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Occupational Training

in Selected Metalworking

Industries, 1974

A Report on a Survey of Selected Occupations

U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics and Employment and Training Administration 1977

BLS Bulletin 1976 ETA R&D Monograph 53

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Occupational Training

in Selected Metalworking

Industries, 1974

A Report on a Survey

of Selected Occupations

U.S. Department of Labor

Ray Marshall, Secretary

Bureau of Labor Statistics

Julius Shiskin, Commissioner

Employment and Training Administration

Ernest G. Green

Assistant Secretary for Employment and Training

1977

BLS Bulletin 1976

ETA R&D Monograph 53

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402

Stock No. 029-001-02127-5

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Preface

This report presents the results of a survey of occupational training provided by

employers for 14 occupations in four metalworking industries. The survey was conducted

by the Bureau of Labor Statistics with funds provided by the Employment and Training

Administration, Office of Research and Development. The report was prepared by H.

James Neary, Division of Occupational Outlook, under the supervision of Max Carey.

Lafayette Grisby was the project monitor for the Office of Research and Development.

Material in this publication is in the public domain and may be reproduced without

permission of the Federal Government. Please credit the Bureau of Labor Statistics and

the Employment and Training Administration and cite the name and number of the

publication.

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Contents

Page

Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................ 1

Definitions ......................................................................................................................................................................... 1

Data collection ................................................................................................................................................................. 2

Reliability ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2

Highlights ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

Chapter 1. Occupational training in 1974 4

Sum m ary............................................................................................................................................................................. 4

Enrollments and completions by industry .................................................................................................................... 5

Purpose of train in g............................................................................................................................................................. 5

Type of tr a in in g ................................................................................................................................................................. 6

Registered apprentices .................................................................................................................................................... 7

Length of training ............................................................................................................................................................ 9

Chapter 2. Employers’ reasons for training decisions.....................................................................................................................11

Why training was provided.................................................................................................................................................... 11

Why training was not p rovid ed .............................................................................................................................................11

Chapter 3. Trainee selection and benefits .....................................................................................................................................14

Factors used to select trainees .............................................................................................................................................14

Benefits to employees who complete training.....................................................................................................................15

Compensation for training time outside of regular work h o u r s .........................................................................................16

Training r e c o r d s .....................................................................................................................................................................16

Chapter 4. Training content, facilities, and staff .........................................................................................................................18

Content of training programs .............................................................................................................................................18

Development of course content .........................................................................................................................................18

Program evaluation.................................................................................................................................................................18

Training facilities and staff .................................................................................................................................................18

Training c o s t s ........................................................................................................................................................................ 21

Tables:

1. Establishments: By size and ind u stry.................................................................................................................... 4

Enrollments and completions:

2. By occupation ........................................................................................................................................................ 4

3. By industry ............................................................................................................................................................ 5

4. By occupation and industry ................................................................................................................................ 5

5. By purpose of training and industry .................................................................................................................... 6

6 . By purpose of training and o ccu p a tio n ................................................................................................................ 6

7. By type of training and industry............................................................................................................................ 7

8 . By type of training and occupation .................................................................................................................... 7

9. Enrollments in qualifying and skill improvement training: By type of training and in d u stry ........................ 8

10. Completions of qualifying and skill improvement training: By type of training and industry........................ 8

11. Enrollments in qualifying and skill improvement training: By type of training and occupation..................... 8

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Contents—Continued

Page

Tables—Continued

12. Completions of qualifying and skill improvement training: By type of training and occupation ................ 9

13. Apprenticeship enrollments and completions: By occupation ........................................................................ 9

14. On-the-job training: By duration ......................................................................................................................... 9

15. Off-production-site training: By d u ra tio n .................................................................................................................10

16. Reasons for providing structured training: By industry .........................................................................................12

17. Reasons for not providing structured training: By industry .................................................................................13

18. Factors used to select employees for structured training: By size of establishment and purpose of

tr a in in g ..................................................................................................................................................................... 14

19. Primary factor used to select employees for structured training: By size of establishment and

purpose of training ................................................................................................................................................. 15

20. Establishments having collective bargaining agreements that stipulate training selection factors: By

size of establishment and in d u stry .........................................................................................................................15

21. Benefits received by employees completing structured training: By size of establishment and purpose

of train in g................................................................................................................................................................. 16

22. Training records: By size of establishment .............................................................................................................17

23. Subject matter of structured training: By purpose and type of training.................................................................18

24. Groups helping to determine subject matter of structured training: By size of establishment ........................ 19

25. Evaluation of training: By size of establishment .....................................................................................................19

26. Evaluation methods: By size of establishm ent.........................................................................................................19

27. Training facilities: By size of establishment ............................................................................................................ 20

28. Outside training facilities: By size of establishm ent................................................................................................ 20

29. Training for instructors: By size of establishment ................................................................................................ 21

30. Training cost records: By size of establishment .................................................................................................... 21

Appendixes:

A. Reference tables .........................................................................................................................................................22

B. Scope and method of survey .....................................................................................................................................32

C. Survey of occupational training in in d u str y .............................................................................................................35

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Introduction

Responding to the report of a presidential task force1 

which in 1967 called attention to the serious information

gap on occupational training in private industry, the

Employment and Training Administration, Department of

Labor, provided funds to the Bureau of Labor Statistics to

conduct a pilot survey of employer training in private

industry. The objective of that survey was to study the

feasibility of collecting data on enrollments and completions of occupational training provided by private

employers, and to determine the best method of collecting

such data. The Bureau concluded in the pilot survey that

“data on training activities in private industry can be

collected effectively.” 1 2 In addition, a mail survey was

recommended as the basic collection method.

This report presents the results of a survey that stemmed

from the pilot survey. The new survey was designed both to

obtain useful data and to resolve problems associated with

conducting a national survey of occupational training

provided by employers in private industry.

Manual occupations requiring substantial training were

selected for study because employers generally provide

training in such occupations. The following 14 occupations,

which account for a significant proportion of employment

among the highly skilled manual occupations, were selected:

Crane, derrick, and hoist

operator

Electrician

E lectroplater

Filer, grinder, buffer,

chipper, cleaner, or

polisher

L ayout w orker, m etal

M achine to o l setter

M achinist

M echanic, m aintenance

M illwright

Patternm aker, m eta l/w o o d

Plum ber and /or p ip efitter

Sheet-m etal w orker

T ool and die m aker, m etal

W elder and flam ecutter

Four metalworking industries—fabricated metal products; machinery, except electrical; electrical machinery; and

transportation equipment—were selected for study because

they employed a significant proportion of all workers in these

occupations.

1A G overnm ent C om m itm en t to O ccupational Training in Industry: R e p o rt o f the Task Force on Occupational Training in Industry

(Washington, D.C., August 1968).

2H. James Neary, “The BLS Pilot Survey of Training in Industry,” M onthly L abor R eview , February 1974, p. 31.

Definitions

The pilot survey indicated that “training” would have to

be defined very precisely for good survey results. “On-thejob training”, for example, covers a wide range, from learning a job skill in a highly structured apprenticeship program

to simply “learning by doing” or “picking it up”. With the

assistance of a group of consultants experienced in occupational training in industry,3 training was defined as a structured program provided by employers for their employees

that is designed to permit employees to acquire or improve

skills in the 14 selected occupations. Training could be

given on the job, in a classroom or especially equipped

training site, or, as in an apprenticeship program, through a

combination of on-the-job experience and related classroom

training.

Training was differentiated from work experience as a

source of learning by specifying that training required an

instructor, whereas experience rested solely upon the activity of the learner. Teaching machines and programmed

learning devices could substitute for a human instructor.

However, a supervisor or a fellow employee providing instruction incidental to his or her main responsibilities was

not defined as an instructor. In those instances, time spent

on the job during a learning period was defined as work

experience and not training. Training must also have had an

identifiable plan designed to develop a worker’s skill or

level of competence. Excluded from the definition of training were courses and programs not primarily concerned

with teaching occupational skills, such as safety orientation,

company policies and practices, and supervisory or management practices.

Training was classified as either qualifying training or

skill improvement training. Qualifying training was defined

as “training given to qualify newly hired or other employees for work in an occupation.” Skill improvement

training was defined as “training given to improve the skills

of a worker in the occupation in which he or she is currently employed.”

Specific definitions also were provided for on-the-job

training (OJT) and off-production-site training (OPST).

On-the-job training was defined as a training process that

3Felician F. Foltman, New York State School of Industrial and

Labor Relations, Cornell University; Gary B. Hansen, Department of

Economics, Utah State University; and Karl R. Kunze, Kunze Associates, Ventura, California.

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takes place prim arily on the job during actual production

operations. OJT may include instruction given off the production site. Apprenticeship training was to be reported in

the qualifying-OJT category. O ff-production-site training

was defined as a training process that usually takes place in

a training facility such as a classroom or especially equipped

site used primarily for training and operated by the company, either on or off the firm’s premises, or by other

organizations such as a technical institute, community college, or university. Training at a facility not operated by the

firm was included in the survey only if the company paid

part of the training cost or the employee’s wages during

class time.

Data collection

Data were collected during 1975 and early 1976 on

training provided by employers during 1974. Collection was

primarily by mail, supplemented by some personal visits.

(See appendix B for additional information.)

Reliability

Statistical results of the survey should be used as indicators of general magnitude rather than as precise measures

because standard errors were quite high.4 In many cases the

standard error was more than one-half the estimate. In

general, the standard error of estimates for large establishments was lower than the standard error of estimates for

small establishments.

High standard errors were expected, however, because of

the small size of the measured variable and the small proportion of establishments providing training. The data

nevertheless are useful because little or no information on

employer training was available before the survey.

4 The standard error measures the variation that may occur by

chance because a sample is surveyed rather than the universe. (For

further discussion and standard error table, see appendix B.)

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Highlights

*Only 15 percent of all establishments in the four metalworking industries selected provided structured occupational training in the 14 occupations studied in 1974.

*The proportion of establishments offering structured

training generally increased as employment size increased.

*Establishments with 1,000 employees or more accounted for 44 percent of all enrollments in structured

training.

*Nearly one-half of the 133,700 workers enrolled in

structured training in the 14 occupations received training

in the machinist and welder occupations.

*Only about 5 percent of all establishments with no

structured training in the selected occupations provided

training in other occupations.

*The 77,700 employees completing structured training

in the selected occupations in 1974 represented about 6 

percent of total January 1975 employment in those occupations in the industries studied. Ratios ranged from 11

percent for welders to 2 percent for patternmakers.

* About 71 percent of all structured training was conducted to qualify employees for work in an occupation

whereas 29 percent was conducted to improve skills of

workers in current jobs.

*More than two-thirds of all structured occupational

training was provided on the job.

*Welders was the only occupation with more training off

the production site than on the job.

*Enrollments in registered apprenticeship programs accounted for about 46 percent of qualifying on-the-job training in the 14 occupations.

*On-the-job programs were of much longer duration

than programs held off the production site.

*Establishments provided training primarily because

they felt job skills could best be taught in their own training programs and because the education and/or training

background of their employees was inadequate.

*Employee interest in an occupation was the primary

factor used to select employees for training.

*Employees in about three-fifths of the establishments

providing structured training in the 14 occupations were

promoted upon satisfactory completion of the training.

* About one-fifth of the establishments with structured

training did not maintain records of their employees’ training experience; most were small establishments.

*About three-fourths of the establishments providing

structured training periodically evaluated their programs.

Of these, four-fifths used supervisory feedback as an evaluation method.

*Many companies used both their own and outside facilities for training. About 94 percent used company-owned

facilities; 43 percent used other facilities.

*Only 2 percent of the 99,300 training instructors

taught full time.

* About five-sixths of the establishments with training

did not have a specific budget allocation for training.

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Chapter 1. Occupational Training in 1974

Summary

Only 15 percent of all establishments in the four selected metalworking industries provided structured training in

one of the 14 occupations or more in 1974. Structured

training was more prevalent in large establishments; the proportion of establishments offering training generally increased as establishment employment size increased. For

example, about one-fourth of the establishments with 250

to 499 employees provided structured training in the occupations, compared to nearly two-fifths of those with 500 to

999 employees and one-half of those with 1 ,000 or more

(table 1).

The proportion of establishments that provided structured training varied by industry. About 18 percent of the

establishments in the machinery, except electrical, industry

reported this training compared with 12 percent in fabricated metal products, 12 percent in electrical machinery, and

10 percent in transportation equipment. Within an industry, the proportion of establishments offering training generally increased as employment size increased.

Of 133,700 employees enrolled in training in the 14

occupations in 1974, about 25 percent were being trained

as welders, nearly 25 percent as machinists, and between 5

and 10 percent each as sheet-metal workers, electricians,

tool and die makers, and maintenance mechanics. Only

three of the remaining occupations accounted for more

than 3 percent of the enrollees (table 2).

Table 2. Enrollments and completions: By occupation

(N um ber and percent d istrib utio n o f em ployees in structured

training in selected in dustries1, 197 4 )

Enrollments Completions

Occupation

Number Percent Number Percent

Total,

selected

occupations................. 133,700 100.0 77,737 100.0

Crane, derrick, and

hoist operator ........................ 1,964 1.5 1,838 2.4

Electrician...................................... 11,398 8.5 6,385 8.2

Electroplater................................. 1,777 1.3 1,109 1.4

Filer, grinder, buffer,

etc................................................ 4,123 3.1 2,648 3.4

Layout worker, metal .............. 3,443 2.6 2,452 3.2

Machine tool s e tte r..................... 4,490 3.4 3,481 4.5

Machinist ...................................... 31,431 23.5 15,447 19.9

Mechanic, maintenance.............. 7,419 5.5 4,112 5.3

M illw righ t...................................... 3,588 2.7 861 1.1

Patternmaker, metal/

w o o d ........................................ 1,829 1.4 318 .4

Plumber and/or pipefitter ........................................ 6,024 4.5 3,066 3.9

Sheet-metal w o rker..................... 12,138 9.1 8,483 10.9

Tool and die m aker..................... 10,250 7.7 2,728 3.5

Welder and flamecutter ......................................... 33,827 25.3 24,811 31.9

1 Fabricated m etal products; m achinery, except electricalelectrical m achinery; and tran sp ortation equipm en t.

N O T E : Because o f rounding, sums of individual item s m ay not

equal totals.

Table 1. Establishments: By size and industry

(Establishm ents providing structured training fo r selected occupations as a percent of all establishm ents in industry, 1974)

Size

Total,

selected

industries

Fabricated

metal

products

Machinery,

except

electrical

Electrical

machinery

Transportation

equipment

Total providing training .......................... 14.7 12.3 18.2 11.7 10.4

1-19 employees............................................................ 9.2 5.7 13.5 _ 5.4

20-49 em ployees......................................................... 21.4 18.1 31.5 8.1 6.1

50-99 em ployees......................................................... 16.5 17.2 15.7 18.6 13.2

100-249 em ployees..................................................... 18.7 20.5 20.1 15.7 16.3

250-499 em ployees..................................................... 26.5 29.0 21.1 34.0 19.3

500-900 em ployees.................................................... 37.9 63.9 29.9 29.9 32.8

1,000 employees or more ......................................... 50.4 64.2 44.9 41.5 72.9

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Table 3. Enrollments and completions: By industry

(N um ber and percent d istrib utio n o f em ployees in structured

training in selected occupations, 1 9 7 4 )

Enrollments Completions

Industry

Number Percent Number

Percent

Total,

selected

industries..................... 133,700 100.0 77,737 100.0

Fabricated metal

products................................... 26,667 19.9 15,642 20.1

Machinery, except

electrical ................................. 48,129 36.0 26,643 34.3

Electrical m achinery................... 13,588 10.2 7,019 9.0

Transportation equipment ......................................... 45,316 33.9 28,433 36.6

About 77,700 employees completed training, or about

58 percent of those enrolled. The occupational distribution

of employees who completed programs was about the same

as that of enrollees.

The machinery, except electrical, industry accounted for

36 percent of the enrollees in the surveyed industries; transportation equipment, 34 percent; fabricated metal products, 2 0 percent; and electrical machinery, 10 percent.

The distribution of completions by industry was similar to

that of enrollments (table 3).

Enrollments and completions by industry

Enrollments for training in specific occupations varied

widely by industry (table 4). Enrollments for plumber and/

or pipefitter, sheet-metal worker, millwright, metal layout

worker, welder, and electrician were largest in the transportation equipment industry, amounting to roughly one-half

to two-thirds of all workers in training for these occupations. The machinery industry (except electrical) employed

tlie largest number of trainees enrolled as patternmakers,

machinists, tool and die makers, maintenance mechanics,

and filers and grinders. The fabricated metal products industry was the primary employer of those enrolled in electroplater, crane operator, and machine tool setter programs.

The electrical machinery industry was not the primary employer of enrollees in any of the selected occupations. Generally, the same industries that employed the most trainees

in particular occupations also had the most workers complete programs in those occupations. (See appendix tables

A-2 to A-l 1).

Purpose of training

Employees enrolled in qualifying training programs outnumbered those enrolled in skill improvement programs. Of

the 133,700 employees enrolled in structured occupational

training in 1974, about 95,000, or 71 percent, received

qualifying training. Among the four industries, the proportion of enrollees who received qualifying training ranged

from 77 percent in transportation equipment to 59 percent

in electrical machinery (table 5). The range among the 14

occupations was considerably broader. About 92 percent of

the enrollees in tool-and-die-maker programs received qualifying training compared with only 56 percent in maintenance mechanic programs (table 6 ).

Table 4. Enrollments and completions: By occupation and industry

(Percent d istrib utio n of em ployees in structured training, 1 9 7 4 )

Occupation

Enrollments Completions

Total

Fabricated

metal

products

Machinery

except

electrical

Electrical

machinery

Transportation

equipment

Total

Fabricated

metal

products

Machinery

except

electrical

Electrical

machinery

Transportation

equipment

Total, selected occupations .......................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Crane, derrick, and hoist operator................................. 1.5 3.2 1.4 .9 .6 2.4 4.9 2.6 1.8 .9

Electrician............................................................................ 8.5 5.9 3.3 20.6 12.1 8.2 5.2 1.2 24.2 12.5

Electroplater....................................................................... 1.3 4.4 .2 2.5 .4 1.4 4.2 .3 4.0 .4

Filer, grinder, buffer, e tc .................................................. 3.1 3.6 3.6 1.3 2.8 3.4 3.7 3.9 2.4 3.0

Layout worker, m e ta l...................................................... 2.6 3.1 1.4 1.0 4.0 3.2 4.2 2.1 1.6 3.9

Machine tool s e tter........................................................... 3.4 5.5 2.9 2.9 2.7 4.5 6.8 3.7 3.6 4.2

Machinist ............................................................................ 23.5 15.5 42.6 28.7 6.4 19.9 8.1 41.5 26.3 4.5

Mechanic, maintenance.................................................... 5.5 10.1 6.8 4.5 1.8 5.3 9.7 7.3 2.6 1.6

M illw righ t............................................................................ 2.7 3.3 1.0 2.1 4.3 1.1 1.1 .3 2.3 1.5

Patternmaker, metal/wood ............................................. 1.4 .2 3.3 .3 .3 .4 .2 .9 .5 .1

Plumber and/or p ip e fitter............................................... 4.5 2.5 2.4 2.8 8.5 3.9 .3 3.4 1.0 7.1

Sheet-metal w o rker........................................................... 9.1 5.0 3.2 11.6 17.0 10.9 4.2 3.4 11.0 21.6

Tool and die m aker........................................................... 7.7 8.5 11.4 12.3 1.8 3.5 3.9 5.8 4.1 1.0

Welder and flam ecutter.................................................... 25.3 29.2 16.5 8.6 37.3 31.9 43.5 23.6 14.4 37.6

N O T E : Because o f rounding, sums of individual items m ay not equal totals.

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Table 5. Enrollments and completions: By purpose of training and industry

(Percent d istrib utio n of employees in structured training in selected occupations, 1 9 7 4 )

Industry

Enrollments Completions

Total Qualifying

training

Skill

improvement

training

Total Qualifying

training

Skill

improvement

training

Total, selected industries.................................................. 100.0 71.0 29.0 100.0 64.0 36.0

Fabricated metal products ................................................................ 100.0 74.7 25.3 100.0 65.6 34.4

Machinery, except electrical .............................................................. 100.0 66.5 33.5 100.0 59.5 40.5

Electrical m achinery............................................................................ 100.0 59.3 40.7 100.0 51.2 48.8

Transportation equipment ................................................................. 100.0 77.1 22.9 100.0 70.6 29.4

Sixty-four percent of the trainees completed qualifying

training programs compared with 36 percent of those in

skill improvement programs.

Type of training

Employees receiving on-the-job training outnumbered

those receiving off-production-site training. Of the 133,700

employees receiving structured training, 69 percent were

enrolled in on-the-job training programs and 31 percent in

off-production-site programs. Of the 77,700 who completed structured programs, 58 percent were in OJT and 42

percent in OPST (table 7).

On-the-job training predominated in three of the four

metalworking industries. In electrical machinery, 8 8 percent of the enrollees and 85 percent of those completing

training received on-the-job training. Ratios for the fabricated metal products industry were 81 percent for enrollees

and 71 percent for those completing training; and for machinery, except electrical, 77 percent and 67 percent. In

transportation equipment, on the other hand, off-production-site training accounted for more trainees than OJT.

About 54 percent of the enrollees and 65 percent of the

completions received OPST.

OJT accounted for particularly large proportions of

trainees (more than 90 percent) in programs for tool and

die maker, millwright, crane operator, electroplater, filer

and grinder, and patternmaker. Welder was the only occupation for which a greater proportion (58 percent) of enrollees received training off the production site (table 8 ).

About 73 percent of the enrollees in qualifying training

were in OJT programs. This ratio ranged from 97 percent in

electrical machinery to 47 percent in transportation equipment. A lower proportion of the enrollees in skill improvement training were in OJT programs. About 74 percent of

the skill improvement training enrollees in electrical equipment received OJT but only 43 percent in transportation

equipment (table 9).

On-the-job programs accounted for three-fifths of the

qualifying completions and slightly more than one-half of

Table 6. Enrollments and completions: by purpose of training and occupation

(Percent distrib utio n of em ployees in structured training in selected industries1 , 1 9 7 4 )

Occupation

Enrollments Completions

Total Qualifying

training

Skill

improvement

training

Total Qualifying

training

Skill

improvement

training

Total, selected occupations ............................................. 100.0 71.0 29.0 100.0 64.0 36.0

Crane, derrick, and hoist operator.................................................... 100.0 78.4 21.6 100.0 77.9 22.1

Electrician............................................................................................... 100.0 63.1 36.9 100.0 49.5 50.5

Electroplater.......................................................................................... 100.0 82.7 17.3 100.0 83.4 16.5

Filer, grinder, buffer, e tc ..................................................................... 100.0 79.0 21.0 100.0 76.5 23.5

Layout worker, m e ta l.......................................................................... 100.0 75.2 24.8 100.0 69.9 30.1

Machine tool sette r.............................................................................. 100.0 69.7 30.3 100.0 65.1 34.9

Machinist ............................................................................................... 100.0 65.9 34.1 100.0 66.7 33.3

Mechanic, maintenance....................................................................... 100.0 55.6 44.4 100.0 33.5 66.5

M illw righ t............................................................................................... 100.0 78.0 22.0 100.0 80.4 19.6

Patternmaker, metal/wood ................................................................. 100.0 87.6 12.4 100.0 77.4 22.6

Plumber and/or p ip e fitter................................................................... 100.0 79.7 20.3 100.0 68.2 31.8

Sheet-metal w o rker............................................................................... 100.0 75.3 24.7 100.0 73.3 26.7

Tool and die m aker............................................................................... 100.0 91.5 8.5 100.0 78.0 22.0

Welder and flam ecutter........................................................................ 100.0 68.7 31.3 100.0 61.2 38.8

fa b r ic a te d m etal products; m achinery, except electrical; N O T E : Because of rounding, sums o f individual item s may no t

electrical m achinery; and tran sp ortation eq u ip m en t. equal totals.

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Table 7. Enrollments and completions: By type of training and industry

(N um ber and percent d istrib utio n of em ployees in structured training in selected occupations, 197 4 )

Industry

Enrollments Completions

Total On-the-job

training

Off-productionsite training

Total On-the-job

training

Off-productionsite training

Number

Total, selected industries...................................... 133,700 91,713 41,987 77,737 44,922 32,815

Fabricated metal products .................................................... 26,667 21,712 4,955 15,642 11,157 4,485

Machinery, except electrical.................................................. 48,129 37,161 10,968 26,643 17,936 8,708

Electrical machinery................................................................ 13,588 11,914 1,674 7,019 5,970 1,049

Transportation equipment .................................................... 45,316 20,925 24,391 28,433 9,860 18,573

Percent distribution

Total, selected industries...................................... 100.0 68.6 31.4 100.0 57.8 42.2

Fabricated metal products .................................................... 100.0 81.4 18.6 100.0 71.3 28.7

Machinery, except electrical.................................................. 100.0 77.2 22.8 100.0 67.3 32.7

Electrical machinery................................................................ 100.0 87.7 12.3 100.0 85,1 14.9

Transportation equipment .................................................... 100.0 46.2 53.8 100.0 34.7 65.3

N O T E : Because o f rounding, sums of individual items may no t equal totals.

the skill improvement completions. The pattern of completions among industries was similar to that of enrollments

(table 1 0 .)

By occupation, trainees in qualifying and skill improvement programs enrolled in on-the-job programs or off production-site programs varied widely. Most occupations had

higher proportions of enrollments and completions in OJT

programs for both purposes of training. Only welders had

higher enrollments in OPST training for both qualifying and

skill improvement training. In addition, electricians, metal

layout workers, and patternmakers had higher OPST enrollments in skill improvement programs (tables 11 and 12 ).

Registered apprentices

Qualifying on-the-job programs included about 31,900

trainees enrolled in registered apprenticeship programs.

Registered apprentices, therefore, accounted for about 46

percent of total enrollments in those programs. Similarly,

qualifying OJT programs included about 8,400 workers

Table 8. Enrollments and completions: By type of training and occupation

(Percent d istrib utio n of em ployees in structured training in selected industries1 , 1 9 7 4 )

Occupation

Enrollments Completions

Total On-the-job

training

Off-productionsite training

Total On-the-job*

training

Off-productionsite training

Total, selected occupations................................. 100.0 68.6 31.4 100.0 57.8 42.2

Crane, derrick, and hoist operator ...................................... 100.0 92.1 7.9 100.0 92.5 7.5

Electrician ................................................................................. 100.0 62.0 38.0 100.0 44.8 55.2

Electroplater ............................................................................ 100.0 91.9 8.1 100.0 88.6 11.4

Filer, grinder, buffer, etc......................................................... 100.0 91.4 8.7 100.0 89.7 10.2

Layout worker, m etal.............................................................. 100.0 52.5 47.5 100.0 47.2 52.8

Machine tool setter.................................................................. 100.0 82.2 17.8 100.0 78.3 21.7

M achinist................................................................................... 100.0 79.2 20.8 100.0 69.5 30.5

Mechanic, maintenance ......................................................... 100.0 83.3 16.7 100.0 74.3 25.7

Millwright................................................................................... 100.0 92.2 7.8 100.0 72.9 26.9

Patternmaker, m etal/w ood.................................................... 100.0 90.8 9.2 100.0 86.2 13.8

Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................................... 100.0 66.5 33.5 100.0 44.5 55.5

Sheet-metal worker ................................................................ 100.0 68.2 31.8 100.0 60.6 39.4

Tool and die maker ................................................................ 100.0 92.7 7.3 100.0 86.9 13.1

Welder and flamecutter ......................................................... 100.0 41.8 58.2 100.0 38.5 61.5

fa b r ic a te d m etal products; m achinery, except electrical; N O T E : Because of rounding, sums of individual item s may not

electrical m achinery; and tran sp ortation equipm en t. equal totals.

7

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Table 9. Enrollments in qualifying and skill improvement training: By type of training and industry

(Percent d istrib utio n of em ployees in structured trainin g in selected occupations, 1 9 7 4 )

Industry

Q ualifying training S kill im provem ent training

T otal O n-the-job

training

O ff-p ro ­

du ctio nsite train in g

T otal O n-the-job

training

O ff-p ro ­

d u ctio n - 

site training

T o ta l, selected in d u s trie s ........................................ 100.0 72.9 27.1 100.0 58.1 41.9

Fabricated metal p ro d u c ts ........................................................ 100.0 89.1 10.9 100.0 58.7 41.3

M achinery, except e le c tric a l..................................................... 100.0 84.6 15.4 100.0 62.5 37.5

Electrical m a c h in e ry .................................................................... 100.0 97.2 2.7 100.0 73.7 26.3

T ransportation e q u ip m e n t........................................................ 100.0 47.2 52.8 100.0 42.7 57.3

N O T E : Because o f roun din g, sums o f individual item s m ay n o t equal totals.

Table 10. Completions of qualifying and skill improvement training: By type of training and industry

(Percent distrib u tio n of em ployees in structured trainin g in selected occupations, 1 9 7 4 )

Industry

Q ualifying training S kill im provem ent training

T otal O n-the-job

training

O ff-p ro ­

du ctio nsite train in g

T otal O n-the-job

training

O ff-p ro ­

du ctio nsite train in g

T o ta l, selected in d u s trie s ........................................ 100.0 60.8 39.2 100.0 52.5 47.5

Fabricated metal p ro d u c ts ....................................................... 100.0 82.1 17.9 100.0 50.9 49.1

M achinery, except e le c tric a l..................................................... 100.0 74.0 26.0 100.0 57.5 42.5

Electrical m a c h in e ry .................................................................... 100.0 94.9 5.1 100.0 74.7 25.3

T ransportation e q u ip m e n t....................................................... 100.0 33.3 66.7 100.0 38.0 62.0

Table 11. Enrollments in qualifying and skill improvement training: By type of training and occupation

(Percent distrib u tio n of em ployees in structured trainin g in selected industries1 , 1 97 4 )

O ccupation

Q ualifying training S kill im provem ent training

T otal O n-the-job

training

O ff-prod uctionsite training

Total O n-the-job

training

O ff-p ro ­

du ctio nsite train in g

T o ta l, selected o c c u p a tio n s ................................... 100.0 72.9 27.1 100.0 58.1 41.9

Crane, d e rrick, and hoist operator ........................................ 100.0 97.1 2.9 100.0 73.6 26.4

Electrician ..................................................................................... 100.0 70.1 29.9 100.0 48.1 51.9

E lectroplater ................................................................................ 100.0 96.7 3.3 100.0 69.2 31.2

F iler, grinder, b u ffe r, e tc............................................................. 100.0 96.8 3.2 100.0 70.9 29.1

L a yout w o rke r, m e ta l................................................................. 100.0 54.7 45.3 100.0 45.7 54.2

Machine to o l s e tte r...................................................................... 100.0 84.1 16.0 100.0 77.9 22.1

M a c h in is t........................................................................................ 100.0 82.8 17.2 100.0 72.1 27.9

M echanic, maintenance ............................................................ 100.0 96.3 3.7 100.0 66.9 33.1

M illw r ig h t................................................................................... . . 100.0 92.1 7.9 100.0 92.3 7.7

Patternm aker, m etal /w o o d ....................................................... 100.0 100.0 - 100.0 26.4 74.0

Plum ber and/or p ip e fitte r .......................................................... 100.0 62.3 37.7 100.0 82.9 17.1

Sheet-metal w o rker .................................................................... 100.0 68.8 31.2 100.0 66.2 33.8

Tool and die m aker .................................................................... 100.0 95.4 4.6 100.0 63.9 36.1

Welder and flam e c u t t e r ............................................................ 100.0 45.2 54.8 100.0 34.2 65.8

fa b r ic a te d m etal products; m ach in ery, except electrical; N O T E : Because o f rounding, sums o f individual item s m ay not

electrical m achinery; and tran sp ortation e q u ip m en t. equal totals.

8

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Table 12. Completions of qualifying and skill improvement training: By type of training and occupation

(Percent d istrib utio n of em ployees in structured training in selected industries,1 1 9 7 4 )

O ccupation

Q ualifying training S kill im provem ent training

Total O n-the-job

training

O ff-p ro ­

du ctio nsite training

Total O n-the-job

training

O ff-p ro ­

du ctio nsite training

T o ta l, selected o c c u p a tio n s ................................... 100.0 60.8 39.2 100.0 52.5 47.5

Crane, d e rrick, and hoist operator ........................................ 100.0 98.2 1.8 100.0 72.4 27.6

Electrician ..................................................................................... 100.0 40.9 59.1 100.0 48.6 51.4

E lectroplater ................................................................................ 100.0 96.4 3.5 100.0 48.9 51.1

F iler, grinder, b u ffe r, etc .......................................................... 100.0 95.7 4.2 100.0 70.2 29.8

Layout w o rker, m e ta l................................................................. 100.0 47.1 52.9 100.0 47.4 52.6

Machine to o l s e tte r...................................................................... 100.0 77.9 22.1 100.0 79.0 21.0

M a c h in is t........................................................................................ 100.0 70.2 29.8 100.0 68.2 31.8

Mechanic, maintenance ............................................................ 100.0 92.0 8.0 100.0 65.4 34.6

M illw r ig h t........................................................................................ 100.0 75.1 24.9 100.0 63.9 36.1

Patternm aker, m e ta l/w o o d ....................................................... 100.0 100.0 - 100.0 38.9 61.1

Plumber and/or p ip e fitte r .......................................................... 100.0 27.6 72.4 100.0 80.5 19.5

Sheet-metal w o rker .................................................................... 100.0 58.9 41.1 100.0 65.1 34.9

Tool and die maker .................................................................... 100.0 97.5 2.5 100.0 49.5 50.5

Welder and flam ecutter ............................................................ 100.0 43.2 56.8 100.0 31.1 68.9

1 Fabricated m etal products; m achinery, except electrical;

electrical m achinery; and tran sp ortation equipm en t.

completing apprenticeships, or about 28 percent of completions in those programs. Two occupations—tool and die 

maker, and machinist—accounted for nearly one-half of the 

apprentice enrollments (47 percent) and apprentice completions (44 percent).

Registered apprentices accounted for a very high proportion of trainees in some occupations. Between 70 and 90 

percent of trainees for the following occupations were in 

registered apprenticeship programs: Tool and die maker, 

plumber, electrician, and millwright (table 13).

Table 13. Apprenticeship enrollments and completions:

By occupation

(Em ployees in registered apprenticeship program s as a percent

o f all em ployees in q u alifyin g on -the-job trainin g in selected

industries1 , 1 974)

O ccupation E nrollm ents C om pletions

T o ta l, selected

o c c u p a tio n s ................................. 46.0 27.7

Crane, derrick, and hoist

o p e ra to r..................................................... 0.3 0.3

E le c tric ia n ....................................................... 71.7 46.9

E le c tro p la te r.................................................. 40.4 42.7

Filer, grinder, b u ffe r, e t c ............................ 4.3 3.1

Layout w o rker, m e t a l................................ 38.3 15.5

M achine to o l s e tte r ...................................... 34.8 37.0

M achinist ....................................................... 42.7 27.6

Mechanic, m a in te n a n ce .............................. 38.3 13.4

M illw r ig h t....................................................... 70.5 34.8

Patternm aker, m etal/w ood ....................... 59.7 54.8

Plumber and/or p ip e fitte r ......................... 85.7 77.0

Sheet-metal w o r k e r ...................................... 34.7 26.9

Tool and die m a k e r...................................... 87.0 83.1

Welder and fla m e c u tte r.............................. 18.2 14.0

1 Fabricated m etal products; m achinery, except electrical;

electrical m achinery; and tran sp ortation equipm en t.

N O T E : Because of rounding, sums of individual item s m ay not

equal totals.

Length of training

On-the-job training programs were of much longer duration than off-production-site training programs. About 

two-thirds of the employees receiving qualifying OJT were 

in programs of 1 year duration or longer (a training program of 1,041-2,080 hours is usually considered a 1-year 

program). By comparison, one-half of the employees receiving qualifying OPST were in programs that lasted no 

more than 120 hours, and one-half of those receiving skill 

improvement OPST were in programs that lasted no more 

than 80 hours (tables 14 and 15).

Table 14. On-the-job training: By duration

(Percent d istrib utio n of em ployees in structured training

in selected occupations and selected industries,1 1 974)

D uration Q ualifying

training

Skill

im provem ent

training

T ota l, all on-thejob training programs ............................................... 100.0 100.0

1-80 hours ....................................................... 5.9 24.0

81-160 hours .................................................. 6.0 13.4

161-320 hours ................................................ 8.4 8.9

321-520 hours ................................................ 2.6 7.1

521-1,040 h o u rs ............................................. 10.5 6.7

1,041-2,080 hours ........................................ 8.4 2.8

2,081-4,160 hours ........................................ 9.5 29.9

4,161-6,240 hours ........................................ 11.9 2.7

6,241-8,320 hours ........................................ 29.4 4.0

Over 8,320 h o u r s ........................................... 7.4 .5

1 Fabricated metal products; m achinery except electrical; 

electrical m achinery; and transportation equipm ent.

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Table 15. Off-production-site training: By duration

(Percent distrib u tio n of em ployees in structured training in selected occupations and

selected industries,1 197 4 )

D uration Q ualifying

training

S kill

im provem ent

training

T o ta l, all o ff-p ro d u ctio n -

site training programs ................................... 100.0 100.0

1—40 hours ................................................................................ 8.7 17.9

41-80 h o u r s ................................................................................. 7.5 31.8

81 -120 h o u r s .............................................................................. 34.3 14.4

121-160 h o u r s ............................................................................ 14.3 29.4

161-200 h o u r s ........................................................................... 1.0 1.2

201-240 h o u r s ........................................................................... 3.3 .3

241-520 h o u r s ........................................................................... 24.9 2.2

521-1 040 hours ...................................................................... 3.0 2.8

Over 1,040 h o u rs ...................................................................... 3.0

1 Fabricated m etal products; m achinery, except electrical; electrical m ach in ery; and tran sp ortation

equipm en t.

1 0

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Chapter 2. Employers’ Reasons for Training Decisions

Why training was provided

Employers providing structured occupational training 

for any of the 14 occupations were asked to indicate the 

reasons that influenced their decision to provide such training from the following list: (1) Necessary job skills can best 

be learned through company training program; (2) a tight 

labor market is anticipated for these job skills; (3) occupational training is consistent with employee's career development needs; (4) production methods have changed, are 

changing, or are expected to change, and accordingly, new 

skills must be developed by employees; (5) employees have 

inadequate educational and/or training backgrounds; and 

(6) other reasons. Employers could choose more than one 

reason but also were asked to indicate the primary reason.

The reason most frequently given by employers for providing training was that necessary job skills could best be 

learned through the employer’s own training programs. 

About two-thirds of the establishments reported this as a 

reason, and about one-third recorded it as the primary reason (table 16). Inadequate educational and/or training 

backgrounds of employees was mentioned as a reason by 

about one-half of the establishments and as the primary 

reason by about one-fourth. Although one-third of the establishments indicated employees’ career development 

needs as a reason for training, relatively few gave this as a 

primary reason. Relatively few establishments stated that 

training was given because production methods had 

changed or were expected to change. Almost one-fifth of 

the establishments cited “other reasons” for having structured training, and about one-eighth indicated these were 

primary reasons. In general, the pattern was similar among 

industries.

Why training was not provided

Employers not providing structured training related to 

any of the selected occupations were asked to indicate the 

reasons that influenced their decision not to provide such 

training from the following list: (1) Informal training satisfies needs; (2) prefer to recruit trained workers; (3) few 

skilled jobs—structured training is unnecessary; (4) production process shifts tasks away from skilled to lesser skilled 

workers who are already available; (5) cost of structured 

training is prohibitive; (6) risk of training employees and 

then losing them to other firms is too great;

(7) establishment does not have the capability to provide 

structured training; and (8) other reasons. Employers could 

select more than one reason but also were asked to indicate 

the primary reason for not providing structured training.

More than one-half of the establishments not providing 

structured training reported that informal training satisfied 

their needs, and about one-third indicated that this was the 

primary reason for not having structured training (table 

17). About three-eighths of the establishments revealed that 

structured training was unnecessary because they had only 

a few skilled jobs, and nearly one-fifth cited this as the 

primary reason. Almost three-tenths of the establishments 

preferred to recruit trained workers, and nearly one-sixth 

indicated this as the primary reason for not providing structured training. Although about one-fourth of the establishments stated that they did not have training capability, 

only one-tenth declared this as the primary reason for not 

providing structured training. Relatively few establishments 

were influenced by the following reasons: Cost of structured training is prohibitive; the risk of training employees 

and losing them to other firms is too great; or the production process shifts tasks away from skilled to lesser skilled 

workers who are already available. About one-sixth of the 

establishments had “other reasons” for not providing structured training, and about the same proportion indicated 

that these were primary. In general, the reasons for not 

providing training were similar across the selected industries.

Establishments not providing training in any of the 14 

selected occupations were asked if they provided training in 

any other occupation. Only 5 percent of the establishments 

reported such training but the proportion increased significantly with establishment size, as shown in the following 

tabulation:

Size o f Percen t pro viding train ing

establishment in other occupations

A ll establishments not providing

structured training in

selected o c c u p a tio n s ............................ 4.8

1-19 employees .............................. 3.3

20-49 employees ............................ 4.0

50-99 e m p lo y e e s ............................ 4.2

100-249 e m p lo y e e s ....................... 12.4

250-499 e m p lo y e e s ....................... 12.8

500-999 e m p lo y e e s ....................... 18.1

1,000 employees or more .......... 25.2

11

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(Establishm ents reporting reason as a percent of all establishm ents providing structured trainin g in selected occupations, 197 4 )

Table 16. Reasons for providing structured training: By industry

Reason

T o ta l,

selected

industries

Fabricated

metal

products

M achinery,

except

electrical

Electrical

m achinery

T ransportation

equipm ent

T otal providing tr a in in g ...............................................................

A ll reasons:1

Necessary jo b skills can best be learned

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

through com pany training program ............................................. 66.4 60.8 72.1 58.4 54.1

T igh t labor m arket is anticipated fo r these job

s k ills .......................................................................................................... 45.0 45.2 47.4 44.9 25.7

O ccupational train in g is consistent w ith employee's

career developm ent n e e ds..................................................................

P roduction m ethods have changed, are changing, 

or are expected to change. A cco rd in g ly, new skills

33.0 30.9 33.0 43.7 26.1

m ust be developed by employees ................................................

Employees have inadequate educational a n d /o r 

training backgrounds and, therefore, require

10.9 11.4 9.9 15.7 9.8

com pany tr a in in g ................................................................................. 51.4 36.3 58.0 51.9 55.7

O t h e r .......................................................................................................

Prim ary reason:

Necessary jo b skills can best be learned through

18.1 27.9 12.3 28.1 12.6

com pany train in g p ro g ra m ............................................................... 35.3 41.2 33.0 36.7 29.2

T ig h t labor m arket is anticipated fo r these

jo b s k ills .................................................................................................. 19.6 19.5 20.6 17.6 14.0

O ccupational train in g is consistent w ith employee's

career developm ent ne e ds.................................................................

P roduction m ethods have changed, are changing, or 

are expected to change. A cco rd in g ly, new skills

6.1 7.8 6.3 2.8 2.2

m ust be developed by e m p lo y e e s ..................................................

Employees have inadequate educational and /o r 

train in g backgrounds and, therefore, require

1.5 1.2 1.1 4.6 2.0

com pany trainin g. 25.4 11.0 31.0 20.8 42.2

O ther ....................................................................................................... 12.1 19.3 7.9 17.5 10.4

1 D ata appearing under "all reasons" categories are nonadditive; N O T E : Because o f rounding, sums o f individual item s m ay n o t

m any establishm ents listed m ore than one reason fo r providing equal totals,

structured occupational training.

12

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Table 17. Reasons for not providing structured training: By industry

(Establishm ents reporting reason as a percent of all establishm ents n o t providing structured training in selected occupations, 1 974)

Reason

T ota l,

selected

industries

Fabricated

metal

products

M achinery,

except

electrical

Electrical

m achinery

Transportation

equipm ent

T o ta l, n o t providing tr a in in g ..................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

A ll reasons:1

Inform al training satisfies needs ............................................. 53.5 59.5 49.7 49.5 54.8

Prefer to recruit trained w o r k e r s ............................................. 29.2 24.8 31.4 31.7 31.0

Few skilled jobs . . . structured training is 

u n n ece ssa ry................................................................................... 37.4 44.7 29.6 44.1 38.4

P roduction process shifts tasks away from 

skilled jobs to lesser skilled w orkers w ho are 

already available ......................................................................... 8.8 9.9 6.7 12.6 9.0

Cost of structured training is p ro h ib itiv e .............................. 13.8 11.9 15.5 11.1 15.4

Risk o f training employees and then losing them 

to other firm s is to o g r e a t ....................................................... 8.5 5.9 11.7 5.4 7.5

Establishm ent does not have the capability 

to provide structured t r a in in g ................................................ 24.8 26.1 26.3 16.4 24.2

O th e r.................................................................................................. 16.7 12.0 17.9 24.1 18.5

Prim ary reason:

Inform al training satisfies needs ............................................. 33.1 41.3 26.9 32.2 33.3

Prefer to recruit trained w o r k e r s ........................................ 15.6 11.2 20.0 13.7 13.1

Few skilled jobs . . . structured training is 

unnecessary................................................................................... 18.6 20.7 15.4 23.4 19.5

Production process shifts tasks away from skilled jobs 

to lesser skilled w orkers w ho are already a v a ila b le .......... 2.5 3.7 1.5 2.5 2.5

Cost o f structured train in g is p ro h ib itiv e .............................. 3.8 4.1 3.7 2.6 4.7

Risk o f training employees and then losing them 

to other firm s is to o great ....................................................... 1.8 1.0 2.9 .1 2.0

Establishm ent does not have the capability to 

provide structured training ..................................................... 9.3 6.1 13.8 3.6 7.8

O th e r .................................................................................................. 15.3 11.9 15.8 21.9 17.0

1 D ata appearing under "all reasons" categories are nonadditive; N O T E : Because o f rounding, sums of individual items may not

m any establishm ents listed m ore than one reason fo r no t conducting equal totals,

training.

13

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Chapter 3. Trainee Selection and Benefits

Factors used to select trainees

Employers were asked to report on the factors used to 

select employees for training. Employee interest was the 

factor checked most often by employers, both for qualifying training (76 percent), and skill improvement training 

(80 percent). A favorable work record was reported as a 

selection factor by 42 percent of the establishments providing skill improvement training. The proportion of employers citing these two reasons as a factor used in selecting 

trainees was similar for establishments of all sizes (table 

18).

Tests (achievement, aptitude, etc.) were used as an employee selection factor more by establishments, particularly 

large establishments, providing qualifying training than skill 

improvement training. Length of service and affirmative 

action policies also were significant training selection factors. In general, large establishments used more selection 

criteria than small establishments.

Establishments were also requested to indicate the primary employee selection factor and “employee’s interest” 

was checked most often for both purposes of training. The 

dominance of this factor generally decreased as establishment size increased for both qualifying training and skill 

improvement (table 19).

Establishments providing training were also asked if they 

had a collective bargaining agreement that stipulated factors 

for selecting employees for structured training programs. 

Only 19 percent of all establishments said yes to this question but the positive response increased significantly by 

establishment size. Less than one-tenth of the establishments with fewer than 50 employees reported having agreements that stipulated training selection factors but about 

three-fifths of those establishments with 500 employees or 

more had such an agreement. The wide difference is caused 

by the greater likelihood of a large establishment having a 

collective bargaining agreement. The proportion of establishments with a collective bargaining agreement stipulating

Table 18. Factors used to select employees for structured training: By size of establishment and purpose of training

(Establishm ents providing structured trainin g fo r selected occupations reporting selection factors as a percent of all establishm ents

reporting structured trainin g, 1 9 7 4 )

Purpose o f training and 

selection fa cto r

A ll

establishments 

in selected 

industries1

N um ber o f employees in establishm ent

1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500-999 1,000 

or more

Q u a lifyin g train in g :

Length o f s e rv ic e ...................................... 24.5 7.9 31.3 13.7 32.9 36.5 66.7 46.8

Favorable w o rk re c o rd ............................ 37.2 28.5 35.2 44.8 51.5 41.0 58.5 53.4

To meet or fu lfill 

a ffirm a tive action 

p o lic ie s .................................................. 21.7 17.8 12.4 17.2 29.8 48.0 51.0 47.1

Em ployee's in te re s t................................. 76.2 79.0 78.6 67.6 68.5 62.7 84.2 78.3

Tests (achievement,

a p titu d e , e t c . ) ...................................... 17.1 4.0 15.3 19.8 25.2 40.7 38.2 55.0

O ther ............................................................. 18.2 22.1 8.3 26.8 20.6 19.5 22.0 33.7

S kill im provem ent training:

Length o f s e rv ic e ...................................... 24.3 3.2 30.3 42.5 35.6 24.2 41.7 42.8

Favorable w o rk re c o rd ............................ 42.1 25.3 68.2 63.3 30.0 32.4 54.4 46.5

To meet or fu lfill 

a ffirm a tive action 

p o lic ie s .................................................. 27.2 3.9 21.3 54.6 37.8 55.7 30.1 34.6

Em ployee's in te re s t................................. 80.2 100.0 100.0 68.2 49.0 49.0 72.8 75.5

Tests (achievem ent,

ap titud e , e t c . ) ...................................... 4.7 5.4 4.0 5.4 5.0 13.6 11.9

O th e r............................................................ 15.3 5.4 5.3 6.0 46.7 16.0 30.1 32.1

1 Fabricated m etal products; m ach in ery, except electrical; N O T E : Data appearing in this table are nonadditive; m any

electrical m achinery; and tran sp ortation eq u ip m en t. establishm ents selected trainees on the basis o f m ore than one

selection facto r.

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Table 19. Primary factor used to select employees for structured training: By size of establishment and

purpose of training

(Percent d istrib utio n of establishm ents providing structured training fo r selected occupations reporting a prim ary selection facto r,

197 4 )

Purpose o f training and 

selection factor

A ll

establishments 

in selected 

industries1

N um ber o f employees in establishm ent

1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500-999

1,000 or 

m ore

Q ualifying tr a in in g :............................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Length o f s e rv ic e ...................................... 8.6 1.8 11.1 6.1 12.9 13.2 24.4 17.2

Favorable w o rk re c o rd ............................ 14.1 11.9 14.6 22.4 13.6 13.2 15.3 10.9

To meet or fu lfill 

a ffirm a tive action

p o lic ie s .................................................. 9.6 13.0 6.4 2.0 4.6 24.1 13.8 5.2

Em ployee's in te re s t................................. 48.6 57.7 53.3 42.3 36.4 32.1 22.9 26.5

Tests (achievem ent,

a p titud e , e t c . ) ...................................... 6.6 4.0 5.7 4.1 15.9 5.2 8.0 23.1

O ther ............................................................ 12.5 11.6 9.0 23.1 15.3 12.1 14.7 16.5

S kill im provem ent tr a in in g :.............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Length o f s e rv ic e ...................................... 5.4 - - 1.1 24.8 4.4 8.7 10.7

Favorable w o rk re c o rd ............................ 14.8 16.0 19.6 15.1 7.6 10.2 27.2 11.9

To meet or fu lfill 

a ffirm a tive action

p o lic ie s .................................................. 12.8 - 5.3 47.2 3.3 42.0 6.8 8.8

Em ployee's in te re s t................................. 56.2 84.0 69.7 26.5 33.3 34.1 27.2 39.0

Tests (achievement,

a p titud e , e t c . ) ...................................... 1.3 — - 4.0 3.8 - - 2.5

O ther ............................................................ 9.3 - 5.3 6.0 27.3 9.3 26.2 24.5

1 Fabricated m etal products; m achinery, except electrical; N O T E : Because o f rounding, sums o f individual item s m ay not

electrical m achinery; and tran sp ortation equipm en t. equal totals.

training selection factors also differed by industry (table

20).

Benefits to employees who complete training

Employers providing training were asked about the benefits received by employees completing training. Almost 

three-fifths of the establishments reported that employees 

were promoted upon satisfactory completion. About twofifths reported that employees return to their regular jobs 

and may receive higher pay. Similarly, two-fifths indicated 

that a certificate is awarded upon completion of the training, and nearly one-eighth revealed that employees received 

some other benefit (table 21).

Different patterns of benefits were recorded by size of 

establishment between employees completing qualifying 

training and skill improvement training. For example, in 

large establishments with 500 employees or more, about 

five-sixths of employers providing qualifying training indicated employees were promoted upon completion, whereas 

in establishments of similar size offering skill improvement 

training, only about one-fourth stated that employees were 

promoted upon completion of the training. Certificates also 

were more likely to be awarded in large establishments offering qualifying training.

Table 20. Establishments having collective bargaining agreements that stipulate training selection factors:

By size of establishment and industry

(Establishm ents providing structured trainin g fo r selected occupations reporting selection factors in agreements as a percent

of all establishm ents reporting structured trainin g, 197 4 )

A ll

establishments

N um ber o f employees in establishm ent

Industry

1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500-999 1,000 

or more

T o ta l, selected

industries ............................................. 18.7 7.4 9.6 34.3 26.8 30.7 62.1 57.8

Fabricated metal p ro d u c ts ................................. 38.3 31.7 18.8 66.6 50.2 60.1 60.0 59.9

M achinery, except electrical ............................ 8.0 1.9 2.8 11.1 22.1 37.3 51.7 73.4

Electrical m achinery ........................................... 20.5 - 34.5 16.8 - 6.1 62.5 37.0

Transportation e q u ip m e n t................................. 23.9 - - 9.9 25.3 35.1 82.5 60.6

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Table 21. Benefits received by employees completing structured training: By size of establishment and purpose

of training

(Establishm ents providing structured training fo r selected occupations reporting b en efit as a percent of all establishm ents reporting

structured training, 1 9 7 4 )

Purpose o f training and 

benefit received

A ll

establishments 

in selected 

industries1

N um ber o f employees in establishm ent

1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500-999 1,000 or 

more

A ll training:

P rom otion when training is

c o m p le te d .............................................. 57.4 49.7 50.6 70.4 66.5 75.4 73.4 67.9

R eturn to regular jo b b u t may 

receive a higher pay 

r a t e .......................................................... 40.5 47.7 47.4 33.0 32.6 25.2 20.0 20.9

C om pletion ce rtifica te

awarded ................................................ 41.4 31.1 33.2 41.5 54.2 67.8 75.0 69.6

O th e r ............................................................. 11.7 16.2 6.4 7.9 10.5 10.2 17.2 19.9

Q u a lifyin g train in g :

P rom otion when train in g is

c o m p le te d ............................................. 59.4 43.8 56.6 74.2 77.9 82.0 84.4 83.1

R eturn to regular jo b b u t may 

receive a higher pay 

r a t e .......................................................... 40.6 51.7 41.7 39.3 31.8 20.6 15.4 18.2

C om pletion ce rtifica te

awarded ................................................ 43.9 39.5 34.8 42.5 52.1 60.9 79.0 74.3

O ther ............................................................. 12.1 17.9 7.8 4.7 11.9 7.9 15.6 16.4

S kill im provem ent train in g :

P rom otion when train in g is

c o m p le te d .............................................. 51.7 67.7 21.3 62.0 53.2 63.4 25.0 26.1

R eturn to regular jo b b u t may 

receive a higher pay 

r a t e .......................................................... 40.7 35.5 75.0 20.5 33.8 33.0 40.4 29.9

C om pletion ce rtifica te

awarded ................................................ 34.1 5.4 25.3 39.6 57.0 79.8 56.7 56.1

O ther ............................................................. 10.5 10.8 - 14.3 8.7 13.9 25.0 29.9

‘ Fabricated m etal products; m achinery, except electrical; N O T E : A ll colum ns are nonadditive; m any establishm ents listed

electrical m achinery; and tran sp ortation eq u ip m en t. m ore than one b en efit fo r em ployees w ho com pleted training.

Compensation for training time outside

of regular work hours

One-third of the establishments having structured occupational training programs provided training outside of regular work hours. In general, the proportion increased as the 

size of establishment increased, as seen in the following 

tabulation :

Percent o f establishments

reporting training outside

Size o f establishment regular work hours

A ll establishments in 

selected industries ........................................... 33.5

1-19 employees ............................................. 26.0

20-49 employees ........................................... 30.9

50-99 employees ........................................... 38.3

100-249 employees ...................................... 45.3

250-499 employees ...................................... 37.4

500-999 employees ...................................... 53.4

1,000 employees or m o r e ............................ 50.4

Trainees did not always get paid for time spent in training outside of regular hours. Less than one-third (30 percent) of the establishments providing such training indicated that employees were paid. In general, the proportion 

paying trainees for time spent outside of working hours did

not vary significantly by size of establishment.

Training records

About one-fifth of the establishments did not maintain 

records of their employees’ training experience. The lack of 

records appeared, to a great extent, in small establishments 

(table 22). In establishments with 1-19 employment, 36 

percent reported that no training records were maintained, 

while only 3 percent with 1,000 employees or more stated 

that records were not kept. Small establishments represented a large part of the total number not maintaining 

records, as shown in the following tabulation:

Size o f establishment Percent distribution

A ll establishments 

n o t m aintaining

re c o rd s ...................................... 100

1-49 employees ............................................. 85

50-249 employees ........................................ 13

250-999 employees ...................................... 1

1,000 employees or m o r e ............................ 1

1 6

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Table 22. Training Records: By size of establishment

(Establishm ents providing structured training for selected occupations reporting on item as a percent of all establishm ents reporting

structured trainin g, 1 9 7 4 )

Item

A ll

establishments 

in selected 

industries1

N um ber o f employees in establishm ent

1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500-999 1,000 

or more

No record m aintained ........................................ 22.4 36.2 21.5 14.3 15.6 0.6 2.0 3.0

Records m aintained by;

Personnel departm ent ............................ 37.5 12.2 40.0 36.8 61.1 82.0 75.7 72.3

Training departm ent .............................. 5.9 2.2 2.0 4.0 10.2 8.0 18.0 43.6

Payroll departm ent ................................. 18.2 17.0 20.9 25.2 22.6 6.0 6.3 11.8

Em ployee's s u p e rv is o r............................ 42.4 45.8 29.8 47.0 42.8 52.9 68.0 50.6

O th e r............................................................ 6.0 4.7 8.2 2.2 5.1 7.6 5.5 10.0

1 Fabricated metal products; m achinery, except electrical; N O T E : All colum ns are nonadditive; m any establishm ents listed

electrical m achinery; and tran sp ortation eq u ip m en t. m ore than one dep artm en t in w hich training records were

m aintained.

As expected, in small firms the employee’s supervisor 

generally maintained records. In large establishments the 

personnel department was the primary recordkeeper, although about one-half of the establishments with 1,000

employees or more offering structured occupational training also reported that the employee’s supervisor kept records. Records were also kept in training departments, primarily in large establishments.

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Chapter 4. Training Content, Facilities, and Staff

Content of training programs

Employers were asked to identify the subject matter of 

the training for the occupation for which the largest number of persons were enrolled, for both qualifying and skill 

improvement training. The most often listed training subjects were “care and use of tools and equipment”, “machine operation” , “blueprint reading/drafting”, and “trade 

mathematics” (table 23). Relatively few employers provided training in leadership, communication skills, and labor 

and materials estimating. In general, subjects were listed in 

the same order of importance for both qualifying and skill 

improvement training and for all establishment sizes.

Development of course content

The primary group helping plan the content of the training programs was department heads and supervisors. About 

three-fifths of the establishments providing training indicated that department heads and supervisors helped plan company training programs. Other groups playing a significant 

role were education specialists, union management committees, and trade associations (table 24). Union management 

committees, of course, were most prevalent in large establishments, which are more likely to have collective bargaining agreements.

Program evaluation

About three-fourths of the establishments indicated that 

management periodically evaluated company training programs. The proportion of establishments reporting periodic 

evaluations increased as establishment size increased. About 

9 out of 10 establishments with 1,000 employees or more 

periodically evaluated their training programs (table 25). 

More than four-fifths of these establishments mentioned 

supervisory feedback as an evaluation method. Only larger 

firms tend to use, to any great extent, followup studies of 

trainees, examinations, and outside evaluations by educators and consultants (table 26).

Training facilities and staff

Establishments were asked to identify the companyowned facilities or sites where training was given from the

Table 23. Subject matter of structured training:

By purpose and type of training

(Establishm ents reporting subject m atter as a percent o f all establishm ents providing structured trainin g in selected occupations, 1 9 7 4 )

Q u alifying

training

S kill

im provem ent

training

Subject m atter O nthe - 

jo b

training

O ffproductio n -

site

training

O n -

thejo b

training

O ff - 

pro d u ctio n - 

site

train in g

A ll establishm ents in selected

industries1 .................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

P roduction and q u a lity

c o n tr o l.............................. 42.9 25.1 73.7 22.1

Care and use o f tools

and e q u ip m e n t............... 91.6 ' 49.9 85.3 54.3

Trade m a th e m a tic s ............. 53.7 42.8 26.0 69.8

B lu e p rin t reading/

d ra ftin g ............................ 72.3 53.7 78.7 74.4

La yo ut and planning

p ro c e d u re s ....................... 50.9 42.0 28.1 40.6

Machine operation ............ 83.7 51.2 81.0 80.0

Estim ating labor and

m aterial requirem ents. . 14.2 5.2 11.6 14.7

Safety p ro c e d u re s ............... 82.1 39.2 58.8 38.5

Preventive m aintenance,

repair, and inspection . . 50.7 15.3 45.0 36.3

W ork a ttitu de s and

h a b its ................................. 65.6 29.4 68.3 17.2

Leadership tr a in in g ............. 7.9 3.0 10.3 4.2

C om m unication skills 12.3 10.6 13.7 6.2

O ther subject m a tte r.......... 3.2 17.2 3.9 5.2

1 Fabricated m etal products; m achinery, except electrical;

electrical m achinery; and tran sp ortation equipm ent.

N O T E : A ll colum ns are nonadditive; m any establishm ents listed

m ore than one job skill taugh t in structured occupational training

programs.

following list: The production shop of the establishment; a 

classroom in the establishment; an area of the establishment 

separate from the production shop, but equipped and designed specifically for training; and other company-owned 

facility.

Establishments also were asked to identify training facilities or sites not owned by the company: Adult vocational 

or technical schools, high schools, community colleges, 

labor union facilities, vendors’ or manufacturers’ schools, 

correspondence schools, and other non-owned training facilities.

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Table 24. Groups helping to determine subject matter of structured training: By size of establishment

( E s ta b lis h m e n ts r e p o r tin g c o n s u ltin g h e lp as a p e r c e n t o f a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g s tr u c tu r e d tr a in in g in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s , 

1 9 7 4 )

A ll

establ ishments 

in selected 

industries1

N um ber o f employees in establishm ent

Consulting group

1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500-999 1,000 

or more

Total providing training .................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Trade a s s o c ia tio n s ................................................

Vendors or m anufacturers o f plant

15.4 9.8 22.5 13.6 6.8 27.0 22.2 11.1

equipm ent ....................................................... 10.7 10.0 14.1 10.1 5.3 1.0 13.7 17.8

Union-m anagem ent c o m m itte e s ....................... 18.6 13.7 13.1 22.3 17.4 27.0 47.6 51.0

V ocational or education specialists ...............

In-plant analysis by departm ent heads

29.2 15.5 36.5 26.0 23.9 56.9 49.9 48.8

and s u p e rviso rs .................... ........................... 61.9 63.2 65.5 59.5 53.5 49.3 53.8 77.5

Consulting firm s .................................................. .6 - .5 1.5 .7 .7 .8 3.6

O ther ......................................................................... 14.0 10.8 15.2 9.4 30.5 10.4 12.6 13.1

f a b r i c a t e d m e ta l p r o d u c ts ; m a c h in e r y , e x c e p t e le c tr ic a l; N O T E : A ll c o lu m n s are n o n a d d itiv e ; m a n y e s ta b lis h m e n ts used

e le c tr ic a l m a c h in e ry ; a n d tr a n s p o r ta t io n e q u ip m e n t. m o re th a n o n e c o n s u ltin g g ro u p t o h e lp d e te r m in e th e c o u rs e

c o n t e n t o f o c c u p a tio n a l tr a in in g p ro g ra m s .

Table 25. Evaluation of training: By size of establishment

(P e rc e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g s tr u c tu r e d t r a in in g f o r s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s r e p o r tin g e v a lu a tio n o f tr a in in g , 1 9 7 4 )

Item

A ll

establishments 

in selected 

industries1

N um ber o f employees in establishment

1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500-999 1,000 

or more

Total providing training .................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Programs evaluated by management

p e rio d ic a lly ....................................................... 75.5 68.5 74.0 76.5 85.7 90.5 81.1 91.4

Programs n o t evaluated ...................................... 24.5 31.5 26.0 23.5 14.3 9.5 18.9 8.6

1 F a b ric a te d m e ta l p r o d u c ts ; m a c h in e r y , e x c e p t e le c tr ic a l; e le c tr ic a l m a c h in e ry ; a n d tr a n s p o r ta t io n e q u ip m e n t.

Table 26. Evaluation methods: By size of establishment

(E s ta b lis h m e n ts r e p o r tin g m e th o d as a p e r c e n t o f a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g s tr u c tu r e d tr a in in g in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s , 1 9 7 4 )

M ethod

A ll

establishments 

in selected 

industries1

N um ber o f employees in establishm ent

1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500-999 1,000 

or more

Total evaluating training

p ro g ra m s................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Supervisory fe e d b a c k ........................................... 82.6 68.3 91.7 93.1 74.1 92.3 92.1 93.9

Exam ination o f trainee to test degree

o f skill acquired ............................................. 22.2 12.0 17.5 27.5 33.8 25.2 39.6 58.4

F ollow up studies of tr a in e e .............................. 30.4 18.6 37.1 28.6 41.9 27.2 35.5 44.9

Outside e v a lu a tio n ................................................ 13.5 11.2 16.8 8.6 7.9 10.5 28.6 22.6

O th e r ......................................................................... 13.2 15.0 8.8 16.8 4.5 25.6 22.5 11.5

f a b r i c a t e d m e ta l p r o d u c ts ; m a c h in e r y , e x c e p t e le c tr ic a l; N O T E : A ll c o lu m n s are n o n a d d itiv e ; m a n y e s ta b lis h m e n ts

e le c tr ic a l m a c h in e ry ; a n d tr a n s p o r ta t io n e q u ip m e n t. u tiliz e d m o re th a n o n e m e th o d o f e v a lu a tin g th e c o u rs e c o n t e n t o f

o c c u p a tio n a l tr a in in g p ro g ra m s .

19

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Table 27. Training facilities: By size of establishment

( E s ta b lis h m e n ts r e p o r tin g f a c ilit y as a p e r c e n t o f a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g s tr u c tu r e d t r a in in g in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s , 1 9 7 4 )

A ll

establishments 

in selected 

industries1

N um ber o f employees in establishm ent

F acility

1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500-999 1,000 

or more

T otal reporting training 

facilities ................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

C om pany-ow ned fa c ility ................................... 93.7 95.6 96.5 88.2 83.4 90.5 97.1 96.1

P roduction shop ...................................... 91.7 95.6 95.0 86.3 79.6 86.1 89.0 87.7

Classroom ................................................... 7.7 — 3.4 3.0 19.0 22.5 25.2 49.1

Equipped training r o o m ......................... 2.9 - - 3.0 3.0 4.6 18.6 27.7

O ther com pany fa c ility ......................... 3.4 - 6.0 7.6 2.9 3.5 4.1 2.2

O ther than com pany-ow ned fa c ility ............. 43.5 37.8 40.7 40.9 41.9 64.0 67.6 65.4

A d u lt education center ......................... 27.0 19.0 27.8 18.6 30.5 49.9 52.6 41.0

High school ................................................ 4.9 1.5 3.1 12.1 8.5 9.0 7.0 12.5

C o m m u n ity college ................................. 11.7 12.9 10.5 4.5 8.7 15.8 15.9 24.5

Labor union f a c ilit y ................................. 1.5 1.5 1.3 3.9 — 1.1 — 3.3

V endor's s c h o o l........................................ 3.4 3.8 1.0 4.3 1.7 4.5 9.2 10.1

Correspondence school ......................... 2.2 1.5 - 3.0 .8 8.9 5.6 11.9

O ther ............................................................. 1.7 1.5 2.0 1.5 .8 1.4 3.3 1.5

1 F a b ric a te d m e ta l p r o d u c ts ; m a c h in e r y , e x c e p t e le c tr ic a l; N O T E : A ll c o lu m n s a re n o n a d d itiv e ; m a n y e s ta b lis h m e n ts used

e le c tr ic a l m a c h in e r y ; a n d t r a n s p o r ta t io n e q u ip m e n t. m o re th a n o n e s ite o r f a c ilit y in w h ic h t o c o n d u c t s tr u c tu r e d

o c c u p a tio n a l tr a in in g .

Company-owned training facilities were used by 94 percent of the establishments providing training, and facilities 

not owned were used by 44 percent. Production shops outnumbered all other company-owned facilities combined. 

About 92 percent of the establishments used production 

shops as training facilities, 8 percent used classrooms, and 3 

percent used areas separate from the production shop 

which were equipped specifically for training.

Adult vocational or technical school facilities were used 

by 27 percent of the establishments using other than company facilities. Community colleges were identified as training facilities by 12 percent. Other outside facilities, such as 

labor union facilities and correspondence schools, were 

mentioned by a relatively small percent of establishments

(table 27).

Company-owned classrooms and areas equipped specifically for training were concentrated in larger establishments. None of the establishments with fewer than 20 employees had these training facilities. Small establishments, 

however, did use school facilities that were not company 

owned. Establishments with fewer than 20 employees, for 

example, constituted about two-fifths of the establishments 

that used vendors’ or manufacturers’ schools and nearly 

two-fifths of those using community colleges (table 28).

About 99,300 persons taught 133,700 trainees in establishments providing structured training-about three-fourths 

as many teachers as students. However, almost all the instructors (98 percent) were supervisors and craft workers

Table 28. Outside training facilities: By size of establishment

(P e rc e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g s tr u c tu r e d tr a in in g f o r s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s r e p o r tin g use o f o u ts id e tr a in in g 

f a c ilit ie s , 1 9 7 4 )

A ll Outside fa c ility

Establishm ent size

establishments 

in selected 

industries1

A d u lt

education

center

High

school

C om m unity

college

Labor

union

fa c ility

V endor's

school

Correspondence

school

O ther

Total using outside training

f a c ilit y ................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1-19 employees ................................................................. 30.4 24.6 10.6 38.5 33.5 39.8 23.3 31.2

20-49 employees ............................................................... 28.3 31.2 18.9 27.3 25.4 9.2 - 37.0

50-99 employees ............................................................... 9.8 7.2 25.7 4.0 26.6 13.4 14.1 9.5

100-249 em pi oyees .......................................................... 9.4 11.0 16.9 7.2 - 5.0 3.6 4.8

250-499 employees .......................................................... 8.9 11.2 11.1 8.2 4.6 8.1 24.5 5.3

500-999 employees .......................................................... 6.7 8.4 6.1 5.9 - 11.8 10.8 8.5

1,000 or more e m p lo y e e s ................................................ 6.4 6.5 10.8 8.9 9.2 12.8 23.3 3.7

1 F a b ric a te d m e ta l p r o d u c ts ; m a c h in e ry , e x c e p t e le c tr ic a l; N O T E : B e cause o f r o u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n o t

e le c tr ic a l m a c h in e ry ; a n d t r a n s p o r ta tio n e q u ip m e n t. e q u a l to ta ls .

2 0

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Table 29. Training for instructors: By size of establishment

(P e rc e n t d is tr ib u tio n o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g s tru c tu r e d tr a in in g f o r s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s r e p o r tin g tr a in in g f o r in s tr u c to r s , 1 9 7 4 )

A ll

establishments 

in selected 

industries1

Num ber o f employees in establishm ent

Item

1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500-999 1,000

or more

Total providing structured 

tr a in in g .................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Provide training fo r instructors ...................... 12.0 7.1 11.3 16.2 12.4 10.7 23.9 32.5

Do not provide training fo r instructors .... 88.0 92.9 88.7 83.8 87.6 89.3 76.1 67.5

1 F a b ric a te d m e ta l p r o d u c ts ; m a c h in e ry , e x c e p t e le c tr ic a l; e le c tr ic a l m a c h in e ry ; a n d t r a n s p o r ta t io n e q u ip m e n t.

teaching part time. About one-half of the establishments 

with structured training indicated that some of the training 

was given by trainers who were not on their payrolls, such 

as those employed in company training centers, colleges, 

and vocational schools.

About 12 percent of the establishments with structured 

occupational training programs gave instructors some training. In general, large establishments tended to provide more 

training for instructors (table 29).

Training costs

The great interest in employer training costs prompted a 

survey question about the availability of training cost records.

About five-sixths of the establishments providing structured training did not have a specific budget allocation for 

training. Even among large establishments, the proportion 

without an allocation was sizable, although a larger proportion did have a budget specifically for training (table 30).

Establishments with specific budget allocations were 

asked to identify specific training cost items for which 

separate and specific costs were available. Of all establishments, 10 percent indicated that costs of tuition, books, 

supplies, etc. could be separately identified in training cost 

records; this was the highest percent of any specific item 

for all establishments in the four industries combined. Larger establishments, with a greater tendency to have an established budget than smaller establishments, also had a higher 

percentage of establishments reporting the availability of 

records. For any specific item, however, no more than onehalf of the establishments in any size group reported that 

cost data were available.

Table 30. Training cost records: By size of establishment

(E s ta b lis h m e n ts r e p o r tin g tr a in in g c o s t re c o rd s as a p e rc e n t o f a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g s tru c tu r e d tr a in in g in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s , 1 9 7 4 )

A ll

establishments 

in selected 

industries1

N um ber o f employees in establishment

Item

1-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500-999

1,000 

or m ore

Total providing training ................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

No training budget allocation ......................... 83.3 95.9 86.9 81.3 72.6 65.6 52.6 37.4

W ith specific training budget allocatio n 2 16.7 4.1 13.1 18.7 27.4 34.4 47.4 62.6

No separate cost records kept ............ 3.6 4.1 3.4 2.8 2.5 2.2 6.4 4.9

T u itio n , books, supplies, e tc .................. 10.0 - 7.0 5.8 21.7 27.9 35.6 46.9

Trainee tra n s p o rta tio n ...........................

Personnel costs (instructors,

1.6 — .5 — 7.8 4.2 2.9 7.3

support staff, etc.) ........................... 5.2 - 4.1 5.6 8.6 10.3 15.5 29.7

Cost of training fa c ility ......................... 2.7 - 1.5 4.5 5.8 5.8 3.7 15.9

Overhead c o s ts .......................................... 4.1 2.6 8.6 8.3 6.5 4.6 24.1

Labor cost of trainees ........................... 6.9 .9 2.0 12.9 11.0 13.2 23.4 42.4

O ther ............................................................ 2.2 .9 1.7 - 10.4 .6 3.1 4.1

f a b r i c a t e d m e ta l p r o d u c ts ; m a c h in e ry , e x c e p t e le c tr ic a l; 2 D a ta a p p e a rin g u n d e r th is c a te g o ry are n o n a d d itiv e ; m a n y

e le c tr ic a l m a c h in e ry ; a n d tr a n s p o r ta tio n e q u ip m e n t. e s ta b lis h m e n ts lis te d m o re th a n o n e tr a in in g c o s t ite m f o r w h ic h

s p e c ific c o s ts m a y be id e n tifia b le .

21

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Appendix A Reference Tables

Table A-1. Occupational employment, January 1975, and completions of structured training in selected occupations, 1974

O ccupation

Estim ated 

occupational 

em ploym ent 

January 1975

C om pletions of 

structured 

occupational 

train in g , 1974

C om pletions 

as a percent 

o f occupational 

em ploym ent

T o ta l, selected occupations in m etalw orking

industries (SIC 34-37) .......................................................... 1,286,200 77,737 6.0

Crane, de rrick, and hoist o p e ra to rs ............................................................ 23,500 1,838 7.8

E le ctricia n s.......................................................................................................... 62.450 6,385 10.2

E le c tro p la te rs .................................................................................................... 27,650 1,109 4.0

Filers, grinders, buffers, etc ......................................................................... 104,900 2,648 2.5

Layout w orkers, m e t a l........................................................................... .. . . 36,950 2,452 6.6

Machine to o l s e tte rs ........................................................................................ 62,450 3,481 5.6

M achinists .......................................................................................................... 359,600 15,447 4.3

Mechanics, m a in te n a n c e ................................................................................ 77,950 4,112 5.3

M illw r ig h ts .......................................................................................................... 28,450 861 3.0

Patternm akers, m etal/w ood ......................................................................... 1.7,800 318 1.8

Plumbers a n d/or p ip e fitte rs ......................................................................... 28,400 3,066 10.8

Sheet-metal w o rk e rs ........................................................................................ 114,100 8,483 7.4

T ool and die m a k e rs ........................................................................................ 121,650 2,728 2.2

Welders and fla m e c u tte rs .............................................................................. 220,400 24,811 11.3

N O T E : B e ca u se o f r o u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n o t e q u a l to ta ls .

Table A-2. Enrollments: By occupation and purpose and type of training—Total, selected industries1

( N u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s in s tr u c tu r e d tr a in in g in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s , 1 9 7 4 )

Purpose and type o f training

T ota l,

selected

occupations

Crane

operators

E le ctricians

E lectroplaters

Filers and 

grinders

A ll structured train in g ............................................................ 133,700 1,964 11,398 1,777 4,123

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 91,713 1,809 7,063 1,633 3,767

O ff pro d u ctio n site ..................................................................................... 41,987 156 4,335 144 357

Q u a lifyin g tr a in in g ........................................................................... 94,951 1,539 7,193 1,469 3,256

On the j o b .............................................................................. 69,194 1,495 5,040 1,421 3,152

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 25,757 44 2,153 48 104

S kill im provem ent training .......................................................... 38,749 425 4,205 308 867

On the j o b .............................................................................. 22,520 313 2,023 213 615

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 16,229 112 2,182 96 252

Layout Machine Mechanics,

w orkers, to o l Machinists m aintenance M illw rig hts

metal setters

A ll structured training ............................................................ 3,443 4,490 31,431 7,419 3,588

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 1,807 3,689 24,888 6,179 3,307

O ff pro d u ctio n site ..................................................................................... 1,636 801 6,543 1,240 281

Q ualifying tra in in g ........................................................................... 2,588 3,129 20,704 4,127 2,799

On the j o b .............................................................................. 1,415 2,630 17,153 3,976 2,579

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 1,173 500 3,551 151 220

S kill im provem ent train in g .......................................................... 855 1,360 10,727 3,292 789

On the j o b .............................................................................. 391 1,059 7,735 2,203 728

O ff p ro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 463 301 2,992 1,089 61

See f o o tn o te a t e n d o f ta b le .

2 2

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Table A-2. Enrollments: By occupation and purpose and type of training—Total, selected industries1 —Continued

(N u m b e r o f e m plo ye es in s tru c tu re d tra in in g in selected o c c u p a tio n s , 1974)

Purpose and typ e o f training

P atternmakers

Plumbers Sheet-Metal

w orkers

Tool and die 

makers

Welders

A ll structured training ............................................................ 1,829 6,024 12,138 10,250 33,827

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 1,661 4,006 8,274 9,501 14,129

O ff production site ..................................................................................... 168 2,017 3,864 748 19,698

Q ualifying tra in in g ........................................................................... 1,602 4,802 9,142 9,375 23,227

On the j o b .............................................................................. 1,602 2,994 6,291 8,942 10,505

O ff p ro duction site ............................................................ - 1,808 2,851 433 12,722

S kill im provem ent training .......................................................... 227 1,222 2,996 875 10,601

On the j o b .............................................................................. 60 1,013 1,983 559 3,624

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 168 209 1,013 316 6,976

f a b r i c a t e d m e ta l p r o d u c ts ; m a c h in e ry , e x c e p t e le c tr ic a l; N O T E : B e cause o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n o t

e le c tr ic a l m a c h in e ry ; a n d t r a n s p o r ta tio n e q u ip m e n t. e q u a l to ta ls .

Table A-3. Enrollments: By occupation and purpose and type of training—Fabricated metal products industry

(N u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s in s tr u c tu r e d tr a in in g in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s , 1 9 7 4 )

Purpose and type o f training

T o ta l,

selected

occupations

Crane

operators

E le ctricians

E lectroplaters

Filers and 

grinders

A ll structured train in g ............................................................ 26,667 861 1,572 1,172 973

On the j o b ...................................................................................................... 21,712 861 1,270 1,163 972

O ff production site ..................................................................................... 4,955 - 302 9 1

Q ualifying tra in in g ........................................................................... 19,924 746 799 1,043 920

On the j o b ............................................................................. 17,757 746 745 1,034 920

O ff p ro duction site ............................................................ 2,167 - 54 9 -

S kill im provem ent training .......................................................... 6,743 115 773 129 54

On the j o b ............................................................................. 3,955 115 525 129 53

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 2,788 — 248 - 1

Layout Machine Mechanics,

w orkers, to o l Machinists m aintenance M illw rig hts

metal setters

A ll structured training ............................................................ 816 1,456 4,123 2,705 873

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 816 1,327 3,854 2,089 845

O ff pro d u ctio n site ..................................................................................... — 129 270 616 29

Q ualifying tr a in in g ........................................................................... 489 867 3,442 1,755 513

On the j o b .............................................................................. 489 815 3,389 1,724 495

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ — 52 53 31 18

Skill im provem ent training .......................................................... 327 588 681 950 360

On the j o b .............................................................................. 327 512 464 365 349

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ - 76 217 585 11

P attern­ Plumbers Sheet-metal Tool and die Welders makers w orkers makers

A ll structured training ............................................................ 61 657 1,342 2,256 7,800

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 57 657 1,316 2,124 4,362

O ff p roduction site ..................................................................................... 4 - 26 132 3,438

Q ualifying tra in in g ........................................................................... 40 538 1,260 2,122 5,388

On the j o b .............................................................................. 40 538 1,260 2,017 3,545

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ - - - 106 1,844

Skill im provem ent training .................................................. .. . . 21 119 82 134 2,411

On the j o b ............................................................................. 17 119 56 108 817

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 4 — 26 26 1,595

N O T E : B e ca u se o f r o u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n o t e q u a l to ta ls .

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Table A-4. Enrollments: By occupation and purpose and type of training—Machinery, except electrical, industry

( N u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s in s tru c tu r e d tr a in in g in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s , 1 9 7 4 )

Purpose and type o f train in g

T ota l,

selected

occupations

Crane

operators

E le ctricians

E lectroplaters

Filers and 

grinders

A ll structured training ............................................................ 48,129 683 1 ,5 6 7 84 1,720

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 37,161 578 1,366 84 1,545

O ff p ro duction site ..................................................................................... 10,968 106 201 — 174

Q ualifying tr a in in g ........................................................................... 32,027 498 1,292 84 1,187

On the j o b .............................................................................. 27,104 498 1,214 84 1,082

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 4,922 - 79 — 104

S kill im provem ent train in g .......................................................... 16,102 186 274 — 533

On the j o b .............................................................................. 10,057 80 152 — 463

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 6,045 106 122 - 70

Layout Machine Mechanics, w orkers tool Machinists m aintenance M illw rig hts

metal setters

A ll structured training ............................................................ 694 1,407 20,515 3,275 469

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 188 1,280 15,717 3,079 462

O ff production site ..................................................................................... 506 127 4,798 196 7

Q ualifying tra in in g ........................................................................... 263 1,158 13,896 1,514 414

On the j o b .............................................................................. 178 1,085 10,990 1,475 410

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 85 73 2,906 39 4

S kill im provem ent train in g .......................................................... 432 249 6,619 1,761 55

On the j o b .............................................................................. 11 196 4,726 1,604 52

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 421 53 1,893 157 3

P attern­ Plumbers Sheet-metal Tool and die Welders

makers w orkers makers

A ll structured training ............................................................ 1,606 1,156 1,522 5,499 7,932

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 1,461 1,047 1,475 4,996 3,883

O ff p roduction site ..................................................................................... 145 109 47 503 4,049

Q ualifying tra in in g ........................................................................... 1,437 283 1,331 5,000 3,670

On the j o b .............................................................................. 1,437 281 1,331 4,736 2,304

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ - 2 - 265 1,366

S kill im provem ent train in g .......................................................... 169 873 191 498 4,262

On the j o b .............................................................................. 24 766 144 260 1,579

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 145 107 47 238 2,683

N O T E : B e cause o f r o u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n o t e q u a l to ta ls .

24

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Table A-5. Enrollments: By occupation and purpose and type of training—Electrical machinery industry

( N u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s in s tr u c tu r e d tr a in in g in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s , 1 9 7 4 )

Purpose and type o f training

T o ta l, 

selected 

occupations

Crane

operators

E le ctricians

E lectroplaters

Filers and 

grinders

A ll structured training ............................................................ 13,588 127 2,798 345 175

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 11,914 120 2,286 255 161

O ff production site ..................................................................................... 1,674 7 512 90 14

Q ualifying tra in in g ........................................................................... 8,059 120 1,213 272 157

On the j o b ............................................................................. 7,837 120 1,163 233 157

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 221 - 50 39 -

S kill im provem ent training ......................................................... 5,529 7 1,585 73 18

On the j o b ............................................................................. 4,077 — 1,123 22 5

O ff production site ............................................................ 1,452 7 462 52 14

Layout Machine Mechanics,

w orkers, to o l Machinists maintenance M illw rig hts

metal setters

A ll structured training ............................................................ 142 389 3,894 607 279

On the j o b ...................................................................................................... 140 284 3,407 535 239

O ff production site ..................................................................................... 2 105 487 72 40

Q ualifying tra in in g ........................................................................... 133 271 1,260 389 234

On the j o b .............................................................................. 133 271 1,187 376 232

O ff p roduction site ............................................................ - - 74 13 2

S kill im provem ent training .......................................................... 9 118 2,634 219 45

On the j o b .............................................................................. 7 13 2,221 159 7

O ff production site ............................................................ 2 105 413 59 37

Pattern­ Plumbers Sheet-metal Tool and die Welders

makers w orkers makers

A ll structured training ............................................................ 43 376 1,575 1,666 1,172

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 24 376 1,524 1,625 936

O ff production site ..................................................................................... 19 - 50 41 236

Q ualifying tra in in g ........................................................................... 19 363 1,503 1,555 568

On the j o b .............................................................................. 19 363 1,494 1,520 568

O ff p roduction site ............................................................ - - 9 35 -

Skill im provem ent training .......................................................... 23 13 71 111 604

On the j o b .............................................................................. 5 13 30 105 368

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 19 — 41 6 236

N O T E : B e cause o f r o u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n o t e q u a l to ta ls .

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Table A-6. Enrollments: By occupation and purpose and type of training—Transportation equipment industry

(N u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s in s tr u c tu r e d tr a in in g in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s , 1 9 7 4 )

Purpose and type of training

T ota l,

selected

occupations

Crane

operators

E le ctricians

E lectroplaters

Filers and 

grinders

A ll structured training ............................................................ 45,316 293 5,461 176 1,256

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 20,925 249 2,141 132 1,088

O ff pro d u ctio n site ..................................................................................... 24,391 44 3,320 44 168

Q ualifying tra in in g ........................................................................... 34,942 175 3,888 70 993

On the j o b .............................................................................. 16,495 131 1,917 70 993

O ff p ro duction site ............................................................ 18,447 44 1,971 — —

S kill im provem ent training .......................................................... 10,375 118 1,573 106 263

On the j o b .............................................................................. 4,431 118 224 62 95

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 5,944 - 1,350 44 168

Layout Machine Mechanics,

w orkers, tool Machinists maintenance M illw rig hts

metal setters

A ll structured training ............................................................ 1,790 1,238 2,898 832 1,967

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 663 797 1,910 476 1,761

O ff p ro d u ctio n site ...................................................................................... 1,127 441 988 357 205

Q u alifying tr a in in g ........................................................................... 1,704 832 2,105 470 1,638

On the j o b .............................................................................. 616 458 1,586 401 1,442

O ff p ro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 1,088 374 519 69 196

S kill im provem ent training .......................................................... 86 406 793 363 329

On the j o b .............................................................................. 47 339 324 75 319

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 39 67 469 288 9

Pattern­ Plumbers Sheet-metal Tool and die Welders

makers w orkers makers

A ll structured training ............................................................ 119 3,835 7,699 829 16,923

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 119 1,927 3,958 756 4,948

O ff pro d u ctio n site ..................................................................................... - 1,908 3,741 73 11,975

Q u alifying tr a in in g ........................................................................... 105 3,618 5,047 697 13,600

On the j o b .............................................................................. 105 1,812 2,206 670 4 ,088

O ff p roduction site ............................................................ - 1,806 2,842 27 9,512

S kill im provem ent training .......................................................... 13 217 2,652 132 3,323

On the j o b .............................................................................. 13 115 1,753 86 860

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ - 102 899 46 2,463

N O T E : B e cause o f r o u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n o t e q u a l to ta ls .

26

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Table A-7. Completions: By occupation and purpose and type of training—Total, selected industries1

(N u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s in s tr u c tu r e d tr a in in g in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s , 1 9 7 4 )

Purpose and type o f training

T otal,

selected

occupations

Crane

operators

E le ctricians

E lectroplaters

Filers and 

grinders

A ll structured training ............................................................ 77,737 1,838 6,385 1,109 2,648

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 44,922 1,700 2,858 983 2,376

O ff production site ..................................................................................... 32,815 138 3,527 126 271

Q ualifying tra in in g ........................................................................... 49,770 1,432 3,159 925 2,027

On the j o b .............................................................................. 30,245 1,406 1,291 892 1,940

O ff p ro duction site ............................................................ 19,525 26 1,868 32 86

S kill im provem ent training .......................................................... 27,967 406 3,226 184 621

On the j o b .............................................................................. 14,678 294 1,567 90 436

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 13,290 112 1,659 94 185

Layout Machine Mechanics,

w orkers, tool Machinists m aintenance M illw rig hts

metal setters

A ll structured training ............................................................ 2,452 3,481 15,447 4,112 861

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 1,157 2,726 10,737 3,055 628

O ff p ro d u ctio n s ite ........................................................................................ 1,295 755 4,710 1,057 232

Q ualifying tra in in g ........................................................................... 1,714 2,267 10,303 1,376 692

On the j o b .............................................................................. 808 1,767 7,231 1,266 520

O ff p roduction site ............................................................ 907 500 3,073 110 172

S kill im provem ent training .......................................................... 738 1,214 5,143 2,736 169

On the j o b .............................................................................. 350 959 3,506 1,789 108

O ff p ro duction site ............................................................ 388 255 1,637 947 61

PatternPlumbers

Sheet-metal Tool and die \ A Ick I r i o f c

makers w orkers makers

V V c l Q c i b

A ll structured train in g ............................................................ 318 3,066 8,483 2,728 24,811

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 274 1,363 5,137 2,370 9,558

O ff p ro duction site ..................................................................................... 44 1,703 3,346 357 15,253

Q ualifying tra in in g ........................................................................... 246 2,090 6,218 2,127 15,194

On the j o b .............................................................................. 246 577 3,663 2,073 6,565

O ff p roduction site ............................................................ - 1,513 2,555 54 8,629

S kill im provem ent training .......................................................... 72 976 2,265 600 9,616

On the j o b .............................................................................. 28 786 1,474 297 2,993

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 44 190 791 303 6,623

1 F a b ric a te d m e ta l p r o d u c ts ; m a c h in e r y , e x c e p t e le c tr ic a l; N O T E : B e cause o f r o u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n o t

e le c tr ic a l m a c h in e ry ; a n d tr a n s p o r ta t io n e q u ip m e n t. e q u a l to ta ls .

27

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Table A-8. Completions: By occupation and purpose and type of training—Fabricated metal products industry

( N u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s in s tr u c tu r e d t r a in in g in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s , 1 9 7 4 )

Purpose and typ e o f training

T o ta l,

selected

occupations

Crane

operators

E le ctricians

E lectroplaters

Filers and 

grinders

A ll structured train in g ............................................................ 15,642 760 821 658 579

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 11,157 760 562 658 578

O ff pro d u ctio n site ..................................................................................... 4,485 — 259 — 1

Q u a lifyin g tra in in g ............................................................................ 10,259 662 211 623 543

On the j o b .............................................................................. 8,420 662 172 623 543

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 1,839 - 39 - -

S kill im provem ent training .......................................................... 5,382 98 610 35 36

On the j o b .............................................................................. 2,737 98 390 35 35

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 2,645 - 220 - 1

Layout Machine Mechanics,

w orkers, to o l M achinists maintenance M illw rig hts

metal setters

A ll structured training ............................................................ 655 1,056 1,271 1,519 177

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 655 974 1,023 952 152

O ff pro d u ctio n site ..................................................................................... - 82 249 567 25

Q u alifying tra in in g ............................................................................ 355 547 731 780 98

On the j o b .............................................................................. 355 495 690 749 85

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ - 52 41 31 14

S kill im provem ent train in g .......................................................... 300 509 541 739 79

On the j o b .............................................................................. 300 479 333 203 68

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ - 30 208 536 11

Pattern­ Plumbers Sheet-metal Tool and die Welders

makers w orkers makers

A ll structured training ............................................................ 29 44 661 604 6,806

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 25 44 636 574 3,564

O ff p ro d u ctio n site ..................................................................................... 4 — 26 30 3,242

Q ualifying tra in in g ..................................................................... . . 8 28 626 525 4,522

On the j o b .............................................................................. 8 28 626 510 2,875

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ - - - 15 1,647

S kill im provem ent training .......................................................... 21 16 35 79 2,284

On the j o b .............................................................................. 17 16 9 64 690

O f f p r o d u c t io n s ite ......................................................................... 4 — 26 15 1,595

N O T E : B e ca u se o f r o u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n o t e q u a l to ta ls .

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Table A-9. Completions: By occupation and purpose and type of training—Machinery, except electrical, industry

(N u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s in s tr u c tu r e d tr a in in g in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s , 1 9 7 4 )

Purpose and type o f training

T ota l,

selected

occupations

Crane

operators

E le ctricians

E lectroplaters

Filers and 

grinders

A ll structured training ............................................................ 26,643 681 307 68 1,050

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 17,936 575 201 68 901

O ff production site ..................................................................................... 8,708 106 106 - 149

Q ualifying tra in in g ........................................................................... 15,840 498 221 68 665

On the j o b .............................................................................. 11,728 498 173 68 579

O ff p roduction site ............................................................ 4,111 - 48 - 86

S kill im provem ent training .......................................................... 10,804 183 86 - 385

On the j o b .............................................................................. 6,207 78 28 — 322

O ff p ro duction site ............................................................ 4,597 106 58 - 62

Layout Machine Mechanics,

w orkers, tool M achinists maintenance M illw rights

metal setters

A ll structured training ............................................................ 564 980 11,047 1,958 89

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 166 854 7,525 1,806 85

O ff production site ..................................................................................... 398 127 3,523 151 3

Q ualifying tra in in g ........................................................................... 206 792 8,104 370 85

On the j o b .............................................................................. 159 718 5,487 333 85

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 46 73 2,617 37

Skill im provem ent training .......................................................... 358 188 2,943 1,587 3

On the j o b .............................................................................. 7 135 2,038 1.473 -

O ff p roduction site ............................................................ 351 53 905 114 3

Pattern­ Plumbers Sheet-metal Tool and die Welders

makers w orkers makers

A ll structured train in g ............................................................ 229 916 912 1,551 6,291

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 208 807 894 1,302 2,543

O ff pro d u ctio n site ..................................................................................... 21 109 19 249 3,748

Q ualifying tra in in g ........................................................................... 208 56 890 1,237 2,439

On the j o b .............................................................................. 208 54 890 1,227 1,249

O ff pro d u ctio n site .................................................. .. - 2 - 11 1,191

S kill im provem ent training ....................................................... ’. 21 860 23 314 3,852

On the j o b .............................................................................. — 753 4 76 1,294

O ff p ro duction site ............................................................ 21 107 19 238 2,558

N O T E : B e cause o f r o u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n o t e q u a l to ta ls .

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Table A-10. Completions: By occupation and purpose and type of training—Electrical machinery industry

( N u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s in s tr u c tu r e d t r a in in g in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s , 1 9 7 4 )

Purpose and type o f training

T ota l,

selected

occupations

Crane

operators

E lectriV cians

E lectroplaters

Filers and 

grinders

A ll structured train in g ............................................................ 7,019 127 1,700 282 170

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 5,970 120 1,495 199 157

O ff pro d u ctio n site ...................................................................................... 1,049 7 205 84 14

Q u a lifyin g tr a in in g ............................................................................ 3,594 120 525 209 157

On the j o b .............................................................................. 3,412 120 481 177 157

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................. 182 - 44 32 —

S kill im provem ent train in g .......................................................... 3,426 7 1,176 73 14

On the j o b .............................................................................. 2,558 — 1,015 22 —

O ff p ro d u ctio n site ............................................................. 867 7 161 52 14

Layout Machine Mechanics, w orkers, to o l M achinists maintenance M illw rig h ts

metal setters

A ll structured training ............................................................ 112 251 1,846 182 162

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 110 146 1,565 155 122

O ff p ro d u ctio n site ...................................................................................... 2 105 281 27 40

Q u a lifyin g tra in in g ............................................................................ 103 138 682 102 117

On the j o b ........................................................................... . 103 138 611 96 115

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................. - - 71 6 2

S kill im provem ent train in g .......................................................... 9 113 1,164 79 45

On the j o b .............................................................................. 7 8 955 59 7

O ff p ro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 2 105 210 21 37

Pattern­ Plumbers Sheet-metal Tool and die Welders makers w orkers makers

A ll structured training ............................................................ 35 73 775 290 1,014

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 16 73 724 268 820

O ff p ro d u ctio n site ..................................................................................... 19 - 50 23 194

Q u a lifyin g tra in in g ........................................................................... 16 60 726 187 452

On the j o b .............................................................................. 16 60 717 170 452

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ - - 9 17 _

S kill im provem ent training .......................................................... 19 13 48 104 562

On the j o b .............................................................................. — 13 7 98 368

Off p r o d u c t io n s ite ......................................................................... 19 — 41 6 194

N O T E : B e ca u se o f r o u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n o t e q u a l to ta ls .

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Table A-11. Completions: By occupation and purpose and type of training—Transportation equipment industry

( N u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s in s tr u c tu r e d t r a in in g in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s , 1 9 7 4 )

Purpose and type o f training

T ota l,

selected

occupations

Crane

operators

E le ctriciansE lectroplaters

Filers and 

grinders

A ll structured training ............................................................ 28,433 270 3,556 101 849

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 9,860 244 600 58 741

O ff p ro duction site ..................................................................................... 18,573 26 2,957 42 108

Q ualifying tra in in g ........................................................................... 20,078 152 2,202 25 662

On the j o b .............................................................................. 6,685 126 465 25 662

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 13,393 26 1,737 -

Skill im provem ent training .......................................................... 8,355 118 1,355 76 187

On the j o b .............................................................................. 3,175 118 135 33 78

O ff p roduction site ............................................................ 5,180 - 1,219 42 108

Layout Machine Mechanics,

w orkers, tool Machinists m a i n t p n a n p p

M illw rig hts

metal setters

11 I d 11 1 I C I I Q l IL»C

A ll structured training ............................................................ 1,121 1,194 1,282 454 433

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 226 753 624 141 268

O ff production site ..................................................................................... 895 441 658 312 165

Q ualifying tr a in in g ........................................................................... 1,051 790 787 123 391

On the j o b .............................................................................. 190 416 443 87 236

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 860 374 344 36 156

S kill im provem ent training .......................................................... 70 404 495 331 42

On the j o b .............................................................................. 36 337 180 55 33

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ 34 67 314 276 9

Pattern­ Plumbers Sheet-metal Tool and die Welders

makers w orkers makers

A ll structured training ............................................................ 25 2,032 6,135 282 10,699

On the j o b ....................................................................................................... 25 438 2,884 226 2,631

O ff pro d u ctio n site ..................................................................................... - 1,594 3,251 56 8,068

Q ualifying tra in in g ........................................................................... 14 1,945 3,976 178 7,781

On the j o b .............................................................................. 14 434 1,430 167 1,990

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ - 1,511 2,546 12 5,792

S kill im provem ent training .......................................................... 11 87 2,159 104 2,918

On the j o b .............................................................................. 11 5 1,453 60 641

O ff pro d u ctio n site ............................................................ — 82 705 44 2,277

N O T E : B e ca u se o f r o u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n o t e q u a l to ta ls .

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Appendix B. Scope and Method of Survey

Scope of survey

The survey of training in industry covered establishments employing one worker or more in the United States, 

except Alaska and Hawaii, in the following major industry 

groups as classified in the 1967 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual. Fabricated metal products (SIC 34); 

machinery, except electrical (SIC 35); electrical machinery 

(SIC 36); and transportation equipment (SIC 37).

The estimated number of establishments and total employment within the scope of this survey, the sample actually studied, and the usable responses are shown for each 

major industry group in table B-l.

Timing of survey, and method of collection

Data on enrollments and completions of employer training programs were requested for calendar year 1974. The 

reference data for total establishment employment and employment for 14 selected occupations within the establishment was the payroll period that included January 12,

1975.

Data were gathered primarily through mail returns, although personal visits were also made in many instances. 

The initial mail request was completed by June 5, 1975. A 

second request to nonrespondents was completed by July 

11, 1975. More than 700 questionnaires were delivered initially by personal visit, usually to corporate headquarters, 

primarily because records were not maintained at the establishment level for many firms. In addition, a subsample of 

nonrespondents to the mail survey, totaling nearly 550 

establishments, was selected for field followup visits. All

field work related to the mail survey was completed by 

February 27, 1976.

Sampling and estimating procedures

The sampling procedures required the detailed stratification of all establishments within the scope of the survey by 

industry and size of establishment. A nationwide sample of 

nearly 5,000 establishments was selected from the universe. 

Each of the four major industry groups included in the 

scope of the survey was sampled separately, with the sampling rates depending on the employment size of the industry. Within each major industry group, a greater proportion 

of large than of small establishments was included. In developing the estimates from the sample, each establishment 

was weighted according to its probability of selection. The 

weighted data were adjusted to total employment within 

the scope of the survey shown in table B-l.

Estimates of sampling error

The survey procedure yielded estimates of training with 

varying levels of sampling error, depending largely upon the 

frequency and magnitude of the training reported for an 

occupation and the proportion of establishments in the survey sample. Therefore, the larger establishments generally 

had lower sampling errors than small establishments. The 

standard error is primarily a measure of sampling variability; that is, it is a measure of the variations in the estimate 

that might occur by chance because a sample rather than

Table B-1. Number of establishments and workers within scope of survey, number studied, and usable responses,

by industry group1

Industry

W ithin scope o f survey Studied Usable responses

N um ber o f 

establishm ents2

E m p lo ym e n t3 N um ber o f 

establishments

E m ploym ent Num ber o f 

establishments

E m ploym ent

A ll selected in d u s trie s ....................... 92,017 7,047,800 4,776 4,103,088 2,829 2,059,700

Fabricated metal p ro d u c ts ....................... 29,012 1,362,800 1,248 456,492 772 292,600

M achinery, except electrical .................. 40,567 2,184,800 1,581 958,929 962 489,600

Electrical m achinery ................................. 13,040 1,844,800 1,161 1,222,664 651 539,100

T ransportation e q u ip m e n t....................... 9,398 1,655,500 786 1,465,003 444 738,400

1 T h e s tu d y c o v e rs e s ta b lis h m e n ts in th e U n ite d S ta te s , e x c e p t 2 R e fe re n c e p e r io d — 1 s t Q u a r te r 1 9 7 5 .

A la s k a a n d H a w a ii. 3 E m p lo y m e n t b e n c h m a r k —J a n u a ry 1 9 7 5 .

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Table B-2. Estimates and standard errors for employees receiving structured occupational training for each

selected occupation, by type and purpose of training, 1974

Purpose Employees Employees Employees Employees Employees Employees

and receiving Standard receiving receiving Standard receiving receiving Standard receiving

type o f training error training training error training training error training

training (weighted) (reported) (w eighted) (reported) (weighted) (reported)

Crane operators Electricians Electroplaters

Q ualifying training:

On the j o b .................... 1,495 810 220 5,039 868 2,115 1,420 498 141

O ff production

s i t e ............................ 44 47 40 2,153 1,438 1,768 48 50 31

Skill im provem ent training:

On the j o b .................... 313 170 161 2,022 713 465 213 128 19

O ff p roduction

s i t e ............................ 113 239 98 2,083 554 1,182 96 39 54

Filers and grinders Layout w orkers, metal Machine tool setters

Q ualifying training:

On the j o b .................... 3,149 975 908 1,416 436 342 2,629 890 670

O ff production

s i t e ........................... 104 165 54 1,173 718 526 499 375 40

Skill im provem ent training:

On the j o b .................... 616 437 56 393 159 58 1,059 404 292

O ff p roduction

s i t e ............................ 253 124 136 463 565 46 301 156 98

Machinists Mechanics, maintenance M illw rig hts

Q ualifying training:

On the j o b .................... 17,148 3,346 3,824 3,977 726 1,357 2,578 341 1,336

O ff p ro duction

s i t e ............................ 3,552 3,025 1,321 149 79 62 220 120 98

Skill im provem ent training:

On the j o b .................... 7,735 1,952 858 2,202 2,225 406 728 243 351

O ff pro d u ctio n

s i t e ............................ 2,945 948 767 1,088 456 300 60 43 27

Patternm akers, m etal/w ood P lum bers/pipefitters Sheet-metal w orkers

Q ualifying training:

On the j o b .................... 1,603 810 166 2,993 696 1,492 6,291 1,444 1,837

O ff p ro d u ctio n

s i t e ........................... - - - 1,809 804 1,240 2,851 1,055 1,121

Skill im provem ent training:

On the j o b .................... 59 49 19 1,013 686 135 1,982 1,032 583

O ff p roduction

s i t e ............................ 168 236 38 184 124 74 1,014 451 819

Tool and die makers Welders and flam ecutters

Q ualifying training:

On the j o b .................... 8,942 1,559 1,769 10,458 1,932 3,790

O ff production

s i t e ............................ 432 272 103 11,922 1,562 6,925

Skill im provem ent training:

On the jo b ..................... 559 234 185 3,624 1,197 776

O ff production

s i t e ............................ 317 322 53 6,965 3,193 4,960

the universe is surveyed. However, it does not measure nonsampling errors such as processing errors or any systematic 

biases in the data. The standard error shows that the 

chances are about 68 out of 100 that an estimate from the 

sample would differ from a complete census by less than 

the standard error shown in table B-2. The chances are

about 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than 

twice the standard error.

The Bureau calculated estimates for standard error for 

employees receiving training for each occupation by type 

and purpose of training. Generally, standard errors ran fairly high, but this was to be expected because of the small

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size of the variable being measured and the small proportion of establishments providing training.

Estimates and their standard errors, shown in table B-2, 

should be interpreted as follows:

Enrollments of crane operators in off-production-site 

training were reported as 40. The weighted estimate is 44 

(reported number weighted by ratio of 110). The standard 

error for this weighted estimate is 47. Thus, the estimate

within one standard error ranged from 401 to 91, or, 

chances are 68 out of 100 that the actual number of crane 

operators enrolled in off-production site training fell between 40 and 91.

1 The actual reported number of employees receiving training is

the lower range o f the estimate in cases when the weighted estimate

minus the standard error is lower than the actual reported number.

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Appendix C. Survey of Occupational Training in Industry

BLS 3050

Jan.1975

O.M.B. No. 044S-75008

Approval expires 12/75

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

Bureau of Labor Statistics

Washington, D.C. 20212

r

(Change name and address if incorrect.)

1

COPY FOR YOUR FILES

L

Location

J

Employment

Identification or location o f

establishment for which information is requested, if different

from mailing address.

SURVEY OF

OCCUPATIONAL TRAINING 

IN INDUSTRY

The Bureau o f Labor Statistics will hold all information furnished by the respondent in strict confidence.

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2

CODE

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

S U R V E Y O F T R A IN IN G IN IN D U S T R Y

S E L E C T E D O C C U P A T IO N S , 1 9 7 4

OCCUPATIONAL DEFINITIONS

CRANEMAN, DERRICKMAN, AND HOISTMAN (electric-monorail-crane operator; electric-bridge-or-gantry-crane operator; locomotive-crane operator; tractor-crane operator; truck-crane operator; diesel, electric, compressed air, gasoline, or steam drum hoist operator; etc.): Operates various kinds of cranes and hoists to lift, move, and load materials, machines, and products.

ELECTRICIAN: Installs, maintains, and repairs wiring, electrical equipment, and fixtures. Insures that work is in accordance

with relevant codes and may read blueprints.

ELECTROPLATER: Sets up, operates or tends plating equipment to coat metal or plastic objects electrolytically with metal to

provide protective or decorative surfaces or to build up worn surfaces. Work may involve pickling or other cleaning of the object

in preparation for electrolysis.

FILER, GRINDER, BUFFER, CHIPPER, CLEANER, AND/OR POLISHER: Include workers concerned with filing, grinding,

buffing, chipping, cleaning, and polishing metal parts or objects other than by the use of production machines.

LAY-OUT MAN, METAL: Lays out reference points and dimensions on metal stock, structural shapes, or workpieces such as

castings, plates, tubes, or machine parts to indicate processing to be done such as machining, welding, or assembly, analyzing

specifications and computing dimensions according to knowledge of products, subsequent processing, shop mathematics, and layout procedures. Exclude workers whose duties involve only tracing from templates.

MACHINE TOOL SET-UP MAN (lathe set-up man; drill-press set-up man; all-round set-up man; etc.): Sets up variety of machine

tools, such as gear hobbers, lathes, milling machines, boring machines, and grinders, for other workers, and machines’ first-run

piece.

MACHINIST (maintenance machinist; production machinist; etc.): Sets up and operates machine tools and fits and assembles

parts to make or repair metal parts, mechanisms, tools, or machines of an establishment, applying knowledge of mechanics, shop

mathematics, metal properties, and layout machining procedures. Studies specifications, such as blueprint, sketch, or description

of part to be replaced, and plans sequence of operations.

MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE (EXCLUDE MILLWRIGHT): Repairs in accordance with diagrams, operation manuals, or manufacturer’s specifications, machinery and mechanical equipment of an establishment such as cranes, pumps, motors, conveyor

systems, and production machines.

MILLWRIGHT (EXCLUDE MAINTENANCE MECHANICS): Installs new machinery and heavy equipment according to layout

plans, blueprints, and other drawings in an establishment and dismantles and moves machinery and heavy equipment, when

changes in plant layout are required. Uses a variety of handtools, hoists, dollies, and trucks. May construct foundations for

machines.

PATTERNMAKER, METAL (aircraft loftsman, etc.): Lays out, machines, fits, and assembles castings and parts to metal foundry

patterns, core boxes, and match plates, using handtools and machine tools, and analyzes specifications according to knowledge of

patternmaking methods.

PATTERNMAKER, WOOD (wood pattern repairman, ship loftsman, etc.): Plans, lays out, and constructs wooden unit or sectional patterns used in forming sand molds for casting, analyzing blueprints and using handtools.

PLUMBER AND/OR PIPEFITTER: Assembles, installs, alters and/or repairs pipe systems (metal, plastic, ceramic, composition,

etc.) that carry water, steam, air, or other liquids or gases.

SHEET METAL WORKER (coppersmith; tinsmith; fabricator, special items; roofer, metal; model maker, sheet metal; etc.):

Fabricates, assembles, installs, and repairs sheet metal products and equipment, such as control boxes, drainpipes, and furnace

casings. Work may involve any of the following: Sets up and operates fabricating machines to cut, bend, and straighten, sheet

metal; shapes metal over anvils, blocks, or forms, using hammer; operates soldering and welding equipment to join sheet metal

parts; inspects, assembles, and smooths seams and joints of burred surfaces.

TOOL AND DIE MAKER, METAL (EXCLUDE DIE SINKER AND DIE SETTER): Analyzes variety of specifications, lays out

metal stock, sets up and operates machine tools, and fits and assembles parts to make and repair metalworking dies, cutting tools,

jigs, fixtures, gages, and machinists’ handtools.

WELDER AND FLAMECUTTER (arc welder; gas welder; spot welder; solderer; leadbumer; resistance welder; etc.): Joins, surfaces, or otherwise makes or repairs structures or parts, using gas or electric welding, soldering, or brazing equipment with or

without filler material; fusing to join or shape lead products or parts, using a gas torch; cutting or perforating metal, using gas or

electric cutting equipment.

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3

R E P O R T IN G IN S T R U C T IO N S

C o m p le te th is q u estio n n a ir e for y o u r c o m p a n y o p e r a tio n (e sta b lish m e n t) id e n tifie d o n th e m ailin g la b el.

T o h elp m u lti-e sta b lish m e n t e m p lo y e r s co r r e c tly id e n tify th is “ rep ortin g u n it,” its p h y sic a l lo c a tio n h as b e e n p r in te d in th e

lo w er le ft p o r tio n o f th e m a ilin g la b el. O ur estim a te o f th e n u m b er o f p erso n s e m p lo y e d at th is esta b lish m e n t app ears in

th e lo w e r right corn er o f th e la b el.

A . G E N E R A L IN F O R M A T IO N

1. W hat w as th e prin cip al p ro d u c t m a n u fa ctu red b y y o u r esta b lish m e n t in 1 9 7 4 ? (P lea se d esc rib e, i.e ., “ m a n u fa c tu r e o f

a u to m a tic la th e s;” “ m a n u fa ctu re o f e le c tr o n ic c o m p o n e n ts .” )

2. W hat is the to ta l n u m b er o f e m p lo y e e s carried o n y o u r e s ta b lish m e n t’s p a y ro ll for th e

p ayroll p eriod w h ic h in c lu d ed January 12, 19751 ..............................................................................

3. D id y o u r e sta b lish m en t e m p lo y any w o rk ers in an y o f the fo llo w in g o c c u p a tio n s as o f January 12, 1975, and if so ,

h o w m an y? (D o n o t rep ort th e sam e e m p lo y e e in m ore than o n e c a te g o r y —see jo b d e fin itio n s o n th e o p p o site p a g e .)

NUMBER OF

CODE OCCUPATION WORKERS

01 C ranem an, D err ic k m a n , and H o is t m a n .......................................................................................................................... ...........................

0 2 E le c t r ic ia n ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................

03 E lec tro p la ter ................................................................................................................................................................................ ...........................

0 4 F iler, G rinder, B u ffe r, C h ip p er, C leaner a n d /o r P o l i s h e r ........................... ...................................................... ...........................

05 L ay-O u t M an, M e t a l ................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................

0 6 M achine T o o l S et-U p M a n ..................................................................................................................................................... ...........................

0 7 M ach in ist ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................

0 8 M ech an ic, M a in ten a n ce (Exclude Millwright) ...................................................................................................... ...........................

0 9 M illw right (Exclude Maintenance Mechanics) ...................................................................................................... ...........................

10 P attern m ak er, M etal/W ood .............................................................................................................................................. ...........................

11 P lu m b er a n d /o r P i p e f i t t e r ..................................................................................................................................................... ...........................

12 S h eetm eta l W orker ................................................................................................................................................................... ...........................

13 T o o l and D ie M aker, M etal (Exclude Die Sinker and Die Setter) .............................................................. ...........................

14 W elder and F la m ecu tte r ..................................................................................................................................................... ...........................

NO. OF EMPLOYEES

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TRAINING DEFINITIONS

A worker can acquire an occupational skill in various ways—general education, experience, training, or a 

combination of these. This survey deals exclusively with “training” as the means of acquiring job skills.

For purposes of completing this form "training” is defined as a structured program provided by employers 

to their employees which is designed to permit employees to acquire or improve skills in the selected occupations listed on page 3. A structured training program must:

• have an identifiable plan designed to develop a worker’s specific skill or level o f competence.

• involve the active presence of an instructor or trainer during the training process. A teaching 

machine or some other programmed self-learning device may be substituted for a human 

instructor.

In the case of an APPRENTICESHIP program, the “trainer” is usually a supervisor or other 

fellow employee of the trainee. (See Qualifying Training, Page 6.)

In cases of training not related to apprenticeship, a supervisor or fellow employee who, incidental to his main responsibility, gives occasional, unscheduled instruction should not be considered an instructor or trainer.

Structured training may:

• be conducted by the establishment (or company), or by some other business firm, educational 

institution, or labor organization, either separately or in conjunction with your establishment 

or company.

• take place before, during, or after work hours.

• take place with or without compensation to the trainee.

• involve government sponsorship and/or funding.

Structured training includes APPRENTICESHIP training.

This survey excludes skill acquisition or skill improvement that results from casual “leaming-by-doing” or 

“picking it up.” Also excluded are courses and programs which are not primarily concerned with teaching 

occupational skills...such as programs which primarily deal with general orientation; safety orientation; company policies, practices, and programs; supervision; and supervisory or management practices.

This questionnaire form separates training into two distinct categories as follows:

1. QUALIFYING TRAINING (Page 6)-Given to qualify employees for work in an occupation. 

It may be given to employees with no previous work experience. It may also be given to experienced workers to qualify them to work in an occupation other than the one they hold.

2. SKILL IMPROVEMENT TRAINING (Page 7)-Given only to experienced workers to improve 

their skills in the occupations they now hold.

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B. OCCUPATIONAL TRAINING IN 1974

1. Did your establishment provide, in 1974, structured training for any of the occupations listed on page 3?

Yes □ (s’ap to question C.) No □

2. If you did not provide any structured training in 1974 for occupations listed on page 3, please identify any or all of the following

conditions that influenced your decision not to provide such training. (Check one of more blocks below.)

(1) □ Informal training satisfies our needs.

(2) □ We prefer to recruit trained workers.

(3) □ We have only a few skilled jobs...structured training is unnecessary.

(4) □ Our production process shifts tasks away from skilled to lesser skilled workers who are already available.

(5) □ The cost of structured training is prohibitive.

(6) □ The risk of training employees and then losing them to other firms is too great.

(7) □ Our establishment does not have the capability to provide structured training.

(8) □ Other (give brief description)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Primary

3. Which one of the factors listed above was the primary one in your ------ ^actor-----

decision not to provide structured occupational training in 1974, for ^

occupations listed on page 3? List the number (1-8) of the primary factor................................................................... .......1--------------

4. If you did not provide training for the listed occupations, did you provide, in 1974, structured training for any other occupation(s)?

Yes □ No □

SKIP TO PAGE 12, QUESTION O. DO NOT COMPLETE QUESTIONS C. THRU N.

C. REASONS FOR PROVIDING OCCUPATIONAL TRAINING

1. For all structured training related to the occupations listed on page 3, please identify below any or all of the reasons that influenced

your establishment’s decision to provide such training in 1974.

( 1 )

( 2 )

( 3 )

( 4 )

( 5 )

(6 )

Necessary job skills can best be learned through our own training program.

A tight labor market is anticipated for these job skills.

Occupational training is consistent with employee’s career development needs.

Production methods have changed, are changing, or are expected to change. Accordingly, new skills

must be developed by our employees.

Employees have inadequate educational and/or training backgrounds and, therefore,

require company training.

Other (give brief description) ______ ____________________________________________________

2. Which reason listed above was primary in your decision to provide occupational training?

(Enter the number-1 through 6 -o f the primary reason.).....................................................

Primary

Reason

NO.

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D. QUALIFYING TRAINING: | | | Training given to qualify newly hired or other employees for work in an occupation. Includes

APPRENTICESHIP training.

1. ON-THE-JOB TRAINING (OJT)—A training process that takes place primarily on the job during actual production operations. This 

training may include some instruction given off the production site. APPRENTICESHIP training including related classroom instruction should be reported in this category.

2. OFF PRODUCTION-SITE TRAINING (OPST)-A training process that usually takes place off the production site in a training facility 

such as a classroom or an equipped site used primarily for training. The training facility may be operated by the company, either on 

or off the firm ’s premises, or by other organizations, such as a technical institute, college, or university. Training undertaken at a 

facility not operated by the firm should be counted only if the company pays the cost o f training in whole or in part, or pays employees wages while they are attending training classes. Include correspondence course training if paid or reimbursed by the firm.

Exclude APPRENTICESHIP training and its related classroom instruction...see OJT above.

NOTE: Employees who received training in more than one 

training category or for more 

than one occupation, should 

be included in each count of 

training received 

COMPLETION OF TRAIND. 1. For occupations listed in Column 2, did your establishment provide, in 1974, any on-the-iob training to dualify an employee fo r work in these occupations?

Yes □ No □

If yes, please answer the questions below before proceeding to D.2. If no, proceed to question D.2 at right.

D.2. For occupations listed in Column 2, did 

your establishment provide, in 1974, any training that consisted primarily o f instruction o ff

the production site to qualify an employee fo r

work in these occupations?

Yes □ No □

If yes, please answer the questions below before 

proceeding to E.l and E.2. If no, proceed to 

questions E.l and E.2 on the next page.

ING: Training is considered to 

have been completed when the 

trainee has achieved the obiectives of the training process or 

program. 3 CODE

OCCUPATION

(2)

How many 

employees 

received 

OJT during 

1974?*

(3)

How many 

employees 

completed 

the OJT 

in 1974?

(4)

What is the 

total length 

(in hours) of 

the OJT program?

(5)

Was the 

training registered as an 

apprenticeship training

How many 

employees 

received 

OPST during 

1974?*

(7)

How many 

employees 

completed 

the OPST 

in 1974?

(8)

What is the 

total length 

(in hours) of 

the OPST program?

(9)

program? 

Check one. 

(6)

Yes No

01

Craneman, Derrickman, 

and Hoistman hrs. □ □ hrs.

02 Electrician hrs. hrs.

03 Electroplater hrs. □ □ hrs.

04

Filer, Grinder, 

Buffer, etc. hrs. □ □ hrs.

05 Lay-Out Man, Metal hrs. hrs.

06

Machine Tool 

Set-Up Man hrs. □ □ hrs.

07 Machinist hrs. hrs.

08

Mechanic, Maintenance 

(exclude Millwright) hrs. hrs.

09

Millwright (exclude 

Maintenance Mechanics) hrs. hrs.

10

Patternmaker, 

Metal/Wood hrs. D hrs.

11

Plumber and/or 

Pipefitter hrs. □ □ hrs.

12 Sheet Metal Worker hrs. hrs.

13 Tool and Die Maker hrs. hrs.

14

Welder and 

Flamecutter hrs. hrs.

* If your establishment provided more than one kind of OJT or OPST training program for the same occupation, record the

data by using the appropriate line above and one or more lines below.

hrs. hrs.

hrs. hrs.

hrs. hrs.

hrs. □ □ hrs.

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E. SKILL IMPROVEMENT TRAINING: Training given to improve the job skills o f a worker in the occupation

em ployed.

1. ON-THE-JOB TRAINING (O JT )-A training process that takes place primarily on the job during actual pr

training mav include some instruction given o ff the production site. Exclude APPRENTICESHIP training

instruction which should be included in D .l, page 6.

2. OFF PRODUCTION-SITE TRAINING (O P ST )-A training process that usually takes place off the produc

such as a classroom or an equipped site used primarily for training. The training facility may be operated 1

on or off the firm’s premises, or by other organizations, such as a technical institute, college, or university

facility not operated by the firm should be counted only if the company pays the cost o f training in wholi

ployees wages while they are attending training classes. Include correspondence course training if paid or i

Exclude APPRENTICESHIP training and its related classroom instruction...see D .l , page 6.

in which he or she is currently

oduction operations. This

and its related classroom

tion site in a training facility

by the com pany, either

. Training undertaken at a

? or in part, or pays emreimbursed by the firm.

NOTE: Employees who received

training in more than one training

category or for more than one occupation should be included in each

count o f training received.

COMPLETION OF TRAINING:

T raining is c o n sid e r e d to h ave b een

completed when the trainee has

achieved the objectives of the training process or program.

E.l . For occupations listed in Column 2, did

vour establishment provide, in 1974, any onthe-job training to improve the job skills of a

worker in the occupation in which he or she

was then employed?

Yes □ No □

If yes, please answer the questions below before proceeding to E.2. If no, proceed to question E.7 at right.

E.2. For occupations listed in Column 2, did

your establishment provide, in 1974, any training that consisted primarily of instruction off

the production site to improve the job skills of

a worker in the occupation in which he or she

was then employed?

Yes □ No D

If yes, please answer the questions below before proceeding to the next page. If no, proceed to the next page.

3 C0DE

OCCUPATION

(2)

How many

employees

received

OJT during

1974?*

(3)

How many

employees

completed

the OJT

in 1974?

(4)

What is the

total length

(in hours) of

the OJT

program?

(5)

How many

employees

received

OPST during

1974?*

(6)

How many

employees

completed

the OPST

in 1974?

(7)

What is the

total length

(in hours) of

the OPST

program?

(8)

01

Craneman, Derrickman,

and Hoistman hrs. hrs.

02 Electrician hrs. hrs.

03 Electroplater hrs. hrs.

04

Filer, Grinder,

Buffer, etc. hrs. hrs.

05 Lay-Out Man, Metal hrs. hrs.

06

Machine Tool

Set-Up Man hrs. hrs.

07 Machinist hrs. hrs.

08

Mechanic, Maintenance

(exclude Millwright) hrs. hrs.

09

Millwright (exclude

Maintenance Mechanics) hrs. hrs.

10

Patternmaker,

Metal/Wood hrs. hrs.

u

Plumber and/or

Pipefitter hrs. hrs.

12 Sheet Metal Worker hrs. hrs.

13 Tool and Die Maker hrs. hrs.

14

Welder and

Flamecutter hrs. hrs.

* If your establishment provided more than one kind of OJT or OPST training program for the same occupation, record the

data by using the appropriate line above and one or more lines below.

hrs. hrs.

hrs. hrs.

hrs. hrs.

hrs. hrs.

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PLEASE COMPLETE THE QUESTIONS BELOW AND ON THE FOLLOWING PAGES IF YOU REPORTED ON PAGES 6 OR 7 THAT YOUR

ESTABLISHMENT PROVIDED TRAINING IN 1974. INFORMATION YOU REPORT SHOULD RELATE DIRECTLY TO THE TRAINING PROGRAM^) REPORTED ON PAGES 6 AND 7.

F. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRAINING STAFF

1. Please estimate the number of persons on the payroll o f your establishment who spend any

of their work time as “instructors’* in the training programs you reported on pages 6 and 7.

Include supervisors and journeymen associated with apprenticeship training programs.

(If “0,” skip to question F .4 .).......................................................................................................

2. How many of the persons reported above spend aU of their work time as instructors

in these programs?..................................................................................................................................................................... ............

3. Is “instructor training” given to instructors reported in F.l above?

Yes □ No □

4. Is any of the instruction related to training programs reported on pages 6 and 7 given by persons who are not on your payroll,

e.g., company training center staff, college faculty, etc.?

Yes □ No □

REMARKS: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

G. DESCRIPTION OF THE TRAINING SITE (OR FACILITY)

Please identify any or all of the following descriptions which apply to the facility or site where training is given. (Check one or more blocks.)

COMPANY OWNED FACILITY

□ The production shop of our establishment.

□ A classroom in our establishment.

□ An area of our establishment separate from the production shop, but equipped and designed specifically for training.

□ Other company owned facility (give brief description)___________________________________________

FACILITY NOT OWNED BY COMPANY

□ An adult vocational or technical school facility.

□ A high school facility.

□ A community college facility.

□ A labor union facility.

□ Vendor’s or manufacturer’s schools.

□ Training received via correspondence school.

□ Other (give brief description) ______________________________________

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H. TRAINING CONTENT AND EVALUATION

1. For any structured training program reported on page 6 or 7, please identify any or all of the following groups who helped

determine the course content of the program. (Check one or more blocks.)

□ Trade associations.

□ Vendors or manufacturers of plant machinery and equipment.

□ Union-management cooperation and/or committees (e.g., a joint apprenticeship committee).

□ Vocational educators or other education specialists.

□ In-plant analysis by department heads, supervisors, and foremen.

□ Consulting firms.

□ Other (give brief description) ________________________________________________________________

2. Are occupational training programs periodically evaluated by management? ............Yes □ No □ (skip to question I.)

3. If yes, please identify any or all factors utilized to evaluate a typical occupational training program. (Check one or more blocks.)

□ Supervisory feedback.

□ Written or other types of examination of trainee to measure degree of skill acquired or level of

competence.

□ Follow-up studies of trainee.

□ Outside educators or consulting firm evaluation.

□ Other (give brief description)______

1. TRAINING RECORDS

How is an em ployee’s training experience recorded and/or maintained by your establishment? (Check one or more blocks.)

□ No records maintained.

□ Record maintained in our personnel department.

□ Record maintained in our training department.

□ Record maintained by our payroll department.

D Record maintained by employee’s supervisor.

□ Other (give brief description) ________________________________________________________________

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J. TRAINING COSTS

1. Does the establishment have a specific budget allocation for training? ........................ Yes □ No □ (skip to question K.)

2. If yes, identify any or all of the training cost items listed below for which separate and specific costs are recorded in the training

records of your establishment. (Check one or more blanks.)

□ No separate costs records are kept.

□ Tuition, books, supplies, etc.

□ Trainee transportation reimbursement.

□ Personnel costs (instructors, support staff, consultants, etc.)

□ Cost of training facility.

□ Overhead costs charged to training.

□ Labor cost of trainees.

□ Other (give brief description) __________________________________________________________________

K. BENEFITS ACCRUING TO EMPLOYEES WHO COMPLETE TRAINING

Please identify any or all of the following benefits which accrue to an employee who successfully completes training.

# Check blocks in column (1) to identify benefits which accrue to an employee who successfully completes

qualifying training in programs reported on page 6. (Check one or more blocks.)

# Check blocks in column (2) to identify benefits which accrue to an employee who successfully completes

skill improvement training in programs reported on page 7. (Check one or more blocks.)

( 1 ) (2 )

Qualifying Skill ImproveTraining ment Training

(See page 6) (See page 7) Benefit

Promotion when training is satisfactorily completed or soon thereafter.

Employee returns to his regular job but may receive a higher pay rate.

Completion certificate placed in employee’s personnel file.

Other (give brief description) -----------------------------------------------------

L. EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION FOR TIME SPENT IN TRAINING

1. Does the establishment provide training outside of the trainee’s

regular working hours?.......................................................................

2. If yes, do most trainees receive pay for this time spent in training?

3. Does the establishment provide training off the production site

during the trainee’s regular working h ou rs?...................................

4. If yes, do most trainees receive pay for this time spent in training?

Yes □ No □ (skip to question L.3.)

Yes □ No □

Yes □ No □ (skip to question M.)

Yes □ No □

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M. SPECIFIC JOB SKILLS TAUGHT

Column 1: If you reported “QUALIFYING TRAINING” on page 6, please enter in column 1 below the title o f the one occupation in

which the largest number o f people were trained. Then, by means o f checkmarks identify any subject-matter in the training

program related to that occupation that accounts for at least 10% o f the trainees’ total instruction time. (If both OJT and

OPST programs are reported on page 6 for the occupation being reported and the same number o f people were trained in

each, complete this section for the OPST program.)

Column 2: If you reported “SKILL IMPROVEMENT TRAINING” on page 7, please enter in column 2 below the title o f the one occupation in which the largest number o f people were trained. Then, by means o f checkmarks, identify any subject-matter in the

training program related to that occupation that accounts for at least 10% o f the trainees’ total instruction time. (If both OJT

and OPST programs are reported on page 7 for the occupation being reported and the same number o f people were trained in

each, com plete this section for the OPST program.)

Write in the title o f the occupation for

which you are supplying data.

COLL

QUALIFYINC

E L E ti

JM N'l

J TRAINING

T R 1 C IA M

C O L U M N 2

SKILL IMPROVEMENT TRAINING

L A Y-OUT MAN, M E T A L

TRAINING CONTENT

On-the-Job

(OJT)

Off-Production

Site (OPST)

On-the-Job

(OJT)

Off-Production

Site (OPST)

1. Production and Quality Control

2. Care and use of Tools and Equipment / i______________

3. Trade Mathematics

4. Blueprint Reading/Drafting /

5. Layout and Planning Procedures S

W rite in th e title o f th e o c c u p a tio n fo r

w h ich y o u are s u p p ly in g d a ta .

C O L U M N 1

Q U A L I F Y I N G T R A IN IN G

C O L U M N 2

S K IL L IM P R O V E M E N T T R A I N I N G

T R A IN IN G C O N T E N T

O n - th e - J o b

(O J T )

O f f - P r o d u c tio n 

S ite (O P S T )

O n - th e - J o b

(O J T )

O f f - P r o d u c tio n 

S ite (O P S T )

1. P r o d u c tio n an d Q u a lity C o n tr o l

2. Care and u se o f T o o ls an d E q u ip m e n t

3. T rade M a th e m a tic s

4 . B lu ep rin t R e a d in g /D r a ftin g

5. L a y o u t an d P la n n in g P r o ced u res

6. M a ch in e O p er a tio n

7. E stim a tin g L ab or and M aterial

R e q u ir e m e n ts

8. S a fe ty P r o ced u res

9. P rev en tiv e M a in te n a n c e , R ep a ir,

and I n sp e c tio n

10. W ork A ttitu d e s and H a b its

1 1. L ea d ersh ip T raining

12. C o m m u n ic a tio n S k ills

13. O th er S u b jec t M atter (p le a se s p e c ify )

i

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N. METHOD OF SELECTING EMPLOYEES FOR TRAINING

1. Please identify any or all of the following factors which influence your selection of employees for training.

# Check blocks in column (1) to identify selection factors for qualifying training reported on page 6.

(Check one or more blocks.)

# Check blocks in column (2) to identify selection factors for skill improvement training reported on page 7.

(Check one or more blocks.)

(1)

Qualifying

Training

(See page 6)

(2)

Skill Improvement Training

(See page 7)

(i) □

(2) □

(3) □

(4) □

(5) □

(6) □ □

_______________ SELECTION FACTORS______________

Length of service with our establishment or company.

Favorable work record with our establishment or company.

To meet or fulfill affirmative action policies.

Employee’s interest in an occupation.

Tests (achievement, aptitude, etc.).

Other (give brief description) -------------------------------------

2. Which one of the factors which you identified above is most important in the selection process? Enter the number

(1 through 6) of the primary factor.

(a) Qualifying Training:

(b) Skill Improvement Training:

NO.

NO.

3. Does your establishment have a collective bargaining agreement with a labor union which stipulates any of the selection

factors you identified in question N.l above?

Yes □ No □

0 . W HOM S H O U L D WE C O N T A C T if questions arise regarding this report? (Please print or type.)

Name: Title:

City/State: Area Code/Phone Number:

T h an k y o u for y o u r c o o p e r a tio n . P lease be sure that th e form w h ich y o u return to us is th e o n e w ith the m ailin g label

a ffix e d to th e first page.

If y o u w ish to receive a c o m p lim e n ta r y c o p y o f th e survey report w h ic h w e plan to p u b lish , p lease c h eck h ere. □

☆ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1977 0-261-017

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Regional Offices

Region I

1603 JFK Federal Building 

Government Center 

Boston, Mass. 02203 

Phone: (617) 223-6761

Region II

Suite 3400 

1515 Broadway 

New York, N Y 10036 

Phone: (212)399-5405

Region III

3535 Market Street 

P.O. Box 13309 

Philadelphia, Pa. 19101 

Phone: (215) 596-1154

Region IV

1371 Peachtree Street, NE. 

Atlanta, Ga. 30309 

Phone: (404)881-4418

Region V

9th Floor

Federal Office Building 

230 S. Dearborn Street 

Chicago, III. 60604 

Phone: (312)353-1880

Region VI

Second Floor

555 Griffin Square Building 

Dallas, Tex. 75202 

Phone: (214) 749-3516

Regions VII and VIII*

911 Walnut Street 

Kansas City, Mo. 64106 

Phone: (816)374-2481

Regions IX and X**

450 Golden Gate Avenue 

Box 36017

San Francisco, Calif. 94102 

Phone: (415) 556-4678

^Regions VII and VIII are serviced 

by Kansas City

** Regions IX and X are serviced 

by San Francisco

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Washington, D.C. 20212

Official Business 

Penalty for private use, $300

Postage and Fees Paid 

U.S. Department of Labor

Third Class Mail

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