Major Union Contracts

in the United States, 1961

Bulletin No. 1353

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Ewan Clague, Commissioner

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Major Union Contracts

in the United States, 1961

Bulletin No. 1353

December 1962

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Ewan Clague, Commissioner

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Preface

The ba sic ch a ra cteristics of m a jor collectiv e b a r ­

gaining agreem ents in the United States are d escrib ed in 

this study, the second of its type to be prepared by the 

Bureau of Labor Statistics.

The study is p rim arily a census of all agreem ents 

in the United States coverin g 1,000 or m ore w ork ers, in ­

cluding key railroad and airline situations.

A ll agreem ents studied, except the ra ilroa d and 

airline agreem ents, w ere part of the Bureau*s file of c u r ­

rent agreem ents m aintained for public and governm ental 

use under the p rovision s of the Labor-M anagem ent R ela ­

tions Act of 1947, as am ended.

This rep ort was prepared in the B ureaufs D ivision 

of W ages and Industrial R elations.

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From the October 1962 issue of the Monthly Labor Review with appendix tables.

iv

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Contents

Page

Industry and occupational groups __________________________________ 1

E m ployer bargaining unit ___________________________________________ 3

Unions in v o lv e d _______________________________________________________ 4

G eographic distribution ______________________________________________ 5

Duration _______________________________________________________________ 7

Wage p rov ision s_______________________________________________________ 7

D eferred wage in crea ses and wage reopenings ________________ 8

C ost-of-liv in g review _______________ 9

C harts:

1. Duration of m a jor agreem ents, 1956 and 1961 ____________ 6

2. Monthly pattern of m a jor agreem ent expirations,

1952, 1956, and 1 9 6 1 ________________________________________ 7

Tables:

1. Type of em ployer bargaining unit in m a jor agreem ents,

by industry, 1961 ___________________________________________ 2

2. W orker coverage of m a jor agreem ents, by

industry, 1961 ______________________________________________ 3

3• Union affiliation by w orker coverage of m ajor

agreem ents, 1961 ___________________________________________ 4

4. R egional and State distribution of m ajor

agreem ents, 1961 ___________________________________________ 5

5. Duration of m a jor agreem ents, by industry, 1961_________ 8

6. Wage adjustm ent and reopening p rov ision s, by

duration of m a jor agreem ents, 1961 ______________________ 10

Appendix ______________________________________________________________ 11

Tables:

A - l . National and international unions signatory to m a jor

agreem ents, by w orker coverage, 1961______________ 13

A -2 . Regional and industry distribution of m a jor

agreem ents, 1961 ____________________________________ 14

A -3 . Wage adjustm ent and reopening p rovision s in

m a jor agreem ents, by industry, 1961 _______________ 16

A -4 . Frequency of co s t-o f-liv in g review in m a jor

agreem ents, by industry, 1 9 6 1 ______________________ 17

A -5 . Calendar of co s t-o f-liv in g adjustm ent p rovision s

in m a jor agreem ents, 1961 __________________________ 18

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Major Union Contracts in the United States, 1961

W i t h t o t a l c o v e r a g e distributed among an 

estimated 150,000 contracts in 1961, collective 

bargaining in the United States is highly decentralized. Concentration of contract coverage is, 

however, by no means negligible. Almost half of 

the total coverage (8.3 million workers) is accounted for by the 1,733 contracts which individually cover 1,000 or more workers. Moreover, 

these larger agreements predominate in the basic 

industries which serve as pattern-setters in 

American collective bargaining.

No central or State registry of all collective 

bargaining agreements exists. For a number of 

years, however, the Bureau of Labor Statistics 

has been seeking agreements covering 1,000 or 

more workers, and it is believed nearly all such 

agreements have been accounted for.1 Such 

agreements (hereafter referred to as major agreements) provide the basis for the Bureau's agreement provision studies and enable a periodic 

analysis of their important characteristics. This 

is the second such study to be prepared.2

Industry and Occupational Groups

Worker coverage under major agreements was 

almost equally divided between manufacturing 

and nonmanufacturing industries, roughly matchi Although the Bureau does not collect railroad and airline agreements 

(they are filed with the National Mediation Board, as required by the Rail* 

way Labor Act), information for key bargaining situations in these industries 

has been included in this study. Major changes for class I railroad employees 

are usually negotiated on a national basis; the terms are thereafter incorporated into the agreements between the individual railroads and various 

unions. For simplicity, the major railroad bargaining situations have been 

classified by operating, nonoperating, and Railway Express employees and 

the Pennsylvania Railroad-Transport Workers contract. Each of the four 

situations has been treated as a single agreement.

* See “ Characteristics of Major Union Contracts,” Monthly Labor Review, 

July 1956, pp. 805-611. In some details, the data in the two studies are not 

comparable. For instance, the present study includes 12 major airline agreements, while not one was covered in 1956, and a larger number of construction 

agreements.

ing the distribution of total union membership between these two industry categories.3 Three-fifths 

(1,045) of the agreements applied to manufacturing establishments covering approximately 4.4 

million workers (table 1). Nonmanufacturing 

industries accounted for 688 agreements covering 

about 4 million workers.

Since nonmanufacturing employment greatly 

exceeds that of manufacturing, the ratio of major 

agreement coverage to total employment was substantially higher in manufacturing. Workers 

covered by major agreements accounted for 

slightly more than a fourth of total employment 

in manufacturing, or almost twice the corresponding ratio for nonmanufacturing. In both categories, the degree of collective bargaining concentration declined slightly from 1956 levels, 

probably because of employment losses in major 

industry sectors.

As might be expected, major agreement coverage 

was high in such large, well-organized industries as 

transportation equipment, railroads and airlines, 

construction, other transportation, and primary 

metals (tables 1 and 2). As related to total 

industry employment,4 collective bargaining concentration appeared to be highest in transportation equipment, railroads and airlines, other 

transportation, primary metals, and communications. Somewhat lower in the range were apparel, 

mining, electrical machinery, rubber, utilities, and 

construction. Trade and services industries had 

the smallest proportion of employees under large 

agreements.

* See Directory of National and International Labor Unions in the United

States, 1961 (BLS Bulletin 1320,1962), p. 51; and “ Membership of American 

Trade Unions, I960,” Monthly Labor Review, December 1961, p. 1307.

* Ratios between agreement coverage and employment by industry cannot 

be computed with precision. Agreements are necessarily classified according 

to the major products of the employer bargainmg unit as a whole, while employment data are compiled on an establishment basis.

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T a b le 1. T ype of E m ployer B ar g a in in g U n it in M ajor A g re e m e n ts, b y I n d u str y , 1961

[Workers in thousands!

Industry

Number studied

Single ei 

Single plant

mployer

Multiplant

Multiemployer

Agreements Workers Agreements Workers Agreements Workers Agreements Workers

All industries....................................................................... 1,733 8,308.0 490 1,021.9 624 3,415.6 619 3,870.5

Manufacturing........................................................... 1,045 4,351.3 441 917.3 392 2,469.4 212 964.7

Ordnance and accessories _ 20 67.5 13 26.3 7 41.2

Food and kindred products................................................ 118 360.5 26 45.9 32 97.2 60 217.5

Tobacco manufactures........................................................ 12 25.8 5 7.9 6 15.6 1 2.4

Textile mill products........................................................... 31 81.2 13 20.4 12 32.3 6 28.5

Apparel and other finished textile products...................... 53 456.2 1 1.0 8 27.4 44 427.8

Lumber and wood products (except furniture)................. 13 26.1 2 2.4 5 8.5 6 15.2

Furniture and fixtures......................................................... 19 33.2 7 8.3 3 6.9 9 18.0

Paper and allied products................................................... 57 125.9 29 46.0 19 45.8 9 34.1

Printing, publishing, and allied industries........................ 34 70.8 3 3.5 4 5.7 27 61.6

Chemicals and allied products_______________________ 53 102.0 36 58.2 17 43.8

Products of petroleum and coal 15 49.2 9 23.6 6 25.6

Rubber products................................................................. 29 126.2 17 24.6 11 96.7 1 5.0

Leather and leather products............................................. 19 66.9 4 6.2 6 26.0 9 34.8

Stone, clay, and glass products.................................. ........ 41 110.3 14 18.3 19 62.7 8 29.3

Primary metal industries.................................................... 113 627.6 57 97.5 51 514.5 5 15.6

Fabricated metal products.................................................. 52 140.8 13 28.7 29 82.0 10 30.1

Machinery (except electrical)............................................. 106 310.9 63 116. S 39 184.6 4 10.0

Electrical machinery........................................................... 105 421.0 48 133.2 52 278.7 5 9.2

Transportation equipment................................................. 120 1,074.4 62 207.1 54 852.9 4 14.4

Instruments and related products___ ________________ 24 53.5 14 34.2 10 19.3

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries........................... 11 21.9 5 8.1 2 2.4 4 11.4

Nonmanufacturing.................................................... 688 3,956.7 49 104.7 232 946.3 407 2,905.8

Mining, crude petroleum, and natural gas production___ 18 237.8 3 4.2 10 23.6 5 210.1

Transportation 1.................................................................. 115 681.1 17 38.2 20 67.6 78 575.3

Railroads and airlines 2 16 869.6 13 64.1 3 805.5

Communications................................................................. 80 501.3 4 5.2 75 495.1 1 1.0

Utilities: Electric and gas................................................... 79 195.1 9 35.9 66 154.1 4 5.1

Wholesale trade_____________________________________ 13 25.2 13 25.2

Retail trade.......................................................................... 106 289.9 14 18.7 33 92.2 59 179.1

Hotels and restaurants_______________________________ 37 171.2 2 4.2 35 167.0

Services................................................................................ 53 177.7 2 2.5 10 37.8 41 137.4

Construction 170 805.1 2 4.9 168 800.2

Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing industries___ 1 2.9 1 2.9

» Excludes railroads and airlines. N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal

8 See text footnote 1. totals.

Approximately nine-tenths of the major agreements applied to bargaining units comprised 

entirely, or almost entirely, of production or bluecollar workers as shown in the following tabulation:

Agree- Workers

Predominant worker group ments (thousands)

All worker groups_______________ 1, 733 8, 308. 0

Production employees (blue-collar)1_____ 1, 528 7, 550. 3

Professional and technical employees----- 35 89. 4

Clerical employees_____________________ 64 283. 0

Sales employees------------------------------------ 72 226. 0

Two groups or more combined 2________ 20 104. 3

Information not available______________ 14 55. 1

i Includes all types of production and nonclerical workers in manufacturing 

and nonmanufacturing industries.

* Principally in the telephone industry—plant and traffic departments and 

commercial departments.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

The agreements (171) applying predominantly 

or exclusively to white-collar workers accounted 

for only 7 percent of all major coverage.5

The 35 agreements covering professional and 

technical employees were distributed mainly 

among three nonmanufacturing industries (airlines, maritime, and services—television and 

motion pictures) and five manufacturing industries 

(ordnance, printing and publishing, electrical 

machinery, transportation equipment, and instruments). With the exception of an industrywide agreement in the television industry and a •

• The Bureau estimates that white-collar workers comprise about 12 percent 

of total union membership. See BLS Bulletin 1320, op. cit., p. 50; and 

“ Membership of American Trade Unions, 1960,“ op. cit., pp. 1305-1306.

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multiplant agreement in electrical machinery, 

coverage under any of these agreements did not 

exceed 3,500 workers.

The communications industry accounted for 

the majority of the clerical agreements, and retail 

trade for nearly all sales personnel agreements.

Employer Bargaining Unit

For the employer, the signer of more than 6 

out of 10 major agreements was a single company 

(table l).6 Their workers accounted for slightly 

more than half the coverage of all major agreements. Agreements applying to two plants or 

more constituted the majority of single employer 

agreements and covered over 75 percent of the 

workers under such agreements. Multiplant bargaining by Single employers was the leading form 

of bargaining, measured by worker coverage, in

• An important distinction must be drawn between agreements and collective bargaining situations which may produce or influence a number of 

separate agreements. For example, the basic steel companies typically 

signed separate multiplant agreements, although their major terms were 

negotiated in a joint multiemployer bargaining session with the Steelworkers.

T able 2. Worker Coverage of Major Agreements, by I ndustry, 1961

[Workers in thousands]

Industry

All industries........................................

Manufacturing_____ _______—

Ordnance and accessories.....................

Food and kindred products_________

Tobacco manufactures.........................

Textile mill products............................

Apparel and other finished textile

products.............................................

Lumber and wood products (except

furniture)...........................................

Furniture and fixtures..........................

Paper and allied products...................

Printing, publishing, and allied industries....................................................

Chemicals and allied products_______

Products of petroleum and coal______

Rubber products___________________

Leather and leather products------------

Stone, clay, and glass products______

Primary metal industries.....................

Fabricated metal products---------------

Machinery (except electrical)------------

Electrical machinery................... ........

Transportation equipment---------------

Instruments and related products-----

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries....................................................

N onmanufacturing.....................

Mining,crude petroleum, and natural

gas production...................................

Transportation1...................................

Railroads and airlines * ........................

Communications..................................

Utilities: Electric and gas....................

Wholesale trade____________________

Retail trade...........................................

Hotels and restaurants---------------------

Services.................................................

Construction.........................................

Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing industries_________________________

1,000-2,499 2,500-4,999 5,000-9,999 10,000-24,999 25,000-49,999 50,000-99,999 100,000 workers

workers workers workers workers workers workers and over

Agree­ Work­ Agree­ Work­ Agree­ Work­ Agree­ Work­ Agree­ Work­ Agree­ Work­ Agree­ Workments ers ments ers ments ers ments ers ments ers ments ers ments ers

1,057 1,513.4 347 1,136.3 191 1,280.1 103 1,458.2 19 613.8 7 413.8 9 1,892.5

681 970.1 202 659.2 89 596.5 56 777.4 8 268.4 4 253.8 5 826.0

10 15.1 7 23.3 2 15.5 1 13.7

74 102! 5 29 98.6 10 58.4 4 51.0 1 50.0

9 13.0 2 7.0 1 5.9

23 31.3 3 10.7 4 29.2 1 10.0

19 27.9 11 35.6 15 108.3 5 88.0 2 71.4 1 125.0

9 13.0 4 13.1

17 26.7 2 6.6

46 64.3 9 28.6 2 33.0

27 38.2 3 9.9 4 22.8

44 67.7 7 20.5 2 13.8

9 14.1 4 16.1 2 19.1

19 22.2 5 18.5 1 5.0 3 55.5 i 25.6

g 12! 7 g 19)1 4 25.1 1 10! 0

30 44! 5 5 18 1 4 27.4 2 20.3

74 105.4 16 48.1 10 64.0 9 124.4 1 27.0 2 133.8 1 125.6

34 48.9 13 40.6 3 19.7 2 31.7

77 107)5 20 61.8 3 20.6 4 52.4 2 68.6

62 84)5 26 84)0 6 35.6 9 110 6 1 36.4 1 70.0

62 9o! 5 26 87)1 15 103! 9 13 177! 0 1 40.0 3 576.0

19 27)5 3 9.5 2 16.5

9 13.1 1 2.8 1 6.0

376 543.3 145 477.2 102 683.6 47 680.8 11 345.4 3 160.0 4 1,066.5

14 20.2 1 4.7 1 7.0 1 20.0 1 186.0

61 86.8 24 77.9 16 104.1 8 115.0 3 82.4 2 105.0 1 110.0

7 11.5 5 32.6 2 55.0 2 770.5

29 40.3 19 64.6 19 141.9 12 199.6 1 55.0

56 82! 8 17 56.6 4 23.6 2 32.1

10 13)3 2 6.9 1 5.0

64 88.3 28 87.9 11 73.8 3 40.0

18 29)7 7 23.0 9 56.5 2 27.0 1 35.0

36 SO* 4 8 26! 3 3 22.0 6 79.0

81 m i 38 126.6 33 217.2 13 168.2 5 173.0

1 2.9

i Excludes railroads and airlines.

* See text footnote 1.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totalSi

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manufacturing industries as a whole; in metalworking industries, it was by far the predominant 

type. Among nonmanufacturing industries, multiplant bargaining was strong in communications 

and utilities, where the larger companies have 

widely scattered branches or stations.

Except for the railroad industry, multiemployer 

bargaining mainly involved relatively small companies, and the 619 major multiemployer agreements in effect in 1961 may well have applied to 

individual employers numbered in the tens of 

thousands. The ratio of workers covered by such 

agreements to total major agreement coverage— 

47 percent—is substantially higher than the ratio 

of all multiemployer bargaining to all collective 

bargaining coverage. 'The traditional strongholds 

of multiemployer bargaining, and also sources of a 

large volume of coverage in 1961, are the food 

and apparel industries, mining, railroads, other 

transportation (chiefly maritime and trucking), 

and construction. Multiemployer bargaining in 

1961 was also predominant (among major situations) in lumber, furniture, printing and publishing, leather, trade, hotels and restaurants, and 

services. In nonmanufacturing as a whole, almost 

three-fourths of all workers under major agreements were covered by multiemployer agreements; 

in manufacturing, one-fifth.

7 See “ Unaffiliated Local and Single-Employer Unions in the United States, 

1961/’ Monthly Labor Review, September 1962, p. 976.

Multiemployer agreements are distributed by 

worker coverage in the following tabulation:

MuUiemployer

agreements

Worker coverage Number

Workers

(<thousands)

All size groups__________ _____ 619 3, 870. 5

1,000 to 2,499 workers_________ _____ 330 488.4

2,500 to 4,999 workers_________ _____ 127 419.6

5,000 to 9,999 workers_________ _____ 100 649.5

10,000 to 24,999 workers_______ _____ 43 597. 2

25,000 to 49,999 workers_______ _____ 11 369.4

50,000 to 99,999 workers_______ _____ 3 155. 0

100,000 workers or more________ _____ 5 1,191. 5

N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

About half of the 329 major agreements covering 

5,000 workers or more were multiemployer agreements, including 5 of the 9 largest in the country.

Unions Involved

Major agreement coverage was divided among 

the principal trade union categories in the United 

States roughly in proportion to total union membership,7 as follows:

Percent of—

Major

agreements Workers

AFL-CIO affiliates_______________________— 80 80

National unaffiliated unions_________________ 13 14

Single firm or intrastate unaffiliated unions-- 6 3

Mixed union affiliation______________________ 1 4

N ote: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

T able 3. Union Affiliation by Worker Coverage of Major Agreements, 1961

[Workers in thousands]

Worker coverage

Number studied Agreements negotiated byAgreements

Workers

AFL-CIO affiliates Unaffiliated unions AFL-CIO and 

unaffiliated unions, 

jointly

AgreementsWorkers

National1 Single firm or 

intrastate1

AgreementsWorkers Agreements

Workers Agreements

Workers

All size groups.............. . 1,733 8,308.0 1,391 6,601.7 224 1,146.8 99 261.9 19 297.7

1,000 to 2,499 workers................. 1,057 1,513.4 852 1,218.1 138 194.7 60 91.1 7 9.6

2,600 to 4,999 workers................. 347 1,136.3 273 893.7 40 132.6 30 96.9 4 13.1

6,000 to 9,999 workers................. 191 1,280.1 154 1,045.4 27 172.1 6 39.4 4 23.3

10,000 to 24,999 workers.............. 103 1,458.2 84 1,213.9 13 171.5 3 34.6 3 38.4

95 nrWl tn id QQQ wnrlrprs 19 613.8 18 588.8 1 25.0

50 OOO t.n OQ QQQ wnrlrprs 7 413 8 4 258.8 3 155.0

100,000 workers or more............. 9 1,892! 5 6 1,383.0 2 296.0 1 213.5

i See text footnote 7. Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

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The Teamsters, the largest union in the country, 

held 144 of the 224 major agreements negotiated 

by national unaffiliated unions (table 3). The 

expulsion of the Teamsters from the AFL-CIO 

was responsible for the most significant change 

since 1956 in the number of major agreements 

negotiated by Federation affiliates. The number 

of major agreements attributed to single firm 

unaffiliated unions declined from 127 (453,300 

workers) in 1956 to 99 (261,900 workers) in 1961; 

affiliation with national unions was the chief 

reason for this drop.

Sixteen national unions each represented 

100,000 workers or more under major agreements.8 

These 16 are listed in the following tabulation 

in descending order of workers covered by major 

agreements to which each union is the exclusive 

signatory.9

ciations. Although only slightly more than a 

fifth of the 1,733 major agreements covered operations in more than one State or region, more than 

half of total worker coverage was accounted for by 

these agreements. Most of those workers— 

almost 4 million—were under interregional agreements negotiated by multiplant corporations in 

the steel, automobile, and rubber industries and 

of the type characteristic of apparel, coal mining, 

and transportation bargaining (table 4).

All States with the exception of North Dakota 

and Wyoming had at least one intrastate agreement covering 1,000 workers or more. New York 

led with 186, followed by California (172), Illinois 

(132), and Pennsylvania (110). Coverage was 

highest (776,100 workers) in California, where the 

large intrastate agreements were principally in 

nonmanufacturing industries.

Number of

agreement*

Automobile Workers_____________________________ 118

Steelworkers_____________________________________ 120

Teamsters (Ind.)_________________________________ 144

Communications Workers________________________ 48

Machinists_______________________________________ 94

Carpenters____________________________________ 54

Ladies’ Garment Workers____ ____________________ 37

Electrical Workers, IBEW_______________________ 92

Electrical Workers, IUE________________ 47

Mine Workers (Ind.) (excluding District 50)______ 2

Clothing Workers............................................... 20

Hod Carriers__________ 33

Retail Clerks............... 42

Hotel & Restaurant Employees—................... 30

Rubber Workers_________________________________ 23

Meat Cutters____ ______ 44

Geographic Distribution

The interstate dispersion of collective bargaining 

is emphasized by the many major agreements 

which cover the farfiung multiplant operations 

of large companies and of multiemployer asso8 Coverage of agreements is not necessarily identical with union membership. Nonmembers may be included within the bargaining unit represented 

by a union.

* The coverage of all unions having major agreements will be listed in a

BLS report presenting this article with additional data.

T able 4. R egional and State Distribution of Major

Agreements, 1961

[Workers in thousands]

Region and State Agreements

Workers

United States.. 1,733 8,308.0

Interregional agreements i.................... 296 3,965.0

New England....... .... 107 291.6

Intraregion8____ 8 40.3

Maine.................. 9 18.7

New Hampshire. 4 7.0

Vermont.............. 2 2.4

Massachusetts___ 44 118.0

Rhode Island___ 3 4.6

Connecticut_____ 37 100.8

Middle Atlantic_____ 397 1,309.1

Intraregion8____ 32 172.5

New York—____- 186 674.8

New Jersey_____ 69 171.3

Pennsylvania___ 110 290.6

East North Central.. 401 1,078.1

Intraregion8____ 15 83.9

Ohio..................... 89 207.0

Indiana_________ 28 65.8

Illinois................. 132 406.4

Michigan............. 85 196.0

Wisconsin............ 52 119.1

West North Central- 83 200.3

In traregion 8____ 7 32.5

Minnesota......... 31 74.2

Iowa.................... 9 20.3

Missouri..............

North Dakota.

28 57.1

South Dakota___ 1 2.6

Nebraska............. 3 6.4

Kansas................. 4 7.3

South Atlantic........... 103 252.7

Intraregion8____ 13 37.2

Delaware............. 3 4.2

Maryland............ 21 51.0

Region and State Agree- Work* 

ments ers

South A tlanticContinued 

District of Columbia..............

Virginia-..............

West Virginia—

North Carolina__

South Carolina__

Georgia_________

Florida.................

7 20.7

17 50.3

8 12.6

8 18.0 

6 9.7

8 19.9*

12 29.2

East South Central__

Kentucky_______

Tennessee............

Alabama..............

Mississippi—___ _

34

9

1410

1

62.0

14.8

24.2

20.3 2.8

West South Central—

Intraregion8____

Arkansas..........

Louisiana.............

Oklahoma-..........

Texas...................

49

5

3

15

2

24

114.6

19.3

4.6

34.8

53.0

Mountain...........

Intraregion 2.

Montana___

Idaho...........

Wyoming—

Colorado___

New Mexico.

Arizona........

Utah............

Nevada____

38 78.2

2 2.9

4 9.2

2 4.2

11 19.1

1 1.3

5 18.3

8 12.7

5 10.6

Pacific................

Intraregion 8. 

Washington.

Oregon.........

California.—

Alaska.........

Hawaii_____

22511

27

12

172

1

2

956.6

62.2

66.9

28.5

776.1

3.0

20.0

1 Each agreement covered 2 plants or more in different regions.

8 Each agreement covered 2 plants or more in different States in the same 

region.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

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Chart 1. Duration of M ajor Agreements, 1956 and 19611

Percent of total

E Z H 3 1961

v>rxsXr\ 1956

Tftox&vi*

Percent of total

»oasea on i,/oo agreements covering - -----------------------------------9 ~ i w w w , w w w " W I R O I * i n I 7 0 1

and 1,424 agreements covering 8,168,300 workers in 1956

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Duration

The trend to long-term agreements (2 years or 

more), highlighted in the Bureau's 1956 study, was 

accentuated during the next 5 years (chart 1). 

In 1961, only 1 out of 8 major agreements, covering 

a smaller proportion of workers, was negotiated 

for a term of less than 2 years (table 5). The 

prevalence of 2-year agreements also declined 

somewhat. A duration in excess of 2 years 

became, by 1961, the majority practice.

Significant increases in duration were noted in 

the major manufacturing agreements in transportation equipment, food, electrical machinery, 

and primary metals (however, basic steel agreements negotiated in 1962 returned to a 2-year 

duration); in nonmanufacturing, lengthening of 

terms was especially notable in transportation, 

communications, and construction. An indefinite 

duration (open end) continued in coal mining and 

railroad agreements.

The increasing prevalence of long-term agreements of varying lengths means that fewer major 

agreements will expire each year and the industrial 

mix of expiring agreements will change from year 

to year. If the calendar of expirations 10 in 1961 

is typical, the seasonal pattern of expirations is 

also changing (chart 2). Although the 1961 

pattern probably will not be duplicated in later 

years, it appears that the traditional concentration 

of bargaining in the spring, as exemplified by the 

1952 pattern, no longer holds.

Wage Provisions

Implicit in the trend to long-term agreements is 

the development of automatic wage adjustment 

formulas or provisions for wage reopenings, or 

both, to replace annual negotiations. Cost-ofliving review, deferred increases, and wage reopen-

» For the purpose of analysis, the expiration date is the formal termination 

date established by the agreements. In general, it is the earliest date on 

which termination of the contract could be effective, except for special provisions for termination, such as disagreements arising out of reopening issues. 

Many agreements provide for automatic renewal at the expiration date 

unless notice of termination is given. The Labor Management Relations 

Act of 1947, as amended, requires that a party to an agreement desiring to 

terminate or modify it shall serve written notice upon the other party 60 

days prior to the expiration date.

Chart 2. Monthly Pattern of Major Agreement Expirations, 1952, 1956, and 1961

Percent of Expirations

ings or combinations of these provisions were 

specified in 7 out of 8 major agreements, as

follows:

Percent of — 

Major

agree- Workmente en

Deferred wage increase only....... .................... 39. 3 27. 5

Wage reopening only______________________ 17. 7 24. 1

Cost-of-living review only_________________ 1. 8 1. 3

Cost-of-living review and deferred wage

increase_________________________________ 18. 6 24. 2

Deferred wage increase and wage reopening- 7. 1 9. 1

Cost-of-living review and wage reopening__ 1. 3 .6

Wage reopening, cost-of-living review, and 

deferred wage increase__________________ 1. 8 3. 3

Deferred wage increase provisions were included 

in two-thirds of the agreements, wage reopening 

in over one-fourth, and cost-of-living review in 

slightly less than a fourth (table 6). Nearly all 

(95 percent) of the agreements with terms of 2 

years or more had such wage adjustment provisions, as compared with less than two-fifths of

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those under 2 years. Multiple provisions were 

most frequent in contracts of more than 3 years.

Deferred Wage Increases and Wage Reopenings.

Deferred wage increases are included in agreements sometimes as an “ annual improvement 

factor” or “ annual productivity increase.” 11 A 

few of the agreements in 1961 made provision for 

diversion of part of the deferred increases into 

pension and health and welfare funds.12

Although a single deferred increase was the 

common practice in agreements with terms of 

less than 2 years, the longer termed agreements 

with deferred increases tended toward annual or 

multiple increases and frequently added or substituted a wage reopening clause. Although 

deferred increases and escalation came into prominence together (the General Motors—UAW agreement of 1948), the former had, by 1961, become

by far the more popular device. Among agreements with terms of 3 years or more, the various 

combinations of wage adjustment devices ranked 

in the following order by number of agreements:

Deferred wage increase only_______________________ 235

Deferred wage increase and cost-of-living review___ 156

Wage reopening only____ ______ 153

Deferred wage increase and wage reopening________ 81

Deferred wage increase, cost-of-living review, and

wage reopening_________________________________ 25

Cost-of-living review only________ 12

Cost-of-living review and wage reopening__________ 8

11 Approximately 2 percent o£ the deferred wage increase provisions limited 

the increases to specific groups or occupations. The exclusions generally 

represented small groups and, therefore, did not materially affect total worker 

coverage.

J* Similar clauses were incorporated in several automobile and farm equipment agreements negotiated in late 1061 and, therefore, are not included in 

this study.

T able 5. D uration 1 op Major

[Workers in

Industry

All industries----------------------------------------------

Manufacturing..........................................

Ordnance and accessories____________________

Food and kindred products.................................

Tobacco manufactures____ __________________

Textile mill products________ _______ ______ _

Apparel and other finished textile products____

Lumber and wood products (except furniture)..

Furniture and fixtures........ ........................ .......

Paper and allied products...................... ............

Printing, publishing, and allied industries____

Chemicals and allied products_______________

Products of petroleum and coal____. . . . _______

Rubber products___________________________

Leather and leather products________ ________

Stone, day, and glass products...........................

Primary metal industries^..................................

Fabricated metal products................................

Machinery (except electrical)________________

Electrical machine)

Instruments and related products................................

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries......................

N onmanufacturing..._______________________

Mining, crude petroleum, and natural gas production.

Transportation *........................................................... .

Railroads and airlines *____________ _____ _________

Communications________ ______ _________________

Utilities: Electric and gas______________ ___________ Wholesale trade__________________________________

Retail trade................................................... ...............

Hotels and restaurants................................................. .

Services............ ............................................................ .

Construction..................................................................

Miscellaneous nonmanufacturing industries.............. ,

Number

studied

Less than 

1 year

1 year Over 1 and 

under 2 years

2 years Over 2 and 

under 3 years

Agree­ Workers Agree­ Workers Agree­ Workers Agree­ Workers Agree­ Workers Agree­ Workers

ments ments ments ments ments ments

1,733 8,308.0 7 10.5 131 298.1 84 335.8 610 1,917.4 202 1,043.1

..... - = s s s r —■ - ..—LLX.. 1 -IJ> ' ■ , , BSSSmiL---Lr-s ," ssgsas=S££=5 &S=S=S£=C3S=5

1,045 4,351.3 2 2.2 84 157.0 45 177.8 418 1,273.4 148 866.0

20 67.5 4 6.6 1 3.5 7 30.3 2 5.8

118 360.5 i 1.1 5 7.6 10 37.2 64 228.9 4 20.7

12 25.8 1 4.4 1 1.1 10 20.4

31 81.2 7 11.3 1 9.0 10 27.3 2 9.0

53 456.2 3 10.5 11 52.5 3 12.0

13 26.1 i 1.1 8 16.3

19 33.2 1 1.0 2 3.3 5 6.9 4 7.1

57 125.9 24 38.6 29 80.2

34 70.8 1 1.0 24 51.3 5 10.8

53 102.0 4 6.4 3 4.8 25 41.8 2 2.7

15 49.2 3 8.8 1 1.7 8 31.1

29 126.2 4 4.1 4 23.9 18 88.3 1 4.0

19 66.9 15 52.2 1 2.5

41 110.3 5 12.3 4 26.0 24 58.9 1 1.0

113 627.6 3 4.0 8 28.5 21 34.3 54 495.9

52 140.8 3 5.7 2 14.0 15 27.4 15 33.5

106 310.9 4 6.6 2 13.7 31 47.9 22 158.9

105 421.0 5 16.2 2 2.6 34 108.9 11 20.3

120 1,074.4 2 4.6 3 7.7 40 227.2 20 80.9

24 53.5 3 4.9 1 1.1 11 24.7 1 1.1

11 21.9 2 2.7 8 17.1

688 3,956.7 5 8.4 47 141.1 39 158.0 192 644.1 54 177.1

18 237.8 * 2 2.7 3 3.9 7 19.4

115 681.1 1 1.1 4 5.8 25 140.9 7 15.6

16 869.6 9 30.4 1 6.4 2 7.4

80 501.3 8 37.1 11 58.6 7 35.6

79 195.1 2 3.1 20 43.8 7 16.1 39 107.1 2 4.2

13 25.2 2 3.0 2 5.4 1 1.5

106 289.9 1 6.4 2 11.9 46 130.3 11 42.2

37 171.2 1 1.0 7 27.9 1 2.0

53 177.7 2 2.5 20 58.7 3 9.2

170 805.1 2 4.2 9 41.5 8 38.4 41 125.1 20 75.7

1 2.9 1 2.9

* In classifying agreements by duration, a 1-month leeway was observed; of 2 years' duration, 

e. g., agreements with terms of 23 or 25 months were grouped with agreements * Excludes railroads and airlines.

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Provisions permitting one or more contract 

reopening for wage negotiations were incorporated 

in 484 contracts covering over 3 million workers. 

In 3 out of 4 of these agreements, wage negotiations were to take place either at a predetermined 

date or after specified intervals. A few contracts, 

however, permitted wage reopening at any time. 

The remaining provisions tied possible wage 

reopenings to unpredictable economic factors, 

such as changes in the cost-of-living or in wages 

or prices in the industry or area, or, less frequently, 

in case of national emergency.

Cost-of-Living Review. Cost-of-living escalator 

clauses, which provide for periodic review and 

adjustment of wages dependent on the movement 

of the Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Price 

Index, are the more expendable of the wage adjustment provisions.

After the Bureau’s 1956 study, escalator clauses 

were added to basic steel contracts (and were 

dropped in 1962 negotiations), major meatpacking 

agreements (September 1956), and agreements of 

General Electric, West Coast grocery chains, 

New York retail bakeries, and Montgomery 

Ward department stores. In 1956, the railroads 

reinstated escalation, which had been discontinued 

in 1954, but dropped it again in 1960.

In 1961, manufacturing agreements accounted 

for nearly 80 percent of the escalator clauses and 

a slightly higher proportion of the workers 

covered. The relative importance of escalation, 

as shown by the percentage of workers under 

major agreements containing such clauses, was 

highest in primary metals (90), transportation 

equipment (82), ordnance (71), machinery— 

except electrical (68), and fabricated metals (57). 

In nonmanufacturing, escalator clauses were

A g r e e m e n t s , b y I n d u s t r y , 1961 

thousands]

3 years Over 3 and 

under 4 years

4 and under 

5 years

5 years Over 5 years Indefinite

Industry

Agreements

Workers AgreementsWorkers Agreements

Workers Agreements

Workers Agreements

Workers AgreementsWorkers

542 3,032.8 22 54.2 31 152.9 66 322.7 23 78.4 15 1,062.4 All industries.

295 1,722.2 12 27.8 20 64.9 13 . 33.7 5 21.8 3 4.7 Manufacturing.

3 15.5 3 5.9 Ordnance and accessories.

32 62.4 1 1.1 1 1.5 Food and kindred products. 

Tobacco manufactures.

9 22.1 1 1.1 1 1.5 Textile mill products.

Apparel and other finished textile products. 

Lumber and wood products (except furniture). 

Furniture and fixtures.

31 339.2 2 27.0 3 15.0

3 4.7 1 4.0

6 12.6 1 2.4

4 7.1 Paper and allied products.

Printing, publishing, and allied industries. 

Chemicals and allied products.

Products of petroleum and coal.

Rubber products.

Leather and leather products.

Stone, clay, and glass products.

Primary metal industries.

Fabricated metal, products.

Machinery (except electrical).

Electrical machinery.

Transportation equipment.

Instruments and related products. 

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.

3 3.7 1 4.1

16 39.1 1 2.2 1 4.0 1 1.2

2 5.4 1 2.3

1 5.0 1 1.0

3 12.3

6 10.2 1 2.0

23 56.7 2 5.0 1 2.0 1 1.3

17 60.2

39 65.9 2 2.8 3 8.4 3 6.8

41 252.8 1 1.1 6 8.8 4 7.5 1 3.0

50 741.4 3 8.3 1 3.2 1 1.2

6 9.2 1 3.1 1 9.5

1 2.1

247 1,310.6 10 26.4 11 88.0 53 289.0 18 56.6 12 1,057.7 N onmanufacturing.

1 1.7 1 1.6 4 208.5 Mining, crude petroleum, and natural gas production. 

Transportation.*

Railroads and airlines.1

61 464.3 1 3.0 3 10.5 2 2.5 8 19.7 3

4

17.9

825.5

53 369.0 1 1.0 Communications.

7 13.6 1 1.5 1 5.8 Utilities: Electric and gas. 

8 15.3 Wholesale trade.

17 30.0 2 5.0 1 2.5 21 37.8 5 23.8 Retail trade.

16 62.8 3 3.0 7 33.0 2 6.6 Hotels and restaurants.

13 55.3 5 14.4 2 17.0 5 14.1 3 6.6 Services.

71 298.7 2 4.0 2 20.0 15 197.6 Construction.

Miscellaneous nonmanu faeturin g industries.

8 See text footnote 1. Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 

totals.

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T able 6. W ag e A djustment and R eo pe n in g P ro visio n s, b y D u ration of M ajo r A greem en ts, 1961

[Workers in thousands]

Duration

Number with 

provisions

Cost-of-living 

review only

Deferred wage 

increase only

Wage reopening only

Cost-of-living 

review and 

deferred wage 

increase

Cost-of-living 

review and 

wage reopening

Deferred wage 

increase and 

wage reopening

Cost-of-living 

review, deferred wage 

increase, and 

wage reopening

Agreements

Workers

Agreements

WorkersAgreements

Workers

Agreements

Workers

Agreements

WorkersAgreementsWorkers

Agreements

Workers

Agreements

Workers

Total........................... 1,519

2

27

56

564

192

529

21

31

66

23

8

7.483.5

4.2

67.7

229.0

1,755.7

1.017.5

2.991.6 

53.2

152.9 

322.7

78.4

810.9

31 104.1 681

—

10

34

331

68

203

11

10

8

3

2

2,289.1

%2

23.6

124.9

978.6

195.6 

820.5

30.0

36.8

49.5

6.5

21.2

307

r

14 

7

117

12

128

1

7

15 

2 

3

1,999.4

iTo*

34.7

37.1 

353.3

34.7 

864.8

1.1

37.8

58.1 

2.3

573.8

323 2,010.9 22 53.9 123 754.6 32 271.7

Tars than 1 yp.ar 1 "

1 y A n r 2

3

6

6

11

1

2

2.5

20.0

45.2

13.6

19.6 

1.0

2.4

1

8

70

88

116

7

6

20

7

7.0

40.0

242.6 

722.0

899.6 

16.2 

12.6 

34.6 

36.5

Over 1 and under 2 years...

2 years..................................

Over 2 and under 3 years__

3 years..................................

Over 3 and under 4 years__

4 years and under 5 years__

5 years..................................

Over 5 years.........................

Indp.finit.A (opfin end)

7

7

6

1

1

15.4

11.5 

21.8

3.2

2.0

3

30

8

46

1

7

22

5

1

4.2

116.7

34.6

126.7 

5.0

62.6 

178.6

12.9

213.5

1

3

3

19

6

2.9

4.1

5.7

238.7

20.3

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.

concentrated in transportation (principally local 

and intercity bus transportation and trucking) 

and retail trade.

Quarterly wage reviews, featured by automobile agreements, were required by approximately 

half of the escalator arrangements. Semiannual 

and annual reviews were each provided for by 

approximately a fourth. Semiannual review was 

required mainly in food processing, primary metals other than steel, local and intercity transportation, and retail trade; annual review, principally in the basic steel agreements which were in 

effect in 1961 and in the large areawide trucking 

agreements.

The combined effect of differences in periodicity and timing of escalator clauses was to spread

the impact of possible wage adjustments throughout the year, as shown in the following tabulation:

Month in which adjustment was to be made * merits (thousands)

All escalator agreements............. 408 2, 410. 6

January.................................... 106 802.9

February_____________________________ 63 368.4

March...................................... 143 633. 1

April----------------------------------------- 60 656. 8

May................. 45 125.2

June.......................................... 138 592. 1

July______________ 101 783. 7

August_______________________________ 60 200. 3

September____________________________ 138 611. 1

October— -------- 114 1, 194. 0

November____________________________ 44 124.2

December......... .......... 132 597.4

1 Not to be confused with month of the Consumer Price Index upon which 

adjustment was based.

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Five tables are presented in this appendix to 

provide additional data on agreem ent coverage by national 

and international unions, industry, and region; prevalence 

of wage adjustm ent p rovision s and frequency of c o s t -o fliving review , by industry; and months of c o s t-o f-liv in g 

adjustm ents.

11

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13

Table A-l. National and International Unions1 Signatory to Major Agreements,2 by W orker Coverage, 1961

300, 000 w o r k e r s and o v e r

Auto W ork ers (11.8)

C om m un ication s W ork ers (48)

M ach in ists (94)

S teelw ork ers (120)

T e a m ste rs (Ind. ) (144)

2 0 0 .0 0 0 and under 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 w o rk e rs

C arp en ters (54)

E le c tr ic a l (IBEW ) (92)

E le c tr ic a l (IU E) (47)

G arm en t, L ad ies (37)

M ine W ork ers (E xcluding D ist. N o. 50) (Ind. ) (2)

100.000 and under 200,000 w o rk e rs

C lothing (20)

Hod C a r r ie r s (33)

H otel (30)

M eat C utters (44)

R eta il C lerk s (42)

R ubber (23)

5 0 .0 0 0 and under 100, 000 w o rk e rs

B uilding S e r v ic e (19)

E n g in eers, O peratin g (18)

L o n g sh o re m e n 's A s s o c ia tio n (14)

O il, C h em ica l and A to m ic (31)

P a in ters (12)

S treet, E le c tr ic R ailw ay (27)

T eleph one U nions (Ind. ) (9)

T ex tile W ork ers (TW U A ) (24)

T ra n sp ort W ork ers (6)

25, 000 and under 50, 000 w o rk e rs

A c to r s (3)

B o ile rm a k e r s (14)

B r ick la y e r s (11)

E le c tr ic a l (U. E. ) (I n d .) (9)

FLU o r LIU (21)

G lass B ottle (11)

G lass and C e r a m ic (7)

In surance W ork ers (3)

Iron W ork ers (12)

L on g sh orem en and W areh ou sem en (Ind. ) (5) 

M arine and Shipbuilding (9)

M a ritim e (4)

M ine W ork ers (D ist. N o. 50) (Ind. ) (20) 

P ack in gh ou se (11)

P a p e rm a k e rs (17)

P lum bing (7)

R ailw ay and Steam ship C lerk s (1)

R eta il, W h olesale (17)

S e a fa re rs (4)

Shoe W o rk e rs, U nited (5)

U tility (8 )

10, 000 and under 25, 000 w o rk e rs

A lum inum (4)

B ook b in d ers (11)

B r e w e ry (9)

C h em ica l (11)

D is tille ry (7)

G la s s, F lint (7)

G rain M ille rs (6 ) 12

10, 000 and under 25, 000 w o r k e r s — C ontinued 

H atters (3)

Industrial W o rk ers, A llied (12)

Laundry (5)

Laundry (Ind. ) (5)

L eath er G ood s, P la s tic (3)

L ith ograp h ers (Ind. ) (4)

M a ste rs , M ates and P ilo ts (3)

M ine, M ill (Ind. ) (9)

M old ers (6)

P rin tin g P re s s m e n (8)

Pulp (9)

S alaried U nions (In d .) (1)

Sheet M etal (5)

Shoe and B oot (5)

T eleg ra p h ers (1)

T ex tile W ork ers (U TW A ) (9)

T o b a cco (9)

T y p o g r a p h ic a l(6)

W ood w ork ers (7)

5, 000 and under 10, 000 w o r k e r s

A ir L ine P ilo ts (5)

B ak ery (Ind. ) (4)

B a k ery , A m e rica n (4)

B r ick and C lay (2)

C hicago T ru ck D r iv e rs (Ind. ) (1) 

C om m un ication s A s s o c ia tio n (Ind. ) (2) 

E lev a tor C on stru ctors (1)

F u rn itu re (4)

G arm ent, U nited (2)

M arine E n g in eers (3)

M ech an ics E d ucation al (4)

M u sician s (6)

N ew spaper G uild (5)

N ew spaper and M ail D e liv e rs (I n d .) (2) 

P ackin gh ou se W ork ers (Ind. ) (1)

P la s te r e r s (4)

P o tte rs (3)

T oy W ork ers (2)

U p h olsterers (5)

U nder 5, 000 w o r k e r s

A s so cia te d U nions (In d .) (1)

B roa d ca st E m p loy ees (1)

C em ent (1)

C igar M ak ers (2)

E n g in eers, T e ch n ica l (1)

G ranite C utters (1)

G uard, P lant (In d .) (1)

J ew elry (1)

L a ce O p era tiv es (In d .) (1)

L ath ers (2)

L eath er W ork ers (2)

O ffice E m p loy es (2)

P attern M ak ers (1)

P h oto-E n g r a v e r s (2)

R o o fe r s (1)

Shoe and A llie d C ra ftsm en (I n d .) (1)

Stage (2)

Stone, U nited (2)

Stove M oun ters (1)

U tility W ork ers o f New E ngland (Ind. ) (1) 

W atch w orkers (Ind. ) (2)

1 A ll unions a re a ffilia ted w ith the A F L -C IO ex cep t th ose follow ed by (In d .). F o r fu ll union id en tifica tion and 

a d d re s s e s , see D ir e c to r y o f N ational and International L a b or U nions in the U nited S tates, 1961, B LS B u lletin 1320.

2 E xclu ded fr o m this listin g a re 72 a g reem en ts cov erin g 1 m illio n w o r k e r s w h ich in clu d e m e m b e r s o f 2 o r 

m o re un ions, and 99 a g reem en ts co v e rin g 2 6 2 ,0 0 0 w o r k e r s rep re se n te d by un affiliated s in g le -e m p lo y e r o r in tra ­

state unions.

N O TE : The nu m ber o f a g reem en ts is in d icated in p a ren th eses.

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Table A-2. Regional and Industry Distribution o f Major Agreements, 1961

J^Wo^rkej^^in^thou^and^

Industry

N um ber

studied

R e g io n 1

In te rreg ion a l 2New

England

M iddle

A tlan tic

E ast

N orth

C en tral

Wc

No:

C en1

sst

rth

tral

A g r e e ­

m ents

W o rk ­

e r s

A g r e e ­

m ents

W o rk ­

e rs

A g r e e ­

m ents

W o rk ­

e r s

A g r e e ­

m ents

W ork ­

e rs

A g r e e ­

m ents

W ork ­

e r s

A g r e e ­

m ents

W ork ­

e rs

A ll in d u stries — --------------------- 1. 733 8.308. 0 296 3.965.0 107 2 9 1 .6 397 1,309. 1 401 1.078. 1 83 200. 3

M anufacturing -------- 1 .0 4 5 4.351. 3 172 2.159.7 76 1 8 6 .4 253 653.. 6 278 650. 1 38 8 0 .8

O rdn an ce and a c c e s s o r ie s -— 20 67. 5 1 13.7 2 3 .9 3 3., 9 1 3. 0 1 4 .0

F ood and kin d red p rod u cts — 118 360. 5 24 9 5 .9 2 5 .4 24 52. 2 23 50. 2 8 16. 8

T o b a c c o m a n u fa c tu r e s ---------- 12 25. 8 - - _ - - .. _ - _ -

T ex tile m ill p rod u cts - — — 31 81. 2 2 2. 5 6 15. 6 9 3 4 .0 1 1.9 - -

A p p a rel and oth er fin ish ed

te x tile p r o d u c t s ------------ - - 53 456. 2 15 2 7 8.0 2 5. 5 25 14 9.9 4 7. 3 3 8.0

L u m ber and w ood p rod u cts

(ex cep t fu rn itu re) ------------- 13 26. 1 1 2. 3 - - 1 2„ 0 3 8. 5 - -

F u rn itu re and fix t u r e s ------— 19 33. 2 2 4 .9 1 1.0 4 8.. 7 4 5. 8 - -

P a p er and a llied p rod u cts — 57 125.9 6 27. 6 6 10. 6 12 17.. 2 14 22. 3 4 5. 5

P rin tin g , publish ing, and

a llied in d u stries ---------------- 34 70. 8 3 5. 1 1 1. 1 14 3 9 .7 11 1 7 .9 1 1. 1

C h em ica ls and a llied

p rod u cts --------------------------- 53 102.0 4 12.9 1 1. 7 16 23.. 8 10 20. 3 2 4 .0

P ro d u cts o f p etroleu m

and c o a l ___ _____________ —___ 15 49. 2 2 19. 1 - - 1 1. 5 2 5 .4 _ -

R ubber p rod u cts -------------------- 29 126. 2 6 87. 6 6 9. 1 4 9 . 2 10 14 .9 _ -

L eath er and leath er

p rod u cts —------------------ ---------- 19 6 6 .9 4 22.0 8 2 3 .7 3 12. 5 2 4 .0 1 3 .0

Stone, cla y , and g la ss

p rod u cts — ---------------------- — - 41 110. 3 18 7 3 .0 1 1.2 9 17 .9 11 14. 6 1 1 .9

P r im a r y m eta l in d u stries — 113 6 2 7 .6 23 420. 3 3 5 .0 24 4 1 .5 42 125. 2 1 2.0

F a b rica ted m e ta l p rod u cts — 52 140. 8 15 61. 2 4 8 .5 9 18. 1 14 25. 3 1 1.0

M a ch in ery (ex cep t

e le c tr ic a l) — ------------------------- 106 31 0.9 7 93. 2 14 25. 5 21 3 7 .9 52 1 3 7 .8 5 5 .9

E le c tr ic a l m a ch in ery — ------ - 105 4 2 1 .0 13 1 8 4.5 9 30. 3 30 72. 1 39 87. 2 5 1 3 .9

T ra n sp orta tion equipm ent — 120 1,074. 4 25 754. 3 7 34 .9 23 62. 2 31 9 ? .6 4 6.8

Instrum ents and rela ted

p r o d u c ts - — —----------------- 24 53. 5 - - 2 2 .4 15 3 4 .9 2 3. 6 1 7 .0

M isce lla n e o u s m anu facturing

in d u s t r ie s -------------------------------------- 11 2 1 .9 1 2. 1 1 1 . 2 6 14 .7 2 2 .9 - -

N onm anufacturing — ------- 688 3.956. 7 124 1.805. 3 31 105. 3 144 655. 5 123 4 2 8 .0 45 1 1 9 .5

M ining, cru d e p etroleu m ,

and natu ral gas

p rod u ction — --------------------------------- 18 2 3 7 .8 2 1 8 7 .4 1 1 . 2 1 20.0 4 5. 7 1 7 .0

T ra n sp orta tion 3 - ---------- ---------- 115 681. 1 32 330. 7 5 18. 3 19 162.9 15 5 6 .0 3 4. 2

R a ilroa d s and a ir lin e s 4— — - 16 869. 6 16 869. 6 - - - _ - _ _ -

C om m u n ication s —------------------------ 80 501. 3 25 223. 9 1 9. 1 21 11 4.0 18 68. 1 2 20. 2

U tilities: E le c tr ic and gas — 79 195. 1 11 26. 7 4 5. 4 18 61. 8 21 43. 5 4 4 .9

W h olesa le tra de — --------------- 13 25. 2 - - _ _ 4 9. 6 2 3. 1 1 1 . 0

R eta il t r a d e -------------------------------------- 106 2 8 9.9 10 35. 3 4 16. 3 23 62. 8 23 6 6 .9 10 18. 2

H otels and resta u ran ts ------------ 37 171. 2 - - 1 4. 3 6 4 4 .9 6 32. 8 4 7. 3

S e r v ic e s — ----------------- --------------------- 53 177.7 11 6 5 .0 _ - 15 58. 8 9 29. 6 5 6. 1

C o n s tr u c tio n ------------------------------------- 170 805. 1 17 6 6 .7 15 50. 6 36 117.9 25 122. 4 15 50. 8

M iscella n eou s nonm anufa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s —------ ------- 1 2 .9 1 2 .9

See footn otes at end o f table.

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Table A-2. Regional and Industry Distribution o f Major Agreements, 1961— Continued

(W ork ers in thousands)________

R e g io n 1

Industry South

A tlantic

Ea

So*

Cen1

St

ith

tral

W € 

So* 

Ceni

iSt

ith

tral

M ountain P a c ific

A g r e e ­

m ents

W ork ­

e rs

A g r e e ­

m ents

W ork ­

e rs

A g r e e ­

m ents

W ork ­

e r s

A g r e e ­

m ents

W ork ­

e r s

A g r e e ­

m ents

W ork ­

e r s

A ll in d u stries ---------------------- — 103 2 5 2.7 34 62.0 49 114. 6 38 78. 2 225 956. 6

M a n u fa ctu rin g -------------- 65 146. 8 27 4 8 .4 31 6 5 .4 15 2 9 .0 90 331. 3

O rdn an ce and a c c e s s o r ie s — 2 9 .8 1 3. 5 4 9 .9 5 1 5 .9

F ood and kin d red p rod u cts — 5 7 .0 - - 1 1.0 3 3. 5 28 12 8.7

T o b a c c o m a n u fa c tu r e s ---------- 8 19. 6 4 6. 2 - - - - - -

T ex tile m ill p rod u cts ------------ 11 25. 2 2 2. 1 - - - - - -

A p p a rel and oth er fin ish ed

textile p rod u cts ------------------ - 1 1.0 - - - - - 3 6. 5

L u m ber and w ood p rod u cts

(e x ce p t fu r n it u r e )--------------- - - - - 1 1. 2 1 2. 6 6 9 .5

F u rn itu re and f ix t u r e s ---------- 1 1. 2 1 1.0 - - - - 6 10. 6

P a p er and a llied p r o d u c t s -— 4 6 .7 4 6 .4 5 6 .7 - - 2 2 3 .0

P rin tin g , p u blish in g, and

a llied in d u stries —-------------- - - - - - - - - - 4 6. 1

C h em ica ls and a llied

p r oduc t s — — —— — — — 11 21. 1 5 12.0 4 6. 2 - - - -

P ro d u cts o f p etroleu m

and c o a l ■------- ,-------------------------

- - - - 6 16.8 - - 4 6. 6

R ubber p r o d u c t s --------------------- 2 2. 1 - - - - 1 3 .5 - -

L eath er and leath er

p rod u cts — — — -------------- - - - - - - - - 1 1 .8

Stone, cla y , and gla ss

p rod u cts ———————————— 1 1.8 - - - - - - - -

P r im a r y m eta l in d u stries — 5 6. 3 4 5. 3 1 2. 2 6 9 . 5 4 10. 5

F a b rica ted m eta l p rod u cts — 2 2. 2 2 4. 6 - - - - 5 1 9 .9

M a ch in ery (e x ce p t

e l e c t r i c a l )----------------------------- 2 • 2.0 - - 2 3. 6 - - 3 5. 1

E le c tr ic a l m a c h in e r y ------------ 3 13. 3 2 3 .9 1 1 .4 - - 3 1 4 .7

T ra n sp orta tion equipm ent — 6 2 6 .7 2 6. 1 8 21. 2 - - 14 69. 7

Instrum ents and related

p r o d u c t s ---------— -----— — - - 1 1.0 1 1 .7 - 2 3 .0

M isce lla n e o u s m anu facturing

in d u stries ----------------------------- 1 1.0 - - - - " ~

N on m a n u fa ctu rin g -------- 38 10 5.9 7 1 3 .6 18 49. 3 23 4 9 ,2 135 625. 3

M ining, cru d e p etroleu m ,

and natu ral gas

p r o d u c t io n ------------------------- — - - 1 2.0 1 1. 3 6 11. 6 1 1 .7

T ra n sp orta tion 3---------------------- 12 22. 8 2 2. 3 7 24. 7 1 1 .0 19 58. 5

R a ilro a d s and a ir lin e s 4— — - - - - - - - - - - -

C o m m u n ica tio n s -----------------— 6 28. 4 - - - - - - 7 37. 6

U tilities: E le c tr ic and gas — 6 13. 6 1 1. 8 4 6.6 2 3 .4 8 2 7 .4

W h olesale trade — —-------------- - - - - - - - - 6 1 1 .5

R eta il tra d e — —------------------ — 5 10. 6 - - 2 2. 1 2 2.0 27 7 5 .7

H otels and restau ran ts — — - 3 1 1 .9 - - - - 4 9 .2 13 6 0 .9

S e rv i c e s --------------------------n------, - - 1 1. 1 - - - - 12 17. 2

C on stru ction — ------------------ — 6 1 8 .7 2 6 .5 4 14. 6 8 22. 1 42 3 3 5.0

M isce lla n e o u s nonm anufa ctu rin g in d u s t r ie s ------------

1 The States inclu d ed in the reg ion s u sed in this study a re shown in table 4, p. 7.

2 E ach a g reem en t c o v e re d 2 plants o r m o re in d iffe re n t re g io n s.

3 E x clu d es r a ilro a d s and a ir lin e s .

4 See text footn ote 1.

N O TE: B eca u se o f rounding, su m s o f in dividu al item s m ay not equal tota ls.

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16

Table A-3. Wage Adjustment and Reopening Provisions in Major Agreements, by Industry, 1961

(W ork ers in thousands)

A u tom atic c o s t- D e fe rre d W age reopen in g

Industry o f-liv in g rev iew w age in c r e a s e Spe<:ific C ondition al

A g r e e ­

m ents W ork ers A g r e e ­m ents W ork ers A g r e e ­

m ents W ork ers A g r e e ­

m ents W ork ers A g r e e ­

m ents W ork ers

A ll in d u stries ________________ 1,733 8 ,3 0 8 .0 408 2 ,4 4 0 . 5 1,159 5 ,3 2 6 .2 366 2 ,3 8 8 .3 118 691. 2

M a n u fa ctu rin g _________ 1, 045 4 ,3 5 1 .3 320 2 , O il. 1 684 3 ,0 8 7 .7 219 779. 5 70 323. 7

O rdnance and a c c e s s o r ie s — 20 6 7 .5 10 48. 1 14 45. 0 3 13. 3

F ood and k indred p r o d u c t s __ 118 360. 5 26 83. 8 99 308. 3 8 1 6 .4 13 28. 3

T o b a cco m a n u fa c tu r e s _______ 12 25. 8 - - 5 8. 5 - - 1 1 .4

T ex tile m ill p rod u cts _______ 31 81. 2 - - 8 20. 6 14 35. 6 3 10. 0

A p p a rel and oth er fin ish ed 

textile p rod u cts _____________ 53 456. 2 . . 8 26. 0 16 180. 6 28 224. 5

L um ber and w ood p rod u cts 

(ex cep t fu rn itu re) _________ _ 13 26. 1 2 5. 2 10 20. 2 2 6. 3

F urn itu re and fix t u r e s _______ 19 33. 2 6 8. 7 12 23. 2 5 8. 8 - -

P aper' and a llied p r o d u c t s __ 57 125. 9 - - 24 53. 3 17 4 3 .9 - -

P rin tin g, publish in g, and 

a llied in d u s t r ie s ____________ 34 70. 8 1 2. 2 31 66. 8 2 2. 5

C h em icals and a llied 

p rod u cts _____________________ 53 102. 0 8 18. 3 23 47. 8 24 47. 1 2 3. 8

P rod u cts o f p etroleu m 

and coa l ______________________ 15 49. 2 . 1 1. 0 6 10. 3 1 2. 2

R ubber p rod u cts ______________ 29 126. 2 2 5. 0 8 15. 7 20 110. 1 2 6. 0

L eath er and leath er 

p rod u cts _____________________ 19 6 6 .9 _ _ 13 55. 0 3 8. 5 4 16. 5

Stone, cla y , and g la ss 

p rod u cts _____________________ 41 110. 3 6 9 .5 27 82. 2 6 7. 7 2 3 .4

P rim a r y m etal i n d u s t r ie s __ 113 627. 6 75 564. 9 94 602. 3 13 18. 8 - -

F a b rica ted m etal p r o d u c t s __ 52 140. 8 25 7 9 .9 41 115. 8 4 8. 2 1 3. 2

M ach in ery (ex cep t 

e le c tr ic a l) ___________________ 106 310. 9 46 2 0 9 .9 77 248. 9 2C 37. 8 3 5. 0

E le c tr ic a l m a ch in ery _______ 105 421. 0 28 7 1 .7 70 3 0 4.9 37 137. 9 4 4. 7

T ra n sp orta tion e q u ip m e n t__ 120 1 ,0 7 4 . 4 74 879. 2 96 991. 7 16 74. 8 3 5. 5

Instrum ents and related 

p rod u cts _____________________ 24 53. 5 7 20. 0 16 36. 3 2 8. 7 _ _

M iscella n eou s m anufacturing 

in d u stries ___________________ 11 2 1 .9 4 4 .9 7 14. 6 1 2. 8 3 9. 3

N on m a n u fa ctu rin g _____ 688 3, 956. 7 88 4 2 9 .4 475 2 ,2 3 8 .5 147 1 ,6 0 8 .7 48 367. 6

M ining, cru de p e tro le u m , 

and natural gas 

p r o d u c t io n ___________________ 18 237. 8 6 15. 2 13 28. 0

T ra n sp o rta tio n 1 2 ______________ 115 681. 1 47 317. 3 95 5 6 3 .6 22 127. 9 19 265. 5

R a ilroa d s and a irlin e s 3 ------- 16 869. 6 - - 4 241. 1 L 770. 5 - -

C o m m u n ica tio n s ______________ 80 501. 3 - - 12 41. 3 51 356. 8 1 10. 8

U tilities: E le c tr ic and g a s __ 79 195. 1 1 3. 5 25 67. 0 24 62. 5 2 9. 1

W holesale trade ______________ 13 25. 2 1 1. 1 11 22. 2 2 6. 5 3 3. 5

R eta il t r a d e ___________________ 106 289. 9 24 5 9 .9 96 263. 8 10 2 4 .9 5 7. 0

H otels and resta u ran ts ______ 37 171. 2 4 20. 0 32 158. 0 11 74. 6 1 2. 0

S e rv ice s _______________________ 53 177. 7 4 5. 5 37 115. 0 9 19. 2 10 47. 3

C o n s tr u c tio n __________________ 170 805. 1 1 7. 0 149 735. 8 16 165.9 7 22. 5

M iscella n eou s nonm anufa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s ------------- 1 2 .9 - - 1 2 .9 •• - - -

1 N onadditive. A nu m ber o f ag reem en ts p rov id ed fo r m o r e than 1 type of w age action .

2 E xclu des ra ilro a d s and a ir lin e s.

3 See text footnote 1.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual item s may not equal totals.

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(W ork ers in thousands)

Table A-4. Frequency o f Cost-of-Living Review in Major Agreements, by Industry, 1961

F req u en cy o f re v ie w

Industry Q u a rterly Sem iannually A nnually O ther 1

A g r e e ­

m ents W ork ers A g r e e ­m ents W ork ers A g r e e ­m ents W ork ers A g r e e ­

m ents W ork ers

A ll in d u s t r ie s ------------------------------------ 205 1, 296. 3 101 331. 3 98 8 0 7 .0 4 5 .9

M a n u fa ctu rin g --------------------—— 185 1. 243. 1 61 188.5 71 5 7 5 .5 3 4 .0

O rdn an ce and a c c e s s o r i e s -------------- 10 48. 1

F ood and kin d red p rod u cts —---------- 3 7. 1 21 7 4 .5 2 2. 2 - -

T o b a c c o m an u factu res — ---------- ----- - - - - - - - -

T ex tile m ill p r o d u c t s ----------------------- - - - - - - - -

A p p a rel and oth er fin ish ed

tex tile p rod u cts —--------------------------- - - - - -

L u m ber and w ood p rod u cts

(ex cep t fu r n it u r e )----------------------— - - 1 4 .0 1 1. 2 - -

F u rn itu re and fix t u r e s --------------------- 3 4. 2 1 1. 5 2 3 .0 - -

P a p er and a llied p rod u cts -------------- - - - - - - - -

Prin tin g , publish in g, and

a llied in d u stries ---------------------------- 1 2. 2 - - - - - -

C h em ica ls and a llied p r o d u c t s ------ 7 17. 1 1 1. 3 - - - -

P ro d u cts o f p etroleu m and c o a l----- - - - - - - - -

R ubber p rod u cts - ------------- -------- 2 5 .0 - - - - - -

L eath er and leath er p r o d u c t s --------- - - - - - - - -

Stone, cla y , and g la ss p rod u cts — 2 2.8 2 3. 2 2 3. 5 - -

P r im a r y m e ta l in d u stries -------------- 11 1 3 .4 19 64. 1 45 4 8 7 .4 - -

F a b rica ted m eta l p rod u cts ------------- 10 1 6 .4 7 2 6 .5 8 37. 1 - -

M a ch in ery (ex cep t e le c t r ic a l)--------- 33 176. 8 8 12. 5 5 20. 6 - -

E le c tr ic a l m a ch in ery ----------------------- 26 69. 7 - - 1 1.0 1 1. 0

T ra n sp orta tion equipm ent -------------- 67 856. 7 - - 5 19. 5 2 3 .0

Instrum ents and related

p rod u cts ------------------------------------------- 6 19.0 1 1.0

M isce lla n e o u s m anu facturing

in d u stries —--------—--------------------- ----- 4 4 .9 - - - -

N onm anufacturing -------------— 20 53. 2 40 1 4 2.8 27 2 3 1 .6 1 1 .9

M ining, cru d e p e tro le u m , and

n atu ral gas p r o d u c t i o n ----------------- - - 1 1. 2 5 14 .0 - -

T ra n sp orta tion 2--------------------------------- 12 3 6 .0 26 8 9 .9 8 189. 6 1 1 .9

R a ilroa d s and a ir lin e s 3— ------------- - - - - - - - - -

C om m u n ication s — — -------------- ------— - - - - - - - -

U tilities: E le c tr ic and g a s ------------- 1 3. 5 - - - - - -

W h olesale tra d e — ------------------------- — - - 1 1. 1 - - - -

R eta il t r a d e --------------------------------------- 2 4. 2 11 43. 6 11 12. 1 - -

H otels and resta u ran ts — -----------— 2 6.0 - - 2 1 4 .0 - -

S e r v ic e s — -----------—--------------- — ------ 3 3. 5 - - 1 2.0 - -

C o n s tr u c tio n -------------- ------ ----------------- - - 1 7 .0 - - - -

M isce lla n e o u s nonm anufacturing

in d u s t r ie s -------------,--------------------------

1 2 a g reem en ts s p e cifie d m onthly adju stm en ts; another v a ried the freq u en cy o f adju stm en ts by the nu m ber 

m ade in the p re v io u s y e a r; and the rem a in in g a g reem en t did not in d icate freq u en cy o f ad ju stm en ts.

2 E x clu d es r a ilro a d s and a ir lin e s .

3 S ee text footn ote 1.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual item s may not equal totals.

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Table A-5. Calendar o f Cost-of-Living Adjustment Provisions in Major Agreements, 1961

(W ork ers in thousands)

Month o f a d ju stm en t1

N um ber with 

p ro v is io n s

F req u en cy o f rev iew

Q u arterly Sem iannually A nnually M onthly

A g r e e ­

m ents

W ork ers A g r e e ­

m ents W ork ers A g r e e ­

m ents W ork ers A g r e e ­

m ents W ork ers A g r e e ­

m ents W ork ers

T o t a l ___________________________ 408 2 ,4 4 0 .5 205 1, 296.3 101 331. 3 98 807. 0 2 2 .9

January ________________________ 106 802. 9 49 623. 1 49 15 4.8 6 22. 2 2 2 .9

F e b ru a ry ______________________ 63 3 6 8 .4 33 100. 3 24 95. 8 4 169.5 2 2 .9

M a r c h ------ 143 633. 1 123 573. 0 10 29. 0 8 2 8 .4 2 2 .9

A p ril 60 6 5 6 .8 49 623. 1 7 26. 0 2 4 .9 2 2 .9

M ay ____________________________ 45 125. 2 33 100. 3 9 21. 1 1 1. 0 2 2 .9

J u n e ____________________________ 138 592. 1 123 573. 0 2 4 .8 11 11. 5 2 2 .9

July ____________________________ 101 783. 7 49 623. 1 49 154. 8 1 3. 0 2 2 .9

A u g u s t _________________________ 60 200. 3 33 100. 3 24 9 5 .8 1 1 .4 2 2 .9

S e p te m b e r _____________________ 138 611. 1 123 573. 0 10 29. 0 3 6 .4 2 2 .9

O ctob er ________________________ 114 1 ,1 9 4 .0 49 623. 1 7 26. 0 56 542. 1 2 2 .9

N ovem b er -------------------------------- 44 124. 2 33 100. 3 9 21. 1 - _ 2 2 .9

D e ce m b e r _____________________ 132 5 9 7 .4 123 573. 0 2 4 .8 5 16. 8 2 2 .9

F req u en cy not s p e c ifie d 2 ___ 2 3. 0 - - - • - -

1 R e fe r s to m onth in w h ich adjustm ent w as to be m ad e, not the m onth o f the C on su m er P r ic e Index on w h ich 

adjustm ent w as b a sed .

2 1 a g reem en t v a rie d the freq u en cy by the nu m ber o f adju stm en ts m ade in the p re v io u s y e a r ; the oth er did 

not s p e c ify the freq u en cy .

N O TE : B eca u se o f rounding, su m s o f individu al item s m ay not equal tota ls.

☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1962 O - 669479

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