7/8/2014, ARS Project: Assessment of the Emission and Dispersion of Gases and Particulates from Agricultural Operations (408180) Annual Report

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Research Project: Assessment of the Emission and

Dispersion of Gases and Particulates from Agricultural Project Team
7 Operations © Hatfield, Jerry
"Programs and Projects Lacation: Air Quality of Agricultural Systems Research Project Annual Reports
> Products & Services » FY 2006
2004 Annual Report .
> People & Places o FY 2005
> News & Events 1.What major problem or issue is being resolved and howare you mFY 2004
> Partnering resolving it (summarize project aims and objectives)? How serious is
the problem? What does it matter? Related National Programs
> Careers Measurement of atmospheric constituents and the coupling of these

concentrations into dispersion models is a difficult task. Traditional o Air Quality (203)
NH approaches have used a modified form of the Gaussian dispersion Manure and Byproduct

model; however, this approach is not applicable to situations typical of © yftilization (206)

agricultural operations. The reasons for these problems are the

extremely inhomogeneous nature of the surface and the variability in

the emission rates. If improvements are to be made in both the

measurement and estimation of dispersion from a source for

agricultural operations then improvements need to be made in the

ability to accurately measure different gases and particulates in the

atmosphere. Improvements in the estimation of turbulent transfer

coefficients typical of agricultural settings need to be evaluated. Both

of these problems are complex and have not been adequately

addressed. Increasing our ability to both measure concentrations and

predict dispersion would enhance our understanding of the impact of

agricultural operations on air quality. These improvements would be

used to provide assessments of the impact of different operations

and be able to provide accurate assessments of the impact of

management practices that enhance air quality.

2.List the milestones (indicators of progress) from your Project Plan.
Evaluate an improved Lidar (Light detection and ranging) system for
measurement of particulate plumes from livestock and cotton ginning
facilities.

Deploy the Lidar into different areas to evaluate differences among
facilities Couple Lidar measurements with dispersion models to
determine the downwind transport of particulates.

Evaluate methods to measure trace gases, including volatile organic
compounds, which improve the capability of accurate measurements
of these gases in the atmosphere.

Deploy the instrumentation into livestock facilities to compare
instrument performance with standard methods.

Couple gas measurements with micrometeorological observations in
limited fetch conditions to evaluate dispersion models.

Compare current micrometeorological models for their ability to
estimate fluxes in limited fetch conditions.

Develop and conduct studies to characterize the turbulence regime in
limited fetch conditions.

Conduct field scale studies with Lidar and Trace gas instruments
coupled with the improved micrometeorological models to quantify the
improvement in estimation of downwind concentrations and plume
dynamics.

3.Milestones:

A. List the milestones (from the list in Question #2) that were
scheduled to be addressed in FY 2004. How many milestones did you
fully or substantially meet in FY 2004 and indicate which ones were not
fully or substantially met, briefly explain why not, and your plans to do
so.

This project began in May 2004 and efforts have been focused on the
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7/8/2014 ARS Project: Assessment of the Emission and Dispersion of Gases and Particulates from Agricultural Operations (408180) Annual Report

evaluation of the Lidar system, observed concentrations of trace
gases around livestock facilities, and the types of volatile organic
compounds, and the limited fetch turbulence problem. A study was
designed to evaluate the Lidar system for particulate concentration
measurements using a study site in West Texas. These studies will be
conducted under open field situations. The second phase study is to
create a trace gas source with measurements on the upwind and
downwind side and begin to manipulate the surface features to create
a limited fetch scenario. This experiment will be conducted in early
2005.

B. List the milestones (from the list in Question #2) that you expect
to address over the next 3 years (FY2005, FY2006, FY2007). What do
you expect to accomplish, year by year, over the next 3 years for each
milestone?

The milestones listed will be addressed over the next three years.

2005 Evaluate an improved Lidar (Light detection and ranging) system
for measurement of particulate plumes from livestock and cotton
ginning facilities

2006 and 2007 Deploy the Lidar into different areas to evaluate
differences among facilities

2006 and 2007 Couple Lidar measurements with dispersion models to
determine the downwind transport of particulates.

2005 and 2006 Evaluate methods to measure trace gases, including
volatile organic compounds, which improve the capability of accurate
measurements of these gases in the atmosphere.

2006 and 2007 Deploy the instrumentation into livestock facilities to
compare instrument performance with standard methods.

2006 and 2007 Couple gas measurements with micrometeorological
observations in limited fetch conditions to evaluate dispersion models.

2005 and 2006 Compare current micrometeorological models for their
ability to estimate fluxes in limited fetch conditions.

2005 and 2006 Develop and conduct studies to characterize the
turbulence regime in limited fetch conditions.

2006 and 2007 Conduct field scale studies with Lidar and Trace gas
instruments coupled with the improved micrometeorological models to
quantify the improvement in estimation of downwind concentrations
and plume dynamics.

4.What were the most significant accomplishments this past year?
A. Single most significant accomplishment during FY 2004: This
project began in May 2004 and the progress has focused on several
meetings among the PI's to develop a strategy for instrument
development and field-scale comparisons. A study was designed for
the Lidar system and comparison of micrometeorological models for
late 2004 and early 2005. A catalog of typical trace gases and their
observed range of concentrations was developed from the literature
and internal observations. These are being used to evaluate the
performance of potential sensors for atmospheric studies.

B. Other significant accomplishments. None
C. Significiant activities that support special target populations. None

D. Progress Report. This report serves to document research
conducted under a specific cooperative agreement between ARS and
Space Dynamics Laboratory, Logan, Utah. Additional details of
research can be found in the report for the parent CRIS 3625-11000-
001-000, Atmospheric Impacts of Agricultural Management Practices.

5.Describe the major accomplishments over the life of the project,
including their predicted or actual impact.

There have been no significant accomplishments to date in this
project because of the start date this year.

6.What science and/or technologies have been transferred and to
whom? When is the science and/or technology likely to become
available to the end-user (industry, farmer, other scientists)? What
are the constraints, if known, to the adoption and durability of the
technology products?

None.

7.List your most important publications in the popular press and
presentations to organizations and articles written about your work.
None.

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7/8/2014 ARS Project: Assessment of the Emission and Dispersion of Gases and Particulates from Agricultural Operations (408180) Annual Report
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