II 

109TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 2198 

To ensure the United States successfully competes in the 21st century global 

economy. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

JANUARY 26, 2006 

Mr. DOMENICI (for himself, Mr. BINGAMAN, Mr. ALEXANDER, Ms. MIKULSKI, 

Mr. LUGAR, Mr. DODD, Mr. OBAMA, Mr. WARNER, Mr. LIEBERMAN, Mr. 

BOND, Mrs. MURRAY, Mr. BURNS, Mr. BAYH, Mr. CRAIG, Ms. CANTWELL, Mrs. HUTCHISON, Mr. MENENDEZ, Mr. DEWINE, Mr. KOHL, Mr. 

THOMAS, Mr. KERRY, Mr. SMITH, Mr. NELSON of Florida, Mr. 

VOINOVICH, Mr. LEAHY, Mr. ALLEN, Mr. AKAKA, Mr. TALENT, Mr. 

CHAMBLISS, Mr. CORNYN, Mr. DAYTON, Mr. COLEMAN, Mr. SALAZAR, 

Mr. MARTINEZ, Mr. INOUYE, Mr. STEVENS, Mr. BIDEN, Mr. COCHRAN, 

Mr. HAGEL, Ms. MURKOWSKI, Mr. PRYOR, Mr. ENZI, Ms. COLLINS, Mr. 

VITTER, and Ms. LANDRIEU) introduced the following bill; which was 

read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, 

and Pensions 

A BILL 

To ensure the United States successfully competes in the 

21st century global economy. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 

5 ‘‘Protecting America’s Competitive Edge Through Edu-
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•S 2198 IS

1 cation and Research Act of 2006’’ or the ‘‘PACE-Edu2 cation Act’’. 

3 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 

4 this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title. 

TITLE I—10,000 TEACHERS, 10,000,000 MINDS K–12 MATHEMATICS 

AND SCIENCE EDUCATION 

Subtitle A—Education 

Sec. 111. Definitions. 

CHAPTER 1—MATH AND SCIENCE TEACHERS

Sec. 121. Baccalaureate degrees in mathematics and science with teacher certification. 

Sec. 122. Master’s degrees in mathematics and science education for teachers. 

CHAPTER 2—NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION SCHOLARSHIPS AND

FELLOWSHIPS

SUBCHAPTER A—NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION SCHOLARSHIPS FOR

MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE TEACHERS

Sec. 131. Purpose. 

Sec. 132. Recruiting and training new mathematics and science teachers. 

SUBCHAPTER B—NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIPS FOR

MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE TEACHERS

Sec. 141. National Science Foundation fellowships for mathematics and science 

teachers. 

CHAPTER 3—ADVANCED PLACEMENT AND INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE

PROGRAMS

Sec. 151. Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate Programs. 

CHAPTER 4—NATIONAL CLEARINGHOUSE ON MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE

TEACHING MATERIALS

Sec. 161. National clearinghouse on mathematics and science teaching materials. 

CHAPTER 5—FUTURE AMERICAN-SCIENTIST SCHOLARSHIPS

Sec. 171. Future American-Scientist Scholarships. 

CHAPTER 6—GRADUATE RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS

Sec. 181. Graduate Research Fellowships in scientific areas of national need. 

Subtitle B—National Science Foundation Early-Career Research Grants 
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Sec. 191. National Science Foundation early-career research grants. 

TITLE II—SOWING THE SEEDS THROUGH SCIENCE AND 

ENGINEERING RESEARCH 

Subtitle A—Office of Science and Technology Policy Matters 

Sec. 211. Coordination of science, mathematics, and engineering education programs. 

Sec. 212. National Coordination Office for Advanced Research Instrumentation 

and Facilities. 

Sec. 213. High-risk, high-payoff research. 

Sec. 214. President’s Innovation Award. 

Subtitle B—National Aeronautics and Space Administration Matters 

Sec. 221. National Aeronautics and Space Administration early-career research 

grants. 

Sec. 222. Authorization of appropriations for the National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration for basic sciences. 

Subtitle C—Communications Matters 

Sec. 231. Sense of Senate on policies to accelerate deployment of access to 

broadband Internet. 

Subtitle D—Science Parks 

Sec. 241. Development of science parks. 

Subtitle E—Authorization of Appropriations for the National Science 

Foundation for Research and Related Activities 

Sec. 251. Authorization of appropriations for the National Science Foundation 

for research and related activities. 

TITLE III—ENSURING THE BEST AND BRIGHTEST REMAIN IN 

THE UNITED STATES 

Subtitle A—Visas for Doctorate Students in Mathematics, Engineering, 

Technology, or the Physical Sciences 

Sec. 311. Findings. 

Sec. 312. Sense of the Senate. 

Sec. 313. Visas for doctorate students in mathematics, engineering, technology, 

or the physical sciences. 

Sec. 314. Aliens not subject to numerical limitations on employment-based immigrants. 

Subtitle B—Patent Reform 

Sec. 321. Patent reform. 

TITLE IV—REFORMING DEEMED EXPORTS 

Sec. 401. Sense of Senate on exemption of certain uses of technology from 

treatment as exports. 
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TITLE V—STRENGTHENING BASIC RESEARCH AT THE 

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 

Sec. 501. Department of Defense early-career research grants. 

Sec. 502. Authorization of appropriations for the Department of Defense for 

basic research. 

1 TITLE I—10,000 TEACHERS, 

2 10,000,000 MINDS K–12 MATHE3 MATICS AND SCIENCE EDU4 CATION 

5 Subtitle A—Education 

6 SEC. 111. DEFINITIONS. 

7 Unless otherwise specified in this subtitle, the terms 

8 used in this subtitle have the meanings given the terms 

9 in section 9101 of the Elementary and Secondary Edu10 cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801). 

11 CHAPTER 1—MATH AND SCIENCE 

12 TEACHERS 

13 SEC. 121. BACCALAUREATE DEGREES IN MATHEMATICS 

14 AND SCIENCE WITH TEACHER CERTIFI15 CATION. 

16 (a) GRANTS AUTHORIZED.—From the amounts au17 thorized under subsection (g), the Secretary shall award 

18 grants to eligible recipients to enable the eligible recipients 

19 to provide integrated courses of study in mathematics, 

20 science, or engineering and teacher education, that lead 

21 to a baccalaureate degree in mathematics, science, or engi22 neering with concurrent teacher certification. 
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1 (b) DEFINITION OF ELIGIBLE RECIPIENT.—In this 

2 section, the term ‘‘eligible recipient’’ means any depart3 ment of mathematics, science, or engineering of an institu4 tion of higher education. 

5 (c) AWARD AND DURATION.— 

6 (1) AWARD.—The Secretary shall award a 

7 grant under this section to each eligible recipient 

8 that collaborates with a teacher preparation program 

9 at an institution of higher education to develop un10 dergraduate degrees in mathematics, science, or en11 gineering with pedagogy education and teacher cer12 tification. 

13 (2) DURATION.—The Secretary shall award a 

14 grant under this section to each eligible recipient in 

15 an amount that is not more than $1,000,000 per 

16 year for a period of 5 years. 

17 (d) MATCHING REQUIREMENT.—Each eligible recipi18 ent receiving a grant under this section shall provide, from 

19 non-Federal sources (provided in cash or in kind), to carry 

20 out the activities supported by the grant, an amount that 

21 is not less than 25 percent of the amount of the grant 

22 for the first year of the grant, not less than 35 percent 

23 of the amount of the grant for the second year of the 

24 grant, and not less than 50 percent of the amount of the 

25 grant for each succeeding fiscal year of the grant. 
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1 (e) APPLICATION.— 

2 (1) IN GENERAL.—Each eligible recipient desir3 ing a grant under this section shall submit an appli4 cation to the Secretary at such time, in such man5 ner, and accompanied by such information as the 

6 Secretary may require. 

7 (2) CONTENTS.—Each application submitted 

8 pursuant to paragraph (1) shall include— 

9 (A) a description of how the eligible recipi10 ent will use grant funds to develop and admin11 ister undergraduate degrees in mathematics, 

12 science, or engineering with pedagogy education 

13 and teacher certification, including a descrip14 tion of proposed high-quality research and lab15 oratory experiences that will be available to stu16 dents; 

17 (B) a description of how the mathematics, 

18 science, or engineering departments will coordi19 nate with a teacher preparation program to 

20 carry out the activities authorized under this 

21 section; 

22 (C) a resource assessment that describes 

23 the resources available to the eligible recipient, 

24 the intended use of the grant funds, and the 

25 commitment of the resources of the eligible re-
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1 cipient to the activities assisted under this sec2 tion, including financial support, faculty partici3 pation, time commitments, and continuation of 

4 the activities assisted under the grant when the 

5 grant period ends; 

6 (D) an evaluation plan, including measur7 able objectives and benchmarks for— 

8 (i) improving student retention; 

9 (ii) increasing the percentage of high10 ly qualified mathematics and science teach11 ers; and 

12 (iii) improving kindergarten through 

13 grade 12 student academic performance in 

14 mathematics and science; 

15 (E) a description of the activities the eligi16 ble recipient will conduct to ensure graduates of 

17 the program keep informed of the latest devel18 opments in the respective fields; 

19 (F) a description of how the eligible recipi20 ent will work with local educational agencies in 

21 the area in which the eligible recipient is lo22 cated and, to the extent practicable, with local 

23 educational agencies where graduates of the 

24 program authorized under this section are em-
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1 ployed, to ensure that the activities required 

2 under subsection (f)(3) are carried out; and 

3 (G) a description of efforts to encourage 

4 applications to the program from underrep5 resented groups, including women and minority 

6 groups. 

7 (f) AUTHORIZED ACTIVITIES.—An eligible recipient 

8 shall use the funds received under this section— 

9 (1) to develop and administer teacher education 

10 and certification programs with in-depth content 

11 education and subject-specific education in peda12 gogy, leading to baccalaureate degrees in mathe13 matics, science, or engineering with concurrent 

14 teacher certification; 

15 (2) to offer high-quality research experiences 

16 and training in the use of educational technology; 

17 and 

18 (3) to work with local educational agencies in 

19 the area in which the eligible recipient is located 

20 and, to the extent practicable, with local educational 

21 agencies where graduates of the program authorized 

22 under this section are employed, to support the new 

23 teachers during the initial years of teaching, which 

24 may include— 

25 (A) promoting effective teaching skills; 
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1 (B) development of skills in educational 

2 interventions based on scientifically-based re3 search; 

4 (C) providing opportunities for high-quality 

5 teacher mentoring; 

6 (D) providing opportunities for regular 

7 professional development; 

8 (E) interdisciplinary collaboration among 

9 exemplary teachers, faculty, researchers, and 

10 other staff who prepare new teachers; and 

11 (F) allowing time for joint lesson planning 

12 and other constructive collaborative activities. 

13 (g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

14 are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this sec15 tion— 

16 (1) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; 

17 (2) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; 

18 (3) $190,000,000 for fiscal year 2009; 

19 (4) $290,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; 

20 (5) $390,000,000 for fiscal year 2011; 

21 (6) $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2012; and 

22 (7) $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2013. 
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1 SEC. 122. MASTER’S DEGREES IN MATHEMATICS AND 

2 SCIENCE EDUCATION FOR TEACHERS. 

3 (a) PURPOSES.—The purpose of this section is pro4 vide competitive institutional grants for eligible recipients 

5 to develop part-time, 3-year master’s degree programs in 

6 mathematics and science education for teachers in order 

7 to enhance the content knowledge and pedagogical skills 

8 of teachers. 

9 (b) DEFINITION OF ELIGIBLE RECIPIENT.—In this 

10 section, the term ‘‘eligible recipient’’ means a mathe11 matics, science, or engineering department of an institu12 tion of higher education. 

13 (c) GRANTS AUTHORIZED.— 

14 (1) GRANTS TO ELIGIBLE RECIPIENTS.—From 

15 the amounts authorized under subsection (i), the 

16 Secretary is authorized to award grants of not more 

17 than $1,000,000, on a competitive basis, to eligible 

18 recipients to enable the eligible recipients to carry 

19 out the authorized activities described in subsection 

20 (f). 

21 (2) QUALIFICATION.—In order to qualify for a 

22 grant under this section, an eligible recipient shall 

23 collaborate with a teacher preparation program of an 

24 institution of higher education. 
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1 (d) APPLICATION.—To be eligible to receive a grant 

2 under this section, an eligible recipient shall submit an ap3 plication to the Secretary that— 

4 (1) meets the requirements of this section; 

5 (2) includes a description of how the eligible re6 cipient intends to use the grant funds provided 

7 under this section; 

8 (3) contains such information and assurances 

9 as the Secretary may require; 

10 (4) describes how the eligible recipient will pre11 pare teachers to become more effective mathematics 

12 or science teachers; 

13 (5) describes how the eligible recipient will co14 ordinate with a teacher preparation program, and 

15 how the activities of the eligible recipient will be con16 sistent with State, local, and other education reform 

17 activities that promote student achievement; 

18 (6) describes the resources available to the eligi19 ble recipient, the intended use of the grant funds, 

20 and the commitment of resources of the eligible re21 cipient to the activities assisted under this section, 

22 including financial support, faculty participation, 

23 time commitments, and continuation of the activities 

24 when the grant period ends; 
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1 (7) provides an evaluation plan pursuant to 

2 subsection (g); 

3 (8) describes how the eligible recipient will align 

4 the proposed master’s degree program with chal5 lenging student academic achievement standards, 

6 and challenging academic content standards, estab7 lished by the State in which the eligible recipient is 

8 located; 

9 (9) describes the activities the eligible recipient 

10 will undertake to ensure that local educational agen11 cies in the geographic areas served by the eligible re12 cipient are provided information about the activities 

13 carried out with grant funds under this section; and 

14 (10) describes how the eligible recipient will en15 courage applications to the program from underrep16 resented groups, including women and minority 

17 groups. 

18 (e) PRIORITY.—The Secretary may give priority con19 sideration to applications that demonstrate that the eligi20 ble recipient shall— 

21 (1) consult with local educational agencies in 

22 developing and administering master’s degree pro23 grams; 
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1 (2) use online technology to allow for flexibility 

2 in the pace at which candidates complete the mas3 ter’s degree programs; and 

4 (3) develop innovative efforts aimed at reducing 

5 the shortage of master’s degree level mathematics or 

6 science teachers in low-income urban or rural areas. 

7 (f) AUTHORIZED ACTIVITIES.—An eligible recipient 

8 shall use the grant funds received under this section to 

9 develop part-time, 3-year master’s degree programs in 

10 mathematics and science education for teachers, con11 ducted over 3 full-time summer sessions, and alternate 

12 weekends during the academic year, as appropriate, which 

13 shall include— 

14 (1) developing courses that— 

15 (A) are based on rigorous mathematics and 

16 science content and aligned with challenging 

17 State academic content standards; 

18 (B) promote effective teaching skills; and 

19 (C) promote understanding of effective in20 structional strategies for students with special 

21 needs, including students with disabilities, stu22 dents who are limited English proficient, and 

23 students who are gifted and talented; 

24 (2) hiring and training professional staff to ad25 minister the program; 
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1 (3) purchasing equipment for computer and 

2 teaching aids; 

3 (4) providing educational instruction for not 

4 fewer than 20 teachers per year; 

5 (5) providing stipends to help support the par6 ticipants in the form of tuition reimbursement and 

7 travel expenses; and 

8 (6) creating opportunities for clinical experience 

9 and training for teachers through participation with 

10 professionals in business, research, and work envi11 ronments relating to mathematics, science, or engi12 neering, including opportunities for using laboratory 

13 equipment. 

14 (g) ANNUAL EVALUATION.—Each eligible recipient 

15 shall establish and include in the application submitted 

16 pursuant to section (d) an evaluation plan that includes 

17 strong performance objectives. The plan shall include ob18 jectives and measures for increasing— 

19 (1) the percentage of master’s degree level 

20 mathematics or science teachers hired by the State 

21 in which the eligible recipient is located; 

22 (2) teacher retention; 

23 (3) the percentage of master’s degree level 

24 mathematics or science teachers serving in high-need 

25 schools; 
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1 (4) the percentage of master’s degree level 

2 mathematics or science teachers among underrep3 resented groups; and 

4 (5) the competencies of program graduates in 

5 their respective fields of mathematics or science. 

6 (h) GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS.—An individual who 

7 has received a master’s degree in mathematics or science 

8 education under a program developed pursuant to this sec9 tion and who meets the requirements of section 141(b)(2) 

10 shall be eligible for a fellowship authorized under such sec11 tion 141(b)(2). 

12 (i) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

13 are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this sec14 tion— 

15 (1) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; 

16 (2) $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; 

17 (3) $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2009; 

18 (4) $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; 

19 (5) $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2011; 

20 (6) $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2012; and 

21 (7) $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2013. 
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1 CHAPTER 2—NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUN2 DATION SCHOLARSHIPS AND FELLOW3 SHIPS 

4 Subchapter A—National Science Foundation 

5 Scholarships for Mathematics and 

6 Science Teachers 

7 SEC. 131. PURPOSE. 

8 The purpose of this subchapter is to annually recruit 

9 and train 10,000 new mathematics and science teachers 

10 by providing scholarships for undergraduate courses of 

11 study leading to baccalaureate degrees in mathematics, 

12 science, or engineering, with concurrent teacher certifi13 cation. 

14 SEC. 132. RECRUITING AND TRAINING NEW MATHEMATICS 

15 AND SCIENCE TEACHERS. 

16 (a) GRANTS AUTHORIZED.—From the amounts au17 thorized under subsection (g), the Director of the National 

18 Science Foundation (referred to in this section as the ‘‘Di19 rector’’) shall award merit-based undergraduate scholar20 ships to eligible students to assist the eligible students in 

21 paying their college education expenses, which shall in22 clude tuition, fees, books, supplies, and equipment re23 quired for courses of instruction. 
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1 (b) DEFINITION OF ELIGIBLE STUDENT.—In this 

2 section, the term ‘‘eligible student’’ means a student 

3 who— 

4 (1) attends an institution of higher education; 

5 (2) is majoring in mathematics, science, or en6 gineering; 

7 (3) is pursuing concurrent certification in 

8 teaching; and 

9 (4) demonstrates continued academic achieve10 ment and progress, as determined by the Director, 

11 toward completion of a baccalaureate degree in 

12 mathematics, science, or engineering with concurrent 

13 certification in teaching. 

14 (c) AWARDS.—The Director shall award a scholar15 ship under this section to an eligible student in an amount 

16 that is not greater than $20,000 per academic year for 

17 not more than 4 years of undergraduate study. The 

18 amount awarded for each academic year shall not exceed 

19 the student’s cost of attendance for the academic year. 

20 (d) SERVICE REQUIREMENTS.— 

21 (1) SERVICE REQUIREMENT.—An individual 

22 who is awarded a scholarship under this section shall 

23 enter into an agreement with the Director under 

24 which the individual agrees to be employed for not 

25 less than 5 academic years as a full-time mathe-
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1 matics, science, or elementary school teacher in a 

2 public elementary school or secondary school, or 4 

3 academic years as a full-time mathematics, science, 

4 or elementary school teacher in a public elementary 

5 school or secondary school— 

6 (A)(i) in which not less than 40 percent of 

7 the children enrolled in the school are from low8 income families; or 

9 (ii) designated with a school locale code of 

10 7 or 8, or otherwise designated as a rural 

11 school, as determined by the Secretary; and 

12 (B)(i) in which there is a higher percent13 age of teachers not teaching in the academic 

14 subject areas or grade levels in which the teach15 ers were trained to teach; or 

16 (ii) in which there is a high teacher turn17 over rate or a high percentage of teachers with 

18 emergency, provisional, or temporary certifi19 cation or licenses. 

20 (2) COORDINATION WITH THE SECRETARY OF

21 EDUCATION.—The Director shall coordinate with the 

22 Secretary to determine whether an individual who 

23 receives a scholarship award under this section is 

24 employed as a full-time mathematics, science, or ele-
19 

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1 mentary school teacher in accordance with para2 graphs (1), (3), and (4). 

3 (3) FAILURE TO COMPLY.—If an individual who 

4 receives a scholarship award under this section fails 

5 to comply with the agreement entered into pursuant 

6 to paragraph (1), the Director shall take 1 or more 

7 of the following actions: 

8 (A) Require the individual to repay all or 

9 the applicable portion of the total scholarship 

10 amount awarded to the individual under this 

11 section. 

12 (B) Impose a fine or penalty in an amount 

13 to be determined by the Director. 

14 (4) REGULATIONS.—The Director shall promul15 gate regulations setting forth the terms of repay16 ment and the criteria to be considered in granting 

17 a waiver for the service requirements. Such criteria 

18 shall include whether compliance with the service re19 quirements is inequitable and represents undue 

20 hardship. 

21 (e) COORDINATION WITH THE SECRETARY OF DE22 FENSE.—The Director shall coordinate with the Secretary 

23 of Defense to ensure members of the Armed Forces are 

24 aware of the educational opportunity under this section, 
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1 particularly members of the Armed Forces who have train2 ing in engineering. 

3 (f) FELLOWSHIPS.—An individual shall be eligible for 

4 a fellowship under section 141(b)(1) if the individual— 

5 (1) has received a baccalaureate degree in 

6 mathematics, science, or engineering, and concurrent 

7 certification in teaching; 

8 (2) has received a scholarship award under this 

9 section; and 

10 (3) meets the requirements of section 

11 141(b)(1). 

12 (g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

13 are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this sec14 tion— 

15 (1) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; 

16 (2) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; 

17 (3) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2009; 

18 (4) $170,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; 

19 (5) $170,000,000 for fiscal year 2011; 

20 (6) $170,000,000 for fiscal year 2012; and 

21 (7) $170,000,000 for fiscal year 2013. 
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1 Subchapter B—National Science Foundation 

2 Fellowships for Mathematics and Science 

3 Teachers 

4 SEC. 141. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIPS 

5 FOR MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE TEACHERS. 

6 (a) FELLOWSHIP AUTHORIZED.—The Director of the 

7 National Science Foundation (referred to in this section 

8 as the ‘‘Director’’) is authorized to award fellowships to 

9 individuals, as described in subsection (b), a portion of 

10 which shall be used for continuing education and profes11 sional development activities. 

12 (b) FELLOWSHIP AWARDS.—The Director shall 

13 award the following fellowships: 

14 (1) The Director shall award $10,000 annually 

15 for 4 academic years to an individual who meets the 

16 following criteria: 

17 (A) The individual has received a bacca18 laureate degree in mathematics, science, or en19 gineering, and concurrent certification in teach20 ing. 

21 (B) The individual received a scholarship 

22 award under section 132. 

23 (C) The individual is employed as a full24 time mathematics, science, or elementary school 
22 

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1 teacher in a public elementary school or sec2 ondary school— 

3 (i)(I) in which not less than 40 per4 cent of the children enrolled in the school 

5 are from low-income families; or 

6 (II) designated with a school locale 

7 code of 7 or 8, or otherwise designated as 

8 a rural school, as determined by the Sec9 retary; and 

10 (ii)(I) in which there is a high per11 centage of teachers not teaching in the 

12 academic subject areas or grade levels in 

13 which the teachers were trained to teach; 

14 or 

15 (II) in which there is a high teacher 

16 turnover rate or a high percentage of 

17 teachers with emergency, provisional, or 

18 temporary certification or licenses. 

19 (2) The Director shall award $10,000 annually 

20 for 5 academic years to an individual who has re21 ceived a master’s degree in mathematics or science 

22 education under a program developed pursuant to 

23 section 122 and who undertakes increased respon24 sibilities, such as teacher mentoring and other lead25 ership activities. 
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1 (c) APPLICATION.—An individual desiring a fellow2 ship under this section shall submit an application to the 

3 Director at such time, in such manner, and accompanied 

4 by such information as the Director may require. Each 

5 application shall include assurances that the individual 

6 meets the requirements of the fellowship for which the in7 dividual is applying. 

8 (d) COORDINATION.—The Director shall coordinate 

9 with the Secretary to determine whether an individual who 

10 receives a fellowship under this section meets the require11 ments of this section. 

12 (e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

13 are authorized to be appropriated— 

14 (1) to carry out subsection (b)(1)— 

15 (A) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; 

16 (B) $15,000,000 for fiscal year 2009; 

17 (C) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; 

18 (D) $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2011; 

19 (E) $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2012; and 

20 (F) $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2013; and 

21 (2) to carry out subsection (b)(2)— 

22 (A) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; 

23 (B) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2011; 

24 (C) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2012; and 

25 (D) $400,000,000 for fiscal year 2013. 
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1 CHAPTER 3—ADVANCED PLACEMENT AND 

2 INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE 

3 PROGRAMS 

4 SEC. 151. ADVANCED PLACEMENT AND INTERNATIONAL 

5 BACCALAUREATE PROGRAMS. 

6 (a) PURPOSE.—The purposes of this section are— 

7 (1) to educate an additional 70,000 Advanced 

8 Placement (AP) or International Baccalaureate (IB) 

9 and 80,000 pre-AP or pre-IB teachers of mathe10 matics and science over the 5 year period beginning 

11 with 2007; and 

12 (2) to triple to 1,500,000 the number of stu13 dents who take AP and IB mathematics and science 

14 examinations. 

15 (b) GRANTS AUTHORIZED.— 

16 (1) IN GENERAL.—From the amounts author17 ized under subsection (i), the Secretary shall award 

18 grants, on a competitive basis, to eligible recipients 

19 to enable the eligible recipients to carry out the ac20 tivities authorized in subsection (f). 

21 (2) LIMITATION.—An eligible recipient may not 

22 receive more than 1 grant at a time under this sec23 tion to undertake authorized activities within the 

24 same State. 

25 (c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
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1 (1) ELIGIBLE RECIPIENT.—The term ‘‘eligible 

2 recipient’’ means a nonprofit educational entity with 

3 expertise in Advanced Placement or International 

4 Baccalaureate services. 

5 (2) MASTER TEACHER.—The term ‘‘master 

6 teacher’’ means a teacher— 

7 (A) with an advanced degree or an ad8 vanced certification; 

9 (B) who uses the most effective teaching 

10 methods in the teacher’s disciplines; and 

11 (C) who has shown demonstrable results of 

12 higher student achievement in mathematics or 

13 science. 

14 (d) APPLICATION.— 

15 (1) IN GENERAL.—Each eligible recipient desir16 ing a grant under this section shall submit an appli17 cation to the Secretary at such time, in such man18 ner, and accompanied by such information as the 

19 Secretary may require. 

20 (2) CONTENTS.—Each application submitted 

21 pursuant to paragraph (1) shall— 

22 (A) describe the need for increased access 

23 to Advanced Placement or International Bacca24 laureate programs in mathematics and science; 
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1 (B) provide for the involvement of business 

2 and community organizations in the activities to 

3 be assisted; 

4 (C) describe the availability of matching 

5 funds from non-Federal sources to assist in the 

6 activities authorized; and 

7 (D) demonstrate an intent to carry out ac8 tivities that target local educational agencies— 

9 (i) that serve not fewer than 10,000 

10 children from low-income families; 

11 (ii) for which not less than 20 percent 

12 of the children served by the local edu13 cational agency are children from low-in14 come families; or 

15 (iii) with a total of less than 600 stu16 dents in average daily attendance at the 

17 schools that are served by the local edu18 cational agency and all of those schools are 

19 designated with a school locale code of 7 or 

20 8, or otherwise designated as a rural 

21 school, as determined by the Secretary. 

22 (e) PRIORITY CONSIDERATION.—The Secretary shall 

23 give priority to eligible recipients that submit an applica24 tion under subsection (d) that demonstrates a pervasive 

25 need to expand or develop Advanced Placement or Inter-
27 

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1 national Baccalaureate programs in mathematics and 

2 science. 

3 (f) AUTHORIZED ACTIVITIES.—An eligible recipient 

4 shall use the grant funds provided under this section for 

5 the following activities: 

6 (1) To identify and work with local educational 

7 agencies to expand or develop Advanced Placement 

8 or International Baccalaureate and pre-Advanced 

9 Placement or pre-International Baccalaureate pro10 grams in mathematics and science in schools served 

11 by the local educational agencies. 

12 (2) To work with the local educational agencies 

13 to establish Advanced Placement or International 

14 Baccalaureate coordinators in each secondary school 

15 served by the local educational agencies. 

16 (3) To ensure master teachers provide training 

17 to prepare teachers to teach Advanced Placement or 

18 International Baccalaureate courses in mathematics 

19 and science, which shall include at a minimum— 

20 (A) week-long summer institutes; and 

21 (B) 2-day seminars in the teachers’ dis22 ciplines each year for 4 years. 

23 (4) To ensure master teachers provide training 

24 to prepare teachers to teach pre-Advanced Place25 ment or pre-International Baccalaureate courses in 
28 

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1 mathematics and science, which shall include at a 

2 minimum— 

3 (A) a 4-day summer institute; and 

4 (B) 4 days on campus each year for 4 

5 years. 

6 (5) To provide stipends to teachers who satis7 factorily complete the Advanced Placement or Inter8 national Baccalaureate or pre-Advanced Placement 

9 or pre-International Baccalaureate training. 

10 (6) To provide a bonus to a teacher who has 

11 satisfactorily completed the Advanced Placement or 

12 International Baccalaureate or pre-Advanced Place13 ment or pre-International Baccalaureate training for 

14 each student of the teacher who passes an Advanced 

15 Placement or International Baccalaureate examina16 tion in mathematics and science. 

17 (7) To provide test preparation sessions for stu18 dents taking Advanced Placement or International 

19 Baccalaureate examinations in mathematics and 

20 science. 

21 (8) To reimburse students half of the cost of 

22 the Advanced Placement or International Bacca23 laureate mathematics and science examination fees. 
29 

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1 (9) To provide scholarships to students who 

2 pass the Advanced Placement or International Bac3 calaureate mathematics and science examinations. 

4 (g) EVALUATION AND ACCOUNTABILITY PLAN.— 

5 (1) IN GENERAL.—Each eligible recipient re6 ceiving a grant under this section shall develop an 

7 evaluation and accountability plan for activities as8 sisted under this section that includes rigorous ob9 jectives that measure the impact of activities as10 sisted under this section. 

11 (2) CONTENTS.—The plan developed pursuant 

12 to paragraph (1) shall include— 

13 (A) the number of students served by the 

14 eligible recipient who are taking pre-Advanced 

15 Placement or pre-International Baccalaureate 

16 courses in mathematics and science; 

17 (B) the number of students served by the 

18 eligible recipient who are taking Advanced 

19 Placement or International Baccalaureate 

20 courses in mathematics and science; 

21 (C) the number of students served by the 

22 eligible recipient who take Advanced Placement 

23 or International Baccalaureate mathematics 

24 and science examinations; 
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1 (D) the number of students served by the 

2 eligible recipients who pass Advanced Place3 ment or International Baccalaureate mathe4 matics and science examinations; and 

5 (E) the number of teachers trained in Ad6 vanced Placement or International Bacca7 laureate and pre-Advanced Placement or pre8 International Baccalaureate mathematics and 

9 science programs. 

10 (h) MATCHING REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANTS.—Each 

11 eligible recipient receiving a grant under this section shall 

12 provide, from non-Federal sources (in cash or in kind), 

13 an amount equal to 100 percent of the amount of the 

14 grant for each year of the grant, of which not less than 

15 25 percent shall come from State sources. 

16 (i) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

17 are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this sec18 tion— 

19 (1) $241,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; 

20 (2) $341,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; 

21 (3) $453,000,000 for fiscal year 2009; 

22 (4) $596,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; and 

23 (5) $731,000,000 for fiscal year 2011. 
31 

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1 CHAPTER 4—NATIONAL CLEARINGHOUSE 

2 ON MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE 

3 TEACHING MATERIALS 

4 SEC. 161. NATIONAL CLEARINGHOUSE ON MATHEMATICS 

5 AND SCIENCE TEACHING MATERIALS. 

6 (a) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the this section is to 

7 strengthen the skills of mathematics and science teachers 

8 by establishing a national clearinghouse of proven effective 

9 kindergarten through grade 12 mathematics and science 

10 teaching materials. 

11 (b) EFFECTIVE MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE TEACH12 ING MATERIALS.—The Secretary is authorized to convene, 

13 not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 

14 Act, a national panel to collect proven effective kinder15 garten through grade 12 mathematics and science teach16 ing materials, or to support the development of new mate17 rials where no effective models exist. 

18 (c) COMPOSITION OF NATIONAL PANEL.— 

19 (1) CONSULTATION.—The Secretary shall ap20 point members to the panel after consultation with 

21 the National Academy of Sciences of the National 

22 Academies. 

23 (2) SELECTION.—The Secretary shall ensure 

24 that the panel broadly represents scientists, practi25 tioners, educators, representatives from entities with 
32 

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1 expertise in education, mathematics, and science, 

2 and parents. The Secretary shall ensure that the 

3 panel includes the following: 

4 (A) A majority representation of educators 

5 and parents directly involved in the kinder6 garten through grade 12 education process. 

7 (B) Proportionate representation of edu8 cators and parents from all demographic areas, 

9 including urban, suburban and rural schools. 

10 (C) Proportionate representation of edu11 cators and parents from public and private 

12 schools. 

13 (3) QUALIFICATIONS OF MEMBERS.—The mem14 bers of the panel shall be individuals who have sub15 stantial knowledge or experience relating to— 

16 (A) education, mathematics, or science pol17 icy or programs; or 

18 (B) education, mathematics, or science 

19 curricula content development. 

20 (d) AUTHORIZED ACTIVITIES OF NATIONAL

21 PANEL.—The panel shall— 

22 (1) identify proven effective kindergarten 

23 through grade 12 mathematics and science teaching 

24 materials; 
33 

•S 2198 IS

1 (2) identify the need for new mathematics and 

2 science teaching materials, and support the develop3 ment of such new materials through contracts and 

4 cooperative agreements; and 

5 (3) establish a national clearinghouse of infor6 mation on effective kindergarten through grade 12 

7 mathematics and science teaching materials. 

8 (e) DISSEMINATION.—The Secretary shall dissemi9 nate information related to the clearinghouse to State edu10 cational agencies, and otherwise make available and acces11 sible to local educational agencies and schools the teaching 

12 materials collected by the panel in the form of a searchable 

13 online database or Internet web site. 

14 (f) MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE TEACHING MATE15 RIALS.— 

16 (1) RELIABILITY AND MEASUREMENT.—The 

17 kindergarten through grade 12 mathematics and 

18 science teaching materials collected under this sec19 tion shall be— 

20 (A) reliable, valid, and grounded in sci21 entific theory and research in existence as of 

22 the date of the collection of materials; 

23 (B) reviewed regularly to assess effective24 ness; and 
34 

•S 2198 IS

1 (C) developed in careful consideration of 

2 State academic assessments and student aca3 demic achievement standards. 

4 (2) STUDENTS WITH DIVERSE LEARNING

5 NEEDS.—The teaching materials shall include rel6 evant materials for students with diverse learning 

7 needs, particularly for students with disabilities and 

8 students with limited English proficiency. 

9 (g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

10 are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 

11 $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2007 and $20,000,000 for 

12 each of the fiscal years 2008 through 2011. 

13 CHAPTER 5—FUTURE AMERICAN14 SCIENTIST SCHOLARSHIPS 

15 SEC. 171. FUTURE AMERICAN-SCIENTIST SCHOLARSHIPS. 

16 (a) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this section is to in17 crease the number and percentage of citizens of the United 

18 States who earn baccalaureate degrees in mathematics or 

19 science (including engineering) by providing 25,000 new 

20 competitive merit-based undergraduate scholarships to 

21 students who are citizens of the United States, for the 

22 purpose of enabling each such student to obtain a bacca23 laureate degree in mathematics or science at a 4-year in24 stitution of higher education. 

25 (b) SCHOLARSHIPS.— 
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1 (1) IN GENERAL.—From the amounts author2 ized under subsection (e), the Secretary shall award 

3 the scholarships to eligible students that shall be 

4 used by the eligible students to pay for qualifying 

5 expenses at the 4-year institution of higher edu6 cation of the eligible students’ choosing. 

7 (2) FUTURE AMERICAN-SCIENTIST SCHOLAR8 SHIPS.—A scholarship awarded under this section 

9 shall be called a ‘‘Future American-Scientist Schol10 arship’’. 

11 (c) AMOUNT; DURATION.— 

12 (1) AMOUNT.—A scholarship award under this 

13 section shall be in an amount of not more than 

14 $20,000 per year. 

15 (2) DURATION OF SCHOLARSHIP.—A scholar16 ship awarded to an eligible student under this sec17 tion shall be for the number of years necessary for 

18 the eligible student to earn a baccalaureate degree in 

19 mathematics or science, except that no scholarship 

20 under this section shall be awarded for a period of 

21 more than 4 years. 

22 (d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

23 (1) ELIGIBLE STUDENT.—The term ‘‘eligible 

24 student’’ means a student who— 

25 (A) is a citizen of the United States; 
36 

•S 2198 IS

1 (B) is attending a 4-year institution of 

2 higher education; 

3 (C) is enrolled, or will be enrolled at the 

4 start of the next academic year, in a course of 

5 study at an institution of higher education that 

6 leads to a baccalaureate degree in mathematics 

7 or science; 

8 (D) demonstrates aptitude, as determined 

9 by the Secretary, in mathematics or science; or 

10 (E) for each year of a scholarship under 

11 this section, demonstrates continued academic 

12 achievement and progress, as determined by the 

13 Secretary, toward completion of a baccalaureate 

14 degree in mathematics or science. 

15 (2) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The 

16 term ‘‘institution of higher education’’ has the 

17 meaning given the term in section 101(a) of the 

18 Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)). 

19 (3) QUALIFIED EXPENSES.—The term ‘‘quali20 fied expenses’’ means the tuition, books, fees, sup21 plies, and equipment required for a course of in22 struction leading to a baccalaureate degree in math23 ematics or science at a 4-year institution of higher 

24 education of the eligible student’s choosing. 
37 

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1 (4) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 

2 the Secretary of Energy. 

3 (e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

4 are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this sec5 tion— 

6 (1) $375,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; 

7 (2) $750,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; 

8 (3) $1,125,000,000 for fiscal year 2009; and 

9 (4) $1,500,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 

10 2010 through 2013. 

11 CHAPTER 6—GRADUATE RESEARCH 

12 FELLOWSHIPS 

13 SEC. 181. GRADUATE RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS IN SCI14 ENTIFIC AREAS OF NATIONAL NEED. 

15 (a) FELLOWSHIPS AUTHORIZED.—From the 

16 amounts appropriated under subsection (e), the Secretary 

17 shall establish a fellowship program to provide tuition and 

18 financial support for eligible students pursuing master’s 

19 and doctoral degrees in mathematics or science (including 

20 engineering) or other areas of national need. 

21 (b) AREAS OF NATIONAL NEED.—The Secretary may 

22 establish, on an annual basis, areas of national need im23 portant to the mission of the Department of Energy, and 

24 may use the areas of national need in determining the spe25 cific fields of study to be supported by fellowship awards 
38 

•S 2198 IS

1 under this section. In establishing the areas of national 

2 need, the Secretary shall consider the results of the survey 

3 conducted under section 1101 of the Energy Policy Act 

4 of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16411). 

5 (c) USE AND AMOUNT OF AWARDS.—A fellowship 

6 award under this section shall be— 

7 (1) in an amount that is commensurate with 

8 the amount of similar graduate research fellowships 

9 awarded by the National Science Foundation; and 

10 (2) used by the eligible student to cover edu11 cational expenses and to provide additional financial 

12 support. 

13 (d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

14 (1) ELIGIBLE STUDENT.—The term ‘‘eligible 

15 student’’ means a student who is enrolled in a mas16 ter’s or doctoral degree program in mathematics or 

17 science (including engineering) or other areas of na18 tional need at an institution of higher education (as 

19 defined in section 171). 

20 (2) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 

21 the Secretary of Energy. 

22 (e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

23 are authorized to be appropriated under this section— 

24 (1) $225,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; 

25 (2) $450,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; and 
39 

•S 2198 IS

1 (3) $675,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 

2 2009 through 2013. 

3 Subtitle B—National Science Foun4 dation Early-Career Research 

5 Grants 

6 SEC. 191. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION EARLY-CAREER 

7 RESEARCH GRANTS. 

8 (a) PURPOSE.—It is the purpose of this section to 

9 authorize research grants in the National Science Founda10 tion, for early-career scientists and engineers for purposes 

11 of pursuing independent research. 

12 (b) DEFINITION OF ELIGIBLE EARLY-CAREER RE13 SEARCHER.—In this section, the term ‘‘eligible early-ca14 reer researcher’’ means an individual who— 

15 (1) completed a doctorate or other terminal de16 gree not more than 10 years before the date of en17 actment of this Act and has demonstrated promise 

18 in the field of science, technology, engineering, or 

19 mathematics; or 

20 (2) has an equivalent professional qualification 

21 in the field of science, technology, engineering, or 

22 mathematics. 

23 (c) GRANT PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.— 

24 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 

25 Science Foundation shall award not less than 65 
40 

•S 2198 IS

1 grants per year to outstanding eligible early-career 

2 researchers to support the work of such researchers 

3 in universities, private industry, or federally-funded 

4 research and development centers. 

5 (2) APPLICATION.—An eligible early-career re6 searcher who desires to receive a grant under this 

7 section shall submit to the Director of the National 

8 Science Foundation an application at such time, in 

9 such manner, and accompanied by such information 

10 as the Director may require. 

11 (3) SPECIAL CONSIDERATION.—In awarding 

12 grants under this section, the Director of the Na13 tional Science Foundation shall give special consider14 ation to eligible early-career researchers who have 

15 followed alternative career paths such as working 

16 part-time or in non-academic settings, or who have 

17 taken a significant career break or other leave of ab18 sence. 

19 (4) DURATION AND AMOUNT.—A grant under 

20 this section shall be 5 years in duration. An eligible 

21 early career-researcher who receives a grant under 

22 this section shall receive $100,000 for each year of 

23 the grant period. 

24 (5) USE OF FUNDS.—An eligible early career25 researcher who receives a grant under this section 
41 

•S 2198 IS

1 shall use the grant funds for basic research in nat2 ural sciences, engineering, mathematics, or computer 

3 sciences at a university, private industry, or feder4 ally-funded research and development center. 

5 (6) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 

6 There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out 

7 this section— 

8 (A) $6,500,000 for fiscal year 2007; 

9 (B) $13,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; 

10 (C) $19,500,000 for fiscal year 2009; 

11 (D) $26,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; and 

12 (E) $32,500,000 for fiscal year 2011. 

13 TITLE II—SOWING THE SEEDS 

14 THROUGH SCIENCE AND EN15 GINEERING RESEARCH 

16 Subtitle A—Office of Science and 

17 Technology Policy Matters 

18 SEC. 211. COORDINATION OF SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS, AND 

19 ENGINEERING EDUCATION PROGRAMS. 

20 (a) NATIONAL GOALS.— 

21 (1) BODY FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF GOALS.— 

22 The Director of the Office of Science and Tech23 nology Policy shall establish within the President’s 

24 Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology a 
42 

•S 2198 IS

1 standing subcommittee on education in mathematics, 

2 science, and engineering in the Federal Government. 

3 (2) RESPONSIBILITY.—The subcommittee es4 tablished under this subsection shall— 

5 (A) develop national goals for the support 

6 by the Federal Government of education in 

7 mathematics, science, and engineering; and 

8 (B) periodically review and update any 

9 goals so developed. 

10 (3) PUBLIC COMMENT.—The Director shall 

11 enter into an agreement with the National Academy 

12 of Sciences or other appropriate scientific organiza13 tion to seek public comment on the national goals 

14 developed under this subsection. 

15 (b) DEPUTY ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR SCIENCE, 

16 MATHEMATICS, AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION PRO17 GRAMS.— 

18 (1) IN GENERAL.—There shall be in the Office 

19 of Science and Technology Policy a Deputy Assist20 ant Director of the Office of Science and Technology 

21 Policy for Science, Mathematics, and Engineering 

22 Education Programs who shall be appointed by the 

23 Director of the Office of Science and Technology 

24 Policy, acting through the Associate Director for 

25 Science of the Office of Science and Technology Pol-
43 

•S 2198 IS

1 icy, from among individuals having the qualifications 

2 specified in paragraph (2). 

3 (2) QUALIFICATIONS FOR APPOINTMENT.—The 

4 qualifications of an individual for appointment as 

5 Deputy Assistant Director shall include such profes6 sional experience and expertise, and such other 

7 qualifications, as the Director of the Office of 

8 Science and Technology Policy considers appropriate 

9 to permit such individual to advise the Director on 

10 all matters relating to the education programs of the 

11 Executive Branch on mathematics, science, and 

12 technology. 

13 (c) RESPONSIBILITY.—The Deputy Assistant Direc14 tor of the Office of Science and Technology Policy for 

15 Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Educations Pro16 grams shall ensure effective coordination among the de17 partments, agencies, and elements of the Federal Govern18 ment in the discharge of the education programs of the 

19 Executive Branch on mathematics, science, and tech20 nology. 

21 (d) PLAN FOR COORDINATION OF PROGRAMS.— 

22 (1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the responsi23 bility described in subsection (c), the Deputy Assist24 ant Director of the Office of Science and Technology 

25 Policy for Science, Mathematics, and Engineering 
44 

•S 2198 IS

1 Educations Programs shall develop each year a plan 

2 for the coordination of the education programs of 

3 the Executive Branch on mathematics, science, and 

4 technology during the five fiscal years beginning in 

5 the year of such plan. 

6 (2) ELEMENTS.—Each plan developed under 

7 this subsection shall include— 

8 (A) mechanisms for the coordination of the 

9 education programs of the Executive Branch on 

10 mathematics, science, and technology during 

11 the five fiscal years beginning in the year of 

12 such plan; and 

13 (B) recommendations on funding, by agen14 cy, of such education programs during each 

15 such fiscal year. 

16 (3) CONSISTENCY WITH NATIONAL GOALS.— 

17 Each plan developed under this subsection shall be 

18 consistent with the most current national goals for 

19 the support by the Federal Government of education 

20 in mathematics, science, and engineering developed 

21 under subsection (a). 

22 (4) AVAILABILITY TO PUBLIC.—The Director of 

23 the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall 

24 take appropriate actions to ensure that each plan de-
45 

•S 2198 IS

1 veloped under this subsection is available to the pub2 lic. 

3 (e) STAFFING AND OTHER RESOURCES.—The Direc4 tor of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall 

5 assign the Deputy Assistant Director of the Office of 

6 Science and Technology Policy for Science, Mathematics, 

7 and Engineering Educations Programs such personnel 

8 and other resources as the Director considers appropriate 

9 in order to permit the Deputy Assistant Director to carry 

10 out the duties of the Deputy Assistant Director under this 

11 section. 

12 (f) DEADLINES FOR CERTAIN ACTIONS.— 

13 (1) ESTABLISHMENT OF SUBCOMMITTEE.—The 

14 Director of the Office of Science and Technology 

15 Policy shall establish the subcommittee required by 

16 subsection (a)(1) not later than 30 days after the 

17 date of the enactment of this Act. 

18 (2) APPOINTMENT OF DEPUTY ASSISTANT DI19 RECTOR.—The Director of the Office of Science and 

20 Technology Policy, acting through the Associate Di21 rector for Science of the Office of Science and Tech22 nology Policy, shall make the first appointment to 

23 the position of Deputy Assistant Director of the Of24 fice of Science and Technology Policy for Science, 

25 Mathematics, and Engineering Education Programs 
46 

•S 2198 IS

1 under subsection (b)(1) not later than 60 days after 

2 the date of the enactment of this Act. 

3 SEC. 212. NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE FOR AD4 VANCED RESEARCH INSTRUMENTATION AND 

5 FACILITIES. 

6 (a) ESTABLISHMENT.— 

7 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Office of 

8 Science and Technology Policy shall establish within 

9 the Office of Science and Technology Policy an of10 fice to be known as the ‘‘National Coordination Of11 fice for Advanced Research Instrumentation and Fa12 cilities’’. 

13 (2) HEAD OF OFFICE.—The head of the Na14 tional Coordination Office for Advanced Research 

15 Instrumentation and Facilities shall be the Director 

16 of the National Coordination Office for Advanced 

17 Research Instrumentation and Facilities, who shall 

18 be appointed by the Director of the Office of Science 

19 and Technology Policy. 

20 (3) STAFF AND OTHER RESOURCES.—The Di21 rector of the Office of Science and Technology Policy 

22 shall assign to the National Coordination Office for 

23 Advanced Research Instrumentation and Facilities 

24 such personnel and other resources as the Director 

25 of the Office of Science and Technology Policy con-
47 

•S 2198 IS

1 siders appropriate in order to permit the National 

2 Coordination Office for Advanced Research Instru3 mentation and Facilities to carry out its duties 

4 under this section. 

5 (4) DEADLINE FOR ESTABLISHMENT.—The Na6 tional Coordination Office for Advanced Research 

7 Instrumentation and Facilities shall be established 

8 not later than 30 days after the date of the enact9 ment of this Act. 

10 (b) DUTIES.— 

11 (1) IN GENERAL.—The National Coordination 

12 Office for Advanced Research Instrumentation and 

13 Facilities shall coordinate the award by the depart14 ments, agencies, and other elements of the Federal 

15 Government of grants for advanced research instru16 mentation and facilities. 

17 (2) ADVANCED RESEARCH INSTRUMENTATION

18 AND FACILITIES.— 

19 (A) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of this 

20 section, advanced research instrumentation and 

21 facilities are specially designed and developed 

22 instruments or tools (whether of a physical or 

23 nonphysical nature) that are available commer24 cially but are overly expensive for design and 

25 development under a single research grant. 
48 

•S 2198 IS

1 (B) EXAMPLES.—Examples of advanced 

2 research instrumentation and facilities for pur3 poses of this section include the following: 

4 (i) Single, stand-alone instruments or 

5 instrument suites. 

6 (ii) Networks. 

7 (iii) Computational modeling applica8 tions. 

9 (iv) Computer databases. 

10 (v) Sensor systems. 

11 (vi) Facilities that house ensembles of 

12 interrelated instruments. 

13 (vii) Instruments assembled from 

14 components. 

15 (3) DISCHARGE OF DUTIES.—The Office shall 

16 coordinate the award of grants for advanced re17 search instrumentation and facilities under this sec18 tion in accordance with the strategic implementation 

19 plan developed under subsection (c). 

20 (c) STRATEGIC IMPLEMENTATION PLAN.— 

21 (1) PLAN REQUIRED.—Not later than one year 

22 after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Di23 rector of the Office of Science and Technology Policy 

24 shall, in consultation with the Director of the Office 

25 of Management and Budget, develop a plan for the 
49 

•S 2198 IS

1 award by the departments, agencies, and other ele2 ments of the Federal Government of grants for ad3 vanced research instrumentation and facilities dur4 ing the five-year period beginning on the date of the 

5 issuance of the plan. 

6 (2) ELEMENTS.—The plan required by para7 graph (1) shall include the following: 

8 (A) Criteria applicable to the award of 

9 grants for advanced research instrumentation 

10 and facilities, including criteria applicable to— 

11 (i) scientific and technical merit; 

12 (ii) the identification of the strategic 

13 requirements of the departments, agencies, 

14 and other elements of the Federal Govern15 ment; and 

16 (iii) national science and technology 

17 needs. 

18 (B) An assessment of the current and an19 ticipated needs of the departments, agencies, 

20 and other elements of the Federal Government 

21 for advanced research instrumentation and fa22 cilities. 

23 (C) A report to Congress on the proposed 

24 allocation of funds, including amounts author25 ized to be appropriated by subsection (f), by the 
50 

•S 2198 IS

1 departments, agencies, and other elements of 

2 the Federal Government for grants for ad3 vanced research instrumentation and facilities. 

4 (3) PUBLIC COMMENT.—In developing the plan 

5 required by paragraph (1), the Director of the Office 

6 of Science and Technology Policy shall enter into an 

7 agreement with the National Academy of Sciences, 

8 or other similar entity, to secure public comments on 

9 the plan. 

10 (d) RECOMMENDATIONS ON AGENCY FUNDING.— 

11 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Office of 

12 Science and Technology Policy shall, in consultation 

13 with the Director of the National Coordination Of14 fice for Advanced Research Instrumentation and Fa15 cilities, make recommendations each year to the Di16 rector of the Office of Management and Budget on 

17 the amount of funds to be requested for the depart18 ments, agencies, and other elements of the Federal 

19 Government for the fiscal year beginning in such 

20 year for the award of grants for advanced research 

21 instrumentation and facilities. 

22 (2) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the rec23 ommendations under paragraph (1) shall be to ad24 vise the Director of the Office of Management and 

25 Budget on the amounts to be requested in the budg-
51 

•S 2198 IS

1 et of the President (as submitted to Congress under 

2 section 1105 of title 31, United States Code) for 

3 each fiscal year for the award of grants for advanced 

4 research instrumentation and facilities. 

5 (e) USE OF GRANT AMOUNTS.—Amounts under 

6 grants awarded by departments, agencies, and other ele7 ments of the Federal Government for advanced research 

8 instrumentation and facilities may be used for purposes 

9 as follows: 

10 (1) The purchase and installation of instru11 ments. 

12 (2) The commissioning of equipment. 

13 (3) The calibration of instruments. 

14 (4) The acquisition of parts and materials for 

15 construction of instruments. 

16 (5) Personnel costs of personnel engaged in the 

17 development of instruments. 

18 (6) The operation and maintenance of instru19 ments. 

20 (7) Such other purposes as the Director of the 

21 National Coordination Office for Advanced Research 

22 Instrumentation and Facilities considers appro23 priate. 

24 (f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 
52 

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1 (1) IN GENERAL.—In addition to amounts ap2 propriated under Federal law other than this Act, 

3 there is authorized to be appropriated for each of 

4 fiscal years 2008 through 2012, to carry out this 

5 section (including the plan specified in subsection 

6 (c))— 

7 (A) $1,000,000 to the Office of Science 

8 and Technology Policy; 

9 (B) $150,000,000 to the National Science 

10 Foundation; 

11 (C) $87,000,000 to the Department of De12 fense; 

13 (D) $152,000,000 to the Office of Science 

14 of the Department of Energy; and 

15 (E) $117,000,000 to the National Aero16 nautics and Space Administration. 

17 (2) AVAILABILITY.—The amount authorized to 

18 be appropriated by this subsection shall remain 

19 available until expended. 

20 SEC. 213. HIGH-RISK, HIGH-PAYOFF RESEARCH. 

21 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 

22 date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of the Of23 fice of Science and Technology Policy shall, in consultation 

24 with the Director of the Office of Management and Budg25 et, establish guidelines to ensure that each Federal re-
53 

•S 2198 IS

1 search agency allocates not less than 8 percent of the 

2 funds available to such agency each fiscal year for basic 

3 research for high-risk, high-payoff research. 

4 (b) HIGH-RISK, HIGH-PAYOFF RESEARCH.—For 

5 purposes of this section, high-risk, high-payoff research is 

6 research that— 

7 (1) has the potential for yielding results with 

8 far-ranging or wide-ranging implications; but 

9 (2) is too novel or spans too diverse a range of 

10 disciplines to fare well in the traditional peer review 

11 process. 

12 (c) GUIDELINE ELEMENTS.—The guidelines required 

13 by subsection (a) shall include provisions on the following: 

14 (1) Expedited procedures for the approval of 

15 the use of funds for high-risk, high-payoff research. 

16 (2) Annual reports by Federal research agen17 cies on activities relating to high-risk, high-payoff 

18 research. 

19 (3) Criteria to establish the duration of funding 

20 for high-risk, high-payoff research projects. 

21 (4) Objectives for high-risk, high-payoff re22 search projects. 

23 (5) Such other criteria, objectives, or other mat24 ters as the Director of the Office of Science and 

25 Technology Policy considers appropriate. 
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1 (d) PUBLIC COMMENT.—The Director of the Office 

2 of Science and Technology Policy shall enter into an 

3 agreement with the National Academy of Sciences, or 

4 similar entity, to solicit public comment, through a broad 

5 media solicitation, on the guidelines required by subsection 

6 (a) before the final issuance of such guidelines. 

7 (e) REVIEW.—The President’s Committee of Advisors 

8 on Science and Technology shall, not less often than once 

9 every two years, conduct a review to determine whether 

10 or not Federal research agencies are allocating basic re11 search funds in accordance with the guidelines required 

12 by subsection (a). 

13 (f) ANNUAL REPORTS TO CONGRESS.— 

14 (1) REPORTS REQUIRED.—The Director of the 

15 Office of Management and Budget shall, in consulta16 tion with the Director of the Office of Science and 

17 Technology Policy, submit to Congress each year a 

18 report on the use by Federal research agencies of 

19 basic research funds for high-risk, high-payoff re20 search during the preceding fiscal year. 

21 (2) TIME FOR SUBMITTAL.—The Director of 

22 the Office of Management and Budget shall submit 

23 the report required by paragraph (1) for a year to24 gether with the budget of the President for the fiscal 

25 year beginning in such year (as submitted to Con-
55 

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1 gress under section 1105 of title 31, United States 

2 Code). 

3 (g) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

4 (1) FEDERAL RESEARCH AGENCY.—The term 

5 ‘‘Federal research agency’’ means a major organiza6 tional component of a department or agency of the 

7 Federal Government, or other establishment of the 

8 Federal Government operating with appropriated 

9 funds, that has as its primary purpose the perform10 ance of scientific research. 

11 (2) MAJOR ORGANIZATIONAL COMPONENT.— 

12 The term ‘‘major organizational component’’, with 

13 respect to a department, agency, or other establish14 ment of the Federal Government, means a compo15 nent of the department, agency, or other establish16 ment that is administered by an individual whose 

17 rate of basic pay is not less than the rate of basic 

18 pay payable under level V of the Executive Schedule 

19 under section 5316 of title 5, United States Code. 

20 SEC. 214. PRESIDENT’S INNOVATION AWARD. 

21 (a) AUTHORITY TO AWARD.— 

22 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Office of 

23 Science and Technology Policy shall, subject to the 

24 approval of the President, award each year to one or 

25 more individuals an award that recognizes recent in-
56 

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1 novations in science and engineering in the United 

2 States. 

3 (2) DESIGNATION.—The award made under 

4 this section shall be known as the ‘‘President’s Inno5 vation Award’’. 

6 (3) PRESENTATION.—The presentation of 

7 awards made under this section shall be made by the 

8 President. 

9 (b) SELECTION OF RECIPIENTS.— 

10 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Office of 

11 Science and Technology Policy shall identify recipi12 ents of the award under this section from among in13 dividuals whose achievements are recognized in the 

14 most recent document entitled ‘‘Interagency Re15 search and Development Priorities’’ published by the 

16 Director of the Office of Management and Budget 

17 and the Director of the Office of Science and Tech18 nology Policy. 

19 (2) SOLICITATION OF RECOMMENDATIONS.—In 

20 identifying potential recipients of the award under 

21 this section, the Director of the Office of Science 

22 and Technology Policy shall solicit recommendations 

23 from the heads of Federal agencies and the general 

24 public. 
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1 (c) NATURE OF AWARD.—The award made under 

2 this section shall consist of the following: 

3 (1) A medal, of such design as the Director of 

4 the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall de5 termine (subject to the approval of the President). 

6 (2) A certificate of recognition. 

7 (3) A cash prize, in such amount as the Direc8 tor considers appropriate. 

9 (d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 

10 hereby authorized to be appropriated to the Office of 

11 Science and Technology Policy each fiscal year $1,000,000 

12 for the making of awards under this section. 

13 Subtitle B—National Aeronautics 

14 and Space Administration Matters 

15 SEC. 221. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINIS16 TRATION EARLY-CAREER RESEARCH 

17 GRANTS. 

18 (a) PURPOSE.—It is the purpose of this section to 

19 authorize research grants in the National Aeronautics and 

20 Space Administration for early-career scientists and engi21 neers for purposes of pursuing independent research. 

22 (b) DEFINITION OF ELIGIBLE EARLY-CAREER RE23 SEARCHER.—In this section, the term ‘‘eligible early-ca24 reer researcher’’ means an individual who— 
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1 (1) completed a doctorate or other terminal de2 gree not more than 10 years before the date of en3 actment of this Act and has demonstrated promise 

4 in the field of science, technology, engineering, or 

5 mathematics; or 

6 (2) has an equivalent professional qualification 

7 in the field of science, technology, engineering, or 

8 mathematics. 

9 (c) GRANT PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.— 

10 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator of the 

11 National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

12 shall award not less than 45 grants per year to out13 standing eligible early-career researchers to support 

14 the work of such researchers in universities, private 

15 industry, or federally-funded research and develop16 ment centers. 

17 (2) APPLICATION.—An eligible early-career re18 searcher who desires to receive a grant under this 

19 section shall submit to the Administrator of the Na20 tional Aeronautics and Space Administration an ap21 plication at such time, in such manner, and accom22 panied by such information as the Administrator 

23 may require. 

24 (3) SPECIAL CONSIDERATION.—In awarding 

25 grants under this section, the Administrator of the 
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1 National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

2 shall give special consideration to eligible early-ca3 reer researchers who have followed alternative career 

4 paths such as working part-time or in non-academic 

5 settings, or who have taken a significant career 

6 break or other leave of absence. 

7 (4) DURATION AND AMOUNT.—A grant under 

8 this section shall be 5 years in duration. An eligible 

9 early career-researcher who receives a grant under 

10 this section shall receive $100,000 for each year of 

11 the grant period. 

12 (5) USE OF FUNDS.—An eligible early career13 researcher who receives a grant under this section 

14 shall use the grant funds for basic research in nat15 ural sciences, engineering, mathematics, or computer 

16 sciences at a university, private industry, or feder17 ally-funded research and development center. 

18 (6) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 

19 There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out 

20 this section— 

21 (A) $4,500,000 for fiscal year 2007; 

22 (B) $9,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; 

23 (C) $13,500,000 for fiscal year 2009; 

24 (D) $18,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; and 

25 (E) $22,500,000 for fiscal year 2011. 
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1 SEC. 222. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE 

2 NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMIN3 ISTRATION FOR BASIC SCIENCES. 

4 (a) IN GENERAL.—There is hereby authorized to be 

5 appropriated for the National Aeronautics and Space Ad6 ministration for basic sciences for research specified in 

7 subsection (b), amounts as follows: 

8 (1) $2,768,000,000 for fiscal year 2007. 

9 (2) $3,044,000,000 for fiscal year 2008. 

10 (3) $3,349,000,000 for fiscal year 2009. 

11 (4) $3,684,000,000 for fiscal year 2010. 

12 (5) $4,052,000,000 for fiscal year 2011. 

13 (6) $4,457,000,000 for fiscal year 2012. 

14 (7) $4,903,000,000 for fiscal year 2013. 

15 (b) COVERED RESEARCH.—The research specified in 

16 this subsection is research under programs as follows: 

17 (1) The Solar System Exploration Research 

18 Program. 

19 (2) The Mars Exploration Research Program. 

20 (3) The Astronomical Search for Origins Re21 search Program. 

22 (4) The Structure and Evolution of the Uni23 verse Research Program. 

24 (5) The Earth–Sun Connection Research Pro25 gram. 
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1 (6) The Earth Systems Science Research Pro2 gram. 

3 (7) The Earth Science Applications Research 

4 Program. 

5 (8) The Biological Sciences Research Program. 

6 (9) The Physical Sciences Research Program. 

7 (10) The Aeronautics Program. 

8 (11) Such other basic research programs as the 

9 Administrator of the National Aeronautics and 

10 Space Administration may determine to be appro11 priate, after notifying the appropriate committees of 

12 Congress of the Administrator’s intent to make the 

13 determination. 

14 Subtitle C—Communications 

15 Matters 

16 SEC. 231. SENSE OF SENATE ON POLICIES TO ACCELERATE 

17 DEPLOYMENT OF ACCESS TO BROADBAND 

18 INTERNET. 

19 It is the sense of the Senate that Congress and the 

20 Federal Communications Commission should work to21 gether to ensure the implementation of regulatory policies 

22 that facilitate and accelerate the deployment of access to 

23 broadband Internet to order to provide broadband Inter24 net service to as many residences, businesses, and schools 

25 as possible in both urban areas and rural areas. 
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1 Subtitle D—Science Parks 

2 SEC. 241. DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE PARKS. 

3 (a) FINDING.—Section 2 of the Stevenson-Wydler 

4 Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3701) is 

5 amended by adding at the end the following new para6 graph: 

7 ‘‘(12) It is in the best interests of the Nation 

8 to encourage the formation of science parks to pro9 mote the clustering of innovation through high tech10 nology activities.’’. 

11 (b) DEFINITION.—Section 4 of such Act (15 U.S.C. 

12 3703) is amended by adding at the end the following new 

13 paragraphs: 

14 ‘‘(14) ‘Science park’ means a group of inter15 related companies and institutions, including sup16 pliers, service providers, institutions of higher edu17 cation, start-up incubators, and trade associations 

18 that cooperate and compete and are located in a spe19 cific area whose administration promotes real estate 

20 development, technology transfer, and partnerships 

21 between such companies and institutions, and does 

22 not mean a business or industrial park. 

23 ‘‘(15) ‘Business or industrial park’ means pri24 marily a for-profit real estate venture of businesses 

25 or industries which do not necessarily reinforce each 
63 

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1 other through supply chain or technology transfer 

2 mechanisms. 

3 ‘‘(16) ‘Science park infrastructure’ means facili4 ties that support the daily economic activity of a 

5 science park.’’. 

6 (c) PROMOTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE

7 PARKS.—Section 5(c) of such Act (15 U.S.C. 3704(c)) is 

8 amended— 

9 (1) in paragraph (14), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the 

10 end; 

11 (2) in paragraph (15), by striking the period at 

12 the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 

13 (3) by adding at the end the following new 

14 paragraph: 

15 ‘‘(16) promote the formation of science parks.’’. 

16 (d) SCIENCE PARKS.—Such Act is further amended 

17 by adding at the end the following new section: 

18 ‘‘SEC. 24. SCIENCE PARKS. 

19 ‘‘(a) DEVELOPMENT OF PLANS FOR CONSTRUCTION

20 OF SCIENCE PARKS.— 

21 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall award 

22 grants for the development of feasibility studies and 

23 plans for the construction of new or expansion of ex24 isting science parks. 
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1 ‘‘(2) LIMITATION ON AMOUNT OF GRANTS.— 

2 The amount of a grant awarded under this sub3 section may not exceed $750,000. 

4 ‘‘(3) AWARD.— 

5 ‘‘(A) COMPETITION REQUIRED.—The Sec6 retary shall award any grant under this sub7 section pursuant to a full and open competition. 

8 ‘‘(B) ADVERTISING.—The Secretary shall 

9 advertise any competition under this paragraph 

10 in the Commerce Business Daily. 

11 ‘‘(C) SELECTION CRITERIA.—The Sec12 retary shall publish the criteria to be utilized in 

13 any competition under this paragraph for the 

14 selection of recipients of grants under this sub15 section. Such criteria shall include requirements 

16 relating to— 

17 ‘‘(i) the number of jobs to be created 

18 at the science park each year for a period 

19 of 5 years; 

20 ‘‘(ii) the funding to be required to 

21 construct or expand the science park over 

22 the first 5 years; 

23 ‘‘(iii) the amount and type of cost 

24 matching by the applicant; 
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1 ‘‘(iv) the types of businesses and re2 search entities expected in the science park 

3 and surrounding community; 

4 ‘‘(v) letters of intent by businesses 

5 and research entities to locate in the 

6 science park; 

7 ‘‘(vi) the capacity of the science park 

8 for expansion over a period of 25 years; 

9 ‘‘(vii) the quality of life at the science 

10 park for employees at the science park; 

11 ‘‘(viii) the capability to attract a well 

12 trained workforce to the science park; 

13 ‘‘(ix) the management of the science 

14 park; 

15 ‘‘(x) expected risks in the construction 

16 and operation of the science park; 

17 ‘‘(xi) risk mitigation; 

18 ‘‘(xii) transportation and logistics; 

19 ‘‘(xiii) physical infrastructure, includ20 ing telecommunications; and 

21 ‘‘(xiv) ability to collaborate with other 

22 science parks throughout the world. 

23 ‘‘(4) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 

24 There is authorized to be appropriated for each of 
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1 fiscal years 2007 through 2012, $7,500,000 to carry 

2 out this subsection. 

3 ‘‘(b) REVOLVING LOAN PROGRAM FOR DEVELOP4 MENT OF SCIENCE PARK INFRASTRUCTURE.— 

5 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall make 

6 grants to six regional centers for the development of 

7 existing science park infrastructure through the op8 eration of revolving loan funds by such centers. 

9 ‘‘(2) SELECTION OF CENTERS.— 

10 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 

11 select the regional centers to be awarded grants 

12 under this subsection utilizing such criteria as 

13 the Secretary shall prescribe. 

14 ‘‘(B) CRITERIA.—The criteria prescribed 

15 by the Secretary under this paragraph shall in16 clude criteria relating to revolving loan funds 

17 and revolving loan fund operators under para18 graph (4), including— 

19 ‘‘(i) the qualifications of principal offi20 cers; 

21 ‘‘(ii) non-Federal cost matching re22 quirements; and 

23 ‘‘(iii) conditions for the termination of 

24 loan funds. 
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1 ‘‘(3) LIMITATION ON LOAN AMOUNT.—The 

2 amount of any loan for the development of existing 

3 science park infrastructure that is funded under this 

4 subsection may not exceed $3,000,000. 

5 ‘‘(4) REVOLVING LOAN FUNDS.— 

6 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—A regional center re7 ceiving a grant under this subsection shall fund 

8 the development of existing science park infra9 structure through the utilization of a revolving 

10 loan fund. 

11 ‘‘(B) OPERATION AND INTEGRITY.—The 

12 Secretary shall prescribe regulations to main13 tain the proper operation and financial integrity 

14 of revolving loan funds under this paragraph. 

15 ‘‘(C) EFFICIENT ADMINISTRATION.—The 

16 Secretary may— 

17 ‘‘(i) at the request of a grantee, 

18 amend and consolidate grant agreements 

19 governing revolving loan funds to provide 

20 flexibility with respect to lending areas and 

21 borrower criteria; 

22 ‘‘(ii) assign or transfer assets of a re23 volving loan fund to a third party for the 

24 purpose of liquidation, and a third party 
68 

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1 may retain assets of the fund to defray 

2 costs related to liquidation; and 

3 ‘‘(iii) take such actions as are appro4 priate to enable revolving loan fund opera5 tors to sell or securitize loans (except that 

6 the actions may not include issuance of a 

7 Federal guaranty by the Secretary). 

8 ‘‘(D) TREATMENT OF ACTIONS.—An action 

9 taken by the Secretary under this paragraph 

10 with respect to a revolving loan fund shall not 

11 constitute a new obligation if all grant funds 

12 associated with the original grant award have 

13 been disbursed to the recipient. 

14 ‘‘(E) PRESERVATION OF SECURITIES

15 LAWS.— 

16 ‘‘(i) NOT TREATED AS EXEMPTED SE17 CURITIES.—No securities issued pursuant 

18 to subparagraph (C)(iii) shall be treated as 

19 exempted securities for purposes of the Se20 curities Act of 1933 or the Securities Ex21 change Act of 1934, unless exempted by 

22 rule or regulation of the Securities and Ex23 change Commission. 

24 ‘‘(ii) PRESERVATION.—Except as pro25 vided in clause (i), no provision of this 
69 

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1 paragraph or any regulation issued by the 

2 Secretary under this paragraph shall su3 persede or otherwise affect the application 

4 of the securities laws (as such term is de5 fined in section 2(a)(47) of the Securities 

6 Exchange Act of 1934) or the rules, regu7 lations, or orders of the Securities and Ex8 change Commission or a self-regulatory or9 ganization thereunder. 

10 ‘‘(5) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 

11 There is authorized to be appropriated for each of 

12 fiscal years 2007 through 2012, $60,000,000 to 

13 carry out this subsection. 

14 ‘‘(c) LOAN GUARANTEES FOR SCIENCE PARK INFRA15 STRUCTURE.— 

16 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall guar17 antee up to 80 percent of the loan amount for loans 

18 exceeding $10,000,000 for projects for the construc19 tion of science park infrastructure. 

20 ‘‘(2) LIMITATIONS ON GUARANTEE AMOUNTS.— 

21 The maximum amount of loan principal guaranteed 

22 under this subsection may not exceed— 

23 ‘‘(A) $50,000,000 with respect to any sin24 gle project; and 
70 

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1 ‘‘(B) $500,000,000 with respect to all 

2 projects. 

3 ‘‘(3) SELECTION OF GUARANTEE RECIPI4 ENTS.—The Secretary shall select recipients of loan 

5 guarantees under this subsection based upon the 

6 ability of the recipient to collateralize the loan 

7 amount through bonds, equity, property, and other 

8 such criteria as the Secretary shall prescribe. 

9 ‘‘(4) TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR LOAN GUAR10 ANTEES.—For purposes of this section, the loans 

11 guaranteed shall be subject to such terms and condi12 tions as the Secretary may prescribe, except that— 

13 ‘‘(A) the final maturity of such loans made 

14 or guaranteed shall not exceed (as determined 

15 by the Secretary) the lesser of— 

16 ‘‘(i) 30 years and 32 days; or 

17 ‘‘(ii) 90 percent of the useful life of 

18 any physical asset to be financed by such 

19 loan; 

20 ‘‘(B) no loan made or guaranteed may be 

21 subordinated to another debt contracted by the 

22 borrower or to any other claims against the bor23 rowers in the case of default; 

24 ‘‘(C) no loan may be guaranteed unless the 

25 Secretary determines that the lender is respon-
71 

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1 sible and that adequate provision is made for 

2 servicing the loan on reasonable terms and pro3 tecting the financial interest of the United 

4 States; 

5 ‘‘(D) no loan may be guaranteed if the in6 come from such loan is excluded from gross in7 come for purposes of chapter 1 of the Internal 

8 Revenue Code of 1986, or if the guarantee pro9 vides significant collateral or security, as deter10 mined by the Secretary, for other obligations 

11 the income from which is so excluded; 

12 ‘‘(E) any guarantee shall be conclusive evi13 dence that said guarantee has been properly ob14 tained, that the underlying loan qualified for 

15 such guarantee, and that, but for fraud or ma16 terial misrepresentation by the holder, such 

17 guarantee shall be presumed to be valid, legal, 

18 and enforceable; 

19 ‘‘(F) the Secretary shall prescribe explicit 

20 standards for use in periodically assessing the 

21 credit risk of new and existing direct loans or 

22 guaranteed loans; 

23 ‘‘(G) the Secretary must find that there is 

24 a reasonable assurance of repayment before ex25 tending credit assistance; and 
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1 ‘‘(H) new loan guarantees may not be com2 mitted except to the extent that appropriations 

3 of budget authority to cover their costs are 

4 made in advance, as required in section 504 of 

5 the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990. 

6 ‘‘(5) PAYMENT OF LOSSES.—For purposes of 

7 this section— 

8 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—If, as a result of a de9 fault by a borrower under a guaranteed loan, 

10 after the holder thereof has made such further 

11 collection efforts and instituted such enforce12 ment proceedings as the Secretary may require, 

13 the Secretary determines that the holder has 

14 suffered a loss, the Secretary shall pay to such 

15 holder the percentage of such loss (not more 

16 than 80 percent) specified in the guarantee con17 tract. Upon making any such payment, the Sec18 retary shall be subrogated to all the rights of 

19 the recipient of the payment. The Secretary 

20 shall be entitled to recover from the borrower 

21 the amount of any payments made pursuant to 

22 any guarantee entered into under this section. 

23 ‘‘(B) ENFORCEMENT OF RIGHTS.—The At24 torney General shall take such action as may be 

25 appropriate to enforce any right accruing to the 
73 

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1 United States as a result of the issuance of any 

2 guarantee under this section. 

3 ‘‘(C) FORBEARANCE.—Nothing in this sec4 tion may be construed to preclude any forbear5 ance for the benefit of the borrower which may 

6 be agreed upon by the parties to the guaranteed 

7 loan and approved by the Secretary, if budget 

8 authority for any resulting subsidy costs (as de9 fined under the Federal Credit Reform Act of 

10 1990) is available. 

11 ‘‘(D) MANAGEMENT OF PROPERTY.—Not12 withstanding any other provision of law relating 

13 to the acquisition, handling, or disposal of prop14 erty by the United States, the Secretary shall 

15 have the right in the Secretary’s discretion to 

16 complete, recondition, reconstruct, renovate, re17 pair, maintain, operate, or sell any property ac18 quired by the Secretary pursuant to the provi19 sions of this section. 

20 ‘‘(6) REVIEW.—The Comptroller General of the 

21 United States shall, within 2 years of the date of en22 actment of this section, conduct a review of the sub23 sidy estimates for the loan guarantees under this 

24 subsection, and shall submit to Congress a report on 

25 the review conducted under this paragraph. 
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1 ‘‘(7) TERMINATION.—No loan may be guaran2 teed under this subsection after September 30, 

3 2012. 

4 ‘‘(8) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 

5 There is authorized to be appropriated— 

6 ‘‘(A) $35,000,000 for the cost, as defined 

7 in section 502(5) of the Federal Credit Reform 

8 Act of 1990, of guaranteeing $500,000,000 of 

9 loans under this subsection; and 

10 ‘‘(B) $6,000,000 for administrative ex11 penses for fiscal year 2007 and such sums as 

12 necessary thereafter for administrative expenses 

13 in subsequent years. 

14 ‘‘(d) NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES EVALUA15 TION.— 

16 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall enter 

17 into an agreement with the National Academy of 

18 Sciences under which the Academy shall evaluate, on 

19 a tri-annual basis, the activities under this section. 

20 ‘‘(2) TRI-ANNUAL REPORT.—Under the agree21 ment under paragraph (1), the Academy shall sub22 mit to the Secretary a report on its evaluation of 

23 science park development under that paragraph. 

24 Each report may include such recommendations as 

25 the Academy considers appropriate for additional ac-
75 

•S 2198 IS

1 tivities to promote and facilitate the development of 

2 science parks in the United States. 

3 ‘‘(e) TRI-ANNUAL REPORT.—Not later than March 

4 31 of every third year, the Secretary shall submit to Con5 gress a report on the activities under this section during 

6 the preceding 3 years, including any recommendations 

7 made by the National Academy of Sciences under sub8 section (d)(2) during such period. Each report may in9 clude such recommendations for legislative or administra10 tive action as the Secretary considers appropriate to fur11 ther promote and facilitate the development of science 

12 parks in the United States. 

13 ‘‘(f) REGULATIONS.— 

14 ‘‘(1) REGULATIONS.—Consistent with Office of 

15 Management and Budget Circular A–129, ‘Policies 

16 for Federal Credit Programs and Non-Tax Receiv17 ables’, the Secretary shall prescribe regulations to 

18 carry out this section. 

19 ‘‘(2) DEADLINE.—The Secretary shall prescribe 

20 such regulations not later than one year after the 

21 date of enactment of this section.’’. 
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1 Subtitle E—Authorization of Ap2 propriations for the National 

3 Science Foundation for Re4 search and Related Activities 

5 SEC. 251. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE 

6 NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION FOR RE7 SEARCH AND RELATED ACTIVITIES. 

8 (a) IN GENERAL.—There is hereby authorized to be 

9 appropriated for the National Science Foundation for Re10 search and Related Activities, amounts as follows: 

11 (1) $4,195,000,000 for fiscal year 2007. 

12 (2) $4,614,000,000 for fiscal year 2008. 

13 (3) $5,076,000,000 for fiscal year 2009 

14 (4) $5,584,000,000 for fiscal year 2010. 

15 (5) $6,143,000,000 for fiscal year 2011. 

16 (6) $6,757,000,000 for fiscal year 2012. 

17 (7) $7,432,000,000 for fiscal year 2013. 

18 (b) LIMITATION ON AVAILABILITY.—Amounts au19 thorized to be appropriated for the National Science Foun20 dation by subsection (a) shall not be available for the 

21 United States Solar Program and Integrative Activities of 

22 the Foundation. 
77 

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1 TITLE III—ENSURING THE BEST 

2 AND BRIGHTEST REMAIN IN 

3 THE UNITED STATES 

4 Subtitle A—Visas for Doctorate 

5 Students in Mathematics, Engi6 neering, Technology, or the 

7 Physical Sciences 

8 SEC. 311. FINDINGS. 

9 Congress finds the following: 

10 (1) The National Academies, in their congres11 sionally requested report entitled ‘‘Rising Above the 

12 Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing Amer13 ica for a Brighter Economic Future’’, recommended 

14 that Congress— 

15 (A) continue to improve visa processing for 

16 international students and scholars by providing 

17 less complex procedures and continuing to make 

18 improvements on issues such as visa categories 

19 and duration, travel for scientific meetings, the 

20 technology-alert list, reciprocity agreements, 

21 and changes in status; 

22 (B) provide a 1-year automatic visa exten23 sion to international students who receive doc24 torates or the equivalent in science, technology, 

25 engineering, mathematics, or other fields of na-
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1 tional need at qualified United States institu2 tions to remain in the United States to seek 

3 employment; 

4 (C) provide such students with automatic 

5 work permits and expedited residence status if 

6 they are offered jobs by employers based in the 

7 United States and pass a security screening 

8 test; 

9 (D) institute a new skills-based, pref10 erential immigration option that gives appli11 cants with doctorate-level education and science 

12 and engineering skills priority in obtaining 

13 United States citizenship; and 

14 (E) increase the number of H–1B visas by 

15 10,000, which should be allocated for applicants 

16 with doctorate degrees in science, or engineer17 ing from a United States university; and 

18 (2) Since the publication of the report by the 

19 National Academies, the Senate has passed the Def20 icit Reduction Act of 2005, which authorizes an ad21 ditional 30,000 H–1B visas per year. 

22 SEC. 312. SENSE OF THE SENATE. 

23 It is the sense of the Senate that— 

24 (1) the Department of State and the Depart25 ment of Homeland Security have made significant 
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1 improvements since 2002 in the efficiency with 

2 which visas are processed for— 

3 (A) students at colleges and universities in 

4 the United States; and 

5 (B) foreign researchers to engage in appro6 priate scientific research in the United States; 

7 (2) particular improvements have been made to 

8 the MANTIS clearance process, which— 

9 (A) reduce wait times from more than 70 

10 days to less than 15 days; and 

11 (B) extend the duration of the MANTIS 

12 clearance process up to 4 years, as appropriate, 

13 to cover the duration of study for foreign stu14 dents in the United States; 

15 (3) both departments and related supporting 

16 agencies should further improve efficiency and con17 venience in the granting of visas to foreign students 

18 and researchers while protecting national security; 

19 (4) the departments should extend MANTIS 

20 clearance for foreign researchers for the duration of 

21 a specified scientific research program while bal22 ancing security concerns; and 

23 (5) other such improvements should include— 

24 (A) review of the technology-alert list; and 
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1 (B) efforts to better facilitate travel for 

2 scientific conferences. 

3 SEC. 313. VISAS FOR DOCTORATE STUDENTS IN MATHE4 MATICS, ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY, OR 

5 THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES. 

6 (a) CREATION OF NEW VISA CATEGORY.—Section 

7 101(a)(15)(F) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 

8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(F)) is amended— 

9 (1) in clause (i)— 

10 (A) by inserting ‘‘(except for a graduate 

11 program described in clause (iv))’’ after ‘‘full 

12 course of study’’; 

13 (B) by striking ‘‘214(l)’’ and inserting 

14 ‘‘214(m)’’; and 

15 (C) by striking the comma at the end and 

16 inserting a semicolon; 

17 (2) in clause (ii)— 

18 (A) by inserting ‘‘or clause (iv)’’ after 

19 ‘‘clause (i)’’; and 

20 (B) by striking ‘‘, and’’ and inserting a 

21 semicolon; 

22 (3) in clause (iii), by inserting ‘‘and’’ at the 

23 end; and 

24 (4) by adding at the end the following: 
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1 ‘‘(iv) an alien described in clause (i) who 

2 has been accepted and plans to attend an ac3 credited graduate program in mathematics, en4 gineering, technology, or the physical sciences 

5 in the United States for the purpose of obtain6 ing a doctorate degree;’’. 

7 (b) REQUIREMENTS FOR OBTAINING AN F–4 VISA.— 

8 Section 214(m) of the Immigration and Nationality Act 

9 (8 U.S.C. 1184(m)) is amended— 

10 (1) by striking the matter preceding paragraph 

11 (1) and inserting the following: 

12 ‘‘(m) NONIMMIGRANT ELEMENTARY, SECONDARY, 

13 AND POST-SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS.—’’; and 

14 (2) by adding at the end the following: 

15 ‘‘(3)(A) An alien who obtains the status of a non16 immigrant under section 101(a)(15)(F)(iv) shall dem17 onstrate an intent to— 

18 ‘‘(i) return to the country of residence of such 

19 alien immediately after the completion or termi20 nation of the graduate program qualifying such alien 

21 for such status; or 

22 ‘‘(ii) find employment in the United States re23 lated to the field of study of such alien and become 

24 a permanent resident of the United States upon the 
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1 completion of the graduate program, which was the 

2 basis for such nonimmigrant status. 

3 ‘‘(B) A visa issued to an alien under section 

4 101(a)(15)(F)(iv) shall be valid— 

5 ‘‘(i) during the intended period of study in a 

6 graduate program described in such section; 

7 ‘‘(ii) for an additional period, not to exceed 1 

8 year beyond the completion of the graduate pro9 gram, if the alien is actively pursuing an offer of 

10 employment related to the knowledge and skills ob11 tained through the graduate program; and 

12 ‘‘(iii) for an additional period, not to exceed 6 

13 months, while the alien’s application for adjustment 

14 of status under section 245(i)(4) is pending. 

15 ‘‘(C) An alien shall qualify for adjustment of status 

16 to that of a person admitted for permanent residence if 

17 the alien— 

18 ‘‘(i) has the status of a nonimmigrant under 

19 section 101(a)(15)(F)(iv); 

20 ‘‘(ii) has successfully earned a doctorate degree 

21 in mathematics, engineering, technology or the phys22 ical sciences at an accredited college or university in 

23 the United States; and 
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1 ‘‘(iii) is employed full-time in the United States 

2 in a position related to the knowledge and skills 

3 gained while pursuing such degree.’’. 

4 (c) ADJUSTMENT OF STATUS.—Section 245(i) of the 

5 Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1255(i)) is 

6 amended by adding at the end the following: 

7 ‘‘(4) The Secretary of Homeland Security may adjust 

8 the status of an alien who meets the requirements under 

9 section 214(m)(3) to that of an alien lawfully admitted 

10 for permanent residence if the alien— 

11 ‘‘(A) makes an application for such adjustment; 

12 ‘‘(B) is eligible to receive an immigrant visa; 

13 ‘‘(C) is admissible to the United States for per14 manent residence; and 

15 ‘‘(D) remits a fee of $1,000 to the Secretary.’’. 

16 (d) USE OF FEES.— 

17 (1) JOB TRAINING; SCHOLARSHIPS.—Section 

18 286(s)(1) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 

19 U.S.C. 1356(s)(1)) is amended by inserting ‘‘and 80 

20 percent of the fees collected under section 245(i)(4)’’ 

21 before the period at the end. 

22 (2) FRAUD PREVENTION AND DETECTION.— 

23 Section 286(v)(1) of the Immigration and Nation24 ality Act (8 U.S.C. 1356(v)(1)) is amended by in-
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1 serting ‘‘and 20 percent of the fees collected under 

2 section 245(i)(4)’’ before the period at the end. 

3 SEC. 314. ALIENS NOT SUBJECT TO NUMERICAL LIMITA4 TIONS ON EMPLOYMENT-BASED IMMI5 GRANTS. 

6 (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 201(b)(1) of the Immi7 gration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1151(b)(1)) is 

8 amended by adding at the end the following: 

9 ‘‘(F) Aliens who have earned an advanced 

10 degree in science, technology, engineering, or 

11 math and have been working in a related field 

12 in the United States under a nonimmigrant visa 

13 during the 3-year period preceding their appli14 cation for an immigrant visa under section 

15 203(b). 

16 ‘‘(G) Aliens described in subparagraph (A) 

17 or (B) of section 203(b)(1)(A) or who have re18 ceived a national interest waiver under section 

19 203(b)(2)(B). 

20 ‘‘(H) The immediate relatives of an alien 

21 who is admitted as an employment-based immi22 grant under section 203(b).’’. 

23 (b) APPLICABILITY.—The amendments made by sub24 section (a) shall apply to any visa application pending on 
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1 the date of enactment of this Act and any visa application 

2 filed on or after such date of enactment. 

3 Subtitle B—Patent Reform 

4 SEC. 321. PATENT REFORM. 

5 It is the sense of the Senate that— 

6 (1) the United States Patent and Trademark 

7 Office should be provided with sufficient resources to 

8 make intellectual property protection more timely, 

9 predictable, and effective; 

10 (2) the resources described under paragraph (1) 

11 should include a 20 percent increase in overall fund12 ing to hire and train additional examiners and im13 plement more capable electronic processing; and 

14 (3) Congress should implement comprehensive 

15 patent reform that— 

16 (A) establishes a first-inventor-to-file sys17 tem; 

18 (B) institutes an open review process fol19 lowing the grant of a patent; 

20 (C) encourages research uses of patented 

21 inventions by shielding researchers from in22 fringement liability; and 

23 (D) reduces barriers to innovation in spe24 cific industries with specialized patent needs. 
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1 TITLE IV—REFORMING DEEMED 

2 EXPORTS 

3 SEC. 401. SENSE OF SENATE ON EXEMPTION OF CERTAIN 

4 USES OF TECHNOLOGY FROM TREATMENT AS 

5 EXPORTS. 

6 (a) SENSE OF SENATE.—It is the sense of the Senate 

7 that the use of technology by an institution of higher edu8 cation in the United States should not be treated as an 

9 export of such technology for purposes of section 5 of the 

10 Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2404) 

11 and any regulations prescribed thereunder, as currently in 

12 effect pursuant to the provisions of the International 

13 Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et 

14 seq.), or any other provision of law, if such technology is 

15 so used by such institution for fundamental research. 

16 (b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

17 (1) FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH.—The term 

18 ‘‘fundamental research’’ has the meaning given that 

19 term in National Security Decision Directive 189, 

20 entitled ‘‘National Policy on Transfer of Scientific, 

21 Technical, and Engineering Information’’ and dated 

22 September 21, 1985. 

23 (2) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The 

24 term ‘‘institution of higher education’’ has the 
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1 meaning given that term in section 101(a) of the 

2 Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a). 

3 TITLE V—STRENGTHENING 

4 BASIC RESEARCH AT THE DE5 PARTMENT OF DEFENSE 

6 SEC. 501. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE EARLY-CAREER RE7 SEARCH GRANTS. 

8 (a) PURPOSE.—It is the purpose of this section to 

9 authorize research grants in the Department of Defense 

10 for early-career scientists and engineers for purposes of 

11 pursuing independent research. 

12 (b) DEFINITION OF ELIGIBLE EARLY-CAREER RE13 SEARCHER.—In this section, the term ‘‘eligible early-ca14 reer researcher’’ means an individual who— 

15 (1) completed a doctorate or other terminal de16 gree not more than 10 years before the date of en17 actment of this Act and has demonstrated promise 

18 in the field of science, technology, engineering, or 

19 mathematics; or 

20 (2) has an equivalent professional qualification 

21 in the field of science, technology, engineering, or 

22 mathematics. 

23 (c) GRANT PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.— 

24 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense 

25 shall award not less than 25 grants per year to out-
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1 standing eligible early-career researchers to support 

2 the work of such researchers in universities, private 

3 industry, or federally-funded research and develop4 ment centers. 

5 (2) APPLICATION.—An eligible early-career re6 searcher who desires to receive a grant under this 

7 section shall submit to the Secretary of Defense an 

8 application at such time, in such manner, and ac9 companied by such information as the Secretary may 

10 require. 

11 (3) SPECIAL CONSIDERATION.—In awarding 

12 grants under this section, the Secretary of Defense 

13 shall give special consideration to eligible early-ca14 reer researchers who have followed alternative career 

15 paths such as working part-time or in non-academic 

16 settings, or who have taken a significant career 

17 break or other leave of absence. 

18 (4) DURATION AND AMOUNT.—A grant under 

19 this section shall be 5 years in duration. An eligible 

20 early career-researcher who receives a grant under 

21 this section shall receive $100,000 for each year of 

22 the grant period. 

23 (5) USE OF FUNDS.—An eligible early career24 researcher who receives a grant under this section 

25 shall use the grant funds for basic research in nat-
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1 ural sciences, engineering, mathematics, or computer 

2 sciences at a university, private industry, or feder3 ally-funded research and development center. 

4 (6) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 

5 There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out 

6 this section— 

7 (A) $2,500,000 for fiscal year 2007; 

8 (B) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; 

9 (C) $7,500,000 for fiscal year 2009; 

10 (D) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; and 

11 (E) $12,500,000 for fiscal year 2011. 

12 SEC. 502. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE 

13 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE FOR BASIC RE14 SEARCH. 

15 There is hereby authorized to be appropriated for the 

16 Department of Defense for basic (6.1) research, amounts 

17 for the research, development, test, and evaluation ac18 counts of the Department, and for other accounts of the 

19 Department providing funding for such research, in the 

20 aggregate as follows: 

21 (1) $1,616,000,000 for fiscal year 2007. 

22 (2) $1,778,000,000 for fiscal year 2008. 

23 (3) $1,995,000,000 for fiscal year 2009. 

24 (4) $2,151,000,000 for fiscal year 2010. 

25 (5) $2,364,000,000 for fiscal year 2011. 
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1 (6) $2,602,000,000 for fiscal year 2012. 

2 (7) $2,862,000,000 for fiscal year 2013. 

Æ