United States

Environmental Protection

Agency

Air and Radiation EPA420-P-02-016

November 2002

NR-009b

Exhaust and Crankcase

Emission Factors for

Nonroad Engine Modeling —

Compression-Ignition

 Printed on Recycled Paper
EPA420-P-02-016

November 2002

Exhaust and Crankcase Emission Factors for

Nonroad Engine Modeling — Compression-Ignition

NR-009b

Assessment and Modeling Division

Office of Transportation and Air Quality

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

NOTICE

This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions.

It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available.

The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate the exchange of

technical information and to inform the public of technical developments which

may form the basis for a final EPA decision, position, or regulatory action.
1

Exhaust and Crankcase Emission Factors

 for Nonroad Engine Modeling--

Compression-Ignition

Report No. NR-009b

Revised November 27, 2002

Assessment and Standards Division

EPA, Office of Transportation and Air Quality

Purpose

This report describes and documents exhaust emission factors used for compression

ignition (CI) engines in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) draft

NONROAD2002 emission inventory model. The term “compression ignition” is synonymous

with “diesel” for the purposes of this report. Pollutants covered include hydrocarbons (HC),

carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), particulate matter (PM), carbon dioxide (CO2),

and sulfur dioxide (SO2), as well as brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). All PM emissions

are assumed to be smaller than 10 microns (PM10) and 92% of the PM is assumed to be smaller

than 2.5 microns (PM2.5). The NONROAD Reporting Utility allows the user to select which of

these two size ranges is reported. 

This report covers zero-hour, steady-state emission factors, transient adjustment factors,

and deterioration factors for all diesel-fueled engines. Adjustments to emission rates due to

variations in fuel sulfur level are also included. There are no additional adjustments to CI

emissions for temperature, altitude, or for other fuel parameters. Crankcase HC emission factors

are also covered in this report. Emission factors for spark ignition engines (including gasoline

and natural gas/propane) are covered in a separate report, NR-010C. 

Zero-mile, steady-state emission factors for HC, CO, NOx, PM, and BSFC will be

discussed first, followed by adjustments (where applicable) to account for transient operation,

deterioration, and variations in fuel sulfur level. Derivation of CO2 and SO2 emission factors

follows. Crankcase HC emission factors are then discussed. Prior estimates were documented in 

the previous version of this report and a subsequent memorandum. [1,2]
2

Introduction

The NONROAD model estimates air pollution from more than 80 types of compression

ignition (CI) and spark ignition (SI) nonroad sources including such items as lawnmowers,

motorboats, portable generators and construction equipment. By bringing together information

on equipment populations, equipment use, and emission factors, the NONROAD model

estimates mass emissions of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx),

sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter (PM) and carbon dioxide (CO2) for specific states and

counties for past and future years, providing a flexible tool that can be applied to a wide variety

of air quality modeling and planning functions.

The NONROAD calculations rely on emission factors--estimates of the amount of

pollution emitted by a particular type of equipment during a unit of use. Typically, emission

factors for nonroad sources are reported in grams per horsepower-hour (g/hp-hr), but they also

may be reported in grams per mile, grams per hour, and grams per gallon. The CI emission

factors in the NONROAD model are reported in g/hp-hr and are based on emissions test data

where available, adjusted when necessary to account for in-use operation that differs from the

typical test conditions. These emission factors are stored in NONROAD’s data input files. 

NONROAD adjusts these emission factors as necessary to account for the effects of fuel sulfur.

Emission changes with the age of the engine, often called ‘deterioration,’are also applied by the

model.

If comments on this document or other information gathered during stakeholder and peer

review cause us to refine the CI emission factors, we will document the changes in a subsequent

report.

Emission Standards

In addition to estimating emissions from uncontrolled engines, the NONROAD model is

designed to account for the effect of federal emissions standards. NONROAD will not cover

California emission standards or proposed federal standards that are not yet final. Thus, this

document describes emission factors under two regulations that establish three tiers of emission

standards:

 “Determination of Significance for Nonroad Sources and Emission Standards for New

Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines at or above 37 Kilowatts.” This rule establishes

“Tier 1” standards for CI engines at or above 50 hp (37 kW). [3]

 “Control of Emissions from Nonroad Diesel Engines.” This rule lists “Tier 1” and “Tier

2” standards for CI engines below 50 hp, and “Tier 2” and “Tier 3 ” standards for engines

of 50 hp and greater. [4]
3

There is also now a final rulemaking for large spark-ignition engines (> 25hp) and

recreational engines (both marine and land-based). [5] Since this rulemaking was just published

in November 2002, the final standards for these equipment categories are not included in this

version of the model.

The emission standards with the affected model years are provided in Table 1. Along

with the new engine standards, there are flexibility allowances for equipment manufacturers. 

Under the Percentage Phase-in Allowance provision, a manufacturer may exempt up to a

cumulative total of eighty percent of the production over the first seven years a new standard

applies. This applies separately to each regulatory power category. The engines used in such

exempted equipment will only have to meet the previous standard, which is either the Tier 1

standard in the case of equipment at or above 50 hp, or unregulated in the case of equipment

under 50 hp. For categories of engines where there is an overlap in standards (this only occurs in 

equipment at or above 50 hp), the standard for the exempted equipment continues to be the Tier 1

standard.

For the purposes of emissions modeling, we assumed that the manufacturers took full

advantage of the Percentage Phase-in Allowance provisions. The resulting technology

distributions by hp category and model year are provided in Appendix A, Table A1.

Methodology for Calculation of Emission Factors in NONROAD

For HC, CO, and NOx, the exhaust emission factor for a given diesel equipment type in a

given model year/age is calculated as follows:

 [Equation 1] E F adj HC CO NOx ( , , ) =×× E F ss TAF D F

where:

EFadj = final emission factor used in model, after adjustments to account for transient operation

and deterioration (g/hp-hr)

EFss = zero-hour, steady-state emission factor (g/hp-hr)

TAF = transient adjustment factor (unitless)

DF = deterioration factor (unitless)

The zero-hour, steady-state emission factors (EFss) are mainly a function of model year and

horsepower category, which defines the technology type. The transient adjustment factors

(TAFs) vary by equipment type. The deterioration factor (DF) is a function of the technology

type and age of the engine.
4

 Table 1. Nonroad CI Engine Emission Standards

Engine Power

(hp) Model Year Regulation

Emission Standards (g/hp-hr)

HC NMHC+NOx CO NOx PM

<11 2000-2004 Tier 1 7.8 6.0 0.75

2005+ Tier 2 5.6 6.0 0.60

11 to <25 2000-2004 Tier 1 7.1 4.9 0.60

2005+ Tier 2 5.6 4.9 0.60

25 to <50 1999-2003 Tier 1 7.1 4.1 0.60

2004+ Tier 2 5.6 4.1 0.45

50 to <100 1998-2003 Tier 1 6.9

2004-2007 Tier 2 5.6 3.7 0.30

2008+ Tier 3 3.5 3.7

100 to <175 1997-2002 Tier 1 6.9

2003-2006 Tier 2 4.9 3.7 0.22

2007+ Tier 3 3.0 3.7

175 to <300 1996-2002 Tier 1 1.0 8.5 6.9 0.4

2003-2005 Tier 2 4.9 2.6 0.15

2006+ Tier 3 3.0 2.6

300 to <600 1996-2000 Tier 1 1.0 8.5 6.9 0.4

2001-2005 Tier 2 4.8 2.6 0.15

2006+ Tier 3 3.0 2.6

600 to <750 1996-2001 Tier 1 1.0 8.5 6.9 0.4

2002-2005 Tier 2 4.8 2.6 0.15

2006+ Tier 3 3.0 2.6

750 2000-2005 Tier 1 1.0 8.5 6.9 0.4

2006+ Tier 2 4.8 2.6 0.15
5

Since PM emissions are dependent on the sulfur content of the fuel the engine is burning,

the equation used for PM is slightly modified from equation [1] as follows:

E F adj ( P M ) = × ×− E F ss TAF D F S PMadj [Equation 2]

where:

SPM adj = adjustment to PM emission factor to account for variations in fuel sulfur content

(g/hp-hr)

PM and SO2 are the only diesel pollutants that are dependent on fuel sulfur content.

For BSFC, there is no deterioration applied, so the equation is simplified to:

E Fadj ( BSFC ) = × E Fss TAF [Equation 3]

Emission factors for CO2 and SO2 are calculated based on brake-specific fuel

consumption; therefore, the model does not require CO2 or SO2 emission factor input files. The

equations for computing these emissions are discussed in detail later in this report.

Crankcase HC emissions are simply a fraction (2%) of exhaust HC emissions.

For ease of reference, the model inputs for EFss, TAFs, and DFs are included with the

technology model year fractions in Appendix A.

Zero-Hour, Steady State Emission Factors (EFss)--HC, CO, NOx , PM, and BSFC

 This section describes the steady-state fuel consumption and emission factors for HC,

CO, NOx , and PM. These emission factors are listed in Table A2 in Appendix A. We have used

engine model year and horsepower as categories to group NONROAD emission factors. These

groupings are consistent with emission standards for CI engines with two minor exceptions. One

exception is that the pre-control engines have been split into two groups, pre-1988 MY engines,

and 1988 MY to Tier 1 engines. The pre-1988 MY engines are referred to as “Base” engines and

the 1988 MY to Tier 1 engines are referred to as “Tier 0”engines. This distinction was made

based on data indicating a difference in emission rates. The other exception is a minor difference

in the horsepower categories used in NONROAD versus those used for standard setting. The

NONROAD horsepower categories follow the general formula, x<hpy, whereas the CI

standards follow the formula, xhp<y. By making this minor modification, the NONROAD CI

horsepower categories are consistent with those used for spark ignition equipment. Perhaps for

future versions of NONROAD, emission factors may be distinguished by technologies such as

turbo-charging, fuel metering pumps, and cylinder size; however, there is not enough emissions

data at present to support such distinctions in NONROAD emission factors.
6

As mentioned previously, fuel sulfur levels affect PM emissions. NONROAD users can

adjust for local (episodic) fuel sulfur levels. The adjustment is made relative to the default fuel

sulfur level in the model. NONROAD has a default diesel fuel sulfur level of 0.33 mass percent

(3300 ppm), the national average for nonroad diesel [6], and the Tier 1 and pre-control emission

factors in NONROAD’s input files are intended to be consistent with this default fuel sulfur

level. The available Tier 2 emission factors are intended to be consistent with a default fuel

sulfur level of 0.20 mass percent. Where emission tests were known to have been performed

with fuels with other sulfur contents, the test results have been adjusted, as described in

Appendix C. In addition to adjusting for local fuel sulfur levels, this version of the model allows

the user to input alternative default diesel fuel sulfur levels for Tier 2 and later engines. This will

be described in more detail in a later section of the report.

Due to lack of data, the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) for the 1988-and-later

pre-control (Tier 0) engines is used for all engines, both earlier pre-control engines and later

engines subject to emissions standards. The derivation of the BSFC values is described in

Appendix C. While it is likely that fuel consumption varies between these categories, there is not

sufficient data available at this time for EPA to specify alternate values.

There is little test data available on nonroad engines. In developing the emission factors

for NONROAD, we have considered data from various sources. The basis for the emission

factors by model year/hp category is described below and summarized in Tables 2-5. Compared

to previous versions of the model, this version has updated steady-state emission factor estimates

for Tier 1 and later engines. The steady-state data were obtained using the ISO-C1 8-mode

certification test cycle.

Base (Pre-1988), Engines 50 hp:

There are no known tests of pre-1988 CI engines of less than or equal to 50 hp. Thus,

NONROAD will use the same emission factors as for the 1988 through Tier 1 years for engines

of this size described below.

Base (Pre-1988), Engines > 50 hp:

 For pre-1988 CI engines of greater than 50 hp, NONROAD’s steady-state emission

factors are based on the emission factors used in the Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission

Study (NEVES) [7]. The sources of the emission factors used in NEVES are described in

Appendix B. The emission factors vary by application. However, NEVES includes an

adjustment for in-use operation. Since NONROAD uses a different in-use adjustment factor than

NEVES (see Appendix F), the NEVES adjustment is removed to determine pre-1988 average

steady-state emissions.

Because the testing fuel is generally unknown, we assume that the NEVES PM factors are

appropriate for the default fuel sulfur content of 0.33 wt.% sulfur used in NONROAD.
7

Table 2. Summary of the Basis for the HC Zero-Hour Steady-State CI Emission Factors in Draft NONROAD2002

HP HC g/hp-hr Tier 0* T0 Basis Tier 1 T1 Basis Tier 2** T2 Basis*** Tier 3** T3 Basis***

>0 to 11 1.5 OFFROAD 0.7628 cert 0.5508@ (5) 10% default margin from 0.6 equivalent std (since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used) na

>11 to 16 1.7 OFFROAD 0.4380 cert 0.4380 (3) Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below 0.6 T2 equivalent std) na>16 to 25 1.7 OFFROAD 0.4380 cert 0.4380 (3) Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below 0.6 T2 equivalent std) na>25 to 50 1.8 OFFROAD 0.2789 cert 0.2789 (3) Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below 0.6 T2 equivalent std) na

>50 to 100 0.99 EF data 0.5213 cert 0.3672@ (5) 10% default margin from 0.4 equivalent std (since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used) 0.1836@ (5) 10% margin from 0.2 eqv std

>100 to 175 0.68 EF data 0.3384 cert 0.3384 (3) Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below 0.4 T2 equivalent std) 0.1836@ (5) 10% margin from 0.2 eqv std>175 to 300 0.68 EF data 0.3085 cert 0.3085 (3) Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below 0.4 T2 equivalent std) 0.1836@ (5) 10% margin from 0.2 eqv std>300 to 600 0.68 EF data 0.2025 cert 0.1669 cert 0.1669 (3) Same as T2>600 to 750 0.68 EF data 0.1473 cert 0.1669

(1 and 2) Same as the >300 to 600hp category.Rationale:a) All three HP categories meet same 0.3 HC eqvstd. b) The NOx T1 EFs exceed the T2 std. To meetNOx T2, changes are likely to increase HC. c) EF based on actual cert data.

0.1669 (3) Same as T2

>750 0.68 EF data 0.2861 cert 0.1669 na

* Tier 0 represents 1988+ MY engines for MYs prior to Tier 1. Separate EFs are also provided for Base (pre-1988 MY) engines. For 50hp engines, Base

EF = Tier 0 EF. For >50hp engines, the Base EFs vary by application, so are not provided in this table.** The Tier 2 and Tier 3 standards are expressed as a combined NMHC + NOx standard. The NMHC assumed fractions of these combined standards are

taken from the RIA. The resulting NMHC portion of the combined standard is referred to here as the “equivalent” standard.*** Numbers in brackets correspond to the option selected, which is briefly described here. For more details regarding the options, consult the text.@ An adjustment of 1.02 is also applied to convert from NMHC to THC, since the standards apply to NMHC.
8

Table 3. Summary of the Basis for the CO Zero-Hour Steady-State CI Emission Factors in Draft NONROAD2002

HP CO g/hp-hr Tier 0* T0 Basis Tier 1 T1 Basis Tier 2 T2 Basis** Tier 3 T3 Basis**

>0 to 11 5 OFFROAD 4.1127 cert 4.1127 Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std) na Same as T1

>11 to 16 5 OFFROAD 2.1610 cert 2.1610 Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std) na Same as T1>16 to 25 5 OFFROAD 2.1610 cert 2.1610 Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std) na Same as T1>25 to 50 5 OFFROAD 1.5323 cert 1.5323 Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std) na Same as T1

>50 to 100 3.49 EF data 2.3655 cert 2.3655 Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std) 2.3655 Same as T1

>100 to 175 2.7 EF data 0.8667 cert 0.8667 Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std) 0.8667 Same as T1>175 to 300 2.7 EF data 0.7475 cert 0.7475 Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std) 0.7475 Same as T1>300 to 600 2.7 EF data 1.3060 cert 0.8425 cert 0.8425 Same as T2>600 to 750 2.7 EF data 1.3272 cert 1.3272 Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std) 1.3272 Same as T1

>750 2.7 EF data 0.7642 cert 0.7642 Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std) na

* Tier 0 represents 1988+ MY engines for MYs prior to Tier 1. Separate EFs are also provided for Base (pre-1988 MY) engines. For 50hp engines, Base EF = Tier 0 EF. For >50hp engines, the Base EFs vary by application, so are not provided in this table.

** The Tier 2 and Tier 3 CO emission factors are based on application of option 2, the carryover of emission factors derived fromnonroad certification data. For more detail regarding this option, consult the text.
9

Table 4. Summary of the Basis for the NOx Zero-Hour Steady-State CI Emission Factors in Draft NONROAD2002

HP NOx g/hp-hr Tier 0* T0 Basis Tier 1 T1 Basis Tier 2** T2 Basis*** Tier 3** T3 Basis***

>0 to 11 10 OFFROAD 5.2298 cert 4.3 (4) 14% hwy margin from 5.0 equivalent std (since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used) na

>11 to 16 8.5 OFFROAD 4.4399 cert 4.4399 (3) Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below 5.0 T2 equivalent std) na>16 to 25 8.5 OFFROAD 4.4399 cert 4.4399 (3) Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below 5.0 T2 equivalent std) na>25 to 50 6.9 OFFROAD 4.7279 cert 4.7279 (3) Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below 5.0 T2 equivalent std) na

>50 to 100 8.30 EF data 5.5988 cert 4.7 (5) 10% default margin from 5.2 T2 equiv std (since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used) 3.0 (5) 10% margin from 3.3 eqv std

>100 to 175 8.38 EF data 5.6523 cert 4.1 (5) 10% default margin from 4.5 T2 equiv std (since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used) 2.5 (5) 10% margin from 2.8 eqv std>175 to 300 8.38 EF data 5.5772 cert 4.0 (4) 10.5% hwy margin from 4.5 T2 equivalent std (since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used) 2.5 (4) 10.5% hwy margin from 2.8 eqv std>300 to 600 8.38 EF data 6.0153 cert 4.3351 cert (real data preferred even though margin from 4.5 eqv T2 std <10%) 2.5 (5) 10% margin from 2.8 eqv std>600 to 750 8.38 EF data 5.8215 cert 4.1 (5) 10% default margin from 4.5 T2 equiv std (since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used) 2.5 (5) 10% margin from 2.8 eqv std

>750 8.38 EF data 6.1525 cert 4.1 (5) 10% default margin from 4.5 T2 equiv std (since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used) na

* Tier 0 represents 1988+ MY engines for MYs prior to Tier 1. Separate EFs are also provided for Base (pre-1988 MY) engines. For 50hp engines, Base

EF = Tier 0 EF. For >50hp engines, the Base EFs vary by application, so are not provided in this table.** The Tier 2 and Tier 3 standards are expressed as a combined NMHC + NOx standard. The NOx assumed fractions of these combined standards are taken

from the RIA. The resulting NOx portion of the combined standard is referred to here as the “equivalent” standard.

*** Numbers in brackets correspond to the option selected, which is briefly described here. For more details regarding the options, consult the text. Thederivation of the highway-based compliance margins are discussed in Appendix E.
10

Table 5. Summary of the Basis for the PM Zero-Hour Steady-State CI Emission Factors in Draft NONROAD2002

HP PM g/hp-hr Tier 0* T0 Basis Tier 1 T1 Basis Tier 2 T2 Basis** Tier 3 T3 Basis**

>0 to 11 1 OFFROAD 0.4474 cert 0.50

(1) The NOx T1 EF exceeds the T2 std. To meetNOx T2, changes are likely to increase PM. TheT2 PM EF is therefore expected to be greaterthan 0.44 (T1 EF) and less than 0.60 (T2 std);0.50 chosen as a reasonable value.

na

>11 to 16 0.9 OFFROAD 0.2665 cert 0.2665 (3) Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std) na>16 to 25 0.9 OFFROAD 0.2665 cert 0.2665 (3) Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std) na>25 to 50 0.8 OFFROAD 0.3389 cert 0.3389 (3) Same as T1 (since T1 EF still below T2 std) na

>50 to 100 0.722 EF data 0.4730 0.24 (4) 20% highway-based margin from std (since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used) 0.30 (1) T3 std

>100 to 175 0.402 EF data 0.2799 0.18 (4) 20% highway-based margin from std (since T1 EF exceeds T2 std, cannot be used) 0.22 (1) T3 std>175 to 300 0.402 EF data 0.2521 cert 0.1316

(2) T2 EF for >300 to 600hp category applied tothese hp categories. Rationale: All four hpcategories meet same PM std. Also, T2 EF of0.1316 based on actual certification data.

0.15 (1) T3 std

>300 to 600 0.402 EF data 0.2008 cert 0.1316 0.15 (1) T3 std>600 to 750 0.402 EF data 0.2201 cert 0.1316 0.15 (1) T3 std

>750 0.402 EF data 0.1934 cert 0.1316 na

* Tier 0 represents 1988+ MY engines for MYs prior to Tier 1. Separate EFs are also provided for Base (pre-1988 MY) engines. For 50hp engines, Base

EF = Tier 0 EF. For >50hp engines, the Base EFs vary by application, so are not provided in this table.

** Numbers in brackets correspond to the option selected, which is briefly described here. For more details regarding the options, consult the text. The

derivation of the highway-based compliance margins are discussed in Appendix E.
11

A conversion from gram per gallon to gram per horsepower-hr was made to NEVES

emission rates for the greater than 50 horsepower engines for the diesel recreational marine

categories; inboard, outboard, and sailboat auxiliary. Outboard and sailboat auxiliary

engines above 50 hp were converted from the NEVES gram per gallon to gram per

horsepower using the higher fuel consumption of 0.408 lbs/hp-hr and 7.1 lbs/gallon fuel

density because these engines are primarily less than 100 hp. The NEVES emission rate for

inboard engines was converted using the lower fuel consumption rate of 0.367 lbs/hp-hr

because these engines are primarily above 100 horsepower.

Tier 0 (1988 to Tier 1), Engines 50 hp

For 1988-and-later pre-control engines less than or equal to 50 hp, we will use the

emission factors described in the documentation for ARB’s OFF-ROAD model. [8] We

have combined the direct injection and indirect injection factors using the technology

fractions listed in the Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) for the emission standards. [9]

Again, because the sulfur content of fuels used in generating these emission factors is

unknown, we have assumed that the PM emission factors are appropriate for the default fuel

sulfur level of 0.33 weight percent.

Tier 0 (1988 to Tier 1), Engines >50 hp

Recent studies have indicated that, in general, emission rates from Tier 0 engines 

greater than 50 hp are lower than for Tier 0 engines less than or equal to 50 hp. For these

engines, we will use emission factors calculated from recent studies. A summary of the

emission data from these studies is provided in Appendix C. As explained in Appendix C, a

correction for fuel sulfur content is applied.

Tier 1 Engines , all hp categories

The NONROAD model’s emission factors for Tier 1 engines are based on EPA

certification data. The certification data are described in Appendix D.

Tier 2 Engines, >300 to 600 hp

Since EPA certification data are available for this hp category, the emission factors

are based on analysis of the certification data, as described in Appendix D.

Tier 2 Engines 300 hp and > 600 hp and Tier 3 Engines

Certification data are not yet available for these categories. As a result, we

developed five alternative options for calculating zero mile, steady-state emission factors for

these engines. These options were considered in the order they are presented here.

(1) Examine likely impacts of expected technology changes. In this option, we consider

offsetting changes to PM and HC with implementation of stricter emission standards

for NOx. This includes assigning the applicable standard as the PM emission factor

without applying a compliance margin. The compliance margin is the percent

difference between a standard and average emissions at certification for engines
12

manufactured under that standard.

(2) Assign an emission factor from another hp category. In this option, we assume that

an emission factor based on certification data is applicable to another hp category

and is preferable to applying a compliance margin to the applicable nonroad

standard.

(3) Continue to use the Tier 1 or Tier 2 emission factors derived from the nonroad

certification data. In this option, we assume that manufacturers will maintain

current emission levels, e.g., design technologies, if they appear adequate to achieve

compliance while maintaining some margin of safety. Under this option, we would

assume that emission factors remain at the same levels used for Tier 1 or Tier 2

engines.

This option was only considered if the compliance margin (percent difference)

between the proposed emission factor and the applicable nonroad standard was at

least 10%. We based this lower bound (10%) on average highway-certification

compliance margins for NOx, assuming that it represents progressive highway

certification experience for a “controlling pollutant,” i.e., a pollutant for which the

necessity to achieve compliance drives innovation in engine design or control

technology.

(4) Reduce the applicable nonroad standard by a compliance margin derived from

certification test results for analogous highway engines. We expect that the control

of emissions from nonroad engines will follow a course similar to that experienced

for highway engines, since we believe that as standards for nonroad engines become

more stringent, manufacturers will adopt technologies similar to those already

introduced in highway engines. Based on this expectation, we calculated compliance

margins using highway standards and corresponding highway certification test

results. In this discussion, we will refer to compliance margins calculated for

highway engines as “highway-certification compliance margins” (HCCM). The

derivation of the HCCMs is discussed in detail in Appendix E. An HCCM is only

considered for use if it is greater than or equal to 10% and less than 75%.

(5) Apply a default compliance margin of 10%. In this option, we assume that on

average, manufacturers will maintain a minimum compliance margin. This margin is

based on average highway certification compliance margins for NOx, the pollutant

appearing to drive measures to achieve compliance in highway diesel engines. A

default compliance margin was considered when the highway-based compliance

margins were outside the acceptable range. With this option, the applicable nonroad

standard is simply reduced by 10%.

The Agency regulates HC and NOx under a combined standard for all Tier 2 and Tier
13

3 engines. Thus, in order to apply compliance margins for these pollutants, where

applicable, we split the combined standard into pollutant-specific components for HC and

NOx. These are presented in Table 6.

For each pollutant in Tiers 2 and 3, we evaluated one or more of these five options 

for each horsepower category. The specific options selected for each pollutant and Tier are

presented in Tables 2-5 and summarized below:

HC: Tier 2: For categories less than 300 hp, we continued to use the Tier 1 nonroad

certification results (option 3) or applied the default compliance margin (option 5) on

an individual basis by horsepower category to give nonroad compliance margins of

at least 10%. We did not use the highway-certification compliance margins because

they were unrealistically large (> 80%), and achieved in relation to highway

standards that are several times higher than their pollutant-specific nonroad

counterparts.

For the two hp categories greater than 600 hp, we assigned the emission factor for

the 300-600 hp category. The rationale, which applies options 1 and 2, is threefold:

1) all three hp categories meet the same HC equivalent standard, 2) the use of

certification data is preferable to applying a compliance margin, and 3) changes

necessary to meet the Tier 2 NOx standard for the 600-750 hp category are likely to

increase HC, so a slight increase in HC emissions from Tier 1 to Tier 2 for this hp

category is not unexpected.

Tier 3: We continued to use the Tier 2 nonroad certification results (option 3) or

applied the default compliance margin (option 5) to give nonroad compliance

margins of at least 10%. We ruled out use of highway-certification compliance

margins (option 4) for the same reason as for Tier 2.

CO: Tiers 2 and 3: We continued to use the Tier 1 nonroad certification results (option 2)

for all horsepower categories in Tiers 2 and 3. Highway-certification compliance

margins (option 4) were very large (>90%), and as with HC, give implausibly low

emission factors in Tiers 2 and 3.

NOx: Tier 2: We applied highway-certification compliance margins (option 4), continued

to use the Tier 1 nonroad certification results (option 3) or applied the default

compliance margin (option 5) on an individual basis by horsepower category to give

compliance margins of at least 10%.

Tier 3: We applied the highway certification compliance margin (option 4) or the

default compliance margin (option 5) for all horsepower categories. Nonroad

certification results (option 3) did not provide adequate compliance margins.
14

Table 6. Tier 2 and Tier 3 Combined and Estimated Pollutant-Specific Emissions

Standards for Nonroad Diesel Engines1

Power Range

(hp)

Combined Standard

HC+NOx

(g/hp-hr)

Estimated 

Pollutant-Specific

 HC 

(g/hp-hr)

Estimated 

Pollutant-Specific

 NOx

(g/hp-hr)

Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 2 Tier 3

< 11 5.6 0.6 5.0

11 to <25 5.6 0.6 5.0

25 to <50 5.6 0.6 5.0

50 to <100 5.6 3.5 0.4 0.2 5.2 3.3

100 to <175 4.9 3.0 0.4 0.2 4.5 2.8

175 to <300 4.9 3.0 0.4 0.2 4.5 2.8

300 to <600 4.8 3.0 0.3 0.2 4.5 2.8

600 to <750 4.8 3.0 0.3 0.2 4.5 2.8

750 4.8 0.3 4.5

1

 Pollutant-specific components have no regulatory significance and are derived to facilitate

modeling analyses.

Basis for Pollutant-Specific HC and NOx Emission Standards:

Tier 2 <50 hp: As in the RIA [9], EPA assumes minimum HC emissions of 0.6 g/hp-hr

based on ARB data on indirect injection (IDI) engines under 25 hp. This rate is then

subtracted from the combined HC+NOx standard to split the standard into single pollutant

emission factors.

Tier 2 50 hp: As in the RIA [9], the proposed European NOx standard is used to split the

combined HC+NOx standard into single pollutant emission factors.

Tier 3: NONROAD follows the RIA [9] in using engineering judgment to assume minimum

HC emissions of 0.2 g/hp-hr. This rate is then subtracted from the combined HC+NOx

standard to split the standard into single pollutant emission factors.
15

PM: Tier 2: We applied the first four options on an individual basis by horsepower

category to give compliance margins of at least 10%. The highway-certification

compliance margin used for the 50-100 hp and 100-175 hp categories was 20%.

Tier 3: Tier 3 PM emission factors were set equal to the appropriate nonroad

standards. To meet the NOx Tier 3 standards, technological changes are likely to

increase PM; therefore, compliance margins were not applied to PM (option 1).

The resulting zero-hour, steady-state emission factors for all Tiers and pollutants are

shown in Table A2 in Appendix A.

Recreational Marine and Underground Mining Emission Factors

Recreational marine CI engines over 50 hp were recently subject to EPA emission

regulations [5], so the emission factor inputs used for these engines do not exactly follow

those presented in Tables 2 - 5. Since this rulemaking was just published in November

2002, the standards for this equipment category are not included in this version of the model. 

Table 7 shows the recreational marine emission factors now in draft NONROAD2002.

Table 7. Recreational Marine Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)

THC (exh) CO NOx PM

>50 hp 0.22 0.95 6.67 0.163

Although underground mining equipment emissions are not controlled by EPA, there

have been controls imposed by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 

The OSHA standards do not directly follow the form used for the NONROAD model, but

they are considered approximately equivalent to the EPA Tier 2 standards for land-based CI

equipment. Therefore, the NONROAD model simply uses the NEVES uncontrolled

emission factors for Base, Tier 0, and Tier 1 underground mining inputs, and then applies

the Tier 2 emission factors from Tables 2 - 5 for all newer engines. 

Transient Adjustment Factors--HC, CO, NOx, PM, and BSFC

Nonroad engines are primarily tested with steady-state tests. However, the steadystate operation typically used for emission testing is not always representative of the

operation of engines in many nonroad applications. Some of the differences can be due to

load or engine speed, and other differences can be due to transient demands. We will apply

“transient adjustment factors” (“TAFs”) to the steady-state emission factors previously

described.
16

TAF

E F

E F

trans

ss

=

We calculate the TAF as the ratio of the transient emission factor (EFtrans) to the

corresponding steady-state (ISO-C1) emission factor (EFss):

Transient adjustment factors may be greater than or less than 1.0.

The derivation and application of the TAFs, including the test data used, are

described in more detail in Appendix F. Appendix F also compares the TAF methodology

and data used for draft NONROAD2002 with previous versions of the model.

Table A3 presents the resulting TAFs assigned to each equipment application. The

steady-state emission factors given in Table A2 were then multiplied by the appropriate

TAFs to create NONROAD’s emission factor input files for CI engines. If viewing the

emission factor input files, please note that these include fields for technology types

corresponding to expected/proposed regulations, but at this time the emission factors listed

there are not used and are shown as being the same as the emission factors for existing

standards (E.g., diesel T4 entries equal T3). When any final regulations are promulgated,

EPA will provide updated emission factor and technology phase-in files that contain the

appropriate inputs.

Deterioration Factors--HC, CO, NOx, and PM

The NONROAD model addresses the effects of deterioration in the inventory

calculation by multiplying a zero hour emission factor for each category of engine by a

deterioration factor, DF (see equation 1 above). DF varies as a function of engine age. The

following equation is used to calculate DF as a function of engine age:

DF = 1 + A * (Age Factor)b for Age Factor  1 [Equation 4]

DF = 1 + A for Age Factor > 1

where: Age Factor = fraction of median life expended = (cumulative hours * load factor)

 median life at full load, in hours

A, b = constants for a given pollutant/technology type; b 1.

Deterioration is capped at the end of an engine’s median life (age factor =1), under the

assumption that an engine deteriorates to a point where any increased deterioration is offset

by maintenance.

The constants A and b can be varied to approximate a wide range of deterioration

patterns. “A” can be varied to reflect differences in maximum deterioration. For example,
17

setting A equal to 2.0 would result in emissions at the engine’s median life being three times

the emissions when new (DF = 1 + 2). The shape of the deterioration function is determined

by the second constant, “b.” This constant can be set at any level between zero and 1.0. For

compression-ignition engines, b is always equal to 1.0. This results in a linear deterioration

pattern, in which the rate of deterioration is constant throughout the median life of an

engine.

Due to lack of deterioration data for nonroad compression-ignition engines, the

deterioration factors are based on data derived from highway engines. The derivation of the

constant “A” for compression-ignition engines is described in Appendix G and the resulting

deterioration factors (i.e., the constants “A”) are given in Table A4.

Sulfur Adjustment for PM Emissions (SPMadj)

Since PM emissions are dependent on the sulfur content of the fuel, an adjustment

(SPM adj) is subtracted from the PM emission factor to account for variations in fuel sulfur

content (see equation 2 above). SPM adj corrects PM emissions from the default fuel sulfur

level to the episodic fuel sulfur level and is calculated using the following equation:

SPM adj = BSFC * 453.6 * 7.0 * soxcnv * 0.01 * (soxbas - soxdsl) [Equation 5]

where: SPM adj = PM sulfur adjustment (g/hp-hr)

BSFC = in-use adjusted brake-specific fuel consumption (lb fuel/hp-hr)

453.6 = conversion from lb to grams

7.0 = grams PM sulfate/grams PM sulfur

soxcnv = grams PM sulfur/grams fuel sulfur consumed = 0.02247 for diesel

0.01= conversion from percent to fraction

soxbas = default fuel sulfur weight percent = 0.33 for diesel

soxdsl = episodic fuel sulfur weight percent (specified by user)

Derivation of the soxcnv term is described in Appendix C.

This version of the model also allows the user to input alternative default diesel fuel

sulfur levels (soxbas) for Tier 2 and Tier 3 engines. This is a feature added to the opt file,

but not available through the GUI; therefore, this feature can only be exercised by changing

the opt file.

Note that this version of the model corrects errors in the equation to adjust diesel PM

for fuel sulfur. In previous versions, the (soxbas - soxdsl) term above was expressed as

(0.0033-soxdsl) when the proper term should have been (0.33-soxdsl), since soxdsl is in

terms of weight percent. There were also some mismatched units and the conversion from

g/hp-hr to g/hr was missing the load factor term. The net effect of making these corrections

was to lower diesel PM by roughly 30-40 percent.
18

Sample Calculation--EF adj

The following example illustrates how emission factors are calculated in

NONROAD.

Example: Calculate the PM emission factor for a three year old 100-175 hp diesel excavator

in 2003. The episodic diesel fuel sulfur level is 2500 ppm. (In NONROAD, three year old

equipment in 2003 translates to equipment made in model year 2001, since the calendar year

of interest is assigned age =1 year).

Needed inputs: For 100-175 hp, MY2001 = Tier 1 (from Table 1)

100-175 hp, Tier 1 PM EFss = 0.2799 g/hp-hr (from Table A2)

Excavator, Tier 1 PM TAF = 1.23 (from Table A3)

Tier 1 PM Deterioration “A” = 0.473 (from Table A4)

The deterioration factor, DF, is calculated as:

 DF = 1 + A*(cumulative hours * load factor) [Equation 4]

 median life at full load, in hours

where: Diesel excavator activity = 1092 hours/year (from activity.dat input file)

Diesel excavator load factor = 0.59 (from activity.dat input file)

Diesel excavator median life = 4667 hours (from us.pop input file)

Cumulative hours = age * activity = 3*1092 = 3276 hours

Substituting the above values into the equation yields:

DF = 1 + 0.473*(3276 * 0.59) = 1 + 0.473 * 0.414 = 1.196

 4667

The sulfur adjustment factor, SPM adj, is calculated as:

SPM adj = BSFC * 453.6 * 7.0 * soxcnv * 0.01 * (soxbas - soxdsl) [Equation 5]

where: BSFC = 100-175 hp BSFCss * Excavator BSFC TAF = 0.367*1.01 = 0.371

(BSFCss from Table A2 and BSFC TAF from Table A3)

soxcnv = 0.02247

soxbas = 0.3300

soxdsl = 0.2500
19

Substituting the values into the equation yields:

SPM adj = 0.371* 453.6 * 7.0 * 0.02247 * 0.01 * (0.33 - 0.25) = 0.0212 g/hp-hr

The resulting adjusted emission factor is calculated as follows:

EF adj(PM) = EFss * TAF * DF - SPMadj

 = (0.2799 * 1.23 * 1.196) - 0.0212

 = 0.39 g/hp-hr

Emission Factors--CO2 and SO2

Emission factors for CO2 and SO2 are rarely measured, instead they typically are

calculated based on brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC).

The NONROAD model uses in-use adjusted BSFC to compute CO2 emissions

directly, as shown in the equation below. The carbon that goes to exhaust HC emissions is

subtracted. This does not require a CO2 emission factors input file.

 CO2 = (BSFC * 453.6* - HC) * 0.87 * (44/12) [Equation 6]

where

CO2 is in g/hp-hr

BSFC is the in-use adjusted fuel consumption in lb/hp-hr

453.6 is the conversion factor from pounds to grams

HC is the in-use adjusted hydrocarbon emissions in g/hp-hr

0.87 is the carbon mass fraction of diesel

44/12 is the ratio of CO2 mass to carbon mass

The model does not require an SO2 emission factors input file either. EPA will

calculate SO2 emission factors as shown in the equation below.

 SO2 = (BSFC * 453.6* (1 - soxcnv) - HC) * 0.01 * soxdsl * 2 [Equation 7]

where

SO2 is in g/hp-hr

BSFC is the in-use adjusted fuel consumption in lb/hp-hr

453.6 is the conversion factor from pounds to grams

soxcnv is the fraction of fuel sulfur converted to direct PM

HC is the in-use adjusted hydrocarbon emissions in g/hp-hr

0.01 is the conversion factor from weight percent to weight fraction

soxdsl is the episodic weight percent of sulfur in nonroad diesel fuel

2 is the grams of SO2 formed from a gram of sulfur
20

This equation includes corrections for the fraction of sulfur that is converted to direct

PM and for the fraction of sulfur remaining in unburned fuel. This equation assumes that

the unburned fuel, as indicated by HC emissions, has the same sulfur level as the base fuel.

Note that this version of the model corrects errors in the equation to calculate SO2

emissions. In previous versions, the conversion from g/hp-hr to g/hr was missing the load

factor term. The net effect of making this correction was to lower SO2 by roughly 40-50

percent.

Crankcase HC Emission Factors

Crankcase emissions are those emissions that escape from the combustion chamber

past the piston rings into the crankcase. For diesel engines with open crankcases,

NONROAD assumes the crankcase HC emission factor is equal to 2.0% of the exhaust HC

emission factor. This estimate was obtained from NEVES [7], and is based on data from

on-highway engines. These percentages are applied to the final calculated exhaust emission

factors, so the resulting crankcase emission factors include the same percentage deterioration

as used for exhaust HC. Crankcase emission factors for all fuel types are discussed in NR012a, “Basic Evaporative Emission Rates for Nonroad Engine Modeling.”
21

References

[1] EPA, “Exhaust Emission Factors for Nonroad Engine Modeling–CompressionIgnition,” Report No. NR-009A, June 15, 1998.

[2] Wilcox, Richard. “Changes to the NONROAD Model for the April 2000 Version Used

in Support of the 2007 Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Rule, “ Memorandum to Docket A-99-06,

May 31, 2000.

[3] 59 FR 31306, June 17, 1994.

[4] 63 FR 56967, October 23, 1998.

[5] EPA, “Control of Emissions From Nonroad Large Spark-Ignition Engines and

Recreational Engines (Marine and Land-Based); Final Rule,” 67 FR 68241, November 8,

2002.

[6] Korotney, David. “Estimates for In-Use Nonroad Diesel Fuel Levels,” Memorandum to

Docket A-96-40. July 1, 1997.

[7] EPA, “Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study” (NEVES), U.S. EPA, Office of

Air and Radiation, 21A-2001. November, 1991.

[8] EEA, “Documentation of Input Factors for the New Off-Road Mobile Source Emissions

Inventory Model,” (“Inputs...”) Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc. for California Air

Resources Board. February, 1997.

[9] EPA, “Final Regulatory Impact Analysis: Control of Emissions from Nonroad Diesel

Engines,” August, 1998.
A1

Appendix A

CI Inputs for Draft NONROAD2002:

Technology Distributions

Zero-Hour, Steady-State Emission Factors

Transient Adjustment Factors

Deterioration Factors
A2

Table A1. Nonroad CI Technology Distributions by HP Category and Model Year*

Engine Power

(hp) Model Year

Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type

Base** Tier 0** Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3

25 Pre-1988 1.000

1988-1999 1.000

2000-2001 0.200 0.800

2002-2004 0.100 0.900

2005 0.100 0.900

2006+ 1.000

>25 to 50 Pre-1988 1.000

1988-1998 1.000

1999-2000 0.200 0.800

2001-2003 0.100 0.900

2004 0.100 0.900

2005+ 1.000

>50 to 100 Pre-1998 1.000

1988-1997 1.000

1998-2003 1.000

2004-2005 0.200 0.800

2006-2007 0.100 0.900

2008-2009 0.100 0.900

2010+ 1.000

>100 to 175 Pre-1998 1.000

1988-1996 1.000

1997-2002 1.000

2003-2004 0.200 0.800

2005-2006 0.100 0.900

2007-2008 0.100 0.900

2009+ 1.000
 Table A1 Nonroad CI Technology Distributions by HP Category and Model Year (cont.)*

Engine Power

(hp) Model Year

Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type

Base** Tier 0** Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3

A3

>175 to 300 Pre-1988 1.000

1988-1995 1.000

1996-2002 1.000

2003-2004 0.200 0.800

2005 0.100 0.900

2006-2008 0.100 0.900

2009+ 1.000

>300 to 600 Pre-1988 1.000

1988-1995 1.000

1996-2000 1.000

2001-2002 0.200 0.800

2003-2005 0.100 0.900

2006 0.100 0.900

2007+ 1.000

>600 to 750 Pre-1988 1.000

1988-1995 1.000

1996-2001 1.000

2002-2003 0.200 0.800

2004-2005 0.100 0.900

2006-2007 0.100 0.900

2008+ 1.000

>750 Pre-1988 1.000

1988-1999 1.000

2000-2005 1.000

2006-2007 0.300 0.700

2008 0.200 0.800

2009+ 1.000

* Used in the draft 2002 version of NONROAD. The technology fractions are contained in the

tech.dat model file. Blank cells have a technology fraction of 0.000. 

 ** Base = pre-control, pre-1988 MY engines. Tier 0 = pre-control 1988+ MY engines prior to Tier

1.
A4

 Table A2. Zero-Hour, Steady-State Emission Factors for Nonroad CI Engines*

Engine

Power (hp)

Technology

Type

BSFC 

(lb/hp-hr)

Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)

HC CO NOx PM

>0 to 11 Base 0.408** 1.5 5.0 10.0 1.0

Tier 0 1.5 5.0 10.0 1.0

Tier 1 0.7628 4.1127 5.2298 0.4474

Tier 2 0.5508 4.1127 4.3 0.50

>11 to 16 Base 0.408** 1.7 5.0 8.5 0.9

Tier 0 1.7 5.0 8.5 0.9

Tier 1 0.4380 2.1610 4.4399 0.2665

Tier 2 0.4380 2.1610 4.4399 0.2665

>16 to 25 Base 0.408** 1.7 5.0 8.5 0.9

Tier 0 1.7 5.0 8.5 0.9

Tier 1 0.4380 2.1610 4.4399 0.2665

Tier 2 0.4380 2.1610 4.4399 0.2665

>25 to 50 Base 0.408** 1.8 5.0 6.9 0.8

Tier 0 1.8 5.0 6.9 0.8

Tier 1 0.2789 1.5323 4.7279 0.3389

Tier 2 0.2789 1.5323 4.7279 0.3389

>50 to 100 Base 0.408 Vary by application, see NEVES

Tier 0 0.99 3.49 6.9 0.722

Tier 1 0.5213 2.3655 5.5988 0.4730

Tier 2 0.3672 2.3655 4.7 0.24

Tier 3 0.1836 2.3655 3.0 0.30

>100 to 175 Base 0.367 Vary by application, see NEVES

Tier 0 0.68 2.70 8.38 0.402

Tier 1 0.3384 0.8667 5.6523 0.2799

Tier 2 0.3384 0.8667 4.1 0.18

Tier 3 0.1836 0.8667 2.5 0.22
A5

 Table A2. Zero-Hour, Steady-State Emission Factors for Nonroad CI Engines (cont.)*

Engine

Power (hp)

Technology

Type

BSFC 

(lb/hp-hr)

Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)

HC CO NOx PM

>175 to 300 Base 0.367 Vary by application, see NEVES

Tier 0 0.68 2.70 8.38 0.402

Tier 1 0.3085 0.7475 5.5772 0.2521

Tier 2 0.3085 0.7475 4.0 0.1316

Tier 3 0.1836 0.7475 2.5 0.15

>300 to 600 Base 0.367 Vary by application, see NEVES

Tier 0 0.68 2.70 8.38 0.402

Tier 1 0.2025 1.3060 6.0153 0.2008

Tier 2 0.1669 0.8425 4.3351 0.1316

Tier 3 0.1669 0.8425 2.5 0.15

>600 to 750 Base 0.367 Vary by application, see NEVES

Tier 0 0.68 2.70 8.38 0.402

Tier 1 0.1473 1.3272 5.8215 0.2201

Tier 2 0.1669 1.3272 4.1 0.1316

Tier 3 0.1669 1.3272 2.5 0.15

>750 Base 0.367 Vary by application, see NEVES

Tier 0 0.68 2.70 8.38 0.402 

Tier 1 0.2861 0.7642 6.1525 0.1934

Tier 2 0.1669 0.7642 4.1 0.1316

*Prior to listing in NONROAD input files, these ISO-C1 emission factors are adjusted for

in-use operation as explained in Appendix F. The emission factors in the input files are

rounded to two decimal places. These emission factors do not apply to recreational marine

CI engines over 50 hp, which are: 0.22 HC, 0.95 CO, 6.67 NOx, and 0.163 PM g/hp-hr. 

Underground mining equipment inputs are just the Base (NEVES) and Tier 2 values from

this table. 

**BSFC for engines <50 hp is assumed to be the same as 50-100 hp engines
A6

Table A3. Transient Adjustment Factors by Equipment Type for Nonroad CI Equipment

SCC Equipment Type Cycle TAF Assignment HC CO NOx PM BSFC

All Tiers All Tiers Base, T0-T2 Tier 3* Base, T0-T2 Tier 3* All Tiers

2270001000 Recreational Vehicles All Backhoe Lo LF 2.29 2.57 1.10 1.21 1.97 2.37 1.182270001020 Recreational Vehicles Snowmobiles None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270001030 Recreational Vehicles All Terrain Vehicles None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270001040 Recreational Vehicles Minibikes None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270001050 Recreational Vehicles Golf Carts None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270001060 Recreational Vehicles Speciality Vehicle Carts Backhoe Lo LF 2.29 2.57 1.10 1.21 1.97 2.37 1.182270002003 Construction Equipment Pavers Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002006 Construction Equipment Tampers/Rammers None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270002009 Construction Equipment Plate Compactors None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270002015 Construction Equipment Rollers Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002018 Construction Equipment Scrapers Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002021 Construction Equipment Paving Equipment Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002024 Construction Equipment Surfacing Equipment Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002027 Construction Equipment Signal Boards None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270002030 Construction Equipment Trenchers Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002033 Construction Equipment Bore/Drill Rigs None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270002036 Construction Equipment Excavators Excavator Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002039 Construction Equipment Concrete/Industrial Saws Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002042 Construction Equipment Cement & Mortar Mixers None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270002045 Construction Equipment Cranes None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270002048 Construction Equipment Graders Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002051 Construction Equipment Off-highway Trucks Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002054 Construction Equipment Crushing/Proc. Equipment None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270002057 Construction Equipment Rough Terrain Forklifts RTLoader Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002060 Construction Equipment Rubber Tire Loaders RTLoader Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002063 Construction Equipment Rubber Tire Dozers Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002066 Construction Equipment 

Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes

Backhoe Lo LF 2.29 2.57 1.10 1.21 1.97 2.37 1.18

2270002069 Construction Equipment Crawler Dozer Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002072 Construction Equipment Skid Steer Loaders SSLoader Lo LF 2.29 2.57 1.10 1.21 1.97 2.37 1.182270002075 Construction Equipment Off-Highway Tractors Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270002078 Construction Equipment Dumpers/Tenders Backhoe Lo LF 2.29 2.57 1.10 1.21 1.97 2.37 1.182270002081 Construction Equipment Other Construction

Equipment

Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.01

2270003010 Industrial Equipment Aerial Lifts Backhoe Lo LF 2.29 2.57 1.10 1.21 1.97 2.37 1.18
Table A3. Transient Adjustment Factors by Equipment Type for Nonroad CI Equipment

SCC Equipment Type Cycle TAF Assignment HC CO NOx PM BSFC

All Tiers All Tiers Base, T0-T2 Tier 3* Base, T0-T2 Tier 3* All Tiers

A7

2270003020 Industrial Equipment Forklifts RTLoader Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270003030 Industrial Equipment Sweepers/Scrubbers None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270003040 Industrial Equipment Other General Industrial

Equipment

None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.00

2270003050 Industrial Equipment Other Material Handling

Equipment

Backhoe Lo LF 2.29 2.57 1.10 1.21 1.97 2.37 1.18

2270003060 Industrial Equipment AC\Refrigeration None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270003070 Terminal Tractors Crawler Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270004000 Lawn & Garden Equipment ALL None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270004010 Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn mowers

(Residential)

None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.00

2270004011 Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn mowers

(Commercial)

None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.00

2270004015 Lawn & Garden Equipment Rotary Tillers < 6 HP None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270004016 Lawn & Garden Equipment Rotary Tillers < 6 HP

(Commercial)

None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.00

2270004020 Lawn & Garden Equipment Chain Saws < 6 HP None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270004021 Lawn & Garden Equipment Chain Saws < 6 HP

(Commercial)

None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.00

2270004025 Lawn & Garden Equipment Trimmers/Edgers/Brush

Cutters

None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.00

2270004026 Lawn & Garden Equipment Trimmers/Edgers/Brush

Cutters (Commercial)

None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.00

2270004030 Lawn & Garden Equipment Leafblowers/Vacuums None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270004031 Lawn & Garden Equipment Leafblowers/Vacuums

(Commercial)

None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.00

2270004035 Lawn & Garden Equipment Snowblowers None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270004036 Lawn & Garden Equipment Snowblowers 

(Commercial)

None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.00

2270004040 Lawn & Garden Equipment Rear Engine Riding

Mowers

None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.00

2270004041 Lawn & Garden Equipment Rear Engine Riding

Mowers (Commercial)

None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.00

2270004045 Lawn & Garden Equipment Front Mowers None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270004046 Lawn & Garden Equipment Front Mowers

(Commercial)

None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.00

2270004050 Lawn & Garden Equipment Shredders < 6 HP None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.00
Table A3. Transient Adjustment Factors by Equipment Type for Nonroad CI Equipment

SCC Equipment Type Cycle TAF Assignment HC CO NOx PM BSFC

All Tiers All Tiers Base, T0-T2 Tier 3* Base, T0-T2 Tier 3* All Tiers

A8

2270004051 Lawn & Garden Equipment Shredders < 6 HP

(Commercial)

None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.00

2270004055 Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn & Garden

Tractors

None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.00

2270004056 Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn & Garden

Tractors (Commercial)

None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.00

2270004060 Lawn & Garden Equipment Wood Splitters None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270004061 Lawn & Garden Equipment Wood Splitters

(Commercial)

None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.00

2270004065 Lawn & Garden Equipment Chippers/Stump

Grinders

None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.00

2270004066 Lawn & Garden Equipment Chippers/Stump

Grinders (Commercial)

None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.00

2270004071 Lawn & Garden Equipment Commercial Turf

Equipment (Commercial)

None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.00

2270004075 Lawn & Garden Equipment Other Lawn & Garden

Equipment

None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.00

2270004076 Lawn & Garden Equipment Other Lawn & Garden

Equipment (Commercial)

None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.00

2270005010 Farm Equipment 2-Wheel Tractors AgTractor Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270005015 Farm Equipment Agricultural Tractors AgTractor Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270005020 Farm Equipment Combines AgTractor Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270005025 Farm Equipment Balers AgTractor Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270005030 Farm Equipment Agricultural Mowers AgTractor Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270005035 Farm Equipment Sprayers AgTractor Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270005040 Farm Equipment Tillers > 6 HP AgTractor Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270005045 Farm Equipment Swathers AgTractor Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270005050 Farm Equipment Hydro Power Units None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270005055 Farm Equipment Other Agricultural Equipment AgTractor Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270005060 Farm Equipment Irrigation Sets None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270006000 Light Commercial ALL None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270006005 Light Commercial Generator Sets None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270006010 Light Commercial Pumps None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270006015 Light Commercial Air Compressors None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270006020 Light Commercial Gas Compressors None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270006025 Light Commercial Welders ArcWelder Lo LF 2.29 2.57 1.10 1.21 1.97 2.37 1.18
Table A3. Transient Adjustment Factors by Equipment Type for Nonroad CI Equipment

SCC Equipment Type Cycle TAF Assignment HC CO NOx PM BSFC

All Tiers All Tiers Base, T0-T2 Tier 3* Base, T0-T2 Tier 3* All Tiers

A9

2270006030 Light Commercial Pressure Washers None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002270007005 Logging Equipment Chain Saws > 6 HP RTLoader Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270007010 Logging Equipment Shredders > 6 HP RTLoader Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270007015 Logging Equipment Forest Equipment RTLoader Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.012270008005 Airport Service Equipment Airport Support

Equipment

RTLoader Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.01

2270009010 Other Underground Mining Equipment Backhoe Lo LF 2.29 2.57 1.10 1.21 1.97 2.37 1.182270010010 Other Oil Field Equipment None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002282020005 Recreational Pleasure Craft, Inboards None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002282020010 Recreational Pleasure Craft, Outboards None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002282020015 Recreational Pleasure Craft, Personal Water Craft None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.002282020025 Recreational Pleasure Craft, Sailboat Aux.

Outboard

None None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.00

2285002015 Railway Maintenance Backhoe Lo LF 2.29 2.57 1.10 1.21 1.97 2.37 1.18

* The NOx and PM Tier 3 adjustment factors were incorrectly applied to steady-state equipment types (i.e., those with cycle assignments of “None.”). This

will be corrected in the next version of the model.
A10

Table A4. Deterioration Factors for Nonroad Diesel Engines

Pollutant

Relative Deterioration Factor (A) 

(% increase/%useful life)

Base/Tier 0 Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3

HC 0.047 0.036 0.034 0.027

CO 0.185 0.101 0.101 0.151

NOx 0.024 0.024 0.009 0.008

PM 0.473 0.473 0.473 0.473

DF =1+A*(fraction of useful life expended)B

B = 1 for diesel nonroad engines
B1

Appendix B

Sources of Previous Emission Factors for

Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines

There is little test data available on nonroad engines. Table B1 lists the data sources

used for EPA’s Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Study’s (NEVES) diesel emission factors. 

Published in November, 1991, NEVES was mandated by Congress to determine whether

nonroad sources made a significant contribution to urban air pollution. It covers HC, CO,

NOx, PM, SOx and other pollutants. It provides inventories for 19 ozone and 16 CO

nonattainment areas.

Table B1. Data sources for NEVES Diesel Emission Factors

Application Emissions Test 

Data Source

Notes

Lawn and Garden and

Light Commercial

None NEVES emission factors

were based on factors for

“continuous service diesel <

50 hp” SwRI, 1991, which

are based on Radian, 1988

factors for truck/container

refrigeration units.

Agriculture Cal/ERT, 1982

Construction EMA 

SwRI, 1973

Cal/ERT, 1982

NEVES emission factors

were based on EMA when

possible. For PM and for

applications not available

from EMA, factors were

taken from AP-42, which

relies on Cal/ERT for most

emission factors and on

SwRI, 1973 for PM and

SOx.

Logging (skidders) EMA 

Industrial and

Airport Service Equipment

SwRI, 1973

Recreational Marine

(Inboard)

NMMA
B2

Table B2 lists the data sources used for California’s Air Resources Board (ARB)

OFFROAD diesel emission factors. OFFROAD is designed to estimate nonroad emissions

for the state of California only. A version of this model was released in late summer 1997. It

covers HC, CO, NOx, PM, SO2, and CO2. The studies listed in the tables are described

below. 

Table B2. Data sources for ARB OFFROAD Diesel Emission Factors

Horsepower Class Emissions Test 

Data Source

Notes

0-15 hp Manufacturers’ data--

2 Yanmar engines

1 Deutz engine

15-25 hp Manufacturers (ARB OffRoad Equipment Study,

1990)

25-50 hp Manufacturers Submissions

(ARB Off-Road Equipment

Study, 1990 )

50-125 hp Manufacturers (CA HD

Construction Study, 1988)

125-250

250+

Manufacturers (CA HD

Construction Study, 1988)

ARB factors on all engines

from 125 hp and above are

based on the same data, but

the weighting between turbocharged and naturally

aspirated engines is different

in the two horsepower

categories listed here.

Description and Citations of Sources used for Previous Emission Factors

Radian, 1988. Radian’s estimates of HC, CO, NOx and PM for truck/container

refrigeration units are not based on testing, but on Radian’s estimates for “typical

small direct injection and indirect injection diesel engines.” (Weaver, C.S.,

“Feasibility and Cost Effectiveness of Controlling Emissions from Diesel Engines in

Rail, Marine, Construction, Farm and Other Mobile Off-Highway Equipment.” 

Final Report by Radian Corporation for U.S. EPA, Office of Policy Analysis, under

contract 68-01-7288, February, 1988.) 
B3

SwRI, 1973. Southwest Research Institute tested 8 diesel engines for HC, CO, NOx

and PM. Emissions of SOx were calculated for no. 2 diesel fuel assuming sulfur

content of 0.22%. BSFC is not stated. The emissions tests were given different

weightings to estimate industrial, construction and farm equipment emission factors.

(Hare, C.T and K.J. Springer. Exhaust Emission from Uncontrolled Vehicles and

Related Equipment Using Internal Combustion Engines, Final Report, Part 5, Heavy

Duty Farm, Construction and Agricultural Engines. San Antonio TX: Southwest

Research Institute, October 1973.)

EMA. Emission factors for 17 applications based on unknown number of tests,

unknown horsepower engines. Engine vintage unknown, but data was submitted by

the Engine Manufacturers Association to EPA prior to NEVES (1991). (Listed in

NEVES table I-06.)

Cal/ERT, 1982. Data from 13 engine manufacturers representing 391 models of

construction equipment. Raw data was aggregated by an accounting firm prior to

analysis and reporting. (Environmental Research and Technology, Inc. “Feasibility,

Cost and Air Quality Impact of Potential Emission Control Requirements on Farm,

Construction and Industrial Equipment in California”, Document PA841, sponsored

by the Farm and Industrial Equipment Institute, Engine Manufacturers Association,

and Construction Industry Manufacturers Association, May 1982.)

NMMA. The National Marine Manufacturers Association submitted data to EPA on

HC, CO, NOx and BSFC for 3 diesel inboard motors. Engine vintage unknown, but

data was submitted to EPA prior to NEVES (1991). (NEVES, Table I-11(e).)

ARB Off-Road Study, 1990. A study of lawn and garden and utility emissions. 

(Manufacturer Submissions to ARB on Exhaust Emission Standards for Utility and

Lawn and Garden Equipment Engines. California ARB, October 1990. EPA

requests assistance in locating this study)

ARB Heavy Duty Construction Study, 1988.1

 Reports HC, NOx and PM emission

factors based on emission information from four manufacturers. Does not include

information on test programs. It is not clear how data collected in the study was used

to create the inputs for the ARB model. (Energy and Environment Analysis, Inc. “

Feasibility of Controlling Emissions from Off-Road, Heavy-Duty Construction

Equipment.” Final Report to the California Air Resources Board. Arlington, VA,

December 1988.)
C1

Appendix C

1988-1995 (Tier 0) Zero-Hour, Steady-State Emission Factors and 

Fuel Sulfur Adjustment for Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines

Introduction

EPA’s 1991 Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study (NEVES) (1) used

emission factors for diesel engines based primarily on tests of older engines. All the

NEVES particulate matter (PM) emission factors are from tests conducted in 1972 and many

of the other emissions factors in NEVES are based on data from tests prior to 1982.

To better characterize emissions from more recent, pre-control engines, EPA

analyzed available emission test data on 1988-1995 nonroad diesel engines. This analysis

provides the basis for NONROAD pre-control emission factors for 1988-and-later engines

greater than 50 hp, as described in the main body of this report. The analysis indicated a

significant difference in emissions based on engine power. Engines between 50 and 100

horsepower in general had higher emissions and fuel consumption than engines larger than

100 horsepower. Table C1 summarizes these results.

Table C1. Average Emission Test Results for 1988 to 1995 Model Year Engines

Engine

(Reference)

HC 

(g/hp-hr)

CO

(g/hp-hr)

NOx

(g/hp-hr)

PM 

(g/hp-hr)

BSFC 

(lb/hp-hr)

Average (50

to 100 hp)

0.99 3.49 8.30 0.722 0.408

Average

(>=100 hp)

0.68 2.70 8.38 0.402 0.367

A summary of test results for individual engines is presented in Table C2. Note

that testing was conducted using the current certification test procedure, also known as ISOC1. The procedure uses eight steady-state modes weighted by time to produce one number

in units such as grams per horsepower-hour. EPA adjusted this test data to account for

differences between the test fuel and typical in-use fuel sulfur levels of 0.33 wt. percent as

explained below.
C2

Table C2. Summary of ISO-C1 Emission Results for 1988 through 1995 Engines

Engine

(Reference)

Model

Year

Age

(Hrs)

Fuel

Sulfur

(wt. %)

Power

Level

(hp)

HC 

(g/hp-hr)

CO 

(g/hp-hr)

NOx

(g/hp-hr)

PM 

(g/hp-hr)

BSFC

(lb/hp-hr)

Ford New

Holland (2)

1991 0 0.26 127 1.02 7.70 7.48 1.10 0.358

John Deere

7068T (2)

1990 0 0.26 139 0.45 2.98 11.74 0.41 0.349

Volvo TD

71G (avg. of

2) (3)

1984 0 0.046 144 0.47 1.64 12.68 0.149 0.373

Volvo TD73

KBE (avg. of

2) (3)

1992 0 0.046 139 0.64 0.85 4.52 0.12 0.386

Weterbeke

32BEDA (4)

1995 0 0.033 95 1.95 7.43 7.99 1.50 0.484

Caterpillar

3176B (4)

1995 0 0.033 451 0.09 2.94 6.37 0.213 0.358

Cummins

KTA19-M3

(4)

1995 0 0.033 599 0.68 3.26 8.78 0.257 0.359

Caterpillar

3306

(Nonroad) (5)

1990 0 0.26 285 1.1 1.4 6.5 0.18 0.354

Cummins

4BT

(Nonroad) (5)

1990 0 0.26 100 0.8 2.1 11 0.39 0.365

John Deere

4039D (6)

1991 0 0.25 72 0.6 3.5 7.2 0.59 0.385

Caterpillar

3116 (7)

1991 2,511 0.28 201 0.07 2.51 9.38 0.406 0.352

0.035 0.350

Caterpillar

3054 (7)

1991 1,964 0.28 85 0.66 1.00 7.53 0.387 0.393

0.035 0.340

John Deere 

4039 (7)

1994 2,265 0.28 86 0.41 2.17 11.22 0.384 0.389

0.035 0.256

John Deere 

7076 (7)

1993 3,300 0.28 174 0.53 2.05 10.22 0.250 0.385

0.035 0.205
(table continued from previous page)

Engine

(Reference)

Model

Year

Age

(Hrs)

Fuel

Sulfur

(wt. %)

Power

Level

(hp)

HC 

(g/hp-hr)

CO 

(g/hp-hr)

NOx

(g/hp-hr)

PM 

(g/hp-hr)

BSFC

(lb/hp-hr)

C3

Consolidated

Diesel

6TA-830 (7)

1990 4,370 0.28 226 0.86 1.50 6.53 0.397 0.365

0.035 0.338

John Deere

6619 (7)

1993 4,970 0.28 275 0.82 4.69 7.29 0.662 0.397

0.035 0.556

Consolidated

Diesel 4039

(7)

1988 3,570 

 

0.28 71 1.32 3.37 7.57 0.581 0.389

0.035 0.484

Caterpillar

3306 (7)

1990 6,700 0.28 278 1.27 1.46 6.52 0.248 0.373

0.035 0.245

Average 

(50 to 100

hp)

0.33 0.99 3.49 8.30 0.722* 0.408

Average

(>=100 hp)

0.33 0.68 2.70 8.38 0.402* 0.367

* Adjusted to the national average fuel sulfur level of 0.33 weight percent

Fuel Sulfur Adjustment

PM emissions from diesel engines are highly dependent on the sulfur content of the

fuel the engine is burning. PM emissions from diesel engines are generally comprised of

unburned or partially burned fuel, engine oil, and sulfur compounds. When the engine burns

fuel, the fuel sulfur is oxidized to both sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide. The sulfur trioxide

rapidly absorbs water to form hydrated sulfuric acid which condenses and is collected on

filters as particulate matter (PM) during emission testing. 

Because the sulfur content of diesel fuel can vary considerably, it is important to

account for fuel sulfur in establishing emission factors for PM. To adjust emission test data

to the default sulfur level used in NONROAD (0.33 wt. percent), EPA followed the

approach described below.

 EPA measured particulate emissions from nine nonroad diesel engines using fuel

with two different sulfur levels, a typical highway diesel fuel at a sulfur level of 0.035

weight percent and a typical nonroad diesel fuel doped to a sulfur level of 0.28 weight

percent to simulate more closely the average nonroad diesel fuel sulfur level of 0.33 weight

percent. (8) Data from eight of the engines is listed in Table C2, above. In addition, the
C4

study included a 1997 John Deere nonroad engine. This engine is not shown in Table C2

because it is certified for the Tier 1 emission regulations and should not be used to

determine an overall emission factor for pre-control engines. Test results from this study

(including all 9 engines tested) were used to determine the emission adjustment associated

with fuel sulfur level. Other fuel parameter differences such as cetane and fuel distillation

that might also have affected particulate emissions were ignored for this analysis. 

The study found that emissions of all pollutants were reduced by using highway fuel

as compared to the nonroad fuel; however, only the average PM reduction was statistically

significant at the 90% confidence level.

The particulate sulfur emission rate should be proportional to the fuel consumption

and the fuel sulfur level. By dividing the difference in particulate emissions by the

difference in fuel sulfur consumption, EPA calculated the average effect of fuel sulfur levels

on PM emissions for the nine engines, as shown in Table C3 below.

Table C3. Effects of Fuel Sulfur on PM Emissions

Engine MY

Fuel Sulfur PM BSFC Delta

PM

Delta Fuel

Sulfur

Consumed*

Delta PM

(wt percent) (g/hp-hr) (lb/hp-hr) (g/hp-hr) (g/hp-hr) / Delta

Sulfur

Cat 3116 1991 0.280 0.406 0.352 0.056 0.391 0.143

Cat 3116 1991 0.035 0.350 0.352

Cat 3054 1991 0.280 0.387 0.393 0.047 0.437 0.107

Cat 3054 1991 0.035 0.340 0.393

Deere 4039 1994 0.280 0.384 0.389 0.128 0.432 0.296

Deere 4039 1994 0.035 0.256 0.389

Deere 7076 1993 0.280 0.250 0.385 0.045 0.428 0.105

Deere 7076 1993 0.035 0.205 0.385

ConDsl 6TA-830 1990 0.280 0.397 0.365 0.059 0.405 0.146

ConDsl 6TA-830 1990 0.035 0.338 0.365

Deere 6619 1993 0.280 0.662 0.397 0.106 0.441 0.240

Deere 6619 1993 0.035 0.556 0.397

Con Dsl 4039 1988 0.280 0.581 0.389 0.097 0.432 0.225

Con Dsl 4039 1988 0.035 0.484 0.389

Cat 3306 1990 0.280 0.248 0.373 0.003 0.415 0.007

Cat 3306 1990 0.035 0.245 0.373

Deere 6101 1997 0.280 0.186 0.350 0.057 0.389 0.147

Deere 6101 1997 0.035 0.129 0.350

Average: 0.1573

* Delta fuel sulfur consumed (g S/hp-hr) = 0.01*(0.280-0.035)*BSFC*453.6 g/lb 
C5

The value of 0.1573 is the average change in PM emissions per change in grams of

fuel sulfur consumed. The change in PM emissions would be due to PM sulfate, so this can

also be expressed as the change in PM sulfate emissions per change in grams of fuel sulfur

consumed. We assume that PM sulfate is H2SO4:7H20 (sulfuric acid hydrated seven

times). For PM sulfate, there is 7.0 grams sulfate per gram sulfur. Therefore, 0.1573 ÷7 =

0.02247 grams PM sulfur per gram fuel sulfur consumed, which is the fraction of fuel sulfur

converted to PM. In the NONROAD model, the change in PM emissions per change in

grams of fuel sulfur consumed is expressed as the term, “soxcnv * 7,” where soxcnv is the

fraction of fuel sulfur converted to PM and 7 is the grams sulfate PM per gram sulfur. 

Soxcnv is equal to 0.02247 and soxcnv * 7 is equal to 0.157 for diesel equipment.

This analysis provided the constant “A” in the equation below, which describes the

adjustment made to correct PM emissions from the test fuel sulfur level to the default sulfur

level of 0.33 weight percent.

PMBase = PM + BSFC * A * (0.0033 - Fuel Sulfur)

where

PMBase = PM emissions with default fuel, in g/hp-hr

PM = PM emissions with test fuel, in g/hp-hr

BSFC = Brake Specific Fuel Consumption in g/hp-hr

A = 0.157 g PM/hp-hr/Weight Fraction sulfur/BSFC

0.0033= the default weight fraction of fuel sulfur for nonroad diesel

 Fuel Sulfur = Weight Fraction of sulfur in test fuel

EPA then used this equation for all tests listed in Table C2 to correct PM emissions

from the test-fuel sulfur level to a fuel sulfur level of 0.33 wt.% before computing the

averages listed in Table C1 and at the bottom of Table C2. 

References

(1)“Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study” (NEVES), U.S. EPA, Office of Air and

Radiation, 21A-2001. November, 1991.

(2) Doorlag, M. and M. Samulski. “Heavy-Duty Engine Testing Report: Non-Road Engine

Configurations, Test Results 1991" EPA Technical Report, 1991.

(3) Hedbom, A. “Emission tests of two Volvo//VME Heavy Duty Off Road Engines.”

Motortestcenter, Hanige, Sweden. MTC 9307A. March. 1994.

(4) Carroll, J.N. and C. M. Urban. “Emission Testing of Nonroad Compression Ignition

Engines.” Draft Final Report. Southwest Research Institute, 6886-802. September 1995.
C6

(5) Fritz, S. G., “Dynamometer Testing of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines to Support 

Non-Road Regulations,” SwRI Report No. 08-3426-010, Work Assignment 0-10 of 

EPA Contract No. 68-C0-0014 (September 1991).

(6) Smith, Michael. “Dynamometer Testing of Nonroad Diesel Engines to Support Nonroad

Regulations.” Southwest Research Institute, 08-4855-150, EPA Docket A-91-24, June

1992.

(7) Fritz, S. G. and M.E. Starr, “Emission Factors for Compression Ignition Nonroad

Engines Operated on Number 2 Highway and Nonroad Diesel Fuel,” Southwest Research

Institute. EPA contract # 68-C5-0077, SwRI 08-7601-822, March 1998.

(8) Korotney, David. “Estimates for In-Use Nonroad Diesel Fuel Levels,” Memorandum to

Docket A-96-40. July 1, 1997.
D1

Appendix D

Certification Data for Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines

Certification data were available and therefore used to develop zero-mile, steadystate emission factors for Tier 1 engines in all hp categories and Tier 2 engines in the >300

to 600 hp category. Certification data were extracted from the database as of October, 2001. 

Official test results (OTR values) obtained with the nonroad 8-mode test procedure were

used.

Tests were conducted with fuel meeting either diesel nonroad or diesel on-highway

specifications. For tests conducted on the Tier 1 engines with diesel on-highway fuel, the

PM emissions were adjusted from 350 ppm to 3300 ppm sulfur (the default diesel sulfur

level used in NONROAD), using the equation described in Appendix C. For tests

conducted on the Tier 2 engines with diesel on-highway fuel, the PM emissions were

adjusted from 350 ppm to 2000 ppm. An estimate of brake-specific fuel consumption is

required to calculate the adjustment. If the fuel rate for a certification test was reported, the

engine-specific BSFC was calculated and used directly. If the fuel rate was not reported, the

default BSFC values in NONROAD were used to calculate the adjustment.

The certification data were grouped by model year and by hp category. Salesweighted emission averages were calculated for each model year/hp category. Then, for

each hp category, a straight average of the applicable model year data were used. 

For categories less than 50 hp, the Tier 1 standard for HC and NOx is expressed as a

combination of HC and NOx (HC+NOx, refer to Table 1). As a result, most of the

certification data for these engines is provided as the sum of HC and NOx, although there are

some data reported for HC and NOx separately. To obtain separate HC and NOx emission

factors for categories less than 50 hp, HC fractions of HC+NOx emissions were calculated

for those tests which reported both HC and HC+NOx emission factors. The average HC

fraction was then calculated and multiplied by the sales-weighted average HC+NOx

emission factor to obtain an HC emission factor (referred to as HC calc in the tables). The

remaining fraction of the HC+NOx emission factor was assigned as the NOx emission factor

(referred to as NOx calc in the tables). This was done for each model year and for each of

the hp categories less than 50 hp (i.e., 0-11 hp, 11-25 hp, 25-50 hp).

Table D1 presents a summary of the results, as well as the sample sizes for each

pollutant/model year/hp category. Tables D2-D7 present the individual engine emissions

data and sales weightings for each model year and hp category. The engine identification

and specific sales information have been removed. For categories less than 50 hp, the HC

fractions, HC calc emission factors, and NOx calc emission factors are also provided.
D2

Table D1. Summary of Certification Data for Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines*

>0 to 11 hp

g/hp-hr HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac HC calc NOx calc

2000 0.692103 5.170337 5.966223 4.051366 0.452858 0.113196 0.675351 5.290871

2001 0.828378 5.073763 6.018891 4.174066 0.44201 0.141247 0.850153 5.168738

average 0.760241 5.12205 5.992557 4.1127 0.4474 0.7628 5.2298

sample size HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM

2000 4 6 20 20 20

2001 5 5 19 19 19

total 9 11 39 39 39

>11 to 25 hp

g/hp-hr HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac HC calc NOx calc

2000 0.489983 3.749647 4.9489 2.207041 0.289982 0.081156 0.401631 4.547269

2001 0.447831 4.109521 4.80692 2.114884 0.242992 0.09869 0.474395 4.332525

average 0.468907 3.929584 4.87791 2.1610 0.2665 0.4380 4.4399

sample size HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM

2000 9 10 40 39 40

2001 16 16 43 43 43

total 25 26 83 82 83

>25 to 50 hp

g/hp-hr HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac HC calc NOx calc

1999 0.496458 4.558405 4.983359 1.54213 0.35614 0.047095 0.23469 4.748669

2000 0.452946 4.893606 5.083919 1.522782 0.331337 0.056039 0.284899 4.79902

2001 0.472917 4.469647 4.952901 1.532028 0.329222 0.064006 0.317014 4.635887

average 0.474107 4.640553 5.006726 1.5323 0.3389 0.2789 4.7279

sample size HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM

1999 11 15 72 72 72

2000 14 22 95 96 96

2001 25 35 103 104 104

total 50 72 270 272 272
D3

Table D1. Summary of Certification Data for Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines

(cont)*

>50 to 100 hp

g/hp-hr HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM

1998 0.528845 5.682411 4.235576 2.753546 0.472055

1999 0.517642 5.613376 6.569501 2.34687 0.452553

2000 0.46289 5.494892 4.235576 2.047055 0.460428

2001 0.575867 5.604515 5.976957 2.314372 0.506824

average 0.5213 5.5988 5.254402 2.3655 0.4730

sample size HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM

1998 18 71 1 21 19

1999 27 91 3 33 31

2000 35 104 1 38 36

2001 40 127 3 47 43

total 120 393 8 139 129

>100 to 175 hp

g/hp-hr HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM

1997 0.297479 5.599201 0.745072 0.281314

1998 0.355336 5.743938 0.961288 0.276378

1999 0.35159 5.749792 0.93731 0.270345

2000 0.33246 5.593736 0.68581 0.282059

2001 0.355107 5.574714 1.003922 0.28934

average 0.3384 5.6523 0.8667 0.2799

sample size HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM

1997 29 43 0 29 25

1998 25 52 0 27 24

1999 25 59 0 27 25

2000 27 61 0 29 28

2001 34 69 0 37 36

total 140 284 0 149 138

>175 to 300 hp

g/hp-hr HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM

1996 0.331633 5.667602 0.834876 0.239994

1997 0.307044 5.723983 0.819777 0.24542

1998 0.316321 5.574079 0.722968 0.262486

1999 0.314974 5.549376 0.695869 0.257528

2000 0.26631 5.441729 4.54 0.666725 0.240685

2001 0.314765 5.506545 4.203295 0.744633 0.266622

average 0.3085 5.5772 4.371648 0.7475 0.2521

sample size HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM

1996 44 44 0 44 44

1997 43 43 0 43 43

1998 72 72 0 72 72

1999 71 71 0 71 71

2000 64 64 2 64 64

2001 86 86 6 88 88

total 380 380 8 382 382
D4

Table D1. Summary of Certification Data for Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines

(cont)*

>300 to 600 hp

g/hp-hr HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM

1996 0.260521 6.264393 1.353145 0.195978

1997 0.1553 5.865363 1.431343 0.213156

1998 0.209071 6.126551 1.289223 0.198893

1999 0.201521 6.04976 1.201752 0.192703

2000 0.186024 5.77026 5.24 1.254546 0.203148

average 0.2025 6.0153 5.24 1.3060 0.2008

2001Tier 2 0.1669 4.3351 4.345348 0.8425 0.1316

sample size HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM

1996 40 40 0 40 40

1997 35 35 0 35 35

1998 48 48 0 48 48

1999 55 55 0 55 55

2000 51 51 1 51 51

2001 14 14 35 35 35

total 243 243 36 264 264

>600 to 750 hp

g/hp-hr HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM

1996 0.174804 6.063537 1.502117 0.242149

1997 0.135125 5.872338 1.571034 0.236991

1998 0.190719 5.866023 1.277422 0.205116

1999 0.118392 5.723896 1.361031 0.227162

2000 0.126821 5.790567 1.368105 0.225632

2001 0.138065 5.612418 3.975047 0.883305 0.183773

average 0.1473 5.8215 3.975047 1.3272 0.2201

sample size HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM

1996 11 11 0 11 11

1997 10 10 0 10 10

1998 12 12 0 12 12

1999 13 13 0 13 13

2000 15 15 0 15 15

2001 16 16 3 17 17

total 77 77 3 78 78
D5

Table D1. Summary of Certification Data for Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines

(cont)*

>750 hp

g/hp-hr HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM

2000 0.25906 6.252638 0.727419 0.183308

2001 0.313093 6.052394 0.800887 0.203589

average 0.2861 6.1525 0.7642 0.1934

sample size HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM

2000 16 16 0 16 16

2001 18 18 0 18 18

total 34 34 0 34 34

* Values in bold are used in NONROAD. All are Tier 1 emission factors, with the

exception that both Tier 1 and Tier 2 emission factors are provided for the >300 to 600 hp

category.
D6

Table D2. 1996 MY Certification Data

175 to 300 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM Sales wgt

261 0.47 6.06 0.89 0.27 0.0005

248 0.34 5.31 1.04 0.35 0.0005

215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.33 0.0628

260 0.44 5.81 0.70 0.27 0.0398

240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0545

260 0.37 5.73 1.30 0.31 0.0177

225 0.41 5.70 0.84 0.15 0.0862

275 0.11 4.56 1.25 0.18 0.0174

258 0.05 6.34 0.89 0.22 0.0064

275 0.08 4.93 1.80 0.25 0.0034

220 0.11 6.16 0.89 0.20 0.0563

200 0.26 5.12 0.60 0.22 0.0910

215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.33 0.1054

260 0.44 5.80 0.70 0.27 0.0652

240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0362

255 0.46 6.11 0.52 0.20 0.0014

296 0.31 6.41 0.96 0.18 0.0005

196 0.28 5.44 0.65 0.21 0.0074

287 0.33 5.94 1.16 0.21 0.1080

263 0.43 6.13 2.68 0.24 0.0322

275 0.46 6.51 1.19 0.15 0.0273

216 0.59 6.20 1.55 0.20 0.0262

293 0.09 6.20 0.46 0.12 0.0018

261 0.30 4.38 0.69 0.23 0.0050

194 0.30 6.26 0.80 0.17 0.0024

280 0.25 4.03 0.56 0.18 0.0005

241 0.41 6.44 1.11 0.26 0.0036

193 0.60 6.69 0.85 0.28 0.0025

215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.33 0.0136

240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0362

189 0.31 5.40 0.92 0.16 0.0020

252 0.22 6.23 0.30 0.17 0.0058

273 0.31 4.46 0.48 0.08 0.0009

248 0.34 5.31 1.04 0.35 0.0005

275 0.10 4.14 0.78 0.13 0.0028

210 0.16 6.85 1.47 0.17 0.0043

225 0.11 6.63 0.57 0.06 0.0014

228 0.36 5.45 0.59 0.21 0.0504

182 0.42 6.43 0.87 0.32 0.0072

207 0.44 6.59 1.15 0.36 0.0045

188 0.37 5.51 0.63 0.18 0.0018

235 0.31 6.18 0.52 0.13 0.0018

201 0.42 5.38 0.63 0.16 0.0018

255 0.43 6.43 0.76 0.20 0.0027

Sales-wgt EF 0.331633 5.667602 0.834876 0.239994 1.0000

Sample Size 44 44 44 44
D7

Table D2. 1996 MY Certification Data (cont.)

300 to 600 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM Sales wgt

335 0.27 5.51 0.74 0.28 0.0013

543 2.24 5.66 0.54 0.24 0.0010

300 0.28 6.13 0.81 0.28 0.0249

330 0.34 5.27 1.07 0.28 0.0075

362 0.16 5.49 1.57 0.13 0.3220

425 0.09 6.38 2.18 0.08 0.0155

500 0.17 8.19 2.24 0.13 0.0078

455 0.12 5.48 0.82 0.17 0.0039

542 0.07 6.05 1.43 0.31 0.0959

300 0.08 5.78 0.43 0.05 0.0093

397 0.19 4.65 1.35 0.19 0.0216

535 0.08 5.79 2.10 0.34 0.0186

515 0.05 6.05 1.44 0.21 0.0180

300 0.31 5.50 0.41 0.22 0.0052

480 0.17 6.85 1.16 0.17 0.0833

525 0.25 6.36 0.45 0.15 0.0104

375 0.40 6.03 1.51 0.20 0.0339

337 0.41 5.99 1.31 0.22 0.0170

300 0.51 8.03 1.28 0.21 0.1823

313 0.10 6.55 0.49 0.14 0.0039

440 0.39 6.55 0.43 0.18 0.0052

568 0.37 6.46 2.17 0.37 0.0124

350 0.78 6.32 1.30 0.37 0.0357

400 0.10 6.28 0.49 0.14 0.0129

412 0.35 6.51 1.76 0.30 0.0039

322 0.23 5.00 0.87 0.23 0.0026

563 0.18 4.56 0.48 0.18 0.0078

305 0.24 6.29 0.72 0.29 0.0044

335 0.19 5.78 0.41 0.10 0.0003

349 0.20 5.41 0.34 0.15 0.0016

526 0.17 6.06 0.60 0.16 0.0003

493 0.16 5.89 0.95 0.20 0.0005

573 0.14 5.86 0.62 0.17 0.0005

571 0.31 3.98 0.48 0.11 0.0026

308 0.28 5.68 0.45 0.18 0.0021

335 0.27 5.51 0.74 0.28 0.0023

543 0.22 5.66 0.54 0.25 0.0037

300 0.07 4.54 0.51 0.15 0.0052

300 0.07 6.35 0.52 0.04 0.0078

369 0.24 5.43 0.51 0.14 0.0052

Sales-wgt EF 0.260521 6.264393 1.353145 0.195978 1.0000

Sample Size 40 40 40 40
D8

Table D2. 1996 MY Certification Data (cont.)

600 to 750 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr)

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM Sales wgt

750 0.07 5.90 1.29 0.22 0.1010

750 0.07 5.84 0.90 0.16 0.0056

750 0.08 6.01 1.92 0.30 0.1330

750 0.35 5.80 1.48 0.29 0.0859

660 0.05 6.24 0.83 0.14 0.1627

740 0.10 5.53 1.63 0.33 0.1324

640 0.10 5.62 0.83 0.19 0.0056

730 0.05 5.04 0.99 0.18 0.0960

600 0.46 6.86 1.46 0.23 0.1403

710 0.25 6.64 2.42 0.27 0.1347

740 0.24 5.85 1.37 0.21 0.0028

Sales-wgt EF 0.174804 6.063537 1.502117 0.242149 1.0000

Sample Size 11 11 11 11
D9

Table D3. 1997 MY Certification Data

100 to 175 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.0015 0.0011 0.0015 0.0015

125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.0087 0.0069 0.0087 0.0090

165 0.36 4.95 0.75 0.31 0.1552 0.1226 0.1552 0.1597

110 6.06 0.0000 0.0174 0.0000 0.0000

165 6.24 0.0000 0.0915 0.0000 0.0000

166 4.95 0.0000 0.0022 0.0000 0.0000

100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.30 0.0102 0.0080 0.0102 0.0104

125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.1001 0.0790 0.1001 0.1030

165 0.36 4.95 0.75 0.31 0.2320 0.1833 0.2320 0.2388

114 0.39 4.88 0.88 0.0038 0.0030 0.0038 0.0000

141 0.39 4.97 2.30 0.0057 0.0045 0.0057 0.0000

134 0.33 6.59 1.15 0.17 0.0218 0.0172 0.0218 0.0224

168 0.43 6.52 1.25 0.17 0.0044 0.0034 0.0044 0.0045

110 0.75 6.18 2.60 0.41 0.0058 0.0046 0.0058 0.0060

158 0.51 6.26 1.28 0.38 0.0247 0.0195 0.0247 0.0254

153 5.65 0.0000 0.0206 0.0000 0.0000

134 6.51 0.0000 0.0041 0.0000 0.0000

103 6.26 0.0000 0.0069 0.0000 0.0000

106 6.01 0.0000 0.0018 0.0000 0.0000

100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.0022 0.0017 0.0022 0.0022

125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.0015 0.0011 0.0015 0.0015

165 0.36 4.95 0.75 0.31 0.0537 0.0424 0.0537 0.0552

162 0.62 6.11 0.90 0.29 0.0035 0.0028 0.0035 0.0036

130 5.58 0.0000 0.0115 0.0000 0.0000

134 6.08 0.0000 0.0183 0.0000 0.0000

131 5.18 0.0000 0.0115 0.0000 0.0000

157 0.12 6.55 1.15 0.13 0.0125 0.0099 0.0125 0.0128

168 0.11 6.63 0.57 0.06 0.0091 0.0072 0.0091 0.0094

108 0.17 5.99 0.37 0.17 0.0242 0.0191 0.0242 0.0249

166 0.38 6.21 0.56 0.22 0.0182 0.0143 0.0182 0.0187

121 0.68 6.11 1.22 0.18 0.0085 0.0067 0.0085 0.0087

108 0.20 5.63 0.70 0.32 0.2393 0.1890 0.2393 0.2463

103 6.19 0.0000 0.0128 0.0000 0.0000

172 0.13 5.31 0.45 0.25 0.0258 0.0204 0.0258 0.0266

130 0.64 6.70 1.23 0.36 0.0004 0.0003 0.0004 0.0004

102 6.68 0.0000 0.0023 0.0000 0.0000

172 6.23 0.0000 0.0069 0.0000 0.0000

117 6.23 0.0000 0.0023 0.0000 0.0000

173 0.54 6.57 1.83 0.42 0.0029 0.0023 0.0029 0.0030

122 0.07 5.75 1.06 0.34 0.0029 0.0023 0.0029 0.0030

122 0.12 4.12 0.64 0.0030 0.0024 0.0030 0.0000

161 0.23 5.96 0.83 0.0160 0.0126 0.0160 0.0000

161 0.34 5.26 1.05 0.19 0.0029 0.0023 0.0029 0.0030

Sales-wgt EF 0.297479 5.599201 0.745072 0.281314 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample Size 29 43 29 25
D10

Table D3. 1997 MY Certification Data (cont.)

175 to 300 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

261 0.47 6.06 0.89 0.27 0.0048 0.0048 0.0048 0.0048

248 0.34 5.31 1.04 0.35 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060

280 0.47 5.47 0.52 0.23 0.1439 0.1439 0.1439 0.1439

260 0.37 5.73 1.30 0.39 0.0282 0.0282 0.0282 0.0282

246 0.34 5.27 1.07 0.36 0.0056 0.0056 0.0056 0.0056

225 0.41 5.70 0.84 0.22 0.1444 0.1444 0.1444 0.1444

220 0.11 6.16 0.89 0.27 0.1523 0.1523 0.1523 0.1523

275 0.11 4.56 1.25 0.26 0.0489 0.0489 0.0489 0.0489

205 0.19 5.96 1.73 0.25 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060

260 0.08 6.48 0.82 0.29 0.0854 0.0854 0.0854 0.0854

275 0.08 4.93 1.80 0.32 0.0116 0.0116 0.0116 0.0116

280 0.47 5.47 0.52 0.23 0.0059 0.0059 0.0059 0.0059

260 0.46 6.11 0.52 0.27 0.0104 0.0104 0.0104 0.0104

188 0.50 5.29 1.31 0.37 0.0045 0.0045 0.0045 0.0045

296 0.23 4.78 0.72 0.21 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013

264 0.64 6.38 2.37 0.41 0.0085 0.0085 0.0085 0.0085

250 0.10 6.41 0.54 0.12 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040

189 0.43 6.65 1.04 0.34 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053

261 0.30 4.38 0.69 0.23 0.0240 0.0240 0.0240 0.0240

194 0.30 6.26 0.80 0.17 0.0133 0.0133 0.0133 0.0133

189 0.37 5.87 0.76 0.28 0.0069 0.0069 0.0069 0.0069

241 0.41 6.44 1.11 0.26 0.0115 0.0115 0.0115 0.0115

227 0.51 6.72 1.07 0.31 0.0101 0.0101 0.0101 0.0101

193 0.60 6.69 0.85 0.28 0.0051 0.0051 0.0051 0.0051

296 0.42 5.77 0.82 0.25 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

234 0.31 4.22 0.51 0.08 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027

248 0.34 5.31 1.04 0.35 0.0044 0.0044 0.0044 0.0044

247 0.57 6.13 0.69 0.17 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

240 0.35 5.36 0.54 0.23 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053

225 0.14 6.73 0.64 0.16 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

228 0.36 5.45 0.59 0.21 0.1289 0.1289 0.1289 0.1289

253 0.55 4.64 1.10 0.29 0.0133 0.0133 0.0133 0.0133

182 0.42 6.43 0.87 0.29 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027

207 0.44 6.59 1.15 0.36 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027

183 0.54 6.63 0.81 0.34 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

227 0.35 0.63 0.51 0.27 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

272 0.35 6.44 1.09 0.23 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027

255 0.25 5.85 0.40 0.13 0.0373 0.0373 0.0373 0.0373

255 0.25 6.22 1.10 0.14 0.0250 0.0250 0.0250 0.0250

188 0.37 5.51 0.60 0.18 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053

235 0.31 6.41 0.54 0.13 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053

201 0.42 5.38 0.63 0.16 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053

255 0.43 6.43 0.76 0.20 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053

Sales-wgt EF 0.307044 5.723983 0.819777 0.245420 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample Size 43 43 43 43
D11

Table D3. 1997 MY Certification Data (cont.)

300 to 600 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

335 0.27 5.51 0.74 0.28 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

543 0.22 5.66 0.54 0.24 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035

425 0.09 6.38 2.18 0.16 0.0282 0.0282 0.0282 0.0282

300 0.28 6.13 0.81 0.36 0.0339 0.0339 0.0339 0.0339

397 0.19 4.65 1.35 0.19 0.0261 0.0261 0.0261 0.0261

362 0.16 5.49 1.57 0.21 0.4232 0.4232 0.4232 0.4232

373 0.17 8.19 2.24 0.21 0.0141 0.0141 0.0141 0.0141

455 0.12 5.48 0.82 0.17 0.0023 0.0023 0.0023 0.0023

599 0.04 6.59 2.67 0.33 0.1521 0.1521 0.1521 0.1521

492 0.05 6.24 0.83 0.14 0.0052 0.0052 0.0052 0.0052

535 0.08 5.79 2.10 0.34 0.0065 0.0065 0.0065 0.0065

559 0.07 5.84 0.90 0.16 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

300 0.08 5.78 0.43 0.13 0.0173 0.0173 0.0173 0.0173

307 0.10 6.52 0.51 0.14 0.0069 0.0069 0.0069 0.0069

430 0.38 6.58 0.43 0.18 0.0177 0.0177 0.0177 0.0177

425 0.08 6.44 0.76 0.16 0.0355 0.0355 0.0355 0.0355

413 0.35 6.51 1.76 0.29 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140

590 0.34 6.40 0.72 0.23 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

313 0.18 4.56 0.48 0.18 0.0121 0.0121 0.0121 0.0121

305 0.24 6.29 0.72 0.29 0.0089 0.0089 0.0089 0.0089

493 0.16 4.26 1.04 0.30 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024

426 0.31 3.98 0.48 0.11 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040

308 0.28 5.68 0.45 0.20 0.0019 0.0019 0.0019 0.0019

335 0.27 5.51 0.74 0.28 0.0115 0.0115 0.0115 0.0115

543 0.22 5.66 0.54 0.16 0.0275 0.0275 0.0275 0.0275

308 0.38 5.70 0.39 0.18 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

330 0.07 5.07 0.44 0.12 0.0270 0.0270 0.0270 0.0270

320 0.12 7.41 0.51 0.08 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

300 0.08 5.62 0.45 0.12 0.0121 0.0121 0.0121 0.0121

381 0.21 6.55 0.61 0.08 0.0403 0.0403 0.0403 0.0403

496 0.13 6.12 0.28 0.07 0.0379 0.0379 0.0379 0.0379

369 0.24 6.50 0.51 0.14 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081

526 0.45 5.59 0.67 0.11 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081

315 0.34 5.48 0.79 0.13 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081 0.0081

362 0.37 5.29 0.82 0.12 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

Sales-wgt EF 0.155300 5.865363 1.431343 0.213156 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample Size 35 35 35 35
D12

Table D3. 1997 MY Certification Data (cont.)

600 to 750 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

740 0.04 5.67 1.57 0.25 0.3355 0.3355 0.3355 0.3355

750 0.08 6.01 1.92 0.30 0.0205 0.0205 0.0205 0.0205

740 0.10 5.53 1.63 0.33 0.0169 0.0169 0.0169 0.0169

640 0.10 5.62 0.83 0.19 0.0319 0.0319 0.0319 0.0319

743 0.05 5.04 0.99 0.18 0.1004 0.1004 0.1004 0.1004

750 0.07 5.90 1.29 0.22 0.0771 0.0771 0.0771 0.0771

600 0.26 6.02 1.78 0.24 0.1597 0.1597 0.1597 0.1597

710 0.25 6.64 2.42 0.27 0.1643 0.1643 0.1643 0.1643

750 0.13 5.89 1.07 0.13 0.0479 0.0479 0.0479 0.0479

748 0.30 6.04 0.45 0.24 0.0456 0.0456 0.0456 0.0456

Sales-wgt EF 0.135125 5.872338 1.571034 0.236991 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample Size 10 10 10 10
D13

Table D4. 1998 MY Certification Data

50-100 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

67 6.40 0.0000 0.0071 0.0000 0.0000

79 5.74 0.0000 0.0024 0.0000 0.0000

96 5.81 0.0000 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000

80 0.48 7.61 4.32 0.56 0.2600 0.0914 0.2581 0.0000

67 0.75 6.35 1.96 0.34 0.1418 0.0499 0.1408 0.0000

80 0.72 5.78 3.26 0.51 0.2786 0.0979 0.2765 0.0000

98 0.71 6.30 1.68 0.21 0.0009 0.0003 0.0009 0.0000

62 6.23 0.0000 0.0012 0.0000 0.0000

57 6.20 0.0000 0.0012 0.0000 0.0000

59 6.56 0.0000 0.0310 0.0000 0.0000

84 5.74 0.0000 0.0413 0.0000 0.0000

64 5.92 0.0000 0.0049 0.0000 0.0000

82 5.23 0.0000 0.0605 0.0000 0.0000

53 6.32 0.0000 0.0175 0.0000 0.0000

72 6.30 0.0000 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000

78 6.22 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000

52 4.59 0.0000 0.0208 0.0000 0.0000

50 4.14 0.0000 0.0036 0.0000 0.0000

51 0.60 6.68 3.04 0.63 0.0004 0.0001 0.0004 0.0000

55 0.39 6.16 0.98 0.28 0.0118 0.0042 0.0117 0.0000

64 0.43 5.62 2.17 0.60 0.0254 0.0089 0.0252 0.0000

73 0.29 5.35 1.08 0.52 0.0118 0.0042 0.0117 0.0000

56 0.48 4.88 0.46 0.27 0.0016 0.0006 0.0016 0.0000

79 0.55 5.25 2.47 0.55 0.0258 0.0091 0.0256 0.0000

91 0.42 6.63 1.32 0.54 0.0133 0.0047 0.0132 0.0000

59 6.65 0.0000 0.0170 0.0000 0.0000

62 6.23 0.0000 0.0012 0.0000 0.0000

80 0.72 5.78 3.26 0.51 0.0051 0.0018 0.0050 0.0000

98 0.71 6.30 1.68 0.21 0.0009 0.0003 0.0009 0.0000

59 4.37 0.0000 0.0042 0.0000 0.0000

56 4.18 0.0000 0.0148 0.0000 0.0000

86 5.42 0.0000 0.0047 0.0000 0.0000

93 4.71 0.0000 0.0030 0.0000 0.0000

72 4.31 0.0000 0.0059 0.0000 0.0000

54 0.55 6.31 2.42 0.0077 0.0027 0.0076 0.0000

65 0.05 4.18 4.24 0.90 0.0010 0.0003 0.0010 1.0000

54 2.62 0.0000 0.0057 0.0000 0.0000

50 4.38 0.0000 0.0190 0.0000 0.0000

89 5.98 0.0000 0.0066 0.0000 0.0000

72 4.63 0.0000 0.0145 0.0000 0.0000

78 6.05 0.0000 0.0101 0.0000 0.0000

52 6.32 0.0000 0.0060 0.0000 0.0000

67 0.14 4.94 1.07 0.45 0.1213 0.0426 0.1204 0.0000

92 0.27 5.62 0.99 0.27 0.0834 0.0293 0.0828 0.0000

55 2.62 0.0000 0.0015 0.0000 0.0000

85 2.18 0.0000 0.0018 0.0000 0.0000

59 5.90 0.0000 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000
Table D4. 1998 MY Certification Data

50-100 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

D14

58 3.23 0.0000 0.0297 0.0000 0.0000

52 6.62 0.0000 0.0125 0.0000 0.0000

64 5.13 0.0000 0.0064 0.0000 0.0000

60 6.06 0.0000 0.0297 0.0000 0.0000

96 5.09 0.0000 0.0861 0.0000 0.0000

72 6.30 0.0000 0.0025 0.0000 0.0000

68 5.85 0.0000 0.0772 0.0000 0.0000

68 6.44 0.0000 0.0504 0.0000 0.0000

80 0.86 5.40 4.00 0.64 0.0091 0.0032 0.0091 0.0000

59 4.33 0.0000 0.0036 0.0000 0.0000

84 6.14 0.0000 0.0012 0.0000 0.0000

94 5.75 0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000

82 4.84 1.22 0.44 0.0000 0.0011 0.0032 0.0000

60 5.87 3.96 0.39 0.0000 0.0006 0.0017 0.0000

62 6.19 1.69 0.30 0.0000 0.0009 0.0026 0.0000

75 3.87 0.0000 0.0046 0.0000 0.0000

58 3.91 0.0000 0.0069 0.0000 0.0000

54 5.40 0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000

67 4.89 0.0000 0.0148 0.0000 0.0000

80 4.80 0.0000 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000

60 4.12 0.0000 0.0042 0.0000 0.0000

70 5.59 0.0000 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000

56 5.23 0.0000 0.0018 0.0000 0.0000

58 5.12 0.0000 0.0033 0.0000 0.0000

Sales-wgt

EF 0.528845 5.682411 4.235576 2.753546 0.472055 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample

Size 18 71 1 21 19
D15

Table D4. 1998 MY Certification Data (cont.)

100-175 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

167 0.34 5.26 1.05 0.18 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

108 6.47 0.0000 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000

100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.1104 0.0940 0.1101 0.1112

125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.0041 0.0035 0.0041 0.0042

165 0.36 4.95 0.75 0.31 0.0647 0.0551 0.0645 0.0652

110 6.06 0.0000 0.0062 0.0000 0.0000

165 6.24 0.0000 0.0336 0.0000 0.0000

166 4.95 0.0000 0.0029 0.0000 0.0000

100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.1765 0.1504 0.1760 0.1779

125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.0537 0.0457 0.0535 0.0541

165 0.36 4.95 0.75 0.31 0.1891 0.1611 0.1886 0.1906

158 6.53 0.0000 0.0018 0.0000 0.0000

109 6.41 0.0000 0.0018 0.0000 0.0000

133 6.44 0.0000 0.0018 0.0000 0.0000

172 6.48 0.0000 0.0018 0.0000 0.0000

114 0.52 6.54 1.18 0.0014 0.0012 0.0014 0.0000

141 3.71 0.0000 0.0018 0.0000 0.0000

135 0.40 5.70 1.75 0.29 0.2535 0.2160 0.2528 0.2555

155 6.39 0.0000 0.0021 0.0000 0.0000

124 6.60 0.0000 0.0068 0.0000 0.0000

103 6.22 0.0000 0.0310 0.0000 0.0000

158 6.26 0.0000 0.0077 0.0000 0.0000

103 0.57 6.26 1.58 0.39 0.0033 0.0028 0.0033 0.0033

153 0.51 5.65 0.49 0.26 0.0126 0.0108 0.0126 0.0127

106 6.01 0.0000 0.0095 0.0000 0.0000

144 6.61 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000

100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.0085 0.0072 0.0085 0.0086

125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.0012 0.0010 0.0012 0.0012

165 0.36 4.95 0.75 0.31 0.0140 0.0119 0.0140 0.0141

114 5.87 0.0000 0.0049 0.0000 0.0000

148 0.16 6.58 0.70 0.13 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

168 0.34 6.17 0.63 0.13 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

162 0.62 6.11 0.90 0.28 0.0006 0.0005 0.0006 0.0006

108 6.11 0.0000 0.0137 0.0000 0.0000

113 4.41 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000

108 0.17 5.99 0.37 0.17 0.0555 0.0473 0.0553 0.0559

121 0.68 6.11 1.22 0.18 0.0117 0.0100 0.0117 0.0118

166 0.38 6.21 0.56 0.22 0.0196 0.0167 0.0195 0.0197

118 6.30 0.0000 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000

103 6.19 0.0000 0.0070 0.0000 0.0000

103 0.53 5.30 1.24 0.51 0.0018 0.0015 0.0018 0.0018

100 0.57 5.50 1.35 0.47 0.0024 0.0020 0.0023 0.0024

102 6.68 0.0000 0.0027 0.0000 0.0000

127 5.38 0.0000 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000

117 6.23 0.0000 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000

172 6.23 0.0000 0.0027 0.0000 0.0000

173 0.54 6.57 1.83 0.42 0.0032 0.0027 0.0032 0.0032
Table D4. 1998 MY Certification Data (cont.)

100-175 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

D16

123 4.12 0.64 0.0000 0.0015 0.0018 0.0018

122 0.07 5.75 1.06 0.44 0.0021 0.0018 0.0021 0.0022

142 5.92 1.33 0.31 0.0000 0.0010 0.0011 0.0011

138 6.68 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000

161 0.23 5.96 0.83 0.0092 0.0078 0.0092 0.0000

Sales-wgt

EF 0.355336 5.743938 0.961288 0.276378 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample

Size 25 52 27 24
D17

Table D4. 1998 MY Certification Data (cont.)

175-300 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

257 0.43 6.43 0.76 0.20 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

261 0.47 6.06 0.89 0.27 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013

248 0.34 5.31 1.04 0.35 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

200 0.26 5.13 0.60 0.22 0.0124 0.0124 0.0124 0.0124

215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.32 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184 0.0184

260 0.44 5.82 0.70 0.27 0.0222 0.0222 0.0222 0.0222

240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0222 0.0222 0.0222 0.0222

278 0.13 4.70 0.51 0.15 0.0061 0.0061 0.0061 0.0061

280 0.47 5.47 0.52 0.23 0.0160 0.0160 0.0160 0.0160

275 0.11 4.56 1.26 0.26 0.0049 0.0049 0.0049 0.0049

205 0.19 5.96 1.73 0.25 0.0056 0.0056 0.0056 0.0056

260 0.17 6.48 0.82 0.29 0.0108 0.0108 0.0108 0.0108

290 0.10 5.60 2.19 0.32 0.0030 0.0030 0.0030 0.0030

260 0.42 6.16 1.30 0.39 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018

225 0.41 5.70 0.84 0.22 0.0253 0.0253 0.0253 0.0253

275 0.04 4.76 0.31 0.14 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013

200 0.26 5.13 0.60 0.22 0.0726 0.0726 0.0726 0.0726

215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.32 0.0749 0.0749 0.0749 0.0749

260 0.44 5.82 0.70 0.27 0.0616 0.0616 0.0616 0.0616

240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0738 0.0738 0.0738 0.0738

284 0.41 5.76 0.52 0.22 0.0042 0.0042 0.0042 0.0042

200 0.19 4.05 0.92 0.28 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

253 0.34 6.58 0.57 0.21 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

188 0.50 5.29 1.31 0.37 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

256 0.46 6.11 0.52 0.27 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

296 0.23 4.78 0.72 0.21 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

261 0.47 6.06 0.89 0.27 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

220 0.20 5.87 0.72 0.27 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050

234 0.19 5.45 0.62 0.25 0.0104 0.0104 0.0104 0.0104

196 0.28 5.44 0.65 0.28 0.3023 0.3023 0.3023 0.3023

197 0.23 5.52 0.75 0.29 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074

263 0.43 6.13 2.68 0.31 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040

294 0.38 5.99 0.95 0.23 0.1154 0.1154 0.1154 0.1154

280 0.49 6.14 2.52 0.31 0.0157 0.0157 0.0157 0.0157

294 0.64 6.38 2.37 0.40 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

283 0.09 6.38 0.51 0.12 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020

196 0.35 6.52 0.95 0.36 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006

240 0.29 4.88 0.73 0.23 0.0056 0.0056 0.0056 0.0056

187 0.26 5.99 0.73 0.15 0.0026 0.0026 0.0026 0.0026

189 0.37 5.87 0.76 0.35 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

241 0.41 6.44 1.11 0.34 0.0028 0.0028 0.0028 0.0028

227 0.51 6.72 1.07 0.33 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006

193 0.60 6.69 0.85 0.28 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010

296 0.38 6.19 0.54 0.22 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

255 0.42 5.77 0.82 0.26 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006

200 0.26 5.13 0.60 0.22 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036

215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.32 0.0049 0.0049 0.0049 0.0049
Table D4. 1998 MY Certification Data (cont.)

175-300 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

D18

240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0052 0.0052 0.0052 0.0052

189 0.31 5.40 0.92 0.21 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010

252 0.22 6.23 0.30 0.23 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027

211 0.37 5.42 0.57 0.22 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

253 0.23 5.28 0.47 0.27 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

231 0.32 4.69 0.46 0.15 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

260 0.18 6.35 0.73 0.15 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

275 0.14 5.38 0.48 0.14 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

248 0.34 5.31 1.04 0.35 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

247 0.57 6.13 0.69 0.17 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

225 0.11 6.63 0.57 0.13 0.0028 0.0028 0.0028 0.0028

210 0.12 6.55 1.15 0.20 0.0048 0.0048 0.0048 0.0048

225 0.14 6.73 0.64 0.16 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018

228 0.37 5.46 0.60 0.21 0.0294 0.0294 0.0294 0.0294

190 0.66 6.08 1.56 0.40 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

268 0.44 6.50 0.50 0.30 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024

182 0.42 6.43 0.87 0.30 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

207 0.44 6.59 1.15 0.36 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

217 0.36 5.49 1.00 0.22 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

183 0.54 6.63 0.81 0.34 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

227 0.35 0.63 0.51 0.27 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

244 0.19 6.30 1.66 0.36 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

272 0.35 6.44 1.09 0.23 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

255 0.25 5.89 0.40 0.13 0.0056 0.0056 0.0056 0.0056

255 0.25 6.22 1.10 0.14 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033

Sales-wgt

EF 0.316321 5.574079 0.722968 0.262486 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample 

Size 72 72 72 72
D19

Table D4. 1998 MY Certification Data (cont.)

300-600 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

310 0.34 5.48 0.79 0.13 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

373 0.24 6.50 0.51 0.14 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

335 0.27 5.51 0.74 0.28 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

543 0.22 5.66 0.54 0.24 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

300 0.08 5.78 0.43 0.13 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036

425 0.90 6.38 2.17 0.16 0.0514 0.0514 0.0514 0.0514

300 0.28 6.13 0.81 0.36 0.0118 0.0118 0.0118 0.0118

330 0.33 5.28 1.07 0.36 0.0111 0.0111 0.0111 0.0111

397 0.19 5.24 1.35 0.29 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040

362 0.16 5.49 1.57 0.21 0.2369 0.2369 0.2369 0.2369

500 0.13 6.10 1.67 0.17 0.0257 0.0257 0.0257 0.0257

455 0.12 5.48 0.82 0.17 0.0029 0.0029 0.0029 0.0029

599 0.04 6.59 2.67 0.33 0.0715 0.0715 0.0715 0.0715

350 0.22 6.52 1.17 0.20 0.1676 0.1676 0.1676 0.1676

525 0.25 6.36 0.45 0.15 0.0032 0.0032 0.0032 0.0032

480 0.17 6.85 1.16 0.18 0.1718 0.1718 0.1718 0.1718

336 0.14 5.48 0.45 0.15 0.0070 0.0070 0.0070 0.0070

375 0.40 6.03 2.02 0.28 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012

336 0.41 5.99 1.31 0.30 0.0084 0.0084 0.0084 0.0084

399 0.18 5.33 0.91 0.14 0.0285 0.0285 0.0285 0.0285

339 0.21 5.72 0.92 0.15 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020

517 0.17 5.74 0.37 0.13 0.0630 0.0630 0.0630 0.0630

401 0.23 6.02 0.50 0.14 0.0090 0.0090 0.0090 0.0090

313 0.13 6.38 0.59 0.15 0.0077 0.0077 0.0077 0.0077

420 0.36 6.65 0.47 0.18 0.0118 0.0118 0.0118 0.0118

425 0.08 6.44 0.76 0.15 0.0193 0.0193 0.0193 0.0193

567 0.28 5.65 2.26 0.33 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010

586 0.20 4.64 0.45 0.18 0.0029 0.0029 0.0029 0.0029

329 0.26 6.38 0.61 0.19 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018

590 0.34 6.40 0.72 0.23 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

306 0.24 6.29 0.72 0.37 0.0086 0.0086 0.0086 0.0086

493 0.16 4.26 1.04 0.30 0.0037 0.0037 0.0037 0.0037

335 0.19 5.78 0.41 0.18 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

375 0.22 5.72 0.32 0.20 0.0014 0.0014 0.0014 0.0014

525 0.17 6.06 0.60 0.23 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

493 0.16 5.89 0.95 0.28 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

572 0.14 5.86 0.62 0.24 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

571 0.31 3.98 0.48 0.17 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021

531 0.36 5.01 0.40 0.16 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021

327 0.22 6.39 0.46 0.14 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021

327 0.24 6.11 0.48 0.13 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021

308 0.30 5.67 0.45 0.18 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018

335 0.27 5.51 0.74 0.28 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027

543 0.02 5.66 0.54 0.24 0.0064 0.0064 0.0064 0.0064

330 0.07 5.07 0.44 0.10 0.0068 0.0068 0.0068 0.0068

330 0.04 5.64 0.40 0.16 0.0114 0.0114 0.0114 0.0114

381 0.21 6.55 0.61 0.08 0.0167 0.0167 0.0167 0.0167
Table D4. 1998 MY Certification Data (cont.)

300-600 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

D20

496 0.13 6.12 0.28 0.07 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021

Sales-wgt

EF 0.209071 6.126551 1.289223 0.198893 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample

Size 48 48 48 48

Table D4. 1998 MY Certification Data (cont.)

600-750 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

660 0.10 6.03 0.54 0.13 0.0630 0.0630 0.0630 0.0630

640 0.11 5.62 0.83 0.19 0.0132 0.0132 0.0132 0.0132

740 0.10 5.53 1.62 0.33 0.0350 0.0350 0.0350 0.0350

600 0.26 6.02 1.78 0.24 0.2955 0.2955 0.2955 0.2955

606 0.16 6.01 0.58 0.12 0.1128 0.1128 0.1128 0.1128

725 0.16 5.88 0.84 0.12 0.0855 0.0855 0.0855 0.0855

750 0.07 5.84 0.90 0.16 0.0210 0.0210 0.0210 0.0210

750 0.07 5.90 1.29 0.22 0.1089 0.1089 0.1089 0.1089

750 0.06 4.48 1.43 0.24 0.0389 0.0389 0.0389 0.0389

750 0.35 5.80 1.48 0.30 0.1322 0.1322 0.1322 0.1322

750 0.13 5.89 1.06 0.13 0.0855 0.0855 0.0855 0.0855

740 0.24 5.85 1.37 0.28 0.0086 0.0086 0.0086 0.0086

Sales-wgt

EF 0.190719 5.866023 1.277422 0.205116 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample 

Size 12 12 12 12
D21

Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data

25-50 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weighting

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of

HC+NOx*

HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

34 5.21 1.44 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0107 0.0107 0.0107

36 3.12 1.31 0.40 0.0000 0.0000 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

45 5.95 0.48 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

50 6.14 0.0000 0.1061 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

38 6.69 1.92 0.32 0.0000 0.0000 0.0113 0.0113 0.0113

35 5.68 1.74 0.21 0.0000 0.0000 0.0282 0.0282 0.0282

39 6.58 1.84 0.11 0.0000 0.0000 0.0068 0.0068 0.0068

47 5.84 1.35 0.09 0.0000 0.0000 0.0056 0.0056 0.0056

28 3.76 1.24 0.20 0.0000 0.0000 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025

33 3.65 0.87 0.17 0.0000 0.0000 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033

40 4.50 0.62 0.20 0.0000 0.0000 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013

47 3.38 0.87 0.27 0.0000 0.0000 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

27 5.66 1.62 0.56 0.0000 0.0000 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

29 4.11 1.16 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310

40 2.78 1.62 0.42 0.0000 0.0000 0.0507 0.0507 0.0507

45 4.04 0.87 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0158 0.0158 0.0158

28 3.57 2.65 0.43 0.0000 0.0000 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017

27 0.17 4.29 4.46 1.25 0.52 0.038763 0.0019 0.0014 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

37 0.16 3.56 3.72 2.30 0.60 0.043011 0.0027 0.0020 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

32 0.26 4.22 4.49 1.61 0.54 0.058036 0.0360 0.0262 0.0048 0.0048 0.0048

27 0.09 3.95 4.04 0.82 0.42 0.022277 0.0046 0.0034 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006

39 0.14 4.59 4.74 0.90 0.45 0.029598 0.0115 0.0084 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

34 0.16 3.30 3.46 0.68 0.30 0.046243 0.0028 0.0020 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

35 0.56 4.54 5.10 1.52 0.48 0.109804 0.8386 0.6112 0.1127 0.1127 0.1127

34 0.08 4.56 4.64 0.90 0.40 0.017241 0.0616 0.0449 0.0083 0.0083 0.0083

40 0.69 6.18 6.88 1.62 0.25 0.100868 0.0046 0.0034 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006

34 4.59 0.92 0.42 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

46 3.79 0.68 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

34 3.80 0.98 0.54 0.0000 0.0000 0.0058 0.0058 0.0058

47 0.12 6.71 6.83 0.74 0.30 0.01757 0.0042 0.0031 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006

38 6.16 1.66 0.41 0.0000 0.0000 0.0451 0.0451 0.0451

26 4.64 1.30 0.28 0.0000 0.0000 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

31 3.80 1.16 0.36 0.0000 0.0000 0.0163 0.0163 0.0163

42 3.84 0.77 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0047 0.0047 0.0047

26 4.46 0.96 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0417 0.0417 0.0417

41 4.81 0.75 0.25 0.0000 0.0000 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

31 5.27 0.74 0.19 0.0000 0.0000 0.0118 0.0118 0.0118

31 5.11 0.80 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0662 0.0662 0.0662

37 4.47 0.80 0.29 0.0000 0.0000 0.1936 0.1936 0.1936

40 0.18 4.99 5.17 0.94 0.48 0.034632 0.0315 0.0230 0.0042 0.0042 0.0042

30 2.79 3.06 0.46 0.0000 0.0000 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013

38 3.62 2.13 0.51 0.0000 0.0000 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025

25 5.78 3.66 0.43 0.0000 0.0000 0.0045 0.0045 0.0045

33 2.37 1.58 0.53 0.0000 0.0000 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017

30 5.29 1.50 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

35 5.48 1.61 0.36 0.0000 0.0000 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025
Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data

25-50 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weighting

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of

HC+NOx*

HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

D22

40 5.53 2.57 0.22 0.0000 0.0000 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025

44 5.56 1.69 0.34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017

44 5.96 2.39 0.19 0.0000 0.0000 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017

38 6.00 1.25 0.36 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

30 6.51 3.22 0.50 0.0000 0.0000 0.0034 0.0034 0.0034

39 4.73 1.01 0.34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021

35 6.27 2.35 0.48 0.0000 0.0000 0.0118 0.0118 0.0118

44 6.19 1.09 0.53 0.0000 0.0000 0.0225 0.0225 0.0225

34 3.53 3.55 1.22 0.54 0.0000 0.0458 0.0085 0.0085 0.0085

49 3.20 3.31 1.29 0.40 0.0000 0.0917 0.0169 0.0169 0.0169

49 4.85 0.0000 0.0275 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

28 5.78 3.61 0.40 0.0000 0.0000 0.0152 0.0152 0.0152

30 5.82 2.93 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0026 0.0026 0.0026

33 5.76 2.74 0.28 0.0000 0.0000 0.0596 0.0596 0.0596

41 5.97 1.35 0.49 0.0000 0.0000 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006

29 5.82 2.82 0.25 0.0000 0.0000 0.0070 0.0070 0.0070

37 6.76 1.71 0.40 0.0000 0.0000 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

37 6.03 2.59 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0098 0.0098 0.0098

30 6.07 3.01 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0169 0.0169 0.0169

45 5.85 3.21 0.45 0.0000 0.0000 0.0423 0.0423 0.0423

38 5.79 3.23 0.39 0.0000 0.0000 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

48 6.00 1.56 0.44 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

34 5.94 1.87 0.34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0507 0.0507 0.0507

46 6.01 2.54 0.20 0.0000 0.0000 0.0039 0.0039 0.0039

41 5.76 2.79 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0041 0.0041 0.0041

48 6.25 1.59 0.28 0.0000 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

27 3.04 0.98 0.40 0.0000 0.0000 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036

39 5.53 1.96 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015

Sales-wgt

EF 0.4965 4.5584 4.9834 1.5421 0.3561 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample

Size 11 15 72 72 72 0.047095

Calc HC* 0.2347

Calc NOx* 4.7487

* HC fraction of HC+NOx = HC ÷ (HC+NOx). The average HC fraction is not a sales-weighted average.

Calculated HC = ( avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).

Calculated NOx = (1- avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).
D23

Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data (cont.)

50-100 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx CO wgt PM wgt

67 6.40 0.0000 0.0035 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

79 5.74 0.0000 0.0007 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

96 5.81 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

80 0.48 7.61 4.32 0.56 0.1942 0.0652 0.0000 0.1802 0.1814

67 0.75 6.35 1.96 0.34 0.1177 0.0395 0.0000 0.1092 0.1100

75 0.70 5.68 2.28 0.49 0.1618 0.0544 0.0000 0.1502 0.1512

80 0.72 5.78 3.26 0.51 0.0647 0.0217 0.0000 0.0601 0.0605

56 0.46 5.71 2.19 0.29 0.0309 0.0104 0.0000 0.0287 0.0289

75 0.70 5.68 2.28 0.49 0.0486 0.0163 0.0000 0.0451 0.0454

98 0.71 6.30 1.68 0.21 0.0008 0.0003 0.0000 0.0008 0.0008

62 6.23 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

57 6.20 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

55 5.80 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

59 6.56 0.0000 0.0216 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

84 5.74 0.0000 0.0306 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

59 0.89 8.82 3.55 0.84 0.0099 0.0033 0.0000 0.0092 0.0092

74 5.82 0.0000 0.0045 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

82 5.23 0.0000 0.0552 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

53 6.32 0.0000 0.0280 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

56 6.70 2.22 0.34 0.0000 0.0000 0.9552 0.0655 0.0660

60 6.16 0.0000 0.0173 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

72 6.30 0.0000 0.0018 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

56 5.21 0.0000 0.0040 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

70 5.02 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

96 6.32 0.0000 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

74 3.22 0.0000 0.0049 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

78 6.22 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

52 4.59 0.0000 0.0148 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

50 4.14 0.0000 0.0030 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

52 0.17 5.22 1.18 0.45 0.0049 0.0016 0.0000 0.0045 0.0045

54 0.69 4.15 1.45 0.36 0.0183 0.0062 0.0000 0.0170 0.0171

51 0.60 6.68 3.04 0.63 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003

61 0.46 6.07 1.33 0.32 0.0121 0.0041 0.0000 0.0112 0.0113

64 0.43 5.62 2.17 0.60 0.0056 0.0019 0.0000 0.0052 0.0052

73 0.24 4.79 0.87 0.52 0.0110 0.0037 0.0000 0.0102 0.0103

56 0.48 4.88 0.46 0.27 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003

63 0.52 6.27 1.67 0.57 0.0118 0.0040 0.0000 0.0109 0.0110

71 0.55 5.27 2.17 0.57 0.0236 0.0079 0.0000 0.0219 0.0221

91 0.42 6.63 1.32 0.54 0.0287 0.0096 0.0000 0.0266 0.0268

59 6.65 0.0000 0.0230 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

80 0.72 5.78 3.26 0.51 0.0044 0.0015 0.0000 0.0041 0.0041

98 0.71 6.30 1.68 0.21 0.0008 0.0003 0.0000 0.0008 0.0008

56 0.46 5.71 2.19 0.29 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002

59 4.37 0.0000 0.0022 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

56 4.18 0.0000 0.0148 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

86 5.42 0.0000 0.0089 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

93 4.71 0.0000 0.0074 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data (cont.)

50-100 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx CO wgt PM wgt

D24

72 4.31 0.0000 0.0119 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

54 0.55 6.31 2.42 0.0060 0.0020 0.0000 0.0056 0.0000

58 0.08 3.32 3.41 0.89 0.0011 0.0004 0.0149 0.0010 0.0000

59 3.34 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

54 2.62 0.0000 0.0047 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

79 5.06 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

50 4.09 0.80 0.25 0.0000 0.0000 0.0299 0.0020 0.0021

57 4.46 0.0000 0.0061 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

55 2.91 0.0000 0.0014 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

51 5.35 0.0000 0.0083 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

87 5.92 0.0000 0.0058 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

52 6.32 0.0000 0.0050 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

89 6.40 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

67 0.14 4.94 1.07 0.45 0.1378 0.0463 0.0000 0.1279 0.1288

92 0.27 5.62 0.99 0.27 0.0902 0.0303 0.0000 0.0837 0.0842

58 3.00 0.0000 0.0012 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

85 2.18 0.0000 0.0013 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

59 5.90 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

58 3.23 0.0000 0.0247 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

81 5.43 0.0000 0.0059 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

52 6.62 0.0000 0.0104 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

64 5.13 0.0000 0.0049 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

60 6.06 0.0000 0.0247 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

96 5.09 0.0000 0.1503 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

68 5.85 0.0000 0.0652 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

68 6.34 0.0000 0.0420 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

80 0.83 6.00 3.19 0.63 0.0063 0.0021 0.0000 0.0059 0.0059

80 0.86 5.40 4.00 0.64 0.0079 0.0027 0.0000 0.0074 0.0074

59 4.33 0.0000 0.0030 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

84 6.14 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

94 5.75 0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

82 4.84 1.22 0.44 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0029 0.0029

62 6.06 3.96 0.39 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001

100 6.27 0.87 0.41 0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 0.0007 0.0007

62 6.19 1.69 0.30 0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 0.0007 0.0007

75 3.87 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

58 3.91 0.0000 0.0022 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

54 5.40 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

67 4.89 0.0000 0.0163 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

80 4.80 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

56 5.23 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

58 5.12 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

60 4.12 0.0000 0.0025 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

70 5.59 0.0000 0.0049 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

93 5.35 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

100 5.73 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data (cont.)

50-100 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx CO wgt PM wgt

D25

Sales-wgt

EF 0.517642 5.613376 6.569501 2.34687 0.452553 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample

Size 27 91 3 33 31
D26

Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data (cont.)

100-175 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

167 0.34 5.26 1.05 0.18 0.0004 0.0003 0.0004 0.0004

108 6.47 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000

100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.1343 0.1074 0.1342 0.1355

125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.0048 0.0039 0.0048 0.0049

155 0.38 4.23 0.75 0.35 0.1246 0.0996 0.1245 0.1257

110 6.06 0.0000 0.0014 0.0000 0.0000

165 6.24 0.0000 0.0373 0.0000 0.0000

166 4.95 0.0000 0.0030 0.0000 0.0000

100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.2077 0.1660 0.2075 0.2095

125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.1179 0.0942 0.1178 0.1189

158 6.53 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000

109 6.41 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000

133 6.50 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000

141 4.97 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000

172 4.83 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000

168 0.11 6.17 0.63 0.13 0.0004 0.0003 0.0004 0.0004

162 0.62 6.11 0.90 0.29 0.0004 0.0003 0.0004 0.0004

135 0.40 5.70 1.75 0.29 0.2486 0.1987 0.2483 0.2507

155 6.39 0.0000 0.0022 0.0000 0.0000

108 6.55 0.0000 0.0102 0.0000 0.0000

157 6.65 0.0000 0.0074 0.0000 0.0000

103 0.57 6.26 1.58 0.39 0.0071 0.0056 0.0070 0.0071

144 0.53 6.08 0.55 0.28 0.0187 0.0150 0.0187 0.0189

144 6.61 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000

100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.0100 0.0080 0.0100 0.0101

125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.0014 0.0011 0.0014 0.0014

155 0.38 4.23 0.75 0.35 0.0165 0.0132 0.0165 0.0166

114 5.87 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000

103 5.94 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000

151 5.60 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000

120 5.50 0.0000 0.0200 0.0000 0.0000

144 5.80 0.0000 0.0121 0.0000 0.0000

118 5.52 0.0000 0.0007 0.0000 0.0000

113 4.41 0.0000 0.0050 0.0000 0.0000

173 5.79 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000

108 0.17 5.99 0.37 0.17 0.0515 0.0411 0.0514 0.0519

116 0.62 5.36 1.39 0.18 0.0101 0.0081 0.0101 0.0102

168 0.37 5.68 0.54 0.17 0.0257 0.0206 0.0257 0.0260

118 6.30 0.0000 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000

164 5.92 0.0000 0.0161 0.0000 0.0000

103 6.19 0.0000 0.0125 0.0000 0.0000

120 5.55 0.0000 0.0453 0.0000 0.0000

173 6.05 0.0000 0.0050 0.0000 0.0000

115 5.77 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000

135 0.45 6.68 0.92 0.24 0.0009 0.0007 0.0009 0.0009

150 0.50 5.74 1.06 0.49 0.0009 0.0007 0.0009 0.0009

103 0.53 5.30 1.24 0.51 0.0021 0.0017 0.0021 0.0022
Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data (cont.)

100-175 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

D27

130 0.63 6.61 1.21 0.36 0.0015 0.0012 0.0015 0.0015

100 0.57 5.50 1.35 0.47 0.0028 0.0022 0.0028 0.0028

114 6.39 0.0000 0.0030 0.0000 0.0000

127 5.38 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000

117 6.23 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000

172 6.23 0.0000 0.0030 0.0000 0.0000

173 0.54 6.57 1.83 0.42 0.0013 0.0010 0.0013 0.0013

123 4.12 0.64 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003 0.0000

122 0.07 5.75 1.06 0.43 0.0010 0.0008 0.0010 0.0010

142 5.92 1.33 0.31 0.0000 0.0005 0.0007 0.0007

138 6.68 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000

161 0.23 5.96 0.83 0.0094 0.0075 0.0093 0.0000

Sales-wgt

EF 0.351590 5.749792 0.937310 0.270345 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample

Size 25 59 27 25
D28

Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data (cont.)

175-300 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

257 0.43 6.43 0.76 0.20 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

200 0.26 5.13 0.60 0.22 0.0290 0.0290 0.0290 0.0290

215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.32 0.0136 0.0136 0.0136 0.0136

260 0.44 5.82 0.70 0.27 0.0091 0.0091 0.0091 0.0091

240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0091 0.0091 0.0091 0.0091

280 0.47 5.47 0.52 0.23 0.0207 0.0207 0.0207 0.0207

275 0.11 4.56 1.26 0.26 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012

205 0.19 5.96 1.73 0.25 0.0041 0.0041 0.0041 0.0041

255 0.08 6.20 0.96 0.27 0.0108 0.0108 0.0108 0.0108

294 0.09 5.45 2.19 0.34 0.0041 0.0041 0.0041 0.0041

260 0.36 5.73 1.30 0.39 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

225 0.41 5.70 0.84 0.22 0.0252 0.0252 0.0252 0.0252

240 0.10 5.06 0.38 0.15 0.0414 0.0414 0.0414 0.0414

200 0.26 5.13 0.60 0.22 0.0746 0.0746 0.0746 0.0746

215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.32 0.0787 0.0787 0.0787 0.0787

260 0.44 5.82 0.70 0.27 0.0575 0.0575 0.0575 0.0575

240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0828 0.0828 0.0828 0.0828

280 0.47 5.47 0.52 0.23 0.0083 0.0083 0.0083 0.0083

200 0.25 5.43 1.23 0.35 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015

253 0.34 6.58 0.57 0.20 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015

296 0.31 6.41 0.96 0.25 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015

261 0.47 6.06 0.89 0.27 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

248 0.34 5.31 1.04 0.35 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

275 0.14 5.38 0.48 0.14 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

220 0.20 5.87 0.72 0.27 0.0043 0.0043 0.0043 0.0043

234 0.19 5.45 0.62 0.25 0.0108 0.0108 0.0108 0.0108

196 0.28 5.44 0.65 0.28 0.2781 0.2781 0.2781 0.2781

197 0.23 5.52 0.75 0.29 0.0097 0.0097 0.0097 0.0097

294 0.38 5.99 0.95 0.23 0.0988 0.0988 0.0988 0.0988

285 0.46 6.51 1.19 0.22 0.0146 0.0146 0.0146 0.0146

216 0.59 6.20 1.55 0.28 0.0260 0.0260 0.0260 0.0260

285 0.47 4.59 0.73 0.26 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040

237 0.78 6.32 1.31 0.38 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

196 0.35 6.52 0.95 0.36 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017

187 0.26 5.99 0.73 0.15 0.0039 0.0039 0.0039 0.0039

186 0.34 6.28 0.69 0.23 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017

189 0.37 5.87 0.76 0.35 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

249 0.48 6.37 1.08 0.24 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

243 0.40 5.88 1.67 0.37 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

241 0.41 6.44 1.11 0.34 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

227 0.51 6.72 1.07 0.33 0.0034 0.0034 0.0034 0.0034

193 0.60 6.69 0.85 0.21 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

200 0.26 5.13 0.60 0.22 0.0034 0.0034 0.0034 0.0034

215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.32 0.0046 0.0046 0.0046 0.0046

240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0049 0.0049 0.0049 0.0049

280 0.47 5.47 0.52 0.23 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

189 0.31 5.40 0.92 0.21 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009
Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data (cont.)

175-300 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

D29

252 0.22 6.23 0.30 0.23 0.0026 0.0026 0.0026 0.0026

211 0.37 5.42 0.57 0.22 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

253 0.23 5.28 0.47 0.27 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

244 0.39 6.24 0.74 0.18 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

247 0.57 6.13 0.69 0.17 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

184 0.30 6.70 0.61 0.18 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010

280 0.19 5.68 0.51 0.18 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017

298 0.37 6.32 1.16 0.30 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012

225 0.11 6.63 0.57 0.13 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

210 0.13 6.73 1.77 0.21 0.0019 0.0019 0.0019 0.0019

210 0.12 6.55 1.15 0.20 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017

225 0.14 6.73 0.64 0.16 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017

286 0.39 5.07 0.50 0.20 0.0246 0.0246 0.0246 0.0246

190 0.66 6.08 1.56 0.40 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

268 0.44 6.50 0.50 0.22 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013

177 0.34 6.20 0.89 0.28 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

182 0.42 6.43 0.87 0.30 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

207 0.44 6.59 1.15 0.36 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

217 0.36 5.49 1.00 0.22 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

183 0.54 6.63 0.81 0.34 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

227 0.35 6.34 0.51 0.27 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

244 0.19 6.30 1.66 0.36 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015

272 0.35 6.44 1.09 0.23 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015

255 0.25 5.89 0.40 0.13 0.0055 0.0055 0.0055 0.0055

Sales-wgt

EF 0.314974 5.549376 0.695869 0.257528 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample

Size 71 71 71 71
D30

Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data (cont.)

300-600 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

310 0.34 5.48 0.79 0.13 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

415 0.10 4.65 0.40 0.08 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036

340 0.12 3.91 0.56 0.17 0.0271 0.0271 0.0271 0.0271

300 0.08 5.78 0.43 0.13 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036

425 0.90 6.38 2.17 0.16 0.0522 0.0522 0.0522 0.0522

300 0.28 6.13 0.81 0.36 0.0049 0.0049 0.0049 0.0049

330 0.33 5.28 1.07 0.36 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060

397 0.19 4.65 1.35 0.19 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027

362 0.16 5.49 1.57 0.21 0.1859 0.1859 0.1859 0.1859

500 0.13 6.10 1.67 0.17 0.0260 0.0260 0.0260 0.0260

455 0.12 5.48 0.82 0.17 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036

599 0.04 6.59 2.67 0.33 0.0763 0.0763 0.0763 0.0763

535 0.08 5.79 2.10 0.34 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060

350 0.22 6.52 1.17 0.20 0.0597 0.0597 0.0597 0.0597

430 0.14 6.29 0.34 0.13 0.0199 0.0199 0.0199 0.0199

480 0.17 6.85 1.16 0.18 0.1809 0.1809 0.1809 0.1809

525 0.16 6.52 0.65 0.16 0.0109 0.0109 0.0109 0.0109

336 0.14 5.48 0.45 0.15 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071

422 0.15 4.97 0.40 0.11 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

563 0.14 5.11 0.40 0.11 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

308 0.28 5.68 0.45 0.20 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

335 0.27 5.51 0.74 0.28 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027

543 0.22 5.66 0.54 0.25 0.0099 0.0099 0.0099 0.0099

336 0.37 4.65 0.68 0.25 0.0282 0.0282 0.0282 0.0282

336 0.41 5.99 1.31 0.30 0.0072 0.0072 0.0072 0.0072

339 0.21 5.72 0.92 0.15 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035

399 0.18 5.33 0.91 0.15 0.0047 0.0047 0.0047 0.0047

517 0.17 5.74 0.37 0.13 0.0575 0.0575 0.0575 0.0575

401 0.23 6.02 0.50 0.14 0.0158 0.0158 0.0158 0.0158

431 0.17 5.59 0.43 0.15 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071

361 0.20 5.77 0.62 0.16 0.0061 0.0061 0.0061 0.0061

350 0.08 5.74 2.10 0.15 0.0089 0.0089 0.0089 0.0089

313 0.13 6.38 0.59 0.14 0.0116 0.0116 0.0116 0.0116

430 0.35 6.64 0.56 0.19 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022

425 0.08 6.44 0.76 0.16 0.0689 0.0689 0.0689 0.0689

586 0.20 4.64 0.45 0.18 0.0043 0.0043 0.0043 0.0043

329 0.26 6.38 0.61 0.19 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025

590 0.34 6.40 0.72 0.24 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

335 0.26 6.17 1.05 0.32 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

306 0.24 6.29 0.72 0.37 0.0137 0.0137 0.0137 0.0137

326 0.50 4.04 0.43 0.14 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010

493 0.16 4.26 1.04 0.22 0.0014 0.0014 0.0014 0.0014

493 0.16 5.89 0.95 0.28 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

335 0.19 5.78 0.41 0.18 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

375 0.22 5.72 0.32 0.20 0.0038 0.0038 0.0038 0.0038

525 0.17 6.06 0.60 0.23 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

571 0.31 3.98 0.48 0.17 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022
Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data (cont.)

300-600 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

D31

475 0.28 4.09 0.46 0.15 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022

327 0.22 6.39 0.46 0.14 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022

327 0.24 6.11 0.48 0.13 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022

330 0.07 5.07 0.44 0.10 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036

330 0.04 5.64 0.40 0.16 0.0116 0.0116 0.0116 0.0116

313 0.27 6.26 0.31 0.06 0.0134 0.0134 0.0134 0.0134

381 0.21 6.55 0.61 0.08 0.0186 0.0186 0.0186 0.0186

496 0.13 6.12 0.28 0.07 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

Sales-wgt

EF 0.201521 6.049760 1.201752 0.192703 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample

Size 55 55 55 55

Table D5. 1999 MY Certification Data (cont.)

600-750 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

660 0.05 6.24 0.83 0.14 0.1765 0.1765 0.1765 0.1765

740 0.05 5.68 1.57 0.25 0.2857 0.2857 0.2857 0.2857

640 0.11 5.62 0.83 0.19 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071

730 0.06 5.04 0.99 0.19 0.0903 0.0903 0.0903 0.0903

740 0.10 5.53 1.62 0.33 0.0429 0.0429 0.0429 0.0429

600 0.26 6.02 1.78 0.24 0.1618 0.1618 0.1618 0.1618

686 0.20 5.70 0.65 0.30 0.0139 0.0139 0.0139 0.0139

750 0.07 5.84 0.90 0.16 0.0113 0.0113 0.0113 0.0113

750 0.07 5.90 1.29 0.22 0.0588 0.0588 0.0588 0.0588

750 0.06 4.48 1.43 0.24 0.0597 0.0597 0.0597 0.0597

750 0.35 5.80 1.48 0.30 0.0828 0.0828 0.0828 0.0828

641 0.26 5.84 0.83 0.18 0.0046 0.0046 0.0046 0.0046

740 0.24 5.85 1.37 0.28 0.0046 0.0046 0.0046 0.0046

Sales-wgt

EF 0.118392 5.723896 1.361031 0.227162 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample

Size 13 13 13 13
D32

Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data

0-11 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of

HC+NOx*

HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

6 6.57 7.33 4.20 0.07 0.0000 0.1007 0.0289 0.0289 0.0289

6 5.28 7.78 3.16 0.12 0.0000 0.0280 0.0080 0.0080 0.0080

10 3.36 1.04 0.28 0.0000 0.0000 0.0088 0.0088 0.0088

7 3.82 2.11 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0096 0.0096 0.0096

7 3.77 2.95 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0225 0.0225 0.0225

11 5.45 4.10 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0096 0.0096 0.0096

10 5.23 1.68 0.21 0.0000 0.0000 0.0193 0.0193 0.0193

7 6.54 3.81 0.43 0.0000 0.0000 0.0123 0.0123 0.0123

8 5.76 4.50 0.52 0.0000 0.0000 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006

10 5.03 4.21 0.42 0.0000 0.0000 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006

4 0.78 5.18 5.96 3.93 0.66 0.131414 0.1309 0.1141 0.0328 0.0328 0.0328

7 0.71 4.82 5.53 3.83 0.57 0.128205 0.6675 0.5817 0.1672 0.1672 0.1672

8 0.58 5.74 6.32 3.29 0.45 0.091981 0.1309 0.1141 0.0328 0.0328 0.0328

11 0.57 5.10 5.67 3.18 0.54 0.101183 0.0706 0.0615 0.0177 0.0177 0.0177

4 6.61 5.00 0.50 0.0000 0.0000 0.2089 0.2089 0.2089

7 6.25 5.03 0.49 0.0000 0.0000 0.1607 0.1607 0.1607

10 6.30 3.84 0.39 0.0000 0.0000 0.1832 0.1832 0.1832

7 6.57 3.61 0.48 0.0000 0.0000 0.0164 0.0164 0.0164

10 3.72 1.91 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0501 0.0501 0.0501

9 3.88 3.84 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0096 0.0096 0.0096

Sales-wgt

EF 0.692103 5.170337 5.966223 4.051366 0.452858 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample

Size 4 6 20 20 20 0.113196

Calc HC* 0.675351

Calc

NOx* 5.290871

* HC fraction of HC+NOx = HC ÷ (HC+NOx). The average HC fraction is not a sales-weighted average.

Calculated HC = ( avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).

Calculated NOx = (1- avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).
D33

Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data

11-25 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of

HC+NOx*

HC wgt NOx

wgt

HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

19 5.02 1.36 0.45 0.0000 0.0000 0.0030 0.0032 0.0030

17 0.58 3.79 4.37 3.82 0.57 0.131868 0.0373 0.0289 0.0051 0.0053 0.0051

25 0.45 4.07 4.52 3.09 0.38 0.099558 0.1493 0.1156 0.0203 0.0211 0.0203

21 4.30 1.74 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

17 5.26 1.69 0.39 0.0000 0.0000 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012

18 5.15 0.77 0.23 0.0000 0.0000 0.0013 0.0014 0.0013

23 3.98 1.08 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0034 0.0035 0.0034

11 4.88 1.88 0.50 0.0000 0.0000 0.0026 0.0027 0.0026

17 4.38 2.36 0.52 0.0000 0.0000 0.0140 0.0146 0.0140

12 5.54 2.57 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0081 0.0084 0.0081

18 1.10 4.96 0.56 0.0000 0.2254 0.0395 0.0000 0.0395

21 3.68 1.34 0.57 0.0000 0.0000 0.0130 0.0135 0.0130

24 3.54 1.06 0.30 0.0000 0.0000 0.0020 0.0021 0.0020

24 5.67 1.66 0.56 0.0000 0.0000 0.0022 0.0023 0.0022

25 6.45 1.20 0.41 0.0000 0.0000 0.0022 0.0023 0.0022

19 3.40 0.99 0.37 0.0000 0.0000 0.0028 0.0029 0.0028

18 0.17 5.59 5.76 0.97 0.54 0.028849 0.0033 0.0025 0.0004 0.0005 0.0004

17 0.10 3.48 3.58 0.56 0.33 0.027933 0.1866 0.1445 0.0253 0.0264 0.0253

25 0.11 3.38 3.49 0.56 0.30 0.030399 0.0974 0.0754 0.0132 0.0138 0.0132

12 5.53 2.77 0.22 0.0000 0.0000 0.3139 0.3268 0.3139

23 4.30 1.73 0.14 0.0000 0.0000 0.0810 0.0843 0.0810

22 4.66 1.50 0.12 0.0000 0.0000 0.0253 0.0264 0.0253

20 5.66 2.23 0.21 0.0000 0.0000 0.0041 0.0042 0.0041

16 4.02 3.13 0.19 0.0000 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

19 6.24 4.15 0.43 0.0000 0.0000 0.0223 0.0232 0.0223

21 4.30 1.74 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0046 0.0047 0.0046

18 5.97 2.73 0.50 0.0000 0.0000 0.0152 0.0158 0.0152

21 4.10 2.24 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0101 0.0105 0.0101

15 0.72 5.29 6.02 3.70 0.43 0.120198 0.0410 0.0318 0.0056 0.0058 0.0056

15 0.43 5.70 6.12 2.41 0.39 0.069428 0.0784 0.0607 0.0106 0.0111 0.0106

16 0.57 5.62 6.19 3.00 0.37 0.092771 0.0187 0.0145 0.0025 0.0026 0.0025

22 0.77 5.17 5.94 3.04 0.45 0.129397 0.3881 0.3006 0.0527 0.0548 0.0527

12 5.03 2.95 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0010 0.0011 0.0010

16 4.46 2.98 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0450 0.0468 0.0450

12 3.17 1.47 0.30 0.0000 0.0000 0.0505 0.0526 0.0505

19 4.29 1.28 0.08 0.0000 0.0000 0.0284 0.0295 0.0284

22 3.47 2.27 0.19 0.0000 0.0000 0.0374 0.0390 0.0374

24 5.63 0.90 0.25 0.0000 0.0000 0.0837 0.0872 0.0837

17 4.88 1.55 0.42 0.0000 0.0000 0.0398 0.0414 0.0398

18 3.24 1.91 0.32 0.0000 0.0000 0.0061 0.0063 0.0061

Sales-wgt

EF 0.489983 3.749647 4.948900 2.207041 0.289982 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample

Size 9 10 40 39 40 0.081156

Calc HC* 0.401631

Calc NOx* 4.547269
D34

* HC fraction of HC+NOx = HC ÷ (HC+NOx). The average HC fraction is not a sales-weighted average.

Calculated HC = ( avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).

Calculated NOx = (1- avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).
D35

Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.)

25-50 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of

HC+NOx*

HC wgt NOx

wgt

HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

42 6.52 3.35 0.42 0.0000 0.0000 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025

25 5.31 1.49 0.50 0.0000 0.0000 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

28 4.92 1.56 0.54 0.0000 0.0000 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022

34 5.21 1.44 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0069 0.0069 0.0069

45 5.95 0.48 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

36 3.12 1.31 0.39 0.0000 0.0000 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

38 3.62 2.13 0.51 0.0000 0.0000 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033

30 2.79 3.06 0.46 0.0000 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

50 6.14 0.0000 0.1584 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

30 6.94 1.64 0.27 0.0000 0.0000 0.0390 0.0390 0.0390

38 6.69 1.92 0.32 0.0000 0.0000 0.0133 0.0133 0.0133

46 6.65 2.29 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0123 0.0123 0.0123

35 5.68 1.74 0.21 0.0000 0.0000 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036

39 6.58 1.84 0.11 0.0000 0.0000 0.0051 0.0051 0.0051

47 5.84 1.35 0.09 0.0000 0.0000 0.0044 0.0044 0.0044

25 4.35 0.64 0.13 0.0000 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

28 3.76 1.24 0.20 0.0000 0.0000 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022

30 3.86 0.83 0.17 0.0000 0.0000 0.0030 0.0030 0.0030

40 4.50 0.62 0.20 0.0000 0.0000 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013

47 3.38 0.87 0.27 0.0000 0.0000 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

26 3.18 0.98 0.37 0.0000 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

27 5.66 1.62 0.56 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

29 4.11 1.16 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0160 0.0159 0.0159

40 2.78 1.62 0.42 0.0000 0.0000 0.0379 0.0379 0.0379

45 4.04 0.87 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0147 0.0147 0.0147

28 3.57 2.65 0.43 0.0000 0.0000 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010

39 4.35 1.89 0.45 0.0000 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

28 0.13 4.23 4.36 1.33 0.54 0.029817 0.0267 0.0167 0.0019 0.0019 0.0019

37 0.16 3.56 3.72 2.30 0.58 0.041678 0.0595 0.0372 0.0043 0.0043 0.0043

37 0.67 6.00 6.67 3.55 0.42 0.10051 0.0017 0.0010 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

27 0.11 4.52 4.63 0.57 0.31 0.023758 0.0017 0.0010 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

27 0.09 3.95 4.04 0.82 0.46 0.021308 0.0278 0.0173 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020

37 0.85 4.85 5.56 2.55 0.38 0.149123 0.0076 0.0047 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

35 0.08 4.56 4.64 0.90 0.40 0.017234 0.0216 0.0135 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

40 0.69 6.19 6.88 1.62 0.25 0.100291 0.0056 0.0035 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

35 0.56 4.54 5.10 1.52 0.48 0.109804 0.7065 0.4409 0.0509 0.0509 0.0509

46 0.04 3.75 3.79 0.68 0.33 0.010554 0.0014 0.0009 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

34 0.14 3.66 3.80 0.98 0.50 0.036842 0.0734 0.0458 0.0053 0.0053 0.0053

47 0.12 6.71 6.83 0.74 0.30 0.01757 0.0050 0.0031 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

48 0.64 6.36 7.00 1.46 0.31 0.091429 0.0151 0.0094 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

38 6.16 1.66 0.41 0.0000 0.0000 0.0363 0.0363 0.0363

26 4.64 1.30 0.28 0.0000 0.0000 0.0076 0.0076 0.0076

31 3.80 1.16 0.36 0.0000 0.0000 0.0400 0.0400 0.0400

42 3.84 0.77 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0073 0.0073 0.0073

26 4.46 0.96 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0545 0.0545 0.0545

41 4.81 0.75 0.25 0.0000 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009
Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.)

25-50 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of

HC+NOx*

HC wgt NOx

wgt

HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

D36

31 5.27 0.74 0.19 0.0000 0.0000 0.0309 0.0309 0.0309

31 5.11 0.80 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0582 0.0581 0.0581

37 4.47 0.80 0.29 0.0000 0.0000 0.2108 0.2107 0.2107

49 5.95 1.93 0.43 0.0000 0.0000 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018

38 5.99 1.58 0.36 0.0000 0.0000 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018

48 4.63 0.93 0.23 0.0000 0.0000 0.0031 0.0031 0.0031

40 0.18 4.99 5.17 0.94 0.48 0.034632 0.0465 0.0290 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033

30 2.79 3.06 0.46 0.0000 0.0000 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

38 3.62 2.13 0.51 0.0000 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

26 2.62 1.83 0.25 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

25 5.78 3.66 0.43 0.0000 0.0000 0.0029 0.0029 0.0029

33 2.37 1.58 0.53 0.0000 0.0000 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013

36 5.73 6.06 1.07 0.33 0.0000 0.0441 0.0051 0.0051 0.0051

30 5.29 1.50 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

35 5.15 5.48 1.61 0.36 0.0000 0.0157 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018

40 4.62 5.53 2.57 0.22 0.0000 0.0236 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027

42 6.35 1.01 0.13 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

44 4.82 5.56 1.69 0.34 0.0000 0.0157 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018

40 6.36 1.33 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015

38 6.00 1.25 0.36 0.0000 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

30 6.51 3.22 0.50 0.0000 0.0000 0.0038 0.0038 0.0038

42 6.07 0.70 0.31 0.0000 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

39 4.73 1.01 0.34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0138 0.0138 0.0138

45 5.62 1.30 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

49 4.09 0.80 0.25 0.0000 0.0000 0.0038 0.0038 0.0038

44 6.19 1.09 0.53 0.0000 0.0000 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

47 5.32 5.81 2.45 0.44 0.0000 0.0693 0.0080 0.0080 0.0080

43 6.35 2.33 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

41 6.35 0.95 0.32 0.0000 0.0055 0.0000 0.0006 0.0006

48 6.25 1.59 0.28 0.0000 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

26 5.45 2.00 0.15 0.0000 0.0000 0.0236 0.0236 0.0236

28 5.78 3.61 0.40 0.0000 0.0000 0.0096 0.0096 0.0096

25 5.53 2.91 0.37 0.0000 0.0000 0.0129 0.0129 0.0129

30 5.82 2.93 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012

25 5.91 3.45 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006

33 5.76 2.74 0.28 0.0000 0.0000 0.0230 0.0230 0.0230

41 5.97 1.35 0.49 0.0000 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

29 5.82 2.82 0.25 0.0000 0.0000 0.0070 0.0070 0.0070

37 6.76 1.71 0.40 0.0000 0.0000 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

25 6.01 3.03 0.32 0.0000 0.0000 0.0222 0.0222 0.0222

37 6.03 2.59 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0181 0.0181 0.0181

25 6.09 3.03 0.20 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

30 6.07 3.01 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0117 0.0117 0.0117

45 5.85 3.21 0.45 0.0000 0.0000 0.0291 0.0291 0.0291

38 5.79 3.23 0.39 0.0000 0.0000 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027

48 6.00 1.56 0.44 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.)

25-50 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of

HC+NOx*

HC wgt NOx

wgt

HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

D37

34 5.94 1.87 0.34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0715 0.0715 0.0715

50 4.85 0.0000 0.0435 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

46 6.01 2.54 0.20 0.0000 0.0000 0.0064 0.0064 0.0064

41 5.76 2.79 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0042 0.0042 0.0042

27 3.04 0.98 0.40 0.0000 0.0000 0.0023 0.0023 0.0023

39 5.53 1.96 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010

Sales-wgt

EF 0.452946 4.893606 5.083919 1.522782 0.331337 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample

Size 14 22 95 96 96 0.056039

Calc HC* 0.284899

Calc NOx* 4.799020

* HC fraction of HC+NOx = HC ÷ (HC+NOx). The average HC fraction is not a sales-weighted average.

Calculated HC = ( avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).

Calculated NOx = (1- avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).
D38

Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.)

50-100 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx

wgt

HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

67 6.40 0.0000 0.0035 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

79 5.74 0.0000 0.0015 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

96 5.81 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

80 0.48 7.61 4.32 0.56 0.1534 0.0381 0.0000 0.1520 0.1572

67 0.75 6.35 1.96 0.34 0.0219 0.0054 0.0000 0.0217 0.0225

75 0.70 5.68 2.28 0.49 0.1315 0.0327 0.0000 0.1303 0.1348

85 0.48 6.14 1.03 0.35 0.0418 0.0104 0.0000 0.0415 0.0429

56 0.46 5.71 2.19 0.29 0.0418 0.0104 0.0000 0.0415 0.0429

75 0.70 5.68 2.28 0.49 0.0279 0.0069 0.0000 0.0276 0.0286

98 0.71 6.30 1.68 0.21 0.0005 0.0001 0.0000 0.0005 0.0005

62 6.23 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

57 6.20 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

55 5.80 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

64 5.92 0.0000 0.0049 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

82 5.23 0.0000 0.0802 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

53 6.32 0.0000 0.0217 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

83 6.47 0.0000 0.0029 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

65 6.20 0.0000 0.0174 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

84 6.79 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

68 6.70 0.0000 0.0030 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

51 5.38 0.0000 0.0015 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

56 5.21 0.0000 0.0042 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

78 6.22 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

52 4.59 0.0000 0.0188 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

50 3.43 0.0000 0.0079 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

52 0.17 5.22 1.18 0.45 0.0094 0.0023 0.0000 0.0093 0.0096

51 1.44 5.79 3.90 0.38 0.0110 0.0027 0.0000 0.0109 0.0112

54 0.69 4.15 1.45 0.36 0.0240 0.0060 0.0000 0.0238 0.0246

51 0.60 6.68 3.04 0.63 0.0011 0.0003 0.0000 0.0011 0.0011

55 0.39 6.16 0.98 0.28 0.0163 0.0041 0.0000 0.0162 0.0167

64 0.43 5.62 2.17 0.60 0.0076 0.0019 0.0000 0.0075 0.0078

76 0.29 5.35 1.08 0.51 0.0149 0.0037 0.0000 0.0148 0.0153

51 0.41 5.34 2.22 0.64 0.0087 0.0022 0.0000 0.0086 0.0089

56 0.48 4.88 0.46 0.27 0.0014 0.0003 0.0000 0.0014 0.0014

83 0.49 4.80 0.76 0.34 0.0099 0.0025 0.0000 0.0098 0.0101

91 0.42 6.63 1.32 0.54 0.0378 0.0094 0.0000 0.0375 0.0388

79 0.55 5.25 2.47 0.55 0.0335 0.0083 0.0000 0.0332 0.0344

86 0.46 4.98 0.83 0.38 0.0013 0.0003 0.0000 0.0013 0.0013

86 0.35 5.09 0.67 0.21 0.0013 0.0003 0.0000 0.0013 0.0014

53 6.56 0.0000 0.0478 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

51 0.05 3.56 0.75 0.20 0.0159 0.0040 0.0000 0.0158 0.0163

78 0.49 3.77 3.00 0.52 0.0159 0.0040 0.0000 0.0158 0.0163

74 0.76 4.70 2.06 0.32 0.0199 0.0050 0.0000 0.0197 0.0204

80 0.72 5.78 3.26 0.51 0.0060 0.0015 0.0000 0.0059 0.0061

98 0.71 6.30 1.68 0.21 0.0050 0.0012 0.0000 0.0049 0.0051

56 0.46 5.71 2.19 0.29 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002
Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.)

50-100 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx

wgt

HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

D39

85 0.48 6.14 1.03 0.35 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002

59 4.37 0.0000 0.0119 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

51 5.12 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

56 4.18 0.0000 0.0114 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

89 3.57 0.0000 0.0178 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

73 3.68 0.0000 0.0124 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

86 5.42 0.0000 0.0104 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

93 4.71 0.0000 0.0114 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

72 4.31 0.0000 0.0054 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

54 0.54 6.31 2.42 0.0157 0.0039 0.0000 0.0156 0.0000

65 0.05 4.18 4.24 0.90 0.0178 0.0044 1.0000 0.0177 0.0000

59 3.34 0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

53 4.60 0.0000 0.0015 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

56 5.95 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

54 2.62 0.0000 0.0048 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

63 5.06 0.0000 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

57 4.46 0.0000 0.0052 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

55 2.91 0.0000 0.0014 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

51 5.35 0.0000 0.0154 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

87 5.92 0.0000 0.0154 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

52 6.32 0.0000 0.0050 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

89 6.40 0.0000 0.0025 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

67 0.22 5.71 1.01 0.54 0.1915 0.0476 0.0000 0.1898 0.1963

92 0.35 6.16 1.22 0.29 0.0992 0.0247 0.0000 0.0983 0.1017

55 2.62 0.0000 0.0012 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

59 5.90 0.0000 0.0012 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

85 2.18 0.0000 0.0013 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

64 5.58 0.0000 0.0124 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

79 6.16 0.0000 0.0067 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

58 3.23 0.0000 0.0109 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

52 6.62 0.0000 0.0097 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

64 5.13 0.0000 0.0045 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

60 6.06 0.0000 0.0258 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

96 5.09 0.0000 0.1312 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

68 5.85 0.0000 0.0669 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

52 5.97 0.0000 0.0421 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

68 6.11 0.0000 0.0099 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

80 0.83 6.00 3.19 0.63 0.0060 0.0015 0.0000 0.0059 0.0061

80 0.86 5.40 4.00 0.64 0.0075 0.0019 0.0000 0.0074 0.0077

59 3.58 0.0000 0.0030 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

84 6.14 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

94 5.75 0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

50 5.80 1.78 0.38 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0034 0.0035

77 0.03 3.55 0.15 0.18 0.0021 0.0005 0.0000 0.0021 0.0021

59 5.59 0.96 0.45 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0040 0.0042

100 6.27 0.87 0.33 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000 0.0015 0.0015
Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.)

50-100 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx

wgt

HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

D40

75 3.87 0.0000 0.0015 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

58 3.91 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

54 5.40 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

67 4.89 0.0000 0.0163 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

80 4.80 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

56 5.23 0.0000 0.0016 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

58 5.12 0.0000 0.0157 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

60 4.12 0.0000 0.0025 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

70 5.59 0.0000 0.0138 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

58 5.72 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

95 5.10 0.0000 0.0030 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

100 5.73 0.0000 0.0114 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Sales-wgt

EF 0.46289 5.494892 4.235576 2.04706 0.46043 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample

Size 35 104 1 38 36
D41

Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.)

100-175 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

173 0.33 6.37 0.78 0.11 0.0006 0.0004 0.0006 0.0006

108 6.47 0.0000 0.0007 0.0000 0.0000

143 6.09 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000

100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.2138 0.1425 0.2133 0.2164

125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.0077 0.0051 0.0077 0.0078

118 0.25 4.53 0.54 0.22 0.0165 0.0110 0.0165 0.0167

155 0.38 4.23 0.75 0.35 0.1983 0.1322 0.1979 0.2008

110 6.06 0.0000 0.0019 0.0000 0.0000

165 6.24 0.0000 0.0495 0.0000 0.0000

166 4.95 0.0000 0.0040 0.0000 0.0000

125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.1202 0.0801 0.1200 0.1217

118 0.25 4.53 0.54 0.22 0.0165 0.0110 0.0165 0.0167

144 4.97 0.0000 0.0026 0.0000 0.0000

109 6.41 0.0000 0.0026 0.0000 0.0000

133 6.50 0.0000 0.0026 0.0000 0.0000

168 0.11 6.17 0.63 0.13 0.0009 0.0006 0.0009 0.0009

155 6.39 0.0000 0.0170 0.0000 0.0000

109 6.32 0.53 0.13 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

157 6.65 0.0000 0.0116 0.0000 0.0000

121 0.49 4.30 1.23 0.28 0.0013 0.0009 0.0013 0.0013

134 0.34 4.30 1.00 0.24 0.0007 0.0004 0.0007 0.0007

103 0.57 6.26 1.58 0.39 0.0127 0.0085 0.0127 0.0129

153 0.51 5.65 0.49 0.26 0.0145 0.0097 0.0145 0.0147

164 0.47 4.67 1.06 0.23 0.0033 0.0022 0.0033 0.0033

139 0.52 4.30 1.25 0.19 0.0012 0.0008 0.0012 0.0012

144 6.61 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000

100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.0881 0.0588 0.0880 0.0892

125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.0220 0.0147 0.0220 0.0223

155 0.38 4.23 0.75 0.35 0.1102 0.0735 0.1100 0.1115

125 5.74 0.0000 0.0134 0.0000 0.0000

103 5.94 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000

151 5.60 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000

120 5.50 0.0000 0.0414 0.0000 0.0000

144 5.80 0.0000 0.0494 0.0000 0.0000

118 5.52 0.0000 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000

113 4.41 0.0000 0.0060 0.0000 0.0000

132 6.05 0.0000 0.0067 0.0000 0.0000

173 5.79 0.0000 0.0027 0.0000 0.0000

108 0.16 6.25 0.43 0.26 0.0759 0.0506 0.0757 0.0768

116 0.57 6.43 1.45 0.33 0.0150 0.0100 0.0150 0.0152

168 0.42 5.85 0.76 0.27 0.0382 0.0255 0.0381 0.0387

118 6.30 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0000

120 5.55 0.0000 0.0287 0.0000 0.0000

103 6.19 0.0000 0.0089 0.0000 0.0000

172 0.13 5.31 0.45 0.25 0.0180 0.0120 0.0180 0.0183

115 5.77 0.0000 0.0067 0.0000 0.0000

152 5.82 0.0000 0.0601 0.0000 0.0000
Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.)

100-175 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

D42

103 0.53 5.30 1.24 0.51 0.0023 0.0015 0.0023 0.0023

135 0.45 6.68 0.92 0.24 0.0010 0.0007 0.0010 0.0010

130 0.63 6.61 1.21 0.36 0.0017 0.0011 0.0017 0.0017

100 0.57 5.50 1.35 0.47 0.0031 0.0021 0.0031 0.0031

114 6.39 0.0000 0.0040 0.0000 0.0000

127 5.38 0.0000 0.0013 0.0000 0.0000

117 6.23 0.0000 0.0013 0.0000 0.0000

172 6.23 0.0000 0.0040 0.0000 0.0000

173 0.54 6.57 1.83 0.42 0.0020 0.0013 0.0020 0.0020

142 5.92 1.33 0.23 0.0000 0.0013 0.0020 0.0020

138 6.68 0.0000 0.0014 0.0000 0.0000

161 0.23 5.96 0.83 0.0141 0.0094 0.0141 0.0000

130 5.05 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000

116 5.82 0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000

Sales-wgt

EF 0.332460 5.593736 0.685810 0.282059 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample

Size 27 61 29 28
D43

Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.)

175-300 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

257 0.43 6.43 0.76 0.20 0.0005 0.0005 0.0000 0.0005 0.0005

200 0.26 5.13 0.60 0.22 0.0678 0.0678 0.0000 0.0678 0.0678

240 0.10 5.06 0.38 0.15 0.0136 0.0136 0.0000 0.0136 0.0136

215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.32 0.0329 0.0329 0.0000 0.0329 0.0329

260 0.44 5.82 0.70 0.27 0.0213 0.0213 0.0000 0.0213 0.0213

240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0213 0.0213 0.0000 0.0213 0.0213

280 0.47 5.47 0.52 0.23 0.0484 0.0484 0.0000 0.0484 0.0484

210 0.20 5.89 1.49 0.33 0.0362 0.0362 0.0000 0.0362 0.0362

275 0.11 4.56 1.26 0.26 0.0027 0.0027 0.0000 0.0027 0.0027

205 0.19 5.96 1.73 0.25 0.0096 0.0096 0.0000 0.0096 0.0096

255 0.08 6.20 0.96 0.29 0.0252 0.0252 0.0000 0.0252 0.0252

290 0.09 5.46 2.19 0.35 0.0097 0.0097 0.0000 0.0097 0.0097

260 0.36 5.73 1.30 0.39 0.0022 0.0022 0.0000 0.0022 0.0022

225 0.41 5.70 0.84 0.22 0.0588 0.0588 0.0000 0.0588 0.0588

240 0.10 5.06 0.38 0.15 0.0968 0.0968 0.0000 0.0968 0.0968

200 0.26 5.13 0.60 0.22 0.1355 0.1355 0.0000 0.1355 0.1355

189 0.33 3.95 0.54 0.20 0.0039 0.0039 0.0000 0.0039 0.0039

240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.1936 0.1936 0.0000 0.1936 0.1936

200 0.25 5.43 1.23 0.35 0.0034 0.0034 0.0000 0.0034 0.0034

296 0.31 6.41 0.96 0.25 0.0034 0.0034 0.0000 0.0034 0.0034

261 0.47 6.06 0.89 0.27 0.0002 0.0002 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002

248 0.34 5.31 1.04 0.35 0.0002 0.0002 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002

275 0.14 5.38 0.48 0.14 0.0014 0.0014 0.0000 0.0014 0.0014

196 0.35 6.52 0.95 0.36 0.0037 0.0037 0.0000 0.0037 0.0037

184 0.24 5.84 0.69 0.15 0.0215 0.0215 0.0000 0.0215 0.0215

186 0.34 6.28 0.69 0.23 0.0017 0.0017 0.0000 0.0017 0.0017

249 0.48 6.37 1.08 0.24 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001

243 0.40 5.88 1.67 0.37 0.0002 0.0002 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002

185 0.54 4.19 4.73 0.93 0.20 0.0004 0.0004 0.5000 0.0004 0.0004

241 0.21 4.14 4.35 0.67 0.17 0.0004 0.0004 0.5000 0.0004 0.0004

241 0.41 6.44 1.11 0.34 0.0024 0.0024 0.0000 0.0024 0.0024

227 0.51 6.72 1.07 0.33 0.0055 0.0055 0.0000 0.0055 0.0055

193 0.60 6.69 0.85 0.21 0.0010 0.0010 0.0000 0.0010 0.0010

200 0.26 5.13 0.60 0.22 0.0194 0.0194 0.0000 0.0194 0.0194

189 0.33 3.95 0.54 0.20 0.0039 0.0039 0.0000 0.0039 0.0039

215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.32 0.0194 0.0194 0.0000 0.0194 0.0194

240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0116 0.0116 0.0000 0.0116 0.0116

280 0.47 5.47 0.52 0.23 0.0020 0.0020 0.0000 0.0020 0.0020

189 0.31 5.40 0.92 0.21 0.0014 0.0014 0.0000 0.0014 0.0014

252 0.22 6.23 0.30 0.23 0.0092 0.0092 0.0000 0.0092 0.0092

238 0.21 5.95 0.51 0.19 0.0006 0.0006 0.0000 0.0006 0.0006

244 0.39 6.24 0.74 0.18 0.0011 0.0011 0.0000 0.0011 0.0011

285 0.06 5.93 0.60 0.09 0.0009 0.0009 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009

197 0.33 5.07 0.76 0.18 0.0044 0.0044 0.0000 0.0044 0.0044

251 0.23 5.59 0.42 0.11 0.0072 0.0072 0.0000 0.0072 0.0072

184 0.30 6.70 0.61 0.18 0.0023 0.0023 0.0000 0.0023 0.0023
Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.)

175-300 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

D44

280 0.19 5.68 0.51 0.18 0.0039 0.0039 0.0000 0.0039 0.0039

298 0.37 6.32 1.16 0.30 0.0029 0.0029 0.0000 0.0029 0.0029

212 0.29 6.41 0.40 0.14 0.0035 0.0035 0.0000 0.0035 0.0035

210 0.09 5.16 0.90 0.18 0.0070 0.0070 0.0000 0.0070 0.0070

225 0.09 6.78 0.40 0.16 0.0058 0.0058 0.0000 0.0058 0.0058

286 0.22 5.35 1.24 0.38 0.0304 0.0304 0.0000 0.0304 0.0304

181 0.15 5.69 0.44 0.27 0.0127 0.0127 0.0000 0.0127 0.0127

202 0.38 8.06 1.42 0.42 0.0009 0.0009 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009

190 0.66 6.08 1.56 0.40 0.0007 0.0007 0.0000 0.0007 0.0007

177 0.34 6.20 0.89 0.28 0.0026 0.0026 0.0000 0.0026 0.0026

182 0.42 6.43 0.87 0.30 0.0009 0.0009 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009

207 0.44 6.59 1.15 0.37 0.0009 0.0009 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009

217 0.36 5.49 1.00 0.22 0.0018 0.0018 0.0000 0.0018 0.0018

183 0.54 6.63 0.81 0.34 0.0009 0.0009 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009

227 0.35 6.34 0.51 0.27 0.0009 0.0009 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009

244 0.19 6.30 1.66 0.36 0.0035 0.0035 0.0000 0.0035 0.0035

272 0.35 6.44 1.09 0.23 0.0035 0.0035 0.0000 0.0035 0.0035

255 0.25 5.89 0.40 0.13 0.0087 0.0087 0.0000 0.0087 0.0087

Sales-wgt

EF 0.266310 5.441729 4.540000 0.666725 0.240685 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample

Size 64 64 2 64 64
D45

Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.)

300-600 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

310 0.34 5.48 0.79 0.13 0.0016 0.0029 0.0016 0.0015 0.0000

415 0.10 4.65 0.40 0.08 0.0053 0.0030 0.0053 0.0042 0.0000

496 0.13 6.12 0.28 0.07 0.0011 0.0008 0.0011 0.0011 0.0000

340 0.12 3.91 0.56 0.17 0.0395 0.0253 0.0395 0.0267 0.0000

300 0.08 5.78 0.43 0.13 0.0053 0.0023 0.0053 0.0053 0.0000

395 0.51 6.48 2.14 0.16 0.0759 0.2081 0.0759 0.0852 0.0000

300 0.28 6.13 0.81 0.36 0.0071 0.0107 0.0071 0.0075 0.0000

330 0.33 5.28 1.07 0.36 0.0087 0.0154 0.0087 0.0079 0.0000

397 0.19 4.65 1.35 0.19 0.0039 0.0040 0.0039 0.0032 0.0000

362 0.16 5.49 1.57 0.21 0.2706 0.2327 0.2706 0.2574 0.0000

322 0.15 3.98 0.75 0.19 0.0379 0.0306 0.0379 0.0261 0.0000

455 0.12 5.48 0.82 0.17 0.0053 0.0034 0.0053 0.0050 0.0000

599 0.04 6.59 2.67 0.33 0.1111 0.0239 0.1111 0.1268 0.0000

535 0.08 5.79 2.10 0.34 0.0087 0.0037 0.0087 0.0087 0.0000

350 0.22 6.52 1.17 0.20 0.0869 0.1010 0.0869 0.0982 0.0000

430 0.14 6.29 0.34 0.13 0.0290 0.0221 0.0290 0.0316 0.0000

525 0.16 6.52 0.65 0.16 0.0158 0.0139 0.0158 0.0179 0.0000

440 0.11 6.38 0.35 0.13 0.0200 0.0117 0.0200 0.0221 0.0000

336 0.14 5.48 0.45 0.15 0.0103 0.0077 0.0103 0.0097 0.0000

422 0.15 4.97 0.40 0.11 0.0003 0.0002 0.0003 0.0002 0.0000

449 0.14 5.10 5.24 0.50 0.15 0.0005 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 1.0000

308 0.28 5.68 0.45 0.20 0.0021 0.0031 0.0021 0.0021 0.0000

335 0.27 5.51 0.74 0.28 0.0006 0.0009 0.0006 0.0006 0.0000

563 0.14 5.11 0.40 0.11 0.0016 0.0012 0.0016 0.0014 0.0000

543 0.22 5.66 0.54 0.25 0.0116 0.0139 0.0116 0.0114 0.0000

305 0.09 6.00 0.99 0.13 0.0104 0.0052 0.0104 0.0108 0.0000

325 0.10 6.51 0.51 0.13 0.0235 0.0130 0.0235 0.0265 0.0000

315 0.28 5.20 0.70 0.17 0.0358 0.0545 0.0358 0.0322 0.0000

329 0.24 6.60 0.84 0.17 0.0037 0.0048 0.0037 0.0042 0.0000

590 0.34 6.40 0.72 0.23 0.0001 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000

335 0.26 6.17 1.05 0.32 0.0003 0.0004 0.0003 0.0003 0.0000

306 0.24 6.29 0.72 0.37 0.0145 0.0187 0.0145 0.0158 0.0000

326 0.50 4.04 0.43 0.14 0.0048 0.0130 0.0048 0.0034 0.0000

493 0.16 4.26 1.04 0.22 0.0029 0.0025 0.0029 0.0021 0.0000

493 0.16 5.89 0.95 0.28 0.0006 0.0005 0.0006 0.0006 0.0000

334 0.25 5.58 0.31 0.18 0.0284 0.0387 0.0284 0.0275 0.0000

322 0.23 3.99 0.41 0.20 0.0009 0.0011 0.0009 0.0006 0.0000

375 0.22 5.72 0.32 0.20 0.0055 0.0066 0.0055 0.0055 0.0000

525 0.17 6.06 0.60 0.23 0.0047 0.0044 0.0047 0.0050 0.0000

330 0.21 6.39 0.44 0.20 0.0003 0.0004 0.0003 0.0004 0.0000

571 0.31 3.98 0.48 0.17 0.0032 0.0052 0.0032 0.0022 0.0000

475 0.28 4.09 0.46 0.15 0.0032 0.0048 0.0032 0.0022 0.0000

542 0.32 3.80 0.56 0.19 0.0032 0.0054 0.0032 0.0021 0.0000

327 0.22 6.39 0.46 0.14 0.0032 0.0038 0.0032 0.0035 0.0000

327 0.24 6.11 0.48 0.13 0.0032 0.0041 0.0032 0.0033 0.0000

460 0.19 3.35 0.33 0.05 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002 0.0000
Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.)

300-600 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

D46

335 0.43 4.29 0.81 0.12 0.0013 0.0029 0.0013 0.0009 0.0000

330 0.05 5.33 0.43 0.21 0.0405 0.0115 0.0405 0.0374 0.0000

313 0.27 6.26 0.31 0.06 0.0148 0.0214 0.0148 0.0161 0.0000

381 0.21 6.55 0.61 0.08 0.0289 0.0324 0.0289 0.0328 0.0000

496 0.13 6.12 0.28 0.07 0.0016 0.0011 0.0016 0.0017 0.0000

Sales-wgt

EF 0.186024 5.770260 5.240000 1.254546 0.203148 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample

Size 51 51 1 51 51

Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.)

600-750 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

660 0.05 6.24 0.83 0.14 0.1743 0.1743 0.1743 0.1743

740 0.05 5.68 1.57 0.25 0.2823 0.2823 0.2823 0.2823

730 0.06 5.04 0.99 0.19 0.0892 0.0892 0.0892 0.0892

740 0.10 5.53 1.62 0.33 0.0423 0.0423 0.0423 0.0423

600 0.26 6.02 1.78 0.24 0.1598 0.1598 0.1598 0.1598

630 0.16 4.46 0.66 0.18 0.0249 0.0249 0.0249 0.0249

641 0.19 5.98 1.05 0.23 0.0137 0.0137 0.0137 0.0137

740 0.24 5.85 1.37 0.28 0.0066 0.0066 0.0066 0.0066

740 0.24 5.85 1.37 0.28 0.0066 0.0066 0.0066 0.0066

750 0.07 5.84 0.90 0.16 0.0112 0.0112 0.0112 0.0112

750 0.08 6.01 1.92 0.30 0.0589 0.0589 0.0589 0.0589

750 0.35 5.80 1.48 0.30 0.0818 0.0818 0.0818 0.0818

750 0.13 5.89 1.06 0.13 0.0357 0.0357 0.0357 0.0357

684 0.19 5.98 0.68 0.22 0.0062 0.0062 0.0062 0.0062

671 0.48 6.63 0.52 0.16 0.0062 0.0062 0.0062 0.0062

Sales-wgt EF 0.126821 5.790567 1.368105 0.225632 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample Size 15 15 15 15
D47

Table D6. 2000 MY Certification Data (cont.)

>750 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

800 0.03 6.19 0.36 0.10 0.0321 0.0321 0.0321 0.0321

758 0.07 5.26 1.07 0.16 0.0067 0.0067 0.0067 0.0067

1082 0.04 5.96 0.70 0.15 0.0555 0.0555 0.0555 0.0555

1850 0.16 5.89 1.10 0.31 0.0658 0.0658 0.0658 0.0658

2750 0.14 6.18 1.31 0.17 0.0515 0.0515 0.0515 0.0515

1200 0.17 5.17 0.34 0.16 0.0044 0.0044 0.0044 0.0044

2000 0.31 5.91 1.49 0.25 0.0297 0.0297 0.0297 0.0297

1250 0.20 6.51 0.51 0.13 0.4683 0.4683 0.4683 0.4683

1500 0.54 6.24 0.87 0.27 0.2120 0.2120 0.2120 0.2120

1200 0.17 5.17 0.34 0.16 0.0297 0.0297 0.0297 0.0297

899 0.21 6.02 0.53 0.15 0.0044 0.0044 0.0044 0.0044

1230 0.12 6.03 0.67 0.26 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024

1874 0.38 6.15 1.36 0.15 0.0059 0.0059 0.0059 0.0059

1207 0.23 5.45 1.26 0.24 0.0059 0.0059 0.0059 0.0059

1026 0.26 5.07 0.70 0.18 0.0059 0.0059 0.0059 0.0059

2346 0.40 6.04 1.39 0.26 0.0198 0.0198 0.0198 0.0198

Sales-wgt

EF 0.259060 6.252638 0.727419 0.183308 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample

Size 16 16 16 16
D48

Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data

0-11 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated

HP

HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of

HC+NOx*

HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

9 6.70 4.70 0.57 0.0000 0.0000 0.0426 0.0426 0.0426

10 3.36 1.04 0.28 0.0000 0.0000 0.0059 0.0059 0.0059

7 3.82 2.11 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0106 0.0106 0.0106

7 3.77 2.95 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0355 0.0355 0.0355

11 5.45 4.10 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0284 0.0284 0.0284

10 5.23 1.68 0.21 0.0000 0.0000 0.0248 0.0248 0.0248

7 1.59 4.67 6.26 3.81 0.44 0.253454 0.2013 0.2013 0.0106 0.0106 0.0106

8 4.09 1.09 0.44 0.0000 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

4 0.78 5.18 5.96 3.93 0.66 0.131414 0.1409 0.1409 0.0075 0.0075 0.0075

7 0.71 4.82 5.53 3.83 0.57 0.128205 0.1477 0.1477 0.0078 0.0078 0.0078

8 0.58 5.74 6.32 3.29 0.45 0.091981 0.1409 0.1409 0.0075 0.0075 0.0075

10 5.49 3.86 0.51 0.0000 0.0000 0.0075 0.0075 0.0075

11 0.57 5.10 5.67 3.18 0.54 0.101183 0.3691 0.3691 0.0195 0.0195 0.0195

4 6.61 5.00 0.50 0.0000 0.0000 0.2768 0.2768 0.2768

7 6.25 5.03 0.49 0.0000 0.0000 0.1821 0.1821 0.1821

10 6.30 3.84 0.39 0.0000 0.0000 0.2425 0.2425 0.2425

7 6.57 3.61 0.48 0.0000 0.0000 0.0234 0.0234 0.0234

10 3.72 1.91 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0554 0.0554 0.0554

9 3.88 3.84 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0114 0.0114 0.0114

Saleswgt EF 0.828378 5.073763 6.018891 4.174066 0.442010 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample

Size 5 5 19 19 19 0.141247

Calc HC* 0.850153

Calc

NOx* 5.168738

* HC fraction of HC+NOx = HC ÷ (HC+NOx). The average HC fraction is not a sales-weighted average.

Calculated HC = ( avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).

Calculated NOx = (1- avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).
D49

Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.)

11-25 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated

HP

HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of

HC+NOx*

HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

19 5.02 1.36 0.45 0.0000 0.0000 0.0029 0.0029 0.0029

17 0.58 3.79 4.37 3.82 0.57 0.131868 0.0312 0.0312 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036

25 0.45 4.07 4.52 3.09 0.38 0.099558 0.1248 0.1248 0.0143 0.0143 0.0143

16 0.60 3.61 4.21 2.31 0.10 0.141844 0.0062 0.0062 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

21 0.30 3.77 4.07 1.72 0.20 0.073394 0.0312 0.0312 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036

17 5.26 1.69 0.39 0.0000 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

18 5.15 0.77 0.23 0.0000 0.0000 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

23 3.98 1.08 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024

11 4.88 1.88 0.50 0.0000 0.0000 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027

17 4.38 2.36 0.52 0.0000 0.0000 0.0037 0.0037 0.0037

12 5.54 2.57 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021

18 4.96 1.10 0.56 0.0000 0.0000 0.0301 0.0301 0.0301

21 3.68 1.34 0.57 0.0000 0.0000 0.0064 0.0064 0.0064

24 3.54 1.06 0.30 0.0000 0.0000 0.0014 0.0014 0.0014

24 5.67 1.66 0.56 0.0000 0.0000 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020

19 3.40 0.99 0.37 0.0000 0.0000 0.0031 0.0031 0.0031

18 0.17 5.59 5.76 0.97 0.54 0.028849 0.0027 0.0027 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

17 0.10 3.48 3.58 0.56 0.33 0.027933 0.2702 0.2702 0.0309 0.0309 0.0309

25 0.11 3.38 3.49 0.56 0.30 0.030399 0.1179 0.1179 0.0135 0.0135 0.0135

12 5.53 2.77 0.22 0.0000 0.0000 0.3563 0.3563 0.3563

20 5.66 2.23 0.21 0.0000 0.0000 0.0107 0.0107 0.0107

23 4.30 1.73 0.14 0.0000 0.0000 0.2138 0.2138 0.2138

22 4.66 1.50 0.12 0.0000 0.0000 0.0356 0.0356 0.0356

16 0.60 3.61 4.21 2.31 0.10 0.142113 0.0031 0.0031 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

19 0.98 4.38 5.36 3.78 0.25 0.182132 0.1373 0.1373 0.0157 0.0157 0.0157

18 1.03 5.04 6.05 3.50 0.41 0.169964 0.0811 0.0811 0.0093 0.0093 0.0093

21 0.30 3.77 4.07 1.72 0.20 0.073154 0.0343 0.0343 0.0039 0.0039 0.0039

21 4.10 2.24 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071

17 3.62 1.57 0.30 0.0000 0.0000 0.0170 0.0170 0.0170

23 5.34 0.68 0.22 0.0000 0.0000 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020

15 0.72 5.29 6.02 3.70 0.43 0.120198 0.0137 0.0137 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

15 0.43 5.70 6.12 2.41 0.39 0.069428 0.0137 0.0137 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

16 0.57 5.62 6.19 3.00 0.37 0.092771 0.0069 0.0069 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

22 0.77 5.17 5.94 3.04 0.45 0.129397 0.0630 0.0630 0.0072 0.0072 0.0072

22 0.37 5.17 5.53 1.58 0.32 0.066038 0.0624 0.0624 0.0071 0.0071 0.0071

12 5.03 2.95 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

16 4.46 2.98 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0323 0.0323 0.0323

12 3.17 1.47 0.30 0.0000 0.0000 0.0355 0.0355 0.0355

19 4.29 1.28 0.08 0.0000 0.0000 0.0217 0.0217 0.0217

22 3.47 2.27 0.19 0.0000 0.0000 0.0276 0.0276 0.0276

24 5.63 0.90 0.25 0.0000 0.0000 0.0351 0.0351 0.0351

17 4.88 1.55 0.42 0.0000 0.0000 0.0280 0.0280 0.0280

18 3.24 1.91 0.32 0.0000 0.0000 0.0043 0.0043 0.0043

Saleswgt EF 0.447831 4.109521 4.806920 2.114884 0.242992 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.)

11-25 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated

HP

HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of

HC+NOx*

HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

D50

Sample

Size 16 16 43 43 43 0.09869

Calc HC* 0.474395

Calc

NOx* 4.332525

* HC fraction of HC+NOx = HC ÷ (HC+NOx). The average HC fraction is not a sales-weighted average.

Calculated HC = ( avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).

Calculated NOx = (1- avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).
D51

Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.)

25-50 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated

HP

HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of

HC+NOx*

HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

42 6.52 3.35 0.42 0.0000 0.0000 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

25 5.31 1.49 0.50 0.0000 0.0000 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013

28 4.92 1.56 0.54 0.0000 0.0000 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

49 4.93 0.92 0.34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

34 5.21 1.44 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0041 0.0041 0.0041

33 0.11 4.65 4.77 0.98 0.25 0.023474 0.0149 0.0116 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

38 0.26 3.59 3.85 0.92 0.19 0.067829 0.0030 0.0023 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

30 0.16 4.00 4.17 1.17 0.26 0.039356 0.0030 0.0023 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

26 0.29 3.02 3.31 1.33 0.15 0.087838 0.0030 0.0023 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

28 0.00 7.02 1.48 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0350 0.0349 0.0349

43 0.00 6.89 2.10 0.34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0119 0.0119 0.0119

48 0.00 6.82 1.99 0.44 0.0000 0.0000 0.0110 0.0110 0.0110

35 5.68 1.74 0.21 0.0000 0.0000 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013

39 6.39 1.87 0.16 0.0000 0.0000 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024

47 6.37 1.24 0.12 0.0000 0.0000 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024

25 4.35 0.64 0.13 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

28 3.76 1.24 0.20 0.0000 0.0000 0.0047 0.0047 0.0047

30 3.86 0.83 0.17 0.0000 0.0000 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033

40 4.50 0.62 0.20 0.0000 0.0000 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025

47 3.38 0.87 0.27 0.0000 0.0000 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006

29 4.11 1.54 0.50 0.0000 0.0000 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

29 4.11 1.16 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0156 0.0156 0.0156

33 3.13 1.00 0.34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0495 0.0495 0.0495

35 4.21 0.85 0.37 0.0000 0.0000 0.0204 0.0204 0.0204

28 3.57 2.65 0.43 0.0000 0.0000 0.0029 0.0029 0.0029

39 4.35 1.89 0.45 0.0000 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

28 0.13 4.23 4.36 1.33 0.54 0.029817 0.0417 0.0324 0.0046 0.0046 0.0046

33 0.55 4.81 5.36 2.62 0.47 0.102612 0.1204 0.0935 0.0132 0.0131 0.0131

37 0.16 3.56 3.72 2.30 0.58 0.041678 0.0459 0.0356 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050

37 0.67 6.00 6.67 3.55 0.42 0.10051 0.0361 0.0280 0.0039 0.0039 0.0039

27 0.11 4.52 4.63 0.57 0.31 0.023758 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

37 0.82 4.27 5.09 3.10 0.37 0.1611 0.0387 0.0301 0.0042 0.0042 0.0042

27 0.09 3.95 4.04 0.82 0.46 0.021308 0.0051 0.0039 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006

49 0.51 4.59 5.10 2.85 0.50 0.1 0.0605 0.0470 0.0066 0.0066 0.0066

35 0.08 4.56 4.64 0.90 0.40 0.017234 0.0566 0.0440 0.0062 0.0062 0.0062

45 0.75 5.33 6.08 2.40 0.29 0.123355 0.0548 0.0426 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060

35 0.56 4.54 5.10 1.52 0.48 0.109804 0.4172 0.3240 0.0456 0.0456 0.0456

46 0.04 3.75 3.79 0.68 0.33 0.010554 0.0038 0.0029 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

34 0.14 3.66 3.80 0.98 0.50 0.036842 0.0459 0.0356 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050

47 0.12 6.71 6.83 0.74 0.30 0.01757 0.0015 0.0012 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

48 0.64 6.36 7.00 1.46 0.31 0.091429 0.0042 0.0032 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

30 1.41 0.62 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0326 0.0325 0.0325

26 4.64 1.30 0.28 0.0000 0.0000 0.0065 0.0065 0.0065

31 3.80 1.16 0.36 0.0000 0.0000 0.0195 0.0195 0.0195

42 3.84 0.78 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0163 0.0163 0.0163

26 4.46 0.95 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0651 0.0651 0.0651

44 5.37 1.10 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.)

25-50 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated

HP

HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of

HC+NOx*

HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

D52

33 5.52 1.71 0.36 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

41 4.81 0.75 0.25 0.0000 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

31 5.27 0.74 0.19 0.0000 0.0000 0.0326 0.0325 0.0325

31 5.11 0.80 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0391 0.0390 0.0390

38 6.16 1.66 0.41 0.0000 0.0000 0.0260 0.0260 0.0260

37 4.47 0.80 0.29 0.0000 0.0000 0.1628 0.1627 0.1627

49 5.95 1.93 0.43 0.0000 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

38 5.99 1.58 0.36 0.0000 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

48 4.63 0.93 0.23 0.0000 0.0000 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020

35 3.69 3.83 1.40 0.29 0.0000 0.0231 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033

40 3.36 3.54 0.95 0.21 0.0000 0.0231 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033

40 0.18 4.99 5.17 0.94 0.48 0.034632 0.0136 0.0105 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015

38 0.26 3.59 3.85 0.93 0.19 0.068327 0.0006 0.0005 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

26 0.29 3.02 3.31 1.33 0.15 0.088659 0.0012 0.0009 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

25 0.59 4.87 5.47 1.88 0.29 0.108272 0.0143 0.0111 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

33 0.23 4.10 4.33 0.74 0.23 0.054045 0.0104 0.0081 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

36 5.26 5.58 1.87 0.28 0.0000 0.0116 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

35 6.03 2.07 0.21 0.0000 0.0000 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015

31 4.68 1.10 0.16 0.0000 0.0000 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015

41 5.65 2.45 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024

42 6.35 1.01 0.13 0.0000 0.0000 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020

30 5.12 1.98 0.43 0.0000 0.0000 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035

42 3.24 0.94 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

39 4.73 1.01 0.34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0026 0.0026 0.0026

45 5.62 1.30 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

49 4.00 0.64 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

43 5.12 1.98 0.43 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

35 6.27 2.35 0.48 0.0000 0.0000 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033

44 6.19 1.09 0.45 0.0000 0.0000 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015

34 3.53 3.55 1.22 0.53 0.0000 0.0127 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018

49 3.20 3.31 1.29 0.40 0.0000 0.0694 0.0098 0.0098 0.0098

47 5.44 5.83 1.86 0.44 0.0000 0.0509 0.0072 0.0072 0.0072

43 6.35 2.33 0.34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006

30 6.09 1.99 0.46 0.0000 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

26 5.45 2.00 0.15 0.0000 0.0000 0.0280 0.0280 0.0280

28 5.78 3.61 0.40 0.0000 0.0000 0.0097 0.0097 0.0097

25 5.53 2.91 0.37 0.0000 0.0000 0.0137 0.0137 0.0137

30 5.82 2.93 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

25 5.91 3.45 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018

33 5.76 2.74 0.28 0.0000 0.0000 0.0476 0.0476 0.0476

41 5.97 1.35 0.49 0.0000 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

29 5.82 2.82 0.25 0.0000 0.0000 0.0030 0.0030 0.0030

37 5.40 1.73 0.50 0.0000 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

25 6.01 3.03 0.32 0.0000 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

37 6.03 2.59 0.35 0.0000 0.0000 0.0272 0.0272 0.0272

25 6.09 3.03 0.20 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.)

25-50 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated

HP

HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC frac of

HC+NOx*

HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

D53

30 6.07 3.01 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0110 0.0110 0.0110

45 5.85 3.21 0.45 0.0000 0.0000 0.0367 0.0367 0.0367

38 5.79 3.23 0.39 0.0000 0.0000 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017

48 6.00 1.56 0.44 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

34 5.94 1.87 0.34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0689 0.0689 0.0689

46 6.01 2.54 0.20 0.0000 0.0000 0.0063 0.0062 0.0062

41 5.76 2.79 0.33 0.0000 0.0000 0.0030 0.0030 0.0030

48 6.25 1.59 0.28 0.0000 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

27 3.04 0.98 0.40 0.0000 0.0000 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021

39 5.53 1.96 0.26 0.0000 0.0000 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010

30 0.17 4.01 1.17 0.26 0.040139 0.0036 0.0028 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004

50 4.85 0.0000 0.0325 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Saleswgt EF 0.472917 4.469647 4.952901 1.532028 0.329222 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample

Size 25 35 103 104 104 0.064006

Calc HC* 0.317014

Calc

NOx* 4.635887

* HC fraction of HC+NOx = HC ÷ (HC+NOx). The average HC fraction is not a sales-weighted average.

Calculated HC = ( avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).

Calculated NOx = (1- avg HC fraction of HC+NOx) * (sales-wgt avg HC+NOx).
D54

Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.)

50-100 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

67 6.40 0.0000 0.0016 0.0000 0.0000

79 5.74 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000

96 5.81 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000

80 0.48 7.61 4.32 0.56 0.0621 0.0157 0.0591 0.0608

67 0.75 6.35 1.96 0.34 0.0036 0.0009 0.0034 0.0035

75 0.70 5.68 2.28 0.46 0.0888 0.0224 0.0844 0.0869

80 0.72 5.78 3.26 0.51 0.0855 0.0216 0.0813 0.0837

56 0.62 5.83 1.63 0.41 0.0339 0.0086 0.0322 0.0332

75 0.70 5.68 2.28 0.49 0.0586 0.0148 0.0557 0.0573

98 0.71 6.30 1.68 0.21 0.0004 0.0001 0.0004 0.0004

62 6.23 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0000

57 6.20 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0000

55 5.80 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0000

59 6.56 0.0000 0.0045 0.0000 0.0000

84 5.74 0.0000 0.0478 0.0000 0.0000

59 0.89 8.82 3.55 0.84 0.1563 0.0395 0.1486 0.1530

78 0.48 5.36 1.92 0.35 0.0858 0.0217 0.0816 0.0840

81 0.33 6.35 2.33 0.38 0.0154 0.0039 0.0147 0.0151

74 5.90 0.0000 0.0040 0.0000 0.0000

59 5.90 0.0000 0.0205 0.0000 0.0000

82 5.44 0.0000 0.0661 0.0000 0.0000

65 5.80 0.0000 0.0179 0.0000 0.0000

58 6.39 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000

87 6.39 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000

83 6.56 0.0000 0.0024 0.0000 0.0000

65 6.20 0.0000 0.0143 0.0000 0.0000

84 6.79 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

79 6.32 0.0000 0.0025 0.0000 0.0000

94 6.09 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000

94 6.09 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000

94 6.09 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000

51 5.38 0.0000 0.0024 0.0000 0.0000

56 4.98 0.0000 0.0011 0.0000 0.0000

78 6.22 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

51 4.86 1.51 0.0000 0.0022 0.0084 0.0000

60 4.06 1.73 0.0000 0.0022 0.0084 0.0000

52 4.59 0.0000 0.0163 0.0000 0.0000

50 3.43 0.0000 0.0094 0.0000 0.0000

52 0.17 5.22 1.18 0.45 0.0107 0.0027 0.0101 0.0104

51 1.44 5.79 3.90 0.38 0.0179 0.0045 0.0170 0.0175

54 0.69 4.15 1.45 0.36 0.0100 0.0025 0.0095 0.0098

51 0.60 6.68 3.04 0.63 0.0008 0.0002 0.0008 0.0008

55 0.39 6.16 0.98 0.28 0.0134 0.0034 0.0127 0.0131

64 0.43 5.62 2.17 0.60 0.0042 0.0011 0.0040 0.0041

76 0.29 5.35 1.08 0.51 0.0092 0.0023 0.0087 0.0090

51 0.41 5.34 2.22 0.64 0.0386 0.0098 0.0367 0.0378
Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.)

50-100 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

D55

56 0.48 4.88 0.46 0.27 0.0048 0.0012 0.0046 0.0047

83 0.49 4.80 0.76 0.34 0.0065 0.0016 0.0061 0.0063

91 0.42 6.63 1.32 0.54 0.0172 0.0043 0.0163 0.0168

79 0.55 5.25 2.47 0.55 0.0248 0.0063 0.0236 0.0243

86 0.46 4.98 0.83 0.38 0.0012 0.0003 0.0011 0.0012

86 0.35 5.09 0.67 0.21 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002

59 6.65 0.0000 0.0333 0.0000 0.0000

51 0.05 3.56 0.75 0.20 0.0097 0.0024 0.0092 0.0095

74 0.49 3.77 3.00 0.52 0.0008 0.0002 0.0008 0.0008

74 0.76 4.70 2.06 0.32 0.0161 0.0041 0.0153 0.0158

80 0.72 5.78 3.26 0.51 0.0018 0.0004 0.0017 0.0017

99 0.28 4.15 0.76 0.25 0.0133 0.0034 0.0127 0.0130

98 0.71 6.30 1.68 0.21 0.0040 0.0010 0.0038 0.0039

56 0.62 5.83 1.63 0.41 0.0019 0.0005 0.0018 0.0018

59 4.37 0.0000 0.0367 0.0000 0.0000

51 5.12 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000

51 4.72 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000

56 4.18 0.0000 0.0245 0.0000 0.0000

89 4.79 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000

73 4.93 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000

86 5.42 0.0000 0.0082 0.0000 0.0000

93 4.71 0.0000 0.0082 0.0000 0.0000

72 4.31 0.0000 0.0151 0.0000 0.0000

54 0.54 6.31 2.42 0.0085 0.0021 0.0081 0.0000

59 3.34 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000

51 4.78 0.0000 0.0029 0.0000 0.0000

56 5.95 0.0000 0.0029 0.0000 0.0000

51 3.91 0.0000 0.0031 0.0000 0.0000

54 2.62 0.0000 0.0039 0.0000 0.0000

63 5.06 0.0000 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000

95 5.58 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000

57 4.46 0.0000 0.0046 0.0000 0.0000

51 5.35 0.0000 0.0042 0.0000 0.0000

87 5.92 0.0000 0.0056 0.0000 0.0000

55 2.91 0.0000 0.0013 0.0000 0.0000

81 5.87 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000

92 5.10 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000

52 6.32 0.0000 0.0041 0.0000 0.0000

72 5.14 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0000

89 6.40 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000

67 0.22 5.71 1.01 0.54 0.0934 0.0236 0.0888 0.0914

92 0.35 6.16 1.22 0.29 0.0638 0.0161 0.0606 0.0624

55 2.62 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000

85 2.18 0.0000 0.0011 0.0000 0.0000

59 5.90 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000

64 5.58 0.0000 0.0102 0.0000 0.0000
Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.)

50-100 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

D56

79 6.16 0.0000 0.0055 0.0000 0.0000

55 3.22 0.0000 0.0090 0.0000 0.0000

52 6.62 0.0000 0.0080 0.0000 0.0000

64 5.13 0.0000 0.0037 0.0000 0.0000

60 6.06 0.0000 0.0212 0.0000 0.0000

96 5.09 0.0000 0.1081 0.0000 0.0000

68 5.85 0.0000 0.0551 0.0000 0.0000

52 5.97 0.0000 0.0347 0.0000 0.0000

68 6.34 0.0000 0.0347 0.0000 0.0000

80 0.83 6.00 3.19 0.63 0.0043 0.0011 0.0041 0.0042

80 0.86 5.40 4.00 0.64 0.0051 0.0013 0.0048 0.0050

59 3.58 0.0000 0.0025 0.0000 0.0000

89 5.10 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0000

94 5.75 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000

50 5.80 1.78 0.46 0.0000 0.0002 0.0008 0.0009

74 0.05 4.00 0.25 0.20 0.0002 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002

82 0.07 4.84 1.22 0.44 0.0113 0.0029 0.0107 0.0111

60 5.87 3.96 0.31 0.0000 0.0004 0.0015 0.0016

58 6.27 1.32 0.27 0.0000 0.0015 0.0058 0.0059

59 5.59 0.96 0.45 0.0000 0.0003 0.0013 0.0013

75 3.87 0.0000 0.0013 0.0000 0.0000

58 3.91 0.0000 0.0017 0.0000 0.0000

54 5.40 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000

67 4.89 0.0000 0.0135 0.0000 0.0000

80 4.80 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000

56 5.23 0.0000 0.0015 0.0000 0.0000

58 5.12 0.0000 0.0037 0.0000 0.0000

60 4.12 0.0000 0.0032 0.0000 0.0000

70 5.59 0.0000 0.0117 0.0000 0.0000

57 5.72 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000

95 5.10 0.0000 0.0032 0.0000 0.0000

100 5.73 0.0000 0.0144 0.0000 0.0000

50 0.52 4.77 5.28 1.94 0.33 0.0121 0.0031 0.3000 0.0115 0.0118

65 0.05 4.18 4.24 0.90 0.0040 0.0010 0.1000 0.0038 0.0000

79 5.98 6.61 1.71 0.37 0.0000 0.0061 0.6000 0.0230 0.0237

Sales-wgt

EF 0.575867 5.604515 5.976957 2.314372 0.506824 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample

Size 40 127 3 47 43
D57

Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.)

100-175 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

173 0.33 6.37 0.78 0.11 0.0003 0.0002 0.0003 0.0003

108 6.47 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000

143 6.09 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000

100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.0857 0.0682 0.0856 0.0863

125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.0057 0.0045 0.0057 0.0058

118 0.25 4.53 0.54 0.22 0.0021 0.0017 0.0021 0.0021

155 0.38 4.23 0.75 0.35 0.1029 0.0819 0.1027 0.1035

110 6.06 0.0000 0.0039 0.0000 0.0000

165 6.24 0.0000 0.0303 0.0000 0.0000

166 4.95 0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000

155 0.15 4.25 1.91 0.22 0.0072 0.0057 0.0072 0.0072

100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.1247 0.0992 0.1244 0.1255

125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.0623 0.0496 0.0622 0.0627

118 0.25 4.53 0.54 0.22 0.0023 0.0018 0.0023 0.0023

155 0.38 4.23 0.75 0.35 0.0935 0.0744 0.0933 0.0941

158 6.53 0.0000 0.0016 0.0000 0.0000

109 6.41 0.0000 0.0016 0.0000 0.0000

144 4.97 0.0000 0.0016 0.0000 0.0000

168 0.11 6.17 0.63 0.13 0.0007 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007

135 0.40 5.70 1.75 0.29 0.2824 0.2248 0.2819 0.2842

168 6.26 0.0000 0.0105 0.0000 0.0000

109 6.32 0.53 0.13 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

158 6.70 0.0000 0.0072 0.0000 0.0000

119 0.58 6.20 0.63 0.17 0.0010 0.0008 0.0010 0.0010

121 0.49 4.30 1.23 0.28 0.0011 0.0009 0.0011 0.0011

134 0.34 4.30 1.00 0.24 0.0050 0.0040 0.0050 0.0050

103 0.57 6.26 1.58 0.39 0.0059 0.0047 0.0059 0.0059

153 0.51 5.65 0.49 0.26 0.0078 0.0062 0.0078 0.0079

164 0.47 4.67 1.06 0.23 0.0017 0.0014 0.0017 0.0017

139 0.52 4.30 1.25 0.19 0.0006 0.0005 0.0006 0.0006

106 6.01 0.0000 0.0426 0.0000 0.0000

144 6.61 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000

100 0.35 6.08 0.70 0.28 0.0457 0.0364 0.0456 0.0460

125 0.23 6.21 0.47 0.16 0.0114 0.0091 0.0114 0.0115

155 0.38 4.23 0.75 0.35 0.0571 0.0455 0.0570 0.0575

125 5.74 0.0000 0.0041 0.0000 0.0000

114 5.42 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000

151 5.60 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

120 5.50 0.0000 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000

144 5.80 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000

114 6.35 0.0000 0.0113 0.0000 0.0000

113 4.41 0.0000 0.0060 0.0000 0.0000

132 6.05 0.0000 0.0041 0.0000 0.0000

173 5.79 0.0000 0.0017 0.0000 0.0000

108 0.16 6.25 0.43 0.26 0.0407 0.0324 0.0406 0.0410

116 0.57 6.43 1.45 0.33 0.0050 0.0040 0.0050 0.0051

168 0.42 5.85 0.76 0.27 0.0199 0.0159 0.0199 0.0200
Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.)

100-175 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

D58

118 6.30 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000

120 5.55 0.0000 0.0178 0.0000 0.0000

103 6.19 0.0000 0.0055 0.0000 0.0000

172 0.13 5.31 0.45 0.17 0.0094 0.0074 0.0093 0.0094

115 5.77 0.0000 0.0041 0.0000 0.0000

152 5.82 0.0000 0.0372 0.0000 0.0000

103 0.53 5.30 1.24 0.51 0.0010 0.0008 0.0010 0.0010

135 0.45 6.68 0.92 0.24 0.0004 0.0003 0.0004 0.0004

130 0.63 6.61 1.21 0.36 0.0007 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007

100 0.57 5.50 1.35 0.47 0.0015 0.0012 0.0015 0.0015

114 6.39 0.0000 0.0025 0.0000 0.0000

127 5.38 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0000

117 6.23 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0000

172 6.23 0.0000 0.0025 0.0000 0.0000

173 0.54 6.57 1.83 0.42 0.0010 0.0008 0.0010 0.0010

122 0.07 3.93 0.42 0.14 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

122 0.07 5.75 1.06 0.34 0.0049 0.0039 0.0049 0.0050

100 6.27 0.87 0.33 0.0000 0.0005 0.0006 0.0006

142 5.92 1.33 0.23 0.0000 0.0008 0.0010 0.0010

138 6.68 0.0000 0.0019 0.0000 0.0000

161 0.23 5.96 0.83 0.0082 0.0065 0.0082 0.0000

116 5.82 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000

Sales-wgt

EF 0.355107 5.574714 1.003922 0.289340 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample Size 34 69 37 36
D59

Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.)

175-300 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

272 0.32 6.24 0.62 0.10 0.0003 0.0003 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003

257 0.43 6.43 0.76 0.20 0.0002 0.0002 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002

200 0.26 5.13 0.60 0.22 0.0045 0.0045 0.0000 0.0045 0.0045

240 0.10 5.06 0.38 0.15 0.0023 0.0023 0.0000 0.0022 0.0022

240 0.07 4.06 0.50 0.16 0.0023 0.0023 0.0000 0.0022 0.0022

215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.32 0.0038 0.0038 0.0000 0.0037 0.0037

260 0.44 5.82 0.70 0.27 0.0015 0.0015 0.0000 0.0015 0.0015

240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0064 0.0064 0.0000 0.0063 0.0063

280 0.47 5.47 0.52 0.23 0.0151 0.0151 0.0000 0.0149 0.0149

210 0.20 5.89 1.49 0.33 0.0092 0.0092 0.0000 0.0091 0.0091

275 0.11 4.56 1.26 0.26 0.0002 0.0002 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002

205 0.19 5.96 1.73 0.25 0.0024 0.0024 0.0000 0.0024 0.0024

255 0.08 6.20 0.96 0.29 0.0143 0.0143 0.0000 0.0141 0.0141

290 0.09 5.46 2.19 0.35 0.0016 0.0016 0.0000 0.0016 0.0016

205 0.39 5.95 1.19 0.31 0.0008 0.0008 0.0000 0.0007 0.0007

190 0.55 5.64 1.44 0.32 0.0227 0.0227 0.0000 0.0225 0.0225

240 0.10 5.06 0.38 0.15 0.0038 0.0038 0.0000 0.0037 0.0037

200 0.26 5.13 0.60 0.22 0.0753 0.0753 0.0000 0.0745 0.0745

189 0.33 3.95 0.54 0.20 0.0015 0.0015 0.0000 0.0015 0.0015

215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.32 0.0376 0.0376 0.0000 0.0372 0.0372

260 0.44 5.82 0.70 0.27 0.0205 0.0205 0.0000 0.0203 0.0203

240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0753 0.0753 0.0000 0.0745 0.0745

280 0.47 5.47 0.52 0.23 0.0075 0.0075 0.0000 0.0074 0.0074

240 0.07 4.06 0.50 0.16 0.0038 0.0038 0.0000 0.0037 0.0037

200 0.25 5.43 1.23 0.35 0.0013 0.0013 0.0000 0.0013 0.0013

296 0.31 6.41 0.96 0.25 0.0013 0.0013 0.0000 0.0013 0.0013

255 0.36 6.45 0.72 0.24 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

261 0.47 6.06 0.89 0.27 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

248 0.34 5.31 1.04 0.35 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001

275 0.14 5.38 0.48 0.14 0.0008 0.0008 0.0000 0.0008 0.0008

220 0.20 5.87 0.72 0.27 0.0042 0.0042 0.0000 0.0041 0.0041

234 0.19 5.45 0.62 0.25 0.0097 0.0097 0.0000 0.0096 0.0096

196 0.28 5.44 0.65 0.28 0.4205 0.4205 0.0000 0.4161 0.4161

199 0.27 5.70 1.05 0.32 0.0147 0.0147 0.0000 0.0146 0.0146

294 0.38 5.99 0.95 0.23 0.0640 0.0640 0.0000 0.0633 0.0633

285 0.46 6.51 1.19 0.22 0.0164 0.0164 0.0000 0.0163 0.0163

216 0.59 6.20 1.55 0.28 0.0458 0.0458 0.0000 0.0453 0.0453

285 0.47 4.59 0.73 0.26 0.0287 0.0287 0.0000 0.0284 0.0284

237 0.78 6.32 1.30 0.38 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

189 0.43 6.65 1.04 0.34 0.0014 0.0014 0.0000 0.0014 0.0014

194 0.31 6.28 0.81 0.17 0.0083 0.0083 0.0000 0.0083 0.0083

288 0.62 6.62 1.69 0.36 0.0005 0.0005 0.0000 0.0005 0.0005

186 0.34 6.28 0.69 0.23 0.0004 0.0004 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004

249 0.48 6.37 1.08 0.24 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001

243 0.40 5.88 1.67 0.37 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

210 0.09 5.16 0.90 0.11 0.0021 0.0021 0.0000 0.0020 0.0020
Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.)

175-300 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

D60

250 0.09 5.29 0.44 0.05 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001

215 0.10 6.30 0.50 0.07 0.0005 0.0005 0.0000 0.0005 0.0005

197 0.33 4.42 0.71 0.20 0.0002 0.0002 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001

241 0.21 4.14 0.67 0.17 0.0002 0.0002 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001

241 0.41 6.44 1.11 0.34 0.0006 0.0006 0.0000 0.0006 0.0006

227 0.51 6.72 1.07 0.33 0.0009 0.0009 0.0000 0.0009 0.0009

193 0.60 6.69 0.85 0.28 0.0004 0.0004 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004

200 0.26 5.13 0.60 0.22 0.0075 0.0075 0.0000 0.0074 0.0074

189 0.33 3.95 0.54 0.20 0.0015 0.0015 0.0000 0.0015 0.0015

215 0.32 5.51 0.55 0.32 0.0075 0.0075 0.0000 0.0074 0.0074

240 0.29 5.38 0.49 0.27 0.0045 0.0045 0.0000 0.0045 0.0045

280 0.47 5.47 0.52 0.23 0.0008 0.0008 0.0000 0.0008 0.0008

189 0.31 5.40 0.92 0.21 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001

252 0.22 6.23 0.30 0.23 0.0030 0.0030 0.0000 0.0029 0.0029

283 0.14 4.25 0.43 0.17 0.0011 0.0011 0.0000 0.0011 0.0011

262 0.17 5.84 0.57 0.21 0.0002 0.0002 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002

244 0.39 6.24 0.74 0.18 0.0004 0.0004 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004

285 0.06 5.93 0.60 0.09 0.0003 0.0003 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003

215 0.04 4.10 0.51 0.16 0.0034 0.0034 0.0000 0.0034 0.0034

197 0.33 5.07 0.76 0.18 0.0021 0.0021 0.0000 0.0021 0.0021

251 0.23 5.59 0.42 0.11 0.0039 0.0039 0.0000 0.0039 0.0039

184 0.30 6.70 0.61 0.18 0.0010 0.0010 0.0000 0.0010 0.0010

280 0.19 5.68 0.51 0.18 0.0020 0.0020 0.0000 0.0019 0.0019

298 0.37 6.32 1.16 0.30 0.0011 0.0011 0.0000 0.0011 0.0011

212 0.29 6.41 0.40 0.14 0.0014 0.0014 0.0000 0.0014 0.0014

286 0.22 5.35 1.24 0.37 0.0083 0.0083 0.0000 0.0082 0.0082

208 0.15 4.28 0.52 0.26 0.0051 0.0051 0.0000 0.0050 0.0050

202 0.28 6.00 1.05 0.33 0.0003 0.0003 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003

190 0.66 6.08 1.56 0.40 0.0002 0.0002 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002

177 0.34 6.20 0.89 0.28 0.0010 0.0010 0.0000 0.0010 0.0010

182 0.42 6.43 0.87 0.29 0.0003 0.0003 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003

207 0.44 6.59 1.15 0.36 0.0003 0.0003 0.0000 0.0003 0.0003

217 0.36 5.49 1.00 0.22 0.0007 0.0007 0.0000 0.0007 0.0007

244 0.19 6.30 1.66 0.37 0.0014 0.0014 0.0000 0.0014 0.0014

272 0.35 6.44 1.09 0.22 0.0014 0.0014 0.0000 0.0014 0.0014

255 0.25 5.89 0.40 0.13 0.0026 0.0026 0.0000 0.0026 0.0026

279 4.18 0.73 0.20 0.0000 0.0000 0.8977 0.0102 0.0102

275 0.11 4.02 4.13 0.80 0.16 0.0002 0.0002 0.0209 0.0002 0.0002

185 0.54 4.19 4.73 0.93 0.20 0.0002 0.0002 0.0132 0.0001 0.0001

245 4.55 0.45 0.15 0.0000 0.0000 0.0359 0.0004 0.0004

295 0.22 4.08 4.29 0.60 0.13 0.0003 0.0003 0.0299 0.0003 0.0003

268 0.30 4.00 4.47 0.66 0.19 0.0000 0.0000 0.0024 0.0000 0.0000

Sales-wgt

EF 0.314765 5.506545 4.203295 0.744633 0.266622 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample

Size 86 86 6 88 88
D61

Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.) (Tier 2 for this hp category)

300-600 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

325 4.56 1.52 0.17 0.0000 0.0000 0.0516 0.0516 0.0516

439 3.75 1.19 0.16 0.0000 0.0000 0.0589 0.0589 0.0589

515 3.58 1.14 0.17 0.0000 0.0000 0.0521 0.0521 0.0521

593 4.08 0.58 0.10 0.0000 0.0000 0.2080 0.2080 0.2080

475 4.14 0.99 0.14 0.0000 0.0000 0.0460 0.0460 0.0460

325 4.56 1.52 0.17 0.0000 0.0000 0.0516 0.0516 0.0516

449 0.10 3.80 3.91 0.37 0.10 0.0036 0.0036 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

422 0.14 4.09 4.24 0.35 0.10 0.0279 0.0279 0.0082 0.0082 0.0082

322 0.13 4.37 4.50 0.44 0.11 0.0110 0.0110 0.0032 0.0032 0.0032

333 0.15 4.38 4.53 0.53 0.14 0.6951 0.6951 0.2042 0.2042 0.2042

300 4.53 0.82 0.14 0.0000 0.0000 0.0038 0.0038 0.0038

350 4.71 0.77 0.11 0.0000 0.0000 0.0038 0.0038 0.0038

500 4.75 1.30 0.12 0.0000 0.0000 0.1467 0.1467 0.1467

500 4.61 0.48 0.12 0.0000 0.0000 0.0258 0.0258 0.0258

300 0.06 4.02 4.08 0.59 0.13 0.0239 0.0239 0.0070 0.0070 0.0070

317 0.39 4.19 4.58 0.80 0.15 0.0150 0.0150 0.0044 0.0044 0.0044

321 0.17 4.22 4.39 0.52 0.14 0.0389 0.0389 0.0114 0.0114 0.0114

483 0.16 4.23 4.39 0.46 0.13 0.0235 0.0235 0.0069 0.0069 0.0069

360 0.12 4.47 4.59 0.63 0.09 0.0030 0.0030 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

326 0.50 4.04 4.54 0.43 0.14 0.0022 0.0022 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006

456 0.15 4.37 4.52 0.57 0.10 0.0070 0.0070 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021

481 0.10 4.44 4.53 0.43 0.08 0.0036 0.0036 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

322 4.34 0.65 0.15 0.0000 0.0000 0.0066 0.0066 0.0066

410 4.40 0.30 0.11 0.0000 0.0000 0.0264 0.0264 0.0264

508 4.20 0.30 0.12 0.0000 0.0000 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016

572 4.53 0.86 0.19 0.0000 0.0000 0.0019 0.0019 0.0019

503 4.50 0.93 0.15 0.0000 0.0000 0.0064 0.0064 0.0064

571 4.29 0.48 0.14 0.0000 0.0000 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035

475 4.38 0.46 0.11 0.0000 0.0000 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035

595 4.20 0.63 0.16 0.0000 0.0000 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035

367 4.55 0.45 0.15 0.0000 0.0000 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035

493 4.49 0.71 0.13 0.0000 0.0000 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006

493 4.49 0.71 0.13 0.0000 0.0000 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006

324 0.22 4.30 4.53 0.47 0.08 0.0100 0.0100 0.0029 0.0029 0.0029

375 0.25 4.29 4.54 0.48 0.08 0.1354 0.1354 0.0398 0.0398 0.0398

Sales-wgt

EF 0.166924 4.335113 4.345348 0.842460 0.131581 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample

Size 14 14 35 35 35
D62

Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.)

600-750 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx HC+NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt HC+NOx

wgt

CO wgt PM wgt

660 0.05 6.24 0.83 0.14 0.0276 0.0276 0.0000 0.0192 0.0192

742 0.04 6.27 0.52 0.10 0.0408 0.0408 0.0000 0.0284 0.0284

654 0.04 6.21 1.58 0.25 0.1192 0.1192 0.0000 0.0829 0.0829

730 0.06 5.04 0.99 0.19 0.1159 0.1159 0.0000 0.0806 0.0806

740 0.10 5.53 1.62 0.33 0.0850 0.0850 0.0000 0.0591 0.0591

670 0.25 6.53 1.27 0.36 0.0795 0.0795 0.0000 0.0553 0.0553

710 0.27 6.63 2.31 0.30 0.0552 0.0552 0.0000 0.0384 0.0384

641 0.19 5.98 1.05 0.23 0.0353 0.0353 0.0000 0.0246 0.0246

740 0.24 5.85 1.37 0.28 0.0839 0.0839 0.0000 0.0583 0.0583

684 0.19 5.98 0.68 0.22 0.0055 0.0055 0.0000 0.0038 0.0038

671 0.48 6.63 0.52 0.16 0.0221 0.0221 0.0000 0.0153 0.0153

747 0.22 4.50 0.76 0.09 0.0055 0.0055 0.0000 0.0038 0.0038

680 3.89 0.33 0.12 0.0000 0.0000 0.7192 0.3047 0.3047

601 0.13 4.19 4.32 0.22 0.12 0.1049 0.1049 0.1721 0.0729 0.0729

750 0.07 5.84 0.90 0.16 0.0121 0.0121 0.0000 0.0084 0.0084

750 0.13 5.89 1.06 0.13 0.1413 0.1413 0.0000 0.0982 0.0982

630 0.12 3.87 3.99 0.87 0.18 0.0662 0.0662 0.1087 0.0460 0.0460

Sales-wgt

EF 0.138065 5.612418 3.975047 0.883305 0.183773 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample

Size 16 16 3 17 17
D63

Table D7. 2001 MY Certification Data (cont.)

>750 hp Emission Factors (g/hp-hr) Sales Weightings

Rated HP HC NOx CO PM HC wgt NOx wgt CO wgt PM wgt

758 0.07 5.26 1.07 0.16 0.0052 0.0052 0.0052 0.0052

891 0.05 6.22 0.73 0.14 0.0152 0.0152 0.0152 0.0152

1850 0.16 5.89 1.09 0.30 0.0654 0.0654 0.0654 0.0654

2250 0.16 6.43 1.28 0.20 0.0395 0.0395 0.0395 0.0395

755 0.35 5.80 1.48 0.30 0.0599 0.0599 0.0599 0.0599

1200 0.17 5.17 0.34 0.16 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033 0.0033

2000 0.31 5.91 1.49 0.25 0.0228 0.0228 0.0228 0.0228

1110 0.23 6.03 0.55 0.14 0.4402 0.4402 0.4402 0.4402

1500 0.54 6.24 0.87 0.27 0.2677 0.2677 0.2677 0.2677

1200 0.17 5.17 0.34 0.16 0.0228 0.0228 0.0228 0.0228

899 0.21 6.02 0.53 0.15 0.0088 0.0088 0.0088 0.0088

1230 0.12 6.03 0.67 0.26 0.0046 0.0046 0.0046 0.0046

811 0.27 6.24 1.05 0.21 0.0152 0.0152 0.0152 0.0152

1874 0.38 6.15 1.36 0.15 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024

878 0.34 5.96 0.89 0.14 0.0152 0.0152 0.0152 0.0152

1207 0.23 5.45 1.26 0.24 0.0030 0.0030 0.0030 0.0030

1026 0.26 5.07 0.70 0.18 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

2346 0.40 6.04 1.39 0.26 0.0076 0.0076 0.0076 0.0076

Sales-wgt

EF 0.313093 6.052394 0.800887 0.203589 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Sample

Size 18 18 18 18
E1

HCCM

H S AHC

H S i j

i j i j

i,j

,

, ,

= −

Appendix E

Derivation of Highway-Certification Compliance Margins and 

Application to Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines

Here below, we describe the derivation of the highway-certification compliance

margins (HCCMs) in greater detail. The highway certification results used for this purpose

in derivation of Tier 2/3 emission factors (option 4) are summarized in a report updating

emission levels for heavy-duty highway diesel engines for use in MOBILE6 (1). The report

presents results for light, medium, and heavy vehicle classes in model years 1988-1989 and

1991-1994. For this analysis, we supplemented these certification data with more recent

highway certification data from model years 1997-2001.

We used the highway certification results to calculate compliance margins (HCCM)

for some highway engines for MY 1988-2001. The procedure followed several steps ( refer 

to Table E1):

(1) We assigned highway model-year groups, (e.g., 1991-93) to each nonroad

horsepower category (e.g., 50-100 hp). These assignments vary for each pollutant

and individual horsepower category. The assignments attempt to associate similar

highway and nonroad engine technologies. We averaged results for multiple years

within a model-year group.

(2) We assigned nonroad engines less than 50 horsepower to the light heavy-duty diesel

vehicle weight class (LHDD), engines in the range of 50-250 hp to the medium

heavy-duty diesel vehicle weight class (MHDD), and engines greater than 250 hp to

the heavy heavy-duty diesel vehicle weight class (HHDD). Within a model-year

group, these assignments identified subsets of certification data to represent specific

nonroad horsepower categories. Correspondence between highway weight class

(light-duty, medium-duty, heavy-duty) and nonroad horsepower categories follows

relationships established by the California Air Resources Board (CARB 2000).

(3) We used the highway certification data described above and assigned to the

appropriate nonroad horsepower categories to calculate compliance margins for

highway engines at certification:

where HCCMi,j, HSi,j and AHCi,j are the highway-certification compliance margin,

highway standard and average certification emissions level, respectively, for

pollutant i, and horsepower category j (e.g., NOx, 50-100 hp).
E2

While we calculated the highway-certification compliance margins for all pollutants

and horsepower categories, note that Table E1 presents results only for NOx and PM. We

do not present compliance margins for HC and CO because we did not use them in

estimation of Tier 2/3 emission factors.

References

(1) EPA, “Update of Heavy-Duty Emission Levels (Model Years 1988-2004+) for Use in

MOBILE6,” EPA420-R-99-010, April 1999.
E3

Table E1. Highway-Certification Compliance Margins by Horsepower Category

Nonroad Engine

Power Categories

(hp)

Highway ModelYear Group (MYG)

Corresponding Heavy-Duty Highway Vehicle Weight Class

(VWC), Emission Standards (HS), Certification Test Results

(AHC) and Compliance Margins (HCCM)

NOx

VWC1 HS

(g/hp-hr)

AHC 2

(g/hp-hr)

HCCM

(% HS)

< 11 1991-93 LHDD 5.0 4.28 14

11-25 1991-93 LHDD 5.0 4.28 14

25-50 1991-93 LHDD 5.0 4.28 14

50-100 1991-93 MHDD 5.0 4.54 9.0

100-175 1998-2003 MHDD 4.0 3.78 5.5

175-300 1998-2003 MHDD 4.0 3.58 10.5

300-600 1998-2003 HHDD 4.0 3.92 2.0

600-750 1998-2003 HHDD 4.0 3.84 4.0

>750 1998-2003 HHDD 4.0 3.84 4.0

PM

< 11 1988-89 LHDD 0.6 0.44 27

11-25 1988-89 LHDD 0.6 0.44 27

25-50 1988-89 LHDD 0.6 0.44 27

50-100 1991-93 MHDD 0.25 0.20 20

100-175 1991-93 MHDD 0.25 0.20 20

175-300 1994-97 MHDD 0.10 0.08 20

300-600 1994-97 HHDD 0.10 0.08 20

600-750 1994-97 HHDD 0.10 0.08 20

>750 1994-97 HHDD 0.10 0.08 20

1

 LHDD = “light heavy-duty diesel,” MHDD = “medium heavy-duty diesel,” and HHDD = “heavy heavy-duty diesel.” 2

 Source: USEPA (1999), for NOx, Table 10 or MY 1997-2001 highway certification data; for PM, Table 11 or MY

1997-2001highway certification data.
F1

Appendix F

Derivation of Transient Adjustment Factors (TAFs) for

Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines

Nonroad engines often operate under conditions unlike that of the steady-state ISOC1 testing procedure typically used in emissions testing. This alternate operation can cause

a change in the emission characteristics of nonroad compression ignition (CI) engines. As

in NEVES, the NONROAD model accounts for in-use (transient) operation in CI engines

by applying an adjustment to emission factors generated using the ISO-C1 (8-mode) steadystate tests. Unlike NEVES, the NONROAD model uses transient adjustment factors

derived from emission testing designed to represent operational behavior of nonroad

equipment. Note that the transient adjustments are not applied by the NONROAD model,

but are applied by EPA during the creation of the NONROAD emission factor input files.

Development of Transient Adjustment Factors

In NEVES, EPA adjusted the ISO-C1-derived emission factor data available at the

time to account for in-use operation by applying a set of multipliers. These factors were

derived from a comparison of only a few engines tested with both the ISO-C1 test

procedure and the highway Federal Test Procedure (FTP). (1) These factors shown in

Table F1 were applied in NEVES only to engines used in applications judged to be

sufficiently transient in nature.

Table F1. NEVES Test Cycle Adjustment from ISO-C1 Emission Factors

NEVES

Adjustment

HC CO NOx PM

1.4 2.0 1 1.6

NONROAD’s steady-state emission factors for pre-1988 CI engines of greater than

50 hp are based on the emission factors used in the NEVES. As a result, the NEVES in-use

adjustments were removed to determine pre-1988 average steady-state emissions for these 

engines. The TAFs described below are then applied consistently to all the steady-state

emission factors in NONROAD, including the NEVES-derived steady-state emission

factors.

Since it was recognized that the highway test procedure may not simulate engine

behavior when used in nonroad applications, a joint EMA\EPA project was initiated to

develop more realistic test cycles for nonroad engine emissions characterization. The

project developed cycles to represent typical operation of an agricultural tractor, a crawler

dozer, and a backhoe\loader. The cycles were developed from data acquired from

instrumenting one piece of each type of equipment. This data was used to construct

appropriate test cycles from statistical criteria developed by EMA and EPA. Southwest
F2

TAF

E F

E F

trans

ss

=

Research Institute (SwRI) then tested nine late-model nonroad engines using the steadystate ISO-C1 certification procedure and the three nonroad test cycles. (2) Later testing at

SwRI involved three additional engines and four additional cycles (rubber-tire loader, skidsteer loader, arc welder, and excavator cycles). (3) A summary of the cycle specific

emission results for each engine is given in Table F2.

For each pollutant and test cycle, we calculate the TAF as the ratio of the transient

emission factor (EFtrans) to the corresponding steady-state (ISO-C1) emission factor (EFss):

Transient adjustment factors may be greater than or less than 1.0.

Using the emission data in Table F2, TAFs were calculated for each engine,

pollutant, and test cycle. The resulting TAFs for each engine are provided in Table F3. 

The TAFs for each engine were then averaged to obtain composite TAFs for each of the

seven test cycles. These are also shown in Table F3 along with the standard deviations. 

TAFs for Tier 0 and Tier 1 engines were combined, since they were not statistically

different, based on P values obtained from performing the Student’s t-Test.

For this version of NONROAD, the seven average cycle TAFs were further binned

into two categories, Hi LF and Lo LF, based on the cycle load factors. We thought this

approach would be more defensible, given the limited data available. This approach is also

consistent with that used to develop the new load factors in the model. Table F4 shows

how the cycle TAFs were binned. When reviewing the cycle load factors, two bins

emerged. A high load factor bin consisted of the following cycles: agricultural tractor

(LF=0.78), crawler dozer (LF=0.58), rubber-tire loader (LF=0.48), and excavator

(LF=0.53). A low load factor bin consisted of the remaining cycles: backhoe/loader

(LF=0.21), skid-steer loader (LF=0.23), and arc welder (LF=0.19). The TAFs for the high

load factor cycles were averaged to obtain a composite Hi LF TAF. Similarly, the TAFs

for the low load factor cycles were averaged to obtain a composite Lo LF TAF. As a result,

the cycle TAFs were replaced by either a Hi LF TAF or a Lo LF TAF, depending on the

cycle assignment.

Table F5 presents the CI TAFs used in draft NONROAD2002. The TAFs are

carried over from Table F4 with the exception of the Tier 3 TAFs for NOx and PM. The

rationale for the NOx and PM Tier 3 TAFs is described in detail below.

Transient Emission Control and Implications for Tier 3 NOx and PM TAFs

The nonroad engine test cycle is a weighted 8 mode steady-state emission cycle
F3

without a transient test element. This is in contrast to on-highway diesel regulations which

are set based on average emissions over a 20 minute transient test and a separate steadystate test. The absence of a transient test allows some additional control flexibilities for

nonroad engines not available, or available at a diminished level, for on-highway diesel

engines. The nonroad engine standards are therefore inherently less restrictive than

otherwise equivalent on-highway emission standards, as explained in the following

paragraphs.

Transient PM emission control is realized for on-highway diesel engines by limiting

fuel injection quantities dependent upon the oxygen content available (the air to fuel ratio,

A/F) to burn the fuel. When an on-highway diesel engine transitions from a low load

steady-state condition to a higher load it does so by increasing the fuel injection rate and the

air induction rate through increases in the intake manifold pressure (i.e. higher boost from

the turbocharger) in order to maintain an A/F ratio with acceptable PM emissions. While

the fueling rate can be changed almost instantaneously on a diesel engine, it takes a longer

amount of time for the turbocharger to increase the air flow due to the inertial lag of the

turbocharger and the mass of air. During the transient period when the turbocharger is

gradually increasing the air flow, the engine control system limits the addition of fuel in

order to prevent excess PM emissions. It is only after the air flow has increased to the

proper amount, that the engine control system allows the fueling rate to rise to the level

needed to deliver the desired engine torque. This control approach limits transient PM

emissions so that the engine will pass the highway transient test. Absent a transient PM

emissions test, the engine controller could immediately increase the fueling rate, providing

rapid attainment of the desired torque level, but this would also dramatically increase PM

emissions. The increase in PM emissions under transient conditions due to the lack of

oxygen (low A/F) is exacerbated by the use of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to limit NOx

emissions. This is because the recirculated gases have a lower oxygen content (the very

reason they help to lower NOx emissions). In order to maintain effective PM emission

control with EGR, turbocharger boost levels are increased (more low oxygen content air is

forced in to the engine in order to give a total oxygen content similar to without EGR). 

Because of the higher boost pressure required, transient PM control might be expected to be

worse for EGR equipped engines. For highway diesel engines which must meet a transient

PM emission standard, these issues are addressed with sophisticated control systems and

with the use of advanced turbocharger systems (i.e., variable geometry turbochargers). 

Absent a transient test procedure, these advanced systems would not necessarily be used.

Similarly, NOx control for on-highway diesel engines equipped with EGR systems

are significantly constrained by the transient emission test procedure. When undergoing a

transient event as described in the previous example, an EGR emission control system for

on-highway engines would briefly turn off EGR in order to increase the fresh air flow to the

system in order to limit PM emissions and increase engine torque response. The control

system must, however, restore the EGR relatively quickly in order to control NOx emissions

under the highway transient test procedure. Failure to do so would lead to higher NOx
F4

emissions. Absent a transient NOx standard, the EGR system could be turned off for a long

period under transient operation, leading to substantially higher NOx emissions than what

would be expected based upon a steady state emission test level alone. The extent of this

increase in NOx emissions is dependent upon the degree of transient operation (the relative

change in engine load). To the extent that load transient are less severe or not extended, the

differences in the resulting NOx emissions would be less evident.

The lack of a transient emission test procedure for nonroad engines is a concern to

the Agency, because we know that PM emissions realized in use can be significantly higher

than the steady-state emission level set by the PM standards. Similarly, we have concerns

that NOx emissions under transient conditions may be higher than indicated by the steady

state emissions test and the associated standards. We are therefore working to develop a

more comprehensive set of emission test requirements for nonroad engines to include a

transient test element. In the absence of such a test procedure for Tier 3 engines, we

believe that it is prudent to try to characterize these in-use emissions by increasing the

TAFs applied for NOx and PM emissions for Tier 3 engines from the level estimated for

Tier 2 engines. Since Tier 3 engines are not available to provide test data to establish the

level of adjustment required, we have applied engineering judgement to estimate the level

of increase in emissions. For PM we have estimated that the TAF will increase by 20

percent due to the lack of a transient test and the inherent reduction in average A/F ratio

values due to the use of EGR. Given the highly transient nature of some nonroad diesel

engine applications the actual level of increase could be even higher. In the absence of

more definitive data we believe that a 20 percent increase in the TAF is appropriate. We

intend to investigate this issue further when Tier 3 engines become available for testing. 

We also believe that the NOx TAF should be adjusted in a similar manner. For NOx we

believe that a 10 percent increase in the TAF is appropriate given the characteristics of

EGR systems as we understand them today. We believe that nonroad engine manufacturers

will choose to modulate EGR rates during high load change transient operation in order to

limit PM emissions increases. This will lead to an increase in NOx emission for the period

that the EGR rate is modulated below the steady-state level. For example, a 10 percent

increase in NOx emissions could correspond to an EGR rate of zero for 10 percent of the

time (a duty cycle of 90 percent moderate transient and steady-state operation and 10

percent highly transient operation) assuming that NOx emissions double when the EGR

flow is zero. For some applications with extreme transient operations it is conceivable that

the increase in emission could be even higher. As with PM, we intend to investigate the

actual level of NOx emissions when Tier 3 engines become available.

Applying In-use Adjustment Factors

To apply the in-use adjustment factors listed in Table F5 to the entire CI equipment

population, EPA matched nonroad applications with the test cycle that most closely

represents the nonroad activity for the application. Table F6 lists the nonroad applications

used in the NONROAD model and the in-use adjustment most representative of that
F5

application. If steady-state operation is typical of an application no adjustment was made,

and the cycle adjustment is listed as ‘none’.

Table A3 presents the resulting TAFs assigned to each equipment application. The

steady-state emission factors given in Table A2 were then multiplied by the appropriate inuse adjustment factor to create NONROAD’s emission factor inputs for CI engines.

Comparison with Previous Draft Versions of NONROAD

Table F7 presents a comparison of TAF methodologies used in the various draft

versions of NONROAD.

References

(1) EPA, “Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study” (NEVES), U.S. EPA, Office of

Air and Radiation, 21A-2001. November, 1991

(2) Fritz, S. G. and M.E. Starr, “Emission Factors for Compression Ignition Nonroad

Engines Operated on Number 2 Highway and Nonroad Diesel Fuel,” Southwest Research

Institute. EPA contract # 68-C5-0077, SwRI 08-7601-822, March 1998.

(3) Starr, M.E., “Nonroad Engine Emissions Testing,” Southwest Research Institute. EPA

contract # 68-C5-0076 and 68-C-98-169, September 1999.
F6

Table F2. CI Engine Emissions Data Used to Calculate Transient Adjustment Factors

Engine

(reference) Tier Test Cycle HC (g/hp-hr)

CO 

(g/hp-hr)

NOx

(g/hp-hr)

PM

(g/hp-hr)

BSFC

(lb/hp-hr)

Caterpillar 3116 (2) 0 ISO-C1 8-mode 0.07 2.51 9.38 0.406 0.352

Agricultural Tractor 0.04 0.75 9.4 0.28 0.357

Backhoe Loader 0.36 7.47 9.46 0.652 0.411

Crawler Dozer 0.09 7.3 8.7 0.713 0.362

Caterpillar 3054 (2) 0 ISO-C1 8-mode 0.66 1 7.53 0.387 0.393

Agricultural Tractor 0.46 0.47 9.46 0.263 0.377

Backhoe Loader 1.22 3.34 5.45 0.759 0.446

Crawler Dozer 0.51 1.06 8.28 0.384 0.372

John Deere 4039 (2) 0 ISO-C1 8-mode 0.41 2.17 11.22 0.384 0.389

Agricultural Tractor 0.2 0.56 11.7 0.173 0.361

Backhoe Loader 1 2.62 9.57 0.447 0.471

Crawler Dozer 0.33 1.42 11.7 0.254 0.372

John Deere 7076 (2) 0 ISO-C1 8-mode 0.53 2.05 10.22 0.25 0.385

Agricultural Tractor 0.54 0.57 9.45 0.168 0.366

Backhoe Loader 1.13 4.82 14.35 0.522 0.493

Crawler Dozer 0.52 2.22 10.14 0.303 0.37

Consolidated Diesel 

6TA-830 (2)

0 ISO-C1 8-mode 0.86 1.5 6.53 0.397 0.365

Agricultural Tractor 0.9 1.07 5.62 0.304 0.377

Backhoe Loader 2.08 9.86 6.69 1.698 0.438

Crawler Dozer 0.83 3.76 6.06 0.805 0.37

John Deere 6619 (2) 0 ISO-C1 8-mode 0.82 4.69 7.29 0.662 0.397

Agricultural Tractor 0.87 1.16 6.77 0.283 0.4

Backhoe Loader 1.99 6.89 8.29 1.102 0.466

Crawler Dozer 0.8 3.31 7.01 0.698 0.398

Consolidated Diesel 

4039 (2)

0 ISO-C1 8-mode 1.32 3.37 7.57 0.581 0.389

Agricultural Tractor 0.86 2.5 7.28 0.43 0.367

Backhoe Loader 2.89 3.31 6.52 0.725 0.436

Crawler Dozer 1.22 2.1 7.4 0.413 0.364

Caterpillar 3306 (2) 0 ISO-C1 8-mode 1.27 1.46 6.52 0.248 0.373

Agricultural Tractor 1.33 0.82 6.46 0.201 0.372

Backhoe Loader 2.3 5.14 7.22 0.813 0.415

Crawler Dozer 1.16 2.7 6.54 0.436 0.37

John Deere 6101 (2) 1

ISO-C1 8-mode 0.47 0.86 5.55 0.186 0.350

Agricultural Tractor 0.50 0.32 4.93 0.125 0.362

Backhoe Loader 1.07 1.92 6.36 0.430 0.434

Crawler Dozer 0.51 1.17 5.25 0.246 0.362

John Deere 6101(same

engine) retested (3)

1 ISO-C1 8-mode 0.50 1.17 5.73 0.219 0.363

Agricultural Tractor 0.46 0.44 5.16 0.130 0.355

Backhoe Loader 0.93 1.90 6.04 0.430 0.419
Table F2. CI Engine Emissions Data Used to Calculate Transient Adjustment Factors

Engine

(reference) Tier Test Cycle HC (g/hp-hr)

CO 

(g/hp-hr)

NOx

(g/hp-hr)

PM

(g/hp-hr)

BSFC

(lb/hp-hr)

F7

Crawler Tractor 0.47 1.14 5.50 0.250 0.357

John Deere 6101 (same

engine) retested

1 ISO-C1 8-mode 0.46 0.95 5.75 0.19

Agricultural Tractor 0.39 0.39 5.24 0.11

Backhoe Loader 0.68 1.58 6.09 0.33

Crawler Dozer 0.37 1.33 5.61 0.24

Excavator 0.67 0.40 4.92 0.171

John Deere 6101

(average of three tests)

1 ISO-C1 8-mode 0.48 0.99 5.68 0.20 0.36

Agricultural Tractor 0.45 0.38 5.11 0.12 0.36

Backhoe Loader 0.89 1.80 6.16 0.40 0.43

Crawler Dozer 0.45 1.21 5.45 0.24 0.36

Excavator 0.67 0.40 4.92 0.171

Caterpillar 3176 (3) 1 ISO-C1 8-mode 0.08 1.78 5.51 0.183 0.333

Agricultural Tractor 0.08 1.47 5.39 0.180 0.330

Backhoe Loader 0.12 4.12 7.20 0.290 0.367

Crawler Dozer 0.06 2.67 5.61 0.230 0.334

MX270 (3) 1 ISO-C1 8-mode 0.11 0.40 4.51 0.096 0.340

Agricultural Tractor 0.06 0.30 4.33 0.090 0.332

Backhoe Loader 0.09 1.30 4.49 0.200 0.382

Crawler Tractor 0.04 0.78 4.11 0.140 0.341

Typ Rubber-Tire Loader 0.07 1.32 4.33 0.180 0.350

Typ Skid-Steer Loader 0.09 0.68 4.15 0.160 0.374

Typ Arc Welder 0.20 1.28 5.39 0.190 0.442

MX240 (3) 1 ISO-C1 8-mode 0.06 0.51 4.32 0.116 0.351

Agricultural Tractor 0.05 0.26 4.02 0.090 0.340

Backhoe Loader 0.12 1.06 4.63 0.200 0.380

Crawler Tractor 0.05 1.04 3.99 0.160 0.342

Typ Rubber-Tire Loader 0.09 2.07 4.18 0.250 0.368

Typ Skid-Steer Loader 0.13 1.00 4.25 0.210 0.379

Typ Arc Welder 0.27 1.65 6.15 0.260 0.451
F8

Table F3. CI Transient Adjustment Factors for Various Nonroad Test Cycles

Engine Tier Test Cycle HC CO NOx PM BSFC

Caterpillar 3116 0 Agricultural Tractor 0.57 0.30 1.00 0.69 1.01

Backhoe Loader 5.14 2.98 1.01 1.61 1.17

Crawler Dozer 1.29 2.91 0.93 1.76 1.03

Caterpillar 3054 0 Agricultural Tractor 0.70 0.47 1.26 0.68 0.96

Backhoe Loader 1.85 3.34 0.72 1.96 1.13

Crawler Dozer 0.77 1.06 1.10 0.99 0.95

John Deere 4039 0 Agricultural Tractor 0.49 0.26 1.04 0.45 0.93

Backhoe Loader 2.44 1.21 0.85 1.16 1.21

Crawler Dozer 0.80 0.65 1.04 0.66 0.96

John Deere 7076 0 Agricultural Tractor 1.02 0.28 0.92 0.67 0.95

Backhoe Loader 2.13 2.35 1.40 2.09 1.28

Crawler Dozer 0.98 1.08 0.99 1.21 0.96

Consolidated Diesel 

6TA-830

0 Agricultural Tractor 1.05 0.71 0.86 0.77 1.03

Backhoe Loader 2.42 6.57 1.02 4.28 1.20

Crawler Dozer 0.97 2.51 0.93 2.03 1.01

John Deere 6619 0 Agricultural Tractor 1.06 0.25 0.93 0.43 1.01

Backhoe Loader 2.43 1.47 1.14 1.66 1.17

Crawler Dozer 0.98 0.71 0.96 1.05 1.00

Consolidated Diesel 

4039

0 Agricultural Tractor 0.65 0.74 0.96 0.74 0.94

Backhoe Loader 2.19 0.98 0.86 1.25 1.12

Crawler Dozer 0.92 0.62 0.98 0.71 0.94

Caterpillar 3306 0 Agricultural Tractor 1.05 0.56 0.99 0.81 1.00

Backhoe Loader 1.81 3.52 1.11 3.28 1.11

Crawler Dozer 0.91 1.85 1.00 1.76 0.99

John Deere 6101

(average of three tests)

1 Agricultural Tractor 0.99 0.37 0.89 0.63 1.01

Backhoe Loader 2.06 1.88 1.10 2.12 1.20

Crawler Dozer 1.01 1.14 0.95 1.22 1.01

Excavator 1.40 0.44 0.87 0.89 1.03

Caterpillar 3176 1 Agricultural Tractor 1.00 0.83 0.98 0.98 0.99

Backhoe Loader 1.50 2.31 1.31 1.58 1.10

Crawler Dozer 0.75 1.50 1.02 1.26 1.00

MX270 1 Agricultural Tractor 0.55 0.75 0.96 0.94 0.98

Backhoe Loader 0.82 3.25 1.00 2.08 1.12

Crawler Dozer 0.36 1.95 0.91 1.46 1.00

Typ Rubber-Tire Loader 0.64 3.30 0.96 1.88 1.03

Typ Skid-Steer Loader 0.82 1.70 0.92 1.67 1.10

Typ Arc Welder 1.82 3.20 1.20 1.98 1.30

MX240 1 Agricultural Tractor 0.83 0.51 0.93 0.78 0.97

Backhoe Loader 2.00 2.08 1.07 1.72 1.08

Crawler Dozer 0.83 2.04 0.92 1.38 0.97
Table F3. CI Transient Adjustment Factors for Various Nonroad Test Cycles

Engine Tier Test Cycle HC CO NOx PM BSFC

F9

Typ Rubber-Tire Loader 1.50 4.06 0.97 2.16 1.05

Typ Skid-Steer Loader 2.17 1.96 0.98 1.81 1.08

Typ Arc Welder 4.50 3.24 1.42 2.24 1.28

Average of

Individual TAFs

Agricultural Tractor 0.83 0.50 0.98 0.71 0.98

Backhoe Loader 2.23 2.66 1.05 2.07 1.16

Crawler Dozer 0.88 1.50 0.98 1.29 0.99

Typ Rubber-Tire Loader 1.07 3.68 0.96 2.02 1.04

Typ Skid-Steer Loader 1.49 1.83 0.95 1.74 1.09

Typ Arc Welder 3.16 3.22 1.31 2.11 1.29

Excavator 1.40 0.44 0.87 0.89 1.03

Standard Deviation

of TAFs

Agricultural Tractor 0.22 0.21 0.10 0.17 0.03

Backhoe Loader 1.02 1.49 0.19 0.88 0.06

Crawler Dozer 0.22 0.75 0.06 0.42 0.03

Typ Rubber-Tire Loader 0.61 0.54 0.01 0.20 0.01

Typ Skid-Steer Loader 0.95 0.18 0.04 0.10 0.01

Typ Arc Welder 1.90 0.02 0.16 0.19 0.01

Student’s t-test: 

P value*

T0 vs T1

Agricultural Tractor 0.90 0.21 0.40 0.08 0.77

Backhoe Loader 0.13 0.67 0.40 0.63 0.17

Crawler Dozer 0.11 0.64 0.26 0.83 0.36

* P value > 0.05 indicates that the difference between the Tier 0 and Tier 1 values is not statistically

significant.
F10

Table F4. CI Cycle Transient Adjustment Factors Binned by Load Factor Category

Cycle Cycle

Load

Factors*

Assignment HC CO NOx

Cycle TAFs New TAFs Cycle TAFs New TAFs Cycle TAFs New TAFs

None (steady-state) N/A None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Agricultural Tractor 0.78 Hi LF 0.83 1.05 0.50 1.53 0.98 0.95Backhoe/Loader 0.21 Lo LF 2.23 2.29 2.66 2.57 1.05 1.10Crawler Dozer 0.58 Hi LF 0.88 1.05 1.50 1.53 0.98 0.95Rubber-Tire Loader 0.48 Hi LF 1.07 1.05 3.68 1.53 0.96 0.95Skid-Steer Loader 0.23 Lo LF 1.49 2.29 1.83 2.57 0.95 1.10Arc Welder 0.19 Lo LF 3.16 2.29 3.22 2.57 1.31 1.10Excavator 0.53 Hi LF 1.40 1.05 0.44 1.53 0.87 0.95

avg Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95

avg Lo LF 2.29 2.57 1.10

Cycle Cycle

Load

Factors*

Assignment PM BSFC

Cycle TAFs New TAFs Cycle TAFs New TAFs

None (steady-state) N/A None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Agricultural Tractor 0.78 Hi LF 0.71 1.23 0.98 1.01Backhoe/Loader 0.21 Lo LF 2.07 1.97 1.16 1.18Crawler Dozer 0.58 Hi LF 1.29 1.23 0.99 1.01Rubber-Tire Loader 0.48 Hi LF 2.02 1.23 1.04 1.01Skid-Steer Loader 0.23 Lo LF 1.74 1.97 1.09 1.18Arc Welder 0.19 Lo LF 2.11 1.97 1.29 1.18Excavator 0.53 Hi LF 0.89 1.23 1.03 1.01

avg Hi LF 1.23 1.01

avg Lo LF 1.97 1.18

* The load factors shown were obtained from engine test data and are not used directly in NONROAD.
F11

Table F5. CI Transient Adjustment Factors in Draft NONROAD2002

Assignment HC CO NOx PM BSFC

All Tiers All Tiers Base,

Tiers 0-2

Tier 3* Base,

Tiers 0-2

Tier 3* All Tiers

avg Hi LF 1.05 1.53 0.95 1.04 1.23 1.47 1.01

avg Lo LF 2.29 2.57 1.10 1.21 1.97 2.37 1.18

None 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.00

* NOx Tier 3 TAF = 1.1*(NOx Base, Tiers 0-2 TAF). PM Tier 3 TAF = 1.2*(PM Base, Tiers 0-2 TAF). 

The NOx and PM Tier 3 adjustment factors were incorrectly applied to steady-state equipment types (i.e.,

those with cycle assignments of “None.”). This will be corrected in the next version of the model.
F12

Table F6. CI Transient Adjustment Factor Assignments by Equipment Type

SCC Equipment Type Representative

Cycle

TAF

Assignment

2270001000 Recreational Vehicles All Backhoe Lo LF

2270001020 Recreational Vehicles Snowmobiles None None

2270001030 Recreational Vehicles All Terrain Vehicles None None

2270001040 Recreational Vehicles Minibikes None None

2270001050 Recreational Vehicles Golf Carts None None

2270001060 Recreational Vehicles Speciality Vehicle Carts Backhoe Lo LF

2270002003 Construction Equipment Pavers Crawler Hi LF

2270002006 Construction Equipment Tampers/Rammers None None

2270002009 Construction Equipment Plate Compactors None None

2270002015 Construction Equipment Rollers Crawler Hi LF

2270002018 Construction Equipment Scrapers Crawler Hi LF

2270002021 Construction Equipment Paving Equipment Crawler Hi LF

2270002024 Construction Equipment Surfacing Equipment Crawler Hi LF

2270002027 Construction Equipment Signal Boards None None

2270002030 Construction Equipment Trenchers Crawler Hi LF

2270002033 Construction Equipment Bore/Drill Rigs None None

2270002036 Construction Equipment Excavators Excavator Hi LF

2270002039 Construction Equipment Concrete/Industrial Saws Crawler Hi LF

2270002042 Construction Equipment Cement & Mortar Mixers None None

2270002045 Construction Equipment Cranes None None

2270002048 Construction Equipment Graders Crawler Hi LF

2270002051 Construction Equipment Off-highway Trucks Crawler Hi LF

2270002054 Construction Equipment Crushing/Proc. Equipment None None

2270002057 Construction Equipment Rough Terrain Forklifts RTLoader Hi LF

2270002060 Construction Equipment Rubber Tire Loaders RTLoader Hi LF

2270002063 Construction Equipment Rubber Tire Dozers Crawler Hi LF

2270002066 Construction Equipment Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes Backhoe Lo LF

2270002069 Construction Equipment Crawler Dozer Crawler Hi LF

2270002072 Construction Equipment Skid Steer Loaders SSLoader Lo LF

2270002075 Construction Equipment Off-Highway Tractors Crawler Hi LF

2270002078 Construction Equipment Dumpers/Tenders Backhoe Lo LF

2270002081 Construction Equipment Other Construction Equipment Crawler Hi LF

2270003010 Industrial Equipment Aerial Lifts Backhoe Lo LF

2270003020 Industrial Equipment Forklifts RTLoader Hi LF

2270003030 Industrial Equipment Sweepers/Scrubbers None None

2270003040 Industrial Equipment Other General Industrial Equipment None None

2270003050 Industrial Equipment Other Material Handling Equipment Backhoe Lo LF

2270003060 Industrial Equipment AC\Refrigeration None None

2270003070 Terminal Tractors Crawler Hi LF

2270004000 Lawn & Garden Equipment ALL None None

2270004010 Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn mowers (Residential) None None

2270004011 Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn mowers (Commercial) None None

2270004015 Lawn & Garden Equipment Rotary Tillers < 6 HP None None

2270004016 Lawn & Garden Equipment Rotary Tillers < 6 HP

(Commercial)

None None

2270004020 Lawn & Garden Equipment Chain Saws < 6 HP None None

2270004021 Lawn & Garden Equipment Chain Saws < 6 HP

(Commercial)

None None
Table F6. CI Transient Adjustment Factor Assignments by Equipment Type

SCC Equipment Type Representative

Cycle

TAF

Assignment

F13

2270004025 Lawn & Garden Equipment Trimmers/Edgers/Brush

Cutters

None None

2270004026 Lawn & Garden Equipment Trimmers/Edgers/Brush

Cutters (Commercial)

None None

2270004030 Lawn & Garden Equipment Leafblowers/Vacuums None None

2270004031 Lawn & Garden Equipment Leafblowers/Vacuums

(Commercial)

None None

2270004035 Lawn & Garden Equipment Snowblowers None None

2270004036 Lawn & Garden Equipment Snowblowers (Commercial) None None

2270004040 Lawn & Garden Equipment Rear Engine Riding Mowers None None

2270004041 Lawn & Garden Equipment Rear Engine Riding Mowers

(Commercial)

None None

2270004045 Lawn & Garden Equipment Front Mowers None None

2270004046 Lawn & Garden Equipment Front Mowers (Commercial) None None

2270004050 Lawn & Garden Equipment Shredders < 6 HP None None

2270004051 Lawn & Garden Equipment Shredders < 6 HP

(Commercial)

None None

2270004055 Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn & Garden Tractors None None

2270004056 Lawn & Garden Equipment Lawn & Garden Tractors

(Commercial)

None None

2270004060 Lawn & Garden Equipment Wood Splitters None None

2270004061 Lawn & Garden Equipment Wood Splitters (Commercial) None None

2270004065 Lawn & Garden Equipment Chippers/Stump Grinders None None

2270004066 Lawn & Garden Equipment Chippers/Stump Grinders

(Commercial)

None None

2270004071 Lawn & Garden Equipment Commercial Turf Equipment

(Commercial)

None None

2270004075 Lawn & Garden Equipment Other Lawn & Garden

Equipment

None None

2270004076 Lawn & Garden Equipment Other Lawn & Garden

Equipment (Commercial)

None None

2270005010 Farm Equipment 2-Wheel Tractors AgTractor Hi LF

2270005015 Farm Equipment Agricultural Tractors AgTractor Hi LF

2270005020 Farm Equipment Combines AgTractor Hi LF

2270005025 Farm Equipment Balers AgTractor Hi LF

2270005030 Farm Equipment Agricultural Mowers AgTractor Hi LF

2270005035 Farm Equipment Sprayers AgTractor Hi LF

2270005040 Farm Equipment Tillers > 6 HP AgTractor Hi LF

2270005045 Farm Equipment Swathers AgTractor Hi LF

2270005050 Farm Equipment Hydro Power Units None None

2270005055 Farm Equipment Other Agricultural Equipment AgTractor Hi LF

2270005060 Farm Equipment Irrigation Sets None None

2270006000 Light Commercial ALL None None

2270006005 Light Commercial Generator Sets None None

2270006010 Light Commercial Pumps None None

2270006015 Light Commercial Air Compressors None None

2270006020 Light Commercial Gas Compressors None None

2270006025 Light Commercial Welders ArcWelder Lo LF

2270006030 Light Commercial Pressure Washers None None

2270007005 Logging Equipment Chain Saws > 6 HP RTLoader Hi LF

2270007010 Logging Equipment Shredders > 6 HP RTLoader Hi LF

2270007015 Logging Equipment Forest Equipment RTLoader Hi LF
Table F6. CI Transient Adjustment Factor Assignments by Equipment Type

SCC Equipment Type Representative

Cycle

TAF

Assignment

F14

2270008005 Airport Service Equipment Airport Support Equipment RTLoader Hi LF

2270009010 Other Underground Mining Equipment Backhoe Lo LF

2270010010 Other Oil Field Equipment None None

2282020005 Recreational Pleasure Craft, Inboards None None

2282020010 Recreational Pleasure Craft, Outboards None None

2282020015 Recreational Pleasure Craft, Personal Water Craft None None

2282020025 Recreational Pleasure Craft, Sailboat Aux. Outboard None None

2285002015 Railway Maintenance Backhoe Lo LF

Table F7. Comparison of TAF Methodology Used in Draft Versions of NONROAD

Model Date Model

Version

Name

Data as Basis

(# of engines)

Cycles Used Treatment

of Tier 0 vs

Tier 1 Data

Ratio of

Averages

or Average

of Ratios?

TAFs Used

and

Assignments

June 1998 “Original” 9 engines

(8 Tier 0 and 1

Tier 1 engines)

Ag tractor

Backhoe Loader

Crawler Dozer

Tier 0 and

Tier 1 data 

combined

Ratio of

averages

3 cycle TAFs.

One assigned

to each

equipment type

April 1999 “Tier 2" No TAF-related changes

June 2000 “2007 HD

Rule”

12 engines

(8 Tier 0 and 4

Tier 1 engines)

Ag tractor

Backhoe Loader

Crawler Dozer

RT Loader

SS Loader

Arc Welder

Tier 0 and

Tier 1 data

separated;

separate

TAFs for

each

Ratio of

averages

Revised to

accomodate

separate T0

and T1 TAFs

and 3

additional

cycles

Nov 2000 “Final

Finding /

ANPRM”

No TAF related changes relative to June 2000 version

Oct 2001 “Pentathalon

NPRM”

12 engines

(8 Tier 0 and 4

Tier 1 engines)

Ag tractor

Backhoe Loader

Crawler Dozer

RT Loader

SS Loader

Arc Welder

Tier 0 and

Tier 1 data

re-combined

Average of

ratios

6 cycle TAFs. 

One assigned

to each

equipment type

March 2002 “NONROAD

2002"

12 engines

(8 Tier 0 and 4

Tier 1 engines)

Ag tractor

Backhoe Loader

Crawler Dozer

RT Loader

SS Loader

Arc Welder

Excavator

Tier 0 and

Tier 1 data

combined

Average of

ratios

7 cycle TAFs

binned in two

categories: Hi

LF and Lo LF. 

One assigned

to each

equipment

type.
G0
G1

Appendix G

Derivation of Deterioration Factors for

Nonroad Compression Ignition Engines

Deterioration factors used in emissions models are intended to account for increases

in emissions above a new engine or vehicle’s base emissions level with time. Emissions

can increase with time for a number of reasons including, engine wear, poor maintenance

practices, and willful or unwitting tampering with emission control systems. Emissions

from diesel engines increase with time (deteriorate) at a very slow rate when the engine is

properly maintained and operated. In fact for a number of pollutants (primarily NOx),

emission levels can actually drop slightly as the engine ages. However, anecdotal and

emission test experience suggests that many diesel engines emit at a much higher level inuse (especially PM) than would be anticipated for a well maintained diesel engine.

Diesel engines are extremely robust and can continue to provide adequate

performance for a user, even when they have been poorly maintained. Unlike speed and

load characterized performance, however, their emissions performance can decrease quite

rapidly when the engine receives poor maintenance. Analysis and testing conducted by

contractors to EPA and to the California Air Resources Board (CARB) have shown that

these maintenance and tampering issues comprise the bulk of the observed increase in PM

emissions from diesel engines in-use. (1) When CARB updated the large CI component of

its OFFROAD model in 2000, they accounted for this increase in emissions by using

deterioration factors developed from real world observations of in-use PM emissions

correlated to particular engine technologies. (2) We believe that this is the appropriate

approach for PM emission modeling in order to account for all of the possible mechanisms

of PM deterioration. We have therefore adopted the PM deterioration factors from

CARB’s OFFROAD model in this version of NONROAD. We averaged the highway-
G2

based LDDT, MHDT, and HHDT PM deterioration factors used in CARB’s OFFROAD

model (0.31, 0.44, and 0.67, respectively) and applied the average (0.473) to all tiers.

For HC, CO, and NOx, we have continued our practice of using deterioration factors

developed by manufacturers based upon well maintained engines. We have done so

because we believe that maintenance and tampering issues do not effect the emission rates

of these pollutants as dramatically. As a result, we base the HC, CO, and NOx deterioration

factors adopted for nonroad engines on highway certification data (zero-mile levels and

lifetime deterioration) (3). We used the same data to derive highway compliance margins

for the steady-state emission factor analysis. Correspondence between highway weight

class (light, medium, heavy), highway model-year group, and nonroad horsepower

categories is identical to that used for the steady-state emission factor analysis.

We converted the highway engine deterioration estimates into a format applicable to

nonroad engines, following these steps:

(1) We calculated absolute deterioration rates DFabs using the zero-mile emission

factors and lifetime deterioration estimates presented in reference (3).

(2) We converted the absolute deterioration rates DFabs (g/hp-hr2

) to relative

deterioration rates DFrel (% emissions increase/% useful life expended).

(3) We calculated a separate DFrel for each combination of pollutant, Tier, and

horsepower category. Then to derive a single value for each Tier and pollutant, we

simply averaged the DFrel.

We discuss these calculations in greater detail below.

To adapt highway-certification deterioration rates for application to nonroad

engines, it was necessary to convert them from an absolute basis (emissions increase over

engine’s useful life (g/hp-hr)) to a relative basis (% emissions increase/% useful life

expended). This conversion involves relating the emissions increase over the engine’s

useful life to the zero-hour emission factor, in proportional terms.

We achieved this conversion as follows. To begin, if we assume linear deterioration

with the intercept at the zero-mile emission factor, (0 deterioration increase at 0 miles (0

hours useful life)), it is possible to calculate the absolute slope of the line, i.e., the absolute

deterioration rate DFabs (g/hp-hr2

) (Figure 1 on next page). The required data are the

absolute emissions increase DT (g/hp-hr) over engine’s useful life L (years) and the zeromile emission factor EFzm (g/hp-hr):
G3

D F

E F

E F rel

T

z m T

z m

D

L

L

D =





 



 ⋅





 



 ⋅

=

100

100

D F

E F E F

abs

zm T z m T y

x

D

L

D

L = = + −

− = ∆∆

( )

0

Dividing the numerator and denominator by EFzm and L, respectively, and

multiplying each by 100 expresses the deterioration factor in percentage terms with respect

to emissions increase and useful life, giving a relative deterioration rate DFrel (% emissions

increase/% useful life):

Thus, the relative deterioration rate is the quotient of the absolute emissions

increase and the zero-mile emission factor. Tables G1-G3 present estimates of DFrel for

each combination of pollutant, Tier and horsepower category. To derive individual values

of DFrel for each pollutant and Tier, we calculated simple unweighted averages.

The resulting DFrel for each pollutant and Tier are presented in Table G4.

We intend to continue to monitor in-use PM emissions levels, and as the body of

data increases (especially for newer engine technologies), we intend to further update the

deterioration factors used here. Similarly, if we learn that deterioration rates for other

pollutants also increase significantly in-use, we will update those factors as well.

References
G4

Figure 1. C onceptual representation of absolute linear em issions 

deterioration over the useful life of a diesel engine.

X

Y

tim e (years)

brake specific emissions (g/hp-hr)

L E F z m

D T

D F abs

(1) Engine, Fuel and Emissions Engineering, Inc., “Modeling Deterioration in Heavy-Duty

Diesel Particulate Emissions,” report prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,

1998.

(2) ARB, “Public Meeting to Consider Approval of the Emissions Inventory of Off-Road

Large Compression-Ignited (CI) Engines (>25HP),” January 2000.

(3) EPA, “Update of Heavy-Duty Emission Levels (Model Years 1988-2004+) for Use in

MOBILE6,” EPA420-R-99-010, April 1999.
G5

Table G1. Hydrocarbon (HC) Deterioration Factors by Tier and

Horsepower Category

Nonroad

Engine

Power

Categories

(hp)

Corresponding

Highway

Vehicle Weight

Class1

Corresponding

Highway ModelYear GroupCorresponding Highway Certification Test Results and

Deterioration Factors

EFZM

2

(g/hp-hr)

DT

3

(g/hp-hr)

DFrel

4

(%increase/%

useful life)

Tier 0

< 11 LHDD 1988-89 0.64 0.02 0.031

11-25 LHDD 1988-89 0.64 0.02 0.031

25-50 LHDD 1988-89 0.64 0.02 0.031

50-100 MHDD 1988-89 0.66 0.05 0.068

100-175 MHDD 1988-89 0.66 0.05 0.068

175-300 MHDD 1988-89 0.66 0.05 0.068

300-600 HHDD 1988-89 0.47 0.02 0.043

600-750 HHDD 1988-89 0.47 0.02 0.043

>750 HHDD 1988-89 0.47 0.02 0.043

Tiers 1-3

< 11 LHDD 1994-97 0.26 0.01 0.038
G6

11-25 LHDD 1994-97 0.26 0.01 0.038

25-50 LHDD 1994-97 0.26 0.01 0.038

50-100 MHDD 1994-97 0.31 0.00 0.000

100-175 MHDD 1994-97 0.31 0.00 0.000

175-300 MHDD 1994-97 0.31 0.00 0.000

300-600 HHDD 1994-97 0.22 0.02 0.068

600-750 HHDD 1994-97 0.22 0.02 0.068

>750 HHDD 1994-97 0.22 0.02 0.068

1

 LHDD = “light heavy-duty diesel,” MHDD = “medium heavy-duty diesel,” and HHDD = “heavy heavy-duty diesel.”

2

 Zero-mile emission factor, Source: USEPA 1999, Table 8.

3

 Lifetime Deterioration (cumulative deterioration over vehicle useful life), Source USEPA 1999, Table 8.

4

 Relative Deterioration Factor, calculated as DT/EFzm. For discussion, see text.
G7

Table G2. CO Deterioration Factors by Tier and Horsepower Category1

Nonroad

Engine

Power

Categories

(hp)

Corresponding

Highway

Vehicle Weight

Class1

Corresponding

Highway ModelYear GroupCorresponding Highway Certification Test Results and

Deterioration Factors

EFZM

2

(g/hp-hr)

DT

3

(g/hp-hr)

DFrel

4

(%increase/%

useful life)

Tier 0

< 11 LHDD 1988-89 1.22 0.24 0.198

11-25 LHDD 1988-89 1.22 0.24 0.198

25-50 LHDD 1988-89 1.22 0.24 0.198

50-100 MHDD 1988-89 1.70 0.33 0.195

100-175 MHDD 1988-89 1.70 0.33 0.195

175-300 MHDD 1988-89 1.70 0.33 0.195

300-600 HHDD 1988-89 1.36 0.22 0.162

600-750 HHDD 1988-89 1.36 0.22 0.162

>750 HHDD 1988-89 1.36 0.22 0.162

Tiers 1-3

< 11 LHDD 1994-97 1.20 0.03 0.021

11-25 LHDD 1994-97 1.20 0.03 0.021
G8

25-50 LHDD 1994-97 1.20 0.03 0.021

50-100 MHDD 1994-97 0.88 0.17 0.189

100-175 MHDD 1994-97 0.88 0.17 0.189

175-300 MHDD 1994-97 0.88 0.17 0.189

300-600 HHDD 1994-97 1.07 0.10 0.093

600-750 HHDD 1994-97 1.07 0.10 0.093

> 750 HHDD 1994-97 1.07 0.10 0.093

1

 LHDD = “light heavy-duty diesel,” MHDD = “medium heavy-duty diesel,” and HHDD = “heavy heavy-duty diesel.”

2

 Zero-mile emission factor, Source: USEPA 1999, Table 9.

3

 Lifetime Deterioration (cumulative deterioration over vehicle useful life), Source USEPA 1999, Table 9.

4

 Relative Deterioration Factor, calculated as DT/EFzm. For discussion, see text.
G9

Table G3. NOx Deterioration Factors by Pollutant and Horsepower Category1

Nonroad

Engine Power

Categories

(hp)

Corresponding

Highway Vehicle

Weight Class1

Corresponding

Highway ModelYear GroupCorresponding Highway Certification Test Results and

Deterioration Factors

EFZM

2

(g/hp-hr)

DT

3

(g/hp-hr)

DFrel

4

(%increase/%

useful life)

Tier 0-1

< 11 LHDD 1988-89 4.34 0.02 0.005

11-25 LHDD 1988-89 4.34 0.02 0.005

25-50 LHDD 1988-89 4.34 0.02 0.005

50-100 MHDD 1988-89 6.43 0.16 0.025

100-175 MHDD 1988-89 6.43 0.16 0.025

175-300 MHDD 1988-89 6.43 0.16 0.025

300-600 HHDD 1988-89 6.28 0.28 0.044

600-750 HHDD 1988-89 6.28 0.28 0.044

>750 HHDD 1988-89 6.28 0.28 0.044

Tier 2

< 11 LHDD 1991-93 4.28 0.01 0.003

11-25 LHDD 1991-93 4.28 0.01 0.003

25-50 LHDD 1991-93 4.28 0.01 0.003

50-100 MHDD 1998-2003 4.67 0.03 0.006
G10

100-175 MHDD 1998-2003 4.67 0.03 0.006

175-300 MHDD 1998-2003 4.67 0.03 0.006

300-600 HHDD 1998-2003 4.70 0.05 0.011

600-750 HHDD 1998-2003 4.70 0.05 0.011

>750 HHDD 1998-2003 4.70 0.05 0.011

Tier 3

50-100 MHDD 1998-2003 4.67 0.03 0.006

100-175 MHDD 1998-2003 4.67 0.03 0.006

175-300 MHDD 1998-2003 4.67 0.03 0.006

300-600 HHDD 1998-2003 4.70 0.05 0.011

600-750 HHDD 1998-2003 4.70 0.05 0.011

1

 LHDD = “light heavy-duty diesel,” MHDD = “medium heavy-duty diesel,” and HHDD = “heavy heavy-duty diesel.”

2

 Zero-mile emission factor, Source: USEPA 1999, Table 10.

3

 Lifetime Deterioration (cumulative deterioration over vehicle useful life), Source USEPA 1999, Table 10.

4

 Relative Deterioration Factor, calculated as DT/EFzm. For discussion, see text.

Table G4. Deterioration Factors for Nonroad Diesel Engines

Pollutant Relative Deterioration Factor (DFrel) (% increase/%useful life)1

Base/Tier 0 Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3

HC 0.047 0.036 0.034 0.027

CO 0.185 0.101 0.101 0.151

NOx 0.024 0.024 0.009 0.008

PM 0.473 0.473 0.473 0.473

1

DFrel = A in the equation: DF =1+A*(fraction of useful life expended)B