PROPOSED May 19, 2011 

4354 - 1 Proposed Amendments to Rule 4354

RULE 4354 GLASS MELTING FURNACES (Adopted September 14, 1994; Amended April 

16, 1998; Amended February 21, 2002, Amended August 17, 2006, Amended 

October 16, 2008, Amended September 16, 2010; Amended [rule amendment date]) 

1.0 Purpose 

The purpose of this rule is to limit emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide 

(CO), volatile organic compounds (VOC), oxides of sulfur (SOx), and particulate matter 

(PM10) from glass melting furnaces. 

2.0 Applicability 

The provisions of this rule shall apply to any glass melting furnace. 

3.0 Definitions 

3.1 Air-fuel Firing: operation of a glass melting furnace where greater than 50% of the 

oxidant for the fuel comes from ambient air. 100% air-fuel fired means operation of 

a glass melting furnace where the oxidant is exclusively ambient air. 

3.2 Air Pollution Control Officer (APCO): as defined in Rule 1020 (Definitions). 

3.3 ARB: California Air Resources Board. 

3.3 3.4 Block 24-hour Average: the arithmetic average of the hourly emission rates of a 

furnace as measured over 24 one-hour periods, daily, from 12:00 AM to 11:59 PM, 

excluding periods of system calibration. 

3.4 California Air Resources Board (ARB): as defined in Rule 1020 (Definitions) 

3.5 Carbon Monoxide (CO): emissions of carbon monoxide, a colorless and odorless 

gas resulting from incomplete combustion of fuel. 

3.6 Commercial Propane: a gaseous fuel composed primarily of propane. 

3.7 Condensable PM10: PM10 that is vapor phase at stack conditions, but which 

condenses or reacts upon cooling and dilution in the ambient air to form solid or 

liquid PM immediately after discharge from the stack. 

3.8 Container Glass: any glass manufactured by pressing, blowing in molds, drawing, 

rolling, or casting which is used as a container. 

3.9 Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS): continuous emissions 

monitoring system. 
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3.10 Dry Standard Cubic Foot or Feet (Dscf): dry standard cubic feet.dry gas volume 

corrected to standard conditions. 

3.11 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): United States Environmental Protection 

Agency, or any person designated to act on its behalf. 

3.12 Fiberglass: material consisting of fine filaments of glass that are combined in yarn 

and woven or spun into fabrics, or that are used as reinforcement in other materials 

or in masses as thermal or as acoustical insulating products for the construction 

industry. 

3.13 Filterable PM10: PM10 that is directly emitted by a source as a solid or liquid at 

stack or release conditions and captured on the filter of a stack test train. 

3.14 Flat glass: any glass produced by the float, sheet, rolled, or plate glass process 

which is used in windows, windshields, tabletops, or similar products. 

3.15 Furnace Battery: two or more glass melting furnaces that exhaust to a common 

stack. 

3.16 Furnace Rebuild: a cold tank repair which is commenced after the end of a furnace 

campaign period or expected life cycle of a furnace. For the purpose of compliance 

deadline in Section 7.1, the effective date of a furnace rebuild is the date of the start 

of the furnace shutdown. 

3.17 Idling: the operation of a furnace at less than 25 percent of the permitted glass 

production capacity or fuel use capacity as stated on the Permit to Operate (PTO). 

3.18 Key System Operating Parameter: a parameter used to ensure compliance with an 

emission limit. A key system operating parameter may be any operating parameter 

that would affect the emissions performance of the particular equipment unit to 

which the emission limit applies. Examples include, but are not limited to, 

temperature, pressure drop, airflow rate, or electrostatic precipitator voltage. 

3.19 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG): LPG is a general term for the following gases: 

commercial propane, commercial butane, propane-butane (PB) mixtures, and 

special duty propane, although some people consider commercial propane separate 

from LPG. 

3.20 Multiple Furnaces: two or more glass melting furnaces at a single facility that do 

not exhaust to a common stack. 

3.21 Normal Business Hours: Monday through Friday, 8:00 am to 5:00 pm. 

3.22 Oxidant: a substance that oxidizes another substance or an oxidizing agent. 
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3.23 3.22 Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx): the sum of oxides of nitrogen in the flue gas, 

collectively expressed as nitrogen dioxide (NO2). 

3.24 3.23 Oxides of Sulfur (SOx): the sum of compounds containing sulfur and oxygen, 

such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfur trioxide (SO3). 

3.25 3.24 Oxygen-Assisted Combustion: operation of a glass melting furnace where the 

oxidant is greater than the oxygen content in ambient air or greater than 20.9 percent 

oxygen. 

3.26 3.25 Oxy-fuel Fired: operation of a glass melting furnace where greater than 50% of 

the oxidant for the fuel is provided from enriched oxygen streams. 

3.27 3.26 Parts Per Million by Volume (ppmv): the ratio of the number of gas molecules 

of a given species or group of species, to the number of millions of a total gas 

molecules. 

3.28 3.27 Parts Per Million by Weight (ppm): the ratio of the weight of the given species 

or group of species, to the weight of total mixture and the ratio multiplied by one 

million. 

3.29 3.28 Permitted Glass Production Capacity: the maximum pull rate as stated in the 

Permit to Operate (PTO). 

3.30 3.29 PM10: as defined in Rule 1020 (Definitions). 

3.31 3.30 Potential to Emit: as defined in Rule 2201 (New and Modified Stationary 

Source Review Rule). 

3.32 3.31 Primary Furnace Combustion System: the burners in a furnace that are used 

during production of glass. 

3.33 3.32 Permit-to Operate (PTO): a Permit To Operate issued by the District. 

3.34 3.33 PUC-quality Natural Gas: a gaseous fuel that meets the requirements specified in 

California Public Utilities Commission (PUC) General Order 58-A. PUC-quality 

natural gas also means that the sulfur content is no more than one-fourth (0.25) grain 

of hydrogen sulfide per one hundred (100) standard cubic feet and no more than five 

(5) grains of total sulfur per one hundred (100) standard cubic feet. 

3.35 3.34 Pull Rate: the amount of glass coming out of a glass melting furnace, expressed 

in short tons per day. 

3.36 3.35 Rolling Average: the arithmetic average of the emission rates of a furnace over a 

contiguous period, excluding periods of system calibration. 
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3.36.1 3.35.1 For rolling 30-day averages, the averaged emissions are daily 

emissions and the contiguous period is 30 days. 

3.36.2 3.35.2 For rolling 24-hour averages, the averaged emissions are hourly 

emissions and the contiguous period is 24 hours. 

3.36.3 3.35.3 For rolling three hour averages, the averaged emissions are hourly 

emissions and the contiguous period is three hours.

3.37 3.36 Shutdown: the period of time during which a glass-melting furnace is taken 

from an operational to a non-operational status by allowing it to cool down from 

its operating temperature to a cold or ambient temperature as the fuel supply is 

turned off. 

3.38 Standard Conditions: as defined in Rule 1020 (Definitions). 

3.39 3.37 Start-up: the period of time, after initial construction or a furnace rebuild, during 

which a glass melting furnace is heated to operating temperature by the primary 

furnace combustion system, and systems and instrumentation are brought to 

stabilization. 

3.40 3.38 Stationary Source: as defined in Rule 2201 (New and Modified Stationary 

Source Review Rule). 

3.41 3.39 Volatile Organic Compound (VOC): as defined in Rule 1020 (Definitions). 

4.0 Exemptions 

4.1 Except for Section 6.8, the provisions of this rule shall not apply to electric glass 

melting furnaces where all the heat is supplied by an electric current from electrodes 

submerged in the molten glass, except that heat may be supplied by other fuels for 

start-up when the furnace contains no molten glass.

4.2 Except for Section 6.8, the provisions of this rule shall not apply to any glass 

melting furnace that is part of a stationary source with a total potential to emit, for 

all processes, less than ten (10.0) tons per year of NOx and less than ten (10.0) 

tons per year of VOC. 

4.3 Except for Section 6.8, the emission limits of Sections 5.3 and 5.4 and the 

monitoring requirements of Sections 5.9.3 and 5.9.4 shall not apply to a glass 

melting furnace that meets all of the following conditions: 

4.3.1 The furnace has permitted glass production capacity less than five (5) tons 

per day; and 
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4.3.2 The actual total NOx emissions for the facility are less than eight (8) tons 

per year; and 

4.3.3 The actual total VOC emissions for the facility are less than eight (8) tons 

per year. 

4.4 The emission limits in Tables 1 through 4 shall not apply during periods of start-up, 

shutdown, or idling, provided the operator complies with the applicable 

requirements of Sections 5.5, 5.6, 5.7 and 6.7. 

5.0 Requirements 

5.1 NOx Emission Limits 

5.1.1 Except as specified in Section 4.4, the operator of any glass melting furnace 

shall not operate a furnace in such a manner that results in NOx emissions 

exceeding the limits in Table 1. The deadlines to comply with the emission 

limits are specified in Section 7.0. 

Table 1 – NOx Emission Limits in pounds NOx per ton glass produced 

Type of Glass Produced Tier 2 NOx limit Tier 3 NOx limit Tier 4 NOx limit 

Container Glass 4.0 A

 1.5 B not available 

Fiberglass 4.0 A 1.3 A, C

3.0 A, D not available 

Flat Glass 

Standard Option 

9.2 A

7.0 B

5.5 A

5.0 B

3.7 A

3.2 B

Flat Glass 

Enhanced Option 

9.2 A

7.0 B

5.5 A

5.0 B

3.4 A

2.9 B

Flat Glass 

Early Enhanced Option 

9.2 A

7.0 B not available 3.4 A2.9 B

A

 Block 24-hour average 

B

 Rolling 30-day average 

C

 Not subject to California Public Resources Code Section 19511

D

 Subject to California Public Resources Code Section 19511 

5.1.2 Instead of each furnace individually meeting the applicable Table 1 Tier 2 

NOx limit, an operator may choose to meet the Tier 2 NOx limit for 

multiple furnaces or furnace batteries by considering the multiple furnaces or 

furnace battery as a single unit. An operator choosing this option shall 

conform to the provisions of Sections 9.1 through 9.6.2 for Tier 2 NOx. 

5.1.3 Instead of each furnace individually meeting the applicable Table 1 Tier 3 

NOx limit, an operator of multiple furnaces or a furnace battery may choose 
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to meet the applicable emission limit by considering the multiple furnaces or 

furnace battery as a single unit. An operator choosing this option shall 

conform to the provisions of Sections 9.6 through 9.7.8.5 for Tier 3 NOx. 

5.1.4 A flat glass operator who commits to meet the Table 1 Tier 4 early enhanced 

option NOx limits shall comply with the limits according to the deadlines 

specified in Section 7.2.2. After January 1, 2011, an operator who commits 

to meet the early enhanced NOx limits schedule is not eligible to choose a 

different compliance option and applicable deadlines. 

5.2 CO and VOC Emission Limits 

5.2.1 Except as specified in Section 4.4, the operator of any glass melting furnace 

shall not operate a furnace in such a manner that results in CO or VOC 

emissions exceeding the limits in Table 2. 

Table 2 - CO and VOC Emission Limits – rolling three hour average 

(ppmv limits are referenced at 8% O2 and dry stack conditions) 

Type of Glass 

Produced Firing Technology CO Limit VOC Limit 

Container Glass 

or Fiberglass 

100% air fired furnace 300 ppmv 20 ppmv 

Oxygen-assisted or Oxy-fuel 

furnace 

1.0 lb/ton glass 

produced 

0.25 lb/ton glass 

produced 

Flat Glass 

100% air fired furnace 300 ppmv 20 ppmv 

Oxygen-assisted or Oxy-fuel 

furnace 

0.9 lb/ton glass 

produced 

0.10 lb/ton glass 

produced 

5.2.2 On and after January 1, 2009, instead of each furnace individually meeting 

the applicable CO or VOC or both emission limit in Table 2, an operator 

may choose to meet the CO or VOC or both emission limit for multiple 

furnaces or furnace batteries by considering the multiple furnaces or furnace 

battery as a single unit. An operator choosing this option shall conform to 

the provisions of Sections 9.6 through 9.7.8.5 for CO emissions or VOC 

emissions or both. 

5.3 SOx Emission Limits 

5.3.1 Effective through December 31, 2010, in order to limit SOx emissions, all 

glass melting furnaces subject to Table 1 emission limits shall fire on PUCquality natural gas, commercial propane, or LPG on and after March 31, 

2008. Liquid fuel may be used as backup fuel or standby fuel provided the 

liquid fuel contains no more than 15 ppm of sulfur and the furnace exhaust 

is controlled by a SOx emission control system with control system 

efficiency of 50% or greater. If a furnace meets the applicable Table 3 SOx 
 PROPOSED May 19, 2011 

4354 - 7 Proposed Amendments to Rule 4354

limit while firing on backup fuel or standby fuel, the 50% SOx emission 

control system efficiency requirement shall not apply. 

5.3.2 Effective on and after January 1, 2011, except as specified in Section 4.4 and 

Section 5.3.3, each furnace shall meet the applicable SOx emission limit 

from Table 3. 

Table 3 - SOx Emission Limits in pounds SOx per ton glass produced 

Type of Glass 

Produced Firing Technology SOx Limit 

Container Glass 

Oxy-fuel furnaces and ≥ 25.0% of 

total cullet is mixed color cullet 1.1 B

All other container glass furnaces 0.90 B 

Fiberglass All technologies 0.90 C

Flat Glass All technologies 1.7 A

1.2 B

A

 Block 24-hour average 

B

 Rolling 30-day average 

C

 Rolling 24-hour average 

5.3.3 Effective January 1, 2011 and ending on the compliance date detailed in 

Section 7.2.2, a flat glass furnace operator electing the Tier 4 early enhanced 

option shall fire on PUC-quality natural gas, commercial propane, or LPG. 

Liquid fuel may be used as backup fuel or standby fuel provided the liquid 

fuel contains no more than 15 ppm of sulfur and the furnace exhaust is 

controlled by a SOx emission control system with control system efficiency 

of 50% or greater. If a furnace meets the applicable Table 3 SOx limit while 

firing on backup fuel or standby fuel, the 50% SOx emission control system 

efficiency requirement shall not apply. On and after the compliance date in 

Section 7.2.2, a flat glass furnace operator electing the Tier 4 early enhanced 

option shall be subject to the flat glass SOx emission limit in Table 3. 

5.3.4 The amount of mixed color cullet used shall be determined as a rolling 30-

day average. 

5.3.5 Instead of each furnace individually meeting the applicable SOx limit in 

Table 3, an operator may choose to meet the SOx limit for multiple furnaces 

or furnace batteries by considering the multiple furnaces or furnace battery 

as a single unit. An operator choosing this option shall conform to the 

provisions of Sections 9.6 through 9.7.8.5 for SOx emissions. 
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5.4 PM10 Emission Limits 

5.4.1 Except as specified in Section 4.4, the operator of any glass melting furnace 

shall not operate a furnace in such a manner that results in PM10 emissions 

exceeding the applicable limits in Table 4, where total PM10 includes both 

filterable PM10 and condensable PM10. The deadlines to comply with the 

PM10 emission limits are specified in Section 7.0. 

Table 4 - PM10 Emission Limits in pounds total PM10 per ton glass produced 

Block 24-hour average 

Type of Glass Produced Firing Technology PM10 Limit 

Container Glass All technologies 0.50 

Fiberglass All technologies 0.50 

Flat Glass All technologies 0.70 

5.4.2 Instead of each furnace individually meeting the applicable PM10 limit in 

Table 4, an operator may choose to meet the PM10 limit for multiple 

furnaces or furnace batteries by considering the multiple furnaces or furnace 

battery as a single unit. An operator choosing this option shall conform to 

the provisions of Sections 9.6 through 9.7.8.5 for PM10 emissions. 

5.5 Start-up Requirements 

5.5.1 The operator shall submit a request for a start-up exemption to the APCO, 

ARB, and EPA in conjunction with or in advance of an application for 

Authority to Construct (ATC) associated with a furnace rebuild. 

5.5.2 The operator shall submit to the APCO, ARB, and EPA any information 

deemed necessary by the APCO, ARB, or EPA to determine the appropriate 

length of start-up exemption. This information shall include, but is not 

limited to: 

5.5.2.1 A detailed list of activities to be performed during start-up, and a 

reasonable explanation for the length of time needed to complete 

each activity,; and 

5.5.2.2 A description of the material process flow rates, system operating 

parameters, etc., that the operator plans to evaluate during the 

process optimization,; 

5.5.2.3 Clearly identified control technologies or strategies to be utilized,; 

5.5.2.4 Explicit description of what physical conditions prevail during 

start-up periods that prevent the controls from being effective,; and 
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5.5.2.5 Reasonably precise estimate as to when physical conditions will 

have reached a state that allows for the effective control of 

emissions. 

5.5.3 Start up exemptions shall begin upon activation of the primary combustion 

system. 

5.5.4 The approved actual length of the start-up exemption shall be determined by 

the APCO, ARB, and EPA at the time of the ATC issuance, but in any case, 

it shall not exceed the amount of time specified in Table 5. The approval for 

the startup exemption shall be in writing from each agency. 

Table 5 – Maximum Start-up Time 

Type of Furnace 

Maximum Start-up 

NOx control system that does not 

meet Section 5.5.4.2 provisions 

Maximum Start-up 

NOx control system that 

meets Section 5.5.4.2 

provisions 

Container glass 70 days 100 days 

Fiber glass 40 days 105 days 

Flat glass 104 days 208 days 

5.5.4.1 Maximum start-up time for furnaces with NOx controls that do 

not meet any of the conditions of Section 5.5.4.2 is listed in the 

center column of Table 5. 

5.5.4.2 Maximum start-up time column as shown in the rightmost 

column of Table 5 shall be the maximum startup time if the NOx 

control system meets one or more of the following conditions: 

5.5.4.2.1 Is innovative, 

5.5.4.2.2 Is not in common use, 

5.5.4.2.3 Is not readily available from a commercial supplier, 

5.5.4.2.4 Is funded as original research by a public agency. 

5.5.5 During start-up period, the stoichiometric ratio of the primary furnace 

combustion system shall not exceed 5% excess oxygen, as calculated from 

the actual fuel and oxidant stream flow measurements for combustion in the 

glass melting furnace, except during the time when the oxidant stream for an 

oxy-fuel fired furnace contains at least 50% oxygen. 

5.5.6 The emission control system shall be in operation as soon as technologically 

feasible during start-up to minimize emissions. 
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5.5.7 Notifications shall be performed and records kept in accordance with 

Section 6.7. 

5.6 Shutdown Requirements 

5.6.1 The duration of shutdown, as measured from the time the furnace operations 

drop below the idle threshold specified in Section 3.17 to when all emissions 

from the furnace cease, shall not exceed 20 days. 

5.6.2 The emission control system shall be in operation whenever technologically 

feasible during shutdown to minimize emissions. 

5.6.3 Notifications shall be performed and records kept in accordance with 

Section 6.7. 

5.7 Idling Requirements 

5.7.1 The emission control system shall be in operation whenever technologically 

feasible during idling to minimize emissions. 

5.7.2 Emissions of NOx, CO, VOC, SOx, and PM10 during idling shall not 

exceed the amount as calculated using the following equation: 

Ei, max = Ei * Capacity

Where 

Ei,max = maximum daily emission of pollutant i during idling, in 

pounds pollutant per day; 

Ei = Applicable emission limit from Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, 

or Table 4 for pollutant i, in pounds pollutant per ton glass 

produced; 

Capacity = Furnace’s permitted glass production capacity in tons glass 

produced per day. 

5.7.3 Notifications shall be performed and records kept in accordance with 

Section 6.7. 

5.8 Compliance Determination: Any source testing result, CEMS, or alternate 

emission monitoring method averaged value exceeding the applicable emission 

limits in Section 5.1, Section 5.2, Section 5.3, or Section 5.4 shall constitute a 

violation of the rule. 

5.9 Monitoring Requirements 
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5.9.1 NOx Emission Monitoring Requirements 

The operator of any glass melting furnace shall implement a NOx CEMS 

that is approved, in writing, by the APCO and EPA, and that meets the 

requirements of Sections 6.6. For a furnace battery, a single CEMS may 

be used to determine the total NOx emissions from all the furnaces 

provided the emission measurements are made at the common stack. 

5.9.2 CO and VOC Emission Monitoring Requirements 

Section 5.9.2 shall be in effect on and after January 1, 2009. 

5.9.2.1 For each furnace subject to Table 2 CO limits, the operator shall 

implement a CO CEMS that meets the requirements of Section 

6.6.1, and that is approved, in writing, by the APCO. 

5.9.2.2 For each furnace subject to Table 2 VOC limits, the operator 

shall implement a VOC CEMS that meets the requirements of 

Section 6.6.1, and that is approved, in writing, by the APCO. 

5.9.2.3 In lieu of installing and operating a CEMS for CO or CEMS for 

VOC or both, an operator may propose key system operating 

parameter(s) and frequency of monitoring and recording. 

5.9.2.3.1 The alternate monitoring shall meet the requirements 

of Section 6.6.2. 

5.9.2.3.2 The operator shall obtain approval of the APCO and 

EPA for the specific key system operating 

parameter(s), monitoring frequency, and recording 

frequency used by the operator to monitor CO/VOC 

emissions. 

5.9.2.3.3 The operator shall monitor approved key system 

operating parameter(s) at the approved monitoring 

frequency to ensure compliance with the emission 

limit(s) during periods of emission-producing 

activities. 

5.9.2.3.4 Acceptable range(s) for key system operating 

parameter(s) shall be demonstrated through source test. 

5.9.2.4 For the operator of multiple furnaces or a furnace battery 

utilizing Section 5.2.2 to comply with CO emission limits or 

VOC emission limits or both, a single parametric monitoring 

arrangement or a single CEMS may be used to determine the CO 
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emissions or VOC emissions or both from all the furnaces 

provided that the multiple furnaces/furnace battery is subject to 

the provisions of Sections 9.6 through 9.7.8.5 and:

5.9.2.4.1 For units using a CEMS - the emission measurements 

are made at the common stack. 

5.9.2.4.2 For units using a parametric monitoring arrangement – 

the key system operating parameters are representative 

of the combined exhaust stream. 

5.9.3 SOx Emission Monitoring Requirements 

Section 5.9.3 shall be in effect on and after January 1, 2011. Flat glass 

furnace operators electing the Tier 4 early enhanced option shall be subject 

to the requirements of this section by the compliance date in Section 7.2.2. 

5.9.3.1 For each furnace subject to Section 5.3, the operator shall 

implement a SOx CEMS that meets the requirements of Section 

6.6.1 and that is approved, in writing, by the APCO and EPA. 

5.9.3.2 In lieu of installing and operating a CEMS for SOx, an operator 

may propose key system operating parameter(s) and frequency of 

monitoring and recording. 

5.9.3.2.1 The alternate monitoring shall meet the requirements 

of Section 6.6.2. 

5.9.3.2.2 The operator shall obtain approval of the APCO and 

EPA for the specific key system operating 

parameter(s), monitoring frequency, and recording 

frequency used by the operator to monitor SOx 

emissions. 

5.9.3.2.3 The operator shall monitor approved key system 

operating parameter(s) at the approved monitoring 

frequency to ensure compliance with the emission 

limit(s) during periods of emission-producing 

activities. 

5.9.3.2.4 Acceptable range(s) for key system operating 

parameter(s) shall be demonstrated through source test. 

5.9.3.3 For the operator of multiple furnaces or a furnace battery 

utilizing Section 5.3.4 to comply with SOx emission limits, a 

single parametric monitoring arrangement or a single CEMS may 
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be used to determine the SOx emissions from all the furnaces 

provided that the multiple furnaces/furnace battery is subject to 

the provisions of Sections 9.6 through 9.7.8.5 and:

5.9.3.3.1 For units using a CEMS - the emission measurements 

are made at the common stack. 

5.9.3.3.2 For units using a parametric monitoring arrangement – 

the key system operating parameters are representative 

of the combined exhaust stream. 

5.9.4 PM10 Emission Monitoring Requirements 

Section 5.9.4 shall be in effect on and after January 1, 2011. Flat glass 

furnace operators electing the Tier 4 early enhanced option shall be subject 

to the requirements of this section by the compliance date in Section 7.2.2. 

5.9.4.1 The operator shall propose key system operating parameter(s) 

and frequency of monitoring and recording. 

5.9.4.1.1 The parametric monitoring shall meet the requirements 

of Section 6.6.2. 

5.9.4.1.2 The operator shall obtain approval of the APCO and 

EPA for the specific key system operating 

parameter(s), monitoring frequency, and recording 

frequency used by the operator to monitor PM10 

emissions. 

5.9.4.1.3 The operator shall monitor approved key system 

operating parameter(s) at the approved monitoring 

frequency to ensure compliance with the emission 

limit(s) during periods of emission-producing 

activities. 

5.9.4.1.4 Acceptable range(s) for key system operating 

parameter(s) shall be demonstrated through source test. 

5.9.4.2 In lieu of parametric monitoring, the operator may elect to 

implement a PM10 CEMS that meets the requirements of Section 

6.6.1, and that is approved, in writing, by the APCO and EPA. 

5.9.4.3 For the operator of multiple furnaces or a furnace battery 

utilizing Section 5.4.2 to comply with PM10 emission limits, a 

single parametric monitoring arrangement or a single CEMS may 

be used to determine the total PM10 emissions from all the 
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furnaces provided that the multiple furnaces/furnace battery is 

subject to the provisions of Sections 9.6 through 9.7.8.5 and: 

5.9.4.3.1 For units using a CEMS - the emission measurements 

are made at the common stack. 

5.9.4.3.2 For units using a parametric monitoring arrangement – 

the key system operating parameters are representative 

of the combined exhaust stream. 

5.10 Routine Maintenance of Add-On Emission Control Systems 

Section 5.10 shall be in effect on and after January 1, 2009. 

During routine maintenance of an add-on emission control system, an operator of 

a glass melting furnace subject to the provisions of Sections 5.1 through 5.4 is 

exempt from these limits if: 

5.10.1 Routine maintenance in each calendar year does not exceed 144 hours total 

for all add-on controls; and 

5.10.2 Routine maintenance is conducted in a manner consistent with good air 

pollution control practices for minimizing emissions. 

6.0 Administrative Requirements 

6.1 Permitted Glass Production Capacity 

Each glass melting furnace’s PTO shall include the furnace’s permitted glass 

production capacity in units of tons of glass pulled per day as a permit condition. 

6.2 Operations Records 

Section 6.2 shall be in effect through December 31, 2010. 

6.2.1 Operators subject to the Table 1 Tier 2 NOx emission limits shall maintain 

the records specified in Sections 6.2.1.1 through 6.2.1.3 for a period of 

five years, make them available on site during normal business hours, and 

submit them to the APCO, ARB, or EPA upon request. 

6.2.1.1 Daily records of the total hours of operation, type and quantity of 

fuel used in each furnace, and/or the quantity of glass pulled 

from each furnace whichever matches the permit condition in the 

furnace’s PTO. 
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6.2.1.2 Daily records of NOx emission rate in lb/ton of glass pulled. 

6.2.1.3 Records of source tests and operating parameters established 

during initial source test, maintenance and repair, malfunction, 

and idling, start-up and shutdown. 

6.2.2 The following requirements shall apply from January 1, 2009 through 

December 31, 2010. Operators shall maintain daily records of: 

6.2.2.1 CO emission rate in units matching Table 2 if CEMS is used for 

CO monitoring; 

6.2.2.2 VOC emission rate in units matching Table 2, if CEMS is used for 

VOC monitoring; 

6.2.2.3 For CO or VOC or both monitored using an approved parametric 

monitoring arrangement, operating values of the key system 

operating parameters. 

6.2.3 The operator shall retain the records specified in Sections 6.2.1 and 6.2.2 

for a period of five years, make them available on site during normal 

business hours to the APCO, ARB, or EPA, and submit them to the 

APCO, ARB, or EPA upon request. 

6.3 Operations Records 

Section 6.3 shall be in effect on and after January 1, 2011. 

6.3.1 Operators shall maintain daily records of the following items: 

6.3.1.1 Total hours of operation; 

6.3.1.2 The quantity of glass pulled from each furnace; 

6.3.1.3 NOx emission rate in lb/ton glass pulled; 

6.3.1.4 CO emission rate in units matching Table 2, if a CEMS is used; 

6.3.1.5 VOC emission rate in units matching Table 2, if a CEMS is used; 

6.3.1.6 SOx emission rate in lb/ton glass pulled, if a CEMS is used; 

6.3.1.7 PM10 emission rate in lb/ton glass pulled, if a CEMS is used; 

6.3.1.8 For container glass furnaces that are oxy-fuel fired: 
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6.3.1.8.1 The weight of mixed color mix cullet used; 

6.3.1.8.2 The total amount of cullet used by weight; and 

6.3.1.8.3 The ratio, expressed in percent, of mixed color mix 

weight to total cullet weight. 

6.3.2 For pollutants monitored using an approved parametric monitoring 

arrangement, operators shall record the operating values of the key system 

operating parameters at the approved recording frequency. 

6.3.3 Operators shall maintain records of the following items: 

6.3.3.1 Source tests and source test results; 

6.3.3.2 The acceptable range for each approved key system operating 

parameter, as established during source test; 

6.3.3.3 Maintenance and repair; and 

6.3.3.4 Malfunction. 

6.3.4 The operator shall retain records specified in Sections 6.3.1 through 6.3.3 

for a period of five years; make the records available on site during normal 

business hours to the APCO, ARB, or EPA; and submit the records to the 

APCO, ARB, or EPA upon request. 

6.4 Compliance Source Testing 

6.4.1 Each glass melting furnace or a furnace battery shall be source tested at 

least once every calendar year, but not more than every 18 months and not 

sooner than every 6 months to demonstrate compliance with the applicable 

requirements of Section 5.0. Sources exempt under Section 4.3 are not 

required to source test for the exempted pollutants. 

6.4.2 Source test conditions shall be representative of normal operations, but not 

less than 60 percent of the permitted glass production capacity. 

6.4.3 For operators using alternative monitoring systems, during the source test, 

the operator shall monitor and record, at a minimum, all operating data for 

each parameter, fresh feed rate, and flue gas flow rate and submit this data 

with the test report. 

6.4.4 During source testing in accordance with Section 6.4.1, the arithmetic 

average of three (3) 30-consecutive-minute test runs shall be used to 

determine compliance with NOx, CO, VOC, and SOx emission limits. 
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4354 - 17 Proposed Amendments to Rule 4354

6.4.5 During source testing in accordance with Section 6.4.1, the arithmetic 

average of three (3) 60-consecutive-minute test runs shall be used to 

determine compliance with PM10 emission limits. 

6.4.6 For a given pollutant, if two of the three runs individually demonstrate 

emissions above the applicable limit, the test cannot be used to 

demonstrate compliance for the furnace, even if the averaged emissions of 

all three test runs is less than the applicable limit. 

6.5 Test Methods 

Compliance with the requirements of Section 5.0 shall be determined in 

accordance with the following source test procedures or their equivalents as 

approved by the EPA, ARB, and the APCO: 

6.5.1 Oxides of nitrogen – EPA Method 7E, EPA Method 19, or ARB Method 

100. 

6.5.2 Carbon monoxide (ppmv) – EPA Method 10, or ARB Method 100. 

6.5.3 Volatile Organic Compound (ppmv) – EPA Method 25A expressed in 

terms of carbon or ARB Method 100. EPA Method 18 or ARB Method 

422 shall be used to determine emissions of exempt compounds. 

6.5.4 Stack gas oxygen, carbon dioxide, excess air, and dry molecular weight – 

EPA Method 3 or 3A, or ARB Method 100. 

6.5.5 Stack gas velocity and volumetric flow rate – EPA Method 2. 

6.5.6 Oxides of sulfur – EPA Method 6C, EPA Method 8, or ARB Method 100. 

6.5.7 The SOx emission control system efficiency shall be determined using the 

following: 

6.5.7.1 EPA Method 2 for measuring flow rates; and 

6.5.7.2 EPA Method 6C or EPA Method 8 for measuring total SOx 

(expressed as SO2) concentrations at the inlet and outlet of the 

control device. 

6.5.7.3 The SOx emission control system efficiency shall be calculated 

using the following equation: 

% Control Efficiency = [ (CSO2, inlet – CSO2, outlet) / CSO2, inlet ] X 100 

Where: 
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CSO2, inlet = concentration of SOx (expressed as SO2) at the inlet side 

of the SOx emission control system, in lb/dscf 

CSO2, outlet = concentration of SOx (expressed as SO2) at the outlet 

side of the SOx emission control system, in lb/dscf

6.5.8 Sulfur content of liquid fuel – American Society for Testing and Materials 

(ASTM) D 6428-99 or ASTM D 5453-99. 

6.5.9 PM10 Test Methods 

6.5.9.1 Filterable PM10 emissions - EPA Method 5; EPA Method 201; or 

EPA Method 201A. An operator choosing EPA Method 5 shall 

count all PM collected as PM10. 

6.5.9.2 Condensable PM 10 emissions - EPA Method 202 with the 

following procedures: 

6.5.9.2.1 Purge the impinger with dry nitrogen for one hour. The 

one-hour purge with dry nitrogen shall be performed as 

soon possible after the final leak check of the system. 

6.5.9.2.2 Neutralize the inorganic portion to a pH of 7.0. Use 

the procedure, "Determination of NH4 Retained in 

Sample by Titration" described in Method 202 to 

neutralize the sulfuric acid. Neutralizing the inorganic 

portion to a pH of 7.0 determines the un-neutralized 

sulfuric acid content of the sample without overcorrecting the amount of neutralized sulfate in the

inorganic portion. 

6.5.9.2.3 Evaporate the last 1 ml of the inorganic fraction by air 

drying following evaporation of the bulk of the 

impinger water in a 105 degrees C oven as described in 

the first sentence of the Method 202 section titled

"Inorganic Fraction Weight Determination.” 

6.6 Emissions Monitoring Systems 

6.6.1 An approved CEMS shall comply with all of the following requirements: 

6.6.1.1 Code of Federal Regulations Title 40 (40 CFR) Part 51; 

6.6.1.2 40 CFR Part 60.7 (Notification and Record Keeping); 
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6.6.1.3 40 CFR Part 60.13 (Monitoring Requirements); 

6.6.1.4 40 CFR Part 60 Appendix B (Performance Specifications); 

6.6.1.5 40 CFR Part 60 Appendix F (Quality Assurance Procedures); and 

6.6.1.6 Applicable sections of Rule 1080 (Stack Monitoring). 

6.6.2 An approved alternate emission monitoring method shall be capable of 

determining the furnace emissions on an hourly basis and shall comply 

with the following requirements: 

6.6.2.1 40 CFR 64 (Compliance Assurance Monitoring); and 

6.6.2.2 40 CFR 60.13 (Monitoring Requirements). 

6.7 Notifications and Records for Start-up, Shutdown, and Idling 

6.7.1 The operator of any glass melting furnace claiming an exemption under 

Section 4.4 shall notify the APCO by telephone at least 24 hours before 

initiating idling, shutdown, or start-up. The notification shall include: date 

and time of the start of the exempt operation, reason for performing the 

operation, and an estimated completion date. 

6.7.2 The operator shall notify the APCO by telephone within 24 hours after 

completion of the start-up, shutdown, or idling. 

6.7.3 The operator claiming exemption under Section 4.4 shall maintain all 

operating records/support documentation necessary to support claim of 

exemption. 

6.7.4 Records/support documentation required by Section 6.7.3 shall meet the 

following requirements: 

6.7.4.1 The records/support documentation shall be retained on-site for 

five years. 

6.7.4.2 The records/support documentation shall be made available to 

the APCO, ARB, or EPA during normal business hours.

6.7.4.3 The records/support documentation shall be submitted to the 

APCO, ARB, or EPA upon request. 

6.8 Records for Exempt Furnaces 
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4354 - 20 Proposed Amendments to Rule 4354

6.8.1 An operator claiming exemption under Section 4.1, Section 4.2, or Section 

4.3 shall maintain records/documentation necessary to support claim of 

exemption. 

6.8.2 Records/support documentation specified in Section 6.8.1 shall meet the 

following requirements: 

6.8.2.1 The records/documentation shall be retained on site for five 

years. 

6.8.2.2 The records/documentation shall be made available to the APCO, 

ARB, or EPA during normal business hours. 

6.8.2.3 The records/documentation shall be submitted to the APCO, 

ARB, or EPA upon request. 

7.0 Compliance Schedule 

7.1 Container Glass and Fiberglass Furnaces 

7.1.1 For container glass/fiberglass furnaces, the operator must submit a 

completed Authority to Construct (ATC) application, if needed, by June 1, 

2012; and be in full compliance with the Section 5.1 Table 1 Tier 3 NOx 

limits by January 1, 2014. 

7.1.2 For a container glass/fiberglass furnace that is not meeting the applicable 

SOx limit in Section 5.3 Table 3 on January 1, 2009, the operator must 

submit a completed ATC application, if needed, by June 1, 2009 and be in 

full compliance with the applicable SOx emission limit by January 1, 

2011. 

7.1.3 For a container glass/fiberglass furnace that is not meeting the applicable 

PM10 emission limit in Section 5.4 Table 4 on January 1, 2009, the 

operator must submit a completed ATC application, if needed, by June 1, 

2009; and be in full compliance with the applicable PM10 limit by January 

1, 2011. 

7.2 Flat Glass Furnaces 

7.2.1 A flat glass operator, who does not commit to the Tier 4 early enhanced 

option in Section 5.1 Table 1, shall comply with the applicable deadlines 

specified in Sections 7.2.1.1 through 7.2.1.6. 

7.2.1.1 The operator must submit a completed ATC application, if 

needed, by June 1, 2009; and be in full compliance with the 

Section 5.1 Table 1 Tier 3 NOx limits by January 1, 2011. 
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4354 - 21 Proposed Amendments to Rule 4354

7.2.1.2 By January 1, 2011, operators of flat glass furnaces shall submit, 

in writing, a letter signed by a responsible official. The letter 

shall include the following information: 

7.2.1.2.1 Name and address of the facility; 

7.2.1.2.2 A statement declaring whether the furnace will meet the 

Section 5.1 Table 1 Tier 4 standard option or the Tier 4 

enhanced option; 

7.2.1.2.3 The technology expected to be utilized to meet the 

stated Section 5.1 Table 1 Tier 4 option; and 

7.2.1.2.4 Signature of responsible official with the person’s 

printed name and title. 

7.2.1.3 Operators utilizing the Section 5.1 Table 1 Tier 4 standard option 

shall submit a completed ATC application, if needed, by June 1, 

2012; and be in full compliance with the Section 5.1 Table 1 Tier 

4 standard option NOx limits by January 1, 2014. 

7.2.1.4 Operators utilizing the Section 5.1 Table 1 Tier 4 enhanced 

option shall submit a completed ATC application, if needed, by 

June 1, 2016; and be in full compliance with the Section 5.1 

Table 1 Tier 4 enhanced option NOx limits by January 1, 2018. 

7.2.1.5 For a furnace that is not meeting the applicable SOx emission 

limit in Section 5.3 Table 3 on January 1, 2009, the operator 

must submit a completed ATC application, if needed, by June 1, 

2009 and be in full compliance with the applicable SOx emission 

limit by January 1, 2011. 

 

7.2.1.6 For a furnace that is not meeting the applicable PM10 emission 

limit in Section 5.4 Table 4 on January 1, 2009, the operator 

must submit a completed ATC application, if needed, by June 1, 

2009; and be in full compliance with the applicable PM10 limit 

by January 1, 2011. 

7.2.2 A flat glass operator, who commits to the Tier 4 early enhanced option in 

Section 5.1 Table 1, shall comply with the applicable emission limits by the 

compliance deadlines specified in Sections 7.2.2.1 through 7.2.2.3. 

7.2.2.1 By November 1, 2010, operators of flat glass furnaces shall 

submit, in writing, a letter signed by a responsible official. The 

letter shall include the following information: 

7.2.2.1.1 Name and address of the facility,; 
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7.2.2.1.2 A statement declaring the furnace will meet the Tier 

4 early enhanced option, Section 5.1 Table 1 Tier 4

NOx limit; Section 5.3 Table 3 SOx limit; and 

Section 5.4 Table 4 PM10 limit by January 1, 2014 

or by the next furnace rebuild schedule, whichever 

is earlier,; 

7.2.2.1.3 The technologies expected to be utilized to meet the 

stated Early Enhanced Option, Section 5.1 Table 1, 

Tier 4 NOx limit; Section 5.3 Table 3 SOx limit; 

and Section 5.4 Table 4 PM10 limit,; and 

7.2.2.1.4 Signature of responsible official with the person’s 

printed name and title. 

7.2.2.2 By June 1, 2012, the operator shall submit a completed ATC 

application, if needed, for any furnace modifications to comply 

with the applicable NOx, SOx and PM10 emission limits. 

7.2.2.3 Full compliance with the Section 5.1 Table 1 Tier 4 early 

enhanced option NOx limits; Section 5.3 Table 3 SOx limit; and 

Section 5.4 Table 4 PM10 limit by January 1, 2014 or by the next 

furnace rebuild, whichever is earlier. 

8.0 Calculations 

8.1 The pollutant mass emission rate in lb/hr shall be converted to lb pollutant/ton of 

glass pulled according to the following equation: 

Pull rate in tons hr

lb hr emitted lb emitted ton of glass pulled

/

/

/ =

8.2 100% air-fuel fired furnaces which have concentration limits in ppmv values shall 

be subject to the CO and VOC emission limits specified in Section 5.2. These 

limits are referenced at dry stack gas conditions and 8.0 percent by volume of 

stack oxygen. The CO and VOC emission concentrations shall be corrected to 8.0 

percent oxygen by using the equation below, or an equivalent correction method 

that is approved, in writing, by each of the following: APCO, ARB, and EPA. 

x (ppmv CO )

20.9% %( O )

12.9%

(ppmv CO ) = measured

measured 2

corrected

−

(ppmvVOC)

20.9% (%O2)

12.9%

(ppmvVOC) = measured

measured

corrected x

−
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8.3 The operator of a oxy-fuel fired furnace, oxygen-assisted combustion furnace, or a 

furnace utilizing any fuel oxidants other than 100% ambient air, shall submit to 

the APCO, ARB, and EPA for approval any methodologies and data that will be 

used to calculate emission rates for NOx, CO, and VOC if the methods are 

different than specified in Sections 8.1 or 8.2. Unless the operator received prior 

written approval from APCO, ARB, and EPA of all the calculation methods to be 

used that are different than specified in Sections 8.1 or 8.2, compliance with the 

emissions limits cannot be fully demonstrated, and it shall be deemed to be a 

violation of the rule. 

9.0 Furnace Battery or Multiple Furnaces Control 

9.1 As an alternative to complying with Section 5.1 Tier 2 NOx emission limits, the 

operator of a furnace battery or multiple furnaces shall operate the furnace battery 

or multiple furnaces pursuant to Sections 9.2 through 9.6.2. Any violation of the 

requirements below shall be considered a violation of this rule, and a violation of 

the aggregated emission limits shall constitute a violation for each furnace for the 

entire averaging time. 

9.2 Any operator who elects to comply with Section 9.0 in lieu of complying with the 

requirements of Section 5.1 Tier 2 NOx emission limits shall be subject to a 10% 

environmental air quality benefit pursuant to 40 CFR 51 Subpart U. NOx 

emissions shall be at least 10% lower than the limits specified in Section 5.1 Tier 

2. 

9.3 The daily aggregate NOx emissions, as determined in accordance with Section 

9.6, shall be no greater than those obtained by controlling each furnace to comply 

individually with the limits in Section 5.1 Tier 2.

9.4 The operator shall conduct source testing of the furnace according to the 

requirements of Section 6.4. 

9.5 Determination of Compliance 

9.5.1 The operator shall calculate and record on a daily basis the aggregated 

emissions of furnaces which are subject to Section 9.2. Such records shall 

be kept for a period of five years. The operator shall notify the APCO of 

any violation of Section 9.3 within 24 hours. The notification shall 

include: 

9.5.1.1 name and location of the facility; 

9.5.1.2 identification of furnace(s) causing the exceedances; 

9.5.1.3 the cause and the expected duration of exceedances; 
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9.5.1.4 calculation of actual NOx, CO and VOC emissions; 

9.5.1.5 corrective actions and schedules to complete the work. 

9.5.2 The operator shall demonstrate compliance with the requirements of 

Section 9.3 through CEMS data or approved alternate emission monitoring 

methods, and source test results. 

9.6 Determination of Aggregated Emissions 

9.6.1 The aggregated emissions for a given pollutant of a furnace battery are the 

emissions for the pollutant as measured at the common stack divided by 

the sum of the daily glass pulled from each furnace. 

9.6.2 The aggregated emissions of multiple furnaces for a given pollutant are the 

sum of each furnace’s daily emissions for the pollutant divided by the sum 

of the daily glass pulled from each furnace. 

9.7 Multiple Furnaces/Furnace Battery Requirements for Tier 3 NOx, CO, VOC, SOx 

and PM10 Control 

9.7.1 An operator of either furnace battery or multiple furnaces that elects to 

meet the emission limits for the furnaces through the requirements of this 

section shall be subject to a 10% air quality benefit in accordance with 40 

CFR Part 51 Subpart U. The maximum emission rate shall be at least 10% 

lower than the applicable limit specified in Section 5.1 (Tier 3 NOx), 

Section 5.2 (CO and VOC), Section 5.3 (SOx), or Section 5.4 (PM10), for 

each pollutant subject to this option. 

9.7.2 The operator of a furnace battery or multiple furnaces choosing the 

alternate emission limit shall operate the furnace battery or multiple 

furnaces according to Sections 9.7.3 through 9.7.8.5. Only those 

pollutants with emissions that are averaged across multiple 

furnaces/furnace battery are subject to all subparts of Section 9.7. 

Pollutant emissions that are not averaged across multiple furnaces/furnace 

battery are subject to the applicable emission limits of Sections 5.1 

through 5.4. 

9.7.3 The daily aggregate emissions, as determined in accordance with Section 

9.6, shall be no greater than those obtained by controlling each furnace to 

comply individually with applicable emission limits, less the 10% air 

quality benefit. 

9.7.4 The operator shall demonstrate compliance with Section 9.7.3 through 

source test results and monitoring by either CEMS or approved alternate 

emission monitoring methods. 
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9.7.5 The operator shall conduct source testing of the furnaces according to the 

requirements of Section 6.4. 

9.7.6 Records shall be kept in accordance with the applicable provisions of 

Section 6.0. 

9.7.7 Any violation of the aggregated emission limits shall constitute a violation 

of the rule for each furnace for the entire averaging period. 

9.7.8 The operator shall notify the APCO of any violation of Section 9.7.3 

within 24 hours. The notification shall include: 

9.7.8.1 Name and location of the facility; 

9.7.8.2 Identification of furnace(s) causing the violation; 

9.7.8.3 The cause and the expected duration of violation; 

9.7.8.4 Calculation of actual NOx, CO, VOC, SOx, and PM10 emissions 

during the violation; 

9.7.8.5 Corrective actions and schedules to complete the work.