II 

109TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 2197 

To improve the global competitiveness of the United States in science and 

energy technology, to strengthen basic research programs at the Department of Energy, and to provide support for mathematics and science 

education at all levels through the resources available through the Department of Energy, including at the National Laboratories. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

JANUARY 26, 2006 

Mr. DOMENICI (for himself, Mr. BINGAMAN, Mr. ALEXANDER, Ms. MIKULSKI, 

Mr. LUGAR, Mr. DODD, Mr. HATCH, Mr. OBAMA, Mr. WARNER, Mr. 

LIEBERMAN, Mr. BOND, Mrs. MURRAY, Mr. BURNS, Mr. BAYH, Mr. 

CRAIG, Ms. CANTWELL, Mrs. HUTCHISON, Mr. MENENDEZ, Mr. 

DEWINE, Mr. KOHL, Mr. THOMAS, Mr. KERRY, Mr. SMITH, Mr. NELSON

of Florida, Mr. VOINOVICH, Mr. LEAHY, Mr. ALLEN, Mr. AKAKA, Mr. 

TALENT, Mrs. CLINTON, Mr. CHAMBLISS, Ms. STABENOW, Mr. CORNYN, 

Mr. DAYTON, Mr. COLEMAN, Mr. SALAZAR, Mr. MARTINEZ, Mr. INOUYE, 

Mr. STEVENS, Mr. BIDEN, Mr. COCHRAN, Mr. HAGEL, Ms. MURKOWSKI, 

Mr. PRYOR, Ms. COLLINS, Mr. VITTER, and Ms. LANDRIEU) introduced 

the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee 

on Energy and Natural Resources 

A BILL 

To improve the global competitiveness of the United States 

in science and energy technology, to strengthen basic 

research programs at the Department of Energy, and 

to provide support for mathematics and science education 

at all levels through the resources available through the 

Department of Energy, including at the National Laboratories. 
2 

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1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Protecting America’s 

5 Competitive Edge Through Energy Act of 2006’’ or the 

6 ‘‘PACE–Energy Act’’. 

7 SEC. 2. MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, AND ENGINEERING EDU8 CATION AT THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY. 

9 (a) SCIENCE EDUCATION PROGRAMS.—Section 3164 

10 of the Department of Energy Science Education Enhance11 ment Act (42 U.S.C. 7381a) is amended— 

12 (1) by redesignating subsections (b) through (d) 

13 as subsections (c) through (e), respectively; 

14 (2) by inserting after subsection (a) the fol15 lowing: 

16 ‘‘(b) ORGANIZATION OF MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, 

17 AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION PROGRAMS.— 

18 ‘‘(1) DIRECTOR OF MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE

19 AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION.—The Secretary, 

20 acting through the Under Secretary for Science (re21 ferred to in this subsection as the ‘Under Sec22 retary’), shall appoint a Director of Mathematics, 

23 Science, and Engineering Education (referred to in 

24 this subsection as the ‘Director’) with the principal 

25 responsibility for administering mathematics, 
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1 science, and engineering education programs of the 

2 Department. 

3 ‘‘(2) QUALIFICATIONS.—The Director shall be 

4 an individual, who by reason of professional back5 ground and experience, is specially qualified to ad6 vise the Under Secretary on all matters pertaining 

7 to mathematics, science, and engineering education 

8 at the Department. 

9 ‘‘(3) DUTIES.—The Director shall— 

10 ‘‘(A) oversee all mathematics, science, and 

11 engineering education programs of the Depart12 ment; 

13 ‘‘(B) represent the Department as the 

14 principal interagency liaison for all mathe15 matics, science, and engineering education pro16 grams, unless otherwise represented by the Sec17 retary or the Under Secretary; 

18 ‘‘(C) prepare the annual budget and advise 

19 the Under Secretary on all budgetary issues for 

20 mathematics, science, and engineering edu21 cation programs of the Department; and 

22 ‘‘(D) perform other such matters related to 

23 mathematics, science, and engineering edu24 cation as are required by the Secretary or the 

25 Under Secretary. 
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1 ‘‘(4) STAFF AND OTHER RESOURCES.—The 

2 Secretary shall assign to the Director such personnel 

3 and other resources as the Secretary considers nec4 essary to permit the Director to carry out the duties 

5 of the Director. 

6 ‘‘(5) ASSESSMENT.—The Secretary shall offer 

7 to enter into a contract with the National Academy 

8 of Sciences under which the National Academy, not 

9 later than 5 years after, and not later than 10 years 

10 after, the date of enactment of this paragraph, shall 

11 assess the performance of the mathematics, science, 

12 and engineering education programs of the Depart13 ment. 

14 ‘‘(6) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 

15 There are authorized to be appropriated such sums 

16 as are necessary to carry out this subsection.’’; and 

17 (3) by striking subsection (d) (as redesignated 

18 by paragraph (1)) and inserting the following: 

19 ‘‘(d) MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, AND ENGINEERING

20 EDUCATION FUND.—The Secretary shall establish a 

21 Mathematics, Science, and Engineering Education Fund, 

22 using not less than 0.3 percent of the amount made avail23 able to the Department for research, development, dem24 onstration, and commercial application for each fiscal 

25 year, to carry out sections 3165, 3166, and 3167.’’. 
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1 (b) DEFINITION.—Section 3168 of the Department 

2 of Energy Science Education Enhancement Act (42 

3 U.S.C. 7381d) is amended by adding at the end the fol4 lowing: 

5 ‘‘(5) NATIONAL LABORATORY.—The term ‘Na6 tional Laboratory’ has the meaning given the term 

7 in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 

8 U.S.C. 15801).’’. 

9 (c) MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, AND ENGINEERING

10 EDUCATION PROGRAMS.—The Department of Energy 

11 Science Education Enhancement Act (42 U.S.C. 7381 et 

12 seq.) is amended— 

13 (1) by inserting after section 3162 the fol14 lowing: 

15 ‘‘Subpart A—Science Education Enhancement’’; 

16 (2) in section 3169, by striking ‘‘part’’ and in17 serting ‘‘subpart’’; and 

18 (3) by adding at the end the following: 

19 ‘‘Subpart B—Mathematics, Science, and Engineering 

20 Education Programs 

21 ‘‘SEC. 3170. DEFINITIONS. 

22 ‘‘In this subpart: 

23 ‘‘(1) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘Director’ means 

24 the Director of Mathematics, Science, and Engineer25 ing Education. 
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1 ‘‘(2) NATIONAL LABORATORY.—The term ‘Na2 tional Laboratory’ has the meaning given the term 

3 in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 

4 U.S.C. 15801). 

5 ‘‘CHAPTER 1—ASSISTANCE FOR SPE6 CIALTY SCHOOLS FOR MATHEMATICS 

7 AND SCIENCE 

8 ‘‘SEC. 3171. ASSISTANCE FOR SPECIALTY SCHOOLS FOR 

9 MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE. 

10 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Consistent with sections 3165 

11 and 3166, the Director shall make available necessary 

12 funds for a program using scientific and engineering staff 

13 of the National Laboratories, in which the staff— 

14 ‘‘(1) assists teaching courses at statewide spe15 cialty secondary schools that provide comprehensive 

16 mathematics and science (including engineering) 

17 education; and 

18 ‘‘(2) uses National Laboratory scientific equip19 ment in the teaching of the courses. 

20 ‘‘(b) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 2 years 

21 after the date of enactment of the Protecting America’s 

22 Competitive Edge Through Energy Act of 2006, the Di23 rector shall submit a report to the appropriate committees 

24 of Congress detailing the impact of the activities assisted 

25 with funds made available under this section. 
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1 ‘‘CHAPTER 2—EXPERIENTIAL-BASED 

2 LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES 

3 ‘‘SEC. 3175. EXPERIENTIAL-BASED LEARNING OPPORTUNI4 TIES. 

5 ‘‘(a) INTERNSHIPS AUTHORIZED.—From the 

6 amounts authorized under subsection (d), the Secretary, 

7 acting through the Director, shall establish a summer in8 ternship program for middle school and secondary school 

9 students that shall— 

10 ‘‘(1) provide the students with internships at 

11 the National Laboratories; and 

12 ‘‘(2) promote experiential, hands-on learning in 

13 mathematics or science. 

14 ‘‘(b) ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA.—The Director shall es15 tablish criteria to determine the sufficient level of aca16 demic preparedness necessary for a student to be eligible 

17 for an internship under this section. 

18 ‘‘(c) PRIORITY.— 

19 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall give pri20 ority for an internship under this section to a stu21 dent who meets the eligibility criteria described in 

22 subsection (b) and who attends a school— 

23 ‘‘(A)(i) in which not less than 40 percent 

24 of the children enrolled in the school are from 

25 low-income families; or 
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1 ‘‘(ii) that is designated with a school locale 

2 code of 7 or 8, as determined by the Secretary 

3 of Education; and 

4 ‘‘(B) for which there is— 

5 ‘‘(i) a high percentage of teachers who 

6 are not teaching in the academic subject 

7 areas or grade levels in which the teachers 

8 were trained to teach; 

9 ‘‘(ii) a high teacher turnover rate; or 

10 ‘‘(iii) a high percentage of teachers 

11 with emergency, provisional, or temporary 

12 certification or licenses. 

13 ‘‘(2) COORDINATION.—The Director shall con14 sult with the Secretary of Education in order to de15 termine whether a student meets the priority re16 quirements of this subsection. 

17 ‘‘(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

18 is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 

19 $50,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2007 through 

20 2013. 
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1 ‘‘CHAPTER 3—NATIONAL LABORATORIES 

2 CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE IN MATHE3 MATICS AND SCIENCE EDUCATION 

4 ‘‘SEC. 3181. NATIONAL LABORATORIES CENTERS OF EXCEL5 LENCE IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE EDU6 CATION. 

7 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish at 

8 each of the National Laboratories a program to support 

9 a Center of Excellence in Mathematics and Science at 1 

10 public secondary school located in the region of the Na11 tional Laboratory to provide assistance in accordance with 

12 subsection (c). 

13 ‘‘(b) GOALS.—The Secretary shall establish goals and 

14 performance assessments for each Center of Excellence 

15 authorized under subsection (a). 

16 ‘‘(c) ASSISTANCE.—Consistent with sections 3165 

17 and 3166, the Director shall make available necessary 

18 funds for a program using scientific and engineering staff 

19 of the National Laboratories, during which the staff— 

20 ‘‘(1) assists teaching courses at the Centers of 

21 Excellence in Mathematics and Science; and 

22 ‘‘(2) uses National Laboratory scientific equip23 ment in the teaching of the courses. 

24 ‘‘(d) EVALUATION.—The Secretary shall consider the 

25 results of the performance assessments required under 
10 

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1 subsection (b) in any performance review of a National 

2 Laboratories management and operations contractor. 

3 ‘‘CHAPTER 4—SUMMER INSTITUTES 

4 ‘‘SEC. 3185. SUMMER INSTITUTES. 

5 ‘‘(a) DEFINITION OF SUMMER INSTITUTE.—In this 

6 section, the term ‘summer institute’ means an institute at 

7 a National Laboratory, conducted during the summer, 

8 that— 

9 ‘‘(1) is conducted for a period of not less than 

10 2 weeks; 

11 ‘‘(2) includes, as a component, a program that 

12 provides direct interaction between students and fac13 ulty; and 

14 ‘‘(3) provides for follow-up training during the 

15 academic year. 

16 ‘‘(b) SUMMER INSTITUTE PROGRAMS AUTHOR17 IZED.—The Secretary, acting through the Director, shall 

18 establish or expand program of summer institutes at each 

19 of the National Laboratories to provide additional training 

20 to strengthen the mathematics and science teaching skills 

21 of teachers employed at public schools in kindergarten 

22 through grade 12 education, with a particular focus on 

23 teachers of kindergarten through grade 8. 
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1 ‘‘CHAPTER 5—DISTINGUISHED SCIENTIST 

2 PROGRAM 

3 ‘‘SEC. 3191. DISTINGUISHED SCIENTIST PROGRAM. 

4 ‘‘(a) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this section is to 

5 promote scientific and academic excellence at National 

6 Laboratories. 

7 ‘‘(b) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary, acting 

8 through the Director and in consultation with the Director 

9 of the Office of Science, shall establish a program to sup10 port the appointment of distinguished scientists by Na11 tional Laboratories. 

12 ‘‘(c) QUALIFICATIONS.—Successful candidates under 

13 this section shall be persons who, by reason of professional 

14 background and experience, are able to bring international 

15 recognition to the appointing National Laboratory in their 

16 field of scientific endeavor. 

17 ‘‘(d) SELECTION.—A distinguished scientist ap18 pointed under this section shall be selected through an 

19 open peer review process. 

20 ‘‘(e) APPOINTMENT.—An appointment by a National 

21 Laboratory under this section shall be at the rank of the 

22 highest grade of distinguished scientist or technical staff 

23 of the National Laboratory. 
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1 ‘‘(f) DURATION.—An appointment under this section 

2 shall be for 6 years, consisting of 2 3-year funding allot3 ments. 

4 ‘‘(g) USE OF FUNDS.—Funds made available under 

5 this section may be used for— 

6 ‘‘(1) the salary of the distinguished scientist 

7 and support staff; 

8 ‘‘(2) undergraduate, graduate, and post-doc9 toral appointments; 

10 ‘‘(3) research-related equipment; 

11 ‘‘(4) professional travel; and 

12 ‘‘(5) such other requirements as the Director 

13 determines are necessary to carry out the purpose of 

14 the program. 

15 ‘‘(h) REVIEW.— 

16 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The appointment of a dis17 tinguished scientist under this section shall be re18 viewed at the end of the first 3-year allotment for 

19 the distinguished scientist through an open peer re20 view process to determine if the appointment is 

21 meeting the purpose of this section under subsection 

22 (a). 

23 ‘‘(2) FUNDING.—Funding of the appointment 

24 of the distinguished scientist for the second 3-year 
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1 allotment shall be determined based on the review 

2 conducted under paragraph (1).’’. 

3 SEC. 3. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY EARLY-CAREER RE4 SEARCH GRANTS. 

5 (a) PURPOSE.—It is the purpose of this section to 

6 authorize research grants in the Department of Energy 

7 for early-career scientists and engineers for purposes of 

8 pursuing independent research. 

9 (b) DEFINITION OF ELIGIBLE EARLY-CAREER RE10 SEARCHER.—In this section, the term ‘‘eligible early-ca11 reer researcher’’ means an individual who— 

12 (1) completed a doctorate or other terminal de13 gree not more than 10 years before the date of en14 actment of this Act and has demonstrated promise 

15 in the field of science, technology, engineering, or 

16 mathematics; or 

17 (2) has an equivalent professional qualification 

18 in the field of science, technology, engineering, or 

19 mathematics. 

20 (c) GRANT PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.— 

21 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy, 

22 through the Director of the Office of Science of the 

23 Department of Energy, shall award not less than 65 

24 grants per year to outstanding eligible early-career 

25 researchers to support the work of such researchers 
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1 in the Department, particularly the National Lab2 oratories, or other federally-funded research and de3 velopment centers. 

4 (2) APPLICATION.—An eligible early-career re5 searcher who desires to receive a grant under this 

6 section shall submit to the Secretary of Energy an 

7 application at such time, in such manner, and ac8 companied by such information as the Secretary may 

9 require. 

10 (3) SPECIAL CONSIDERATION.—In awarding 

11 grants under this section, the Secretary of Energy 

12 shall give special consideration to eligible early-ca13 reer researchers who have followed alternative career 

14 paths such as working part-time or in non-academic 

15 settings, or who have taken a significant career 

16 break or other leave of absence. 

17 (4) DURATION AND AMOUNT.—A grant under 

18 this section shall be 5 years in duration. An eligible 

19 early career-researcher who receives a grant under 

20 this section shall receive $100,000 for each year of 

21 the grant period. 

22 (5) USE OF FUNDS.—An eligible early career23 researcher who receives a grant under this section 

24 shall use the grant funds for basic research in nat25 ural sciences, engineering, mathematics, or computer 
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1 sciences at the Department of Energy, particularly 

2 the National Laboratories, or other federally-funded 

3 research and development center. 

4 (6) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 

5 There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out 

6 this section— 

7 (A) $6,500,000 for fiscal year 2007; 

8 (B) $13,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; 

9 (C) $19,500,000 for fiscal year 2009; 

10 (D) $26,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; and 

11 (E) $32,500,000 for fiscal year 2011. 

12 SEC. 4. ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AUTHORITY-EN13 ERGY. 

14 (a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

15 (1) ARPA–E.—The term ‘‘ARPA–E’’ means 

16 the Advanced Research Projects Authority—Energy 

17 established under subsection (b). 

18 (2) FUND.—The term ‘‘Fund’’ means the Ac19 celeration Fund for Research and Development of 

20 Energy Technologies established under subsection 

21 (c). 

22 (3) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 

23 the Secretary of Energy. 

24 (4) UNDER SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Under 

25 Secretary’’ means the position of Under Secretary 
16 

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1 for Science established under section 202(b) of the 

2 Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 

3 7132(b)). 

4 (b) ARPA–E.— 

5 (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established the 

6 Advanced Research Projects Authority—Energy. 

7 (2) DIRECTOR.—ARPA–E shall be headed by a 

8 Director, who shall be appointed by the Secretary 

9 and report to the Under Secretary. 

10 (3) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The Director shall use 

11 the Fund to award competitive, merit-based grants, 

12 cooperative agreements, and contracts to public or 

13 private entities (including businesses, federally fund14 ed research and development centers, and institu15 tions of higher education) to— 

16 (A) support basic and applied energy re17 search to promote revolutionary changes in 

18 technologies that would promote the missions of 

19 the Department of Energy; 

20 (B) advance the development, testing, eval21 uation, and deployment of critical energy tech22 nologies; and 

23 (C) accelerate prototyping and develop24 ment of technologies that would address na25 tional energy priorities. 
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1 (4) TARGETED COMPETITIONS.—The Director 

2 may solicit proposals to address areas of national 

3 need in science and energy technology, as identified 

4 by the Director. 

5 (5) COORDINATION.—The Director— 

6 (A) shall ensure that the activities of 

7 ARPA–E are coordinated with activities of 

8 other appropriate research agencies; and 

9 (B) may carry out projects under this sec10 tion jointly with other agencies. 

11 (6) PERSONNEL.— 

12 (A) IN GENERAL.—In hiring personnel for 

13 ARPA–E, the Secretary shall have the hiring 

14 and management authorities described in sec15 tion 1101 of the Strom Thurmond National De16 fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999 

17 (Public Law 105–261; 5 U.S.C. 3104 note). 

18 (B) TERM.—The term of appointments for 

19 an employee under subparagraph (A) may not 

20 exceed 5 years, except that the Secretary may 

21 renew the term of appointment of the employee 

22 for an additional term of 5 years. 

23 (7) DEMONSTRATIONS.—The Director shall pe24 riodically hold energy technology demonstrations to 
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1 improve contact among technology developers, ven2 dors, and acquisition personnel. 

3 (c) FUND.— 

4 (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established in 

5 the Treasury of the United States a revolving fund, 

6 to be known as the ‘‘Acceleration Fund for Research 

7 and Development of Energy Technologies’’, con8 sisting of— 

9 (A) such amounts as are appropriated to 

10 the Fund under paragraph (5); and 

11 (B) any interest earned on investment of 

12 amounts in the Fund under paragraph (3). 

13 (2) EXPENDITURES FROM FUND.— 

14 (A) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subpara15 graph (B), on request by the Director, the Sec16 retary of the Treasury shall transfer from the 

17 Fund to the Director such amounts as the Di18 rector determines are necessary to carry out 

19 this section. 

20 (B) ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES.—An 

21 amount not exceeding 5 percent of the amounts 

22 in the Fund shall be available for each fiscal 

23 year to pay the administrative expenses nec24 essary to carry out this section. 

25 (3) INVESTMENT OF AMOUNTS.— 
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1 (A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of the 

2 Treasury shall invest such portion of the Fund 

3 as is not, in the judgment of the Secretary of 

4 the Treasury, required to meet current with5 drawals. 

6 (B) INTEREST-BEARING OBLIGATIONS.— 

7 Investments may be made only in interest-bear8 ing obligations of the United States. 

9 (C) ACQUISITION OF OBLIGATIONS.—For 

10 the purpose of investments under subparagraph 

11 (A), obligations may be acquired— 

12 (i) on original issue at the issue price; 

13 or 

14 (ii) by purchase of outstanding obliga15 tions at the market price. 

16 (D) SALE OF OBLIGATIONS.—Any obliga17 tion acquired by the Fund may be sold by the 

18 Secretary of the Treasury at the market price. 

19 (E) CREDITS TO FUND.—The interest on, 

20 and the proceeds from the sale or redemption 

21 of, any obligations held in the Fund shall be 

22 credited to, and form a part of, the Fund. 

23 (4) TRANSFERS OF AMOUNTS.— 

24 (A) IN GENERAL.—The amounts required 

25 to be transferred to the Fund under this sub-
20 

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1 section shall be transferred at least monthly 

2 from the general fund of the Treasury to the 

3 Fund on the basis of estimates made by the 

4 Secretary of the Treasury. 

5 (B) ADJUSTMENTS.—Proper adjustment 

6 shall be made in amounts subsequently trans7 ferred to the extent prior estimates were in ex8 cess of or less than the amounts required to be 

9 transferred. 

10 (5) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 

11 There are authorized to be appropriated to the 

12 Fund— 

13 (A) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; 

14 (B) $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; 

15 (C) $700,000,000 for fiscal year 2009; 

16 (D) $900,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; 

17 and 

18 (E) $1,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2011. 

19 SEC. 5. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE DE20 PARTMENT OF ENERGY FOR BASIC RE21 SEARCH. 

22 Section 971(b) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 

23 U.S.C. 16311(b)) is amended— 

24 (1) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the 

25 end; 
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1 (2) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at 

2 the end and inserting a semicolon; and 

3 (3) by adding at the end the following: 

4 ‘‘(4) $5,320,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; 

5 ‘‘(5) $5,851,000,000 for fiscal year 2011; 

6 ‘‘(6) $6,436,000,000 for fiscal year 2012; and 

7 ‘‘(7) $7,080,000,000 for fiscal year 2013.’’. 

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