1 United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Risk Management Document



# Importation of F resh Fruit of Cape Goos e berry, Physalis peruviana L., with Husks from Chile into

the Co ntinental United States

Ju ly 13

, 20 1 1

Ver. 2

Plant Health Programs (PHP) Regulat ions, Permits and Manuals (R PM )

Contact Person: Claudia Ferguson2 

### Introduction

In Feb. 2003

, t he Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero (SAG) , the National Plant Protection

Or ganization (NPPO) of the Republic of Chile request ed to export cape goos e berry

, Physalis peruviana L., as fresh fruit with husks into the continental United States.

Because f resh field grown cape goos e berry fruit ha s not been imported from the Republic of Chile before, APHIS conducted a pathway

- initiated pest risk assessment (PRA)

. A list of cape gooseberry pests from Republic of Chile was prepared based

on the U nited S tates Department of Agriculture (USDA)’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (AP HIS) records of intercepted pests

, s cientific literature and information provide d by SAG . The final PRA

, Importation of Fresh F ruit of Cape Gooseberry

, P hysalis peruviana L. , with Husks, from Chile into the Continental

United States , A Qualitative Pathway

- Initiated Risk A ssessment ( USDA

, 20 1 1 )

identified no pest s of quarantine concern follow ing the pathway o f f resh cape

goo se berry f ruit with husk s from Republic of Chile to the U nited S tates

.

The proposed importation of fresh cape gooseberry fruit with hus k s from the Republic of Chile, if approved, would be regulated under the existing fruits and vegetables regulations ( 7 CFR § 319.56 ) . This document outlines the phytosanitary measures that APHIS will require if the proposed importation of fresh cape

go o s e berry with husks from the Republic of Chile is approved and documents the evidence used by APHIS to conclude that these measures will effectively prevent the

introduction of the quarantine pest.



### Standard Industry Practices

C ape gooseberry fruit s a re hand pic ked when ma t ure and the husks are yellowish with

a rugo se paper texture (Villarroel, 2006a). F ruit s are harvested with husks and peduncle (SAG, 2005 ) and the n dr ied at 1 5

- 18 oC with 60

- 70 % relative humidity (Villarroel, 2006b) . Fuit s are conside red dry when husks become beige and more

rugos e and brittle in texture (Villarroel, 2006b ). F ruit is then packed in plastic

containers after sorting and culling of defective or damage d fruits (Villarroel, 20 0 6c ; SAG, 2005 ).



### Pest Risk Mitigation Measures

APHIS propose s that fresh cape gooseberry fruit with husks from Republic of Chile may be imported into the continental U nited S tates only under the following conditions:

(1). Cape g ooseberry must be imported into the U nited S tates in c ommercial consig nment s only.

(2). Each consignment of cape gooseberry must be accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate issued by NPPO of Chile stating : “ the cape gooseberry in the consignment has been inspected and is free of pests ”

.3 (3). Fruits w ill also be subjec t to inspection at the United States port of entry.



### Summary

Fruit of cape gooseberry were estimated to be low risk for introduction of R.

solanacearum R3 B2, since fruit of other susceptible solanaceous crops, such as peppers and tomatoes only rarely co ntain the pathogen (Sanchez

- Perez et al ., 2007). The U nited

S tates currently allows import s of tomatoes and pepper fruits from Central American

countries where R. solanacearum R3 B2 occurs
, and the overall risk presented by the

bacteri um in the fruit pathw ay is considered to be low.

The phytosanitary requirements d escribed above for importation of c ape gooseberry fruits

with husks from Republic of Chile include fresh fruits with husks imported into the United States in commercial consignments only

, inspe cted by SAG inspectors and f ound

to be free of pests of concern, and inspection at the first United States port of entry

.

APHIS finds that the mi tigations measures described in this document will result in the effective removal of pes t s of concern from t he pathway for the importation of field produced fresh cape gooseberry fruit with husks from Republic of Chile

.



### Authors

José R. Hernández Ph.D.

Senior Risk Manager

– Plant Pathology

Walter Gould Ph.D. Senior Risk Manager

- Enthomology



### Ref erence s

F AO. 2002. International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures: Guidelines for Pest Risk Analysis. Publication No. 2. Rome: Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

SAG. 2005 . Initiating event letter No. 2157 dated August 04, 2005. Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero de Chile (SAG).

Sanchez

- Perez, A., L. Mejia, M. Fegan, and C. Allen. 2007. Diversity and distribution of

Ralstonia solanacearum strains in Guatemala and rare occurrence of tomato fruit infection. Plant Pathology 57:320

- 331.4 USDA. 2010 . Docket No. APHIS

- 2009

- 0082. Determination of Pest

- Free Areas in the Republic of Chile; Request for Comments. Federal Register. http://www.the federalregister.com/d.p/2010

- 02

- 01

- 2010

- 2 009

.

USDA. 2011. Importation of Fresh Fruit of Cape Gooseberry, Physalis peruviana L., with Husts, from Chile into the Continental United States, a Qulitative Pathway

Initiated Risk Assessment , Rev. 7

. United States Department of Agriculture,

Animal & Pla nt Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection & Quarantine, Center for Plant Health Science & Technology, NC. Pp 1

- 27.

Villarroel, J. P. 2006a. Procedimiento de cosecha de Physalis peruviana : Protocolo realizadopara la Empresa PEV Fruit Chile Limitada. 6 p.

Villarroel, J. P. 2006b. Procedimiento de secado de Physalis peruviana : Protocolo realizado para la Empresa PEV Fruit Chile Limitada. 6 p.

Villarroel, J. P. 2006c. Procedimiento de embalado de Physalis peruviana : Protocolo realizado para la Empresa P EV Fruit Chile Limitada. 6 p.