# Patent

## Title
Securely terminating processes in a cloud computing environment

## Abstract

When terminating a process instantiated in a cloud, a cloud management system can provide and interact with an eraser agent on the computing systems supporting the process. The process can be any type of process that can exits in the cloud such a virtual machine, software appliance, or software instance. The eraser agent can execute on the computing systems to erase information stored on physical storage devices of the computing systems and associated with the process. In particular, the eraser agent can utilize secure algorithms to alter and obscure the information stored on the physical storage devices of the computing systems and associated with the process.

## Background
FIELD
This invention relates generally to network computing, more particularly, to systems and methods for cloud computing related networks, services and products.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
The advent of cloud-based computing architectures has opened new possibilities for the rapid and scalable deployment of virtual Web stores, media outlets, and other on-line sites or services. In general, a cloud-based architecture deploys a set of hosted resources such as processors, operating systems, software and other components that can be combined or strung together to form virtual machines. A user or customer can request the instantiation of a virtual machine or set of machines from those resources from a central server or management system to perform intended tasks or applications. For example, a user may wish to set up and instantiate a virtual server from the cloud to create a storefront to market products or services on a temporary basis, for instance, to sell tickets to an upcoming sports or musical performance. The user can lease or subscribe to the set of resources needed to build and run the set of instantiated virtual machines on a comparatively short-term basis, such as hours or days, for their intended application.
Currently, when virtual machines are terminated in the cloud, the virtual machines processes are stopped, but information generate by and utilized by the virtual machines may remain in the physical storage devices of the computing systems supporting the virtual machines. As such, the information that remains in the physical storage devices could be accessed by existing virtual machines which share the same physical storage devices of the computing systems or new virtual machines instantiated to utilize the same physical storage devices of the computing systems.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Various features of the embodiments can be more fully appreciated, as the same become better understood with reference to the following detailed description of the embodiments when considered in connection with the accompanying figures, in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary cloud computing architecture in which various embodiments of the present teachings can be practiced;
FIG. 2 illustrates the exemplary cloud computing architecture in which a cloud management system can securely terminate processes running in the cloud, according to various embodiments;
FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary hardware configuration for a cloud management system, according to various embodiments; and
FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart an exemplary process for securely terminating processes running in the cloud, according to various embodiments.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
For simplicity and illustrative purposes, the principles of the present teachings are described by referring mainly to exemplary embodiments thereof. However, one of ordinary skill in the art would readily recognize that the same principles are equally applicable to, and can be implemented in, all types of information and systems, and that any such variations do not depart from the true spirit and scope of the present teachings. Moreover, in the following detailed description, references are made to the accompanying figures, which illustrate specific embodiments. Electrical, mechanical, logical and structural changes may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present teachings. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense and the scope of the present teachings is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Embodiments of the present teachings relate to systems and methods for secure termination of processes in a cloud computing environment. More particularly, embodiments relate to platforms and techniques in which a cloud management system can utilize an eraser agent to securely and reliably remove all information from physical storage associated with terminated processes running in a cloud.
According to embodiments, when terminating a process instantiated in a cloud, a cloud management system can be configured to provide and to interact with an eraser agent on the computing systems supporting the process. The process can be any type of process that can exits in the cloud such a virtual machine, software appliance, or software instance. The eraser agent can be configured to execute on the computing systems to erase information stored on physical storage devices of the computing systems and associated with the process. In particular, the eraser agent can be configured to utilize secure algorithms to alter and obscure the information stored on the physical storage devices of the computing systems and associated with the process.
According to embodiments, to provide the eraser agent, the cloud management system can be configured to instruct a network management server to provide a command to the computing systems. The command can be configured to cause the computing systems to retrieve the eraser agent from the cloud management system. Additionally, the cloud management system can be configured to instruct computing systems, directly. Likewise, the cloud management system can be configured to transmit the eraser agent to the computing systems and to instruct the computing systems to alter their power state (e.g. power cycle), if necessary, to provide and to initiate the eraser agent.
According to embodiments, the eraser agent that is provided to the computing systems can be configured to erase the entire content of the physical storage of the computing systems supporting the process. Likewise, the eraser agent can be configured to target only the locations (e.g. directories, etc.) on the physical storage devices containing information for the process.
By utilizing the eraser agent, the cloud management system can automate the termination of processes instantiated in the cloud. Additionally, because the eraser agent securely erases all the information associated with a processes, the cloud management system can reliably prevent the unwanted access and loss of sensitive information.
FIG. 1 illustrates an overall cloud computing environment 100, in which systems and methods for secure termination of processes in the cloud computing environment 100, according to embodiments of the present teachings. According to embodiments, a cloud management system 102 can be configured to mange one or more clouds, such as a dedicated cloud 104 and an ad-hoc cloud 106. As used herein, a “cloud” can comprise a collection of computing resources that can be invoked to instantiate a virtual machine, process, or other resource for a limited or defined duration.
As shown for example in FIG. 1, the collection of computing resources supporting the dedicated cloud 104 can comprise a set of resource servers 108 configured to deliver computing resources and components needed to instantiate a virtual machine, process, or other resource. For example, one group of resource servers can host and serve an operating system or components thereof to deliver to and instantiate a virtual machine. Another group of resource servers can accept requests to host computing cycles or processor time, to supply a defined level of processing power for a virtual machine. A further group of resource servers can host and serve applications to load on an instantiation of a virtual machine, such as an email client, a browser application, a messaging application, or other applications or software. Other types of resource servers are possible.
In embodiments, in addition to supporting the dedicated cloud 104, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to support the ad-hoc cloud 106. The ad-hoc cloud 106 can be composed of a variety of computing resources that may not be dedicated to a cloud but can have available computing resources to contribute to the ad-hoc cloud 106. For example, a corporation or university can have a large number of computing resources that support a variety of process (email, websites, individual user computing, and the like). The corporation or university can utilize the available excess computing resources to support an ad-hoc cloud, such as ad-hoc cloud 106.
In embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, the ad-hoc cloud 106 can be supported by a number of computing systems 110. For example, the computing systems 110 can include a variety of systems such as a set of servers 112 and 114 and standalone user computing systems 116 and 118. The computing systems 110 can include hardware resources, such as processors, memory, network hardware, storage devices, and the like, and software resources, such as operating systems (OS), application programs, and the like.
In embodiments, the entire set of resource servers 108 or other hardware or software resources used to support the cloud 104 and the computing systems 110 used to support the ad-hoc cloud 106 can be managed by the cloud management system 102. The cloud management system 102 can comprise a dedicated or centralized server and/or other software, hardware, and network tools that communicate via one or more networks 120 and networks 122, such as the Internet or other public or private network, with all sets of resource servers 108 to manage the cloud 104 and with computing systems 110 to manage the ad-hoc cloud 106 and their operation.
In embodiments, to manage the clouds 104 and 106, the cloud management system 102 can be configured identify the computing resources of the set of resource servers 108 and computing systems 110. The cloud management system 102 can be configured to include a network management agent that is capable of querying the set of resource servers 108 and computing systems 110 to determine the hardware and software resources. Likewise, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to communicate with external network management systems and/or resources monitoring agents executing on the set of resource servers 108 and computing systems 110 in order to determine the hardware and software resources of the set of resource servers 108 and computing systems 110.
In embodiments, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to identify both the hardware and software resources of the set of resource servers 108 and computing systems 110 and which of those resources are available for use in the cloud. The cloud management system 102 can be configured to identify the hardware resources such as type and amount of processing power, type and amount of memory, type and amount of storage, type and amount of network bandwidth and the like, of the set of resource servers 108 and computing systems 110. Likewise, the cloud management system can be configured to identify the software resources, such as type of OS, application programs, and the like, of the set of resource servers 108 and computing systems 110.
In embodiments, once the computing resources have been identified, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to store an identification of the available resources in an inventory 124 in a repository 126. The repository 126 can be any type of structure configured to store information, such as a database. The repository 126 can be maintained in a computer readable storage device or medium (CD, DVD, hard drive, portable storage memory, etc.) whether local to or remote from the cloud management system 102.
In embodiments, the inventory 124 can be configured to include information that identifies the set of resource servers 108 and computing systems 110 and information identifying the computing resources available. The sets of resource servers 108 and each system in the computing systems 110 can be identified by unique identifiers such as, for instance, Internet Protocol (IP) addresses or other addresses. In the inventory 124, the cloud management system 102 can associate, with each unique identifier, the computing resources available on that computing system.
In embodiments, to instantiate a new set of virtual machines, a requester can transmit an instantiation request to the cloud management system 102. The instantiation request can include the specifications for the set of virtual machines. The specifications can include the particular type of virtual machine they wish to invoke for their intended application. A requester can, for instance, make a request to instantiate a set of virtual machines configured for email, messaging or other applications from the cloud 104 and/or 106. The specifications can also include the type and/or amount of computing resources required. For example, the instantiation request can specify an amount of processing power or input/output (I/O) throughput the user wishes to be available to each instance of the virtual machine or other resources.
In embodiments, the requester's instantiation request can specify a variety of other specifications defining the configuration and operation of the set of virtual machines to be invoked. The instantiation request, for example, can specify a defined period of time for which the instantiated machine or process is needed. The period of time can be, for example, an hour, a day, or other increment of time. In embodiments, the requester's instantiation request can specify the instantiation of a set of virtual machines or processes on a task basis, rather than for a predetermined amount of time. For instance, a requester could request resources until a software update is completed. The requester can also, for instance, specify a service level agreement (SLA) acceptable for their application. One skilled in the art will realize that the requester's request can likewise include combinations of the foregoing exemplary specifications, and others.
In embodiments, the instantiation request can be received and processed by the cloud management system 102, which identifies the type of virtual machine, process, or other resource being requested from the specifications. The cloud management system 102 can then identify the collection of computing resources necessary to instantiate that machine or resource. For example, the set of instantiated virtual machines or other resources can for example comprise virtual transaction servers used to support Web storefronts, or other transaction sites.
In embodiments, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to utilize the specifications from the instantiation request and the inventory 124 of available computing resources to determine which cloud resources to devote to the requester's virtual machines to maximize the computing resources of the clouds 104 and/or 106 and meet the requester's specifications. For example, the cloud management system 102 can select a group of servers in the set of resource servers 108 and/or computing system in the computing systems 110 that match or best match the instantiation request for each component needed to build the virtual machine or other resource.
In embodiments, the cloud management system 102 can maintain a set of “virtual groups,” and assign the set of resource servers 108 and computing systems 110 to different “virtual groups”. The “virtual groups” can be based on the particular usage (type of virtual machine, application of the virtual machine, function of the virtual machine, and the like) of the members in the groups. For example, the cloud management system 102 can set up a “virtual group” for web servers. The cloud management system 102 can classify the computing resources for the web server “virtual group” based on which computing resources are best suited for web servers. As members of the web server “virtual group” request use of the cloud, the cloud management system 102 can assign the available computing resources classified in the web server “virtual group” to the members. Likewise, the “virtual groups” can be based on the specifications of the computing resources (type and amount of computing resources). For example, the cloud management system 102 can create a “virtual group” for high power computing users. The cloud management system 102 can assign resources to this group that can adequately support computing intensive virtual machines. As members of the high power “virtual group” request use of the cloud, the cloud management system 102 can assign the available computing resources classified in the high power “virtual group” to the members. The cloud management system 102 can maintain the virtual groups in a group record 128 in repository 126.
When the request to instantiate a set of virtual machines or other resources has been received and the necessary resources to build that machine or resource have been identified, the cloud management system 102 can communicate with one or more set of resource servers 108 and/or computing systems 110 to locate resources to supply the required components. The cloud management system 102 can select providers from the diverse set of resource servers 108 and/or computing systems 110 to assemble the various components needed to build the requested set of virtual machines or other resources. It may be noted that in some embodiments, permanent storage such as hard disk arrays may not be included or located within the set of resource servers 108 and the computing resources 110 available to the cloud management system 102, because the set of instantiated virtual machines or other resources may be intended to operate on a purely transient or temporary basis. In embodiments, other hardware, software or other resources not strictly located or hosted in the cloud can be leveraged as needed. For example, other software services that are provided outside of the clouds 104 and 106 and hosted by third parties can be invoked by in-cloud virtual machines. For further example, other non-cloud hardware and/or storage services can be utilized as an extension to the clouds 104 and 106, either on an on-demand or subscribed or decided basis.
With the specification and resources identified, the cloud management system 102 can extract and build the set of virtual machines or other resources on a dynamic or on-demand basis. For example, one set of resource servers 108 or computing systems 110 can respond to an instantiation request for a given quantity of processor cycles with an offer to deliver that computational power immediately and guaranteed for the next hour. A further set of resource servers 108 or computing systems 110 can offer to immediately supply communication bandwidth, for example on a guaranteed minimum or best-efforts basis. In other embodiments, the set of virtual machines or other resources can be built on a batch basis or at a particular future time. For example, a set of resource servers 108 and/or computing systems 110 can respond to a request for instantiation at a programmed time with an offer to deliver the specified quantity of processor cycles within a specific amount of time, such as the next 12 hours.
In embodiments, the cloud management system 102 can then coordinate the integration of the completed group of servers from the set of resource servers 108 and/or computing systems from the computing systems 110, to build and launch the requested set of virtual machines or other resources. The cloud management system 102 can track the combined group of servers selected from the set of resource servers 108, computing systems from the computing systems 110, or other distributed resources that are dynamically or temporarily combined, to produce and manage the requested virtual machine population or other resources.
In embodiments, the cloud management system 102 can then set up and launch the initiation process for the virtual machines, processes, or other resources to be delivered from the cloud. The cloud management system 102 can for instance transmit an instantiation command or instruction to the group of servers in set of resource servers 108 and/or computing system in the computing systems 110. The cloud management system 102 can receive a confirmation message back from each participating server in a set of resource servers 108 and/or computing system in the computing systems 110 indicating a status regarding the provisioning of their respective resources. Various sets of resource servers can confirm, for example, the availability of a dedicated amount of processor cycles, amounts of electronic memory, communications bandwidth, or applications or other software prepared to be served.
In embodiments, the cloud management system 102 can maintain a VM record 130 of each virtual machine instantiated in the clouds 104 and 106. Each virtual machine can be assigned an instantiated machine ID that can be stored in the VM record 130, or other record or image of the instantiated population. Additionally, the cloud management system 102 can store the duration of each virtual machine and the collection of resources utilized by each virtual machine in the VM record 130 and/or inventory 124. The cloud management system 102 can maintain the VM record 130 in the repository 126.
In embodiments, the cloud management system 102 can further store, track and manage a requester's identity and associated set of rights or entitlements to software, hardware, and other resources. Each requester that populates a set of virtual machines in the cloud can have specific rights and resources assigned and made available to them. The cloud management system 102 can track and configure specific actions that a requester can perform, such as provision a set of virtual machines with software applications or other resources, configure a set of virtual machines to desired specifications, submit jobs to the set of virtual machines or other host, manage other requesters of the virtual machines or other resources, and other privileges or actions. The cloud management system 102 can further generate records of the usage of instantiated virtual machines to permit tracking, billing, and auditing of the services consumed by the requester. In embodiments, the cloud management system 102 can for example meter the usage and/or duration of the virtual machines, to generate subscription billing records for a requester that has launched those machines. Other billing or value arrangements are possible.
The cloud management system 102 can configure each virtual machine to be made available to requester and/or users of the one or more networks 120 and/or 122 via a browser interface, or other interface or mechanism. Each instantiated virtual machine can communicate with the cloud management system 102 and the underlying registered set of resource servers 108 and/or computing systems 110 via a standard Web application programming interface (API), or via other calls or interfaces. The instantiated virtual machines can likewise communicate with each other, as well as other sites, servers, locations, and resources available via the Internet or other public or private networks, whether within a given cloud 104 or 106 or between clouds.
It may be noted that while a browser interface or other front-end can be used to view and operate the instantiated virtual machines from a client or terminal, the processing, memory, communications, storage, and other hardware as well as software resources required to be combined to build the virtual machines or other resources are all hosted remotely in the clouds 104 and 106. In embodiments, the virtual machines or other resources may not depend on or require the requester's own on-premise hardware or other resources. In embodiments, a requester can therefore request and instantiate a set of virtual machines or other resources on a purely off-premise basis, for instance to build and launch a virtual storefront or other application.
Because the cloud management system 102 in one regard specifies, builds, operates and manages the virtual machines on a logical level, the requester can request and receive different sets of virtual machines and other resources on a real-time or near real-time basis, without a need to specify or install any particular hardware. The requesters virtual machines, processes, or other resources can be scaled up or down immediately or virtually immediately on an on-demand basis, if desired. In embodiments, the various sets of computing resources that are accessed by the cloud management system 102 to support the virtual machines or processes can change or be substituted, over time. The type and operating characteristics of the virtual machines can nevertheless remain constant or virtually constant, since instances are assembled from abstracted resources that can be selected and maintained from diverse sources based on uniform specifications.
In terms of network management of the virtual machines that have been successfully configured and instantiated, the cloud management system 102 can perform various network management tasks including security, maintenance, and metering for billing or subscription purposes. The cloud management system 102 of a given cloud 104 or 106 can, for example, install or terminate applications or appliances on individual machines. The cloud management system 102 can monitor operating virtual machines to detect any virus or other rogue process on individual machines, and for instance terminate the infected application or virtual machine. The cloud management system 102 can likewise manage the virtual machines or other resources on a collective basis, for instance, to push or deliver a software upgrade to all active virtual machines. Other management processes are possible. Likewise, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to communicate with external network management systems to coordinate the network management functions and processes.
In embodiments, more than one set of virtual machines can be instantiated in a given cloud at the same, overlapping or successive times. The cloud management system 102 can, in such implementations, build, launch and manage multiple sets of virtual machines based on the same or different underlying set of resource servers 108 or computing systems 110, with populations of different sets of virtual machines such as may be requested by different requesters. The cloud management system 102 can institute and enforce security protocols in the clouds 104 and 106 hosting multiple sets of virtual machines. Each of the individual sets of virtual machines can be hosted in a respective partition or sub-cloud of the resources of the clouds 104 and/or 106. The cloud management system 102 of a cloud can for example deploy services specific to isolated or defined sub-clouds, or isolate individual workloads/processes within the cloud to a specific sub-cloud. The subdivision of the clouds 104 and/or 106 into distinct transient sub-clouds or other sub-components which have assured security and isolation features can assist in establishing multiple requesters or a multi-tenant cloud arrangement. In a multiple requesters scenario, each of the multiple requesters can use the cloud platform as a common utility while retaining the assurance that their information is secure from other requesters of the overall cloud system. In further embodiments, sub-clouds can nevertheless be configured to share resources, if desired.
In embodiments, the instantiated virtual machines supported by the cloud 104 can also interact with instantiated virtual machines or processes generated in the ad-hoc cloud 106 or other clouds and vice versa. The cloud management system 102 of clouds 104 and 106 can interface with the cloud management system of other clouds, to coordinate those domains and operate the clouds and/or virtual machines or processes on a combined basis.
As described above, the cloud management system 102 can instantiate and manage the virtual machines instantiated in the clouds 104 and 106. In embodiments, the instantiation and management of virtual machines can be performed by virtual machine (VM) managers separate from the cloud management system 102. The cloud management system 102 can be configured to communicate with the separate VM managers in order to provide the VM managers with the computing resources available in the clouds 104 and 106. The cloud management system 102 can be configured to communicate and cooperate with the VM managers regardless of the virtualization scheme used by the VM managers.
In the foregoing and other embodiments, the requester making an instantiation request or otherwise accessing or utilizing the cloud network can be a person, customer, subscriber, administrator, corporation, organization, or other entity. In embodiments, the requester can be or include another virtual machine, application or process. In further embodiments, multiple requesters and/or entities can share the use of a set of virtual machines or other resources.
FIG. 2 further illustrates aspects of the cloud computing environment 100 in which the cloud management system 102 can manage the dedicated cloud 104 including securely terminating processes that are instantiated in the dedicated cloud 104, according to various embodiments. While FIG. 2 only illustrates the interaction of cloud management system 102 with the dedicated cloud 104, one skilled in the art will realize that the cloud management system 102 can manage any number of clouds and perform the secure termination of processes in any other clouds, for instance, the ad-hoc cloud 106 or other clouds in addition to the dedicated cloud 104.
As shown in FIG. 2, the cloud management system 102 can be coupled to a network 120 to communicate with the set of resource servers 108 to provide management services for the dedicated cloud 104. As mentioned above, the dedicated cloud 104 can comprise a set of resource servers 108 configured to deliver computing resources and components needed to instantiate a virtual machine, process, or other resource. As mentioned above, the set of resource servers 108 can include hardware resources, such as processors, memory, network hardware, storage devices, and the like, and software resources, such as operating systems (OS), application programs, and the like.
In embodiments, to manage and support the dedicated cloud 104, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to identify the computing resources of the set of resources servers 108. The cloud management system 102 can be configured to include a network management agent 202 that is capable of querying the set of resource servers 108 to determine the hardware and software resources. For example, the network management agent 202 can be configured to transmit an identification query to the set of resource servers 108 via the network 120 and receive a response identifying the computing resources of the set of resource servers 108. Likewise, the network management agent 202 can be configured to directly examine the set of resource servers 108 to determine the computing resources. The network management agent 202 can be configured to include the necessary logic, routines, instruction, and commands to communicate with the set of resource servers 108 in order to identify the computing resources of the set of resource servers 108.
In embodiments, the network management agent 202 can be implemented as a portion of the code for the cloud management system 102. Likewise, the network management agent 202 can be implemented as a separate software tool accessible by the cloud management system 102. The network management agent 202 can be written in a variety of programming languages, such as JAVA, C++, Python code, and the like to accommodate a variety of operating systems, machine architectures, etc. Additionally, the network management agent 202 can be configured to include the appropriate application programming interfaces (APIs) to communicate with and cooperate with other components of the cloud management system 102.
In embodiments, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to communicate with an external network management system 204 in order to determine the computing resources of the set of resource servers 108. The cloud management system 102 can be configured to send a request to the network management system 204 to identify the computing resources. The network management system 204 can be configured to transmit the identification query to the set of resource servers 108 via network 120, to receive a response identifying the computing resources of the set of resource servers 108, and to provide the identified computing resources to the cloud management system 102.
In embodiments, the network management system 204 can be any type of network management application or tool to securely communicate with the set of resource servers 108, to monitor the state of the set of resource servers 108, to retrieve and request data from the set of resource servers 108, and to manage and direct the set of resource servers 108. For example, the network management system 204 can be a “FUNC” server as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/130,424, filed May 30, 2008, entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR REMOTE MANAGEMENT OF NETWORKED SYSTEMS USING SECURE MODULAR PLATFORM” (U.S. patent application Publication No. 20090300180) assigned to Red Hat Corporation, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein, in its entirety, by reference.
In embodiments, the cloud management system 102 and/or network management system 204 can be configured to identify both the hardware and software resources of the set of resource servers 108 and which of those resources are available for use in the cloud. The cloud management system 102 can be configured to identify the hardware resources such as type and amount of processing power, type and amount of memory, type and amount of storage, type and amount of network bandwidth and the like, of the set of resource servers 108. Likewise, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to identify the software resources, such as type of OS, application programs, and the like, of the set of resource servers 108 and the computing systems 110.
In embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 2, one or more of the set of resource servers 108 can be connected to power management systems 206 to control the power supplied to the set of resource servers 108 and to alter the power state of one or more of the set of resource servers 108 (e.g. power cycle). The power management systems 206 can be any type of system to manage the power of the target machines, for example, Integrated Lights Out (ILO) by Hewlett PackardTM Corporation, DellTM Remote Access Control (DRAC) by Dell Corporation, WTI powerbar by Western Telematics, Inc, and other power system supporting network communications.
In embodiments, when identifying the computing resources of the set of resource servers 108, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to identify the power management systems 206. For example, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to include a request to identify the power management systems 206 in the query. The cloud management system 102 can receive the identification of the power management systems 206 in the response. The identification of the power management system can include a unique identifier of the power management systems 206, the type of the power management systems 206, and any information necessary to communicate with the power management systems 206 (access information, commands, protocols, instructions, and the like).
In embodiments, the network management system 204 can be configured to identify the power management systems 206 and provide the identification of the power management systems 206 to the cloud management systems 102. Additionally, the identification of the power management systems 206 can be provided to the cloud management system 102 by a third party, such as an administrator of the cloud management system 102. Once identified, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to store the identification of the power management systems 206 in the inventory 124. In the inventory 124, the cloud management system 102 can associate, with each unique identifier of the set of resource servers 108, the identification of the power management systems 210 with which it is associated.
In embodiments, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to instantiate the virtual machines, as described above in FIG. 1. The cloud management system 102 can be configured to utilize any type of virtualization scheme to instantiate the virtual machines on the set of resource servers 108. Likewise, the cloud management system 102 can utilize different type of virtualization schemes on different ones of the set of resource servers 108, for instance, depending on which scheme can be supported by a particular one of the set of resource servers 108. The cloud management system 102 can maintain the VM record 130 of each virtual machine instantiated in the dedicated cloud 104. Each virtual machine can be assigned an instantiated machine ID that can be stored in the VM record 130. Additionally, the cloud management system 102 can store the duration of each virtual machine and the collection of resources (processors, storage, memory, and the like) utilized by each virtual machine in the VM record 130 and/or inventory 124. The cloud management system 102 can maintain the VM record 130 in the repository 126.
In embodiments, the instantiation and management of virtual machines and the power management described above can be performed by the cloud management system 102. Likewise, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to communicate with one or more VM managers 208 separate from the cloud management system 102. The cloud management system 102 can be configured to communicate with the separate VM managers 208 in order to provide the VM managers 208 with the computing resources allocated to a particular virtual machines and the identification of the power management system 206, if necessary, and the VM managers 208 can be configured to instantiate the virtual machines on the allocated computing resources. The cloud management system 102 can be configured to communicate and cooperate with the VM managers 208 regardless of the virtualization scheme used by the VM managers 208. For example, the VM managers 208 can be a variety of different VM managers supporting virtualization schemes such as Xen, Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM), VMware, mainframe ZVM, and the like.
In embodiments, for example, the cloud management system 102 or the VM managers 208 can instantiate a virtual machine 210 in the dedicated cloud 104. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the virtual machine 210 can utilize the computing resources from multiple servers in the set of resource servers 108. For instance, the virtual machine 210 can be instantiated utilizing the Xen virtualization scheme. The Xen virtualization scheme creates a guest operating system for the virtual machine 210 which runs on the hardware resources (processors, memory, storage) of the set of resource servers 108. The guest operating system of the virtual machine 210 can share the hardware resources with other virtual machines instantiated in the dedicated cloud 104. The cloud management system 102 can store an identification of the virtual machine 210 associated with the duration of each virtual machine and the collection of resources (processors, storage, memory, and the like) utilized by each virtual machine in the VM record 130 and/or inventory 124.
In embodiments, the cloud management system 102 (or the VM managers 208) can terminate the virtual machine 210. The cloud management system 102 (or the VM managers 208) can terminate the virtual machine 210 by stopping the guest operating system of the virtual machine 210. When the guest operating system is stopped, the information utilized by and generated by the virtual machine 210 can still exist in the hardware resources of the set of resource servers 108, for example, stored in the physical storage devices of the set of resource servers 108.
In embodiments, the termination of the virtual machine 210 can require securely erasure of all the information stored on the physical storage devices of the set of resource servers 108. This can be required to prevent the loss of sensitive or private information. For example, once the virtual machine 210 is terminated, other virtual machines or processes can gain access to the physical storage devices that supported the virtual machine 210. As such, the virtual machines can gain access to any sensitive or private information utilized by or generated by the virtual machine 210.
In embodiments, when terminating the virtual machine 210, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to securely erase all the information contained on the physical storage of the set of resources servers 108 and associated with the virtual machine 210. To achieve this, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to provide an eraser agent 212 to the set of resource servers 108 supporting the virtual machine 210. In particular, the eraser agent 212 can be configured to securely erase all the information stored on the computer readable storage media and devices of the set of resource servers 108 and associated with the virtual machine 210. To securely erase all the information, the eraser agent 212 can utilize secure algorithms, methods, and processes to alter and obscure the information stored on the computer readable storage media and devices of the set of resource servers 108 or the information stored on the portions of the computer readable storage media and devices associated with the virtual machine 210. For example, the eraser agent 212 can utilize algorithms such as the Gutmann method and the like.
In embodiments, the eraser agent 212 can be configured to include the necessary logic, routines, instruction, and commands to boot the set of resource servers 108 and to erase all the information on the storage associated with the virtual machine 210. The eraser agent 212 can be, for example, a disk image, an ISO image, a software appliance (e.g. portions of an OS and applications), operating system image (OS kernal and/or initrd), or any other type of tailored software application capable of executing on the set of resource servers 108. Likewise, the eraser agent 212 can be a conventional secure data erasing program or application such as Darik's Boot and Nuke (DBAN) and the like.
In embodiments, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to maintain the eraser agent 230 for access and utilization in terminating virtual machines. For example, the cloud management system 102 can be configured maintain the eraser agent 212 in a computer readable storage medium whether local to the cloud management system or remotely located.
In embodiments, to provide the eraser agent 212, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to utilize a variety of methods to provide the eraser agent 212 to the set of resource servers 108 supporting the virtual machine 210. For example, to provide the eraser agent 212, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to provide the eraser agent 212 utilizing the network management system 204. For example, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to instruct the network management system 204 to provide a command to the set of resource servers 108 supporting the virtual machine 210. The command can be configured to cause the set of resource servers 108 to retrieve the eraser agent 212 from the cloud management system 102 and initiate the eraser agent 212 on the set of resource servers 108. Likewise, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to directly instruct the set of resource servers 108 to retrieve the eraser agent 212 and to initiate the eraser agent 212.
In embodiments, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to provide the eraser agent 212 to the set of resource servers 108 supporting the virtual machines, directly. For example, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to transmit the eraser agent 212 to the set of resource servers 108 utilizing any type of network processes, for example, PXE.
In embodiments, in order to provide and/or to execute the eraser agent 212, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to instruct the set of resource servers 108 associated with the virtual machine 210 to alter their power state (e.g. power cycle), if necessary. For example, in order to provide the eraser agent 212, the set of resource servers 108 may need to be power cycled in order to initiate the network transfer of the eraser agent 212. Likewise, the cloud management system 102 can power cycle (power down/power up) the set of resource servers 108 supporting the virtual machine 210 in order to initiate the eraser agent 212 or restart the set of resource servers 108 after the eraser agent 212 has completed erasing the information associated with the virtual machine 210. The cloud management system 102 can be configured to communicate with the power management system 206 of the set of resource servers supporting the virtual machine 210, to alter the power state of the set of resource servers 108. To achieve this, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to include a power management module 214.
In embodiments, the power management module 214 can be configured to communicate with the power management systems 206 of the set of resource servers 108. The power management module 214 can be configured to instruct the power management systems 206 to alter the power state of the set of resource servers 108. The power management module 214 can be configured to generate a command or instruction. The instruction can include access information for the power management systems 206 and the power state alteration to be performed.
In embodiments, the power management module 214 can be configured to form the instruction in a protocol utilized by the particular power management systems 206. For example, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to utilize conventional or proprietary protocols or tools such as IPMI, DRAC, ILO, fence agents and the like. The power management module 214 can be configured to utilize a predetermined protocol or utilize several protocols in order to determine the appropriate protocol. Once generated, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to transmit the instruction to the determined power management systems 206.
In embodiments, the power management module 214 can be implemented as a portion of the code for the cloud management system 102. Likewise, the power management module 214 can be implemented as a separate software tool accessible by the cloud management system 102. Additionally, the power management module 214 can be implemented as a portion of the code for the network management system 204. The power management module 214 can be written in a variety of programming languages, such as JAVA, C++, Python code, and the like to accommodate a variety of operating systems, machine architectures, etc. Additionally, the power management module 214 can be configured to include the appropriate application programming interfaces (APIs) to communicate with and cooperate with other components of the cloud management system 102.
In embodiments, to provide the eraser agent 212, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to determine which servers in the set of resource servers 108 support the virtual machine 210. The cloud management system 102 can be configured to search the VM record 130 and/or the inventory 124 to identify the set of resource servers 108 supporting the virtual machine 210. Additionally, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to search the VM records 130 and/or the inventory 124 to identify the specific physical storage devices supporting the virtual machine 210 and the specific location (e.g. directories, etc.) on the specific physical storage devices that contains information for the virtual machine 210.
In embodiments, the eraser agent 212 that is provided to the set of resource servers 108 can be configured to erase the entire content of the physical storage devices of the set of resource servers 108 supporting the virtual machine 210. Likewise, the eraser agent 212 can be configured to target only the locations (e.g. directories, etc.) on the physical storage devices containing information for the virtual machine 210. The cloud management system 102 can configure the eraser agent 212 to erase the entire content or only target the locations containing information for the virtual machine 210.
In embodiments, as described above, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to securely erase information associated with a virtual machine, such as virtual machine 210. Likewise, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to securely erase information associated with other processes being terminated in the cloud, such as software appliances and specific instances of software. To achieve this, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to search the inventory 124 to identify the set of resource servers 108 supporting the processes and/or the specific location (e.g. directories, etc.) on the specific physical storage devices that contains information for the processes. As such, the cloud management system 102 can configure and provide the eraser agent 212 to the identified set of resource servers 108, as described above.
In embodiments, in addition to securely erasing the information associated with the virtual machine 210, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to identify other processes that are supported by the set of resource servers 108, which also support the virtual machine 210. For example, if the set of resource servers 108 supporting the virtual machine 210 need to be power cycled, the other processes supported by the set of resource servers 108 still need to be supported by the dedicated cloud 104. As such, the cloud management system 102 can be configured to migrate the processes to other servers in the set of resource servers 108, prior to providing the eraser agent 212. For example, the cloud management system 102 can search the inventory 124 to identify other servers of the set of resource servers 108 capable of supporting the processes and can migrate the processes to the other servers in the set of resource servers 108.
FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary diagram of hardware and other resources that can be incorporated in a computing system 300 and configured to communicate with the dedicated cloud 104 via one or more networks 120, according to embodiments. In embodiments as shown, the computing system 300 can comprise a processor 302 communicating with memory 304, such as electronic random access memory, operating under control of or in conjunction with operating system 308. Operating system 308 can be, for example, a distribution of the LinuxTM operating system, such as SELinux, the UnixTM operating system, or other open-source or proprietary operating system or platform. Processor 302 also communicates with one or more computer readable storage devices or media 310, such as hard drives, optical storage, and the like, for maintaining the repository 126 and the eraser agent 212. Processor 302 further communicates with network interface 306, such as an Ethernet or wireless data connection, which in turn communicates with one or more networks 120, such as the Internet or other public or private networks.
Processor 302 also communicates with the cloud management system 102, to execute control logic and allow perform the management processes and secure erasure as described above and below. Other configurations of the computing system 300, associated network connections, and other hardware and software resources are possible.
While FIG. 3 illustrates the computing system 300 as a standalone system including a combination of hardware and software, the computing system 300 can include multiple systems operating in cooperation. The cloud management system 102 can be implemented as a software application or program capable of being executed by the computing system 300, as illustrated, or other conventional computer platforms. Likewise, the cloud management system 102 can also be implemented as a software module or program module capable of being incorporated in other software applications and programs. Further, the cloud management system 102 can also be implemented as a software module or program module capable of being incorporated in other management software applications and programs. In any example, the cloud management system 102 can be implemented in any type of conventional proprietary or open-source computer language. When implemented as a software application or program code, the cloud management system 102 can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as storage 310, accessible by the computing system 300. Likewise, during execution, a copy of cloud management system 102 can be stored in the memory 304.
FIG. 4 illustrates a flow diagram for securely terminating processes that are instantiated in a cloud, according to embodiments. In 402, processing can begin. In 404, the cloud management system 102 can identify computing resources supporting a process, instantiated in a cloud, that is being terminated. The process can be any type of processes that can exist in the cloud, such as a virtual machine, for example the virtual machine 210 instantiated in the dedicated cloud 104, software appliance, or software instance. To identify the process, for example, the cloud management system 102 can search the inventory 124 and/or the VM record 130 for the computing systems, such as the set of resource servers 108, supporting the process. Additionally, when searching the inventory 124 and/or the VM record 130, the cloud management system can identify the specific physical storage devices supporting the process and the specific location (e.g. directories, etc.) on the specific physical storage devices that contains information for the process.
In 406, the cloud management system 102 can configure an eraser agent 212 for securely erasing the information associated with process being terminated. The eraser agent 212 can be configured to execute on the computing systems to erase information stored on physical storage devices of the computing systems and associated with the process. In particular, the eraser agent 212 can be configured to utilize secure algorithms to alter and obscure the information stored on the physical storage devices of the computing systems and associated with the process.
In configuring the eraser agent 212, the cloud management system 102 can configure the eraser agent 212 to erase the entire content of the physical storage devices of the computing systems supporting the process. Likewise, the cloud management system 102 can configure the eraser agent 212 to target only the locations (e.g. directories, etc.) on the physical storage devices containing information for the process.
In 408, the cloud management system 102 can migrate any other processes supported by the computing systems that may be affected by the eraser agent 212, if necessary. For example, if the computing systems supporting the process need to be power cycled, other processes supported by the computing systems still need to be supported by the dedicated cloud 104 and can be migrated to other computing systems capable of supporting the other processes.
In 410, the cloud management system 102 can provide the eraser agent 212 to the computing systems. For example, the cloud management system 102 can transfer the eraser agent 212 by a network protocol, such as PXE. Likewise, the cloud management system 102 can utilize the network management system 204 to provide the eraser agent 212 and/or instruct the computing systems to retrieve the eraser agent 212.
In 412, the cloud management system 102 can initiate the eraser agent 212 on the computing systems, if necessary. For example, the cloud management system 102 can instruct the power management system 206 to power cycle the computing systems to initiate the eraser agent 212, if necessary. Alternatively, the eraser agent 212 can begin execution upon arriving at the computing systems. After initiation, the eraser agent 212 can erase all the information stored on the computing systems and associated with the process being terminated.
Then, in 414, the process can end, but the process can return to any point and repeat.
Certain embodiments may be performed as a computer application or program. The computer program may exist in a variety of forms both active and inactive. For example, the computer program can exist as software program(s) comprised of program instructions in source code, object code, executable code or other formats; firmware program(s); or hardware description language (HDL) files. Any of the above can be embodied on a computer readable medium, which include computer readable storage devices and media, and signals, in compressed or uncompressed form. Exemplary computer readable storage devices and media include conventional computer system RAM (random access memory), ROM (read-only memory), EPROM (erasable, programmable ROM), EEPROM (electrically erasable, programmable ROM), and magnetic or optical disks or tapes. Exemplary computer readable signals, whether modulated using a carrier or not, are signals that a computer system hosting or running the present teachings can be configured to access, including signals downloaded through the Internet or other networks. Concrete examples of the foregoing include distribution of executable software program(s) of the computer program on a CD-ROM or via Internet download. In a sense, the Internet itself as an abstract entity, is a computer readable medium. The same is true of computer networks in general.
While the teachings has been described with reference to the exemplary embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will be able to make various modifications to the described embodiments without departing from the true spirit and scope. The terms and descriptions used herein are set forth by way of illustration only and are not meant as limitations. In particular, although the method has been described by examples, the steps of the method may be performed in a different order than illustrated or simultaneously. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “including”, “includes”, “having”, “has”, “with”, or variants thereof are used in either the detailed description and the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising.” As used herein, the term “one or more of” with respect to a listing of items such as, for example, A and B, means A alone, B alone, or A and B. Those skilled in the art will recognize that these and other variations are possible within the spirit and scope as defined in the following claims and their equivalents.

## Claims

1. A method comprising:
identifying, by a processor, a first process to be terminated from a plurality of computing systems;
identifying a first computing system in the plurality of computing systems, the first computing system supporting the first process;
identifying other processes supported by the first computing system sharing information associated with and supporting the first process, wherein the other processes are not to be terminated;
identifying specific locations in a computer readable storage device storing the shared information on the first computing system;
migrating the other process to a second computing system of the plurality of computing systems;
instructing, by the processor, a network management system to provide a command to retrieve an eraser agent to the first computing system;
receiving, by the processor, the command from the first computing system to provide the first computing system with the eraser agent; and
transmitting after migrating, by the processor, the eraser agent to the first computing system to securely terminate the first process and erase the shared information associated with the first process and stored in the specific locations on the first computing system.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising instructing the first computing system to power down and restart to cause the eraser agent to terminate the first process and erase the shared information stored on the first computing system.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein instructing the first computing system to power down and restart further comprises instructing a power management system to power down the first computing system.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first process comprises a virtual machine, a software appliance, or a software instance.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the eraser agent utilizes a secure algorithm to terminate the first process and erase the shared information.

6. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instruction to cause a processor to perform operations comprising:
identifying, by the processor, a first process to be terminated from a plurality of computing systems;
identifying a first computing system in the plurality of computing systems, the first computing system supporting the first process;
identifying other processes supported by the first computing system sharing information associated with and supporting the first process, wherein the other processes are not to be terminated;
identifying specific locations in a computer readable storage device storing the shared information on the first computing system;
migrating the other process to a second computing system of the plurality of computing systems; and
instructing, by the processor, a network management system to provide a command to retrieve an eraser agent to the first computing system;
receiving, by the processor, the command from the first computing system to provide the first computing system with the eraser agent; and
transmitting after migrating, by the processor, the eraser agent to the first computing system to securely terminate the first process and erase the shared information associated with the first process and stored in the specific locations on the first computing system.

7. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 6, further comprising instructing the first computing system to power down and restart to cause the eraser agent to terminate the first process and erase the shared information stored on the first computing system.

8. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein instructing the one computing system to power down and restart comprises instructing a power management system to power down the first computing system.

9. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 6, wherein the first process comprises a virtual machine, a software appliance, or a software instance.

10. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 6, wherein the eraser agent utilize a secure algorithm to terminate the first process and erase the shared information.

11. A system comprising:
a computing system comprising memory and a processor coupled to the memory to:
identify a first process to be terminated from a plurality of computing systems;
identify a first computing system of the plurality of computing systems, the first computing system supporting the first process;
identify other processes supported by the first computing system sharing information associated with and supporting the first process, wherein the other processes are not to be terminated;
identify specific locations in a computer readable storage device storing the shared information on the first computing system;
migrate the other processes to a second computing system of the plurality of computing systems;
instruct a network management system to provide a command to retrieve an eraser agent to the first computing system;
receive the command from the first computing system to provide the first computing system with the eraser agent; and
transmit after migrating the eraser agent to the first computing system to securely terminate the first process and erase the shared information associated with the first process and stored in the specific locations on the first computing system.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor instructs the first computing system to power down and restart to cause the eraser agent to terminate the first process and erase the shared information stored on the first computing system.

13. The system of claim 11, wherein processor identifies specific locations in computer readable storage devices storing the information on the first computing system, and configures the eraser agent with the specific locations to securely terminate the first process and erase the shared information stored in the specific locations.