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                        Research


            
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   Ana Maria Eigen
      Ana Maria Eigen
      
                    
            Research Highway Safety Specialist
      
                    
            Office of Safety and Operations Research and Development
      
                    
            Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center6300 Georgetown PikeMcLean, VA 22101United States
      
          
    **Email:**ana.eigen@dot.gov**Phone:** (202) 493-3168
    If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services.
                
                Research Reports
    

    
    
    
      Top HSIS Banner
A variety of research studies have been performed using data from HSIS. Many of the final reports prepared are now available electronically. A complete list of available publications is provided below.

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**Safety Effects of Horizontal Curve and Grade Combinations on Rural Two-Lane Highways**

The safety effects of horizontal curves and grades on rural two-lane highways have been quantified in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Highway Safety Manual (HSM), but it was not previously known whether and how the safety performance of horizontal curves and grades interact. Furthermore, there are no established safety effects for crest and sag vertical curves, and it is unknown whether and how the safety performance of crest or sag vertical curves is affected by the presence of horizontal curves.

The objective of this study was to quantify the combined safety effects of horizontal curves and grade combinations and express the results as crash modification factors (CMFs) that can be considered for use in the AASHTO HSM.

Download PDF versionView HTML version

Download the Excel calculator tool

HRTM2130_Calculator-tool.xlsm (2.04 MB)


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**Safety Evaluation of Converting Traffic Signals from Incandescent to Light-Emitting Diodes**

Across the Nation, many agencies have been replacing conventional incandescent light bulbs in traffic signals with light-emitting diodes (LED). LEDs are primarily installed to reduce energy consumption and decrease maintenance. In addition, LEDs are expected to last much longer compared with incandescent bulbs and tend to age gradually. However, a recent study revealed several potential problems with LEDs, including their inability to melt snow and issues related to visual discomfort caused by glare at night.

Download PDF versionView HTML version

**Safety Evaluation Of Discontinuing Late-Night Flash Operations at Signalized Intersections**

During late-night flash (LNF) mode (from late night to early morning hours), traffic signals flash yellow for one road (typically, the major road), requiring caution but no stopping, and flash red for the other road (typically, the minor road), requiring drivers to stop and then proceed through the intersection after yielding to the traffic on the major road. The intent of LNF is to reduce energy consumption and delay during periods of low traffic demand. However, in recent years, many agencies have begun replacing LNF with normal phasing operation because of safety concerns.

Download PDF versionView HTML version

            Expand All
      Collapse All
        **2021**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberRoadside Grading Guidance - Phase I
			December
			Kevin Schrum, Francisco D.B. Albuquerque, Dean Sicking, Ronald K Faller, and John. D Reid.NCHRP Web-Only Document 295: Improved Prediction Models for Crash Types and Crash Severities
			January
			John N. Ivan, Sha Al Mamun, Nalini Ravishanker, Bhagwant Persaud, Craig Lyon, Raghavan Srinivasan, Bo Lan, Sarah Smith, Taha Saleem, Mohamed Abdel-Aty, Jaeyoung Lee, Ahmed Farid, and Jung-Han WangNCHRP Web-Only Document 297: Intersection Crash Prediction Methods for the Highway Safety Manual
			January
			Darren J. Torbic, Daniel J. Cook, Karin M. Bauer, Joseph R. Grotheer, Douglas W. Harwood, Ingrid B. Potts, Richard J. Porter, Jeffrey P. Gooch, Kristin Kersavage, Juan Medina, and Jeffrey Taylor
  


      **2020**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberContributing Factors for Focus Crash and Facility Types
			November
			Taha Saleem, Richard Porter, Raghavan Srinivasan, Daniel Carter, Scott Himes, and Thanh Le
			FHWA-HRT-20-052Rural Speed Safety Project for USDOT Safety Data Initiative
			May
			Subasish Das, Srinivas Geedipally, Raul Avelar, Lingtao Wu, Kay Fitzpatrick, MohamadrezaBanihashemi, and Dominique Lord
			N/A
  


      **2019**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberDeveloping Vehicle Occupancy Factors and Percent of Non-Single Occupancy Vehicle Travel
			April
			Robert Krile, Andrew Landgraf, and Elizabeth Slone
			FHWA-PL-18-020
  


      **2018**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberSafety Evaluation of Horizontal Curve Realignment on Rural, Two-Lane Roads
			April
			Raghavan Srinivasan, Daniel Carter, Craig Lyon, and Matthew Albee
			FHWA-HRT-17-066Safety Evaluation of Turning Movement Restrictions at Stop-Controlled Intersections
			March
			Thanh Le, Frank Gross, Tim Harmon, and Kimberly Eccles
			FHWA-HRT-17-064Safety Evaluation of Corner Clearance at Signalized Intersections
			February
			Thanh Le, Frank Gross, Tim Harmon, and Kimberly Eccles
			FHWA-HRT-17-084NCHRP Research Report 888: Development of Roundabout Crash Prediction Models and Methods
			January
			Erin Ferguson, James Bonneson, Lee Rodegerdts, Nick Foster, Bhagwant Persaud, Craig Lyon, and Danica RhoadesNCHRP Research Report 875: Guidance for Evaluating the Safety Impacts of Intersection Sight Distance
			January
			Kimberly Eccles, Scott Himes, Kara Peach, Frank Gross, Richard J. Porter, Timothy J. Gates, and Christopher M. MonsereNCHRP Research Report 892: Guidelines for Shielding Bridge Piers
			January
			Malcolm H. Ray, Christine E. Carrigan, and Chuck A. PlaxicoNCHRP Research Report 881: Traffic Control Devices and Measures for Deterring Wrong-Way Movements
			January
			Melisa D. Finley, Raul E. Avelar, Steve P. Venglar, H. Gene Hawkins, Jr., and Haitham Al-Deek
  


      **2017**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberSafety Evaluation of Edge-Line Rumble Stripes on Rural Two-Lane Horizontal Curves
			December
			Scott Himes, Frank Gross, Bhagwant Persaud, and Kimberly Eccles
			FHWA-HRT-17-069Safety Evaluation of Cable Median Barriers in Combination with Rumble Strips on the Inside Shoulder of Divided Roads
			August
			Raghavan Srinivasan, Bo Lan, Daniel Carter, Bhagwant Persaud, and Kimberly Eccles
			FHWA-HRT-17-070NCHRP Web-Only Document 227: Design of Interchange Loop Ramps and Pavement/Shoulder Cross-Slope Breaks
			January
			Darren J. Torbic, Lindsay M. Lucas, Douglas W. Harwood, Marcus A. Brewer, Eun Sug Park, Raul Avelar, Michael P. Pratt, Akram Abu-Odeh, Elizabeth Depwe, and Kimberly RauNCHRP Research Report 841: Development of Crash Modification Factors for Uncontrolled Pedestrian Crossing Treatments
			January
			Charles Zegeer, Raghavan Srinivasan, Bo Lan, Daniel Carter, Sarah Smith, Carl Sundstrom, Nathan J. Thirsk, Craig Lyon, Bhagwant Persaud, John Zegeer, Erin Ferguson, and Ron Van Houten
  


      **2016**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberIntersection Conflict Warning System Human Factors: Final Report
			November
			Vaughan W Inman and Steven Jackson
			FHWA-HRT-16-061
  


      **2015**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberSafety Evaluation of Wet-Reflective Pavement Markings
			October
			Craig Lyon, Bhagwant Persaud, and Kimberly Eccles
			FHWA-HRT-15-065Crash Prediction Method for Freeway Facilities with High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) and High Occupancy Toll (HOT) Lanes
			July
			ivaramakrishnan Srinivasan, Philip Haas, Priyanka Alluri, Albert Gan, and James BonnesonNCHRP Project 03-106: Traffic Control Device Guidelines for Curves
			April
			Paul J. Carlson, Bradford K. Brimley, Gene Hawkins, Scott Himes, Hugh McGee, and Frank Gross
  


      **2014**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberSafety Effects of Horizontal Curve and Grade Combinations on Rural Two-Lane Highways
			JanuaryNCHRP Research Report 780: Design Guidance for Intersection Auxiliary Lanes
			JanuaryNCHRP Research Report 783: Evaluation of the 13 Controlling Criteria for Geometric Design
			JanuaryNCHRP Research Report 790: Factors Contributing to Median Encroachments and Cross-Median Crashes
			January
  


      **2013**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberSpeed and Safety in North Carolina
			August
			Libby Thomas, Raghavan Sirnivasan, Bo Lan, Wiliam Hunter, Carol Martell, and Eric Rodgman
  


      **2011**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberNCHRP Research Report 705: Evaluation of Safety Strategies at Signalized Intersections
			January
			Raghavan Srinivasan, Jongdae Baek, Sarah Smith, Carl Sundstrom, Daniel Carter, Craig Lyon, Bhagwant Persaud, Frank Gross, Kim Eccles, Ajmal Hamidi, and Nancy Lefler
  


      **2010**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberDevelopment of a Speeding-Related Crash Typology
			April
			Council, F.M., M. Reurings, R. Srinivasan, S. Masten, and D. Carter
			FHWA-HRT-10-024
  


      **2009**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberSafety Evaluation of Improved Curve Delineation
			September
			Raghavan Srinivasan, Jongdae Baek, Daniel Carter, Bhagwant Persaud, Craig Lyon, Kimberly Eccles, Frank Gross, and Nancy Lefler
			FHWA-HRT-09-045Safety Evaluation of Lane and Shoulder Width Combinations on Rural, Two-Lane, Undivided Roads
			June
			Gross, F., P.P. Jovanis, K.A. Eccles, and K. Chen
			FHWA-HRT-09-031NCHRP Project 5-19, "Analysis of Safety Effects for the Presence of Roadway Lighting"
			June
			Donnell, E.T., V. Shankar, and R.J. PorterNCHRP Report 5-19, "Analysis of Visual Performance Benefits from Roadway Lighting"
			June
			Bullough, J.D., M.S. Rea, and Y. ZhouNCHRP 5-19, "Review of the Safety Benefits and Other Effects of Roadway Lighting"
			June
			Rae, M.S., J.D. Bullough, C.R. Fay, J.A. Brons, J.V. Derlofske, and E.T. DonnellLow-Cost Safety Enhancements for Stop-Controlled and Signalized Intersections
			May
			FHWA
			FHWA-SA-09-020NCHRP Report 633: Impact of Shoulder Width and Median Width on Safety
			January
			Stamatiadis, N., J. Pigman, J. Sacksteder, W. Ruff, and D. LordNCHRP Report 641: Guidance for the Design and Application of Shoulder and Centerline Rumble Strips
			January
			Trobic, D.J., J.M. Hutton, C.D. Bokenkroger, K.M. Bauer, D.W. Harwood, D.K. Gilmore, J.M. Dunn, J.J. Ronchetto, E.T. Donnell, H.J. Sommer III, P. Garvey, B. Persaud, and C. LyonNCHRP Project 15-27, "Safety Impacts of Design Element Trade-Offs"
			January
			Stamatiadis, N.
  


      **2008**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberLong Term Pavement Performance Computed Parameter: Frost Penetration
			November
			Selezneva, O.I., Y.J. Jiang, G. Larson, and T. Puzin
			FHWA-HRT-08-057Wildlife-Vehicle Collision Reduction Study: Best Practices Manual
			October
			Huijser, M.P., P. McGowen, A.P. Clevenger, and R. AmentSafety Evaluation of Flashing Beacons at STOP-Controlled Intersections
			March
			Srinivasan, R., D.L. Carter, K.A. Eccles, B. Persaud, N.X. Lefler, C. Lyon, and R. Amjadi
			FHWA-HRT-08-044Safety Evaluation of STOP AHEAD Pavement Markings
			March
			Gross, F.B., R. Jagannathan, B.N. Persaud, C. Lyon, K. Eccles, N. Lefler, and R. Amjadi
			FHWA-HRT-08-043Cost Effective Safety Improvements for Two-Lane Rural Roads
			March
			Wang, Y., N.H. Nguyen, A.B.E. Levy, and Y. Wu
			TNW2008-04NCHRP Project 17-29, "Methodology to Predict the Safety Performance of Rural Multilane Highways"
			February
			Lord, D. (Principal Investigator, Texas A&M Reserach Foundation)NCHRP Report 615: Evaluation of the Use and Effectiveness of Wildlife Crossings
			January
			Bissonette, J.A. and P.C. CramerNCHRP Report 617: Accident Modification Factors for Traffic Engineering and ITS Improvements
			January
			Harkey, D.L., R. Srinivasan, J. Baek, F.M. Council, K. Eccles, N. Lefler, F. Gross, B. Persaud, C. Lyon, E. Hauer, and J.A. BonnesonNCHRP Report 627: Traffic Safety Evaluation of Nighttime and Daytime Work Zones
			January
			Ullman, G.L., M.D. Finley, J.E. Bryden, R. Srinivasan, and F.M. CouncilFramework for Selection and Evaluation of Bicycle and Pedestrian Safety Projects in Virginia
			January
			Natarajan, S., M.J. Demetsky, and K.E. Lantz Jr.
			VTRC 08-R8Economic Impact of Traffic Incidents on North Carolina's Interstate Facilities
			January
			Khattak, A.J., C. Teague, X. Pan, Y. Fan, and D.A. Rodriguez
			FHWA/NC/2006-53NCHRP Project 17-26, "Methodology to Predict the Safety Performance of Urban and Suburban Arterials
			January
			Harwood, D. (Principal Investigator, Midwest Research Institute)
  


      **2007**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberSafety Evaluation of Installing Center Two-Way Left-Turn Lanes on Two-Lane Roads
			December
			Persaud, B., C. Lyon, K.A. Eccles, N.X. Lefler, D.L. Carter, and R. Amjadi
			FHWA-HRT-08-042NCHRP Project 25-27, "Evaluation of the Use and Effectiveness of Wildlife Crossings"
			September
			Bissonette, J.A. (Principal Investigator, Utah State University)Interchange Safety Analysis Tool (ISAT): User Manual
			June
			Torbic, D.J., D.W. Harwood, D.K. Gilmore, and K.R. Richard
			FHWA-HRT-07-045FHWA Technical Report - Safety Analysis of Interchanges
			June
			Torbic, D.J., D.W. Harwood, D.K. Gilmore, and K.R. RichardSafety Effects of Left-Turn Phasing Schemes at High-Speed Intersections
			January
			Davis, G.A. and N. AulWildlife-Vehicle Collision Reduction Study: Report to Congress
			January
			Huijser, M.P., P.T. McGowen, J. Fuller, A. Hardy, and A. Kociolek
  


      **2006**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberNCHRP Project 3-67, "Expert System for Recommending Speed Limits in Speed Zones"
			November
			Srinivasan, R., M. Parker, D. Harkey, D. Tharpe, and R. SumnerSafety Impacts of Pavement Edge Drop-offs
			September
			Hallmark, S.L., D. Veneziano, T. McDonald, J. Graham, R. Patel, and F.M. CouncilPavement Marking Materials and Markers: Real-World Relationship Between Retroreflectivity and Safe
			April
			Bahar, G., M. Masliah, T. Erwin, E. Tan, and E. Hauer
			NCHRP Project 17-28Comparative Evaluation of Automated Wind Warning Systems - Showcase Evaluation #15
			February
			Kumar, M. and C. Strong
  


      **2005**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberSafety Evaluation of Red-Light Cameras
			April
			Council, F.M., B.N. Persaud, K.A. Eccles, C. Lyon, and M.S. Griffith
			FHWA-HRT-05-048
  


      **2004**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberGuidance for Future Design of Freeways with High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lanes Based on an Analysis
			May
			Cothron, A.S., S.E. Ranft, C.H. Walters, D.W. Fenno, and D. Lord
			FHWA/TX-05/0-4434-P1Crash Analysis of Selected High-Occupancy Vehicle Fatalities in Texas: Methodology, Findings, and Recommendations
			May
			Cothron, A.S., S.E. Ranft, C.H. Walters, D.W. Fenno, and D. Lord
			FHWA/TX-040-4434-1NCHRP Report 500: Guidance for Implementation of the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan, Volume 8
			January
			Lacy, K., R. Srinivasan, C.V. Zegeer, R. Pfefer, and T.R. NeumanNCHRP Report 518: Safety Evaluation of Permanent Raised Pavement Markers
			January
			Bahar, G., C. Mollett, B. Persaud, C. Lyon, A. Smiley, T. Smahel, and H. McGeeNCHRP Report 524: Safety of U-Turns at Unsignalized Median Openings
			January
			Potts, I.B., D.W. Harwood, D.J. Torbic, K.R. Richard, J.S. Gluck, H.S. Levinson, P.M. Garvey, and R.S. Ghebrial
  


      **2003**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberImpact Induced Fires & Fuel Leakage: Statistical Analysis of FARS and State Date Files (1978-2001)
			October
			Friedman, K., T. Kenney, and E. HollowaySpatially Disaggregate Panel Models of Crash and Injury Counts: The Effect of Speed Limits and Design
			January
			Kweon, Y.J. and K.M. Kockelman
  


      **2002**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberSafety Effectiveness of Intersection Left and Right Turn Lanes
			July
			D.W. Harwood, K. M. Bauer, I.B. Potts, D. .J. Torbic, K. R. Richard, E.R. Kohlman Rabbani, E. Hauer, and L. Elefteriadou
			FHWA-RD-02-089NCHRP Project 8-36, Task 26, "Surface Transportation Safety and Investment"
			July
			Neuman, T. (CH2M HILL)
  


      **2001**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberOverview of Current Intersection Safety Conditions: Phase I Result
			November
			D.W. Harwood, D.J. Torbic, K.R. Richard, and Y.R. MohamedshahImplementation of GIS-Based Highway Safety Analyses
			January
			Richard C. Smith, David L. Harkey, and Bobby Harris
			FHWA-RD-01-039
  


      **2000**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberPrediction of the Expected Safety Performance of Rural Two-Lane Highways
			December
			D. W. Harwood, F. M. Council, E. Hauer, W. E. Hughes, and A. Vogt
			FHWA-RD-99-207
  


      **1998**
        Type
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberAccident Models for Two-Lane Rural Segments and Intersections
			October
			Andrew Vogt and Joe Bared
			FHWA-RD-98-133Safety Effects of Cross-section Design on Rural Multi-lane Highway
			May
			Jun Wang, Warren E. Hughes, Richard Stewart
			FHWA-RD-98-071
  


      **1997**
        Type
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberAn Investigation of Older Driver Freeway Needs and Capabilities
			May
			R. Knoblauch, M. Nitzburg, and R. Seifert
			FHWA-RD-95-194Capacity and Operational Effects of Mid-Block left Turn Lanes
			January
			James A. Bonneson and Patrick T. McCoy
			NCHRP-295Small Target Visibility
			January
			Doug Mace
  


      **1995**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberDevelopment of Severity Indices for Roadside Objects: Resource Materials
			September
			Forrest M. Council and J. Richard Stewart
			FHWA-RD-95-165Traffic Operations Control for Older Drivers. Final Report
			March
			R. Knoblauch, M. Nitzburg, D. Reinfurt, F. Council, C. Zegeer, and C. Popkin
			FHWA-RD-94-119Median Intersection Design
			January
			Douglas W. Harwood
			NCHRP-375
  


      **1994**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberAccident Relationships of Roadway Widths on Low-Volume Roads
			January
			Charles V. Zegeer
			NCHRP-362
  


      **1993**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberDevelopment of Relationship Between Truck Accidents and Geometric Design: Phase 1. Final Report
			August
			S.-P. Miaou, P.S. Hu, T. Wright, S.C. Davis, and A.K. Rathi
  


      **1992**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberStudy Designs for Passing Sight Distance Requirements: Final Report
			April
			Warren Hughes, Sarath Joshua, and Hugh McGee
			FHWA-RD-91-078
  


      **Publication Date Unknown**
        Title
			Pub Date
			Author
			Report NumberZero Tolerance: Four States Experience
			Unknown
			John Lacey and Ralph Jones
			DOT-HS-809-053Study of Accidents at Signalized Intersections Phase I Final Report
			Unknown
			ereen J. Wolverton and John J. Monce
			N/ASafety Effectiveness of Intersection Left-and Right-Turn Lanes
			Unknown
			Douglas W. Harwood, Karin M. Bauer, Ingrid B. Potts, Darren J. Torbic, Karen R. Richard, Emilia R. Kohlman Rabbani, Ezra Hauer, Lily Elefteriadou, and Michael S. Griffith
			N/ANCHRP-420: Impacts of Access Management Techniques
			Unknown
			Jerome Gluck, Herbert S.Levinson, and Vergil Stover
			N/AStopping Sight Distance - II
			Unknown
			Kay Fitzpatrick
			N/AAn Attempt to Define  the Relationship between Forces to Crash Test Vehicles and Occupant Injury
			Unknown
			Forrest Council et al.
			FHWA-RD-95-165

    
          Last updated: Tuesday, July 18, 2023 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

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