II 

109TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 1897 

To amend the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act 

of 1974 and related laws to strengthen the protection of native biodiversity and ban clearcutting on Federal land, and to designate certain 

Federal land as Ancient forests, roadless areas, watershed protection 

areas, and special areas where logging and other intrusive activities 

are prohibited. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

OCTOBER 19, 2005 

Mr. CORZINE (for himself and Mr. DODD) introduced the following bill; which 

was read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural 

Resources 

A BILL 

To amend the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources 

Planning Act of 1974 and related laws to strengthen 

the protection of native biodiversity and ban clearcutting 

on Federal land, and to designate certain Federal land 

as Ancient forests, roadless areas, watershed protection 

areas, and special areas where logging and other intrusive activities are prohibited. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
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•S 1897 IS

1 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

2 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 

3 ‘‘Act to Save America’s Forests’’. 

4 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of 

5 this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 

Sec. 2. Findings and purposes. 

TITLE I—LAND MANAGEMENT 

Sec. 101. Committee of scientists. 

Sec. 102. Continuous forest inventory. 

Sec. 103. Administration and management. 

Sec. 104. Conforming amendments. 

TITLE II—PROTECTION FOR ANCIENT FORESTS, ROADLESS 

AREAS, WATERSHED PROTECTION AREAS, AND SPECIAL AREAS 

Sec. 201. Findings. 

Sec. 202. Definitions. 

Sec. 203. Designation of special areas. 

Sec. 204. Restrictions on management activities in Ancient forests, roadless 

areas, watershed protection areas, and special areas. 

TITLE III—EFFECTIVE DATE 

Sec. 301. Effective date. 

Sec. 302. Effect on existing contracts. 

Sec. 303. Wilderness Act exclusion. 

TITLE IV—GIANT SEQUOIA NATIONAL MONUMENT 

Sec. 401. Findings. 

Sec. 402. Definitions. 

Sec. 403. Additions to Giant Sequoia National Monument. 

Sec. 404. Transfer of administrative jurisdiction over the Giant Sequoia National Monument. 

Sec. 405. Additions to the Sierra National Forest and Inyo National Forest. 

Sec. 406. Authorization of appropriations. 

6 SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES. 

7 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds that— 

8 (1) Federal agencies that permit clearcutting 

9 and other forms of even-age logging operations in10 clude the Forest Service, the United States Fish and 
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1 Wildlife Service, and the Bureau of Land Manage2 ment; 

3 (2) clearcutting and other forms of even-age 

4 logging operations cause substantial alterations in 

5 native biodiversity by— 

6 (A) emphasizing the production of a lim7 ited number of commercial species, and often 

8 only a single species, of trees on each site; 

9 (B) manipulating the vegetation toward 

10 greater relative density of the commercial spe11 cies; 

12 (C) suppressing competing species; and 

13 (D) requiring the planting, on numerous 

14 sites, of a commercial strain of the species that 

15 reduces the relative diversity of other genetic 

16 strains of the species that were traditionally lo17 cated on the same sites; 

18 (3) clearcutting and other forms of even-age 

19 logging operations— 

20 (A) frequently lead to the death of immo21 bile species and the very young of mobile spe22 cies of wildlife; and 

23 (B) deplete the habitat of deep-forest spe24 cies of animals, including endangered species 

25 and threatened species; 
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1 (4)(A) clearcutting and other forms of even-age 

2 logging operations— 

3 (i) expose the soil to direct sunlight and 

4 the impact of precipitation; 

5 (ii) disrupt the soil surface; 

6 (iii) compact organic layers; and 

7 (iv) disrupt the run-off restraining capa8 bilities of roots and low-lying vegetation, result9 ing in soil erosion, the leaching of nutrients, a 

10 reduction in the biological content of soil, and 

11 the impoverishment of soil; and 

12 (B) all of the consequences described in sub13 paragraph (A) have a long-range deleterious effect 

14 on all land resources, including timber production; 

15 (5) clearcutting and other forms of even-age 

16 logging operations aggravate global climate change 

17 by— 

18 (A) decreasing the capability of the soil to 

19 retain carbon; and 

20 (B) during the critical periods of felling 

21 and site preparation, reducing the capacity of 

22 the biomass to process and to store carbon, 

23 with a resultant loss of stored carbon to the at24 mosphere; 
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1 (6) clearcutting and other forms of even-age 

2 logging operations render soil increasingly sensitive 

3 to acid deposits by causing a decline of soil wood 

4 and coarse woody debris; 

5 (7) a decline of solid wood and coarse woody 

6 debris reduces the capacity of soil to retain water 

7 and nutrients, which in turn increases soil heat and 

8 impairs soil’s ability to maintain protective carbon 

9 compounds on the soil surface; 

10 (8) clearcutting and other forms of even-age 

11 logging operations result in— 

12 (A) increased stream sedimentation and 

13 the silting of stream bottoms; 

14 (B) a decline in water quality; 

15 (C) the impairment of life cycles and 

16 spawning processes of aquatic life from benthic 

17 organisms to large fish; and 

18 (D) as a result of the effects described in 

19 subparagraphs (A) through (C), a depletion of 

20 the sport and commercial fisheries of the 

21 United States; 

22 (9) clearcutting and other forms of even-age 

23 management of Federal forests disrupt natural dis24 turbance regimes that are critical to ecosystem func25 tion; 
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1 (10) clearcutting and other forms of even-age 

2 logging operations increase harmful edge effects, in3 cluding— 

4 (A) blowdowns; 

5 (B) invasions by weed species; and 

6 (C) heavier losses to predators and com7 petitors; 

8 (11) by reducing the number of deep, canopied, 

9 variegated, permanent forests, clearcutting and other 

10 forms of even-age logging operations— 

11 (A) limit areas where the public can satisfy 

12 an expanding need for recreation; and 

13 (B) decrease the recreational value of land; 

14 (12) clearcutting and other forms of even-age 

15 logging operations replace forests described in para16 graph (11) with a surplus of clearings that grow into 

17 relatively impenetrable thickets of saplings, and then 

18 into monoculture tree plantations; 

19 (13) because of the harmful and, in many 

20 cases, irreversible, damage to forest species and for21 est ecosystems caused by logging of Ancient and 

22 roadless forests, clearcutting, and other forms of 

23 even-age management, it is important that these 

24 practices be halted based on the precautionary prin25 ciple; 
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1 (14) human beings depend on native biological 

2 resources, including plants, animals, and micro-orga3 nisms— 

4 (A) for food, medicine, shelter, and other 

5 important products; and 

6 (B) as a source of intellectual and sci7 entific knowledge, recreation, and aesthetic 

8 pleasure; 

9 (15) alteration of native biodiversity has serious 

10 consequences for human welfare, as the United 

11 States irretrievably loses resources for research and 

12 agricultural, medicinal, and industrial development; 

13 (16) alteration of biodiversity in Federal forests 

14 adversely affects the functions of ecosystems and 

15 critical ecosystem processes that— 

16 (A) moderate climate; 

17 (B) govern nutrient cycles and soil con18 servation and production; 

19 (C) control pests and diseases; and 

20 (D) degrade wastes and pollutants; 

21 (17)(A) clearcutting and other forms of even22 age management operations have significant delete23 rious effects on native biodiversity, by reducing habi24 tat and food for cavity-nesting birds and insectivores 
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1 such as the 3-toed woodpecker and hairy woodpecker 

2 and for neotropical migratory bird species; and 

3 (B) the reduction in habitat and food supply 

4 could disrupt the lines of dependency among species 

5 and their food resources and thereby jeopardize crit6 ical ecosystem function, including limiting outbreaks 

7 of destructive insect populations; for example— 

8 (i) the 3-toed woodpecker requires clumped 

9 snags in spruce-fir forests, and 99 percent of its 

10 winter diet is composed of insects, primarily 

11 spruce beetles; and 

12 (ii) a 3-toed woodpecker can consume as 

13 much as 26 percent of the brood of an endemic 

14 population of spruce bark beetle and reduce 

15 brood survival of the population by 70 to 79 

16 percent; 

17 (18) the harm of clearcutting and other forms 

18 of even-age logging operations on the natural re19 sources of the United States and the quality of life 

20 of the people of the United States is substantial, se21 vere, and avoidable; 

22 (19) by substituting selection management, as 

23 required by this Act, for clearcutting and other 

24 forms of even-age logging operations, the Federal 

25 agencies involved with those logging operations 
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1 would substantially reduce devastation to the envi2 ronment and improve the quality of life of the people 

3 of the United States; 

4 (20) selection management— 

5 (A) retains natural forest structure and 

6 function; 

7 (B) focuses on long-term rather than 

8 short-term management; 

9 (C) works with, rather than against, the 

10 checks and balances inherent in natural proc11 esses; and 

12 (D) permits the normal, natural processes 

13 in a forest to allow the forest to go through the 

14 natural stages of succession to develop a forest 

15 with old growth ecological functions; 

16 (21) by protecting native biodiversity, as re17 quired by this Act, Federal agencies would maintain 

18 vital native ecosystems and improve the quality of 

19 life of the people of the United States; 

20 (22) selection logging— 

21 (A) is more job intensive, and therefore 

22 provides more employment than clearcutting 

23 and other forms of even-age logging operations 

24 to manage the same quantity of timber produc25 tion; and 
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1 (B) produces higher quality sawlogs than 

2 clearcutting and other forms of even-age log3 ging operations; and 

4 (23) the judicial remedies available to enforce 

5 Federal forest laws are inadequate, and should be 

6 strengthened by providing for injunctions, declara7 tory judgments, statutory damages, and reasonable 

8 costs of suit. 

9 (b) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this Act is to conserve 

10 native biodiversity and protect all native ecosystems on all 

11 Federal land against losses that result from— 

12 (1) clearcutting and other forms of even-age 

13 logging operations; and 

14 (2) logging in Ancient forests, roadless areas, 

15 watershed protection areas, and special areas. 

16 TITLE I—LAND MANAGEMENT 

17 SEC. 101. COMMITTEE OF SCIENTISTS. 

18 Section 6 of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable 

19 Resources Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 1604) is 

20 amended by striking subsection (h) and inserting the fol21 lowing: 

22 ‘‘(h) COMMITTEE OF SCIENTISTS.— 

23 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—To carry out subsection 

24 (g), the Secretary shall appoint a committee com25 posed of scientists— 
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1 ‘‘(A) who are not officers or employees of 

2 the Forest Service, of any other public entity, 

3 or of any entity engaged in whole or in part in 

4 the production of wood or wood products; 

5 ‘‘(B) not more than one-third of whom 

6 have contracted with or represented any entity 

7 described in subparagraph (A) during the 5- 

8 year period ending on the date of the proposed 

9 appointment to the committee; and 

10 ‘‘(C) not more than one-third of whom are 

11 foresters. 

12 ‘‘(2) QUALIFICATIONS OF FORESTERS.—A for13 ester appointed to the committee shall be an indi14 vidual with— 

15 ‘‘(A) extensive training in conservation bi16 ology; and 

17 ‘‘(B) field experience in selection manage18 ment. 

19 ‘‘(3) DUTIES.—The committee shall provide sci20 entific and technical advice and counsel on proposed 

21 guidelines and procedures and all other issues involv22 ing forestry and native biodiversity to promote an ef23 fective interdisciplinary approach to forestry and na24 tive biodiversity. 
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1 ‘‘(4) TERMINATION.—The committee shall ter2 minate on the date that is 10 years after the date 

3 of enactment of the Act to Save America’s For4 ests.’’. 

5 SEC. 102. CONTINUOUS FOREST INVENTORY. 

6 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after the 

7 date of enactment of this Act, each of the Chief of the 

8 Forest Service, the Director of the United States Fish and 

9 Wildlife Service, and the Director of the Bureau of Land 

10 Management (referred to individually as an ‘‘agency 

11 head’’) shall prepare a continuous inventory of forest land 

12 administered by those agency heads, respectively. 

13 (b) REQUIREMENTS.—A continuous forest inventory 

14 shall constitute a long-term monitoring and inventory sys15 tem that— 

16 (1) is contiguous throughout affected Federal 

17 forest land; and 

18 (2) is based on a set of permanent plots that 

19 are inventoried every 10 years to— 

20 (A) assess the impacts that human activi21 ties are having on management of the eco22 system; 

23 (B) gauge— 

24 (i) floristic and faunistic diversity, 

25 abundance, and dominance; and 
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1 (ii) economic and social value; and 

2 (C) monitor changes in the age, structure, 

3 and diversity of species of trees and other vege4 tation. 

5 (c) DECENNIAL INVENTORIES.—Each decennial in6 ventory under subsection (b)(2) shall be completed not 

7 more than 60 days after the date on which the inventory 

8 is begun. 

9 (d) NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.—In pre10 paring a continuous forest inventory, an agency head may 

11 use the services of the National Academy of Sciences to— 

12 (1) develop a system for the continuous forest 

13 inventory by which certain guilds or indicator species 

14 are measured; and 

15 (2) identify any changes to the continuous for16 est inventory that are necessary to ensure that the 

17 continuous forest inventory is consistent with the 

18 most accurate scientific methods. 

19 (e) WHOLE-SYSTEM MEASURES.—At the end of each 

20 forest planning period, an agency head shall document 

21 whole-system measures that will be taken as a result of 

22 a decennial inventory. 

23 (f) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—Results of a continuous 

24 forest inventory shall be made available to the public with25 out charge. 
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1 SEC. 103. ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT. 

2 The Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources 

3 Planning Act of 1974 is amended by adding after section 

4 6 (16 U.S.C. 1604) the following: 

5 ‘‘SEC. 6A. CONSERVATION OF NATIVE BIODIVERSITY; SE6 LECTION LOGGING; PROHIBITION OF 

7 CLEARCUTTING. 

8 ‘‘(a) APPLICABILITY.—This section applies to the ad9 ministration and management of— 

10 ‘‘(1) National Forest System land, under this 

11 Act; 

12 ‘‘(2) Federal land, under the Federal Land Pol13 icy and Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1701 

14 et seq.); and 

15 ‘‘(3) National Wildlife Refuge System land, 

16 under the National Wildlife Refuge System Adminis17 tration Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 668dd et seq.). 

18 ‘‘(b) NATIVE BIODIVERSITY IN FORESTED AREAS.— 

19 The Secretary shall provide for the conservation or res20 toration of native biodiversity in each stand and each wa21 tershed throughout each forested area, except during the 

22 extraction stage of authorized mineral development or dur23 ing authorized construction projects, in which cases the 

24 Secretary shall conserve native biodiversity to the max25 imum extent practicable. 
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1 ‘‘(c) RESTRICTION ON USE OF CERTAIN LOGGING

2 PRACTICES.— 

3 ‘‘(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 

4 ‘‘(A) AGE DIVERSITY.—The term ‘age di5 versity’ means the naturally occurring range 

6 and distribution of age classes within a given 

7 species. 

8 ‘‘(B) BASAL AREA.—The term ‘basal area’ 

9 means the area of the cross section of a tree 

10 stem, including the bark, at 4.5 feet above the 

11 ground. 

12 ‘‘(C) CLEARCUTTING.—The term 

13 ‘clearcutting’ means an even-age logging oper14 ation that removes all of the trees over a con15 siderable portion of a stand at 1 time. 

16 ‘‘(D) CONSERVATION.—The term ‘con17 servation’ means protective measures for main18 taining native biodiversity and active and pas19 sive measures for restoring diversity through 

20 management efforts, in order to protect, re21 store, and enhance as much of the variety of 

22 species and communities as practicable in abun23 dances and distributions that provide for their 

24 continued existence and normal functioning, in-
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1 cluding the viability of populations throughout 

2 their natural geographic distributions. 

3 ‘‘(E) EVEN-AGE LOGGING OPERATION.— 

4 ‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘even5 age logging operation’ means a logging ac6 tivity that— 

7 ‘‘(I) creates a clearing or opening 

that exceeds 1 8 ⁄5 acre; 

9 ‘‘(II) creates a stand in which the 

10 majority of trees are within 10 years 

11 of the same age; or 

12 ‘‘(III) within a period of 30 

13 years, cuts or removes more than the 

14 lesser of— 

15 ‘‘(aa) the growth of the 

16 basal area of all tree species (not 

17 including a tree of a non-native 

18 invasive tree species or an 

19 invasive plantation species) in a 

20 stand; or 

21 ‘‘(bb) 20 percent of the 

22 basal area of a stand. 

23 ‘‘(ii) INCLUSION.—The term ‘even-age 

24 logging operation’ includes the application 

25 of clearcutting, high grading, seed-tree cut-
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1 ting, shelterwood cutting, or any other log2 ging method in a manner inconsistent with 

3 selection management. 

4 ‘‘(iii) EXCLUSION.—The term ‘even5 age logging operation’ does not include the 

6 cutting or removal of— 

7 ‘‘(I) a tree of a non-native 

8 invasive tree species; or 

9 ‘‘(II) an invasive plantation spe10 cies, if native longleaf pine are plant11 ed in place of the removed invasive 

12 plantation species. 

13 ‘‘(F) GENETIC DIVERSITY.—The term ‘ge14 netic diversity’ means the differences in genetic 

15 composition within and among populations of a 

16 species. 

17 ‘‘(G) HIGH GRADING.—The term ‘high 

18 grading’ means the removal of only the larger 

19 or more commercially valuable trees in a stand, 

20 resulting in an alteration in the natural range 

21 of age diversity or species diversity in the stand. 

22 ‘‘(H) INVASIVE PLANTATION SPECIES.— 

23 The term ‘invasive plantation species’ means a 

24 loblolly pine or slash pine that was planted or 

25 managed by the Forest Service or any other 
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1 Federal agency as part of an even-aged 

2 monoculture tree plantation. 

3 ‘‘(I) NATIVE BIODIVERSITY.— 

4 ‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘native 

5 biodiversity’ means— 

6 ‘‘(I) the full range of variety and 

7 variability within and among living or8 ganisms; and 

9 ‘‘(II) the ecological complexes in 

10 which the living organisms would have 

11 occurred (including naturally occur12 ring disturbance regimes) in the ab13 sence of significant human impact. 

14 ‘‘(ii) INCLUSIONS.—The term ‘native 

15 biodiversity’ includes diversity— 

16 ‘‘(I) within a species (including 

17 genetic diversity, species diversity, and 

18 age diversity); 

19 ‘‘(II) within a community of spe20 cies; 

21 ‘‘(III) between communities of 

22 species; 

23 ‘‘(IV) within a discrete area, such 

24 as a watershed; 
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1 ‘‘(V) along a vertical plane from 

2 ground to sky, including application of 

3 the plane to all the other types of di4 versity; and 

5 ‘‘(VI) along the horizontal plane 

6 of the land surface, including applica7 tion of the plane to all the other types 

8 of diversity. 

9 ‘‘(J) NON-NATIVE INVASIVE TREE SPE10 CIES.— 

11 ‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘non-na12 tive invasive tree species’ means a species 

13 of tree not native to North America. 

14 ‘‘(ii) INCLUSIONS.—The term ‘non-na15 tive invasive tree species’ includes— 

16 ‘‘(I) Australian pine (Casaurina 

17 equisetifolia); 

18 ‘‘(II) Brazilian pepper (Schinus 

19 terebinthifolius); 

20 ‘‘(III) Common buckthorn 

21 (Rhamnus cathartica); 

22 ‘‘(IV) Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus 

23 globulus); 

24 ‘‘(V) Glossy buckthorn (Rhamnus 

25 frangula); 
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1 ‘‘(VI) Melaleuca (Melaleuca 

2 quinquenervia); 

3 ‘‘(VII) Norway maple (Acer 

4 platanoides); 

5 ‘‘(VIII) Princess tree (Paulownia 

6 tomentosa); 

7 ‘‘(IX) Salt cedar (Tamarix spe8 cies); 

9 ‘‘(X) Silk tree (Albizia 

10 julibrissin); 

11 ‘‘(XI) Strawberry guava 

12 (Psidium cattleianum); 

13 ‘‘(XII) Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus 

14 altissima); 

15 ‘‘(XIII) Velvet tree (Miconia 

16 calvescens); and 

17 ‘‘(XIV) White poplar (Populus 

18 alba). 

19 ‘‘(K) SEED-TREE CUT.—The term ‘seed20 tree cut’ means an even-age logging operation 

21 that leaves a small minority of seed trees in a 

22 stand for any period of time. 

23 ‘‘(L) SELECTION MANAGEMENT.— 

24 ‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘selec25 tion management’ means a method of log-
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1 ging that emphasizes the periodic, indi2 vidual selection and removal of varying size 

3 and age classes of the weaker, nondomi4 nant cull trees in a stand and leaves uncut 

5 the stronger dominant trees to survive and 

6 reproduce, in a manner that works with 

7 natural forest processes and— 

8 ‘‘(I) ensures the maintenance of 

9 continuous high forest cover where 

10 high forest cover naturally occurs; 

11 ‘‘(II) ensures the maintenance or 

12 natural regeneration of all native spe13 cies in a stand; 

14 ‘‘(III) ensures the growth and de15 velopment of trees through a range of 

16 diameter or age classes to provide a 

17 sustained yield of forest products in18 cluding clean water, rich soil, and na19 tive plants and wildlife; and 

20 ‘‘(IV) ensures that some dead 

21 trees, standing and downed, shall be 

22 left in each stand where selection log23 ging occurs, to fulfill their necessary 

24 ecological functions in the forest eco25 system, including providing elemental 
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1 and organic nutrients to the soil, 

2 water retention, and habitat for en3 demic insect species that provide the 

4 primary food source for predators (in5 cluding various species of amphibians 

6 and birds, such as cavity nesting 

7 woodpeckers). 

8 ‘‘(ii) EXCLUSION.— 

9 ‘‘(I) IN GENERAL.—Subject to 

10 subclause (II), the term ‘selection 

11 management’ does not include an 

12 even-age logging operation. 

13 ‘‘(II) FELLING AGE; NATIVE BIO14 DIVERSITY.—Subclause (I) does not— 

15 ‘‘(aa) establish a 150-year 

16 projected felling age as the 

17 standard at which individual 

18 trees in a stand are to be cut; or 

19 ‘‘(bb) limit native biodiver20 sity to that which occurs within 

21 the context of a 150-year pro22 jected felling age. 

23 ‘‘(M) SHELTERWOOD CUT.—The term 

24 ‘shelterwood cut’ means an even-age logging op25 eration that leaves— 
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1 ‘‘(i) a minority of the stand (larger 

2 than a seed-tree cut) as a seed source; or 

3 ‘‘(ii) a protection cover remaining 

4 standing for any period of time. 

5 ‘‘(N) SPECIES DIVERSITY.—The term ‘spe6 cies diversity’ means the richness and variety of 

7 native species in a particular location. 

8 ‘‘(O) STAND.—The term ‘stand’ means a 

9 biological community of trees on land described 

10 in subsection (a), comprised of not more than 

11 100 contiguous acres with sufficient identity of 

12 1 or more characteristics (including location, to13 pography, and dominant species) to be managed 

14 as a unit. 

15 ‘‘(P) TIMBER PURPOSE.— 

16 ‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘timber 

17 purpose’ means the use, sale, lease, or dis18 tribution of trees, including the felling of 

19 trees or portions of trees. 

20 ‘‘(ii) EXCEPTION.—The term ‘timber 

21 purpose’ does not include the felling of 

22 trees or portions of trees to create land 

23 space for a Federal administrative struc24 ture. 
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1 ‘‘(Q) WITHIN-COMMUNITY DIVERSITY.— 

2 The term ‘within-community diversity’ means 

3 the distinctive assemblages of species and eco4 logical processes that occur in various physical 

5 settings of the biosphere and distinct locations. 

6 ‘‘(2) PROHIBITION OF CLEARCUTTING AND

7 OTHER FORMS OF EVEN-AGE LOGGING OPER8 ATIONS.—No clearcutting or other form of even-age 

9 logging operation shall be permitted in any stand or 

10 watershed. 

11 ‘‘(3) MANAGEMENT OF NATIVE BIODIVER12 SITY.—On each stand on which an even-age logging 

13 operation has been conducted on or before the date 

14 of enactment of this section, and on each deforested 

15 area managed for timber purposes on or before the 

16 date of enactment of this section, excluding areas oc17 cupied by existing buildings, the Secretary shall— 

18 ‘‘(A) prescribe a shift to selection manage19 ment; or 

20 ‘‘(B) cease managing the stand for timber 

21 purposes, in which case the Secretary shall— 

22 ‘‘(i) undertake an active restoration of 

23 the native biodiversity of the stand; or 

24 ‘‘(ii) permit the stand to regain native 

25 biodiversity. 
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1 ‘‘(4) ENFORCEMENT.— 

2 ‘‘(A) FINDING.—Congress finds that all 

3 people of the United States are injured by ac4 tions on land to which subsection (g)(3)(B) and 

5 this subsection applies. 

6 ‘‘(B) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this para7 graph is to foster the widest and most effective 

8 possible enforcement of subsection (g)(3)(B) 

9 and this subsection. 

10 ‘‘(C) FEDERAL ENFORCEMENT.—The Sec11 retary of Agriculture, the Secretary of the Inte12 rior, and the Attorney General shall enforce 

13 subsection (g)(3)(B) and this subsection against 

14 any person that violates 1 or more of those pro15 visions. 

16 ‘‘(D) CITIZEN SUITS.— 

17 ‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—A citizen harmed 

18 by a violation of subsection (g)(3)(B) or 

19 this subsection may bring a civil action in 

20 United States district court for a declara21 tory judgment, a temporary restraining 

22 order, an injunction, statutory damages, or 

23 other remedy against any alleged violator, 

24 including the United States. 
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1 ‘‘(ii) JUDICIAL RELIEF.—If a district 

2 court of the United States determines that 

3 a violation of subsection (g)(3)(B) or this 

4 subsection has occurred, the district 

5 court— 

6 ‘‘(I) shall impose a damage 

7 award of not less than $5,000; 

8 ‘‘(II) may issue 1 or more injunc9 tions or other forms of equitable re10 lief; and 

11 ‘‘(III) shall award to the plain12 tiffs reasonable costs of bringing the 

13 action, including attorney’s fees, wit14 ness fees, and other necessary ex15 penses. 

16 ‘‘(iii) STANDARD OF PROOF.—The 

17 standard of proof in all actions under this 

18 subparagraph shall be the preponderance 

19 of the evidence. 

20 ‘‘(iv) TRIAL.—A trial for any action 

21 under this subsection shall be de novo. 

22 ‘‘(E) PAYMENT OF DAMAGES.— 

23 ‘‘(i) NON-FEDERAL VIOLATOR.—A 

24 damage award under subparagraph (D)(ii) 

25 shall be paid to the Treasury by a non- 
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1 Federal violator or violators designated by 

2 the court. 

3 ‘‘(ii) FEDERAL VIOLATOR.— 

4 ‘‘(I) IN GENERAL.—Not later 

5 than 40 days after the date on which 

6 judgment is rendered, a damage 

7 award under subparagraph (D)(ii) for 

8 which the United States is determined 

9 to be liable shall be paid from the 

10 Treasury, as provided under section 

11 1304 of title 31, United States Code, 

12 to the person or persons designated to 

13 receive the damage award. 

14 ‘‘(II) USE OF DAMAGE AWARD.— 

15 A damage award described under sub16 clause (I) shall be used by the recipi17 ent to protect or restore native bio18 diversity on Federal land or on land 

19 adjoining Federal land. 

20 ‘‘(III) COURT COSTS.—Any 

21 award of costs of litigation and any 

22 award of attorney fees shall be paid 

23 by a Federal violator not later than 

24 40 days after the date on which judg25 ment is rendered. 
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1 ‘‘(F) WAIVER OF SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY.— 

2 ‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—The United States 

3 (including agents and employees of the 

4 United States) waives its sovereign immu5 nity in all respects in all actions under 

6 subsection (g)(3)(B) and this subsection. 

7 ‘‘(ii) NOTICE.—No notice is required 

8 to enforce this subsection.’’. 

9 SEC. 104. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS. 

10 Section 6(g)(3) of the Forest and Rangeland Renew11 able Resource Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 

12 1604(g)(3)) is amended— 

13 (1) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ‘‘and’’ 

14 after the semicolon at the end; 

15 (2) in subparagraph (E), by striking ‘‘; and’’ 

16 and inserting a period; and 

17 (3) by striking subparagraph (F). 

18 TITLE II—PROTECTION FOR AN19 CIENT FORESTS, ROADLESS 

20 AREAS, WATERSHED PROTEC21 TION AREAS, AND SPECIAL 

22 AREAS 

23 SEC. 201. FINDINGS. 

24 Congress finds that— 
29 

•S 1897 IS

1 (1) unfragmented forests on Federal land, 

2 unique and valuable assets to the general public, are 

3 damaged by extractive logging; 

4 (2) less than 10 percent of the original 

5 unlogged forests of the United States remain, and 

6 the vast majority of the remnants of the original for7 ests of the United States are located on Federal 

8 land; 

9 (3) large, unfragmented forest watersheds pro10 vide high-quality water supplies for drinking, agri11 culture, industry, and fisheries across the United 

12 States; 

13 (4) the most recent scientific studies indicate 

14 that several thousand species of plants and animals 

15 are dependent on large, unfragmented forest areas; 

16 (5) many neotropical migratory songbird species 

17 are experiencing documented broad-scale population 

18 declines and require large, unfragmented forests to 

19 ensure their survival; 

20 (6) destruction of large-scale natural forests 

21 has resulted in a tremendous loss of jobs in the fish22 ing, hunting, tourism, recreation, and guiding indus23 tries, and has adversely affected sustainable non24 timber forest products industries such as the collec25 tion of mushrooms and herbs; 
30 

•S 1897 IS

1 (7) extractive logging programs on Federal land 

2 are carried out at enormous financial costs to the 

3 Treasury and taxpayers of the United States; 

4 (8) Ancient forests continue to be threatened by 

5 logging and deforestation and are rapidly dis6 appearing; 

7 (9) Ancient forests help regulate atmospheric 

8 balance, maintain biodiversity, and provide valuable 

9 scientific opportunity for monitoring the health of 

10 the planet; 

11 (10) prohibiting extractive logging in the An12 cient forests would create the best conditions for en13 suring stable, well distributed, and viable popu14 lations of the northern spotted owl, marbled 

15 murrelet, American marten, and other vertebrates, 

16 invertebrates, vascular plants, and nonvascular 

17 plants associated with those forests; 

18 (11) prohibiting extractive logging in the An19 cient forests would create the best conditions for en20 suring stable, well distributed, and viable popu21 lations of anadromous salmonids, resident 

22 salmonids, and bull trout; 

23 (12) roadless areas are de facto wilderness that 

24 provide wildlife habitat and recreation; 
31 

•S 1897 IS

1 (13) large unfragmented forests, contained in 

2 large part on roadless areas on Federal land, are 

3 among the last refuges for native animal and plant 

4 biodiversity, and are vital to maintaining viable pop5 ulations of threatened, endangered, sensitive, and 

6 rare species; 

7 (14) roads cause soil erosion, disrupt wildlife 

8 migration, and allow nonnative species of plants and 

9 animals to invade native forests; 

10 (15) the mortality and reproduction patterns of 

11 forest dwelling animal populations are adversely af12 fected by traffic-related fatalities that accompany 

13 roads; 

14 (16) the exceptional recreational, biological, sci15 entific, or economic assets of certain special forested 

16 areas on Federal land are valuable to the public of 

17 the United States and are damaged by extractive 

18 logging; 

19 (17) in order to gauge the effectiveness and ap20 propriateness of current and future resource man21 agement activities, and to continue to broaden and 

22 develop our understanding of silvicultural practices, 

23 many special forested areas need to remain in a nat24 ural, unmanaged state to serve as scientifically es25 tablished baseline control forests; 
32 

•S 1897 IS

1 (18) certain special forested areas provide habi2 tat for the survival and recovery of endangered and 

3 threatened plant and wildlife species, such as grizzly 

4 bears, spotted owls, Pacific salmon, and Pacific yew, 

5 that are harmed by extractive logging; 

6 (19) many special forested areas on Federal 

7 land are considered sacred sites by native peoples; 

8 and 

9 (20) as a legacy for the enjoyment, knowledge, 

10 and well-being of future generations, provisions must 

11 be made for the protection and perpetuation of the 

12 Ancient forests, roadless areas, watershed protection 

13 areas, and special areas of the United States. 

14 SEC. 202. DEFINITIONS. 

15 In this title: 

16 (1) ANCIENT FOREST.—The term ‘‘Ancient for17 est’’ means— 

18 (A) the northwest Ancient forests, includ19 ing— 

20 (i) Federal land identified as late-suc21 cessional reserves, riparian reserves, and 

22 key watersheds under the heading ‘‘Alter23 native 1’’ of the report entitled ‘‘Final 

24 Supplemental Environmental Impact 

25 Statement on Management of Habitat for 
33 

•S 1897 IS

1 Late-Successional and Old-Growth Forest 

2 Related Species Within the Range of the 

3 Northern Spotted Owl, Vol. I.’’, and dated 

4 February 1994; and 

5 (ii) Federal land identified by the 

6 term ‘‘medium and large conifer multi-sto7 ried, canopied forests’’ as defined in the re8 port described in clause (i); 

9 (B) the eastside Cascade Ancient forests, 

10 including— 

11 (i) Federal land identified as ‘‘Late12 Succession/Old-growth Forest (LS/OG)’’ 

13 depicted on maps for the Colville National 

14 Forest, Fremont National Forest, Malheur 

15 National Forest, Ochoco National Forest, 

16 Umatilla National Forest, Wallowa-Whit17 man National Forest, and Winema Na18 tional Forest in the report entitled ‘‘In19 terim Protection for Late-Successional 

20 Forests, Fisheries, and Watersheds: Na21 tional Forests East of the Cascade Crest, 

22 Oregon, and Washington’’, prepared by the 

23 Eastside Forests Scientific Society Panel 

24 (The Wildlife Society, Technical Review 

25 94–2, August 1994); 
34 

•S 1897 IS

1 (ii) Federal land east of the Cascade 

2 crest in the States of Oregon and Wash3 ington, defined as ‘‘late successional and 

4 old-growth forests’’ in the general defini5 tion on page 28 of the report described in 

6 clause (i); and 

7 (iii) Federal land classified as ‘‘Or8 egon Aquatic Diversity Areas’’, as defined 

9 in the report described in clause (i); and 

10 (C) the Sierra Nevada Ancient forests, in11 cluding— 

12 (i) Federal land identified as ‘‘Areas 

13 of Late-Successional Emphasis (ALSE)’’ 

14 in the report entitled, ‘‘Final Report to 

15 Congress: Status of the Sierra Nevada’’, 

16 prepared by the Sierra Nevada Ecosystem 

17 Project (Wildland Resources Center Report 

18 #40, University of California, Davis, 1996/ 

19 97); 

20 (ii) Federal land identified as ‘‘Late21 Succession/Old-Growth Forests Rank 3, 4 

22 or 5’’ in the report described in clause (i); 

23 and 

24 (iii) Federal land identified as ‘‘Poten25 tial Aquatic Diversity Management Areas’’ 
35 

•S 1897 IS

1 on the map on page 1497 of Volume II of 

2 the report described in clause (i). 

3 (2) EXTRACTIVE LOGGING.—The term ‘‘extrac4 tive logging’’ means the felling or removal of any 

5 trees from Federal forest land for any purpose. 

6 (3) IMPROVED ROAD.—The term ‘‘improved 

7 road’’ means any road maintained for travel by 

8 standard passenger type vehicles. 

9 (4) ROADLESS AREA.—The term ‘‘roadless 

10 area’’ means a contiguous parcel of Federal land 

11 that is— 

12 (A) devoid of improved roads, except as 

13 provided in subparagraph (B); and 

14 (B) composed of— 

15 (i) at least 1,000 acres west of the 

100th meridian (with up to 1 16 ⁄2 mile of im17 proved roads per 1,000 acres); 

18 (ii) at least 1,000 acres east of the 

100th meridian (with up to 1 19 ⁄2 mile of im20 proved roads per 1,000 acres); or 

21 (iii) less than 1,000 acres, but share 

22 a border that is not an improved road with 

23 a wilderness area, primitive area, or wil24 derness study area. 
36 

•S 1897 IS

1 (5) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’, with 

2 respect to any Federal land in an Ancient forest, 

3 roadless area, watershed protection area, or special 

4 area, means the head of the Federal agency having 

5 jurisdiction over the Federal land. 

6 (6) SPECIAL AREA.—The term ‘‘special area’’ 

7 means an area of Federal forest land designated 

8 under section 3 that may not meet the definition of 

9 an Ancient forest, roadless area, or watershed pro10 tection area, but that— 

11 (A) possesses outstanding biological, sce12 nic, recreational, or cultural values; and 

13 (B) is exemplary on a regional, national, or 

14 international level. 

15 (7) WATERSHED PROTECTION AREA.—The 

16 term ‘‘watershed protection area’’ means Federal 

17 land that extends— 

18 (A) 300 feet from both sides of the active 

19 stream channel of any permanently flowing 

20 stream or river; 

21 (B) 100 feet from both sides of the active 

22 channel of any intermittent, ephemeral, or sea23 sonal stream, or any other nonpermanently 

24 flowing drainage feature having a definable 
37 

•S 1897 IS

1 channel and evidence of annual scour or deposi2 tion of flow-related debris; 

3 (C) 300 feet from the edge of the max4 imum level of any natural lake or pond; or 

5 (D) 150 feet from the edge of the max6 imum level of a constructed lake, pond, or res7 ervoir, or a natural or constructed wetland. 

8 SEC. 203. DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL AREAS. 

9 (a) IN GENERAL.— 

10 (1) FINDING.—A special area shall possess at 

11 least 1 of the values described in paragraphs (2) 

12 through (5). 

13 (2) BIOLOGICAL VALUES.—The biological values 

14 of a special area may include the presence of— 

15 (A) threatened species or endangered spe16 cies of plants or animals; 

17 (B) rare or endangered ecosystems; 

18 (C) key habitats necessary for the recovery 

19 of endangered species or threatened species; 

20 (D) recovery or restoration areas of rare or 

21 underrepresented forest ecosystems; 

22 (E) migration corridors; 

23 (F) areas of outstanding biodiversity; 

24 (G) old growth forests; 

25 (H) commercial fisheries; and 
38 

•S 1897 IS

1 (I) sources of clean water such as key wa2 tersheds. 

3 (3) SCENIC VALUES.—The scenic values of a 

4 special area may include the presence of— 

5 (A) unusual geological formations; 

6 (B) designated wild and scenic rivers; 

7 (C) unique biota; and 

8 (D) vistas. 

9 (4) RECREATIONAL VALUES.—The recreational 

10 values of a special area may include the presence 

11 of— 

12 (A) designated national recreational trails 

13 or recreational areas; 

14 (B) areas that are popular for such recre15 ation and sporting activities as— 

16 (i) hunting; 

17 (ii) fishing; 

18 (iii) camping; 

19 (iv) hiking; 

20 (v) aquatic recreation; and 

21 (vi) winter recreation; 

22 (C) Federal land in regions that are under23 served in terms of recreation; 

24 (D) land adjacent to designated wilderness 

25 areas; and 
39 

•S 1897 IS

1 (E) solitude. 

2 (5) CULTURAL VALUES.—The cultural values of 

3 a special area may include the presence of— 

4 (A) sites with Native American religious 

5 significance; and 

6 (B) historic or prehistoric archaeological 

7 sites eligible for listing on the national historic 

8 register. 

9 (b) SIZE VARIATION.—A special area may vary in 

10 size to encompass the outstanding biological, scenic, rec11 reational, or cultural value or values to be protected. 

12 (c) DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL AREAS.—There are 

13 designated the following special areas, which shall be sub14 ject to the management restrictions specified in section 

15 204: 

16 (1) ALABAMA.— 

17 (A) SIPSEY WILDERNESS HEADWATERS.— 

18 Certain land in the Bankhead National Forest, 

19 Bankhead Ranger District, in Lawrence Coun20 ty, totaling approximately 22,000 acres, located 

21 directly north and upstream of the Sipsey Wil22 derness, and directly south of Forest Road 213. 

23 (B) BRUSHY FORK.—Certain land in the 

24 Bankhead National Forest, Bankhead Ranger 

25 District, in Lawrence County, totaling approxi-
40 

•S 1897 IS

1 mately 6,200 acres, bounded by Forest Roads 

2 249, 254, and 246 and Alabama Highway 33. 

3 (C) REBECCA MOUNTAIN.—Certain land in 

4 the Talladega National Forest, Talladega Rang5 er District, Talladega County and Clay County, 

6 totaling approximately 9,000 acres, comprised 

7 of all Talladega National Forest lands south of 

8 Forest Roads 621 and 621 B, east of Alabama 

9 Highway 48/77 and County Highway 308, and 

10 north of the power transmission line. 

11 (D) AUGUSTA MINE RIDGE.—Certain land 

12 in the Talladega National Forest, Shoal Creek 

13 Ranger District, Cherokee County and Cleburn 

14 County, totaling approximately 6,000 acres, and 

15 comprised of all Talladega National Forest land 

16 north of the Chief Ladiga Rail Trail. 

17 (E) MAYFIELD CREEK.—Certain land in 

18 the Talladega National Forest, Oakmulgee 

19 Ranger District, in Rail County, totaling ap20 proximately 4,000 acres, and bounded by For21 est Roads 731, 723, 718, and 718A. 

22 (F) BEAR BAY.—Certain land in the 

23 Conecuh National Forest, Conecuh District, in 

24 Covington County, totaling approximately 3,000 

25 acres, bounded by County Road 11, Forest 
41 

•S 1897 IS

1 Road 305, County Road 3, and the County 

2 Road connecting County Roads 3 and 11. 

3 (2) ALASKA.— 

4 (A) TURNAGAIN ARM.—Certain land in the 

5 Chugach National Forest, on the Kenai Penin6 sula, totaling approximately 100,000 acres, ex7 tending from sea level to ridgetop surrounding 

8 the inlet of Turnagain Arm, known as 

9 ‘‘Turnagain Arm’’. 

10 (B) HONKER DIVIDE.—Certain land in the 

11 Tongass National Forest, totaling approxi12 mately 75,000 acres, located on north central 

13 Prince of Wales Island, comprising the Thorne 

14 River and Hatchery Creek watersheds, stretch15 ing approximately 40 miles northwest from the 

16 vicinity of the town of Thorne Bay to the vicin17 ity of the town of Coffman Cove, generally 

18 known as the ‘‘Honker Divide’’. 

19 (3) ARIZONA: NORTH RIM OF THE GRAND CAN20 YON.—Certain land in the Kaibab National Forest 

21 that is included in the Grand Canyon Game Pre22 serve, totaling approximately 500,000 acres, abut23 ting the northern side of the Grand Canyon in the 

24 area generally known as the ‘‘North Rim of the 

25 Grand Canyon’’. 
42 

•S 1897 IS

1 (4) ARKANSAS.— 

2 (A) COW CREEK DRAINAGE, ARKANSAS.— 

3 Certain land in the Ouachita National Forest, 

4 Mena Ranger District, in Polk County, totaling 

5 approximately 7,000 acres, known as ‘‘Cow 

6 Creek Drainage, Arkansas’’, and bounded ap7 proximately— 

8 (i) on the north, by County Road 95; 

9 (ii) on the south, by County Road 

10 157; 

11 (iii) on the east, by County Road 48; 

12 and 

13 (iv) on the west, by the Arkansas14 Oklahoma border. 

15 (B) LEADER AND BRUSH MOUNTAINS.— 

16 Certain land in the Ouachita National Forest, 

17 Montgomery County and Polk County, totaling 

18 approximately 120,000 acres, known as ‘‘Lead19 er Mountain’’ and ‘‘Brush Mountain’’, located 

20 in the vicinity of the Blaylock Creek Watershed 

21 between Long Creek and the South Fork of the 

22 Saline River. 

23 (C) POLK CREEK AREA.—Certain land in 

24 the Ouachita National Forest, Mena Ranger 

25 District, totaling approximately 20,000 acres, 
43 

•S 1897 IS

1 bounded by Arkansas Highway 4 and Forest 

2 Roads 73 and 43, known as the ‘‘Polk Creek 

3 area’’. 

4 (D) LOWER BUFFALO RIVER WATER5 SHED.—Certain land in the Ozark National 

6 Forest, Sylamore Ranger District, totaling ap7 proximately 6,000 acres, including Forest Serv8 ice land that has not been designated as a wil9 derness area before the date of enactment of 

10 this Act, located in the watershed of Big Creek 

11 southwest of the Leatherwood Wilderness Area, 

12 Searcy County and Marion County, and known 

13 as the ‘‘Lower Buffalo River Watershed’’. 

14 (E) UPPER BUFFALO RIVER WATER15 SHED.—Certain land in the Ozark National 

16 Forest, Buffalo Ranger District, totaling ap17 proximately 220,000 acres, comprised of Forest 

18 Service that has not been designated as a wil19 derness area before the date of enactment of 

20 this Act, known as the ‘‘Upper Buffalo River 

21 Watershed’’, located approximately 35 miles 

22 from the town of Harrison, Madison County, 

23 Newton County, and Searcy County, upstream 

24 of the confluence of the Buffalo River and Rich25 land Creek in the watersheds of— 
44 

•S 1897 IS

1 (i) the Buffalo River; 

2 (ii) the various streams comprising 

3 the Headwaters of the Buffalo River; 

4 (iii) Richland Creek; 

5 (iv) Little Buffalo Headwaters; 

6 (v) Edgmon Creek; 

7 (vi) Big Creek; and 

8 (vii) Cane Creek. 

9 (5) COLORADO: COCHETOPA HILLS.—Certain 

10 land in the Gunnison Basin area, known as the 

11 ‘‘Cochetopa Hills’’, administered by the Gunnison 

12 National Forest, Grand Mesa National Forest, 

13 Uncompahgre National Forest, and Rio Grand Na14 tional Forest, totaling approximately 500,000 acres, 

15 spanning the continental divide south and east of 

16 the city of Gunnison, in Saguache County, and in17 cluding— 

18 (A) Elk Mountain and West Elk Mountain; 

19 (B) the Grand Mesa; 

20 (C) the Uncompahgre Plateau; 

21 (D) the northern San Juan Mountains; 

22 (E) the La Garitas Mountains; and 

23 (F) the Cochetopa Hills. 

24 (6) GEORGIA.— 
45 

•S 1897 IS

1 (A) ARMUCHEE CLUSTER.—Certain land 

2 in the Chattahoochee National Forest, 

3 Armuchee Ranger District, known as the 

4 ‘‘Armuchee Cluster’’, totaling approximately 

5 19,700 acres, comprised of 3 parcels known as 

6 ‘‘Rocky Face’’, ‘‘Johns Mountain’’, and ‘‘Hid7 den Creek’’, located approximately 10 miles 

8 southwest of Dalton and 14 miles north of 

9 Rome, in Whitfield County, Walker County, 

10 Chattooga County, Floyd County, and Gordon 

11 County. 

12 (B) BLUE RIDGE CORRIDOR CLUSTER, 

13 GEORGIA AREAS.—Certain land in the Chat14 tahoochee National Forest, Chestatee Ranger 

15 District, totaling approximately 15,000 acres, 

16 known as the ‘‘Blue Ridge Corridor Cluster, 

17 Georgia Areas’’, comprised of 5 parcels known 

18 as ‘‘Horse Gap’’, ‘‘Hogback Mountain’’, 

19 ‘‘Blackwell Creek’’, ‘‘Little Cedar Mountain’’, 

20 and ‘‘Black Mountain’’, located approximately 

21 15 to 20 miles north of the town of Dahlonega, 

22 in Union County and Lumpkin County. 

23 (C) CHATTOOGA WATERSHED CLUSTER, 

24 GEORGIA AREAS.—Certain land in the Chat25 tahoochee National Forest, Tallulah Ranger 
46 

•S 1897 IS

1 District, totaling 63,500 acres, known as the 

2 ‘‘Chattooga Watershed Cluster, Georgia Areas’’, 

3 comprised of 7 areas known as ‘‘Rabun Bald’’, 

4 ‘‘Three Forks’’, ‘‘Ellicott Rock Extension’’, 

5 ‘‘Rock Gorge’’, ‘‘Big Shoals’’, ‘‘Thrift’s Ferry’’, 

6 and ‘‘Five Falls’’, in Rabun County, near the 

7 towns of Clayton, Georgia, and Dillard, South 

8 Carolina. 

9 (D) COHUTTA CLUSTER.—Certain land in 

10 the Chattahoochee National Forest, Cohutta 

11 Ranger District, totaling approximately 28,000 

12 acres, known as the ‘‘Cohutta Cluster’’, com13 prised of 4 parcels known as ‘‘Cohutta Exten14 sions’’, ‘‘Grassy Mountain’’, ‘‘Emery Creek’’, 

15 and ‘‘Mountaintown’’, near the towns of 

16 Chatsworth and Ellijay, in Murray County, 

17 Fannin County, and Gilmer County. 

18 (E) DUNCAN RIDGE CLUSTER.—Certain 

19 land in the Chattahoochee National Forest, 

20 Brasstown and Toccoa Ranger Districts, total21 ing approximately 17,000 acres, known as the 

22 ‘‘Duncan Ridge Cluster’’, comprised of the par23 cels known as ‘‘Licklog Mountain’’, ‘‘Duncan 

24 Ridge’’, ‘‘Board Camp’’, and ‘‘Cooper Creek 

25 Scenic Area Extension’’, approximately 10 to 
47 

•S 1897 IS

1 15 miles south of the town of Blairsville, in 

2 Union County and Fannin County. 

3 (F) ED JENKINS NATIONAL RECREATION

4 AREA CLUSTER.—Certain land in the Chat5 tahoochee National Forest, Toccoa and 

6 Chestatee Ranger Districts, totaling approxi7 mately 19,300 acres, known as the ‘‘Ed Jenkins 

8 National Recreation Area Cluster’’, comprised 

9 of the Springer Mountain, Mill Creek, and 

10 Toonowee parcels, 30 miles north of the town 

11 of Dahlonega, in Fannin County, Dawson 

12 County, and Lumpkin County. 

13 (G) GAINESVILLE RIDGES CLUSTER.—Cer14 tain land in the Chattahoochee National Forest, 

15 Chattooga Ranger District, totaling approxi16 mately 14,200 acres, known as the ‘‘Gainesville 

17 Ridges Cluster’’, comprised of 3 parcels known 

18 as ‘‘Panther Creek’’, ‘‘Tugaloo Uplands’’, and 

19 ‘‘Middle Fork Broad River’’, approximately 10 

20 miles from the town of Toccoa, in Habersham 

21 County and Stephens County. 

22 (H) NORTHERN BLUE RIDGE CLUSTER, 

23 GEORGIA AREAS.—Certain land in the Chat24 tahoochee National Forest, Brasstown and 

25 Tallulah Ranger Districts, totaling approxi-
48 

•S 1897 IS

1 mately 46,000 acres, known as the ‘‘Northern 

2 Blue Ridge Cluster, Georgia Areas’’, comprised 

3 of 8 areas known as ‘‘Andrews Cove’’, ‘‘Anna 

4 Ruby Falls Scenic Area Extension’’, ‘‘High 

5 Shoals’’, ‘‘Tray Mountain Extension’’, ‘‘Kelly 

6 Ridge-Moccasin Creek’’, ‘‘Buzzard Knob’’, 

7 ‘‘Southern Nantahala Extension’’, and ‘‘Patter8 son Gap’’, approximately 5 to 15 miles north of 

9 Helen, 5 to 15 miles southeast of Hiawassee, 

10 north of Clayton, and west of Dillard, in White 

11 County, Towns County, and Rabun County. 

12 (I) RICH MOUNTAIN CLUSTER.—Certain 

13 land in the Chattahoochee National Forest, 

14 Toccoa Ranger District, totaling approximately 

15 9,500 acres, known as the ‘‘Rich Mountain 

16 Cluster’’, comprised of the parcels known as 

17 ‘‘Rich Mountain Extension’’ and ‘‘Rocky Moun18 tain’’, located 10 to 15 miles northeast of the 

19 town of Ellijay, in Gilmer County and Fannin 

20 County. 

21 (J) WILDERNESS HEARTLANDS CLUSTER, 

22 GEORGIA AREAS.—Certain land in the Chat23 tahoochee National Forest, Chestatee, 

24 Brasstown and Chattooga Ranger Districts, to25 taling approximately 16,500 acres, known as 
49 

•S 1897 IS

1 the ‘‘Wilderness Heartlands Cluster, Georgia 

2 Areas’’, comprised of 4 parcels known as the 

3 ‘‘Blood Mountain Extensions’’, ‘‘Raven Cliffs 

4 Extensions’’, ‘‘Mark Trail Extensions’’, and 

5 ‘‘Brasstown Extensions’’, near the towns of 

6 Dahlonega, Cleveland, Helen, and Blairsville, in 

7 Lumpkin County, Union County, White County, 

8 and Towns County. 

9 (7) IDAHO.— 

10 (A) COVE/MALLARD.—Certain land in the 

11 Nez Perce National Forest, totaling approxi12 mately 94,000 acres, located approximately 30 

13 miles southwest of the town of Elk City, and 

14 west of the town of Dixie, in the area generally 

15 known as ‘‘Cove/Mallard’’. 

16 (B) MEADOW CREEK.—Certain land in the 

17 Nez Perce National Forest, totaling approxi18 mately 180,000 acres, located approximately 8 

19 miles east of the town of Elk City in the area 

20 generally known as ‘‘Meadow Creek’’. 

21 (C) FRENCH CREEK/PATRICK BUTTE.— 

22 Certain land in the Payette National Forest, to23 taling approximately 141,000 acres, located ap24 proximately 20 miles north of the town of 
50 

•S 1897 IS

1 McCall in the area generally known as ‘‘French 

2 Creek/Patrick Butte’’. 

3 (8) ILLINOIS.— 

4 (A) CRIPPS BEND.—Certain land in the 

5 Shawnee National Forest, totaling approxi6 mately 39 acres, located in Jackson County in 

7 the Big Muddy River watershed, in the area 

8 generally known as ‘‘Cripps Bend’’. 

9 (B) OPPORTUNITY AREA 6.—Certain land 

10 in the Shawnee National Forest, totaling ap11 proximately 50,000 acres, located in northern 

12 Pope County surrounding Bell Smith Springs 

13 Natural Area, in the area generally known as 

14 ‘‘Opportunity Area 6’’. 

15 (C) QUARREL CREEK.—Certain land in the 

16 Shawnee National Forest, totaling approxi17 mately 490 acres, located in northern Pope 

18 County in the Quarrel Creek watershed, in the 

19 area generally known as ‘‘Quarrel Creek’’. 

20 (9) MICHIGAN: TRAP HILLS.—Certain land in 

21 the Ottawa National Forest, Bergland Ranger Dis22 trict, totaling approximately 37,120 acres, known as 

23 the ‘‘Trap Hills’’, located approximately 5 miles 

24 from the town of Bergland, in Ontonagon County. 

25 (10) MINNESOTA.— 
51 

•S 1897 IS

1 (A) TROUT LAKE AND SUOMI HILLS.—Cer2 tain land in the Chippewa National Forest, to3 taling approximately 12,000 acres, known as 

4 ‘‘Trout Lake/Suomi Hills’’ in Itasca County. 

5 (B) LULLABY WHITE PINE RESERVE.— 

6 Certain land in the Superior National Forest, 

7 Gunflint Ranger District, totaling approxi8 mately 2,518 acres, in the South Brule Oppor9 tunity Area, northwest of Grand Marais in 

10 Cook County, known as the ‘‘Lullaby White 

11 Pine Reserve’’. 

12 (11) MISSOURI: ELEVEN POINT-BIG SPRINGS

13 AREA.—Certain land in the Mark Twain National 

14 Forest, Eleven Point Ranger District, totaling ap15 proximately 200,000 acres, comprised of the admin16 istrative area of the Eleven Point Ranger District, 

17 known as the ‘‘Eleven Point-Big Springs Area’’. 

18 (12) MONTANA: MOUNT BUSHNELL.—Certain 

19 land in the Lolo National Forest, totaling approxi20 mately 41,000 acres, located approximately 5 miles 

21 southwest of the town of Thompson Falls in the 

22 area generally known as ‘‘Mount Bushnell’’. 

23 (13) NEW MEXICO.— 

24 (A) ANGOSTURA.—Certain land in the 

25 eastern half of the Carson National Forest, Ca-
52 

•S 1897 IS

1 mino Real Ranger District, totaling approxi2 mately 10,000 acres, located in Township 21, 

3 Ranges 12 and 13, known as ‘‘Angostura’’, and 

4 bounded— 

5 (i) on the northeast, by Highway 518; 

6 (ii) on the southeast, by the Angos7 tura Creek watershed boundary; 

8 (iii) on the southern side, by Trail 19 

9 and the Pecos Wilderness; and 

10 (iv) on the west, by the Agua Piedra 

11 Creek watershed. 

12 (B) LA MANGA.—Certain land in the west13 ern half of the Carson National Forest, El Rito 

14 Ranger District, at the Vallecitos Sustained 

15 Yield Unit, totaling approximately 5,400 acres, 

16 known as ‘‘La Manga’’, in Township 27, Range 

17 6, and bounded— 

18 (i) on the north, by the Tierra 

19 Amarilla Land Grant; 

20 (ii) on the south, by Canada 

21 Escondida; 

22 (iii) on the west, by the Sustained 

23 Yield Unit boundary and the Tierra 

24 Amarilla Land Grant; and 

25 (iv) on the east, by the Rio Vallecitos. 
53 

•S 1897 IS

1 (C) ELK MOUNTAIN.—Certain land in the 

2 Santa Fe National Forest, totaling approxi3 mately 7,220 acres, known as ‘‘Elk Mountain’’ 

4 located in Townships 17 and 18 and Ranges 12 

5 and 13, and bounded— 

6 (i) on the north, by the Pecos Wilder7 ness; 

8 (ii) on the east, by the Cow Creek 

9 Watershed; 

10 (iii) on the west, by the Cow Creek; 

11 and 

12 (iv) on the south, by Rito de la Osha. 

13 (D) JEMEZ HIGHLANDS.—Certain land in 

14 the Jemez Ranger District of the Santa Fe Na15 tional Forest, totaling approximately 54,400 

16 acres, known as the ‘‘Jemez Highlands’’, lo17 cated primarily in Sandoval County. 

18 (14) NORTH CAROLINA.— 

19 (A) CENTRAL NANTAHALA CLUSTER, 

20 NORTH CAROLINA AREAS.—Certain land in the 

21 Nantahala National Forest, Tusquitee, Cheoah, 

22 and Wayah Ranger Districts, totaling approxi23 mately 107,000 acres, known as the ‘‘Central 

24 Nantahala Cluster, North Carolina Areas’’, 

25 comprised of 9 parcels known as ‘‘Tusquitee 
54 

•S 1897 IS

1 Bald’’, ‘‘Shooting Creek Bald’’, ‘‘Cheoah Bald’’, 

2 ‘‘Piercy Bald’’, ‘‘Wesser Bald’’, ‘‘Tellico Bald’’, 

3 ‘‘Split White Oak’’, ‘‘Siler Bald’’, and ‘‘South4 ern Nantahala Extensions’’, near the towns of 

5 Murphy, Franklin, Bryson City, Andrews, and 

6 Beechertown, in Cherokee County, Macon 

7 County, Clay County, and Swain County. 

8 (B) CHATTOOGA WATERSHED CLUSTER, 

9 NORTH CAROLINA AREAS.—Certain land in the 

10 Nantahala National Forest, Highlands Ranger 

11 District, totaling approximately 8,000 acres, 

12 known as the ‘‘Chattooga Watershed Cluster, 

13 North Carolina Areas’’, comprised of the Over14 flow (Blue Valley) and Terrapin Mountain par15 cels, 5 miles from the town of Highlands, in 

16 Macon County and Jackson County. 

17 (C) TENNESSEE BORDER CLUSTER, NORTH

18 CAROLINA AREAS.—Certain land in the 

19 Nantahala National Forest, Tusquitee and 

20 Cheoah Ranger Districts, totaling approxi21 mately 28,000 acres, known as the ‘‘Tennessee 

22 Border Cluster, North Carolina Areas’’, com23 prised of the 4 parcels known as the ‘‘Unicoi 

24 Mountains’’, ‘‘Deaden Tree’’, ‘‘Snowbird’’, and 

25 ‘‘Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock Extension’’, near the 
55 

•S 1897 IS

1 towns of Murphy and Robbinsville, in Cherokee 

2 County and Graham County. 

3 (D) BALD MOUNTAINS.—Certain land in 

4 the Pisgah National Forest, French Broad 

5 Ranger District, totaling approximately 13,000 

6 acres known as the ‘‘Bald Mountains’’, located 

7 12 miles northeast of the town of Hot Springs, 

8 in Madison County. 

9 (E) BIG IVY TRACT.—Certain land in the 

10 Pisgah National Forest, totaling approximately 

11 14,000 acres, located approximately 15 miles 

12 west of Mount Mitchell in the area generally 

13 known as the ‘‘Big Ivy Tract’’. 

14 (F) BLACK MOUNTAINS CLUSTER, NORTH

15 CAROLINA AREAS.—Certain land in the Pisgah 

16 National Forest, Toecane and Grandfather 

17 Ranger Districts, totaling approximately 62,000 

18 acres, known as the ‘‘Black Mountains Cluster, 

19 North Carolina Areas’’, comprised of 5 parcels 

20 known as ‘‘Craggy Mountains’’, ‘‘Black Moun21 tains’’, ‘‘Jarrett Creek’’, ‘‘Mackey Mountain’’, 

22 and ‘‘Woods Mountain’’, near the towns of 

23 Burnsville, Montreat and Marion, in Buncombe 

24 County, Yancey County, and McDowell County. 
56 

•S 1897 IS

1 (G) LINVILLE CLUSTER.—Certain land in 

2 the Pisgah National Forest, Grandfather Dis3 trict, totaling approximately 42,000 acres, 

4 known as the ‘‘Linville Cluster’’, comprised of 

5 7 parcels known as ‘‘Dobson Knob’’, ‘‘Linville 

6 Gorge Extension’’, ‘‘Steels Creek’’, ‘‘Sugar 

7 Knob’’, ‘‘Harper Creek’’, ‘‘Lost Cove’’, and 

8 ‘‘Upper Wilson Creek’’, near the towns of Mar9 ion, Morgantown, Spruce Pine, Linville, and 

10 Blowing Rock, in Burke County, McDowell 

11 County, Avery County, and Caldwell County. 

12 (H) NOLICHUCKY, NORTH CAROLINA

13 AREA.—Certain land in the Pisgah National 

14 Forest, Toecane Ranger District, totaling ap15 proximately 4,000 acres, known as the 

16 ‘‘Nolichucky, North Carolina Area’’, located 25 

17 miles northwest of Burnsville, in Mitchell Coun18 ty and Yancey County. 

19 (I) PISGAH CLUSTER, NORTH CAROLINA

20 AREAS.—Certain land in the Pisgah National 

21 Forest, Pisgah Ranger District, totaling ap22 proximately 52,000 acres, known as the ‘‘Pis23 gah Cluster, North Carolina Areas’’, comprised 

24 of 5 parcels known as ‘‘Shining Rock and Mid25 dle Prong Extensions’’, ‘‘Daniel Ridge’’, ‘‘Cedar 
57 

•S 1897 IS

1 Rock Mountain’’, ‘‘South Mills River’’, and 

2 ‘‘Laurel Mountain’’, 5 to 12 miles north of the 

3 town of Brevard and southwest of the city of 

4 Asheville, in Haywood County, Transylvania 

5 County, and Henderson County. 

6 (J) WILDCAT.—Certain land in the Pisgah 

7 National Forest, French Broad Ranger Dis8 trict, totaling approximately 6,500 acres, known 

9 as ‘‘Wildcat’’, located 20 miles northwest of the 

10 town of Canton, in Haywood County. 

11 (15) OHIO.— 

12 (A) ARCHERS FORK COMPLEX.—Certain 

13 land in the Marietta Unit of the Athens Ranger 

14 District, in the Wayne National Forest, in 

15 Washington County, known as ‘‘Archers Fork 

16 Complex’’, totaling approximately 18,350 acres, 

17 located northeast of Newport and bounded— 

18 (i) on the northwest, by State High19 way 26; 

20 (ii) on the northeast, by State High21 way 260; 

22 (iii) on the southeast, by the Ohio 

23 River; and 

24 (iv) on the southwest, by Bear Run 

25 and Danas Creek. 
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•S 1897 IS

1 (B) BLUEGRASS RIDGE.—Certain land in 

2 the Ironton Ranger District on the Wayne Na3 tional Forest, in Lawrence County, known as 

4 ‘‘Bluegrass Ridge’’, totaling approximately 

5 4,000 acres, located 3 miles east of Etna in 

6 Township 4 North, Range 17 West, Sections 19 

7 through 23 and 27 through 30. 

8 (C) BUFFALO CREEK.—Certain land in the 

9 Ironton Ranger District of the Wayne National 

10 Forest, Lawrence County, Ohio, known as 

11 ‘‘Buffalo Creek’’, totaling approximately 6500 

12 acres, located 4 miles northwest of Waterloo in 

13 Township 5 North, Ranger 17 West, sections 3 

14 through 10 and 15 through 18. 

15 (D) LAKE VESUVIUS.—Certain land in the 

16 Ironton Ranger District of the Wayne National 

17 Forest, in Lawrence County, totaling approxi18 mately 4,900 acres, generally known as ‘‘Lake 

19 Vesuvius’’, located to the east of Etna in Town20 ship 2 North, Range 18 West, and bounded— 

21 (i) on the southwest, by State High22 way 93; and 

23 (ii) on the northwest, by State High24 way 4. 
59 

•S 1897 IS

1 (E) MORGAN SISTERS.—Certain land in 

2 the Ironton Ranger District of the Wayne Na3 tional Forest, in Lawrence County, known as 

4 ‘‘Morgan Sisters’’, totaling approximately 2,500 

5 acres, located 1 mile east of Gallia and bounded 

6 by State Highway 233 in Township 6 North, 

7 Range 17 West, sections 13, 14, 23 and 24 and 

8 Township 5 North, Range 16 West, sections 18 

9 and 19. 

10 (F) UTAH RIDGE.—Certain land in the 

11 Athens Ranger District of the Wayne National 

12 Forest, in Athens County, known as ‘‘Utah 

13 Ridge’’, totaling approximately 9,000 acres, lo14 cated 1 mile northwest of Chauncey and bound15 ed— 

16 (i) on the southeast, by State High17 way 682 and State Highway 13; 

18 (ii) on the southwest, by US Highway 

19 33 and State Highway 216; and 

20 (iii) on the north, by State Highway 

21 665. 

22 (G) WILDCAT HOLLOW.—Certain land in 

23 the Athens Ranger District of the Wayne Na24 tional Forest, in Perry County and Morgan 

25 County, known as ‘‘Wildcat Hollow’’, totaling 
60 

•S 1897 IS

1 approximately 4,500 acres, located 1 mile east 

2 of Corning in Township 12 North, Range 14 

3 West, sections 1, 2, 11–14, 23 and 24 and 

4 Township 8 North, Range 13 West, sections 7, 

5 18, and 19. 

6 (16) OKLAHOMA: COW CREEK DRAINAGE, OKLA7 HOMA.—Certain land in the Ouachita National For8 est, Mena Ranger District, in Le Flore County, to9 taling approximately 3,000 acres, known as ‘‘Cow 

10 Creek Drainage, Oklahoma’’, and bounded approxi11 mately— 

12 (A) on the west, by the Beech Creek Na13 tional Scenic Area; 

14 (B) on the north, by State Highway 63; 

15 (C) on the east, by the Arkansas-Okla16 homa border; and 

17 (D) on the south, by County Road 9038 on 

18 the south. 

19 (17) OREGON: APPLEGATE WILDERNESS.—Cer20 tain land in the Siskiyou National Forest and Rogue 

21 River National Forest, totaling approximately 

22 20,000 acres, approximately 20 miles southwest of 

23 the town of Grants Pass and 10 miles south of the 

24 town of Williams, in the area generally known as the 

25 ‘‘Applegate Wilderness’’. 
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•S 1897 IS

1 (18) PENNSYLVANIA.— 

2 (A) THE BEAR CREEK SPECIAL AREA.— 

3 Certain land in the Allegheny National Forest, 

4 Marienville Ranger District, Elk County, total5 ing approximately 7,800 acres, and comprised 

6 of Allegheny National Forest land bounded— 

7 (i) on the west, by Forest Service 

8 Road 136; 

9 (ii) on the north, by Forest Service 

10 Roads 339 and 237; 

11 (iii) on the east, by Forest Service 

12 Road 143; and 

13 (iv) on the south, by Forest Service 

14 Road 135. 

15 (B) THE BOGUS ROCKS SPECIAL AREA.— 

16 Certain land in the Allegheny National Forest, 

17 Marienville Ranger District, Forest County, to18 taling approximately 1,015 acres, and com19 prised of Allegheny National Forest land in 

20 compartment 714 bounded— 

21 (i) on the northeast and east, by State 

22 Route 948; 

23 (ii) on the south, by State Route 66; 

24 (iii) on the southwest and west, by 

25 Township Road 370; 
62 

•S 1897 IS

1 (iv) on the northwest, by Forest Serv2 ice Road 632; and 

3 (v) on the north, by a pipeline. 

4 (C) THE CHAPPEL FORK SPECIAL AREA.— 

5 Certain land in the Allegheny National Forest, 

6 Bradford Ranger District, McKean County, to7 taling approximately 10,000 acres, and com8 prised of Allegheny National Forest land 

9 bounded— 

10 (i) on the south and southeast, by 

11 State Road 321; 

12 (ii) on the south, by Chappel Bay; 

13 (iii) on the west, by the Allegheny 

14 Reservoir; 

15 (iv) on the north, by State Route 59; 

16 and 

17 (v) on the east, by private land. 

18 (D) THE FOOLS CREEK SPECIAL AREA.— 

19 Certain land in the Allegheny National Forest, 

20 Bradford Ranger District, Warren County, to21 taling approximately 1,500 acres, and com22 prised of Allegheny National Forest land south 

23 and west of Forest Service Road 255 and west 

24 of FR 255A, bounded— 

25 (i) on the west, by Minister Road; and 
63 

•S 1897 IS

1 (ii) on the south, by private land. 

2 (E) THE HICKORY CREEK SPECIAL

3 AREA.—Certain land in the Allegheny National 

4 Forest, Bradford Ranger District, Warren 

5 County, totaling approximately 2,000 acres, and 

6 comprised of Allegheny National Forest land 

7 bounded— 

8 (i) on the east and northeast, by 

9 Heart’s Content Road; 

10 (ii) on the south, by Hickory Creek 

11 Wilderness Area; 

12 (iii) on the northwest, by private land; 

13 and 

14 (iv) on the north, by Allegheny Front 

15 National Recreation Area. 

16 (F) THE LAMENTATION RUN SPECIAL

17 AREA.—Certain land in the Allegheny National 

18 Forest, Marienville Ranger District, Forest 

19 County, totaling approximately 4,500 acres, 

20 and— 

21 (i) comprised of Allegheny National 

22 Forest land bounded— 

23 (I) on the north, by Tionesta 

24 Creek; 
64 

•S 1897 IS

1 (II) on the east, by Salmon 

2 Creek; 

3 (III) on the southeast and south4 west, by private land; and 

5 (IV) on the south, by Forest 

6 Service Road 210; and 

7 (ii) including the lower reaches of 

8 Bear Creek. 

9 (G) THE LEWIS RUN SPECIAL AREA.—Cer10 tain land in the Allegheny National Forest, 

11 Bradford Ranger District, McKean County, to12 taling approximately 500 acres, and comprised 

13 of Allegheny National Forest land north and 

14 east of Forest Service Road 312.3, including 

15 land known as the ‘‘Lewis Run Natural Area’’ 

16 and consisting of land within Compartment 

17 466, Stands 1–3, 5–8, 10–14, and 18–27. 

18 (H) THE MILL CREEK SPECIAL AREA.— 

19 Certain land in the Allegheny National Forest, 

20 Marienville Ranger District, Elk County, total21 ing approximately 2,000 acres, and comprised 

22 of Allegheny National Forest land within a 1- 

23 mile radius of the confluence of Red Mill Run 

24 and Big Mill Creek and known as the ‘‘Mill 

25 Creek Natural Area’’. 
65 

•S 1897 IS

1 (I) THE MILLSTONE CREEK SPECIAL

2 AREA.—Certain land in the Allegheny National 

3 Forest, Marienville Ranger District, Forest 

4 County, totaling approximately 30,000 acres, 

5 and comprised of Allegheny National Forest 

6 land bounded— 

7 (i) on the north, by State Route 66; 

8 (ii) on the northeast, by Forest Serv9 ice Road 226; 

10 (iii) on the east, by Forest Service 

11 Roads 130, 774, and 228; 

12 (iv) on the southeast, by State Road 

13 3002 and Forest Service Road 189; 

14 (v) on the south, by the Clarion River; 

15 and 

16 (vi) on the southwest, west, and 

17 northwest, by private land. 

18 (J) THE MINISTER CREEK SPECIAL

19 AREA.—Certain land in the Allegheny National 

20 Forest, Bradford Ranger District, Warren 

21 County, totalling approximately 6,600 acres, 

22 and comprised of Allegheny National Forest 

23 land bounded— 

24 (i) on the north, by a snowmobile 

25 trail; 
66 

•S 1897 IS

1 (ii) on the east, by Minister Road; 

2 (iii) on the south, by State Route 666 

3 and private land; 

4 (iv) on the southwest, by Forest Serv5 ice Road 420; and 

6 (v) on the west, by warrants 3109 and 

7 3014. 

8 (K) THE MUZETTE SPECIAL AREA.—Cer9 tain land in the Allegheny National Forest, 

10 Marienville Ranger District, Forest County, to11 taling approximately 325 acres, and comprised 

12 of Allegheny National Forest land bounded— 

13 (i) on the west, by 79°16′ longitude, 

14 approximately; 

15 (ii) on the north, by Forest Service 

16 Road 561; 

17 (iii) on the east, by Forest Service 

18 Road 212; and 

19 (iv) on the south, by private land. 

20 (L) THE SUGAR RUN SPECIAL AREA.—Cer21 tain land in the Allegheny National Forest, 

22 Bradford Ranger District, McKean County, to23 taling approximately 8,800 acres, and com24 prised of Allegheny National Forest land 

25 bounded— 
67 

•S 1897 IS

1 (i) on the north, by State Route 346 

2 and private land; 

3 (ii) on the east, by Forest Service 

4 Road 137; and 

5 (iii) on the south and west, by State 

6 Route 321. 

7 (M) THE TIONESTA SPECIAL AREA.—Cer8 tain land in the Allegheny National Forest, 

9 Bradford and Marienville Ranger Districts, Elk, 

10 Forest, McKean, and Warren Counties, total11 ling approximately 27,000 acres, and comprised 

12 of Allegheny National Forest land bounded— 

13 (i) on the west, by private land and 

14 State Route 948; 

15 (ii) on the northwest, by Forest Serv16 ice Road 258; 

17 (iii) on the north, by Hoffman Farm 

18 Recreation Area and Forest Service Road 

19 486; 

20 (iv) on the northeast, by private land 

21 and State Route 6; 

22 (v) on the east, by private land south 

23 to Forest Road 133, then by snowmobile 

24 trail from Forest Road 133 to Windy City, 
68 

•S 1897 IS

1 then by private land and Forest Road 327 

2 to Russell City; and 

3 (vi) on the southwest, by State Routes 

4 66 and 948. 

5 (19) SOUTH CAROLINA.— 

6 (A) BIG SHOALS, SOUTH CAROLINA

7 AREA.—Certain land in the Sumter National 

8 Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger District, in 

9 Oconee County, totaling approximately 2,000 

10 acres, known as ‘‘Big Shoals, South Carolina 

11 Area’’, 15 miles south of Highlands, North 

12 Carolina. 

13 (B) BRASSTOWN CREEK, SOUTH CAROLINA

14 AREA.—Certain land in the Sumter National 

15 Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger District, in 

16 Oconee County, totaling approximately 3,500 

17 acres, known as ‘‘Brasstown Creek, South 

18 Carolina Area’’, approximately 15 miles west of 

19 Westminster, South Carolina. 

20 (C) CHAUGA.—Certain land in the Sumter 

21 National Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger Dis22 trict, in Oconee County, totaling approximately 

23 16,000 acres, known as ‘‘Chauga’’, approxi24 mately 10 miles west of Walhalla, South Caro25 lina. 
69 

•S 1897 IS

1 (D) DARK BOTTOMS.—Certain land in the 

2 Sumter National Forest, Andrew Pickens Rang3 er District, in Oconee County, totaling approxi4 mately 4,000 acres, known as ‘‘Dark Bottoms’’, 

5 approximately 10 miles northwest of West6 minster, South Carolina. 

7 (E) ELLICOTT ROCK EXTENSION, SOUTH

8 CAROLINA AREA.—Certain land in the Sumter 

9 National Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger Dis10 trict, in Oconee County, totaling approximately 

11 2,000 acres, known as ‘‘Ellicott Rock Exten12 sion, South Carolina Area’’, located approxi13 mately 10 miles south of Cashiers, North Caro14 lina. 

15 (F) FIVE FALLS, SOUTH CAROLINA

16 AREA.—Certain land in the Sumter National 

17 Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger District, in 

18 Oconee County, totaling approximately 3,500 

19 acres, known as ‘‘Five Falls, South Carolina 

20 Area’’, approximately 10 miles southeast of 

21 Clayton, Georgia. 

22 (G) PERSIMMON MOUNTAIN.—Certain land 

23 in the Sumter National Forest, Andrew Pickens 

24 Ranger District, in Oconee County, totaling ap25 proximately 7,000 acres, known as ‘‘Persimmon 
70 

•S 1897 IS

1 Mountain’’, approximately 12 miles south of 

2 Cashiers, North Carolina. 

3 (H) ROCK GORGE, SOUTH CAROLINA

4 AREA.—Certain land in the Sumter National 

5 Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger District, in 

6 Oconee County, totaling approximately 2,000 

7 acres, known as ‘‘Rock Gorge, South Carolina 

8 Area’’, 12 miles southeast of Highlands, North 

9 Carolina. 

10 (I) TAMASSEE.—Certain land in the Sum11 ter National Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger 

12 District, in Oconee County, totaling approxi13 mately 5,500 acres, known as ‘‘Tamassee’’, ap14 proximately 10 miles north of Walhalla, South 

15 Carolina. 

16 (J) THRIFT’S FERRY, SOUTH CAROLINA

17 AREA.—Certain land in the Sumter National 

18 Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger District, in 

19 Oconee County, totaling approximately 5,000 

20 acres, known as ‘‘Thrift’s Ferry, South Caro21 lina Area’’, 10 miles east of Clayton, Georgia. 

22 (20) SOUTH DAKOTA.— 

23 (A) BLACK FOX AREA.—Certain land in 

24 the Black Hills National Forest, totaling ap25 proximately 12,400 acres, located in the upper 
71 

•S 1897 IS

1 reaches of the Rapid Creek watershed, known 

2 as the ‘‘Black Fox Area’’, and roughly bound3 ed— 

4 (i) on the north, by FDR 206; 

5 (ii) on the south, by the steep slopes 

6 north of Forest Road 231; and 

7 (iii) on the west, by a fork of Rapid 

8 Creek. 

9 (B) BREAKNECK AREA.—Certain land in 

10 the Black Hills National Forest, totaling 6,700 

11 acres, located along the northeast edge of the 

12 Black Hills in the vicinity of the Black Hills 

13 National Cemetery and the Bureau of Land 

14 Management’s Fort Meade Recreation Area, 

15 known as the ‘‘Breakneck Area’’, and gen16 erally— 

17 (i) bounded by Forest Roads 139 and 

18 169 on the north, west, and south; and 

19 (ii) demarcated along the eastern and 

20 western boundaries by the ridge-crests di21 viding the watershed. 

22 (C) NORBECK PRESERVE.—Certain land in 

23 the Black Hills National Forest, totaling ap24 proximately 27,766 acres, known as the 

25 ‘‘Norbeck Preserve’’, and encompassed approxi-
72 

•S 1897 IS

1 mately by a boundary that, starting at the 

2 southeast corner— 

3 (i) runs north along FDR 753 and 

4 United States Highway Alt. 16, then along 

5 SD 244 to the junction of Palmer Creek 

6 Road, which serves generally as a north7 west limit; 

8 (ii) heads south from the junction of 

9 Highways 87 and 89; 

10 (iii) runs southeast along Highway 

11 87; and 

12 (iv) runs east back to FDR 753, ex13 cluding a corridor of private land along 

14 FDR 345. 

15 (D) PILGER MOUNTAIN AREA.—Certain 

16 land in the Black Hills National Forest, total17 ing approximately 12,600 acres, known as the 

18 ‘‘Pilger Mountain Area’’, located in the Elk 

19 Mountains on the southwest edge of the Black 

20 Hills, and roughly bounded— 

21 (i) on the east and northeast, by For22 est Roads 318 and 319; 

23 (ii) on the north and northwest, by 

24 Road 312; and 

25 (iii) on the southwest, by private land. 
73 

•S 1897 IS

1 (E) STAGEBARN CANYONS.—Certain land 

2 in the Black Hills National Forest, known as 

3 ‘‘Stagebarn Canyons’’, totaling approximately 

4 7,300 acres, approximately 10 miles west of 

5 Rapid City, South Dakota. 

6 (21) TENNESSEE.— 

7 (A) BALD MOUNTAINS CLUSTER, TEN8 NESSEE AREAS.—Certain land in the 

9 Nolichucky and Unaka Ranger Districts of the 

10 Cherokee National Forest, in Cocke County, 

11 Green County, Washington County, and Unicoi 

12 County, totaling approximately 46,133 acres, 

13 known as the ‘‘Bald Mountains Cluster, Ten14 nessee Areas’’, and comprised of 10 parcels 

15 known as ‘‘Laurel Hollow Mountain’’, ‘‘Devil’s 

16 Backbone’’, ‘‘Laurel Mountain’’, ‘‘Walnut 

17 Mountain’’, ‘‘Wolf Creek’’, ‘‘Meadow Creek 

18 Mountain’’, ‘‘Brush Creek Mountain’’, ‘‘Paint 

19 Creek’’, ‘‘Bald Mountain’’, and ‘‘Sampson 

20 Mountain Extension’’, located near the towns of 

21 Newport, Hot Springs, Greeneville, and Erwin. 

22 (B) BIG FROG/COHUTTA CLUSTER.—Cer23 tain land in the Cherokee National Forest, in 

24 Polk County, Ocoee Ranger District, Hiwassee 

25 Ranger District, and Tennessee Ranger Dis-
74 

•S 1897 IS

1 trict, totaling approximately 28,800 acres, 

2 known as the ‘‘Big Frog/Cohutta Cluster’’, 

3 comprised of 4 parcels known as ‘‘Big Frog Ex4 tensions’’, ‘‘Little Frog Extensions’’, ‘‘Smith 

5 Mountain’’, and ‘‘Rock Creek’’, located near the 

6 towns of Copperhill, Ducktown, Turtletown, and 

7 Benton. 

8 (C) CITICO CREEK WATERSHED CLUSTER

9 TENNESSEE AREAS.—Certain land in the 

10 Tellico Ranger District of the Cherokee Na11 tional Forest, in Monroe County, totaling ap12 proximately 14,256 acres, known as the ‘‘Citico 

13 Creek Watershed Cluster, Tennessee Areas’’, 

14 comprised of 4 parcels known as ‘‘Flats Moun15 tain’’, ‘‘Miller Ridge’’, ‘‘Cowcamp Ridge’’, and 

16 ‘‘Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock Extension’’, near the 

17 town of Tellico Plains. 

18 (D) IRON MOUNTAINS CLUSTER.—Certain 

19 land in the Cherokee National Forest, Watauga 

20 Ranger District, totaling approximately 58,090 

21 acres, known as the ‘‘Iron Mountains Cluster’’, 

22 comprised of 8 parcels known as ‘‘Big Laurel 

23 Branch Addition’’, ‘‘Hickory Flat Branch’’, 

24 ‘‘Flint Mill’’, ‘‘Lower Iron Mountain’’, ‘‘Upper 

25 Iron Mountain’’, ‘‘London Bridge’’, 
75 

•S 1897 IS

1 ‘‘Beaverdam Creek’’, and ‘‘Rodgers Ridge’’, lo2 cated near the towns of Bristol and 

3 Elizabethton, in Sullivan County and Johnson 

4 County. 

5 (E) NORTHERN UNICOI MOUNTAINS CLUS6 TER.—Certain land in the Tellico Ranger Dis7 trict of the Cherokee National Forest, in Mon8 roe County, totaling approximately 30,453 

9 acres, known as the ‘‘Northern Unicoi Moun10 tain Cluster’’, comprised of 4 parcels known as 

11 ‘‘Bald River Gorge Extension’’, ‘‘Upper Bald 

12 River’’, ‘‘Sycamore Creek’’, and ‘‘Brushy 

13 Ridge’’, near the town of Tellico Plains. 

14 (F) ROAN MOUNTAIN CLUSTER.—Certain 

15 land in the Cherokee National Forest, Unaka 

16 and Watauga Ranger Districts, totaling ap17 proximately 23,725 acres known as the ‘‘Roan 

18 Mountain Cluster’’, comprised of 7 parcels 

19 known as ‘‘Strawberry Mountain’’, ‘‘Highlands 

20 of Roan’’, ‘‘Ripshin Ridge’’, ‘‘Doe River Gorge 

21 Scenic Area’’, ‘‘White Rocks Mountain’’, ‘‘Slide 

22 Hollow’’ and ‘‘Watauga Reserve’’, approxi23 mately 8 to 20 miles south of the town of 

24 Elizabethton, in Unicoi County, Carter County, 

25 and Johnson County. 
76 

•S 1897 IS

1 (G) SOUTHERN UNICOI MOUNTAINS CLUS2 TER.—Certain land in the Hiwassee Ranger 

3 District of the Cherokee National Forest, in 

4 Polk County, Monroe County, and McMinn 

5 County, totaling approximately 11,251 acres, 

6 known as the ‘‘Southern Unicoi Mountains 

7 Cluster’’, comprised of 3 parcels known as ‘‘Gee 

8 Creek Extension’’, ‘‘Coker Creek’’, and ‘‘Buck 

9 Bald’’, near the towns of Etowah, Benton, and 

10 Turtletown. 

11 (H) UNAKA MOUNTAINS CLUSTER, TEN12 NESSEE AREAS.—Certain land in the Cherokee 

13 National Forest, Unaka Ranger District, total14 ing approximately 15,669 acres, known as the 

15 ‘‘Unaka Mountains Cluster, Tennessee Areas’’, 

16 comprised of 3 parcels known as ‘‘Nolichucky’’, 

17 ‘‘Unaka Mountain Extension’’, and ‘‘Stone 

18 Mountain’’, approximately 8 miles from Erwin, 

19 in Unicoi County and Carter County. 

20 (22) TEXAS: LONGLEAF RIDGE.—Certain land 

21 in the Angelina National Forest, in Jasper County 

22 and Angelina County, totaling approximately 30,000 

23 acres, generally known as ‘‘Longleaf Ridge’’, and 

24 bounded— 
77 

•S 1897 IS

1 (A) on the west, by Upland Island Wilder2 ness Area; 

3 (B) on the south, by the Neches River; and 

4 (C) on the northeast, by Sam Rayburn 

5 Reservoir. 

6 (23) VERMONT.— 

7 (A) GLASTENBURY AREA.—Certain land in 

8 the Green Mountain National Forest, totaling 

9 approximately 35,000 acres, located 3 miles 

10 northeast of Bennington, generally known as 

11 the ‘‘Glastenbury Area’’, and bounded— 

12 (i) on the north, by Kelly Stand Road; 

13 (ii) on the east, by Forest Road 71; 

14 (iii) on the south, by Route 9; and 

15 (iv) on the west, by Route 7. 

16 (B) LAMB BROOK.—Certain land in the 

17 Green Mountain National Forest, totaling ap18 proximately 5,500 acres, located 3 miles south19 west of Wilmington, generally known as ‘‘Lamb 

20 Brook’’, and bounded— 

21 (i) on the west, by Route 8; 

22 (ii) on the south, by Route 100; 

23 (iii) on the north, by Route 9; and 

24 (iv) on the east, by land owned by 

25 New England Power Company. 
78 

•S 1897 IS

1 (C) ROBERT FROST MOUNTAIN AREA.— 

2 Certain land in the Green Mountain National 

3 Forest, totaling approximately 8,500 acres, 

4 known as ‘‘Robert Frost Mountain Area’’, lo5 cated northeast of Middlebury, consisting of the 

6 Forest Service land bounded— 

7 (i) on the west, by Route 116; 

8 (ii) on the north, by Bristol Notch 

9 Road; 

10 (iii) on the east, by Lincoln/Ripton 

11 Road; and 

12 (iv) on the south, by Route 125. 

13 (24) VIRGINIA.— 

14 (A) BEAR CREEK.—Certain land in the 

15 Jefferson National Forest, Wythe Ranger Dis16 trict, known as ‘‘Bear Creek’’, north of Rural 

17 Retreat, in Smyth County and Wythe County. 

18 (B) CAVE SPRINGS.—Certain land in the 

19 Jefferson National Forest, Clinch Ranger Dis20 trict, totaling approximately 3,000 acres, known 

21 as ‘‘Cave Springs’’, between State Route 621 

22 and the North Fork of the Powell River, in Lee 

23 County. 

24 (C) DISMAL CREEK.—Certain land totaling 

25 approximately 6,000 acres, in the Jefferson Na-
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•S 1897 IS

1 tional Forest, Blacksburg Ranger District, 

2 known as ‘‘Dismal Creek’’, north of State 

3 Route 42, in Giles County and Bland County. 

4 (D) STONE COAL CREEK.—Certain land in 

5 the Jefferson National Forest, New Castle 

6 Ranger District, totaling approximately 2,000 

7 acres, known as ‘‘Stone Coal Creek’’, in Craig 

8 County and Botentourt County. 

9 (E) WHITE OAK RIDGE: TERRAPIN MOUN10 TAIN.—Certain land in the Glenwood Ranger 

11 District of the Jefferson National Forest, 

12 known as ‘‘White Oak Ridge—Terrapin Moun13 tain’’, totaling approximately 8,000 acres, east 

14 of the Blue Ridge Parkway, in Botentourt 

15 County and Rockbridge County. 

16 (F) WHITETOP MOUNTAIN.—Certain land 

17 in the Jefferson National Forest, Mt. Rodgers 

18 Recreation Area, totaling 3,500 acres, known as 

19 ‘‘Whitetop Mountain’’, in Washington County, 

20 Smyth County, and Grayson County. 

21 (G) WILSON MOUNTAIN.—Certain land 

22 known as ‘‘Wilson Mountain’’, in the Jefferson 

23 National Forest, Glenwood Ranger District, to24 taling approximately 5,100 acres, east of Inter-
80 

•S 1897 IS

1 state 81, in Botentourt County and Rockbridge 

2 County. 

3 (H) FEATHERCAMP.—Certain land in the 

4 Mt. Rodgers Recreation Area of the Jefferson 

5 National Forest, totaling 4,974 acres, known as 

6 ‘‘Feathercamp’’, located northeast of the town 

7 of Damascus and north of State Route 58 on 

8 the Feathercamp ridge, in Washington County. 

9 (25) WISCONSIN.— 

10 (A) FLYNN LAKE.—Certain land in the 

11 Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, 

12 Washburn Ranger District, totaling approxi13 mately 5,700 acres, known as ‘‘Flynn Lake’’, in 

14 the Flynn Lake semi-primitive nonmotorized 

15 area, in Bayfield County. 

16 (B) GHOST LAKE CLUSTER.—Certain land 

17 in the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, 

18 Great Divide Ranger District, totaling approxi19 mately 6,000 acres, known as ‘‘Ghost Lake 

20 Cluster’’, including 5 parcels known as ‘‘Ghost 

21 Lake’’, ‘‘Perch Lake’’, ‘‘Lower Teal River’’, 

22 ‘‘Foo Lake’’, and ‘‘Bulldog Springs’’, in Sawyer 

23 County. 

24 (C) LAKE OWENS CLUSTER.—Certain land 

25 in the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, 
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•S 1897 IS

1 Great Divide and Washburn Ranger Districts, 

2 totaling approximately 3,600 acres, known as 

3 ‘‘Lake Owens Cluster’’, comprised of parcels 

4 known as ‘‘Lake Owens’’, ‘‘Eighteenmile 

5 Creek’’, ‘‘Northeast Lake’’, and ‘‘Sugarbush 

6 Lake’’, in Bayfield County. 

7 (D) MEDFORD CLUSTER.—Certain land in 

8 the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, 

9 Medford-Park Falls Ranger District, totaling 

10 approximately 23,000 acres, known as the 

11 ‘‘Medford Cluster’’, comprised of 12 parcels 

12 known as ‘‘County E Hardwoods’’, ‘‘Silver 

13 Creek/Mondeaux River Bottoms’’, ‘‘Lost Lake 

14 Esker’’, ‘‘North and South Fork Yellow Riv15 ers’’, ‘‘Bear Creek’’, ‘‘Brush Creek’’, 

16 ‘‘Chequamegon Waters’’, ‘‘John’s and Joseph 

17 Creeks’’, ‘‘Hay Creek Pine-Flatwoods’’, ‘‘558 

18 Hardwoods’’, ‘‘Richter Lake’’, and ‘‘Lower Yel19 low River’’, in Taylor County. 

20 (E) PARK FALLS CLUSTER.—Certain land 

21 in the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, 

22 Medford-Park Falls Ranger District, totaling 

23 approximately 23,000 acres, known as ‘‘Park 

24 Falls Cluster’’, comprised of 11 parcels known 

25 as ‘‘Sixteen Lakes’’, ‘‘Chippewa Trail’’, ‘‘Tuck-
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•S 1897 IS

1 er and Amik Lakes’’, ‘‘Lower Rice Creek’’, 

2 ‘‘Doering Tract’’, ‘‘Foulds Creek’’, ‘‘Bootjack 

3 Conifers’’, ‘‘Pond’’, ‘‘Mud and Riley Lake 

4 Peatlands’’, ‘‘Little Willow Drumlin’’, and ‘‘Elk 

5 River’’, in Price County and Vilas County. 

6 (F) PENOKEE MOUNTAIN CLUSTER.—Cer7 tain land in the Chequamegon-Nicolet National 

8 Forest, Great Divide Ranger District, totaling 

9 approximately 23,000 acres, known as 

10 ‘‘Penokee Mountain Cluster’’, comprised of— 

11 (i) the Marengo River and 

12 Brunsweiler River semi-primitive non13 motorized areas; and 

14 (ii) parcels known as ‘‘St. Peters 

15 Dome’’, ‘‘Brunsweiler River Gorge’’, ‘‘Lake 

16 Three’’, ‘‘Hell Hole Creek’’, and ‘‘North 

17 Country Trail Hardwoods’’, in Ashland 

18 County and Bayfield County. 

19 (G) SOUTHEAST GREAT DIVIDE CLUS20 TER.—Certain land in the Chequamegon21 Nicolet National Forest, Medford Park Falls 

22 Ranger District, totaling approximately 25,000 

23 acres, known as the ‘‘Southeast Great Divide 

24 Cluster’’, comprised of parcels known as 

25 ‘‘Snoose Lake’’, ‘‘Cub Lake’’, ‘‘Springbrook 
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•S 1897 IS

1 Hardwoods’’, ‘‘Upper Moose River’’, ‘‘East 

2 Fork Chippewa River’’, ‘‘Upper Torch River’’, 

3 ‘‘Venison Creek’’, ‘‘Upper Brunet River’’, 

4 ‘‘Bear Lake Slough’’, and ‘‘Noname Lake’’, in 

5 Ashland County and Sawyer County. 

6 (H) DIAMOND ROOF CLUSTER.—Certain 

7 land in the Chequamegon-Nicolet National For8 est, Lakewood-Laona Ranger District, totaling 

9 approximately 6,000 acres, known as ‘‘Diamond 

10 Roof Cluster’’, comprised of 4 parcels known as 

11 ‘‘McCaslin Creek’’, ‘‘Ada Lake’’, ‘‘Section 10 

12 Lake’’, and ‘‘Diamond Roof’’, in Forest County, 

13 Langlade County, and Oconto County. 

14 (I) ARGONNE FOREST CLUSTER.—Certain 

15 land in the Chequamegon-Nicolet National For16 est, Eagle River-Florence Ranger District, to17 taling approximately 12,000 acres, known as 

18 ‘‘Argonne Forest Cluster’’, comprised of parcels 

19 known as ‘‘Argonne Experimental Forest’’, 

20 ‘‘Scott Creek’’, ‘‘Atkins Lake’’, and ‘‘Island 

21 Swamp’’, in Forest County. 

22 (J) BONITA GRADE.—Certain land in the 

23 Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Lake24 wood-Laona Ranger District, totaling approxi25 mately 1,200 acres, known as ‘‘Bonita Grade’’, 
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•S 1897 IS

1 comprised of parcels known as ‘‘Mountain 

2 Lakes’’, ‘‘Temple Lake’’, ‘‘Second South 

3 Branch’’, ‘‘First South Branch’’, and ‘‘South 

4 Branch Oconto River’’, in Langlade County. 

5 (K) FRANKLIN AND BUTTERNUT LAKES

6 CLUSTER.—Certain land in the Chequamegon7 Nicolet National Forest, Eagle River-Florence 

8 Ranger District, totaling approximately 12,000 

9 acres, known as ‘‘Franklin and Butternut 

10 Lakes Cluster’’, comprised of 8 parcels known 

11 as ‘‘Bose Lake Hemlocks’’, ‘‘Luna White 

12 Deer’’, ‘‘Echo Lake’’, ‘‘Franklin and Butternut 

13 Lakes’’, ‘‘Wolf Lake’’, ‘‘Upper Ninemile’’, 

14 ‘‘Meadow’’, and ‘‘Bailey Creeks’’, in Forest 

15 County and Oneida County. 

16 (L) LAUTERMAN LAKE AND KIEPER

17 CREEK.—Certain land in the Chequamegon18 Nicolet National Forest, Eagle River-Florence 

19 Ranger District, totaling approximately 2,500 

20 acres, known as ‘‘Lauterman Lake and Kieper 

21 Creek’’, in Florence County. 

22 (26) WYOMING: SAND CREEK AREA.— 

23 (A) IN GENERAL.—Certain land in the 

24 Black Hills National Forest, totaling approxi25 mately 8,300 acres known as the ‘‘Sand Creek 
85 

•S 1897 IS

1 area’’, located in Crook County, in the far 

2 northwest corner of the Black Hills. 

3 (B) BOUNDARY.—Beginning in the north4 west corner and proceeding counterclockwise, 

5 the boundary for the Sand Creek Area roughly 

6 follows— 

7 (i) forest Roads 863, 866, 866.1B; 

8 (ii) a line linking forest roads 866.1B 

9 and 802.1B; 

10 (iii) forest road 802.1B; 

11 (iv) forest road 802.1; 

12 (v) an unnamed road; 

13 (vi) Spotted Tail Creek (excluding all 

14 private land); 

15 (vii) forest road 829.1; 

16 (viii) a line connecting forest roads 

17 829.1 and 864; 

18 (ix) forest road 852.1; and 

19 (x) a line connecting forest roads 

20 852.1 and 863. 

21 (d) COMMITTEE OF SCIENTISTS.— 

22 (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretaries con23 cerned shall appoint a committee consisting of sci24 entists who— 
86 

•S 1897 IS

1 (A) are not officers or employees of the 

2 Federal Government; 

3 (B) are not officers or employees of any 

4 entity engaged in whole or in part in the pro5 duction of wood or wood products; and 

6 (C) have not contracted with or rep7 resented any entity described in subparagraph 

8 (A) or (B) in a period beginning 5 years before 

9 the date on which the scientist is appointed to 

10 the committee. 

11 (2) RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ADDITIONAL SPE12 CIAL AREAS.—Not later than 2 years of the date of 

13 the enactment of this Act, the committee shall pro14 vide Congress with recommendations for additional 

15 special areas. 

16 (3) CANDIDATE AREAS.—Candidate areas for 

17 recommendation as additional special areas shall 

18 have outstanding biological values that are exem19 plary on a local, regional, and national level, includ20 ing the presence of— 

21 (A) threatened or endangered species of 

22 plants or animals; 

23 (B) rare or endangered ecosystems; 

24 (C) key habitats necessary for the recovery 

25 of endangered or threatened species; 
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•S 1897 IS

1 (D) recovery or restoration areas of rare or 

2 underrepresented forest ecosystems; 

3 (E) migration corridors; 

4 (F) areas of outstanding biodiversity; 

5 (G) old growth forests; 

6 (H) commercial fisheries; and 

7 (I) sources of clean water such as key wa8 tersheds. 

9 (4) GOVERNING PRINCIPLE.—The committee 

10 shall adhere to the principles of conservation biology 

11 in identifying special areas based on biological val12 ues. 

13 SEC. 204. RESTRICTIONS ON MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN 

14 ANCIENT FORESTS, ROADLESS AREAS, WA15 TERSHED PROTECTION AREAS, AND SPECIAL 

16 AREAS. 

17 (a) RESTRICTION OF MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN

18 ANCIENT FORESTS.—On Federal land located in Ancient 

19 forests— 

20 (1) no roads shall be constructed or recon21 structed; 

22 (2) no extractive logging shall be permitted; and 

23 (3) no improvements for the purpose of extrac24 tive logging shall be permitted. 
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1 (b) RESTRICTION OF MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN

2 ROADLESS AREAS.—On Federal land located in roadless 

3 areas (except military installations)— 

4 (1) no roads shall be constructed or recon5 structed; 

6 (2) no extractive logging shall be permitted ex7 cept of non-native invasive tree species, in which 

8 case the limitations on logging in title I shall apply; 

9 and 

10 (3) no improvements for the purpose of extrac11 tive logging shall be permitted. 

12 (c) RESTRICTION OF MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN

13 WATERSHED PROTECTION AREAS.—On Federal land lo14 cated in watershed protection areas— 

15 (1) no roads shall be constructed or recon16 structed; 

17 (2) no extractive logging shall be permitted ex18 cept of non-native invasive tree species, in which 

19 case the limitations on logging in title I shall apply; 

20 and 

21 (3) no improvements for the purpose of extrac22 tive logging shall be permitted. 

23 (d) RESTRICTION OF MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN

24 SPECIAL AREAS.—On Federal land located in special 

25 areas— 
89 

•S 1897 IS

1 (1) no roads shall be constructed or recon2 structed; 

3 (2) no extractive logging shall be permitted ex4 cept of non-native invasive tree species, in which 

5 case the limitations on logging in title I shall apply; 

6 and 

7 (3) no improvements for the purpose of extrac8 tive logging shall be permitted. 

9 (e) MAINTENANCE OF EXISTING ROADS.— 

10 (1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para11 graph (2), the restrictions described in subsection 

12 (a) shall not prohibit the maintenance of an im13 proved road, or any road accessing private 

14 inholdings. 

15 (2) ABANDONED ROADS.—Any road that the 

16 Secretary determines to have been abandoned before 

17 the date of enactment of this Act shall not be main18 tained or reconstructed. 

19 (f) ENFORCEMENT.— 

20 (1) FINDING.—Congress finds that all people of 

21 the United States are injured by actions on land to 

22 which this section applies. 

23 (2) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this subsection 

24 is to foster the widest possible enforcement of this 

25 section. 
90 

•S 1897 IS

1 (3) FEDERAL ENFORCEMENT.—The Secretary 

2 and the Attorney General of the United States shall 

3 enforce this section against any person that violates 

4 this section. 

5 (4) CITIZEN SUITS.— 

6 (A) IN GENERAL.—A citizen harmed by a 

7 violation of this section may enforce this section 

8 by bringing a civil action for a declaratory judg9 ment, a temporary restraining order, an injunc10 tion, statutory damages, or other remedy 

11 against any alleged violator, including the 

12 United States, in any district court of the 

13 United States. 

14 (B) JUDICIAL RELIEF.—If a district court 

15 of the United States determines that a violation 

16 of this section has occurred, the district court— 

17 (i) shall impose a damage award of 

18 not less than $5,000; 

19 (ii) may issue 1 or more injunctions 

20 or other forms of equitable relief; and 

21 (iii) shall award to each prevailing 

22 party the reasonable costs of bringing the 

23 action, including attorney’s fees, witness 

24 fees, and other necessary expenses. 
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1 (C) STANDARD OF PROOF.—The standard 

2 of proof in all actions under this paragraph 

3 shall be the preponderance of the evidence. 

4 (D) TRIAL.—A trial for any action under 

5 this section shall be de novo. 

6 (E) PAYMENT OF DAMAGES.— 

7 (i) NON-FEDERAL VIOLATOR.—A 

8 damage award under subparagraph (B)(i) 

9 shall be paid by a non-Federal violator or 

10 violators designated by the court to the 

11 Treasury. 

12 (ii) FEDERAL VIOLATOR.— 

13 (I) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 

14 40 days after the date on which judg15 ment is rendered, a damage award 

16 under subparagraph (B)(i) for which 

17 the United States is determined to be 

18 liable shall be paid from the Treasury, 

19 as provided under section 1304 of title 

20 31, United States Code, to the person 

21 or persons designated to receive the 

22 damage award. 

23 (II) USE OF DAMAGE AWARD.—A 

24 damage award described under sub25 clause (I) shall be used by the recipi-
92 

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1 ent to protect or restore native bio2 diversity on Federal land or on land 

3 adjoining Federal land. 

4 (III) COURT COSTS.—Any award 

5 of costs of litigation and any award of 

6 attorney fees shall be paid by a Fed7 eral violator not later than 40 days 

8 after the date on which judgment is 

9 rendered. 

10 (5) WAIVER OF SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY.— 

11 (A) IN GENERAL.—The United States (in12 cluding agents and employees of the United 

13 States) waives its sovereign immunity in all re14 spects in all actions under this section. 

15 (B) NOTICE.—No notice is required to en16 force this subsection. 

17 TITLE III—EFFECTIVE DATE 

18 SEC. 301. EFFECTIVE DATE. 

19 This Act and the amendments made by this Act take 

20 effect on the date of enactment of this Act. 

21 SEC. 302. EFFECT ON EXISTING CONTRACTS. 

22 This Act and the amendments made by this Act shall 

23 not apply to any contract for the sale of timber that was 

24 entered into on or before the date of enactment of this 

25 Act. 
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•S 1897 IS

1 SEC. 303. WILDERNESS ACT EXCLUSION. 

2 This Act and the amendments made by this Act shall 

3 not apply to any Federal wilderness area designated under 

4 the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.). 

5 TITLE IV—GIANT SEQUOIA 

6 NATIONAL MONUMENT 

7 SEC. 401. FINDINGS. 

8 Congress finds that— 

9 (1) in accordance with the Act of June 8, 1906 

10 (16 U.S.C. 431 et seq.), the Giant Sequoia National 

11 Monument was created by presidential proclamation 

12 on April 15, 2000; 

13 (2) the Proclamation accurately states the fol14 lowing: ‘‘The rich and varied landscape of the Giant 

15 Sequoia National Monument holds a diverse array of 

16 scientific and historic resources. Magnificent groves 

17 of towering giant sequoias, the world’s largest trees, 

18 are interspersed within a great belt of coniferous 

19 forest, jeweled with mountain meadows. Bold gra20 nitic domes and spires, and plunging gorges, texture 

21 the landscape. The area’s elevation climbs from 

22 about 2,500 to 9,700 feet over a distance of only a 

23 few miles, capturing an extraordinary number of 

24 habitats within a relatively small area. This spec25 trum of ecosystems is home to a diverse array of 

26 plants and animals, many of which are rare or en-
94 

•S 1897 IS

1 demic to the southern Sierra Nevada. The monu2 ment embraces limestone caverns and holds unique 

3 paleological resources documenting tens of thou4 sands of years of ecosystem change. The monument 

5 also has many archaeological sites recording Native 

6 American occupation and adaptations to this com7 plex landscape, and historic remnants of early 

8 Euroamerican settlement as well as the commercial 

9 exploitation of the giant sequoias. The monument 

10 provides exemplary opportunities for biologists, ge11 ologists, paleontologists, archaeologists, and histo12 rians to study these objects.’’; 

13 (3) the various ecosystems cited as the basis for 

14 establishment of the Monument— 

15 (A) extend beyond the existing boundaries 

16 of the Monument; and 

17 (B) encompass the fragile and extremely 

18 diverse southern Sierra Nevada bioregion and 

19 the overlapping Mohave ecosystem; 

20 (4) to protect all the ecosystems and objects de21 scribed in the Proclamation, the boundaries of the 

22 Monument must be extended to provide for water23 shed integrity, seasonal wildlife migrations, and 

24 other benefits; 
95 

•S 1897 IS

1 (5) even though the primary reason for estab2 lishing the Monument was to rescue the area from 

3 the effects of road building and severe logging imple4 mented by the Forest Service, the Proclamation left 

5 the Monument under the jurisdiction of the Chief of 

6 the Forest Service; 

7 (6) the Proclamation provides the following: 

8 ‘‘No portion of the Monument shall be considered to 

9 be suited for timber production, and no part of the 

10 Monument shall be used in a calculation or provision 

11 of a sustained yield of timber from the Sequoia Na12 tional Forest.’’; 

13 (7) the Proclamation provided that ‘‘[t]hese for14 ests [in the Monument] need restoration to counter15 act the effects of a century of fire suppression and 

16 logging’’; 

17 (8) throughout the history of the Forest Serv18 ice, the Forest Service has been focused on the log19 ging of Federal land for the purpose of selling tim20 ber; 

21 (9) because of this emphasis on logging and for 

22 other reasons, the National Park Service would be 

23 better able to manage the Monument than the For24 est Service; 
96 

•S 1897 IS

1 (10) the National Park Service manages 73 na2 tional monuments, many of which were originally 

3 under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service and were 

4 later transferred to the National Park System by an 

5 Act of Congress or by Executive Order; 

6 (11) national monuments were managed by dif7 ferent Federal agencies, including the Department of 

8 Agriculture, until 1933, when President Franklin D. 

9 Roosevelt consolidated the management of national 

10 monuments in the National Park Service through 

11 Executive Order 6166 of June 10, 1933, and Execu12 tive Order 6228 of July 28, 1933; 

13 (12) in most cases, national monuments estab14 lished by presidential proclamation and assigned to 

15 the Forest Service or other Federal agencies have 

16 been ultimately transferred to the Secretary of the 

17 Interior, to be managed by the National Park Serv18 ice; 

19 (13) in a number of cases, Congress has even20 tually converted national monuments under the ju21 risdiction of the National Park Service into national 

22 parks; 

23 (14) national monuments that were converted 

24 into national parks include the Grand Canyon Na-
97 

•S 1897 IS

1 tional Park, Olympic National Park, and Death Val2 ley National Park; 

3 (15) Congress has converted large areas of na4 tional forests into some of the national parks and 

5 national monuments most cherished by the people of 

6 the United States; 

7 (16) prominent examples of conversions in the 

8 region of the Monument are— 

9 (A) Kings Canyon National Park, which 

10 was created out of the Sierra National Forest 

11 and Sequoia National Forest in 1940; 

12 (B) the major eastward extension doubling 

13 the size of Sequoia National Park in 1926, with 

14 land for the addition being taken from the Se15 quoia National Forest; and 

16 (C) the Mineral King addition to the Se17 quoia National Park in 1978, with land for the 

18 addition being taken from Sequoia National 

19 Forest; 

20 (17) the Monument has more acres of sequoia 

21 groves than are contained in Sequoia, Kings Canyon, 

22 Yosemite, and Calaveras Big Tree, which are the 

23 only national parks and State parks in which se24 quoias occur; 
98 

•S 1897 IS

1 (18) the largest tree in the world may still 

2 await discovery in some remote area of the Monu3 ment; 

4 (19) to save the ecological integrity of the 

5 Monument, it is essential that the approximately 

6 40,640 acres of land between the Western Divide 

7 (commonly known as the ‘‘Greenhorn Mountains’’) 

8 and the center line of the Kern River, south to the 

9 boundary line between Tulare and Kern counties, be 

10 included in the monument; 

11 (20) Sequoia National Forest land, north of Se12 quoia National Park, should be added to the Sierra 

13 National Forest, which adjoins the Sierra National 

14 Forest on the north; 

15 (21) for reasons of accessibility, economy, and 

16 general efficiency of operation, the remaining Se17 quoia National Forest territory south of Sequoia Na18 tional Park belongs in the Inyo National Forest, 

19 which already shares the Golden Trout Wilderness 

20 with the Sequoia National Forest; and 

21 (22) the overlapping jurisdiction with respect to 

22 the Sequoia National Forest territory results in 

23 needlessly wasteful management procedures. 

24 SEC. 402. DEFINITIONS. 

25 In this title: 
99 

•S 1897 IS

1 (1) ADVISORY BOARD.—The term ‘‘Advisory 

2 Board’’ means the Giant Sequoia National Monu3 ment Advisory Board established under section 

4 404(d)(1). 

5 (2) MANAGEMENT PLAN.—The term ‘‘manage6 ment plan’’ means the management plan for the 

7 Monument required by the Proclamation. 

8 (3) MONUMENT.—The term ‘‘Monument’’ 

9 means the Giant Sequoia National Monument estab10 lished by the Proclamation. 

11 (4) PROCLAMATION.—The term ‘‘Proclama12 tion’’ means the Presidential Proclamation number 

13 7295, dated April 15, 2000 (65 Fed. Reg. 24095). 

14 (5) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 

15 the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Di16 rector of the National Park Service. 

17 (6) SUPERINTENDENT.—The term ‘‘Super18 intendent’’ means the Superintendent of the Monu19 ment appointed under section 404(c). 

20 SEC. 403. ADDITIONS TO GIANT SEQUOIA NATIONAL MONU21 MENT. 

22 (a) IN GENERAL.—There is added to the Monu23 ment— 

24 (1) the approximately 40,640 acres of land be25 tween the Western Divide (commonly known as the 
100 

•S 1897 IS

1 ‘‘Greenhorn Mountains’’) and the center line of the 

2 Kern River, south to the boundary line between 

3 Tulare and Kern counties; and 

4 (2) the Jenny Lakes Wilderness. 

5 (b) BOUNDARY REVISION.—The boundary of the 

6 Monument is revised to reflect the addition of the land 

7 to the Monument under subsection (a). 

8 SEC. 404. TRANSFER OF ADMINISTRATIVE JURISDICTION 

9 OVER THE GIANT SEQUOIA NATIONAL MONU10 MENT. 

11 (a) IN GENERAL.—Administrative jurisdiction over 

12 the Monument is transferred from the Secretary of Agri13 culture to the Secretary. 

14 (b) APPLICABLE LAW.—The Monument shall be ad15 ministered in accordance with the Proclamation, except 

16 that any deliberations of the Chief of the Forest Service 

17 with respect to management of the Monument shall be set 

18 aside. 

19 (c) SUPERINTENDENT.—The Secretary shall appoint 

20 a Superintendent for the Monument to administer the 

21 Monument. 

22 (d) ADVISORY BOARD.— 

23 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Superintendent shall es24 tablish an advisory board, to be known as the 

25 ‘‘Giant Sequoia National Monument Advisory 
101 

•S 1897 IS

1 Board’’, comprised of 9 members, to be appointed by 

2 the Superintendent. 

3 (2) PROHIBITION ON FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

4 EMPLOYMENT.—Members of the Advisory Board 

5 shall not be employees of the Federal Government. 

6 (3) TERMS.— 

7 (A) IN GENERAL.—A member of the Advi8 sory Board shall serve for a term of not more 

9 than 4 years. 

10 (B) INTERVALS.—The Superintendent 

11 shall appoint members of the Advisory Board in 

12 a manner that allows the terms of the members 

13 to expire at staggered intervals. 

14 (4) DUTIES.—The Advisory Board shall— 

15 (A) assist in the preparation of the man16 agement plan; and 

17 (B) provide recommendations with respect 

18 to the management of the Monument. 

19 (5) PROCEDURES.—The Superintendent shall 

20 establish procedures and standards for the Advisory 

21 Board. 

22 (6) OPEN MEETINGS.—Meetings of the Advi23 sory Board shall be open to the public. 

24 (e) HEADQUARTERS.—The headquarters for the 

25 Monument shall be located at the National Park Service 
102 

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1 facility at Three Rivers, California, which is the head2 quarters of Sequoia National Park and Kings Canyon Na3 tional Park. 

4 (f) VISITOR CENTERS.—Visitors centers for the 

5 Monument shall be located at— 

6 (1) Grant Grove Visitor Center in Kings Can7 yon National Park; 

8 (2) Springville, the principal entrance to the 

9 west side of the southern unit of the Monument; and 

10 (3) Kernville. 

11 SEC. 405. ADDITIONS TO THE SIERRA NATIONAL FOREST 

12 AND INYO NATIONAL FOREST. 

13 (a) SIERRA NATIONAL FOREST.— 

14 (1) IN GENERAL.—The portion of the Sequoia 

15 National Forest located north of Sequoia National 

16 Park that is not included in the Monument is added 

17 to the Sierra National Forest. 

18 (2) BOUNDARY REVISION.—The boundary of 

19 the Sequoia National Forest is adjusted to include 

20 the land added by paragraph (1). 

21 (b) INYO NATIONAL FOREST.— 

22 (1) IN GENERAL.—The portion of the Sequoia 

23 National Forest south of Sequoia National Park 

24 that is not included in the Monument is added to the 

25 Inyo National Forest. 
103 

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1 (2) BOUNDARY REVISION.—The boundary of 

2 the Inyo National Forest is adjusted to include the 

3 land added by paragraph (1). 

4 SEC. 406. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

5 There are authorized to be appropriated such sums 

6 as are necessary to carry out sections 404 and 405. 

Æ