe.r (;:u.den.. Iio111v. 

*Garden. J'illa d'E.tr. Tiroli. 

"Cxwade. Garden. \-ill3 d'E*te. 

"Cawscle. Garden. Yillii d'Lte. 

"Stair and Fountain. C+arden. J7ill:l rl'E-te. 

"Yilla dlhani. Kon~e. 

"Villa Alhani. Romr. 

*Villa All~wni. Home. 

*T'illx .%lhani. Kon~e. - -- - - -- -- - .-- - - .- 

* Froni plmtopx~~h~ talirn I)!. >IT. Frri1erit.k IAW Oltnc;tetl, jr. 
154 PARK STSTEN OF THE DISTRICT OF COL~MBIA. 

"Villa Medici: Rome. 

"Villa Medici, Rome. 

"Statue, Garden. Schoenhrunn. Vienna. 

"Prate1 Restaurant. I'ienna. 

"Prater Restaurant. Tienuti. 

*Prater Redaurant. Vienna. 

The Long Walk. Wirldwr. England. 

Avenue of Stone Pine*. Rome. 

Nonunlent Yark. I17a.;hington. Prewnt Condition, from the 

South. 

Fountain of Trevi. Konie. 

Panoran~a from the Cupolli of St. Peter. Konle. 

Piazzi of St. Peter. Koiue. 

Aquecluct. Rome. 

The Spani*h Steps. Plaza. Borne. 

Xwnue du Roi* de Rologne. Pari*. 

Avenue du Boi* de Rologne, 4lowinp Arc de Triomphe. Parii. 

Fountain St. Nichel. Pari.. 

(+arclen Pavilion. TZorphew (htrden-. Itome. -- -- - 

*Frcm ~~l~otopral)l~s taken Ity Mr. Fretlerivk Ia\r Oltu~tetl, jr. 







CLASP A.-SQTARES. CIRCLE?. TRIAXGLES. hTD OTHER NISOR KE3EKV.ITIOSS. IS('1.1~1)- 

ISG GROTSDS AROTT I't-RLIC RT-ILllISG' JVHES .-lL\l'AYi CII'ES TO THE I'I'RLI('. 

[.in nrterisk I*) indicates crmtrol by the Distri~t Coniniisiion~~r.. .I dagger ~t 1 inrlicntes c<mrol Irv the .Joint Cl~mmittee on the Litmu-. .ill ttther.: rir? l~thlt'r wmfroi ni thv +~~rberi~ite~~cl(~~~t i~i 1,11111i~~ 

Buildings and C;~IIII~~X] 

Farrapnt Pqunre ...... I:! 

Fr~~nb-lin ~.qr~arr ...... 9 

Garfield Park .......... 17 

* Saymnrket Square ............ 

Howard P~lrk.. ........ 20 

Io~vn Circle.. .......... 1x3 

Judiciary Square ...... 7 ~ 1 

hf~lyette Square ...... 10 

t Library of Congress .......... pro,.llds. 

Lincolu Square ....... 14 I 

I 

Marion Square ........ I?; i 

McPhemn Sqnnre .... 1 I 

south. .1. I; ........ Ret\\'rtsn Thirtrcnth and Fourt+m~tli street. lreut. 

I nrrd K Ytrtws north. S.!i ........ Beta-re11 SIIIII~I Capitnl street and Third Ftreet tmt. at interrtwitm of Srw Jerwr- and Virein~a aren~wq. 2 ........ 0n.R street nnrth. nt j1111rtio11 ##i clhio nnd I,l~ui- SIH~~I HVC~IIC~. 

11.:; ........ Hetween Fc~ur-tlnd-a-hnif nnfl Sixth strcrtq \rest. 

nnrl C~dlere nl~d Pornern? street. nnrth. 2 ........ Retween T~relith and Fourteenth streets weqr. nt inter.ectio~~ oi Yrrmont and Rht,de 1-lnnd 

llvt~lllle.. I! 2.: Retween Ftmrth and Fifth $trt.t.ts wect, end IndiI nna and LI)II~S~I~IIR nrenlles n~rd (; street ~iorrh. 6.!J ...... .. Rerw?cn Pennwlvnnin arenur rind H *tree1 north. I nnd Fiitren.nnd-n-half 1in11 Sisteen-and-n-hnif I RtreetS \vest. 9.S 3. 1 , Retwwn Enst Capitol and R strt.t.1.: south. Pirat I nnd Pec<md slrrrt.- cnqt. 6.5 i ......... Rctween t;lermth end Thirteenth streets east. at , intewcllnll of I(entwl;\'. Tennesrc. Sorth 

Carolina. and ~Iass~chusefts avenue*. 1.6 1.. .... .. Between Fourth 11r1r1 Sixth srreet~znst. at intemectlon of muth Cnrolinanvenllt~and Estreet south. 1.6 ........ 1 Rrt\r.een I and K streets north. nt wuthrastern 

tern~inu- nlld intersection of Termont areulle 

I 1 and Fiitecnth street \rest. 

15.5 
156 ]'ARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COL~XBIA. 

Nt. Vernoll 3qllare .... 

Location 

HVelllleS. 

Rrt!veen Eiphtecntl~ nnd Kinrtrenfh street.; xve.;t. nt i11tc.mrrtim c~f SLSV Ydvk nvclloe and E strevt 11ortl1. 

Rrtwren Fo11rt11 and Sixth streets east, at interwvtion of 3lnssnrhnsctts and Jlnrylnnd avenues. At intc~ectinn oi l'e~~~~sylvn~~i~ a11d Sew Hamp .shirt. avenue>. nnd I< and l'wentr-third streets nnrth\re=t. 

Btttween Fifth nnd +wenth streetseast. an11 K nnd L strtAt'tr ~(lllth. Between Twentieth HII~ Twenty-first slret2t.: west. ttnd H street north and t'otomar River. 

Segment of circle ill junrtion nf Pennsylvnnin 

uvenlle with Enstcru Jiran1.11 Irri~lpc. nnrl IIII 

~(111th side of avenllc. 

Scpn~ent (bi c4rt.k $11 junrlion elf I'rnnq'lvnnia nvenne vith I.:HS~P~II l%rnnrh hridge, on nnrth 

side oi avent~e. Re~.tanple Iwtween 3rvcnth rtnd Sinth streets west, $11 intersection 41i .\Inrvlnnd nnd Virp~nin 

RVC'IIIICP. 

Ker.lnuyle l)rt\wen Si~~tll find Eleventh street* 

east, at iuterwcti'm oi Virpinin and Gewgia 

1LTC~lllleS so11t11. Bt.trwer~ Thirtrenth and Fiftt.mth streets east. at intersertinn of I'enn-ylvar~iw HII~ Getrgitl nvr- nut,* wmt11. Rctwren Imuisii~na nnd l'ennsylvnnin nrenue:. nnd 

tlw \Vwalli~~gton .\lurkct nnd stw?nth and Xinth strerts llnrthlv~s1. 

Totnl 1111nrber oi niinnr rescrvntinn* cwer 1 arre in extent.. ..................................... 26 

Totnl arrn oi rniln~rt.*ervnIions over 1 wre ill extent. ................................ ..nc~e*.. 1'11.iO 

Tnt~l artw free irnm l,rlildil~rs ............................................................ dl, .... IlL.!W 

Average sizv ............................................................................... (11,. ... 4.6.. 

Trinngle.. ............. 

1 )9 ................ 

................ 

Trnpezoid ............. ~ 

1 

Do ................ 

Do ................. 

I)O ................ 

I 

Triangle.. ....... ......I 

,... .. I;. ;xt! Retween Tmcnfy-eighth nnd Twenty-ninth utreets \rt-t. nt i~~terse(~t~~m 01 I't~~~ny'Ivn~~in ~V~IIIIV anrl .\I .*treet 

north 2.2i.i Between Tmenty-tilth nnil Twenty-sixth street west. 111 intersrrtion of Pennuylvnnia nvenuc nnd L sfr~.tst 

north. 

6,241 Betweerr Twenty-loortll and Twenty-fifth streets west. at i~~tersertion nf Pennsvlvani~ nvenlle nnd L ptreet 

llnrtll, 

1.3t;a Retwt,en Twenty-third and Twrnty-fourth street* west. at intersection of J'm~~.sylvnnin avenue and K street nnrrh 

north. 

17.tihh Retween T\venticth nnd Twenty-first streets west. a1 

inIcmec.tion oi l'ennqylrnni~~ evenue rind 1 street north. 

14.3:ih RtBtwren Twentieth and Twenty-first streets west, 111 intt~rwcti~m oi I'ennsvlrnnin arenut. and I street nnrtlr. 

1%. ,511 , Btfitween Ei~.hternth rind Sineteenth streets west. at intemertio~~ of Pennsylvnnin avenue and H street north. 
Same. Official 

nun~kr 

TrapezniA ............. Triangle.. ............. Tr~~razoid ............. 

Trapezoid ............. ~ Dn. ................ ~ 1111.. ............... 

Fcott i'irvle.. .......... 

Trapezoid ............. 

Do. ........... 

Trapezoid ............. , 

no. ................ 

110. ................ 

l'riangle.. ............. 

'Trapezoid ............. 

,s,, rid 

......... Ret\!-een Tllirteen-nntl-a-half m~d F~~l~rfrtmrll qrrrets nest. at nltersertion of I'ennsylranin rlwnnt~ and F: street n~rrth. 

Retween Thirteenth and Fonrtet3ntll ?;frrrt. wrct. n~~d Pennwl\-anin tirenor tind E street nnrth. Rrt~vrr~i Snth nu(l Tent11 strrcrs west. at inrrrc~.r.tic~rr of 1't.nns)-lvaniii ilvcmrle IIII~ Sinth strwt. ~~~~~~rcn Eighth awl Sinth srrttets wt..~t, at ir~tr~tv,ti,~n of Pennsylvrtnit~ and Louisinnn arenut+. Between Svvcnth ~ind 1:iphth street? wwt. tit i~~tarsrr.tion ni I'cnrrsylvaniir rml Lc~uisinn:l av~.nne. ti1181 (' street north. 

Rctwren Serond and Thirri street- rsst, st intcr.r<.ti(,n oi 1'rnn.sylrsliin rrrrnnr and H srrect south. Hetxrren Fourth and Fifth rtrret- erict. 111 inttAnevti#m uf I'en~lsylmnia nwl Sort11 ('t~rolinn IIWI~IZ.. 

11n. 

Retween Eiphtll nnd Sinth strrt.lhtLad. nt i~~lrrwc.rioi~ of Penns)-lvt~ni~~ II~CIIII~~ nnd IJ stretq ,S~III~~I. Rrt~r-een Eighth IIII~ Sinth strerrs east. at intrrw~rinrlof i'enllsirll1il rlnd South ('tlnrlinn ti\-rllnrr. Between Trntlr all11 Elevmtl~ slrret.*w.r. at Intt>rw<.1i<,n ad J'r~nu.ylrnnin rkrmue ~nd E..~rrrt s(wtl1. Ht.tneru ElevtSnth ulld Twelfth strrrts east. at inrt~rfrr- ti~m of I'en~l*yl\-tini:~ avenue and E: street snnth. Rcrxvecn Ta-t~lftll ant1 Thirtwnth strrrts east.;rr inter-ec- ti1111 (I!' I'rnn~ylvanin nren~~e and C; srrtw srtuth. Belwven Thirteenth and Fonrterntl~ strrets tx*~. at inter- wvtio~~ of Prnnsylvanin avennr and rt rtrret scrr~th. Betwren Twenrl--tirst md Tn-tmtv-srtwxl *trwtr \r.ebt.at i1rtt~r~t~cti~1n1~i~1~~~1~1111st~tt~nv~1111ea11~1 (>stret.t north. 0x1 Nnssnrhusetti: atvennr. nt T\!-v~~tv-tlrird strrrtw-cc$t. Brtwr.cn Twentv-fi~t and ~!rcnt\--s;*t.<md Ftrcetr \r.e-t. at int?rsevtio~~ nfJlar..r1~~1~11+ettsa1~r1i\:en11r,11(1 strcet nnrrh. H<,twrrn Kinrteentli and Twentieth rtreer. \vt-t. at in- rent.r,tii~n of Jlnssachnsetts nrellnt. nlld I' sirerr 11mtI1. Het\r.ctw Eiphtrtwll~ ~mrl Sinrteanth strc~.t.; w.>t. II t ill- tc~rwrtim i~f 3Iaw~'h11selt~. ~~vennt. tin11 1' street n~trtlr. Rt,r\r.cen Sistecr~tlr anal ,Wwnrc.enrh .street. west, nr in- rersrrtiou nf 3lar;uri.hnsertr a11(1 Kllodr Iclt~nd avenne.. Inttmc~.tion id JI~~s~i~~l~~~st'tts~~llri Khodc 14aod arinllc.; nnd Fisrer~ith .mwt \ve*t. Betw-rrn Fifreenthnnd t;isteenrh ~trrPt':we~t.ar intersw- titw of .?IHSF~I~~II~C~~.;HII~ Kl~o(lr I~Iand nv1'11ne~ 11cr111. Herween Fonrternth 8nd Fiftwnrh strrets wr.t. nt inrer- sertion of Jl~i~n~~~l~llrctts rivmrlt~ tillrl 11 strrrt north. Inrerscctir,~~ ~,f Jlusuir~hu.;ett- nild Vc~rmont uvcnnes r~nd Fonrteeuth srrrct west. Bt.t\r-een Thirtt~~ntli nnd Fonrttsenth trew 11 PSI. II~ ill- terstvtinn oi JI;~sm~~husetts r~venr~r r1111l 11 street nnrth. Het\r.t.cn Elevtmth nnil T\velftll strtxet. a.r*t. at intersrc- tivn of blas~at.hnst~tfr: nvellne a1111 I, street n~~rth. Brtn-ren l'rntl~ and Elrventh strrcts wecl. nt ~~~~~~~~~tion of h11i~e111.hn~rtts n\-enur and L strrct n(1rt11. Between Sintli and T~nth street.; west. tlr inttmertinn nf Jlassachust~tts and Sex%- jYorli nvennes 21nd li street north. 

At inte~ection of JInswrhusettr artmne. Sewnth .trret wrst. and I; street nrwth. Ht,twrm Fifth and Sixth street9 west. HI intcr.twi<~~~ rtf 

Jla8~~husetrs avenue nnd I .street north. Between Fc~orth and Fifth strrets rue-1. nt illltT~t~~ti0n of Jla~qirhr~ct~ttc nvenut. and I street 11nrtl1. At intrrsec'tiori of Jlnuwchl~wtt? aventrr nnll I Street north and Fifth street west. 
PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

T XI%R 11 -~YPPIVZ~;OII.P und~r OILP nere in ectrrrf--Continued. 

lion of iJleswvh~i.wttr nvellne nnd F strwt n~rtli. 1.zl.1 , At intemevtiot~ of 3lnss11~~ln1sett~ ILII~ Ilt~ln!vnre IIVPIIIW 

and First street ea.;t. 4.2 Between First and S~IVIIII~ streets east,nt intrlvrvticm ,,i Mnrsnci~osetts evrrrur IIMI E \trevt nl~rth. 4.41s Rf?twet-n Sec.ol111 t~n~l Tlrinl strt.cts twst. at intc*rwcti~m c,j 

1\Inssnchusettr nwnne and rl street 1111rth. 4.91.5 At intrrnrhon of ~lns.-~~~h11s~~tls uvtwue. 11 ctrwt Ilt,rtli, nnd Third strtwt cnet. 9.4 Hrtwren Sixth nnrl St,renth strretsewt.nt illtrnvcti~nl ~li .\laaurrhnserti nvrrrlre n~~d R strrrt 1111rtl1. h. .XI6 Betweol Eighth and Sinth streets r.1121. 111 intvr.rvti~n~ 

h. (Kli 

MU1 

10. (W" 

\, .w,3 

10.011 

;,&A 

I h. :<.-tl 

11,ITS 

-I , ,574 

7%; 

1. i.io 

I , Hi.-> 

h. 641) 

4.897 

ti. 114 

2.894 

4.234 

1.W' 

1.4N 

11,INl; 

11. ltii 1.9.50 , 

1.X33 ' 

1.1X01 

7, ?%I 

10, 37 

s, I;% 

10.4"s 

h, Oi.5 

4. ti5 

16. 77.5 

nf .IInsw~~l~u.;etts venue nnd R street 1li1rt11. Retn.t.rn Eiyhth rwd Sinth stwet* enst. 111 intersrvti<m of Rliis~a(.I111setts t~venue 11nd A street 110rtI!. Hetwern Kinth rind Tenth stwets iwct, at ~ntt.r*rc.ti,n~t of hlnswrhu.;etts a\-ennc nnrl A strrt.1 11ort11. Betwren Thirtet*nth and F~~urtre~rtll srrt.t-:east, nt ill- trrwcti<muf .Il~~srrt~~l~~lwtrsarennc awl A strrrt south. Retwren Thirteewth and Fnurtwnth stre<lts ~.nst. at ill- terswti,,nnf JI~s~~ehnsetlr n\-en11e nnd Bstr~t't s(n1th. Rrtxvt~.n Fnnrtwnth nnd Fifteenth strvet? wst. nt j~no.- tion of hlas.;nrh~~~ztts nnd S~bnth Cnndillr~ nvtww~ ~~~uthrnst. 

Retween Fourtevnth ~md Fifteenth strerts ewt, at intw sw.ti~nl of blnssn('li~i~tWs avenue and H strret sonth. Rrtween Seventeenth and Eighteentl~ ?trrfht.; enst. nt ill- tersrvtior~ ni Jl;~s%~chr~settsilvcntle and C' strct.1 south. Retwrcl~ I<ightwntll and Sinrt(.entll ~trt.(.ts enst, 111 irh- terse1'1inn of Jlnssn~~l~nsrtts nrt3nur nlld 1: strrrt st~uth. Ht.twem l'w.enry-~t.w~~th :~nd 'I'\\-enty-eightlr street- wrst. nf intersrrtion r,i Virpinitt a\-cnue itn<l I strect north 

H&I,&&;~ H and I stret.tc 11nrth. at interwrtin~i of Vir- pms arenne and Twenty-stwmtli strwt west. Rt,ta.t.rn T~~t~~ty-sisth and T\r-enl~--st~vr~r~thstreetp west. :it interswtiol~ of Virginin II~PIIIIC~~~ H ptrert north. Rrtwren Twentv-tifth nl~l T\ront?.-,-is111 itretats wwt. ilt interwetinn of Virginin avenac~~~nrl H strwt north. Hetwet.~~ T\r.elttv-f~~~~rth and Twentv-lifth streets west. nt intt.rswtio~l'of \'ireinill nvenur rind (.i street nnrth. 1hl. 

Betrvet,n Twenty-third nnd Twtmt!--fnnrtB strcets wt*ct. 111 ir1Iemw~tio11 ,pi Vi~,il~in n\tmllt~ "nd F strwt 11~1rth Hctwrrll l'\venty-iev~~rid nlld T\rrllty-thirrl ~trvetr. \ve~t. 

;it intt.rwTinn of Virginit1 nrtnllt. nnd F strret north Hetwrrn Twenty-lirvt nr~d T\vt~~~y-sti~l strrrts ne-t. nt intrrwrtinn 1tf Virqinia iivrnrle trnll E stretSt nnrth. Ih). Retwren Twenty-first and T~vmty-mv1nr1 streets we~t. at intersection nf Virginill nrcwut. nnri I1 street north. Retwren Twentirth mii T\rrent>--first streets ar.1. nt inrersecbtinn ni Virainia and Stvv York nvenne*. Jkl. 

Betwren Tineteenth rmA Twentieth strtbetr west. t~t 

interseetinu of Tirginia nvennt, nwl 1) strtw north. Rrtweel~ Nineteenth nntl T~wntieth strrrts wt-1, ilt intersertim of Virginill nvrnne nnrl C .strrrt north. Between Eighteenth nnil Sinetetmth streets w~st. :tt intersection 111 Virginin nrrnne and C str~et nnrth. Between I;erenrw?lth nnd Eiglrttvnth streets weq 111 inttwrrtinn of \ lrginin nrtmllr tlnrl H street nrtrtl~. Retween Elrventh and Twclftlr streets west. at inters?(.- lion nf Virginia arenu? tmd R street wmth. Rr,twren Xinth and Tenth streets we-t, nt intcrserti~m VirHnin nvenue rlnd (: strret ~mrth. Retween Sixth and Seventh streets west, at intri-wvtion of \'ireinin avrnnennd (: stretat snnth. Between sixth a1113 Srvt.nth street.. \rest, nt int:.r-tvtinll of Virpiuin t~vt~nt~e~~nd 1) street sonth. 13t't\vee11 F~1~r-unil-11-11nIf and Sixth strert.wvut. 111 inttbr- startim of Tirginia avenue nntl I, street south. 110. 
Ret\vren Second nnd Third streets west, at intrwecti,~n of 1-irginia avenue and K street sonth. Brta-ern Fiwt nnd Second strreti ~est. at iutersertion cti Virgiuit~ avenue nlld E street south. Rrtwecn Firt strert west trnd Delnwtrrenrenuc3, at int<.r- section of Viryinin itvenue and E street sonth. RtBt\veen Rmth ('iipit~~l and Htdf streets west.at intt.rw- tion of Vir~ini;~ tivrnut. and F street so~lth. Between Fourtl~ and Fiith etrrtats east. at interst~tio~~ <,i 

1-irginia svenlte and I strvet south. Bet\r-ee~~ Risth 11nd Brvcnth streets east. nt intemrcti<ln of Vir~ini~ ttvenut. awl I strert honth. Retwc.cn Sisth and Seventh strwts east. nt interst.,.tio~~ of Tirginia avcnnr nnd K strret snl~th. Hctwrw k:ighth end Xinth .strrets ensr. nt intrr.;rvrin~n t~f Yir~inin avenocb and K street south. Hrtweon Eleventh an11 T\r.~.litl~ ptrcetr enst, nt intt.r.r.<v tion of Viryinia tlvenne RIIII L strret south. Rrtrwen Twelfth and Thirteenth strtvt east. at illt+.r- wction of Virginill avmuc and 31 strert swtl~. Rctnern Thirteenth 1r11d Fonrtc~enth .irrrrts etlct. :if ill- tewt.rtlon II~ Virrinia t~venur awl 11 strrrt south. Htst\vetn Tl~irtwnlh ilnd Fourtrrr~th streets east. at ill- ter-ecti41n [ti Virginin nvenut. nnd Writer strrvt ~OIIIII- enst. Ref\!-ern T1r-t.r1t~--4sll1 nn#I l'~vi~n~\--.evmth strret~nt-t. i~t intenrrtion of Sen- ~an1pshi;e arrnuc and E strret navrth. R~.r\r-r.en Twent\--4stlr and T\x-entv-irventh rtrretr \rert. 111 inttmwti~~ri oi SIV ~nmphifc nvnlllr IIII~ F Gtrret n,>rtll 

I:I Ber!vee!~ Twcuty-fourth nnll Twenty-fifth street.; tr-~-t, at intemt.rtion cd Stw Hemp.llirv arrrlnt. and I strwt llilrth. 

north. ::.;LII Rt~twren Fifrtvnrl~ rind Sixteenth strtwr vest. $11 inter- 
160 YARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

SII~II~. (1fi11'inI 

, number. 

Trianplc.. ............. 

Trapezoid ............. 

Triangle.. ............. 

I)(,. ................ 110 ................. 

I)<, ................. I)<l.. ............... 

Tr;~~wm,icl ............. 

11.) ................. 

110.. ............... 

Ih,. ..............-. 

Trinnglt.. .............. 

Trapezoid ............. 

Trinn~le.. ............. 

I),,. ................ 

Tr:ipezoid ............. 

Trinnple.. ............. 

Trianplr.. ............ 

111,. ................ 

r~,). ................ 

110.. ............... 

1111. ................ 

110.. .............. .; 

n~.. ............... 

Ih. ................ I 

1111.. .............. .I 

nl1 ................. 

Tmpeaoid ............. 

no. ................ 

Triangle.. ............. 

Trnpezoid ............. 

I)<*. 

Between Pixth and Seventh streets west, nt intersection 

ufRhode Island avenue and I< street north. 

Jkl. 

Between Fourth and Fifth streets west. nt intersection 

of Rhodc. Island rind Stw Jersey nrunnes aud X street north. 

Retween 1, nnd 31 stretAts north, nt interswriou (ti Ver- mont arenne nnd Fourteenth street west. Rcrwecn 31 and S streets north. nt intersection 01' \-er- numt nvenntb HII~ Fo~irtee~~th strert we-t. nt front of 

Martin Lutlir~r'statue. Bt~t\veen 0 ~md I' streets north. nt interserrinn tlf Termi1111 rlrennr rind Thirtwnrli street west. Betvtw~ P nnd (1 streets north. at interwrtim~ of Ver- mom nvenne rund Thirteenth strrcst veit. 

Rtst!veen Twelfth and Thirteenth streets west, nt inter- 

.retion of Vermont klrenne and R street north. 

&.t\veen K nnd i streets west. HI intersertiou (ti 1-tmnont erenue and Twelfth street west. Retwecn Eleventh and T!%-elfth streets Irest. at intcrhectlm of Vt.rmont nrtmle and S street north. 

&tween Tenth nlld Eleventh stret't': west. 111 intei-eetion elf Vermont svenne and Eleventh strert west. Retween S and T streets north. at intrrsrvti~in oi 1.t.r- mont nvcnue and Tenth street west. Retween Sinth and Tenth streets west. mrl T nnr1 r streets north, nt interse~~tion elf Vermmf rlvrnne and 

Tenth street west. Betvec.n Twenty-serond and Twenty-third strerts west. nt interneetic111 of Sew Yorkarenlle and Cstreet north. 

Retween Thirteenth nnd Fourteenth streets west. at intersertion of Kcw Tork nrenlle nnd H street north. 

Betwren Elwenth and T~~elith streets west. ar interw.. 

tion c8i Sew Tork avenue nncl 1 strcct north. 

Between Tenth r~ud Eleventh strrw.: west. at interwetion itf Sew York avenue and I strtLct nwtl~. 

Bet\wen Xinth nncl Tenth strertii west, nt intervrtion 

of KIT York nvml~e anrl 6 street north. 

Hetween Fist h and Ptwwth streets west. at inttmecti~m 

of Kew Tork arenne md A street north. 

Between Fifth nnd Fist11 streets we\t, nt interseetion of 

Sen York nrenrw wnil L street north. 

Retwern Fourthawl Fifth rtreets wwt. 111 inl~rsevti~n of 

Trw York avenue nnrl I, street north. 

Retmren Third nnd F(1ur1l1 strrc3ts west. at intersertion 

Sew Yttrli and Xew Jerwv nrtwnes and 31 street north. 

Retween First nnd Femnd street west. nt intersevtion 111 Svn- York nrenw nnd 31 street north. 

Bctween First street west nnd Knrth Capitol street. nt intenerti(m of Sew Tnrk nwnne and JI *trert north. 

Rerwetw First street enst and Knrth ('npitol street. at intersec.ti~m oi Kerv Turk nrenne nnd S .strecr north. 

Rrt\vrthrr North Cnpitol and Fint strrrt* enst.at inte~eetion of Kew York nrenw nnd 0 street north. 

Between Fir?t nnil Sevond strwts ewt. at junctim of Sew York nnd Florida nvenurs and CI street north. 

Brrwrm Thirrt~enth rinc1TIiirteen-nnd-n-half street? west. at interstvtion nf (~lhiowvenur and C street north. 

R~tween Fifth nnd Sixth streets west. at intenr(.tion of 

Louisiana nvenne nnd D strt-et north. 

Brtwren Third and Fourth streets wet, at inlersec~tion 

of Indinnn nvenlw nnrl I1 strert north. 

Rcmveen First nnd Scrond vtreets west. at intel~e~tinn of 

Indirin~ nrtmne nuci (: street north. 

Rrtrreen F' and (2 strerts north. at interserti~w of Sew 

.lersey nvelille rind Fourth street west. Between Third and Fourth strert.: west, at intersertion 

of New J~wey rlvenne and 0 street n~rrth. 

Between Third and Fourth streets west. at intersection of new Jerpey nrrenue and S street north. 

.it intewection of New Jeney avenue and I street north 

and Second street west. Betaren H nnd I streets north. nt intc~ertion of Sew 

Jersey avenue and I street nnd Serond *tree1 weut. 
Tnipratl,i . . . .......... I 

r!, ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

110.. ... . .... . ...... 

11,#. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

II,k.. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 

IIft ... .. . . . . . ... . . . . 

Trixnclt.. . . . . . . . .. . . . . i 

Gwtirltl rirvit. . . . .. . . .. 

Triii~~ylt.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

111, ................. 

11'6.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

11, ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Trnptm&l . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Irri.. . . . . . ... .. . . . . . 

rh S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Trinnplt.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

I11t ...... ...... .....: 

111). . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . i 

Jk r.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I 

Ih,. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . i

Ih,. . ..... .........., 

Tralwz<\icl .. . . . . . . . . . . .I 

Triimplt,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Ih, ... .... ..... ..... 

Trnpezawl . . . . . . . . . . . . .' 

Ihj.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' 

Trinnglt.. . . . . . ........I 

1111.. .. ... .......... 

Tr~~lwz~hl . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1,in.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Trian~l~.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

TI'~lltmill . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Trianplc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Trnpeznid . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

I~I.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Ih! ....... . ..... .... 

Tri~ingl~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Trapezoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

I 

110. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 

Triangle.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

ih,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
162 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF C'OLrMBIA. 

- - - - - . 

Tmprzoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Trial~glt,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

111, ... .. . . . .. . . . . . . . 

I),,. . . .. . . . . . . . . . - - . 

1111.. . . . . . . ... . .. ..- 

Ihl.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

110 ... ... ...... . . .- 

11e1.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Ih,. ............... 

Ilir ... .. . .. .. . .. .. . 

Ih,.. .. ... .. .. . .... 

IIc, ..... ..........-. 

]I*> ............ ..... I 

1111 .......... ...... 

1lil.. . . . . .. .. . . ...-. 

II<b ................. 8 

Il< t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

II,,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

:lo ... ....... . . ..... 

Tru]wzoiel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

l'rinnglr.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 

1111.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

111,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

I Ill.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

110.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Ihl ... . ..... ... . .... 

1111 ................. 

1I<L .... . ....... . ... 

lhl.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

II<v ................. 

1111.. . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 

1181.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 

11,). . ......... ...... 

I#<>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Ikt.. .. . .. . . . . .. . ... i 

Ill,. . .. ... . ..... .... I 

Iltl.. . . . . . . . . . ......I 

110.. . . . . . . . . . ...... I 

1111.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

lkl.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '

HI-tween Thirteenth wnil Fnnrteenth stret,t. cwt. i~t in- temertiout,f Swth Cnroli~~n avenue nnd H Ltnw ~~orth. Between Fonrteentll lutd Fifteenth street. wit. nt Inter- sevtiou of Sort11 (:itrolina nvennt. nnd H +trrlSt r111rtli. Ht~twrrn Follrtrenth nnrl Fifteenth streets ?art, at inter- ~ertion III Sorth C~~n~linw avenlrt3 ttnd R strt2cSr north. Ret\vren Fiftrtmth nnd Sixrrrntlr rtrrrt* east. at intrr- sec.rion 191 Sort11 Ctlrolini~ nwlllie nnll C trrrt r!~~rtlt. I(t,trr.rctl 'J'mrlftll nlnl Thirterlltlr %fretst, r;l.t. at inter- srvtinn of South C'nrolil~il nvenne nnrl 1' etrwt I<III~~I. 

Hrtween T\r.t4itl1 an11 Thirteenth strtw- wit. at iuter- rec+tioll ~lf sonth ('nn~lil~il nrrnue nnd (' str~.t't wllth. Bt.twrcsl1 S~w~nrl aud Third street% wc-t. ar ir~tcrw.rir~rl tni Gewgin nvenw nnd S strwt sotltl~. Hrtwevu Fiwt nnd St.,.~mrl srrwts \rest. nt illtt.ritvtion of Gtwrgia 11vtw8w 21nd ): street .~olllll. Brtwecm Hill1 i1111l Fir+t ~trt~et* ~ve~t. n i11tt~"twi<111 of l;rorgia ;Irenut, nu11 K ~trret w111tl1. Bet\$-et.11 Sou,lh Cnl~itd and Mali strrt.1.: n-r.1. t11 Illtcr- ser!ion ili (.eorpirt 11vt.ilut. a111iI 12 strrets olltll. Bettvtsrll Xo~ltll t'irpitol and ITrili strtvt. wit. ;rt ir11t.r- swtic~n chi Gmrpin iivvnuc tlnd ti street. y111tl1. 

Bct\vren HnIi ntlrl Fint strwt. rnst. nt Ill tt.~t'i.tir,n of 

<+orpii~ nvrnw nlld I' strtLt2t south. Hetwctm Fimr nnd Swolld str~~~ts twst. tit int~:r.t.~.t~oll oi 

Gwrgi~x ~lvt!nnt. a1141 CI strtst'l ~011th. At intrrrcction of 1;rOrpltl wrrllrlt: wnrl Fllllrtil illlll >trt.ct* r<~trthen.t. .At intt,nt.cati~,n oi (;e,rpiir n~cnnr., S. Fiitli. :I!I<~ l'i111n1 strt~ti ~inlthrast. Betutvn Eighth 11nd Sinth streetsen.1. 11t illr~~r~t~~.ri~~l

(11 

(;?orein nvt31~llt~i:n'l 11 stwet -011th. ~rt\r.c&~ Elevent11 HII~ T~velilh .~lrt.r.ti en.1. it; il~rvrw- tion oi (ieorpin irvcllllt- 1111t1 I< strt'rt 9011th Bzt\vrrn T\velith 111111 Thirtre~~til street. ra1.t. nr inter- sei.tioll of Gt.oIyin A~CIIII~~ nlld li strrt I *011th. Rrtwtyn Twelilh 11m1 Thirteenth rtrret. en.d a! illtcr- w<,tioll (>f Grorain r~\-rnur and 1 stret.t >IWI/I. Rt.frrrtw Ft,urtrrnth nn11 Fi(tetmt1i Ftrrcr. <.:i-r. :I; ilrt#.r- wc8tlnn cbl Grilrgin rlvcmrlc tilld 1; strert <rNltii. Ht~t\r.rt~ Fitti.,vth alltl .~ixteenth rtrrrt. ea..t. tit intm- s~v.tio~~ oi 1;twwin nnd Kent~~(.k\- iiven!lc!- illl~f I; <tree1 ' ?1111111. 15, Xs Retween Sr\-(mtrenti! 11nd Eiphtet~ntll strtw. t-~rt. ill ill- tersn.tio11 of (;rorglt~ nvrlrllr wlld E strret .0111k1. ,472 Ret\reen E:iplitre~~th ~ind Si~~twt'ttth ctrrrt. r;i.t, nl in- ttvwvtiam 13i <;eorgiai n\-ewlle tlnd E strtAvt -11!1Ctl. 

: Retween T\vrlith HIIII Tllirtwntli trt.t.t* vnit. :lt inttsrvt~- 

1 ti,m oi Kc.ntl~vky ~ivvntle nnd I3 .tretBt wwtli. :;.h.%f I BCIII.C~.II Thirtetvth~ln<l FIJIIP~~~CIIIII srrre1.t.n.t. it1 inter- .~.c.liorl (vf Kt~1111li.k\ i~~-~~nlle an4 R ?trt.cl ~,llth. 

2.111; Bt,t\vtwl TIi~rtre~ltl~'nnrl fonrtventh .Ltrrrtu k.;r-t. wi in- 

) tvr-ertion t~i lic,nt~~t.liy ,I\-enw nnd 1) ~tr~,rf -0tltI1. I Bet\rrt>n Fotirternth nn11 Fittrr~lth stret.t* enst. nt inter- srl.ti1111 of Kmtllrky wvenur ~IIII 1) strwt btwth. I.ic2 i Rerwerll Fo~rrterntir au~d Filtt.elllI1 strtWsca*t. 111 intt'rw~~th. 

Hvtwren Fifteenth rtnil sixteenth =trthetc w.1. :it vctim of Iientu~ky i~venuc and H 5trert -~tltI~. Hetwtw, 'hvelilb an11 Tllirlrel~rl~ srwt* en+, rit wction of Ten~le-et.nventlr and R street north. Relwet~n Thirteenth and I:o~~rteenth stret.1.: twht. ter.;ertinn of Ttmlerstv nvenllt' nnd R StrrCt llnrl Between Thirteenth nurl Fo~~rtwnth rtreet* e;i+i. 

interinter 

lit Ill11. 

tit illnort h\vert. 41s Rt-t\l-cw~ Sinth nnA Tenth .treets \veet. nt 111ffr'r.e.f1~111 ~lf 

Vermont nvenlw and V street nortrl. WO Between Sixth rtnd Seventh street': wb~t,it intcr.t.crinl1 

I oi Floridn ttvenllc and T street Ilnrlh. h7O B~.twrn Fonrth nnrl Fifth ctrwt.: \vest. nt interwvtion 

Florida avenue nnd 5 street riortl~. 
APPENDIX (3.-LANDS DEVOTED TO PI'SLIC T'sE. 

T ~HLE ~I.-~<I,.~I~I-I~(~/;~III.* u11111nr OW ~II.IV ;II fl rl~~~l-C'~)~~tint~e~l. 

NIIA IIillt s1rtlrt.i \vr*t. Ht~tKrk91 K i111,l 5 *tre,.t'. UIII[~ at il~tt~rw.li#)l~ 18i -t111th i%pit<J md \Ynter strw%k. Ilrtnren Twclltl~ i~nd Thirtrt.nth s1rrt.r. 1.i1.1. nl IIIII~T- wetion II~ S a1111 \Y~~ter hlrwt+ s~111tIl. B?r\i.rel~ F,,llrtrrntl~ nnrl Piitrenth .fn.?t. rii.1. :it i1111'r- acrtion 111 Kw1t.r strwt nnd JI srrret w~ntli Httarrn P~ftver~th k~r~d .Siztrtmth .tnt2t. 173.1 ar intercr?tinn oi \\'nrcr 4tr1'rt nnll 1. .tr~(.t ~011th 

Total numbrr oi 1111 n~i~~or rtwnxtion* ........................................................ 801 .................................................... - -I'otnl mtw of 1111 njinor re~rr'i-ittion.. .il(.r~.-. ltili. !I:; 

Tt,tul nrett .......................................................... .. frer from buildings.. '10.. 11;1.1:1 
164 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

('LASS 33.-LARGE PARKS. 

CESTR.41. (iIZOV1'. 

[A dnppe: I tl indicnteq c.nntrol 11y the Joint (!ommittce on the Lil~rnry: n double dngger (1) indirnte. 

contrt4 hy the Depnrtnlmt of hgricr~ltnrr: 1111 nthtw nrr undcr control of thc Sl~],erll~tenAent oi 1'1118Ii1~ Bniklings 011d (+r~m~)ds.l 

I'rrsidrr~t'n I'nrk 1 

(Whit,, Lot I. 

Hctwrrw R street nortl~ anll B strt'et SIHI~JI. Firvt strtw otst nud First street west. 

Between I'en~~rylraniz~ andJlnrylnnd er<.nue*. rind 

First and Thin1 streets west. Htat\vre~~ 3lissmiri and 1Ini11e ~~rt'nneh. nnd Third 

wnd Sixth streets wwt. Rrtmeen H strert n~rth and R street sonth. nud 

Sixth and Yerenth street west. Orc~~pirrl in

part by the I'en~~srlranis Railroad Compnny awl 

the Fish ('nn~mi&~n. 

Hrtwetm R street n~n'th nnd R street sorlth. 8erentl1 

nu11 Twelfth stwets west. Occnpird I)?. tl~t 

Smithwninn Institnti~m, the Sntioml Mnsenn~. 

nnd Army Medi~wl Xlwcum. 

Bet~vren H street north ant1 B street smth. and 

Twelfth and Fl~urteenth fitreets Iveut. Ovct~pied 

11y tht. Agricwltrlml hpnrtment. 

Betwren H .;meet rronh nnrl R Ptret,t south and 1s)- tomw I'nrk. nnd F(#urtetanth street wt..;t nnd Fish 

('ommirsinn grounds. Ret\vt.cn B street north and Pot~)nlnc. Park. Xon11- nwnt pronml~ and l'otoma~* Pnrk. 01~crlpied 1,). 

the briwlir~g pn11d.i of the Fish ('ommiasion. 

Rt~tmtv'n \Vhitc Horiscgrnunrl~ and R stretst 1l~rth. 

t~nd Fifteenthutlct Ycrcnteenth strertsn~rthwest. 

Totnl of ~.cntntl .......... MU. I Y.KY 

. ,541 Hetwven I'enn*ylrnnin avenue northwest. and 

I'resident's I'nrk nnil Trenwry hnilding and 

StateL. War, and Xitry hnilding. These grounds nrc cwrurwd hy thv \Vhite HO~YP nnd its row 

Totnl nnmber oi reserrations in centrnl group .................................................. 11) 

Total nrar II~ reaerretions in ccntn~l group.. ............................................ .ncres.. 366.W 

Tntnl erw fret. fr~~rn lwildin~s ............................................................ do.. .. B.56.21 

hrrrnae kize.. ............................................................................ .<I<,. ... 36. lgi 

J'OTOM.\( l'.\I<K. 

Prewnttlrr~ ............................................................................ ncrrs.. i:?!I.d 

CICSTK.\L lvRO1~1'. 

Present area ............................................................................ .a~r~n.. - 364 1; 

Total nree ........................................................... .. Inrue ~utrk. do.. 2,#1.:' 
APPENDIX G.-LANDS DETOTED TO T'I'BLIC VSF.. LA5 

Same 

- ~ 

1 

Almshouse ....... .....I 

32ilitary cemetery. .... Nunicipal horpi 1 n l grnonds. 

* 018 Snral Ohservn- tnry~now Snval Xu- scum of Hygiene I. 

Reform Pchtml ........ 

.\ new ritt. Enr the llirtrict nlmdmuur revently purt,ha~e,l at the sontheru end oi the I)istrivt, on thr Anti~t~st~~t side. ailjnvent to th~ United .State* pw!-dur mngitzi~~<. It tnxtcndr in~m tl~r Iji-rrirt liuu to rhr groun11. <ti tl~e jmvder nitlpnzine. trnd inrm llillrl Enple Hill t,, tlrr shorr line nenr Shepherd. Lnndinp. Five-sixt11.e oi thiq nren :rrc eitl~er flnt or I+ vtw gcatlc 401~. UTI~ tlrr renl~illdrr i.on 21 steep hillsid; that ir11.ln4e- pnrt oi the pro mcrd *t~t.lnht-rd 1,nrlrwa~. A ~VINKI~,~ t,ilit;>,l III~~~~II~IIK t11e rkrivi11~ reservoir. nrnr tl~c UPI~~II <~orI~,~r oi tht, I)i%tri?t. 

.\ 1w1--I!-inp tnwt ~.~)ntnininp th~. C-. 5. pwwler nlapnzinr. on the rhr~n, of the I'nttirni~r. nwr tilt* 11t.w trl111411,11.e 

prr~und.- nl~rl the rumthwn point II~ the Ilirtrirl. A pnrtinlly rlrveloperl travt. with >I itw gwni trrcr, lying t~efween S1nt~1eenthrtrecl ea.tilnd tIle.4nrltoitinKivrr. ~u~~uy,ir~l I)!- the almhmw mil jail. Tht, brrntfir i. 11, 

1)t' rtmnveil. Thest. pro1111dr will he rmzscd Iry the pr1)- ~IJW~ vstension iri J1~1sw1~hurt~tt.lvrnue. A p<~rrirm rr~n~l~l 11c owupird It!- thr pn~posrrl A~~avc~-ti,~ I'nrk. .\ !voided trwt 11art1i ni Fle~ricln ~VV~IIIP on thr lint. ni 

Eightll vtrrct vast. It. csrrcmt. northrrl!- twd wm~lrl inrm pnrt oi the 11rop,wd Iwlr pnrk .s~stem. .4 hill!-. x~-oodtd trwt III~ the w*tt~n 'I)nnk ni the .inn- utstin 1:ivt.r. nverln~tkinp the f'ot~~mac IIII~ tl~r vity. An nn~wltivntcrl trm l!-in~ inimrd~i~tel!- wt-t oi 1;iri- la~n~ r,,w~l. 

IJistriln~ti~~p reservoir ....... tX 

Reservation with wntrrpnte 3. 1 

and p~nmp. 110.. ..................... 2.33 110.. ..................... .Y4 

(:eorgeto~vr~ reriervoir ....... ]..%I Hnxvnrd Cniversi ty rrst.n-oir F7. XI 

Filter ........................ :{I 

oi Ifnunrlry Rrnnrh. Cln Potnmac Wivrr near ('tmduit n%i~l SIII~I Srrr 1'111 ronii. HW littlr land nlmut it. In Folindry Hntnvh Vallt.!-. 

Rock Cretak Vallr\- ncsr JIa~sn~.huhettr nvenlli.. 

Wnrhingt~n ~eipi~ti new Eightrenth *trrtit. Thirtr-senmd and I. .-treet.. Littltgnlnnd a1o1111d it. 

Rettr.&n I;oldierc' Hnmc pronnd. ~tnd Howard 1-llirrrsitg. 

- - - -. . - 

Total numher of pounds 2.5 ...................................................................... 

Total arrn ........................................................................... .*(.rt.*. . 2.495,4' 

Total .......................................................... ... area frre frnm huildinps d". 2.4;:<.4:3 .......................................................... .. Average size ............... :. .do.. !W. ti1 

Total area ...................................................... .. iu rlaaa~s A. B, and (. .do.. .i..iU. I;< 

.................................................... .. Total usually ripen to pul)lic.. ..I~II.. I. 1VS.5 
Fort Ilnpcnlt.. .............. 24. 

F<!rt H(1w11rr1 ................ :i. 7 Fort Ilt~han ................. 5:. l Yeridinn Hill ............... 

Ft~rt Slernnier ............. 19. :; Fort Ytrulton ................ I+. I 

Fort Steren~.. ............... 12.5 Tenley Circ,l,, ... I;. I 

Fort Thuyrr ................. 11.0 Fort Tnttrn. ................. 47.7 

Analnnritn Islr~nd. ........... Monnt Hnmilrcn~ F'nrk.. ..... 

Fort Krnibl' ............... Pntterron I'nrli .............. Fort Ktw,, .................. 

..I,,,? 8. 

Hn~vnrd rnirt.r*iry Ktw,r- h.1 011 veslvrly si,lt> (ti Hcnva~r~l l~~iir<wit!- Rtwwoir. 11tm11- 

roir. wrct I thrt.? sn~nll piirwl. ). 

i lld Snv111 Obrrrrt~tory.. .... ]\I. ;: 

Addiem' Home or fi1tc.r 1% h 011 wt..tcrly sidc oi old Snrnl Ol~~ervnrtrr!.. n0rtll~ ,.*I. 

pronndr. (,n .,,lltht.rly rll(l ,<ol,tier?' Hgunr prolinrl.. r.;14 oi tiltw Wa~hinpton Bnrr;wli~ ....... - 

:I 2 gr~nllld~. 11nrt11t'1l~t. ,v~,.[,.~]!- ~i(1~. ,111il wu~tl~rrlv t~11~1 ,til!~n~11in&'Io11 H;irrnl~k-. 

Tout1 r~rtw ............. 70. I 

- - - -- - - 

Total area in c.larre. A, H, an11 <'. ill agws. 2,141.4. 

11;: 
168 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COI.I~MHIA. 

Broad Hrnlwh pnrkwny ..... 

Eckingtnn park\vny ......... Georgdown pttrkw~y ....... 

Mount Hnlnilton parkway .. Piney Bnlnvh parkway.. .... 

I'nttnnn~. f'nliwks .......... 

Quays ....................... 

Rirvrsidv ~lrirt.. ............. 

Rork Creck pnrkway. ....... Snvannnh pnrkwsy ......... 

Shepherd ~mrkway .......... 

Soapstom. Creek pnrkwav.. . ,Soldier*' Hnmr pnrkw~y'. ... 

Pti~:~lifoot ('rct~k pnrkwsy.. .. 

From Tenlevtown to Rrwk Creek Perk ria Furr Rrnt, Reservoir nnd had Branch Vnlle~.. nortl;\vest. 

From Soldiem' IIonw to Paltt%on eqtatt.. northenst 

From I{c~ck Creek, at Massnchu~etts tIvenne, to Foundry Brook Valley. northwest. 

Prom Patterson estate to Mount Hamilton. northeast. 

From ~ontl~rrn ed of Rnck Creek Park to Seventh .trtaet rond at Mnniripnl Hospit~l prnund~, northwest. 

From Foundry Rrnok Vnllcy, along the Potomev River. tc, 

District line. northw?st. 

Rock ('reek mouth to >IaII, nnrth~ve~t: Mall ~II Washington hnrrncks, ~uth~vest: \Vnshinptm harra(.ks to Savy-Ynrrl, southwest and s~~ntlie~st: S;rvy-Ynrd t,, Jlacsn~hneetts nrc- nue. and returning on eartern side of dnnroqtia liiver to Gir~luwo Point. sonthenst. 

From Glesl~orn I'oint t~> I'nited State.: Powder Ht~gszinr, nnrt from IJn\vder Jlagazinr to Distrivt line, southcn.t. Fmm Zoolo~.iraI Park t~, Potomnc Riwr. nm-th~re't. Fmm Municinal Hosnital ~rollllds tn n~rthern end oi Soldiers' ~omi yrol~~~d;. northwest. 2.7 1 Frnm pronndr of tiorernment Hospital lor the Insane ro Bald 

Engle Hill, near site for ncw .%lnrshouse. southeast. Fnm Tenlertmvn to Rock Creek Ynrk, northwest. 

From Rnrk creek Church nmd along easterly side of Soldirrs' 

Home to Michigan avenue, northenst. 

Fnun Anacostiu River to Hamilton road. ~niltht!a~t 

::I , :+(I 

TI, which n111)- t)r added streets and nrennes which 

should 1~. widenrd And 

r~arkerl tu i<wm ndemute 1 

~~onncrtion*: . , 

Fort driw ............ 17. Frnm Rock C'reek. at ?Jilitary rnad. followinp the chni~~ II~ 

c,ld fort.; to hnarostia River. nnd irnm Anac~~stia Kiv~r. 

idlcnri~rp thtl fort. 011 th~. ridge. tqt ~;orrnlnlc~nt H?.;pitul 

for the Insnne. Pf~~rn Ridge rnnd to Trnl~y!orvn. nnrlh\vest. 

Froru Tcnleytrsw~r to rer.el\.lnp rrwrroir. nurtl~wrsl. 
PARKS. 

I. To extent1 the park at it? r~dwrly end t~) thr nearest ~treet ar laid out 

or] the highway-extension planpa strip of lantl ie needed This land i.s a steel) 

hillside facing t11r ]lark an11 ha* lwen 11c.rupie11 in part I)!- a ~.twleter!-. It 

inlrnetliately ~werlookr -1dan1r Mill road. IIlle of the pri~~c.i~~al entranc.e-11rive~ 

of the ]lark. 

Area of above prol111sel1 a~lclition (at~ont ) ........................... .acres-. 5 

2. .It the mntheapterly si~le. Iterinning at thr .i~lat~ir 3Iill road awl estentlilly along the wegterly rlol~e~~f Lanier Heights to Iin~eww ;rvtAnne, lies a rtril~ 

of 1~11~1 that is nwle(i in order to 11ut nnlkr cmntrol (IT the park authrritirr a 

steep I~illeiclt~ I.~IIW to the (.reek. frr~t~~ which in 1)larer fragn~ent:: are (.onstantly rolling tlrwn into tl~p .lark t(8 the great tlat~p~ IS^ at~it~~al:: an11 visit~irs. 

It ii;, nloreover. very intimately a ]kart of the parkr c.entbry. a1111 it-. 11rvrli~~~- 

nlent for l~rivatr pnrlmst. \r.~~nltl 11e a great injury. The line rrc.on~n~et~rled 

voincidri; with the nearest Utreet of the higl~way-estrnri~~~~ jlan and wnnltl 

n~akr it 11o~~il1le to ~~r~~vidr a IIVK 11ark entral~t.e tn take tl~r 11lat.r of Old 

Qnarry road. 

:I. At tlw \I-esterly ::ilk of the park there is a c~mrideml>le arm 1)~tween (:II~- 

nectic-ut avenne an11 the present l~,)nn~lary. Yorth of Cathedral avenue thi. 

is too narrow to allow a ~louble row II~ lot*. and if no iurther action i- takt.11 

the frontage of the. ),ark for 1.000 feet on r~ch sitle of the main entra11c.e will 

be upon x nl\v of 1)avk yardi;. Ow II~ two thing.* rhonld lw done: Either ti) 

tali(. the w-l~ole trwt and hring the lrark irontaw ont to C~~nnec~tic.nt a\.enue. 

or to pr~vide for a nrw street pxrallel with C:~~nnecticut a\-rnrle at111 al~ortt 400 

fret away iron1 it extrncling fnun C'xthetir~I avenne to Klincle Ftnl Valley. 

and to ell off the small stri11 (of 11ark land Iyinr outside the street. The 

first noul11 Iw the Inore dign~fierl and 1leuim1)le trwtn~c~nt. l~tt a. the land ~ior* 

not form an rswntial part of an? ~vark landic;i[~r thr rec~~rld w~-l,nl~l Iw Iwrfed>- reauonal~le, and, In vien of tht. higl~ p~iw I)!' tltr lot. fat-ing Im the a\-?- 

nue, perhap-, the wiuer tbonrw. If the w.onrl altrrnative i* arlolrte~l, ho\vr\er. 

it iu essential that polne acltlitional land .I~rul~l lw taken at tl~c. entwn(.e ill 

oriler ti) gi\vit greater dignit!. In ritl~er caw it \\oul~l Iw tlr-iral~le to rrcnrr 

the low land in the Klinglr \'alley adjacent to the ],ark for the Iwttrr pnbte(.- 

twn of ita I)orders, and in onier to pro\ ide for the t.c~natrur.tion of a roar1 le:ulThe area of the \vhcsle trat.t in ~~ursti~m i- (al~out 1 .................. .ilcres.. 1'1.6 

The park area which \vonld he soltl if the +ec.trntl project were atlol)te~l iabout 7.06 acvrep, and the area to Iw ac.quirei1 in Klinclr Valley almlt 11.5 

acres. - 

Total .......... area in acres of proposed addition to Zoological Park.. 33.0 

Total .................. area in acres oi Zoological Park ar increased.. 70:X 0 

Itif) 
170 PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLVMBIA. 

KO('K CREEK P.IKK. 

East Wlt . 

1. TI) rectify the Iwumlary 1)etween Rock C'rtvk Park and tile small ~IIdivi-mn at the vorner of Klinple Ford road and Park road so a. tl~ pernlit thr 

co~istrurtion of a ln~undary ctreet it i~ necessary t11 take -111~11 11ie(w fnun the 

rear of thl. wl~li\ ision. A I~ol~ndaryoad l~ilt at thi- p~iiit 13 oultl foll~jw 

thta 1w4t of the ctrep hillside and furnib11 a \iea into the 1a1le.v of tlrr creek 

100 feet lwlou. withnut letting the pri\atr la1111 intrude into the lanclsc.ape. 

Area of alw\ e ~wol~osed a~ldition. ................................. .ac0ren.. 

2. Betneen the sooth\\e-terly cwner of Blakden eqtate ancl Rock ('reek 

Park x triangular 11iec.e should \w taken to t..rtentl the park at this mint to 

the neare~t street of the hirthtva>--esten-~o~l 11lan 

Area of a1)ove prol~)sed atlditic~n (ahont) .......................... -ac.re*. . 

3. Between the southerly en11 of Colomtlr~ avennc, an inll~roven~rnt 110~. 

under c-t~n~truc.tion, ant1 Kla,stlen JIill road. w11ic.h is no\v the ~jark l~ounqlary. 

lies a strip of lanll which rhor~ld Iw alllletl to the ~~arli, rot only in ortler that 

the lw-k may Iw l.)rought to C~~lorado avenue, \vhic.h will I~econre one of tlrr 

primipal park wtrm(*r.s, 1n1t to inclndv a liig11, stt~j) ri(lge now private property I~ut iorniing one ~ide of the gorge of Rock ('reek. The ])rerent lmm(lary 

is within 250 feet of the etrram. 

Area of a1~1vr propose~l atldition (a11out) .......................... .m.rr.*.. 

4. Fro111 the reservoirs nrar Blagden Nil1 nml to thr northern li~liit of the 

park Sixteenth street. when estendrd, sl~onl~l form the 11ark.s eastern I~oundary, a. ha. )wen c~onteniplate~l fn)m the 1)eginning. Tile de?;iral~ility ofIringing the park continnonrly to Sixteenth street is ro ol~vions ar a matter of 

clipnit!- a- to ~ieetl no arpnrnent. 1)nt it may lw saitl, in additi~m, that nlany of 

tlle ~'iecw in question arc a1.t-1 re!lnisite tt~ pr~~tect the 1antlscal)e of the cslley fnvn thr intrusion ~i 1)uilclingv. The lantl:: rc.quired are a? follow^: 

Co~ill~ined area of fourteen 11iec.e~ lwtwrcw thr rcs~r\.oir.* and Rock Creek Ford 

road acres.. 

Coml~intvl area of t\vo pieces in~nlediately north c~f X11c.k C'rrek Ford road, 

acws ................................................................. 

-1rc.a of tile single piec'e I~et\~eel~ the foregoins group am1 the northern liniit 

oftl~v park ..................................................... acres.. 

Area oi thr ~)iwr at tlw northra~tc.rn (v~rner of the park \al)out) ...... (lo.. .. 

.Yort11 1,11rI. 

5. The northern liluit of the ])ark slroul~l 1w estenrlecl to tilt, recently constrnrtrrl roall. the 11orition of whic.11 war fixed 11y the rhalje and slope of the 

hill.. 

Area of tllr reqnirt~lxncl ....................................... ..acres.. 

Ili.nt sirlr.. 

6. Sear the nortllern end of I)anieI's road a c~onsi~lrral~le tract of private 

lam1 juts into the park. It \vav originally intended to include this land, and 

it war rmitterl only on acv.ount (~f lark of fumls. It.2 acquisition is rertainly 

tlesiral.de, hut ar it cloer; not for111 an essential part of any important park 

lantlrca~w N rea.sonal)le lwrmtlary street could lw devisetl a.11ic.h m-onhl exclude 

the greater ]#art of it, topether with sonle of the adjacent park land to the 

sonth. It dcw not, theref~lrr, fall in the pallle class with the other esrential 

adtlitiow pnqmecl. 

Area of thr whole tmrt .......................................... .acres-. 

Leaet area wliirh wanl~l pruvitle for a suital~le l~ounrlary street (al)r~ut\. .d(~.. . 
7. Fro111 tlw point wlwrr Rroatl Branch roa~l joit~i tlir ],ark III Soal~rro~rr 

Crwk :I 1ru1wwl strret oi the Irighway-t~sten.~io~~ rystrnr f~~ll~,\v+ tl~e.cqy.st 

of steel, ldlsides which overlook the 1,ark I~oun~lary in tire vallry l,elo\\-, 

now tletinrd l)!.Hroa(l Branch roa(l. The rtril~of Ian11 Iwtwrrlr tht~lilttt~ra~r~l 

the Irigh\vay-rsterwitnr row1 ii t-s.*ential to the 11rwt!rvati011 of tlie l~t,ar~tiir~l 

aceneryoi Bnmd Branch Yallryatrtl tlrr ~~pl)rwitr lrillridt~alrea~ly ~~urcl~ase~l. 

It is, lrlortAovrr, (III acf.~unt of its estrrntta ~teepnrw vrry ill aclapt~11 to 

private dr\-rlnpruent. 

;\I-ea I d this 11ir1'e jal)ont i ...................................... -acre*. . :<$ 

X. In thr region of Pierce's 111ill. and 1111rth to Soalstone C:rrvk, arr ?,n,a~l 

hillritlr~ rieinc frtm~ 1lo1-k ('rrrk ~II a l~eak 220 fwt al~ovr it XINI :j(M yads 

away, 91111~s lretweel~ tl~r~r~ ancl tl~r l~rtwr~t I~irunelar!- of tl~r 1)ark. Tlrk 

sl~ool~l lw take11 l~rcaure t~i thy rstrtmr narrownrr. II~ tht. 11:ir.k at tlrir ~roint 

an11 I~e~~;~nieth~~~~ha~(-trr of tlrr la1111 ~r~akw it acwall~ lmrt ~,i the ],ark la1111- 

walw, If it rv111ai11.~ ~II 11rivatt. 1ra111ls awl i+ ow11pir(1 11y Irnil~li~rp awl 

stret+, tl~rse will 11r to all irrte~~tr allel JIII~~III~~~ ni IIIIIV~I \vithin tlw [bark as 

if rrwtt241 4~ tlw lane1 alrtwiy 11ougirt i,~r ])ark lmrlt,w<. 

iirra of this 11ir1.r (al~ont I .................................... ..at.re$.. !IS 

(*. -It the +~~~~tl~wr.~ttm el111 the 1)ark. a1111 1111 ~IIV 0111 Kli~r& tat^. a 

m~all 11iec.t. '~i lami rl~o~~l~l lw taken in or~lrr that tlrr 11<11r111lary or' the park 

may I1t2 I~rought tll tlw ~~t'~,l)osrtl strert thr irisl~\vwy-rstei~iit~r~ sytm~. 

Area of this 11irc't.-. ............................................. .HIW.. . - .I( I 




Agriculture, Department of, 13. 43, ri5; l~nilding for, 9; experiment ntatione of, 144. 

Allen, Lieut. ('nl. Charleq J., Corpq of Engineerc. I-. S. -4.. 5fi, 10:; rrj~trrt of. on 

.\naco~tia flats. 106. 

Al~nehou~e farn~. 113. 

American Institute of .\rc+~iterth alqwintt. a vonmittee on leg~slat~on and recnm- 

 mend^ niemher~ of Park ('omnli~~inn, S. 

Amsterdam, plan of, 12. 

Snacoetia e~nbanknlent, 115. 

Anaco~tia flats, 11. 

dnacoetia, relation of dan~ to ti(la1 &(,our. 1%. 

Bnacostia wxtion, 113. 

dnaroptia Park. proposed trratnlmt of. 105. 1:;:3-1:3.i. 

Anahtan I~lan(1, 55, 5;. 

Aqueduct Bridge, 99. 

-4rc de Trion~pl~e dl'ktoile. Park 45. 

Arlington, propo~ed treatment of, 51. Xi, 5H, 59, I22 

Arnold ah ore tun^, Boston. 1-1::. 

Attorney-General refer? to Park ('ommic~ion In annual rf~port. I:?. 

Barher, Otto H , drawinp of. 123, 150. 

Rawn, Mr., 123. 

Baer, Mr., 123. 

Bald Eagle Point, 11-1. 

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 15, 29: 3Ietrop11litan Branch 01, 102. 103. 

Raltimore and Potomac Railroad. oc*cupation of Mall 1jy. 14, 2FI. -1:;. 

Bathing lwarh, ITad~inpton, 28. 

Bathinp places, puhlic, 125. 

Batteries, I'arrott, 97: Hickett~, 112; \-ernlont, 94. 

Beach Drive, 88. 

Berlin, 26. 

Binpham. Col. Theodore A , Corpu of Engineers, I-. S. .L, officer 111 rharre (nf pul+ 

lic buildinp and ground.; hi. plans for the extenfiion of the IVhite Hon\e. rid. 

Bladensburg road, 103. 

Blum, Robert, drawings of, 13,149, 160. 

Boi, de Hologne, Paris, 51. 

Boston Metrnpolitan Park Commie-ion, 28, 127. 

Botanical collections, de~iraldty of, 1-15. 

Botanic Garden, the, 87, 41, 4% 

Broad Branch parkway, 92. 

Brookline, Mass.. public hath~ at, 128. 

Brown, (Slenn, his hiptory of thr Capitol, 37, 

Buck, L. L., plans of, for Memorial Bridge, W. 

Budapwt, 16, 26, 70, 83. 

P. Rep IF#-20 
174 INDEX. 

Bumham, Daniel H., pre~ident Park Cornmimion, 8, 9, 13, 41. 123; architect railroad 

stations at Pittshurg and Washington, 15. 

Burr, Prof. IT. H., plans of, for Memorial Bridge, 56. 

Bushy Park, England, 45. 

Butler, Mr., 123. 

Cabin John Bridge, $6. 

Capitol, the rnitrd States. 12. '3:; rxten-ion of, 24: hwatiam of, 37. 47. 

Carlsruhe, plan of, 1'3. 

Carnegie Library, Wmhington, 70. 

Cassatt, A. J., president Penn~plrania Railroad. consent- to withdraw tracks from 

Mall, 15. 

Cemeteries, character of modern. 5h. 

Center Market, Washington, 69. 

Central Park, Il't?~ Tork, 45, 103. 

Chapn~an, Carlton T., drawings of. 123, 150. 

Chesapeake Bay, 25. 

Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, 84. 

Chery Chase, the suburh of, 91. 

Chief of Engineers, IT. S. A,, 18, 25. 

Coaet and Geodetic Survey, topographical map of thr Diatrict of C'oluml>ia, 16. 7;. 

Columbia Institution for Deaf and Duml), 102, 11:;. 

Commerce, Department of, 64. 

Commi~sioners of the District of Columbia refer to thr Park C'ommiqeion in annual 

report, 13. 

CompiGgne, palarr of, France, 45. 

Conduit road, 95. 

Congrec.~ prank Nail site to Baltimore and Potomac Railroad. 1.5 

Congress house, name for Capitol, 3.5. 

Connecticut avenue bridge, 11. 

Constantine, arch of, 30. 

Continental Congress votes statues, 35. 

Cnrcoran Gallery of Art, 18, 29. 

Gorp of Engineers. r. S. A.. 14. 

Cox, William IT., &?. 

Crow, Mr., his work on TTashin@on plans, 123. 

Cullom, Senator Shelby >I., hi* \ill for Lincoln Menlorial, 52. 

Curtis, (ieorge Carroll, geographical sculptor, model. made by, 17. 1'33,149. 

DeGemdoTff, George, his u ork on Waehington plan*, 123,148. 

Didric~t of Columbia militia, 29,70. 

District of Columbia, Senate Committee on, memhem of, 2. 

District of Columbia, rentennial celebration of the remoral of the peat of govern 

rnent to, 7. 

District of Columbia, desirability of comprehensire plan for, 7; list of lands in. 

devoted to public use, 155-165; list of proposed additions to park systern of, 167- 

171; park system under control of C'hirf of Engineel-.. 1X; topopaphicxl featureof, 14, i5; courts of, 70. 

Dodge, Gen. Grenrille JI., nienrlw (+rant Me~uorial Conlrnis~ion, 41. 

Douglas, E. A, 123. 

Duncklee, John B., letter of. relative to the proposed trratment of hnaroqtla Park 

133-135. 

Eckington parkway, 101. 

Ellicott, Major, lnakes surrey ior the city of Wa-hington, 2.5. 

Elliott, Mr., work of, 123. 

Elms, useof in Mall, 45. 

Engineer school of appliration, 117. 
INDEX. 

Evening Star, Washington, 14. 

Executive Department*, grouping of 1)uildinp of. 28, 63. 

Fillmore, Pre~ident, exten-ion of Capitol under hi< rharge, 37. 

Fisheries Cornmis~ion l)uildinp, 44. 

Fontainehleau, Chatrau of, Trance, 45,5l. 

Forts, Albanj-, 121; Raker, 112; Rnnker Hill, 111; <'ha~~lin. 112. 1)arir. 112: 1)u Pont, 

112; Cirrhle, 112; Kemhle Park, '47; Mahan. 112; Myr, 58: Prel~le, 114: Reno. 91 ; 

Sedgwick, 112; Slemmer. 111: Stanton, 112, Stc2vrnu, 11 1 ; Tlial rr. 111 : Totten. 111. 

Fort Driw, the, 111. 

Fort Ikno Park. 93. 

Forum, The, Rome, 27. 

Foundry Bmnch of Kovk Creek, 07. 

Frankfort, Gernlany. ~~lan of, 12,ZCi. 

French, Danirl Chester, scul~tr~r, meniber of thr rant SIrmor~al jury. 41. 

Gage, Lyman J., Secretary of the Treasar!, 5. 

Ci-aillard, Capt. D. D , C'orp- Enpneer~ T. b \.. 56. 

tiallager, Perrival, dm\\ inp of, 123,147 

(+allagber, sear^, drawing+ of. 123, 14;. 

Gallinger, Senator Jaroh H., uleniher hut)c*o~nl~~~tter 1111 Ikb- Inre~tl~dtlon. ](I. 

(+arclen of the Tuilleriei, Park, 4.5. 

(+orgetown park<, 97. 

(~eorgetow~i. .5h. 

(ieorgeton n College, 97. 

Georgetown Harbor, %4, 86. 

(+orgetown Oh*ervator!. 97. 

Gtthens, Mr.. work of, 123. 

Cileqhoro parkwa? . 114. 

(;ovrrnnient Hoqpital B)r the Inrane, 105.11:;. 

(haham, C'harlec, drawing. of. I?:!. 147. 

(+rant nlemrrrial ve crlxr~ I-n~on eqoitre), 41: loration II~, 4.'. 

Great Falls of the Potomac. 17, 96 

(herin, Julep. dra\r inp of, 123, 149, 1.50 

Hains, Col. Peter, Corppof Engineer-, I-. *. A., rcdlv~rtkot, In tav#~rt~t' Mell~orlal Ihlg~, 

,55, 121. 

Hall of Recortl~, 3. 

Hampton Conrt, England, 51. 

Harewood roatl, 100. 

Harmon, Xr.. uork of. 123. 

Hatfield Houw, neat of the JIarqok of SaI~-bnr\, 4.5. 

Hill, Jameu G., mtw~ber of the Memorial Britlpr jnr! . .?ti. 

FIillside Reservation, 11 3. 

Hoban, James, architect of V7hite Houar, 63 

Hoppin, I?. L., drawings of, 123, 148. 

House of Representat~res, oflire hnilding for, 35. 

Howard Park, 101. 

Howard biverity, 101. 

Hnward University rwervoir, 101. 

Hutton, Willianl R.. competitor for Memorial Erid~c plan-, 56. 

Inauguration of Presiclmt, accommodation^ for, 70. 

Interior, Department of the, 64, TO. 

James River, 25. 

Jeffewon, Thoma& eupen-ises plan of Washington, l?, lq. _".5,26. 

Johnson, Mr., drawinp of, 123. 

Justice, Department of, 64. 
176 INDEX. 

Kaiser, C. S., drau-ings of, 12% 

Laugdon, James (;., in charge of the drafting of maps for Park C'ommikm, 123. 

L'Enfaut. Maj. Peter Charle~, 12,13,25,26,35, 36,35,39: hi* plan of the 3lall, 43; his 

plan of Washinpton. 10.11; cwtody of plan, 2.5; invasions of plan, 9, 39; use of 

water shown in plan, 28. 

Leni~tre, hndrc', Frenc.11 Ian~l~cal~e architect, 12. 2.5, 27. 

Lihary <~f Congrew, 17.18, 3X, 39. 

Lilicoln a\ enue, 101. 

Lincoln Jlenlorial, 51, .i7. 83; ac.tion oi C'ongrew on, ,i2. 

Little Riwr, 5.5. 

London, 13,25,26, 57. 

Long Bridp, 7 17. 

Lopez, C'harlea A , 41. 

Louvre, palare of, 45. 

MrCarter, Henry. (Iran ing* of, 12:;. 149, 1.50. 

3lcCleary, Hon. Tame. T., nwu~lw ofLinc*oln 3Ien1orial Con~lnisric~n. 52 

1\IcKinl, Charles I.'., n~en~l~rr of I'ark ('on~nlisnion. h, 1:3,41: plan* IYliite Ht~u.;r retoration. 6.5, 73. 

JIrKinley, Presidnlt 11-illian~, urges buililiny Nen~or~al Hr~dpe, 55. 

Illcl\Iilla~l, Senator .Jan~e~, report of. on park systen~ of the Distri~t of Clolu1111)ia to 

Senate. 7; state* Dirtrid of Colu~ut~ia prohler~~ toI'ark Co~n~nis~i(~n, 10. 

Mall, the, 10. 29.35; changes in, 23; de\elopn~ent of, 17; prolwetl !)Ian fir, 4::. 

AIargaretten-Insel, Rutlapest, 118. 

Market, propoped cbharavter of, SO. 

hlartin, Senator Thoma.; S., n~e~nlwr hutwon~niittee IUI I'itrk Plan-, lo. 

3Ia~uachuwtts avenue I>rid,oe, 11. 

Nemorial Bridge, 51, 5.5, I??, prq)aration of plans for, 5b. I~~.~IIIIII~~I~~~I~IIW 11i I'ark 

Cin~lnli~~ion ~~n(wning, 56; action of Senate on, 35. 

Alerritt, JIaj. Gen. 1Te.iley >I., nle~n)~er of the (;rant 11Ientc1rlal jnr?. 41. 

Merz, Mr., derign~ nrotlel of nlonu~uent gartien, 17. 123. 

Michigan avenue. 101. 

Milan, plan of, 12. 

%lilitary nmd, X8. 

IIiller, Burr C , 41 

Jlino~ rrw-rations, treatment of, 5Y. 

&lorrib, 31r.. 123. 

JIorriwn, George S., engineer. 3;. 

JIount Hamilton Park, 10:L 

JIount Hamilton parka ay, 10':. 

3lount Olivet C'en~etery, 103. 

Mount Vernon, 17, 121. 

Mount \'er~ion Aesoc.iation. 12. 

Mo~int \-ernon road, 121. 

nlundy, Mr., 123. 

3Iunicipal building, 29, 69; location of, 70. 

Mnnicipal Ho~pital, 99. 

Sational Moqeunl, 44. 

Eational Zoological Park, establirhruent of, 10. 

Sara1 ()l-)~erwtory, 56, US; ground# of, 9s. 

Sebraska avenue, 92. 

Sew Cut road, 95. 

Sen Tork City, 75: )~otanival gardrn in, 143. 

Tichols avenue, 11% 

Siehaus, Charle? Henry, 41; c.harac.ter of hi. work on design for (;rant hlentorial, 42. 
INDEX. 

Xorth Capitol street, opportunity for trillnlphal arch on, 101. 

Officer in t-harp of pul)lic. 1)uildinr~ and prnunds, 14. 

Old Hadley. JIassarhuwtts, 45. 

Oltn~ted~ Frederick Law, jr.. n~en~l wr I ~i Park C:tnnmissinn. S, 13. 13. 

Orlrans, plan of, 72. 

Outhet, R. ;I., work of. 011 ]lark ~hn~. I?:%. 

Pantheo11, proposed, .in. 

Pa&; 12. 15. 28, 70, 77, 8:;. 

Park C'onltni+sion aplrointerl, S: prol)leln statell tt~. 10: 1-id to Euro])e, 15: conlllrrhensivr c.l~arac-ter of plans of, 16; cnnsultrd as tl) architect for Drpartluent 1)i 

Agricvltnrr 1)niltling. 1::: rrl~ort of, '73: rrcomunendation I ~i ne to ~)u))lic. )~nildinp~. 2s: 

list of (Iran-inp. rlasipr nn(1 ~norlelr illurtrating tl~report (ti. 147-154. 

Park F~P~WI of TTla~hinpton, r.llara(-trr of, 7.7: t11r larger 11arkp and their ~.I~II~I.- 

tinns. S:: law poverning. IS: new1 for nil(liti<~n:~l ])ark?. 77, 

Partridgti. \Villiam T.. work oi, on Warl~ington plans. 123. 

Patent ()fir(., 64. 

Patte~on Park. 102. 

Pennsylvania nvennr, treatnlwt of arra eout11 (ti, 29. 69. 

Pension Ofic*r, 70. 

Pine?- Rranc.11, 99. 

Place dr la ('o~lconle, Paris, 1.2. 

Playgrounflr, 49. 79. 

Post-0fftc.e Del~artn~ent, ti4, 

Pnton~a(~ Ibriw. 94. 

Pittonlac Flat?, 24; improvrtuent of. 10. 26, 77. 

Potomac. Park. 11. -51, 5H. $2. 117. 

Potomac rluay, 83. 

President'r llou~e, 12. 

President'r palace, 3.5. 

P111)lir haths ant1 gymnasiums. 78. 

I'n11lic I)uildingc, Lafayettr sqnare snitahle for. 2s: 11rati1)n of. 2s: nee11 nrw, 24. 

Receivine reservoir, 94. 

Reforn~ School, 106, 11:;. 

Revere R~ac.11, Mar~achnsetts, 28. 177. 

Rhind, J. 3Iasc;ey, scdptor. 41. 

Richardson. Hon. Janles D., n~eml)er ofLincoln JIenlorial C:vmn1i4on. 32. 

Ric.hn~ontl, 1-a., r;m-in~nting 11a~in at, 125. 

Rire~irle Th-ive, Washinyton, .5l. 

Riversicle Drive, Sen- Tork. 9.5. 

Rock Creek P:irk, 11, 86. 99; pr~rchaw of. 10. 

Rock Creek parkway, treatnwnt of. S3. 

Rock Creek, section WPt of, 99; rection west of. $11: aystenl oi ark+. 51 : valley II~. 11; 

alternative plans for treatn~ent of, 137. 

Rodenlan, Mr., 123. 

Rome, 1-5-26; foantainr of, 5. 

Roowvelt, President, 85. 

Root., Hon. Elihu, Secretary of War. 41; member ni 1,inrnln JIrn~orinl C:ornn~ission, 

.i2. 

ROE?, A. R.. clri~winpc of, 123,146. 

Roesell, Captain, Corps of Engineem, T-. S. A. report of as to treatn~ent of Rock 

Creek. 137.138. 

Roth, F. G. R., 41. 

St. gaud en^, Anp1stus. nwnlher of Park C'ommission. 9. 13, 41, 13. 

St. Peter's, Rome, 27. 
INDEX. 

Savannah street boulevard, 99. 

Schlinbmnn, palace of, 45. 

Schofield, Lieut. Gen. J. JI., member (+rant JIen~orial jury, 41. 

Sha~ Eotaniclal Garden, St. Louis, 143. 

Shepharcl, Mr., 123. 

Shepherde Landing, 115. 

Sheridan arenne, 113,114. 

Sheridan. Gen. Philip H.. statue of, 41. 

Shemlan, Gen. Willian~ T., statue of. 41. 

Phrady, Hernin 3lern-in, rrulptnr, winu ronipetitinn f~~r (+rant Memorial, 41. 

Shuters Bill, 121. 

Smithsoninn Institution, 43; Secretary of, 14. 

Soapstone parkway, 92. 

Soldiers' Honie, 11,93,99, 100. 

Poldiem' Home crmetery, -58. 

Spring Bank Run, 191. 

Stat?, War, and Savy builtling, 3% 

Stickfoot Creek parkway, 113. 

Story, Waldo, sculptor, 41. 

fitraqhurg, plan of, 12. 

Supervising Architect of Treasury, 13. 

Suprenle Court building. 38. 

Synlonq, Maj. Thoma6 IT., Coq~ of Eiwinee~, IT. q. \.. report of, on Memorial 

Bridge, .5.5, .if?. 

Tenley circle. 91. 

Tiher Creek, 40. 

Titt~nann, Otto H., Superintendent (bast and (~ro~lrtn. *ur\ry, 14. 

Treasury huiltling, 39. 

Trrasurx , Secretar! of, 13. 

TIP\-i, fountain of, Rome, 27. 

Tmeblood, Mr., 123. 

Turin, plan of, 12. 

Thornton. William, architect of Capitol, 37, 40. 

hitrcl Statea Senate, repolution of. relatire tn in~pnnr~uent of park pystem. 7. 

ITnion Scpare, 41. 

rnion Station, 1.5.16,Z!A, 44. 

Taus-le-Vicwmte, chateau of, near Melun, Franc.e, 45; fountains of, 2;. 

Venire, 15,26. 

Versailleq, palace of, 27, -i.i,.il. 

Tienna, 15,26,83. 

Yirginia palisade of the Potomac, 97. 

Walker, Mr., 123. 

Walter, Thomas r., architect of extension of the Capitol, 37. 

War College, 11 7. 

War, Secretary of, refers to report of Park Conimi~eion in annual report, 13. 

Tater, consumption of, in the District of Columbia, 28. 

Washington, as a capital city, 25; itp advantage over other citie~, 39; plannetl under 

supervision of Wn-hington and Jefferson, 12; climatic condition of, 26, 76; defense.: 

of, during civil war, 79; local government of, 14. 

Washington, Alexandria, and Mount Vernnn Kailroad, 117. 

Washington Barracks, 105,117. 

Washington Board of Trade, A, 85,137. 

Vashington channel, 10. 

Washington common, the, 49. 
INDEX. 

Wmhington e~nbankrrtent, 11 7. 

Wa~hington market, 29. 

Washington, (George, 13,19, 25,35, 37,39, .52; superriser plan of IVashington, 17. 

Washingtctn Monument. 10; model of. 1;: ae work of art, 24; beginnings of. 3.5: propstul treatn~ent of. 47. 

Vashinpton Star. thr, 4% 

Web~ter: Ijaniel, fimt mentions Memorial Bridge. .i.i. 

TTeekes, Mr., 123. 

Wetmorr, Senator George Pealmrly. wen~her <+rant ?rIenlorial C'onnniesion. 41: Illernlpr of Lincoln JIe~norial C'onnnission, 52. 

White Honw, 23, 3.5, 39, 47: i~~lprurt'nlent of. :<ti; occupied 11y I're.~itlent am1 &In. 

Jehu .ldanl*, 6::. 

White Lot, 29,42, 40. 

TThite, Stanfortl, memter of 31emorial I-:ridge jury. 56. 

\Villiamrl~ur,v. Va., 45. 

Windsor (;reat Park, 45. 

Wi~con~il~ a\.rnue. 9:;. 

Yuma ~treet. 93. 

Zoological park, 87.