GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 283

THE INDUSTRIAL UTILITY OF 

PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES LN 

THE MIDDLE ATLANTIC 

STATES, 1952
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Douglas McKay, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

W. E. Wrather, Director

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 283

THE INDUSTRIAL UTILITY OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN THE 

THE MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES, 1952

By E. W. Lohr, W. F. White, and N. H. Beamer

Washington, D. C. 1953 

Free on application to the Geological Survey, Washington 25, t). C.

CONTENTS

Page 

Introduction...................... 1

New Jersey .................... 3-32

Atlantic City .................. 3

Bayonne ...................... 3

Belleville..................... 4

Bergenfield ................... 4

Bloomfield ................... 4

Bridgeton..................... 4

Camden ..................... 5-7

Clifton ....................... 7

East Orange .................. 8

Elizabeth ..................... 9

Englewood .................... 10

Fair Lawn .................... 10

Garfield...................... 11

Hackensack ................... 12

Hoboken ...................... 13

Irvington ..................... 13

Jersey City ................... 13

Kearney ...................... 14

Linden ....................... 14

Long Branch .................. 15

Lyndhurst township ............ 16

Maplewood township ........... 16

Montclair..................... 16

Newark................. ^.. 17-18

New Brunswick................ 19

North Bergen township ......... 19

Nutley........................ 19

Orange ....................... 20

Passaic ................... 21-22

Paterson ..................... 22

Pennsauken township........... 23

Perth Amboy.................. 24

Phillipsburg................... 25

Plainfield.................. 26-27

Rahway....................... 28

Summit ................... 29-30

Teaneck township............... 30

Trenton....................... 31

Union City .................... 32

Westfield ..................... 32

West New York................ 32

West Orange .................. 32

New York..................... 33-77

Albany ....................... 33

Amsterdam ................... 34

Auburn ....................... 35

Binghamton ................... 36

Buffalo ....................... 37

Page 

New York Continued ......... 37-77

Cheektowaga town ............ 37

Cohoes ...................... 38

Cortland .................... 39

Dunkirk ..................... 40

Elmira ...................... 41

Endicott ...................... 42

Freeport .................... 43

Glen Falls ................... 44

Gloversville ................. 45

Hempstead................... 46

Hungtington .................. 47

Irondequoit town.............. 47

Ithaca ....................... 48

Jamestown................... 49

Johnson City .......... t ...... 50

Kenmore .................... 51

Kingston..................... 51

Lackawanna.................. 52

Levittown.................... 53

Lockport .................... 54

Middletown .................. 55

Mount Vernon ................ 55

Newburgh.................... 56

New Rochelle................. 57

New York................. 58-60

Niagara Falls ................ 61

North Tonawanda ............. 62

Olean ........................ 63

Oswego ..................... 64

Port Chester................. 65

Poughkeepsie ................ 66

Rochester ................... 67

Rockville Centre ............. 68

Rome ....................... 69

Schenectady.................. 70

Syracuse .................... 71

Troy ........................ 72

Utica ....................... 73

Valley Stream ............... 74

Watertown ................... 75

White Plains ................. 76

Yonkers ..................... 77

Pennsylvania ............... 78-129

Abington township ............ 78

Aliquippa .................... 79

Allentown................ 80-81

Altoona...................... 81

Beaver Falls ............ 82-83

Bethlehem ............... 83-84

in
IV

CONTENTS

Page 

Pennsylvania Continued ...... 84-129

Bradford...................... 84

Butler ........................ 85

Chambersburg................. 86

Charleroi ..................... 87

Cheltenham township ........... 87

Chester....................... 88

Clairton ...................... 89

Dunmore ...................... 90

Duquesne ..................... 91

Easton..................... 92-93

Erie ......................... 93

Greensburg ................... 94

Harrisburg.................... 95

Haverford township ............ 96

Hazleton .....................^ 97

Johnstown.................. 98-99

Kingston ...................... 99

Lancaster.................... 100

Lebanon ..................... 101

Lower Merion township........ 102

McKeesport .............. 102-103

McKees Rocks................ 104

Meadville .................... 105

Page

Pennsylvania--Continued ... . .105-129 

Monessen.................... 106

Mount Lebanon township....... 106

Nanticoke.................... 106

New Castle .................. 107

New Kensington .............. 108

Norristown .................. 109

Oil City ..................... 110

Philadelphia ............. 111-113

Pittsburgh ............... 114-115

Pottstown.................... 116

Pottsville.................... 117

Reading ................. 118-119

Scranton..................... 119

Sharon ...................... 120

State College................. 121

Uniontown ................... 122

Upper Darby township..... 123-124

Washington .................. 125

Wilkes-Barre ................ 126

Wilkinsburg ................. 127

Williamsport ................ 128

York ........................ 129

ILLUSTRATION

Figure 1. Map of the United States showing sections covered by the nine circulars 

on the Industrial Utility of Public Water Supplies of the United States, 1952. 

The shaded portion represents the section of the country covered by this circular ................................................................ 2
THE INDUSTRIAL UTILITY OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES 

IN THE MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES, 1952

By E. W. Lohr, W. F. White, 

and N. H. Beamer

INTRODUCTION

The location of industrial plants is dependent on an ample water supply of suitable quality. Information relating to the chemical characteristics of the water 

supplies is not only essential to the location of many plants but also is an aid in the 

manufacture and distribution of many commodities.

Public water supplies are utilized.extensively as a source of supply for many 

industrial plants, used either as delivered for domestic consumption or with further treatment if necessary to meet specific needs of the plant, such as water for 

processing, cooling, and steam generation. The industrial use of water in the 

United States in 1950 was estimated to be more than 75 billion gallons per day from 

private sources. In addition, about 6 billion gallons per day was estimated to be 

taken from public water supplies,

U. S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 658, "The industrial utility of 

public water supplies in the United States, 1932" contains information pertaining 

to the public water supplies of 670 of the larger cities throughout the United States. 

This report, which is still in print and being distributed, has filled an important 

need in the field of water-supply engineering. The demand for more up-to-date 

information and more extended coverage has led to studies by the Geological Survey for revision of the information contained in the 1932 report. The revised report, which will include data pertaining to public water supplies of more than 

1,200 cities in the United States, will eventually be published as a Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper. However, in order that the information might be available at the earliest possible time, nine preliminary reports are being issued which 

give data on the larger cities in each state. These nine reports are being released 

as Geological Survey Circulars, each covering a group of states as delineated by 

the Bureau of Census in taking the census of the population of the country. (See 

fig. 1). The reports give descriptive information and analytical data for approximately three-fourths of the cities that will be included in the final report for each 

of the states.

This circular is the eighth of the series and includes data for the States of New 

Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. (See fig. 1). The report gives the population (1950) of the city, the population supplied, ownership, sources, and treatment 

of supplies, storage facilities for both raw and finished waters and chemical analyses of the water for a total of 140 of the larger cities in the States of the Middle 

Atlantic group. The data for each city are essentially 'the same as will appear in 

the complete report for the whole country.

Data for the supplies in New Jersey were collected by J. J. Murphy, chemist, 

and others; in New York by W. A. Beetem, chemist, and others; in Pennsylvania 

by E. F. McCarren and N. H. Beamer, chemists, Philadelphia, Pa. Work on the 

project in the three-state area was under the general supervision of W. F. White, 

district chemist, Washington, D. C. Review and final compilation of all data were 

made by E. W. Lohr in the Washington office under the direction of S. K. Love, 

Chief, Quality of Water Branch.
WEST 

SOUTH CENTRAL

Figure 1. -Map of the United States showing sections covered by the nine circulars on the Industrial Utility 

United States, 1952. The shaded portion represents the section of the country covered by 
NEW JERSEY 3

ATLANTIC CITY 

(Population, 61,657)

Ownership: Municipal.

Source: 12 wells (1 to 4, 6 to 13) 675, 102, 213, 105, 91, 200, 97, 200, 199, 199, 

200, and 95 ft deep, 54 percent of supply; 2 ponds (Absecon Creek impounded) 

46 percent of supply. The wells are reported to yield from 695 to 1,390 gpm.

Treatment: Aeration, sedimentation, ammoniation, and chlorination.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 40,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: 7,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 500,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (CO3 ) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCO3 ) .....

Sulfate (S04) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3 ) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

Q Q

.47

f\Q

2.2 

1.0

4.8

Q

0

4

7 ^

8

0

c

41

Hardness as CaCCL:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C.)..... .................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

10

6

25

5.9

52.0

.8

54

Feb. 5,

1952

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

2.4 

2.4

Max

2.5 

2.6

Min

2.3 

2.3

PH

Av

5.0 

5.0

Max

5.2 

5.2

Min

5.0 

5.0

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

5.3 

5.3

Max

5.4 

5.4

Min

4.9 

4.9

Turbidity

Av

0 

0

Max

1 

1

Min

0 

0

BAYONNE 

(Population, 77,203)

Ownership: Municipal. Supplied by North Jersey District Water Supply Commission. (See Newark, Wanaque supply.)
4 NEW JERSEY

BELLEVILLE 

(Population 32,019)

Ownership: Supplied by Newark, Pequannock supply. (See Newark.)

BERGEN FIELD 

(Population, 17,647)

Ownership: Private water utility supplied by Hackensack Water Company. (See 

Hackensack.)

BLOOMFIELD 

(Population, 49,307)

Ownership: Municipal. Supplied by Newark, Pequannock supply, Cedar Grove 

Reservoir. (See Newark.)

BRIDGETON 

(Population, 18,378)

Ownership: Municipal. Total population supplied, about 19, 500.

Source: 10 wells (1 to 10)75, 97, 110, 95, 87, 105, 84, 93, 104, and 103 ft deep;

yield reported to be 260, 620, 400, 250, 370, 460, 500, 460, 500, and 450 gpm.

Emergency supply, Sunset Lake. 

Treatment: None. 

Storage: 2, 500,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS ) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCO3) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Wells 

(city tap)

8 Q

.07

09

1.0

4 R

1 R

0

5

4.4

8.0

.0

9.5

53

Hardness as CaCO,:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ...............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C.)...,..... .............

Turbidity ....................

Tpmnprature ("F ^

Date of collection .........

Wells 

(city tap)

14

10

0

c 7

74.0

2

0

Mar- 9*3

1QCQ
NEW JERSEY 5

CAMDEN

(Population, 124,555)

Ownership: Municipal; supplies about 100,000 people; New Jersey Water Company 

supplies the llth and 12th wards; Merchantville-Pensauken Water Commission 

supplies a small part.

Source: Municipal wells as follows: Camden, 12 wells (1 to 12) at different points 

in the city, 118 to 195 ft deep; Morris field, 9 wells 107 to 145 ft deep, located 

between Pennsylvania railroad tracks on the east, Pensauken Creek on the 

north, and Delaware River on the west; Delair field, 3 wells 129 to 144 ft deep 

just west of Delair station on Pennsylvania railroad; Puchack field, 5 wells 

175 to 185 ft deep at School Lane and River Road, Delair. New Jersey Water 

Company, Stockton field, 6 wells.

Treatment: Morris station wells, aeration; other wells, none.

Raw-water storage: Morris station reservoir, 500,000 gal.

The city wells are equipped with high-duty turbine pumps that pump directly into 

the distribution mains. The Morris wells are equipped with individual low-duty 

turbine pumps which pump into a concrete reservoir, from which the water is 

pumped into the city by centrifugal pumps. The Delair wells pump directly 

into the mains. The Puchack wells are equipped with individual high-duty 

turbine pumps which force the water into a large main leading to the city. The 

New Jersey Water Company wells are tied into a common line for distribution 

into the llth and 12th wards.

The water from the wells in the different well fields differs considerably in chemical composition. The Delair field and the Puchack field are relatively close 

together and furnish water similar in character. The analyses selected show 

the approximate range in dissolved solids and hardness of the water furnished 

by the wells in the different well fields.
NEW JERSEY 

CAMDEN - - Continued

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOfe) ................

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (M") ... .. , f

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) ..,.,...,.

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (CO.) ....

Bicarbonate (HCOS ) ......

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO,) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Hardness as CaCO,: 

Total......................

Color ........................

PH.... ........................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 G. ) 

Turbidity ...................

Temperature (F. )........

Date of collection ........

Cam den 

well 1

19

1 9

.28

04.

Q 4

18

3.6

0

63

37

36

.2

1.0

181

99

47

Q

6.0

306

__

Nov. 28,

1949

Camden 

well 2a

8 7

10

.60

on

17

26

6.7

0

122

71

29

.1

20

289

168

CO

1

6.9

482

__

Dec. 22,

1949

Camden 

well 6

7.0

7C

.77

oq

QK

46

18

0

116

137

48

.1

52

460

241

146

Q

6.0

735

__

Nov. 28,

1949

Camden

well 7

6.1

no

.03

7 0

4 7

9.7

3.6

0

1

41

13

.0

4.0

103

37

36

2

4.6

166

__

Feb. 16,

1951

Morris 

fwell 2

7 ?

?7

.05

6.6

3.6

4.4

1.5

0

14

13

6.0

.1

9.4

59

31

on

3

5.6

99.1

«. _

Nov. 7,

1949
NEW JERSEY 

CAMDEN--Continued

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOfe) ................

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) ..........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (CO,) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS )......

Sulfate (SO4 ) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO.) .............. % 3'

Dissolved solids .........

Hardness as CaCO3 : 

Total......................

Color ........................

pH ............................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) 

Turbidity ...................

Temperature (F. )........

Date of collection ........

Morris 

well 3

6.2

5.5

2.7

13

6.2

4.4

1.8

0

54

15

5.2

.1

4.6

86

63

1Q

4

6.4

158

Nov 7 Al \J V 1 9

 1949

Morris 

well 6

4.8

.25

.00

15

8.7

6.8

2.1

0

62

18

7.9

.1

6.6

99

73

00

4

R 4 \Jm "

182

Nov 7 A^VJ V * I y

1949

Puchack 

well 1

5.6

.17

.01

12

7.2

11

2.6

0

13

51

10

.1

6.9

116

60

4Q

q

K 4 ii« ^ 

199

Nov. 7, 

1949

Puchack 

well 4

8.7

.07

.01

4.0

1.9

3.9

1.2

0

4

4.9

6.1

.0

13

49

18

14

C Q

69.8

Nov. 7, 

1949

Well 44 a

10

.02

.30

12

4.7

59

2.7

0

2

140

18

,0

11

290

49

48

4

K 4

444

CO56

Feb. 16, 

1951

a New Jersey Water Company.

CLIFTON 

(Population, 64,511)

Ownership: The distribution system is owned by the city and the Passaic Valley 

Water Commission. Supplied by the Passaic Valley Water Commission, 

Wanaque supply. (See Passaic.)
8 NEW JERSEY

EAST ORANGE 

(Population, 79,340)

Ownership: East Orange Water Department.

Source: 12 wells: North, Middle, South Braidburn wells 123, 126, and 122 ft 

deep, and reported to yield 1,220, 1,050, and 800 gpm; North, Middle, South 

Canoe Brook wells 108, 111, and 121 ft deep, and reported to yield 1,400, 

1,400, and 450 gpm; North, Middle, South Dickinson wells 133, 129, and 126 

ft deep, and reported to yield 1,000, 1,000, and 500 gpm; North, Middle, South 

Slough Brook wells each 280 ft deep, and each reported to yield 225 gpm.

Treatment: Chlorination.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 12,000,000 gpd.

.Raw-water storage: --

Finished-water storage: 10,000,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (S04) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3 ) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

OO

.00

.00

36 

19

10

.4

0

10C

40

6.4

.0

c n

194

Hardness as CaCOg:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water 

(citv tap)

1?Q

97

4

7 ft

?o4

1 9

Feb. 21,

1QR9

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951

Raw water......... 

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCOs 

(ppm)

Av

52

Max

 _

Min

__

PH

Av

7.7

Max

__

Min

__

Hardness 

as CaCOs 

(ppm)

Av

53

Max Min

Turbidity

Av

0

Max Min
NEW JERSEY 9

ELIZABETH 

(Population, 112,817)

Ownership: Elizabethtown Water Company; North Jersey District Water Supply 

Commission (see Newark, Wanaque supply). The Elizabethtown Water Company supplies about 1/3 of the population of Elizabeth, also Dunellen, Linden, 

Middlesex, and South Plainfield (part); and Clark, Hillside, and Union (90 percent) townships. Total population supplied, about 148,000.

Source: Raritan River, Millstone River, Delaware Canal, and 141 wells in the 

following well fields: Conant Field, 5 wells 400 to 600 ft deep, total yield 

1, 500,000 gpd; Hummock Field, 46 wells 70 to 600 ft deep, total yield 

3, 500, 000 gpd; Springfield Field, 50 wells 70 to 600 ft deep, total yield 

3,500, 000 gpd; Greenbrook Field, 20 wells 20 to 30 ft deep, total yield 775,000 

gpd; and Piscataway Field, 20 wells 20 to 30 ft deep, total yield 2,000,000 gpd.

Treatment: Surface water: Aeration, coagulation with alum, lime, sedimentation, 

rapid sand filtration and chlorination. Well water: Chlorination.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 25,000, 000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: None.

Finished-water storage: Hancock reservoir, 1,000,000 gal; Springfield reservoir, 

1, 000,000 gal; clear well, lr 000,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO^ ......................

Iron (Fe). ..........................

Manganese (Mn) ............ .»...

Calcium (Ca) .....................

Magnesium (Mg) ................

Sodium (Na).... ...................

Potassium (K) ...................

Carbonate (COj) .................

Bicarbonate (HCO,).. ...........

Sulfate (SO4) ......................

Chloride (Cl). ....................

Fluoride (F) ......................

Nitrate (NOj) .....................

Dissolved solids ................

Hardness as CaCO,: 

Total ....................... . .

Color...............................

PH.... ...............................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. )...... 

Turbidity..........................

Temperature (F. ) ..............

Raw 

water a

\ 4.4

^ 0 

32 

30 

5

5.1

59 

33

12

7.0

156

Feb. 1, 

1952

Finished 

water a

14 

.03 

.00 

19 

6.1

r 6.4 

1 o' 6

29 

42 

10 

.0 

5.4 

117

72 

49

5 

7.3

188 

2.1

Feb. 1, 

1952

Finished 

water b

8.5 

.14 

.00 

15 

3.1 

3.3 

.8 

0 

38 

18 

4.8 

.1 

1.5 

80

50 

19

5 

7.6

125

4.0

Feb. 1, 

1952

Well water 

(composite)

22 

.06 

.00 

85 

9.5 

12 

.9 

0 

216 

71 

15 

.0 

10 

338

251

74

5 

8.1

511 

2.1

Feb. 1, 

1952

a Surface supplies, composite (60 percent Raritan and Millstone rivers, 40 percent Delaware Canal).

b Mixed surface supplies, City Hall tap.
10 NEW JERSEY

ENGLEWOOD 

(Population, 23,145)

Ownership: Supplied by the Hackensack Water Company. (See Hackensack.)

FAIR LAWN 

(Population, 23,885)

Ownership: Municipal.

Source: 13 wells (1 to 12, 14) 300 to 500 ft deep. The yield of the wells is reported to range from 100 to 400 gpm. 

Treatment: Chlorination.

Raw-water storage: Collecting basin, 200,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 1,300,000 gal.

Wells (1 to 7) are located in one field (Cadmus Place) and pump into a collecting 

basin; well 8 is on Willow Street; well 9, on George Street; and wells 10, 11, 

12, and 14, are in one field (Westmor eland). Wells 8, 9, and those in West - 

moreland field pump directly into the distribution system being automatically 

chlorinated.

Cadmus Place wells furnish about 40 percent of the supply; Westmor eland wells, 

about 30 percent; and the other two, about 15 percent each.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS ) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (S04 ) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NOS) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water a

1 Q

3fi

.00

50 

17

10

1.0

0

118

81

11

.0

26

282

Hardness as CaCOu:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

'Date of collection .........

Finished 

water a

1QS

98

4

7 ^

428

.6

K9

Feb. 6,

IQCO

a Composited according to percentage furnished from each source.
NEW JSERSEY 11

GARFIELD 

(Population, 27,550)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies East Paterson and Saddle River township.

Total population supplied, about 54,000. 

Source: 5 wells. Auxiliary or emergency supply, tie-in with the Passaic Valley

Water Commission. 

Treatment: Chlorination. Copper sulfate is used in the receiving basin for

control of algae.

Raw-water storage: Receiving basin, 500,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 3 standpipes, 814, 000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOa) ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) .....

Calcium (Ca) .........

Magnesium (Mg).....

Sodium (Na) ..........

Potassium (K) ....... 

Carbonate (COj) ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCOs)

Sulfate (SO4) ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate (NC*s) .........

Dissolved solids.....

Well 4 

(raw 

water)

00

V 15

/ 0

93fl

74

1 A

19

Finished 

water a

Oft

oo

.02

CO

iv

J fl2L4

\ 1.5 

0

1 fiO.

CO

19

.0

11

277

Hardness as CaCO3 :

Total .................

Noncarbonate. .....

Color ...................

i-»W pil .......................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 C.).... ...........

Turbidity..............

Temperature (F.)...

Date of collection...

Well 4 

(raw 

water)

272

77

4

7.4

558

 .*»

Jan. 29,

1952

Finished 

water a

206

69

10

7.5

434

.6

Tan. 29,

1952

aWells, composite sample.
12 NEW JERSEY

HACKENSACK 

(Population, 29,219)

Ownership: Hackensack Water Company. Also supplies Bergenfield, Cliffside 

Park, Dumont, Englewood, Fort Lee, Lyndhurst township (part), North Bergen 

township, Ridgefield Park township, Rutherford, Teaneck township (part), 

Union City, Weehawken township, West New York, and numerous boroughs, 

towns, and townships in whole or in part. Total population supplied, about 

500,000.

Source: Hackensack River and tributaries impounded in Oradell Lake and Woodcliff Lake.

Treatment: Prechlorination, ammoniation, coagulation with alum, addition of 

activated carbon, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, adjustment of pH, 

ammoniation, and postchlorination.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: (At New Milford) 72,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: Oradell Lake, 2, 850,000,000 gal; Woodcliff Lake, 

889,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: Weehawken reservoirs 1 and 2, 16,000,000 and

69,200,000 gal, respectively; Fairview reservoir, 18,900,000 gal; Western 

reservoir (Woodcliff), 5,000,000 gal; Carlstadt tank, 1,300,000 gal; clear 

wells and suction wells (New Milford Plant-Oradell), 2,100,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO-j) ..........................

Iron (Fe) ..............................

Manganese (Mn) .....................

Calcium (Ca) .........................

Magnesium (Mg). ...... ..............

Sodium (Na).... .......................

Potassium (K) .......................

Carbonate (COJ .....................

Bicarbonate (HCOs)... ..............

Sulfate (SO4X.. ........................

Chloride (Cl) .........................

Fluoride (F) ..........................

Nitrate (NOa) .........................

Dissolved solids ....................

Hardness as CaCO3 : 

Total................................

Noncarbonate .....................

Color ...................................

pH.......................................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.).. .........

Turbidity............... ..............

Date of collection ...................

Raw 

water

9.0

} -

0

38

28

16

3.6

64

33

11

6 Q

1Q1

Jan. 28, 1952

Finished 

water

8.3

.00

.04

91

4.0

f 10

< \ 1.3

0

38

36

17

.0

2.3

125

69

38

7 5

Jan. 28, 1952

Finished 

water a

5.9n't

.04

01

5.9

y »

64

43

26

.8

176

102

48

7 9

0

cc

1951

a Average of monthly analyses for year 1951. 

Water Company.

Analyses by the Hackensack
NEW JERSEY 13

HOBOKEN 

(Population, 50,676)

Ownership: Municipal. Supplied by Jersey City. (See Jersey City.)

mVINGTON 

(Population, 59,201)

Ownership: Supplied by the Commonwealth Water Company. (See Summit.)

JERSEY CITY 

(Population, 299,017)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies Hoboken, part of Lyndhurst township, and 

North Arlington. Total population supplied, about 391,000.

Source: Rockaway River impounded in Boonton Reservoir. The supply system is 

interconnected with 7 other major water supply systems in metropolitan area 

of New Jersey.

Treatment: Plain sedimentation (in storage reservoir) and chlorination.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 100,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: Boonton Reservoir, 7, 500,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 2 distribution system reservoirs, 100,000,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO^ ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) .....

Magnesium (Mg)..... 

Sodium (Na) ..........

Potassium (K) ....... 

Carbonate (CO,) ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCOg) 

Sulfate (SOJ ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoridc (F) ..........

Nitrate (NO,) .........

Dissolved solids.....

Finished 

water

9.8 

.18 

.00 

9.0 

3.3 

3.1 

.8 

0 

21 

17 

6.5 

.1 

1.0 

65

Finished 

water a

7.4 

.50 

.00 

11 

5.2

J 6.3

0 

42 

16

7.7

.8 

92

Hardness as CaCO3 : 

Total .................

Nrtr»/»ar>VwkTiat'P

Color ...................

pH.......................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 C.). ............. .

Turbidity..............

Temperature (F.)... 

Date of collection...

Finished 

water

36 

19

10 

7.3

98.0 

2.0

Jan. 30, 

1952

Finished 

water a

49 

14

15

7.7

3

Sept. 19, 

1951

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

26 

24

Max

39 

35

Min

15 

15

PH

Av

7.1 

6.8

Max

7.6 

7.2

Min

6.7 

6.5

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(PPm)

Av

44 

44

Max

64 

62

'Min

30 

30

Turbidity

Av

4 

4

Max

20 

10

Min

3 

3

a Analysis by Jersey City Water Department.
14 NEW JERSEY

KEARNEY 

(Population, 39,952)

Ownership: Supplied by North Jersey District Water Supply Commission. (See 

Newark, Wanaque supply.)

LINDEN 

(Population, 30,644)

Ownership: Supplied by Elizabethtown Water Company. (See Elizabeth.)

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NOS) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water a

1 ? L£t

~~

--

\ * ft

? 5. o

0

07

41

7

c n

Hardness as CaCO,:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

PH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

OK p \

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water a

66

44

7.1

178

Feb. 1,

1952

a City tap, Linden.
NEW JERSEY 15

LONG BRANCH 

(Population, 23,090)

Ownership: Monmouth Consolidated Water Company; also supplies Asbury Park 

(part), Bradley Beach, Fair Haven, Middletown township (part), Neptune 

township, Oceanport, Ocean township, Rumson, Shrewsbury township, and a 

number of other boroughs. Total population supplied, about 111,000; in summer about 229,000.

Source: Swimming River impounded, Whalepond Brook impounded, Jumping Brook 

and Shark River (97 percent of supply); 2 wells (1 and 2) Whitesville Station, 

662 and 985 ft deep, 5 wells (10, 12, 15, 16, 20) Ocean Grove Station, 450 to 

605 ft deep, and 1 well (3) Jumping Brook Station, 1,065 ft deep (3 percent of 

supply).

Treatment: Prechlorination, coagulation with alum, lime, sedimentation, rapid 

sand filtration, and postchlorination.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 20,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: 175,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 2,090,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOj) ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) .....

Calcium (Ca) .........

Sodium (Na) ..........

Potassium (K) ....... 

Carbonate (CO,)..... 

Bicarbonate (HCOj)

Sulfate (S04) ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate (NO,,) .........

Dissolved solids.....

Raw 

water

9.4

17

0 Q fit O

\ 4.9 

0

OK

OQ

10

.0

4.8

84

Finished 

water

10

no

.00

on

o q &. O

/ 4.8

\ 1.8 

0 

94

QI

11

.0

4.6

102

Hardness as CaCO3 :

Total .................

Noncarbonate ......

Color ...................

PH.......................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at

OC p \

Temperature (F.)...

Date of collection...

Raw 

water

52

31

on

7.4

141

22

36

Feb. 18,

1952

Finished 

water

59

40

4

7.2

163

.7

Feb. 18,

1952

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

34 

36

Max

97 

46

Min

20 

22

PH

Av

6.8 

7.8

Max

7.1 

8.2

Min

6.5 

7.6

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

65 

70

Max

70 

80

Min

55 

54

Turbidity

Av

47 

1

Max

190

5

Min

48 

0
16 NEW JERSEY

LYNDHURST township 

(Population, 19,980)

Ownership: Distribution system, Lyndhurst township. Supplied by Jersey City 

and Hackensack Water Company. (See Jersey City and Hackensack.)

MAPLEWOOD township 

(Population, 25,201)

Ownership: Commonwealth Water Company. (See Summit, Canoe Brook and 

Short Hills Stations.)

MONTCLAIR 

(Population, 43,927)

Ownership: Municipal. Supplied by North Jersey District Water Supply Commission. (See Newark, Wanaque supply.) 

Finished-water storage: 4,000,000 gal.
NEW JERSEY 17

NEWARK 

(Population, 438,776)

Ownership: (Distribution system owned by the city) Municipal (Pequannock supply); also supplies Belleville, Bloomfield, Nutley, and Wayne township. Total 

population supplied, about 400,000. North Jersey District Water'Supply Commission (Wanaque supply): Participants are allotted daily quantities of water 

as follows: Bloomfield, 4,000,000 gal; Clifton, 6, 750,000 gal; Glen Ridge, 

750, 000 gal; Kearney, 12,000, 000 gal; Montclair, 5,000,000 gal; Newark, 

40, 500,000 gal; Paterson, 20,000,000 gal; Passaic, 11, 000,000 gal; Total 

population supplied, about 640,000.

Source: Municipal: Pequannock River and tributaries impounded in four main 

reservoirs, Oak Ridge, Clinton, Canistear, and Echo Lake, the flow from 

which in natural stream beds is controlled through the Macopin Intake Reservoir. North Jersey District Water Supply Commission: Wanaque River impounded, northeast of and adjoining the Pequannock watershed.

Treatment: Pequannock supply: Ammoniation, chlorination at intake into aqueducts at Macopin, aeration and sedimentation in Cedar Grove Reservoir, and 

rechlorination at distribution outlet of this reservoir. Copper sulfate or chlorine is used to control algae in the reservoirs. Wanaque supply: Ammoniation 

and chlorination as water leaves Wanaque Reservoir, and addition of lime for 

pH control. Copper sulfate is used in reservoir when necessary for control of 

algae.

Raw-water storage: Pequannock supply: Oak Ridge Reservoir, 3,895,000,000 

gal; Clinton Reservoir, 3,518,000,000 gal; Canistear Reservoir, 

2,407, 000,000 gal; Echo Lake Reservoir, 1,678,000,000 gal; and Macopin 

Intake Reservoir, 32,000,000 gal. Total, 11, 530,000,000 gal. Wanaque supply: Wanaque Reservoir, 27,600,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: Pequannock supply: Cedar Grove Reservoir, (main distribution reservoir), on mountain above Montclair, 679,000,000 gal; South 

Orange Avenue Reservoir (equalizing reservoir), 9,000,000 gal; Belleville 

Reservoir (equalizing reservoir), which also may receive Wanaque water, 

14,000,000 gal; Wanaque supply: Balancing reservoir (in Clifton), 15,000,000 

gal.

Pequannock water, which is delivered from Cedar Grove Reservoir, can be supplied to all section of Newark. However it is used principally in the higher 

sections of the city; Wanaque Aqueduct conveys water from Wanaque Reservoir 

to Belleville Reservoir' from which point the supply is connected with the 

Newark distribution system. The Wanaque supply is also interconnected with 

the Pequannock supply at several points. Wanaque water is distributed to the 

lower lying sections of Newark.
18 NEW JERSEY 

NEWARK 'Continued

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) .

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) ..........

Sodium (Na)

Potassium (K)

Carbonate (CO.)

Bicarbonate (HCOS )...... 

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluor ide (F) ..... .

Nitrate (NOg) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Hardness as CaCOg: 

Total.....................

Color

pH ............................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) 

Turbidity ...................

Temperature (F. )........

Date of collection ........

Pequannock Supply

Finished 

water a

6.7 

.07

9.0 

2.9

> "I

16 

12 

6.0

1.2

55

35 

21

19 

6.9

2.8 

1951

Finished 

water b

2.6 

.30 

.00 

6.6 

2.1

( *' 4

\ -4

0 

14 

10 

4.1 

.1 

.6 

39

25 

14

15 

6.8

64. -9 

1.6

Jan. 28, 

1952

Wanaque Supply , Finished 

water c

3.5 

.09 

.04 

8.7 

2.2

J 4.5

18 

13 

8.3

.2

57

31 

16

18

7.7

2 

50 

1951

Finished 

water d

4.5 

.34 

.00 

7.4 

1.6 

/ 2.0

X -7 

0 

14 

12 

4.2 

.1 

.3 

43

25 

14

8 

8.0

70.6 

5.1

Jan. 28, 

1952

Mixed Supply 

Finished 

water

5.2 

.27 

.00 

7.6 

1.7 

1.6 

.4 

0 

13 

12 

4.5 

.1 

.4 

44

26 

15

5 

7.2

65.9 

.6

Jan. 30, 

1952

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951

Finished water®. 

Finished water f.

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

13 

15

Max

17 

20

Min

9.6 

11

pH

Av

6.9

7.7

Max

7.0 

8.2

Min

6.8 

7.2

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(PPm)

Av

35 

31

Max

38 

38

Min

31 

28

Turbidity

Av

19 

2

Max

25 

3

Min

15 

1

a Aver age of analyses of monthly composites of daily samples. Analyses by

Newark Water Department. 

b City tap, Bloomfield, N. J. 

c Average of analyses of monthly composites of daily samples. Analyses by

Passaic Valley Water Commission, at Little Falls treatment plant. 

d City tap, Bayonne, N. J. 

e Pequannock supply, 

f Wanaque supply.
NEW JERSEY 19

NEW BRUNSWICK 

(Population, 38,811)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies Franklin (part), Highland Park, Milltown, 

and North Brunswick township. Total population supplied, about 59,000.

Source: Lawrence Brook impounded.

Treatment: Coagulation with alum, activated carbon, lime, sedimentation, rapid 

sand filtration, ammoniation, and chlorination.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 12,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: 800,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 1, 500,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (Si02) ...............

Iron (Fe) .................*.

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCO8) .....

Sulfate (SOJ ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water

7 Q

on

.00

Q 4.

4.8

1.8

3

12

26

7.5

.4

3.2

84

Hardness as CaCO^:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C.)....... ...............

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water

44

29

10

9.0

131

11

Jan. 28,

1952

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water *..

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

15 

16

Max

12 

24

Min

7 

9

pH

Av

5.7 

7.9

Max

6.4 

8.4

Min

5.0 

7.5

Hardness 

as CaCOs 

(ppm)

Av

30 

51

Max

35 

53

Min

25

48

Turbidity

Av

65 

6

Max

90 

10

Min

40 

3

NORTH BERGEN township 

(Population, 41,560)

Ownership: Supplied by Hackensack Water Company. (See Hackensack.)

NUTLEY 

(Population, 26,992)

Ownership: Municipal. Purchases water wholesale from the Passaic Valley 

Water Commission. (See Passaic.)
20 NEW JERSEY

ORANGE 

(Population, 38,037)

Ownership: Municipal.

Source: 4 wells (1 to 4) 42, 132, 76, and 100 ft deep, 63 percent of supply; West 

Branch of Rahway River, 37 percent of supply. The yield of the wells is reported to be 740, 1,400, 1,400, and 1,395 gpm. Auxiliary or emergency supply, interconnection with the supply systems of East Orange and the Commonwealth Water Company.

Treatment: Coagulation with alum, filtration, and chlorination.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 4,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: 275,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 6,000,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) .'..............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na)

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (CO,) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCO3 ) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

1 P

n^

.00

22

7.0

7 9

.7

0

56

04

10

.1

1 P

129

Hardness as CaCOu:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

84

oo

0

7 a

1QQ

.4

January,

1952
NEW JERSEY 21

PASSAIC 

(Population, 57,702)

Ownership: Passaic Valley Water Commission. The Water Commission owns and 

operates the distribution systems in Passaic, Paterson, part of Clifton and 

Prospect Park; it sells water wholesale to the Clifton Water Department, East 

Paterson, Garfield, Haledon, Harrison, Little Falls, Nutley, Totowa, West 

Paterson, and Hackensack Water Company. Total population supplied, about 

360,000.

Source: Passaic River; Wanaque Reservoir. (About 50 percent from each source 

was used for the supply of Passaic in 1951.)

Treatment: Passaic River supply: Prechlorination, coagulation with alum, activated carbon when necessary, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, postchlorination, and adjustment of pH with lime. Wanaque Reservoir supply: Ammoniation, chlorination, and addition of lime at outlet of Wanaque Reservoir, rechlorination, and pressure filtration at Little Falls plant of the Passaic Valley 

Water Commission.

Rated capacity of treatment plants: Little Falls: gravity, 55,000,000 gpd; pressure, 40,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: 

Finished-water storage: 3 reservoirs: Great Notch, 178, 500,000 gal; New Street, 

63,900, 000 gal; Grand Street, 20,460,000 gal. 2 clear wells, 3,250,000 gal.

The Passaic Valley Water Commission has water rights to 75 mgd from the 

Passaic River and 37. 75 mgd from the Wanaque Reservoir. Mixed finished 

water supplied to the various places consists of about 10 percent more Wanaque 

Reservoir water than Passaic River water. The low pressure system is supplied with water from the Passaic River.
22 NEW JERSEY 

PASSAIC - -Continued

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by Passaic Valley Water Commission, Clifton)

Silica (SiQa) ................

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) ..........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) . ...........

Carbonate (CO.) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCO,)......

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO,) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Hardness as CaCOs: 

Total......................

Color ........................

pH ............................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) 

Turbidity ...................

Temperature (F. )........

Date of collection ........

Passa

Raw 

water a

11

.58

.06

14

4.5

X 8.6

 '

41

25

8.9

1.6

112

SR

ooCttt

48

7.0

54

1QS1

ic River

Finished 

water a

7.3

04

no

20

4.5

9.0

42

33

14

1.6

130

fiQ

O E

4

7.1

0

54

1Q51

Wanaqu

Raw 

water a

3.5

.09

.04

8.7

2.2

4.5

18

13

8.3

.2

57

Q 1

1 C

ID

1 A

7.7

so

1Q51

e Supply

Finished 

water a

3.3

flK

.02

8.8

2.2

5.1

19

14

8.7

.2

56

qi

1 C

7

c

.4

50

1QM

Mixed Supply

Finished 

water ab

4.7

05

.02

13

3.0

6.6

28

21

10

.7

d6

4S

Cttt

7

7 ^

.4

CO

1QR1

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951

Raw water c. ......

Finished water c.

Raw waterd. ......

Finished water d.

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

34 

34

15 

15

Max

53 

50

20 

21

Min

19 

22

11 

12

PH

Av

7.0 

7.1

7.7 

7.6

Max

7.4 

7.4

8.2 

8.1

Min

6.8 

7.1

7.2 

7.2

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

55 

70.

31 

31

Max

70 

90

38 

37

Min

37 

49

28 

28

Turbidity

Av

8 

0

2

.4

Max

11 

0

3 

1

Min

4 

0

1 

0

a Average of analyses of monthly composites of daily samples. 

^Approximately equal parts of each supply. 

c Passaic River supply. 

^Wanaque Reservoir supply.
NEW JERSEY 23

PATERSON

(Population, 139,336)

Ownership: Supplied by Passaic Valley Water Commision. (See Passaic.)

PENNSAUKEN township 

(Population, 22,767)

Ownership: Merchantville-Pennsauken Water Commission. Supplies Merchantville, a large part of the townships of Pennsauken and Delaware, and a small 

part of Camden. Total population supplied, about 35,000.

Source: Park Avenue Well Field: 5 wells (1, 5, 6, 7, 12)285, 288, 260, 185, 

256, ft deep; yield reported to be 1,005, 1,000, 500, 600, and 1,000 gpm. 

Emergency connection, Delaware Gardens well and pumping station.

Treatment: Aeration, sedimentation, and pressure filtration*

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 2, 500,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: 85,000 gal; facilities under construction, 500,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 1,200,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOa) ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) .....

Calcium (Ca) .........

Magnesium (Mg).....

Potassium (K) .......

Carbonate (COJ ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCOj)

Sulfate (SO4) ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate (NOa). ........

Dissolved solids.....

Well 7 

(raw 

water)

Q fi

.17

H9

4 ^

£« O

4.7

1

0

0

10

6 Q

.1

4.6

50

Wells 

finished 

water)

1°,

. H9 \)&

oOO

6

0

£i . £t 

Q Q

1 p

0

10

1 ^

.0

9 7

57

Hardness as CaCO3 :

Total ................

Noncarbonate. .....

Color .................. .

pH...... ........ .........

Specific conductance

(micromhos at 

25 C.). .... ..........

Turbidity..............

Temperature (F.)...

Date of collection...

Well 7 

(raw 

water )

91

16

5 7

78.2

55

Nov. 28,

1949

Wells 

(finished 

water)

94

15

c

7 0

80.7

1.0

Mar. 20,

1952
24 NEW JERSEY

PERTH AMBOY 

(Population, 41,330)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies Sayreville, Spotswood, and part of the townships of East Brunswick, Raritan, and Woodbridge. Total population supplied, 

about 66,300.

Source: 3 Layne wells (1 to 3) 291, 265, and 68 ft deep; 58 suction wells, ranging 

in depth from 40 to 94 ft. The yield of the Layne wells is reported to be 1, 500, 

1, 529, and 800 gpm, respectively.

Treatment: Addition of lime for iron removal and adjustment of pH, sedimentation, 

and pressure filtration.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 12,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: None.

Finished-water storage: 40, 000,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS ) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) ..... 

Sulfate (SO4 ) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NOS) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

4.8 

.28 

.01 

21 

3.1 

3.3 

1.1 

0 

42 

28 

6.5 

.0 

.3 

93

Hardness as CaCO^: 

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

65 

31

5 

8.0

156 

.9

Mar. 12, 

1952

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951

Raw water......... 

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

40

Max

44

Min

30

PH

Av

7.6

Max

8.0

Min

7.0

Hardness 

as CaCOs 

(ppm)

Av

40

Max

50

Min

28

Temperature (°F)

Av

54

Max

56

Min

52
NEW JERSEY 25

PHILLIPSBURG 

(Population, 18,919)

Ownership: The Peoples Water Company; also supplies about 1,000 people outside the city limits. Total population supplied, about 20,000.

Source: Infiltration chamber 8 ft high, 8 ft wide and 225 ft long, about 30 ft below 

ground. The yield is reported to be 10,000,000 gpd.. Auxiliary or emergency 

supply, Delaware River.

Treatment: Chlorination.

Raw-water storage: None.

Finished-water storage: 8,000,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS ) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NOS) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water

9 7

f\C

.00

27 

19

 t f\

1.0

0

1flft

00

K 7

.0

4 ?

140

Hardness as CaCO^:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C.)... ...................

Turbidity ....................

TPpiYinprsil'iirp (V \

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water

117

9ft

Q

8 1

234

.9

Mar. 12,

1QS9
26 NEW JERSEY

PLAINFIELD 

(Population, 42,366)

Ownership: Plainfield-Union Water Company; also supplies Fanwood, Garwood, 

Kenilworth, Linden (small part), Mountainside, North Plainfield, Roselle, 

Roselle Park, South Plainfield, Watchung (part), and Westfield; and the townships of Clark, Cranford, Scotch Plains, Union (part), Winfield, and other 

consumers. Total population supplied, about 160,000.

Source: 39 wells (32 in use, 5 in reserve, 2 applications filed for use) in several 

well fields and individual wells: Netherwood Field, Plainfield, 19 wells 78 to 

500 ft deep, average yield of 255 gpm; Jerusalem Rd. Field, Scotch Plains, 3 

wells (1 to 3) 650, 665, and 708 ft deep, average yield 283 gpm; Greenbrook 

Field, Greenbrook township, 8 wells (1 to 8) 44 to 550 ft deep, average yield 

431 gpm; Clinton Avenue Field, South Plainfield, 3 wells (1 to 3) 300,300, and 

400 ft deep, average yield 317 gpm; Kenilworth, 3 wells (Newark Ave., Richfield Ave., and Quinton Ave.) 275, 401, and 550 ft deep, average yield 228 

gpm; Westfield well 523 ft deep, yield 500 gpm; Mountainside, Charles St. well 

454 ft deep, yield 500 gpm. Emergency connections with Elizabethtown Water 

Company.

Treatment: Chlorination.

Finished-water storage: 12,000,000 gal.
NEW JERSEY 27

PLAINFIELD- -Continued

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOg) ................

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) ..........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (CO^) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS ) ......

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO.) ..............

v O*

Dissolved solids .........

Hardness as CaCOs: 

Total......................

Color ........................

pH ............................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 G. ) 

Turbidity ...................

Temperature (F. )........

Date of collection ........

Depth (feet) ...............

Diameter (inches)........

Date drilled ...............

Wells a

0

106

16

.3

.8

1,080

650

KRQ

7

0

650-708

10

1 Qd.fi

1950

Wells b

.10

_

110

18

.2

2.0

579

250

48Q

7 R

44_KRfl

10

1Q4.K,

1950

Wells c

.10

_

122

10

2.0

205

164

KA

7

O

97R_RRft

8 1 O

1906,

1943-44

Well d

.10

_

222

11

.0

4.0

409

240

58

7

C

no

OQ 1 R

1946

Wells 

Netherwood 

Station

21

.00

.00

74

8.9

12

.7

0

198

58

10

.0

16

304

221

CQ

0

8 1

465 

o

Jan. 31,

1952

n o C f\f\

10-12

1910-

1948

a Jerusalem Rd. Station; analysis furnished by Plainfield-Union Water Company, 

Westfield, N. J.

bGreenbrook Station; analysis furnished by Plainfield-Union Water Company, 

Westfield, N. J.

c Kenilworth Station; analysis furnished by Plainfield-Union Water Company 

Westfield, N. J.

d Columbia Ave. Station; analysis furnished by Plainfield-Union Water 

Company, Westfield, N. J.
28 NEW JERSEY

RAHWAY 

(Population, 21,290)

Ownership: Municipal.

Source: Rahway River. Auxiliary or emergency connection with Elizabethtown 

Water Company and Middlesex Water Company.

Treatment: Coagulation with alum, activated carbon, copper sulfate, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, chlorination, sodium chlorite, and soda ash.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 6,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: 1,250,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 400,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOj) ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) .....

Calcium (Ca) .........

Magnesium (Mg)..... 

Sodium (Na) ..........

Potassium (K) ....... 

Carbonate (CO,)..... 

Bicarbonate (HCOj)

Sulfate (SO4) ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate (NOj) .........

Dissolved solids.....

Raw 

water

17

_ 

.

y o.e

0 

58

48

1 Q

K 0

Finished 

water

11

.0

.01

on

. o 

( 99

\ 1.8

0 

qq

/ Q

QO

q

4 9

197

Hardness as CaCO3 :

Total ................

Color ...................

PH .......................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at

95 C \

Turbidity..............

Temperature (F. )...

Date of collection...

Raw 

water

106

58

7

7 9

282

Feb. 1,

1952

Finished 

water

Q7

66

0

7.0

Qpo

.3

Feb. 1,

1QKO

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

46

34

Max

--

Min

__

PH

Av

7.2 

6.9

Max

7.7 

7.4

Min

6.7 

5.9

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

<ppm)

Av

98

Max

105

Min

94

Turbidity

Av

18 

.6

Max

135

1.8

Min

1.0 

0.
NEW JERSEY 29

SUMMIT 

(Population, 17,929)

Ownership: Commonwealth Water Company (controlled by American Water Works 

Company, Inc.) owns and operates the supply works, the transmission and distribution systems, and serves Irvington, New Providence, Summit, and West 

Orange; Chatham, Maplewood, Millburn, New Providence, Passaic and Springfield townships; also a small part of Hillside and Union townships. It sells 

water for the entire supply to Livingston township. Total population supplied, 

about 160,000.

Source: Canoe Brook Station (in Millburn): 8 wells of 17 (9 wells held in reserve) 

121 to 379 ft deep, and Canoe Brook pumped into 2 reservoirs (1 and 2); 

Baltusrol Station (in Summit): 9 wells (of 16) 200 to 300 ft deep and infiltration 

galleries; Short Hills Station (in Springfield): 3 wells 77 to 85 ft deep. The 

aggregate diversion from the Canoe Brook Station is limited to 10,375,000 gpd; 

from the Baltusrol Station, to 1, 570,000 gpd; and from the Short Hills Station, 

to 3,000,000 gpd.

Treatment: Surface Supply: Plain sedimentation, coagulation with alum, activated 

carbon, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, pH adjustment, and chlorination.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 20,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: Canoe Brook Station: Reservoir 1, 735,000,000 gal and 

Reservoir 2 (filled by transfer from Reservoir 1) 600,000,000 gal; suction 

basin, 250,000 gal; Baltusrol Station: suction basin, 200,000 to 700,000 gal; 

Short Hills Station: suction basin, 100,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: Druid Hill standpipe (in Summit), 610,000 gal; West 

Orange standpipes, 1,131,000 gal; Short Hills standpipe (in Millburn), 317,200 

gal; Day elevated tank (in Millburn), 100,000 gal; West Orange reservoir (concrete covered), 1,000,000 gal; Wyoming Reservoirs (in Millburn township), 

900,000 and 1,700,000 gal.

There are 6 services on the supply system, 4 of which are supplied by booster 

pumps. The greater part of the area served is on the Canoe Brook Station low 

service,, A higher section of Millburn is supplied by the Short Hills Pumping 

Station high service. Practically all of Summit and all the area north and west 

of Summit is supplied by the Summit high service from the Baltusrol Pumping 

Station with an auxiliary supply from the Canoe Brook low service.
30 NEW JERSEY

SUMMIT - -C ontinued

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiCg ..........................

Iron (Fe) ..............................

Manganese (Mn) .....................

Calcium (Ca) ........................

Magnesium (Mg). ....................

Sodium (Na).... .......................

Potassium (K) .......................

Carbonate (COJ .....................

Bicarbonate (HCO^. ...... ..........

Sulfate (SO^..........................

Chloride (Cl) .........................

Fluoride (F) ..........................

Nitrate (NOa) .........................

Dissolved solids ....................

Hardness as CaCO3 : 

Total................................

Noncarbonate .....................

Color...................................

pH.......................................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C, )...........

Turbidity ...t... ........ ...... ........

T*HYIHOT*Q+IIY»O /TJ1 ^ ..

Date of collection...................

Finished 

water a

i K

no

.00 04

A q

11

1.1

0

CO

cc

8 A

.1

1.6

171

inq

46

0

7.9

258

.2

Jan. 31, 1952

Finished 

water &

23

.01

.01

OQ

3.8

Q 0

1.0

0

70

36

8.0

.1 i K

145

85

28

0

7.1

219

.4

Jan. 31, 1952

Finished 

water c

25

.01

.00

en

11

7.7

.6 0"

150

44

8.5

.0

7.8

243

170

47

0

7.9

355

.3

Jan. 31, 1952

J Canoe Brook Station; mixture of water from wells and Canoe Brook. 

b Baltusrol Station, 

c Short Hills Station.

TEANECK township 

(Population,' 33,772)

Ownership: Supplied by Hackensack Water Company. (See Hackensack.)
NEW JERSEY 31

TRENTON

(Population, 128,009)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies parts of Ewing, Hamilton, and Lawrence

townships. Total population supplied, about 175,000. 

Source: Delaware River. 

Treatment: Coagulation with alum, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, chlorination, and adjustment of pH with lime,, 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 30,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 

Finished-water storage: 120,000,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOjJ ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) .....

Magnesium (Mg)..... 

Sodium (Na) .......... 

Potassium (K) ....... 

Carbonate (CO,) ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCO,) 

Sulfate (SO4) ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate (NOj) .........

Dissolved solids.....

Raw 

water

7.6

\ 3.2

^ 0 

28 

21 

5

3.7

Finished 

water

5.7 

.01 

.00 

17 

2.6 

( 3.0

{ o" 9

24 

27 

5.1 

.1 

3.1 

80

Hardness as CaCO3 :

Color ....... ........... .

pH.......................

Specific conductance 

(micromhds at 

25 C.)..... ..........

Turbidity..............

Temperature (F. )... 

Date of collection...

Raw 

water

48 

25

11 

6.9

119

Feb. 1, 

1952

Finished 

water

53 

33

0

7.5

128 

.5

Feb. 1, 

1952

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1952

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCQ, 

(ppm)

Av

31 

33

Max

61 

70

Min

9 

2

pH

Av

7.3 

7.2

Max

8.3 

9.8

Min

6.7 

4.4

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

59

Max

72

Min

40

Turbidity

Av

30 

0

Max

500 

0

Min

3 

0
32 NEW JERSEY

UNION CITY 

(Population, 55,537)

Ownership: Supplied by Hackensack Water Company. (See Hackensack.)

WESTFIELD 

(Population, 21,243)

Ownership: Supplied by the Plainfield-Union Water Company. (See Plainfield.)

WEST NEW YORK 

(Population, 37,683)

Ownership: Suppled by Hackensack Water Company. (See Hackensack.)

WEST ORANGE 

(Population, 28,605)

Ownership: Supplied by the Commonwealth Water Company, Canoe Brook Station. 

(See Summit.)
NEW YORK 33

ALBANY 

(Population, 134,995)

Ownership: Municipal.

Source: Alcove Creek impounded in Alcove Reservoir, about 92 percent of supply; 

Basic Creek impounded in Basic Reservoir, about 8 percent of supply. Auxiliary or emergency supply, Hudson River.

Treatment: Aeration, coagulation with alum, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, 

chlorination, and adjustment of pH with lime.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 32,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: Alcove Reservoir, 12,000,000,000 gal; Basic Reservoir, 

1,000,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 202,000,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCO3 ) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3 ) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water

1 a

.00

.00

18

2

0

1.7

9

-

0

41

91

0 A

.0

70

Hardness as CaCO^:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

PH.... ..........................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

TprnnpTatiiTP (V \

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water

KA

on

8 1

199

4

0

41

Jan. 16,

1QRO

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1949

Raw water......... 

Finished water...

Alkalin 

as CaC 

{ppm

Av

30

Max

43

ity 

Os

Min

20

PH

Av

8.5

Max

8.9

Min

7.3

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

47

Max

59

Min

39

Turbidity

Av

0.1

Max

0.3

Min

0.0
34 NEW YORK

AMSTERDAM 

(Population, 32,240)

Ownership: Municipal.

Source: Glen Wild Reservoir (impounded supply).

Treatment: Chlorination.

Raw-water storage: 2,600,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COs) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NOS) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water

6

F7

00

.01

2.8 

1.0

0

0

7

0

2

n

.1

.7

36

Hardness as CaCOgi

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water

11

38

5

C

36.6

3.9

46

Jan. 15,

1952
NEW YORK 35

AUBURN 

(Population, 36,722)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 2,000 people outside the city limits.

Total population supplied, about 38, 700. 

Source: Owasco Lake.

Treatment: Slow sand filtration, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 9,500,000 gpd* 

Raw-water storage: Owasco Lake. 

Finished-water storage: 12,500,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (CO,) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS ) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NOS ) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water

A *)

no

.00

38 

70

1.7

1.0

0

17

2.6

.1

2 A

144

Hardness as CaCOji

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

PH........... ...................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water

127

20

4

8.0

252

1.1

42

Jan. 31,

1952
36 NEW YORK

BINGHAMTON 

(Population, 80,674)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 12,000 people outside the city limits.

Total population supplied, about 93,000. 

Source: Susquehanna River. Auxiliary or emergency supply, wells (2,000,000

gpd). 

Treatment: Prechlorination, coagulation with alum and lime, carbon when needed,

sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and postchlorination (chlorine dioxide). 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 21.000,000 gpd» 

Raw-water storage: 

Finished-water storage: 5, 750,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NOS) ..............

Pissolved solids .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

3

0

nc

. uo03

24

2

C

2 9

0

66

1 R

o 9

.1

1 P.

91

Hardness as CaCO,:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

PH.... ..........................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C.)....... ...............

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

70

1 C

0

7 °,

1 CO

.4

T?£iH 1 Q

1QCO

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCOs 

(ppm)

Av

 y

Max

--

Min

--

PH

Av

7.3 

7.2

Max

7.7 

7.4

Min

6.8 

6.7

Hardness 

as CaCOs 

(ppm)

Av

62

57

Max

93

87

Min

30 

26

Turbidity

Av

60 

0

Max

1400 

0

Min

10 

0
NEW YORK 37

BUFFALO 

(Population, 580,132)

Ownership: Municipal.

Source: Lake Erie. Emergency supply, Niagara River.

Treatment: Coagulation with alum, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and

chlorination.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 160,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 30,000,000 gal (clear well).

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOj ...

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (CC^) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NOS) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water

.10

.00

36 80

9

0

1 1

0

i no

26

9ft

.0

164

Hardness as CaCCv

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water

124

35

1

7.4

285

.6

Mar. 19,

1952

CHEEKTOWAGA town 

(Population, 45,354)

Ownership: Supplied by Western New York Water Company. (See Lackawanna.)
38 NEW YORK

COHOES

(Population, 21,272)

Ownership: Municipal. 

Source: Mohawk River.

Treatment: Coagulation with alum, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, incidental pH correction, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 8, 500,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 

Finished-water storage: 250,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS ) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SOJ ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water

5

K

nc

.00

32

C Q

4.0

1.1

0

86

94

5 1

.0

1.4

132

Hardness as CaCO^:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Tpmnpraturp (V }

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water

104

34

4

7.1

222

6.5

39

Jan. 16,

1952
NEW YORK 39

CORTLAND 

(Population, 18,152)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 300 people outside the city limits.

Total population supplied, about 18,500. 

Source: 3 dug wells (1 to 3) 17, 15, and 76 ft deep; yield reported to be 3,000,

2,000, and 2, 500 gpm. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 

Raw-water storage: 

Finished-water storage: 2,200,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3 ) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Depth (feet) ...................

T\isi fYifftioi* /f^ot^

Date dug .....................

Percent of suoolv ...........

Well 1

7

0

no

.00

CO

8

0

0 0

.4

0

1fiQ

91

0 C

.1

11

188

Hardness as CaGO,:

Total ...................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Well 1

168

on

0

7.6

01 7

4

Jan. 31,

1QRO

17

on

1Q17
40 NEW YORK

DUNKIRK

(Population, 18,007)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 800 people outside the city limits.

Total population supplied, about 18,800.

Source: Lake Erie. Auxiliary supply connection with the city system of Fredonia. 

Treatment: Prechlorination, coagulation with alum, sedimentation, rapid sand

filtration, and postchlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 6,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 

Finished-water storage: 3,000,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (CO8 ) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCO8) .....

Sulfate (SO4 ) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO8) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water

2.6

.11

.00

38 

8.0

10

1 ^

0

98

32

26

.0

.5

178

Hardness as CaCOj:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

OK p \

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water

1 9Q

47

0

7.4

303

.3

36

Feb. 6,

1952

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

4

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCO8 

(ppm)

Av

91 

86

Max

96 

92

Min

88 

80

PH

Av

7.9 

7.2

Max

8.3 

7.5

Min

7.5 

6.9

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

121

Max

122

Min

120

Turbidity

Av

21 

.04

Max

150 

.40

Min

.4 

.02
NEW YORK 41

ELMIRA 

(Population, 49,716)

Ownership: Municipal.

Source: Chemung River 58 percent of supply; Hoffman Creek impounded 42 percent of supply.

Treatment: Aeration (spray), coagulation with alum, sedimentation, rapid sand 

filtration, ammoniation, and chlorination. Soda ash or lime is used when 

necessary.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 8,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: 150,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 10,000,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by Bureau of Environmental Sanitation)

Silica (SiOg) ...

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) ..,.....,.

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) . ...........

Carbonate (CO,) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) ......

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NOj) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Hardness as CaCOs: 

Total......................

Color ........................

pH ............................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) 

Turbidity ...................

Temperature (F. )........

Date of analyses ........

Chemung River

Raw 

water

30 

.20 

.05 

42 

5.2

> 12 ..

115 

31 

19

.1 

230

126 

32

8 

7.9

5.0

Sept. 10, 

1951

Finished 

water

0.8 

.05 

0 

41 

5.3

15

105 

37 

23

.3 

185

124 

38

0 

7.6

0

Sept. 10, 

1951

Hoffman Creek

Raw 

water

20 

1.8 

.01 

13 

3.0

4.1

32 

18 

5.0

2.2 

105

45 

19

40 

7.1

50

Sept. 10, 

1951

Raw 

water a

5.7 

.03 

.00 

18 

3.8 

/ 3.5 

\ 1.3 

0 

32 

32 

6.2 

.0 

2.4 

92

60 

34

4 

7.7

156 

1.0

Feb. 11, 

1952

Finished 

water

4.5 

.05

14 

3.4

J 4.6

28 

26 

5.5

1.6 

85

49 

26

0 

7.2

0

Sept. 10, 

1951

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

53 

44

Max

95 

86

Min

10 

10

PH

Av

7.5 

7.4

Max

8.4 

8.4

Min

6.1 

6.1

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

103 

103

Max

144 

144

Min

42 

51

Turbidity

Av

116 

0

Max

0

Min

5 

0

a Analysis by U. S. Geological Survey.
42 NEW YORK

ENDICOTT 

(Population, 20,050)

Ownership: Endicott Water Works Company; also supplies about 31,000 people 

in other places. Total population supplied, about 51,000.

Source: 5 wells 100, 160, 100, 150, and 150 ft deep; yield reported to be 4,000, 

3,000, 2,500, 1,500, and4,000gpm.

Treatment: Chlorination.

Raw-water storage: 

Finished-water storage: 5, 500,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NOS) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Depth (feet) ...................

Diameter (feet) ...........

Date drilled .......:..........

Percent of supply ...........

Well l a

10

no

no

41

8

0

8.0

0

151

16

10

.1

1.5

176

Hardness as CaCCy

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

PH.... ..........................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Well l a

1 <IQ

1 5

K

8 n

OOfi

1 Q

CO

Feb. 12,

1QCO

100

19

1Q47

a Ranney collector.
NEW YORK 43

FREEPORT 

(Population, 24,680)

Ownership: Municipal.

Source: 2 wells (N68, N134) 552, and 557 ft deep; yield reported to be 1, 570 and

1, 500 gpm.

Treatment: Addition of Calgon and lime. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 12,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: « 

Finished-water storage: 1, 500,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in p'arts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NOS) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

7.1

.26

2.1

c

3.1

4

0

10

3.5

3.2

.0

25

Hardness as CaCOj:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

PH.... ..........................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C.)..... .................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

7

0

6 4

01 0

.4

Jan. 16,

1QKO
44 NEW YORK

GLEN FALLS 

(Population, 19,610)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 1, 500 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 21,100.

Source: Streams impounded in 3 reservoirs: Butler Reservoir 49 percent of supply; Keenan Reservoir 41 percent of supply; Wilkie Reservoir 10 percent of 

supply. Auxiliary or emergency supply, Halfway Brook impounded.

Treatment: Chlorination.

Raw-water storage: 878,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (CQJ ..........

Bicarbonate (HCO3) .....

Sulfate (SO4 ) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

6.4

.14

.00

4.8 

1.0

1.0

0

12

5.0

1.8

.2

.4

29

Hardness as CaGO^:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Tpmnpratnrp (V \

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

16

6

9

6:7

41.4

4.8

50

Jan. 15,

1952
NEW YORK 45

GLOVERSVILLE 

(Population, 23,634)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 500 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 24,100.

Source: Small streams impounded in 3 reservoirs. Auxiliary or emergency supply, Mountain Lake by pumping from city of Johnstown.

Treatment: Coagulation with alum, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, chlorination, soda ash for pH control, and Actophos for iron suspension.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 6,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: 560,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 7,500,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (CO,) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCO3) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ..........

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitiate (NO3 ) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water

6

i\

n't

.01

7.0

q

8 A

.4

0

29

14

1 9

.0

c

53

Hardness as CaCOu:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Tpimnprfltiirp (V ^

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water

01

0

7 *!

oo c

Feb 14

1952

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCQ3 

(ppm)

Av

10 

23

Max

14 

25

Min

7 

21

pH

Av

6.7 

7.5

Max

6.9

7.5

Min

6.5 

7.5

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

17 

23

Max

20 

25

Min

15 

21

Turbidity

Av

2 

.1

Max

4 

.1

Min

1 

.1
46 NEW YORK

HEMPSTEAD 

(Population, 29,135)

Ownership: Municipal.

Source: 6 wells. The depths of wells 2, 5, and 6 are reported to be 426, 525, and

406 ft; and the yields, 1,200, 1,000, and 1,000 gpm, respectively. 

Treatment: Aeration (spray), chlorination, sedimentation, and addition of lime

and Calgon.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 

Raw-water storage: Aeration basin, 2,225,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 3,000,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (CO,) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCO3 ) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3 ) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Wells 

(finished 

water)

7

c

14

nn

o o

1.1

4 Q

0

4 9

8 a

.0

1 p

35

Hardness as CaCOu:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pa. nH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C.)..... .................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Wells 

(finished 

water)

10

q

0

6.4

48.7

o o

Apr. 8,

1952

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951

F?9Xi7 wafer1

TTinichoH wat-ai*

Alkalinity 

as CaCOg 

(PPm)

Av Max

--

Min

--

PH

Av

5.5

7 R

Max

5.9 

a R

Min

5.2

7 R

Hardness 

as CaCOg 

(PPm)

Av Max Min

Turbidity

Av Max Min
NEW YORK 47

HUNTINGTON 

(Population, 9,324)

Ownership: New York Water Service Corporation; also supplies Centerport, Cold 

Spring Harbor, Huntington Bay Hills, Huntington Station, and Loyd Harbor. 

Total population supplied, about 30,000.

Source: Wells: 5 wells 45 ft deep; 2 wells 540 and 600 ft deep, each reported to 

yield 700 gpm.

Treatment: Chlorination.

Raw-water storage: 

Finished-water storage: 1,335,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COj) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water

(city tap)

10

10

 ift

.00

9.2

3

C

7.1

1

0

0

36

Q 0

7.4

.0

C 0

80

Hardness as CaCO^:

Total ...... ...............

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water

(city tap)

9,7

8

1

7 °.

115

Q

Feb. 15,

1952

mONDEQUOIT town 

(Population, 34,417)

Ownership: Supplied by Rochester. (See Rochester.)
48 NEW YORK

ITHACA 

(Population, 29,257)

Ownexship: Municipal; also supplies about 2,000 people outside the city limits.

Total population supplied, about 31,300. 

Source: Six Mile Creek impounded. Emergency supply, connection with Cornell

University supply. 

Treatment: Superchlorination, coagulation with alum, sedimentation, rapid sand

filtration, and dechlorination with sulfur dioxide. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 3,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 316,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 4,924,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (CO,) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) ..... 

Sulfate (SO4 ) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NOS ) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

3.5 

.08 

.00 

22 

2.9 

5.2 

.8 

0 

46 

29 

5.8 

.2 

1.6 

96

Hardness as CaCO^: 

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 C.)....... ...............

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

67 

29

1

7.4

163 

.5

Feb. 5, 

1952

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1952

Raw water.........

Finished water,..

Alkalinity

as CaCO3

(ppm)

Av

1?,

66

Max

113

98

Min

44

40

PH

Av

7,5

6.7

Max

7,7

6.8

Min

7.3

6.7

Hardness

as CaCOs

(ppm)

Av

93

92

Max

129

132

Min

63

61

Turbidity

Av

RO

4

Max

261

13

Min

11
NEW YORK 49

JAMESTOWN 

(Population, 43,354)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 6,600 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 50,000.

Source: 16 wells each about 130 ft deep 3 miles east of the city. Nine wells,

(total yield reported to be 3, 500 gpm) during periods of high ground water level, 

are siphoned into a receiving well from which the water is pumped into the 

transmission and distribution system. Seven wells (total yield reported to be 

4,900 gpm) are equipped with deep well pumps, and during summer months 

and dry periods, pump into the receiving well.

Treatment: Chlorination.

Raw-water storage: 

Finished-water storage: English Hill reservoir, 5,000,000 gal; Buffalo Street 

reservoir, 1, 500,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

>

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COj) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluor ide (F) ..........

Nitrate (NOS) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Depth (feet) ...................

Diameter (inches)...........

Date drilled ..................

Percent of suoolv ...........

Well 4 

(raw 

water)

6

t

10

.01

QO

5.6

3 q

7

0

100

94

2

0

.1

3

127

Hardness as CaCO,:

Total ...... ..... ..... .

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Well 4 

(raw 

water)

m°.

21

1

8 n

214

.7

4Q

Feb. 5,

1952

lOC

19

1Q47
50 NEW YORK

JOHNSON CITY 

(Population, 19,249)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 4,100 people outside the city limits.

Total population supplied, about 23,300. 

Source: 3 wells (1 to 3) 100, 101, and 89 ft deep; yield reported to be 2,100,

2,180, and 2,200 gpm. Auxiliary supply, 2 wells. 

Treatment: Chlorination* 

Finished-water storage: 4,000,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluor ide (F) ........... ...

Nitrate (NO3 ) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

9 q

no

.00

55 

17

7

0

1 0

 o

40

19

.4

3.2

247

Hardness as CaCOgi

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

PH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C.)....... ...............

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

on 7

A f± 46

4

8 1

411

i q

en

Ton 1 ^

1QCO
NEW YORK 51

KENMORE 

(Population, 20,066)

Ownership: Supplied by the Western New York Water Company. (See Lackawanna.)

KINGSTON

(Population, 28,817)

Ownership: Municipal.

Source: Mountain stream impounded. Auxiliary supply, small spring reservoir.

Treatment: Coagulation with alum, sedimentation, pressure filtration, addition

of lime for corrosion control, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 8,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 1,100,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 12,000,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COj) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NOS) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water

o 4

97

.00

. o 

.9

.8

.1

0

13

9.0

1.6

.0

.5

30

Hardness as CaCCv

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ........... ..................*

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. ). ....... ..

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water

on

10

7

7 1

48.5

1 9

Feb. 15,

1QKO

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCQ, 

(ppm)

Av

5.2 

9.4

Max

6.3 

11

Min

4.5 

7.9

PH

Av

6.8 

9.0

Max

7.0 

9.2

Min

6.5 

8.6

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

20

Max

34

Min

14

Turbidity

Av

1 

0

Max

2 

0

Min

0 

0
52 NEW YORK

LACKAWANNA 

(Population, 27,658)

Ownership: Supplied by the Western New York Water Company; also supplies

Alden town, Amherst town (part), Blasdell, Cheektowaga town, Clarence (part), 

Depew, Hamburg town (part), Kenmore, Lancaster, Lancaster town (part), 

Orchard Park (part), Sloan,Tonawanda town (part), West Seneca town (part), 

Williamsville, Woodlawn, and other water districts and places. Total population supplied, about 200,000.

Source: Lake Erie. Emergency supply, interconnection with Buffalo city system.

Treatment: Coagulation with alum and lime, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, 

addition of sodium chlorite, and chlorine.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 16,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: ~-

Finished-water storage: 13,000,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS ) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCO3) .....

Sulfate (SO4 ) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate .(NO3 ) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

per million, t

Finished 

water

4.1

0

44 

6.8

V 4 o 

) 4* 8

o

110

94

22

.2

a !61

>y Western New York Water

Hardness as CaCOgi

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

PH.... ..........................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Co.)

Finished 

water

1 3Q

48

0

8 1

0

70

June 12,

1950

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.....

Finished water*..

Alkalinity 

as CaCOg 

(PPm)

Av

89 

94

Max

92 

99

Min

83 

88

PH

Av

7.8 

8.1

Max

8.0 

8.3

Min

7.7 

7.9

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

114 

122

Max

120 

128

Min

110 

118

Turbidity

Av

16

Max

200

5

Min

0

a Sum of determined constituents.
NEW YORK 53

LEVITTOWN 

(Population, 45,000 approximate)

Ownership: Town of Hempstead Water Company.

Source: 8 wells (1 to 8) 211, 84, 358, 81, 320, depth not reported for well 6, 95,

and 307 ft deep; yield reported to be 800, 800, 800, 800, 1,000, not reported

for well 6, 800, and 800 gpm.

Treatment: Addition of lime, Calgon, and chlorine. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 

Raw-water storage: 

Finished-water storage: 1,000,000 gal.

The analyses selected of the raw water show the range in hardness of the water 

from the wells, and of the finished water, the character of the water furnished 

in three different sections of the area served.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOg) ................

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mr>) ..........

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) ..........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (CO.) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) ......

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NOj) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Hardness as CaCO,: 

Total......................

Color ........................

pH ............................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) 

Turbidity ...................

Temperature (F. )........

Date of collection ........

Depth (feet) ...............

Diameter (inches)........

Date drilled ...............

Percent of supply ........

Well 2 

(raw 

water)

9.9 

.04

\ 9.8

0 

10 

90 

22

34

139 

131

5 

5,8

396

Jan. 21, 

1952

84 

12 

1947

Well 3 

(raw 

water)

7.1 

.05

3.6

0 

4 

1 

4

2.3

4 

1

2

5.6

29.0

Jan. 21, 

1952

358 

12 

1951

Finished 

water 

(city tap) a

9.2 

.12 

.01

27 

4.5

( U 

X -9 

0

37 

30 

14 

.0 

37 

146

86 

56

0 

7.3

234 

1.7

Jan. 23, 

1952

__

Finished 

water 

(city tap) &

9.2 

.26 

.03 

36 

6.8 

13 

1.6 

0 

43 

54 

18 

.0 

38 

208

118 

82

0 

7.9

311 

1.1

Jan. 21, 

1952

Finished 

water 

(city tap) c

7.1 

.08 

.01 

2.8 

.5 

3.6 

.3 

0 

10 

3.0 

3.6 

.0 

3.1 

36

9 

1

0 

6.9

38.2 

1.0

Jan. 21, 

1952

--

a 107 Azala. 

b 34 Center Land. 

c 101 Shepherd Road.
54 NEW YORK

LOCKPORT 

(Population, 25,133)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 400 people outside the city limits.

Total population supplied, about 25, 500. 

Source: Niagara River. Auxiliary or emergency supply, Barge Canal (emergency

pumping station), 

Treatment: Prechlorination at North Tonawanda pumping station, coagulation with

alum, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and chlorination (chlorine dioxide). 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 10,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 6,600,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ........... ...

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3 ) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water

c

. iCi

.00 07

8 9

9

0

1 4

0

107

97

00

.0

c

169

Hardness as CaCO^:

Total.......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C.). ............. ........

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water

t'ttt

«*Q

1

7.4

oqn

4

36

Feb. 6,

1QRO

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950- 51

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCOs 

(ppm)

Av

100 

95

Max

110 

105

Min

90 

85

PH

Av

7.8 

7.3

Max

8.0

7.4

Min

7.6 

7.2

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

115 

105

Max

__

Min

__

Turbidity

Av

20 

0

Max

150 

0

Min

5 

0
NEW YORK 55

MIDDLETOWN 

(Population, 22,586)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 800 people outside the city limits.

Total population supplied, about 23,400. 

Source: Lakes. 

Treatment: Prechlorination, coagulation with alum, sedimentation, rapid sand

filtration, postchlorination, pH adjustment, and carbon for taste control. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 8,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 1,341,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 350,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (CO,) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCO3) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water

2

C

no

.00

9.2

1.7

4 9

0

99

10

2

n

4

50

Hardness as CaCC^:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water

QO

19

7 0

QO -1

tl_v_ 4 A

r eb. 13 ,

1QR9

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Finished watei^..

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(PPm)

Av

17 

22

Max

--

Min

--

PH

Av

7.0

Max

7.6

Min

--

Hardness 

as CaCOj, 

(ppm)

Av

--

Max

45 

45

Min

« 

Turbidity

Av

5.0 

0

Max

0

Min

0

MOUNT VERNON 

(Population, 71,899)

Ownership: Municipal. Supplied by New York City. (See New York, Croton 

supply.)
56 NEW YORK

NEWBURGH 

(Population, 31,956)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 3,000 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 35,000.

Source: Impounding Reservoir.

Treatment: Coagulation with alum, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, adjustment of pH with lime, chlorination, and fluoridation.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 5,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: 2,000,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 1,800,000. gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COs) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NOS) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water

O c

flC

.00

35

3

/»

5

/s

. D 

1 q

0

fit

36

8

/»

1.1

137

Hardness as CaCCv

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water

in9

36

4

8 9

230

1.6

Feb. 3,

1952

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

fepm)

Av

57 

59

Max

60 

63

Min

52 

54

PH

Av

7.5 

8.1

Max

7.9 

8.4

Min

7.2 

7.8

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(Ppm)

Av

52 

90

Max

60 

100

Min

48 

 70

Turbidity

Av

2 

.2

Max

5 

1.0

Min

1 

.05
NEW YORK 57

NEW ROCHELLE 

(Population, 59,725)

Ownership: New Rochelle Water Company, New Rochelle Division; also supplies 

Bronxville, Eastchester town (part), North Pelham, Pelham Manor, Pelham 

town (part), and Tuckahoe. Total population supplied, about 101,000.

Source: Croton Aqueduct of New York City supply. (See New York.)

Treatment: Chlorination, and addition of lime.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 17,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: None.

Finished-water storage: 3,200,000 gal.

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCOs 

(ppm)

Av

37 

40

Max

41 

45

Min

35 

30

PH

Av

7.2

8.2

Max

7.3 

8.4

Min

7..0 

7.8

Hardness 

as CaCOs 

(ppm)

Av

50 

60

Max

52

74

Min

42 

53

Turbidity

Av Max

5 

5

Min

--
58 NEW YORK

NEW YORK 

(Population, 7,891,957)

Ownership: Municipal; supplies 7, 500,000 people in New York and in addition a 

population of about 300,000 in other communities and cities among which are 

Mount Kisco, Mount Vernon, New Rochelle, Ossining, White Plains, and 

Yonkers. 

Jamaica Water Supply Company; supplies about 450,000 people in the borough

of Queens.

New York Water Service Corporation (Woodhaven Plant); supplies about 

50, 000 people in the Fourth Ward of Queens. Total population supplied, 

about 8,300,000.

Systems, Sources, and Storage of Supply

System

Croton

Catskill

Ridgewood

(Long Island

watershed)

Queens

Richmond

Jamaica Water

Supply Co.

N. Y. Water

Service Corp.

Sources

{

East Branch

Middle Branch

West Branch

f f ) Esopus Creek

l^Schoharie Creek

4 fBronx River 

< By ram River

IWampus River

Rondout Creek a X

/-

TWest watershed

<

4 (Driven wells, 10 pumpl ing plants)

{

East watershed

(Driven wells, five plants;

^ 2 infiltration galleries)

Wells (7 well stations,

1 pumping station)

Wells (2 well plants, one

of which has five stations)

Drilled wells

Drilled wells

Impounding and 

Storage Reservoirs

12 reservoirs and six

controlled lakes

Ashokan

Schoharie

Kensico 

By ram Lake

Wampus

Rondout

Hemstead Reservoir

Hempstead Pond

Pines Pond

("Smith's Pond b

\Valley Stream Pond b

East Meadow Pond

Wantagh Pond

Massapequa Pond

--

--

--

--

--

Available

Storage 

(mg), or

yield

103,075

130,478

19, 583

30,573 

948

99

48, 700

880

27

9

42

_-

--

19

44

17

30-40 mgd

10 mgd

5 mgd

29. 1 mgd

9. 1 mgd

a Delaware System. 

b Emergency only
NEW YORK 59

NEW YORK--Continued

Treatment: Surface waters: plain sedimentation in large storage reservoirs 

(Catskill supply, asration, chlorination, coagulation with alum when necessary 

at Pleasantville plant, addition of lime near Kensico Reservoir, sedimentation 

in Kensico Reservoir, and rechlorination), chlorination, and rechlorination at 

points in the distribution system. Well waters: iron removal by rapid sand 

filtration at Springfield and Jameco Pumping Stations, and pressure filtration 

at Flushing Station. The private companies operate two gravity and three 

pressure filters for iron removal. Many of the wells are pumped directly into 

the distribution system.

Distribution Reservoirs and Standpipes

Source of 

Supply

Croton

Catskill 

Croton

Catskill and 

Long Island

Catskill

Catskill 

Catskill

Name

Central Park Reservoir

Hillview Reservoir 

Jerome Park Reservoir

Ridgewood Reservoir 

(3 basins)

Far Rockaway Standpipe

Silver Lake Reservoir 

Grimes Hill Standpipe

Storage (ing)

1,021

929\ 

773/

302

0.3

438 \ 

0. 2/

Borough

Manhattan

Bronx

Brooklyn 

(municipal)

Queens 

(municipal)

Richmond

The water from the Catskill, Bronx and Byram, Rondout, and Croton West Branch 

sources intermingles in Kensico Reservoir. From this reservoir the water 

flows through the Catskill and Delaware Aqueducts to Hillview Reservoir from 

which it is delivered to the five boroughs by the two City Tunnels. The Catskill supply because of its greater pressure is usually used to the full capacity 

of the Catskill Aqueduct.

Croton water flows to the city by gravity and is delivered to the lower elevations 

in Manhattan and the Bronx to the extent of about 1/3 of the total from this 

source. The remainder of the supply has to be pumped.

Part of the water from sub-surface sources from the Ridgewood, Brooklyn, and 

Queens Borough systems is delivered directly into the Ridgewood Reservoir, 

which also receives water from the Catskill system. Ridgewood Reservoir is 

an equalizing reservoir for the Brooklyn low service.

The daily aggregate consumption of water within Greater New York during 1951 

averaged 1, 042.1 mgd, including 38. 9 mgd furnished by the private water companies in Queens. In addition the city supplied to communities outside the city, 

28. 1 mgd.

Partial analyses of samples of well supplies in 1952 of the Jamaica Water Service 

Co. show a range in hardness of 15 to 336 ppm with an average of 126 ppm; and 

show a range in dissolved solids of 44 to 373 ppm with an average of 181 ppm. 

Partial analyses of samples of well supplies in 1952 of the N. Y. Water Service 

Corp. show a range in hardness of 250 to 375 ppm with an average of 292 ppm; 

and show a range in dissolved solids of 290 to 488 ppm with an average of 393 

ppm.
60 NEW YORK

NEW YORK Continued

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (S^) ................

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn)

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) ..........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COj) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS )......

Suifate (SOJ ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO,) .............. * %»'

Dissolved solids .........

Hardness as CaCO3 : 

Total......................

Color ........................

pH ............................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) 

Turbidity ...................

Temperature (F. )........

Date of collection ........

Finished 

water a

4.9

.03

.00

13

4.3

3.0

1.4

0

36

20

5.8

.1

.4

75

50

01

0

7.1

121 

1 9

CK

1952

Finished 

water b

2.5

33

.00

5.3

1.7

1.4

.8

0

10

11

2.6

.1

.3

34

20

6

1

fi U« Q*7

53.4 

1 Q

PJ4

June 4,

1952

Finished 

water cf

2

.05

_

__

__

_

__

9

2.8

.1

43

20

6

H

44 

^

id

1 Qfi9

Well 13 df 

(raw water)

_ .

.00

__

_ _

__

__

. 

49

11

9.0

202

118

K

6

0

260 

0

K4

1 QR9

Station 12®f

17

.04

» 

* 

 .

 _

 _

200

19

11

392

 282

4

7.7

432 

0

1 Q^9

a Croton supply; Central Park Reservoir.

b Catskill supply; Shaft ISA, Brooklyn.

c Catskill-Long Island supply, Ridgewood Reservoir 3, pipe 73.

d Jamaica Water Supply Co.

e 76th St. & 86th Ave. , N. Y. Water Service Corp.

f Analysis by Department of Water Supply, Gas, and Electricity, New York.
NEW YORK 61

NIAGARA FALLS 

(Population, 90,872)

Ownership: Municipal.

Source: Niagara River (Tonawanda channel).

Treatment: Prechlorination, coagulation with alum, sedimentation, rapid sand

filtration, and chlorine dioxide for taste and odor control. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 40, 000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 

Finished-water storage: 750, 000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS ) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS ) .....

Sulfate (S04) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3 ) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water

£

1 9

.00

37

8 9

9

0

1.4

0

107

97

00

.0

c

169

Hardness as CaCOj:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water

1 OC

op

1

7.4

oan

.4

OC

Feb 6

1QCO
62 NEW YORK

NORTH TONAWANDA 

(Population, 24,731)

Ownership: Municipal.

Source: Niagara River.

Treatment: Prechlorination, coagulation with alum, sedimentation, rapid sand

filtration, and postchlorination (chlorine dioxide). 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 8,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 500,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water

K

.11

.00

37

8.0

9.6

1.3

0

108

28

21

.0

c

167

Hardness as CaCOg:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

OK p \

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water

10K

Q7

1

7 ^

9QA

.4

Feb. 11,

1952
NEW YORK

CLEAN 

(Population, 22,884)

Ownership: Municipal.

Source: Olean Creek.

Treatment: Superchlorination, coagulation with alum and lime, sedimentation, 

rapid sand filtration, pH control with lime, and dechlorination with sulfur 

dioxide. Chlorination of distribution reservoirs for control of algae.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 6,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water" storage: None.

Finished-water storage: 10,500,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2 ) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS ) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS ) .....

Sulfate (SOJ ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water

3

0

.17

.00

18 

1.4

1.8

q

0

18

30

5.8

i )

1 ?

77

Hardness as CaCOg:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water

R1

QC

0

6 A 

. 4

1 90

P:

Feb. 6,

IQCO

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCOs 

(ppm)

Av

62

57

Max

118 

106

Min

8 

12

PH

Av

7.4 

7.1

Max

8.5 

7.4

Min

6.9 

6.8

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

66

79

Max

102 

113

Min

35 

53

Turbidity

Av

27 

0

Max

1,20C 

C

Min

3

0
64 NEW YORK

OSWEGO 

(Population, 22,647)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 1, 500 people outside the city limits.

Total population supplied, about 24,100. 

Source: Lake Ontario. 

Treatment: Chlorination and ammoniation. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 8,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 24,300,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS ) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCO3) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3 ) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

1 9

qq

.00

49

8

0

10

i q

0

1 1 K

oq

oc

.1

1.0

179

Hardness as CaCOji

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

PH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )......... .

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

140

46

7 Q

qoq

q n

Feb. 4,

1952
NEW YORK 65

PORT CHESTER 

(Population, 23,970)

Ownership: Port Chester Water Works, Inc.; also supplies the city of Rye. Total

population supplied, about 38,000. 

Source: Putman Lake, Rockwood Lake, and Brush Dam, located in Greenwich,

Connecticut. 

Treatment: Prechlorination, coagulation with alum and lime, sedimentation,

rapid sand filtration, postchlorination, and adjustment of pH with lime. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 16, 500,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: Brush Dam, 14,000,000 gal; Rockwood Lake, 500,000,000

gal; Putman Lake, 572,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 2,000,000 gal.

Water from both Rockwood Lake and Brush Dam go into Putman Lake from which 

the water is taken for treatment. The treatment plant is located in Greenwich, 

Connecticut.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS ) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

6

0

.04

.00

14

2 7

3

0

1.4

0

04

26

7.1

.0

.7

79

Hardness as CaCOj:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C.)....... ...............

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

A /"» 46

oc

K -

8 n

K 4

Jan. 22,

1QS9

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity

as CaCOs

(PPm)

Av

18

25

Max

25

35

Min

12

18

pH

Av

6.9

8.5

Max

7.1

8.8

Min

6.7

8.0

Hardness

as CaCOs

(ppm)

Av

32

40

Max

36

50

Min

28

38

Turbidity

Av

1

1

Max

1

1

Min

0

0
66 NEW YORK

POUGHKEEPSIE 

(Population, 41,023)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies Fairview and several outside water districts.

Total population supplied, about 56,000. 

Source: Hudson River. 

Treatment: Prechlorination, coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration,

aeration, slow sand filtration, corrosion control with lime, postchlorination,

or dechlorination.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 9, 500,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 5,000,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS ) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3 ) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water

c 7

ft?

.00

oq

q A

q 4

0

en

9P

6

n

.0

1 9

102

^

Hardness as CaCO."

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

PH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water

71

qnOw

7

/j

170

Feb. 12,

1QKO

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCOs 

(ppm)

Av

43 

50

Max

60 

60

Min

20 

25

PH

Av

7.3 

8.0

Max

7.6 

8.3

Min

7.1 

7.7

Hardness 

as CaCOs 

(ppm)

Av

50 

70

Max

70 

80

Min

40 

50

Turbidity

Av

28 

0

Max

400

0

Min

8 

0
NEW YORK 67

ROCHESTER 

(Population, 332,488)

Ownership: Municipal. Supplies about 312,000 people in Rochester. The New 

York Water Service Corp. , Rochester Division, supplies about 20, 500 people.

Source: Municipal: Hemlock and Canadice Lakes. New York Water Service 

Corp., Rochester Division: Lake Ontario.

Treatment: Municipal: Chlorination, and ammoniation at the gatehouse at Hemlock Lake.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 42,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: 

Finished-water storage: 234, 000,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOa) ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) ..... 

Calcium (Ca) .........

Magnesium (Mg)..... 

Sodium (Na) ..........

Potassium (K) .......

Carbonate (CO^ ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCO^ 

Sulfate (SOJ ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate (NOs) .........

Dissolved solids.....

Finished 

water a

3.5 

.30 

.00 

22 

5.8 

3.0 

2.4 

0 

59 

26 

5.0 

.0 

1.0 

101

Finished 

water b

1.4 

.18 

.00 

38 

8.6 

9.6 

1.4 

0 

109 

30 

20 

.0 

.7 

176

Hardness as CaCO3 :

Total ...............

Noncarbonate ......

Color .................. .

pH. ......................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 C.).... .......... .

Turbidity..............

Temperature (F. )... 

Date of collection...

Finished 

water a

79

5 

7.4

170

June 20, 

1951

Finished 

water b

130 

41

3

7.4

295 

.9

Mar. 19, 

1952

a Hemlock Lake. 

b Lake Ontario.
68 NEW YORK

ROCKVILLE CENTRE 

(Population, 22,362)

Ownership: Municipal.

Source: 3 wells (N48, N52, N72) 538, 550, and 616 ft deep; yield reported to be

1,233, 1,500, and 1,300 gpm. 

Treatment: Aeration, and addition of lime. 

Rated capacity ot treatment plant: 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 2,000,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (CO3 ) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCO3 ) .....

Sulfate (SOJ ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3 ) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

7.1

CO

.01

4o8

.4

3

0

4

0

18

Q C

1.2

.0

0

36

Hardness as CaCOj:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C.) 0 ...... ...............

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

14

0

0

7.4

4fi ^

Ton 1 R

1QRO
NEW YORK 69

ROME 

(Population, 41,682)

Ownership: Municipal.

Source: East Branch of Fish Creek impounded.

Treatment: Ammoniation and chlorination before water enters storage reservoirs

for sedimentation, and rechlorination at time of distribution. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 25,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 66,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: --

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOa) ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) ..... 

Calcium (Ca) .........

Magnesium (Mg)..... 

Sodium (Na) ..........

Potassium (K) .......

Carbonate (CO,) ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCOj) 

Sulfate (SO4) ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate (NOs) .........

Dissolved solids.....

Finished 

water

2.6 

.25

11 

2.3

\ 2.5

0 

33 

7.2 

5.1 

.0 

.7 

63

Finished 

water

5.5 

.00 

.00 

8.0 

3.0 

( .6

\ - 2 

0

26

8.5 

1.9 

.1 

1.0 

45

Hardness as CaCO3 : 

Total ................

None ar bonate ......

Color...................

r»Wpn. ....... ...............

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 C.).... ...........

Turbidity..............

Temperature (F. )... 

Date of collection...

Finished 

water

37 

10

35 

7.0

81.6

68 

Aug. 28, 

1951 *

Finished 

water

32 

11

18 

7.2

66.4 

4.5 

42 

Jan. 15, 

1952

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water ^..

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av Max

--

Min

PH

Av

7 

7

Max

7.5

Min

6.6 

6.6

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(PPm)

Av

- 

Max

--

Min

--

Turbidity

Av

2

Max

10 

5

Min

<2 

< 2
70 NEW YORK

SCHENECTADY

(Population, 91,785)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 1,400 people outside the city limits.

Total population supplied, about 93, 200. 

Source: 10 wells (1 to 10) 68, 66, 70, 70, 63, 58, 69, 70, 68, and 71 ft deep;

yield reported to be 2,100, 3,600, 3,555, 3,570, 3,515, 3,540, 3,540, 3,570,

3,555, and3,880gpm. 

Treatment: Occasional chlorination. 

Storage: 20, GOO, 000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOa) ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) .....

Calcium (Ca) .........

Sodium (Na) ..........

Potassium (K) .......

Carbonate (CO^..... 

Bicarbonate (HCOg)

Sulfate (SO4) ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride <F) ..........

Nitrafp fNO ^

Dissolved solids.....

Well 2

7.0

.00

.00

4Q

8

0

. o

4. 7

1.0

0 

147

94

4 Q

.0

1.4

170

Wells 

(city tap)

7.0

OQ

4Q

9.1

j> 9.6

0

1 OC

Q1

Q 0

.1

0

197

Hardness as CaCO3 :

Total ................

Noncarbonate......

Color .................. .

pH. ......................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at 

25 C.).... ...........

Turbidity..............

Temperature (F. )...

Date of collection...

Well 2

141

01

9

7.8

290

9.5

S1

Jan. 16,

1QCO

Wells 

(city tap)

160

94

o

7.7

342

Oct. 7,

1Q48
NEW YORK 71

SYRACUSE 

(Population, 220,583)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 11, 500 people outside the city limits.

Total population supplied, about 232,000. 

Source: Lake Skaneateles. Emergency connection to New York Water Service

Company to the extent of a few million gallons per day. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: Lake. 

Finished-water storage: 249,000,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO8) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water

0 9

01

.01

04.

5

0

1 5

0

114

14

9 o

.0

1

C

128

Hardness as CaCO,:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

PH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

OK p \

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water

1 no

1 R

0

7

0

999

1.4

Mar 24

1Q51
72 NEW YORK

TROY 

(Population, 72,311)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 1,000 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 73,300.

Source: Tomhannock Reservoir 6 miles northeast of Troy, 70 percent of supply; 

Grafton Reservoir on Quacken Kill Creek 7 miles east of Troy, 30 percent of 

supply. Auxiliary or emergency supply, Frear Park Lake (used once in 1951).

Treatment: Chlorination.

Raw-water storage: 14,000,000,000 gal.

The distribution of the water is completely by gravity with the Grafton supply split 

between upper high and high service by Vanderhyden Reservoir and pressure

reduction.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (CO,) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCO3) .....

Sulfate (SO4 ) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3 ) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water a

q K

no

.00

12

2

K

2

0

1 9

0

qq

14

q i

.1

1.3

61

Hardness as CaCQ,:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pn r>H ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Tpmnp'raturp fF ^

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water a

40

1^

4

fi Q

QQ a

6

-<

AK

Jan. 23,

1QCO

a Tomhannock Reservoir.
NEW YORK 73

UTICA 

(Population, 101,531)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 25,000 people in other communities.

Total population supplied, about 126,000. 

Source: West Canada Creek-Hinckley Reservoir, 97 percent of supply; Springs,

3 percent of supply.

Treatment: Chlorination and ammoniation. 

Raw-water storage: 656,989,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COj) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCO3) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3 ) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water

6

7

.17

.01

4.8 

1.0

K

9

0

6

ft

2 4

.1

 7

as

Hardness as CaCO,:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C.)...... ................

Turbidity ....................

TpmnpTalrifp (f \

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water

i a

10

00

6

C

40.8

5

0

on

Ton 1 (*

1QCO
74 NEW YORK

VALLEY STREAM 

(Population, 26,854)

Ownership: Long Island Water Corp., Lynbrook, N. Y.; also supplies Cedarhurst, 

East Rockaway, Hewlett, Inwood, Lake View, Lawrence, Lynbrook, Malverne, 

Woodmere, and a number of other communities. Total population supplied, 

about 164,000.

Source: Wells in several well fields: Valley Stream, main pumping station 51 

wells 150 ft deep and 40 wells 20 to 40 ft deep connected to a common suction 

line; well N3327 (W. Valley Stream) 451 ft deep, reported to yield 1,400 gpm; 

well N1603 (Lake View) 551 ft deep, reported to yield 1,215 gpm. At any one 

time about 40 wells are in use.

Treatment: Water from main station (Valley Stream): aeration, addition of lime, 

filtration, and chlorination. Water from other wells: addition of lime, and 

chlorination.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: --

Raw-water storage: 

Finished-water storage: 6, 700, 000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOg) ................

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ....... ..

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) ..........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COj) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCO3)......

Sulfate (SOJ ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO.) .............. * 3*

Dissolved solids .........

Hardness as CaCOs: 

Total......................

Color ........................

pH ............................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) 

Turbidity ...................

Temperature (F. )........

Date of collection ........

Suction wells

Raw 

water

8.5 

2.2

\ 6.0

^ 0 

11 

7 

6

.3

12 

3

5 

5.9

56.2

Jan. 18, 

1952

Finished 

water

13 

.20 

.01 

16 

1.4 

/ 4.9 

\ -8 

4 

44 

7.5 

5.8 

.1 

.6 

75

46 

3

0 

8.7

114 

1.6

Jan. 18, 

1952

Well N3327

Raw 

water

10 

.13

\ 3.9

0 

12 

4 

3

.2

10 

0

5 

6.1

41.0

Jan. 18, 

1952

Finished 

water

14 

.18 

.00 

13 

1.3 

/ 3.7 

\ .5 

3 

38 

3.5 

4.1 

.0 

.1 

61

38 

2

0 

8.6

84.3 

1.7

Jan. 18, 

1952

Well N1603

(finished 

water)

11 

.17 

.00 

18 

1.7 

4.3 

.6 

0 

62 

6.0 

4.5 

.0 

.1 

74

52 

1

0 

8.2

115 

1.1

Jan. 18, 

1952
NEW YORK 75

WATERTOWN 

(Population, 34,350)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 250 people outside the city limits, and 

an Air Force installation. Total population supplied, about 35,000.

Source: Black River impounded.

Treatment: Aeration, prechlorination, coagulation with alum, chlorine dioxide, 

sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and adjustment of pH with soda ash.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 9,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: 60,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 8,000, 000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3 ). ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water

7.0

.00

.01

27

0 C

8

0

1.0

0

71

qo

4 4

.1

2

c

124

Hardness as CaCO,:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water

70

1Q

7 9

201

9 q

47

Jan. 15,

1952

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCQs 

(ppm)

Av

40 

36

Max

65 

60

Min

16

14

PH

Av

7.0

7.1

Max

7.4 

7.3

Min

6.7 

6.9

Hardness 

as CaCOs 

(ppm)

Av

54 

52

Max

96 

96

Min

41

38

Turbidity

Av

3 

0

Max

45 

0

Min

1 

0
76 NEW YORK

WHITE PLAINS 

(Population, 43,466)

Ownership: Municipal; also purchases water wholesale from the New York Water 

Service Corp.

Source: Municipal supply: 4 dug wells (1 to 4, on Orchard St.) 20, 23, 15, and 

23 ft deep, 8.6 percent of supply; 2 Orchard St: reservoirs (small streams 

impounded) 15. 7 percent of supply; New York Water Service Corp. supply: 

17 wells (4 to 20) 58 to 118 ft deep on common suction and reported to yield 

545 gpm, 21.6 percent of supply. Auxiliary supply, Catskill supply of New 

York City. (See New York.) New York City furnished 54.1 percent of supply 

in 1951.

Treatment: Chlorination.

Raw-water storage: Upper Orchard St. reservoir, 90,000,000 gal; lower Orchard 

St. reservoir, 120,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: Standpipe at Orchard St., 9,000,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO^ ..........................

Iron (Fe) ..............................

Manganese (Mn) .....................

Calcium (Ca) .........................

Magnesium (Mg). ...... ..............

Sodium (Na)..... ............... .......

Potassium (K) .......................

Carbonate (COj) .....................

Bicarbonate (HCO^. ................

Sulfate (SO4).... .......................

Chloride (Cl) ........................

Fluoride (F) ..........................

Nitrate (NO^ .........................

Dissolved solids ....................

Hardness as CaCO3 : 

Total ................................

Noncarbonate .....................

Color ...................................

pH .......................................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C, )...........

Turbidity............... ..............

Date of collection...................

Depth (feet) ...........................

Diameter (feet) ...................

Date dug ..........................

Percent of supply ...................

Dug well 2 

(raw water)

10

.00

onO\J

19

o 7

1.9

0

29

6.2

.1

1.4

158

124

32

2

7.6

258

5.1

58

Jan. 28, .1952

00

on

1 QQft

Raw 

water a

8.0

.03

.00

6

tr

1.9

2.9

1.5

0

9

15

5.0

.2

.5

49

24

17

2

6.4

77.3

5.4

Jan. 28, 1952

16 wells b 

(raw water)

15

.06

.00

48

23

7.4

2.7

0

200

50

10

.1

4.2

268

214

50

2

7.5

425

5.1

52

Jan. 28, 1952

a Lower Orchard Street reservoir, 

b New York Water Service Corp.
NEW YORK 77

YONKERS 

(Population, 152,798)

Ownership: Municipal.

Source: Saw Mill River and Grassy Sprain Reservoir 65 percent of supply; Catskill

supply, New York City (Hillview Reservoir) 35 percent of supply. 

Treatment: Saw Mill River: slow sand filtration, and chlorination; Grassy Sprain

Reservoir: chlorination0

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 16,000,000 gpd (Saw Mill River plant). 

Raws-water storage: 1, 000, 000,000 gal (Grassy Sprain Reservoir). 

Finished-water storage: 61,000,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOjj) ..........................

Iron (Fe) ..............................

Manganese (Mn) .....................

Calcium (Ca) .........................

Magnesium (Mg). ....................

Sodium (Na)...........................

Potassium (K) .......................

Carbonate (COJ .....................

Bicarbonate (HCOa). ................

Sulfate (SO4).... .......................

Chloride (Cl) ........................

Fluoride (F) ..........................

Nitrate (NOg) .........................

Dissolved solids ....................

Hardness as CaCO3 : 

Total................................

Noncarbonate .....................

Color ...................................

pH.......................................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. )...........

Turbidity ............... ...... ........

TO»Y1 1rl*iY*'li'11Y*O /T? \

Date of collection ...................

Saw Mill River 

(finished 

water)

10

04

09

97ft i

8.5

11

4.0

0

Q(\

QQ

90

.0

3.6

164

109

37

1

7 4

272

.6

Feb. 19, 1952

Grassy Sprain 

Reservoir 

(finished water)

8.1

.10

.04

1 *» iu 

6.4

19

9 ?

0

9Q

28

97

.1

1 *»

19?

64

40

1

6.8

206

.8

Feb. 19, 1952

Hillview 

Reservoira 

(finished water)

3.2

.20

.02 K n

1.8

1 ?

.6

0

11

11

2.5

.1

.6

35

20

11

2

6.8

53.3

2.3

Feb. 19, 1952

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw waterb. ......

Finished waterb.

Finished water c

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

120 

120

60

Max

126 

126

--

Min

64 

64

--

pH

Av

7.4 

7.4

7.2

Max

8.5 

8.5

7.3

Min

7.2 

7.2

7.2

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

120 

120

75

Max

180 

180

80

Min

90 

90

70

Turbidity

Av

--

Max

>100 

5

10

Min

--

a Catskill supply, N. Y. City.

b Sawmill River.

c Grassy Sprain Reservoir.
78 PENNSYLVANIA

ABINGTON township 

(Population, 28,988)

Ownership: Philadelphia Suburban Water Company. (See Upper Darby.) Also 

supplies Cheltenham township and adjacent communities. Total population 

supplied, about 52,000.

Source: Neshaminy Creek.

Treatment: Prechlorination, coagulation with alum (and lime when necessary), 

taste and odor control with activated carbon, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, postchlorination, ammoniation, and adjustment of pH with hydrated lime.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 13,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: 650,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 

The water supplied to Abington and Cheltenham townships is treated at the 

Neshaminy Creek plant.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOa) ..........................

Iron (Fe) ..............................

Manganese (Mn) .....................

Calcium (Ca) .........................

Magnesium (Mg). ....................

Sodium (Na).... .......................

Potassium (K) .......................

Carbonate (COJ .....................

Bicarbonate (HCOa). ................

Sulfate (SO*)..... ......................

Chloride (Cl) .........................

Fluoride (F) ..........................

Nitrate (NCg .........................

Dissolved solids ....................

Hardness as CaCO3 : 

Total................................

Noncarbonate ............. ........

Color...................................

pH.......................................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C,). ..........

Turbidity ............... ...... ........

Tf1PTY*riAi< Qi'iii*P /TP \ .............

Date of collection...................

Neshaminy 

Creek a 

(raw water)

9 1

nc

17 60

\ 9.0

^

97O 1

ta

19\.£i

3

0

CQ

38

Q

7.0

OK

June 13, 1951

Finished 

water b

5.8

nc

i«J 

4 5

1. U

17

0

4.Q

^n

IQxo 

.0

5 1

56

17

Q

7

C

one

77

Aug. 29. 1951

Finished 

water c

5

K

nc

ID

2

R

19

0

48

ou <m

1?Ltj

.0

A Q

117

K(\

11

Q

7

/>

onf>

70

Aug. 29, 1951

a Analysis by Philadelphia Suburban Water Company. 

^Tap sample, Abington township. 

c Tap sample, Cheltenham township.
PENNSYLVANIA 79

ALIQUIPPA 

(Population, 26,132)

Ownership: Woodlawn Water Company.

Source: 5 wells (6, 7, 8, 14, and 16) 85, 88, 88, 90, and 91 ft deep.

Treatment: Prechlorination (chlorine dioxide). Split treatment: about \ of supply, coagulation with lime and soda ash, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration; 

about i of supply, softening with zeolite. The mixed treated waters are postchlorinated.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 4,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: None.

Finished-water storage: 3,775,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOa) ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) .....

Calcium (Ca) .........

Sodium (Na) ..........

Potassium (K) ....... 

Carbonate (COJ ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCOs)

Sulfate (804) ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate (NO^ .........

Dissolved solids.....

Raw 

water

V

V 39

0 

1 1Q

99c

94.

9 9

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

14

.14

oo

Q 9

*/ ft

127 

0

1 9fi

91Q

41

.0

5

Q

525

Hardness as CaCO3 :

Total ................

Wrtn f* Q i*Vwvn £i i*f>

Color ...................

pH.......................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 C.). .......... ....

Turbidity..............

Temperature (F.)...

Date of collection...

Raw 

water

OQQ

909

8

n

799

76

Aug. 30,

1QS1

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

1 10

14

Q

8

n

on A

76

Aug. 30,

1Q^1

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

106 

116

Max

110 

120

Min

102 

106

PH

Av

7.3 

7.6

Max

7.4 

7.8

Min

7.2 

7.5

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

270 

72

Max

280 

78

Min

248 

68

Turbidity

Av

0 

0

Max

0 

0

Min

0 

0
80 PENNSYLVANIA

ALLENTOWN 

(Population, 106,756)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 900 people outside the city limits.

Total population supplied, about 107,700. 

Source: Little Lehigh River (about 30 percent of supply), Shantz and Crystal

Springs (about 69 percent of supply), and wells (about 1 percent of supply). 

Treatment: Spring water: chlorination; Little Lehigh River: coagulation with

alum, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 10,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 5,000, 000 gal (spring basins). 

Finished-water storage: 40,000,000 gal.

A treatment plant of 20 million gpd capacity is under construction; to be completed during 1952.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOa) ......................

Iron (Fe). ..........................

Calcium (Ca) .....................

Magnesium (Mg) ................

Sodium (Na). ......................

Potassium (K) ...................

Carbonate (COj) .................

Bicarbonate (HCOg).. ...........

Sulfate (SO4) ......................

Chloride (Cl). ....................

Fliioride (F) .....................

Nitrate (NCg .....................

Dissolved solids ................

Hardness as CaCOs: 

Total ............................

Color...............................

pH. .......... ........................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) ...... 

Turbidity..........................

Temperature (F.) ..............

Wells

(raw 

water)

\ 8.5

7 

214 

39 

11

14

236

49

3 

8.1

479

59 

June 28, 

1951

Shantz 

Spring 

(raw water)

10 

.06

44 

14 

f 1.9 

\ 1.3 

6 

152 

23 

5.1 

.1 

14 

205

167 

33

2 

8.2

348

55 

June 28, 

1951

Raw 

water a

4.1 

.59

34 

17 

2.0 

1.8 

3 

152 

18 

5.1 

.0 

11 

184

155 

25

4 

8.1

317

70 

June 28, 

1951

Finished 

water

11 

.08

3-5 

17 

2.6 

1.8 

3 

140 

26 

6.5 

.1 

10 

196

157 

38

3

8.0

324

67 

June 28, 

1951

a Little Lehigh River.
PENNSYLVANIA 81

ALLENTOWN- -Continued

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

120 

116

Max

140 

138

Min

65 

60

PH

Av

7.6 

7.7

Max

8.0 

7.9

Min

7.4 

7.4

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

170 

170

Max

188 

188

Min

160 

160

Turbidity

AV

25

0

Max

500 

4

Min

7 

0

ALTOONA 

(Population, 77,177)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 2, 500 people outside the city limits.

Total population supplied, about 79,700. 

Source: Mountain streams impounded. 

Treatment: Chlorination.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 6, 500,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 1,238,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 9,485,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOa) ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) ..... 

Calcium (Ca) .........

Magnesium (Mg)..... 

Sodium (Na) .......... 

Potassium (K) .......

Carbonate (CO,) ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCOj) 

Sulfate (SOJ ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitratp fNO ^

Dissolved solids.....

Raw

water a

13 

.70 

5.9 

22 

22 >.-

b o

0 

260 

14 

.2 

.1 

*457

Finished 

water 

(city tad

10 

.38 

3.6 

20 

19 

/ 2.5 

\ 2.1 

CO 

0 

170 

2.6 

.2 

.0 

6306

Hardness as CaCO3 : 

Total .................

Noncarbonate. .....

Color .................. .

pH.. .....................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 C.). ..............

Turbidity..............

Temperature (F.)... 

Date of collection...

Raw 

water a

260 

260

4 

3.45

615

59 

July 28, 

1951

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

228 

228

6 

3.90

398

July 28, 

1951

a Glen White Stream.

b Total acidity as H2SO4 , 136 ppm.

c Total acidity as H2SO4 , 74 ppm.

d Includes 18 ppm of Aluminum (Al). 

e Includes 11 ppm of Aluminum (Al).
82 PENNSYLVANIA

BEAVER FALLS 

(Population, 17,375)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies East Rochester, Eastvale, Fallston, Freedom, New Brighton, Patterson Heights, Rochester, West Bridge water, West 

Mayfieldj and Chippewa, Daugherty, Patterson, Pulaski, Rochester, and 

White townships. Total population supplied, about 60,000.

Source: Beaver River.

Treatment: (At plants at Eastvale and New Brighton) prechlorination (chlorine 

dioxide), coagulation with alum and lime, activated carbon, sedimentation, 

rapid sand filtration, and postchlorination (chlorine dioxide).

Rated capacity of treatment plants: Eastvale Plant, 6,000,000 gpd; New Brighton 

Plant, 4,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: 

Finished-water storage: 11,300,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO.,) ..........................

Iron (Fe) ..............................

Manganese (Mn) .....................

Calcium (Ca) .........................

Magnesium (Me).....................

Sodium (Na).. .........................

Potassium (K) .......................

Carbonate (COJ .....................

Bicarbonate (HCO^. .................

Sulfate (SO4)..... ............... .......

Chloride (Cl) .........................

Fluoride (F) ..........................

Nitrate (NOa) .........................

Dissolved solids ....................

Hardness as CaCO3 : 

Total................................

Noncarbonate .....................

Color...................................

pH................ .......................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. )...........

Turbidity............... ..............

'Tovrt fiot*Qi"iiT»<a /TI1 \

Date of collection...................

Raw 

water a

\ 24 ' !

0

iq

OR

6 a

 f CO

19

7.0

481

81

Aug. 30, 1951

Raw

water b

23

0

<*4

1 RQ

95

7.7

184

1 Rfi

15

7.2

499

01

Aug. 30, 1951

Finished 

water b

4 5

OQ

on

1 O

20

0

40

OQ

.1

8 1

oco

1QQ

166

8

7.5

558

85

Aug. 30, 1951

a At New Brighton plant. 

b At Eastvale plant.
PENNSYLVANIA 83

BEAVER FALLS--Continued 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

60 

65

Max

100 

110

Min

15 

15

PH

Av

7=0 

7.3

Max

8.0 

8.2

Min

6.3

7.0

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

160 

165

Max

250 

260

Min

75 

80

Turbidity

Av

60 

0

Max

BOOO 

3

Min

15 

0

BETHLEHEM 

(Population, 66,340)

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also Fountainhill, Freemansburg, Miller Heights, 

and Salisbury township. Total population supplied, about 78,300.

Source: Wild Creek impounded in Wild Creek Reservoir about 27 mi north of 

Bethlehem. The water is pumped to Ulicks Mill Reservoir and from there 

direct to consumers. Auxiliary or emergency supplies, Lehigh River; 1 deep 

well in Freemansburg; and 2 deep wells in Miller Heights.

Treatment: Chlorination when needed, and Calgon for corrosion control.

Raw-water storage: 4,100,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 21,000,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiCg ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) .....

Calcium (Ca) .........

Magnesium (Mg).....

Sodium (Na) ..........

Carbonate (COj) ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCOj)

Sulfate (SOJ ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate (NO^ .........

Dissolved solids.....

Raw 

water a

C1

Q n

1.4

\ 8.9

0

10

on

2.4

~

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

5.1

in

1.6

(

o n

-4

0 

6

3

C

1.6

.0

.5

22

Hardness as CaCO3 :

TWal

Noncarbonate......

Color ...................

pH.......................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at 

25 C.).. .............

Turbidity..............

Temperature (F. )...

Date of collection...

Raw 

water a

15

5

K

6.0

3.6.

53

May 23,

1951

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

6

2

4

7.1

22.1

59

June 28,

1951

aWild Creek; analysis by City Chemist, Bethlehem.
84 PENNSYLVANIA

BETHLEHEM Continued 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

5.4 

5.5

Max Min

PH

Av

6.0 

60 1

Max Min

--

Hardness 

as CaCOg 

(ppm)

Av

6.0 

6.1

Max

. 

Min

--

Turbidity

Av

3.6

2,7

Max

--

Min

--

BRADFORD

(Population, 17,354)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 2,000 people outside the city limits.

Total population supplied, about 19,400. 

Source: Gilbert Run impounded in No. 2 Reservoir; Mar ilia Brook impounded in

No. 3 Reservoir. Auxiliary supply, four Layne wells, yield rated at 500 gpm

each. The wells are used only during dry periods when the surface supplies

are inadequate. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: No. 2 Reservoir, 206,000,000 gal; No. 3 Reservoir,

120,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: None.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

TV^Q n0*Qn^c^ ^TV/fn ^

Calcium (Ca) ..............

A/Taon^QiiiTYi (Mto\

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS ) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ...............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3 ) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

5.6

.10

14

6

c

} «

0

26

91

cc

.0

.4

179

Hardness as CaCO^:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C.)... ...................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water 

(cititapl

62

41

8

7.4

720

60

Aug. 28,

1951
PENNSYLVANIA 85

BUTLER 

(Population, 23,482)

Ownership: American Water Works Service Company; supplies also parts of 

Butler, Center, and Summit townships; borough of East Butler, and village of 

Lyndora. Total population supplied, about 31,400.

Source: Connoquenessing Creek, 80 percent of supply; Thorn Run Creek, 20 percent of supply.

Treatment: Coagulation with alum, activated carbon, sedimentation, rapid sand 

filtration, chlorination, ammoniation, and pH control with lime.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 6,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: 869,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 2,000,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOa) ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn).....

Calcium (Ca) ......... 

Magnesium (Mg).....

Sodium (Na) ..........

Potassium (K) .......

Carbonate (COj) ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCOj)

Sulfate (SOJ ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate (NOj) .........

Dissolved solids.....

Raw 

water

.07

~ ~

N

> 18

0 

31

21

Q1

1.7

Finished 

water

4.6

.11

27

7 5

31

0 

35

26

7Q

.1

.7

243

Hardness as CaCO3 :

Total ................

Noncarbonate......

Color...................

pH.......................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at 

25 C.)..... ......... .

Turbidity..............

Temperature (F.)...

Date of collection...

Raw 

water

54

29

7

7.0

210

67

Aug. 27,

1Q51

Finished 

water

no

70

7.7

398

70

Aug. 27,

1QM

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water. .......

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCOj 

(ppm)

Av

20 

29

Max

31 

37

Min

9 

13

pH

Av

6.7 

7.9

Max

7.2

8.4

Min

6.3 

7.2

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

61

Max

84

Min

40

Turbidity

Av

20 

0

Max

60 

0

Min

3

0
86 PENNSYLVANIA

CHAMBERSBURG 

(Population, 17,212)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 1,400 people outside the city limits.

Total population supplied, about 18,600. 

Source: Conococheague Creek (head waters). 

Treatment: Chlorination, and adjustment of pH with caustic soda. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 5,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 387,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 2,200,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOj) ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) .....

Calcium (Ca) .........

Magnesium (Mg).....

Sodium (Na) ..........

Potassium (K) .......

Carbonate (CO^ ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCO^

Sulfate (SO4) ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate (NOs) .........

Dissolved solids.....

Raw 

water

0

 J K

1.1

.0

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

c 7

.10

1.4

\ 2.7

0

o o

9 "=>

.0

.4

22

Hardness as CaCO3 :

Tntal .......

Noncarbonate ......

Color ...................

PH.......................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

OK p \

Turbidity ..............

Temperature (F. )...

Date of collection...

Raw 

water

c

5

6.8

15.6

62

Sept. 19,

1951

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

7

0

FJ

7.8

23.6

69

Sept. 19,

1951
PENNSYLVANIA 87

CHARLEROI 

(Population, 9,872)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies Donora, Monessen, N. Charleroi, Speers, 

and parts of adjacent townships. Total population supplied, about 44,000.

Source: Monongahela River.

Treatment: Coagulation with alum and lime, ammoniation, chlorination, sedimentation, rapid (anthrafilt) filtration, and postchlorination.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 5,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: None.

Finished-water storage: 10 reservoirs and 3 standpipes, 13,000,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

1

Silica (SiOa) ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) ..... 

Calcium (Ca) .........

Magnesium (Mg)..... 

Sodium (Na) ..........

Potassium (K) .......

Carbonate (COJ ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCOg) 

Sulfate (SO4) ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate (NOa) .........

Dissolved solids.....

Raw 

water

0 

0 

285 

8.4

.6

Finished 

water

2.9 

.02

71 

13

\ 33

0 

8.0 

276 

5.4 

.1 

1.2 

450

Hardness as CaCO3 :

Tntnl ..... .....

Noncarbonate. .....

Color ................ ...

pH .......................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 C.).... ...........

Turbidity..............

Temperature (F.)... 

Date of collection...

Raw 

water

a 175 

175

5 

3.5

704

Aug. 23, 

1951

Finished 

water

231 

224

5 

7.0

630

75 

Aug. 23, 

1951

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished Water...

Alkalinity

as CaCO3

(ppm)

Av

3-1?

18

Max

b_9Q

29

Min

b_i

11

PH

Av

4.4

8.8

Max

6

/1

9.5

Min

? 4

8.2

Hardness

as CaCO3

(ppm)

Av

1QQ

140

Max

1Q9

219

Min

Q9

85

Turbidity

Av

on

00

Max

2000

0

Min

0

a Ver senate.

b Acidity. Methyl orange indicator.

CHELTENHAM township 

(Population, 22,854)

Ownership: Supplied by Philadelphia Suburban Water Company. (See Abington 

township and Upper Darby.)
88 PENNSYLVANIA

CHESTER 

(Population, 66,039)

Ownership: Chester Municipal Authority.

Source: Octoraro Creek impounded in Chester-Octoraro Lake about 38 miles 

from the city. *

Treatment: Aeration, prechlorination, coagulation with alum, addition of activated carbon (Nuchar), sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, postchlorination, 

and adjustment of pH with lime.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 12, 500,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: Chester-Octoraro Lake, 2,500,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 15,000,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

10

.04

16

o 4

} -

0

OK

17

7 5

Q 1

86

Hardness as CaCCy

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

oc p \

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

54

33

3

7.3

136

60

Jan. 8,

1952

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCQs 

(ppm)

Av

29 

41

Max

42 

61

Min

18 

26

PH

Av

6.5 

8.2

Max

6.6 

8.3

Min

6.4 

8.1

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

80 

106

Max

128

147

Min

49 

66

Turbidity

Av

140 

0

Max

168 

0

Min

108 

0
PENNSYLVANIA 89

CLAIRTON 

(Population, 19,652)

Ownership: Monongahela Valley Water Corporation; also supplies Dravosburg, 

Elizabeth, Glassport, and West Elizabeth. Total population supplied, about 

36,100.

Source: Monongahela River.

Treatment: Coagulation with lime and alum, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, 

and chlorination.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 3,600,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: None.

Finished-water storage: 2,330,000 gal.

The treatment plant is located at Eiizahoth.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO,) ..........

Iron (Fe) ...... .......

Manganese (Mn) .....

Calcium (Ca) .........

Magnesium (Mg).....

Potassium (K) .......

Carbonate (CO,) ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCOj)

Sulfate (SOJ ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate (NOj) .........

Dissolved solids.....

Raw 

water

__

0 

0

qr\4

9

0

Finished 

water

q n

ift

f?C

j. fj

\42 r2

0

10J. 57

9Q1*

19

.0

6

1

474

Hardness as CaCO3 :

Total ................

Noncarbonate. .....

Color .............. .....

pH. ......................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

OK p \

Turbidity..............

Temperature (F.)...

Date of collection...

Raw 

water

a !84

184

3.5

794

79

Aug. 31,

1951

Finished 

water

251

236

7.8

698

80

Aug. 31,

1951

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity

as CaCO3

(ppm)

Av

b-1

18

Max

10

28

Min

b-24

8

PH

Av

. 

8.9

Max

__

9.6

Min

 _

7.8

Hardness

as CaCO3

(ppm)

Av

10R

120

Max

?,14

234

Min

60

58

Turbidity

Av

55

0

Max

400

10

Min

5

0

a Versenate. 

b Acidity.
90 PENNSYLVANIA

DUNMORE 

(Population, 20,305)

Ownership: Scranton-Spring Brook Water Service Company. (See Scranton.) 

Source: Dunmore No. 1 Reservoir, NayAu Well, and Williams Bridge Reservoir. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: 412,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS ) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCO3 ) .....

Sulfate (SO4 ) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3 ) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

1.0

nQ

1.0 

1.7

\ 7.8

0

10

11

4.4

.0

.6

40

Hardness as CaGO,:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

TpmnpTahjiT'p (V \

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

10

1

<j

7.0

57.2

72

Sept. 12,

1QK1
PENNSYLVANIA 91

DUQUESNE 

(Population, 17,620)

Ownership: Municipal.

Source: 7 wells (A, B, C, E, F, G, H) 130, 139, 117, 74, 87, 105, and 75ft

deep; yield reported to be 250, 300, 200, 200, 400, 200, and 200 gpm. 

Treatment: Addition of lime, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and chlorination (in emergencies).

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 2, 500,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: reservoir, 2,070,000 gal; standpipe, 450,000 gal.

The wells are located in the immediate vicinity of the waterworks plant. It is reported that there is considerable variation in the chemical composition of the 

water from the individual wells.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOa) ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) .....

Calcium (Ca) .........

Magnesium (Mg).....

Sodium (Na) ..........

Potassium (K) .......

C ar bonate (C Oj) ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCOj)

Sulfate (SO4) ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate (NO^ .........

Dissolved solids.....

Wells 

(raw 

water)

«. .

A co > 53

0 

44

oo

6.6

Finished 

water

10

. 14J.TC

1 ft

35

4 

q

94

.1

o q

493

Hardness as CaCO3 :

Noncar bonate......

Color .................. .

pH .......................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at 

25 C.). . .............

Turbidity ..............

Temperature (F.)...

Date of collection...

Wells 

(raw 

water)

014

278

6.3

719

80

Aug. 21,

1951

Finished 

water

9^fi

242

4

8.9

693

80

Aug. 21,

1951

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCQ3 

(ppm)

Av

43 

20

Max

45 

24

Min

40 

15

PH

Av

6.5 

9.0

Max

7.2 

9.2

Min

6.2

8.8

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av Max Min

Turbidity

Av Max Min
92 PENNSYLVANIA

EASTON 

(Population, 35,632)

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 24,000 people outside the city limits.

Total population supplied, about 59,600. 

Source: Delaware River about 81 percent of supply; 4 wells (2, 3, 5, 6) 70, 347,

92, and 92 ft deep, about 18 percent of supply; springs about 1 percent of suppiy.

Treatment: Coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and chlorination.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 8,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: None.

Finished-water storage: 15, 500,000 gal.

One half of the southern part of Easton is supplied by wells and springs. The well 

water is chlorinated at the source and pumped into the distribution system. 

Should the consumer use be less than the output of the wells, the excess well 

water is pumped to a reservoir, which is also fed by springs. Water from this 

reservoir is used if the consumer demand exceeds the output of the wells.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOjs) ..........................

Iron (Fe) ..............................

Manganese (Mn) .....................

Calcium (Ca) .........................

Magnesium (Mg).. ...................

Sodium (Na). ..........................

Potassium (K) .......................

Carbonate (COj) .....................

Bicarbonate (HCOa)... ..............

Sulfate (SO4)... ...... ..................

Chloride (Cl) .........................

Fluoride (F) ..........................

Nitrate (NOa) .........................

Dissolved solids ....................

Hardness as CaCO3 : 

Total ................................

Noncarbonate .....................

Color...................................

pH.......................................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. )...........

Turbidity ............... ...... ........

Date of collection ...................

Wells, 

composite a 

(raw water)

1 A

OC

O K

00

\ 26

0

907

41

1 R

.1

oqc

1 7Q

8

Q

7 ^

.158*

July, 1951

Delaware 

River a

(raw water)

2

0

07

1 A

3

C

2.7

1

41

11

9

K

OR

IflQ

K4

16

3

8.6

.2

73

July, 1951

Delaware 

River 

(finished water)

4 9

.06

91

q n

(

4. A 8ft 

1.0

0

40

Qrt

8

0

0

.7

98

65

32

3

7.9

161

77

July 28, 1951

a Analysis by Easton Water Department.
PENNSYLVANIA 93

EASTON - -Continued 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water ^..

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

27 

32

Max

39 

42

Min

15 

20

PH

Av

7.0 

8.6

Max

7.6 

9.0

Min

6.5

8.0

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

67

Max

78

Min

48

Turbidity

Av

18 

.6

Max

450 

1.3

Min

4.0 

.2

ERIE 

(Population, 130,803)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies a population of about 20,000 outside the city

limits. Total population supplied, about 150,000. 

Source: Lake Erie. 

Treatment: (Both plants) coagulation with alum, activated carbon, sedimentation,

rapid sand filtration, ammoniation, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plants: West Side Plant, 28,000,000 gpd; Chestnut

St. Plant, 32,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 

Finished-water storage: 43,400,485 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiCg ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) ....V 

Calcium (Ca) .........

Magnesium (Mg)..... 

So'dium (Na) ..........

Potassium (K) .......

Carbonate (CO,) ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ 

Sulfate (SO4) ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate (NO ^

Dissolved solids.....

Raw 

water a

1.2 

.03

36 

8.5 

8.0 

1.2

111 

24 

19 

.0

172

Finished 

water b

1.5 

.11

37 

8.9 

9.4 

.6 

0 

108 

24 

20 

.0 

.4 

177

Hardness as CaCO3 :

Total ... .......

Noncarbonate. . ....

Color...................

_ TT pH. ................ ......

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at

OK p \

Turbidity..............

Temperature (F. )... 

Date of collection...

Raw 

water a

125 

34

2

7.5

0 

70 

July 15, 

1951

Finished 

water b

129 

40

2

7.8

300

73 

July 26, 

1951

a Analysis by firie Bureau of Water, 

b At Chestnut Street treatment plant,
94 PENNSYLVANIA

GREENSBURG 

(Population, 16,923)

Ownership: Municipal Authority of Westmoreland County; also supplies Apollo, 

Irwin, Jeannette, Leechburg, Mt. Pleasant, Scottsdale, Vandergrift, and a 

number of other places. Total population supplied, about 68,000.

Source: Beaver Run impounded in Beaver Run Reservoir, 50 percent of supply; 

collected surface runoff into interconnected Immel and Unity Reservoirs, 50 

percent of supply; Greenlick and Bridgeport Reservoirs.

Treatment: Beaver Run supply: coagulation with alum, aeration, addition of lime 

and carbon, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and chlorination. Unity Reservoir supply: Copper sulfate for control of algae, and chlorination.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: Beaver Run supply, 10,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: Beaver Run Reservoir, 9,180, 000, 000 gal; Immel and Unity 

Reservoirs, 180, 000,000 and 365,000, 000 gal, respectively.

Finished-water storage: Irwin reservoir, 45,000,000 gal; Jeanette reservoir, 

1,500, 000 gal.

Ruffsdale, Mt. Pleasant, and Scottsdale are supplied from Greenlick and Bridgeport Reservoirs.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by Municipal Authority of Westmoreland County)

Silica (SiCg ..........................

Iron (Fe) ..............................

Manganese (Mn) .....................

Magnesium (Mg).. ........ ...........

Sodium (Na).... .......................

Potassium (K) .......................

Carbonate (COJ .....................

Bicarbonate (RCOJ. ...... ..........

Sulfate (SO4X... .......................

Chloride (Cl) ........................

Fluoride (F) ..........................

Nitrate (NO^ .........................

Dissolved solids ....................

Hardness as CaCO3: 

Total................................

Noncarbonate .....................

Color...................................

pH.......................................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. )...........

Turbidity ............... ...... ........

Date of collection ...................

Beaver Run 

(raw water)

.10

1.4

oc£D 

8c

\ 3.2

0

17

on

8.4

146

IftQ

89

7 9

9 K

1953

Beaver Run 

(finished water)

.00

.00

«ji 

7.7

7.0

aop.

oc

14

162

1 1 C

94

0

8.6

0

1953

Unity 

Reservoir

.10

AC

8 n. U 

60

0

19

1 ft

8.4

63

4R

35

7.0

6.5

Feb. 24, 1953

a Total alkalinity as bicarbonate (HCOS).
PENNSYLVANIA 95

HARRISBURG 

(Population, 89,544)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 17,000 people outside the city limits.

Total population supplied, about 106,500. 

Source: Clark Creek impounded in DeHart Reservoir. Auxiliary or emergency

supply, Susquehanna River (with 20,000,000 gpd treatment plant). 

Treatment: Natural sedimentation, pH control with lime, and chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 22,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 5,260,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 51,000,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO^ ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) .....

Calcium (Ca) .........

Magnesium (Mg).....

Sodium (Na) ..........

Potassium (K) .......

Carbonate (COJ ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCOs)

Sulfate (SO4) ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate (NOs) .........

Dissolved solids.....

Raw 

water

.. *.

\ 2.7

0 

10

5

0

q

.0

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

2.6

rvo

3.6

 q«7

1.7

0

4 9

q 4

.0

.0

24

Hardness as CaCO3 :

Trvt-al .... ....

Noncarbonate ......

Color...................

pH.. .....................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

OC p \

Turbidity..............

Temperature (F. )...

Date of collection...

Raw

water

19

4

C

7.0

38.2

71

Sept. 19,

1951

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

1^

5

q

7.1

33.5

72

Sept. 19,

1951

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

6 

11

Max

8 

17

Min

5 

6

PH

Av

6.4 

8.1

Max

6.6 

9.0

Min

6.0 

6.8

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

20 

33

Max

33 

42

Min

16 

26

Turbidity

Av

3.4 

3.0

Max

7.0 

3.0

Min

3.0 

3.0
96 PENNSYLVANIA

HAVERFORD township 

(Population, 39,641)

Ownership: Philadelphia Suburban Water Company. (See Upper Darby.)

Source: Pickering Creek. Emergency supply, Perkiomen Creek.

Treatment: Prechlorination, coagulation with alum (also lime when necessary), 

taste and odor control with activated carbon, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, postchlorination, ammoniation, and adjustment of pH with lime.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 16,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: 350,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOa) ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) .....

Calcium (Ca) .........

Magnesium (Mg).....

Sodium (Na) ..........

Potassium (K) .......

Carbonate (CO,) ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCO,)

Sulfate (SO4) ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate ( NO ^

Dissolved solids.....

Raw 

water a

11

.10

1 Q

u. rz

8.8

C1

?n

8

n

.1

2 n

133

Finished 

water b

K 9

. \J£t

91

6

e

\58? O. o

0

KC

9,9

8

0

.0

9 O

122

Hardness as CaCO3 :

Total ................

Noncarbonate ......

Color ...................

pH.......................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at 

25 C.).. ............ .

Turbidity..............

Temperature (F, )...

Date of collection...

Raw 

water a

67

25

q

7.0

0 OR

May 28,

1951

Finished 

water b

7Q

34

7.7

9HQ

80

Aug. 30,

1QS1

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCQj 

(ppm)

Av

33 

32

Max

--

Min

--

pH

Av

7.3

7.0

Max

8.8

Min

6.6

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

--

Max

--

Min

--

Turbidity

Av

24 

.34

Max

800

Min

2

a Pickering Creek. Analysis by Philadelphia Suburban Water Company, 

b Tap sample, South Ardmore, Pa.
PENNSYLVANIA 97

HAZLETON 

(Population, 35,491)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies West Hazleton and other communities.

Total population supplied, about 47,500. 

Source: Reservoirs (Drek Creek, Wolf Run, and other streams impounded) 97

percent of supply; wells, 3 percent of supply. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: 

Finished-water storage: 572,412,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOg) ................

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) ..........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (CO,) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS )......

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NOj) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Hardness as CaCOs: 

Total......................

Color ........................

pH ............................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 G. ) 

Turbidity ...................

Temperature (F. )........

Date of collection ........

Raw 

watera

__

} -

0

9

2.6

1.2

.4

R

6.8

24.7

68

Sept. 11,

1951

Raw 

water b

( .-

4

1.0

.4

4

6.5

22.6

68

Sept. 11,

1951

Raw 

water c

__

_

_

_

0

2

1.0

.4

4

0

£1

5

6.0

14.5

71

Sept. 11,

1951

Finished 

water <*

2.1

.06

1.6

1.0

> /12 lm *

0

3

5.8

1.6

.0

.0

19

5

6.3

23.2

67

Sept. 11,

1951

Finished 

water e

2.1

.13

1.2

.6

1.6

0

5

2.1

1.9

.0

.0

16

C

1

6 q

18.1

68

Sept. 11,

1951

a Mt. Pleasant Reservoir; supply for part of Hazleton and West Hazleton.

b Composite: well water, Wolf Run, and Barnes Run.

c Barnes Reservoir.

d West Hazleton, city tap.

e Hazleton, city tap.
98 PENNSYLVANIA

JOHNSTOWN 

(Population, 63,232)

Ownership: Johnstown Water Company; also supplies about 35,000 people outside

the city limits. Total population supplied, about 98,000. 

Source: Mountain streams impounded in 5 reservoirs (Salt Lick, North Fork, Mill

Creek, Laurel Run, and Dalton Run).

Treatment: Chlorination on supply line from each reservoir. 

Raw-water storage: 

Finished-water storage: 

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOg) ................

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Ma gnesium (Mg) ..........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (I£) ............

Carbonate (COJ .....

Bicarbonate (HCOS)......

Sulfate (SO4 ) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO,) .............. v 3*

Dissolved solids .........

Hardness as CaCOs: 

Total......................

Color ........................

PH ............................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 G. ) 

Turbidity ...................

Temperature (F. )........

Date of collection ........

Raw 

water a

> "

0 

6 

11 

2.0

4.1

15 

10

10 

6.8

46.0

48 

Aug. 22, 

1951

Raw 

water b

2 0 4

0 

6 

11 

1.2

1.4

14 

9

9

7.1

42.2

60 

Aug. 22, 

1951

Raw 

water c

1.1

0 

11 

23 

1.8

2.3

35 

26

8 

7.1

90.6

63 

Aug. 22, 

1951

Raw 

water d

5.4

0 

11 

11 

4.2

1.8

16

7

8 

6.9

45.5

66 

Aug. 22, 

1951

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

3.8 

.10

4.1 

1.7

2.3

0 

7 

8.4 

2.1 

.0 

5.8 

37

17 

12

3 

6.9

46.9

61 

Aug. 22, 

1951

a North Fork Reservoir, 

b Dalton Run Reservoir, 

c Salt Lick Reservoir. 

Creek Reservoir.
PENNSYLVANIA

JOHNSTOWN Continued

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

99

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

6.3

Max

10

Min

3.5

PH

Av

6.1

Max

6.4

Min

5.0

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

21

Max

33

Min

17

Turbidity

Av

5

Max

13

Min

5

KINGSTON 

(Population, 21,096)

Ownership: Scranton-Spring Brook Water Service Company. (See Scranton.)

Source: Hillside and Spring Brook Reservoirs (creeks impounded).

Treatment: 50 percent of supply: coagulation with alum and lime, sedimentation,

filtration, and chlorination. 50 percent of supply: chlorination. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 

Raw-water storage: 

Finished-water storage: 

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOjj) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COj) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCO3 ) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ................

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

^y 3.2

0

19

17

Q 4

Hardness as CaCO^:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

a OR

1 G

R

6 q

75 1

on

Cortf 1 9

 tORI

a Versenate.
100 PENNSYLVANIA

LANCASTER 

(Population, 63,774)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 20,000 people outside the city limits*

Total population supplied, about 84,000. 

Source: Conestoga River. 

Treatment: Coagulation with alum, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, ammoniation, chlorination, and aeration. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 16,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 30,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 13,000,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOa) ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) ..... 

Calcium (Ca) .........

Magnesium (Mg)..... 

Sodium (Na) .......... 

Potassium (K) .......

Carbonate (CO^ ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCO,) 

Sulfate (SOJ ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate (NOa) .........

Dissolved solids.....

Raw 

water

\ 4.6

8 

166 

21 

6.5

12

Finished 

water

4.5 

.05

43 

17

3.4

0 

141 

45 

6.6 

.0 

16 

232

Hardness as CaCO3 : 

Total ................

Noncarbonate. .....

Color............... .

rkVT

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at

OR p \

Turbidity..............

Temperature (F.)... 

Date of collection...

Raw 

water

180 

31

8 

8.1

364

71 

Aug. 7, 

1951

Finished 

water

177 

62

5 

7.9

358

71 

Aug. 7, 

1951

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951

Raw water.........

Finished water^..

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

115 

106

Max

160 

148

Min

30 

38

pH

Av

7.6 

7.1

Max

8.1 

7.4

Min

6.3 

6.4

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

155

Max

205

Min

85

Turbidity

Av

57 

.0

Max

650 

1.0

Min

8 

.0
PENNSYLVANIA 101

LEBANON 

(Population, 2&, 156)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 2,000 people outside the city limits.

Total population supplied, about 30,200. 

Source: Fishing Creek and Gold Mine Run impounded in High Bridge Reservoir,

20 miles north of Lebanon.

Treatment: Chlorination, Calgon and lime for pH and corrosion control. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 9,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 370,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiCg ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) .....

Calcium (Ca) .........

Magnesium (Mg).....

Sodium (Na) ..........

Potassium (K) .......

Carbonate (CO,) ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCOj)

Sulfate (SOJ ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate (NO,) .........

Dissolved solids.....

Raw 

water

--

A , 7

0 

 »

8

Q

1.0

Finished 

water

5

0

i A

6. 11 

1

C

. O

1.4

0 

10

8

0

C 1

.1

.0

42

Hardness as CaCO3 :

Total ................

Noncarbonate......

Color...................

pH .......................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at 

. 25 C.)..... ......... .

Turbidity..............

Temperature (F. )

Date of collection...

Raw 

water

10

8

6.3

30.5

fiQ

A iicr 7

1QR1

Finished 

water

00

14

7 R

58.8

68

Aug. 7,

1QC1

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCQs 

(ppm)

Av

3 

6

Max Min

pH

Av

6.0 

6.8

Max Min

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

10 

16

Max Min

Turbidity

Av

2 

2

Max Min
102 PENNSYLVANIA

LOWER MERION township 

(Population, 48,745)

Ownership: Philadelphia Suburban Water Company. (See Upper Darby.)

ANALYSIS 

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS ) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3 ) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water a

7 ^

..01

22

6

0

8.5

0

PJ7

07

8.5

.0

O 1

130

Hardness as CaCOu:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

PH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water a

80

34

K

7.8

211

81

Aug. 30,

1951

a Tap sample, Bryn Mawr, Pa.

McKEESPORT 

(Population, 51,502)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies Eden Park, Liberty, Port Vue, Versailles, 

and White Oak; and part of North Versailles township. Total population supplied, about 68,300.

Source: Youghiogheny River about 75 percent of supply (1950); Monongahela River 

about 23 percent of supply (1950).

Treatment: Softening with lime and soda ash, coagulation with alum, activated 

carbon, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, ammoniation, and chlorination.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 10,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: None.

Finished-water storage: 7,725,000 gal.
PENNSYLVANIA 103

McKEESPORT Continued

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOJ ..........................

Iron (Fe) ..............................

Manganese (Mn) .....................

Calcium (Ca) .........................

Magnesium (Mg). ...... ..............

Sodium (Na).... .......................

Potassium (K) .......................

Carbonate (COJ .....................

Bicarbonate (HCOj).. ...............

Sulfate (SO^..........................

Chloride (Cl) ........................

Fluoride (F) ..........................

Nitrate (NOa) .........................

Dissolved solids ....................

Hardness as CaCO3 : 

Total...'.............................

Noncarbonate .....................

Color...................................

pH.......................................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C, )...........

Turbidity.............................

Temperature (F. ) ...................

Date of collection ...................

Raw 

water a

OK

__

0

0

07Q

9

0

2

0

C 184

184

6

3

0

665

75

Aug. 24, 1951

Raw 

water b

__

__

0

0

oco

 10

2 Q

C 233

233

c

°, 7

7CQ

.70

Aug. 24, 1951

Finished 

water

7 °,

°,n

70

91

^ 28

6

14

97c

10

.1

1.0

460

261

240

4

9

Q

653

75

Aug. 24, 1951

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

2 

19

Max

11 

29

Min

4l9 

11

PH

Av

4.6 

9.2

Max

7.0 

9.9

Min

3.4 

8.3

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

103 

108

Max

224 

176

Min

48 

63

Turbidity

Av

55 

0

Max

1500 

0

Min

5 

0

^Monongahela and Youghiogheny Rivers at treatment plant. 

b Monongahela River at McKeesport. 

c Ver senate. 

d Acidity.
104 PENNSYLVANIA

McKEES ROCKS 

(Population, 16,241)

Ownership: Municipal Authority of the Borough of West View; also supplies Avalon, 

Bellevue, Ben Avon, Ben Avon Heights, Emsworth, and West View; Kennedy, 

Kilbuck, McCandless, Neville, Reserve, Ross, and Stowe townships, and 1,500 

people in the 28th ward of Pittsburgh. Total population supplied, about 93,300.

Source: 30 wells about 38 ft deep in the main channel of the Ohio River, near 

Neville Island, yield reported to be about 1, 500, 000 gpd; 19 wells about 35 ft 

deep in the back channel of the Ohio River near Neville Island, yield reported 

to be about 2, 800, 000 gpd; 3 gravel packed wells (1 to 3) on Neville Island, 65, 

60, and 72 ft deep, reported to yield 500,000, 400, 000, and 1, 000,000 gpd, 

respectively; 3 gravel packed wells 54 to 58 ft deep on Davis Island, yield reported to be 1,200,000, 1, 000, 000, and 700, 000 gpd, respectively; and 1 

Ranney well 60 ft deep on Neville Island, yield reported to be 2, 500,000 gpd. 

The 30 main channel wells are pumped through a common suction line by a 

centrifugal pump; the 19 back channel wells are connected to one common suction header and are pumped by centrifugal pumps; wells 1, 2, 3, and the Ranney 

well are each equipped with deep well turbine pumps; wells 4, 5, and 6 are 

pumped with submersible type well pumps.

Treatment: Prechlorination, and zeolite softening (four pressure type and four 

gravity type softeners).

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 12,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: 

Finished-water storage: 

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOa) ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) .....

Magnesium (Mg).....

Sodium (Na) ..........

Carbonate (COJ ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCOJ

Sulf ate (SO4) ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate (NOs) .........

Dissolved solids.....

Raw 

water

__

-v

V 33

0 

1 no

1 CD

OQ

q K

Finished 

water

11

no

46

10

73

0

QO

1 Rft

qo

.0

7.7

422

Hardness as CaCO3 :

Total ................

Noncarbonate. .....

Color ...................

pH.......................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

OC p \

Turbidity..............

Temperature (F.)...

Date of collection...

Raw 

water

93 J.

146

K

7.7

612

65

Aug. 30,

1951

Finished 

water

I5fia

76

!

q

7.6

569

68

Aug. 30,

1951

a Average hardness of treated water, 90 ppm.
PENNSYLVANIA 105

MEADVILLE 

(Population, 18,972)

Ownership: Municipal.

Source: 7 wells (1 to 7) 80, 78, 81, 81, 95, 79, and 60 ft deep; yield reported to

be 700, 700, 1,100, 1,100, 1,800, 2,200, andl,450gpm. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 4,500,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by Meadville Water Bureau)

Silica (SiOg) ................

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganp.se (M") ,.,,......

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) ..........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COj) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCO3 ) ......

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO,) .............. * 3'

Dissolved solids .........

Hardness as CaCOe: 

Total......................

Color ........................

pH ............................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) 

Turbidity ...................

Temperature (F. )........

Date of collection ........

Depth (feet) ...............

Diameter (inches)........

Date drilled ...............

Percent of supply........

Well 1

.1

.1

185

4

.0

.0

280

244

0

7 5

c

Oct. 27,

1952

ftfl

10

1<YOfi

Well 5

 t

.0

170

7

.0

.0

290

220

7 R

OH 97

1952

qc

1 R

__

Well 6

.1

190

IQ

.0

.0

445

320

0

7 R

0

OH 97

1952

7Q

1 R.

Well 7

.1

1QO

9

.0

.0

285

240

0

8

n

0

Or*- 97

1952

Cf\

1 A

1QJ.7

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

.1

.0

160

11

.0

.0

360

245

0

8 n

0

OH- 97

1952
106 PENNSYLVANIA

MONESSEN 

(Population, 17,896)

Ownership: Suppled by Charleroi. (See Charleroi.)

MOUNT LEBANON township 

(Population, 26,604)

Ownership: Supplied by South Pittsburgh Water Company. (See Pittsburgh.)

NANTICOKE 

(Population, 20,160)

Ownership: Scranton-Spring Brook Water Service Company. (See Scranton.)

Source: Pike's Creek, Harveys Creek, and Plymouth Relief Creek impounded.

Treatment: Chlorination.

Raw-water storage: 3,012,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (M") . ....

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (CO^) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NOj) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water

(city tap)

" 

\ 3.2

0

11

9

0

3.0

.6

Hardness as CaCO,:

Total.......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Finished 

water

(city tap)

17

6 Q

77 9

68

Sept. 12,

1QK1
PENNSYLVANIA 107

NEW CASTLE 

(Population, 48,834)

Ownership: City of New Castle Water Company; also supplies about 18,400 people 

outside the city limits. Total population supplied, 67,200.

Source: Shenango River.

Treatment: Preammoniation, prechlorination, coagulation with alum, aeration, 

sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, postammoniation, and postchlorination 

(chlorine dioxide).

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 8,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: 

Finished-water storage: 8,200,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiC^) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ...........

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Ms) .. ....

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ..... ....

Carbonate (COj) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (S04) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluor ide (F) ....

Nitrate (NOj) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

2 R

19

oc

K q

\ 7.3

0

4,0

CO

1 5

.0

6

FI

171

Hardness as CaCOgt

Total .......................

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

112

76

7.8

274

69

Sept. 3,

1951

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water ^..

Alkalinity 

as CaCO, 

(ppm)

Av

33 

32

Max

54 

52

Min

10 

14

PH

Av

7.0 

7.5

Max

8.4 

7.7

Min

6.5 

7.3

Hardness 

as CaCOs 

(ppm)

Av

86

Max

107

Min

58

Turbidity

Av

62 

0

Max

180 

1.5

Min

7 

0
108 PENNSYLVANIA

NEW KENSINGTON 

(Population, 25,146)

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also Arnold, and Lower Burrell township. Total

population supplied, about 42,000. 

Source: Allegheny River. 

Treatment: Prechlorination, coagulation with lime, alum, and sodium silicate,

activated carbon for taste control, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and

postchlorination (chlorine dioxide). 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 5,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 

Finished-water storage: 10,000,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOa) ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) ..... 

Calcium (Ca) .........

Magnesium (Mg)..... 

Sodium (Na) ..........

Potassium (K) .......

Carbonate (CQJ ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCOa) 

Sulfate (SO4) ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate (NOs). ........

Dissolved solids.....

Raw 

water

a o ""

0 

185 

29

2.1

Finished 

water

5.6 

.13

58 

18 >»

0 

16 

190 

34 

.1 

1.2 

376

Hardness as CaCO3 : 

Total ................

Noncarbonate. .....

Color .................. .

PH. ......................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at

OC p ^

Turbidity..............

Temperature (F.)... 

Date of collection...

Raw 

water

166 

166

4 

4.5

546

76 

Aug. 27, 

1951

Finished 

water

219 

206

4 

7.9

549

76 

Aug. 27, 

1951

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

F inished water . , .

Alkalinity 

as CaCOs 

(ppm)

Av

5 

18

Max

14 

22

Min

b-d 

14

pH

Av

5.5 

8.2

Max

6.8 

8. 8

Min

3.7 

8.0

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

98 

120

Max

185 

200

Min

68 

86

Turbidity

Av

40 

0

Max

600 

0

Min

3 

0

a Total acidity as H.5SO4 23 ppm. 

*> Acidity.
PENNSYLVANIA 109

NORRISTOWN 

(Population, 38,126)

Ownership: Norristown Water Company; also supplies Bridgeport, Lower Provi-

. dence, and West Norristown. Total population supplied, about 54,700. 

Source: Schuylkill River, 

Treatment: Prechlorination, coagulation with alum, lime, activated carbon,

sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, postchlorination, and adjustment of pH

with lime.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 12,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 20,000,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOa) ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) .....

Calcium (Ca) .........

Sodium (Na) ..........

Potassium (K) ....... 

Carbonate (CQJ ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCOj)

Sulfate (SO4) ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate (NOg) .........

Dissolved solids.....

Raw 

water

 _

--

 » 

.

\ 9.6

0 

24

145

7 S

3.3

Finished 

water

6.4

19

40

on

6.0

0 

24

11

.0

Q Q

276

Hardness as CaCO3 :

Noncarbonate ......

Color ...................

pH.......................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 C.).... ...........

Turbidity..............

Temperature (F.)...

Date of collection...

Raw 

water

163

143

7.4

382

7K

Aiinr 7

1QR1

Finished 

water

162

q

7.6

41Q

rjR

Aug. 7,

1Q51

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

36 

38

Max

57 

64

Min

9 

12

PH

Av

7.2 

7.8

Max

8.1 

9.3

Min

6.1 

6.3

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

140 

133

Max

165 

165

Min

116 

128

Turbidity

Av

44 

.5

Max

1500 

8

Min

10 

0
110 PENNSYLVANIA

OIL CITY 

(Population, 19,581)

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 5,000 people outside the city limits.

Total population supplied, about 24,600. 

Source: 2 dug wells (1, 2) 40 and 44 ft deep and 13 drilled wells. Nine of the

drilled wells are 50 ft deep and are pumped by suction; the remaining four

wells are deeper and are pumped with electric pumps. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 5,500,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COj) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO«) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water

5

C

.06

4V>

4.5

15

1.0

0

74

12

28

.0

.0

140

Hardness -as CaCC^:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water

at

09

7.6

94.9

62

Till 07

1Q51
PENNSYLVANIA 111

PHILADELPHIA 

(Population, 2,071,605)

Ownership: Municipal. Total population supplied, about 2,092,000.

Source: Schuylkill River about 52 percent of supply; Delaware River about 48 percent of supply.

Treatment! Schuylkill River water is treated at all of the plants except the Torresdale Plant, which treats Delaware River water. Belmont Plant: ^ of water, 

coagulation with alum (when necessary), sedimentation, slow sand filtration, 

chlorination, and addition of metaphosphates; \ of water, ozonation, coagulation with alum and lime, chlorination, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, 

postchlorination, and addition of metaphosphates. Upper and Lower Roxborough Plants: Coagulation with alum, sedimentation, slow sand filtration, 

chlorination, and addition of metaphosphates. Queen Lane Plant: i of water, 

prechlorination, coagulation with alum and lime, sedimentation, rapid sand 

filtration, slow sand filtration, postchlorination, and addition of metaphosphates; | of water, coagulation with alum and lime, activated carbon, chlorination, 

sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, postchlorination, and addition of metaphosphates. Torresdale Plant: prechlorination, coagulation with alum and 

lime, rapid sand filtration, slow sand filtration, postchlorination, and addition 

of metaphosphates.

Rated capacity of treatment plants: Belmont Plant, 70,000,000 gpd; Upper and 

Lower Roxborough Plants, 30,000,000 gpd; Queen Lane Plant, 100,000,000 

gpd; Torresdale Plant, 200,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: None.

Finished-water .storage: From each of the treatment plants: Belmont Plant, 

17,000,000 gal; Upper and Lower Roxborough Plants, 11,000,000 gal; Queen 

Lane Plant, 40,000,00 gal; Torresdale Plant, 50,000,000 gal-. The city has. 

two reservoirs: East Park and Oak Lane, 688,000,000 gal and 70,000,000 gal, 

respectively. East Park reservoir stores water from the Queen Lane Plant 

and Oak Lane stores water from Torresdale Plant. However, on occasion East 

Park reservoir may receive water from the Torresdale Plant, and Oak Lane, 

water from Queen Lane Plant.

Finished water from the treatment plants is distributed in different sections of the 

city. Water from the Belmont Plant is supplied to the area west of the 

Schuylkill River, called West Philadelphia; water from the Roxborough Plants, 

to the area above Erie Avenue and west of Broad Street extending to the 

Schuylkill River and north, and in conjunction with the Queen Lane Plant, to the 

area between Erie and Allegheny Avenues; water from the Queen Lane Plant in 

addition to that named above, to the area west of Broad Street above Market to 

the Schuylkill River; water from the Torresdale Plant, to the area east of 

Broad Street to Market Street and all of South Philadelphia between the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers.

The central part of the city is furnished high pressure fire service with water 

pumped directly from the Delaware River at the foot of Race Street.
112 PENNSYLVANIA

PHILADELPHIA- -Continued

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. 8. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO^) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ... . ..

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesiiifln (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (CO.) .........

Bicarbonate (HC<\) ...... 

Sulfate (SO«) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO^) ..............

Hardness as CaCO,: 

Total......................

Color ........................

pH ............................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. ) 

Turbidity ...................

Temperature (F. )........

Date of collection ........

Schuylkill River

at Belmont Filte

rawwatera

6.6 

.01

45 

22 > :

57 

163 

17 

.1 

5.2 

331

203 

156

5 

7.8

510

Sept. 21- 

30, 1951

raw waterb

7.7 

.06

17 

7.6

6.9

0 

21 

58 

5.1 

.1 

4.6 

130

74 

56

5 

6.9

203

Nov. 26- 

30, 1951

rs

rawwaterc

8.3 

.05

31 

14

9.0

0 

46 

95 

9.8 

.1 

6.2 

213

135 

98

4 

7.2

332 

1951

Finished water

city tap d

8.6 

.24

23 

9.2

2.7

0 

25 

64 

6.6 

.0 

5.9 

147

95 

75

5 

8.1

228

50 

Feb. 6, 

1952

city tap e

8.9 

.29

24 

8.8

3.4

0 

31 

57 

11 

.0 

4.0 

151

96 

71

5 

8.0

238

50 

Feb. 6, 

1952

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951 Belmont Plant.

Raw water.........

Finished water f .

Finished water g

Alkalinity 

as CaCQs 

fcpm)

Av

40 

32

31

Max

60 

60

56

Min

18 

5

13

PH

Av

7.2 

6.7

6.6

Max

7.8 

7.1

7.3

Min

6.5 

6.0

6.1

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

153 

153

151

Max

247 

233

226

Min

84 

94

97

Turbidity

Av

33 

0.2

.1

Max

1000 

0.5

1

Min

3 

.0

.0

a Composite of daily samples with maximum dissolved solids for the year 1951. 

b Composite of daily samples with minimum dissolved solids for the year 1951. 

c Average of analyses of 10-day composites of'daily samples for the year. 1951. 

d Represents water from the Belmont Plant. 

e Represents water from the Queen Lane Plant. 

* Rapid sand filters. 

£ Slow sand filter^.
PENNSYLVANIA 

PHILADELPHIA Continued

ANALYSES 

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. 8. Geological Survey)

113

Silica (SiO^ .....*................

Iron(Fe)...........................

Calcium (Ca) .....................

Magnesium (Mg) ................

Sodium (Na). ......................

Potassium (K) ...................

Carbonate (CO,) .................

Bicarbonate (HCO,). ............

Sulfate (SOJ ................ ......

Chloride (Cl)... ..................

Fluoride (F) .....................

Nitrate (NO,).....................

Hardness as CaCO,: 

Total ............................

Noncarbonate .................

Color...............................

pH. ..................................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C.) ...... 

Turbidity ..........................

Temperature (F.) ..............

De aware River

at Morrisville, Pa.

(rawwater)&

5.9 

.02

19 

5.9

\ 6.4

0 

54 

28 

6.6 

.2 

2.8 

119

72

27

8 

7.3

184

Oct.11-20, 

1951

[raw water) b

5.8 

.10

8.8 

2.8

1.0

0 

20 

14 

2.1 

.1 

1.9 

53

33 

17

9 

7.2

81.4

Apr. 1-10, 

1951

(raw water)c

4.7 

.06

14

4.7

4.4

0 

38 

21 

4.6 

.1 

2.8 

84

54 

23

7 

7.1

137 

1951

Finished

water d

3.1 

.10

14 

4.2

2.2

0 

12 

33 

7 

.1 

3.2 

84

52 

42

3 

7.2

145

Mar. 27, 

1952

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1951 Torresdale Plant

-

Ratr water.........

Finished water...

Alkalin 

asCaC 

(ppm)

Av

33 

22

Max

59 

44

Lty

oa

Min

11 

6

PH

Av

6.9 

6.2

Max

7.3

6.6

Min

6.5 

6.0

Hardness 

as CaCO, 

(ppm)

Av

59 

52

Max

94

88

Min

37 

32

Turbidity

Av

23

0.0

Max

330 

0.0

Min

6 

0.0

a Composite of daily samples with maximum dissolved solids for the year 1951. 

b Composite of daily samples with minimum dissolved solids for the year 1951. 

c Average of analyses of 10-day composites of daily samples for the year 1951. 

dCity tap; represents water from the Torresdale Plant.
114 PENNSYLVANIA

PITTSBURGH 

(Population, 676,806)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies Blawnox, Homestead, and parts of the townships of O'Hara and Reserve. Total population supplied, about 692,000. 

South Pittsburgh Water Co.; supplies a population of about 100,000 in Pittsburgh and in addition the boroughs of Bethel, Brentwood, Bridgeville, Carnegie, Castle Shannon, Crafton, Dormont, Dravosburg, Green Tree, Heidelberg, Ingram, Mt. Oliver, Munhall, Pleasant Hills, Rosslyn Farms, Thornburg, West Mifflin, Whitaker, and Whitehall; and the townships of Baldwin, 

Collier, Jefferson, Mt. Lebanon, Robinson, Scott, Snowden, South Fayette, 

and Upper St. Clair. Total population supplied, about 315,000. 

Wilkinsburg Penn Joint Water Authority; supplies a population of about 14,000 

in Pittsburgh. (See Wilkinsburg.) 

Municipal Authority of the Borough of West View; supplies a population of

about 1, 500 in Pittsburgh. (See McKees Rocks.) 

Source: Municipal, Allegheny River; South Pittsburgh Water Co., Monongahela

River.

Treatment: Municipal: plain sedimentation, slow sand filtration, chlorination, 

and adjustment of pH with soda ash when necessary; South Pittsburgh Water 

Company: lime at raw water intake when necessary, aeration, softening with 

lime and soda ash, recarbonation when necessary,. coagulation with alum, 

activated carbon and sodium chlorite at times for taste and odor control, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, chlorination, and adjustment of pH to about 

7.4 with lime. 

Rated capacity of treatment plants: Municipal, 140,000, 000 gpd; South Pittsburgh

Water Company, 53, 000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: Municipal, 100,000,000 gal; South Pittsburgh Water Company, none.

Finished-water storage: Municipal, 500,000,000 gal; South Pittsburgh Water 

Company: tank (West Mifflin) 7,250,000 gal; tank (Green Tree) 2,500,000gal; 

tank (Bethel) 2, 500,000 gal; reservoir (Crafton) 2, 500,000 gal; tank (Mt. 

Lebanon) 2,000,000 gal; tank (Lincoln Place) 767, 000 gal; tank (West Pittsburgh) 

735,000 gal; tank (West Homestead) 634,000 gal; tank (Rosslyn Farms) 

100,000 gal. Total, 18,986, 000 gal.
PENNSYLVANIA 

PITTSBURGH Continued

115

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOfe) ................

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganpsp (M") ,.,....,,.

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) ..........

Sodium (Na) k .. ............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (CO.) . ..

Bicarbonate (HCO3)......

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NOj) ... ... ...

Dissolved solids .........

Hardness as CaCCy 

Total......................

Color ........................

PH.. ..........................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 G. ) 

Turbidity ...................

Temperature (F. )........

Date of collection ........

Allegheny River

Raw 

water

0 

0 

199 

32

2.4

d !80 

180

5 

4.0

562

79 

Aug. 30, 

1951

Finished 

water ac

1.0 

.10 

.0 

11 

4.0

\ 5.0

0 

2.1

37 

8

.4 

80

44 

42

61951

Finished 

water DC

6.6 

.3 

1.3 

60 

18

49

0 

17 

248 

58

2.7 

507

227 

213

1951

Finished 

water

5.4 

.14

46 

1.9

58

0 

2 

190 

32 

.0 

6.3 

373

123 

121

5 

6.1

569

80 

Aug. 30, 

1951

Monongahela 

River 

Finished 

water

8.4 

.15

40 

16

94

0 

46 

298 

14 

.1 

3.6 

554

166 

128

6 

7.6

822

86 

Aug. 24, 

1951

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950 c

Raw water. ........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCQ3 

(ppm)

Av

9

7

Max

43 

36

Min

f-21 

0

PH

Av

6.5 

6.3

Max

6.8 

6.8

Min

5.3 

5.8

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

76

75

Max

208 

172

Min

30 

33

Turbidity

Av

29 

0

Max

500 

5

Min

3 

0

a Weekly composite of daily samples with minimum dissolved solids.

b Weekly composite of daily samples with maximum dissolved solids.

c Analyses by Pittsburgh Water Works laboratory.

dVersenate method.

e ln 1951, 13 composite samples were acid (Aug. 19-Nov. 11, 1951).

f Acidity.
116 PENNSYLVANIA

POTTSTOWN 

(Population, 22,589)

Ownership: Municipal; supplies also about 7,000 people outside the city limits.

Total population supplied, about 29,600. 

Source: Schuylkill River. 

Treatment: Coagulation with alum, addition of activated carbon, sedimentation,

rapid sand filtration, chlorination, and adjustment of pH with lime. 

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 6,000,000 gpd. 

Raw-water storage: 

Finished-water storage: 12,000,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO^ ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) .....

Calcium (Ca) ......... 

Magnesium (Mg).....

Sodium (Na) ..........

Potassium (K) ....... 

Carbonate (CO^ ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCO^

Sulfate (SOJ ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate (NO,) .........

Dissolved solids.....

Raw 

water a

7

0

A9

.03

34 

14

\ 9.8 

36

11C

6

0

.1

5

R

223

Finished 

water 

(city tap]

6

K

on

41 

17

/ 9

\ 2.5 

0 

48

11

K y

280

Hardness as CaCO3 :

Noncarbonate ......

_^»» pH. ......................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 C.)...............

Temperature (F.)...

Date of collection...

Raw

water a

140

113

337

55

1945-1946

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

133

K

 7 »

413

78

Tune 28,

1QCJ1

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water _.

Alkalinity 

as CaCO, 

(ppm)

Av

40 

35

Max

50 

45

Min

30 

25

PH

Av

7.1 

6.9

Max

7.2 

6.8

Min

7.0 

7.0

Hardness 

as CaCO, 

(ppm)

Av

180 

175

Max

250

Min

100

Turbidity

Av

100

Max

 

Min

 

a Aver age of analyses of 10-day composites of daily samples of Schuylkill River 

at Pottstown for the year Oct. 1, 1945 to Sept. 30, 1946.
PENNSYLVANIA 117

POTTSVILLE 

(Population, 23,640)

Ownership: Pottsville Water Company; supplies also Port Carbon, St. Clair, 

Schuylkill Haven, and E. Norwegian and North Manheim townships. Total 

population supplied, about 42,800.

Source: Eisenhuth Run impounded in Eisenhuth Reservoir near Frackville; Kaufman Run, Tar Run, and Wolf Creek impounded in reservoirs of the same name 

near St. Clair; Indian Run impounded in Indian Run Reservoir, near Pottsville. 

Auxiliary or emergency supply, Mud Run (tributary to Stoney Creek) impounded.

Treatment: Chlorination.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 20,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: 1,475,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COj) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ................

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NOS) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water 

(citv tap)

2

0

no

1.0

X > 1 1. 8 o

0

4.0

1.4

.0

19

Hardness as CaCOj:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water 

(citv tao)

5

2

5

6.1

21.4

66

Sept. 11,

1951
118 PENNSYLVANIA

READING 

(Population, 109,320)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 15,000 people outside the city limits. 

Total population supplied, about 124,300.

Source: Maiden Creek impounded in Lake Ontelaunee about 93 percent of the supply; Antietam Creek impounded in Antietam Lake about 7 percent of supply.

Treatment: The Maiden Creek Plant: coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand 

filtration, aeration, and chlorination. The Antietam Creek Plant: Slow sand 

filtration and chlorination.

Rated capacity of treatment plants: Maiden Creek Plant, 20,000,000 gpd; Antietam 

Creek Plant, 2,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: 3,980,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 38,000,000 gal (elevated).

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOg) ................

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganpsp (tyTn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Ml?) ..........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) . ...........

Carbonate (COj) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS ) ...... 

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride~(F) ...............

Nitrate (NQs) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Hardness as CaCO,: 

Total......................

Color ........................

pH ............................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 G. ) 

Turbidity ...................

Temperature (F. )........

Date of collection ........

Maiden 

Creek 

(raw water)

} * '"

0 

73 

16 

4.8

4.0

77 

17

5 

7.5

173

72 

Aug. 7, 

1951

Antietam 

Creek 

(raw water)

3.9

0 

34 

14 

2.5

1.8

34 

6

10 

7.8

99.4

67 

Aug. 7, 

1951

Maiden Cr. 

(finished 

water)

5.0 

.06

25 

6.2

1.9

0 

70 

24 

5.4

2.6 

115

88 

31

5 

8.0

204

71 

Aug. 7, 

1951

Maiden Cr. 

(finished 

water) a

4.7 

.07

20 

4.8

1.2

0 

48 

22 

3.0

7 

102

70 

30

1 

8.1

.1 

39 

January, 

1949

Maiden Cr. 

(finished 

water) a

6.9 

.04

35 

6.5

5.8

0 

93 

33 

4.6

12 

152

114 

38

1 

8.1

.1 

48 

November, 

1949

a Monthly composite of daily samples. Analyses (by Reading Water Department) showing minimum and maximum dissolved solids.
PENNSYLVANIA 119

READING- -Continued 

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1949 Maiden Creek

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

60

Max

76

Min

39

pH

Av

8.0

Max

8.2

Min

7.9

Hardness 

as CaCOs 

(ppm)

Av

87

Max

114

Min

70

Turbidity

Av

0.1

Max Min

SCRANTON 

(Population, 125,536)

Ownership: Scranton-Spring Brook Water Service Company. The company serves 

57 civil divisions extending roughly from Forest City on the north through Newport township on the south, a distance of about 70 miles, including Carbondale, 

Dunmore, Kingston, Nanticoke, Plains township, Scranton, and Wilkes-Barre. 

Total population supplied, about 600,000.

Source: Reservoirs: No. 5, No. 7, Lake Scranton, Williams Bridge, and 

Chinchilla.

Treatment: Chlorination.

Raw-water storage: 3,000,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 

The company has 76 reservoirs of a total capacity of about 19,500,000,000 gal. 

The reservoirs supply water from 35 points of distribution.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (CQj) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NOS) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water 

(citv tap)

9 7

no

7

0

1 5

y -

' 0

6

1 1\

5

n

.0

1.0

55

Hardness as CaCO,:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C.)...... ........ ........

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

oc

91

6

0

RQ R

4,c

TsIrYir 9*\

1Q*\1
120 PENNSYLVANIA

SHARON 

(Population, 26,454)

Ownership: Shenango Valley Water Company; supplies also Farrel, Wheatland, 

and Hickory township. Total population supplied, about 48,000.

Source: Shenango River.

Treatment: Prechlorination, sedimentation, coagulation with lime and alum, 

sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and postchlorination.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 8, 500,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: None.

Finished-water storage: 3,000,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOa) ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) .....

Calcium (Ca) .........

Magnesium (Mg).....

Sodium (Na) ..........

Carbonate (COJ ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCO,)

Sulfate (SOJ ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate (NOj) .........

Dissolved solids.....

Raw 

water

} 6.6

0

47

qi

3

c

5 7

Finished 

water

1 Q

OR

4.7

13

0 

fin

47

9 q

.0

145

Hardness as CaCO3 :

Noncarbonate. .....

Color...................

pH.......................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at 

25 C.)..... ..........

Turbidity..............

Temperature (F.)...

Date of collection...

Raw 

water

66

28

10

7.1

289

81

July 27,

1951

Finished 

water

84

35

7.8

247

July 27,

1951

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaC03 

(ppm)

Av

39 

43

Max

52 

60

Min

28 

32

PH

Av

7.3 

7.6

Max

7.7 

8.2

Min

6.8 

7.3

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

65 

82

Max

77 

92

Min

58 

64

Turbidity

Av

29 

.2

Max

42 

.4

Min

17 

.1
PENNSYLVANIA 121

STATE COLLEGE 

(Population, 17,22*7)

Ownership: The Pennsylvania State College.

Source: Swells (1, 2, 3, 16, 17) 365, 333, 305, 230, and 336 ft deep; yield reported to be 700, 350, 350, 350, and 600 gpm, 83 percent of supply. Streams, 

17 percent of supply.

Treatment: None. ,

Storage: 500,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO^ ..........................

Iron (Fe) ..............................

Manganese (Mn) .....................

Magnesium (Mg). ...... ..............

Sodium (Na). ..........................

Potassium (K) .......................

Carbonate (COj) .....................

Bicarbonate (HCOj). ...... ..........

Sulfate (SO4X.... ...... ................

Chloride (Cl) ........................

Fluoride (F) ..........................

Nitrate (NOa) .........................

Dissolved solids ....................

Hardness as CaCO3 : 

Total................................

Noncarbonate .....................

Color...................................

pH.......................................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. )...........

Turbidity ...... ( . ....... ...... ........

Date of collection ...................

Musser's 

Gap 

stream

> ; '

0

1.7

1.4

.1

1

7 i

OK C

fi 1

Aug. 28, 1951

Well 17 

(raw water)

1.0

0

1Q.Q

4

O

1.4

1.0

1 1 Q

5

7.7

*>o n

51

Aug. 28, 1951

Finished 

water 

Tap samplea

6.4

.06

ooCiCi

1°.

/ 5

<\ ft

6

1 ftQ

3 A

1 C

.0

o n

11°

1 no

10

4

I Q n

OfkR

51

Aug. 28, 1951

a 88 percent well water; 12 percent stream water.
122 PENNSYLVANIA

UNIONTOWN

(Population, 20,471)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies about 10,100 people outside the city limits.

Total population supplied, about 30,600. 

Source: Reservoirs,85 percent of supply; Youghiogheny River, 15 percent of suppiy.

Treatment: Impounded supply: chlorination and addition of Calgon. Youghiogheny 

River water: coagulation with alum and lime, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and chlorination. Calgon is also applied at the outlet of the distribution 

reservoir.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 1, 500,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: 181,800,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: Distribution reservoir, 6,000,000 gal; clear water basin, 

40,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COu) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS ) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NOS) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water

5

n

97

9.9 

1.7

\ 5

/ 0

m

10

2

0

.0

1.7

48

Hardness as CaCC%:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Tpmnpraturp (f ^

Finished 

water

00

17

7 Q

7n 9

AK

V~.1n * O

r eb. 13 ,

1QRO

Regular determinations at treatment plant, ,1950

Raw watera . ......

Finished water a.

Raw water b.......

Finished water b.

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

2 

5

19 

19

Max

7 

10

39 

39

Min

0 

2

7 

7

PH

Av

6.2 

7.1

7.0 

7.0

Max

6.9 

8.0

7.3 

7.3

Min

4.8 

6.7

6.8 

6.8

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

44

36 

36

Max

72

50 

50

Min

30

26 

26

Turbidity

Av

15 

0

--

Max

300 

0

"

Min

0 

0

--

a Youghiogheny River, 

"to Cool Springs Reservoir.
PENNSYLVANIA 123

UPPER DARBY township 

(Population, 84,951)

Owner ship: Philadelphia Suburban Water Company, 762 Lancaster Avenue, Bryn 

Mawr, Pa. This company supplies a number of places and townships in 

Chester, Delaware, and Montgomery counties, a suburban area of approximately 300 square miles, adjacent to the city of Philadelphia. Total population 

supplied, about 475,000.

Source: Crum Creek; Picker ing Creek, supplemented with water from Perkiomen 

Creek; Neshaminy Creek, supplemented with water from Iron Works Creek. 

Reservoirs on these creeks store about 5,000,000,000 gal of water. About 80 

percent of the supply of Upper Darby township is taken from Crum Creek, and 

about 20 percent from Pickering Creek.

Treatment: Coagulation with alum (and lime when necessary), activated carbon 

for taste and odor control, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, postchlorination, ammoniation, and adjustment of pH with hydrated lime.

Rated capacity of treatment plants: Crum Creek Plant, 20,000,000 gpd; Pickering 

Creek Plant, 16,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: Crum Creek, 3,500,000,000 gal; Pickering Creek, 

350,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 

The Philadelphia Suburban Water Company supplies Aldan, Bryn Athyn, Clifton 

Heights, Collingdale, Colwyn, Conshohocken, Darby, East Lansdowne, 

Eddystone, Folcroft, Glenolden, Jenkintown, Lansdowne, Millbourne, Morton, 

Narbeth, Norwood, Prospect Park, Rockledge, Rutledge, Sharon Hill, 

Swarthmore, West Conshohocken, Yeadon, and the following townships: 

Abington, Cheltenham, Darby, Easttown, East Whiteland, Haverford, Lower 

Merion, Lower Moreland, Marple, Newtown, Plymouth, Radnor, Ridley, 

Schuylkill, Springfield (Delaware Co.), Springfield (Montgomery Co.), 

Tinicum, Tredyffrin, Upper Darby, Upper Merion, Upper Moreland, Whitemarsh, and Willistown.

Finished water from the Neshaminy Creek plant is supplied to Abington and 

Cheltenham township; finished water from the Pickering Creek plant, to 

Haverford township on the main line; a mixture of water from Crum Creek and 

Pickering plants, to Lower Merion and Upper Darby townships. Certain parts 

of each township may receive water from either plant or various percentage 

mixtures of water from both plants.
124 PENNSYLVANIA

UPPER DARBY township Continued 

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOa) ..........................

Iron (Fe) ..............................

Manganese (Mn) .....................

Calcium (Ca) .........................

Magnesium (Mg). ....................

Sodium (Na).... .......................

Potassium (K) .......................

Carbonate (COJ .....................

Bicarbonate (HCOj)... ..............

Sulfate (S04)......... ..................

Chloride (Cl) ........................

Fluoride (F) ..........................

Nitrate (NOj) .........................

Dissolved solids ....................

Hardness as CaCO3: 

Total................................

Noncarbonate .....................

Color...................................

pH.......................................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 C. )...........

Turbidity ............... ...... ........

Temperature (F. ) ...................

Date of collection ...................

Crum Creek 

(raw water) a8

c

.07

19la

4.8

\ 4 8

[/

00

00

5

0

.1

2 A

Q7

tin

23

7.4

O oc

June 4, 1951

Pickering Creek 

(raw water) a

11

.10

1 A

5 4,

8.8

C1

on

8

r\

.1

2

n

1^1^

an

25

7.0

O OR

May 28, 1951

Finished 

water b

6.2

no

10

3

c

7.5

0

00

on

5.2

.0

1.6

76

oq

13

2

7.0

122

78

Aug. 30, 1951

Analysis by Philadelphia Suburban Water Company. 

Tap sample, Darby, Pa.
PENNSYLVANIA 125

WASHINGTON 

(Population, 26,280)

Ownership: The Citizens Water Company; also supplies East Washington, 

parts of the townships of Am well, Canton, Chartiers, North Franklin, and 

South Strabane. Total population supplied, about 39, 500.

Source: 2 impounding reservoirs on branch of Chartiers Creek.

Treatment: Aeration, softening with lime, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, 

ammoniation, and chlorination.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 5, 000, 000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: 1, 182,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 11,000,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOa) ..........

Iron (Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) .....

Calcium (Ca) ......... 

Magnesium (Mg).....

Sodium (Na) ..........

Potassium (K) ....... 

Carbonate (CO,) ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCO^

Sulfate (SOJ ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate (NO^ .........

Dissolved solids.....

Raw 

water a

~

MM

.

\ 8.3

J 0 

86

34

Q n

.6

Finished 

water

2

0

fro

17

4

0

14

0 

24

CO

11

.1

.4

124

Hardness as CaCO3 :

Total ................

Noncarbonate. .....

Color...................

pH.......................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 

25 C.),.... ..........

Turbidity..............

^PAVMTtAYt^tfl %* A / li* 1

Date of collection...

Raw 

water a

101

31

7.5

233

Aug. 23,

1951

Finished 

water

60

40

7.4

201

74

Aug. 23,

1951

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

87 

26

Max

124 

69

Min

69 

21

PH

Av

7.7 

9.6

Max

8.3 

9.8

Min

7.3

7.7

Hardness 

as CaCOs 

(ppm)

Av

127 

67

Max

170 

86

Min

98 

51

Turbidity

Av

12 

0

Max

55 

0

Min

9 

0

a Reservoir 344.
126 PENNSYLVANIA

WILKES-BARRE 

(Population, 76,826)

Ownership: Scranton-Spring Brook Water Service Company. (See Scranton.) 

Source: Laurel Run, Plymouth Relief Creek, Pine Run, Gardners Creek, Mill

Creek, Spring Brook, and Hillside. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: 2,700,000,000 gal. 

Finished-water storage: 

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) .............. 

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (CO,) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCO3) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

0 0

.0

4.0 

1.6

\ 2.3

0

10

8.5

3 0

.0

38

Hardness as CaC(V

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C. )......................

Turbidity ....................

Temperature (F. )..........

Date of collection .........

Finished " 

water 

(city tap)

17

3

7.1

53.3

68

Sept. 12,

1951
PENNSYLVANIA 127

WILKINSBURG 

(Population, 31,418)

Ownership: Municipal; also supplies Braddock (4th ward), Braddock Hills, 

Chalfant, Churchill, East Pittsburgh, Edge wood, Forest Hills, North Braddock, Pitcairn, Pittsburgh (part of 13th ward), Swissvale, Trafford, Turtle 

Creek, and Wilmerding; the townships of North Versailles (part), Patton (part), 

Perm, and Wilkins; and redistributed in the boroughs of East McKeesport, 

Rankin, and Wall. Total population supplied, about 206,000.

Source: Allegheny River.

Treatment: Coagulation with alum and lime, potassium permanganate, chlorine 

dioxide, activated carbon, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, and chlorination.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 25,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: None.

Finished-water storage: 3 open reservoirs; 1 covered reservoir; and 7 standpipes. Total, 44,730,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiOJ ..........

Iron<Fe) ..............

Manganese (Mn) ..... 

Calcium (Ca) .........

Magnesium (Mg)..... 

Sodium (Na) .......... 

Potassium (K) ....... 

Carbonate (CO,) ..... 

Bicarbonate (HCOs) 

Sulfate (SO4) ..........

Chloride (Cl) .........

Fluoride (F) ..........

Nitrate (NOj) .........

Dissolved solids.....

Raw 

water

.39

} " "

' a o

0 

250 

23

1.8

Finished 

water

7.6 

.12

78 

18

16

0 

19 

238 

28 

.1 

1.4 

463

Hardness as CaCO3 : 

Total .................

Noncar bonate ......

Color ...................

pH.......................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at

oe p \

Temperature (F.)... 

Date of collection...

Raw 

water

206 

206

6 

4.15

643

84 

Aug. 21, 

1951

Finished 

water

269 

253

3 

7.3

656

83 

Aug. 21, 

1951

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

15 

30

Max

35 

50

Min

0 

18

PH

Av

6.2

7.4

Max

6.8 

8.8

Min

4.5 

7.2

Hardness 

as CaCO3 

(ppm)

Av

98 

125

Max

150 

175

Min

60 

85

Turbidity

Av

89 

0.5

Max

1200 

3

Min

20 

0

a Total acidity as sulfuric acid (H2SO4) 42 ppm.
128 PENNSYLVANIA

WILLIAMSPORT 

(Population, 45,047)

Ownership: Williamsport Municipal Water Authority; also supplies Duboistown, 

South Williamsport, and parts of Armstrong, Loyalsock,* and Old Lycoming 

townships. Total population supplied, about 57,000.

Source: Mosquito Creek 61 percent of supply; Hagerman Run 26 percent of supply; and 8 wells (used during dry seasons) 13 percent of supply. 

Treatment: Chlorination. 

Raw-water storage: None. 

Finished-water storage: 25,200,000 gal.

ANALYSES

(Analyses, in parts per million, by South Pittsburgh Water Company)

Silica (SiOJ ......................

Iron (Fe). ..........................

Calcium (Ca) .....................

Magnesium (Mg) ................

Sodium (Na). ......................

Potassium (K) ...................

Carbonate (CO,) .................

Bicarbonate (HCO,). ...... ......

Sulfate (SO4) ......................

Chloride (Cl). ....................

Fluoride (F) .....................

Nitrate (NO,).....................

Dissolved solids ................

Hardness as CaCO3 : 

Total ............................

Color...............................

pH ...................................

Specific conductance 

(micromhos at 25 G. )...... 

Turbidity..........................

Temperature (F.) ..............

Mosquito 

Creek 

(raw water)

4 ^

2

n

10

4.0

.05

25

14

6

Q

1Q4Q

Hagerman 

Run 

(raw water)

K n

2.1

c

4.0

.05

_

20

6.8

1Q4Q

Wells 

(raw 

water)

.2

17

3.5

24

12

.10

56

100

6.2

1Q4Q

Finished 

water a 

(city tap)

2 1

.14

4.1

1.5

\ 8

/ ' 8

0

10

K 7

2.5

0

.5

24

16

8

c

6.7

36.8

42

Feb 19

1952

a Analysis by U. S. Geological Survey.
PENNSYLVANIA 129

YORK

(Population, 59,953)

Ownership: The York Water Company; also supplies Manchester, Mt. Wolf, North 

York, Spring Garden township and other communities. Total population supplied, about 88,000.

Source: East and south branches of Codorus Creek impounded.

Treatment: Coagulation with alum and lime, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, 

ammoniation, and chlorination.

Rated capacity of treatment plant: 21,000,000 gpd.

Raw-water storage: 953,000,000 gal.

Finished-water storage: 33,000,000 gal.

ANALYSIS

(Analysis, in parts per million, by U. S. Geological Survey)

Silica (SiO2) ...............

Iron (Fe) ...................

Manganese (Mn) ..........

Calcium (Ca) ..............

Magnesium (Mg) .........

Sodium (Na) ...............

Potassium (K) ............

Carbonate (COS) ..........

Bicarbonate (HCOS) .....

Sulfate (SO4) ...............

Chloride (Cl) ..............

Fluoride (F) ...............

Nitrate (NO3) ..............

Dissolved solids .........

Finished 

water 

(city tap)

A O

no

14

«j 4

\ 6.0

0

 36'

1Q

9 A

.1

ft Q

88

Hardness as CaCO,:

Total .......................

Noncarbonate ............

Color ..........................

pH ..............................

Specific conductance

(micromhos at

25 C.).......... ............

Turbidity ....................

Date of collection .........

Finished 

. water 

(city tap)

4Q

1Q

PL

7 9

139

79

Sept. 19,

1951

Regular determinations at treatment plant, 1950

Raw water.........

Finished water...

Alkalinity 

as CaCQs 

(ppm)

Av

21 

22

Max

20 

25

Min

20 

20

pH

Av

6.4 

8.0

Max

6.6 

8.5

Min

6.3

7.7

Hardness 

as CaCOs 

(ppm)

Av

60 

60

Max

--

Min

--

Turbidity

Av

40 

0

Max

2000 

0

Min

5 

0