UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

J. A. Krug, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

W..E. Wrather, Director

Professional Paper 210

SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO 

GENERAL GEOLOGY

1946

UNITED STATES

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON : 1947 .

CONTENTS

[The letters in parentheses preceding the titles are those used to designate the individual papers!

(A) Tertiary Foraminifera from St. Croix, Virgin Islands (published in September 1946)__________________________.,____

(B) A Pennsylvanian flbrule from the Forkston coal in the Dutch Mountain outlier, northeastern Pennsylvania (published in 

September 1946)_______________________________________________________________________________________

(C) Reptilian fauna of the North Horn formation of central Utah (published in January 1947)------------____----_-___-

(D) Bulimina and related foraminiferal genera (published in ———— 1947)____________________________________________

(E) New Upper Cretaceous fossils from Mississippi and Texas (published in ———— 1947)__-_--__-_-_-__-______________

Pige 

1

17

29

55

161

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page 

PLATES 1-2. Flora of the Forkston coal______________ 24-25

3. View of badland. area of the North Horn 

formation looking toward North Horn 

Mountain from the south._____________ 40

4. Two views of quarry showing bones in

place-_______________________________ 40

5—10. Skeletal parts of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis

Gilmore____________________________ 52

11. Crest portions of th6 frill of Arrhinoceratops?

utahensis Gilmore _____________________ 52

12. Median portion of skull of Arrhinoceratops?

utahensis _ _____________________________ 52

13. Epoccipital bones tentatively referred to

Arrhinoceratops? utahensis- _____________ 52

14. Parts of ceratopsian skull and a hadrosaurian femur ___________________________ 52

15. Terebralina, Turrilina, and Buliminella---- 140

16. Buliminella__________'_________________ 141

17. Buliminella, Buliminoides, and Ungulatella-.. 142

18. Robertina and Pseudobulimina ____________ 143

19,20. Bulimina___________________________ 144^145

21. Bulimina and Buliminella^ _______________ 146

22-28. Bulimina____________ ________________ 147-153

29. Bulimina, Bulimina (Desinobulimina), Neobulimina, Globobulimina- ______________ 154

30. Buliminella, Bulimina, Globobulimina^ _ _ _ _ _ 155

31. Fossils from the A vent and McRae wells 

in Mississippi and a new Venericardia 

from Uvalde County, Tex______________ 190

32-33. Fossils from the Avent well in Mississippi. 192, 194

FIGURE 1. Generalized geologic map of St. Croix_______ 2

2. Cross section of central part of St. Croix, 

showing location of test wells with reference 

to the geologic features._________________ 3

3. Reconstruction of Lacoea seriata Read, n. sp.,

to show gross morphology______________ 20

4. Chevrons of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis Gilmore __________________________________ 33

5. Outlines of sternal plates of Alamosaurus

sanjuanensis-. __________________________ 34

6. Left scapula and coracoid of Alamosaurus

sanjuanensis—-- _______________________ 35

7. Forelimbs of Alamosaurus and Apatosaurus

viewed from in front-___________________ 37

8. Right humerus of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis

viewed from in front-____________________ 37

9. Right radius and ulna of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis shown as found articulated-_____ 38

10. Right metacarpus of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis- _________________________________ 38

11. Coossified ischia of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis '

viewed from above______________________ 40

12. Incomplete skull of Arrhinoceratops? utahensis

Gilmore viewed from the right side________ 44

13. Geologic map of North Horn area, Emery

bounty, Utah___---_-_----__-------___- 49

INSERT

Distribution of species of Foraminifera in three wells on St. Croix.

m

Page

2

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

J. A. Krug, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY 

W. £. Wratber, Director

Professional Paper 210-A

TERTIARY FORAMINIFERA FROM ST. CROIX

VIRGIN ISLANDS

BY 

J. A. CUSHMAN

WITH

A NOTE ON THE GEOLOGY

BY

D. J. CEDERSTROM

• Shorter contributions 'to general geology, 1946 

(Pages 1-17)

UNITED STATES

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON : 1946

For Ml* by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C>

Price 20 cents
CONTENTS

Pkge

Abstract _ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1

Introduction _________________________________________________________________________________________________ I

Note on the geology of St. Croix, Virgin Islands, by D. J. Cederstrom________________________________________________ 1

Foraminifera_ ________________________________ _*_____________l_________________--_-.___--___-__---__ _'_______-___ 2

Distribution and age.______________________________________________________________________________________ 2

Notes on the species-_--_____________-__._-____________________________--_-_____----____---__________-__--- 2

Index. ___________________________________'______.___._______.._ ________._.__--____--_---__-__-_-_____----__--_ 15

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page 

FIGUBE 1. Generalized geologic map of St. Croix___________.___-__.________-__-_--._.-_-_--__-__-_-_--._--.._-_____ 2

2. Cross section of central part of St. Croix, showing location of test wells with reference to the geologic features.. _ 3

INSERT

Page 

Distribution of species of Foraminifera in three wells on St. Croix_______-___.-____-_-___-_-____---________-._-_---- 2

n
Tertiary Foraminifera from St. Croix, Virgin Islands

By J. A. CUSHMAN

ABSTRACT

This paper records the Foraminifera found in three wells 

drilled on the island of St. Croix, V. I. The spe cies and varieties 

found total 103 forms, of which 5 wexe originally described from 

this material. Two of the wells and the upper part of the third 

appear to cut Miocene rocks. The lower part of the third well 

appears to have reached Oligocene rocks.

INTRODUCTION

This paper is based on the Foraminifera found in the 

cuttings from three test wells drilled in the winter of 

1938-39 on the island of St. Croix, V. I. These wells 

were drilled as part of a program of test drilling for 

ground water financed by the Public Works Administration and were located on lands owned by the United 

States Government that have been put to economic use 

by the Virgin Islands Co., a quasi-government corporation. The wells were drilled by the rotary, clay-seal 

method, and much mixing of material from, lesser depths1 

with that of greater depths has taken place. It is 

believed, however, that valuable data have been obtained from the cuttings and that the results ape well 

worth recording.

The geographic and geologic setting of the wells is 

described by D. J. Cederstrom, of the Geological 

Survey, who made a study of the geology and groundwater conditions of the. island, supervised the test 

drilling, and collected the cuttings on which this paper 

is based.

NOTE ON THE GEOLOGY OF ST. CROIX, VIRGIN ISLANDS

By D. J. CEDERSTROM

The island of St. Croix lies about 95 miles southsoutheast of San Juan, P. R., and is one of the Virgin 

Islands group, of which St. Thomas, St. John, and St. 

Croix belong to the United States. The island is about 

21 miles long. The western part is about 6 miles wide, 

but the eastern part tapers to a width of less than 1 

mile at the eastern end.

The western part of the island is made up Of a 

mountainous area on the north and a rolling plain on 

the south. The eastern part of the island is mountainous. (See fig. 1.) The mountainous areas are 

composed of limestones, breccia, tuff> and volcanic 

flows of Cretaceous age, strongly folded, metamorphosed, and intruded by dioritic rocks of early Tertiary (?) age. The rolling plain flanking the northern 

range of mountains is underlain by Tertiary sediments 

chiefly soft white or creamy marls with intercalated

somewhat more consolidated thin-bedded white limestone strata. These beds are gently folded along axep 

that trend west-southwest. The test drilling revealed 

that these limy strata are underlain by a gray clay and 

included limestone conglomerate whose maximum 

thickness is unknown. 1 In test well No. 1, the location 

of which is shown in figure 1, a thickness of 1,400 feet 

of this formation was penetrated. In test well No. 2 

the gray clay is underlain by a basal limestone conglomerate, as shown in the -accompanying log of the well 

and in the diagram, figure 2. /

The older Upper Cretaceous rocks making up the 

mountainous areas, referred to by Kemp 2 as the 

Mount Eagle series, are referred to now as the Mount 

Eagle volcanics. The marly Tertiary rocks exposed at 

the surface of the rolling plain were named the Kingshill 

series by Kemp.3 They are now referred to as the 

Kingshill marl. The dark clays and included conglom- ' 

eratic material found below the light colored Kingshill 

marl have been named by the writer 4 the Jealousj" 

formation.

Much has been written on the,geology of St. Croir, 

by Danish, German, Swedish, and American geologists. 

Most of the reports written before 1927 are reviewed 

by Kemp in the publication referred to above. The 

report by Vaughan 5 on the stratigraphy of St. Croix ir 

of especial interest to students of paleontology. Foraminifera and other fossils are listed in his report that 

were found in samples taken from outcrops at Evening 

Hill and Montpeiier, 1 mile and 3 miles, respectively, 

northwest of Christiansted; at Annas Hope, 2 milee 

southwest of Christiansted; and near Wheel of Fortune 

Estate, 1 mile south of Frederiksted. Vaughan founc1 

that the strata at Evening Hill and Montpeiier are probably late Oligocene in age, although they may possibly 

be assigned to early Miocene. At Annas Hope the 

horizon was determined to be very low in the Miocene, 

and near Wheel of Fortune the strata were assigned tc 

the middle Oligocene.

The main geologic features of the island of St. Croix 

are outlined.in two papers.6

1 Cederstrom, D. J., Notes on the physiography of St. Croix, V. I.: Am. Jour. 

Sci., vol. 239, pt. 2, No. 8, pp. 553-576, 1941.

2 Kemp, J. F., Introduction and review of the literature on the geology of the 

Virgin Islands: New York Acad. Sci., Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the 

Virgin Islands, vol. 4, pt. 1, p. 49, 1926.

s Idem, p. 28.

4 Cederstrom, D. J., op. cit., p. 557.

«Vaughan, T. W., Stratigraphy of the Virgin Islands of the United States and of 

Culebra and Vieques Islands, and notes on eastern Porto Rico: Washington Acad. 

Sci. Jour., vol. 13, pp. 303-317, 1923.

«Cederstrom, D. J., Notes on the physiography of St. Croix, V. I.: Am. Jour. 

Sci., vol. 239, pt. 2, No. 8, pp. 553-576, 1941; Geology and ground-water resources of 

St. Croix, V. I.: U. 8. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper——(in preparation).
SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 194Q

S+fest well No.2 

• Test we/INo.l

Area underlain by 

Tertiary marl and 

younger alluvium

Area underlain by 

Cretaceous volcanics 

and intrusive diortte

5 Miles 

J

FIGDEE 1.—Generalized geologic map of St. Croix, V. I.

The logs of the three wells, from which the material 

used in this paper were derived, are as follows:

Test well No. 1, 500 yards east-northeast of Bethlehem

Thickness Depth 

(feet) (feet)

Yellow marl_________________________ 18 0-18

Coarse sand_________________________ 4 18-22

Coarse gravel----.-.---___---__.___. 3 22-25

'Yellow marl_____________________ 83 25-108

Greenish gray clay (thin, hard layers of

limy rock at 728, 732, 762, 770, 778, and

802ft.)_________--_--__---____.__ 987 108-1,095 

Conglomerate-boulders of older, hard rock

cemented by lime; clayey streaks present- 16 1, 095-1, 111 

Gray clay.________________________ 85 1,111-1,196

Conglomerate..--_____-__-._____ 5 1,196-1,201 

Gray clay, with hard streaks at 1,291,

1,305-1,307, and 1,448ft-----__.... 305 1,201-1,506

Test well No. 2, 300 yards west of great-house at Jealousy

Yellow marl (contains hard, limy layers, 

each a few inches in thickness, at 81, 83, 

84, 85, and 88 ft.)____.-_--_-.__-_--_._ 91 0-91

Gray clay __ _ ____ ___________ _ 133 91-224

Clay and boulders.__._____________ 4 224-228

Gray clay..____--_-_.._____-_.____.._ 17 228-245

Gray and black clay containing a considerable amount of rounded pebbles 

and small boulders___.._---_-________- 10 245-255

Gray clay containing a variable but small

amount of sand and pebbles_________ 143 255-398

Hard limestone conglomerate___ _ _.-_._ 61 398-459 

Hard basement rock_ __________________ 11 459-470

Test well No. 8, at Fair Plain, five-eighths of a mile west of 

Anguilla

Fine sand, gradually becoming a coarse

gravel with depth_______________ 33 0-33

Clay, same what sandy or gravelly. ______ 24 33-57

Coarse sand and gravel (water bearing) _ 5 57-62

Clay___-_--__-_-___________________ 8 62-70

Sand and gravel (water bearing)_________ 3 70-73

Yellowish marl __ _______________ 89 73-162

Limestone.------------.___-______._ 5 162-167

Yellowish to white marl____-_._______ 8 167-185

Limestone and marl__________________ 10 185-195

Yellowish marl_______________ 13 195-208

Blue clay.______..___r __________ 17 208-225

FORAMINIFERA

By J. A. CUSHMAN

DISTRIBUTION AND AGE

Foraminifera are numerous in the weT cuttings, 103 

forms having beefr recognized. As noted above, the 

manner of drilling of the three wells TTas such that 

much mixing of materials was possible. Only the level 

of first appearance of a species is therefore significant, 

that is, the highest level in the wells, for lower appearances may be merely the effect of mixing1 .

The distribution of the species in eacE well is shown 

on the accompanying chart. On the following pages 

notes are given on the distribution of the species in the 

samples, and then* known occurrences elsewhere for 

comparison.

The age of the samples from test well No. 2 and test 

well No. 3 and from the upper part of test well No. 1 

seems to be definitely Miocene. The lovT er part of test 

well No. 1 contains species that are known to occur 

particularly in the Oligocene, and from these species it 

is inferred that the well penetrated the Oligocene.

NOTES ON THE SPECIES

Family TEXTULARHDAE

Genus TEXTUIARIA Defrance, 1824

Textularia leuzingeri Cushman and Renz

Textularia leuzingeri Cushman and; Renz, Cuahman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 17, p. 3, pi. 1, figs. 2a-c, 1941. 

Cushman and Stainforth, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Special Pub. 14, p. 15, pi. 1, figs. 19, 20, 1945. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Special Pub. 15, p. 3, pi. 1, figs. 6a, b, 1945.

Test of medium size, broadly rounded at the initial 

end, sides in the adult nearly parallel, strongly compressed toward the periphery, which is subacute; 

chambers numerous, low and broad, the early ones 

indistinct, later ones with the anterior pcHions strongly 

raised, concave posteriorly; sutures indistinct, nearly 

straight, oblique; wall rather coarsely arenaceous, surface somewhat roughened; aperture a narrow, slightly 

rounded opening in the median line at the base of the 

apertural face. Length, 0.60-0.90 mm.; breadth 

0.45-0.50 mm.; thickness 0.25 mm.

TERTIARY FORAMINIFERA FROM ST. CROIX, VIRGIN ISLANDS

Specimens referable to this species, described from 

Venezuela, are rare in test well NoM at 960, 1,020, 

1,390, and 1,430 feet and in test well No. 3 at 100 feet. 

The species occurs in Venezuela in beds ranging from 

the upper Oligocene to the middle Miocene, in tl x e 

Oligocene Cipero formation of Trinidad, and in the 

Miocene of Buff Bay, Jamaica.

Genus VtJLVUHNA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Vulvulina spinosa Cushman var. miocenica Cushman

Vulvulina spinosa Cushman var. miocenica Cushman, Cushrnan

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol; 8, p. 80, pi. 10, fig.

10, 1932. 

Coryell and Rivero, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 14, p. 325,

pi. 41, fig. 1, 1940. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special

Pub. 15, p. 4, pi. 1, fig. 10, 1945. 

Vulvulina capreolus Cushman [not D'Orbigny], Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 5, p. 80, pi. 12, fig. _6, 1929. 

Vulvulina capreolus D'Orbigny var. spinosa Nuttall, Jour.

Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 6, 1932.

This variety occurs in the Miocene of Jamaica, Haiti, 

Trinidad, Venezuela, and Ecuador. It is present in 

test well No. 1 at 1?090 and 1.430 feet. A single immature specimen from test well No. 2 at 30 feet may belong 

to this variety.

Family VALVUHNIDAE

Genus KARREBIELLA Cushman, 1933 

Karreriella bradyi (Cushman)

Karreriella bradyi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Special Pub. 8, p. 135, pi. 16, figs. 6-11, 1937. 

Coryell and Rivero, Jour.' Paleontology, vol. 14, p. 326,

pi. 43, fig. 5, 1940. 

Franklin, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 307, pi. 44, fips.

16a, b, 1944. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special

Pub. 15, p. 8, pi. 1, fig. 20, 1945. 

Gaudryina pupoides H. B. Brady [not D'Orbignyl, Challenger

Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 378, pL 46, figs. 1-4, 1884. 

Gaudryina bradyi Cushman, TJ. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 2,

p. 67, text figs. 107a-c, 1911.

Gaudryina globulifera Galloway and Morrey fnot Beuss], Bu1 ', 

Am. Paleontology, vol. 15, No. 55, p. 33, pi. 5, figs. 3, 4, 

1929.

This species is widely distributed and ranges from tH 

Oligocene to the Recent. The records in the Miocene 

are from Ecuador, Haiti, Jamaica, and Egypt. In 

the material from St. Croix it is present in all three 

wells. Only a few of the references are given above.

Genus SCHENCKIELLA Thalmann, 1943 

Schenckiella cf. S. petrosa (Cushman and Bermudez)

A single specimen from test well No. 1, at a depth of 

1,360 feet, is very similar to this species, described 

from the Eocene of Cuba and recorded from tH 

Oligocene of Cuba and Trinidad.

Family MILIOLIDAE

Genus QUINQUELOCTJUNA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Quinqueloculina. venusta Earrer

Quinqueloculina venusta Karrer, Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsbe~.,

vol. 58, pt. 1, p. 147, Pi. 2, fig. 6, 1868. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, pp. 23, 70, pi. 28,

fig. 3; pi. 29, fig. 2, 1918. 

Miliolina venusta (Karrer) H. B. Brady, Challengerr Rep*.,

Zoology, vol. 9, p. 162, pi. 5, figs. 5, 7, 1884. 

Flint, U. S. Nat. Mus. Rept. for 1897, p. 289, pi. 44, fig. 2, 

1899.
SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

This species has already been recorded from -the 

Miocene of the eastern Coastal Plain region of the 

United States. It is present in test well No. 1 at 

depths ranging from 100 to 1,430 feet.

Quinqueloculina seminula (Linn6)

This species has been widely recorded. Single specimens from test well No. 1, at 1,120 and 1,450 feet, may 

be referred to it.

Quinqueloculina lamarckiana D'Orbigny

A single slightly broken specimen with angular periphery is similar to this species.

Genus SPIROLOCULINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Spiroloculina obscura Cushman and Todd

Spiroloculina grateloupi D'Orbigny [not Terquem, 1878],

Annales sci. nat., vol. 7, p. 298, 1826. 

Terquem, Soc. g£ol. France M£m., 3d ser., vol. 2, p. 155,

pi. 16 (24), figs. 6 a, b, 1882. 

Fornasini, Accad. sci. 1st. Bologna Mem., ser. 6, vol. 1, p. 4,

pi. 1, figs. 3a, b, 1904.

Spiroloculina obscura Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Special Pub. 11, p. 20, pi. 1, iigs. 8a, b; 

pi. 3, figs. 22-25, 1944.

This species was named from the Miocene of France 

and also recorded from the Eocene of France. A single 

specimen from test well No. 1 at 520 feet is of the 

general form of this species.

Genus SIGMOILINA Schlumberger, 1887 

Sigmoilina schlumbergeri A. Silvestri

A single specimen from test well No. 3 at 130 feet is 

typical. The species has been recorded from the 

Miocene of Haiti by Coryell and Rivero (Jour. Paleontology, vol. 14, p. 324, 1940) and the Miocene of 

Jamaica by Palmer (Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 29, 

No. 115, p.' 31, 1945) and by Cushman and Todd 

(Cushman Lab. "Foram. Research Special Pub. 15, 

p. 11, pi. 2, fig. 3, 1945).

Genus TRILOCUIINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Triloculina gracilis D'Orbigny

Triloculina gracilis D'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Historia fisica,

politica y natural de la isla de Cuba, Foraminiferes, p.

181, pi. 11, figs. 10-12, 1839. 

Cushman, Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 311, p. 74, 1922;

U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 6, p. 59, pi. 14, figs. 4a-c,

1929. 

Cushman and Wickenden, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 75,

art. 9, p. 3, pi. 1, figs. 3a-c, 1929. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Gebl. Survey Bull. 9, p. 53,

pi. 6, figs. 8, 9, 1932.

Slender specimens referred to this species are present 

in test well No. 1 from 1,200 to 1,430 feet and in test 

well No. 2 at 160 and 360 feet. The species was 

originally described from the West Indian region, and 

it has been recorded from the Miocene Chipola formation of Florida.

Genus PYRGO Defrance, 1824 

Pyrgo depressa (D'Orbigny)

This is a species of rather deep, cool waters. Single 

typical specimens are present in material from test well 

No. 1 at 100 and 480 feet. It occurred also in late

Tertiary material from the Georges Bank in the western 

Atlantic Ocean (Cushman, Geol. Soc. America Bull., 

vol. 47, p. 430, pi. 4, fig. 10, 1936).

Pyrgo murrhina (Schwager)

Biloculina murrhina Schwager, Afowara-Exped. , Geol. Theil, vol.

2, p. 203, pi. 4, figs. 15a-c, 1866. 

Pyrgo nmrrhina Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. T'lll. 104, .pt. 6,

p. 71, pi. 19, figs. 6, 7, 1929. 

Cushman and Jarvis, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 357, pi.

32, figs. 7a, b, 1930. 

Coryell and Rivero, Jour. Paleontology, vo1 . 14, p. 324, pi.

43, fig. 9, 1940. 

Cushman and Stainforth, Cushman Lab. Foram, Research

Special Pub. 14, p. 21, pi. 2, fig. 22, 1945. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Special Pub. 15, p. 12, pi. 2, fig. 5, 1945.

This is another species of fairly deep water. It has 

already been recorded from the Miocene of Jamaica 

and Haiti and the Oligocene of Trinidad.

Family LAGENIDAE 

Genus ROBULUS Montfort, 1808

A few specimens of Robulus, nearly all of them young 

stages and therefore difficult to identify with any 

degree of certainty, are perhaps referable to R. americanus (Cushman), and one or two others to R. catenulatus (Cushman).

Genus PLANULARIA Defrance, 1834 

Planularia cf. P. venezuelana Hedt <^rg

This species was described from the upper Oligocene 

of Venezuela. A single specimen was fo'und in the 

sample from test well No. 1 at a depth of 1,390 feet.

Genus MARGINULJNA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Marginulina glabra D'Orbigny

A number of specimens may be referred to this species, 

and as usual the specimens show a wide r,->nge of variation. In test well No. 1 the specimens vTere found at 

depths of 230, 520, 1,270, and 1,430 feet; in test well 

No. 2 at 90 feet; and in test well No. 3 at 90 feet.

Marginulina cf. M. dubia Neugebor^n

A specimen from test well No. 1 at 5 SO feet seems 

fairly typical; another from test well No. 2 at 330 feet 

is less typical. The species has been recorded from the 

Miocene of Florida and elsewhere.

Genus DENTALINA D'OrbigHy, 

Dentalina communis D'Orbigny

In the Florida Miocene this species seems confined 

to the Choctawhatchee formation. It occurs also in 

the Miocene Gatun formation of the Panama Canal 

Zone and in the Miocene of Buff Bay, Jamaica. In 

test well No. 1 the occurrences are at 70, 280, 480, 

1,120, and 1,430 feet, and in test well No. 3, at 130 feet.

Dentalina consobrina D'Orbigny var. emaciata Reuss

Kecords include the Miocene Shoal River formation 

of Florida and Yorktown formation of -ViKjinia. Specimens are present in test well No. 1 at 100, 580, and 690 

feet.
TERTIARY FORAMINIFERA FROM ST. CROIX, VIRGIN ISLANDS

Dentalina cf. D. mucronata Neugeboren

Specimens resembling this species are from test well 

No. 1 at 100 and 920 feet and test well No. 3 at 100 

feet.

Dentalina cf. D. isidroensis Cushman and Renz

A single incomplete specimen from test well No. 1, 

at 960 feet, closely resembles this species, described 

from the Miocene of Venezuela.

Genus NODOSARIA Lamarck, 1812 

Nodosaria vertebralis (Batsch)

A single typical megalospheric specimen from test 

well No. 1 at 640 feet is the only record from these wells.

Genus PSEUDOGIANDUIINA Cushman, 1909

Pseudoglandulina laevigata (D'Orbigny) var. occidentalis 

C ashman

A single specimen from test well No. 2 at 100 feet 

is the only representative of this variety. It has been 

recorded from the late Tertiary of Georges Bank, in 

the western Atlantic Ocean.

Pseudoglandulina gallowayi Cushman

Kecords for this species include the Miocene of 

Ecuador, Trinidad, and California and the Oligocene 

of Trinidad. A single specimen was found in test well 

No. I at 1,110 feet.

Genus SARACENARIA Defrance, 1834 

Saracenaria acntauricularis (Fichtel and Moll)

This species is known from the Miocene of Trinidad, 

Venezuela, and Haiti, and from the Miocene 'Choctawhatchee and Shoal Kiver formations of Florida. The 

only specimen in the present material is from test well 

No. 1 at 24 to 30 feet.

Genus IINGULINA D'Orbigny, 1836 

Lingulina seminuda Hantken

This species has been recorded from the Miocene of 

Buff Bay, Jamaica. A single specimen was found in 

test well No. 1 at a depth of 1,390 feet.

Genus LAGENA Walker and Jacob, 1798

A number of species of this genus, mainly represented 

by single specimens, were found in the material from 

St. Croix. Larger series of most of them are needed 

to show possible variation, and they are not here specifically identified.

Family POLYMORPHINIDAE

Genus GUTTULINA D'Orbigny, 1839

Guttulina irregularis (D'Orbigny)

Globulina irregularis D'Orbigny, Foraminiferes fossiles du bassin

tertiaire de Vienna, p. 226, pi. 13, figs. 9, 10, 1846. 

Guttulina irregularis Cushman and Ozawa, II. S. Nat. Mus. 

Proc., vol. 77, art. 6, p. 25, pi. 3, figs. 4, 5: pi. 7, figs. 1, 2, 

1930.

Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 33, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 64,

pl. 9, figs. 10-12, 1932.

' Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 181, p. 24, pl. 9, 

figs. 13-16, 1935.

This species has been recorded from the Miocene of 

Florida as well as from most of the Tertiary of the Gulf

Coastal Plain area. It is present in test well No. 2 at 

depths of 30 and 100 feet and in test well No. 3 at a 

depth of 90 feet.

Guttulina tectea (Walker and Jacob)

(For references to this species see Cushman and Ozawa, U. S. 

Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 77, art. 6, p. 43, 1930.)

This widely distributed species has been recorded 

from the Miocene of Florida (Cushman and Ponton, 

Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 65, pl. 9, figs. 15a, b, 

1932), where it occurs in the Shoal River and Chipola 

formations. The only occurrence in the St. Croix 

material is in test well No. 2 at a depth of 30 feet.

Guttulina eaudata D'Orbigny

This species, like the preceding, has been recorded 

from the Miocene of Florida, from both the Shoal 

River and Chipola formations (Cushman and Ponton, 

Florida Geol. Survey Bull. .9, p. 65, pl. 9, figs. 16, 17, 

1932). It is present in test well No. 1 at a depth of 

580 feet.

Genus PYBUHNA D'Orbigny, 1839

Pyrulina albatrossi Cushman and Ozawa

Pyrulina albatrossi Gushman and Ozawa, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Proc., vol. 77, art. 6, p. 58, pl.-15, figs. 1-3, 1930. 

Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 34, pl. 5, fiss.

17, 18, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 66,

1932. 

Cushman and Cahill, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 175^-A,

p. 18, pl. 6, figs. 5a, b, 1933.

This species is known from the Miocene of the Coastal 

Plain region of the United States. .The types are Recent 

from a station off Cuba. .

Genus PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA Cushman and Ozawa, 1828 

Pseudopolymorphina dumblei (Cushman and Applin)

Polymorphina compressa D'Orbigny var. dumblei Cushman and

Applin, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10,

p. 173, pl. 9, figs. 4, 5, 1926. 

Pseudopolymorphina dumblei Cushman and Ozawa, U. S. Nat.

Mus. Proc., vol. 77, art. 6, p. 97, pi. 25, figs, la, b, 19m 

Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 35, pl. 6, fig. 5,

1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 67,

1932. 

Ellisor, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 17,

no. 11, pl. 7, fig. 2, 1933. 

Cushman and Cahill, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 175-A,

p. 19, pl. 6, figs. lOa, b, 1933. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 181, p. 29, pl. 10,

figs. 14, 15, 1935.

Although first described from Eocene deposits, in 

which it is found at various localities, the form also 

occurs in the Miocene Shoal River and Chipola formations of Florida, and in the Miocene St. Marys and 

Calvert formations of Maryland. It was found in material from test well No. 2 at depths of 90 and~330 fe?t.

Family NONIOWIDAE

Genus NONION Montfort, "1808

Nonion pompiltoides (Fichtel and Moll)

(For references see Cushman, U. S. Geol. Surrey Prof. Paper 

191, p. 19, 1939.)

This species is recorded from the Miocene of Ecuador, 

Venezuela, Trinidad, and Haiti, from the late Tertiary
SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOIX)GY, 1946

of Georges Bank in the western Atlantic Ocean, and 

from the American Pliocene and Oligocene. Specimens 

are present in samples from test well No. 1 at depths of 

230 to 1,390 feet and from test well No. 3 at 330 feet.

Nonion affine (Reuss)

(For references see Cushman, U. S. Ggol. Survey Prof. Paper 

191, p. 9, 1939.)

This species is common in the Oligocene of Europe 

and has been recorded from the Miocene of Venezuela 

and Ecuador. It is also recorded from California in 

formations of similar age. It occurs in test well No. 1 

at depths ranging from 24 to 1,360 feet and in test well 

No. 3 from 90 to 130 feet.

Nonion grateloupi (D'Orbigny)

(For references see Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

191, p. 21, 1939.)

This species was described from the West Indian 

region. In the American Miocene it occurs in the 

Choctawhatchee, Shoal River, Oak Grove, and Chipola 

formations of Florida; the Chop tank and Calvert formations of Maryland; and the Yorktown formation of 

Virginia. The specimens from St. Croix are in some 

features similar to Nonion extensum (Cushman). The 

few specimens are from test well No. 1 at depths of 

780 and 1,120 feet and from test well No. 2 at 100 feet.

Nonion medio-costatum (Cushman)

(For references see Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

191, p. 15, 1939.)

This species, known from the Miocene Monterey 

shale of California, is represented by a single typical 

specimen from test well No. 1 at a depth of 580 feet.

Genus ELPHIDIUM Montfort, 1808 

Elphidium sagrai (D'Orbigny)

(For references see Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

191, p. 55, 1939.)

This species was originally described from the shore 

sands of Cuba and is widely distributed hi the general 

West Indian region. It occurs hi the Miocene in Cuba, 

Puerto Rico, and Jamaica; in the Choctawhatchee, 

Chipola, and Oak Grove formations of Florida; and in 

the Duplin marl of North Carolina. It is found in 

test well No. 1 at depths of 580 and 1,090 feet and in 

test well No. 2 at 90 feet.

Family KETEROKELICIDAE 

Genus PLECTOFRONDICULARIA Liebus, 1903 

Plectofrondicularia jarvisi Cushman and Todd

Plectofrondicularia vaughani Cushman and Jarvis [not Cushman],

Jour. Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 361, pi. 33, fig. 4, 1930. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 5,

pi. 26, fig. 27, 1933. 

Coryell and Rivero, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 14, p. 341,

pi. 42, fig. 28, 1940.

Cushman, Fpraminifera, 3rd Ed., Key,- pi. 26, fig. 27, 1940.

Plectofrondicularia jarvisi Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Special Pub. 15, p. 38, pi. 6, fig. 4, 1945.

This species was described from the Miocene of Buff 

Bay, Jamaica, and it occurs in the Miocene of Haiti. 

A typical specimen was found in test well No. 1 at a 

depth of 1,330 feet.

Plectofrondicularia hedbergi Cnshnirn

Plectofrondicularia californica Hedberg (not Cushman and 

Stewart], Jour. Paleontology, vol. 11, p. 675, pi. 91, 

fig. 7, 1937.

Plectofrondicularia hedbergi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 19, p. 90, pi. 16, fig. 1, 1943.

Test compressed, elongate, sides nearly parallel for 

most of their length, broad faces flattene^ or slightly 

concave, periphery keeled with" an additional lateral 

keel at either side near the margin; chambers numerous, 

biserial in early stages, unisenal hi the adult and increasing rapidly in neight, in the adult higher than 

broad; sutures limbate, slightly depressed; wall smooth, 

except for a central costa for most' of the length of the 

test and occasionally other less developed ones at each 

side. Length 0.50-0.60 mm.; breadth 0.20 mm.

This species,. described from the upp^r Oligocene 

Carapita formation of Venezuela, has b?.en confused 

with Plectofrondicularia californica Cushman and 

Stewart. It differs from that species in the smaller 

size, nearly parallel sides throughout, irore elongate 

median costa, and much higher chambers.

Specimens comparable to those from Venezuela were 

found hi test well No* 1 at 580 and 1,210 feet and test 

well No. 2 at 30 feet.

Plectofrondicularia sp.

A few specimens of a species somewhat similar to the 

preceding but- with a tapering test, lower chambers, 

more costae, and the broad faces distinctly concave, 

were found hi test well No. 1 at 1,430 feet. Not 

enough specimens are available to warrant description, 

although the species appears to be undescnbed.

Family BULIMINIDAE

Genus BTJIIMINELLA Cushman, 1911

Buliminella subfusiformis Cushman

This species was described from jthe Miocene of 

California, but also occurs in the Miocene Choctawhatchee, Shoal River, and Oak Grove formations of 

Florida, and hi the Duplin marl of North Carolina. It 

is found hi test well No. 1 at 870 feet.

Buliminella brevior Cushman

This species has been known previouHy only from 

the Miocene of California. It occurs in typical form 

in test well No. 1 at a depth of 70 feet.

Buliminella elegantissima (D'Orbifny)

This species is known from a wide range in the 

American Tertiary. It occurs in the Miocene of both 

the east and west coasts of America. Tl °. only record 

in the present material is from test well No. 2 at 360 

feet.

Genus BULIMINA D'Orbigny, If36

Bulimina ovula D'Orbigny

Bulimina ovula D'Orbigny, Voyage dans rAm4riiue me'ridibnale,

vol. 5, ForaminifSres, p. 51, pi. 1, figs. 10. 11, 1839. 

Cushman and Parker (part), Cushman Lao. Foram. Re 

search Contr., vol. 16, p. 10, pi. 2, figs. 13 14 (noi, fig.' 15), 

1940.

This species was described from Recent material off 

Chile and Peru. It has been recorded from the Mio-
TERTIARY FORAMINIFERA FROM ST. CROIX, VIRGIN ISLANDS

cene of California and seems to be common in the well 

samples from St. Croix. Specimens were found in 

test well No. 1 from 100 feet to the bottom of the well; 

in test well No. 2 from 30 to 330 feet; and in test well 

No. 3 from 90 and 130 feet.

Bulimina striata D'Orbigny var. mexicaria Cushman

Bulimina infiata Seguenza var. mexicana Cushman, U. S. Nat.

Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 3, p. 95, pi. 21, fig. 2, 1922. 

Bulimina infiata Flint [not Seguenza] (part)-, U. S. Nat. Mus.

Kept, for 1897, p. 291, pi. 37, fig. 5, 1899. 

Cushman and Jarvis, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 362, pi.

33, fig. 5, 1930. 

Bulimina striata D'Orbigny var. mexicana Cushman and Parker,

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, p. 16,

pi. 3, fig. 9, 1940. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Special Pub. 15, p. 40, pi. 6, fig. 10, 1945.

The- types ,are from an Albatross station in 210 

ifathoms in the Gulf of Mexico. The variety has been 

recorded from the Miocene of Buff Bay, Jamaica. In 

test well No. 1 it is present from 100 to 1,450 feet, in 

test well No. 2 at 360 feet, and in test well No. 3 at 

62 to 70 feet.

Bulimina alazanensis Cushman

Bulimina alazanensis Cushman. Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, p.

161, pi. 25, fig. 4, 1927. 

Palmer and Bermudez, Soc. cubana historia nat. Mem.,

vol. 10, p. 286, 1936. 

Bermtidez, Soc. cubana historia nat. Mem., vol. -11, p. 341,

1937. 

Parker and Bermtidez, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 11, p. 514,

pi. 58, figs. 5a-c, 1937. 

Cushman and Stainforth, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Special Pub. 14, p. 40, pi. 6, fig. 2, 1945.

This species was originally described from the 

Oligocene Alazan shale of Mexico. It is common in 

the samples from St. Croix. In test well No. 1 it 

ranges from 24 to 1,390 feet; in test well No. 2, from 

30 to 390 feet; and in test well No. 3, from 90 to 100 

feet.

Genus ENTOSOLENIA Ehrenberg, 1848

Entosolenia marginata (Walker and Boys)

A number of specimens referable to this species are 

present in the well samples, from test well No. 1 at 

1,210 feet and test well No. 2 at 30, 100, 330, and 390 

feet. As usual in any series referred to this species, 

there is a wide range of variation in the width of the 

keel.

Entosolenia sqnamosa (Montagu)

A single specimen from test well No. 2 at 100 feet is 

typical.

Entosolenia orbignyana (Segnenza) var. trinitatensis (Nnttall)

Rather typical specimens of this variety, described 

by Nuttall from Trinidad, are present in test well No. 

3 at 90 and 100 feet.

Entosolenia orbignyana (Seguenza) var. elliptica Cushman

Well characterized specimens of this variety are 

present in test well No. 1 at 230, 480, and 1,360 feet 

and in test well No. 3 at 130 feet.

690172—46———2

Entosolenia sp.

Numerous other species, mostly represented by sir^le 

specimens in the St. Croix material, are difficult to 

identify positively, and are merely noted here.

Genus VIRGUIINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Virgnlina implicata Cushman

Virgulina implicata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 19, p. 90, pi. 16, figs. 3a, b, 1943.

Test elongate, slender, strongly twisted; early portion 

triserial, remainder of the test biserial, slightly fusiform; chambers distinct, slightly inflated, inerearlng 

gradually in height as added; sutures distinct, sligl x tly 

depressed; wall smooth, coarsely perforate; aperture 

broadly rounded, at the base of the last-formed chamber. Length up to 0.40 mm.; diameter 0.12 mm.

This species was described from material fror^ a 

depth of 230 feet in the Bethlehem Test well No. 1, 

at a locality 500 yards east-northeast of Bethlehem, 

Island of St. Croix, V. I. It differs from Virgulina 

delmonteensis Cushman and Galliher in its more slender, 

more strongly twisted test, and larger, more rounded 

aperture. It is common in the well samples, in test 

well No. 1 from 90 feet at intervals to 1,270 feet, and 

in test well No. 2 at 100, 280, 360, and 390 feet.

Genus BOHVINA D'Orbigny, 1889 

Bolivina tortnosa H. B. Brady

Bolivina tortuosa H. B. Brady, Quart. Jour. Micr. Sci., vol. 21,

p. 27, 1881;, (part), Challenger Rept., Zoology, vo1 . 9,

p. 420, pi. 52, figs. 31, 32 (not figs. 33, 34), 1884. 

Egger, K. bayer, Akad. Wiss., Math.-naturh. Abt., /bh..

fO. 2, vol. 18, pt. 2, p. 298, pL 8, figs. 43, 44 (part), 18r3. 

Millett, Royal Micr. Soc. Jour., p. 543, 1900. 

Chapman, Linnean'Soc. Jourl, Zoology, vol. 28, p. 187, 1900;

p. 382 (list), 1902.

Sidebottom, Royal Micr. Soc. Jour., 1918, p. 127. 

Cushman, Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 342, p» IS, pi.

5, figs, 4, 5, 1924. 

Heron-Alien and Earland, Royal Micr. Soc. Jour., 1924, p.

145; Linnean Soc. Jour., Zoology, vol. 35, p. 621^ 1924, 

Yabe and Hanzawa, Japanese Jour. Geology and Geography,

vol. 4, p. 50 (list), 1925 (1926). 

Hanzawa, Japanese Jour. Geology and Geography, vcl. 4,

p. 40 (table), 1925 (1926).

Macfadyen, Egypt Geol. Survey, 1930, p. 57, 1931. 

Cushman and Parker, TJ. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art.

3, p. 16, pi. 3, figs. 22a, b, 1931. 

Bermddez, Soc. cubana historia nat. Mem., vol. 9, p. 195,

1935. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub.

9, p. 133, pi. 17, figs. 11-19, 1937. 

Cushman and McGlamery, TJ. S. Geol. Survey Prof.

Paper 189-D, p. 107, pi. 25, figs. 13, 21, 1938. 

Palmer, Soc. cubaaa historia nat. Mem., vol. 14, p. 301,

1940. 

Cushman, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 99, no. 9, p. 10,

1941; U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 161, pt. 3, p. 20, pi. 7, figs.

la, b, 1942. 

Cushman and MeGlameryi IT. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper

197-B, p. 70, 1942. 

Cushman and McCulloch, Allan Hancock Pacific Exped.,

vol. 6, No. 4, p. 220, pi. 27, figs. 12a, b, 1942. 

Macfadyen, Geol. Mag., vol. 79, p. 136 (list), 1942. 

Palmer,,Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 29, no. 115, p. 48, 1945. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Special Pub. 15, p. 44, pi. 7, fig. 6, 1945.

The American records for this species as a fossil are 

from the Oligocene of Alabama and Cuba and the
8 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Miocene of Jamaica. It occurs in the Miocene of 

Egypt, where numerous other species occur that are 

identical with those of the Miocene of tropical America. 

Specimens are rare but occur in test well No. 1 at 

depths of 24 to 30, 100, and 370 feet, and in test well 

No. 2 at a depth of 10 feet.

Bolivina pisciformis Galloway and Morrey

Bolivina pisciformis Galkmay and Morrey, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 15, no. 55, p. 36, pi. 5, figs. lOa, b, 1929.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., ^vol. 5, 

p. 93, pi. 13, fig. 26, 1929.

Palmer and Bermudez, Soc. cubana historia nat. Mem., 

vol. 10, p. 289, 1936.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 9, 

p. 92, pi. 11, figs. 20, 21, 1937.

Kleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of California, p. 279, pi. 4, 

fig. 10, Tulsa, 1938.

Renz, 8th Am. Sci. Congress Proc., pp. 546, 553 (lists), 1942.

This species is known from the Miocene of Ecuador, 

Venezuela, Trinidad, and California and the Oligocene 

of Cuba and Trinidad. It is present in test well No. 1 

from 370 to 1,450 feet and in test well No. 2 from 30 

to 280 feet.

Bolivina pisciformis Galloway and Morrey var. optima Cushman

Bolivinapisciformis Galloway and Morrey var. optima Cushman, 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 19, p. 91, 

pi. 16, figs. 2a, b, 1943.

jPThe variety differs from the typical form in having 

the early one-third or one-half ol the test with numerous 

longitudinal costae, the later portion of the test smooth. 

It was described from material at a depth of 520 feet 

in the Bethlehem test well No. 1, at a locality 500 

yards east-northeast of Bethlehem, St. Croix, V. I. 

The mam characters of sutures and chambers ar,e like 

those of typical B. pisciformis, but the ornamentation 

of the early portion is distinctive. Specimens are 

common in the samples from St. Croix.

Bolivina pisciformis Galloway and Morrey var.

Two specimens with spinose periphery seem in other 

essential characters very much like this species. In the 

peripheral spines they resemble B. difformis (Williamson) and B. pygmaea H. B. Brady, but not in their main 

characters. Full description must await more specimens. These single specimens are from test well No. 1 

at 100 and 1,390 feet.

Bolivina marginata Cushman

Bolivina marginata Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676, p.

48, pi. 10, fig. 1, 1918; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., Vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 30, pi. 5, figs. 5a, b, 1925; vol. 2,

pt. 3, p. 54, 1926; Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 45 pi.

8, figs. 9a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Laiming, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 110,

pi. 12, figs. 6-8, 1931. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 7, p. 9, pi. 2, fig. 1, 1931. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 81,

1932. 

Barbat and von Estorff, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 7, p. 171,

pi. 23, figs. 144, b, 1933. 

Cushman and Cahill, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 175-A,

p. 25, pi. 8, figs. 9a, b, 1933. 

Woodring, Bramlette, and Kleinpell, Am. Assoc. Petroleum

Geologists Bull., vol. 20, p. 141 (list), 1936. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 9,

p. 86, pi. 10, figs. 4-6, 1937.

Kleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of California, p. 275, pi. 9,

fig. 2; pi. 12, fig. 7, Tulsa, 1938. 

Ellisor, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Fnll., vol. 24,

no. 3, pi. 5. figs. 22a, b, 1940. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.j

vol. 17, p. 30, pis. 7, 8, 1941.

Renz, 8th Am. Sci. Congress Proc., pp. 553, 55^ (lists), 1942. 

LeRoy, Colorado School of Mines Quart., vol. 39, no. 3,

p. 29, pL 1, figs. 34-37, 1944. 

Weaver, Washington Univ. [Seattle] Pub. in Geology, vol. 6,

no. 1, p. 23. (list), 1944.

This is a common species in the Miocene of Florida 

and is confined largely to the middle part, the Ecphora, 

Area, pnd Yoldia zones of the Choctawhatchee formation and all three zones of the Shoal Kiver formation. 

It also occurs in the Duplin marl of North Carolina and 

in the Miocene of Louisiana, California, Venezuela, 

Trinidad, and central Sumatra.

Bolivina alata (Seguenza)

(For references see Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special 

Pub. 9, p. 106, 1937, and Special Pub. 15, p,. 42, 1945.)

Specimens referable to this species have been recorded 

from the late Tertiary of Georges Bank, in the western 

Atlantic Ocean, in a fauna closely related to that of the 

Miocene of the West Indian region. The species is 

present in test well No. 1 from 1,200 to 1,330 feet, in 

test well No. 2 from 30 to 160 feet, and in test well No. 3 

at 90 feet.

Bolivina plicatella Cushman var. mera Cushmar and Ponton

Bolivina plicatella Cushman var. mera Cushman and Ponton,

Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 82; pi. 12, fiss. 4a, b, 1932. 

Bermudez, Soc. cubana historia nat. Mem., vol. 9, p. 195,

1935. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 9,

p. 90, pi. 11, figs. 5-8, 1937. 

Cushman and McGlamery, U. S. Geol. Surve.^ Prof. Paper

189-D, p. 108, 1938.

This species was described from the Miocene of 

Florida, occurring only in the lower part, tita Oak Grove 

sand and Chipola formation. It was also found in the 

Oligocene of Alabama. In the St. Croix r^ell samples 

it is present at various depths as follows: test well 

No. 1, 180 to 1,020 feet; test well No. 2, 10 and 360 

feet; and test well No. 3, at 90 feet.

Bolivina acerosa Cushman

Bolivina acerosa Cushman, Cushman Lab. Forf.m. Research 

Special Pub. 6, p. 54, pi. 8, figs, la, b, 1936; Special Pub. 9, 

p. 94, pi. 12, figs. 11-13, 1937.

Palmer, Soc. cubana historia nat. Mem., vol. 14, p. 297, 

pi. 52, fig. 1, 1940.

This species was described from the Miocene Gurabo 

formation of Santo Dominica and has been recorded 

from the Oligocene of Cuba. It was found in test well 

No. 1 from 100 to 1,020 feet; test well No. 2 at ,90 and 

360 feet; and test well No. 3 at 90 and ICO feet.

Bolivina mantaensis Cushman

Bolivina mantaensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Fo~am. Research

Contr., vol. 5, p. 92, pi. 13, figs. 27a, b, 1929; Special

Pub. 9, p. 91. pi. 11, figs. 25, 26, 1937. 

Bolivina applinae Galloway and Morrey [not PI "mmerl, Bull.

Am. Paleontology, vol. 15, No. 55, p. 35, pJ, 5, figs. 9a, b.

1929.
TERTIABY FORAMlNlFERA FROM ST. CROIX, VIRGIN

This species occurs in the Miocene of Ecuador and 

Venezuela. It is present in numerous samples from 

test well No. 1, from 24 to 1,330 feet; in test well No. 2, 

'at 90, 160, and 390 feet.

Bolivina tongi Cvshman

Bolivina tongi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 5, p. 93, pi. 13, figs. 29a, b, 1929. 

Nuttall, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 21, pi. 5, fig. 4, 1932. 

Palmer and Bermtidez, Soc. cubana historia nat. Mem.,

vol. 10, p. 290, 1936. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 9,

p. 92, pi. 12, figs. 7, 8, 1937. 

Palmer, Soc. cubana historia nat. Mem., vol. 14, p. 300,

1940.

This species was originally described from the lower 

Miocene of Venezuela. It has been recorded from the 

Oligocene of Mexico by Nuttall and from the Oligocene 

of Cuba by Palmer and Bermudez. It is present in 

test well No. 1 at 180, 1,200, 1,270, and 1,430 feet.

Genus REUSSELLA Galloway, 1933

Reussella miocenica Cushman

Reussia spinulosa Cushman [not Reuss], Florida Geol. Survey

Bull. 4, p. 48, pi. 8, fig. 17, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton (part), Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9,

p. 84, pi. 12, figs. 14, 16 (?) (not fig. 15), 1932. 

Cushman and Cahill, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper

175-A, p. 27, pi. 9, figs, la, b, 1933. 

Reussella miocenica Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 21 p. 36, pi. 6, figs. 19, 20, 1945. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Special Pub. 15, p. 49, pi. 7, fig. 22, 1945.

This species has been recorded from various parts of 

the Miocene of Florida and South Carolina and from 

the Miocene of Buff Bay, Jamaica. The specimens 

from St. Croix are few and spinose. They are present 

in test well No. 1 at 24 to 30 feet and 520 feet; test 

well No. 2 at 90 feet; and test well No. 3 at 100 feet.

Genus UVIGERINA D'Orbigny, 1826

Uvigerina rustica Cushman and Edwards

Uvigerina hispida Galloway and Morrey [not Schwager], Bull.

Am. Paleontology, vol. 15, no. 55, p. 39, pi. 6, fig. 3, 1929. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.. vol. 5,

p. 95, pi. ,13, fig. 35, 1929. 

Uvigerina auberiana Nuttall [not D'Orbigny], Quart. Jour. Geol.

Soc., vol. 84, p. 94, pi. 6, fig. 16, 1928. 

Uvigerina rustica Cushman and Edwards, Cushiean Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 83, pi. 14, iig. 6, 1938. 

Palmer, Soc. cubana historia nat. Mem., vol. 15, p. 184,

pi. 15, fig. 19, 1941. 

Renz, 8th Am. Sci. Congress Proc., pp. 546, 548, 560 (lists),

1942. 

Cushman and Stainforth, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Special Pub. 14, p. 47, pi. 7, fig. 13, 1945. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special

Pub. 15, p. 50, pi. 7, fig. 26, 1945.

This species was described from material from 

Venezuela that is probably of early Miocene age. The 

species has been recorded from Trinidad, Ecuador, 

Cuba, and Jamaica. It is common in test well No. 1, 

from 230 to 1,450 feet; in test well No. 2, from 30 to 390 

feet; and in test well No. 3 at 90 feet.

Uvigerina auberiana D'Orbigny

Uvigerina au,beriana D'Cfo-bigay, in De la Sacra, Historia fisfca,

polftica y natural de la isla de Cuba. Foraminifdres,

p. 106, pi. 2, figs. 23, 24, 1839. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 4, p. 163, pi 42,'

figs. 3, 4, 1923; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Coatr.,

vol. 5, p. 95, pi. 13, fig. 36, 1929; Florida Geol. Surrey

Bull. 4, p. 49, pi. 9, fig. 7, 1930. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida GeoL Survey Bull. 9, p. 86,

1932. 

Cushman and Cahill, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 175-A,

p. 27, pi. 9, fig. 3, 1933. 

Cushman, Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 47, p. 423, pL 2,

figs. 18a, b, 1936. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Centr.,

vol. 17, p. 44, pi. 13, figs. 4, 5, 1941'.

D'Orbigny described this species from the region of 

Cuba. It is rare in the Miocene Choctawhatehee and 

Shoal River formations of Florida. Specimens from 

the lower Miocene of Venezuela and from the late 

Tertiary of Georges Bank, in the western Atlantic 

Ocean, are probably also to be referred here. T" is 

species is common in the well samples from St. Crcfx,. 

occurring in test well No. 1 from 24 to 1,430 feet, test 

well No. 2 from 100 to 390 feet, and test well No. 3 

from 90 to 130 feet.

Uvigerina cf. U. hispido-costata Cushman and Todd

A number of specimens are similar to, although 

smaller than, this species described from-the Miocene 

of Buff Bay, Jamaica, and known from the West Indian 

region. In the well samples it is present in test well 

No. 1 at 100 feet and is then common from 520 feet to 

the bottom of the well at 1,450 feet, in test well No. 2 

at 90 feet and 360 feet, and in test well No. 3 from 62 to 

70 feet.

Uvigerina carapitana Hedberg

Uvigerina carapitana Hedberg, Jour.' Paleontology, vol. 11, p.

677, pi. 91, fig. 20, 1937. 

Cushman and Edwards, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 14, p. 82, pi. 14, fig. 2, 1938. 

Palmer, Soc. cubana historia nat. Mem., vol. 15, p. 182,18*1. 

Renz, 8th Am. Sci. Congress Proc., pp. 546, 557 (lists), 1942.

This species was described or%inally from the Oligocene Carapita formation of "Venezuela, and similar 

specimens occur in the upper Oligocene of Cuba and 

the Oligocene and Miocene of Trinidad. It is present 

in test well No. 1 at 24 to 30, 580, and 920 feet, and from 

there more frequently to the bottom of the well at 

1,450 feet; and in test well No. 2 at 90 and 390 feet

Uvigerina gallowayi Cushman

Uvigerina gallowayi Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 5, p. 94, pi. 13, figs. 33. 34, 1929. 

Cushman and Edwards, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 14, p. 75, pi. 13, figs. 8, 9, 1938. 

Kleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of California, p. 294, pi, 5,

figs. 1, 2, 5, Tulsa, 1938. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 17, p. 45, pi; 13, fig. 11,1941. 

Galloway and Heminway, New York Acad. Sci., Sci.

Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Ids., vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 429,

pi. 33, fig. 8,-1941. 

Cushman and Simonson, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. S'X),

pi. 32, figs. 18, 19, 1944. , Weaver,'Washington Univ. [Seattle] Pub. in Geology, voL 6,

no. 1, p. 25 (list), 1944. 

Cushman and Stainforth, Cushman Lab. Foiam. Research

Special Pub. 14, p. 48, pi. 7, fig, 14, 1945. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special

Pub. 15, p. 49, pi. 7,'fig. 24, 1945.
10 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

This species is known from the lower Miocene or 

possibly upper Oligocene of Ecuador and Venezuela, 

the Oligocene and Miocene of California, the Oligocene 

of Puerto Rico and Trinidad, and the Miocene of Buff 

Bay, Jamacia. Rather typical material occurs in test 

well No. 1 at 740, 820, and 1,190 feet.

Genus SIPHOGENERINA Schlumberger, 1883 

Siphogenerina lamellata Cushman

Siphogenerina lamellata Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 676,

p. 55, pi. 12, fig. 3, 1918; U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 67,

art. 25, p. 10, pi. 1, fig. 13, 1926; Florida Geol. Survey

Bull. 4, p. 49, pi. 9, fig. 10, 1S30. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survev Bull. 9. p. 86,

1932. 

Cushman and Cahill, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 175-A,

p. 28, pi. 9, fig. 4, 1933. 

Cole, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 16, p. 18 (list), pi. 1, fig. 1,

1938. 

Ellisor, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 24,

No. 3, pi. 4, *fig. 6^1940. 

Renz, 8th Am. Sci. Congress Proc., pp. 554, 557 (lists), 1942.

This species was found in test well No. 1 from 230 

to 1,450 feet, and in test well No. 2 at 30, 100, and 360 

feet.

'Siphogenerina cf. S. senni Cushman and Renz

Single specimens from test well No. 1 at 280 and 

1,430 feet are close to this species described from the 

Miocene of Venezuela.

Siphogenerina basispinata Cushman and Jarvis

Siphogenerina basispinata Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 5, p. 13, pi. 3, figs. 4, 5, 

1929.

Cushman and Stainforth, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Special Pub. 14, p. 49, pi. 8, fig. 3, 1945.

A single specimen from 1,360 feet in test well No. 1 

is very similar to this species, described from Trinidad, 

probably from the early Tertiary.

Siphogenerina multicostata Cushman and Jarvis

Siphogenerina multicostata Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Contr,, vol. 5, p. 14, pi. 3, fig. 6, 1929. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.. vol. 5,

p. 95, pi. 13, fig. 38, 1929. 

Hadley, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 20, no. 70A, p. 17,

pi. 2, fig. 8, 1934. 

Kleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of California, p. 302, pi. 5,

fig. 7, tulsa, 1938. 

Galloway and Heminway, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Survey

Porto *Rico and Virgin Ids., vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 435, pi. 34,

figs. 3, 4, 1941. 

Renz, 8th Am. Sci. Congress Proc., pp. 545, 546, 548, 560

(lists), 1942. 

Weaver, Washington Univ. [Seattle] Pub. in Geology, vol. 6,

no. 1, p. 25 (list), 1944. 

Cushman and Stainforth, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Special Pub. 14, p. 49, pi. 8, fig. 1, 1945.

. This species was described from Trinidad and has 

been recorded from the Miocene of Venezuela and 

California and from tha Oligocene of Cuba, Puerto 

Rico, and Trinidad. Typical specimens of this species 

are present in test well No. 1 at 580 feet.

Siphogenerina multicostata Cushman and Jarvh var. optima 

Cushman -

Siphogenerina multicostata Cushman and Jarvis var. optima 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 

19, p. 91, pi. 16, figs. 9, 10, 1943. \

This variety differs Jrom the typical form in- the 

finer costae and the uniserial chambers, which tend to 

be in an irregular line. It was described from material 

at a depth of 90 feet in the Fair Plain test well No. 3, 

five-eighths of & mile west of Anguilla, St. Croix, V. I.

The variety was found in test well No. 1 from 100 

to 1,430 feet; in test well No. 2 at 30, 160, and 390 feet; 

and in test well No. 3 at 90 feet.

Genus ANGULOGERINA Cushman, 19^7 

Angulogerina occidentalis (Cushman)

Vvigerina angulosa Cushman [not Williamson], Carnegie Inst.

Washington Pub. 311, p. 34, pi. 5, figs. 3, 4, 1922. 

Uvigerina occidentalis Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Pnll. 104, pt. 4,

p. 169, 1923. 

Angulogerina occidentalis Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull.

4, p. 50, pi. 9, figs. 8, 9, 1930.

Cole, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 6, p. 44, pi. 2, fig. 5, 1931. 

Cushman and Laiming, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 112,

pi. 12, figs. 15, 16, 1931. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 86,

1932.

Palmer and Bermudez, Soc. cubana historia nat. Mem., 

vol. 9, p. 249, 1935.

This species, described from Recent material of the 

West Indian region, where it is commcTi, has been 

found in the Miocene. The records include the Calvert 

formation of Marylan^., the Yorktown formation of 

North Carolina and Virginia, the Duplin marl of North 

Carolina, and the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida. 

It has been recorded also from the Tertiary of Cuba 

and the Miocene of California. In the well-samples 

from St. Croix it is present in test well I To. 1 .almost 

throughout the series of sediments penetrated from 

24 to 1,450 feet, in test well No. 2 from 10 to 330 feet, 

and in test well No. 3 at 90 feet.

Genus TRIFARINA Cushman, 1933 

Trifarina bradyi Cushman

Scattered specimens in the well samples s°<em identical 

with this species, as figured from the Miocene of 

Venezuela (Qushman, Cushman Lab. Forr.m, Research 

Contr., vol. 5, p. 96, pi. 13, fig. 39, K29) and the 

Oligocene of Trinidad (Cushman and Stainforth, 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special P ib. 14, p. 50, 

pi. 8, fig. 4, 1945). These are present in test well 

No. 1 at the following depths: 24 to 30, ?70, 580, 690, 

1,110, and 1,210 feet; in test well No. 2 at 30 feet; and 

in test well No. 3 at 90 and 100 feet.

Family E11IPSOIDINIDAE

Genus PLEUROSTOMELLA Reuss, 18*0

Pleurostomella alternans Schwager

In the American Miocene this species has been recorded from Ecuador, Venezuela, Trinidad, and Haiti. 

Specimens are fairly common in the well ramples from 

St. Croix, being present almost throughout all three 

wells.
TERTIARY FORAMINIFERA FROM ST. CROIX, VIRGIN ISLANDS 11

Pleurostomella brevis Schwager

This species is not so common as the preceding 

species but occurs at scattered levels in all three wells. 

It has been recorded from the Miocene of Trinidad 

and Jamaica and the Oligocene of Cuba.

Genus NODOSARELIA Rzehak, 1895 

Nodosarella subcylindrica Cttshman

Nodosarella subcylindrica Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 19, p. 91, pi. 16, figs. 4, 5, 1943. 

Cushman and Stainforth, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Special Pub. 14, p. 53, pi. 9, fig. 4, 1945.

Test small, elongate, subcylindrical, slightly tapering; 

early stages biserial, adult uniserial; chambers distinct, 

slightly inflated, those in the adult uniserial portion 

higher than broad; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; 

wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture terminal, 

narrow, with a slightly overhanging lip. Length 0.55- 

0.65 mm.; diameter 0.10-0.12 mm.

This species was described from material at a depth 

of 90 feet in the Jealousy test well No. 2, 300 yards 

west of great-house at Jealousy, St. Croix, V. I. It 

differs from Nodosarella pacifica Cushman in the much 

smaller size and higher chambers. It also occurs in 

test well No. 1 at 230, 740, 1,330, 1,360, and 1,450 feet 

and in test well No. 3 at 90 and 130 feet, and has been 

recorded from the Oligocene Cipero formation of 

Trinidad.

Nodosarella robusta Cushman

Nodosarella robusta Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 19, p. 92, pi. 16, fig. 8, 1943. 

Cushman and Stainforth, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Special Pub. 14, p. 53, pi. 9, figs. 1, 2, 1945.

Test of medium size, elongate, subcylindrical; 

biserial stage very short; chambers distinct, very 

slightly inflated, overlapping, broader than high except 

the final chamber; sutures fairly distinct, slightly if at 

all depressed; wall smooth and polished; aperture 

terminal, a narrow opening with a distinctly overhanging lip. Length 1.10-1.25 mm.; diameter 0.28-0.35 

mm.

This species was described from material at a depth 

of 100 feet in the Bethlehem test well No. 1, at a 

locality 500 yards east-northeast of Bethlehem, St. 

Croix, V. I.

This species differs from Nodosarella pacifica Cushman in the typically shorter, stouter test, and more 

strongly overhanging lip. It occurs in test well No. 1 

at intervals from 100 to 1,360 feet and in test well No. 

2 at 90 feet.

Genus ELLIPSONODOSARIA A. Silvestri, 1900 

Ellipsonodosaria subspinosa Cushman

Ellipsonodosaria sp. Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 10, pi. 10, figs. 4, 5, 1934. 

Ellipsonodosaria subspinosa Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 19, p. 92, pi. 16, figs. 6, 7, 1943. ^ 

Cushman and Stainforth, Cushman Lab. .Foram. Research

Special Pub. 14, p. 56, pi. 9, figs. 9, 10, 1945.

Test elongate, subcylindrical, slightly tapering, greatest breadth near the apertural end; chambers distinct, 

strongly inflated, increasing gradually in size as added;

sutures distinct, strongly depressed; wall with sh^rt 

stout spines, either entirely covering the chamber or in 

the early stages confined to the lower portion of the 

chamber wall; aperture with a subcylindrical neck and 

distinct lip with an inwardly projecting tooth. Length 

2.50-3.25 rrra.; diameter 0.35-0.90 mm.

This species was described from the Oligocene Cipero 

formation of Trinidad, originally designated as "lover 

middle Miocene, Green clay, Cipero section" (see Cushman and Stainforth, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Special Pub. 14, p. 7,1945). It differs from Ellipsonodosaria mappa Cushman and Jarvis in the more elongate, 

tapering test, and the surface ornamentation of short 

spines. It occurs in test well No. 1 at 640, 870, and 

1,430 feet.

Ellipsonodosaria cf. E. graeilis Palmer and Bermudez

A number of specimens are curved and typically hr ve 

a row of spines near the base of the chamber, two characters which apparently distinguish this species, described by Palmer and Bermudez from the Oligocene of 

Cuba (Soc. cubana historia nat. Mem., vol. 10, p. 296, 

pi. 18, figs. 8, 9, 1936). In the later stages of the specimens from St. Croix, however, additional spines are 

found on the upper part of the chambers and in some 

specimens these nearly cover the chamber. Specimens 

are found in all three wells.

Ellipsonodosaria verneuili (D'Orbigny)

A number of specimens, variable in size and amount of 

inflation of the chambers, seem to belong to this speci 0®. 

The species has already been recorded from the Miocene 

of Ecuador, Venezuela, Trinidad, and Jamaica. It is 

present in test well No. 1 from 690 to 1,450 feet, and in 

test well No. 3 at 90 and 130 feet.

Family ROTAIIIDAE

Genus GYROIDINA D'Orbigny, 1826

Gyroidina soldanii D'Orbigny

Material referred to this species needs much more 

study, as a glance at the figures^of the specimens referred 

to it will show. The species has been recorded from the 

Miocene of Ecuador, Colombia. Venezuela, Trinidrd, 

Puerto Rico, Costa Riea, and California, as well as from 

the late Tertiary of the Georges Bank in the western 

Atlantic Ocean. What seem to be typical specimens f^e 

present with a wide range in all three of the wells on 

St. Criox.

Gyroidina soldanii D'Orbigny Tar. altiformis R. E. and K. C.

Stewart

This variety has-been recorded from the Miocene of 

Haiti (Coryell and Rivero, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 14, 

p. 337, pi. 43, figs. 19a-c, 1940) and the Miocene of Bnff 

Bay, Jamaica (Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lf,b. 

Foram. Research Special Pub. 15, p. 57, pi. 9, figs. 3a, b, 

1945). Although not as common as'the typical fom, 

specimens referable to the variety are present in test 

well No. 1 at 230 to 1,330 feet, test well No. 2 at 280 and 

390 feet, and in test well No. 3 at 90 and HK) feet.
12 SHOKTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Genus EPONIDE8 Montfort, 1808 

Eponides umbonata (Reuss)

Very typical specimens similar to those recorded from 

the Miocene of Ecuador and Venezuela (Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 5, p. 98, pi. 14, figs. 8a-c, 

1929) were found in material from all three wells.

Genus SIPHONINA Reuss, 1850 

Siphonina pulchra Cushman

This species was described from the Miocene of Cuba 

and has been recorded from the Miocene of Haiti and 

Jamaica and from the late Tertiary of Georges Bank in 

the western Atlantic Ocean. Specimens occur only in 

test well No. 1 at 1,090, 1,190, and 1,430 feet.

Siphonina tenuicarinata Cushman

This species, originally described from the Oligocene 

Alazan formation of Mexico, has been recorded from 

Eocene to Miocene. It occurs in the lower Miocene 

of Venezuela, Trinidad, Haiti, Puerto Rico, and Mexico. 

A few specimens are found hi all three wells in St. Croix.

Family CASSIDULINIDAE 

Genus PULVINUIINELLA Cushman, 1926 

Pulvinulinella culter (Parker and Jdnes)

This species has been recorded from the Miocene of 

Ecuador, Venezuela, and Trinidad. A few specimens 

occur at scattered depths in test well No. 1 and test 

well No. 2. All the specimens have a very strong keel.

Genus CASSIDULINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Cassidulina crassa D'Orbigny

A few specimens may belong to this species. The 

aperture, however, is more elongate than in the typical 

form and considerable variation is shown in the series 

of specimens. The species has already been recorded 

from the Miocene of Venezuela, Florida, North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland, and from the late 

Tertiary of Georges Bank in the western Atlantic 

Ocean. There are also records from the Oligocene. 

Specimens are present only in test well No. 1 at 230, 

640, and 1,450 feet.

Cassidulina laevigata D'Orbigny

A very few specimens may be referred to this species. 

They most closely resemble the specimens with very 

elongated aperture figured by Macfadyen from the 

Miocene of Egypt (Egypt Geol. Survey, 1930, p. 63, 

pi. 2, figs. 6a, b, 1931). Specimens occur in test well 

No. 1 at 100 and 1,430 feet and test well No. 3 at 100 

feet.

Cassidulina laevigata D'Orbigny var. carinata Cushman

This variety has been recorded widely in the American 

Miocene but is very rare in the present material, occurring only in test well No. 1 at 1,330 and 1,390 feet.

Cassidulina subglobosa H. B. Bratfy

This species is the most common member of the genus 

in the well-samples, occurring in all three wells in a 

large number of the samples with a wic1 *?. range. In 

the American Miocene it has been recorded from Cuba, 

Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Venezuela, 

Trinidad, and California.

Cassidulina carapitana Hedberg

This species, described from the upper Oligocene of 

Venezuela (Jour. Paleontology, vol. 11, i\ 680, pi. 92, 

figs. 6a, b, 1937), is represented in tjje present material 

by a single specimen from test well No. 1 at 24 to 30 

feet. It has also been recorded from the Oligocene of 

Cuba and Trinidad.

Genus CASSIDULINOIDES Cushman, 1927 

Cassidulinoides bradyi (Norman)

This species has been recorded from tie Miocene of 

Florida and Jamaica and the Oligocene of Trinidad. 

Adult specimens are present in test well No. 1 at 580 

feet and in test well No. 2 at 360 feet. A few specimens, 

perhaps representing young stages, are present also in 

some of the other samples.

Genus EHRENBERGINA Reuss, 18f 0 

Ehrenbergina bradyi Cushman

Coryell and Rivero have recorded this species from 

the Miocene of Haiti (Jour. Paleontology, vol. 14, p. 

342, pi. 44, figs. 22a-e, 1940). It may be the same as 

the form I have identified as E. trigona (G-oes) from the 

late Tertiary of Georges Bank in the western Atlantic 

Ocean (Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 47, p. 425, pi. 

3, figs. 9a, b, 1936). Scattered specimers are present 

in test well No. 1 at 24 to 30,100,1,360, and 1,390 feeC

Family CHILOSTOMELLIDAE

Genus CHILOSTOMELIA Reuss, 18*0

Chilostomella oolina Schwager

The only previous American Miocene record for this 

species rests on a single broken specimen from the 

Choctawhatchee formation of Florida. It has been 

recorded also from the Oligocene of rrenezuela by 

Hedberg.

Single typical specimens are present in test well No. 

1 at 230, 1,190, and 1,430 feet; test well No. 2 at 30 

feet; and test well No. 3 at 100 feet.

Genus PULLENIA Parker and Jones, 1862 

Pullenia bulloides D'Orbigny

(For references see Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 19, p. 13, 1943.)

Under this-name have been grouped those specimens 

that are nearly spherical and snow little if any sign of 

compression. The species occurs in the late Tertiary 

of the Georges Bank in the western Atlantic Ocean, in 

the Miocene near Manta, Ecuador, and in the Miocene 

of Egypt. It is present in test well No. 1 from 24 to 

1,360 feet and in test well No. 3 at 100 and 130 feet.
TERTIARY FORAMINIFERA FROM ST. CROIX, VIRGIN ISLANDS 13

Pullenia quinqueloba (Reuss)

(For references see Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 19, p. 10, 1943.)

This species is usually recorded with the preceding 

and represents a more compressed test. In the well 

samples such forms are present in test well No. 1 at 

440, 1,170, 1,210, 1,360, and 1,390 feet; test weU No. 

2 at 100 and 160 feet; and test well No. 3 at 90 and 130 

feet.

Genus SPHAEROIDINA D'Orbigny, 1826 

Sphaeroidina bulloides D'Orbigny

It is probable that there is little difference between 

this species and S. variabilis Reussi Specimens from 

the well samples seem to be identical with those, figured 

as S. variabilis, from the Miocene of Ecuador, Venezuela, and Trinidad, and with those, figured as S, bulloides, 

from the Miocene of Puerto Rico and Jamaica and from 

the late Tertiary of Georges Bank in the western Atlantic Ocean. Specimens are present in test well No. 1 

at numerous depths from 230 to 1,430 feet, and in 

test well No. 2 at 330 feet.

Family GLOBIGERINIDAE

This family is now being intensively studied in a 

monographic way and the species from St. Croix, which 

are represented by abundant specimens, will be included in those studies. No attempt has been made to 

deal with them in this report.

Familf GLOBOROTALIIDAE

Genus GLOBOROTALIA Cushman, 1927

Globorotalia menardii (D'Orbigny)

This species is abundant in nearly all the wellsamples from St. Croix. It occurs also in the Miocene 

of Florida and elsewhere. Studies now under way 

on this and related species may show that these Miocene 

forms are separable from the Recent ones. With 

G. menardii in the St. Croix material, are other species 

of this genus, but all need special study and comparison 

with those of other areas before satisfactory determinations can be made.

Family ANOMAIINIDAE

Genus AN 0 MAUN A D'Orbigny, 1826

Anomalina flintii Cushman

Anomalina ammonoides Flint [not Reuss], U. S. Nat. Mus. Kept.

for 1897, p. 335, pi. 78, fig. 4, 1899. 

Anomalina flintii Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 8,

p. 108, pi. 18, figs. 5a-c, 1931. 

Coryell and Rivero, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 14, p. 334,

pi. 44, figs. 8a-c, 1940.

The types of this species are from stations off Cuba. 

The species occurs in the Miocene of Haiti and is 

present in typical form in the well material from St. 

Croix. Specimens occur in test well No. 1 at intervals 

from 180 to 1,330 feet, in test well No. 2 at 360 feet, 

and in test well No. 3 at 100 feet.

Genus PLAWUII1TA D'brbigny, 1826 

Planulina cf. P. ariminensis D'Orbigny

A single specimen from test well No. 1 at 24 to "0 

feet is close to this species and similar to that figured 

from the Miocene of Haiti (Coryell and Rivero, Jour. 

Paleontology, vol. 14, p. 337; pi. 44, figs. 7a-c, 1940).

Genus LATICARimNA Galloway and Wissler, 1927 

Laticarinina bullbrooki Cushman and Todd

Laticarinina bullbrooki Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 18, p. 19, pi. 4, figs. 8, 9, 

1942.

Cushman and Stainforth, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Special Pub. 14, p. 73, pi. 15, figs. 2a, b, 1945.

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 15, p. 70, pi. 12, fig. 5, 1945.

Single immature specimens of this species are present 

in test well No. 3 at 100 and 130 feet. The species 

occurs in the Miocene and Oligocene of Trindad aid 

the Miocene of Buff Bay, Jamaica.

Genus CIBICIDES Montfort, 1808 

Cibicides tnississippiensis (Cushman)

A number of specimens seem much more like this 

species than like C. americanus. They are all from 

test well No. 1 and largely from the lower part of that 

well. The species was described from the Oligocene 

of Mississippi and seems to be more characteristic of 

that part of the section than of the Miocene.

» Cibicides americanus (Cushman)

A few specimens from St. Croix apparently belong 

to this species but they are rare and are scattered 

throughout the well sections.

Cibicides pseudoungerianus (Cushman) var. io Cushman

Cibicides pseudoungerianus (Cushman) var. io Cushman, U. S.

Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 8, p. 125, pi. 23, figs. 1, 2, 1931. 

Palmer and Bermiidez, Soc. cubana historia nat. Mem.,

• vol. 9, p. 257, 1935. 

Cibicides io Coryell and Rivero, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 14, p.

334, pi. 44, figs, lla-c, 1940.

Galloway and Heminway, New York Acad. Sci., S?i. 

Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Islands., vol. 3, pt. 4, 

p. 392, pi. 22, figs. 4a-c, 1941.

Rather typical specimens of this form, described 

from Recent material dredged off Florida, occur in 

the well samples. They are from test well No. 1 

at 24 to 30, 180, 1,090, and 1,430 feet; test well No. 2 

a,t 30 feet; and test well No. 3 at 100 feet. It has been 

recorded from the Miocene of Cuba, Haiti, and Puerto 

Rico.

Cibicides illingi (Nuttall)

Truncatulina illingi Nuttall, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., 

vol. 84, p. 99, pi. 7, figs. 11, 17; text fig. 5, 1928.

This species was described from the lower Miocene 

or upper Oligocene of Trinidad. Typical specimens 

are present in the well samples; in test well No. 1 at 

960, 1,360, and 1,450 feet; and in test well No. 2 at 

100 feet.

INDEX

acerosa, Bolivina.._.________...__.__,__________ 8

acutauricularis, Saracenaria—. ______.__.___.__________ 5

affine, Nonion_______________...___________.___ 6

alata, Bolivina__„_____________.________. ___. __._ 8

alazanensis, Bulimina—————_....—_.__.____.______._ 7

slbatrossi, Pyrulina..._.......____._...______.________. 5

alternans, Pleurostomella_..._______________..________ 10

altifonnis, Qyroidina soldanii__________ ________. _____... n

americanus, Cioicides_ __._________ __._____._.__. _ 13

Robulus.. .......______________________.______ 4

ammonoides, Anomalina..._____.___.._._____________ 13

Angulogerinaoccidentalis.——._._____._.______._______ 10

angulosa, Uvigerina..._.......___.___._._.... _....__..._ 10

Anomalina ammonoides__...........-..-................._................. 13

flinttL——— ——————— — —..................... ..—...

Anomalinidae..........

applinae, Bolivina......

ariminensis, Planulina.. 

auberiana, TJvigerfna...

B

basispinata, Siphogenerina_......._____._.___._.....___:... 10

Biloculina murrhina..________.__....__...____________ 4

Bolivina acerosa.__. ________. __. ___. ______________ 8

alata.——————.......—_.......__.___.._____._____ 8

applinae.__......___________._______.______ 8

diflormis.._.....____________________.__._. 8

mantaensis...——.________.____________________ 8-9

margmata__. 

pisciformis_... 

optima._. 

plicatella mera. 

pygmaea......

tongi..........

.——...-...——.—..-.......—................ 8

.———————— — .._.—————... ——— ————— 8

..................................................... 8

... —————————————————————————— 8

.............. ———————.————————— — 8

————..——;.———.........———._—.———_ 9

tortuosa..__...________._____.__.____________ 7-8

bradyi, Cassidulinoides.

Ehrenbergina-......

Qaudryina..-..—..

Karreriella._—... 

, Trifarina...........

brevior, Buliminella-....

brevis, Pleurostomella.. 

Bulimina alazanensis .

inflata_ ___... 

mexicana..—..,

ovula...._—.....

striata mexicana.

Buliminella brevior..

elegant issima....

subfusiformis——

................................................ 12

——————————.—————..—————————— 12

............................................... 3

———,-,.———————————————— 3

————. ——— _—————————.— —— 10

————————_-_——————————.- fl

............................................... 11

————— ——— . ——— —————..———.. 7

.________.___..___.___.___ 7

...__.______________________ 7

................................................ 6-7

.________.______._________... 7

.......-—..-_-.-.--...-.-.-.._.....—.-.-.. fl

—......-...-..-..—..--.........-....-......- 6

.-.—...-..._-.....-.......-.-,_...,—•-....-. 6

Buliminidae________.________.....__._._______.__ 6-10

bullbrooki, Laticarinina..._____ ____.,___.__________ 13

bulloides, Pullenia..—_........._._.........................._..... 12

Sphaeroidina.—.....................................................__ 13

calitornica, Plectofrondicularia..._____....._____________ 6

capreolus, Vulvulina.___.______.____...._._____*____ 3

spinosa, Vulvulina.__._______________. ______. ___ 3

carapitana, Cassidulina.._.....__.....__.____________.___ 12

TJvigerina.————____.____...._____.__.____.___ 9

carinata, Cassidulina laevigata..___....____.__________.___ 12

Cassidulina carapitana_ __. _____.____..______________ 12

erassa—_———__________.____.____________. 12

laevigata...-.—___...._._..._______.______.___ 12

' carinata..——______________________________ 12

subglobosa_._.________.________'....:................ 12

Cassidulinidae.___._____________.____________-_ 12

Cassidulinoides bradyi..._..—....—————.———..—.———.—.... 12

catenulatus, Robulus..—.—.————.—.—...........———..*.——.. 4

caudata, Quttulina———————————————.—————————.————— 5

Cederstrom, D. J., Note.on the geology of St. Croix, V. I._...__..—... 1-2

Chilostomellaoolina.---._————————......—.—————.——————. 12

ChUostomeffldae..-———————..................................... 1J-13

Cibicides americanus__„_______——.————_-_...... ————.. i3

illingi.———...—————.............—————.——————————— 13

10..——————————————,——:—————————————— 13

mississippiensls__.._.............I--.-.....___....-.-...--.--.-._ 13

pseudoungenanus io._—... ——————————————————————. 13

communis, Dentalina_.................................._..--...---..--.- 4

compressa dumblei, P&ymorphtaa....———.—.—.—————————— 5

consobrina emaciata, Dentalina........ —————..—__.—...————— 4

erassa, Cassidulina———.———————....——.-.-.————....————— 12

culter, Pulvinulinella—......——.„..—.—— .....—.'..————— 12

D

delmonteensis, Virgulina_....—. 

Dentalina communis..>_.--..-..

consobrina emaciata. _._.....

isidroensis.————:...........

mucronata.__——.„————. 

depressa, Pyrgo..............———.

diflormis, Bolivina__.__——- 

dubia, Marginulina__......._..

dumblei, Polymorpbina compressa.

Pseudopolymorpbina-.——.

E

Ehrenbergina bradyi ————————— - ———— - ————————— , ————— 12

trigona... ___ — _ ... ————————— . ———————— . ——————— 12

elegantissima, Buliminella.. ———————————— - — . ——— . —————— fi

Ellipsoidinidae.- — ..————————.——— —,— ————— - 1C-U

Ellipsonodosaria»graeilis— __ — .. ———— . ———— _ .. ————————— 11

mappa —————— >. —— . ——————— . ——— . ———————————— — 11

subspinosa. ————————— , —————————— . ———————————— 11

verneuili — .. ———— . ————————————————— - ———— - ——— M

sp

elliptica, Entosolenia orbignyana.

Elphidium sagrai _ ... __ ..

emaciata, Dentalina eocsobrina...

Entosolenia marginata

orbignyana elliptica —— .....

trinitatensis ———— . 

squamosa ___ —— ., 

8P- —— - ——— — — .-...-- —

Eponides umbonata—— __ .. 

extensum, Nonioa. ——— .. ———

flintii, Anomalina.'.——........——

Foraminifera, age and distribution of.

gallowayi, Pseudoglandulina......__...—.———_...........————— B

Uvigerina_________...__..—.....——_....——— .———— 0-10

Oaudryinabradyi————...———.———.....—........—.———.... .. 3

globulifera..————...—....—————.——.——.—.—.—.———— 8

pupoides......——.——————————.————————————————— 8

Geology of the area.————————————————————————,————— 1-S

glabra, Marginulina——...———————————————————————. ———— 4

GHoDigerinidae...—_———,._...———————————.————————— 13

Qloborotaliamenardii.......————————.———..——————————... IS

QloborotaWdae.—..———————————————————............. 13

globulifera, Qaudryina..__... —..——————————.——————————— 3

15
16 INDEX

Globulina irregularis.-_. 

gracilis, Ellipsonodosaria,

Trilocuiina.___... 

grateloupi, Nonion.......

Spiroloculi na.. _ 

Guttulina caudata...__-

irregularis-.__......

lactea_____.__. 

Gyroidina soldanii.......

soldanii altiformis.

Page 

5 

11 

4 

6

4

5 

5

• 5 

11 

11

hedbergi, Plectofrondicularia - 

Heteroheliciaae—--------- ...

bispida, Dvigerina__ ------

hispido-costata, U vigerina----

illingi, Cibicides-----....-._-__.

Truncatulma--------.-..-—.

implicata, Virgulina.............

inflata, Bulimina.-.........-- — .

mexicana, Bulimina..--.-... 

io, Cibieides___:____..

Cibicides pseudoungerianus. 

irregularis, Globulina.....-.--.-.

Guttulina.-__._.........

isidroensis, Dentalina___......

jarvisi, Plectofrondiculaiia——... 

Jealousy formation, occurrence of.

Karreriella bradyi............

Kingshill marl, occurrence of.

lactea, Guttulina-................_..--.---.------..-.--..-.----..--.--..... 5

laevigata, Cassidulina.....-..-..-_.-...-...--. ...--.--...-.-..---.--..-... 12

carinata, Cassidulina-_.......___...-.-.._......._............ 12

occidentalis, Pseudoglandulina...____...____.._........... 5

Lagena.....___.. —....------- —— ——.——... — — —.... — .......... 5

Lagenidae.-.-_...__....—.... —.—... -—. ——— -.„ — ...-. — -.-.... 4-5

lamarckiana, Quinqueloculina..... — —........... — ................_..... 4

lamellata, Siphogenerina__-_________..._._.___..;.__... 10

Laticarinina bullbrooki_____...._...._.._____-...___.___, 13

leuzingen, Textularia_... — — -.„-.-.._.-..-_-----...._.___ — _ *_..'__- 2-3

Lingulinaseminuda.------- —..---.---......-..-----..... ........... ...... 5

Location of the area.-...-- .------.--.-..__- — - — -—.__._.._.. — .___-._ J

M

mantaensis, Bolivina.------- —..... ...-......--- — ....-...._........_.. 8-9

mappa, Ellipsonodosaria---- —— - — --— — -—. — .—_ — ——-——_ ————.. , 11

marginata, Bolivina..__- — ---------- — -— — --- — .--.--_.-.-,-.-.-..-.. 8

' Entosolenia___.. --------- —.................._..___-.... ------ ^ 7

Marginulina dubia..._... —... ——...-.-...--._._... .................. 4

glabra.-...-_..—.——. ———... — ..—————.................._. 4

medio-costatum, Nonion.......................... —........_....._.__ 6

menardii, Globorotalia__..._-------_....---..-.-..........--...-.-.... 13

mera, Bolivina plicatella...--- —..........-..-. — .-—...-...._.„ — ....._ 8

mexicana, Buliminainflata...-..._........_.._.. ....................... 7

Buliminastriata._ .....................................i................ 7

MUiolidae- — ——— — — - — — -,————— — — —— — — .-— 3-4

Miliolina venusta_____..-. ...—.. ......................._......-..--.. 3

mioeenica, Reussella__.....-.------_-----—.-. — . — _— ——.,.._.. 9

Vulvulinaspinosa._.-----.-.-.-. .........._-- — _ — _. — —-.,...'__. 3

mississippiensis, Cibicides........_------------_..............._ ........ 13

Mount Eagle volcanics, occurrence of_.........._. —...__.__ — — -_- 1

mucronata, Dentalina..-------------___ ................................. 5

multicostata, Siphogenerina.. —— „_...._..... — .___...—...____ 10

optima, Siphogenerina-—......._..__.___.. .......____.__ 10

murrhina, Biloculina___.."—..._____........__.__...______ 4

Pyrgo________———..___.__ ..'............................. 4

N

Nodosarellapacifica--------_-_-.._._.. — ______-._- —_..___....

robusta...___.-..._-..-...-..--._..-...--_---.---.-.____....

subcylindrica—------------------ —...—.—___...................

Nodosaria vertebralis__.. — - — .--.._.-——"•-___._.__._____.

Nonion afflne__.___._—-_--_--_-_-__------------.-_-___,----._.____.______

extensum__..._........_....-------.--..........-..........___.

grateloupi.-..-------------------—--. — _-..„_._..._-------_.- &

medio-costatum......---..._-_._........_.._._..._....._..... 6

pompilioides___ ——_ — _ — _———----_-_..._......_........... 5-6

Nonionidae——_____---------__'.......'................................. 5-6

Page 

11 

11 

11

5

6

6

abscura, Spiroloculina ----------

occidentalis, Angulogerina... —_

Pseudoglandulina laevigata.

Uvigerina._—_——. — — — 

oolina, Chilostomella.......--.-.

optima, Bolivina pisciformisO

* 

........................................ 10

. —— —— —— ...... —................. 5

— ...—....-.......................... 10

..-——. —............................. 12

.---. — ..-... ————................... 8

Siphogenerina multieostata -__...-_._...........__.__.______ 10

orbignyana elliptica, Entosoleuia. __-.-..-..-----..-.-.....—...___....... 7

. trinitatensis, Entosolenia.-.--_ — ..............1.......................... 7

ovula, Bulimina.--. — — .._-—- — -- — --- — -- — — -.--... ———————.. 6-7

paciflca, Nodosarella— — — — —— . — - ——. — -....——- —......_.._ 11

petrosa, Schenckiella.__.__..- — -_-_.-- — — _-_-___-_._. ——... — --........ 3

piseiformis, Bolivina.—--..---------.-----.-.-----.•.....-.-----. — - —..-_ 8

optima, Bolivina.-------------------------—------------------...--.-.-.- 8

Planularia venezuelana....----------------------------_-.-..._..__..... 4

Planulina ariminensis-............ .-.......................................... 13

Plectofrondicularia californica-.-._----------__..__.......______ " 6

hedbergi__. —. ——. —. ———.. —... ———. ——. —. —.—.—— 6

jarvisi.------- _——— ----. — . — — — — — — — . —— —— . — ——— —. ———— „ 6

vaughani..-.—— —.. 

sp-. —...............

Pteurostomella alternansbrevis.

— —— — —— — —.—————.——..-.._,..._ 6

.- —— .-. — .——.-—— —————.-.-_-..„ 6

...-.---.-..--..-. — .-.-...-.._...._._.__... 10

.. — — — . —.. ——— — ..... ——................... - 11

plicatella mera, Bolivina_--- — ---- — - — — -----._-_-.—-.„...._._. 8

Polymorphina compressa dumblei.............._..__.—....______ 5

Polymorphinidae-————— — -._-__- — __. —___—_- ———————„———— 5

pompilioides, Nonion..-. ——... —.-------...-.-. ———.——————————— 5-6

Pseudoglandulina gallowayi....——-.- — —....-————————.—————.. 5

laevigata occidentalis- ——.-.....-— —————_.„——————........ 5

Pseudopolymorphina dumblei.----.---. —— ——.....—————_———.. 5

pseudoungerianus io, Cibicides-------——'.-..----------. — ———————.... 13

pulchra, Siphonina.—————————————————————————————————— 12

Pulleniabulloides.._..—-———-———.-.———.———....U—..... ., 12

quinqueloba-.. ——————... ——. ———————— — — — —— ——————— 13

Pulvinulinella culter_....__.__. —————.——...———...————.— 12

pupoides, Gaudryina..———— ———————— ——— — —— ————————— 3

pygmaea, Bolivina--- —————— —————— ——— ——— — ——————— 8

Pyrgo depressa...———.————-..————————————————————— 4

murrhina___———--——---- ——————— ——————————————— 4

Pyrulinaalbatrossi--..—————..————————-—————————————— , 5

quinqueloba, Pullenia.-...-—------ — — — ———— — —......————.. 13

Quinqueloculina lamarekiana__;...————.——.._—-—————...... 4

seminula---__-__———--_-- ———— — -———'— ——— ————— 4

venusta.--.--—————————————- ———————————— -————.'. 3-4

R 

Reussella miocenica.--.__."_-..'...———.—'-..-...-.-- ——— ——— —— 9

Reussia spinulosa__——... ————.. ——————————————— — ———— m 9 

Robulus americanus__...___...-———————.... ————— ........... 4

catenulatus_. — ——— — —— ——. ——. —.... —— -- —— —— -- ——— - 4

robusta, Nodosarella_——.. ——— —— ————— — — —— ———... —... 11

Rotaliidae———————--—-——-- — — --————-—.-—— 11-12

rustica, Uvigerina.. ———.......———————————————————————— 9

S

sagrai, Elphidium..........

Saracenaria acutauricularis. 

Schenckiella petrosa--"......

schlumbergeri, Sigmoilina..
INDEX 17

Siphogenerinabasispinata.. ____ . ______ . _________

Spiroloculina obscura __ .. _____ :... ______ . _ ... _ ...

grateloupi.. ______ .... ___ _ ___ ..... _ ....... .......

squamosa, Entosolenia..- __ .-.-.--.--.. _ -... _ ...... _ _ .

subspinosa, Ellipsonodosaria- __ . _ _ .. _ ...... .......... .....

T

tenuiearinata, Siphonina. ........ .. . .. .... ..1 ........

Textularialeuzingeri....- __ ...-..- __ ......... ___ . ___ ......

Textulariidae.. -.----.-- _ _ .*.. _ _ _ .. _ ..................

tongi, Bolivina.---.--. ____ ...-. _ . ___ . ________ . _ .

TrifarinabradyL... ___ . _ ..........-.--.-.--.... ---..-...i......

Page 

.......... 5

.-——.- 4

....—.. 10

...—.— 4

..-,...... 10

........_. 10

.......... 10

——_-.- 10

10

.......... 12

19

......... 11

.......... n

tO

1Q

......... 3

.... ..... 9

.....%... 4

......... 4

--...-... 7

......... 7

-_—...- 11

......— 6

12

......... 11

......... 12

......... 2-3

......... 2-3

......... 9

--.-... 1

......... 7-8

......... 10

u

umbonata, Eponides ...... ___ ... —— .. ——— . —————— . .....

Uvigerinaangulosa--- _ .... —— ... ———— —— — ———— ... ....

auberiana. __ - __ ... _ _ .. —— .. ———— — - — -.-- — --

carapitana.. _ — _ ....... —— . ——— ... ———————————

gallowayi _ .-.--....---. ————————— ——— ——— ... — ...

hispida— — .-...-...-.-..-- — .. —— ...-..— ...... - — .- — -.

hispido-costata.. _ ----- —————————— - —————— ........

oecidentalis. ____ . _ ........ —— . —— . ————— '... ........

rustica _ .. _ — . — .... —————— — ..... — . ———— ....

V

Quinqueloculina-... ____ ...-..-... — _ . _ .... — . — ....-

verneuili, Ellipsonodosaria. .. _____ .. _ ... _ . __ . _ ... — ....

W

Wells, logs of. —— - —— - ...... —.——..—.-.—..———. — ...--

Pare 

......... 12

.__ — __. 4

......... 7

......... 13

......... 12

-..— ... 10

-..—... 9

—.--„ 9

....---.. &-10

......... 9

-..--.. 9

......... 10

„.. — .. 9

......... 3

....—.. 3-4

— ...... 11

...-.— 5

. . 7

....—.. 7

......... 2

o

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

J. A. Krug, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

W. E. Wrather, Director

Professional Paper 210-B

A PENNSYLVANIAN FLORULE FROM THE FORKSTON COAL

IN THE DUTCH MOUNTAIN OUTLIER

NORTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA

BY

CHARLES B. READ

Shorter contributions to general geology, 1946

(Pages 17-28)

UNITED STATES

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON : 1946

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washinalon, D. C.

Price 15 cents
CONTENTS

Abstract________________________-_-_-.---_-.____________-._-__- _______ _________ ________________ __ 17

Introduction____-.____________ ___________________________ ______ ________ _ _ ______ _ ___.^____ _ _ 17

Position of the fossil plants___,_____________________ _____ ______ ____._._-_________-_.-.,--_____ ______________ 17

Composition of the florule and age of associated strata_ ______ _______ __________________-_____.-._.-._._-_-----_______ 18

Description of fossils _____________-____________.__________-____-_--__-_-_--__-_-__-_--_-_----_--_---__--____-__- 18

Lacoea Read, n. gen__ _____________________________ ____.____-______._____________-_,_-.-_--_.-____________- 18

Lacoea seriata Read, n. sp__ __________.___._______._________________._______-_--__---_-_-----_________.-___-_ 18

Neriopteris lanceolata Newberry________________ ________________-____________-__-__.____---_--__---__---_-__-- 20

Archaeopteridium bellasylviana Read, n. sp__-_______________________--___-__--__-__--__-_--._--__----__--.-___-- 21

Mariopteris sp_______-___..__^__________________.__________________________________________________________ 21

Neuropteris sp________-_---___-__^___________________________-______-_-^_--_----_----_-_-----------_-----_- 22

Cordaites sp_-_______-_-_-___----_-____ _--__-______--_---_---_--__--_---__----------------------_--_-- 22

Cardiocarpon phillipsi Read, n. sp____________________________________________________________________________ 22

Index___-__--__,.____-_---.-.---_.._.______-_.___._____--.._-__-__.___.---_--___--__-..---_-----__.__-_--.-_- 27

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page 

PLATES 1-2. Flora of the Forkston coaI----__-__-__--__-_-____-___-_-------_--------------------------_ Facing,___ 24-25

FIGURE 3. Reconstruction of Lacoea seriata Read, n. sp., to show gross morphology----__--_-___-_-__--__---_-___--____ 20

ii
A FLORULE FROM THE FORKSTON COAL IN THE DUTCH MOUNTAIN 

OUTLIER, NORTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA

By CHARLES B. READ

ABSTRACT

Dutch Mountain is an outlier of Pennsylvanian strata situated some 15 miles north of the west end of the Northern Anthracite coal field. The Forkston coal, semianthracite in rank 

and in the midst of a great conglomeratic sandstone, has been 

mined on Dutch Mountain for many years. From the roof of 

this coal at several points collections of fossil plants have been 

obtained. There are Lacoea seriata Read, n. gen. and n. sp., 

Neriopteris lanccolata Newberry, ArGhaeopteridium ~bellasylriana Read, n. sp., Mariopteris sp., Nenropteris sp., Cordaites sp., 

('aj'diocarpon pliillipsi Read n. sp. The age of this flora is 

lower Pennsylvanian, and it is believed to indicate approximate 

contemporaneity of the Forkston coal with coal-bearing strata 

near the position of the lower portion of the Connoquenessing 

sandstone member of the Pottsville formation of the Allegheny 

Plateau, the Nuttall sandstone member of the Sewell formation 

of West Virginia, and perhaps the Makanda sandstone and the 

sandstone immediately below the Tarter coal in Illinois. It is 

believed that this flora will aid in the difficult problem of establishing correlations between the anthracite region of eastern 

Pennsylvania and the great areas of Pennsylvanian strata of 

the Allegheny Plateau.

INTRODUCTION

Dutch Mountain is one of several small outliers of 

Pennsylvanian strata that lie north of the western part 

of the Northern Anthracite coal fields, in Northeastern 

Pennsylvania. It is in Forkston and North Branch 

townships, Wyoming County, about 15 miles northwest 

of Wilkes-Barre, 15 miles due north of the western end 

of the Northern Anthracite field, and 3 miles southwest 

of the village of Forkston. From their position in the 

drainage basin of Mehoopany Creek these outliers are 

sometimes spoken of as the "Mehoopany coal basins."

The Mehoopany basins are the easternmost of the remnants of Pennsylvanian strata that are scattered from 

western Wyoming County across Sullivan, Bradford, 

Lycoming, and Tioga Counties to the northern Allegheny Plateau region of Clinton and Potter Counties, 

in which there are more continuous areas of the "Coal 

Measures." Because of its position, linking the anthracite basins of the eastern part of the State with the 

great area of the Allegheny Plateau in the west, this 

chain of outliers has been of interest to stratigraphers 

from the time of the early Pennsylvania surveys. Unfortunately, exposures in most of the basins are poor, 

and they have not furnished the data that an inspection 

of the State maps would lead one to expect.

In Dutch Mountain, as well as in several of the other

689523—46

areas, small coal mines have been operated intermittently for many years. During the time of his activity 

as a collector, in the latter half of the past century, 

R. D. Lacoe obtained a very interesting lot of fossil 

plants from mines in the Forkston coal in Dutch Mountain. While engaged in field work in Pennsylvania in 

1938, H. A. Swenson, of the Geological Survey, and the 

writer paid a brief visit to the Mehoopany coal basins 

to investigate the occurrence of the fossils. It is the 

purpose of this paper to record the observations made 

and to describe the available collection of plants.

POSITION OF THE FOSSIL PLANTS

As is stated above, Dutch Mountain is a small r.rea 

of Pennsylvanian rocks preserved in a syncline and 

situated 15 miles north of the west end of the Northern 

Anthracite coal field. Outcrops are poor, owing to the 

heavy cover of timber and to the mantle of glacial 

debris. Coal has been mined at a number of points near 

the top of Dutch Mountain, where a few hundred acres 

of coal is preserved. At the time of the writer's visit 

only one mine was in operation.

A section of the Pennsylvanian rocks, could not be 

measured in the region, owing to the poor exposures. 

It was, however, possible to obtain a few facts regarding 

their occurrence. The Forkston coal, a semianthracite, 

is a rather variable bed, ordinarily maintaining a thickness of 3 feet or a few inches less, but in a few places 

increasing to about 4 feet, and at others becoming too 

thin to mine. It is underlain by a few inches to 4 feet 

of dark-gray carbonaceous, root-traversed, massive to 

irregularly bedded siltstone and underclay that contain occasional fernlike pinnules and large Cordaites 

leaves. The roof, at points where it was seen in the one 

mine entered, was sandstone or conglomerate. Miners 

report, however, that in some of the old workings a 

few inches to a foot of silty gray shale lies between 

the coal and the sandstone.

Under the Forkston coal and its associated root bed is 

a conglomeratic sandstone, exposures of which are very 

poor but sufficient to indicate a thickness of about 200 

feet. Above the coal some 50 feet of conglomerate is 

present and in at least two air shafts that have been 

driven through the upper conglomerate a thin coal has 

been encountered about 20 feet above the Forkston bed. 

Details of this upper coal bed are not available.

17
18 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS IN GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

The florule here described comes from the roof of the 

Forkston coal at points in several drift mines not now 

in operation.

COMPOSITION OF THE FLORULE AND AGE OF THE 

ASSOCIATED STRATA

The composition of the Forkston florule is as follows:

Lacoea seriata Read, n. gen., n. sp.

Neriopteris lanceolata Newberry.

Archaeopteridium bellasylviana Read, n. sp.

Mariopteris sp.

Nenropteris sp.

Cordaites sp.

Cardiocarpon phillipsi Read, n. sp.

As shown by the list, the number of species is small. 

Only seven forms are known and but four of these are 

specifically identifiable. The significance of these four 

is great, however, from the viewpoint of the stratigraphic paleontologist. Thus Neriopteris lanceolata 

Newberry and a form closely related to Archaeopteridium 'bellusylviana, A. strict a (Andrews) (n. comb.), 

are known from strata associated with the lower part 

of the Comioquenessiug sandstone member of the Pottsville formation in southern Ohio and with the Nuttall 

sandstone member of the Sewell formation in the Kanawha-New River Valley of West Virginia. In addition, 

a close relative of A. 'bellasylviana^ A. plumosum White, 

is known from rocks in the zone just above the Makanda 

sandstone in southern Illinois.

Lacoea seriata is known in sandstone above the 

Sharon coal in the Youngstown region of northeastern 

Ohio and in shale just under the Coiinoquenessiiig sandstone member of the Pottsville formation in Jackson 

County, Ohio. Cardiocarpon phillipsi is a type of seed 

common in the strata under the Quakertowii coal and 

associated with the lower part of the Connoquenessing 

sandstone.

It thus appears that the data in hand indicate the 

equivalence of the Forkston coal to coal-bearing strata 

at the approximate position of the lower part of the 

Connoquenessing sandstone of the northern Allegheny 

Plateau and the Nuttall sandstones of the West Virginia region. Approximate correlation with the Makanda sandstone of southern Illinois or beds just above 

it is also suggested.

As regards the position of the Forkston floral zone in 

the general section of the anthracite region, it appears 

possible to establish it, but pending a more detailed 

study of the sequence a report on this must be deferred. 

It may be said, however, that the zone appears to be 

present near the base of the Pennsylvania!! section in 

the Northern Anthracite field and completely absent 

in the Southern Anthracite field.

DESCRIPTION OF FOSSILS 

Genus LACOEA Read, n. gen.

Characters at present those of the single species, 

Lacoea seriata. The generic name is in honor of the 

collector of the type specimens, R. D. Lacoe. 

Lacoea seriata Read, n. sp. 

Plate 1, figures 1-14

The most abundant recognizable fossils in the Forkstoii collection are the flattened impression* and incrustations of a rather remarkable type of fructification. 

As usually seen on the bedding planes of the dark-gray 

sandy shale, these are roughly oval to ovr.te and show 

a considerable range in size. However, it is relatively 

rare to find one larger than 2 centimeters in diameter. 

The general appearance of typical individuals is seen 

in plate 1, figures 1-10, 13. It is evident that some 

specimens are globular .and others soriewhat cupshaped. In all a notable feature is the more or less 

asymetrical base. The form of the base differs considerably in the several specimens and, as will be shown 

farther on in this paper, is dependent upon the position 

of the body with reference to other similar organs. 

The main part of the fossil just above the base in many 

specimens is somewhat lenticular in transverse section, 

a feature indicating that its cross section was circular 

prior to fossil ization. A very obvious character is the 

surface patterns, which in the better-preserved individuals is made up of abundant small rliomboidal or 

diamond-shaped areas (pi. 1, figs. 3 and 5, particularly) 

ranging from 1 to 2 millimeters in lengtl and usually 

half as broad as long. These are closely spaced and 

are arranged in what appear to be close ^irals. Normally they stand in relief, with shallow depressions or 

furrows between. The general effect of the pattern is, 

in fact, superficially similar to that of a fragment of 

some small Lepidodendron stem that has lost its foliage.

Fringing distal parts of the structure is a lacinate 

border of variable width (pi. 1, figs. 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 13), 

usually a centimeter or more across. Th?- tissues that 

made up this fringe were evidently rather thin and 

delicate, if the present vague limits and the lack of relief 

may be taken as criteria.

The cupular organs just briefly described are borne 

in pinnate aggregates of 10 or more pairs and are seated 

on short pedicels attached to slender rachises. Some of 

these aggregates are seen in plate 1, figures 11, 12, and 

14. It is apparent that the cupules are crowded on 

the axis, so that a strobilus is simulated. A notable 

feature is the small size of the individual structures in 

those specimens in which they are attached as compared 

to those detached. That the large and smpll individuals 

are identical in structure is seen by their form as well
A PENNSYLVANIA FLORULE FROM THE FORKSTON COAL IN NORTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA 19

as by their superficial rhomboidal markings. The difference in size will be more fully treated in connection 

with the interpretation of the fossils.

The specific name refers to the seriate or serrate fringe 

at the apex of the specimen.

Interpretation.—The interpretation of Lacoea seriata 

and the reconstruction of its aspect before crushing and 

fossilization demand some thought. If it is recalled 

that the specimens were derived from a region of rather 

considerable crustal deformation, one in which the strata 

have been subjected to a great deal of pressure, as evidenced by the very high rank of the coal,1 it will be clear 

that the lenticular cross section of the ovate body (pi. 

1, fig. 9) of the Lacoea specimens is evidence of an 

original rounded form. Thus it would appear that the 

structures were originally sphaeroidal or cupular, with 

a constricted brim, although without any definite radial 

symmetry (pi. 1, figs. 1. 7, 9, particularly). This striking lack of radial symmetry was noted in an earlier paragraph and is undoubtedly related to the grouping of the 

structures into dense strobiluslike aggregates. However, the individual bodies are two-ranked on the axis 

rather than in whorls or in spirals. In consequence it 

is rather clear that the axis upon which these bodies 

are borne is a rachis rather than a stem.

A point that has been made in connection with the 

grouping of the specimens is that those that are assembled in the pinnate aggregates are much smaller than 

those that are detached. (See pi. 1, fig. 14, in which a 

group as well as an isolated structure may be seen.) 

Likewise, although this was not brought out earlier, the 

detached bodies differ considerably in size. The writer 

is of the opinion that the strobiluslike groups of these 

bodies represent the young or decidedly immature state 

and that, with enlargment of the individual structures 

and elongation of the rachis upon which they were borne, 

the strobiluslike masses became less rigid and the individual bodies were easily detached. Hence it is only 

in the very young specimens that large aggregates are 

found. As to the difference in size of the individual 

specimens, it is certainly related in part to their maturity and probably in part to their position on the 

rachis; that is to say, it is quite probable that the basally 

placed structures tended to be larger than these situated 

apically.

As regards the individual bodies, they seem almost 

certainly to represent the spore-bearing or pollen-bearing organs of some early gymnosperm, probably a seed 

fern, or pteridosperm. The rhomboidal surface markings are apparently the basal ends of sporangia or pollen 

sacs seen slightly obliquely. From their size and position it is believed tha they were situated on a convex or

"• The Forkston coal is classified as semianthracite.

subspherical receptacle, from which they radiated upward and possibly slightly outward.

The relationship of the membranaceous fringe or 

border to Hie sporangia is not clear. The fringe may be 

an extension of the ends of the sporangia, for similar 

fringes have been observed in Potoniea adiantiformis 

Zeiller. Or, as seems more likely, it may represent the 

extension beyond the receptacle proper of a sterile sheath 

enclosing the sporangia. The distal part of this sheath 

is either normally laciniate or else frays readily.

Because of its bearing on the morphology of the 

Forkston specimens it is necessary to bring into the discussion a specimen from the horizon of the lower part 

of the Connoquenessing sandstone near Youngstown, 

Ohio. The aspect of this specimen is seen in plate 1, figure 4. As compared with the individuals just reviewed, 

the Ohio fragment is relatively uncrushed. In form it 

is obconical or funnel-shaped. The sides, in the region 

of marked downward tapering, are slightly concave. 

The dimensions of the specimen are approximately 2 

by 2 centimeters. The upper 0.5 to 1.0 centimeter forms 

a sort of rim that is deeply torn at irregular intervals, 

the tearing being due beyond doubt to abrasion, or some 

other cause related to its preservation. This part is 

otherwise structureless and presents no characteristic 

markings. It evidently represents a rather thin sheathing tissue for the structures next to be described.

Below the rim are seen here and there, almost to the 

base of the organ, rhomboidal markings similar to these 

noted in the specimens of Lacoea seriata from the Forkston coal. At the very base these markings are absent, 

and the surface is covered with a thin unmarked crrbonaceous layer. It is apparent that the point of attachment has been broken off, and the base is seen to be 

somewhat frayed.

The interpretation of this uncritehed specimen is 

rather simple. The obconical structure is a cupule of 

rather delicate tissue that is readily disorganized and 

that leaves at most only a film of carbon if preserved. 

Traces of this sheath are seen at the apex of the cupule 

and also at the base. In the markedly tapering part pf 

the structure (the obconical part) are closely spaced 

rhomboidal or possibly saclike areas. It is evident that 

these are the bases of elongate, cylindrical sporangia 

attached regularly around the concave inner surface of 

the cupule. The rhomboidal rather than circular form 

of the bases of the sporangia is due in part to the 

oblique course of the rows of sporangia across the walls 

of the cupule, and in part to the crowding of the bases 

and at the same time their alinement in regular spirals. 

To bring out these relationships as well as the general 

morphology of the structure, a sketch incorporating 

the writer's ideas is presented in figure 3. On the left
20 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS IN GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

are shown the surface features reconstructed from the 

fossil, and on the right a part of the outer receptacle 

has been cut away to show the attachment of the individual sporangia.

Comparisons.—In the Carboniferous strata of this 

country, particularly the Pennsylvania!!, a great variety of pollenif erous organs pertaining to pteridosperms 

occur, and these are known in collections. Many of 

them have been acquired by the Geological Survey during field work done in connection with stratigraphic

FIGURE 3.- -Reconstruction of Lacoea seriata Read, n. sp., to show gross 

morphology.

studies of the upper Paleozoic rocks, and others have 

been acquired by the United States National Museum. 

Unfortunately most of these remain undescribed.

One of the best known of these fossil polleniferous 

organs is Whitileseya elegcms Newberry, elucidated by 

the recent efforts of T. G. Halle.2 A typical specimen 

of this species is shown in plate 2, figure 10. As ordinarily seen these appear as flattened, fan-shaped, leaflike organs somewhat suggestive of Ginkgo leaves. In 

fact, W. elegans was originally assigned to the Ginkgoales. It appears, however, that this flat structure is 

a crushed cup, the walls of which are formed by closely 

spaced tubular sporangia extending the length of the 

cup. Thus Lctcoea seriata differs markedly from W.

2 Halle, T. G., The structure of certain fossil- spore-bearing organs 

believed to belong to pteridosperms: K. svenska vetensk. akad. Handl., 

ser. 3, Band 12, No. 6, pp. 17-24, 1933. *

elegans in the solid nature of the aggregate c f sporangia 

and likewise in the presence of a receptacle.

Lacoea seriata, in its features of gross morphology, 

is perhaps closer to Dolerotheca or to Potoniea. These 

are spore-bearing organs without a hollow central area, 

the sporangia extending to the center of the body. In 

Dolerotheca there is a ground mass of tissue between 

the sporangia, whereas in Potoniea the sporangia are 

free save for a leaflike sheath on the exterior of the 

whole synangium. In neither form does tl <?re seem to 

be a structure entirely comparable to Lacoea, with the 

rhomboidal sporangia bases spirally arrrnged on a 

concave receptable and a long raylike sterile sheath.

No pollen grains have been observed in the material 

of Lacoea seriata, nor could any be expected in fossils 

found in strata that have undergone such intense pressure as is evidenced by the high rank of the coal.

Genus NERIOPTERIS Newberry 

Neriopteris lanceolata Newberry

1873. Neriopteris lanceolata Newberry, Ohio Geol. Survey Rept., 

vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 381, pi. 45, figs. 1-3.

The Forkston collection contains occasional fragments of a large, long-pinnuled fern that is beyond 

doubt referable to Neriopteris lanceolata Newberry. 

The plant is of the alethopteroid type, with long, strapshaped leaflets or pinnules, the apices of which are acute 

and set at somewhat less than a right angle to the axis 

of the pinna. These pinnules are attached across approximately their own breadth to the rachis of the pinna, 

the base of the pinnule being decurrent and the upper 

margin tending to curve slightly downward, following 

the proximal one. As the pinnules are very closely set, 

the lamina is thus continuous from one pinnule to the 

next. The venation is of the alethopteroid type, a 

heavy midrib extending the complete lengtl of the pinnule and giving off, at an acute angle, secondaries that 

immediately curve sharply to pass to the margin at approximately a right angle, forking once or twice. At 

the base of the pinnules the midrib or primary vein is 

slightly decurrent on the rachis. The material is too 

poor to illustrate, but there can be no doubt regarding 

its identity.

The writer has recently examined the type specimen 

of Neriopteris lanceolata Newberry, which is in the collection of the New York Botanical Garden. It will be 

recalled that in Newberry's original description the pinnules were said to be basally constricted. In the figures 

accompanying his description they were ehown to be 

attached across a narrow zone immediately adjacent to 

the midrib, and their bases were rounded. Actually 

the type specimen does not show these features but agrees 

very closely with the Forkston plant, in which the pin-
A PENNSYLVANIA FLORULE FROM THE FORKSTON COAL IN NORTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA

nules are attached across the whole breadth of the base 

and are slightly decurrent.

According to present data, this species, though extremely rare, is of considerable importance stratigraphically. It is known at several localities in eastern Ohio, 

where it occurs either in the extreme upper part of the 

Sharon shale or in the lower part of the Connoquenessing sandstone, most commonly in the latter. It is generally, but not invariably, associated with species of the 

genus Cannophyllites.

Neriopter-is lanceolata Newberry is perhaps similar in 

some respects to the plant that was called Taeniopteris? 

imssourienms by White.3 The systematic position of 

White's species is still in doubt, but there is no question 

regarding the similarity of the plants from Pennsylvania and those from Missouri. The Missouri plant is 

distinguished, however, by its somewhat more widely 

spaced pinnules, set more commonly at a right, angle 

to the rachis, and by the more open venation.

Another form to which there is a certain degree of 

similarity, although probably superficial, is Protoblechtium wongii Halle,4 from the Shihotse series in central 

China. P. wongii shows, however, a somewhat different 

type of venation, oblique rather than at right angles, 

and it has somewhat more flabellate pinnules. The similarity in form probably is best regarded as a sort of 

homeomorphy whereby widely separated groups may 

show a similar external form.

According to Jongmans,5 the American species that 

White referred to Taeniopterisf missouriensis should 

more properly be placed in Macralethopteris, the genotype of which is M. liallii Jongmans and Gothaii, from 

deposits of Stephanian age in Java. From the figures 

given by Jongmans and Gothan one cannot be at all 

sure regarding this determination. At all events, in considering a name for these large, long-pinnuled Alethopfem-like plants the genus Neriopteris must be noted 

and its relationships to similar plants must be determined.

Genus ARCHAEOPTERIDIUM Kidston

Archaeopteridium bellasylviana Read, n. sp.

Plate 2, figures 6-9

Main divisions of the frond unknown, the secondary 

pinnae short, linear-lanceolate and acute, with a narrow 

lineate racliis. Pinnules alternate, small, short, close, 

tending to overlap, obliquely set, rhomboidal to ovate, 

(i to 15 millimeters long, 3 to 6 millimeters wide, the 

widest point being situated below the middle; pinnules 

usually obtusely rounded at the apex, broadly attached

3 White, David, Fossil flora of the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri : 

U. S. Geol. Survey Mon. 37, pp. 140-144, pi. 40, figs. 1-7, 1899.

* Halle, T. G., Palaeozoic plants from central Shansi: Palaeontologica 

Sinica, ser. A, vol. 11, fasc. 1, pp. 135-138, pis. 35-36 ; pi. 64, fig. 12, 1927.

3 Jongmans, W. J., and Gothan, Walther, Die Palaobotanischen 

Brgebnisse der Djambi-Expeditioii 1925 : Jaarb. mijnwezen Ned.-Indie' 

1930, Verb., pt. 2, pp. 130-132, 1935.

(the attachment about one-half the width of the pinnule), slightly decurrent, the border nearly straight for 

about two-thirds of the length on the lower side, but 

arched strongly on the upper side. Proximal basal 

pinnules heteromorphous. Nervation distinct, coarse, 

apparently derived from the rachis, and radiating, tr°! 

nerves forking once or twice in passing nearly straigH 

to the margins of the pinnule.

The specific name is derived from the settlement of 

Bellasylvia, southwest of Dutch Mountain.

The fragmentary condition of the fossils here described and the gritty nature of the matrix prevent tl °s 

illustration of large parts of the pinnae. Likewise it 

has been impossible to determine all the features of 

the apical parts of the pinnules. It is possible that 

they may be denticulate, as are the numerous species of 

Archaeopteris from the Devonian, with which this material was originally identified.

The general aspect of the pinnae of this species is 

seen in plate 2, figure 6, which illustrates a specimen 

with rather crowded pinnules. A phase with slightly 

narrower and somewhat less crowded pinnules is seen 

in plate 2, figures 8; in this latter specimen there is a 

tendency toward a more erose or denticulate margin en 

the pinnules. An inferior, basal, heteromorphous pinnule is shown in figure 9.

Archaeopteridium bellasylviana is perhaps comparable to A. tschermaki Stur from Bohemia.6 The latter 

has more cuneate, crowded pinnules attached across tl °i 

entire base, and the general habit of the frond is closer 

to that generally found in the genus Rachopteris.

Genus MARIOPTERIS Zeiller 

Mariopteris sp.

Several specimens in the collection are referable to a 

species of Mariopteris. However, these fragments are 

scarcely sufficient to warrant specific reference. Tl ? 

best preserved specimen is a pinna approximately 6 

centimeters long and narrowly lanceolate. The pinnules are rather variable in shape but in general are 

triangular, and from their attitude with reference to 

the rachis of the pinna it is evident that they were rather 

lax. The venation is partly obliterated by the coarse 

grains of the matrix, but where seen it is typical of 

the group M. muricata, to which the form evidently 

belongs.

Mariopteris sp. recalls, in some measure, a form from 

the Eastern Interior coal field of Illinois, recently 

studied and described under the name M. speciota 

( Lesquereux) White.7 This latter species has a pin6 Stur, D. R. J., Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Flora der Vorwelt. Band 

1, Die Culm-Flora; K.k. geol. Reichsanstalt Abh., Band 8, Heft 1, 

pp. 57-60, pi. 12, fig. 1; pi. 16, fig. 1, 1875.

7 Lesquereux, Leo, Description of the coal flora of the Carboniferous 

formation in Pennsylvania and throughout the United States: Pennsylvania 2d Geol. Survey Rept. Progress P, vol. 1, pp. 216-217, 

(under Pseudopecopteris speciosa Lesquereux).
22 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS IN GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

nule rather similar in form and of the same size. However, the Forkston species does not bear the sparingly 

serrate margins observed in the Illinois plant. 

M. speciosa is known from the Battery Rock coal 

horizon and in consequence is about the age of the 

Sharon coal and its correlatives in the Appalachian 

region.

Genus NEUROPTERIS Brongniart 

Neuropteris sp.

A few fragments of a Neuropteris in the Dutch Mountain collection may be identical with N. tenuifolia, but 

the material is not sufficient to determine the relationships. The fossils are isolated pinnules and very fragmentary pinnae, highly macerated and with venation 

obliterated by the relatively coarse grains of the matrix.

Genus CORDAITES Linger 

Cordaites sp.

Throughout the collection there are abundant fragments of Cordaites leaves, all greatly macerated, and 

all with the details of the venation obliterated by the 

coarse matrix. It is impossible to form any very close 

idea regarding the size or relative proportions of the 

leaves.

Genus CARDIOCARPON Brongniart 

Cardiocarpon phillipsi Read, n. sp.

Plate 2, figures 1-3

Seeds very large, some of them as much as 4 centimeters in length and 3.5 centimeters in width including 

wing, of which the wing makes up about 0.5 centimeter 

on either side of the seed proper, about 1 centimeter at 

the chalazal end, and 0.5 centimeter at the micropylar 

end. Form of the seed with wing somewhat orbicular 

to oval, and of seed alone distinctly orbicular, with 

the base slightly modified to a truncate or even cordate 

shape and the apex tending to be slightly pointed. Details of seed coats or divisions of the testa not distinct. 

Wing deeply incised apically in the vicinity of the 

micropyle, the slit running to the apex of the seed in a 

distinct V directed to the upper end of the micropyle.

The specific name was chosen in honor of Mr. Ben 

Phillips, who was associated with Lacoe in making the 

collection from the Forkston coal.

The general aspect of Cardiocarpon phillipsi is seen 

in plate 2, figures 1-3. A very large number of specimens of this seed are known, and those figured have been 

selected to illustrate the diagnostic features as seen in 

the whole range. It is apparent at the outset that one 

of the most characteristic features of this species is its 

large size. In fact, in this country such large forms of 

Cardiocarpon as C. phillipsi are rarely encountered. It 

is notable, as has been pointed out by White 8 in a paper

read before the Geological Society of America but published only in abstract, that these large species occur 

at a rather definite horizon and are common ly associated 

with the remains of Cannophyllites spp. (originally 

known as Megalopteris] in the Appalachian region and 

also in the Eastern Interior coal field. The narrow 

range of these seeds is about the position of the lower 

portion of the Connoquenessing sandstone in the northern Appalachians, the Nuttall sandstones of New River. 

and the sandstone underlying the Tarter coal in the 

Illinois region. Elsewhere the flora is not well known 

owing to its inability to compete in other than a very 

narrow range of environments.

Although the apices of these seeds are slightly 

pointed, they do not show the acute and prominent tips 

that characterize so many species of this genus. The 

seeds tend to be orbicular rather than to assume the 

cordate or heart-shaped outline commonly seen.

It is clear that this seed must have been markedly 

flattened even in its original form. Tl ^ residue is 

slight, and in none of the specimens examined has there 

been any evidence that the impression showed marked 

relief when originally made, prior to compaction of 

the enveloping sediments.

As has been previously stated, the number of species 

of these very large Cardiocarpons is relatively small. 

They include Cardiocarpon baileyi Dawson 9 and C. 

ncwbcrryi Andrews,10 both of which difer markedly 

from C. phillipsi in seed form and in the proportions 

of the wings; C. xamameforme Newberry,11 whose seed 

is similar in size and form but has a rather different 

type of wing; and C. in gens Lesquereux (pi. 2, fig. 4),12 

which approaches very closely the form and size of C. 

phillipsi, but differs in the wings, which are narrower, 

basally not so broad, and very deeply cut at the 

micropylar end.

Remarkable for its size, which is perhaps the largest 

known in the genus, is Cardiocarpon akroni Read, n. 

sp. (pi. 2, fig. 5), from the uppermost part of the 

Sharon shale near Akron, Ohio. This species has fully 

twice the breadth of C. phillipsi or C. ingens. The 

illustration is introduced to indicate the wide range 

of size of the genus and, with the figure of C. ingens. 

for comparison with C. phillipsi.

8 White, David, Hegalopteris and the giant-winged cardiocarps 

(abstract) : Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 44, pt. 1, p. 213, 1933.

9 Dawson, J. W., Acadian geology. 3d ed.. p. 555, text fig. 194D, 1878.

10 Andrews, E. B., Descriptions of fossil plants from the Coal Measures 

of Ohio : Ohio Geol. Survey Rept., vol. 2, pt. 2, Paleontology, pp. 425-426, 

pl. 46, fig. 2, 1875.

11 Newberry, J. S., Descriptions of fossil plants from the Coal Measures 

of Ohio: Ohio Geol. Survey Kept., vol. 1, pt. 2, Paleontology, p. 375, pl. 

43, fig. 11, 1873.

13 Lesquereux, Leo, Botanical and paleontological report on the 

geological State survey of Arkansas, in Owen, D. D., P«cond report of a 

geological reconnaissance of the middle and southern counties of 

Arkansas, p. 311, pl. 4, figs. 4-4a, 1860.
PLATES 1-2

23
24 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS IN GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

PLATE 1

FIGURES 1-3, 5-10, 13. Lacoea seriata Read, n. sp., individual synangia from the Forkston coal in Dutch Mountain, Pa., showing 

features of gross morphology. In figure 1 a large synangium shows the rhomboidal surface markings particularly well. Figures 2, 3, r>, 6, 8, and 9 illustrate the inembrauaceous sheath extending as a fringe far beyond 

the globular to cupular synangium. Note in figures 3, 5, 8, 9, and 10 the rhomboidal scars left by the bases of 

sporangia attached obliquely to the plane of the surface exposed. Cotypes, U. S. Nat. Mus. 26217, 26219, 26251, 

26213, 26235, 26256, 28252, 26214, 1626, 26247.

4. Lacoea seriata Read, n. sp., an uncrushed specimen from the lower portion of the Connoquenessing sandstone near 

Youngstown, Ohio, illustrating the cupular nature of the polleuiferous synangia, IT. S. Nat. Mus. 26261.

11, 12, 14. Lacoea seriata Read, n. sp., strobiluslike aggregates of the synangia from the Forkston coal in Dutch Mountain, Pa. Note the crowded, rigid, biseriate arrangement. Cotypes, U. S. Nat. Mus. 26242, 26241.
GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY PKOFESSIONAI. PAPEK 210 PLATE 1

10

FLORA OF THE FORKSTON COAL.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 2

FLORA OF THE FORKSTON COAL.
A PENNSYLVANIA FLORULE FROM THE FORKSTON COAL IN NORTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA

PLATE 2

FIGURES 1-3. Cardiocarpon pJiillipai Read, n. sp., showing the large size and the form of the seeds. Forkston coal, Dutch Mountain, Pa. Cotypes, U. S. Nat. Mus. 25391, 25390, 25396.

4. Cardiocarpon ingens Lesquereux, typical specimens of this species introduced for comparison with C. pliillipsi. Coalbearing Bloyd shale. Morrow group, at Lemons coal bank, Washington County, Ark. U. S. Nat. Mus. 25417.

5. Curdioearpon ukroni Read, n. sp., an extremely large species of Cardiocurpon introduced to show the size that soire

species of this group attain. Sharon shale near Akron, Ohio. Holotype, U. S. Nat. Mus. 25382.

FIGURES 6-9. Archaeopteridium belhixylriann Read, n. sp., two pinnae (tigs. 6 and 8) and details of a typical pinnule and a 

heteromorphous pinnule (figs. 7 and 9, X2). Forkston coal in Dutch Mountain, Pa. Cotypes in TJ. S. Nat. Mu^ 

10. Whittleseya elegans Newberry, a specimen from the upper Sharon shale near Akron, Ohio, introduced for comparison with Lacoea seriata. TJ. S. Nat. Mus. 18843.

INDEX

Abstract__________________________________— 17

adantiformis, Potoniea ___________________________ 19

Age of the florule____________________________ 18

akroni, Cardiocarpon____________________________ 22

Archaeopteridium bellasylviana_________________ 21, pi. 2

tschermaki______________________________ 21

baileyi, Cardiocarpon—________________________ 22

bellasylviana. Archaeopteridium___________________ 21, pi. 2

Caunophyllites, association of Neriopteris lariceolata with____ 21 

Cardiocarpon akroni_____________________________ 22

baileyi ______________________________ 22

ingens________________________________ 22

newberryi_____________________________ 22

phillipsi _____ ____ __________________ _____ 22, pi. 2

samaraeforme_______________.

Composition of the florule__________

Cordaites sp_________________

Dolerotheca sp________________

Dutch Mountain, stratigraphie relations of_

_,_________ 22

___________ 18

____________ 22

_____________ 20

____—____ 17 

elegans, Whittleseya___________________________ 20, pi. 2

Forkston coal, stratigraphic relations of________________ 17, 18

halli, Macralethopteris_________________________ 21

Page

iugeus, Cardiocarpon— — —— ___ —— _ — ___ —— — - — --———— 22 

Lacoea seriata—_—_—___ — — ___ — ———— —— ——— 18—20, pi-1

lanceolata, Neriopteris __—_ — — ———— —— _ ————— ———— 20—21

Location of the area——_ —— __————————_——————————— 17

Macralethopteris halli—_—————————————————————————— 21

Mariopteris muricata——__—-— ———— ——— __—————————— 21

speciosa —_-__——__ —— _ — ———— ———— ———— - ———— -— 21

tuissouriensis, Taeniopteris——___. — ——— — —— — —— ——— —— 21

muricata, Mariopteris-______________ —— __ — ————— —— 21

Neriopteris, lanceolata__— — —— ———— —— __—————————— 20-21

Neuropteris sp______________-_ ————— —————————— 22

newberryi, Cardiocarpon_——_— —— — ___ —— — __ —————— — 22 

phillipsi, Cardiocarpon-__ ——_ ——— ___ —— ________— — —— 22, pi. 2

Protoblechnum wongii__—__—__——_ —— _—_ — — —— _—— 21 

Position of the fossil plants____________——_——________ 17-18

Pontoniea adantiformis__—____—____—_ —— ———— ———— 19

samaraeforme, Cardiocarpoii___________—-______— 22

seriata, Lacoea___—__——_——————_——————————— 18-20, pi. 1 

speciosa, Mariopteris—-_ —— — —— _ —— —— ————— ———————— 21

Taeniopteris? missouriensis—_—___ — ———_ —— — ——————— 21 

tschermaki, Archaeopteridium- —— —— __ —— ___ — ———— _—— 21 

Whittleseya elegans____________ _____________ 20, pi. 2

wongii, Protoblechnum_______________________ 21

27

o

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

J. A. King, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

W. E. Wrather. Director

Professional Paper 210-C

REPTILIAN FAUNA

OF THE NORTH HORN FORMATION

OF CENTRAL UTAH

BY

CHARLES W. GILMORE

Shorter contributions to general geology, 1946

(Pages 29-53)

UNITED STATES

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON : 1946

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.

Price 30 cents

CONTENTS

Abstract————————————————-—__________ 29 

Part 1. Osteology of Alamosaurus, a sauropod dinosaur

from the Upper Cretaceous.... ———.____._.._ 29

Introduction.. —————————————________ 29

Family Titanosauridae Lydekker_.________ 29

Genus Alamosaurus Gilmore...._______ 30

Alamosaurus sanjuanensis Gihnore. ....._ 30

Details of the skeletal parts.._____________ 30

The tail...__..._—...__.___.____. 30

Caudal vertebrae....———_________ 30

Chevrons_____....__________._ 32

Pectoral girdle.__._———..___________ 33

Sternal plates...—————_________ 33

Scapula and coraooid..._._.._._.__._..... 34

The forelimb______________________ 36

Humerus..___——_____________ 36

Radius and ulna.—..—__________ 37

Metacarpus——__ —— — ........_______ 38

The pelvic region__...______________ 39

The skeletal parts in place..._...__________ 40

Relationships of Alamosaurus_______________ 41

Part 2. Description of a new species of the Ceratopsia__ _ 42

Introduction-_. ————————————______—— 42

Available ceratopsian specimens.__.___..______ 42

Family Ceratopsidae Marsh__-__.________.__._ 42

Genus Arrhinoceratops Parks ________________ 42

Arrhinoceratopsf utahensis Gilmore, n. sp._ 42

Description of the specimens.————_________ 42

SquamosaL____-__--——...—....____... 43

Parietal...______________________ 43

Supraorbital horn__________________ 46

Pag*

Part 2. Description of a new species of the Ceratopsia— 

Con. 

Description of the specimens—Con.

Jugal__.._______._._____——__.__- 45

QuadratojugaL.___—————————————__ 46 

Lachrymal._____—_——————————————— 46

Epijugal.________——————————————— 4P 

Quadrate _____________.___________ 46

Epoccipitals.._____——————————————. 46 

Relationships of the specimens.______————__—... 46

Part 3. Review of vertebrate fauna of the North Horn 

formation..__.__._.____...——————————————— 4P

Introduction. _________________________ 4T

Fauna! Lisi^ ___________________ ____ 4T

Class ReptUia____________________ 50

Order Dinosauria..——————————————— 60

Suborder Sauropoda Marsh. _____— 50

Family Titanosauridae Lydekker. ... 50

Suborder Ceratopsia Marsh.——————— 50 

Family Hadrosauridae Cope____ . . 61 

Family Deinodontidae Brown.... — 51

Order Sauria___——___——_———_— 51 

Family Polyglyphanodontidae Gilmore_—_____—___,______-- 51

Family undetermined.——__ ——— 51

Order Rhynchocephalia————————————— 5T

Order Crocodilia_______________— 51

Order Chelonia_________________ 5?

Class Pisces______________________ 5r

Index.______________________________ 5f

ILLUSTRATIONS

PIM.TE 3. View of badland area of the North Horn formation looking toward North Horn Mountain from the south.

4. Two views of quarry showing bones in place._______-___—______________—.———————...

5-10. Skeletal parts of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis Gilmore_______________.______._._______._..._.___

11. Crest portions of the frill of Arrhinoceratopsf utahensis Gilmore_____________—________

12. Median portion of skull of Arrhinoceratopsf utahensis...........______________.________

13. Epoccipital bones tentatively referred to Arrhinoceratopsf utahensis._______________———————_.

14. Parts of ceratopsian skull and a hadrosaurian femur_____._______________________..__._.

FIGURE 4. Chevrons of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis Gilmore--._______________________________

5. Outlines of sternal plates of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis.... __________._____...__________

6. Left scapula and coracoid of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis..............................................

7. Forelimbs of Alamosaurus and Apatosaurus viewed from in front------------_...___-_._-.._.

8. Right humerus of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis viewed from in front_____________________._.________.

9. Right radius and ulna of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis shown as found articulated___________________

10. Right metacarpus of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis...........................___.____...______.

11. Coossified ischia of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis viewed from above...._-_..________————————

12. Incomplete skull of Arrhinoceratopsf utahensis Gilmore viewed from the right side______________

13. Geologic map of North Horn area, Emery County, Utah. ________________,_-___——__

Page 

40 

40 

5?

5? 

5r

8T 

3A

8f 

37 

37

3f 

3f 

40 

44 

4f

m

REPTILIAN FAUNA OF THE NORTH HORN FORMATION

OF CENTRAL UTAH

BY CHARLES W. GILMOEE

ABSTRACT

In Part 1 a sauropod dinosaur from the lower part of the North 

Horn formation in central Utah, represented by 30 procoelous caudal 

vertebrae, with chevrons, and the ischia, right forelimb, scapula, 

coracoid, and sternal plates, is referred to the species Alamosaurus 

sanjuanensis Gilmore. This specimen substantiates a previous discovery of sauropod remains in New Mexico and establishes definitely 

the presence of the family Titanosauridae in the Upper Cretaceous

of North America. It also supplies new data on skeletal feature* 

of the late sauropods.

In Part 2, a new species, assigned tentatively to the genus Arrhincceratops Parks, and other ceratopsian specimens from the North Hor* 

formation of central Utah are described.

In Part 3, the reptilian forms of the fauna are reviewed, and cor« 

relation with other Upper Cretaceous faunas is briefly discussed.

PART 1. OSTEOLOGY OF ALAMOS A UR US, A SAUROPOD DINOSAUR-FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUF

INTRODUCTION

In a brief note 2 attention has recently been directed to 

the discovery of a partial skeleton of a large sauropod 

dinosaur in the Upper Cretaceous of central Utah. It is 

proposed to give here a detailed discussion of its relationships. Its geologic occurrence has been described by E, M. 

Spieker. 8

The general appearance of the area on which the specimen was found is shown on plate 3 and close views of the 

quarry on plate 4. The broader relationships of the locality 

are shown on the map included by Spieker in his description of the Wasatch Plateau. 4

The discovery of the specimen by the 1937 Smithsonian 

Paleontological Expedition is of more than ordinary 

interest: (1) It substantiates the authenticity of the 

original discovery that sauropod dinosaurs may be found 

hi the Upper Cretaceous of North America; (2) it demonstrates the presence of a member of the family Titanosauridae in North America; (3) it permits for the first 

time an adequate diagnosis of the genus Alamosaurus; 

and (4) it strongly suggests that the North Horn formation may be the equivalent in age of the Ojo Alamo formation of New Mexico.

l Late Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology, U. S. National Museum. This 

paper is a product of informal cooperation between the Geological Survey and 

the U. S. National Museum and is published by permission of the Secretary, 

Smithsonian Institution.

* Gilmore, C. W., Sauropod dinosaur remains in the Upper Cretaceous: Science, 

new ser., vol. 87, no. 2257, p. 299, 1938.

* Spieker, E. M., Late Mesozoic and early Cenozoie history of central Utah: 

U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 205-D, pp. 134-135, 1946.

* Spieker, E. M., The Wasatch Plateau coal field, Utah: U. S. Geol. Survey 

Bull. 819, pi. 32, 1931.

fi Lydekker, R., Contributions to a knowledge of the fossil vertebrates of Argentina, 1, The dinosaurs of Patagonia: Paleontologfa Argentina, t. 2, Mua. de 

La Plata Anales (unnumbered) p. 3, 1893.

' Lydekker, R., Notices of new and other Vertebrata from Indian Tertiary 

and secondary rocks: India Geol. Survey Rec., vol. 10, pp. 38-41, 1877.

1 Dep6ret, Charles. Note sur les dinoaauriens sauropodes et the'ropodes du 

Crtftacg superieur de Madagascar: Soc. geol. France, ser, 3, t. 24, p. 192, 1896.

Family TITANOSAURIDAE Lydekker 

In view of the fact that the Titanosauridae hav* 

hitherto not been positively recognized as occurring in 

North America, a brief review of the family seems appropriate.

The term Titanosauridae was proposed by Lydekker * 

in 1893 to include the sauropodous dinosaurs described 

by him from India and South America. At that time he 

provisionally defined the family as follows:

Sauropodous dinosaurs in which the caudal vertebrae, with thi 

exception of the first, are procoelus, the presacrals opisthocoelus, 

and the lumbars without lateral cavities; the superior extremities 

of the chevron bones being open.

The family Titanosauridae has since become the repository of practically all the Cretaceous sauropod dinosaur" 

that have been described. In many instances these assign - 

ments rest primarily on the presence of similar procoehr 

caudal vertebrae. If correctly' referred, representatives 

of this family have been reported from India, 6 Indo-China, 

Madagascar,7 Egypt,8 Transylvania,9 southern France, 1" 

Isle of Wight, 11 Brazil, 12 Patagonia, 13 South Africa, 14 and 

North America. 15 Thus it would appear that the Titanosauridae have the widest geographical range of any known 

family of the Dinosauria.

8 Stromer, E , Ergebnisse der Forschungareisen Prof. E. Stromers in.den Wusten Xgyptens, II. Wirbeltierreste der Baharle-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman) 

11. Sauropoda: Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-naturwiss. Abt., Abh., neue Folge, 

Heft 10, 1932. •

9 Nopsca, Francis, On the geological importance of the primitive reptilian 

fauna of the uppermost Cretaceous of Hungary; with a description of a new 

tortoise (Kattokibotiori): Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., vol. 79, p. 107, 1923.

w Depgret, Charles, op. cit., p. 176.

11 Lydekker, R., On certain tMnosauriae vertebrae from the Cretaceous of 

India and the Isle ol Wight: Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., vol. 43, pp. 156- 

160, 1887.

12 Huene, Friedrich von, Los saurisquios y orniiasquios del Cretaceo Argentine • Mus. La Plata Anales, ser. 2. t. 3, p. 167, 1929.

13 Lydekker, R., op. cit. (Paleontologla Argentina, t. 2), p. 1, 1893.

14 Broom, R., On the occurrence of an opisthocoelian dinosaur (Alogo&auntt 

bauri) in the Cretaceous beds of South Africa: Geol. Mag., dec. 5, vol. 1, pp. 

445-447, 1904.

16 Gilmore, C. W., A new sauropod dinosaur from the Ojo Alamo formation cf 

New Mexico: Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 72, no. 14, 1922,

27
30 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1945

Huene 16 was the first to assign the genus Alamosaurus 

to the Titanosauridae, an assignment proved correct by 

the specimen here discussed.

From the information furnished by theJJtah specimen, 

in conjunction with a review of the literature, the definition of the family Titanosauridae may now be amplified 

as follows:

First caudal vertebra with biconvex centrum; other 

caudals strongly procoelous; neural arches on most of the 

caudals attached to the anterior half of the centrum; 

caudals without lateral cavities; presacrals opisthocoelus; 

5 or 6 vertebrae in sacrum; all chevron bones open at 

articular end; pubes not narrowing distally; ischia short 

and wide, without especial distal thickening.

The following genera have been included in this family: 

Titanosaurus, India, Indo-China, and South America; 

Argyosaurus, Laplatasaurus, Antarctosaurus, Campylodon, 

all from South America; Macrurosaurus, England; Hypselosaurus, Aepyosaurus, both from southern France; Aegyptosaurus, Egypt; Algosaurus, South Africa; and Alamosaurus, New Mexico.

When more complete specimens are found, it is quite 

probable that some of these genera will be shown to have 

other family affiliations.

Genus ALAMOSAURUS Gilmore

Alamosaurus Gilmore, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 72, no. 14, pp1-9, pis. 1-2, 1922.

Genotype: Alamosaurus sanjuanensis Gilmore.

The genus Alamosaurus was established on a meager 

specimen collected by John B. Reeside, Jr., from the Ojo 

Alamo formation, Upper Cretaceous, in New Mexico. 

The type material consists of two bones, a left scapula 

and a right ischium, somewhat incomplete and perhaps 

pertaining to two individuals. The rather unusual procedure of founding a genus on such scanty evidence was 

justified on the ground that this was the first authentic 

record of the occurrence of sauropodous dinosaur remains 

in the Upper Cretaceous of North America. Fortunately, 

the specimen found in Utah has a scapula and both ischia 

preserved, thus permitting the fullest possible comparison 

to be made.

The present specimen is in close agreement with the 

type in all important particulars, and as the slight differences observed could not be considered of specific importance, I refer this specimen to Alamosaurus sanjuanensis.

Contributory evidence of the correctness of this conclusion is furnished, by a second specimen from the type 

area—No. 15658, United States National Museum. This 

specimen consists of approximately the twenty-first caudal 

centrum and a caudal neural spine collected in 1916 by 

John B. Reeside, Jr., from a shale bed 3 to 8 feet above 

the base of the Ojo Alamo formation, in Barrel Springs 

Arroyo, west of the road, 1 mile south of Ojo Alamo,

N. Mex. These bones are in perfect agreement with the 

caudal vertebrae of the Utah specimen, down to the 

smallest details. Thus it is shown that these typically 

procoelous caudal vertebrae also may b3 found in the 

same formation as the type materials on vhieh the genus 

Alamosaurus was established and to that extent verify 

the identification of the Utah specimen with the meager 

materials from New Mexico. For the first time an adequate 

diagnosis of the skeletal characteristics of the genus 

Alamosaurus is possible.

Diagnosis: First caudal vertebra with biconvex centrum; other caudals procoelous; spines of anteriorly caudal 

vertebrae relatively short; neural arches arising from the 

anterior half of the centra; prezygapophyses long, with 

articular faces looking more strongly inward than upward; 

transverse processes on first eight caudals, stout and 

raking backward; 25 chevrons, the first carried by caudal 

1, none bridged across at the articular end; scapula with 

blade regularly widening from the narrowest diameter 

upward, blade wide throughout; spine at right angles to 

longest axis of scapula; ischia short, narrowing but little 

distally, joined along median line for tb<nr fall length; 

humerus long in relation to length of radius and ulna; 

ulna with short, stout olecranon process; five metacarpels, 

stout, first and second subequal in length; sternal bones 

very large.

Alamosaurus sanjuanensis Gilmore

Alamosaurus sanjuanensis Gilmore, Smithsonian Mise Coll. vol' 

72, no. 14, pp. 1-9, pis. 1-2, 1922.

Specimen: United States National Museum 15560. 

Consists of 30 articulated caudal vertel ~ae, beginning 

with the first; 25 chevrons; 2 ischia, righ* somewhat incomplete; left scapula and coracoid; right humerus, ulna, 

radius, and metacarpus articulated; 2 sternal plates and 

parts of 3 ribs. Although not collected, the sacrum was 

observed hi the field, and evidence was noted that the 

complete sacrum consisted of 5 vertebrae. Found by 

George B. Pearee, June 15, 1937.

Locality: Southwest toe of North Horn Mountain, 

Manti National Forest, Emery County, U*%h.

Horizon: Lower part of North Horn fo-mation, Upper 

Cretaceous.

DETAILS OF THE SKELETAL PARTS

THE TAIL

Caudal vertebrae

The tail is represented by 30 consecutive vertebrae, 

beginning with the first and retaining all the chevrons. 

In place, the tail showed a slight displacement between 

the ninth and tenth vertebrae but otherwise formed an 

articijlated series. All tail vertebrae, except caudal 1, are 

strongly procoelous. None of the centr» have lateral

M Huene, Friedrich von, op. eit., p. 118, 1929.
BEPTILIAN FAUNA OF THE NOBTH HORN FOBMASSOH UTAH

cavities. The anterior eaudals are relatively long; short 

centra, such as are found in Camarctsaurus, Apatosaurus, 

and Diplodocus, are lacking.

The first caudal in Alamosaurus is characterised by its 

biconvex centrum, a feature found elsewhere among the 

Reptilia only hi the Crocodilidae. Viewed from the front 

this centrum is subrectangular hi outline, with the greatest 

diameter vertically. The anterior ball is more evenly 

rounded than the posterior and projects prominently 

forward from the centrum. (See pi. 5, fig. 1.)

The neural arch is low, restricted fore and aft, and arises 

wholly from the anterior half of the centrum. The diapophyses are thin, winglike processes that spring about 

equally from the sides of the centrum and arch, extending 

outward nearly at right angles to the bone. Both processes are slightly incomplete, but the right one gives a 

fairly good idea of its main features. (See pi. 8, fig. 1.) 

The upper border slopes steeply downward and outward 

from the level of the prezygapophyses as a thin plate, 

being thickened only along the ventral border. The 

extreme outer end is missing on both processes.

The prezygapophyses are lacking, except for their 

thifi bases adjacent to the spine. These are deep dorsoventrally and indicate that the missing articular -faces 

looked more strongly inward than upward. Superiorly 

they are braced by the supraprezygapophyseal laminae. 

Additional support is given by the supradiapophyseal 

lamina that terminates near their superior borders. The 

postzygapophyses are somewhat beneath the base of the 

spine. Their articular faces are poorly defined.

The spine on caudal 1 is badly distorted by crushing, 

which somewhat obscures its structure. It is composed 

primarily of prezygapophyseal, postzygapophyseal, prespinal, and postspinal laminae. The spine viewed from 

the front gradually widens from the base upwards. (See 

.pi. 8, fig. 1.) The prespinal and postspinal laminae have 

their surfaces rugosely roughened throughout the greater 

part of their lengths. The prespinal is the more prominently 

developed. There is only slight evidence of emargination 

of the top of the spine. On the lower posterior angle chevron facets are developed. Anterior to these facets the 

median surface is flattened, with little indication of the 

lateral ridges that form such a conspicuous feature hi 

the most posterior vertebrae.

Caudals two to thirty may be discussed as a group. 

From the table of measurements on page 32 it will be 

noted that the centra gradually decrease in length posteriorly as far as the thirteenth; beyond which they gradually 

lengthen for a few vertebrae and then progressively 

shorten to the end of the series. The last two show a more 

rapid reduction in size than those before, suggesting a 

near approach to the whiplash that probably was present, 

as in the South American Titanosaurus australis.

The centra have a pronounced ball on the posterior end 

with a deep cup on the anterior. Viewed endwise (see pi.

8) caudal 2 is M^^A866Wide,t'whicfe proportion 

Tsack to caudal 12. Th&fburteeata shows subequal diameters, and the remamiog mes^bers of the series are wHer 

than high.

The chevrons are articulated intercentrallyj and the 

articular facets are-clearly observable posteriorly as far 

as caudal 18. :-

The inferior caudal surfaoes, posterior to caudal ly are 

rudely rectangular in outline^ but sKghtly expanded a* 

either end. Commencing with caudal 2 the cohs|>iciimii 

feature df the ventral view-is the pair of lateral rid'*eS 

developed on either side of the centrum. Anteriorly t^-**® 

begin 60 to 70 millimeterss posterior to the lip of the rip 

and terminate posteriorly a6 : the beginning <rf the baft^ 

at the posterior termination of each ridge the ends are 

obliquely truncated, thus forming facets for the articulation of the chevron. These ridges become progressively 

less and less conspicuous posteriorly, practically disappearing on caudal 14. Although chevrons persist as far 

as caudal 25, distinct facets for their articulation apprmf 

for the last time on caudal 18. The median longitudinal 

channel; which is such a conspicuous feature df the Wsntral surface on the anterior third of the tail, has all Ht 

disappeared on the posterior members; on the eighteenth 

centrum all that remains are shallow median depressions 

at either end, and these persist to the last of the vertebral 

series but become shallower and less well defined in the 

posterior eaudals. On the anterior ventral end of eaud<4s 

29 and 30 a decided median notch appears hi the border 

of the cup. (See pi. 8.)

; Except on the first caudal the transverse1 processes fMre 

heavy, rounded, and. blunt, and they project outward 

and backward, springing about equally from the arch 

and the top of the .centrum. These processes gradually 

decrease hi length posteriorly, disappearing after caudal 8. 

The next four vertebrae have raised, roughened reetan£<ilar areas (see pi. 6) in lietl of transverse processes, and 

from caudal 13 to 26 these areas are replaced by a rafe**! 

longitudinal ridge. The ridges gradually decrease in s*^ 

from front to back, disappearing entirely on caudal 27,

The prezygapophyses are strongly developed throughout the caudal series and were probably functional as far 

back as caudal 23. They regularly increase in size from tHe 

first to the thirtieth. In the anterior eaudals the prer*- 

gapophyses are deep dorso-ventrally, are exceptionally 

long, and strongly overhang the ends of the centra. Th^y 

appear to have a downward curve, an appearance d'ie 

largely to the convex contour'of their upper borders. TS 

articular faces look more strongly inward than upward. 

On the anterior vertebrae the prezygapophyses are 

strengthened superiorly by supraprezygapophyseal laiHnae and inferiorly by the walls of the neural arch. T'-* 

laminae largely disappear posterior to caudal 13. Ne<\r 

caudal 13 the prezygapophyses are long and fingerlilre, 

becoming progressively shorter posteriorly until on caudal
32 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL «E0kOGY, 1946

27 their anterior ends terminate within the end of the 

centrum. (See pi. 7, fig. 27.) On many vertebrae one 

prezygapophysis is shorter than its opposite fellow.

The postzygapophyses.are at the base of and slightly 

beneath the spine and face outward and slightly downward. From first to last these articular facets are poorly 

defined.

The spine on the caudals is composed primarily of the 

prezygapophyseal, postzygapophyseal, prespinal, and 

postspinal laminae. Except for the prezygapophyseal, 

these laminae largely disappear as distinct structures near 

caudal 7.

The neural arches throughout the series arise from the 

forward half of the centrum and are present on all 30 

vertebrae.

The spines of the anterior caudals are relatively short, 

contrasted with the attenuated spines corresponding in 

Apatosaurus and Diplodocus. They rapidly decrease in 

height posteriorly and disappear as separate structures 

near caudal 15, in this respect most nearly resembling 

those of Brachiosaurus. The spines are simple, none having emarginate tops as in Apatosaurus and Diplodocus.

In comparison with Titanosaurus australis the caudal 

vertebrae of Alamosaurus are simple and rectangular, 

viewed from the side, with a squarely truncated upper 

extremity. The tops of the spines are transversely widened 

on the first nine vertebrae, but more especially on the 

first six. In the anterior caudal spines the anterior and 

posterior surfaces are strongly rugose, probably in connection with the attachment of strong interspinous ligaments. At the base of the spines both front and back are 

deep pits leading into the interior of the bone, and these 

continue posteriorly as far as the eighteenth vertebra.

Caudals 5 and 6 are coossified by their centra. (See 

pi. 5, figs. 5 and 6.) There is little distortion of the bones, 

and very little extraneous bony matter extends over the 

joint. It is in no way comparable to the lesion on the 

sauropod caudals described and illustrated by^Moodie, 17 

but the union may have been brought about by a slight 

injury.

The outstanding features of the caudal region of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis may be summarized as follows:

Caudal 1 with •strongly convex ends.

Caudals 2 to 30 strongly procoelous.

Neural spines arising from the anterior half of centra.

Spines of anterior caudals relatively short, diminishing rapidly hi

height posteriorly.

Transverse processes only on caudals 1 to 8. 

Functional zygapopyhses ending'on caudal 25. 

First caudal chevron bearing.

The type caudal vertebrae on which the genus Titanosaurus was established were considered by Lydekker to 

belong to the postmedian part of the tail, but comparison 

with the articulated caudals of Alamosaurus indicates

they pertain to thef anterior half. The caudal figured by 

Lydekker w belongs about at the thirteenth or fourteenth 

from the proximal end of the tail. It is dfetin'ruished frxjm 

the Alamosaurus caudals by its much smaller size, more 

compressed centrum, and sharper definition of the chevron 

facets. Except for tfeeu* smaller size, the caudal vertebrae 

of Titanosaurus blandfordi, illustrated on plate 7 of 

Lydekker's paperf cited above, bear a close* resemblance 

to the Alamosaurus caudals than do those of T. indicus. , Although the forward position of the neural arches distinguishes the caudals of this animal jfrom all other North 

American Sauropoda, this feature is found also in the 

genus Titanosaurus.

Measurements of caudal vertebrae, in millimeters

Vertebra 

No.

!_>.- —

2— __ .

3- ———

4—— —

5———— .

6——— —

7- _ ..

8. __ ..

9... _ .

10.. __ .

11———-

12.. _ -.

13————

14 ____

15 _ -.-.

16———-

17————

18————

19— ——

20 ____

21————

22————

23 _ — -

24 ___ .

25———

26 ___ -

27 ____

28- — ...

9Q

<*n

Greatest 

length of 

centrum

370

314

296

280

\ 468

270

263

262

249

266

252

238

245

257

251

248

251

245

241

240

235

225

220

210

208

200

200

173

144

Greatest 

horizontal 

diameter 

of centrum, 

distal end

195

190

189

\ 161

160

153

155

139

121

133

148

149

152

124

153

162

166

160

156

146

134

134

123

117

102

84

73

46

Greatest 

vertical 

diameter 

of centrum, 

distal end

218

200

183

195

189

175

162

160

150

154

145

131

105

109

92

106

101

92

80

87

84

82

89

79

77

68

65

57

52

Greatest 

height 

over aft

- 645

505

VI

465

452e

3f3

861 sr*

3f4

2?5

2P3

275

2f8

210

9f*S

203

IfS

lf«inir2ire

153

149

1*0

IfS

122

10ft

103

?3

Greatest 1 

width 

tip to tip ' 

of transverse 

processes

343e

325

290

253

248

213

150

150

17 Moodie, R. L., Two caudal vertebrae of a sauropodous dinosaur exhibiting 

a pathological lesion: Am. Jour. Sci., 4th ser., vol. 41, pp. 530-531, fig. 1, 1916.

Chevrons

Commencing with caudal 1, intervertel v*al chevron 

bones are present as far back as the twenty-fifth, which, 

from its small size, is probably the last of t\ «» series. For 

the sake of clearness in discussing the chevrons they are 

enumerated with the vertebrae, the most anterior numbered one. All were found articulated, and their arrangement here may be considered as positively determined.

In having a chevron on caudal 1, Alamosaurus is in 

accord with Apatosaurus but differs from Diplodocus, 

in which the first chevron is carried on the second caudal.

In this series (see fig. 4) there are three ouite distinct 

types of chevron bones. Nos. 1 to 15 are typically reptilian but open above the haemal canal, t\e two arms 

uniting below to form a laterally compressed spine that 

widens somewhat toward the distal end. Nos. 16 to 18 

have the upper portion of chevron joined below but lack

18 Lydekker, R., Fossil Reptilia and Batrachia: Palaeontolo-ria Indica, ser. 4, 

Indian pre-Tertiary Vertebrate, voL 1. pt. 3, pi. 4, figs. 1, 2,1879..
REPTILIAN FAUNA OF THE NORTH HORN FORMATION OF CENTRAL UTAH

23 21 19 16 14 10 3

33

23

B

21 19

FIOUBB 4.—Chevrons of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis Gilmore (U. S. Nat. Mus. 15560). A, Lateral view; B, posterior view. Nos. 3, 10, 14, 16, 19, 21, and 23 refer to

position in the series. All one-tenth natural size.

a spine. Nos. 19 to 25 have the two halves of chevron 

separate. The first type gradually diminishes in length 

posteriorly until in the sixteenth chevron little remains 

except the cojoined arms. In the succeeding chevrons the 

articular ends are the last features to lose their identity. 

Even where the two halves are separate the form of the 

articular end is retained in the anterior pairs, but succeeding this type are elongated, subrounded, ossiclelike elements that were attached on their flattened sides to the 

outer lower angles of the vertebrae. These paired elements 

not only differ in size, but also in shape. The last, or 

twenty-fifth, chevron consists of a single elongated, 

rounded ossiclelike bone. Chevrons 7 to 17 display a lack 

of symmetry that is unique. On these chevrons the posterior border of the right arms, just before their junction 

to form the spine, is noticeably in advance of the left side. 

This is probably an individual peculiarity, for none of 

the bones gives indication of being injured or diseased.

The outstanding features of the chevrons are the great 

size of the haemal opening and the fact that none is 

bridged across with bone on the articular end. In Diplodocus the anterior chevrons have the haemal opening much 

reduced in size, whereas in Alamosaurus these openings 

are deep, constituting one-half the total length of the 

bone. Although retaining considerable depth, in chevrons 

4 to 10, inclusive, these openings are somewhat less than 

one-half of the total length of the bone. From chevron 10 

posteriorly, however, owing to progressive shortening 

of the spines, the haemal canal again becomes more than

695452°—46—2

one-half the total length of the bone. The longest chevrons,

4 and 5, have a greatest length of about 403 millimeters

>

PECTORAL GIRDLE

The pectoral girdle is represented in this specimen by 

the left scapula and coracoid and both sternal plates, all 

in an excellent state of preservation.

Sternal plates

The sternal plates, as shown in plate 9, were found 

side by side not far removed from their proper relationship to the other parts of the skeleton. These paired 

plates are elongate, with concave outer borders, bluntly 

pointed in front, and with broad squarely truncated 

posterior extremities.

The smooth, slightly concave side apparently is the 

upper or visceral surface and the slightly convex side the 

lower or outer surface. The lower surface near the outer 

anterior border is marked by a sharp ridge that extendsbackward from the proximal end. At the anterior end thir 

ridge stands out prominently from the surface of the 

bone and leans strongly toward the outer side of the plate. 

Its truncated anterior end contributes to the beveled, 

roughened articular surface of the coracoid, and in E 

posterior direction it rapidly recedes in height to merge 

into the thickened portion of the plate. The sternal at 

the point of articulation with the coracoid has a greatest 

thickness of about 110 millimeters.

The smooth, outer concave border of the bone is thin,, 

but it thickens rapidly inward. The broad, truncate
34 SHOETEE CONTEIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

FiotntB 5.—Outlines of sternal plates of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis Gilmore (U. 8. Nat. Mus. 15560) showing their probable relationships in the articulated sternum.

One-twentieth natural size.

posterior end is thickened on the outer third, but gradually 

becomes thinner toward the inner edge. The thickened 

portion of this end gives faint indication of indentures 

for the attachment of the cartilaginous sternal ribs. The 

irregular inner border for one-half the length of the plate 

is thin, but the anterior half becomes increasingly thickened as it approaches the coracoidal articular facet.

These paired plates are asymmetrical to the extent that 

the left plate is longer and narrower than the right. This 

same asymmetry is also noted in a pair of sternal bones 

(U. S. Nat. Mus. 13786) of Camarasaurus lentus preserved in the National Museum collections. In general 

outline and in other particulars these elements are in 

fairly close agreement. In size the sternal plates of Alamosaurus (fig. 5) are the largest sternal plates that have 

ever come to my attention, the right sternal, which is the 

longest, measuring nearly 3^ feet in length (approximately 

1 meter).

In outline the plates resemble those of Brachiosaurus 

more closely than those of Apatosaurus, Barosaurus, or 

Camarasaurus.

The proper articulation of these elements in the sauropod skeleton has occasioned much perplexity and much 

difference of opinion as to which is the anterior end. The 

position of the present plates in the quarry—the heavy, 

thickened ends facing forward—confirms the correctness 

of Professor Marsh's determination of the position of the 

sternals in a specimen of Apatosaurus excelsus. 19 Additional evidence that this is the correct position is furnished 

by a specimen of Camarasaurus lentus (U. S. Nat. Mus. 

13786), which had the sternals preserved in situ between 

the ribs of the two sides, both of them with the heavy, 

more pointed end forward. In this connection it is now 

quite evident that Hatcher 20 and Holland 21 were in error 

in their interpretation of the sternals of Diplodocus. The

heavy thickened end which they regarded as posterior is 

quite certainly the anterior end.

The relationship of one plate to the other along the 

median line also offers some perplexities, but the position 

of the plates as found in the ground, with tin forward inner 

borders nearly in apposition, is probab'y the correct 

articulated position of the elements. In this position they 

would be as shown in figure 5, with a d^ep triangularshaped cleft between their posterior ends, such as would 

be the relation of the sternals of Diplodocus if the position 

advocated by Hatcher and Holland were reversed. This 

position, furthermore, puts the thickened anterior borders 

nearly in apposition instead of the thinner posterior 

borders. By experiment it was determin0*! that if the 

posterior halves of these bones were joined along the 

median line the articular facets for the coracoids would 

be approximately 4 feet apart, which would provide a 

chest measurement all out of proportion to the known 

dimensions of these large sauropod skeletons.

Measurements of sternals, in mittime'ers

Greatest over-all length ___ ________________

Greatest width at posterior end —— ___________

Greatest width at center— __ __ __._ __ _ _

Right

1,015

600

518

Left

1,071

552

465

19 Marsh, 0. C., Dinosaurs of North America: U. S. Geol. Survey 16th Ann. 

Rept., pi. 22, fig. 1, 1896.

20 Hatcher, J. B., Diplodocus Marsh; its osteology, taxonomy, and probable 

habits, with a restoration of the skeleton: Carnegie Mus. Mem., vol. 1, no. 1, 

p. 39, fig. 12, 1901.

Scapula and coracoid

The left scapula coossified with the coracoid was recovered in an almost complete state of preservation, the 

coracoid lacking some of its anterior border, as shown in 

figure 6. In size these bones rival those cf the largest of 

the sauropod dinosaurs, measuring about 76 inches, 

approximately 2 meters, from end to end. The blade is 

especially wide throughout its length. From, its narrowest

21 Holland, W. J., The osteology of Diplodocus Marsh, with special reference to 

the restoration of the skeleton of Diplodocus carnegiei Hatcher: Carnegie Mus. 

Mem., vol. 2, no. 6, p. 256, fig. 25, 1906.
REPTILIAN FAUNA OF THE NORTH HORN FORMATION OF CENTRAL UTAH 35

FIQOBB 6.—Left scapula and coracoid of Ahmosaurus sanjiMnensif Oilmore (TJ. S. Nat. Mus 15560), lateral view:eo .coracoid; se, scapula. One-tenth natural s'«e.
36 SHOETEH CONTEIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

diameter it gradually widens from below upwards, as hi 

the type. There is no special expansion of the anterior 

border of the blade, as hi Camarasaurus and Titanosaurus, or of both upper borders, as hi Haplocanthosaurus 

and Diplodocus, its closest resemblances being with the 

scapula of Cetiosaurus oxoniensis. The great width of the 

blade as a whole at once distinguishes it from the scapula 

of Apatosaurus. The posterior border is sinuous, with an 

abrupt downward turn of the thickened portion above the 

glenoid fossa. The upper, or suprascapular, end is thickened transversely and gently convex anteroposteriorly. 

Its surface is rugosely roughened, probably for the attachment of the suprascapular cartilage.

The spine is prominent and extends forward to the 

border, being placed at right angles to the longitudinal 

axis of the bone. This ridge is much thickened and along 

the side toward the coracoid the bone is deeply excavated, 

forming a muscle fossa of great extent. The opposite side 

of the spine slopes sharply off to the border. In this respect 

it differs from the type scapula of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis, which has a more gradual slope to this edge, as 

shown hi plate 10, figure 1. On the internal side the 

scapula and coracoid are concave from end to end, thus 

conforming to the shape of the thorax.

In the formation of the glenoid fossa the coracoid and 

scapula contribute, about equally. The sutural union of 

these two bones is so fully fused that their line of coalescence is difficult of detection. The coracoid has the usual 

subrectangular outline, its vertical and longitudinal diameters being about subequal. The outer side is irregularly 

convex, the inner concave. Approaching the glenoid fossa 

this border rapidly thickens. The bone is perforated by a 

large elliptical foramen that passes diagonally backward 

through the bone, emerging on the inner side close to the 

coraco-scapular suture.

In general the scapula closely resembles the type of 

Alamosaurus sanjuanensis, differing only hi a few details, 

such as having a more sinuous posterior border, a more 

rapid slope from the thickened spine upward to the 

border, and slightly smaller size. None of the differences 

observed could be considered as more than individual 

variation, and for that reason, substantiated by the close 

resemblance of the ischia to the paratype, this specimen 

is referred to Alamosaurus sanjuanensis.

The scapula of Alamosaurus is quite different from the 

scapulae of Titanosaurus australis as figured and described 

by Huene. 22 In view of the close resemblances found hi 

the other bones, the total dissimilarity of the scapulae 

and coracoids of these two species leads me to question 

the validity of the association of the South American 

scapulae with the Titanosaurus skeleton, especially since 

the corresponding bones assigned to the genus Laplatasaurus,TM except for size, bear a much closer resemblance

to the North American material. Because of the scattered 

occurrence of the South American material", the differences hi the scapulae would suggest an accidental interchange of skeletal parts.

Comparative measurements of scapulae, in millimeters

Greatest over-all length of scapula

and coracoid. 

Greatest length of scapula. __ __

Least diameter of blade ___ ____

Greatest diameter of upper or distal end.

U. S. Nat. Mus.

1,948+

1,475

815

265

490

'Type

IT. S. Nat. Mus.

1,700

820

290

450

22 Huene, Friedrich von, Loa saurisquioa y ornitisquioa del Cretaceo Argentine: 

Mus. La Plata Anales., ser. 2, t. 3, pp. 36-37, pi. 9, 1929.

THE FORELIMB

The right forelimb, including the foot, was found articulated as shown in plate. 4, A. It consists of the somewhat 

incomplete humerus, perfect radius and ulna, and five 

articulated metacarpals. As found in the quarry the forelimb measured about 9 feet (approximately 2.75 meters) 

from the proximal end of the humerus to the distal end 

of the metacarpus. Its outstanding characteristic is the 

great length of the humerus relative to that of the radius 

and ulna. In comparison, a radius and an ulna of Apatosaurus of lengths almost identical with those of the specimen under discussion are associated with a humerus that is 

8 inches (200 millimeters) shorter than that of Alamosaurus (see fig. 7), and this proportional differerce obtains in 

both Diplodocus and Camarasaurus.

Humerus

When found, the humerus was protruding from the 

outcrop, and much of the anterior face of the proximal 

end and the entire inner angle had been eroded away, 

though the bone otherwise was excellency preserved. 

The head is centrally placed, forming a rounded prominence that is especially conspicuous hi its posterior aspect.

The deltoid extends well down on the outer side of the 

shaft, is heavy, and overhangs the center of the shaft. 

This feature has quite certainly been exaggerated by 

crushing. The outer side of the humerus is unusually 

straight (fig. 8), not widening out as hi mos^ other sauropod genera.

Distally the shaft terminates on the outer side hi an 

inconspicuous radial condyle, set off by a longitudinal 

groove upon its anterior face. The ulnar ccndyle is likewise weakly defined. Viewed from the distal end the 

humerus is subrectangular in outline, witl the median 

posterior border deeply and broadly hollowed out by the 

anconeal fossa. Viewed laterally the distal end shows a 

slight inclination forward. Both articular end" are rugosely 

roughened.

»Idem, pi. 23, figs. 1, 2. .
REPTILIAN FAUNA OF THE NORTH HORN FORMATION OF CENTRAL UTAH

A B

FIGURE 7.—Fore limbs of Alamosaurus and Apatosaurus, viewed from the front. 

A, Alamosaurus sanjuanensis (U. S. Nat. Mus. 15560); B, Apatosaurus louisea 

(C. M 3018). Both about one-twentieth natural size.

Measurements of humerus

Millimeters

Greatest length_________________ _________ 1,360 

Greatest transverse diameter, distal end__-_____--_.____-_ 478 

Least transverse diameter of shaft________________.______ 230

Radius and ulna

The ulna is longer and heavier than the radius. It differs 

from most other sauropod ulnae in developing a stout, 

blunt olecranon process, which stands up prominently 

behind the articular surface for the humerus, as shown in 

figure 9. The ulna of Aegyptosaurus barharijensis Stromer, 24 

a true member of the Titanosauridae, shows a somewhat 

similar blunt olecranon process. Posterior to the projection just described, and separated from it by a narrow 

notch, is a second, lesser projection. Viewed from the 

proximal end the ulna has the usual subtriangular out24 Stromer, B., Brgebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. B. Stromers in den 

Wfisten Agyptens. II. Wirbeltierreste der Baharte-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 11. Sauropoda: Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-naturwiss. Abt., Abh., 

neue Folge, Heft 10, pi. 1, fig. 2a, 1932.

FIGTTBB 8.—Bight humerus of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis Gilmore (U. S. Nat 

Mus. 15560), viewed from the front. One-tenth natural size.

line, being hollowed out in front for the reception of tH 

head of the radius. The distal end is reniform hi outline, 

with the concave side looking inward and backward. 

This end is heavier than that of the radius and mo^e 

expanded than the angularly rounded end of the ulna 

of Apatosaurus. The proximal half of the inner surface is 

hollowed out both longitudinally and anteroposteriorly.

The radius has a slightly constricted, bowed shaft, with 

ends about subequal. The upper articular end is slightly 

concave, the lower convex; the surfaces of both are rugose'y 

roughened. In the articulated position hi which the?e 

bones were found the shaft of the radius partly crosses 

that of the ulna, as shown in figure 9.

In discussing the various bones found in the "Sauropod 

bed" at Bara Simla, India, Huene and Matley 25 reached 

certain conclusions as to their association that in the light

26 Huene, Friedrich von, and Matley, C. A., The Cretaceous Saurischia end 

Orinthischia of the central provinces of India: Palaeontologia Indica, aew s^r., 

vol. 21, Mem. 1, pp. 31-32, 1933.
38 SHOETER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

FIGURE 9.—Right radius and ulna of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis (U. 8. Nat. Mus. 

15560), shown as found articulated. A, Viewed from the front; B, lateral 

view. One-tenth natural size.

of the articulated forelimb of Alamosaurus seem to be in 

error. On the basis of proportionate lengths, Huene and 

Matley concluded that the lower-limb bones were too 

short for the length of the humerus. If the same ratio 

obtains between the two segments of the forelimb as in 

Alamosaurus, the radius and ulna assigned to the Indian 

form are somewhat overlong instead of being too short, 

as shown by the measurements given below:

Length of forelimb of Alamosaurus, in millimeters

Indian specimens. __

Length of 

humerus

1360 (= 1)

1034 (= 1)

Length of 

ulna

885 (= 0.65)

790 (= 0.76)

Length of 

radius

800 (= 0.59)

780 (= 0.75)

Although the difference in measurements of the Indian 

specimens seems to indicate that these bones do not pertain to a single individual, they are at least close enough 

to warrant the suggestion that in all probability the segments of the forelimb bones of Titanosaurus and Antarctosaurus had approximately the proportions of the forelimb of Alamosaurus.

Measurements of ulna and radius

Millimeters

Greatest length of ulna_________!______________________ 885

Transverse diameter of ulna at proximal end ______________ 360

Transverse diameter of ulna at distal end.________________ 285

Transverse diameter of ulna at middle of shaft ____________ 154

Greatest length of radius_______________________________ 800

Greatest transverse diameter of radius at proximal end. ____ 285

Greatest transverse diameter of radius at distal end ________ 265

Least transverse diameter, middle of shaft ________________ 118

Metacarpus

The metacarpus of Alamosaurus, consisting of five 

elements, was found articulated, and, except for the badly 

abraded anterior surfaces of metacarpals I and II (metacarpals I and II, fig. 10), all are in a good str.te of preservation. There was no indication of ossified carpal bones. 

In order to preserve the precise relationships of these 

articulated foot bones, they were prepared in deep relief, 

but this procedure has the disadvantage of leaving their 

posterior sides partly hidden in the matrix.

IV

FIQUKE 10.—Right metacarpus of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis Gilmore (U. S. 

Nat. Mus. 15560). A, Proximal ends of metacarpals as found articulated; 

B, metacarpals, with the exception of III, viewed from the front; I, II, III, 

IV, and V indicate metacarpals one to five, respectively. One-sixth natural 

size.

In articulated position the metacarpals interlock at 

their proximal ends (see fig. 10) forming a semicircle, a 

structure with a stability that conforms well to the great 

weight they are called upon to support. The metacarpus 

as preserved has the arc of this semi-circle flattened, so 

that metacarpals IV and V lie directly behind the other 

elements. Thus, in preparing figure 73, I, II and III were 

drawn as found articulated, and IV and V separately from 

a direct front view of each, in order to show more clearly 

their relative proportions.

The metacarpals of Alamosaurus are elongated; I and'II, 

the longest of the series, are subequal in length, the remaining metacarpals: becoming progressively shorter toward 

the outside of. the manus.

The anterior face of metacarpal I in this roeeimen has 

been so badly planed off by erosion that its contours 

have been largely destroyed. The posterior siie, however, 

is in good preservation. This surface between the expanded
REPTILIAN FAUNA OF THE NORTH HORN FORMATION OF CENTRAL UTAH

ends gradually widens from above downward. On the 

proximal half of the external side this bone presents a 

flattened, beveled triangular surface that forms the chief 

articular contact for metacarpal II. Viewed from the end 

the distal extremity is rectangular in outline with the 

greatest diameter transverse. The articular surface of 

this end extends well upward on both anterior and posterior faces, being about subequal in extent. This description 

of the distal end of metacarpal I would apply equally 

well to the other metacarpals with the exception of V, 

which has the most robust distal end of any of the series.

Metacarpal II, which has the same length as I, may be 

distinguished by the subreniform outline of the proximal 

end. The greatest diameter of this extremity is anteroposterior. The external concave side of this end articulates 

with the internal side of metacarpal III. Viewed from the 

front, the shaft is transversely constricted above its 

midlength, but regularly widens from this point to the 

distal end, especially along the external side.

Metacarpal III is slightly shorter than II but more 

slender. The proximal end is triangular in outline, narrowing to an acute angle posteriorly. In a lateral view 

the shaft grows regularly wider from the distal third 

upward. In articulated position the proximal end is closely 

wedged in between metacarpals II and IV. (See fig. 10.)

Metacarpal IV, as shown in the table of measurements, 

is intermediate in length between III and V. The shaft is 

slightly twisted, thus bringing the planes of the two ends, 

viewed from the front, slightly out of alignment. Between 

the expanded ends the shaft is moderately constructed 

transversely. Viewed laterally the shaft widens regularly 

from the distal third upward. The proximal end is triangular in outline.

Metacarpal V is nearly as long as IV and equally stout. 

The proximal end is subrectangular in outline, with the 

longest diameter transverse. In articulated position little 

more than one-half of the anterior surface at the proximal 

end is in articulation with metacarpal JV.

Measurements of metacarpals, in millimeters

Metacarpal

I._...._ --_--------

II.—————— ———— ————

III. .. —— ———— _. ——— ._

IV———— —————— —

V—— ————— ———— __

Greatest 

length

410

409

390

370

357

Greatest 

diameter 

of proximal 

end

151

160

165

140

115

Greatest 

transverse 

diameter of 

distal end

142

131

104

137

131

Among the Sauropoda the metacarpals of Alamosaurus 

are exceeded in length only by those of Brachiosaurus 

brancai Janensch. 26 In Brachiosaurus, metacarpal II is

the longest, reaching a length of 634 millimeters, or move 

than 8 inches (200 millimeters) longer than metacarpal I, 

the longest in the Alamosaurus foot. The Alamosaurus 

metacarpals have relatively stouter shafts, and their 

proximal ends differ from those of Brachiosaurus in outline and relative proportion. The manner of articulation, 

however, of the metacarpals in these two genera is remarkably similar.

The foot clearly demonstrates the erect columnar position of the metacarpals in the articulated manus aid 

shows them to have been arranged in a semicircular position, a relationship made possible by the triangular form 

of the proximal ends of metacarpals II, III, and IV, PS 

shown in figure 10A. Because of the decrease toward tte 

outside in the lengths of the metacarpals, it is quite apparent that the metacarpus had a correspondingly slanting position.

The proportionate lengths of the metacarpals are quite 

unlike those of such sauropods as Apatosaurus and Camerasaurus, in which the lateral elements are shortest. This 

would seem to indicate for Alamosaurus a foot in which tl 3 

supported weight is more evenly distributed on the separate toes than in Apatosaurus and Camarasaurus. It 

might also imply a different digital formula, but unfrrtunately none of the phalangial bones were preserved with 

this specimen.

THE PELVIC REGION *"

Of the bones of the pelvic region, only the ischia were 

collected. The sacrum was noted in the field, and jt appeared to consist of five vertebrae.

The coossified ischia were found in articulation with 

remnants of the ilia arid pubes. The left ischium is fractured below the articular end, and this part is turned upward at nearly right angles to the main part of the bone. 

Otherwise it is nearly complete. The right element lacks 

the articular ends for the ilium and pubis, but hi betweer. 

a part of the acetabular border still remains.

The ischia are thoroughly coalesced for their full length 

along the median line. The exact outline of the anterior 

border is somewhat uncertain, either because this border 

has been telescoped or because the overlying bone is a 

narrow portion of the pubes that has slipped by the articulation and rests upon the ischia. If the latter, it indicates 

the pubes were closely joined across the entire anterior 

border of the ischia, thus entirely closing the pelvis from 

below.

The ischia are relatively short and broad with litth 

expansion of their distal ends. Viewed from above, tin 

conjoined ischia are broadly concave from side to sid^ 

(see fig. 11), becoming more gutterlike distally. The outer 

borders are thickened, rounded, and strongly concave,

86 Janensch, W., Das Handskelett von Gigantosaurus robustus und Branckisaurus brancai aus den Tendaguru-Schichten Deutsch-Ostafrika: Centralbl. 

Mineralogie, 1922, no. 15, pp. 464-480.
40 SHOBTEB CONTEIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

FIGURE 11.—Coosaified ischia of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis Gilmore (U. S. Nat. Mus. 15560), viewed from above, pb, indicates what appears to be an overlap of the

pubes. One-tenth natural size.

sweeping outward and upward to the heavy expanded 

end for articulation with the ischiac peduncle of the ilium. 

The acetabular border is relatively wide, its concave 

surface looking outward and forward when articulated. 

The upper anterior angle is thickened, with a rugosely 

roughened surface for articulation with the pubis. The 

anterior border becomes gradually thinner toward the 

median line. Transversely, the ventral side of the conjoined ischia is slightly convex. The distal ends are but 

little thickened and may have formed a broad notch on 

the median line, but the slightly damaged condition of 

this border leaves uncertainty on this point.

Among the various sauropod ischia with which these 

bones were compared the closest resemblance was found 

with the paratype of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis 27 from 

the Upper Cretaceous of New Mexico. These bones so 

closely resemble one another in all of their principal 

features that no doubt is left of their generic identity. 

Comparison shows at once that the original description 

of the Alamosaurus ischium erred in interpretation of the 

border for the pubic articulation. What appears to be a 

complete rugose border is now recognized as an incomplete 

broken edge, and the complete bone would have quite a 

different shape on this side. Next to Alamosaurus the 

ischium of Titanosaurus australis, as illustrated and described by Huene, 28 is of the same general type, differing 

hi having a much narrower shaft.

Measurements of ischia

Millimeters

Width across distal end of coossified ischia, about. __ _______ 395

Length at center___._______________________ 628

Greatest thickness at distal end_______________________ 55

17 Gilmore, C. W., A new aauropod dinosaur from the Ojo Alamo formation of 

New Mexico: Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 72, no. 14, pi. 2, 1922.

THE SKELETAL PARTS IN PLACES

The specimen of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis described 

was an isolated skeleton, that is, there were no bones of 

other animals found intermingled with it; thus all parts 

recovered are certainly those of a single individual. The 

skeleton was semi-articulated, the dorsal vertebrae protruding from a lens of soft, yellowish, friable sandstone. 

These bones lay practically on the surface and were so 

disintegrated that no attempt was made to collect them. 

They formed an articulated series in line with the sacrum, 

and what had been a complete pelvis was present, but 

bottom side up. Detached and some 2 feet distant from 

the last sacral was the first caudal, beginning an articulated 

series to the tenth vertebra. Between tie ninth and 

tenth was a slight dislocation, but from thir point to the 

thirtieth, the tail with all the chevrons remained in articulated sequence. Most of the ribs lay on either side and 

at right angles to tfte dorsal part of the vertebral column, 

those of the right side, in order and regularly spaced. The 

left scapula and coracoid were parallel to the calumn, but 

on the right side; whereas the complete art: oulated right 

forelimb, including the foot, was on the left side (pi. 4, A) 

and at right angles to the vertebral column. The very large 

sternal plates were shifted to one side (pi. 4, B), but their 

proper relationship to one another was maintained. The 

position of the pelvis, sternal plates, anc1 ribs clearly 

indicated that the carcass when entombed was lying 

on its back.

Of the articulated pelvis, only the ischia were sufficiently 

well preserved to be worth collecting. No trroe was found 

of the hind limbs, and the neck and skull must long since 

have been eroded away and destroyed.

18 Huene, Friedrich von, Los saurisquios y ornitisquoios del Cretdceo Argentine: Mus. La Plata Anales, ser. 2, t. 3, pi. 14, figs. 2a, 3b-e, 1P29.
GEOLOGICAL, SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 3

VIEW OF BADLAND AREA OF THE NORTH HORN FORMATION LOOKING TOWARD NORTH HORN MOUNTAIN FROM THE SOUTH. 

Shows the location of the Alamosaurus quarry (indicated by the arrow in the middle foreground). Photograph by E. M. Spieker.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 4

A. THE ARTICULATED FORELIMB OF ALAMOSAURUS SANJUANENSIS GILMORE IN PLACEi

9

B. THE STERNAL PLATES OF ALAMOSAURUS SANJUANENSIS GILMORE AS THEY WERE FOUND.

TWO VIEWS OF QUARRY SHOWING BONES IN PLACE.

REPTILIAN FAUNA OF THE NORTH HORN FORMATION OF CENTRAL UTAH 41

RELATIONSHIPS OF ALAMOSAURUS

It is clearly evident that Alamosaurus represents one 

of the larger members of the Sauropoda. The markedly 

procoelus character of the caudal vertebrae at once distinguishes this genus from all the better known sauropodous dinosaurs of North America, and indicates that its 

family affiliations are with the Titanosauridae. It should 

be mentioned, however, that Diplodocus and Brachiosaurus, and to a lesser degree Apatosaurus, have a few 

anterior caudal vertebrae that might be called procoelus, 

which are soon superseded by those of amphiplatan style, 

not present in Alamosaurus.

Among all North American sauropod genera the preserved elements of Alamosaurus compare most favorably 

with Brachiosaurus, and although these two genera can be 

adequately distinguished, the several points of resemblance 

suggest a relationship whose implications, because of the 

paucity of our knowledge of the Alamosaurus skeleton, 

cannot be fully weighed at this time.

The most apparent of these common features are an 

elongated humerus; a stout and lengthened metacarpus; 

relatively short, simple spines of the anterior caudal 

region; a lack of pleurocoels in the caudal eentra; wide 

ischia without distal expansion; and very large, somewhat 

similarly shaped sternal plates.

Of the genera assigned to the family Titanosauridae, 

most of which are inadequately known, Alamosaurus 

appears to have its closest affinities with the genus Titanosaurus of India. Insofar as one can determine from the 

illustrations and description of the meager type materials,

the Indian Titanosaunts and the North American Alamosaurus seem to be generically identical, yet it must be 

kept in mind that other parts of the skeleton might display 

points of distinction. In fact, the South American Titanosaurus. auslralis, known from more adequate specimens, 

appears, because of its much smaller size and differerces 

found in the scapula and coracoid, to be readily distinguishable from Alamosaurus. This fact, coupled vdth 

the wide geographical separation, leads to a decisior to 

continue the use of the term Alamosaurus to denote the 

North American representative of the Titanosauridae.

Huene has shown that Titanosaurus australis has a 

Diplodocus-like skull and dentition, but whether Alamosaurus has a similar development of the cranium, 

as yet we have no evidence.

Little is known of evolutionary trends in the Sauropoda, 

and it is therefore difficult to fix the phylogenetic value 

of the last of the Sauropoda. Altogether Alamosaurus is 

a type that shows no such marked specialization as do 

the Diplodocidae.

The neural spines of the anterior caudals are simple, 

not bifid, and the centra are without pleurocoels. Th°.re 

may have been an extension of the distal end of the tail 

into a long whiplash, as in I7 , australis, but as yet we have 

no evidence of this part of the skeleton. It would appear 

that in the elongation of the humerus and the metacarpus 

some specialization is shown, but here again the lacV of 

knowledge concerning the proportions of the hind linabs 

leaves us in doubt as to whether the trend was in the 

direction of the Brachiosauridae or otherwise.

696452°—46—3
42 SHOETEE CONTEIBUTIONS TO GENEEAL GEOLOGY, 1946

PART 2. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF THE CERATOPSIA

INTRODUCTION

The first recognizable ceratopsian fossils to be discovered in the North Horn formation were found in 1935 

by Messrs. E. M. Spieker and J. B. Reeside, Jr., in the 

vicinity of North Horn Mountain, Emery County, Utah. 

Additional and better-preserved specimens were collected 

there by the 1937 and 1939 Smithsonian Paleontological 

Expeditions, and, in all, skeletal parts of 11 individuals 

are now available. The incompleteness of these specimens, 

especially the lack of certain critical skull parts, leaves 

much to be desired for a study of the material, but the discoveries have greatly extended the known geographical 

range of the Ceratopsia, and one of these specimens is 

sufficiently complete to be tentatively assigned as a new 

species to the genus Arrhinoceratops Parks. '

AVAILABLE CERATOPSIAN SPECIMENS

The following specimens, all in the United States 

National Museum have been studied:

1. No. 15583. Partly disarticulated skull consisting of the right 

squamosal, jugal, lachrymal, supraorbital, postfrontal, one 

supraorbital horn core, right quadrate, and both quadratojugal bones. Posterior median part of frill, tentatively 

associated.

2. No. 15875. Right squamosal and a considerable part of the 

median part of the frill.

3. No. 16169. Articulated median part of a very large skull, including one complete brow horn and part of the other. Parts 

of both squamosals.

4. No. 16572. Posterior and median parts of the so-called parietal 

bone.

5. No. 16577. Palatal part of a skull, with the articulated lower 

parts of the jugals, epijugals, and quadrates. Small parts of 

both articulated squamosals are also present. All discarded 

except right quadrate and epijugal.

6. No. 16574. Left dentary, with a few poorly preserved teeth.

7. No. 16575. Right dentary, teeth all missing.

8. No. 15665. Right pubis.

9. No. 16576. Left pubis.

10. No. 16168. Left humerus.

11. No. 16573. Crest (median) of frill.

Family CERATOPSIDAE Marsh 

Genus ARRHINOCERATOPS Parks

The genus Arrhinoceratops was established by Parks 29 

on a well-preserved skull from the Edmonton formation, 

which skull he characterized as follows:

Supraorbital horn cores large, directed outwards and forward; 

nasal horn core absent; facial region short; crest relatively large, 

subquadrate, flat; squamosal long; parietals with oval fontinelles 

of moderate size; anterior process of jugal unusually long.

The incompleteness of the present skull renders its 

generic assignment to Arrhinoceratops somewhat conjectural, but the presence of a thin, flattened, subquadrangular crest; a large supraorbital horn core that is directed 

strongly forward; and a long wide squamosal are features 

in accord with the type. A more complete specimen might 

prove the species to be distinct from Arrhinoceratops, 

but for the present a tentative assignment to that genus 

appears to be the more logical course.

Arrhinoceratops? utahensis Gilmore, n. sp.

Type: U. S. Nat Mus. 15583. The articulated right 

squamosal, quadrate, quadratojugal, postorbital, supraorbital horn core, postfrontal, lachrymal, jug''!, and epijugal. Provisionally associated is a considerable portion 

of the posterior part of a parietal. Collected by G. B. 

Pearce, July 9, 1937.

Paratype: U. S. Nat Mus. 15875. A right squamosal 

and the posterior part of the parietal. Collected by E. M. 

Spieker and J. B. Reeside, Jr., 1935.

Type locality: For the type, west side of Forth Horn 

Mountain (see fig. 13, locality 6); for the paratype, southwest spur of North Horn Mountain (see fig. 13- locality 8), 

Manti National Forest, Emery County, Utah.

Horizon: Upper Cretaceous part of the Forth Horn 

formation.

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIMENS

The specimen selected as the type was found disarticulated and in association with the following skull and 

skeletal elements, some of which may pertain to this 

individual: Pair of lower jaws; fragmentary parts of a 

maxillary, premaxillary, and pterygoid; 13 enoccipitals; 

posterior parts of three parietals; coossified atlas, axis, 

and third cervical; 5 dorsal vertebrae; 1 cervical rib, 8 

thoracic ribs, and numerous fragments. There scattered 

bones were found in a small area about 8 by 15 feet in 

extent, and at the time of collection all were thought to 

pertain to a single individual. Preparation however, 

disclosed the presence of the posterior parts of three frill 

crests, indicating as many individuals and tvus making 

it impossible to associate properly many of tl «*. scattered 

bones.

The question of which of the three parietal^ pertaia to 

the type is to some extent solved on the evictee of the 

paratype. This specimen, U. S. Nat. Mus. 15875, which 

has a squamosal like that of the type, has much of the 

posterior half of the parietal associated with it- This bone

2» Parks, W. A., Arrhinoceratops brachyops, a new genus and species of Ceratopsia from the Edmonton formation of Alberta: Toronto Univ. studies, geol. 

ser., no. 19, pp. 5-15, pis. 1-2, 1925.
REPTILIAN FAUNA OF THE NORTH HORN FORMATION OF CENTRAL UTAH

resembles in all essential particulars two of the parietal 

parts found with the type. On the basis of the above 

association it would appear to be fair to assume that one 

of these bones pertained to the type skull. For purposes 

of description, all three will be used, as they are practically identical.

SQUAMOSAL

The squamosal is one of the characteristic bones of the 

ceratopsiaa cranium, and its proportionate length at 

once determines to what family of the Ceratopsia a specimen belongs. The squamosal of the present specimen is 

long and relatively wide, and is therefore referable to the 

long-crested line, of which Chasmosaurus, Pentaceratops, 

Anchiceratops, Arrhinoceratops, Triceratops, and Torosaurus are members.

The squamosal of the present specimen is broad anteriorly, narrowing posteriorly. The external surface for 

some distance inside the border is gently concave, then 

becomes convex, with another concave area paralleling 

the parietal border. At the posterior end "this external 

surface is flattened, and the anterior end is gently convex 

from side to side. The parietal border on the posterior 

half is much thickened, with the usual smooth, vertical 

face, but more anteriorly it appears to overlap the border 

of the parietal. In advance of midlength, this bone presents a rounded inner edge that for a distance of 230 

millimeters gives no evidence of having been in contact 

with another bone. Lull 30 calls attention to a Chasmosaurus skull in which the parietal does not have a continuous 

squamosal border and a similar condition might explain 

the rounded nonsutural section in the present skull.

The external surfaces of both squamosals of the type 

and paratype are covered with the usual vascular impressions. That the outer border was ornamented by a series 

of epoccipital bones is indicated by one on the border of 

the type (see epoc in fig. 12). Given the regular quota of 

articulated epoccipitals, the frill would have a scalloped 

border.

The right squamosal bone is preserved with the paratype 

(U. S. Nat. Mus. 15875) and also with a referred specimen 

(U. S. Nat. Mus. 16169) collected in 1939. The first mentioned has the almost complete right element present, 

while the other has the anterior half of the right and the 

posterior two-thirds of the left preserved. In shape and 

other proportions there is the closest agreement among all 

three bones. The referred specimen (U. S. Nat. Mus. 

16169) is larger than the others, and the external surface 

of the squamosal of the paratype is more profusely ornamented with vascular impressions, but otherwise all are 

closely similar.

30 Lull, R. S., A revision of the Ceratopsia or horned dinosaurs: Peabody Mus. 

Nat. History Mem., vol. 3, pt. 3, p. 25, 1933.

PARIETAL

The term parietal as used here comprises the median 

part of the crest that lies between the squamosals, thus 

returning to the use of the original designation of Mar*h 

for this part of the ceratopsian skull. This procedure is 

adopted here to conform to present-day usage and thus 

avoid confusion in description, although the evidence 

does not yet seem conclusive that the median part of the 

frill is the parietal.

The parietal of Arrhinoceratopsf utdhensis is repre-, 

sented by the posterior parts from three individuals, of 

which the paratype, U. S. Nat. Mus. 15875, is most 

complete. The other two were found in association with 

the type, but which of these pertains to that specimen 

is uncertain. All three have a portion of the left squamosal 

border preserved, as shown in plate 11. The squamoral 

border of the paratype, as preserved, measures 523 millimeters in length. None of the specimens shows the complete transverse width between the squamosal borders, 

but measurements made from the midline indicate a 

total width between parieto-squamosal sutures of abont 

1,200 millimeters; thus the complete frill would have the 

proportions of that of a large Triceratops. Both specimens 

found with the type have portions of the sutural border 

for the squamosal preserved, but both have comparatively 

smooth upper and lower surfaces, as contrasted with the 

longitudinal vascular sinuses that ornament at least one 

surface of the paratype.

The extreme thinness of the parietal is one of the outstanding characteristics of the Arrhinoceratops skull. 

In the present specimens, exclusive of the squamoiral 

borders, which have a greatest thickness of 24 millimeters, the maximum thickness of 18 millimeters is r,ttained about 40 millimeters anterior to the posterior 

border, and from that point forward the whole bo^e 

gradually thins toward the broken anterior edge, which 

in places is less than 3 millimeters thick. This extreme 

thinness of the incomplete anterior borders strongly 

suggests that they participated in the formation of the 

boundaries of the frill fontanelles. In fact, one small anterior projection on the parietal of U. S. Nat. Mus. 15583 

appears to have a finished edge. If correctly interpreted, 

it shows the posterior rim of the fontanelle to be 2?5 

millimeters anterior to the posterior margin of the frill.

In the original description of Arrhinoceratops brachyops, 

Parks 31 notes that "there is some evidence of sutures 

running back from the fontanelles to the posterior margin. 

Such sutures would indicate the existence of an interparietal bone." From these remarks it is evident that 

Parks observed an obscure condition in the type skull 

that is in accord with the features found hi one of the 

present specimens. The incomplete parietal that has be^n

» Parks, W. A., op. cit., p. 12, 1925.
44 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

provisionally assigned to the type (see pi. 12, fig. 1) differs 

from the others in having two longitudinal pseudosutural 

divisions on either side of the midline that converge slightly 

in an anterior direction. It was first thought these represented true sutural separations corresponding to those

noted by Parks in the type of Arrhinoceratops brachyops. 

The later discovery of similar divisional edge** separating 

longitudinally the two halves of a ceratopsian squamosal 

and the presence of a similar division on the right side of 

the midline of the parietal of U. S. Nat. Mus. 16572 that
REPTILIAN FAUNA OF THE NORTH HORN FORMATION OF CENTRAL UTAH 45

is divergent in an anterior direction seems to indicate 

these are not true sutures and thus denies the existence 

of a distinct element in this part of the ceratopsian frill.

The unusual and misleading character of these pseudosutural divisions of the parietal deserves a detailed description. These are not fractures of the bone, but are 

natural separations that run in a straight line. On the 

right side the posterior part of the lateral border presents 

a flat vertical face that in the grain of the bone has a 

striking similarity to the sutural surfaces between the 

hyo-hypoplastral bones in certain trionychid turtles. More 

anteriorly the upper half of the edge projects outward 

and overlaps a corresponding projection of the lower edge 

of the adjacent section, thus making a lap joint. On the 

opposite side of the median section of the parietal, this 

condition is reversed, the lower half of the border forming 

the projecting edge and thus underlapping the contiguous 

portion of the upper. There is no indication of these lines 

of separation in either of the other two parietals (U. S. 

Nat. Mus. .15583 and 15875). (See pi. 11.) From this 

evidence it would seem that a similar condition must have 

existed in the skull studied by Parks, which misled him 

into concluding that he was dealing with a true suture.

The complete transverse extent of this median section 

of the parietal measured between the lateral edges at the 

posterior border is 333 millimeters. The surfaces of this 

bone are smooth, except for a few vascular depressions 

on the ventral side. The median frill region of specimen 

U. S. Nat. Mus. 15875 has one surface, presumably the 

ventral, sculptured by deep vascular sinuses, the deeper 

ones having a longitudinal direction, as in Arrhinoceratops 

brachyops.

SUPRAORBITAL HORN

The right supraorbital horn core, coalesced with the 

postorbital and supraorbital bones, is preserved almost 

in its entirety, lacking only the tip, which was lost before 

interment. (See fig. 12.) This horn core is moderately 

stout, tapers, is compressed laterally, and is elliptical in 

cross section throughout the great part of its length, as 

in Torosaurus. It appears quite probable that some of 

this transverse flattening may be attributed to postmortem deformation. The horn core rises well forward 

above the orbit, is strongly inclined anteriorly, and differs 

from the brow horns of Arrhinoceratops brachyops in being 

only slightly inclined outward. The regular forward curve 

of the basal half of the horn core is reversed in the upper 

half, thus bringing about an upward tilt at the tip. The 

surface of the horn core is covered with the usual vascular 

impressions, and there is obscure indication of sulcation, 

extending downward for a short distance from the tip 

on the anterior side. The orbit lies under the anterior 

margin of the horn, as in Pentaceratops.

Comparative measurements of supraorbital horns in millimeters

Greatest length from upper median

rim of orbit to tip.

Greatest length measured along upper

convex margin.

Greatest length measured along lower

concave margin.

Girth at base... — _--- —— — -----

Type of

Arrhinoceratopsf

utahensis

(U. S. Nat.

Mus. 15583)

5101

570

485

495

Type of

Arrhinoceratops

brachyops

555

460

425-

SpecimetU. S. Ntrt.

Mus. 16169

710

760

655

612

l Estimated.

Specimen U. S. Nat. Mus. 16169, which is provisionally 

identified as pertaining to Arrhinoceratops? utahensis, is 

considerably larger than the type. It has the right supraorbital horn core preserved in almost its entirety (see pi. 

12) and the detached basal half of the left. The right 

horn is of the same slender, tapering form as that of the 

type, but it stands more erect, and is nearly 8 inctes 

longer. It differs further in having a distinct sulcus extending downward from the tip for more than half its length, 

the depth of which has been exaggerated by crushir*. 

Sulcated horns in the Ceratopsia are rare, and Lull 32 is 

of the opinion that their presence or absence is of little 

significance. However, the presence of sulcation in the 

brow horns of all the Arrhinoceratops specimens knovn 

at the present thne suggests a certain constancy in tHs 

genus that may have some meaning.

JUGAL

The right jugal is completely preserved, although it 

was found detached from the other skull elements. T 9 

precise agreement of the sutural borders with those of the 

lachrymal and postorbital leaves no doubt that it pertains 

to the same individual as the supraorbital horn core cV 

scribed above. In its more slender proportions, and especially the more restricted expansion of the proximal end, it 

differs markedly from the more robust jugal of Arrhinoceratops brachyops. In fact, the jugal of that species 

differs so much from those of other ceratopsians as to le^d 

one to wonder if its outline has been correctly interpreted. 

If correctly delimited, it furnishes important features 

for distinguishing Arrhinoceratops brachyops from the 

species here described.

The jugal under description has a truncated anterior 

process that joins the maxillary, contrasting with the 

long and tapering process in Arrhinoceratops brachyops. 

Likewise, the posterior process that joins the squamosal 

is much shorter and narrower. The greatest length of the 

present jugal from the orbital border to the distal end is 

373 millimeters, and its greatest width from the maxillary 

contact to the squamosal border is 355 millimeters. "F '•*. 

thickened orbital border contributes 65 millimeters to 

the inferior rim of the orbit.

« Lull, R. S., op. cit., p. 129, 1933.
46 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

QUADBATOJUGAL

Both quadratojugal bones of U. S. Nat. Mus. 15583 are 

preserved, but they are not quite complete. In articulated 

position the quadratojugal is imposed between, the lower 

internal side of the jugal and the lower outer side of the 

quadrate. A heavy, downwardly projected process articulates with the epijugal by rugose suture. The quadratojugal may have contributed to the formation of the lower 

border of the infratemporal fossa, as in Triceratops, but 

this feature cannot be positively determined, as, unfortunately, both quadratojugals are imperfect in this 

respect. In Monoclonius the quadratojugal does not 

participate.

LACHRYMAL

The lachrymal is triangular in outline, with a heavy 

expanded end that contributes to the anterior rim of the 

orbit. It is united closely with the upper border of the 

anterior branch of the jugal by a longitudinally grooved, 

sutural articulating border. The upper anterior border 

is deeply excavated, leaving a slender anterior process 

that extends between the jugal and nasal.

EPIJUGAL

The right epijugal was found detached, but its sutural 

contact with the jugal clearly indicates that it pertains to 

specimen U. S. Nat. Mus. 15583. In position it articulates on the lower outer extremity of the jugal, extending 

prominently outward, backward and downward. (See 

fig. 12.) Its outer end is bluntly pointed, upper surface 

shallowly concave, and ventral surface strongly convex. 

A triangular, cupped, articular end projects inward below 

the level of the jugal to meet a thickened, rounded projection from the quadratojugal. The outer surfaces are 

covered with the usual vascular markings. In shape and 

proportions the present bone has a close likeness to the 

epijugal of Arrhinoceratops brachyops.

QUADRATE

A right quadrate found in this same assemblage may 

quite certainly be assigned to the type, as indicated by 

the close articulation of the sutural surfaces with the 

quadratojugal and epijugal bones. The end of the quadrate 

that articulates with the lower jaw has a greatest transverse diameter of 115 millimeters, a greatest anteroposterior diameter of 41 millimeters, and a greatest 

length of about 355 millimeters.

EPOCCIPITALS

Thirteen detached epoccipital bones were found in this 

quarry, of which about half represent complete elements. 

Eight of these, although differing somewhat in size, are 

relatively large and closely resemble one another in shape.

Since these eight peripheral elements resemble the 

epoccipitals found attached to the squamosal of the type

and to the parietal of the paratype, it is, assumed that all 

pertain to Arrhinoceratopsf utahensis^ These elements are 

elongated and have a sharp outer edge and a raised median 

apex, as shown in plate 13, figures 1 to 5. Their external 

surfaces are ornamented with vascular impressions which 

suggest that in life they probably had a horny, skinlike 

covering. Their inner borders are hollowed out longitudinally to conform better to the rounded borders of the 

squamosal and parietal, along whose periphery they were 

arranged. With the epoccipitals in positior, the border 

of the frill must have had a scalloped form.

The five smaller epoccipitals are slender (see pi. 13, 

fig. 1), triangular in cross section, and lack the median 

apex. Their surfaces also lack vascular markings. Their 

position on the frill is not known at this tinn.

RELATIONSHIPS OF THE SPECIMENS

The incompleteness of the type materials r>nd especially 

the lack of critical parts has made it difficult to reach a 

satisfactory conclusion as to the true relationships of the 

specimen under discussion. As mentioned previously, the 

squamosal indicates the affinity of the species with the 

long-crested group of the Ceratopsia. The greater relative 

width of the posterior portion of the squamos"*! of Arrhinoceratops? utahensis distinguishes it from the corresponding 

element in Chasmosaurus, Pentaceratops, and Torosaurus, 

all of which have the posterior extremity of this bone 

narrow and tapering. In general outline and proportions 

the squamosal of Arrhinoceratopsf utahensis has its nearest 

counterpart in Triceratops, but the presence of fenestrae 

in the frill satisfactorily distinguishes them. That the 

affinities of the present form do not lie with the genus 

Anchiceratops is indicated not alone by differences in the 

form of the squamosal bones, but also by tH absence in 

the Utah specimen of the heavy epoccipital processes on 

the parietal that form such a prominent feature of the 

Edmonton genus. Meager though the evidence may be, 

this brief review appears to show that the specimen here 

discussed cannot be satisfactorily included in any of 

the above-mentioned genera. Of the known members of 

the long-crested Ceratopsia only Arrhinocerctops remains 

to be considered.

The presence in the Utah specimen of a flat quadrangular frill crest having an extremely thin parietal part perforated by fenestrae, and of well-developed, sulcated, 

supraorbital horns that curve strongly : forward are 

features held in common with the skull on which Parks 

established the genus Arrhinoceratops. Cb the other 

hand, important differences appear in the jugal bones of 

the two specimens. In fact, the jugal of the Parks specimen differs so decidedly from those of ceratopsians in 

general that I am led to believe he must have erred in delimiting it. If such an assumption proves to be true, the 

observed differences in outline and proportions of the 

jugals of the two species have no special sigrificance.
REPTILIAN FAUNA OF THE NORTH HORN FORMATION OF CENTRAL UTAH 47

In view of the above facts it is proposed to refer the 

North Horn ceratopsian provisionally to the genus 

Arrhinoceratops, as the species Arrhinoceratopsl utahensis, which may be distinguished from the genotype by

differences found in the brow horn cores. In this speiies 

these horns curve strongly forward but with slight outward inclination, while in Arrhinoceratops brachyops t\ey 

turn strongly outward.
48 SHOETEE CONTEIBUTIONS TO GENEEAL GEOLOGY, 1946

PART 3. REVIEW OF VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE NORTH HORN FORMATION

INTRODUCTION

A new locality for Mesozoic reptiles was made known 

through the discovery by E. M. Spieker in 1934 of 

fragments that could be identified as dinosaurian. This 

locality, in the vicinity of North Horn Mountain (see 

fig. 13), Manti National Forest, Emery County, Utah, 

was again visited in 1935 by Spieker and J. B. Reeside, 

Jr., who were successful in obtaining specimens that 

could be positively identified as pertaining to eeratopsian and hadrosaurian dinosaurs. These fossils definitely indicated the Upper Cretaceous age of the lower 

member of the sequence that Spieker has since named 

the North Horn formation.

In anticipation of opening up a new field for horned 

and other dinosaurian specimens and also in the hope of 

obtaining materials that would more accurately date 

the beds in which the fossils are found, the Smithsonian 

Institution in 1937 sent an expedition under my direction 

to investigate the area. The success of the first expedition brought about the organization in 1938, 1939, and 

1940 of field parties in the same area under the leadership 

of C. L. Gazin.

The localities near North Horn Mountain, where important specimens have been found by the field parties, 

are all clearly indicated on the geologic map. (See fig. 

13.) This map is based, with modifications, on Geological Survey topographic sheets, and was drawn by Dr. 

Gazin, through whose kindness it is presented herein.

Locality 3 in the Dragon Valley has been referred to 

as the "lizard locality,"33 because of the considerable

number of lizard specimens that have been found there. 

Dinosaurian specimens in this same area were found 

both above and below the lizard horizon, and a few 

characteristic caudal vertebrae of Alamosaurus were 

found at the same level. All the vertebrate specimens 

came from a large depressed block of Uppe~ Cretaceous 

sediments that had been dropped by the north-south 

faults traversing this area. The precise relationship of 

this bone-bearing level to the fossil-bearing zone around 

North Horn Mountain has not been determined, but the 

presence of Alamosaurus remains in both strongly suggests that they are at about the same hvel in the 

formation.

The specimens found on the west side of North Horn 

Mountain were considered by Spieker from examination 

in the field to be at about the same level in tH formation 

as those from locality 1 on the southwest side.

With the exception of Champsosaurus and Crocodylus 

remains, which also may be found in the overlying 

Paleocene strata, all dinosaurian and other reptilian 

fossils found in this area have come from tl ? lower 850 

feet of the North Horn formation, which consists of 

variegated shales and sandstones that are conglomeratic 

in places. One fragmentary dinosaur specimen found 

in place a short distance from locality 1, l^it not collected, was of interest in being at the lowest level in 

the formation at which a vertebrate was found. This 

specimen was estimated to be less than 200 feet above 

the top of the Price River formation, which outcrops in 

this section.

PAUNAL LIST

A study of the fossil materials accumulated by these list of the fauna of the Ojo Alamo sandstone is placed 

four expeditions has resulted in the establishment of beside it. 

the faunal list given below. For ready comparison a

Fauna of the North Horn formation 

Dinosauria:

Alamosaurus sanjuanensis Gilmore.

Arrhinosaurus? utahensis Gilmore.

Ceratopsian, gen. and sp. indet.

Hadrosaurian (large).

Hadrosaurian (small).

Deinodont (large).

Deinodont (small). 

Sauria:

Polyglyphanodon sternbergi Gilmore.

Paraglyphanodon utahensis Gilmore. 

Rhynchocephalia:

Champsosaurus sp. 

Crocodilia:

Crocodylus sp. 

Chelonia:

Basilemys sp.

Adocus sp.

Compsemys sp.

Aspideretes sp. 

Pisces:

Lepisosteus sp.

Fauna of the Ojo Alamo sandstone 

Dinosauria:

Alamosaurus sanjuanensis Gilmore.

Monodonius sp.

Kritosaurus navajovius Brown.

Deinodont?

Armored dinosaur. 

Sauria:

None known. 

Rhynchocephalia:

None known. 

Crocodilia:

Crocodylus sp. 

Chelonia:

Basilemys'nobilis Hay.

Adocus vigoratus Hay.

Compsemys sp.

Aspideretes vorax Hay.

Aspideretes fontanus Hay.

Aspideretes austerus Hay.

Thescelus rapiens Hay. 

Pisces:

Lepisosteus sp.

88 Gazin, C. L., The mammalian fa«nas of the Paleocene of central Utah, vrith notes on the geology: U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 91, no. 3121, p. 7, fig. 1, 1941.
REPTILIAN FAUNA OF THE NORTH HORN FORMATION OF CTOTSAl* UTAH

ufis' R.6 E.

Contour interval 250 feet 

Datum is mean sea level

FIQUHB 13.—Geologic map of the region around North Horn Mountain, Emery County, Utah, showing localities where specimens were found: (1) Alamosaurus fan 

juanensis, skeleton (U. S. Nat. Mus. 15560); (2) Paleocene mammal locality; (3) lizard locality; (4) ceratopsian skull (U. S, Nat. Mus. 16169); (5) type of ArrMnoe. 

eratops? utahensis (U. S. Nat. Mus. 15583); (6) hadrosaurian femur locality; (7) eeratopsian (D. S. Nat. Mus. 16577). Map drawn by C. L. Gazin.

The fauna of the North Horn formation, as shown, 

consists almost entirely of reptiles. Five different orders 

are now recognized. Of these the Dinosauria are the 

most significant; they pertain to well-known groups 

whose geologic history is well understood, and they 

definitely indicate that the beds in which the fossils 

are found are of Upper Cretaceous age. Until recently 

the large sauropod, Alamosaunts sanjuanensis, had been 

found in association with horned dinosaurs (Ceratopsia), 

duck-billed dinosaurs (Hadrosauridae), and carnivorous

dinosaurs (Deinodontidae) only in the Ojo Alamo sar dstone of the San Juan Basin in New Mexico. This f <*- 

sociation strongly indicates the equivalence in .age of 

the North Horn formation and the Ojo Alamo sandstone, and the conclusion is further strengthened by tHe 

presence in both formations of four genera of turtles, a 

fish, and a crocodile. The fragmentary condition of the 

fish and the crocodile renders them of little importance 

individually, but collectively they are of value in sho^- 

ing the similarity of the faunas of'the two formations.
50 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GE0L0G1P,

Recent discoveries 84 made in the Big Bend of the Rio 

Grande, Tex., show the presence in that area, also, of 

sauropod dinosaurs In association with Upper Cretaceous Ceratopsia and Hadrosauridae.

In order to present as complete a picture of the North 

Horn fauna as available materials will permit, each of 

the known members is briefly reviewed below, and new 

information resulting from the latest collecting is incorporated. In addition to the recognized genera and 

species there are a few fragmentary specimens identifiable only as to order or family, and these are briefly 

discussed.

Class REPTILIA

Order DINOSAURIA

Suborder SAUROPODA Marsh

Family TITANOSAURIDAE Lydekker

The large sauropod Alamosaurus sanjuanensis Gilmore was fully discussed on pages 29 to 41, and it is 

only necessary herein to mention the finding of new 

materials. Two caudal centra found by the 1939 expedition at the lizard locality, S>£ sec. 17, T. 19 S., R. 6 E., 

in the South Dragon Valley, and from the same level as 

one of the specimens of. Polyglyphanodon, somewhat 

extend the - geographical range of Alamosaurus. The 

large size and the precocious character of these median 

caudal centra at once establish their identity as pertaining to the genus Alamosaurus.

A second specimen consisting of two very large thoracic 

ribs was collected from a small patch of badland exposures on the west side of the South Dragon Valley 

(NEM sec. 12, T. 19 S., R. 5 E.). These are certainly 

the ribs of a sauropod dinosaur, and hi all probability 

they record the occurrence of a third individual of Alamosaurus within this general area.

Suborder CERATOPSIA Marsh

In addition to the specimens of Arrhinoceratopsf 

that form the subject matter of part 2 of this paper, 

several other fragmentary ceratopsian specimens were 

collected by the 1937 and 1939 expeditions.

The most important of these is the palatal part of a 

skull (U. S. Nat. Mus. 16577) articulated with the incomplete maxillaries and distal portions of the jugals, 

epijugals, quadrates, and anterior portions of both 

squamosals. This specimen was found by G. F. Sternberg on the west side of North Horn, Mountain (SW 

yi Sec. 36, T. 18 S., R. 6 E.). Very large hornlike 

epijugals (see pi. 14, fig. 3), large coossified epoccipitals 

on the anterior border of the squamosal bones, and a 

more open squamosal-jugal notch appear to show its 

distinctness from Arrkinoceratops. The large size of 

the epijugals suggests relationship to Pentaceratops, a 

Kirtland genus that might be expected to occur here,

M Brown, Barnum, oral communication.

but lack of other diagnostic parts in the present specimen does not permit verification of this. The chief 

interest in the specimen lies in the fact thr.t it indicates 

the presence in the fauna of a second, as yet undetermined ceratopsian.

Intermingled with the bones of the typi* of Arrhinoceratops? utahensis were parts of the frill of an individuaT 

that may represent a third type of ceratopsian. These 

materials include a median portion of the frill crest, a 

considerable section of the median bar of the frill, and 

a portion of its anterior end showing the supratemporal 

fossa. No direct contacts between there three frill 

parts have been found, but their relative positions in 

the quarry were such as to suggest strongly that they 

belonged to one individual. Furthermore, the relative 

thickness of the broken ends, as well as tb°* contours of 

contiguous parts, are in complete harmonj* with such a 

conclusion. These detached parts, arranged in relative 

sequence, are illustrated hi plate 14, figures 1 and 2.

The crest portion shows a divisional partitioning of the 

parietal as in the type of Arrhinoceratops? utahensis. 

A pseudosutural edge on the right side of the parietal 

is the counterpart of those in the type of Arrhinoceratopsf utahensis, with the exception that it runs forward 

and outward. Thus, if the opposite sutural edge, which 

is missing, should have the same course, they would be 

divergent, whereas hi Arrhinoceratopsf utahensis they 

converge in an anterior direction. This crest portion 

thickens on the median line, and on the dci>^al side, 100 

millimeters anterior to the free margin, a low, rounded 

boss marks the midline. (See pi. 14, fig. 2.) In front 

of this boss the surface slopes downward en either side. 

The broken anterior end has a thickness of 25 millimeters. The under side is regularly concrve from side 

to side, the surface being marked by a few vascular 

impressions. The free border is slightly undulating 

and shallowly concave from side to side as contrasted 

with the convex border of the parietal of Arrhinoceratopsf 

utahensis. The undulations may be the coossified 

epoccipital bones.

The median, or bar, portion of the frill (pi. 14, fig. 4) 

measures 490 millimeters in length. Thn bone as a 

whole is roof-shaped, with a heavy, rounded median 

ridge. Viewed laterally, the crest of this ridge is undulating, owing to a series of longitudinal swellings arranged one in front of the other. The bone thins out 

away from the midline. On the right sich for a short 

space near midlength is what appears to be a finished 

edge. If this interpretation is correct, it would be a 

portion of the inner border of the right fenestra, and 

would indicate the median bar to have a width of approximately 226 millimeters between the fenestrae, thus 

resembling Arrhinoceratops and Torosaurw, rather than 

the very narrow bar of Chasmosaurus or Anchicerafops.
REPTILIAN FAtTNA OF THE NORTH HORN FORMATION XJTAH 51

The anterior end of the parietal has a rounded median 

ridge with steep lateral sides and a relative thickness 

of the bone that agree with the corresponding features 

of the anterior end of the median part described above 

and that give every indication that the two parts belong 

together. On the left side the outline of the supratemporal fossa is distinctly indicated.

These three frill parts, with some allowance for the 

missing connecting pieces, have a combined length from 

end to end of about 984 millimeters, thus indicating an 

individual having about the same frill proportions as 

the type of Arrhinoceratopsf ictahensis. The greater 

thickness of the frill portions, the concave medianposterior border, the rounded median boss on the dorsal 

surface are all features that show the probable distinctness of this specimen from Arrhinoceratops. The available materials are too meager for generic designation 

and furthermore there is the possibility that this type 

of development may pertain to the ceratopsian with the 

large epijugals, previously mentioned, of which at the 

present time there is no information regarding the frill.

In the collections there are six other individuals of 

the Ceratopsia, each represented by a single bone. 

These are a left humerus (U. S. Nat. Mus. 16168), a 

right pubis (U. S. Nat. Mus. 15665), a left pubis (U. S. 

Nat. Mus. 16576), a right dentary (U. S. Nat. Mus. 

16575), a left dentary (U. S. Nat. Mus: 16574), and 

the posterior half of an ilium. These bones are of no 

special significance, as genera in the Ceratopsia cannot 

be determined from any of them. They do permit the 

suggestion, however, that in this area ceratopsian dinosaurs ma3r have been more abundant than members of 

the Hadrosauridae, whereas in most other Upper Cretaceous faunas the latter usually predominate in number of 

specimens.

Family HADROSAURIDAE Cope

A complete right femur, U. S. N. M. 16318, collected 

in 1939 from locality 7 (see fig. 13), is the only evidence 

obtained of the presence in this fauna of one of the 

larger representatives of the Hadrosauridae. In size it 

would be comparable to Kritosaurus or Parasaurolophus 

of the Ojo Alamo and Kirtland formations, respectively. 

This femur (see pi. 14, fig. 1) has a greatest length over 

all of 1,122 millimeters.

That a much smaller member of the HaHrosauridae 

exists in this fauna is indicated by an articulated ulna, 

radius and partial forefoot, U. S. N. M. 13808. In 

size it pertains to an animal smaller than Procheniosaurus. 

This specimen was collected in 1935 on the southwest 

spur of North Horn Mountain, only a few yards from 

the site of the partial skeleton of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis discovered hi 1937. (See fig. 13, loc. 1).

« Gilmore, C. W., New fossil lizards from the Upper Crelaceoua of Utah: 

Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 99, no. 16, pp. 1-2, 1940.

^Family DSDTODO&TIDAE Brown

: The presence of carnivorous dinosaurs in the North 

Horn formation is shows by the finding of several characteristic teeth, a large claw 'pertaining to the manus, 

and the distal half of a lateral :metatarsal. These T^ere 

not found in association, and H. is therefore assumed that 

each pertained to a separate 'individual. Although 

none of the parts is adequate fom generic determination, 

each is sufficiently diagnostic to indicate the occurrence 

here of a carnivorous dinosaur of the size of the Upper 

Cretaceous Gorgosaurus.

Order SAURIA 

Family POLYGLYPHANODONTIDAE Gilmore

Nearly complete and partially articulated skeletons of 

Polyglyphanodon sternbergi Gilmore enabled me to degcribe its skeletal anatomy. 86 Altogether, the remains of 

nearly 50 individuals of Polyglyphanodon have now I x ^en 

assembled, thus making it the best known of all North 

American lizards. These specimens came from one small 

area (S. % sec. 17, T. 19S., R. 6 E.) located in the central 

part of the South Dragon Valley and referred to in this 

paper as the lizard locality (fig. 13, loc, 3).

Since no fossil lizards are known in the Ojo Alamo or 

Kirtland formations at the present time, this new lizard 

has no significance for correlation.

FAMILY UNDETERMINED

The lizard Paraglyphanodon viahensis Gilmore also 

had been described. 36 It was based on a maxil^jcy 

bone found in association with specimens of Folyglyphanodon. A specimen, U. S. Nat. Mus. 16357, 

consisting of an anterior end of a right dentary containing six teeth, was collected by the 1939 expedition. 

These six teeth occupy a space 4 millimeters in length, 

and, as in the upper series, increase in size from front to 

back. The most anterior tooth is very small, and the 

tops of all appear to have been much worn, thus obscuring the details of their structure. Two specimens 

collected in 1940 have the skulls and a few vertel -ae 

preserved. All came from the lizard locality and f:-om 

practically the same geologic level. '

Order RHYNCHOCEPHALIA

The record of Champsosaurus in the North Horn 

formation rests upon the half of a vertebral centrum 

picked up on the surface on the south side of North 

Horn Mountain*. Since this aquatic reptile has a long 

geologic range it is of little significance for correlation.

Order CROC GDI LI A

A single characteristic vertebral centrum picked up 

on the surface shows that extinct Crocodilia were p^esent in this fauna.

i* Gilmore, C. W., op. cit., p. 3.
52 SHOBTEB CONTRIBUTIONS TO GBNEBAL <3JX>&QGY, 1946

Order CHELONIA

The turtles are represented by scattered .fragments 

that with one exception were found loose on the ground,

A fragmentary part of a carapace of Basilemys associated with a few limb and foot bones was found in 

place at the lizard locality in the South Dragon Valley. 

The characteristic sculpturing on the fragments of carapace permits recognition also of the presence of Adocus,

Compsemys, and Aspideretes. 

eat also in the Ojo Alamo,

All four, genera are presClass PISCES

A single bony lozenges-shaped scale of a ganoid fish 

from the North Horn formation is referred, according 

to the usual practice, to the genus Lepisosbms.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 5

CAUDAL VERTEBRAE 1 TO 6 OF ALAMOSAURUS SANJUANENSIS GILMORE (U. S. NAT. MUS, 15560), LATERAL VIEW.

About one-fifth natural size.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 6

10.

15 ^"^ 14 — 13

CAUDAL VERTEBRAE 7 TO 15 OF ALAMOSAURUS SANJUANENSIS GILMORE (U. S. NAT. MUS. 15560), LATERAL VIEW.

About one-fifth natural size.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 7

19

22

CAUDAL VERTEBRAE 16 TO 30 OF ALAMOSAURUS SANJUANENSIS GILMORE (U. S. NAT. MUS. 15560), LATERAL VIEW.

About one-fifth natural size.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 8

CAUDAL VERTEBRAE OF ALAMOSAURUS SANJUANENSIS GILMORE (U. S. NAT. MUS. 15560), ANTERIOR

About one-fifth natural size.

FIGURE 1. CAUDAL 1. FIGURE 6. CAUDAL 13.

2. CAUDAL 2. 7. CAUDAL 16.

3. CAUDAL 4. 8. CAUDAL 23.

4. CAUDAL 7. 9. CAUDAL 27.

5. CAUDAL 10. LO. CAUDAL 30.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 9

STERNAL PLATES OF ALAMOSAURVS SANJUANENSIS GILMORE (U. S. NAT. MUS. 15560), VENTRAL VIEW.

About one-seventh natural size.
GEOLOGICAL PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 10

FIGURE 1. LEFT SCAPULA OF ALAMOSAURUS SANJUANENSIS GILMORE, TYPE (U. S. NAT. MUS. 10486).

About one-seventh natural size.

FIGURE 2. RIGHT ISCHIUM OF ALAMOSAURUS SANJUANENSIS GILMORE, PARATYPE (U. S. NAT. MUS. 10487).

About one-tenth natural size.

FIGURE 3. CAUDAL CENTRUM OF ALAMOSA URUS SANJUANENSIS GILMORE (U. S. NAT. MUS. 15658), LATERAL VIEW.

About 0.42 natural size.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL, PAPER 210 PLATE 11

CREST PORTIONS OF THE FRILL OF ARRHINOCERATOPS? UTAHENSIS GILMORE, N. SP., VIEWED FROM THE TOP.

FIGURE 1. TYPE (U. S. NAT. MUS. 15583).

FIGURE 2. PARATYPE (U. S. NAT. MUS. 15875).

FIGURE 3. U. S. NAT. MUS. 16573.

All about one-fourth natural size.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPEE 210 PLATE 12

MEDIAN PORTION OF THE SKULL OF ARRH1NOCERATOPS? UTAHENSIS GILMORE, N. SP., (U. S. NAT. MUS. 16169).

About one-fifth natural size.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 13

EPOCCIPITAL BONES TENTATIVELY REFERRED TO ARRHINOCERATOPS? UTAHENSIS GILMORE, N. SP.

Natural size.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 14

FIGURE 1. RIGHT FEMUR OF HADROSAURIAN DINOSAUR (U. S. NAT. MUS. 16318), BACK VIEW.

About one-tenth natural size.

FIGURE 2. MEDIAN PORTION OF CERATOPSIAN PARIETAL (U. S. NAT. MUS. 16573), TOP VIEW.

About one-third natural size.

FIGURE 3. LEFT EPIJUGAL OF CERATOPSIAN SKULL (U. S. NAT. MUS. 16577), FRONT VIEW.

About two-fifths natural size.

FIGURE 4. CREST PORTION OF CERATOPSIAN PARIETAL (U. S. NAT. MUS. 16573), TOP VIEW.

About one-third natural size.
INDEX

Page

Adocus——————-................................................ 52

Aegyptosaurus—————————————————————————————————— 30

barharijensis———————————-—————————————————————— 37

Aepyosaurus———————————————————————————————————— 80

Alamosaurus, relationships of.—————————————————————————— 41

skeletal characteristics of, diagnosis of——————————————————— 30

Alamosaurus quarry, views of—————————————————————————— pis. 3, 4

Alamosaurus sanjuanensis, discovery of, importance of_____________ 29

forelimb of____———-————————————————————— 36-39, pi. 4, A

pectoral girdle of——___———————_——— 33-36, pis. 4, B, 9, 10

pelvic region of.———————————————————————————— 39-40.pl. 10

skeletal parts of———————————————————————— 30-40, 50, pis. 4-10

tail of _______________________________ 30-33, pis. 5-S, 10

Algosaurus- ———— —————— - —————————————————— ———————— 30

Anchioeratops—————————————————————————————————— 43,46,50

Antarctosaurus———.———————————————————————————————— 30,38

Apatosaurus_______—-————————————————— 31,32,34,36,37,39,41

excelsus. ——————— ————————————————————————————— 34

Argyosaurus-.—————————- ——— -————————————————————— 30

Arrhinoceratops___————————————————————— 42,43,45,46,47,50,51

brachyops_____————————————-—--——————— 43,44,45,46,47

utahensis___________——-———___— 42-47, 50-61, pla. 11-13

Aspideretes.————————————————————————————————————— 62

Barosaurus——————————————————————————————————•——— 34

Basilemys———————————————————————————————————— 52

Brachiosaurus———————————————————————————————— 32,34,39,41

brancai-—————————-- ————————————————— ———————— 39

Camarasaurus———————————————————————————————— 31,34,36,39 

lentus—___————————————————————————————————— 34 

Campyloden————————————————————————————————————— 30 

Ceratopsia———.—————————————————————-——— 42-47, 50-51, pL 14 

Ceratopsidae—————————:........................................ 42

Cetiosaurus oxoniensis. .—————————————————————————————— 36 

Champsosaurus- — _———————————————————————————————__ 48,61 

Chasmosaurus._—_————————_-_,—————————————————__ 43,46,50 

Chelonia———————————————————————————————————————— 48,52 

jCompsemys-—————————————————— —————————————— ———— 62 

Crocodilia—_———————————————————————————————————— 48,61 

Crocodylus.-___—————— ———————————————————————__ 48

Deinodontidae.___———————————_———————_-__________ 51 

Dinosauria.—___———————————————_______.—__ 48,49,50-51

Diplodocus——.———————————————————————— 31,32,33,34, 

Dragon Valley, lizard locality in______________________ 48,

Fauna, vertebrate, of North Horn formation, review of. 

Gorgosaurus————————————————————————.

Hadrosauridae.—. 

Haplocanthosaurus . 

Hypselosaurus. ....

36,41

50,61

48-52 

61

61

36

30

61

30,36

52

29

30

46

Ojo Alamo sandstone, fauna of_———————..___———______ 48,49,52

Kritosaurus-_______

Laplatasaurus———— 

Lepisosteus___—.. 

Lydekker, B., quoted.

Macrurosaurus. 

Monoclonius. _

Paraglyphanodon utahensis...__________ _______________

Parasaurolophus——————————————————————————______ 

Parks, W. A., quoted———————————————_....———..___________

Pentaceratops—___————————————_—_————___ 43,45

Polyglyphanodon——.

sternbergi————.

Polyglyphanodontidae.

Procheniosaurus—_—.

61

61

42

46,50

48,52

60,61

61

61

61

Reptilia. ———————— ————————————————————————— _____ 50-52 

Rhynchocephalia _ . _ ———————————— _ — _ —— . _________ 48,51

Sauna.. ————————————————————————————————————— 48,61 

Sauropoda ——————————————————————————————————— __ 50

Titanosauridae. _ ————————————————————— "_ ——— ____ 29-30,50

Titanosaurus —— _ ____ ——————————————— _. ——— ____ 30,32,36,38,41

australis ——————————————————————————————— 31,32,36,40,41

blandfordi ___ ———— _. —————— . ———— . —————— ________ 32

indicus---. _ ______ _ _-__ _ -_-___-_._.___._____. _ _ ________ _ . _ _ 32

Torosaurus _________________________ - ________ 43,45,46,50 

Trieeratops ————————————————————————————————————— __ 43,46

l. 6. OOVRRNMEIVr PRINTING OFFICE: 1948—695452



UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

J. A. Krug, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

W. E. Wrather, Director

Professional Paper 210-D

BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA

BY

JOSEPH A. CUSHMAN AND FRANCES L. PARKER

Shorter contributions to general geology, 1946

(Pages 55-160)

UNITED STATES

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON : 1947

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.

Price 15 cents
CONTENTS

Page

Abstract ................................................ 55

Introduction ............................................. 55

Acknowledgments ........................................ 55

Systematic descriptions ................................... 55

Family Buliminidae .................................. 55

Subfamily 1, Terebralininae ...................... 55

Genus TerebraJina Terquem, 1866. ............ 55

Subfamily 2, Turrilininae ........................ 56

Genus Turrilina, Andreae, 1884. ............... 56

Genus Buliminella Cushman, 1911............. 56

Genus Buliminoides Cushman, 1911. ........... 69

Genus Ungulatella Cushman, 1931............. 70

Genus Robcrtina D'Orbigny, 1846............. 71

Genus Pseudobulimina Earland, 1934.......... 76

Page

and

Systematic descriptions—Continued. 

Family Buliminidae—Continued.

Subfamily 3, Bulimininae ....................

Genus Bulimina D'Orbigny, 1826. ........

Subgenus Desinobulimitta Cvshman 

Parker, 1940 ..........................

Species originally referred to Bulimina but not 

here included ...............................

Genus Neobulimina . Cushman and Wickenden, 

1928 .......................................

Genus Globobnlvmina Cushman, 1927...........

Supplement ..............................................

Index ...................................................

128

130

132

133

137

157

ILLUSTRATIONS

PLATE 15.

16.

17.

18. 

19, 20.

Page

Terebralina, Turrilina, and Buliminella ...... 140

Buliminella .................................. 142

Buliminella, Buliminoides, and Ungulatella .... 144

Robertina and Pseudobulimina ................ 146

Bulimina ................................. 148, 150

Page

PLATE 21. Buliminia and Buliminella .................... 152

22-28. Bulimina ......... 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 166

29. Bulimina, Bulimina (Desmobulimini), Neobulimina, Globobulimina ........................ 168

30. Buliminella, Bulimina, Globobidimira ......... 170
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA

By JOSEPH A. CUSHMAN AND FRANCES L. PARKER

ABSTRACT

This paper describes and illustrates the species belonging to the 

genera of the first 3 subfamilies of the Family Buliminidae, the 

Terebralininae, Turrilininae, and Bulimininae except Entosolenia. 

In the Terebralininae the genus Terebralina includes 1 species. 

In the Turrilininae the genus Turrilina includes 2 species, Buliminella 49 species and varieties, Buliminoides 1 species, Ungulatella 

4 species, Robertina 19 species, and Pseudobulimina 3 species. In 

the Bulimininae the genus Bulimina includes 1% species and 

varieties, the subgenus Desinobulibn'ma 5 species; 97 other species 

assigned originally to Bulimina have been assigned to other genera 

or are indeterminate. Neobulimina includes 4 species, Globobulimina 9 species and varieties. Four species are new and one new 

name is proposed. Twenty-one species and varieties described 

since this work was completed are listed in a supplement.

INTRODUCTION

The genus Bulimina is represented by many species 

from the Jurassic to the present time. Other related 

genera, nine in number, forming the first three subfamilies of the Foraminiferal family Buliminidae, are also 

included here. The genus Entosolenia is not included, 

as without recourse to the actual types it is very difficult 

to place many of the species.

A study has been made of the older types, where available, and of other species topotype material has often 

been examined As a result a great majority of the described species has been studied from actual material. 

Original figures and descriptions are given for most of 

the other species for which actual material is not available. During the several years that this study has been 

carried on, numerous short papers have been published 

giving descriptions and figures of new species and varieties as well as notes on the older species. Most of the 

records for the genera and species will be found in the 

references. References in the literature that are without 

figures usually have not been included unless original 

material or material from the same area has been available.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Our thanks are due particularly to Miss Ann Shepard 

for her careful and accurate drawings of many of the 

species and redrawing of many of the types of the older 

species, the results of which appear in the accompanying 

plates; to Miss Anna Laura Dorsey for help in making 

up the plates and checking the manuscript; and to Miss

Alice E. Cushman for the typing of portions of the manrscript.

Our thanks are due also to Dr. John B. Reeside, Jr., 

Chief of the Section of Paleontology and Stratigraphy 

of the Geological Survey, for making possible the completion of this work as part of the regular work of the 

Survey.

We are indebted to many co-workers for sending us 

material from various regions. Mr. Bradford C. Adams 

sent us very fine series of Bulimina and related forrrs 

from the Tertiary of California. Material from Venezuela 

was received from Dr. Hollis Hedberg, from Trinidad 

from Mr. P. W. Jarvis and Dr. H. H. Renz, and from 

Cuba from Dr. Pedro J. Bermudez. Our thanks are due 

to Mr. Arthur Earland of England, Dr. A. Franke c* 

Germany, Mr. W. J. Parr of Australia, Dr. Shoshiro 

Hanzawa of Japan, and many others for valuable material 

yielding specimens of Bulimina and other related genera.

SYSTEMATIC .DESCRIPTIONS

Family BULIMINIDAE 

Subfamily 1. TEREBRALININAE

Test in an elongate, close spiral, not divided-into charrbers; all calcareous, perforate; aperture rounded, subterminal.

Genus TEREBRALINA Terquem, 1866

Terebralina Terquem, Sixieme memoire sur les foraminiferes du

Lias, p. 473, 1866.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 3, p. 

65, 1927; idem, Special Pub. 1, p. 243, 1928; idem, Speci?t 

Pub. 4, p. 216, 1933.

Genotype, Terebralina regularis Terquem.

Test consisting of a proloculum and elongate, undivided, 

tubular, second chamber in an elongate close spiral; wall 

calcareous, perforate; aperture rounded, terminal. Jurassic.

There is a single species known.

Terebralina regularis Terquem

Plate IS, figure 1

Terebralina regularis Terquem, Sixieme memoire sur les forarriniferes du Lias, p. 473, pi. 19, fig. 3, 1866. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 1, 

pi. 35, fig. 6; pi. 37, fig. 1, 1928; idem, Special Pub. 4, p1 

22, fig. 1, 1933; idem, Special Pub. 5, pi. 22, fig. I, 1933.

55
56 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Test elongate, a close spiral about the vertical axis, undivided into chambers, circular in transverse section; wall 

calcareous, perforate, smooth; aperture rounded, subterminal, the apertural end somewhat contracted and prolonged.

The types are from the Jurassic, lower Lias, "les Bossons (pres de Nohant, Indre)", France. It is recorded 

as very rare.

Subfamily 2. TURRILININAE

Test an elongate, close spiral, divided into chambers, 

usually more than three to a whorl, lines of the spiral very 

distinct.

Genus TURRILINA Andreae, 1884

Turrilina Andreae, Abh. geol. Specialkarte Elsass-Lothringen, vol.

2, pt. 3, p. 120, 1884. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram, Research Contr., vol. 3, p.

65, 1927; idem, Special Pub. 1, p. 246, 1928; idem, Special

Pub. 4, p. 217, 1933. 

Bulimina (part) of authors.

Genotype, Turrilina alsatlca Andreae.

Test an elongate, close spiral; chambers three or more 

in a whorl, spiral suture deep and continuous; wall calcareous, perforate; aperture at basal margin of chamber, 

broad, little if at all twisted. Jurassic? to Recent?

In this genus the spiral suture is very strongly -marked, 

more so than those between the chambers.

Certain species that have been placed in this genus 

evidently belong elsewhere. The species referred to by 

White and others as "Turrilina trochoides (Reuss)" 

(White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 46, pi. 5, fig. 4, 

1929) does not belong here. Sandidge has described and 

figured a species, "Turrilina angulata", from the Cretaceous (Am. Midland Nat., vol. 13, p. 198, pi. 19, figs. 7, 8, 

1932) which should not be included in this genus.

Turrilina alsatica Andreae

Plate 15, figure 3

Turrilina alsatica Andreae, Abh. geol. Specialkarte Elsass-Lothringen, vol. 2, pt. 3, p. 120, pi. 8, figs. 18, 19, 1884. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 5, 

pi. 27, figs. 3a-c, 1933.

Test small, 1% to 2 times as long as broad, rapidly 

tapering, greatest breadth formed by the last whorl, initial 

end subacute; chambers distinct, inflated, 3 to a whorl, 

increasing rapidly but uniformly in size as added; sutures 

distinct, the spiral suture very distinct and depressed; 

wall smooth; aperture low and broad, at the base of the 

apertural face, with a distinct margin. Length 0.20 to 

0.25 mm.; diameter 0.15 to 0.18 mm.

The types of this species are from the Oligocene of 

Alsace. We have specimens from Andreae's locality of

Lobsann and from other localities in the middle Oligocene 

of Germany.

Turrilina andreaei Cushman

Plate 15, figure 2

Turrilina, andreaei Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Special Pub. 5, pi. 27, figs. 2a, b, 1933. 

Bulimina acicula Andreae (not Costa, 1856), Ath. Specialkarte

Elsass-Lothringen, vol. 2, pt. 3, p. 277, pi. 12, fig. 13, 1884. 

Paalzow, Offenbacher Ver. Naturkunde Ber., 1912-24, p. 65,

pi. 1, fig. 6, 1912. 

Turrilina acicula Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 3, p. 67, pi. 14, fig. 2, 1927; Sec. sci. Seine-etOise Bull., ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 52, pi. 2, fig's. 5a, b, 1928;

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 4, pi. 22, fig.

2, 1933.

Test elongate, spiral, conical, 3 to 5 whorls in the adult, 

greatest width formed by the last whorl; chambers distinct, only slightly inflated, 5 or 6 in the adult whorl; 

sutures distinct, the spiral suture particularly so and 

more depressed than those between the cHmbers; wall 

smooth; aperture a high, arched opening Ft the base of 

the truncated or somewhat concave apertural face, with 

a slight lip. Length 0.25 to 0.40 mm., diameter 0.10 to 

0.15 mm.

This species is known from the Oligocene of AlsaceLorraine from the material described by Andreae, from 

the Mainz Basin recorded by Paalzow, and from Ormoy 

in France recorded by Cushman.

Genus BULIMINELLA Cushman, 1911

Buliminella Cushman, U. S. Nat., Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 2, p. 88, 1911; 

idem, Bull. 104, pt. 3, p. 108, 1922; Cushrmn Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 65, 1927; idem, Special 

Pub. 1, p. 246, 1928; idem, Special Pub. 4. p. 217, 1933.

Genotype Bulimina elegantissima d'Orbigny.

Test an elongate, close spiral, the spiral sMture distinct; 

chambers 3 or usually more in a 'whorl; wall calcareous, 

perforate; aperture elongate, loop-shaped, very slightly 

twisted. Cretaceous to Recent.

Species are numerous in this genus, the earliest of 

which appear in the Cretaceous. Most speces are smooth 

and the ornamentation, when it occurs, is re'atively simple 

in comparison with the ornate character of many species 

of Bulimina. As a rule the species are re'atively shortlived and make good index fossils.

Buliminella obtusa (D'Orbigny) Cushman and Parker

Plate 15, figure 4

Bulimina obtusa D'Orbigny, Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 1, vol.

4, p. 39, pi. 4, figs. 5, 6, 1840; Prodrome de Paleontologie,

vol. 2, p. 282, No. 1399, 1850. 

Buliminella obtusa Cushman and Parker, Cushrmn Lab. Foram.
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 57

Research Contr., vol. 10, p. 28, pi. 5, figs. 1 a, b, 1934; 

idem., vol. 12, p. 6, pi. 2, figs, la-c, 1936. 

• Brotzen, Sveriges geol. undersokning, ser. c, no. 396, p. 131, 

pi. 8, figs. 2a, b, 1936.

Test large, slightly tapering, almost twice as long as 

broad, consisting of 4 to 5 whorls; chambers 4 to a whorl, 

the last-formed chamber constituting slight, lobular projection; sutures flush with the surface, slightly limbate, 

appearing as somewhat darkened lines; wall smooth, polished, coarsely perforate; aperture loop-shaped, with a 

depressed area extending down from it along the suture 

bounding the apertural face. Length 0.71 mm., diameter 

0.42 mm.

This species was described from the Upper Cretaceous 

of Meudon and Sainte Germaine in the Paris Basin, and 

of England. We have specimens which may be referred 

to this species from Bougival, France.

It seems possible that this form may represent a variant 

of Buliminella laevis (Beissel), but lack of evidence makes 

it advisable to keep the two species separate for the 

present.

Buliminella imbricata (Reuss) Cushman and Parker

Plate 15, figure 5

Bulimina imbricata Reuss, Haidinger's naturwiss. Abh., vol. 4,

p. 22, pi. 3, fig. 7, 1851. 

Franke, Preuss geol. Landesanstalt Abh., n. ser., vol. Ill,

p. 159, pi. 14, fig. 20, 1928. 

Buliminella imbricata Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 10, p. 31, pi. 5, figs. 19a, b, 1934; idem.,

vol. 12, p. 6, pi. 2, figs. 2a-c, 1936.

Test small, somewhat tapering, usually twice as long 

as broad, with about 4 whorls; chambers 4 to a whorl; 

sutures distinct, dark, spiral suture slightly depressed; 

others flush with the surface; wall smooth, very .coarsely 

perforate, somewhat polished; aperture comma-shaped, 

almost at the apex of the apertural face, which is somewhat rounded. Length 0.18 to 0.28 mm., diameter 0.12 

to 0.16 mm.

The species was described from the Upper Cretaceous, 

Senonian, of Lemberg, Galicia. Our specimens from 

Lemberg are very much smaller than those described by 

Reuss. In other respects, however, they appear very 

similar and it seems best to refer them to this species. 

One of them is figured here. A few other specimens were 

found in the Senonian of Germany.

The form is broader and less tapering than Buliminella 

pusilla (Brotzen).

Buliminella laevis (Beissel) Cushman and Parker

Plate 15, figure 6

Bulimina laevis Beissel, Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., n. ser., 

vol. 3, p. 66, pi. 12, figs. 39-43, 1891.

Buliminella laevis Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 6, pi. 2, figs. 3a-c, 1936.

Brotzen, Sveriges geol. undersokning, ser. c, no. 465, p. 45, 

1945.

Bulimina elegans Heron-Alien and Earland (not D'Orbigny), 

Royal Micr. Soc. Jour., p. 409, pi. 6, fig. 11, 1910.

Bulimina ovulum Franke (not Reuss), Geol. pal. Instit. Univ. 

Greifswald Abh., vol. 6, p. 25, pi. 2, fig. 17, 1925; Preuss 

geol. Landesanstalt Abh., n. ser., vol. Ill, p. 157, pi. 14, 

fig. 14, 1928.

Test large, about 1% times as long as broad, consisting 

of 3 or more whorls; chambers 4 to a whorl, very slightly 

inflated; sutures slightly depressed, especially in the earlier 

whorls, giving the test an irregular appearance, usually 

flush with the surface in the last whorl; wall smootl, 

finely perforate, sometimes polished; aperture cornmrshaped, broad at the base, near the apex of the apertural 

face, in some specimens with a small depression extending 

down from it along the base of the last-formed chamber 

sometimes as far as the suture joining the second and 

third chambers; also in a few specimens a very short, 

depressed area extending up from the base of the aperture 

along the same suture. Length 0.54 to 0.91 mm., diamete'- 

0.42 to 0.48 mm. (The occasional dwarfed specimens 

which are found at some localities were not used in compiling these measurements).

The species was described from Friedrichsberg, near 

Aachen, Germany. It is common in the Upper Cretaceous, Senonian, of Europe and England. Various authors, 

including Reuss himself, in later papers have confused 

this form with Bulimina ovulum Reuss (Bulimina reussi 

Morrow), which is distinctly a Bulinuna. It is a large^ 

species than Buliminella cushmani Sandidge and differs 

from it in the shape of the aperture and the size and shape 

of the apertural face.

Buliminella pusilla (Brotzen) Cushman and Parker

Plate 15, figure 7; plate 21, figure 5

Bulimina pusilla Brotzen, Sveriges geol. undersokning, ser. c, no. 

396, p. 127, pi. 8, fig. 4; text fig. 44, 1936.

Test small, slender, slightly tapering, about 2*4 times 

as long as broad, consisting of 4 whorls; chambers 4 to 

a whorl, fairly distinct; sutures slightly depressed; wall 

smooth, coarsely perforate; aperture loop-shaped, near the 

apex of the test. Length 0.20 mm., diameter 0.09 mm.

The above description is given of a single syntype ct 

the species sent by Dr. Brotzen. It was originally described 

from the Upper Cretaceous, lower Senonian, of Eriksdal, 

Sweden. We have one other specimen similar to this 

form from Lubitsch, Czechoslovakia.

The species differs from Buliminella imbricata (Reuss) 

is being much more slender and more tapering, and in 

having the broadest part of the test near the apex.
58 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Buliminella carseyae Plummer

Plate 15, figure 8

Bulimina compressa Carsey (not Bailey, 1851), Texas Univ. Bull.

2612, p. 29, pi. 4, fig. 14, 1926. 

Buliminella carseyae Plummer, Texas Univ. Bull. 3101, p. 179,

pi. 8, fig. 9, 1931.

Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 340, 1932. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 12, p. 8, pi. 2, figs. 6a-c, 1936. 

Loetterle, Nebraska Geol. Survey Bull., 2d ser., Bull. 12, p. 37,

pi. 5, figs. 10a, b, June, 1937. 

Cole, Florida Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 16, p. 35 (list), pi. 4,

fig. 2, 1938. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20, p.

12, pi. 2, fig. 24; p. 93, pi. 14, fig. 10, 1944; U. S. Geol.

Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 119, pi. 50, figs. 17-20, 1946. 

Buliminella hofkeri Brotzen, Sveriges geol. undersokning, ser. c,

no. 396, vol. 30, no. 3, p. 129, pi. 8, fig. 3; text fig. 45, 1936.

Test ovate, about twice as long as broad, initial extremity bluntly 

pointed; chambers about four in each mature whorl, turgid, 

smooth; sutures distinctly depressed, disposed at a strong angle 

to the elongate axis of the test; aperture small, comma-shaped, 

in a strong depression on the septal face and overhung by a sharp 

projection of the apex of the last chamber and marked by a 

minute and very narrow apertural flap extending down the long 

side of the septal face. Length .39 mm.; diameter .22 mm.— 

Plummer.

The types of this species are from the Upper Cretaceous, upper part of the Taylor formation, on right bank 

of Onion Creek near bridge at Moore and Berry's Crossm' S> &l/2 miles in a straight line southeast of the capitol 

in Austin, Texas.

The species is found in the Upper Cretaceous Navarro 

group, and the Taylor and Austin formations of Texas. 

It occurs rarely in the Navarro but is very widespread 

and abundant in the Taylor. In the Austin the form is 

not so common and is usually smaller and somewhat 

shorter in proportion to its length than the typical form. 

We have specimens also from the Turonian and Senonian 

of Germany and from the Upper Cretaceous of Gravesend, England. These'forms have been referred by Brotzen to the new species Buliminella hofkeri. As they appear to us to be in every way identical with the American 

form, which Brotzen notes that he had no opportunity 

of seeing, his species is placed in the synonymy under 

Mrs. Plummer's.

The species is related to Bulitnmella laevis (Beissel) 

but is much smaller and shows much more inflation of 

the chambers.

Buliminella carseyae Plummer var. plana 

Cushman and Parker

Plate 15, figure 9

Buliminella carseyae Plummer var. plana Cushman and Parker, 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 8, pi. 2, 

figs. 7a-c, 1936.

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, Contr., vol. 17, p. 94, pi. 22,

figs. 26a-c, 1941. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, Contr., vol. 19, p. 65, pi. 11, fig. 20,

1943. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 120, pi. 50,

figs. 16, 21, 22, 1046.

Test small, about n/2 times as long as broad, consisting 

usually of 4 whorls, the last-formed whorl constituting 

at least half the test; chambers distinct, somewhat inflated; sutures distinct, depressed; wall smooth, perforate; aperture comma-shaped. Length 0.18 to 0.24 mm., 

diameter 0.10 to 0.15 mm.

This variety was described from the Upper Cretaceous 

Navarro formation on the San Antonio road, 6 miles east 

of Castroville, Bexar County, Texas. Our specimens are 

from the Navarro or formations of equivalent age in the 

Gulf Coast region of the United States and from the 

Upper Cretaceous of Columbia.

The variety differs from the typical form in the smaller 

size of the test and the lesser inflation of the chambers.

Buliminella cushmani Sandidge

Plate 15, figures 10, 11

Buliminella cushmani Sandidge, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 280,

pi. 42, figs. 18, 19, 1932. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 12, p. 8, 1936. 

Cole, Florida Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 16, p. *4 (list), pi. 2,

fig. 14, 1938. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 337,

pi. 53, fig. 5, 1944.

Applin and Jordan, idem, vol. 19, p. 132, 1945. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206 p. 119, pi. 50,

fig. 15, 1946.

Test medium, tapering, widest portion about % of 4he 

length from the initial end, usually consisting of 4 whorls; 

chambers distinct, 4 to a whorl, slightly irflated in the 

first 3 whorls; sutures distinct, spiral suture slightly depressed, others flush with the surface, usually darker in 

color than the rest of the test; wall smooth, finely perforate ; aperture loop-shaped, near apex of the apertural 

face, which is flaring and somewhat flattened. Specimens 

from the Upper Cretaceous Kemp clay on a branch of 

Mustang Creek, 1 mile west-southwest of Noack, 900 feet 

downstream from road, Williamson County, Texas. 

Length 0.34 to 0.50 mm., diameter 0.22 to C 24 mm.

The types of the species are from the Upper Cretaceous 

Ripley formation in an exposure at the mouth of Boguechitto Creek, Alabama. We have no topotype material, 

but there seems little doubt that our specimens may be 

referred to Sandidge's species. This species occurs in the 

Upper Cretaceous of the Gulf Coast area cf the United 

States in the Saratoga chalk, Corsicana marl, Kemp clay, 

Marlbrook marl, and Prairie Bluff formation. It occurs 

also in the Upper Senonian of Germany and France.
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA

Sandidge describes the species as very similar to Buliminella carseyae but differing from it in being smaller and 

more compact, with less inflated chambers and more gracefully curving sutures. It is also similar to Buliminella 

laev'is (Beissel), but is smaller, has a broader apertural 

face and a broader, less curved aperture.

Buliminella vitrea Cushman and Parker

Plate 15, figure 12

Buliminella vitrea Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 7, pi. 2, figs. 4a-c, 1936. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 119, pi. 50, 

fig. 14, 1946.

Test small, about ll/2 times as long as broad, slightly 

tapering, consisting of 3 to 4 whorls, the last-formed 

whorl constituting more than half the test; chambers distinct, slightly inflated; sutures distinct, depressed; wall 

partially transparent, coarsely perforate; aperture commashaped. Length 0.16 to 0.25 mm., diameter 0.08 to 0.15 

mm.

The species was described from the Upper Cretaceous 

Selma chalk at a locality 2 miles west of Guntown, Mississippi. It occurs in the Selma chalk of the eastern Gulf 

region and at one locality in the upper Austin of Texas.

The species resembles Buliminella inibricata (Reuss), 

but differs from.it in the more curving sutures, the greater inflation of the chambers, and the transparency of the 

test.

Buliminella fabilis Cushman and Parker

Plate 15, figure 13

Buliminella fabilis Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 7,«pl. 2, figs. 5a-c, 1936. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 119, pi. 50,

fig. 13, 1946. 

f Buliminella inibricata Cushman (not Reuss), idem, vol. 7, p. 42,

pi. 5, figs. lOa-c, 1931.

Test small, about twice as long as broad, tapering, consisting of 4 to 5 whorls, the last-formed whorl taking 

up about two-thirds of the test; chambers distinct, those 

in the last whorl very slightly inflated; sutures distinct, 

slightly depressed; wall smooth, perforate; aperture loopshaped, near apex of test. Length 0.16 to 0.20 mm., 

diameter 0.08 to 0.10 mm.

The species was described from the Upper Cretaceous, 

lower part of the Taylor formation, in the bank of small 

stream, 45 feet north of Hillsboro-Corsicana road, 14.2 

miles east of Hillsboro, Texas. It occurs in the Taylor, 

Austin, and Eagle Ford formations of Texas.

The form is very close to Buliminella pusllla Brotzen, 

but as we have only a single specimen of the latter, kindly 

sent by Dr. Brotzen, it seems best not to combine the two.

Buliminella colonensis Cushman and Hedberg

Plate 15, figures 14, 15

Buliminella colonensis Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lrb. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 6, p. 65, pi. 9, figs. 6, 7, 1930. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 120, pi. 50, 

figs. 23, 24, 1946.

Test medium, nearly as broad as long, at least in the 

microspheric form, initial end pointed, apertural end 

broadly rounded; chambers 5 or 6 in the last-formed 

whorl, elongate, rather uniformly increasing in size as 

added, very slightly inflated; sutures distinct, very slightly 

depressed; wall smooth; aperture broadly comma-shaped, 

the greatest breadth at the inner end of the aperture. 

Length up to 0.40 mm., diameter 0.35 mm. *

The types of the species are from the Upper Cretaceous 

Colon shale in the Department of Escuque, State of Trujillo, Venezuela. The species occurs also in the Upp~r 

Cretaceous Velasco shale and Mendez formation of 

Mexico.

The species is most closely related to Buliminella cushmam Sandidge but differs from it in having fewer whorls 

and in tapering more rapidly.

Buliminella fusiforma Jennings

Plate 30, figure 2

Buliminella fusiforma Jennings, Bull. Am, Paleontology, vol. 23,

no. 78, p. 30, pi. 3, fig. 18, 1936.

Test fusiform, initial end pointed, apertural end rounded; about 

three whorls to a test, the last forming 80 per cent of the test; 

four chambers to a whorl; sutures distinct, depressed, spiral sutrre 

much more strongly depressed than transverse; aperture virguline, 

in a depression in the septal face forming a strong angle with the 

axis of the test. Length 0.21-0.32 mm.; width, 0.18 mm.— 

Jennings.

This species was described from the Upper Cretaceous 

Navesink marl of New Jersey.

Buliminella irregularis (Terquem) Cushman and Parker

Plate 15, figure 16

Bulimina irregularis Terqu,em, Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 3,

vol. 2, p. 112, pi. 12(20), figs, la, b, 1882.

f Bulimina scalariformis Terquem, idem, p. 114, pi. 12(20), fig. 13. 

Buliminella irregularis Cushman and Parker (part), Cushman

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 13, p. 68, pi. 9, figs. 6r-c

(not figs. 7a-c), 1937. 

. van Bellen, Geol. Stichting Mededeelingen, ser. C-V, No. 4,

p. 45, pi. 4, fig. 11, 1946.

Test small, elongate, tapering from the initial end to 

the greatest breadth made by the last-formed whorl, abo-it 

3 times as long as broad, initial end with an acercre 

spine; chambers distinct, slightly inflated, almost 4 in the 

adult whorl, increasing very gradually in size as added; 

sutures distinct, slightly depressed, somewhat limbate;
60 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

wall smooth, except above the aperture, where there are 

numerous radiating lines or slight ridges running down 

into the apertural face; aperture very small, broadly loopshaped, at the inner margin of the apertural face, which 

is strongly depressed and has a rounded lip. Length of 

Terquem's specimen 0.37 mm., diameter 0.16 mm. Length 

of our specimen 0.35 mm., diameter 0.14 mm.

The species was described from the Eocene, Vaudancourt, Paris Basin, France. We have a single specimen 

from the sand of Chamery, in the Paris Basin..

This species may be distinguished by its tapering test, 

basal spine, and the depressed apertural face with 4he 

radiating ridges.

Buliminella turbinata (Terquem) Cushman and Parker

Plate 15, figures 18-21

Bulimina turbinata Terquem, Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 3,

vol. 2, p. 113, pi. 12(20), figs. 6, 7, 1882. 

Bulimina ovula Terquem (not D'Orbigny), idem, p. 113, pi.

12(20), fig. 5. 

Buliminella turbinata Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 13, p. 68, pi. 9, figs. 8a-c, 9a-c, 1937.

Test small, about twice as long as broad, somewhat 

fusiform, initial end subacute, last-formed whorl composing the greater part of the test; chambers distinct, 6 or 

7 to a whorl, elongate and narrow, slightly, if at all, inflated; sutures distinct, usually flush with the surface, 

slightly limbate; wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture 

loop-shaped, in a distinct depression on the apertural face, 

which is otherwise somewhat rounded and formed of 

clear shell material. Length of Terquem's specimens 0.50 

to 0.52 mm., diameter 0.24 to 0.30 mm. Length of our 

specimens 0.30 to 0.35 mm., diameter 0.10 to 0.15 mm.

Terquem records the species are rare in the Eocene at 

Vaudancourt, Paris Basin, France. We have specimens 

from several localities of the Calcaire grossier inferieur 

and lower Lutetian of the Paris Basin. A single specimen 

was found in the Oligocene Stampian at Lounandiere, 

France.

The last-formed whorl of this species composes a far 

greater proportion of the test than that of either Buliminella intorta (Terquem) or B. glomerata Cushman and 

Parker and the spiral suture is not depressed. The test 

is more tapering than that of the former species, and the 

chambers are somewhat narrower than those of the latter.

Buliminella flexa (Terquem) Cushman and Parker

Plate 16, figure 1

Bulimina flexa Terquem, Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 3, vol. 2, 

p. 115, pi. 12(20), fig. 15, 1882.

Test small, slender, slightly tapering, with a rounded 

initial end, consisting of 3 or 4 whorls; chambers distinct, 

4 to a whorl; sutures distinct, flush with the surface; wall

smooth, finely perforate; aperture small, loop-shaped, 

placed toward the top of the apertural face, which is 

formed of clear shell material. Length of figured specimen 0.30 mm., diameter 0.13 mm.

The species was described from the Eocene Septeuil, 

Paris Basin, France. We have specimens from several 

localities in the Paris Basin.

This form has fewer chambers to the whorl than 

BulimineUa intorta (Terquem), and the spiral suture is 

not depressed.

Buliminella intorta (Terquem) Cushman and Parker

Plate 15, figure 17

Bulimina, intorta Terquem, Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 3, vol. 2,

p. 115, pi. 12(20), fig. 16, 1882. 

Bulimina pulchra Terquem (part), idem, p. 114, pi. 12(20),

fig. 10 (not figs. 8, 9, 11, 12). 

Buliminella irregularis Cushman and Parker (not Bulimina irregularis Terquem) (part), Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 13, p. 68, pi. 9, figs. 7a, b (not figs. 6a-c), 1937.

Test small, somewhat fusiform, consisting of about 3 

whorls; chambers distinct, 5 to a whorl, narrow; sutures 

distinct, spiral suture depressed, others flush with the 

surface, darker in color than the rest of the test; aperture 

small, loop-shaped, on the apertural face, wlich is rounded 

and does not extend down the side of the test. Length 

of figured specimen 0.25 mm., diameter 0.10-mm.

The species was described from the Eo~ene, Septeuil, 

Paris Basin, France. We have material frcm Chamery in 

the Paris Basin.

This form has narrower, more curving chambers than 

Buliminella flexa (Terquem), and the spiral suture is depressed.

•

Buliminella conulus (Terquem) Cushman and Parker

Plate 16, figure 2

Bulimina conulus Terquem, Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 3,

vol. 2, p. 116, pi. 12(20), fig. 17, 1882.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram Research Contr., 

vol. 13, p. 73, 1937.

Test- conical, pyramidal, rounded at the top, slender 

and obtuse at the bottom, straight on the sides, covered 

with very fine perforations arranged in vertical lines, 

formed of 5 whorls, not projecting, with transverse 

sutures, the first very close, the last widely separated; 

chambers smooth, quadrangular, sutures linear, curved; 

aperture round, in an ovally pointed depression, surrounded by a thick border. Length 0.53 mm., diameter 

0.18 mm.

This description is a translation of Terauem's description of the species from the Eocene of Septeuil, Paris 

Basin, France. We have no typical material.
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIPERAL GENERA ei

Buliminella pupa (Terquem) Cushman and Parker

Plate 16, figure 3

Btilimina pupa Terquem, Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 3, vol. 2,

p. 116, pi. 12(20), figs. 18a, b, 1882. 

Bulimina striato-punctafa Terquem, idem, p. 116, pi. 12(20),

fig. 19. 

Buliminella striato-punctata Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 13, p. 69, pi. 10, figs. 3a-c,

1937.

Test small, elongate, 2y2 to 3 times as long as broad, 

sides in the middle portion nearly straight and parallel, 

initial end subacute, apertural end somewhat truncate; 

chambers distinct, very slightly inflated, usually 3 to a 

whorl, with the final chambers somewhat offset from the 

others; sutures distinct, very slightly curved, very slightly 

depressed, usually dark in color; wall with rather coarse 

punctae arranged in longitudinal lines, the bottom part of 

the test, and sometimes more, ornamented by faint costae; 

aperture elongate, rounded, at the inner margin of the 

last-formed chamber in a distinct depression of the apertural face. Length 0.30 to 0.60 mm., diameter 0.12 to 

0.16 mm.

The types are from the Eocene at Vaudancourt, Paris 

Basin, France. The species occurs at several localities in 

the Paris Basin.

It seems probable that B. pupa and B. striato-punctata 

of Terquem should be combined, as specimens resembling 

the figures of both are found in the same species. The 

form may be differentiated from others by the punctate 

test and the faint striations or costae, which are sometimes barely visible unless viewed with cross lighting.

Buliminella semi-nuda (Terquem) Cushman and Parker

Plate 16, figures 4, 9

Bulimina semi-nuda Terquem, Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 3, 

vol. 2, p. 117, pi. 12(20), fig. 21, 1882.

Bulimina obliqua Terquem (not D'Orbigny), idem, p. 118, pi. 

12(20), fig. 23.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram Research Contr.,

vol. 13, p. 73, 1937. 

Bulimina terquemiana Heron-Alien and Earland, Royal Micr.

Soc. Jour., 1911, p. 314, pi. 9, figs. 13, 14. 

Buliminella semi-nuda Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 13, p. 70, pi. 10, figs. 4a-c,

5a-c, 1937. 

Buliminella terquemiana Cushman and Parker, idem, p. 71, pi. 10,

fig. 7.

Test of medium size, about l^ times as long as broad, 

initial end acute, often with a short, stout spine, greatest 

breadth at about the middle, rapidly tapering, the lastformed whorl constituting the greater part of the test; 

chambers indistinct, 6 to 8 in the adult whorl, increasing 

very gradually in size as added; sutures indistinct, narrow, 

usually not depressed except for the spiral suture; wall

ornamented by numerous, irregular, longitudinal costae 

which often fade out and become almost untraceatle 

in the upper portion of the test; aperture rounded, in a 

distinct depression of the inner margin of the broad';T 

flaring apertural face, which is ornamented with fine, 

radiating ridges. Length of figured specimens 0.33 mm., 

0.45 mm.; diameter 0.20 mm., 0.27 mm.

The species was described from the Eocene at Septeuil, 

Paris Basin, France. It occurs at several localities in the 

middle Eocene of the Paris Basin, France. We have one 

specimen from the Ocala limestone, east bank of the Flint 

River, Mitchell County, Georgia The form described by 

Cushman as Buliminella elegantissima (D'Orbigny) VET. 

semi-nuda (Terquem) (U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 3, 

p. 108, pi. 23, fig. 5, 1922) is very similar except for the 

initial end, which is more rounded; it has well defined 

costae that extend to the top of the test and was recorded 

from the Recent material at Albatross sta. D2358 in the 

Caribbean. Bermudez records this same form from a 

Recent locality north of Cuba (Soc. cubana hist. nat. 

Mem., vol. 9, p. 193, 1935). Brady's species of the same 

name (Challenger Rept, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 403, pi. 50, 

figs. 23, 24, 1884) from the Indo- Pacific may represent 

this variant, although figure 23 pictures a smooth form 

that should possibly be referred to Buliminella madagcscariensis (D'Orbigny).

Bulimina terquemiana Heron-Alien and Earland, recorded as "fossil" from Selsey Bill, England, has be?n 

combined with this species, as a study of the Paris Ba?in 

specimens of B. semi-nuda in appropriate cross-lighting 

shows invariably that instead of extending only acrcss 

the bottom half of the test the costae are continuo-is 

throughout the test. The specimens of B. semi-nuda show 

a gradation from the faintly costate forms to those having well-developed costae that can be easily seen. Tv ? 

costae and the broadly flaring apertural face differentiate 

this species from others.

Buliminella pulchra (Terquem) Cushman and Parker

Plate 16, figures 5, 6

Bulimina pulchra Terquem (part), Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 3,

vol. 2, p. 114, pi. 12(20), figs. 8, 9, 11, 12 (not fig. 10),

1882. 

Buliminella pulchra Cushman and Parker (not Tolmachoff),

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 13, p. 69, pi.

10, figs. 1, 2, 1937.

Test small, about 2y2 times as long as broad, composed 

of 3 or 4 whorls, the last forming about two-thirds of the 

surface of the test; chambers distinct, slightly, if at all, 

inflated, 5 or 6 in the adult whorl, fewer in the earlier 

whorls, increasing very slightly in size as added; sutures 

distinct, spiral suture depressed, especially in the microspheric form, others usually flush with the surface; wall 

smooth, very finely perforate; aperture an elongate open-
62 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

ing, in a depression at the inner margin of the last-formed 

chamber, placed toward the upper part of the apertural 

face, which is narrow and extends well down the-side 

of the test Length 0.40 to 0.45 mm., diameter 0.18 to 

0.20 mm.

The species was described from the Eocene at Septeuil, 

Paris Basin, France. It is very common in the Paris 

Basin material. A single specimen was found in the 

Eocene from Kressenberg, Germany. It occurs also in 

the London clay at Barton, England.

The species differs from Buliminella intorta (Terquem) in having broader chambers and a longer apertural 

face that extends down the side of the test.

Buliminella alabamensis Cushman

Plate 16, figure 7

Buliminella alabamensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research .Contr., vol. 2, p. 32, pi. 4, figs. 8a, b, 1926; U. S., 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 181, p. 34, pi. 13, figs. 6a, b, 

1935.

Test small, ovate, broadest in front view slightly above the 

middle, initial end pointed, apertural end broadly rounded, somewhat obliquely truncated, whole test of 1^ to 2 coils; chambers 

fairly distinct, not inflated; sutures distinct but not depressed; 

apertural face with a very large open area somewhat broadening 

toward the base which reaches to at least the middle of the test; 

wall very thin and transparent. Length 0.22 mm.—Cushman.

The species was described from the upper Eocene at a 

locality a quarter of a mile west of Water Valley, Choctaw County, Alabama. It is not known elsewhere.

This species may be easily recognized by the peculiar 

opening in the apertural face.

Buliminella robertsi (Howe and Ellis) Martin

Plate 16, figure 8

Bulimina robertsi Howe and Ellis, in Howe, Louisiana Dept.

Cons. Geol. Bull. 14, p. 63, pi. 8, figs. 32, 33, 1939. 

Buliminella robertsi Martin, Stanford Univ. Publ., Univ. Sen,

Geol. Sci., vol. 3, no. 3, p. 9 (list), 1943. 

Cushman and Herrick, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 21, p. 64, pi. 10, fig. 15, 1945. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, Contr., vol. 21, p. 94, pi. 15, fig. 12,

1945. 

Bulimina guayabalensis Cushman and Thomas (not Cole), Jour.

Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 38, pi. 3, figs. 6a, b, 1930. 

Test very small, ovate in side view, subcircular in end view, 

composed of numerous short chambers which are coiled slightly 

more than three chambers to the whorl, wall thick, smooth; 

sutures only slightly depressed; aperture a low arched slit at the 

base of the last chamber.—Howe and Ellis.

Length of holotype 0.16 mm., diameter 0.11 mm.

The types are from the Eocene Cook Mountain formation, St. Maurice, Winn Parish, Louisiana. We have 

material from the Eocene Claiborne formation of Texas, 

and from the Atlantis cores 12-36 and 21-38 taken off 

the northeast coast of the United States. It has been

recorded from the Eocene Lodo formatior of California 

and McBean formation of Georgia.

The shape of the chambers, the number of chambers 

to a whorl, and the marked spiral suture are the characteristics which indicate that this species belongs in the 

genus BuUminella. It may be differentiated by its small, 

relatively round (in transverse section) test, and by the 

low, arched aperture.

Buliminella basistriata Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 16, figure 10

Buliminella basistriata Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 5, p. 11, pi. 2, figs. 17-19, 1929. 

Renz, Proc. 8th Amer. Sci. Congress, p. 541 (list), 1942.

Test small, somewhat fusiform, tapering from the greatest width near the apertural end; chambers distinct, 4 

to a whorl, slightly inflated; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall, except for the basal portion, smooth, finely 

perforate, basal portion with very fine striations; aperture 

large, in a small depression on the apertural face, which 

is small and rounded. Length 0.30 to 0.40 mm., diameter 

0.15 mm.

The types are from the Eocene Mount Moriah beds of 

Vistabella Quarry, Trinidad. Similar specimens are found 

in the lower Miocene of the Maracaibo Basin, Venezuela, 

and the Tertiary of Santa Elena, Ecuador.

This species is much smaller than Buliminella subfuslformis Cushman, the chambers are less inflated, and the 

last-formed whorl makes up a greater prcportion of the 

test.

Buliminella basistriata Cushman and Jarvis 

var. nuda Howe and Wallace

Plate 16, figure 11

Buliminella basistriata Cushman and Jarvis var. nuda Howe and 

Wallace, Louisiana Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull, 2, p. 60, pi. 11, 

fig. 4, 1932.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 16, 

p. 22, pi. 4, fig. 30, 1946.

Buliminella subfusiformis Ellisor (not Cushman), Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 17, pi. 3, fig. 1, 1933.

Variety differing from the typical in the. lack of ornamentation of the initial end.

The types are from the Eocene Jackfon formation, 

Danville Landing, Ouachita River, Catrhoula Parish, 

Louisiana. The variety occurs also in the Jackson group 

of Texas.

Buliminella grata Parker and Bermudez

Plate 16, figure 12

Buliminella grata Parker and Bermudez, Jour. Paleontology, vol.

11, p. 515, pi. 59, figs. 6a-c, 1937. 

Bermudez, Soc. cubana hist. nat. Mem., vol. 11, p. 342, 1937.
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA

Cushman and Siegfus, Cushman Lab. Foram Research Contr.,

vol. 15, p. 27, pi. 6, figs. 14a, b, 1939; San Diego Soc. Nat.

History Trans., vol. 9, no. 34, p. 411, pi. 16, figs. 37a, b,

1942. 

Cushman and Stainforth, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Special Pub. 14, p. 40, pi. 6, fig. 1, 1945.

Test of medium size, slightly longer than broad, tapering rapidly; consisting of 2 or 3 whorls; chambers 4 to a 

whorl; sutures distinct, broad, flush with the surface, 

usually incised to give a scalloped effect (especially noticeable when wet) ; wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture 

rounded, with small, narrow, radial depressions extending 

from it. Length 0.24 to 0.46 mm., diameter 0.18 to 

0.38 mm.

The types are from the Eocene at Loma Principe, cut 

between Calle F and Avenida de los Presidentes, 20 

meters west of Jose M. Gomez monument, Havana, Cuba. 

Besides the Eocene of Cuba the species occurs in the 

Eocene of California: in a small canyon, 50 feet stratigraphically above the top of a massive sandstone on the 

south slope of hill 2217 (Cholame quadrangle), about 

half a mile east of Tar Canyon, Kings County; and in 

the Kreyenhagen shale, Garza Creek, Fresno County. It 

also occurs in the Oligocene Cipero formation of Trinidad.

This species is much larger than Buliminella robertsi 

(Howe and Ellis) and has incised sutures.

Buliminella grata Parker and Bermudez 

var. spinosa Parker and Bermudez

•Plate 16, figure 13

Buliminella grata Parker and Bermudez var. spinosa Parker and 

Bermudez, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 11, p. 516, pi. 59, figs. 

7a-c, 1937.

Bermudez, Soc. cubana historia nat. Mem., vol. 11, p. 343, 

1937.

Variety differing from the typical form in its larger 

size and in the presence of short, thick, blunt spines in 

the lower part of the test, often covering the entire test 

of young specimens. Length 0.48 to 0.78 mm., diameter 

0.40 to 0.66 mm.

The types are from the Eocene, north side of Elevador 

in Norona, north of Guanajay, on railroad, Pinar del Rio 

Province, Cuba. It is not known elsewhere.

Buliminella westraliensis Parr

Plate 16, figures 14, 15

Buliminella westraliensis Parr, Royal Soc. West Australia Jour., 

vol. 24, p. 80, pi. 2, figs. 3, 4, 1937-38.

Test elongate, subcylindrical, more or less twisted in contour, 

initial end blunt, apertural end rounded; chambers numerous, 

long and narrow, added obliquely and arranged in a spiral series 

of about two and a half coils in the adult; sutures distinct, wall

smooth; aperture elongate and narrow, in a semi-circular depression just below the end of the test. Length up to 0.40 mr-; 

diameter 0.1 mm.—Parr. •

The types are from the Eocene, King's Park bore no. 1, 

755 feet, Perth, Western Australia. We have no typical 

material.

Buliminella obtusata Cushman

Plate 16, figures 16, 17

Buliminella obtusata Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 5, p. 42, pi. 7, figs. 8a, b, 1929. 

Cushman and Parker, idem, vol. 13, p. 39, pi. 4 figs. 8, 9a, b,

1937. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 22, p. 91, pi. 15, figs. 21, 22,

1946.

Test elongate, between 2 and 3 times as long as broad, 

usually not more than 2 whorls; chambers numerous, 7 

or more in the last whorl; sutures distinct, flush with the 

surface except for the spiral suture, which may be d Qpressed, somewhat limbate; aperture in a slight depression 

of the apertural face, which is large and concave, gradually depressed to its deepest at the aperture. Length ro 

to 0.46 mm., diameter up to 0.20 mm.

The types are from the Oligocene Byram marl, Byram, 

Mississippi. The species occurs in the Oligocene Vicksburg group and Red Bluff formation of Mississippi; in 

the Miocene, upper Burdigalian of France, and at Nus^- 

dorf in the Vienna Basin, Austria; and the Pliocene of 

Antwerp, Belgium.

This species differs from Buliminella elegantissima 

(D'Orbigny) in being less fusiform, with a more flarir? 

apertural face, and broader chambers.

Buliminella choctawensis Cushman and McGlamery

Plate 16, figures 18, 19

Buliminella choctavuensis Cushman and McGlamery, U. S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 189-D, p. 107, pi. 25, figs. 11, 16, 1938.

Test elongate, subcylindrical, of rather uniform diameter throughout, composed of about 3 whorls; chambers 

distinct, not inflated, 6 to 8 in the adult whorl, rather 

uniform in shape throughout; sutures distinct, the spiral 

suture sligh.tly depressed, the others flush with the su~- 

face; wall slightly roughened, rather coarsely perforate; 

aperture an arched, semicircular opening at the base of 

the apertural face, in the adult sometimes more elongate 

and terminal. Length 0.30 to 0.40 mm., diameter 0.08 to 

0.10 mm.

The species was described from the Oligocene limestone 2 or 3 feet above water level, Choctaw Bluff, Alabama River, Alabama. It is not known elsewhere.

This form may be differentiated by its very slender, 

elongate test, and the rather coarse perforations.
64 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Buliminella madagascariensis (D'Orbigny) var. spicata 

Cushman and Parker

Plate 16, figure 20

Bulimina elegantissvma D'Orbigny var. apiculata Chapman (not j 

Egger), Linnean Soc. London Jour., Zoology, vol. 30, p. 

31, pi. 4, fig. 77, 1907. 

Sidebottom, Royal Micr. Soc. Jour., 1918, p. 23, pi. 3, fig. 11.

Buliminella elegantissima (D'Orbigny) var. apiculata Cushman, 

Carnegie Inst., Washington Pub. 342, p. 25, 1924.

Buliminella apiculata -Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 5, p. 44, pi. 7, figs. 6, 7, 1929. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 13, p. 39, pi. 4, figs. lOa, b, 1937.

Buliminella madagascariensis (D'Orbigny) var. spicata Cushman 

and Parker, (in Cushman), U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 161, 

pt. 3, p. 8, pi. 3, figs. 5, 6, 1942.

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 2, p. 91, pi. 15, figs. 23, 24, 1946.

Variety differing from the typical form in its somewhat larger size, and in the presence of a stout, basal 

spine. Length 0.40 to 0.72 mm., diameter 0.24 to 0.38 mm.

The types are from the Oligocene, Grice's Creek, Balcombe Bay, Kackeraboite Creek, and Altoona Bay Coal 

Shaft, Victoria, Australia. We have typical material. The 

variety occurs also in the Oligocene Byram marl, Byram, 

Mississippi; in the Miocene and Recent of Australia; and 

in the Recent of the Fiji and Samoan Islands.

This variety has been given a new name because of the 

priority of Egger's Bulimina ovata D'Orbigny var. 

apiculata (1895).

There is a great variation in size. The Recent specimens are especially large and bear a close resemblance to 

Buliminella spinigera Cushman. They differ, however, 

in lacking the high polish of the latter, in having more 

numerous, more distinct' chambers, and a less regular 

shape.

Buliminella barbati Cushman and Simonson

Plate 30, figure 1

Buliminella barbati Cushman and Simonson, Jour. Paleontology, 

vol. 18, p. 197, pi. 32, figs. lOa-c, 1944.

Test fusiform, 2% to 3 times as long as broad, of. 3 to 4 whorls, 

greatest breadth usually at or below middle, initial end rounded, 

last whorl much constricted at apertural end; chambers distinct, 

little if at all inflated, about 5 to a whorl; sutures very slightly 

depressed; wall smooth; aperture broadly loop-shaped in an 

obliquely truncate apertural face. Length, 0.30-0.33 mm; diameter, 

0.15 mm.

This species differs from B. brevior Cushman in the more 

elongate form, larger number of whorls, rounded base, and more 

truncate apertural face.—Cushman and Simonson.

The types of this species are from the Oligocene Tumey 

formation of Fresno County, California.

Buliminella subfusiformis Cushman

Plate 16, figure 21

Buliminella subfusiformis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 33, pi. 5, fig. 12, 1925. 

Cushman, Stewart and Stewart, San Diego Soc. Nat. History

Trans., vol. 6, p. 64, pi. 4, figs. 8a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Laiming, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 106, pi.

11, figs. 14a, b, 1931. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 7, p. 8, pi. 1, fig. 29, 1931. 

Barbat and von Estorff, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 7, p. 171,

pi. 23, figs. 9a, b, 1933. 

Kleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of California, p. 251, pi. 9,

fig. 8; pi. 22, fig. S(?), Tulsa, 1938. 

LeRoy, Natuurk. tijdschr. Ned-Indie, vol. 99, pt. 6, p. 243,

pi. 5, figs. 16-18, 1939. 

Schenck and Childs, Stanford Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser. Geol.

Sci., vol. 3, no. 2,'p. 26 (list), 1942. 

LeRoy, Colorado School of Mines Quart., vol. 39, no. 3, p.

25, pi. 1, fig. 19, 1944. 

Weaver, Washington Univ. [Seattle] Pub. in Geology, vol. 6,

no. 1, p. 23 (list), 1944. 

Buliminella curia Cushman (not Cushman, 1925), Florida Geol.

Survey Bull. 4, p. 43, pi. 8, fig. 4, 1930. 

Cushman and Cahill, U. S. Geol. Survey Prcf. Paper 175-A,

p. 23, pi. 7, fig. 15, 1933.

Test elongate, fusiform, basal end poirted, apertural 

end somewhat rounded; chambers distinct, 4 in a whorl, 

inflated; sutures distinct, depressed, slightly curved; wall 

smooth, with medium sized perforations; aperture very 

small, in a depression of the apertural face which is small, 

rounded, and does not extend very far dovn the side of 

the test. Length up to 0.62 mm., diameter up to 0.20 mm.

The types are from the Miocene Monterey shale, sec. 

24, T. 28 S., R. 14 E., M.D.M., San Luis Obispo County, 

California.

Kleinpell records the species from the lower Zemorrian 

to the upper Mohnian in the Miocene of California. It 

occurs also in the Choctawhatchee, Shoal River, and Oak 

Grove formations of Florida, and in the Duplin marl of 

North Carolina. Le Roy records it from the Miocene of 

Central Sumatra.

Thi's species differs from Buliminella curta Cushman in 

being more fusiform, more elongate, and in having a 

much smaller, more terminal apertural fa°e. The adult 

test has more whorls and more inflated-chambers than B. 

bassendorfensis Cushman and Parker.

Buliminella curta Cushman

Plate 16, figure 22

Buliminella curta Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 33, pi. 5, fig. 13, 1925. 

Cushman and Laiming (part), Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5,

p. 106, pi. 11, fig. 16 (not fig. 15), 1931.

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 75, 

1932.
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 65

Cushman and LeRoy, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 12, p. 125,

pi. 22, figs. 17a-c, 1938. 

Kleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of California, p. 248, pi. 7,

fig. 3; pi. 15, fig. 4; pi. 16, fig. 8, Tulsa, 1938. 

Ellisor, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 24, pp.

439, 444 (lists), pi. 4, fig. 4, 1940. 

Weaver, Washington Univ. [Seattle] Pub. in Geology, vol. 6,

p. 23 (list), 1944.

Test tapering from the broadest part in the lastfor,med whorl, initial end pointed, apertural end broadly 

rounded, consisting of about 5 whorls; chambers distinct, 

inflated, about 4 to a whorl; sutures distinct, depressed; 

wall smooth, with medium sized perforations; aperture 

small, in a depression of the apertural face which is semrcircular extending somewhat down the side of the test. 

Length 0.45 to 0.50 mm., diameter 0.25 mm.

The types are from the Miocene Monterey shale, sec. 

24, T. 28 S., R. 14 E., M.D.M., San Luis Obispo County, 

California. Kleinpell records the species from the lower 

-Zemorrian to the lower Delmontian in the Miocene of 

California. It occurs also in the Chocawhatchee marl, 

Shoal River and Oak Grove formations of Florida and 

is recorded by Miss Ellisor from the Miocene in a well 

core, Baldwin County, Alabama. Very similar specimens 

were found in the Recent deposits at Guide sta. 20(24), 

Lat. 43° 05' N., Long. 125° 01' W., in 640 fathoms, and 

in the Pliocene of Castel Arquato, Italy.

This species very closely resembles Buliminella subfusiformis Cushman, possibly is a variation of that form, 

It is shorter, more tapering, and has a broader, longer 

apertural face.

Buliminella curta Cushman var. basispinata 

R. E. and K. C. Stewart

Plate 16, figure 23

Buliminella curta Cushman var. basispinata R. E. and K. C.

Stewart, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 63, pi. 8, fig. 6, 1930. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 14, p. 59, pi. 10, fig. 10, 1938. 

Buliminella inconstant (Egger), var. basispinata Coryell and

Mossman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 16, p. 243, pi. 36, fig. 46,

1942.

Variety differing from the typical form in its larger 

size and the presence of short, blunt spines on the initial 

portion of the test. Length 0.80 mm., diameter 0.30 mm.

The types are from the Pliocene, upper part of the 

Pico shales, Kalorama Canyon, Ventura County, California. The variety is found also in the Pliocene, Repetto 

Hills, Los Angeles, California, and in Canada de Aliso, 

Ventura County, California, in gray siltstone 5,320 feet 

stratigraphically above the base of the first Pico sandstone, 2.7 miles S. 78° E. of La Crosse Junction. We 

have specimens from the Recent material at Guide sta. 

20(24), Lat 43° 05' N., Long. 125° 01' W. It is also

recorded from the Pliocene Charco Azul formation of 

Panama.

Buliminella brevior Cushman

Plate 16, figure 24

Buliminella brevior Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 33, pi. 5, fig. 14, 1925.

Kleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of California, p. 247, pi. 12, 

fig. 10, Tulsa, 1938.

Hanna and Hertlein, State of Calif. Div. of Mines, B'.tll. 

118, fig. 67 [plate] fig. 22, 1941.

Test short, broad, fusiform, the last-formed whorl constituting about three-fourths of the test; chambers distinct, about 5 to a whorl, inflated; sutures distinct, depressed; wall smooth, with perforations of medium size; 

aperture in a depression of the apertural face that is 

narrow and extends down the side of the test. Length 

0.50 mm., diameter 0.30 mm.

The species was described from the Miocene Monterey 

shale, sec. 24, T. 28 S., R. 14 E., M.D.M., San Luis 

Obispo County, California. Kleinpell records it from the 

upper Zemorrian to the lower Delmontian of the Miocene 

of California.

This species is more fusiform than Buliminella curta 

Cushman, the chambers are more inflated, the last-formed 

whorl composes a far greater proportion of the test, and 

the apertural face is longer. The chambers are more inflated and the apertural face is much narrower than in 

B. madagascariensis D'Orbigny.

Buliminella californica Cushman

Plate 17, figure 1

Buliminella californica Cushman', Cushman Lab. Foram. Resea-ch

Contr., vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 33, pi. 5, fig. 15, 1925. 

Kleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of California, p. 247, Tulsa,

1938. 

Buliminella curta Cushman and Laiming (not Cushman) (part),

Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 106, pi. 11, fig. 15 (not fig.

16), 1931. 

Buliminella aff. B. californica Kleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of

California, p. 248, Tulsa, 1938.

Test elongate, narrow, slightly fusiform with almost 

parallel sides, initial end subacute, consisting of 5 or 6 

whorls; chambers distinct, about 4 to a whorl, very slightly inflated; sutures distinct, limbate, spiral suture somewhat depressed; wall smooth, with medium sized perfo~a-. 

tions; aperture in a depression near the top of the apertural face, which is otherwise rounded and small in si^e. 

Length 0.50 to 0.55 mm., diameter 0.15 mm.

The types are from the Miocene Monterey shale,, sec. 

24, T. 28 S., R. 14 E., M.D.M., San Luis Obispo County, 

California. Kleinpell records the species from the upper 

Luisian and lower Mohnian of the California Miocene.
66 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

It occurs also at Los Sauces Creek, Ventura County, California, in beds of Saucesian and upper Zemorrian age. 

We have specimens from one locality in the Eocene, 

Cantua Creek, Fresno County, California, 150 feet below 

the base of the Temblor formation.

This species has less inflated chambers and is more 

slender than Buliminella subfusiformis Cushman, and 

the sutures are more limbate.

Buliminella glomerata Cushman and Parker, n. name

Plate 17, figure 2

Buliminella pulchra TolmachofF (not Terquem), Carnegie Mus.

Ann., vol. 23, p. 305, pi. 40, fig. 28, 1934. 

Palmer, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 29, no. 115, p. 46, 1945.

Test regularly spiral, of three volutions, the last of which occupies about three-fourths of the whole height of the test. Sutures 

well marked between the last whorl and the previous one, rather 

indistinct in earlier stage. The final whorl has five or six chambers 

separated from each other by distinct sutures. Surface shining, 

smooth. Aperture elongate, slightly curved. Length about 0.3 mm., 

the greatest thickness about 0.2 mm.—Tolmachoff.

The type is from the Miocene on the Atrato River, 

Colombia, South America. We have no typical material. 

Mrs. Palmer has recently recorded it from the Miocene 

Bowden marl of Jamaica.

Tolmachoff relates this species to Buliminella turbinata 

(Terquem) saying that it differs from Terquem's first 

figure in having fewer chambers in the last whorl and from 

the second figure in being less slender. He says that the last 

whorl of his species is smaller than that of B. colonensis 

Cushman and Hedberg, but that the two have very much 

the same general shape.

As Terquem's "Bulimina pulchra" described in 1882 

is a Buliminella, a new name is here proposed for Tolmachoff's species.

Buliminella dubia Barbat and Johnson

Plate 17, figures 3, 4

Buliminella dubia Barbat and Johnson, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8,

p. 13, pi. 1, figs. 14, 15, 1934.

Kleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of California, p. 249, pi. 16, 

fig. 7, Tulsa, 1938.

Test spiral, consisting of about three and one-half -whorls, 

tapering or fusiform, greatest width near apertural end, initial end 

pointed, apertural end rounded, periphery slightly lobulate; chambers distinct, about four in a whorl, almost as broad as long, more 

or less inflated.; spiral suture not very distinct, other sutures wellmarked, slightly depressed; wall calcareous, smooth, very finely 

perforate; aperture comma-shaped, located in a depression of the 

last-formed chamber. Length 0.31 mm.; width 0.17 mm.

This species has fewer chambers than Buliminella curia, and 

the chambers are broader in proportion to their length.—Barbat 

and Johnson.

This species was described from the Miocene Reef 

Ridge shale, Leland Stanford Junior Univ. no. 696, Ohio

Oil Company well, Bearstate no. 23, Belridge field, Kern 

County, California, McKittrick quadrangle, fee. 30, T. 28 

S., R. 21 E., M.D.M., depth 2,266-2,286 fe-t. Kleinpell 

records it from the lower Mohnian to the lower Delmontian of the Miocene of California. We have no 

typical material. One specimen in our collection, from 

the Pliocene in the Canada de Aliso, Ventura County, 

California, in gray siltstone 3,200 feet stratigraphically 

above the base of the first Pico sandstone, 2.4 miles S. 

88° E. of La Crosse Junction, is probably referable 

to it.

This species is apparently much smaller than the others 

described from the Miocene of California.

Buliminella henryana Cushman and Klrmpell

Plate 17, figure 5

Buliminella henryana Cushman and Kleinpell, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 10, p. 4, pi. 1, figs, lla, b, 

1934.

Kleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of California, p. 250, pi. 20, 

figs. 8, 15, 16, Tulsa, 1938.

Test comparatively short, about twice as long as broad, the 

periphery somewhat lobulate; chambers distinct, four or five in 

the adult whorl, of rather uniform shape but incrersing gradually 

in size and length as added; sutures distinct, very slightly depressed, somewhat limbate, especially toward the uoper end; wall 

smooth, finely perforate; aperture an elongate, comma-shaped 

opening in a depression of the somewhat obliquely truncated 

apertural face. Length 0.40 mm.; breadth 0.20 r<m.—Cushman 

and Kleinpell.

The species was described from the Miocene Monterey 

shale, Henry Ranch, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo 

County, California. It is not known elsewhere. "

The authors describe this species as rese*nbling Buliminella calif ornica Cushman but having a shorter, stouter 

test, and more inflated chambers.

Buliminella bassendorfensis Cushman and Parker

Plate 17, figure 6

Buliminella'bassendorfensis Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 13, pp. 40, 53, pi. 4, figs. 

13a, b, 1937; idem, p. 53.

Test elongate, fusiform, 2^2 times as long as broad, 

consisting of about 5 whorls; chambers distinct, about 

4 to a whorl, somewhat inflated; sutures distinct, depressed, somewhat limbate; wall smooth, fine'y perforate; 

aperture at the top of the apertural face, which is small 

and rounded. Length 0.55 mm., diameter 0.20 mm.

The types are from the Miocene, south side of Alsea 

Bay, Lincoln County, Oregon (Loc. A. 198, see Schenck, 

Univ. California, Dept. Geol. Sci. Pub., Bull., vol. 18, no. 

1, p. 33, Nov. 30, 1928). The species is not known elsewhere.

This species is similar to Buliminella subfusiformis-
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA

Cushman but has longer, less inflated chambers. It is 

more fusiform, with more inflated chambers than B. 

californica Cushman.

Buliminella semihispida Kleinpell

Plate 17, figure 7

Buliminella semihispida Kleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of California, p. 250, pi. 20, figs. 8, 15, 16, Tulsa, 1938.

Test short, broad, composed of about two whorls, the lastformed whorl of many distinct chambers; sutures distinct, slightly 

depressed; wall finely perforate, lower half of test covered with 

numerous short, thick, blunt spines; aperture at base of slightly 

concave face of ultimate chamber. Length, 0.75 mm.; breadth, 

0.50 mm.—Kleinpell.

The species was described from the Miocene Monterey 

shale (sample N-49), near Naples, Santa Barbara County, 

California. We have no typical material.

Buliminella multicamera Cushman and Parker

Plate 17, figures 8, 9

Bttliminella multicamera Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. 

Foram Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 60, pi. 10, figs. 11, 12, 

1938.

Test elongate, about 2y2 times as long as broad, tapering, greatest width toward the apertural end which is 

truncate, initial end rounded; chambers numerous, very 

elongate, with a slight tendency toward becoming irregularly biserial, little, if at all, inflated; sutures distinct, limbate, not depressed; wall smooth, very finely perforate; 

aperture rounded, slightly elongate, in a rather deep depression in the center of the base of the apertural face 

which is somewhat flaring and extends well down the side 

of the test. Length 0.40 to 0.45 mm., diameter 0:15 to 

0.18 mm.

The types are from the Pliocene of Castel Arquato, 

Italy. We have specimens of Recent age from the Mediterranean off Port Said, from the Red Sea, and from 

Madagascar. They do not show the biserial chambers 

but are otherwise similar.

The species has narrower chambers than Buliminella 

madagascariensis (D'Orbigny), and is less fusiform, with 

a broader apertural face, than B. elegantissima (D'Orbigny).

Buliminella elegantissima (D'Orbigny) Cushman

Plate 17, figures 10-12

Bulimina elegantissima D'Orbigny, Voyage dans 1'Amerique

meridionale, vol. 5, pt. 5, Foraminiferes, p. 51, pi. 7, figs.

13, 14, 1839. 

Williamson, Recent Foraminifera of Great Britain, p. 64,

pi. 5, figs. 134, 135, 1858.

Schlumberger, Feuille jeunes nat, vol. 12, pi. 1, fig. 14, 1881. 

H. B. Brady, Challenger Rept, Zoology, vol. 9,' p. 402, pi. 50,

figs. 20-22, 1884.

Reade, Geol. Mag., dec. 4, vol. 7, pp. 100, 101 (lists), pi. 5,

fig. 6, 1900. 

Sidebottom, Manchester Lit. Philos. Soc. Mem. and Prcc.,

vol. 49, no. 5, p. 11, pi. 2, fig. 6, 1905. 

Bagg, U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 513, p. 38, pi. 9, figs. 8a-c,

1912. 

Heron-Alien and Earland, Discovery Repts., vol. 4, p. 3.H,

pi. 8, figs. 35-37, 1932. 

Buliminella elegantissima Cushman, U. S. "Nat. Mus. Proc., vol.

56, p. 606, 1919; idem, Bull. 100, vol. 4, p. 168, 1921; Curhman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 40, pi. 6,

figs. 5a, b, 1925. 

Cushman and Wickenden, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 75, art.

9, p. 8, pi. 3, figs. 12a, b, 1929. 

Cushman and Kellett, idem, vol. 75, art. 25, p. 6, pi. 3 figs.

1-3,1929. 

Cushman, Stewart and Stewart, San Diego Soc. Nat. History

Trans., vol. 6, p. 64, pi. 4, figs. 7a, b, 1930. 

Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 42, pi. 8, figs. 2,

3, 1930.

Cole, idem, Bull. 6, p. 39, pi. 2, fig. 8, 1931. 

Cushman and Parker, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 3,

p. 13, pi. 3, figs. 12, 13, 1931. 

Howe and Wallace, Louisiana Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 2, p.

.61, pi. 11, fig. 3, 1932.

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 75, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 4,

pi. 22, fig. 3, 1933; idem, Special Pub. 5, pi. 27, figs. 4a, b,

1933. 

Cushman and Cahill, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 175-A,

p. 23, pi. 7, figs. 13, 14, 1933. 

Barbat and Johnson, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 12, pi. 1,

figs. 12, 13, 1934.

Bermudez, Soc. cubana hist. nat. Mem., vol. 9, p. 193, 1935. 

Cushman, Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 47, p. 431, 1936. 

Chapman and Parr, Australasian Antarctic Exped., ser. C,

vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 79, 1937. 

Kleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of California, p. 249, pi. 16,

fig. 10, Tulsa, 1938. 

Cushman and Henbest, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 196-A,

pi. 9, fig. 20, 1940. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Cont*-.,

vol. 16, p. 21, 1940. 

Hanna and Hertlein, State of Calif., Div. of Mines Bull. 118,

p. 178, fig. 67 [plate], figs. 5-7, 1941. 

Macfadyen, Geol. Mag., vol. 79, p. 135, 1942. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 12,

p. 27, pi. 3, figs. 43, 44, 1944; idem, Contr., vol. 21, p. 7,

pi. 2, fig. 6, 1945. 

Buliminella cf. B. elegantissima Cushman and Ponton, Cushman

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 8, p. 67, pi. 8, figs. 20,

21, 1932. 

Cushman and McGlamery, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Pap?.r

189-D, p. 107, pi. 25, fig. 15, 1938. 

Palmer, Soc. cubana hist. nat. Mem., vol. 14, p. 294, 1940.

Test small, fusiform, consisting of 2 or 3 whorls, initial 

end bluntly pointed in the megalospheric form, much 

sharper in the microspheric; chambers distinct, 7 to 10 

in the final whorl, narrow, slightly inflated; sutures dis-
68 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

tinct, slightly depressed, somewhat curved; wall smooth, 

finely perforate; aperture -elongate, narrow, placed near 

the top of the apertural face, which is narrow, somewhat 

depressed, and flaring, extending well down the side 

of the test. Length of specimens from off Payta, Peru, 

0.23 to 0.40 mm./ diameter 0.13 to 0.18 mm.

The species was described from Recent material off 

Payta, Peru; Cobija in Bolivia; and off Valparaiso, 

Chile. It is a very widely ranging form, both vertically and 

horizontally. It is known from the Eocene Wilcox group 

of Alabama and Jackson group of Texas and Louisiana; 

the Oligocene Meson formation of Mexico, and Oligocene 

beds at Choctaw Bluff, Alabama; and the Miocene deposits of the Coastal Plain of the eastern United States. 

It was recorded by Kleinpell from the Whiterock Bluff 

shale (uppermost part at type locality), Monterey shale 

at the type locality, basal Margarita formation in San Luis 

Obispo County, and sample E92, Reliz Canyon, Monterey 

County, California. It is known from the Pliocene San 

Pedro formation and beds in Humboldt County, California; the Pliocene of Florida; Pleistocene beds in England and Florida; and the Recent seas along the east and 

west coasts of South America, Falkland Islands, Dry 

Tortugas, Antigua, British Isles, Mediterranean, Philippine Islands, and off British Columbia. It is also recorded 

from the late Tertiary of the Georges Bank canyons in 

the western Atlantic Ocean.

This species may be distinguished by its small, fusiform test and numerous, narrow chambers.

Buliminella elegantissima (D'Orbigny) Cushman 

var. cochlea Wiesner

Plate 17, figure 13

Buliminella elegantissima (D'Orbigny) .var. cochlea Wiesner, 

Deutsche Sitdpolar-Exped., vol. 20, Zoology, p. 124, pi. 19, 

fig. 237, 1929.

Wiesner describes this variety as having an open corkscrew type of coiling.

The types are from sta. 56, 385 meters, Lat. 66° 2' 

S., Long. 89° 38' W.

It seems very possible that this variety represents the 

microspheric form of Buliminella elegantissima (D'Orbigny) but as we have no specimens to verify this point 

the two forms have not been combined.

Buliminella elegans (D'Orbigny) Cushman and Parker

Plate 17, figure 14

Bulimina elegans D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat., vol. 7, p. 270, no.

10, Modeles, no. 9, 1826.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 14, p. 93, pi. 16, fig. 13, 1938.

The type of the species is from the Recent, Rimini, 

Italy. It probably belongs to the genus Buliminella, as a

model has the characteristic apertural face and spiral 

suture of that genus. The details are too indefinite, however, for any known material to be definitely referred 

to it.

Buliminella punctata (D'Orbigny) Cushman and Parker

Plate 17, figure 31

Bulimina punctata D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat., voU 7, p. 270, no.

11,1826. 

Fornasini, Accad. sci. 1st. Bologna Mem., ser. 5, vol. 9, p.

374, text fig. 6, 1901.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 14, p. 93, pi. 16, fig. 14, 1938.

The type is from the Recent, Rimini, Italy. We have 

no material referable to the species but it seems probable 

that it should be placed in this genus.

Buliminella madagascariensis (D'Orhigny) 

Cushman and Parker

Plate 17, figures 15-17

Bulimina madagascariensis D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat., vol. 7,

p. 270, no. 17, 1826. 

Fornasini, Accad. sci. 1st. Bologna Mem., ser. 6, vol. 5, p. 47,

pi. 1, figs. 13, 13a, 1908. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 14, p. 94, pi. 16, figs. 19, 20, 1938. 

fBulimiina elegantissima D'Orbigny var. fusiformis Sidebottom

(not Williamson), Royal Micr. Soc. Jour., 1918, p. 23, pi. 3,

figs. 8-10. 

Bulimina elegantissima Heron-Alien and Earland (not D'Orbigny),

Linnean Soc. London Jour., Zoology, vol. 35, p. 620, pi. 35,

figs. 23, 24, 1924. • 

Bulimina seminuda Heron-Alien and Earland (not Terquem),

Discovery Repts., vol. 4, p. 351, pi. 8, figs. 38-41, 1932. 

Buliminella apiculata (Chapman) var. hebetata Cushman and

Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 13,

p. 40, pi. 4, figs. 11, 12, 1937. '

Test composed of 2 or 3 whorls, small, tapering in the 

microspheric form, almost cylindrical in the megalospheric; chambers fairly numerous, 6 to 8 in the adult 

whorl, distinct; sutures distinct, somewhat limbate, flush 

with the surface; wall smooth, polished, finely perforate; 

aperture rounded, with a tooth-like process1 extending up 

over it, near the top of the apertural face, which is convex around the outside and depressed toward the aperture. 

Length of figured specimens 0.33 to 0.55 mm., diameter 

0.20 to 0.25 mm.

The type is from the Recent of Madagascar. The species 

occurs in the Oligocene of Australia, and in the Byram 

marl, Byram, Mississippi, and in the Recent seas near 

Australia, New Zealand, and Madagascar. One very 

similar specimen was found off the coast of Brazil. It 

has been recorded also from off the Falkland Islands.

It has been found that the Recent form-' are identical 

with the fossil forms, and for that reason D'Orbigny's
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA

name must be used. The species is very variable in shape, 

but the number of chambers to a whorl, their size, and 

shape all remain the same. The peculiar tooth-like projection over the aperture is an important characteristic. 

The chambers are broader than those of Buliminella 

obtusata Cushman, and the apertural face does not extend 

so far down the side of the test as in that species. The 

test is less fusiform than that of B. clegantiss'mia D'Orbigny, the apertural face is more flattened, and the chambers are broader.

Buliminella spinigera Cushman

Plate 17, figures 18, 19

Buliminella spinigera Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 3, 

p. 113, pi. 23, figs. 1-4, 1922.

Test large, fusiform, the initial end terminated by a 

long, stout spine, apertural end rounded; chambers indistinct, 6 or 7 in the adult whorl; sutures indistinct, 

flush with the surface, limbate; wall very smooth, highly 

polished, very finely perforate; aperture near the top of 

the broad, flat apertural face, with a flat plate-like tooth 

extending up over it. Length (including spine) 0.43 to 

0.80 mm., diameter 0.23 to 0.43 mm.

The types are from Albatross sta. D2677, in 478 

fathoms, off the coast of North Carolina. The species is 

known only from this locality and one other Albatross 

station in this region.

This species is somewhat larger than Buliminella madagascariensis (D'Orbigny) var. spicata Cushman and Parker, has less distinct, somewhat fewer chambers, and a 

much more highly polished wall.

Buliminella milletti Cushman

Plate 17, figures 20, 21

Buliminella milletti Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 9, p. 78, pi. 8, figs. 5, 6, 1933; U. S. Nat. Mus.

Bull. 161, pt. 3, p. 7, pi. 3, figs. 1-4, 1942.' 

Bulimina elegan'issima var. Sidebottom, Manchester Lit. Philos.

Soc. Mem. and Proc., vol. 49, no. 5, p. 11, pi. 2, figs. 7-12;

pi. 3, figs. 1, 2, 1905.

Test small, tapering, initial end bluntly rounded, increasing in diameter toward the apertural end, consisting 

of 2 or 3 whorls; chambers distinct, 4 or more making up 

the last whorl, slightly inflated; sutures distinct, flush 

with the surface or slightly depressed, especially the spiral 

suture, slightly limbate; wall smooth, very finely perforate; aperture a semi-elliptical opening at the base of the 

apertural face which is broadly rounded, with slight ridges 

running into the depressed area at the center. Length 

0.30 mm., diameter 0.15 to 0.20 mm.

The types are from Mokaujar Anchorage, Fiji. The 

species occurs at various localities in the Fiji Islands; 

Pago Pago Harbor, Samoa; Zanzibar; Montego Bay,

695464—17——2

Jamaica; the Dry Tortugas; and St. Johns, Antigua, 

It has been reported by Sidebottom from the Island of 

Delos.

The species is larger, more tapering, and has fewe~ 

whorls than Buliminella parallela Cushman and Parker.

Buliminella parallela Cushman and Parker

Plate 17, figure 22

Buliminella parallela Cushman and Parker, U. S. Nat Mus.

Proc., vol. 80, art. 3, p. 13, pi. 3, figs. 15a-c, 1931. 

Bermiidez, Soc. cubana hist. nat. Mem., vol. 9, p. 193, 1935. 

?Bulimina elegantissima D'Orbigny var. compressa Millett (net

Bailey), Royal Micr. Soc., Jour., 1900, p. 277, pi. 2, fig. 5. 

fBulimina elegantissima Millett (not D'Orbigny), idem, p. 27C,,

pi. 2, fig. 4.

Test elongate, slender, the sides usually nearly parallel 

for most of their length, both ends broadly rounded, 

nearly circular in transverse section, consisting of 3 'o<~ 

more whorls; chambers distinct, 5 or more in each whorf, 

not much, if at all, inflated; sutures distinct, the spiral 

suture somewhat irregularly crenulate, slightly limbate, 

flush with the surface; wall smooth, polished, very finely 

perforate; aperture rounded, with very slightly raised 

costae running in toward it on the surrounding depressed 

area of the apertural face, which is small and rounded. 

Length 0.25 mm., diameter 0.08 to 0.10 mm.

The types are from the Recent deposits off Ilha Paqueta, Rio de Janeiro Harbor, Brazil. The species occurs 

in the Recent seas near Dry Tortugas; St. Johns, Antigua ; off the north coast of Cuba; at two localities in Rio 

de Janeiro Harbor; and at one locality in the Falkland 

Islands. Millett's specimens from the Malay Archipelago 

are questionably placed here.

The species differs from Buliminella milletti Cushman 

in its more slender, parallel sided test, greater number of 

whorls, and smaller size.

Genus BULIMINOIDES Cushman, 1911

Buliminoides Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 2, p. 90r 

1911; Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 77, no. 4, p. 36, 1925; 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 65, 

.1927; idem, Special Pub. 1, p. 246, 1928; idem, Specie I 

Vub. 4, p. 217, 1933; U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 161, pt. 3, p. F, 

1942. 

Bulimina (part) of authors.

Genotype Bulimina williamsonlana H. B. Brady.

Test subcylindrical, elongate, spirally twisted; chambers 

in a spiral, several chambers in a whorl, largely obscured 

by the heavy longitudinal costae; wall calcareous, perforate; aperture terminal, central, circular, in a depression at the end of the test. Recent.

A single species is known, rather widely distributed 

in the Lido-Pacific and rare in the Gulf of Mexico , 

It is not known as a fossil.
70 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Buliminoides williamsoniana (H. B. Brady) Cushman

Plate 17, figures 23, 24

Bulimina williamsoniana H. B. Brady, Quart. Jour. Micr. Sci.,

vol. 21, p. 56, 1881; Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p.

408, pi. 51, figs. 16, 17, 1884.

Millett, Royal Micr. Soc. Jour., 1900, p. 279, pi. 2, fig. 8. 

Bagg, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 34, p. 136, 1908. 

Heron-Alien and Earland, Zool. Soc. London Trans., vol. 20,

p. 641, 1915; British Antarctic Exped., Zoology, vol. 6, p.

130,1922.

Buliminoides williamsoniana Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, 

pt. 2, p. 90, text fig. 144, 1911; Carnegie Inst. Washington 

Pub. 311, p. 31, pi. 3, fig. 7, 1922; U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 

104, pt. 3, p. 113, 1922; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Special Pub. 4, pi. 22, fig. 5, 1933; idem, Special Pub. 5,' 

pi. 27, figs. 6, 7, 1933.

Bermudez, Soc. cubana hist. nat. Mem., vol. 9, p. 194, 1935.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 16, p. 22, 1940.

• Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 161, pt. 3, p. 8, pi. 3, figs. 

7-9,1942.

Test elongate, subcylindrical, composed of numerous 

chambers which are not distinct when viewed from the 

surface; wall ornamented with longitudinal costae, usually 

somewhat spirally twisted, running from the initial end 

to the apertural face and across it to the aperture itself, 

making a radiate pattern; aperture small, circular, terminal, in the center of the depressed apertural face. Length 

up to 0.80 mm., diameter 0.18 to 0.22 mm.

This is mainly an Indo-Pacific species but occurs rarely 

in the western tropical Atlantic. Indo-Pacific records are 

as follows: From the Challenger stations given by Brady, 

"Port Stephens and Port Jackson, New South Wales, 

2-10 fathoms; off Levuka, Fiji, 12 fathoms; off the New 

Hebrides, 125 fathoms; Torres Strait, 155 fathoms; 

Humboldt Bay, Papua, 37 fathoms; Nares Harbor, Admiralty Islands, 17 fathoms." Millett records it from 

two localities in the Malay region, and Bagg from a single 

Albatross station, H4694, in 865 fathoms, and Cushman 

from H2922, in 268 fathoms, both off the Hawaiian 

Islands. Heron-Alien and Earland record it from the 

Kerimba Archipelago, off the eastern coast of Africa. 

Cushman records it from off Samoa in 9 to 50 fathoms. 

Heron-Alien and Earland record it also from "Spirits 

Bay, near North Cape, New Zealand, in 11-20 fathoms," 

and "7 miles E. of North Cape, New Zealand, in 70 

fathoms". We have a very typical specimen from Albatross sta. D5230, 118 fathoms, between Bohol and 

Leyte, Philippines.

In the Atlantic it,has been recorded by Cushman from 

off the Dry Tortugas, Florida, and by Bermudez from off 

the north coast of Cuba.

There are a number of other species that show this 

same general distribution in the Atlantic and Pacific.

Yabe and Asano have described a new species from the 

Pliocene of Java as Buliminoides bantamensis (Tohoku

Imp. Univ. Sci. Repts., 2d ser., Geol., vol. 19, p. 121, 

pi. 17, fig. 20, 1937) but no specimens have been available 

for comparison.

Genus UNGULATELLA Cushman, 1931

Ungulatella Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 

7, p. 81, 1931; idem, Special Pub. 4, p. 217, 1933; idem, 

Contr., vol. 10, p. 102, 1934.

Genotype, Ungulatella,pacifica Cushmair.

Test with the early portion conical and probably consisting of a series of spirally coiled chambers, later chambers uniserial, forming an elongate, subcylindrical test, 

or somewhat compressed toward the apertural end; wall 

calcareous, rather coarsely perforate; aperture a loopshaped opening in the flattened or som°what concave 

terminal face. Recent, Pacific.

This genus is probably derived from Buliminella or 

Buliminoides by the development of uniserial chambers 

in the adult stage. From what is known of the species it 

probably has developed in very recent times in the IndoPacific region. No fossil forms are known.

Ungulatella pacifica Cushman

Plate 17, figures 25, 26

Ungulatella pacifica Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 7, p. 82, pi. 10, figs. 11, 12, 1931; idem, Special 

Pub. 4, pi. 22, fig. 6, 1933; idem, Special Pub. 5, pi. 27, 

figs. 8a-c, 1933; idem, Contr., vol. 10, p. 102, pi. 13, figs. 

3, 4, 1934.

Test elongate, the early portion abruptly tapering, later 

portion in front view with the sides nearly parallel, in 

side view somewhat progressively compressed toward the 

apertural end; chambers in the adult uniserial, low and 

broad, becoming somewhat oblique in the apertural face, 

flattened or slightly concave; sutures distinct, very slightly limbate, flush with the surface; wall with numerous, 

comparatively large and distinct perforations except on 

the apertural face, which is smooth; aperture somewhat 

comma-shaped, at or near'the ventral side of the apertural 

face. Length 0.35 mm., diameter 0.12 to 0.14 mm., thickness at the apertural end 0.08 to 0.10 mm.

The types are from shallow water off the Island of 

Rangiroa in the south Pacific, where it is fairly common. 

The shape of the early portion and the aperture show that 

it is probably derived from the Buliminella group.

Ungulatella peregrina Cushman

Plate 17, figure 27

Ungulatella peregrina Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 10, p. 102, pi. 13, figs. Sa-c, 1934.

Test short and broad^ much compressed, initial end 

with a large, stout spine, remainder of test composed of 

a spirally coiled tube, the last 1 or 2 whorls tending to
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 71

show partial divisions into half coils, attached face much 

flattened and oblique, concave in the middle, with an outer 

flange-like rim; suture marked by a raised, sharp ridge, 

representing the peripheral flange at that stage; wall 

roughened on the outer side of the coils, very smooth and 

polished on the apertural face; aperture apparently opening on the open umbilical area. Length 0.20 mm., diameter 0.15 mm.

The types of this species are from off the Island of 

Rangiroa in the south Pacific, and it has not been recorded 

elsewhere. The species is small and scale-like, and with 

its prominent initial spine and raised ridges is easily 

distinguished.

Ungulatella conoides Cushman

Plate 17, figures 28, 29

Ungulatella conoides Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 10, p. 102, pi. 13, figs. 6, 7, 1934.

Test small, short and broad, conical, initial end pointed, 

with a large, stout, solid spine, greatest breadth of test at 

the apertural end which is somewhat expanded into a 

flaring lip or flange, sides of the test uneven in length, 

making the flattened, apertural end at a decided angle to 

the elongate axis; sutures mostly indistinct; wall very 

closely perforate, or even slightly papillate, the pores 

often partially arranged in lines, giving a peculiar ornate 

appearance to the surface; apertural face smooth and 

polished, slightly concave, especially in the middle, which 

has a circular depression; last-formed whorl often partially subdivided into two half coils. Length 0.15 mm., 

diameter 0.15 to 0.20 mm.

The types of this species are from off the Island of 

Rangiroa in the south Pacific. It has not been recorded 

elsewhere.

Ungulatella capistra Cushman

Plate 17, figure 30

Ungulatella capistra Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 10, p. 103, pi. 13, figs. 8a-c, 1934.

Test with the main portion a broad cone, but with a 

thin, high flange rising even above the initial end which 

is smooth and rounded, the coiled chamber seeming to 

be partially divided toward the end into portions half a 

coil in length, apertural face smooth, the central portion 

concave; wall coarsely perforate on the exterior of the 

sides. Length, including flange, 0.25 mm., diameter, including flange, 0.30 mm.

The types are from off the Island of Rangiroa in the 

south Pacific and the species has not been recorded elsewhere.

This is a very peculiar form with the flange very highly 

developed.

Genus ROBERTINA D'Orbigny, 1846

Robertina D'Orbigny, Foraminiferes fossiles du bassin tertiaire dc

Vienne, p. 202, 1846.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 3, p 

65, 1927; idem, Special Pub. 1, p. 246, 1928; idem, Special 

Pub. 4, p. 218, 1933.

Cushman and Parker, idem, Contr., vol. 12, p. 92, 1936. 

Glaessner, Studies in micropaleontology, vol. 1, fasc. 1, p. 23,

1937.

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 161, pt. 3, p. 9, 1942. 

Bulimina (part) of authors 

Cassidulina (part) of authors.

Genotype, Robertina^arctica D'Orbigny, 1846.

Test an elongate, close spiral, the spiral suture distinct; 

chambers several in each whorl, in microspheric youmr 

like Bulitninella, later forming a double series; wall calcareous, finely perforate; apertures 2 in number, the 

primary one elongate, loop-shaped, at basal margin of the 

chamber, extending into the apertural face, the secondary 

one at the basal margin extending between the last-formec* 

chambers of the upper and lower series, usually smaller 

than the primary one. Eocene to Recent.

The genus is variable, even within the limits of c 

species. The best criteria for establishing a species are 

the position and angle of the primary aperture, the number of chambers to a whorl, and their shape. The genur 

has developed along two main lines from the Eocene 

forms, one with few chambers, compact and close coilec* 

with more or less straight sides; the second with many 

chambers, and a more open coil, which is much more 

twisted.

This genus has been placed by Glaessner close to 

Ceratobitlimina in a new family Ceratobuliminidae. Itr 

early stages, however, are very similar to Buliminella anc1 

it seems to have developed from that genus. The primary 

opening, as described here, has been questioned by Glaessner, who describes it as a fold extending down to the 

previous chamber. A study of Robertina arctica D'Orbigny and other species, however, seems to show that this 

opening is a definite aperture into the chamber and that 

the species is related to Buliminella.

Robertina wilcoxensis Cushman and Ponton

Plate 18, figure 1

Robertina wilcoxensis Cushman and Ponton, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 8, p. 66, pi. 8, figs. 19a, b, 1932. 

Cushman and Parker, idem, Contr., vol. 12, p. 96, pi. 16, figs

I3a, b, 1936. 

Cushman and Garrett, idem, Contr., vol. 15, p. 82, pi. 14, fig.

16,1939. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, Contr., vol. 18, p. 36, pi. 6, figs.

22, 23, 1942. 

Cushman, idem, Contr., vol. 20, p. 42, pi. 7, fig. 9, 1944; Am

Jour. Sci., vol. 242, p. 11, pi. 1 fig. 17, 1944.
72 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Test about twice as long as broad, slightly compressed, 

fusiform, greatest breadth slightly above the middle, 

'initial end sharply pointed and evenly tapering, apertural 

end narrowed; chambers slightly inflated, about 5 pairs in 

the adult whorl, increasing rather rapidly but evenly in 

size as added; sutures slightly, if at all, depressed, very 

slightly limbate; wall smooth, very finely perforate; aperture narrow, running about one-third of the way across 

the apertural face, about in the vertical axis of the test, 

secondary aperture slight. Length 0.30 to 0.40 mm., diameter 0.15 to 0.18 mm.

The types of this species are from the Eocene Wilcox 

group in a railroad cut 1 mile north of Ozark, Alabama. 

It occurs also at Woods Bluff, Clarke County, Alabama, 

and in the Paleocene, Naheola formation of Alabama.

This species is smaller than Robertina angusta (Cushman) and is more pointed at the ends. It probably represents the ancestral form of that species. This form and 

R. ovlgera (Terquem) furnish the oldest records of the 

genus.

Robertina mcguirti Howe

Plate 18, figure 2

Robertina \mcguirti Howe, Louisiana Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 14, 

p. 82, pi. 8, figs. 23, 24, 1939.

Test elongate, narrow, apparently composed of about two 

whorls, but only a very small portion of the initial whorl visible; 

chambers numerous, distinct; sutures distinct, slightly limbate, in 

some views faintly depressed; wall smooth; aperture a high slit 

in a depression of the apertural face extending upward from the 

base of the chamber. Length 0.26 mm., breadth 0.11 mm.—Howe.

The types are from the Eocene Cook Mountain formation, left bank of Saline Bayou beneath the Louisiana 

and Arkansas Railroad bridge at St. Maurice, sec. 15, 

T. 9 N., R. 6 W., L.M., Winn Parish, Louisiana. We 

have no typical material.

Robertina plummerae Cushman and Parker

Plate 18, figure 3

Robertina plummerae Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 73, pi. 13, figs, la, b, 1938. 

Howe, Louisiana Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 14, p. 82, pi. 8, figs. 

43, 44, 1939.

Test almost 2y2 times as long as broad, greatest breadth 

at the middle, initial end subacute, apertural end tapering, rounded; chambers, 6 pairs in the final whorl, increasing ' gradually in size as added; sutures distinct, 

slightly depressed; wall smooth; aperture elliptical, short, 

supplementary aperture almost as large. Length 0.46 to 

0.66 mm., diameter 0.20 to 0.24 mm.

The types are from the Eocene Crockett formation 

of the Claiborne group, Shipp's Ford on the Colorado

River, 3% miles due east of Smithville, Bastrop County, 

Texas. Howe records it from the Eocene Cook Mountain 

formation in Louisiana.

This species differs from Robertina wilcoxensis Cushman and Ponton in being longer, more twisted, less ovate 

in shape, and in having a larger secondary aperture.

Robertina ovigera (Terquem) Cushman and Parker

Plate 18, figure 4

Bulvmina ovigera Terquem (part), Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 

3, vol. 2, p. 108, pi. 11(19), figs. 17, 20 (not figs. 18, 19), 

1882.

Robertina ovigera Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 98, pi. 16, figs. 15a, b, 1936.

Cushman and Todd, idem, Contr., vol. 21, p. 16, pi. 4, fig. 4, 

1945.

Test nearly twice as long as broad, freatest breadth 

toward the apertural end which is broadly rounded, 

initial end subacute, rapidly tapering; chambers somewhat 

inflated, about 5 pairs in the adult whorl, increasing rather 

rapidly but regularly in size as added; sutures distinct, 

slightly depressed; not limbate; wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture elongate, narrow, slightly curved, running less than halfway into the apertural face; supplementary aperture small, low. Length 0.29 to 0.34 mm., 

diameter 0.15 to 0.20 mm.

Terquem describes this species as rare in the Eocene 

calcaire grossier of the Paris Basin, at Vaudancourt and 

Septeuil. We have specimens from Grignon, Mouchy, 

Fontenay, and St. Felice in the Paris Basin.

This species is very variable, but the general characters 

seem to remain the same. It is smaller than the other 

known species.

Robertina washingtonensis Br«*.k

Plate 30, figures 3, 4

Robertina washingtonensis Beck, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 

604, pi. 107, figs. 17, 19, 24, 1943.

Test nearly three times as long as broad, initial end sharply 

pointed, evenly tapering, fusiform, greatest breadth slightly above 

middle; chambers slightly inflated; 5 pairs in ad :lt whorl, increasing in size as added; sutures moderately depressed; wall smooth, 

very finely perforate; aperture narrow, comma-shaped, extending 

about two-thirds of way across apertural face, slightly oblique to 

vertical axis of test, supplementary aperture indistinct. Length, 

0.57 mm.; breadth, 0.20 mm.

The general shape and chamber arrangemer*: of this species 

is similar to R. wilcoxensis Cushman and Ponton (1932, p. 66, 

pi. 8, figs. 19a, b) except that it is narrower. Its aperture, however, is more than twice as long, and is curved, and oblique to 

the long axis of the test.—Beck.

The types of this species are from the Eocene of 

Cowlitz River, -Lewis County, Washington.
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA

Robertina' germanica Cushman and Parker

Plate 18, figure 5

Robertina germanica Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 73, pi. 13, figs. 2a, b, 1938. 

Robertina angusta Cushman and Parker (not Cushman) (part),

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 96, 1936.

Test twice as long as broad, initial end bluntly pointed, 

apertural end flattened; chambers, 7 to 8 pairs in the 

final whorl, slowly increasing in size as added; sutures 

distinct, slightly limbate, not depressed; wall smooth; 

aperture narrow, elliptical, reaching about halfway into the 

apertural face, supplementary aperture deeply cut, narrow. Length 0,46 to 0.83 mm., diameter 0.22 to 0.40 

mm.

The types are from the lower Oligocene of Calbe, 

near Magdeburg, 'Germany. The species is found also in 

the lower Oligocene of Brundhorst, near Bunde and 

Weinkeine near Alzey, Mainz Basin, Germany.

This species resembles Robertina angusta (Cushman) 

but differs from it in its greater length in proportion to 

its breadth, more pointed initial end, and its slightly more 

twisted test.

Robertina angusta (Cushman) Cushman and Parker

Plate 18, figure 6

Buliminella subteres (H. B. Brady) var. angusta Cushman, U. S.

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 129-F, p. 127, pi. 29, figs. 8, 9,

1922; idem, Prof. Paper 133, p. 24, 1923. 

Howe, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 174 (list), 1928. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. S, p.

42, pi. 7, fig. 4, 1929. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 76, pi.

11, figs. 9a, b, 1932. 

Robertina angiAsta Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 96, pi. 16, figs, lla, b, 1936. 

Cushman and McGlamery, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper

197-B, p. 70, pi. S, fig. 15, 1942. 

Cushman and Frizzell, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 19, p. 85, pi. 14, fig. 15, 1943.

Test usually more than twice as long as broad, irregularly fusiform, initial end somewhat more pointed than the 

-apertural; chambers, about 7 pairs in the final whorl, 

increasing rather slowly in size as added, all of one series 

meeting in the median line on the ventral side; sutures 

distinct, limbate, not depressed; wall smooth; aperture 

elongate, elliptical, almost closed near the base, more open 

toward the inner end, which reaches more than halfway across the apertural face; supplementary aperture 

very small and low. Length 0.32 to 0.60 mm., diameter 

0.22 to 0.34 mm.

The types are from the Oligocene Mint Spring marl, 

Chickasawhay River, 114 miles southwest of Boice, Mississippi. The species also occurs in the Oligocene Red

Bluff clay, Byram marl, and Chickasawhay marl of Mississippi, and the Lincoln formation of Washington. Les" 

typical specimens occur in the Twiggs clay member of th/e 

Barnwell formation of Georgia. Specimens from the 

Miocene of Florida seem to be very close to this species1 .

As in the other early species, Robertina wilcoxensis, 

the aperture is broader than in most later species and 

the supplementary aperture relatively inconspicuous.

Robertina declivis (Reuss) Cushman and Parker

Plate 18, figure 7

Bulimina declivis Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber., vol. 48, 

pt. 1, p. 55, pi. 6, figs. 70a, b; pi. 7, fig. 71, 1863; idem 

vol. 62, pt. 1, p. 484, 1870 (Von Schlicht, Foram. Septarienthones Pietzpuhl, pi. 23, figs. 8-12, 1870).

Robertina declivis Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foranv

Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 94, pi. 16, figs. 5a, b, 1936. 

Beck, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 604, pi. 107, figs. 1, 7, 

25,1943.

Test somewhat longer than broad, broadly fusiform, 

initial end subacute, apertural end broadly rounded; 

chambers distinct, inflated, 4 to 5 pairs in the adult whorl, 

increasing rapidly in size as added; sutures distinct, depressed; wall smooth, polished; aperture elongate, dirtinctly curved, secondary aperture very distinct, often 

nearly as broad as the primary. Length 0.41 mm., diameter 0.22 mm.

The types are from the Oligocene Septarienthon of 

Offenbach, Germany. We have specimens from the middle 

Oligocene at Hermsdorf, near Berlin, Germany. Reurs 

also records this species from a few other German Ol: - 

gocene localities. It has been recently recorded from the 

Eocene of Cowlitz River, Lewis Co., Washington.

Robertina austriaca Reuss

Plate 18, figures 8, 22

Robertina austriaca Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien Denkschr., vol. 1, p. 

375, pi. 47, fig. 15, 1850.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Cont~., 

vol. 12, p. 94, pi. 16, figs. 2, 3, 1936.

Test broadly conical, only slightly longer than broad, 

not much compressed, expanding only slightly toward tf <? 

apertural end, initial end either very bluntly pointed or 

rounded; chambers slightly inflated, about 5 pairs in tl Q 

final whorl; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall very 

finely perforate, smooth; aperture elongate, slighfy 

curved, and obliquely placed at the base of the apertural 

face, with a secondary aperture at the basal margin. 

Length 0.46 to 0.55 mm., diameter 0.31 to 0.32 mm.

Reuss described this species from the'Miocene at Grinzing, near Vienna. We have specimens from the Miocene 

of Perchtoldsdorf and Baden, Vienna Basin, Austria.
74 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Robertina imperatrix (Karrer) Cushman and Parker

Plate 18, figures 9, 10

Bulimina imperatrix Karrer, Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber., vol. 

57, pt. 1, p. 176, pi. 4, fig. 11, 1868.

Robertina imperatrix Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 95, pi. 16, figs. 6, 7, 1936.

Glaessner, Studies in Micropaleontology, vol. 1, fasc. 3, p. 24, 

pi. 2, fig. 30, 1937.

Test longer than broad, fusiform, greatest breadth at 

about the middle, initial end acute, tapering, apertural end 

broadly rounded; chambers distinct, very slightly inflated, 

5 or 6 pairs in the last-formed whorl, increasing rapidly 

in size as added; sutures distinct, very slightly, if at all, 

depressed, strongly limbate; wall smooth, polished; aperture elongate, narrow, running at least halfway into the 

apertural face, secondary aperture distinct, elongate, nearly as broad as the primary. Length 0.41 to 0.60 mm., 

diameter 0.30 mm.

The types are from the Miocene of Kostej, in the Banat 

region of Hungary. The species is not known elsewhere.

Robertina californica Cushman and Parker

Plate 18, figure 11

Robertina californica Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 97, pi. 16, figs. 14a, b, 1936.

Test nearly twice as long as broad, initial end subacute, tapering, apertural end broadly rounded; chambers 

only slightly inflated, increasing gradually in size in the 

final whorl, which consists of 8 or more pairs, all the 

chambers of one series reaching the middle line on the 

ventral side; sutures strongly limbate, little, if at all, 

depressed; aperture very narrow, elongate, running more 

than halfway into the apertural face, little, if at all, 

curved; supplementary aperture elongate, low. Length 

0.32 to 0.64 mm., diameter 0.14 to 0.31 mm.

The types are from the Pliocene of Santa Barbara, 

California. The species occurs also in Pliocene material 

from Timms Point, San Pedro, California.

This species is related to, and probably the ancestral 

form of, Robertina charlottensis Cushman, differing from 

that species in the more regular form and outline, less 

twisted elongate axis, and less prominent spire.

Robertina arctica D'Orbigny

Plate 18, figure 12

Robertina arctica D'Orbigny, Foraminiferes fossiles du bassin 

tertiaire de Vienne, p. 203, pi. 21, figs. 37, 38, 1846.

Schlumberger, Feuille jeunes nat., vol. 12, pi. 2, fig. 2, 1881.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 1,

p. 246, pi. 35, figs. 13, 14, 1928; idem, Special Pub. 4, pi.

22, fig. 4, 1933; idem, Special Pub. 5, p1 . 27, figs. lOa, b,

1933. 

Earland, Discovery Repts., vol. 10, p. 123, pi. 5, figs. 52, 53,

1934. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 12, p. 93, pi. 16, figs, la, b, 1936.

Bulimina subteres Goes (not H. B. Brady), K. svenska. vetensk. 

akad. Handl., vol. 25, no. 9, p. 46, pi. 9, figs. 445-453, 1894.

Test in a loose spiral, generally conical, expanding 

toward the apertural end, initial end bluntly pointed; 

chambers arranged in a double series in each whorl, giving 

an alternating appearance to the dorsal side, numerous, 

as many as 12 to 15 in the final whorl in the adult; sutures 

distinct, usually not depressed; wall very finely perforate, 

smooth; aperture a straight or slightly curved, slit-like 

opening in the middle of the base of the apertural face, 

nearly at right angles to the line of the base of the chamber; secondary aperture distinct, but shorter than the 

primary. Length 0.44 to 0.56 mm., diameter 0.26 to 

0.28 mm.

D'Orbigny described this species from the Arctic, north 

of Siberia. The species is common in the collections 

made by Capt. R. A. Bartlett off northeast Greenland. 

Like certain other Arctic species this one seems to occur 

also in the Antarctic.

Robertina charlottensis (Cushman) Cushman

Plate 18, figure 14

Cassidulina charlottensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 41, pi. 6, figs. 6, 7, 1925; 

idem, Contr., vol. 1, pt. 3, p. 53, pi. 8, figs. 17, 18, 1925.

Robertina charlottensis Cushman, idem, Specirl Pub. 5, pi. 27,

figs. 9a, b, 1933.

Cushman and Parker, idem, Contr., vol. 12, p. 97, pi. 16, 

figs. 12a, b, 1936.

Test about twice as long as broad, strongly spiral, 

greatest breadth at about the middle, in front view one 

side nearly straight, the other strongly convex, initial end 

subacute, rapidly tapering, apertural end obliquely 

rounded, truncate; chambers slightly, if at all, inflated, 

increasing gradually and regularly in size as added, 9 

or more pairs in the final whorl, all those on one side 

reaching the median line on the ventrd side; sutures 

strongly limbate; aperture elongate, somewhat open, running halfway into the apertural face of the test, slightly 

curved; supplementary aperture elongate, low. Length 

nearly up to 1.00 mm., diameter 0.55 mm. 

• This species was described from Queen Charlotte 

Sound, in 20-25 fathoms.

It is evidently derived from Robertina californica 

Cushman and Parker and is a still more specialized 

species, with the whorls strongly marked. It also seems 

related to R. subteres (H. B. Brady) but is broader and 

larger, with more chambers to a whorl.
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 75

Robertina subcylindrica (H. B. Brady) Cushman and Parker

Plate 18, figure 13

Bulimina subcylindrica (H. B. Brady), Quart. Jour. Micr. Sci.,

vol. 21, p. 56, 1881; Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p.

404, pi. SO, figs. 16a, b, 1884.

Millett, Royal Micr. Soc. Jour., 1900, p. 277, pi. 2, fig. 6. 

Sidebottom, idem, 1918, p. 122, pi. 3, fig. 7. 

Robertina subcylindrica Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 95, pi. 16, figs. lOa, b,

1936. 

Chapman and Parr, Australasian Antarctic Exped., ser. C, vol.

1, pt. 2, p. 79, 1937.

Thalmann, Eclogae geol. H-elvetiae, vol. 30, p. 341, 1937. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 16, p. 22, 1940. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 161, pt. 3, p. 9, pi. 3, figs.

14a, b, 1942.

Test subcylindrical, broadly rounded at both ends, about 

4 pairs of chambers in the last-formed whorl, the chambers of the lower series much more elongate than those 

of the upper ones, somewhat inflated; sutures distinct, 

slightly depressed, somewhat limbate; wall smooth, thin, 

translucent; aperture comparatively short, narrow, nearly 

in the line of the elongate axis; supplementary aperture 

very inconspicuous. Length 0.50 mm., diameter 0.24 mm.

Brady's types of this species were from Challenger sta. 

120, off Pernambuco, Brazil. It has been recorded from 

the Indo-Pacific and Australian regions. We have a 

typical specimen from 98 fathoms, off the Big King, New 

Zealand, and one specimen from off the Philippines.

Robertina translucens Cushman and Parker

Plate 18, figure 15

Robertina translucens Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 99, pi. 16, figs. 8a, b, 1936.

Test somewhat longer than broad, rather regularly 

fusiform, greatest breadth at about the middle, initial 

end subacute, apertural end rounded; chambers distinct, 

very slightly inflated, about 4 pairs in the last-formed 

whorl, very rapidly increasing in size as added, the next 

to the last chamber in the apertural view pinched out from 

the median line by the preceding chamber of its series; 

sutures distinct, somewhat limbate, slightly if at all depressed; wall smooth, translucent; aperture elongate, distinctly curved, nearly in the elongate axis of the test, 

secondary aperture very small and inconspicuous. Length 

0.40 to 0.52 mm., diameter 0.20 to 0.25 mm.

The types are from Recent material from 1,000 fathoms, off southwest Ireland. The species occurs also southwestward to the eastern coast of the United States, and 

southward to Brazil.

This species differs from Robertina arctica D'Orbigny 

in the fewer chambers to the whorl, much more rounded

chambers, more strongly curved and less oblique aperture, and in the great extension of the chambers toward 

the base.

Robertina bradyi Cushman and Parker

Plate 18, figure 16

Robertina bradyi Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. -12, p. 99, pi. 16, figs. 9a, b, 1936. 

Thalmann, Eclogae geol. Helvetiae, vol. 30, p..341,. 1937. 

Bulimina subteres H. B. Brady (part), Challenger Rept. Zoology,

vol. 9, p. 403, pi. 50, fig. 18 (not fig. 17), 1884. 

Buliminella subteres Cushman (not H. B. Brady), U. S. Nat.

Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 2, p. 89, text fig. 142, 1911; U. S. Nat.

Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 3, p. 110, pi. 22, figs. 3-5, 1922. 

Buliminella subteres (H. B: Brady) var. Cushman, idem, p. 112,

pi. 22, fig. 6, 1922.

Test somewhat longer than broad, fusiform, initial end 

bluntly pointed, apertural end broadly rounded; chambers 

slightly inflated, 4 to 5 pairs in the last-formed whorl, 

increasing rapidly in size as added, the next to the last 

chamber in the series with the apertural chamber meeting the median line; sutures distinct, slightly depressed, 

strongly limbate; wall smooth, polished, fairly thick; 

aperture very elongate, open, only slightly curved in the 

median line of the axis, supplementary aperture short, 

fairly high. Length 0.35 to 0.50 mm., diameter 0.24 tc 

0.30 mm.

The types are from Recent material at Albatross sta. 

D2150, 382 fathoms, Caribbean Sea, Lat. 13° 34' 45" N.. 

Long. 81° 21' 10" W. The species ranges south to the 

coast of Brazil.

This species differs from Robertina arctica D'Orbigny 

in the fewer chambers, much broader form, more elongate 

and more open aperture. It differs from R. translucens 

Cushman and Parker in the apertural view, by the mucb 

shorter chambers, and in having the chamber before the 

apertural chamber meeting the median line instead of 

being pinched out.

Robertina oceanica Cushman and Parker, n.sp.

Plate 18, figure 18

Bulimina declivis H. B. Brady (not Reuss), Challenger Rept.,

Zoology, vol. 9, p. 404, pi. 50, figs. 19a, b, 1884. 

PEgger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss. Abh., cl. 2, vol. 18, p. 29C,

pi. 8, figs. 64, 65, 1893.

Sidebottom, Royal Micr. Soc. Jour., 1918, p. 122, pi. 3, fig?. 

4-6.

Test slightly longer than broad, very broadly fusiform, 

initial end subacute to rounded, apertural end broadly 

rounded; chambers distinct, much inflated, 3 to 4 pair? 

in the adult whorl, increasing very rapidly in size as 

added; Wall smooth, polished; aperture elongate, distinctly 

curved, narrow; secondary aperture very distinct, about
76 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

half as long as the primary. Length 0.70 to 0.80 mm., 

breadth 0.55 to 0.60 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 35847), from Recent 

material at 75 fathoms, off North Cape, New Zealand.

Brady's figured specimen is from a Challenger station 

off the Ki Islands in the Pacific and Sidebottom's were 

from -off Australia. We have specimens from other localities off New Zealand. A single specimen from off the 

Philippines seems to be very close to this species.

This species has been included under Reuss' name, as 

given above, but is a broader, more inflated form, with 

deeper sutures and more inflated chambers.

Robertina parkeri (Terquem and Terquem) 

Cushman and Parker

Plate 18, figure 17

Bulwnina parkeri Terquem and Terquem, Soc. Zool. France Bull.,

vol. 11, p. 334, pi. 11, fig. 19, 1886. 

Robertina parkeri Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 16, p. 22, 1940.

This species was described from the region south of 

Norway. It is evidently a Robertina, but we have no 

material that seems identical with it. The type figure is 

given on our plate.

Robertina subteres (H. B. Brady) Cushman and Parker

Plate 18, figure 19 .

Bulimina subteres H. B. Brady, Quart. Jour. Micr. Sci., vol. 21,

n.ser., p. 55, 1881. 

Wright, Belfast Nat. Field Club Proc., 1880-81, App., p.

180, pi. 8, figs. 2, 2a, 1882. 

H. B. Brady (part), Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p.

403, pi. 50, fig. 17? (not fig. 18). 

Bulimina presli Reuss var. elegantissima Parker and Jones, Philos.

Trans., vol. 155, p. 374, pi. 15, figs. 12-17, 1865. 

Robertina convoluta Cushman and Parker (not Williamson), 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 94, pi. 

16, figs. 4a, b, 1936. 

Thalmann, Am. Midland Naturalist, vol. 28, p. 464, 1942.

Test elongate, 2y2 times as long as broad, slightly compressed, initial end somewhat pointed; chambers distinct, 

slightly inflated, 6 or 7 pairs in the final whorl, rather 

elongate and narrow; sutures distinct, very slightly depressed, strongly limbate; wall smooth, polished, translucent ; aperture elongate, narrow, slightly curved, the upper 

end slightly expanded; supplementary aperture at the 

base very narrow, inconspicuous. Length 0.39 mm., diameter 0.16 mm.

In his notes on this species published in 1881 Brady 

refers the figures of Parker and Jones to his species and 

again in the synonymy of the Challenger Report. This 

form is common about the British Isles and in the north 

Atlantic and may be taken as typical of this species. He

mentions its relationship as close to Robertina arctica 

D'Orbigny. Our figured specimen is from the coast of 

Ireland. There has been much confusion in regard to this 

species, as the figures shown under B. subteres in the 

Challenger Report of specimens from the south Pacific 

are not of the same species as that from the north Atlantic. 

We referred the figured specimens to "Robertina convoluta (Williamson)," but that species is different and 

will be discussed separately.

Genus PSEUDOBULIMINA Earhrnd, 1934

Pseudobulimina^ Earland, Discovery Repts., vol. 10, p. 133, 1934. 

Bulimina (part) of authors.

Genoholotype, Bidimina chafmwm Heron-Alien and 

Earland.

Test free, consisting of two series of chambers of 

very different dimensions, rapidly increasing in size and 

arranged side by side in a helicoid spiral of more than one 

convolution; wall calcareous, perforate; aperture a narrow 

opening at the inner edge of the chamber, with a longer 

opening in the apertural face. Eocene to Recent.

This peculiar form is in some respects similar to 

Robertina, particularly in the apertural characters. It may 

possibly be related to the Cassidulinidae.

Glaessner places this genus and Robertina in his new 

family Ceratobuliminidae. He states that the so-called 

primary aperture in this and Robertina is not a true aperture but a fold connecting with the previous chamber, 

but our studies of Robertina arctica do not confirm this.

Pseudobulimina chapman! (Heron-Alien and Earland) 

Earland

Plate 18, figure 20

Bulimina chapmani Heron-Alien and Earland, British Antarctic

Exped., Zoology, vol. 6, p. 130, pi. 4, figs. 18-20, 1922. 

Robertina chapmani Wiesner, Deutsche Sud-Polar-Exped., vol. 20,

Zool., p. 124, pi. 20, fig. 239, 1929. 

Pseudobulimina chapmani Earland, Discovery Repts., vol. 10, p.

134, pi. 6, figs. 11-14, 1934. 

Chapman and Parr, Australasian Antarctic Exped., ser. C,

vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 80, 1937. ' 

Glaessner, Studies in micropaleontogy, vol. 1, fasc. 3, p. 23,

pi. 2, figs. 23, 24, 1937.

Test free, perforate, helicoid, consisting of a double series of 

chambers, arranged in a rapidly-increasing spiral, the outer series 

being largely predominant and increasing in size much more rapidly 

than the inner series. Sutural lines flush, but often thick, and 

showing as bands of clear shell-substance. The oral face of the 

final chamber flat, containing the aperture, vhich is a wellmarked cleft, running halfway across the septal face. Size (across 

oral face) : Length up to .80 mm.; breadth up to .60 mm.; thickness up to .50 mm.—Heron-Alien and Earland.

The species was described from the Antarctic and has 

been since recorded several times from that region. We
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 77

have no material. Heron-Alien and Earland refer the 

specimen figured from the Antarctic, by Chapman as 

"Bulimina seinmuda Terquem" to their species. - (Chapman, British Antarctic Exped., Geol., vol. 2, p. 29, pi. 2, 

figs. 9a, b, 1916.)

Pseudobulimina glaessneri Howe and Roberts

Plate 18, figure 21

Pseudobulimina glaessneri Howe and Roberts, in Howe, Louisiana

Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 14, p. 81, pi. 11, figs. 9-11, 1939. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 21, p. 20, pi. 4, figs. 19, 20, 1945.

Test spirally coiled, with a double set of chambers which show 

both dorsally and ventrally; 10 or 11 chambers in the last coil; 

wall thick and shiny as in Ceratobulimina; early sutures flush with 

the surface, later ones depressed; aperture an oblique slit in the 

apertural face. Holotype, length 0.40 mm.; thickness 0.16 mm.— 

Howe and Roberts.

The types of this species are from the Eocene Cook 

Mountain formation, left bank of Saline Bayou beneath 

Louisiana and Arkansas Railroad bridge at St. Maurice, 

Winn Parish, Louisiana.

The type figures, given on our plate, do not give clear 

details of the structure of this species, and it is questionably placed in this genus until more is known concerning 

its detailed structure. Similar forms were found in the ••

Eocene Lisbon formation of Monroe County, Alabama.

Pseudobulimina convoluta (Williamson) 

Cushman and Parker

Bulimina pupoides D'Orbigny var. convoluta Williamson, Recent 

Foraminifera of Great Britain, p. 63, pi. 5, figs. 132, 133, 

1858. 

Bulimina convoluta H. B. Brady, Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol.

9, p. 409, pi. 113, figs. 6a, b, 1884. 

Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss. Abh., cl. 2, vol. 18, p. 288, pi. 8,

figs. 83, 84, 1893.

Millett, Royal Micr. Soc. Jour., 1900, p. 279, pi. 2, fig. 9. 

Buliminella convoluta Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 3,

p. 109, pi. 18, figs. 4, 5, 1922. 

Pseudobulimina convoluta Glaessner, Studies in micropaleontology,

vol. 1, fasc. 3, p. 23, pi. 2, figs. 26, 27, 1937. 

Brotzen, Sveriges geol. undersokning, ser. c, no. 451, p. 37,

text figs. 12, 16, 1942. 

Thalmann, Am. Midland Naturalist, vol. 28, p. 464, 1942.

No definite description of this species can be given, as 

the original figure by Williamson is too obscure to provide 

information on details. It is also probably not correctly 

drawn. The figures given by Brady in the Challenger Report of specimens obtained from Torres Strait are probably not of a species identical with that of Williamson and 

perhaps do not belong to Pseudobulimina. The species is 

evidently rare in the region of the British Isles to judge 

by our examination of material from that area. Other

references are given above, but it is very doubtful if they 

all refer to one species or whether they really belong to 

this genus. In some respects they resemble Cuskmanella. 

Few of them show the primary aperture well developed. 

Glaessner has placed these forms with Ceratobulimina and 

described the family Ceratobuliminidae, which contains a 

varied group of genera, the close relationships of which 

seem very questionable. The group needs much detailed 

study.

Subfamily 3. BULIMININAE

Test spiral, usually triserial, becoming involute and 

finally, in Entosolenia, single chambered; wall calcareous, 

finely perforate; aperture loop-shaped, the larger end away 

from the inner margin (or rounded in Entosolenia), 

usually with a distinct tooth and internal tube or trough 

connecting the chambers (or in Entosblenia free at the 

inner end).

In this study Entosolenia has not been included, as 

many of the species are difficult to place until the actual 

types can be examined for their internal structure.

• 

. Genus BULIMINA D'Orbigny, 1826

Bulimina D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat., vol. 7, p. 269, 1826.

H. B. Brady, Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 397, 1884.

Chapman, The Foraminifera, p. 172, 1902.

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 2, p. 76, 1911; Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 77, no. 4, p. 35, 1925. 

Galloway and Wissler, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 73, 1927. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 3, pt.

1, p. 65, 1927; idem, Special Pub. 1, p. 247, 1928. 

White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 46, 1929. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 4, 

p. 220, 1933; U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 161, pt. 3, p. 10, 1942. 

Pleurites Ehrenberg, Mikrogeologie, 1854.

Cucurbitina Costa, Accad. pontaniana Atti, vol. 7, pt. 2, p. 363, 

1856.

Genotype, Bulimina marginata D'Orbigny.

Test an elongate spiral, generally triserial; chambers 

inflated, spiral suture more or less obsolete; wall calcareous, perforate; aperture loop-shaped, with a tooth or plate 

at one side and an internal spiral trough connecting 

through the chambers between the apertures. Jurassic to 

Recent.

The earliest occurrence of the genus is in the Jurassic. 

The species there are simple, so far as can be made out 

from the figures and descriptions. In the Upper Cretaceous the species become ornate, and the same types of 

ornamentation persist in the species of the present oceans. 

For the most part the ornamentation consists of longitudinal costae or ridges, sometimes continuous over the 

whole length of the test but more usually broken at the 

sutures. Spines are frequently developed at the basal 

border of the chambers and at the initial end.
78 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Many of the species are relatively short-lived and make 

good index fossils. Some species have wide geographic 

distributions but are distinctly restricted, so far as is 

known, at -the present time.

Bulimina antiqua Terquem and Berthelin

Plate 19, figure 1

Bulimina antiqua Terquem and Berthelin, Soc. Geol. France Me*m., 

ser. 2, vol. 10, pt 3, p. 65, pi. 5, fig. 16, 1875.

Cast of pyrite, elongate, narrow, straight, composed of 3 vertical 

series, containing 6 whorls of spherical chambers. Very rare. 

Length 0.26 mm.; diameter 0.09 mm.—Terquem and Berthelin 

(translated).

The species was described from the lower Lias of Essayles-Nancy, France.

No specimens referable to this species were found in 

available collections. It is more than possible that the 

form is not a Bulimina. The original figure is reproduced.

Bulimina incurva Terquem •

Plate 19, figures 2, 3 '

Bulimina incurva Terquem, Cinquieme Memoire sur les foraminiferes du systeme oolithique, p. 387, pi. 45, figs. 10, 11, 

1883.

Test elongate, smooth, obtuse at both ends, consisting of an 

oblique spire, twisted, of 5 or 6 whorls; chambers projecting, 

round, arranged in 3 straight or curved rows, increasing regularly. 

Length (of figured specimens) 0.28, 0.32, 0.38 mm.; diameter 0.14, 

0.12, 0.22 mm.—Terquem (translated).

The species was described from the Jurassic, Ammonites parkinsoni zone, Fontoy, France.

Terquem's figures are reproduced. Three specimens 

were found in Jurassic material from Metz, France, which 

may be tentatively referred to this species. One of these 

is figured. The later chambers do not show the inflation 

of Terquem's species, and the chambers are not spherical.

Bulimina intricata Terquem

Plate 19, figure 4

Bulimina intricata Terquem, Cinquieme memoire sur les foraminiferes du systeme oolithique, p. 388, pi. 45, figs. 14a, b, 1883.

Test elongate, oval, smooth, tapering, rounded at the initial end, 

consisting of an indistinct spire, with more or less numerous 

whorls, the early chambers flat, overlapping, very small and 

numerous, later ones more or less inflated, round. Length 0.29 mm.,, 

diameter 0.16 mm.—Terquem (translated).

The types are from the Jurassic, Ammonites parkinsoni 

zone, Fontoy, Moselle, France.

We have no typical material. Terquem's figures are 

reproduced.

Bulimina muricata Terquem

Plate 19, figures 5, 6

Bulimina muricata Terquem, Cinquieme memoire sur les foraminiferes du systeme oolithique, p. 388, pi. 45, figs. 12, 13, 1883.

Test elongate, conical, almost circular in transverse section, 

smooth, obtuse at both ends, formed of a straight- spire of 4 to 6 

whorls, chambers in 2 or 3 rows, projecting, more or less involute, 

the last sometimes regularly oval. Length 0.26, 0 28 mm.; diameter 

0.17, 0.16 mm.—Terquem (translated).

The types of the species are from the Jurassic, Ammonites parkinsoni zone of Fontoy, Moselle, France.

We have no material referable to the species. Terquem's figures are reproduced.

Bulimina prima Terquem

Plate 19, figures 7-9

Bulimina prima Terquem, Cinquieme memoire sur les foraminiferes du systeme oolithique, p. 387, pi. 45, figs. 7-9, 1883.

Test elongate, conical, smooth, inflated at the apertural end, 

more or less tapering, obtuse at the initial end, consisting of a 

straight spire, composed of 4 to 7 whorls, chambers projecting, 

inflated, rounded, arranged in 3 rows, increasing regularly. Length 

0.31, 0.32, 0.37 mm.; diameter 0.16, 0.14, 0.14 mm.—Terquem 

(translated).

The types are from the Jurassic, Ammonites parkinsoni 

zone, Fontoy, Moselle, France. We have no typical material. Terquem's figures are reproduced.

Bulimina nannina Tappan

Plate 19, figure 10

Bulimina nannina Tappan, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 14, p. 116, pi. 

19, figs. 4a, b, 1940; idem, vol. 17, p. 507, pi. 81, fig. 15, 1943.

Test minute, triserial, chambers inflated, last series much larger 

than the earlier chambers, final pair of chambers forming one-half 

the test; sutures distinct, depressed; wall calcareous, smooth; 

aperture loop-shaped, in the face of the last formed chamber. 

Length of holotype, 0.21 mm.; breadth, 0.14 mm.—Tappan.

The types are from the Lower Cretaceous Grayson 

formation, lower part of zone 1, Grayson Bluff on Denton 

Creek, 3% miles northeast of Roanoke, 2 miles by road 

east of the Fort Worth-Denton highway, Denton County, 

Texas. The species has also been recorded from the 

Lower Cretaceous Duck Creek formation of Oklahoma 

and Texas.

Bulimina nannina was originally compared with "B. 

ovula Reuss" (B. reussi Morrow) but was distinguished 

as being smaller, with more gradually increasing chambers. It is very close to B. reussi Mor~ow var. navarroensis Cushman and Parker, but is less tapering and has 

a more rounded initial end.
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 79

Bulimina brevis D'Orbigny

Plate 21, figure 3

Bulimina brcvis D'Orbigny, Soc. geol. France Mem., ser. 1, vol. 4,

p. 41, pi. 4, figs. 13, 14, 1840; Prodrome de paleontologie,

vol. 2, p. 282, No. 1402, 1850. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 10, p. 28, 1934. 

Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss. Abh., cl. 2, vol. 21, pt. 1, p. 49,

pi. 15, figs. 42, 43, 1899. . 

Btilimina intermedia Reuss (part), Haidinger's Naturwiss. Abh.,

vol. 4, p. 23, pi. 3, fig. 11, 1851. 

Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss. Abh., cl. 2, vol. 21, pt. 1, p. 51,

pi. 15, figs. 3, 4, 1899. 

Bulimina murchisoniana Franke (not D'Orbigny), Geol. pal. Inst.

Univ. Greifswald Abh., vol. 6, p. 27, pi. 2, figs. 22a, b, 1925;

Preuss. geol. Landesanstalt Abh., n. ser., vol. Ill, p. 160,

pi. 14, figs. 22a, b, 1928.

Test almost as long as broad, 2 or 3 whorls, the lastformed whorl making up about three-fourths of the test; 

chambers few, earlier ones indistinct, those of last whorl 

distinct, inflated; sutures distinct, depressed in last whorl, 

earlier sutures indistinct; wall coarsely perforate, smooth; 

aperture long, comma-shaped, near the apex of the test. 

Length of figured specimen 0.88 mm., diameter 0.72 mm.

The types of the species are from the Upper Cretaceous 

near Meudon, Saint-Germain, and Sens of the Paris 

Basin, France. We have no material from D'Orbigny's 

localities, but specimens from Gravesend, England, appear 

to be identical. The species occurs also at various localities in the Senonian of Germany.

The original reference to Bulimina brevis was made by 

D'Orbigny in 1826 (Annales sci. nat., vol. 7, p. 270, no. 

13, 1826) with Rimini, Italy, given as the type locality. 

At this time the name was merely listed, with no specific 

description. In 1840 D'Orbigny gave the name to a 

Cretaceous form, described, and figured it. His earlier 

listing of the Rimini species, together with Fornasini's 

later reproduction of D'Orbigny's unpublished figure 

(Accad. sci. 1st. Bologna Mem., ser. 5a, vol. 9, p. 6, 

text fig. 7, 1901) therefore, must be discarded in favor 

of the Upper Cretaceous form, as the latter was the first 

valid application of the specific name.

The species resembles Bulimina intermedia Reuss, from 

the Turonian of Germany, but is much larger, with fewer 

whorls, and with the aperture differing both in position 

and shape. It differs from B. murchisoniana D'Orbigny, 

of which we have only one questionable specimen, in the 

less marked inflation of the last-formed chambers, in 

having less depressed sutures, in the position and shape 

of the aperture, and in its somewhat larger size.

Bulimina murchisoniana D'Orbigny

Plate 19, figure 11

Bulimina murchisoniana D'Orbigny, Soc. geol. France Mem., ser. 

1, vol. 4, p. 41, pi. 4, figs. 15, 15', 1840; Prodrome de 

paleontologie, vol. 2, p. 282, no. 1403, 1850.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 10, p. 29, pi. 5, figs. 7a, b, 1934. 

Fahrion, Paleontographica, Suppl., 2. Reihe, pt. 2, no. 2, p.

199,1937. 

Macfadyen, Geol. Mag., vol. 79, p. 139, 1942.

Test large, rounded; chambers distinct, last-formed 

chambers inflated, corresponding chambers of each whorl 

aligned; earlier sutures indistinct, later ones depressed; 

wall slightly rough, almost papillate ;• aperture indistinct, 

placed at the suture joining the second and third chambers, loop-shaped. .Length of figured specimen 0.70 mm., 

diameter 0.64 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous, of SaintGermain, Paris Basin, France, and of England.

One specimen was found in material from Gravesend, 

England, which may be referred to this species. It is 

figured here. A discussion of the resemblance of this 

species to Bulimina intermedia Reuss will be found under 

the latter species and need not be repeated here. It also 

bears some resemblance to B. brevis D'Orbigny. D'Orbigny recognized this and in his description says that 

it is related to B. brevis by its rounded chambers and 

short form. He adds that this species can be distinguished 

by its elongate spire, which is pointed and not obtuse, 

and by its chambers, which are more widely separated 

throughout and are arranged in three rows.

Bulimina amphicona Yon Hagenow

Bulimina amphicona Von Hagenow, Neues Jahrb., 1842, p. 570. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 10, p. 36, 1934.

Test conically pointed at both ends, sharper at the 

upper end, regularly coiled; chambers inflated as in 

Helix, their junction, in a zigzag line, visible on only 

one side of the test.

Von Hagenow's description is summarized. The species 

was described from the Upper Cretaceous of Riigen. The 

description is not sufficiently full to identify any specimens 

we have with the species and no figures are given.

Bulimina tumida Reuss

Bulimina tumida Reiiss, Geogn. Skizzen Bohmen, vol. 2, pt. 1, p.

215, 1844.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 10, p. 29, 1934.

Test about as long as broad, broadly egg-shaped, very 

tumid, apertural end truncated, initial end pointed, distinctly coiled, with 4 whorls, each with 3 chambers; chambers of the last portion inflated, with deep sutures; the 

earlier chambers one-third to one-fourth the size of the 

later, less inflated, sutures indistinct, the last whorl making 

up the larger portion of the test; aperture a straight 

opening, at right angles to the last spiral suture. Length 

one-fourth to 1 line ( ? 0.5 to 2.1 mm.)
80 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

The species is related to Bulimina murchisoniana 

D'Orbigny.

The original description of Reuss is summarized above. 

The species was described from the Upper Cretaceous 

Planerkalk of Kuschlin and Kosstitz, Bohemia. No figures 

were given.

Bulimina intermedia Reuss

Plate 19, figures 12-15

Bulimina intermedia Reuss, Die Verstein. bohm. Kreide, pt. 1, p.

37, pi. 13, fig. 71, 1845; Paleontographica, vol. 20, pt. 2,

p. 108, 1874. 

Bulimina murchisoniana Reuss (not D'Orbigny), Die Verstein.

bohm. Kreide., pt. 1, p. 37, pi. 8, figs. 69, 72; pi. 13, fig. 70,

1845; in Geinitz, Grundr. Verstein., p. 672, pi. 24, fig. 61,

1845-6.

Test of medium size, rapidly tapering, consisting of 

3 to 5 whorls; chambers distinct, those of the last whorl 

much inflated and occupying about half the test, corresponding chambers in each whorl aligned; sutures distinct, 

slightly depressed; wall coarsely perforate; aperture loopshaped, either directly at, or very slightly above, the suture 

joining the second and third chambers. Length of specimens from Luschitz 0.34 to 0.54 mm., diameter 0.30 to 

0.42 mm.

We have a few specimens from the Upper Cretaceous 

Planermergel of Luschitz, Bohemia, Reuss' type locality, 

as well as specimens from Kosstitz and other Turonian 

localities of Germany and Bohemia.

In the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna specimens 

of this species, named by Reuss and presumably from 

Luschitz, were seen and drawings of two of the specimens 

are reproduced here (pi. 19, figs. 14, 15). This form is 

close to Bulimina murchisoniana D'Orbigny and it is 

possible that it should be placed in the synonymy under 

this species, but as we have only one specimen of the 

latter from the Senonian of Gravesend, England, it seems 

best to keep the. species separate. Reuss describes B. 

murchisoniana from Kosstitz but does not give this locality 

for B. Intermedia. Our specimens from there, however, 

agree well with those seen in Vienna, and two of them 

are figured here (pi. 19, figs. 12, 13). A study of Reuss' 

figures of D'Orbigny's species shows that he may have 

misunderstood the form. In comparing the two he describes B. Intermedia as not having such deeply cut 

sutures, and in a later paper (Palaeontographica, vol. 20, 

pt. 2, p. 108, 1874) he describes it as a shorter, stouter 

form of B. murchisoniana. Actually it is a smaller form, 

the largest specimen being considerably less than twothirds of a millimeter, the length given by D'Orbigny for 

his species.

Bulimina cenomana D'Orbigny

Bulimina cenomana D'Orbigny, Prodrome de paleontologie, vol. 

2, p. 185. No. 759, 1850.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram Research Contr., 

vol. 10, p. 36, 1934.

Species close to B. proica, but shorter and more rugose.— 

D'Orbigny (translated).

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous, Le Mans, 

France. The species was not figured.

Bulimina sarthacensis D'Orbigny

Bulimina sarthacensis D'Orbigny, Prodrome de paleontologie, vol.

2, p. 185, no. 760, 1850.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 10, p. 36, 1934.

Species related to B. rugosa, but larger and more pupoid.— 

D'Orbigny (translated).

D'Orbigny's brief description of the species, from the 

Upper Cretaceous, Cenomanian, of Le Mans, France, in 

the absence of figures is wholly inadequate, especially as 

there seem to be no other references to "B. rugosa" in 

the literature.

Bulimina acuta Reuss

Plate 19, figure 16

Bulimina acuta Reuss, Haidinger's Naturwiss. Abh., vol. 4, pt. 1,

p. 38, pi. 3, fig. 8, 1851.,

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 10, p. 31, pi. 5, fig. 21, 1934.

Test 2y2 times as long as broad, very slightly tapering, 

consisting of 4 to 5 whorls; chambers indistinct, not inflated; sutures indistinct, very slightly depressed; wall 

smooth, coarsely perforate; aperture narrow, loop-shaped, 

at apex of test. Length of figured specimen 0.52 mm., 

diameter 0.20 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretacecus, upper Senonian, of Lemberg, Galicia.

The species resembles Bulimina kickapooensis Cole but 

is smaller, with fewer whorls, and is much more coarsely 

perforate. Only two specimens were found in material 

from Lemberg. A larger suite of specimens might show 

a greater resemblance to Cole's species.

Bulimina parva Franke

Plate 19, figure 17

Bitlimina parva Franke, Preuss. geol. Landesans^alt. Abh., n. ser., 

vol. Ill, p. 157, pi. 14, fig. 13, 1928.

Test small, tapering, consisting of 4 to 5 whorls; chambers fairly distinct, those of the last-formed whorl making 

up at least half of the test; sutures slightly depressed; 

wall smooth, perforate, somewhat polished; aperture loopshaped, at apex of test. Length of figured specimen 0.24 

mm., diameter 0.13 mm.

The species was described from the Upoer Cretaceous, 

upper Senonian, Himmelberg, near Ahlen, Germany. Our
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 81

figured specimen is from Mersch, near Hamm, Germany. 

It is smaller than some of the specimens found. The 

species is fairly common in the Senonian of Germany.

This form differs from Bulimina reussl Morrow in its 

smaller size, narrower test, and the lack of inflation of 

the last-formed chambers. It is longer in proportion to 

its width than B. exigua, Cushman and Parker, and the 

last-formed whorl makes up a far greater proportion of 

the test.

Bulimina minuta (Marsson) Cushman

Plate 21, figure 4

Tritaxia minuta Marsson, Naturwiss. Ver. Neu-Vorpommern 

Riigen Mitt., Jahrb. 10, p. 162, pi. 4, figs. 31a-d, 1878.

Bulimina minuta Cushman (not Hantken), Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Special Pub. 7, p. 29; 1937.

Bulimina marssoni Cushman and Parker, idem, Contr., vol. 16, 

p. 46, pi. 8, fig. 17, 1940.

Test small, triangular in transverse section, consisting 

of 5 whorls, rapidly tapering; chambers indistinct, meeting in a zigzag line on the somewhat concave sides; 

sutures slightly depressed, dark in color; wall coarsely 

perforate, smooth; aperture loop-shaped, at apex of test. 

Length of figured specimen 0.28 mm., diameter 0.12 mm.

This species was described from the Upper Cretaceous, 

Senonian, of Rugeii. It has not been recorded elsewhere.

The specimens used for study were compared to Marsson's type in Vienna in 1932 by Cushman. The species 

resembles B. rudlta Cushman and Parker but differs from 

it in its smaller size, more regular character, smooth wall, 

and less depressed sutures.

Bulimina exigua Cushman and Parker

Plate 19, figure 18

Bulimina exigua Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 99, pi. 15, figs. 7a, b, 1935. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 122, pi. 51, 

fig. 18, 1946.

Test very small, about twice as long as broad, gradually 

tapering, usually consisting of 5 whorls; chambers distinct, overlapping, somewhat inflated; sutures distinct, depressed throughout, forming a slight angle with the horizontal; wall smooth, perforate; aperture rounded. Length 

0.10 to 0.17 mm., diameter 0.08 to 0.11 mm.

The types of the species are from the Upper Cretaceous 

Brownstown marl (near base), Paris-Clarksville highway, 1.85 miles southeast of Bagwell, Texas. It occurs 

also in the lower part of the Taylor marl and the Austin 

chalk and its equivalents in Texas.

The species resembles most closely Bulimina reussi 

Morrow var. navarroensis Cushman and Paker but differs 

from it in its smaller size, in having the last-formed chambers less inflated, and in the more gradual increase in 

the size of the chambers towards the apertural end.

Bulimina kickapooensis Cole

Plate 19, figures 19, 20

Bulimina kickapooemis Cole, Florida Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 16r

p. 45, pi. 3, fig. 5, 1938. 

Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 17, p. 94, pi. 22, figs. 28a-c, 1941. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 337r

pi. 53, fig. 7, 1944. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 123, pi. 51,.

figs. 11, 12, 14; pi. 66, fig. 12, 1946. 

?Bulimina elegans Chapman (not D'Orbigny), Quart. Jour. Geol.

Soc., vol. 48, p. 516 (list), pi. 15, fig. 9, 1892. 

PEgger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss. Abh., cl. 2, vol..21, pt. 1, p.

50, pi. 15, fig. 44, 1899. 

?'Bulimina obtusa Egger (not D'Orbigny), K. bayer. Akad. Wiss,

Abh., cl. 2, vol. 21, pt. 1, p. 50, pi. 15, fig. 51, 1899. 

Bulimina quadrata Cushman and Parker (part) (not Plummer)^ 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 100, pi. 

15, figs. 13, 14 (not 12, 15, 16), 1935.

Test about 2y2 times as long as broad, megalospheric 

form tapering very slightly, microspheric rapidly, consisting of 5 or 6 whorls; chambers numerous, distinct, 

slightly inflated, sharply angled; sutures distinct, slightly 

depressed; wall smooth, perforate; aperture loop-shaped 

at apex of test, with a thin, plate-like tooth. Length 

of holotype 0.72 mm., diameter 0.28 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous, upper part 

of Taylor marl, branch of Kickapoo Creek, 1200 feet 

south of public road, 1.8 miles northwest of Annona, Red 

River County, Texas. The species occurs in formations 

of Navarro age in Arkansas, Tennessee and Texas; those 

of Taylor age in Texas; in the deep well in Florida cited 

by Cole; and in the Upper Cretaceous of Colombia. It also 

occurs questionably in the Moreno shale of California. 

It is found in the Senonian of Germany.

This species was named by Cole from specimens described by Cushman and Parker (Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 100, 1935). Cole designated 

the specimens figured by Cushman and Parker on plate 

15, figures 13, 14 and 16. Figure 16, .however, represents quite a different form from the others and is here 

referred to Bulimina aspera Cushman and Parker; it is 

smaller, having less sharply angled, more inflated chambers, with the wall of the earlier chambers somewhat 

roughened, and usually with one or more terminal spines. 

B. kickapooensis closely resembles B. (Desinobulhnina) 

quadrata Plummer but does not have the terminal aperture.

Bulimina kickapooensis Cole var. pingua 

Cushman and Parker

Plate 19, figures 21, 22

Bulimina kickapooensis Cole var. pingua Cushman and Parkerr 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, p. 44, pi. ?, 

figs. 13. 14. 1940.
82 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, vol. 17, p. 95, pi. 22, fig. 29, 

1941.

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, p. 66, pi. 11, figs. 24a, b, 

1943.

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 123, pi. 51, 

figs. 8, 9; pi. 66, figs. 15, 16, 1946.

This variety differs from the typical form in being 

shorter and broader, and in having more inflated chambers and more depressed sutures. Length 0.50 to 0.67 

mm., diameter 0.30 to 0.35 mm.

The variety was described from the Upper Cretaceous 

Corsicana marl, Mexia highway at forks of Wortham 

road, 2.8 miles east southeast of Cooledge, Limestone 

County, Texas. It also occurs at other localities in the 

Corsicana marl, in the Kemp clay of Texas, and in the 

Prairie Bluff chalk of Mississippi. It has been recorded 

from the Colon formation, Santander del Norte, Colombia. 

It occurs in great abundance at some localities and serves 

as an excellent marker.

Bulimina taylorensis Cushman and Parker

Plate 19, figures 23, 24

Bulimina taylorensis Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 96, pi. 15, figs. 3a, b, 1935. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 123, pi. 52, 

figs. 1, 2, 1946.

Test small, slightly tapering, about U/o times as long 

as broad in the megalospheric form, in the rare microspheric form twice as long as broad; 4 to 5 whorls in 

the megalospheric form, more in the microspheric; chambers fairly distinct, overlapping; sutures deep, their presence, except in the last-formed whorl, chiefly indicated 

by the sharp undercutting of the chambers; wall finely 

perforate, with irregular costae spaced rather far apart, 

causing an irregular fluting of the sharp margins of the 

chambers, the initial end of the test with one or more 

spines; aperture an elongate, loop-shaped opening, with 

a distinct lip, at the inner margin of the last-formed 

chamber. Length 0.27 to 0.32 mm., diameter 0.20 to 

0.21 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous, upper part 

of Taylor formation, branch of Kickapoo Creek, 1200 

feet south of the public road, 1.8 miles northwest of 

Annona, Red River County, Texas. The species is found 

only in the upper Taylor.

It is a distinctive form and bears no close resemblance 

to any other Upper Cretaceous species.

Bulimina triangularis Cushman and Parker

Plate 19, figure 25

Bulimina triangularis Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 97, pi. 15, figs. 4a, b, 1935. 

Cole, Florida Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 16, p. 35 (list), pi. 4, 

fig. 1, 1938.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20, p.

93, pi. 14, fig. 11, 1944. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 216, p. 122, pi. 51,

fig. 23, 1946.

Test small, 1% times as long as broad, triangular in 

transverse section with rounded angles and slightly concave sides, consisting of about 5 whorls; chambers indistinct; sutures very indistinct, showing only as slightly 

darkened lines; wall of the bottom half of the test covered 

with short, irregular, longitudinal ridges which sometimes 

become slightly spinose, the upper half of the test smooth, 

coarsely perforate; aperture loop-shaped, with a slight 

lip. Length 0.21 to 0.28 mm., diameter 0.15 to 0.17 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous Taylor formation, 3.9 miles east of Farmersville, Collin County, 

Texas, on the Greenville road. The species is found 

in the upper beds of Taylor age in Texas, Mississippi, 

and Alabama, with a single occurrence in the Corsicana 

marl of Texas. It has been recorded by Cole from a 

deep well in Florida in material of Taybr age. From 

Germany we have specimens of Senonian ?ge.

The species is larger than Bulimina rudita Cushman and 

Parker, is shorter in proportion to its length, has less 

distinct and fewer chambers, and is ornamented only 

on the lower part of the test.

Bulimina referata Jennings

Plate 30, figure 7

Bulimina referata Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleonto^gy, vol. 23, no. 

78, p. 31, pi. 3, figs. 21a, b, 1936.

Test minute, elongate, .triangular in cross-section; four or more 

whorls, three chambers to a whorl; chambers short; sutures distinct, depressed; wall smooth; aperture virguline and fairly 

large. Length, from 0.15-0.25 mm.; width, 0.09-0.15 mm — 

Jennings.

This species was described from the Up^er Cretaceous 

Mt. Laurel sand and Navesink marl of New Jersey. We 

have not seen type material but it resembles Bulimina 

triangularis Cushman and Parker.

Bulimina rudita Cushman and Parker

Plate 19, figure 26

Bulimina rudita Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 45, 1936.

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 2%, p. 122, pi. 51, 

fig. 24, 1946.

Bulimina ornata Cushman and Parker (not Egger), Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 97, pi. 15, figs. 

4a, b, 1935.

Test small, triangular in transverse section with the 

angles rounded and the sides distinctly concave, occasionally slightly twisted on its axis, consisting of 5 or 6 

whorls; chambers distinct, somewhat inflated, arranged in
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 83

regular series, with the adjacent series meeting in a 

zigzag line; sutures distinct, depressed, sigmoid, slanting 

at an angle of 45° with the horizontal; wall, except for 

the central portion of the chambers in the last-formed 

whorl, covered with, short spines, perforate; aperture 

loop-shaped, with a slight lip. Length 0.20 to 0.26 mm., 

diameter 0.11 to 0.16 mm.

The types of the species are from the Upper Cretaceous Taylor formation, Paris highway, 1.8 miles east of 

Deport, Red River County, Texas. It is fairly common 

at several localities in the Austin and Taylor formations 

of Texas, in the Prairie Bluff chalk of Mississippi, and 

in the Selma chalk of Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee.

This species is unique and bears little resemblance to 

other species of the genus.

Bulimina pectinata Cushman and Parker

Plate 19, figure 27

Bulimina pectinata Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 16, p. 45, pi. 8, figs. 20a-c, 1940. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 123, pi. 52, 

fig. 10,1946.

Test medium, triangular in transverse section, somewhat twisted on its axis, broadest part near the apertural 

end, initial end bluntly pointed; consisting of about 6 

whorls; chambers made somewhat indistinct by the ornamentation, except in the central part of the sides of the 

test; sutures indistinct except at the sides, flush with the 

surface, somewhat darker in color than the rest of the 

test; wall ornamented along the edges of the chambers 

by a bluntly toothed border which gives a somewhat 

fringed appearance to the test, finely perforate; aperture 

loop-shaped, at apex of test. Length of adult specimens 

0.32 to 0.38 mm., diameter 0.18 to 0.20 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous, upper part 

of Taylor marl, road cut, east bank, near crest of hill, 

14.4 miles south of Paris, 0.9 mile north of Lake City, 

Delta County, Texas. The species has been found only at 

the type locality.

The form resembles no other species. It is somewhat 

similar in shape to Bulimina rudita Cushman and Parker, 

but tapers less rapidly and is easily differentiated by the 

fringe-like ornamentation.

Bulimina aspera Cushman and Parker

Plate 19, figures 28-30; plate 21, figures 1, 2

Bulimina aspera Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, p. 44, pi. 8, figs. 18, 19, 1940. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, Contr., vol. 19, p. 66, pi. 11, figs. 

22, 1943.

Frizzell, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 349, pi. 57, fig. 1, 1943.

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 121, pi. 51, 

figs. 7, 10, 13, 15, 16, 1946.

Bulimina pupoides Carsey (not D'Orbigny), Univ. Texas Bul'. 

2612, p. 29, pi. 4, fig. 3, 1926.

Plummer, idem, Bull. 3101, p. 180, pi. 9, fig. 15, 1931.

? Sandidge, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 280, pi. 43, fig. 1, 

1932.

Bulimina obtusa Cushman and Church (not D'Orbigny), California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, vol. 18, p. 513, pi. 39, figi? 

17-19, 1929.

Cushman, Tennessee Geol. Survey Bull. 41, p. 47, pi. 7, figs 

17, 18, 1931; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 309, pi. 35, fig? 

15a, b, 1931.

Bulimina subornata Sandidge (not H. B. Brady), Jour. Paleortology, vol. 6, p. 280, pi. 43, fig. 2, 1932.

fBulimina elongata Sandidge (not D'Orbigny), Jour. Paleortology, vol. 6, p. 281, pi. 43, fig. 3, 1932.

Bulimitia quadrata W. Berry and Kelley (not Plummer), U. £. 

Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 76, art. 19, p. 5, pi. 2, fig. 7, 1929.

Cushman and Parker (part), Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 11, p. 100, pi. 15, figs. 12, 15, 16 (not figs. 13, 

14), 1935.

Bulimina kickapooensis Cole (part), Florida Dept. Cons. Geo1 , 

Bull. 16, p. 45, 1938.

Test medium, 2 or more times as long as broad, slightly 

tapering, consisting of 4 to 5 whorls, initial end bluntly 

pointed, sometimes with 1 or 2 short basal spines; chambers joined at an angle of about 90° or less, slightly inflated; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall of initial 

part of test somewhat roughened, perforate, with th~ 

perforations often arranged in regular lines; apertur? 

elongate, at apex of test, with a small, plate-like tooth. 

Length of specimens fom type locality 0.38 to 0.50 mm.r 

diameter 0.16 to 0.26 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous, upper part 

of Taylor formation, 6.15 miles from Kaufman on th~ 

road to Crandall, Kaufman County, Texas. The specie? 

is very widespread, occurring in the Upper Cretaceous 

sediments of Taylor and Navarro ages thoughout thQ 

Gulf Coast region of the United States. It is also recorded from the Upper Cretaceous Mal Paso shale of 

Peru.

The specimens from the upper part of the Navarro 

group differ from those of the lower part of the Navarro 

and from the Taylor formation in not having the small 

initial spines; in other respects they appear to be identical. 

The species differs from Bulimina pupoides D'Orbigny in 

the angled character of the chambers, in the much slighte" 

inflation of the chambers, and in the shape of the test, 

which tapers less and has a more blunt initial end. It 

differs from B. kickapooensis Cole in the smaller size, 

greater inflation of the chambers, in the roughened earlv 

portion of the test, and in the usual presence of one or 

two short spines.
SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Bulimina reussi Morrow

Plate 19, figure 31; plate 20, figures 1-5

Bulimina reussi Morrow, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 195, pi.

29, fig. 12, 1934. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram Research Contr.,

vol. 11, p. 99, pi. 15, figs. 8a, b, 10, 1935. 

Cushman and Hedberg, idem, Contr., vol. 17, p. 95, pi. 22,

figs. 30a-c, 1941.

Frizzell, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 350, pi. 57, fig. 2, 1943. 

Cushman and Deaderick, idem, vol. 18, p. 337, pi. 53, fig. 6,

1944. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20,

p. 12, pi. 2, fig. 25, 1944; U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper

206, p. 120, pi. 51, figs. 1-5, 1946. 

Bulimina ovulum Reuss (not ovula D'Orbigny), Geog. Skizzen

Bohmen, vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 215, 1844; Die Verstein. bohm.

Kreide, pt. 1, pi. 8, fig. 57; pi. 13, fig. 73, 1845-6. 

Alth, Haidinger's Naturwiss. Abh., vol. 3, p. 264, pi. 13, fig.

18, 1850.

Reuss, idem, vol. 4, p. 38, pi. 3, fig. 9, 1851. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 10, p. 29, pi. 5, figs. 10, 11, 1934.

Bulimina murchisoniana Cushman (not D'Orbigny), Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 309, pi. 35, figs. 14a, b, 1931; Jour.

Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 340, 1932.

Bulimina brevis Franke (not D'Orbigny), Geol. pal. Inst. Greifs- 

"wald Abh., vol. 6, p. 25, pi. 2, fig. 18, 1925; Preuss. geol.

Landesanstalt. Abh., n. sen, vol. Ill, p. 157, pi. 14, fig. 12,

1928.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 7,

p. 40, pi. 5, figs. 9a-c, 1931. 

Bulimina ventricosa Brotzen, Sveriges geol. undersokning, ser. c,

no. 396, p. 124, pi. 8, figs, la-c, text figs. 42, 43, 1936. 

Bulimina hvozvensis Brotzen, idem, p. 126.

Test small, ovate, globular, subcircular in transverse section 

with greatest breadth above the middle, tapering evenly to a 

rather sharply rounded initial end; chambers triserial throughout, 

obscure, enlarging very rapidly in size as they are added; sutures 

very slightly depressed; wall smooth, very finely perforate; aperture small, subterminal. Height 0.28 mm.; breadth 0.16 mm.— 

Morrow.

The species was described by Reuss from the Upper 

Cretaceous Planermergel of Luschitz, Rannay, and Brozan in "Bohemia". The form has a wide range of occurrence both geographically and stratigraphically. It is 

found in the Upper Cretaceous of Europe ranging from 

the Turonian to the upper Senonian. In North America 

it occurs in formations of Navarro, Taylor, and Austin 

ages throughout the Gulf Coast region. It is also found 

in the Niobrara formation of Kansas, Velasco shale of 

Mexico, and Upper Cretaceous of Colombia and Peru. 

The forms found in the Austin chalk are usually shorter 

and broader than those occurring higher in the section.

A study has been made of specimens from various 

Turonian localities of "Bohemia" and from Senonian 

localities of Sweden, Germany, and England, and it 

does not seem to us advisable to subdivide the group as

some authors have tried to do. Brotzen names two new 

species from this group. The first, Bulimina ventricosa, 

represents in our opinion a form so close to Reuss' species 

that it is difficult to separate the two. A suite of specimens sent by Brotzen shows tendencies towards a shorter 

type of test with fewer whorls, but many Turonian specimens may be found so close to it that v<re .have found 

it impossible to differentiate them; at best, evolution 

towards a different form may be at work.' B. hvowensis, 

the name given by Brotzen to Reuss' citation of B. ovulum 

(in Haidinger's Naturwiss. Abh., vol. 4, p. 38, pi. 3, fig. 

9, 1851) from the Senonian of Lemberg, Germany, also 

seems to represent the same species. A specimen from 

Lemberg that agreed exactly with Reuss1 figure agrees 

almost exactly with one of Brotzen's syntypes of B. ventricosa and also with Turonian specimens.

The species lacks the trihedral character of Bulimina 

trihedta Cushman, has a shorter, less tapered test, and 

less inflated chambers.

Bulimina reussi Morrow var. navar~oensis 

Cushman and Parker

Plate 20, figure 6

Bulimina reussi Morrow var. navarroensis Gush-ian and Parker, 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 100, 

pi. 15, figs, lla, b, 1935.

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 19, .p. 66, pi. 11, fig. 21, 1943.

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 121, pi. 51, 

fig. 6, 1946.

This variety differs from the typical form in the smaller 

size of the test, in the much slighter inflation of the 

last-formed chambers, and in the much smaller proportion of the whole test which these chambers form. Length 

0.16 to 0.25 mm., diameter 0.10 to 0.13 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous Navarro 

formation, chalky marl member, San Marcos River, half a 

mile below Martindale, Caldwell County, Texas. It occurs 

in formations of Navarro age including the Selma chalk 

of Tennessee, the Kemp clay, Corsicana marl, and Neylandville marl of Texas.

This variety is very easily differentiated from the 

typical Bit-liming reussi Morrow by its'rmrh smaller size.

Bulimina prolixa Cushman and Parker

Plate 20, figures 7, 8

Bulimina prolixa Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 98, pi. 15, figs. 5a, b, 1935. 

PToulmin, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 15, p. 598, pi. 80, fig. 27,

1941. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 19, p. 66, pi. 11, fig. 23, 1943. 

Schenck, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 62, 1943. 

Cushman and Deaderick, idem, vol. 18, p. 337, pi. 53, fig. 8,

1944.
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA

Cushman and Goudkoff, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 20, p. 58, pi. 10, fig. 1, 1944. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 122, pi. 51,

figs. 19-22, 1946.

Bulimiiia puschi Cushman (not Reuss), Tennessee Geol. Survey 

Bull. 41, p. 47, pi. 7, figs. 19a, b, 1931; Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 7, p. 42, pi. 5, figs, lla-c, 

1931.

Bulimina speciosa Brotzen, Sveriges geol. undersokning, ser. c, 

no. 396, p. 128, pi. 8, fig. 5, 1936.

Test long and narrow, about 2y2 times as long as broad, 

tapering very slightly throughout the entire length, triangular in transverse section with the angles broadly 

rounded, often somewhat twisted on its axis toward the 

initial end, consisting of 6 to 7 whorls; chambers distinct, 

those of successive whorls placed directly over each other 

with adjacent series meeting in a zigzag line; sutures 

distinct, very slightly depressed; wall smooth, coarsely 

perforate; aperture elongate, placed well above the junction of the second and third chambers. Length 0.25 to 

0.27 mm., diameter 0.11 to 0.12 mm.

The types of the species are from the Upper Cretaceous 

Selma chalk, New Corinth highway, I3y2 miles east of 

Selmer, McNairy County, Tennessee. It is found in 

formations of Navarro and later Taylor ages in Texas, 

Arkansas, Tennessee, and California. We have specimens 

also from the Upper Cretaceous of the Gotzreuther 

Graben, near Siegsdorf, Germany. Doubtful specimens 

have been recorded from the Eocene Salt Mountain limestone of Alabama.

As was pointed out in an earlier paper, this species 

has been wrongly identified in the United States as Bulimina puschi Reuss. Brotzen in his description of B. speciosa 

definitely states that it is identical with the Tennessee 

form described by Cushman as B. puschi.

Bulimina arkadelphiana Cushman and Parker

Plate 20, figures 9, 10

Bulimina arkadelphiana Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 96, pi. 15, figs, la, b, 2, 

1935.

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 124, pi. 52, 

figs. 3, 4, 1946.

Test small to medium, the megalospheric form considerably smaller than the microspheric, tapering, consisting of about 5 whorls in the megalospheric form, 8 

in the microspheric; chambers numerous, later ones inflated; sutures distinct, deep; wall, except for the last 

3 chambers, covered with sharp spines, especially at 

the margins of the chambers, the last formed whorl with 

spines at the margins of the chambers and with only an 

occasional spine above, finely perforate; aperture typically 

elongate, with a -small lip. Length 0.33 to 0.50 mm., 

diameter 0.23 to 0.30 mm.

695464—*7———3

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous Arkadelphia 

clay, 6 miles north by west of Hope, Hempstead County, 

Arkansas. The species was found at several localities in 

the Arkadelphia clay.

This form differs from Bulimina cooperensis Cushman 

in having longer spines and no costae.

Bulimina tortilis Reuss

Plate 20, figure 14

Bulimina tortilis Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber, vol. 44,

pt. 1, p. 338, pi. 8, figs. 3a, b, 1861 (1862). 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 10, p. 31, pi. 6, figs, la, b, 1934. 

Uvigerina tortilis Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss. Math.-naturh.

Abt, Abh., Kl. 2, vol. 21, pt. 1, p. 133, pi. 15, figs. 52-54,

1899.

A peculiar, small species, pyramidal, three-sided, the 

sides concave, the ridges "somewhat blunt, the whole test 

slightly twisted, composed of 5 whorls, the earliest small, 

the later increasing gradually in size; chambers semicircular, the earliest indistinct, the later rapidly increasing in size and strongly arched; aperture short, narrowly elliptical, beginning below the short, truncate end 

of the last-formed chamber and running down the flat 

side of the chamber. Maximum length 0.52 mm.

A summary of Reuss' description is given above. The 

species was described from the Upper Cretaceous, "Senonian Greensands" of New Jersey. We have no specimens which can be identified with it. Egger figures a 

similar form from the Cretaceous of Europe.

Bulimina velascoensis (Cushman) White

Plate 20, figure 11

Gaudryina velascoensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 1, p. 20, pi. 3, fig. 7, 1925; Am. Assoc. Petroleum 

Geologists Bull. vol. 10, p. 587, pi. 16, fig. 9, 1926; Jour. 

Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 149, pi. 28, fig. 2, 1927.

Bulimina velascoensis White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 5C, 

pi. 5, fig. 3, 1929. • • 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 124, pi. 52, 

fig. 8,1946.

Test almost twice as long as broad, broadest toward 

the apertural end, early portion somewhat triangular 

in transverse section, later portion with the angles broadly 

rounded in transverse section, consisting of about 7 

whorls; chambers indistinct except in the later portion 

of the test; sutures indistinct, very slightly depressed; 

wall perforate, with the fairly large perforations often 

arranged in longitudinal lines, giving the impression of 

faint striations; aperture elongate, loop-shaped, with a 

slight lip.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous Velasco 

shale, Tamalte Arroyo, Hacienda El Limon, San Luis
86 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Potosi, Mexico. The species appears to be characteristic 

of the Velasco shale.

The form described and figured by White in some 

respects resembles Bulimina tabascoensis Galloway and 

Morrey, but the triangular character of the early portion 

of the test and the similarity of size make it more probable that it should be referred to this species.

Bulimina incisa Cushman

Plate 20, figures 12, 13

Bulimina incisa Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists

Bull., vol. 10, p. 592, pi. 17, figs. 9a, b, 1926. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 124, pi. 52, 

fig. 7,1946.

Bulimina, dedivis Galloway and Morrey (not Reuss), Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 351, pi. 40, figs. 8, 9, 1931.

Test small, oval, circular in transverse section, greatest 

breadth toward the apertural ^nd, initial end rounded, 

consisting of 4 to 5 whorls; chambers comparatively few, 

distinct, especially the later chambers; sutures distinct, 

usually depressed toward the apertural end, usually darker in color than the rest of the test, broad, the basal edge 

of each chamber with numerous reentrants, which are 

apparently cut in along the suture lines; wall of last whorl 

smooth, early portion often with occasional spines, some 

specimens showing faint, longitudinal lines; aperture 

broadly oval, at apex of test. Length of holotype 0.46 

mm., diameter 0.30 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous Velasco shale 

in well samples from Hacienda El Limon, Vera Cruz, 

Mexico. It occurs also at other localities in the Velasco 

shale of Mexico.

This species is related to Bulimina tuxpamensis Cole 

but is much smaller. The sutures are more strongly 

marked and have larger reentrants cut in from them. It 

may be differentiated also by the spinose character of 

the initial portion of the test. The original description 

does not refer to these spines, but a study of the holotype 

reveals their presence. The holotype is refigured, together 

with a specimen from the Tamesi formation, Tantoyuquita, on the Rio Tamesi, Mexico.

Bulimina trihedra Cushman

Plate 20, figure 15

Bulimina trihedra Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 

Bull., vol. 10, p. 591, pi. 17, figs. 6a, b, 1926; Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 160, pi. 27, fig. 5, 1927. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 11, p. 100, pi. 15, figs. 9a, b, 1935.

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 122, pi. 51, 

fig. 17, 1946.

Test small, distinctly trihedral, angles rounded, sides 

nearly flat or slightly convex; chambers numerous, distinct, inflated, somewhat higher than broad; sutures distinct, depressed; wall smooth and polished, very finely 

perforate; aperture an elongate, oval-shaped opening with 

a slight lip, near the apex of the test. Length of holotype 

0.43 mm., diameter 0.23 mm.

The types of the species are from the Upoer Cretaceous 

Velasco shale, Hacienda El Limon, Vera Cruz, Mexico 

(M. hole Z, 105 feet, Marland Oil Company of Mexico). 

It occurs also in the Upper Cretaceous Annona chalk of 

Texas, and the middle part of the Selma chalk of Mississippi.

This species most closely resembles Bulimina reussi 

Morrow, but differs from it in its trihedral character, 

longer, more tapered test, and in its more inflated and 

more numerous chambers.

Bulimina trinitatensis Cushman and Jarvis

Plate 20, figures 16, 17

Bulimina trinitatensis Cushman and Jarvis, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 4, p. 102, pi. 14, figs. 12a, b, 1928; 

U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 14, p 44, pi. 13, figs. 

4a, b, 1932.

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 124, pi. 52, 

fig. 9,1946.

Test somewhat longer than broad, rounded in transverse section, consisting of about 5 whorls; chambers distinct, with the lower border extended into an overhanging 

plate marked on the upper side by an irregular network 

of reticulate areas, the outer angles ending in short 

spines; wall coarsely perforate, the upper part of the lastformed chamber smooth; aperture comma-shaped, usually 

near the apex of the test. Length of holofype 0.54 mm., 

diameter 0.34 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous of Lizard 

Springs, near Guayaguayare, southeastern Trinidad. It 

occurs also in a well sample from Lizard Springs and in 

the Velasco shale of Mexico.

The species is very distinct. It differs from Bulimina 

taylorensis Cushman and Parker in its larger size, more 

distinct chambers, and the definite reticulation of the wall 

of the chambers.

Bulimina spinata Cushman and Campbell

Plate 20, figure 21

Bulimina spinata Cushman and Campbell, Cushnan Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 72, pi. 11, fig. 11, 1935.

Test triserial, short and broad, rapidly enlarging from the 

acute, initial end to the greatest breadth formed by the last 

whorl; chambers distinct, strongly inflated, enlarging rapidly as 

new whorls are developed, each undercut at the base, leaving a 

distinct ridge near the lower margin; sutures distinct, depressed; 

wall of the early chambers with numerous, distinct, spinose projections running back onto the chamber wall as raised costae, 

becoming greatly reduced, and disappearing on the main body of 

the chamber, last-formed whorl of chambers with the wall smooth; 

aperture, an elongate, narrow opening, running into the base of
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA

the last-formed chamber, with a trace of a lateral tooth. Length 

0.50 mm.; diameter 0.35 mm.—Cushrnan and Campbell.

The species was described from the Upper Cretaceous 

Moreno shale, at a depth of 4500 feet in well, 1 mile 

north of Tracy, California. Similar forms are found in 

the Velasco shale of Mexico.

Bulimina laddi Cushman and Hedberg

- Plate 30, figure 5

Bulimina laddi Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab. For am.

Research Contr., vol. 17, p. 94, pi. 22, figs. 27a-c, 1941. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 124, pi. 66, 

fig. 11, 1946.

Test about three times as long as broad, fusiform, consisting 

of about three whorls, initial end tapering to a point, with a short 

but distinct spine; chambers distinct, somewhat inflated, rounded, 

increasing rapidly in height as added, those of the last-formed 

whorl in the adult making up nearly two-thirds of the ^ize of the 

test; sutures distinct, depressed; wall smooth, perforate; aperture 

narrow, elongate, with a slight lip. Length 0.50-0.55 mm. • 

diameter 0.18-0.20 mm.

This species differs from B. kickapooensis Cole in the more 

slender form, higher and narrower chambers, and pointed, spinose 

initial end.—Cushman and Hedberg.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous, upper zone 

of the Colon formation, Quebrada Mito Juan, Colombia.

Bulimina petroleana Cushman and Hedberg

Plate 30, figure 6

Bulimina petroleana Cushman and Hedberg, Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17, p. 95, pi. 22, figs. 31a-c,

1941. 

Cushman and Goudkoff, idem, vol. 20, p. 59, pi. 10, fig. 2,

1944. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 125, pi. 66,

fig. 13, 1946.

Test about 1% times as long as broad, consisting of 6-8 whorls, 

the greatest diameter above the middle formed by the last whorl 

of chambers which makes up about half the test, rapidly tapering 

to the subacute initial end which occasionally has a short spine; 

chambers distinct, inflated in the later portion, increasing rapidly 

in size as added; sutures distinct, later ones strongly depressed; 

wall of the earlier portion ornamented with numerous fine costae, 

last whorl usually smooth; aperture broadly loop-shaped. Length 

0.40-0.45 mm.; diameter 0.25 mm.

This species differs from B. arkadelphicma Cushman and Parker, 

in the more regularly tapering test, the very fine costae and the 

unornamented last whorl.—Cushman and Hedberg.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous Colon formation, Quebrada La Petrolea, Colombia. Besides occurring in both zones of the Colon formation, this species 

also occurs in the Upper Cretaceous of California.

Bulimina limbata White

Plate 20, figure 19

Bulimina limbata White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 48, pi. 5, 

figs. 9a, b, 1929.

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 124, pi. 52, 

fig. 5,1946.

Test large, triangular in transverse section, with a 

rounded apertural end, consisting of about 6 whorls; 

chambers angular, curved, with raised sutures giving the 

effect of a series of arches; sutures distinct, strongly 

raised; aperture loop-shaped, at apex of test. Length of 

figured specimen 0.84 mm., diameter 0.62 mm.

White described this species from the Upper Cretaceous 

Mendez formation, 900 meters west of Internatioral 

Petroleum Company's well Cacalilao no. 75, Mexico, and 

from the uppermost beds of the Papagallos shale. We 

have specimens also from the Velasco shale of Mexico.

Bulimina mendezensis White

Plate 20, figure 20

Bulimina mendesensis White, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 49,

pi. 5, fig. 10, 1929.

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 124, pi. 52, 

fig. 6,1946.

Test broadly oval; wall smooth, last chambers relatively large; 

characterized by a relatively large, round aperture, with a number 

of slight folds radiating from it. Height of type specimen, C.55 

mm.; greatest diameter, 0.35 mm.—White.

The species was described from the Upper Cretaceous 

Mendez shale of Mexico, where it is rare.

The type specimen has been lost, and it is impossible 

to compare the available specimens with it. We hc.ve 

material which agrees well with the figure and description, except that the folds radiating from the aperture 

are less pronounced.

Bulimina globocapitata Chapman

Plate 20, figure 18

Bulimina globocapitata Chapman, New Zealand Geol. Survey, 

Paleontology, Bull. 11, p. 38, pi. 8, figs. 16a, b, 1926.

Test minute, consisting of a sharply tapering aboral series, 

which rapidly enters into an inflated subglobular terminal series 

with typical bulimine segments. The aboral end is usually strongly 

curved or twisted to one side. Surface smooth -or polished. Length 

of holotype, 0.38 mm.; greatest width, 0.27 mm.—Chapman.

Chapman's species is from the Upper Cretaceous c.nd 

Eocene of New Zealand. We have no material that can 

be referred to it. Copies of the original figures are given 

and it seems probable that the specimen figured is an 

abnormal one.

Bulimina callahani Galloway and Morrey

Plate 20, figures 22, 23

Bulimina callahcmi Galloway and Morrey, Jour. Paleontology, vol.

5, p. 350, pi. 40, fig. 6, 1931.

Martin, Stanford Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser., Geol. Sci., vol. 3, 

no. 3, p. 9 (list), 1943.
SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY,. 1946

Bulimina cf. B. callahani Kelley, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 27, p. 8 Gist), 1943.

Test robust, ovate; apical end with an angle of about 90°; apertural end rounded; chambers 6 to 8, very little inflated, rapidly 

increasing in size as added; sutures very little depressed, not limbate; surface of apical end ornamented with numerous, small 

costae which disappear in the last two or three chambers, and 

which curve and join others; between the costae are small ridges, 

giving a reticulate or coarsely punctate appearance; the apertural 

end is smooth excepting for medium-sized punctae; aperture a 

broad and short virguline opening, rarely with short tooth. Length, 

0.31 mm.; breadth, 0.24 mm.

This species is differentiated from all other described species 

of the genus by its ornamentation. It resembles B. velascoetisis 

(Cushman) but the early portion is conical rather than pyramidal, 

the striae are stronger, reach higher but are less regular, and in 

having the cross bars between the striae.—Galloway and Morrey. 

The species was described from the "Upper Cretaceous" near Puenta Piedra, on the Rio Puscatan, 19 

kilometers south of Macuspana, Tabasco, Mexico.

We have, from a Mexican locality described as exhibiting reworked Papagallos shale, one specimen that 

is similar to a specimen in Galloway and Morrey's type 

slide. It differs in having less well denned costae and a 

more pointed initial end. It is figured, together with a 

copy of the original figure.

The species is recorded from the Eocene of California.

Bulimina tabascoensis Galloway and Morrey

Plate 20, figure 24; plate 21, figure 6

Bulimina tabascoensis Galloway and Morrey, Jour. Paleontology, 

vol. 5, p. 352, pi. 40, fig. 11, 1931.

Test robust, pyriform, apical end bluntly pointed, apertural 

end inflated; chambers six to eight, slightly inflated, rapidly 

increasing in size as added; wall thick, coarsely perforate; surface of apical end covered with about sixteen short, obscure 

costae which fade out in the last third of the test; aperture a 

broad comma-shaped opening on the inner face of the last 

chamber. Length, 0.2-0.35 mm.; breadth, 0.14-0.28. mm. Common.

This species differs from B. buchiana (D'Orbigny) in having a 

wider angle at the apical end, less regular costae, and more 

rounded apical end. It differs from B. velascoensis (Cushman) in 

not being triangular, the sutures are distinct, and the costae are 

coarser. It differs from B. callahani n. sp. in the finer but more 

regular costae, making the surface sculpture much less ornate. 

It might be considered as a variety of B. callahani.—Galloway 

and Morrey.

The species was described from the Cretaceous(?), 

near Puenta Piedra, on the Rio Puscatan, 19 kilometers 

south of Macuspana, Tabasco, Mexico. We have two 

specimens from the Velasco shale of Mexico that resemble this species. One of these is figured here and a 

copy of the original figure is also given.

Bulimina ezoensis Yokoyama

Plate 20, figure 25

Bulimina ezoensis Yokoyama, Palaeontographica, vol. 36, p. 190, 

pi. 24, figs. 5a-c, 1890.

Test broadly fusiform, rounded at both ends, rounded in 

transverse section; chambers of last-formed whorl inflated, the 2 last-formed making up the greater part of 

the test, sharply separated by deep sutures, covering about 

two-thirds of the preceding chambers; Epertural face 

oval, with a comma-shaped aperture; vail polished. 

Length of largest specimen 1.60 mm.

A summary of Yokoyama's description is given. The 

species was described from the "Cretaceous" of Poronai 

and Ezo, Japan. As there is no typical material available 

it is impossible to verify the age.

Bulimina schwageri Yokoyama

Plate 20, figures 26-28

Bulimina schwageri Yokoyama, Palaeontograplr^a, vol. 36, p. 

190, pi. 24, figs. 6a, b, 7a, b, 8a, b, 1890.

Test elongate, cylindrical, rounded at the sides, the 

smaller chambers giving an irregular appearance; early 

chambers rounded, inflated, increasing rapidly, later ones 

uniform, in 2 rows about the elongate axis; sutures 

deeply excavated; aperture oblique, comma-shaped, in a 

depression of the high, semicircular apertural face.

A summary of Yokoyama's description of the species 

from the "Cretaceous" of Ezo and Poronai, Japan, is 

given. The age is questionable, but a lack of topotype 

material makes it impossible to verify it. The species 

appears to be identical with Bulimina elongata D'Orbigny.

Bulimina baccata Yokoyama

Plate 20, figure 29

Bulimina baccata Yokoyama, Palaeontographica, vol. 36, p. 190, 

pi. 24, figs. 9a-c, 1890.

Test an elongate oval spiral, increasing rapidly in size 

from the early stage to the later rounded chambers, which 

appear to be sharply separated by the deeply depressed 

sutures; apertural face semicircular, the aperture, in the 

specimens examined, not clearly defined. Bulimina baccata 

may be distinguished from previously described species 

by its more inflated chambers and their more rapid increase in size.

A summary of Yokoyama's original description is 

given. The species was described from the "Cretaceous" 

of Ezo, Japan. There is some question as to whether the 

material is actually Cretaceous or not, but as we have 

no material a definite decision cannot be made.

Bulimina capitata Yokoyama

Plate 20, figure 30

Bulimina capitata Yokoyama, Palaeontographica. vol. 36, p. 190, 

pi. 24, fig. 10, 1890.

Test with nearly spherical chambers distinguished 

from previously described Buliminas by the rapidly taper-
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 80

ing initial end, the large size of the last-formed chamber, 

which makes up a large proportion of the test, and the 

triangular shape of the test. The test is characteristically 

curving, the later chambers increasing rapidly in size, 

but not to the extent seen in Bulimina baccata Yokoyama. 

The apertural face is large, semicircular, and obliquely 

placed, but the aperture itself was not observed. Length 

0.26 mm.

This is a summary of Yokoyama's description of a 

form from the "Cretaceous" of Ezo and Poronai, Japan. 

Lack of material makes a definite determination of age 

impossible.

Bulimina polymorphinoides Yokoyama

Plate 20, figure 31

Bulimina polymorphinoides Yokoyama, Palaeontographica, vol. 

36, p. 191, pi. 24, fig. 11, 1890.

Test broadly fusiform, both ends bluntly pointed, resembling in general a narrow, Polytnorphina-like form, 

distinguished from Bulimina capitata by the lateral position of the broadly elongate chambers, the pointed upper 

end, and the aperture which broadens at the lower end. 

This form has a rounded transverse section, a polished 

wall, and consists of very rapidly increasing, inflated, 

elongate, oval chambers, the last 2 making up the greater 

part of the test. The sutures are indistinct in the early 

stages, more distinct in the later portion. The aperture is 

small and comma-shaped. Length 0.15 to 0.25 mm.

Yokoyama's description of the species from the "Cretaceous" of Ezo, Japan is summarized. Lack of material 

makes it impossible to check the age, which is questionable.

Bulimina truncana Giimbel

Plate 21, figures 7, 8

Bulimina truncana Giimbel, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss. Abh., cl. 2, vol.

10, p. 644, pi. 2, figs. 77a, b, .1870. 

Hantken, K. ungar. geol. Anstalt. Mitt. Jahrb., vol. 4, p. 61,

pi. 7, fig. 5, 1881. 

Protescu, Soc. Nat. Roumania, Pub. 11, p. 26, pi. 4, figs.

11-13, 1932. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 13, p. 66, pi. 9, fig. 3, 1937. 

Colom, Inst. Invest. Geol., Num. 2 Estudios Geologicos, p.

70, pi. 4, figs. 83, 84, 1945.

fBulimina rostrata Cushman (not H. B. Brady), Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 5, p. 94, pi. 13, fig. 32, 1929. 

Bulimina corrugata Cushman (not Cushman and Siegfus), Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 15, p. 64, 1939.

Test small, about 1% times as long as broad, very 

rapidly tapering to the acute, initial end, somewhat triangular in transverse section, apertural end obliquely 

truncate; chambers indistinct, little if at all inflated, 

regularly triserial; sutures indistinct; wall ornamented

by 10 to 12 longitudinal, acute costae, running from the 

initial end to the base of the smooth, last-formed 

chamber, independent of the sutures and chambers; ap~rture broadly loop-shaped, with a slight lip. Length up to 

0.40 mm., diameter up to 0.20 mm.

The types are from the Eocene of Hammer, Bavaria. 

The species is found in the Clavulina ssaboi beds of 

Hantken, near Budapest, Hungary. We have specimens 

from the Eocene of Biarritz, France which are somewhat 

larger and more slender than the typical. It occurs in 

the Eocene of the Atlantis cores 12-36 and 21-38 taken 

off the eastern coast of the United States. The specimens 

in the former have been recorded as Bulimina corrugata 

Cushman and Siegfus.

A comparison of this species with Bulimina alasanensis 

Cushman is given under the latter species.

Bulimina truncana Giimbel var. angusta Grzybowski

Bulimina truncana Giimbel var. angusta Grzybowski, Akad. umi°j., 

Wydz. Mat-Przyr., Rozpr. vol. 9, p. 189, pi. 2, fig. 11 [pi. 

1 in text], Krakow, 1894.

The types of the variety are from the Eocene? of 

Dukla, Hungary. The figures are so poor that a posit've 

identification is impossible. It is impossible even to state 

definitely to what genus they should be referred, although the character of the aperture and the arrangement of the chambers are apparently not bulimine.

Bulimina truncana Giimbel var. denticulata Protescu

Bulvmina truncana Giimbel var. denticulata Protescu, Soc. Nat. 

Roumania, Pub. 11, p. 26, pi. 4, fig. 16, 1932.

In addition to our examples of Buliinina truncana Giimbe 1 a 

few specimens are found which differ from the typical by the 

larger, shorter test, formed of more inflated chambers, ornamented with longitudinal costae which stop halfway up the test 

and are terminated at the bottom by spines.—Protescu (translated) .

The types, of the variety are from the Eocene of the 

Tintea region (District Prahova), Roumania. We have 

no material referable to it. The figure given is almost 

unrecognizable.

Bulimina simplex Terquem

Plate 21, figure 9

Bulimina simplex Terquem, Soc. geol. France Mem., ser. 3, vol.

2, p. 109, pi. 11(19), figs. 23, (24?), 1882. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Con'r.,

vol. 13, p. 67, pi. 9, fig. 4, 1937. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 21, p. 17, pi. 4, fig. 5, 1945.

Test of medium size, elongate, tapering from the acute 

initial end to the greatest breadth at the last-form?d 

whorl, about 2% times as long as broad, consisting of 5 

or 6 whorls in the adult; chambers distinct, inflated,
90 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

regularly triserial, increasing rather uniformly in size as 

added; sutures distinct, depressed; wall smooth, very 

finely perforate ;• aperture large, somewhat quadrate, with 

a slight tooth and a slight, but definite, lip, in a distinct 

depression of the apertural face. Length of Terquem's 

figured specimens 0.29 mm., 0.30 mm.; diameter 0.14 mm., 

0.18 mm.. Length of our specimens 0.30 to 0.40 mm., 

diameter 0.13 to 0.17 mm.

The types of the species are from the Eocene of the 

Paris Basin at Vaudancourt. We have specimens from 

various localities of the Paris Basin. The figured specimens are from Cuise La Motte. Specimens that appear 

identical were found in the Eocene Lisbon formation of 

Monroe Co., Alabama.

The form is very close to Bulimina elongata D'Orbigny 

but differs from it in the regular triserial arrangement 

of the chambers, the broader aperture, and in the shape 

of the test, which is usually more tapering, with a broader 

apertural end. The two species both occur in the Eocene 

of the Paris Basin but are easily differentiated by the 

above characteristics.

Bulimina longiscata Terquem

Plate 21, figures 10, 11

Bulimina longiscata Terquem, Soc. geol. France Mem., ser. 3, vol.

2, p. 109, pi. 11(19), figs. 25, 26, 1882.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 13, p. 72, 1937.

Test elongate, straight, slightly conical, rounded at the ends, 

with subparallel sides, consisting of 5 indistinct whorls; chambers 

short, inflated; aperture funnel-shaped. Length of figured specimens 2.00 mm., 0.58 mm.; diameter 0.54 mm., 0.16 mm.—Terquem 

(translated).

The types are from the Eocene of the Paris Basin at 

Vaudancourt. We have no typical material.

TerquemV description of the aperture as "funnelshaped" suggests that the form may belong to the Uvigerina group. Terquem's figures are reproduced here.

Bulimina obscura Terquem

Plate 21, figure 12

Bulimina obscura Terquem, Soc. geol. France Mem., ser. 3, vol.

2, p. Ill, pi. 11(19), figs. 32a, b, 1882.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 13, p. 72, 1937.

Test conical, smooth, subangular at the bottom, wider at the 

top, all the whorls and chambers indistinct, the last 4 chambers 

rounded on the top; aperture round, very small, in a round depression without a definite edge. Length 0.61 mm., diameter 0.44 

mm.—Terquem (translated).

The types are from the Eocene of the Paris Basin at 

Vaudancourt. We have no material referable to the 

species.

It seems doubtful if this species belongs to the genus 

Bulimina. Terquem's figures are reproduced.

Bulimina oviformis Terquem

Plate 21, figure 13

Bulimina oviformis Terquem, Soc. geol. France Mem., ser. 3, vol.

2, p. 112, pi. 12(20), fig. 3, 1882.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 13, p. 72, 1937.

Test regularly oval, rounded at the top, narrcw and obtuse 

at the bottom, composed, of 4 whorls with non-infkted chambers; 

chambers curved; sutures filiform, indistinct; ape~ture an elongate slit, placed in a cavity at the front. Length 0.64 mm.; 

diameter 0.36 mm.—Terquem (translated).

The types are from the Eocene of the Paris 'Basin at 

Septeuil. We have no material referable to the species. 

Terquem's figure is reproduced.

Bulimina glanduliformis Terquem

Plate 21, figure 15

Bulimina glanduliformis Terquem, Soc. geol. France Mem., ser. 3,

vol. 2, p. 113, pi. 12(20), fig. 4, 1882.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 13, p. 72, 1937.

Test oval, glandular in shape, equally roundec1 at the ends, 

curved on the sides, polished, translucent, consisting of indistinct 

whorls; chambers smooth, curved, the 2 chambe-s surrounding 

the aperture slightly projecting at the top; aperture linear, in a 

depression which is oval at the top and pointed at the bottom, 

placed in the middle of the front side of the test. Length 0.48 

mm.; diameter 0.21 mm.—Terquem (translated).

The types are from the Eocene of the Paris Basin at 

Septeuil.

The figure given by Terquem is reproduced, though it 

is poor and obviously inaccurate.

Bulimina splendens Terquem

Plate 21, figure 14

Bulimina splendens Terquem, Soc. geol. France Mem., ser. 3, vol.

2, p. 117, pi. 12(20), fig. 20, 1882.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 13, p. 73, 1937.

Test incomplete, elongate, white, polished, translucent, ornamented with very fine, numerous perforations, rounded at the 

top, with straight sides, composed of projecting, oval chambers; 

aperture quadrate, in an oblique depression, ovally pointed, placed 

at the front of the apertural face. Length 0.42 mm.; diameter 

0.16 mm.—Terquem (translated).

The types are from the Eocene of the Paris Basin at 

Septeuil.

The single specimen described by Terqu°m is inadequate for definite identification. His figure is reproduced.

Bulimina decorata Terquem

Plate,21, figure 16

decorata Terquem, Soc. geol. France Mem., ser. 3, vol. 

2, p. 117, pi. 12(20), fig. 22, 1882.
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 91

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 13, p. 73, 1937.

Test regularly oval, rounded at the top and obtuse at the bottom, curved on the sides, ornamented by fine, curved costae, consisting of indistinct whorls; chambers inflated, projecting, depressed, irregularly arranged; aperture rounded, placed between 

two chambers. Length 0.54 mm.; diameter 0.35 mm.—Terquem 

(translated).

The types are from the Eocene of the Paris Basin at 

Septeuil. We have no typical material. •

It is possible that the form is a variation of Bulimina 

tenuistriata Terquem. His figure is reproduced.

Bulimina tenuistriata Terquem

Plate 21, figure 17

Bulimina tenuistriata Terquem, Soc. geol. France Mem., ser. 3,

vol. 2, p. 118, pi. 12(20), figs. 24, 25, 1882. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 13, p. 70, pi. 10, figs. 6a-c, 1937.

Test of medium size, tapering, the initial end subacute 

or slightly rounded, apertural end broadly truncate, about 

ll/2 times as long as broad; chambers in early portion 

indistinct and slightly inflated, in later one" distinct, more 

inflated; sutures, except in the later portion, indistinct, 

slightly depressed in the later portion; wall ornamented 

by fine lines or ridges, usually parallel to the middle 

longitudinal line of the chamber, those of each chamber 

distinct from adjacent ones; aperture small, in a distinct 

depression of the apertural end of the test. Length of 

Terquem's figured specimens 0.50 mm., 0.54 mm.; diameter 0.35 mm., 0.36 mm. Length of our specimens 0.34 

to 0.45 mm., diameter 0.20 to 0.30 mm.

The types are from the Eocene of the Paris Basin at 

Vaudancourt. We have specimens from several localities in the Paris Basin.

The species bears no close resemblance to any other. 

Some of the characteristics approach Buliminella, namely 

the four-chambered whorl and the character of the aperture, but the complete absence of a spiral suture makes 

it inadvisable to place it in that genus.

Bulimina trigona Terquem

Plate 21, figure 18

Bulimina trigona Terquem, Soc. geol. France Mem., ser. 3, vol. 2,

p. 110, pi. 11(19), figs. 28, 29, 1882.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 13, p. 67, pi. 9, fig. 5, 1937.

Cushman and Todd, idem, Contr., vol. 21, p. 17, pi. 4, fig. 

6, 1945.

Test nearly twice as long as broad, regularly triserial, 

rather regularly tapering from the subacute initial end 

to the greatest breadth formed by the last 2 chambers, 

periphery rounded; chambers distinct, inflated, increasing 

rapidly in height and size as added, the last whorl in

front view making up nearly the whole surface of the 

test; sutures distinct, depressed; wall smooth; aperture a 

rounded opening, somewhat longer than broad, with a 

slight lip, narrowest at the base of the apertural face. 

Length 0.42 to 0.58 mm., diameter 0.28 to 0.35 mm.

The types are from the Eocene of the Paris Basin at 

Vaudancourt. We have specimens from Vaudancourt and 

Beauves which agree in size and character with Terquem's species, with the exception of the aperture, which, 

in his figure, is quite obviously inaccurately drawn. The 

species occurs in the Eocene Lisbon formation of Morroe 

Co., Alabama.

The rapidly tapering test, the regularly arranged 

chambers, and the large proportion of the test occupied 

by the last whorl differentiate this form.

Bulimina bellardii Hantken

Bulimina bellardii Hantken, Ertek. Termesz. korebol, vol. 13, 

p. 27, pi. 2, figs. 2a, b, 1883; Math. Naturwiss. Ber. Ungarn., vol. 2, p. 148, 1884.

The species was described from the Eocene, Clavuttna 

szaboi beds of Hungary. We have no typical material.

Bulimina. "minuta Hantken"

Bulimina minuta Hantken (not Marsson), Ertek. Termesz. 

korebol., vol. 13, p. 28, pi. 1, figs. 6a, b, 1883; Math. 

Naturwiss. Ber. Ungarn., vol. 2, p. 148, 1884

Hantken figures this species from the Eocene Clavulma 

szaboi beds of Hungary. We have no material referable 

to it. The name is a homonyn of B. minuta (Marsson) 

1878, but it does not seem desirable to replace it now.

Bulimina selseyensis Heron-Alien and Earland

Plate 21, figures 19, 20

Bulimina selseyensis Heron-Alien and Earland, Royal Micr. Soc. 

Jour., 1911, p. 313, pi. 10, figs. 1, 2.

The authors describe this species as similar to Uvigerina selseyensis but state that it has the Bulimma 

type of aperture and a broader, stouter test, consisting 

of "four or five convolutions of heart-shaped chambers 

arranged around a spiral axis," and that it has deeply 

undercut sutural lines. The length is given as 0.25 mm., 

diameter 0.20 mm. ("nearly").

The species is described from shore-sands of Se1 sey 

Bill, England, and as Eocene in age. We have no material 

referable to it.

The structure of the test seems to be entirely uvige~ine 

with the exception of the aperture.

Bulimina versa Cushman and Parker

Plate 21, figures 21, 22

Bulimina versa Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, p. 47, pi. 8, figs. 15a-c, 16a-c, 1940.
92 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Test small, triangular in transverse section, with 

rounded angles and slightly concave sides, somewhat 

twisted about the vertical axis, with a small, well developed, basal spine; chambers distinct, somewhat inflated;- sutures distinct, depressed; wall of first half of 

test very finely costate, latter half coarsely perforate, 

almost punctate in appearance; aperture small, loopshaped, at apex of test. Length 0.25 to 0.30 mm., diameter 

0.12 to 0.15 mm.

The types are from Eocene, Montian, Les Moulineaux, 

Department of Seine, France. The species is not known 

elsewhere.

The triangular character of the test, the finely costate 

initial end, and the basal spine make it easy to recognize 

this form.

Bulimina eccentrica Cushman and Parker

Plate 21, figure 23

Bulimina eccentrica Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 16, p. 46, pi. 8, figs. 12a-c, 1940.

Test of medium size, slightly less than twice as long as 

broad, tapering, with the widest portion at the middle of 

the last-formed whorl, initial end bluntly rounded, consisting of 4 whorls, the last-formed whorl making up at 

least % of the test; chambers distinct, those of early 

whorls not inflated, the last whorl very much inflated, so 

the sudden increase in diameter between the early 

whorls and the last is very marked; sutures distinct, 

those of last whorl depressed; wall smooth, rather coarsely perforate; aperture large, broadly loop-shaped. Length 

of holotype 0.65 mm., diameter 0.25 mm.

The types of this species are from the Eocene, Calcaire 

Grossier inferieur, St. Felice, Department of Oise, 

France. It occurs at many localities in the Paris Basin 

Eocene.

The species is easily differentiated from others by the 

sudden inflation of the last-formed whorl.

Bulimina thanetensis Cushman and Parker, n.sp.

Plate 21, figure 26

Test long, slender, slightly tapering, initial portion 

somewhat angled with rounded angles, consisting of 6 

to 8 whorls of regularly arranged chambers, test somewhat twisted on its elongate axis; chambers distinct, 

angled, very slightly inflated; sutures distinct, slightly 

depressed; wall transculent, coarsely perforate; aperture 

elongate, narrow, at the apex of the test. Length up to 

0.43 mm., diameter up to 0.25 mm.

Holotype (Cushman coll. no. 35855) from the Eocene, 

Thanet beds, Pegwell Bay, England. Besides the type 

locality we have one specimen from the Eocene of 

Gotzreuther Graben, Germany.

The species is much more elongate and slender than 

Bulimina tuberculata Egger, is more rounded in transverse section, has less globular chambers, and a smaller 

aperture on the smaller, more narrow apertural end. 

The wall, though coarsely perforate, does not have the 

punctate character of Egger's species.

Bulimina arkadelphiana Cushman and Parker 

var. midwayensis Cushman and Parker

Plate 21, figures 24, 25

Bulimina arkadelphiana Cushman and Parker var. midwayensis 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 12, p. 42, pi. 7, figs. 9, 10, 1936. 

Cole, Florida Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 16, p. 32 (list), pi. 1,

fig. 14, 1938. 

Kline, Mississippi Geol. Survey.Bull. 53, p. -17, pi. 7, fig. 9,

1943.

Bulimina aculcata Plummer (not D'Orbigny), Univ. Texas Bull. 

2644, p. 73, pi. 4, fig. 3, 1927.

This variety differs from the typical form in the more 

inflated and higher last-formed whorl, and in the presence 

of a basal spine.

The types are from the Paleocene Midway formation, 

road cut south of Reservoir, 31/o miles southeast of 

Corsicana, Texas. The species is found at several localities in the Midway formation.

Bulimina cacumenata Cushman and F^rker

Plate 21, figure 27

Bulimina cacumenata Cushman and Parker, Cushmrn Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 40, pi. 7, figs. 3s-c, 1936. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, vol. 18, p. 37, 1942. 

Kline, Mississippi Geol. Survey Bull. 53, p. 47, pi. 7, fig. 8,

1943. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 22., p. 59, pi. 10, fig. 20, 1946.

Bulimina cf. cacumenafa Cushman, idem, Special Pub. 16, p. 23, 

pi. 5, fig. 3r 1946.

Test small, somewhat fusiform, greatest width slightly 

above the middle, gradually tapering to a long, subacute 

point, consisting of 6 to 7 whorls; chambers arranged in 

a slightly twisted series, those of adjacent series meeting 

in a zigzag line, those of the last whorl somewhat inflated; sutures distinct in the upper part, obscure in the 

lower part of the test, very slightly depressed; wall, 

except for the last whorl and occasionally for the next to 

the last, covered with irregular, low, closely set costae, 

last whorl smooth, coarsely perforate; aperture loopshaped, with a slight lip. Length 0.20 to 0.23 mm., diameter 0.10 to 0.11 mm.

The types of the species are from the Paleocene Midway formation, 3 miles above bridge over Cedar Creek, 

on Austin-Red Rock road, Bastrop County, Texas. We 

have specimens also from the Eocene, Pit in San Mateo,
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 93

Santa Elena, Ecuador. It has also been recorded from 

the Paleocene Naheola formation of Alabama.

This species differs from Bulimina semicostata Nuttall 

in the much smaller, narrow test, the more inflated chambers, and -in the shape of the chambers, which are distinctly angled. It is much smaller and more coarsely 

costate than B. microcostata Cushman and Parker.

Bulimina kugleri Cushman and Renz

Plate 30, figure 13

Bulimina kugleri Cushman and Renz, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 18, p. 9, pi. 2, figs. 9a-c, 1942.

Test elongate, fusiform, about twice as long as broad, greatest 

breadth at about the middle; chambers distinct, slightly inflated, 

elongate; sutures distinct, very slightly depressed; wall smooth; 

aperture a high, arched, slightly curved opening at the base of 

the inner margin of the last-formed chamber. Length of holotype 

0.50 mm.; diameter 0.23 mm.

Our species differs from B. quadrata Plummer in the more 

distinctly fusiform shape, siibacute at the ends; and the high, 

curved aperture.—Cushman and Renz.

The types of this species are from- the Paleocene of 

Soldado Rock, Trinidad.

Bulimina semicostata Nuttall

Plate 21, figures 28, 29

Bulimina semicostata Nuttall, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 4, pp. 274,

285, pi. 23, figs. 15, 16, 1930. 

Parker and Bermudez, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 11, p. 513,

plt 58, figs. 3a-c, 1937." 

Bermudez, Soc. cubana historia nat. Mem., vol. 11, p. 342,

1937. 

Renz, 8th Am. Sci. Congress Proc., p. 537 (list), 1942.

Test of medium size, fusiform, 2 or more times as 

long as broad, initial end pointed, consisting of about 5 

whorls; chambers indistinct except for those of last 

whorl; sutures indistinct except for last whorl, very 

slightly depressed; wall, except for last whorl, covered 

with fine, low, irregular costae, last whorl smooth, perforate ; aperture loop-shaped, with a slight lip. Length 

0.40 to 0.60 mm., diameter 0.28 to 0.32 mm.

The types of the species are from the Eocene Aragon 

formation of Mexico, Grimsdale 409 (Francia-Aragon), 

720 meters S. 70° W. of La Antigua. Nuttall also describes 

it as being frequent in the Chapapote formation and 

rare in the Guayabal. Besides Nuttall's localities it has 

been reported from the Eocene of Cuba and Trinidad. 

A similar form occurs in the Eocene material of the 

Atlantis core 21-38, taken off the eastern-coast of North 

America.

This species differs from Bulimina cacumenata Cushman and Parker in its much larger size. It differs from 

B. jarvisi Cushman and Parker in being smaller, more 

fusiform, less triangular in transverse section, and in

having less inflated and less globular chambers that are 

somewhat more angled.

Bulimina semicostata Nuttall var. crassicosta 

Parker and Bermudez

Plate 22, figure 1

Bulimina semicostata Nuttall var. crassicosta Parker and Bermudez, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 11, p. 513, pi. 58, figs. 4a-c, 

1937.

Bermudez, Soc. cubana historia nat. Mem., vol. 11, p. 342, 

1937.

Variety differing from the typical form in its larger 

size and the presence of fewer, heavier costae. Length 

0,44 to 0.80 mm., diameter 0.24 to 0.38 mm.

The types are from the Eocene Alturas de Almendares 

quarry, Havana, Cuba. The variety is known only from 

the Eocene of Cuba.

Bulimina corrugata Cushman and Siegfus

Plate 22, figure 2

Bulimina corrugata Cushman and Siegfus, Cushman Lab. Fo'am.

Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 92, pi. 14, figs. 7a, b, 1935. 

Cushman, idem, vol. 15, p. 64, 1939. 

Cushman and Siegfus, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans.,

vol. 9, no. 34, p. 411, pi. 16, figs. 38a, b, 1942. 

Curran, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 27, pp.

1378, 1381 (lists), 1943. 

Weaver, Washington Univ. [Seattle] Pub. in Geology, vol. 6,

no. 1, p. 23 (list), 1944.

Test elongate, slightly tapering, fusiform, greatest 

breadth above the middle, somewhat triangular in transverse section, angles bluntly rounded; chambers indistinct except for the last 3 which are somewhat inflated, 

rather low, and only slightly overlapping; sutures indistinct except in the later portion, where they are depressed ; wall covered by longitudinal costae, which are 

high and sharp, running from the initial end to the base 

of the last-formed chamber, continuous over the sutures; 

last-formed chamber smooth, distinctly perforate; aperture a rather broad, elongate opening, slightly, if at all, 

curved, with a slight lip. Length 0.35 to 0.45 mm., diameter 0.25 mm.

The types of the species are from the Eocene Kreyenhagen shale, Lower Garza Creek, California, 573 feet 

below the top of the Kreyenhegen. Besides the type 

locality it occurs at Gaviota Canyon, Sant^ Barbara 

County, California, about 400 feet stratigraphicaUy below 

the top of a massive sandstone bed carrying Turritella 

variata Conrad and other California localities. It also 

occurs in Eocene material from one of the Atlantis cqres.

This species most closely resembles Bulimina rost-fata 

H. B. Brady but differs from it in having a bluntly 

rounded initial end and a more flattened, less pointed 

apertural end.
94 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Bulimina bradyi Weinzierl and Applin

Plate 22, figure 3

Bulimina bradyi Weinzierl and Applin, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 

3, p. 404, pi. 43, fig. 7, 1929.

fBulimina cf. B. sculptilis Cushman and McMasters, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 10, p. 513, pi. 75, figs. 27a, b, 1936.

Test of medium size, 1% times as long as broad, tapering fairly rapidly from the widest point approximately 

one-fifth of the distance from the top of the test, consisting 

of about 6 whorls; chambers distinct, slightly inflated, 

those of last whorl composing about three-fifths of the 

test; sutures distinct, very slightly depressed, showing as 

dark lines; wall ornamented by 10, low, regular, platelike costae which extend from the initial end to halfway 

up the last-formed whorl, finely perforate; aperture loopshaped, with a distinct lip. Length of holotype 0.44 mm., 

diameter 0.32 mm.

The types of the species are from the Eocene Claiborne 

group, Rio Bravo Oil Company's well, Deussen B. 1, 

4010 feet, South Liberty Dome, Liberty County, Texas. 

The form recorded by Cushman and McMasters from 

the Eocene Llajas formation, Ventura County, California, 

is tentatively placed here.

The species differs from Bulimina jacksonensis Cushman in having a larger number of lower, more regular 

costae. It is much smaller and more tapering than B. 

sculptilis Cushman, though it seems possible that it might 

represent an immature specimen of the latter species. The 

form has been described from the holotype, which is 

the only specimen we have definitely referable to the 

species. It is refigured here.

Bulimina mauricensis Howe

Plate 22, figure 4

Bulimina mauricensis Howe, Louisiana Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 

14, p. 62, pi. 8, figs. 29, 30, 1939.

Test short-fusiform, pointed at both ends, broadest in the 

middle, composed of a few elongate, somewhat inflated chambers, 

smooth; sutures depressed; aperture an oblique slit, subterminal, 

with a tendency to form a lip on either side of the slit.—Howe.

Length of holotype 0.40 mm., diameter 0.20 mm.

The types are from the Eocene Cook Mountain formation, St. Maurice, Winn Parish, Louisiana. We have 

no typical material.

The species seems to bear a close resemblance to Bulimina ovata D'Orbigny, which occurs in the Jackson formation.

Bulimina winniana Howe

Plate 22, figure 5

Bulimina winniatia Howe, Louisiana Dept. -Cons. Geol. Bull. 14, 

p. 64, pi. 8, fig. 31, 1939.

Bulimina ovata Cole and Gillespie (not D'Orbigny), Bull. Am.

Paleontology, vol. 15, no. 57b, p. 10(132), pi 2, fig. 5, 1930. 

?Bulimina pyrula Ellisor (not D'Orbigny), Am. .Assoc. Petroleum

Geologists Bull., vol. 17, pi. 3, fig. 2, 1933.

Test small, ovate, broadest below the middle, with a short, 

broad initial end and a more tapering apertural end; composed 

of a few smooth chambers; wall thin, perforate; aperture a high 

slit extending into the apertural face from the base of the last 

chamber.—Howe.

Length of holotype 0.33 mm., diameter 0.20 mm.

The types are from the Eocene Cook Mountain formation sample no 37, St. Maurice, Winn Parish, Louisiana. The species occurs, questionably, in the Eocene 

Jackson formation of Texas. It occurs in the Oligocene 

Meson formation of Mexico, and similar fo^ms are found 

in the Red Bluff clay at Hiwannee, Mississippi.

Howe differentiates this form from Bulimina guayabalensis Cole and separates the Guayabil specimens 

entirely. He describes the latter as being more elongate, 

with the chambers tending to be added at greater distances from the initial end. We have, however, specimens 

from the Guayabal formation referable to both species. 

B. winniana is smaller, more fusiform, and has fewer, 

more ovate chambers.

Bulimina curtissima Cushman and Siegfus

Plate 22, figure 6

Bulimina, curtissima Cushman and Siegfus, Cushtr'an Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 93, pi. 14, firs. 9a, b, 1935; 

San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. Trans., vol. 9, p. 412, pi. 17, 

figs. 2a, b, 1942.

Test short and broad, only slightly longer than broad, 

fusiform in front view, greatest breadth somewhat below 

the middle, thence tapering to either end, in:tial end acute 

and spinose; chambers comparatively few, strongly inflated, increasing rapidly in size as added, the last whorl 

making a very large part of the surface of tH test, greatly 

overlapping; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall ornamented, at the base of the chambers, by a few, short 

spines, otherwise smooth, finely perforate; aperture 

elongate, slightly curved, with a slight lip. Length 0.30 

to 0.35 mm., diameter 0.22 to 0.25 mm.

The species was described from the Eo°.ene Kreyenhagen shale, Upper Garza Creek, California, 83 feet below 

the top of the Kreyenhagen. It is known only from the 

type locality.

This species differs from Bulimina coopTensis Cushman in being much shorter, more fusiform, and in having 

no costae.

Bulimina garzaensis Cushman and Siegfus

Plate 22, figure 7

Bulimitia garsaensis Cushman and Siegfus, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr.. vol. 11, p. 93, pi. 14, figs, fa, b, 1935; San
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 95

Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. Trans., vol. 9, no. 34, p. 412, pi. 17, 

figs, la, b, 1942.

Test fusiform, greatest breadth above the middle, nearly circular 

in transverse section, initial end subacute or acute with a short 

spine, apertural end usually somewhat truncately rounded; chambers fairly distinct, especially toward the apertural end where they 

are inflated; sutures of the earlier portion indistinct, later somewhat 

depressed; wall except for the last whorl of chambers ornamented 

by longitudinal costae which are largely confined to the individual 

chamber to form an irregular reticulate pattern of variously 

shaped, depressed areas; aperture somewhat longer than broad, 

slightly curved, with a raised lip. Length 0.50-1.00 mm.; diameter 

0.30-0.65 mm.—Cushman and Siegfus.

The types are from the Eocene Kreyenhagen shale, 

Garza Creek, California. We have no other material 

referable to the species.

A study of the type specimens shows that the holotype differs considerably from the paratypes. The latter 

have been referred to Bulimina consanguinea Parker and 

Bermudez. The holotype bears considerable resemblance 

to Bulimina cormgata Cushman and Siegfus but has a 

thicker-walled test with heavier, more irregular costae.

Bulimina adamsi Cushman and Parker

Plate 22, figure 8

Bulimina adamsi Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr.. vol. 12, p. 41, pi. 7, figs. 6a-c, 1936. 

Kelley, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 27, p. 11 

(list), 1943.

Test small, triangular in transverse section, the angles 

truncated, not more than li/o times as long as broad, consisting of about 5 whorls; chambers somewhat obscured 

by the surface ornamentation, adjacent series meeting 

in a very sharply angled, zigzag line; sutures depressed 

except at the initial end; wall ornamented with 3 irregular, elongate costae at each corner of the triangular test, 

extending 'the whole length, the flat sides of the test 

ornamented with irregular costae, giving a reticulate appearance, coarsely perforate; aperture loop-shaped, with 

a distinct lip, placed on the flattened top of the test. 

Length 0.24 to 0.34 mm., width of one side 0.20 to 0.24 

mm.

The types of the species are from the Eocene, 225 

feet stratigraphically below the Domengine sandstone, Oil 

Canyon, just east of Oil City, Fresno County, California. 

It has also been recorded from the Eocene of Santa 

Barbara County, California.

The species differs from BuUniina tntncana Gumbel 

and B. rosirata H. B. Brady in the triangular shape of 

the test and the irregular reticulation of the costae.

Bulimina microcostata Cushman and Parker

Plate 22, figure 9

Bulimina microcostata Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 39, pi. 7, figs. 2a-c, 

1936.

LeRoy, Natuurk. tijdschr. Ned. Indie, vol. 99, pt. 6, p. 244,

pi. 1, figs. 20, 21, 1939. 

Kelley, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 27, p.

11 (list), 1943. 

fBulimin-a cf. B. semicostata Church (not Nuttall), Mining in

California, vol. 27, pi. B, fig. 4(5, 6?), 1931.

Test of medium size, more than twice as long as broad, 

consisting of 6 to 8 whorls, the last-formed whorl forming 

y3 or more of the test; chambers toward the initial end 

increasingly narrow, arranged in series with a slight offset 

twist and with the adjacent series joined in a zigzag 

line, very slightly inflated; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall of the lower part of the test covered vith 

very fine costae, the upper part smooth, finely pe^forate; aperture a long narrow, loop-shaped opening, with a 

slight lip. Length 0.34 to 0.48 mm., diameter 0.1S to 

0.24 mm.

The types are from the Eocene Kreyenhagen shale, NE 

14 sec. 2, T. 1 N., R. 1 E., M.D.M., in center of exposure 

in abandoned shale quarry, 1^ miles northeast of Sommersville, Contra Costa County, California. It has also 

been recorded from Santa Barbara County, California 

and from the Miocene of Sumatra.

This species differs from Bulimina semicostata Nuttall 

in having finer costae and more numerous chambers that 

are arranged in series, are more inflated, and narrower. 

It differs from B. cacumenata Cushman and Parker in 

its much greater size, more inflated chambers, more uniform width, and finer costae.

Bulimina lirata Cushman and Parker

Plate 22, figure 10

Bulimina lirata Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 43, pi. 8, figs. 2a-c, 1936.

Curran, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 27, pp. 

1378, 1381 (lists), 1943.

Kelley, idem, vol. 27, p. 11 (list), 1943.

Martin, Stanford Univ. PubL.^Univ. Ser., Geol. Sci., vcl. 3, 

no. 3, p. 9 (list), 1943.

Cushman and Simonson, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 198,

pi. 32, fig. 13, 1944.

Bulimina cf. B. lirata Cushman and Siegfus, San Diego Soc. 

Nat. History Trans., vol. 9, no. 34, p. 413, pi. 17, fig. 3, 

1942.

Test large, usually less than \y2 times as long as broad, 

rapidly tapering, consisting of 4 whorls, the last-formed 

constituting about half the test; chambers indistinct except in the last-formed whorl; last-formed chambers inflated; sutures depressed; wall of last-formed chambers 

mostly smooth, finely perforate, remainder of test coarsely 

costate, with thin, plate-like, low costae, 11 or more in 

number, sometimes extending part way onto the chambers of the last-formed whorl, continuous throughout; 

aperture loop-shaped, with a slight lip. Length of holotype 0.57 mm., diameter 0.40 mm.
96 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

The types are from the Eocene, gray clay shale, 450 

feet stratigraphically above the base of the Avenal sandstone, Coal Mine Canyon, sec. 26, T. 20 S., R. 14 E., 

M.D.M., Fresno County, California. The species is recorded from several localities in the Eocene and Oligocene 

of California.

This form differs from Bulimina instabilis Cushman 

and Parker in the shorter, broader shape of the test, less 

numerous chambers, and their somewhat different shape. 

It differs from B. jacksonensis Cushman in the shape of 

the test and the more numerous, lower costae.

Bulimina excavata Cushman and Parker

Plate 22, figure 11

Bulimina excavata Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 41, pi. 7, figs. 4a-c, 1936. 

Kelley, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 27, p. 8 

(list), 1943.

Test of medium size, somewhat triangular in transverse 

section, about ll/2 times as long as broad, consisting of 

about 5 whorls; chambers fairly distinct, inflated; sutures 

distinct, depressed, with small depressions extending from 

them upward into the chambers, usually 1 to each chamber ; wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture loop-shaped. 

Length 0.26 to 0.34* mm., diameter 0.21 to 0.22 mm.

The types are from the lower Eocene, about 3 miles 

N. 45° E. of Santa Susana, in Poison Oak Canyon, north 

of Simi Valley, Ventura County, California. They are 

found 2710 feet stratigraphically above the Cretaceous 

contact, in brown shale, mapped by Kew as the Martinez 

formation. It is also recorded from the Eocene Anita shale, 

Santa Barbara County, California.

This species resembles the Mexican Upper Cretaceous 

species Bulimina -incisa Cushman, but differs from it in 

the more angled character of the test, the depressed 

sutures, and the inflation of the chambers. It is known 

only from the type locality.

Bulimina guayabalensis Cole

Plate 22, figure 12

Bulimina guayabalensis Cole, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 14, no.

57, p. 24, pi. 1, figs. 1, 2, 1927. 

Cushman and Siegfus, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans.,

vol. 9, no. 34, p. 413, pi. 16, fig. 39, 1942. 

Bulimina sp. Cushman, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull.,

vol. 9, p. 301, pi. 7, fig. 9, 1925. 

Cushman and Applin, idem, vol. 10, p. 169, pi. 7, figs. 10, 11,

1926. 

Bulimina capitata? Cushman and Dusenbury (not Yokoyama),

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 10, p. 61, pi. 8,

figs. lOa, b, 1934. 

Kelley, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 27, p. 11

(list), 1943. 

Bulimina pupoides Nuttall (not D'Orbigny), Jour. Paleontology,

vol. 9, p. 127, pi. 14, fig. 22, 1935.

Bulimina pyrula Coryell and Embich (not D'Orbigny), idem, vol. 

11, p". 304, pi. 42, fig. 18, 1937.

Test compact, ovate, broadest near the apertural end, chambers few, large, inflated, smooth; sutures strongly depressed 

aperturally, very slightly depressed in the initial chambers; aperture long, narrow. Length 0.42 mm. Width 0.26 mm.—Cole.

The types are from the Eocene Guayabal formation of 

Mexico. Records referable to this species are given from 

the Eocene Poway conglomerate and Kreyenhagen shale 

of California; the upper Eocene of Venezuela and Panama ; the Eocene, Moctezuma River, Vera Cruz, Mexico; 

and from the Eocene Jackson formation of Texas.

Cole describes this species as differing from Bulimina 

pupoides D'Orbigny in the fewer .chambers, more compact form, and slightly different arrangement of chambers. The one topotype specimen we have seems to bear 

out this analysis. It is interesting to note that forms 

apparently identical with B. pupoides occur higher up in 

the Mexican section which makes it possible that this 

species represents the ancestral form.

Bulimina guayabalensis Cole var. ampla 

Cushman and Parker

Plate 22, figure 13

Btt-limina yuayabalensis Cole var. ampla Cushman and Parker,

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol.' 12, p. 43, pi. 8,

figs, la-c, 1936. 

Bulimina ampla Bandy, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 377, pi. 62,

figs. 8a, b, 1944. 

Bulimina cf. B. socialis Cushman and Hobson (nit Bornemann),

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 62, pi.

9, figs. 2a, b, 1935.

Variety differing from the typical form in the larger 

test, which is much broader in proportion to its width; 

and in the chambers, which are somewhat more inflated. Length 0.40 to 0.61 mm., diameter 0.30 to 0.45 mm.

The types of thfe variety are from the Eocene Kreyenhagen shale, NE y± sec. 2, T. 1 N., R. 1 E., M.D.M., 

in center of exposure in abandoned shale quarry, iy2 

miles northeast of Sommersville, Contra Costa County, 

California. It occurs also in the Oligocene San Lorenzo 

formation of California. It is recorded by Bandy from 

the Eocene of Cape Blanco, Oregon.

This form is close to Bulimina pupoides D'Orbigny 

but is shorter and broader and has few°r, somewhat 

more inflated chambers.

Bulimina bradburyi Martin

Plate 30, figure 9

Bulimina bradburyi Martin, Stanford Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser., Geol. 

Sci., vol. 3, no. 3, p. 19, pi. 6, figs. 4a, b, 1943.

Test small, triserial, tapering, greatest width at next to lastformed whorl just below'last chamber; about bnce as long as 

wide; sub-rounded in cross section; wall calcareou" smooth, finely
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA

perforate; periphery round; chambers inflated, increasing rapidly 

in size as added; sutures distinct, depressed; aperture an elongate, 

wide, comma-shaped slit extending from just below terminal edge 

of last chamber to spiral suture. Length 0.52 mm.; greatest width 

0.28' mm.

This species is similar to Bulimina prolix a Cushman and Parker 

(1935) but differs in its more compactly arranged and more inflated chambers and in its more spiral and oblique sutures.— 

Martin.

The types are from the Eocene Lodo formation of 

California.

Bulimina debilis Martin '

Plate 30, figure 10

Bulimina debilis Martin, Stanford Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser., Geol. 

Sci., vol. 3, no. 3, p. 20, pi. 6, figs, la-c, 1943.

Test small, elongate, fusiform, irregularly triserial, greatest 

width just above middle, about twice as long as broad, subcircular 

in cross section; wall calcareous, thin, smooth, hyaline, finely perforate ; slightly roughened at initial end; periphery round; chambers 

inflated, increasing rapidly in size as added, somewhat embracing; 

sutures distinct, slightly depressed; initial end of test bluntly 

pointed; ap'erture a comma-shaped opening at top of last-formed 

chamber, extending to spiral suture, bordered on inner curve by a 

raised lip. Length 0.37 mm.; greatest width 0.2 mm.

This species is similar to Bulimina ovata D'Orbigny of Cushman and Ponton (1932) but differs in being less fusiform, also 

smaller in size, and in having squarer chambers.—Martin.

The types are from the Eocene Lodo formation of 

California.

Bulimina whitei Martin

Plate 30, figure 11

Bulimina zvhitei Martin, Stanford Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser., Geol. 

Sci., vol. 3, no. 3, p. 20, pi. 6, figs. 5a, b, 1943.

Test small, tapering, triserial, greatest width across apertural 

end; cross section triangular, angles bluntly rounded; wall calcareous, hyaline, finely perforate, ornamented with low, sharp, 

longitudinal costae extending from pointed initial end about halfway up last-formed chamber; generally three to four costae along 

each blunt angle, occasionally one or more on face of each side; 

chambers increasing rapidly in size as added; sutures distinct, 

slightly depressed; aperture an elongate, elliptical, slightly depressed opening at center of inside face of last-formed chamber. 

Length 0.23 mm.; greatest width 0.17 mm.

This species is similar to Bulimina corrugata Cushman and 

Siegfus (1935) but differs in having fewer and lower costae, 

which continue to the last-formed chamber, and distinctly visible 

early chambers.—Martin.

The types are from the Eocene Lodo formation of 

California.

Bulimina jacksonensis Cushman

Plate 22, figures 14-16

Bulimina jacksonensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 1, p. 6, pi. 1, figs. 6, 7, 1925; idem, p. 65, 1925. 

Cushman and Applin, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., 

vol. 10, p. 168, pi. 7, figs. 8a, b, 1926.

Howe and Wallace, Louisiana Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 2, p. 59,

pi. 11, fig. 5, 1932. 

Ellisor, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 17, pi. 7,

fig. 5, 1933. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 181, p. 35, pi. 13,

figs. 7-9, 1935.

Nuttall, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 9, p. 127, pi. 15, fig. 1, 1935. 

PCoryell and Embich, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 11, p. 304, pi.

42, fig. 17, 1937.

Renz, 8th Am. Sci. Congress Proc., p. 541 (list), 1942. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 16,

p. 23, pi. 5, fig. 1, 1946. 

Bulimina? sp. Church, Mining in California, vol. 27, pi. B, 67-5.

2, 3, 1931.

Test elongate, tapering, the initial end acute, apertural 

end broadly rounded, in the adults somewhat contracted, 

consisting of as many as 7 or 8 whorls; chambers fairly 

distinct; sutures flush with the surface or slightly depressed; surface ornamented by 6 to 8 very prominent, 

plate-like, longitudinal costae, continuous from the apical 

end to almost the top of the last-formed chambers, the 

outer margin more or less serrate; aperture elongate, 

comma-shaped, with a lip. Average length 0.90 mm.

The types are from the upper Eocene yellow clay in 

the Tantoyuca formation, Palacho Hacienda, south of 

Panuco-Tampico railroad, Vera Cruz, Mexico. The ho1 otype is much smaller than the typical adult specimens 

from the Eocene of the United States. It is refigured 

here, together with specimens from the Cocoa sand member of the Jackson formation of Cocoa Post Office, Alabama. We have specimens from various localities of 

Jackson age throughout the Gulf Coast region. The 

species is found also in Eocene material from Gaviota 

Canyon, Santa Barbara County, California, about 400 

feet stratigraphically below the top of a massive sardstone bed carrying Turritella variata Conrad. It has been 

recorded by Nuttall from the upper Eocene of Venezuela 

and by Renz from the San Fernando'formation of Trinidad. The record of Coryell and Embich from the upper 

Eocene of Panama is placed here questionably. In addition we have specimens from the middle Eocene of 

Egypt.

The species differs from Bulimina sculptilis Cushrran 

in having fewer costae, which are higher, more platelike, and more serrate.

Bulimina jacksonensis Cushman var. cuneata Cushman

Plate 22, figures 17, 18

Bulimina jacksonensis Cushman var. cuneata Cushman, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 2, p. 35, 1926; U. S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 181, p. 35, pi. 13, figs. 10, 11, 1935.

Bulimina cuneata Beck, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 605, pi.

107, figs. 3, 9, 1943. 

Detling, idem, vol. 20, p. 356, pi. 49, figs. 13, 15, 16, 1946.

Variety differing from the typical form in the larger
98 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

number of costae, 10 to 12, the more tapering form, 

and the very serrate character of the edges of the costae. 

Length of holotype 0.80 mm., diameter 0.34 mm.

The types of the variety are from the Eocene, 2 to 

3 feet below the base of the Red Bluff formation, half 

a mile southeast of Melvin, Choctaw County, Alabama. 

Cushman records the variety in the Cooper marl of South 

Carolina. Beck records a similar form from the Eocene 

of Washington.

In some respects this form is closer to Bulimina sculptilis Cushman than to B. jacksonensis, especially as regards the shape of the test and the number of costae. 

The character of the costae, however, and the form and 

character of the chambers seem to ally it more closely 

with the latter.

Bulimina cooperensis Cushman

Plate 22, figure 19

Bulimina cooperensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 9, p. 12, pi. 1, figs. 32a, b, 1933; U. S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 181, p. 35, pi. 13, figs. 12-14, 1935; 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 21, p. 8, 1945.

Test elongate, tapering, 2y2 to 3 times as long as broad, 

greatest breadth toward the apertural end; chambers distinct, inflated, considerably overlapping; sutures deep, distinct; wall of the basal half of the chambers with platelike costae that end in sharp points, the initial end of 

the test often with a spine; aperture elongate, with a 

slightly depressed border, and a distinct lip. Length 

0.40 to 0.50 mm., diameter 0.18 to 0.20 mm.

The types of the species are from the Eocene Cooper 

marl, 1 mile south of Moncks Corner, Berkeley County, 

South Carolina. It also occurs in the Eocene Twiggs 

Clay of Washington County, Georgia.

This species is easily distinguishable on account of its 

costate character and numerous, overhanging chambers. 

It differs from Bulimina 'arkadelphiana Cushman and 

Parker var. midwayensls Cushman and Parker in the 

above characters, the latter having spines but no costae 

and the chambers, while somewhat undercut, not projecting so far. It is also much larger.

Bulimina instabilis Cushman and Parker

Plate 23, figure 1

Bulimina instabilis Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 44, pi. 8, figs. 3a-c, 1936.

Test large, about iy2 times as long as broad, consisting 

of 6 to 8 whorls; chambers distinct, last-formed chambers inflated, arranged in fairly regular series; sutures 

distinct, very slightly depressed; wall in the adult with 

several, thin, plate-like, somewhat jagged costae, with 

low costae between, extending up to the last-formed 

whorl; in young forms the costae not well developed,

sometimes resembling spines and again almost entirely 

absent; last-formed chambers smooth, coarsely perforate; 

aperture loop-shaped, with a slight lip. Length of holotype 0.71 mm., diameter 0.43 mm.

The types are from Eocene material at 20^ feet depth 

in the Lillis Welch well no. 1, drilled by Western Gulf 

Oil Company, located 680 feet north and 990 feet east of 

southwest corner sec. 26, T. 15 S., R. 12 E., M.D.M., 

Fresno County, California.

The species is very variable. The arrangement and 

form of the chambers remains the same, but the costae in 

some specimens are very definite, whereas in others they 

appear only intermittently or may even H completely 

absent. There seems to be no logical way however, in 

which the species can be further subdivided. It differs 

from Bulimina buchiana D'Orbigny in having more chambers and much lower costae. It is longer ard more slender than B. Urata Cushman and Parker, and has more 

chambers, which are somewhat differently shaped.

Bulimina schencki Beck

Plate 30, figure 16

Bulwnina schencki Beck, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 605, pi. 

107, figs. 28, 33, 1943.

Test small, about twice as long as broad, fusiform, greatest 

width through middle, initial end subacute; chambers few, last 

three make up more than one-half of entire test, inflated; sutures 

distinct, deeply incised; wall smooth; aperture set in broad opening at top of last chamber. Length 0.33 mm.; diameter 0.18 mm.

These specimens are identical with Bulimina cap:.tata? of Cushman and Dusenbury (1934) and differ from the original figure of 

B. capitata Yokoyama (1890) in having less inflated chambers 

that are largest at the apertural end.—Beck.

The types are from the Eocene of Cowlitz River, Lewis 

County, Washington.

Bulimina ovata D'Orbigny var. cowlitzen«is Beck

Plate 30, figure 15

Bulimina ovata D'Orbigny var. cozvlitzensis Beck, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 605, pi. 107, fig. 22, 1943.

This subspecies differs from the typical form in having more 

inflated chambers, and a coarsely punctate wall. Le^th, 0.45 mm.; 

diameter 0.25 mm.—Beck.

The types are from the Eocene of Cowlitz River, Lewis 

County, Washington.

Bulimina macilenta Cushman and Parker

Plate 23, figures 2, 3

Bulimina macilenta Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 15, p. 93, 1939. 

Cushman and Stainforth, idem, Special Pub. 14, p. 40, pi. 6,

fig. 3, 1945. 

Cushman, idem, Special Pub. 16, p. 23, pi. 5, fig. 4, ll)46.
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA

?Bulimina inflata Galloway and Morrey (not Seguenza), Bull.

Am. Paleontology, vol. IS, p. 37, pi. 5, fig. 13, 1Q29. 

PCoryell and Embich, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 11, p. 304, pi. 

42, fig. 19, 1937.

Bulimina denticulata Cushman and Parker (not B. truncana Giimbel var. denticulata Protescu), Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 42, "pi. 7, figs. 7, 8, 1936.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., • vol. 15, 

p. 64, 1939.

Kelley, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 27, p. 8 

(list), 1943.

Curran, idem, vol. 27, p. 1379 (list), 1943.

Martin,. Stanford Univ. Publ,, Univ. Sen, Geol. Sci., vol. 3, 

no. 3, p. 9 (list), 1943.

Test of medium size, usually less than iy2 times as 

long as broad, rapidly tapering, consisting of about 4 

whorls, the last-formed whorl forming one-half to threefourths of the test; chambers fairly distinct, slightly 

undercut at the base, much inflated; sutures, in the lastformed whorl, distinct, depressed, obscured in the earlier 

portion of the test; wall of last whorl smooth, perforate; 

the margins of the chambers cut into more or less regular 

flutings or scallops that apparently cover the whole of the 

bottom of the test because of the narrowness of the 

chambers, the marginal character of the flutings being 

plain, however, in the last-formed whorl and often in the 

preceding one; aperture loop-shaped. Length 0.24 to 

0.38 mm., diameter 0.20 to 0.34 mm.

The types of the species are from the Eocene, about 

3 miles N. 45° E. of Santa Susana, in Poison Oak 

Canyon, north of Simi Valley, Ventura County, California, from brown shale 2710 feet stratigraphically above 

the Cretaceous contact, in strata mapped as Martinez. 

There are several other records from the Eocene of California. Similar specimens were found in material collected 

by Vaughan from Rio Buena Vista, Vera Cruz, Mexico, 

and called by him Alazan. A single specimen occurs in 

the Eocene material in the Atlantis core 12-36, 880 meters, 

N. Lat. 39° 5(X; W. Long. 70° 58'. Galloway and Morrey's species from the upper Eocene (?) of Manta, Ecuador has been placed here questionably, and also that of 

Coryell and Embich from the Eocene of Panama. It also 

occurs in the Oligocene Cipero formation of Trinidad.

This form resembles most closely Bulimina spinata 

Cushman and Campbell but is much smaller and has the 

fluted margins of the chambers much more sharply defined and coarser. It seems probable that B. spinata may 

be the ancestral form.

Bulimina stalacta Cushman and Parker

Plate 23, figure 4'

Bulimina stalacta Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 42, pi. 7, figs. 5a-c, 1936. 

*'Bulimina inflata Cole (not Seguenza), Bull. Am. Paleontology,,

vol. 14, no. 51, p. 25, pi. 3, fig. 12, 1927.

Test large, about 1*4 times as long as broad, gradually 

tapering, terminated by a spine; chambers distinct in 

upper part of test, very slightly inflated; sutures distinct, 

somewhat depressed; wall of last-formed whorl smooth, 

finely perforate, lower part ornamented by blunt spines, 

often alined and appearing as remnants of jagged.costee, 

some specimens having costae as well as spines; aperture 

loop-shaped, with a" slight lip. Length of holotype 0.58 

mm., diameter 0.33 mm.

The types are from the Eocene beds in a -small canyon, 

50 feet stratgraphically above the top of a massive sandstone, on the south slope of hill 2217 (Cholame topographic sheet), about 1^ miles east of Tar Canyon, Reef 

Ridge, Kings County, California. Specimens questionably 

referable to this species were found in the Alazan shrle 

of Mexico (collected by T. W. Vaughan) and Eocene 

material in the Atlantis cores 12-36 and 21-38, collected 

off the eastern coast of the United States. Similar forms 

occur in the Eocene at Biarritz, and at Kiscell, Hungary. 

Cole's species from the Eocene Guayabal formation of 

Mexico is placed here questionably.

This species differs from Bulimina macilenta Cushman 

and Parker in the more spinose character of the test and 

in the more fusiform shape.

Bulimina consanguinea Parker and Bermudez

Plate 23, figure 5

Bulimina consanguinea Parker and Bermudez, Jour. Paleontology, 

vol. 11, p. 515, pi. 59, figs. 2a-c, 1937.

Bermudez, Soc. cubana historia nat. Mem., vol. 11, p. 342, 

1937.

Bulimina garzaensis Cushman and Siegfus (part), Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 93, 1935.

Test large, about 1% times as long as broad, tapering 

evenly, usually with a short, blunt, basal spine, consisting 

of 4 to 6 whorls; chambers distinct in last-formed whcTrl 

only, although frequently distinguishable in portions of 

the remainder of the test; sutures distinct in last whorl 

only; very slightly depressed; wall. smooth in the upp^r 

part of the last whorl, the remainder ornamented by 

longitudinal, plate-like costae with jagged edges, 6 to 8 

visible on the front of the test, finely perforate; aperture loop-shaped, with a lip. Length1 0.80 mm., diameter 

0.50 to 0.76 mm.

The types of the species are .from the Eocene^ north 

side of Elvador in Norofia, north of Guanajay, on railroad, Pinar del Rio Province, Cuba. We have a single 

specimen from the Alazan clay, Rio Buena Vista, jrst 

south of crossing of Alazan to Moyutla road, Vera Crrz, 

Mexico. Specimens ascribed to Bulimina garzaensis Cushman and Siegfus from the Eocene Kreyenhagen shale 

of Garza Creek, California belong under this species. 

In addition it is found in the Eocene of Turin, Italy.
100 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

This form most closely resembles Bulimina sculptilis 

Cushman var. laciniata Cushman and Parker but differs 

from it in the shape of the chambers, which are less 

inflated, less pronounced, and fewer in number, in the 

costae which are more jagged, and in the basal spine which 

is more pronounced.

Bulimina impendens Parker and Bermudez

Plate 23, figures 6, 7

Bulimina impendens Parker and Bermudez, Jour. Paleontology,

vol. 11, p. 514, pi. 58, figs. 7a-c, 8a-c, 1937. 

Bermudez, Soc. cubana historia nat. Mem., vol. 11, p. 342, 

1937.

Test small, about 1% times as long as broad, very slightly 

tapering, consisting of 3 to 4 whorls; chambers distinct 

in last whorl only, those of each whorl overhanging those 

previously formed to give a decidedly collared effect; 

sutures distinct in last whorl, slightly depressed, previous 

sutures obscured by surface ornamentation; wall spinose 

or fluted at the lower margin of the last 2 whorls, the 

remainder of the test covered by short, irregular spines; 

aperture loop-shaped, with a slight lip. Length 0.20 to 

0.45 mm., diameter 0.20 to 0.35 mm.

The types are from the Eocene Alturas de Almendares quarry, Havana, Cuba. Besides the type locality, 

we have a single specimen from the Eocene, in a small 

canyon, 50 feet stratigraphically above the top of a massive 

sandstone on the slope of hill 2217, about half a mile 

east of Tar Canyon, Reef Ridge, Kings County, California.

The species differs from Bulimina curtissima Cushman 

and Siegfus in being much more spinose, in having more 

chambers, and in the very marked overhang of the chambers.

Bulimina palmerae Parker and Bermudez

Plate 23, figure 8

Bulimina palmerae Parker and Bermudez, Jour. Paleontology, 

vol. 11, p. 514, pi. 59, figs, la-c, 1937.

Test of medium size, l 1/^ times as long as broad, 

tapering, with a well developed, blunt, basal spine, consisting of 4 to 6 whorls; chambers distinct, last-formed 

chambers somewhat inflated; sutures distinct, depressed, 

incised; wall with blunt spines at the edges of the chambers, remainder of wall smooth, perforate; aperture loopshaped, with a well defined lip. Length 0.48 to 0.80 mm., 

diameter 0.32 to 0.56 mm.

The types of the species are from the Eocene, one kilometer north of Arroyo Arenas, on road to Jaimanitas 

(water well), Havana Province, Cuba. It has not been 

recorded elsewhere.

This species differs from Bulimina arkadelphiana Cushman and Parker var. midwayensis Cushman and Parker

in being much larger, having coarser spines and fewer 

of them. It differs from B. stalacta Cushmrn and Parker 

in its more spinose character, lack of costae, and the slight 

overhang of the chambers.

Bulimina tarda Parker and Bermudez

Plate 23, figure 9

Bulimina tarda Parker and Bermudez, Jour. Paleontology, vol.

11, p. 514, pi. 58, figs. 6a-c, 1937. 

Bermudez, Soc. cubana historia nat. Mem., vol. 11, p. 342,

1937. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 15, p.

64, 1939.

Test small, tapering, consisting of 4 to 5 whorls, the 

last-formed whorl forming one-third or more of the test; 

chambers few, those of last whorl slightly inflated; sutures 

fairly distinct, very slightly depressed, showing as dark 

lines with occasional small, incised areas; wall smooth, 

coarsely perforate; aperture loop-shaped, with a slight lip. 

Length 0.30 to 0.35 mm., diameter 0.21 to 0.23 mm.

The types of the species are from the Eocene, Loma 

Principe, cut between calle F and Avenida de los Presidentes, 20 meters west of Jose M. Gomez monument, 

Havana, Cuba. Besides the Eocene occurrence in Cuba, it 

has been recorded from the Eocene material in the Atlantis 

cores 12-36 and 21-38, taken off the east coast of the 

United States, and from the Eocene, 3 mil°s N. 46° E. 

of Santa Susana, Poison Oak Canyon, north of Simi 

Valley, Ventura County, California, from brown shale, 

1040 feet stratigraphically above the Cretaceous contact, 

in strata mapped by Kew as Martinez.

This form resembles Bulimina tuxpamensis Cole but 

is much smaller, more rapidly tapering, and has a smoother wall.

Bulimina jarvisi Cushman and Parlor

Plate 23, figure 10; plate 24, figure 1

Bulimina jarvisi Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 39, pi. 7, figs, la-c, 1936.

Parker and Bermudez, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 11, p. 513, 

pi. 58, figs. 2a-c, 1937.

Cushman and Stainforth, Cushman Lab. Fcram. Research 

Special Pub. 14, p. 41, pi. 6, fig. 5, 1945.

Test large, more than twice as long as broad, tapering throughout, the lower half triangular in transverse 

section with rounded angles, somewhat twisted, consisting of 6 to 7- whorls; chambers inflated; sutures distinct, 

depressed; wall of the lower one-half to two-thirds of the 

test covered with fine, irregular costae, th* upper part 

very coarsely perforate, giving the surface a rough appearance ; aperture loop-shaped, with a slight lip. Length 

0.80 to 0.96 mm., diameter 0.30 to 0.40 mm.

The types are from the Eocene "Lower Marl", Cipero
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 101

sect. sta. no. 10, Trinidad, B. W. I. The species has been 

recorded from the Eocene, Alturas de Almendares quarry, 

Cuba. We have specimens from the Eocene, approximately 5250 feet N. 62° W. of road intersection at Las 

Cruces, El Jaro Canyon, Santa Barbara County, California. Specimens from the Eocene of Haring in the 

Tyrol seem identical.

Bulimina heathensis W. Berry

Plate 24, figure 2 '

Bulimina heathensis W. Berry, Eclogae geol. Helvetiae, vol. 25, 

no, 1, p. 28, pi. 3, figs. 6, 7, 1932.

Test elongate, nearly uniform diameter for most of its length, 

about two and one quarter times as long as wide; chambers 

indistinct; sutures depressed; wall smooth, polished; aperture 

elongate, irregular. Length 0.53 mm.; diameter 0.24 mm.— 

W. Berry.

The species was described from the Oligocene Heath 

formation in Quebrada Heath, northwestern Peru.

We have no material referable to this form. Berry's 

figures are reproduced. It seems possible from the figures 

that the form may be a Buliminella.

Bulimina tuxpamensis Cole

Plate 24, figure 6

Bulimina tujrpamensis Cole, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 14, p.

212, pi. 1, fig. 23, 1928. 

Parker and Bermudez, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 11, p. 513, pi.

58, figs, la-c, 1937. 

Bermudez, Soc. cubana historia nat. -Mem., vol. 11, p. 342,

1937. 

Cushman and Stainforth, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Special Pub. 14, p. 41, pi. 6, fig. 6, 1945. 

Colom, Inst. Invest. Geol., Num. 3 Estudios Geologicas, p. 60,

pi. 4, figs. 122, 123, 1946.

Test stout, tapsring, very regular in outline, broadest near the 

apertural end, very finely perforate; chambers but slightly inflated, numerous; sutures in most specimens relatively wide, limbate; aperture loop-like or comma shaped, extremely terminal, 

the most extreme specimens having the aperture almost straight 

across the end of the test. Length 0.75 mm.—Cole.

The types are from the Eocene material in the Huasteca 

Petroleum Company's well, Cerro Azul no. 75, Tampico, 

Mexico, at the depth of 1040 feet. We have no typical 

material. Parker and Bermudez found specimens in the 

Eocene of Cuba, 4.5 kilometers west of Guanajay on the 

road to Mariel, Pinar del Rio Province, which seem to 

resemble this form closely except that the lower part of 

the test is somewhat roughened. Similar specimens occur 

in the Eocene near Siegsdorf, Germany, and at Gassino, 

near Turin, Italy. It also occurs in the Oligocene Cipero 

formation of Trinidad.

The species is larger than Bulimina tarda Parker and 

Bermudez, less sharply tapered, and has more sharply 

angled chambers.

695 464—*7———*

Bulimina pupula Stache

Plate 24, figures 7, 8

BuHmina pupula Stache, Novara-ltLxped., Geol. Theil, vol. 1, pt.

2, p. 265, pi. 24, fig. 13, 1865. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 13, p. 66, pi. 9, figs. 1, 2, 1937. 

Curran, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 27, p.

1378 (list), 1943. 

Bulimina ovata Stache (not D'Orbigny), Novara-~Exped., Gee).

Theil, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 266, pf. 24, fig. 14, 1865. 

Chapman, New Zealand Geol. Survey, Paleontology, Bull. 11,

p. 39, pi. 5, figs. 13, 14, 1926. 

Bulimina aperta Stache, Afo^ara-Exped., Geol. Theil, vol. 1, pt. 2,

p. 266, pi. 24, fig. 15, 1865.

BuHmina propinqua Stache, idem, p. 267, pi. 24, fig. 16, 1865. 

Bulimina affinis Chapman, New Zealand Geol. Survey, Paleontology, Bull. 11, p. 37, pi. 5, figs. 15, 16, 1926.

Test large, 2l/o times as long as broad, fusiform, greatest breadth at, or above, the middle, initial end subacute 

or rounded; chambers distinct, only slightly inflated, tending to become somewhat biserial in the adult; sutures 

distinct, slightly depressed, curved; wall smooth, distinctly perforate, thick; aperture narrow, elongate, with 

a distinct tooth and slight lip. Length up to 1.25 mrr., 

diameter 0.50 mm.

The types are from the Eocene, Whaingaroa Bay, Ne^v 

Zealand. The species occurs at various localities in tl ° 

Eocene of New Zealand and has also been recorded from 

the Miocene there. It is also listed from the Eocene of 

California.

There seems little doubt that the various species of 

Stache given in the synonymy refer to the same specie?. 

The figures show variations which are within the ran^e 

of variation of the specimens in our collection. The form 

is close to Bulimina pupoides D'Orbigny but is larger, 

has less inflated chambers, and a thicker wall.

Bulimina cylindrica Roemer

Plate 24, figure 4

Bulimina cylindrica Roemer, Neues Jahrb., 1838, p. 387, pi. 3, fm 

44.

Cylinder-shaped, with 4 whorls and globular chambers.—Roem?r 

(translated).

Roemer described the species from the younger Tertiary "Meersand" of North Germany. We have no material 

referable to it, but the figure resembles Bulimina elonga'a 

D'Orbigny.

Bulimina uva Roemer

Plate 24, figure 5 

Bulimina uva Roemer, Neues Jahrb., 1838, p. 387, pi. 3, fig. 43.

Oval, botryoidal, with many spirally arranged, rounded, arched 

chambers.—Roemer (translated).
102 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Roemer described the species from the Tertiary "Meersand" of North Germany. We have no material referable to it and it is somewhat questionable whether the 

form belongs to this genus. The original figure is reproduced here.

Bulimina socialis Bornemann

Plate 24, figure 3

Bulimina socialis Bornemann, Deutsche geol. Gesell. Zeitschr.,

vol. 7, p. 342, pi. 16, fig. 10. 1855. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 13, p. 36, pi. 4, figs, la-c, 1937. 

Galloway and Heminway, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Survey

Porto Rico and Virgin Islands, vol. 3, p. 423, pi. 31, figs.

9a, b, 1941.

Test of medium size, about l^A times as long as broad, 

somewhat oval in shape, with the widest part at about the 

middle of the test; chambers few, distinct, the last whorl 

forming the greater part of the test, inflated; sutures 

distinct, depressed; wall thin, perforate; aperture elongate, 

loop-shaped, with a slight lip, extending from the margin 

of the last-formed chamber, well above the suture joining the second and third chambers. Length 0.47 mm., 

diameter 0.30 mm.

The species was described from the Oligocene of 

Hermsdorf, near Berlin, Germany. We have only one 

poorly preserved specimen from that locality, but good 

material from the middle Oligocene of Ratingen, near 

Dusseldorf, Germany. One of these specimens is figured. 

It is recorded from the Ponce formation of Puerto Rico.

The species resembles Bulimina imnniana Howe but is 

larger, with more rounded, inflated chambers. The chambers are more inflated and fewer in number than those 

of B. ovata D'Orbigny.

Bulimina coprolithoides Andreae

Plate 24, figure 9

Bulimina coprolithoides Andreae, Geol. Specialkarte Elsass-Lothringen Abh., vol. 2, pt. 3, p. 213, pi. 6, figs. 4a-d, 1884.

Cushman, Soc. sci. Seine-et-Oise Bull., ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 52(6), 

pi. 2, figs. 4a, b, 1928.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 13, p. 37, pi. 4, figs. 2a-c, 1937.

Test small, somewhat longer than broad, tapering from 

the broadest part in the middle of the last whorl, consisting of about 3 whorls, the last-formed composing 

almost three-fourths of the test; chambers distinct, inflated, arranged in regular series; sutures distinct, depressed ; wall polished, translucent, finely perforate; aperture broad, loop-shaped, deepset, with a slight lip, just 

above the junction of the second and third chambers. 

Length 0.22 mm., diameter 0.16 mm.

The types are from the Oligocene of Rufach, Alsace. 

The species occurs also in the Oligocene at Ormoy and 

Dax, Seine-et-Oise, France.

The species resembles Bulimina simplex Terquem but 

is less elongate and slender, has fewer whorls, and more 

inflated chambers. It is broader and shorter than B. 

elongata D'Orbigny and the more globular chambers are 

arranged in regular series.

Bulimina alsatica Cushman and Parker

Plate 24, figures 10, 11

B^^Iimina alsatica Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 13, p. 39, pi. 4, figs. 6, 7, 1937.

Colom, Real Soc. Espafiola Hist. Nat. Bel, vol. 41, p. 419,

pi. 27, figs. 10-12, 1943.

fBulimina buchiana Reuss (not D'Orbigny), Akad. Wiss. Wien 

Sitzungsber., vol. 62, pt. 1, p. 484, 1870 (Von Schlicht, 

Foraminiferen des Septarienthones von Pietzpuhl, p. 66, 

no. 383, pi. 22, figs. 30-33, Berlin, 1870).

Bulimina inflata Andreae (not Seguenza), Geol. Specialkarte 

Elsass-Lothringen Abh., vol. 2, pt. 3, p. 119, pi. 9, figs. 

6a-c, 7, 1884.

PCushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 43, pi. 8, figs. 6a, b, 

1930.

?Cushman and Ponton, idem, Bull. 9, p. 77, 1932.

?Cushman and Cahill, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 175-A, 

p. 24, pi. 8, figs, la, b, 1933.

Test small, about 1V2 times as long as broad, tapering, 

the initial end of the test having 1 or more, short spines; 

chambers indistinct except for those of tl e last whorl; 

sutures indistinct, depressed; wall of most of the last 

whorl smooth, the rest of the test with plate-like costae 

ending in plate-like spines, bent downward to give a 

hooked appearance, the costae usually not crossing the 

sutures; aperture loop-shaped with a we1 ! defined lip, 

well above the junction of the second and tHrd chambers. 

Length 0.34 to 0.57 mm., diameter 0.22 to 0.44 mm.

The types of the species are from the Oligojcene of 

Hartmannsweiler, Alsace. It occurs also in the Oligocene 

at Hermsdorf, near Berlin, Germany. Very similar specimens occur in the Miocene Choctawhatchee marl of 

Florida, and in the Miocene of San Miniato, Italy. It 

is also recorded by Colom from the Miocene of Spain.

This form can be recognized by the hook-like spines. 

It differs from Bulitnina inflata Seguenza in this respect 

as well as in not having the pronounced, often continuous costae of the latter. It differs frcm B. stalacta 

Cushman and Parker in the shorter, more tapered test 

and in the more projecting, hooked spine? It is more 

spinose and has fewer, much less distinct chambers than 

B. rinconcnsis Cushman and Laiming. The chambers are 

less distinct and the costae and spines le~s heavy and 

pronounced than in B. bleeckeri Hedberg.
BULIMINA AND RELATED FOltAMINIFERAL GENERA 103

Bulimina sculptilis Cushman

Plate 24, figure 12

tKt sculptilis Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 133,

p. 23, pi. 3, fig. 3, 1923. 

Cushman and Schenck, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci.,

Bull., vol. 17, p. 311, pi. 43, fig. 16, 1928. 

Cole and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 5, p. 38, pi. 9,

fig. 11, 1930.

Nuttall, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 19, pi. 5, fig. 1, 1932. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. For am. Research Contr.,

vol. 13, p. 37, pi. 4, figs. 3a-c, 1937.

Renz, 8th Am. Sci. Congress Proc., p. 553 (list), 1942. 

Howe, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 16, p. 267 (list), 1942. 

Franklin, idem, vol. 18, p. 314, pi. 45, fig. 15, 1944. 

Cushman and Ellisor, idem, vol. 19, p. 562, pi. 75, fig. 14,

1945.

Test elongate, at least" twice as long as broad, tapering, subacute at the initial end; chambers numerous, distinct; sutures slightly depressed, distinct; wall finely 

perforate, ornamented with about 10, thin, low, longitudinal costae, extending from halfway down the lastformed whorl to the base of the test without a break, 

but often with slight depressions at the sutures, giving a 

somewhat scalloped effect; aperture long, comma-shaped, 

with a well developed lip, placed somewhat above the 

junction of the second and third chambers. Length 0.77 

mm., diameter 0.40 mm.

The types are from the Oligocene Red Bluff clay, 

Hiwannee, Mississippi. The species occurs in the lower 

Oligocene of the Coastal Plain region of the United 

States. Specimens recorded by Nuttall from the Alazan 

clay of Mexico are placed here, although his form has 

higher, more plate-like costae that somewhat approach 

those of Bulimina jacksonensis Cushman in character; 

the shape of the test and character of the chambers, however, seem to ally it more definitely with B. sculptilis. 

Somewhat similar specimens occur in the Eocene of 

Haring, in the Austrian Tyrol. It has also been recorded 

by Howe from the type locality of the Oligocene Glendon 

formation in Alabama. Other records include the Oligocene and Miocene of Venezuela.

Bulimina sculptilis Cushman var. laciniata 

Cushman and Parker

Plate 24, figure 13

Bulimina sculptilis Cushman var. laciniata Cushman and Parker, 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 13, p. 38, pi. 4, 

figs. 4a-c, 1937; idem, p. 53.

Variety differing from the typical form in the more 

tapered test, usually terminated by a blunt spine; in the 

chambers which are more inflated, especially those of the 

last whorl; and in the jagged costae. Length 0.56 to 0.80 

mm., diameter 0.40 to 0.44 mm.

The types are from the Miocene, south side of Alsea 

Bay, Lincoln County, Oregon (Loc. A. 198, Schenck, 

California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci., Bull., vol. 18, no. 1, 

p. 33, Nov. 30, 1928). The variety is found also in the 

Oligocene Bassendorf shale, Coos County, Oregon (Loc. 

A. 93, idem, p. 18).

Bulimina alazanensis Cushman

Plate 24, figures 14-16

Bulimina alasanensis Cushman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 161,

pi. 25, fig. 4, 1927. 

Parker and Bermudez, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 11, p. 514,

pi. 58, figs. 5a-c, 1937. 

Bermudez, Soc. cubana historia nat. Mem., vol. 11, p. 341,

1937.

Cushman and Stainforth, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research, 

Special Pub. 14, p. 40, pi. 6, fig. 2, 1945.

TBulimina presli Reuss var. buchiana Parker and Jones (not 

D'Orbigny), Philos. Trans., vol. 155, p. 374,'pi. 17, fig. 71 r 

1865.

Test small, somewhat longer than broad, greatest 

breadth near the apertural end, thence tapering to the 

initial end; chambers and sutures obscured by the ornamentation which consists of prominent, longitudinal costae terminated at the basal end by somewhat spinose 

projections; surface often slightly corrugated between 

the costae; aperture elongate, somewhat comma-shaped. 

Length 0.50 mm. or less.

The types are from the Alazan clay, Rio Buena Vista, 

just south of crossing of the Alazan-to-Moyutla road, 

Vera Cruz, Mexico. The species has been recorded in the 

Eocene of Cuba and the Oligocene Cipero formation of 

Trinidad. Similar forms are found in the Pliocene of 

Lomita Quarry, Palos Verdes Hills, California. The form 

described as Bulimina rostrata H. B. Brady( ?) by Cushman, Stewart and Stewart (San Diego Soc. Nat. History 

Trans., vol. 6, p. 65, pi. 5, fig. 1, 1930) from the Pliocene 

of Humboldt County, California, is a somewhat larger 

form and is questionably referred to this species. We 

have a few Recent specimens from the north Pacific and 

from the north Atlantic near Ireland that closely resemble 

this form.

The species is very close to Bulimina truncana Giimbel. 

A comparison of suites of specimens, however, shows 

certain definite differences. B. alasanensis has fewer, 

somewhat coarser, more irregular costae.

Bulimina alazanensis Cushman var. spatiosa 

Cushman and Todd

Plate 30, figure 19

Bulimina alasanensis Cushman var. spatiosa Cushman and Todc1 , 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 15, p. 40, p?. 

6, fig. 12, 1945.
104 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Variety differing from the typical in the larger size, more 

prominent basal spine, and higher and somewhat less regular 

costae.—Cushman and Todd.

The types are from the Miocene, half a mile east of 

Buff Bay, Jamaica.

Bulimina bicona W. Berry

Plate 24, figure 19

Bulimina bicona W. Berry, Eclogae geol. Helvetiae, vol. 25, no. 1, 

p. 28, pi. 3, figs. 13, 14, 1932.

Test nearly fusiform, apical end abruptly rounded, apertural 

end with a rounded point, bases of chambers appearing above the 

apex, the last one extending from the apertural end to about 

half-way back on the test; chambers slightly inflated; sutures 

depressed; aperture a comma-shaped slit, often broken. Length 

0.33 mm.—W. Berry.

The species was described from the Oligocene Heath 

formation in Quebrada Heath, northwestern Peru.

We have no material referable to the species. Berry 

says that the form may be recognized by its distinctive 

shape, which is almost biconical. The original figures are 

reproduced.

_ Bulimina jugosa Cushman and Parker

Plate 25, figure 1

Bulimina jugosa Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 13, p. 38, pi. 4, figs. 5a-c, 1937.

Test small, rapidly tapering, about IVo times as long 

as broad, consisting of 3 to 4 whorls; chambers very 

indistinct; sutures indistinct, slightly depressed; wall 

coarsely perforate, sometimes slightly translucent, ornamented by numerous longitudinal, low, rounded costae; 

aperture somewhat deepset, loop-shaped, with a very 

slight lip, placed just above the junction of the second 

and third chambers. Length 0.30 to 0.48 mm., diameter 

0.20 to 0.30 mm.

The types of the species are from the Oligocene (?) 

Punta Bianca shales, Sea Cliff, near village of Rio Seco, 

1° 1CK south of the Equator, 9.25 kilometers southwest 

of Manta, Ecuador. It is known only from the type 

locality.

The species differs from Bulimina alasanensis Cushman in its much heavier test, heavier, more rounded 

costae, and blunt initial end.

Bulimina bleeckeri Hedberg

Plate 24, figure 17

Bulimina bleeckeri Hedberg, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 11, p. 675,

pi. 91, figs. 12, 13, 1937.

Palmer, Soc. cubana hist. nat. Mem., vol. 14, p. 295, 1940. 

Franklin, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 314, pi. 46, fig. 14,

1944. 

Cushman and Ellisor, idem, vol. 19, p. 562, pi. 75, fig. 16,

1945.

Cushman and Stainforth, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Special Pub. 14, p. 41, pi. 6, fig. 4, 1945. 

f Bulimina inflata Nuttall (not Seguenza), Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc.,

vol. 84, p. 77, pi. 3, fig. 19, 1928.

Nuttall, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 20, pi. 5, fig. 2, 1932. 

PCushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 5, p.

94, pi. 13, fig. 31, 1929.

Variably top-shaped, with last three chambers usually making 

angles of at least 30 degrees with axis of test. Chambers numerous ,* as man}' as 18 visible on some specimens. Strongly overlapping; chambers of each whorl superimposed exactly above those 

of preceding whorl. Lower edges of chambers straight, at right 

angles to axis of test; each with 3 to 6 strong costae or crenulations which extend downward beyond the base of the chamber as 

blunt spines. On the last three chambers these costae are developed only near the lower margin, but are probatly more extensive 

over the earlier chambers though largely concealed by overlap. 

Sutures distinct. Aperture in a deep embayment of the last chamber margin, near where it overlaps the suture separating the 

second and third to the last chambers. Holotype from Sample 

E-4022. Length, 0.38 mm., maximum diameter, 0.28 mm.—Hedberg.

The types are from the Oligocene Carapita formation, 

District of Libertad, State of Anzoategui, Venezuela. It 

occurs also in the Oligocene Alazan formc.tion of Mexico, 

Cipero formation of Trinidad, Cojimar formation of 

Cuba, and in the Punta Bianca shale, near Manta, 

Ecuador.

This form is very close to Bulimina alsatlca Cushman 

and Parker but has heavier, more pronounced costae and 

spines, and much more distinct chambers. The costae are 

higher and not arranged in regular lines, as in B. inflata 

Seguenza var. alligata Cushman and Laiming. It is more 

tapering and not so fusiform as B. rinconensis Cushman 

and Laiming. The costae are heavier and not so regular 

as in B. sitbacuininata Cushman and Stewart. Hedberg's 

figured specimens have been studied, anc1 the holotype is 

refigured here.

Bulimina rugifera Glaessnc^

Plate 24, figure 18

Butimina rugifera Glaessner, Problems of pahontology, Moscow 

Univ., vols. 2-3, p. 372, pi. 2, fig. 19, 1937.

Under this name Glaessner has described and figured 

a specimen from the Tertiary of the Caucasus region. 

We have no specimens of this species and from the figure 

alone it is difficult to place it.

Bulimina pyrula D'Orbignj'

Plate 25, figure 2

Bulimina pyrula D'Orbigny, Foraminiferes fossiles du bassin 

tertiaire de Vienne, p. 184, pi. 11, figs. 9, 10, 1846.

Terrigi, Com. geol. italiana Mem., vol. 4, pt. 1, p. 71, pi. 1, 

figs. 18, 19, 1891.

Silvestri, Accad. sci. Acireale Atti e Rend., vol. 5, p. 12, pi. 

5, -figs. 74-82, 1893.
BUUMINA AND EELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 105

Egger, Naturh. Ver. Passau Jahresber. 16, p. 16, pi. 4, figs.

la-c, 1895. 

?Howe and Wallace, Louisiana Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 2, p.

60, pi. 11, fig. 6, 1932. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 13, p. 46, pi. 6, fig. 1, 1937. 

LeRoy, Natuurk. tijdschr. Ned-Indie, vol. 99, pt. 6, p. 244,

pi. 5, figs. 19, 20, 1939; Colorado School of Mines Quart.,

vol. 39, no. 3, p. 26, pi. 5, fig. 14, 1944. 

Silvestri and Zangheri, Soc. geol. italiana Boll., vol. 61, p. 87,

1942. 

Bulimina sp. aff. B. pupoides Schwager (not D'Orbigny), Com.

geol. italiana Boll., vol. 9, p. 523, pi. 1, fig. IGa, 1878. 

Bulvmina pynda D'Orbigny var. spinescem Amicis (not H. B.

Brady), Soc. geol. italiana Boll., vol. 12, pt. 3, p. 59, pi. 3,

figs. 8a, b, 1893. 

Egger, Naturh. Ver. Passau Jahresber. 16, p. 17, pi. 4, figs.

2, 3, 1895.

Test of medium size, about 1^2 times as long- as broad, 

acuminate at both ends, consisting of 2 to 3 whorls, the 

last-formed whorl composing- about seven-eighths of the 

test; chambers slightly inflated, early chambers very narrow owing to the great involution; sutures slightly depressed; wall smooth, polished, often translucent, frequently ornamented with one or more small spines at the 

base, coarsely perforate; aperture loop-shaped, with a 

well-defined lip and tooth. Length of specimens from 

Baden 0.36 to 0.64 mm., diameter 0.26 to 0.40 mm.

The types are from the Miocene at Baden, Vienna 

Basin, Austria. The earliest record for the species is 

from the Eocene Jackson formation of Louisiana. We 

have material from the Yazoo clay of Mississippi which 

yields a form very close to D'Orbigny's species though 

not absolutely identical. It occurs questionably in the 

Eocene of Biarritz and in the Alazan clay of Mexico. 

In the Miocene it is found at several localities in the 

Vienna Basin and in Germany. We have material from 

the Pliocene of Castel Arquato and Coroncina, Italy, and 

specimens with a somewhat more rounded base, fro*m 

gray siltstone 280 feet stratigraphically above the base of 

the first Pico sandstone, 2l/w miles N. 74° E. of La 

Crosse Junction, Canada de Aliso, Ventura County, California. It is recorded by LeRoy from the Miocene of 

Sumatra.

Considerable confusion prevails in the literature regarding this species. Many forms that have been recorded, 

especially from the Recent, belong to the genus Globobullmina, which is an involute form developed from 

Bulimina, showing only the last three chambers, at least 

in the adult. Bulimina pyrula approaches the Globobulimina 'type and it seems probable that it represents an 

ancestral form of that genus. The early chambers, however, though very narrow are easily seen. The presence 

of the occasional spines does not seem to be a specific 

character. The species is easily differentiated from other 

forms by its highly involute character, which makes the

last whorl predominant. It differs from the species of 

Globobulimina in being acuminate at both ends, with the 

early whorls visible.

Bulimina pyrula D'Orbigny var. lata Seguenza

Btdimina pyrula D'Orbigny var. lata Seguenza, R. accad. Lin?ei 

Atti, ser. 3, vol. 6, p. 147, 1880.

Wider forms with the initial portion not prominent but ratter 

flattened.—Seguenza (translated).

Seguenza described the variety from the Miocene Tcrtonian of Calabria, Italy. It was not figured.

Bulimina pupoides D'Orbigny

Plate 25, figures 3-7

Bulimina pupoides D'Orbigny, Foraminiferes fossiles du bassiu

tertiaire de Vienne, p. 185, pi. 11, figs. 11, 12, 1846. 

H. B. Brady, Challenger Rept, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 400, pi. 50,

figs. 15a, b, 1884. 

Terrigi, Com. geol. italiana Mem., vol. 4, pt. I, p. 72, pi. 1,

fig. 22, 1891. 

Egger, Naturh. Ver. Passau Jahresber. 16, p. 14, pi. 4, fi.TS.

6a, b, 7, 8, 1895. 

Flint, U. S. Nat. Mus. Rept. for 1897, p. 290, pi. 37, fig. 3,

1899.

Nuttall, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 285, 1930. 

Macfadyen, Egypt. Geol. Survey, 1930, p. 52, pi. 1, fig. 11,

1931; ?Geol. Mag., vol. 69, p. 494, pi. 34, fig. 4, 1932. 

Nuttall, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 19, pi. 2, fig. 9, 1932. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 13, p. 47, pi. 6, figs. 2, 3, 1937. 

Ellisor, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 24, pp.

439 (list), 444 (list), pi. 4, fig. 5, 1940. 

LeRoy, Colorado School of Mines Quart., vol. 36, no. 1, p. 32,

pi. 1, figs. 93, 94, 1941. 

Coryell and Mossman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 16, p. 242, pi.

36, fig. 43, 1942.

Bandy, idem, vol. 18, p. 377, pi. 62, fig. 9, 1944. 

LeRoy, Colorado School of Mines Quart., vol. 39, no. 3, p. 26,

pi. 1, figs. 1, 4; pi. 4, fig. 10; p. 84, pi. 2, fig. 2, 1944. 

Cushman and Ellisor, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 19, p. 562, pi.

75, fig. 13, 1945.

Bulimina cf. B. pupoides, Parker and Bermudez, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 11, p. 515, pi. 59, figs. 3a-c, 4a-c, 5a-c', 1937. 

Bulimina pitecusana Costa, Accad. pontaniana Atti, vol. 7, pll 15,

fig. 5, 1856. 

Bulimina incrassata Karrer, Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber., vol.

58, p. 177, pi. 4, fig. 12, 1868. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 13, p. 52, 1937. 

fBulimina affinis H. B. Brady (not D'Orbigny), Challenger Repf.,

Zoology, vol. 9, p. 400, pi. SO, figs. 14a, b, 1884. 

Terrigi, Com. geol. italiana Mem., vol. 4, pt. 1, p. 72, pi. 1,

fig. 21, 1891. 

FCushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 2, p. 79, text fig. 130,

1911; idem, Bull. 100, vol. 4, p. 165, 1921. 

Bulimina wata Burrows and Holland (not D'Orbigny), Geol.

Assoc. Proc., vol. 15, p. 32, pi. 2, fig. 11, 1897. 

fBulimina elegans Nuttall (not D'Orbigny), Jour. Paleontolopy,

p. 285, pi. 23, fig. 12, 1930.
106 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Test of medium size, twice as long as broad or less, 

very slightly tapering, consisting of about 5 whorls; 

chambers somewhat inflated; sutures distinct, depressed, 

running at right angles to the vertical axis; wall smooth, 

often somewhat transparent, perforate; aperture loopshaped, with a well defined lip, and often with a tooth. 

Length of specimens from Baden 0.30 to 0.80 mm., 

diameter 0.20 to 0.40 mm.

The types are from the Miocene of Nussdorf and 

Baden, in the Vienna Basin, Austria. This species has a 

wide range both vertically and horizontally. The earliest 

known specimens are from the Eocene of Hungary; 

Biarritz, France; the Thanet beds of Pegwell Bay in the 

Isle of Wight; and Cuba. It has been recorded by Nuttall 

from the Eocene Aragon formation and the Oligocene 

Alazan clay of Mexico. It occurs in the Miocene of 

Austria, Hungary, Germany, Egypt, and Texas. In the 

Pliocene we have material from Coroncina and Castel 

Arquato, Italy. It has been recorded by Macfayden from 

the Pliocene and Pleistocene of East Anglia. In the eastern Pacific it occurs from Lat. 32° N. south to the coast 

of Patagonia, and we have a few specimens from the 

vicinity of the Philippine Islands. It has been recorded 

by Flint fr.om the Gulf of Mexico. His figures seem to 

represent the form although we have no material to verify 

the identification.

This is a variable species. Specimens from Baden show 

a wide range of variation in respect to length, width, 

number of whorls, etc. The only absolutely fixed characters are the angle that the sutures make with the vertical 

axis of the test, the shape of the chambers, and the position- of the aperture. The species differs from Bulimina 

ovaia, D'Orbigny in the shape of the test, which is slightly 

tapering, not oval; and in the shape of the chambers, 

which is more angled. It is more difficult to separate the 

form from B. a-ffinis D'Orbigny, but it differs in the 

shape of the apertural face, which does not extend so 

far down the side of the test and is less protuberant; 

in the shape of the test, which is narrower in proportion 

to the width; and in the greater number of chambers, the 

last whorl making up a smaller proportion of the test. 

It is sometimes difficult, however, to identify definitely 

certain of the Pacific forms that seem to have some of 

the characteristics of both groups.

Bulimina ovata D'Orbigny

Plate 25, figures 8, 9

'Bulimina ovata D'Orbigny, Foraminiferes fossiles du bassin tertiaire de Vienne, p. 185, pi. 11, figs. 13, 14, 1846. 

H. B. Brady, Challenger Kept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 400, pi. 50,

figs. 13a, b, 1884. (See Bulimina notovata Chapman). 

Terrigi, Com. geol. italiana Mem., vol. 4, pt. 1, p. 72, pi. 1,

fig. 20, 1891. 

Egger, Naturh. Ver. Passau Jahresber. 16, p. 15, pi. 3, figs.

lla, b, 1895.

Sidebottom, Royal Micr. Soc. Jour., 1918, p. 122, pi. 3,

figs. 1-3. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 100, vol. 4, p. 164, text fig. 4,

1921; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Coitr., vol. 2, p. 55,

pi. 7, fig. 1, 1926. 

Macfadyen, Egypt Geol. Survey, 1930, p. 53, pi. 1, fig. 13,

1931.

? Nuttall, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 19, pi. 2, fig. 8, 1932. 

? Cushman and Ponton, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 8, p. 67, pi. 9, figs. 1, 2, 1932; PFlorida Geol.

Survey Bull. 9, p. 78, pi. 11, fig. 11, 1932. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 181, p. 35, pi. 13,

figs. 15, 16, 1935. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 13, p. 47, pi. 6, figs. 4, 5, 1937.

PKleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of Califorrfa, p. 255, pi. 12, 

figs. 14a, b; ("aff.") pi. 2, fig. 9, Tulsa, 1938.

LeRoy, Colorado School of Mines Quart., vcl. 36, no. 1, p. 32,

pi. 1, figs. 95, 96; p. 79, pi. 2, fig. 14, 1941. 

Toulmin, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 15, p. 597, pi. 80, figs. 25,

26, 1941.

Silvestri and Zangheri, Soc. geol. italiana Boll., vol. 61, p. 88, 

1942.

ten Dam and Reinhold, Geol. Stichting Mededeelingen, ser. 

C-V, no. 2, p. 80, 1942.

ten Dam, idem, no. 3, p. Ill, pi. 3, figs. 10, 11, 1944. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 20, p. 

24, pi. 4, figs. 21, 22, 1944; idem, Special Pub. 16, p. 23, 

pi. 5, fig. 2, 1946. 

Colom, Inst. Invest. Geol., Num. 3 Estudios Geologicos, p. 158,

pi. 10, fig. 151, 1946. 

Bulimina cf. B. ovata Israelsky, 6th Pacific Sci. Congress Proc.,

p. 577, pi. 6, fig. 10, 1939. 

Bulimina laevigata D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat., vol. 7, p. 270,

no. 14, 1826.

Fornasini, Soc. geol. italiana Boll., vol. 20, r 182, text fig. 4, 

1901; Accad. sci. 1st. Bologna Mem., ser. 5, vol. 9, p. 374, 

1901; idem, vol. 10, p. 154, 1901. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 14, p. 94, pi. 16, fig. 16, 1938. 

Bulimina semistriata D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat., vol. 7, p. 270,

no. 15, 1826. 

Fornasini, Soc. geol. italiana Boll., vol. 20, p. 200, text fig.

5, 1901. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 14, p. 61, 1938. 

Bulimina ellipsoides Costa, Accad. pontaniana Atti, vol. 8, pt. 2,

p. 265, pi. 15, fig. 9, 1856. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 14, p. 61, 1938. 

Bulimina affinis Rzehak (not D'Orbigny), Naturf. Ver. Briinn

Verb.., vol. 14, pt. 1, pp. 80, 90, pi. 1, fig. 2, 1885. 

Egger, Naturh. Ver. Passau Jahresber. 16, p. 14, pi. 4, figs. 4,

5, 1895. 

Bulimina pupoides Cushman (not D'Orbigny), U. S. Nat. Mus.

Bull. 100, vol. 4, p. 161, pi. 31, fig. 8, 1921.

Bulimina sp. Cushman and Applin, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 16Q, pi. 7, figs. 10, 11, 1926.

Test of medium size, not more than tvrice as long as 

broad, oval in shape, the broadest portion about one-third
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 107

of the way down from the apertural end, consisting of 

2 or 3 whorls, the last-formed whorl forming one-half or 

more of the test; chambers somewhat inflated; sutures 

distinct, depressed; wall smooth, somewhat translucent, 

perforate, the perforations sometimes arranged in regular lines to give a faintly striate appearance; aperture 

loop-shaped, with a well defined lip and tooth. Length of 

specimens from Baden 0.38 to 0.64 mm., diameter 0.26 

to 0.34 mm.

The species was described from the Miocene at Nussdorf, in the Vienna Basin, Austria. It is a widely ranging 

form, occurring in the Eocene of Biarritz, France, and 

of Hungary, and in the Jackson group of Texas, Salt 

Mountain limestone of Alabama, and Aquia formation of 

Virginia. Somewhat questionable forms occur in the 

Oligocene of Mexico. In the Miocene it is found at several localities in Austria, Hungary and Germany. Cushman records it in the Monterey shale of California, Kleinpell from the Luisian of Reliz Canyon, Monterey County 

and questionably from many other California Miocene 

localities. A similar form occurs in the Miocene of Florida. In the Pliocene we have specimens from several 

localities in Italy and Spain, and similar, though somewhat larger, less inflated specimens were found 300 feet 

above the base of the Pico sandstone, in Canada de Aliso, 

Ventura County, California. It is found in Recent seas 

at Rimini, Italy and at various localities near the Philippine Islands.

Bulimina semistriata D'Orbigny has been placed in the 

synonymy under this species, as specimens in the Pliocene 

of Italy that were referable to it were identical with the 

forms from the Vienna Basin. They showed very plainly 

the faint striations caused by the alining of the perforations, a characteristic which may be seen also in the 

Austrian specimens. The Recent specimens from Rimini, 

which may be referred to B. laevigata D'Orbigny, were 

also identical with B. ovata. B. ellipsoides Costa has been 

identified with this species. Although his figure is poor, 

the general characters seem to point very definitely to 

the same form.

This species is closely related to Bulimina pupoides 

D'Orbigny but differs from it in the oval form of the 

test, the angle of the sutures, which curve downward 

rather than extending at right angles to the vertical axis. 

This latter character is especially true of the megalospheric form. The specimens at any one locality vary 

greatly, and this accounts, up to a point, for the variety 

of figures given in the literature. We have included in 

the synonymy only such forms as can be checked with 

a reasonable degree of accuracy, either by a study of 

topotype material or of material of the same general 

region and age.

Chapman has given a new name, "Bulimina notovata," 

to Brady's figured specimens from off New Zealand.

Bulimina arcuata D'Orbigny

Plate 25, figure 10

Bulimina arcuata D'Orbigny, Annales set. nat., vol. 7, p. 270, 

no. 12, 1826

Fornasini, Accad. sci. 1st. Bologna Mem., ser. 6, vol. 5, p. 46, 

pi. 1, figs. 12, 12a, 1908.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 13, p. 53, 1937.

The type is from the Miocene, near Dax, France.

It is impossible to tell definitely from the figure to 

what genus this species belongs. The only clue we have 

is in D'Orbigny's description of Bulimina patagonica in 

which he compares that species to B. arcuata, saying that 

the Recent form has a comma-shaped aperture instead of 

a round one, and is spinose. Aside from the question of 

the aperture the species seems to have the characteristics 

of a Bulimmella.

Bulimina buchiana D'Orbigny

Plate 25, figures 11, 12

Bulimina buchiana D'Orbigny, Foraminiferes fossiles du bassin 

tertiaire de Vienne, p. 186, pi. 11, figs. 15-18, 1846.

Macfadyen, Egypt Geol. Survey, 1930, p. 55, pi. 1, fig. 21, 

1931.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 13, p,48, pi. 6, figs. 6, 7, 1937.

ten Dam and Reinhold, Geol. Stichting Mededeelingen, s^r. 

C-V, no. 2, p. 81, 1942.

Colom, Inst. Invest. Geol., Num. 3 Estudios Geologicos, p. 

159, pi. 10, figs. 157, 158, 1946.

Test of medium size, about twice as long as broad, 

gradually tapering, broadest portion somewhat above- the 

middle, consisting of 5 or 6 whorls in the adult form, 

sometimes with a well developed basal spine; chambers 

numerous, distinct in the later portion; sutures in the 

smooth part of the test distinct, depressed; wall of mcst 

of the last-formed whorl smooth, perforate, the rest of 

the test with longitudinal costae usually extending unbroken across at least 2 chambers, sometimes more; aperture loop-shaped, with a distinct lip. Length of specimens 

from Baden 0.34 to 0.90 mm., diameter 0.22 to 0.44 mm.

The types of the species are from the Miocene of 

Nussdorf and Baden, Vienna Basin, Austria, and Boholth, 

Styria. It occurs also in the Miocene of Bulgaria and 

Egypt.

This is a larger species than Bulimina costata D'O"- 

bigny, the costae are somewhat finer, more numerous, and 

more regular. The chambers are not typically undercut 

at the sutures to give a collared effect to the test, although 

some forms show a slight tendency in that direction.
108 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Bulimina buchiana D'Orbigny var. calabra Seguenza

Plate 25, figure 13

Bulimina buchiana D'Orbigny var. calabra Seguenza, R. accad.

Lincei Atti, ser. 3, vol. 6, p. 146, pi. 13, fig. 34, 1880. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 13, p. 51, pi. 6, fig. 8, 1937. 

Bulimina buchiana Terrigi (not D'Orbigny), Pont, accad. sci.

Nuovi Lincei Atti, vol. 33, p. 73, pi. 2, fig. 37, 1880.

Variety differing from the typical form in having more 

whorls and somewhat more overhanging chambers. Length 

of figured specimen 0.60 mm., diameter 0.30 mm.

The variety was described from the Miocene Tortonian 

of Calabria, Italy. We have material from the Tortonian 

of Varpolata, Hungary, the upper Miocene of France, 

and the Recent deposits of Rimini and Venice, Italy.

This variety approaches the form of Bulimina costata 

D'Orbigny, but the chambers are not so collared, there 

are many more whorls, and the test is much larger.

Bulimina elongata D'Orbigny

Plate 25, figures 14-17

Bulimina elongata D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat, vol. 7, p. 269, no.

9, 1826; Foraminiferes fossiles du bassin tertiaire de

Vienne, p. 187, pi. 11, figs. 19, 20, 1846. 

Hantken, K. ungar. geol. Anstalt Mitt. Jahrb., vol. 4, p. 61,

pi. 10, figs. 7a, b, 1875. 

Terquem, Soc. geol. France Mem., ser. 3, vol. 2, p. 109, pi.

11 (19), figs. 21a, b, 22, 1882. 

Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss. Abh., cl. 2, vol. 18, p. 284, pi. 8,

figs. 75, 76, 105, 106, 1893; Naturh. Ver. Passau Jahresber.

16, p. 15, pL 3, figs. 12a, b, 1895. 

PChapman, California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 3 (Geology),

vol. 1, p. 243, pi. 29, fig. 1, 1900. 

? Fornasini (part), Accad. sci. 1st. Bologna Mem., ser. 5,

vol. 9, p. 373, text fig. 5, 1901; idem, p. 376, pi. 0, fig. 10

(not figs. 12, 20, 37). 

?Paalzow, Offenbacher Ver. Naturkunde Ber., 1912-24, p. 15,

pi. 1, figs. 8, 9, 1924.

Macfadyen, Egypt Geol. Survey, 1930, p. 54, pi. 1, fig. 17, 1931. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 13, p. 49, pi. 7, figs. 1-3, 1937. 

ten Dam, and Reinhold, Geol. Stichting Mededeelingen, ser.

C-V, no. 2, p. 80, pi. 5, fig. 11, 1942. 

Bulimina ariminensis D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat., vol. 7, p. 269,

no. 8, 1826. 

Fornasini, Soc. geol. italiana Boll., vol. 20, p. 178, text fig. 3,

1901. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 14, p. 92, pi. 16, figs, lla, b, 1938. 

Bulimina inconstans Egger, Neues Jahrb., 1857, p. 283, pi. 12,

figs. 1-3, 8, 9. 

fBuliminella inconstans Coryell and Mossman, Jour. Paleontology,

vol. 16, p. 243, pi. 36, fig. 45, 1942. 

Bulimina pupoides Williamson (not D'Orbigny), Recent Foraminifera of Great Britain, p. 61, pi. 5, figs. 124, 125, 1858. 

Terrigi, Pont, accad. sci. Nuovi Lincei Atti, vol. 33, p. 71, pi.

2, figs. 30-34, 1880; R. accad. Lincei Atti, ser. 4, Mem.,

vol. 6, p. 110, pi. 5, fig. 6, 1893. 

Bulmnina scabriuscula Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber., vol.

42, p. 360, pi. 2, fig. 13, 1860. 

fBulimina eocena Hantken, K. ungar. geol. Anstalt Mitt. Jahrb.^

vol. 1, p. 136, pi. 2, fig. 16, 1871-72. 

Bulimitm elegans Jones (not D'Orbigny), Crag Foraminif era,

Palaeont. gr. Soc. Mon., pt. 2, p. 163, pi. 6, fig. 19, 1895. 

Bulimina fusiformis Fornasini (not Williamson) (part), Accad.

sci. 1st. Bologna Mem., ser. 5, vol. 9, p. 3/7, pi. 0, figs. 6, 9,

41 (not figs. 1, 3, 4, 16, 18, 21, 23, 27, 36, 40), 1901. 

Liebus, K.-k. geol. Reichsanstalt Jahrb., vol. 52, pi. 5, fig. 7,

1902. 

Bulimina fusiformis Williamson var. pupoides Fornasini (not

D'Orbigny), Accad. sci. 1st. Bologna Men., ser. 5, vol. 9,

p. 378, pi. 0, figs. 13, 17, 1901.

fBulimina imbricata Reuss var. procera Liebus, Geol. Bund. 

Jahrb., vol. 77, p. 368, pi. 13, figs. 8a, b, 1927.

Bulimina gracilis Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 4, p. 43,

pi. 8, figs. 5a, b, 1930.

Cushman and Ponton, idem, Bull. 9, p. 76, 1932. 

Cushman and Cahill, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 175-A,

p. 24, pi. 7, figs. 16a, b, 1933. 

Cushman, Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 47, p. 431, pi. 5,

figs. 8a, b, 1936. 

Ellisor, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 24, p.

439 (list), pi. 5, fig. 18, 1940.

Bulimina schwageri(?) Cushman and Dusentury (not Yokoyama), Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 10, p. 

62, pi. 8, figs, lla, b, 1934.

Test long and slender, 3 or more tines as long as 

broad, width practically uniform throughout the test except in the microspheric form where the last-formed 

chambers are inflated, consisting of 5 or 6 whorls; chambers distinct, slightly inflated, angled; stitures distinct, 

depressed; wall smooth, polished,' often translucent, very 

finely perforate; aperture a long loop-shaped opening, 

with a well defined lip. Length of specimens from Baden 

and Nussdorf 0.28 to 0.67 mm., diameter 0.14 to 0.22 

mm.

The types of the species are from the Miocene at 

Nussdorf, in the Vienna Basin, Austria. We have specimens from various localities in the Vienna Basin, including Nussdorf. The species is variable and long ranging, 

occurring from the Eocene to the Recent. Slight variations can be seen in specimens from different localities, 

but the species is so variable, even at the type locality, 

that it does not seem expedient to try to subdivide it 

further. We have material from the Eocene of the Paris 

Basin and Biarritz, France; from Neustift near Ofen, 

Hungary; from 480 feet below the base of the Tecuya 

formation, and from the Poway conglomerate of California; and from the Alazan( ?) shale of Mexico. Paalzow 

records it from the Oligocene of Germany. We have 

material from the Miocene of Germany ard France, from 

the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida, and various 

localities in Maryland. Chapman records it from the
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 109

Miocene of California and Macfadyen from the Miocene 

of Egypt. We have specimens from the Pliocene of Belgium, Sicily, Castel Arquato in Italy, near Nice in France, 

and questionably from the Kalinmen of Australia. Jones 

records it, as Bulimina elegans, from the Coralline Crag 

of England. In the Recent seas it is recorded from Zanzibar, Rimini in Italy, Bognor in England, and from the 

Red Sea. It has been recorded also from about the British 

Isles, although all our material from there seems to be 

varietal.

Various species of authors have been placed 'in the 

synonymy under this form. Bulimina ariminensis D'Orfoigny, although the older name, was a nomen nudwn until 

figured by Fornasini in 1901. Specimens from the Miocene of Dingden in Westphalia, one of the type localities 

for B. scabriuscula Reuss, were typical B. elongata. Specimens from Ortenburg, Germany, near Egger's locality 

for B. inconstans, were also typical. The specimens from 

the Miocene of Florida called B. gratilis Cushman are 

somewhat more slender and attenuated but identical ones 

may be found in the Vienna Basin material. The specimens from the Miocene of Chesapeake Beach, Maryland, 

are very typical.

The species may be recognized by its long, narrow test 

with angled chambers that are not arranged in regular 

series, and its rounded base.

Bulimina elongata D'Orbigny var. tenera Reuss

Plate 25, figure 18

Sulimina tenera Reuss (part), Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber., 

vol. 55, pt. 1, p. 94, pi. 4, figs, lla, b, (not fig. 12), 1867.

Bulimina elegans Macfadyen (not d'Orbigny), Egypt Geol. Survey, 1930, p. 53, pi. 1, fig. 14, 1931.

Bulimina elongata D'Orbigny var. tenera Reuss, Cushman and 

Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 13, p. 

50, pi. 7, fig. 5, 1937.

Bulimina cf. B. elongata D'Orbigny var. tenera Cushman and 

Herrick, idem, vol. 21, p. 64, pi. 10, fig. 16, 1945.

Variety differing from the typical form in that the 

last-formed whorl constitutes a large proportion of the 

test, usually about two-thirds, in the more pointed apertural end, and broader aperture.

The types are from the Miocene, Wieliczka, Galicia. 

We have no topotype material, but specimens from the 

Miocene of the Vienna Basin, Austria, appear to be identical. The variety occurs also in the Eocene of Germany 

and Hungary, the Miocene of France, Germany, Egypt, 

and Florida (Choctawhatchee marl) in the United States. 

Less typical specimens occur in the Eocene McBean formation of Georgia.

This form is apparently a variety of Bulimina elongata 

D'Orbigny. The initial portion of the test is identical with 

that of the latter, the variation coming only in the lastformed whork

Bulimina elongata D'Orbigny var. subulata 

Cushman and Parker

Plate 26, figures 1, 2

Bulimina elongata D'Orbigny var. subulata Cushman and Parker, 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 13, p. 51, pi. 7, 

figs. 6, 7, 1937. 

LeRoy, Colorado School of Mines Quart., vol. 36, no. 1, p. 32,

pi. 3, figs. 72, 73, 1941. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 161, p. 11,'pl. 3, figs. 13a, b.

1942. 

Cblom, Inst. Invest. Geol., Num. 3 Estudios Geologicos, p

158, pi. 10, figs. 159, 160, 1946.

Bulimina aff. elongata D'Orbigny var. subulata LeRoy, Colorado 

School of Mines Quart., vol. 39, no. 3, p. 84, pi. 2, fig. 4, 

1944. 

Bulimina aculeata Reuss (not D'Orbigny), Akad. Wiss. Wien

Denkschr., vol. 1, p. 374, pi. 47, fig. 13, 1850. 

Egger, Naturh. Ver. Passau Jahresber. 16, p. 17, pi. 3, figs

8, 10, 13, 14, 1895. 

Macfadyen, Egypt Geol. Survey, 1930, p. 55, pi. 1, fig. 19,

1931. 

Hofker (part), Sta. Zool. Napoli Pub., vol. 12, pt. 1, p. 121,

figs. 33-35, 1932. 

Bulmnina spinosa Seguenza, Accad. gioenia sci. nat. Atti, ser. 2,

vol. 18, p. 23, pi. 1, figs. 8, 8a, 1862. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 14, p. 62, 1938. 

Bulimina ovata Parker and Jones (not D'Orbigny), Philos. Trans.,

vol. 155, p. 374, pi. 17, figs. 67a, b, 1865. 

Bulimina elongata H. B. Brady (not D'Orbigny), Challenger

Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 401, pi. 51, figs. 1, 2, 1884. 

Bulimina elegans Egger (not D'Orbigny), K. bayer. Akad. Wiss. 

Abh., cl. 2, vol. 18, p. 284, pi. 8, figs. 66, 67, 1893; Naturh. 

Ver. Passau Jahresber. 16, p. 16, pi. 3, fig. 9, 1895.

Variety differing from the typical form in having well 

developed spines at the base of the test, varying in lengtland number. Length of specimens from Baden 0.32 to 

0.57 mm., diameter 0.20 to 0.24 mm.

The types of the variety, are from the Miocene of 

Baden, Vienna Basin, Austria. It occurs at various other 

localities in the Vienna Basin. We have material from the 

Miocene of Hungary, Germany, France, Italy, and Egypt; 

from the Pliocene of France and Italy; and from Recent 

material from the Mediterranean Sea, Ireland, northeast 

coast of the United States, Juan Fernandez Island, Chile, 

and the Fiji Islands. LeRoy records it from the late 

Tertiary of Borneo and Java.

The variety is easily recognized. It differs from Bulimina gibba Fornasini in its more parallel-sided test, more 

irregular chambers, and rounded base.

Bulimina elongata D'Orbigny var. lappa 

Cushman and Parker

Plate 25, figure 19

Bulimina elongata D'Orbigny var. lappa Cushman and Parker, 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 13, p. 51, pi. 7, 

fig. 8, 1937.
110 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Variety differing from the typical form in having a 

much shorter, broader test, with thicker walls, the initial 

portion of the test covered with very short, blunt spines. 

Length 0.30 to 0.54 mm., diameter 0.20 to 0.28 mm.

This variety was described from the Miocene at Nussdorf, Vienna Basin, Austria. We have material from several localities in the Vienna Basin, from the Miocene of 

Hungary and Egypt, and from the Pliocene of Italy.

The variety is easily distinguished by its short, broad 

test and its very short spines, which often appear as a 

roughening of the lower portion of the test.

Bulimina buccinoides Egger

• Plate 26, figure 3

Bulimina buccinoides Egger, Neues Jahrb., 1857, p. 282, pi. 10, 

figs. 9-11.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 13, p. 52, 1937.

Test ovate, pointed at both ends, middle portion inflated; consisting of 5 whorls, first chambers narrow, 

arched, later ones very large, long, arched; aperture thin 

and pointed. Length 0.75 mm.

A summary of Egger's description of the species from 

the Miocene of Hausbach is given. We have no material 

referable to it. The original figures are reproduced.

Bulimina tuberculata Egger

Plate 26, figures 4, 5

Bulimina tuberculata Egger, Neues Jahrb., 1857, p. 284, pi. 12,

figs. 4-6 (not fig. 7).

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 13, p. 50, pi. 7, figs. 4a-c, 1937.

fBulimina aff. B. minuta Glaessner (not "Tritaxia minuta Marsson"), Problems of paleontology, Moscow Univ., vols. 2-3, 

p. 370, pi. 2, figs. 18a, b, 1937.

Test small, about twice as long as broad, triangular in 

transverse section with rounded angles, slightly tapering, 

consisting of about 5 whorls; chambers fairly distinct, 

arranged in series with the adjacent chambers joined in 

a zigzag line, later chambers somewhat inflated; sutures 

distinct, early sutures flush with the surface, later sutures 

depressed; aperture a broad, loop-shaped opening. Length 

of specimens from a locality near Ortenburg, Germany, 

0.24 to 0.42 mm., diameter 0.12 to 0.20 mm.

The types are from the Miocene at Hausbach, near 

Ortenburg, Germany. We have specimens from Egger's 

Miocene localities in Germany; from Kostej, near Banat, 

Hungary; from two localities in the Miocene of France; 

and a single specimen from Nussdorf in the Vienna Basin, 

Austria. The species appears to be confined to the 

Miocene.

The last figure given by Egger (pi. 12, fig. 7) does not 

refer to this species but probably to a Bitubulogenerina

which occurs at the same locality. The species differs from 

Bulimina minuta (Marsson) in being larger, more elongate, less tapered, with more rounded angles and more 

inflated chambers.

Bulimina bulbiformis Seguenza

Plate 26, figure 6

Bulimina bulbiformis Seguenza, R. accad. Lincei Atti, ser. 3, vol.

6, p. 146, pi. 13, fig. 35, 1880.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram, Research Contr., 

vol. 13, p. 52, 1937.

Seguenza describes this species as egg-shaped, rounded 

at the apertural end, pointed at the initir 1 end, with the 

sutures very slightly 'depressed and indistinct.

The types are from the Miocene Tortonian of Calabria, 

Italy. We have no material referable to it.

Bulimina calcarata Seguenzp

Plate 26, figures 7-9

Bulimina calcarata Seguenza, R. accad. Lincei Atti, ser. 3, vol. 6,

p. 146, pi. 13, fig. 36, 1880. 

Bulimina ovata D'Orbigny var. apiculata Eg^er, Naturh. Ver.

Passau Jahresber. 16, p. 17, pi. 3, fig. 15, 1895. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Forarr. Research Contr.,

vol. 14, p. 55, pi. 9, fig. 5, 1938.

Test of medium size, somewhat fusiform, short and 

broad, consisting of about 3 whorls, initial end usually 

bluntly pointed with 1 or 2 heavy, short soines; chambers 

distinct, inflated; sutures distinct, depressed; wall smooth, 

perforate; aperture loop-shaped, with a lip, and well developed tooth. Length of figured specimen 0.60 mm., 

diameter 0.40 mm.

The species was described from the Miocene Tortonian 

of Calabria, Italy. We have no topotype material but 

specimens from several localities in the Miocene of the 

Vienna Basin, Austria seem typical. Specimens from the 

Pliocene of Castel Arquato, Italy are more fusiform, with 

somewhat less inflated chambers, but otherwise appear 

identical.

The species resembles Bulimina pupoides D'Orbigny 

but has fewer, more inflated chambers and the short, basal 

spines. The chambers do not slope downward as in B. 

pyrula D'Orbigny, are more inflated, and the spines are 

heavier than those occasionally seen in the latter species.

Bulimina triquetra Franzenau

Bulimina triquetra Franzenau, Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek, vol. 15,

p. 139, 1892.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 13, p. 52, 1937.

Franzenau in describing this species from the Miocene 

of Romhany, Hungary, says that it bears' more resem-
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 111

blance to the genus Verneuilina than Bulimina. He describes it as elongate, elliptical, pointed at both ends, 

sharply three-cornered, with somewhat concave sides; the 

initial chambers distinct, arranged in 3 rows, the youngest 

chamber composing the whole top of the test; sutures in 

the initial portion distinct, depressed, later portion iridistinct; aperture elongate, comma-shaped, placed vertically on the last chamber; wall finely perforate.

He compares the species to Bulimina arcuata Stache 

(not D'Orbigny), from the Eocene of Whaingaroa, but 

says that Stache's form is more textularian in character. 

B. arcuata Stache does not belong to Bulimina, and it 

seems quite possible, from the description, that B. triquetra belongs to the genus Tritaxia or some related 

genus. As no figures were given, the point cannot be 

definitely settled.

Bulimina parvula Franzenau

Bulimina parvula Franzenau, Termeszetrajzi Fiizetek, vol. 15,

p. 139, 1892.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 13, p. 52, 1937.

This species, from the Miocene of Romhany, Hungary, 

is described as elongate, fusiform, with the apertural end 

sharply pointed, the initial end bluntly pointed, consisting 

of 4 rapidly increasing whorls; chambers inflated, with 

deep sutures; aperture an arched, elongate opening, at 

the inner margin of the last chamber, surrounded by a 

bordering ridge.

No figures are given of this species, and the description 

is too brief to make a definite identification possible.

Bulimina porrecta Franzenau

Bulimina porrecta Franzenau, Glasnik. hrv. nar. druztva, vol. 7, pt. 

6, pi. 5, figs, la, b, 1894.

The figures of this species, described from the Miocene, Marcusevec, Croatia, show a form very similar to 

Bulimina pup aides D'Orbigny. Lack of any material 

referable to it, however, makes a positive identification 

impossible.

Bulimina cuspidata Franzenau

Bulimina cuspidata Franzenau, Glasnik. hrv. nar. druztva, vol. 7,

pt. 6, pi. 5, figs. 2, 3, 1894.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 13, p. 52, 1937.

The figures of this species from the Miocene of Marcusevec, Croatia, show a form with few whorls, globular 

chambers, and with a sharp, basal spine. We have no 

material referable to it.

Bulimina affinis D'Orbigny var. tenuissimestriata Schubert

Plate 26, figures 10, 11 

Bulimina affinis D'Orbigny var. tenuissimestriata Schubert, K.-k.

geol. Reichsanstalt Jahrb., vol. 53, p. 416, pi. 19, figs. 5a-c, 

1903.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 13, p. 53, 1937.

Schubert differentiates this variety by the fine striations, as well as by the arrangement of the chambers. He 

states that it bears a greater resemblance to "Bulimincoviilum" Reuss, (Bulimina reussi Morrow), than to the 

typical Recent examples of B. affinis.

The "species is described from the Miocene "Welser 

Schlier," in a well-boring near Wels, Austria. We have 

no material referable to it. The original figures are reproduced here.

Bulimina rotula Schubert

Plate 26, figure 12

Bulimina rotula Schubert, K.-k. geol. Reichsanstalt Jahrb., vol. 53,

p. 416, pi. 19, figs. 7a, b, 1903.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 13, p. 53, 1937.

Schubert differentiates this species from others by its 

cylinder-shaped test and compact chambers. He compares 

it to Bulimina subornata H. B. Brady, from which it 

differs by the shape and position of the aperture and by 

the costae, which are much finer and cover the whole 

test. He says that in shape it resembles "Bulimina puschi'* 

Reuss (Arcnobulimina puschi (Reuss)) and "Buliminc 

imbricata" Reuss (Buliminella imbricata (Reuss)) but 

differs in the construction of the chambers.

The species was described from the Miocene "Welser 

Schlier," in a well-boring near Wels, Austria. We have 

no specimens referable to it. The original figures are 

reproduced here.

Bulimina pseudotorta Cushman

Plate 26, figure 13

Bulimina pseudotorta Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

'Contr., vol. 2, p. 55, pi. 7, fig. 3, 1926. 

Cushman, Stewart and Stewart, San Diego Soc. Nat. History

Trans., vol. 6, p. 66, 1930. 

Kleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of California, p. 258, Tulsa,

1938.

Test of medium size, rapidly tapering from the broadly 

rounded, or somewhat truncate, apertural end, initial end 

narrow, rounded; chambers few, slightly inflated, angular 

in shape; sutures distinct, depressed; wall smooth, finely 

perforate; aperture elongate, comma-shaped. Length of 

holotype 0.90 mm., diameter 0.66 mm.

This species was described from the Miocene Monterey 

shale, sec. 24, T. 28 S., R. 14 E., M.D.M., San Luis Obispo 

County, California. It is recorded by Cushman, Stewart 

and Stewart from the Miocene of Humboldt County,
112 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

California, and by Kleinpell from the upper Relizian and 

lower Luisian at various Californian localities.

The species most closely resembles Bulimina (Desinobulimina) montereyana Kleinpell but differs from it in 

being more tapered and in not having the terminal aperture. It seems very probable that it represents the ancestral form of Kleinpell's species.

Bulimina alligata Cushman and Laiming

%

Plate 26, figure 14

Bulimina inflata Seguenza var. alligata Cushman and Laiming,

Jour. Paleontology, vol. 5, p. 107, pi. 11, figs. 17a, b, 1931. 

Kleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of California, p. 254, pi. 7,

fig. 1, Tulsa, 1938. 

Schenck and Childs, Stanford Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser., Geol.

Sci., vol. 3, no. 2, p. 26 (list), 1942. 

Weaver, Washington Univ. [Seattle] Pub. in Geology, vol. 6,

no. 1, p. 23 (list), 1944.

Test about twice as long as broad, tapering, consisting 

of about 6 whorls; chambers indistinct, later chambers 

slightly inflated, sutures indistinct in early portion of the 

test, depressed in later portion; wall of most of last whorl 

smooth, remainder of test ornamented by low costae arranged in straight lines but broken at the sutures, with 

occasional shorter costae interpolated; aperture loopshaped, with the base practically at the junction of the 

second and third chambers. Length 0.60 mm., diameter 

0.35 mm.

The types are from the Miocene of Los Sauces Creek, 

Ventura County, California. Kleinpell records the species 

from the upper and lower Saucesian and questionably 

from the upper Luisian of California. It occurs in the 

Pliocene, above the base of the first Pico sandstone, 

Canada de Aliso, Ventura County, California: at 210 and 

260 feet stratigraphically above the base, 2%0 miles N. 

75° E. of La Crosse Junction; and at 3140 feet stratigraphically above the base, 2% miles S. 88° E. of La 

Crosse Junction. It has also been recorded from the 

Miocene Gallaway formation and the Oligocene Sandholdt formation of California.

This form has been given specific rank, as it does not 

seem to be varietally related to Bulimina inflata Seguenza. 

The chambers are arranged in more regular series and 

are more rounded and inflated, the costae are arranged 

in more definite longitudinal lines and are very definitely 

broken at the sutures. The costae are more definite and 

regular than in B. rinconensis Cushman and Laiming, 

the test is less fusiform, and the aperture is placed lower.

Bulimina rinconensis Cushman and Laiming

Plate 26, figure 15

Bulimina rinconensis Cushman and Laiming, Jour. Paleontology, 

vol. 5, p. 107, pi. 11, figs. 18a, b, 1931.

Kleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of California, p. 258, Tulsar

1938.

Renz, 8th Am. Sci. Congress Proc., p. 556 (list), 1942. 

Weaver, Washington Univ. [Seattle] Pub. in Geology, vol. 6r

no. 1, p. 23 (list), 1944. 

Bulimiiia cf. B. rinconensis Cushman and Hobson, Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 62, pi. 9, figs. 4a, b, 1935.

Test about twice as long as broad, with the greatest 

breadth toward the apertural end, somewhat fusiform, 

consisting of 5 or 6 whorls; chambers fairly distinct 

except in early portion of the test, arranged in regular 

series, inflated, somewhat angular; sutures distinct, depressed; wall ornamented by bluntly pointed, low, broad, 

rounded costae, at the base of the chambers in the lastformed whorls and across the whole chamber in the 

earlier ones; aperture fairly long, loop-shaped, placed at 

the apex of the test, well above the junction of the second 

and third chambers. Length 0.50 mm., diameter 0.25 mm.

The types are from the Miocene on Lo? Sauces Creek, 

Ventura County, California. The species occurs in the 

Oligocene ( ?) San Lorenzo formation of California. Kleinpell records it from the Miocene, lower Saucesian and 

upper and lower Zemorrian, of California. In the Pliocene 

it is found at several localities above the base of the first 

Pico sandstone in Canada de Aliso, Ventura County, 

California: at 260 feet stratigraphically above the base in 

brown siltstone, 2%0 miles N. 75° E. of La Crosse Junction; at 3140 feet stratigraphically above the base in gray 

siltstone, 2% miles S. 88° E. of La Crosse Junction; and 

at 8240 feet stratigraphically above the 1 ^se in a shaly 

parting of a conglomerate member, 2% miles S. 72° E. 

of La Crosse Junction. It occurs also in the Pliocene on 

the west side of Atlantic Blvd., 1275 fee* N. 13° E. of 

northwestern corner of intersection of Harding Ave., 

Los Angeles, California. The species has been recorded, 

but without figures, from the Oligocene of Trinidad and 

Costa Rica, and from the Miocene of Trinidad.

The species differs from Bulimina alligata Cushman 

and Laiming in the more fusiform test, ir the placing of 

the aperture nearer the apex of the test, and in the less 

regular, bluntly pointed costae. The costae are more 

rounded than in Bulimina subacitminata Cushman and 

R. E. Stewart, and it lacks an initial spine.

Bulimina delreyensis Cushman and Galliher

Plate 26, figure 16

Bulimina delreyensis Cushman and Galliher, Cusrman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 10, p. 25, pi. 4, figs, fa, b, 1934. 

Bulimina buchiana Cushman and Ponton (not D'Orbigny), Florida

Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 78, pi. 12, figs, la, b, 1932.

Test about twice as long as broad, tapering from the 

subacute initial end to the greatest breadth at the last 

whorl, rounded in transverse section; chambers distinct, 

slightly inflated, increasing uniformly in size as added;
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 113

sutures distinct, very slightly depressed; wall ornamented 

with a few, distinct, longitudinal costae, independent of 

the chambers, with secondary costae coming in between 

the primary costae as growth progresses, the uppermost 

part% of the last 2 chambers smooth; aperture very narrow, elongate, on the somewhat flattened apex of the 

test. Length 1.00 mm., diameter 0.50 mm.

The species was described from the Miocene Monterey 

shale in the diatomite quarry, 4 miles east of Del Monte, 

south side of Canyon Del Rey, California.

The form from the Yoldla zone of the Choctawhatchee 

formation of Florida, described by Cushman and Ponton 

as Bulimina buchiana D'Orbigny is very close to this 

species except that the test is somewhat more ovate.

The species somewhat resembles Bulimina buchiana 

D'Orbigny but differs from it in having fewer, more 

regular costae that extend well up onto the chambers of 

the last whorl, in having the chambers of the last whorl 

forming a much smaller proportion of the whole test, and 

in the flattened character of the apex of the' test, which 

in B. buchiana is somewhat ovate.

Bulimina carnerosensis Cushman and Kleinpell

Plate 26, figure 17

Bulimina carnerosensis Cushman and Kleinpell, Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 10, p. 5, pi. 1, figs. 12a, b, 1934. 

Kleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of California, p. 252, Tulsa,

1938. 

Weaver, Washington Univ. [Seattle] Pub. in Geology, vol. 6.

p. 23 (list), 1944.

Test short, ovate, somewhat compressed, periphery 

slightly lobulate, greatest breadth toward the apertural 

end; chambers fairly distinct, somewhat inflated, increasing in height as added; sutures fairly distinct, somewhat 

depressed, very slightly oblique, becoming nearly horizontal in the last-formed portion; wall ornamented by low, 

longitudinal, regular costae independent of the individual 

chambers, lapping over the outer end of the last 2 

chambers; aperture elongate, nearly straight, running well 

into the terminal face. Length 0.40 mm., diameter 

0.20 mm.

The species was described from the Miocene on Carneros Creek, California, 295 feet stratigraphically above 

the base of the Temblor formation. Kleinpell records it 

from the upper and lower Zemorrian of California and 

Weaver from Gallaway formation, near Point Arena, 

California.

This species is, in some ways, similar to Bulimina buchiana D'Orbigny but differs from it in having fewer, 

heavier costae that are continuous almost to the top of 

the last-formed whorl. It also resembles Bulimina delreyensis Cushman and Galliher, differing from it in being 

much smaller and in having a more ovate test.

Bulimina carnerosensis Cushman and Kleinpell 

var. mahoneyi Cushman and Kleinpell

Plate 26', figure 18

Bulimina carnerosensis Cushman and Kleinpell var. mahoneyi 

Cushman and Kleinpell, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 10,'p. 5, pi. 1, figs. 13a, b, 1934.

The variety differs from the typical form in its large" 

size, greater -length in proportion to its width, and in the 

sutures, which become more oblique in the later portion 

of the test.

This variety was described from the Miocene on Carneros Creek, California, 310 feet stratigraphically abov* 

the base of the Temblor formation. It occurs 15 feet 

above the typical form and evidently represents a development from it.

Bulimina uvigerinaformis Cushman and Kleinpell

Plate 26, figure 19

Bulimina uvigerinaformis Cushman and Kleinpell, Cushman Lat, 

Foram. Research Con.tr., vol. 10, p. 5, pi. 1, figs. 14a, 1 

1934.

?Kleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of California, p. 261, Tulsa.

i 'v.i,

Test fusiform, greatest breadth near the middle, 

rounded in transverse section, periphery somewhat lobulate ; chambers numerous, distinct, inflated, later chambers 

globular; sutures distinct, depressed; wall ornamented by 

longitudinal costae, more or less independent on each 

chamber, somewhat broken at the sutures; aperture in 

the adult elongate, somewhat curved, with a slight lip, 

sometimes terminal, not reaching to the base of the chamber. Length 1.10 mm., diameter 0.45 mm.

The types are from the Miocene, 335 feet stratigraphically above the top of a prominent chert bed, 10 feet 

thick, expo'sed at base of ocean bluffs, immediately east of 

mouth of Dos Pueblos Creek, west of Naples, California. 

Kleinpell records somewhat similar specimens, having 

continuous, more numerous costae, from the Monterey 

shale near El Toro, California.

This species represents an intermediate form between 

the genus Uvigerina and Bulimina. In many respects it 

more closely approaches the former in the shape and 

arrangement of the chambers and the presence of a terminal aperture. The aperture, however, has no neck, ani 

is elongate and slit-like in shape. This uvigerine character 

makes it easily separable from other known species.

Bulimina pseudoaffinis Kleinpell

Plate 26, figure 20

Bulimina pseudoaffinis Kleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of California, p. 257, pi. 9, fig. 9, Tulsa, 1938.
114 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Weaver, Washington Univ. [Seattle] Pub. in Geology, vol. 6, 

p. 23 (list), 1944.

Test of medium size, somewhat tapering, with the 

broadest portion just above the middle, periphery slightly 

lobulate; consisting of about 3 whorls, the last-formed 

whorl forming as much as four-fifths of the test; chambers distinct, inflated; sutures distinct, depressed; wall 

smooth, finely perforate; aperture elongate, commashaped. Length of holotype 0.64 mm., diameter 0.40 mm.

The species was described from the Miocene, lower 

Relizian, Reliz Canyon, Monterey County, California 

(sample C.4, Leland Stanford Junior Univ. loc. 691). 

Kleinpell also records it from the upper Saucesian, lower 

and upper Relizian of Reliz Canyon. A study of the 

plesiotypes of two forms recorded as Bulimina ovula 

D'Orbigny shows specimens closely related to Kleinpell's 

species except that they have more tapered tests. They 

were found in the Monterey shale, San Luis Obispo 

County, (Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 2, p. 55, pi. 7, fig. 2, 1926) and the Vaqueros 

formation of Simi Valley, California (Cushman and 

LeRoy, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 12, p. 125, pi. 22, fig. 18, 

1938). Weaver records it from the Point Arena formation 

of California.

This form is less tapered, with more rounded chambers 

than Bulimina pseudotorta Cushman. It is much smaller 

and has more inflated chambers than B. affinis D'Orbigny. 

It is more tapering, with a more flattened apertural end 

than B. pupoides D'Orbigny. Kleinpell relates it to 

B. ozmla D'Orbigny, but the latter species is broadly 

ovate, very involute, and has a well-developed tooth.

Bulimina delmonteensis Kleinpell

Plate 26, figure 21

Bulimina montereyana Kleinpell var. delmonteensis Kleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of California, p. 255, pi. 16, fig. 9, Tulsa, 

1938.

Test of medium size, rapidly tapering, somewhat ovate 

with the broadest portion about one-third of the distance 

from the apertural end, consisting of 2 to 3 whorls; chambers distinct, those of last-formed whorl slightly inflated; 

sutures distinct, very slightly depressed; aperture loopshaped, very slightly curved, placed at the apex of the test, 

with a slight tooth. Length of holotype 0.58 mm., diameter 

0.38 mm.

The types are from the Miocene, lower Delmontian, 

Reliz Canyon (Leland Stanford Junior LTniv. loc. 691), 

California. The species has been recorded by Kleinpell 

from the Miocene, ranging from the upper Luisian to the 

lower Delmontian of California. Our material is from the 

Miocene Tice shale of Contra Costa County, California, 

at which locality Kleinpell records the species in abundance.

This species seems to have more than a varietal difference from Bulimina (Des'mobulumna) montereyana 

Kleinpell. It shows no sign of having a terminal aperture, 

has less inflated, somewhat differently shaped chambers, 

is more tapered, and the apertural end is not truncate. 

It differs from B. pseudotorta Cushman in being much 

shorter, more ovate, and in having less inflated, less 

angled chambers.

Bulimina ovula D'Orbigny var. pedroana Kleinpell

Plate 26, figure 22

Bulmnina ovula D'Orbigny var. pedroana Kleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of California, p. 257, pi. 22, fig. 13, Tulsa, 1938.'

Variety differing from the typical form in the more 

tapering, less fusiform test, which has more whorls and a 

broader base, and in the more inflated chambers and depressed sutures. Length 0.70 mm., diamete- 0.56 mm.

The types are from the Miocene, lower Delmontian, 

Malaga mudstone of San Pedro, California.

This variety is much less involute than tH. typical form. 

The chambers are more inflated and increase much less 

rapidly in height as added than those of "Bulimina ovula 

Cushman and Moyer" from the Recent of San Pedro, 

California (referred by us to B. affinis D'Orbigny), a 

form which Kleinpell says is close to his variety.

Bulimina microlongistriata, LeE iy

Plate 30, figure 14

Bulimina microlongistriata LeRoy, Colorado f<:hool of Mines

Quart., vol. 36, no. 1, p. 32, pi. 1, figs. 97, 98, 1941. 

Glaessner, Royal Soc. Victoria Proc., vol. 55 (n. ser.), pt. 1,

p. 68 (list), 1943.

LeRoy, Colorado School of Mines Quart., vcl. 39, no. 3, p. 26, 

pi. 1,'fig. 2; pi. 5, fig. 11; p. 84, pi. 2, fig. 3, 1944.

Test medium, about twice as long as broad, widest in upper twothirds, tapers rather gradually; chambers distinc'-, slightly inflated 

toward apertural end; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall 

transparent, covered with very minute longitudinal striae the entire length of test, although on some specimens the last chamber 

is smooth; aperture a narrow loop. Length 0.68 mm., height 

0.38 mm.

In general characteristics and outline this species appears to be 

closely related to Bulimina siibornata Brady but differs from it 

primarily in that it lacks the basal spine.—LeRoy.

This species was described from the late Tertiary 

(uppermost Miocene or early Pliocene) of the Sangkoelirang Bay area on the east coast of Borneo. It has been 

recorded from the Miocene of central Sumatra and west 

Java.

Bulimina echinata D'Orbigny

Plate 26, figures 23, 24

Bulwnina echi-nata D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat, vol. 7, p. 260, 

no. 5, 1826.
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 115

Fornasini, Soc. geo'l. italiana Boll., vol. 20, p. 176, text fig. 2,

1901; Accad. sci. 1st. Bologna Mem., ser. 5, vol. 9, p. 379,

pi. 0, fig. 38, 1901. 

Heron-Alien and Earland, Linnean Soc. London Trans., vol.

2, ser. 2, p. 235, pi. 41, fig..3, 1916. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 3, p. 99, pi. 15, fig. 6,

1922. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 14, p. 54, pi. 9, figs. 3, 4, 1938. 

Parr, Min. and Geol. Jour., vol. 1, no. 4, p. 67, pi., fig. 7, 1939.

Test medium in size, elongate, with almost parallel 

sides in the megalospheric form, shorter and much more 

tapering in the microspheric, consisting of 4 to 5 whorls; 

chambers distinct, inflated; sutures distinct, depressed; 

wall of upper part of test smooth, finely perforate, lower 

part covered with short, very fine, sharp spines which 

occasionally extend up to cover all the test except for the 

upper part of the last-formed whorl, with occasional 

shaped, with a well defined lip. Length 0.45 to 0.60 mm., 

longer spines at the initial end; aperture broad, loopdiameter 0.25 to 0.30 mm.

The types are from the Pliocene near Siena, Italy. The 

species occurs in the Miocene of San Rufillo, near 

Bologna, Italy; from several localities in the Pliocene of 

Italy; from the Pliocene of Garrobo, southern Spain, and 

the Pliocene of Victoria, Australia. It is found in the 

present ocean off Rimini, Italy, and has been recorded 

from off the west coast of Scotland.

This species resembles Bulimina elongata D'Orbigny 

var. lappa Cushman and Parker but is more tapering,, 

has more depressed sutures, and sharper spines, which 

usually cover a greater part of the test. It is closely related to the B. elongata group but is much more spinose 

in character and has more deeply depressed sutures.

Bulimina costata D'Orbigny

Plate 27, figures 2, 3

Bulimina costata D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat, vol. 7, p. 269, no. 1,

1826.

Fornasini, Soc. geol. italiana Boll., vol. 20, p. 174, fig. 1, 1901. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 14, p. 54, pi. 9, figs. 1, 2, 1938. 

f'Bulimina buchiana Egger (not D'Orbigny), Naturh. Ver. Passau

Jahresber. 16, p. 18, pi. 4, figs. 9, 10 (fig. 11?), 1895. 

Bulimina inflata H. B. Brady (not Seguenza) (part), Challenger 

Rept, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 406, pi. 51, figs. 11, 13 (not figs. 

10, 12), 1884.

Macfadyen, Egypt Geol. Survey, 1930, p. 55, pi. 1, fig. 20, 

1931.

Test small, about twice as long as broad, microspheric 

form gradually tapering, megalospheric with the widest 

portion about halfway up the test, consisting of about 5 

whorls in the adult form; chambers fairly distinct, especially in the last-formed whorls, somewhat undercut; 

sutures distinct, depressed; wall of upper part of last

whorl smooth, otherwise ornamented with longitudinal 

costae, usually broken at the sutures with a sharp poirt, 

occasionally crossing the sutures, perforate; apertu-e 

loop-shaped, narrow, with a distinct lip. Length 0.40 to 

0.50 mm., diameter 0.22 to 0.28 mm.

The types of the species are% from the Pliocene of 

Coroncina, Italy. It occurs in the Miocene of Hungary, 

the Vienna Basin, Italy, and Egypt, with similar specimens in the Miocene of Venezuela; in J:he Pliocene of 

Italy, France, and Sicily; in the Pleistocene of Malaga, 

Spain; and in Recent material from Rimini, Italy, ard 

near Ireland.

This species is smaller than Bulimina buchwra, 

D'Orbigny and has more irregular, broken costae, which 

make what D'Orbigny calls a "keeled" effect at the suture. 

It is more definitely costate than B. alsatica Cushman ard 

Parker. The species is very variable and it is sometimes 

difficult to separate the non-typical specimens of these 

three species.

Bulimina acanthia Costa

Plate 26, figures 25-27; plate 27, figure 1

Bulimina acanthia Costa, Accad. pontaniana Atti, vol. 8, pt. 2r

P. 335, pi. 13, figs. 35, 36, 1856. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.^

vol. 14, p. 61, 1938. 

Bulimina etnea Seguenza, Accad. gioenia sci. nat. Atti, ser. 2,

vol. 18, p. 24, pi. 1, fig. 9, 1862. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,.

vol. 14, p. 59, pi. 10, figs. 6-9, 1938. 

Bulimina margitwta Terrigi (not D'Orbigny), Pont, accad. sci.

Nuovi Lincei Atti, vol. 33, p. 72, pi. 2, figs. 35, 36, 1880.

Test of medium size, tapering, usually terminated by a 

small spine or spines, about twice as long as broad, consisting of 4 to 7 whorls; chambers distinct, those of last 

whorl inflated, in the adult forms with a distinct overhang 

in the last 1 or 2 whorls in the microspheric form, and 

sometimes throughout the test in the megalospheric; sutures distinct, depressed; wall smooth, polished, finel" 

perforate, the overhanging chambers having a very slight 

scalloping along the edge with occasional small spines; 

aperture a broad, loop-shaped opening, with a distinct lip. 

Length up to 0.65 mm., diameter up to 0.30 mm.

The types are from the Pliocene of Lequile and Notaresco, Italy. The species occurs at several localities in tha 

Pliocene of Italy and Sicily. The species described as 

Bulimina pulchella by Cushman and Moyer (not D'Orbigny) (Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. C: 

p. 56, pi. 7, fig. 19, 1930) from the Recent off San Pedrc, 

California is very close to this form.

This species resembles Bulimina marginata D'Orbigny 

but even the most advanced megalospheric specimens 

do not show the uniform undercutting of the chambers 

seen in that species. The chambers are more undercut
116 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

than in B. gibba Fornasini, and the basal portion of the 

test is not angled. The species is very variable. Several 

figures are given in an attempt to show some of the 

variations.

Bulimina pustulosa Costa

Plate 27, figure 5

Bulimina pustulosa Costa, Accad. pontaniana Atti, vol. 8, pt. 2, 

p. 268, pi. 15, fig. 8 (incorrectly referred to figs. 6, 7, in 

text), 1856.

Costa describes this species as ovately conical, more or 

less elongate, initial end acute, apertural end obtuse, 

rounded; 5 to 9 chambers, large, inflated, subglobular; 

wall finely papillate. Length 0.70 mm.

The types are from the Pliocene, near Naples, Italy. 

The figure and description suggest Dorothia globosa 

(D'Orbigny).

Bulimina pedunculata Costa

Plate 27, figure 6

Buhmina pedunculata Costa, Accad. pontaniana Atti, vol. 8, pt. 2, 

p. 336, pi. 18, fig. 13 (incorrectly referred to fig. 16, in 

text), 1856.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 14, p. 62, 1938.

Test oval, pointed at the bottom, initial end obtuse; 

4 or 5 chambers, the first two separated by a transverse 

suture, later ones large, involute, the last prolonged into 

a sort of peduncle, at the end of which is the slit-like 

aperture. Length 1.00 mm.

A summary of Costa's description of the species from 

the Pliocene of Cannitello near Naples, Italy, is given. 

It is doubtful if it belongs in Bulimina.

Bulimina peucetia Costa

Plate 27, figure 4

Bulimina peuceiia Costa, Accad. pontaniana Atti, vol. 8, pt. 2, p. 

338, pi. 18, fig. 15 (peucetiae affinis in expl.), 1856.

Bulimina "peucetiae affinis" Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 62, 1938.

Test subovate, somewhat pointed at the initial end, 

apertural end obtuse or almost truncate; composed of 7 

or 8 chambers, inflated, almost biserial but slightly coiled, 

distinct with deep sutures, last chamber almost covering 

the two preceding ones; aperture elongate. Length 

1.00 mm.

This species was described from the Pliocene of Bari, 

near Naples, Italy. It is doubtful whether it belongs in 

Bulimina. A summary of Costa's description is given.

Bulimina subcalva Cushman and K. C. Stew art

Plate 27, figure 7

Bulimina subcalva Cushman and K. C. Stewart, in Cushman, 

Stewart and Stewart, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., 

vol. 6, p. 65, pi. 4, figs, lla, b, 1930.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 14, p. 55, pi. 9, figs. 8a-c, 1938.

Test slightly longer than broad, rapidly tapering from 

the greatest width near the apertural end to the acute 

initial end, with a distinct, basal spine, consisting usually 

of 4 or 5 whorls; chambers distinct, somewhat inflated, 

those of successive whorls alined in serie?; sutures distinct, depressed; wall of the chambers ornamented by 

distinct, somewhat plate-like costae that do not cross the 

sutures and are terminated by slightly spinose projections, 

upper part of last whorl smooth, finely perforate; aperture elongate, loop-shaped, placed above the junction of 

the second and third chambers, with a slight lip. Length 

of holotype 0.53 mm., diameter 0.35 mm.

The types are from the Pliocene of Scotia Bluffs, about 

160 yards southward from north line of SE % sec. 5, 

T. 1 N., R. 1 E., H. M., Humbolt County, California. The 

species occurs also in the Pliocene of Lomita Quarry, 

Palos Verdes Hills, California.

The species differs from Bulimina subacuminata Cushman and R. E. Stewart in being typically less fusiform, 

and in having the costae less pronounced and with somewhat spinose projections. It differs from B. alligata 

Cushman and Laiming in having the spinose projections 

and a basal spine.

Bulimina subacuminata Cushman and R. E. Stewart

Plate 27, figure 8

Bulimina subacuminata Cushman and R. E. Stewart, in Cushman, 

Stewart and Stewart, San Diego Soc. Nat, History Trans., 

vol. 6, p. 65, pi. 5, figs. 2, 3a, b, 1930.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 14, p. 56, pi. 9, fig. 9, 1938.

Hanna and Hertlein, State of Calif., Div. of Mines, Bull. 

118, p. 180, fig. 67 [plate], fig. 39, 1941.

Test about twice as long as broad, somewhat fusiform, 

tapering from the broadest portion near the base of the 

last-formed whorl, with a well developed basal spine, 

consisting of 6 whorls in the adult; chambers fairly distinct, those of last whorl slightly inflated; sutures fairly 

distinct, depressed; wall perforate, upper part of lastformed whorl smooth, remainder of test ornamented by 

thin, high, plate-like costae, usually broker at the sutures 

but occasionally continuous across them, the lower end of 

the costae often angled; aperture loop-shaped, placed well 

above the junction of the second and third chambers. 

Length 0.50 mm., diameter 0.28 mm.
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 117

The types are from the Pliocene on Bear River, NE l/4 

sec. 20, T. 1 N, R. 2 W., H. M., Humboldt County, 

Calif. Similar, though more tapered, specimens were 

found at 1,030 feet and 1,175 feet stratigraphically above 

the base of the first Pico sandstone, in brown sandy shale 

near the base of a conglomerate member, and in gray 

siltstone respectively, 2% miles N. 77° E. of La Crosse 

Junction, Canada de Aliso, Ventura County, California.

The species differs from Bulimrna rinconcnsis Cushman 

and Laiming in the thinner, higher costae and in having 

a basal spine.

Bulimina pagoda Cushman var. hebespinata 

R. E. and K. C. Stewart

Plate 27, figures 9, 10 "

Bulimina pagoda Cushman var. hebespinata R. E. and K. C. Stewart, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 63, pi. 8, figs. 3a, b, 1930. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 14, p. 55, pi. 9, figs. 6, 7, 1938.

Variety differing from the typical form in having much 

heavier, blunter spines that are the continuation of rather 

indistinct, short costae and that do not project as far as 

those of the typical form. Length of holotype 0.40 mm., 

diameter 0.30 mm.

The types are from the Pliocene, lower part of Pico 

formation, at a drilling depth of 5,348 feet in the Miley 

H. & H. no. 1 well of the Richfield Oil Company of California, Rincon Oil Field, sec. 17, T. 3 N., R. 24 W., 

S. B. M., Ventura County, Calif. The variety occurs also 

5,175 feet above the base of the first Pico sandstone, 

Canada de Aliso, Ventura County, California, and at the 

south side of Garvey Blvd., 100 yards west of intersection 

with Atlantic Blvd., Repetto Hills, Los Angeles, California.

It differs from Bulimina rinconensis Cushman and 

Laiming in having a more tapered test and projecting 

spines.

Bulimina fossa Cushman and Parker

Plate 27, figure 11

Bulimina fossa Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 56, pi. 9, fig. 10, 1938.

Test nearly twice as long as broad, tapering from the 

greatest breadth at the last-formed whorl to the subacute 

initial end, apertural end broadly rounded, consisting of 6 

or more whorls; chambers slightly inflated, increasing 

very gradually and rather regularly in size; sutures distinct, only slightly depressed; wall with distinct, longitudinal costae which are only slightly raised, continuous 

across the sutures from the base to the lower part of the 

last-formed whorl, divided as growth proceeds; aperture 

loop-shaped, with a distinct, raised lip. Length of holotype 0.30 mm., diameter 0.18 mm.

695464—47———5

The types are from the Pliocene, in brown siltstone, 

210 feet stratigraphically above the base of the first Pi".o 

sandstone, Canada de Aliso, 2.3 miles N. 75° E. of La 

Crosse Junction, Ventura County, California. It is rot 

known elsewhere.

The species is more elongate and has finer, mere 

numerous costae than Bulimina alazanensis Cushmrn. 

The chambers are more inflated and the costae are lower 

than in B. truncana Gtimbel, and the test is narrower in 

proportion to the length.

Bulimina marginospinata Cushman and Parker

Plate 27, figure 12

Bulimina marginospinata Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 57, pi. 9, fig. 11, 1938

Test fusiform, greatest breadth somewhat below tHe 

middle, nearly twice as long as broad, initial end acute, 

consisting of about 5 whorls in the adult; chambers d;stinct, somewhat inflated, the last 3 in the adult making 

up much the larger part of the test, increasing rapidly in 

size as added, greatly overlapping; sutures distinct, oHy 

slightly depressed; wall mostly smooth, finely perforate, 

with a small number of short spines at the basal margin 

of the chambers; aperture elongate, with a distinct, raised 

lip. Length 0.40 to 0.45 mm., diameter 0.25 to 0.28 nm.

The types are from the Pliocene, first gully north of 

Lomita Quarry, Palos Verdes Hills, Los Angeles County, 

California. It is found also in the Pliocene of the Repetto 

Hills, Los Angeles County, California.

This species has more chambers than Bulimina fiyn'la 

D'Orbigny, and a more tapered test with shorter, broader 

chambers than B. ovata D'Orbigny.

Bulimina denudata Cushman and Parker

Plate 27, figures 13, 14

Bulimina pagoda Cushman var. denudata Cushman and Parker,

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 57, pi.

10, figs, la-c, 2a-c, 1938. 

Bulimina marginata Galloway and Wissler (not D'Orbigny), Jo*ir.

Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 73, pi. 11, fig. 17, 1927. 

Bulimina pulchella Cushman (not D'Orbigny), Scripps Inst.

Oceanography Bull., Tech. ser., vol. 1, p. 152, pi. 2, fig. 13,

1927.

Test 2 or more times as long as broad, fusiform in t^e 

megalospheric form, tapering from the broadest part neT 

the apex of the test in the microspheric, initial end sometimes with a small basal spine, consisting of as many as 7 

whorls; chambers distinct, early chambers not inflated, 

later chambers inflated, undercut at the margins, not increasing very much in height as added so the last whorl is 

shallow and often projecting; sutures distinct, flush with 

the surface in the initial portion, later portion depressed; 

wall of the margin of the undercut chambers very slightly
118 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

and irregularly toothed, remainder smooth, finely perforate ; aperture loop-shaped, at apex of test. Length 0.32 to 

0.57 mm., diameter 0.12 to 0.27 mm.

The types are from the Pliocene of Canada Seca, 

2,300 feet stratigraphically above the base of a bluishgray shale, 3.6 miles S. 50° E. of La Crosse Junction, 

Ventura County, California. The species is found also in 

the Pliocene of Canada de Aliso, Ventura County, California, 2.4 miles S. 88° E. of La Crosse Junction, in gray 

siltstone 3,200 feet stratigraphically above the base of the 

first Pico sandstone, -and 2.4 miles N. 77° E. of La Crosse 

Junction in brown sandy shale, near base of a conglomerate member, 1,030 feet stratigraphically above base of 

the first Pico sandstone. It occurs in the Pliocene of San 

Pedro, California and in the Pleistocene of Lomita. 

Quarry, Palos Verdes Hills, 2 miles south of Lomita, 

Los Angeles County, California. It is found in Recent 

material iy2 miles south of Scripps Institution Pier, 

La Jolla, California, at a depth of 9 feet.

This species was originally described as a variety of 

Bulimitia pagoda Cushman. There seems, however, to be a 

specific difference between the two forms. In B. denudata 

the margins of the chambers are undercut sharply so that 

the chambers overhang, in B. pagoda the chambers are 

undercut so they project but do not overhang the preceding 

ones. The latter is much shorter in proportion to its 

length and tapers more rapidly.

Bulimina denudata has many of the characteristics of 

B. marginata D'Orbigny but differs from it in the much 

shallower character of the last whorl, which projects 

more and gives a pagoda-like effect, in the lack of undercutting of the early chambers, and in the less regularly 

toothed margin of the chambers.

Bulimina denudata Cushman and Parker var. deformata 

Cushman and Parker

Plate 27, figure 15

Bulimina pagoda Cushman var. deformata Cushman and Parker,

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 58, pi.

10, figs. 3a-c, 1938. 

Bulimina pagoda Cushman, Stewart and Stewart (not Cushman),

San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., vol. 6; p. 66, pi. 5,

figs. 6a-c, 1930.

Variety differing from the typical form in the chambers, which are undercut almost throughout the test, 

have a more crenulated margin with occasional spines, 

are more projecting, and sometimes somewhat twisted.

The types are from the Pliocene of Charley Hill 

Gulch (Branch of Ryan's Slough), center of W^2 sec. 5, 

T. 4 N., R. 1 E., H. M., Humboldt County, California. 

The variety is not known elsewhere.

This variety differs from Bulimina nmrglnata D'Orbigny in the shallow character of the last-formed whorls 

and having more projecting chambers.

Bulimina inflata Seguenza

Plate 27, figures 16, 17

Bulimitia inflata Seguenza, Accad. gioenia sci. net. Atti, ser. 2,

vol. 18, p. 25, pi. 1, fig. 10, 1862. 

PBrady, Parker, and Jones, Zool. Soc. London Trans., vol. 12,

p. 220, pi. 43, fig. 9, 1888. 

Silvestri, Accad. sci. Acireale Atti e Rend., vol 5, p. 12, pi. 5,

figs. 68, 69, 1893. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 14, p. 58, pi. 10, figs. 4, 5, 1938. 

Phleger, Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 50, p. 1422, pi. 3,

fig. 25, 1939. 

Cushman and Henbest, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 196-A,

pi. 9, fig. 18, 1940. 

Valk, in Rutten and Hotz, Geol. Petr. and Pal. Results of

Explorations in the island of Ceram, 3d se~., Geol., no. 1,

p. 23,1945. 

Bulimina inflata Seguenza var. Schwager, Com. geol. italiana,

Boll., vol. 9, p. 529, pi. 1, fig. 19, 1878.

Test of medium size, widest near top, about l 1/^ times 

as long as broad, consisting of 4 to 5 whorls, the lastformed whorl forming at least one-third of the test; 

chambers fairly distinct, those of last whorl inflated; 

sutures distinct in upper portion of test, somewhat depressed; wall of uppermost part of last-formed chamber 

smooth, otherwise costate, with numerous plate-like costae 

which are sometimes broken at the sutures but are often 

continuous across them, coarsely perforate; aperture loopshaped, with a distinct lip, either at, or just above, the 

junction of the second and third chambers. Length 0.45 

to 0.55 mm., diameter 0.30 to 0.40 mm.

The types are from the Pleistocene of Catania, Sicily. 

We have material from the Pliocene of Calabria, Messina, 

and the clay pit behind the Vatican, Rome, Italy; and 

from Garrobo, Spain. In the Miocene the species occurs 

at Niederlies, Austria; on the sea coast near Manta, 

Ecuador; and in Venezuela. In the Recent seas it occurs 

at Rimini, Italy, and near Ireland. It has been recorded 

from the Abrohlos Bank, Brazil, by Brady, Parker and 

Jones, but this record is subject to question, and it is possible that their form represents Bulimina striata D'Orbigny var. mexicana Cushman. It is also recorded from 

deep sea cores in the North Atlantic.

This species differs from Bulimina buchia^a D'Orbigny 

and B. costata D'Orbigny in its test, which is rapidly 

tapering instead of fusiform and in the much larger proportion of the test occupied by the last-formed whorl. It 

differs from B. striata D'Orbigny in the Ir.ck of a basal 

spine, in the much less marked break in the costae at the 

sutures, and in the resulting lack of the effect of marginal 

overhang of the chambers.

There are numerous other records for this species but 

the figures given show that the specimens must be restudied before they can be placed with certainty.
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 119

Bulimina striata D'Orbigny

Plate 28, figures 1-3

Bulimina striata D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat, vol. 7, p. 269, no. 2,

1826. 

Guerin-Meneville's Cuvier, Iconographie, Mollusques, p. 9,

pi. 2, fig. 16, 1829-1843. 

Fornasini, Accad. sci. 1st. Bologna Mem., ser. 5, vol. 9,

p. 371, fig. 1, 1901. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 14, p. 90, pi. 16, figs. 1-3, 1938. 

LeRoy, Colorado School of Mines Quart., vol. 39, no. 3, p. 26,

pi. 1, fig. 5, 1944. 

Bulimina inflata Flint (not Seguenza) (part), U. S. Nat. Mus.

Rept., 1897, p. 291, pi, 37, fig. 5, 1899.

Test medium in size, composed of about 5 whorls, 

tapering from the widest portion near the top of the lastformed whorl, with a short, stout basal spine; chambers 

distinct, especially in the last-formed whorl, increasing 

regularly in size as added, those of each whorl slightly 

overhanging the previous ones, slightly inflated; sutures 

distinct in the last whorl, slightly depressed; wall ornamented with heavy, low longitudinal costae that extend up 

almost to the top of the last-formed whorl and that are 

broken at the sutures; aperture elongate, loop-shaped, at 

the junction of the second and third chambers. Length 

0.40 to 0.65 mm., diameter 0.30 to 0.50 mm.

The types are from Recent material from Rimini, 

Italy. The species occurs also in the western Atlantic 

south of Cape Cod. Le Roy has referred specimens from 

the Miocene of Sumatra to this species.

This species differs from Bulimina inflata Seguenza in 

having the costae cut off at the sutures and in the presence of a basal spine.

Bulimina striata D'Orbigny van mexicana Cushman

Plate 28, figure 4

Bulimina inflata. Seguenza var. mexicana Cushman, U. S. Nat.

Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 3, p. 95, pi. 21, fig. 2, 1922. 

Bulimina inflata Flint (not Seguenza) (part), U. S. Nat. Mus.

Kept, 1897, p. 291, pi. 37, fig. 5, 1899. 

Cushman and Jarvis, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 362, pi. 33,

fig. 5, 1930. 

Bulimina striata D'Orbigny var. mexicana Cushman and Parker,

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, p. 16, pi. 3,

fig. 9, 1940. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, Special Pub. 15, p. 40, pi. 6, fig. 10,

1945.

Variety differing from the typical form in having the 

costae terminated by short, sharp spines.

The types are from Recent material, Albatross sta. 

2377, in 210 fathoms, Lat. 29° 07' 30" N., Long. 88° 

08' W. The variety is found in Recent material, from 

the western Atlantic along the coast of Georgia and south. 

In the Pacific it is found as far north as Lat. 43°, and in

the Philippine region. A somewhat similar form occurs 

in the Philippine region, near the Fiji Islands, and in th? 

Pliocene of Kar Nicobar (Bulimina inflata Schwager 

(not Seguenza), A/oz/ora-Exped., Geol. Theil, vol. £, 

p. 246, pi. 7, fig. 91, 1866; H. B. Brady, Challenger Rept., 

Zoology, vol. 9, p. 406, pi. 51, figs. 10-13, 1884; Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 100, vol. 4,.p. 160, pi. 31, 

fig. 6, 1921) but it is distinguished by having somewhat 

less sharp spines. The variety is found also in the Miccene of Buff Bay, Jamaica.

Bulimina marginata D'Orbigny

Plate 28, figures 5, 6

Bulimina marginata D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat., vol. 7, p. 269,

no. 4, pi. 12, figs. 10-12, 1826. 

Parker and Jones (part), Annals and Mag. Nat. History

ser. 2, vol. 19, p. 296, pi. 11, figs. 39, 40 (not figs. 35-38),

1857. 

H. B. Brady, Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 405, pi. 5\

figs. 3-5, 1884. • 

H. B. Brady, Parker and Jones, Zool. Soc. London Trans1 .,

vol. 12, p. 220, pi. 43, figs. 7, 10, 1888. 

Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss. Abb.., cl. 2, vol. 18, p. 287, pi. 8,

figs. 69, 70, 1893. 

Goes, K. svenska vetensk. akad. Handl., vol. 25, no. 9, p. 45,

pi. 9, figs. 439-444, 1894. 

Jones, Crag Foraminifera, Palaeont. Soc. Pub., pt. 2, p. 16S,

pi. 3, figs. 5, 6, 1895. 

Reade, Geol. Mag., dec. 4, vol. 7, pp. 100, 101 (lists), pi. 5,

fig. 4, 1900. 

Fornasini, Accad. sci. 1st. Bologna Mem., ser. 5, vol. 9, p.

372, 1901; idem, vol. 10, p. 15, 1902. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 2, p. 83, text fig«.

136a, b, 1911.

Applin, Ellisor and Knicker, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 9, p. 98, pi. 3, fig. 4, 1925. 

Ikari, Suisangaku Zasshi, no. 30, p. 3, pi. 1, fig. 7, 1927. 

Cushman and Parker, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 3,

p. 14, 1931. 

Cushman and Ponton, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 77,

pi. 11, fig. 12, 1932.

Macfadyen, Geol. Mag., vol. 69, p. 34, fig. 5, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 5,

pi. 27, figs, lla, b, 1933. 

Cushman and Parker, idem, Contr., vol. 14, p. 91, pi. 16, fig's.

5, 6, 1938; idem, vol. 16, p. 9, pi. 2, figs. 8, 9, 1940. 

Phleger, Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 50, p. 1403, pi. 3,

fig. 23, 1939.

Coryell and Rivero, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 14, p. 341, 1940. 

Macfadyen, Geol. Mag., vol. 79, p. 135 (list), 1942. 

Silvestri and Zangheri, Soc. geol. italiana Boll., vol. 61, p. 88,

1942. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 12,

p. 27, pi. 3, figs, 45, 46, 1944.

Palmer, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 29, no. 115, p. 46, 1945. 

Bulimina pulchella D'Orbigny, Voyage dans 1'Amerique meridionale, vol. 5, pt. 5, Foraminiferes, p. 50, pi. 1, figs. 6, 7,

1839.
120 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Bulimina serrata Bailey, Smithsonian Contr., vol. 2, p. 12, pi., figs.

32-34, 1851. 

Bulimina pupoides D'Orbigny var. marginata Williamson, Recent

Foraminifera of Great Britain, p. 62, pi. 5, figs. 126, 127,

1858. 

Bulimina pr-esli Reuss var. marginata Parker and Jones, Philos.

Trans, vol. 155, p. 372, pi. 15, fig. 10, pi. 17, fig. 70, 1865. 

Bulimina elegans D'Orbigny var. marginata Fornasini, Accad. sci.

1st. Bologna Mem., ser. 5, vol. 9, p. 376,.pi. 0, figs. 7, 14, 33,

39, 1901. 

Bulimina fusiformis Williamson var. marginata Fornasini, idem,

p. 378, pi. 0, figs. 24, 25. 

Bulimina gibba Fornasini var. marginata Fornasini, idem, p. 379,

pi. 0, figs. 15, 19, 22, 26, 35, 42. 

Bulimina patagonica Cushman and Wickenden (not D'Orbigny),

U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 75, art. 9, p. 8, pi. 3, figs, lla, b,

1929. 

Cushman and Kellett, idem, vol. 75, art. 25, p. 7, pi. 3, figs.

4a, b, 1929.

Test medium to large, tapering from the widest point 

in the last whorl; chambers numerous, angled, somewhat 

inflated, undercut at the margin; wall, except for the margins of the chambers, smooth, finely perforate, often 

partially translucent, margins of the chambers ornamented with tooth-like crenulations which are often extended into short, sharp spines; aperture loop-shaped, 

near the apex of the test, well above the junction of the 

second and third chambers, with a well-developed lip. 

Length of figured specimen 0.70 mm., diameter 0.35 mm.

The species was described from Recent material from 

Rimini, Italy. It appears to be a very variable form and 

a study of the abundant material from many parts of the 

world seems to offer no logical method of subdividing 

it. Some specimens are much more elongate and slender 

than others. Some develop long spines at the margins of 

the chambers whereas others have undercut margins with 

almost no ornamentation. Many of the variations appear 

at the same locality, and a few are apparently localized. 

The species has been recorded from the following: Miocene of Louisiana, Florida (Cancellaria zone of the 

Choctawhatchee marl), Haiti, and Jamaica. Pliocene of 

England. Pleistocene of England and cores from the 

western Atlantic. Recent deposits of Rimini, Italy; eastern 

Atlantic Ocean near the British Isles, Norway, and Iceland; western Atlantic Ocean off the coast of North and 

South America, Falkland Islands; Pacific Ocean off the 

coast of South America, Japan, Philippine region, Australia, New Zealand.

This group can be differentiated from the Bulimina 

denudata Cushman and Parker group by the larger proportion of the test occupied by the last-formed whorl and 

the much slighter projection of the chambers, which do 

not flare outward to the same extent.

Bulimina marginata D'Orbigny var. tessellata 

Cushman and Todd

Plate 30, figure 18 

Bulimina marginata D'Orbigny var. tessellata Cushman and Todd,

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 15, p. 39, 

pi. 6, fig. 9, 1945.

Variety differing from the typical in the somewhat coarser 

spines and the wall which has rather large, prominent perforations arranged in linear patterns especially noticeable on the 

smooth, later portion of the chambers.—Cushmar and Todd.

The types are from the Miocene, half a mile east of 

Buff Bay, Jamaica.

Bulimina trilobata D'Orbigny

Plate 28, figure 7

Bulimina trilobata D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat, vol. 7, p. 269,

no. 6, 1826. . 

Parker, Jones and Brady, Annals and Ma?. Nat. History,

ser. 4, vol. 8, p. 172, pi. 11, fig. 127, 1871. 

Fornasini, Accad. sci. 1st. Bologna Mem., ser. 5, vol. 9, p. 373,

text fig. 3, 1901.

Polymorpha pineiformia Soldani (part), Testac^a, vol. 1, pt. 2, 

p. 119, pi. 131, fig. xx, 1791.

The species was described from the Recent material 

from Rimini, Italy. It is difficult, either from the figure 

of Soldani designated by D'Orbigny in 1826 or from the 

later figure published by Fornasini, to refer any of the 

Rimini material to this species. It is possible that the 

form represents a variation of the species Bulimina 

aculeata D'Orbigny, in which case the name B. trilobata 

should be given priority. As no definite assertions can be 

made, however, it would seem best to retain the name 

aculeata, since it has been used so extensively throughout 

the literature.

Bulimina aculeata D'Orbigny

Plate 28, figures 8-11

Bulimina aculeata D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat., vol. 7, p. 269,

no. 7, 1826. 

Parker, Jones and Brady, Annals and Ma?. Nat. History,

ser. 4, vol. 8, p. 172, pi. 11, fig. 128, 1871. 

H. B. Brady, Challenger Rept, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 406, pi. 51,

figs. 7-9, 1884. 

Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss. Abh., cl. 2, vol. 18, p. 287,

pi. 8, figs.' 72, 78, 1893. 

?Jones, Crag Foraminifera, Palaeont. Soc. P'tb., pt. 2, p. 163,

pi. 3, figs. 1, 2, 1895. 

Flint, U. S. Nat. Mus. Rept. for. 1897, p. 201, pi. 37, fig. 4,

1899. 

Fornasini, Accad. sci. 1st. Bologna Mem., ser. 5, vol. 9T

p. 373, text fig. 4, 1901; idem, ser. 5, vol. 10, p. 17, 1902. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 2, p. 86, text fig. 139,

1911; idem, Bull. 100, vol. 4, p. 161, pi. 31, fig. 5, 1921;

idem, Bull. 104, pt. 3, p. 96, pi. 22, figs. 1, 2, 1922. 

Hada, Tohoku Imp. Univ. Sci. Repts., ser. ^, Biol., vol. 6, p.

127, text fig. 84, 1931. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 5, pi.

27, fig. 12, 1933. 

Cushman and Parker, idem, Contr., vol. 14, p. 92, pi. 16,

figs. 8-10, 1938; idem, Contr., vol. 16, p. 11, pi. 2, fig. 16
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA

(in explanation of plate as "Bulimina pupoides D'Orbigny 

var. spinulosa Williamson"), 1940.

Phleger, Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 50, p. 1403, pi. 3, 

fig. 24, 1939.

Cushman and Henbest, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

196-A, pi. 9, fig. 17, 1940.

Chapman, Royal Soc. South. Australia Trans., vol. 65, p. 165, 

1941.

ten Dam and Reinhold, Geol. Stichting Mededeelingen, ser. 

C-V, no. 1, p. 55, 1941.

ten Dam, idem, no. 3, p. Ill, 1944.

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 12, 

p. 28, pi. 3, fig. 47, 1944.

Cushman and Todd, idem, Special Pub. 15, p. 39, pi. 6, fig. 11, 

1945.

Valk, in Rutten and Hotz, Geol. Petr. and Pal. Results of 

Explorations in the island of Ceram, 3rd ser. Geol., no. 1, 

p. 23,1945.

Colom, Inst. Invest. 'Geol., Num. 3 Estudios Geologicos, p. 

159, pi. 10, figs. 174, 175, 1946.

Polyniorpha pineiformia Soldani (part), Testacea, vol. 1, pt. 2, 

p. 118, pi. 127, fig. I?; pi. 130, fig. vv, 1791.

Bulimina pupoides D'Orbigny var. spinulosa Williamson, Recent 

Foraminifera of Great Britain, p. 62, pi. 5, fig. 128, 1858.

Bulimina patagonica Heron-Alien and Earland (not D'Orbigny), 

Discovery Repts., vol. 4, p. 350, pi. 8, figs. 33, 34, 1932.

Test large, tapering from the widest portion in the last 

whorl, initial end subacute, consisting of 4 to 6 whorls; 

chambers distinct, regularly triserial, increasing rapidly 

in size as added, rounded, inflated, especially those of last 

whorl; sutures distinct, depressed; wall of initial portion 

ornamented by heavy spines, sometimes only at the base 

but often extending as much as halfway up the test, otherwise smooth, very finely perforate, polished; aperture 

broadly loop-shaped, in a depression of the apertural face, 

with a raised lip. Length of specimens from Rimini, Italy, 

0.60 to 0.75 mm., diameter 0.40 to 0.50 mm.

The types are from the Recent of Rimini, Italy. The 

species occurs in the Miocene of Kattowitz, Germany, and 

Dax, Dept. of Seine-et-Oise, France, and also in the 

Miocene of Buff Bay, Jamaica. It has been recorded by 

Jones from the Pliocene Crag of England. In the Recent 

seas it is found in the Atlantic along the eastern coast of 

the United States and as far north as Gaspe Bay, and in 

the Pacific in the Australian, Philippine, Hawaiian and 

Japanese regions.

D'Orbigny based the species aculeata -on part of Soldani's species pineiformia, but gave no characterization 

nor figure. It would be difficult to refer anything to Soldani's figure, but the publication of D'Orbigny's figure by 

Fornasini showed clearly what the species is. D'Orbigny's 

definite designation for the species gives his name priority 

over Williamson's name published in 1858.

This species has been confused with Bulimina gibba 

Fornasini. It can be easily differentiated by the globular

last-formed chambers, the rounded rather than threecornered initial end and the more rapidly tapering test. 

The form is very variable as regards the amount and 

character of ornamentation. Some specimens have almost 

no spines whereas others may be spinose halfway up th~ 

test. The spines are usually heavy and short but at times 

may be quite sharp and long.

Bulimina caudigera D'Orbigny

Plate 28, figures 12, 13

Bulimina caudigera D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat., vol. 7, p. 270,

no. 16, Modeles, no. 68, 1826. 

Fornasini, Accad. sci. 1st. Bologna Mem., ser. 5, vol. 9, p. 375,

1901. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 14, p. 94, pi. 16, figs. 17, 18, 1938.

Test broadly fusiform, the basal end very broadly 

rounded, the last-formed whorl forming the greater part 

of the test; chambers distinct, angled, with almost no 

inflation; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall smooth, 

very closely perforate, somewhat translucent; aperture 

loop-shaped, at apex of test, placed well above the suture 

joining the second and third chambers. Length 0.60 to 

070 mm., diameter 0.30 to 0.37 mm.

The types are from Recent material from Rimini, Italy. 

It has not been found elsewhere.

The species differs from Bulimina affinis D'Orbigny in 

the more angled character of the chambers and their 

almost complete lack of inflation. It is also considerable 

smaller.

Bulimina squammigera D'Orbigny

Plate 28, figures 14-16

Bulimina squammigera D'Orbigny, in Barker-Webb and Berthelct, 

Histoire naturelle des lies Canaries, vol. 2, pt. 2, Foramhrferes, p. 137, pi. 1, figs. 22-24, 1839.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 16, p. 8, pi. 2, figs. 5-7, 1940.

Test elongate, almost cylindrical, smooth and polished, although 

marked with small, evenly spaced points, very obtuse at the end". 

Spire elongate, turret-like, composed of 5 slightly swollen whorl', 

without a deep suture. Chambers elongate, oblong, especially in 

the younger portion, becoming much more swollen in the adult 

portion; all somewhat pointed at the basal end, giving tH 

appearance altogether of scales placed in regular rows; tie 

last chamber entirely convex right up to the edge of the aperture. 

Aperture virguline, placed at the upper end of the last chamber. 

Color white. Total length 0.50 mm.—D'Orbigny (translated).

The species was described from Recent material from 

Teneriffe in the Canary Islands. We have no typical 

material.

It is possible that this species belongs in the genrs 

Buliminetta.
122 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Bulimina patagonica D'Orbigny

Plate 28, figure 17

Bulimitia patagonica D'Orbigny, Voyage dans 1'Amerique meridionale, vol. 5, pt. 5, Foraminiferes, p. 50, pi. 1, figs. 8, 9, 

1839.

Cushman and Parker, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 80, art. 3, 

p. 14, pi. 3, fig. 14, 1931; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 16, p. 9, pi. 2, figs. 10-12, 1940,

Test oblong, conical, very polished on the last whorls, rough, 

covered with small spines on the remainder, these projecting all 

the more as they are at the base and completely conceal the 

spire, composed of 5 rounded whorls, separated by somewhat depressed sutures. Chambers broader than high, 3 to a whorl, all 

somewhat inflated and distinct, the last inflated and larger than 

the rest. Aperture virguline, placed almost in the center of the 

width of the chamber. Color white. Length 0.66 mm.—D'Orbigny 

(translated).

D'Orbigny described the species from Recent material 

from the Bay of San Bias, Patagonia. We have specimens 

from off Ilha Govenador, Rio de Janeiro Harbor, Brazil, 

and from the Falklands that are very close to this form. 

They are very much smaller, however, and apparently 

represent immature specimens.

D'Orbigny differentiates this species from Bulimina 

echinata D'Orbigny by its conical shape, and from B. aculeata D'Orbigny by its more elongate whorls, less globular chambers, and its much finer spines. The last whorl 

is more inflated than in B. elongata D'Orbigny var. 

subulata Cushman and Parker, and the test is not so 

elongate.

Bulimina patagonica D'Orbigny var. glabra 

Cushman and Wickenden

Plate 28, figures 18, 19

Bulimina patagonica D'Orbigny var. glabra Cushman and Wickenden, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 75, art. 9, p. 9, pi. 4, 

figs, la-c, 1929.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 16, p. 17, pi. 3, figs. 13, 14, 1940.

Variety differing from the typical form in the lack of 

spines on the basal portion of the test.

The types are from Recent material from Cumberland 

Bay, Juan Fernandez Island, Chile. The variety is not 

known elsewhere.

This form is very close to Bulimina elongata D'Orbigny, differing from it in the marked inflation .of the last 

whorl. It is very possible that this variety and the typical 

form are more closely related to B. elongata, but until 

more material of B. patagonica can be obtained for study 

the relationships of the three cannot be definitely established.

Bulimina ovula D'Orbigny

Plate 28, figures 20-22

Bulimina ovula D'Orbigny, Voyage dans 1'Amerique meridionale, 

vol. 5, pt. 5, Foraminiferes, p. 51, pi. 1, figs. 10, 11, 1839.

Cushman, Scripps Inst. Oceanography Bull., Tech. ser., vol. 1,

p. 150, pi. 2, fig. 10, 1927. 

Heron-Alien and Earland, Discovery Repts., vol. 4, p. 350,

pi. 8, fig. 32, 1932. 

?Kleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of California, p. 256, pi. 7,

fig. 2, Tulsa, 1938. 

Cushman and Parker (part), Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 16, p. 10, pi. 2, figs. 13, 14 (not fig. 15), 1940. 

Bulimina ovata Cushman (not D'OrBigny), U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull.

71, pt. 2, p. 77, text figs. 125a-c, 1911. 

Globobulimina pacifica Cushman and Parker (not Cushman),

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vcl. 7, p. 9, pi. 1,

fig. 30, 1931.

Test broadly oval, consisting of 2 or 3 wHorls, the lastformed whorl composing most of the test, the remaining 

whorls forming a sharply pointed base in th? microspheric 

form; chambers distinct, those of last whorl very much 

inflated; sutures distinct, very slightly deoressed; wall 

smooth, translucent, with medium sized perforations ; 

aperture comma-shaped, with a long curved tooth. Length 

of figured specimens 0.70 mm., diameter 0.50-0.60 mm.

The species was described from Recent material off the 

coast of Chile and Peru. We have specimens from off 

the west coast of America, and it has been recorded 

from the Falkland Islands. In the Miocene it is found in 

the lower part of the Temblor formation of the San 

Joaquin Valley, California. The form recorded by Kleinpell is placed here questionably. Specimens from Reliz 

Canyon, Monterey County, California, sample C. 4, have 

a much less predominant last-formed whorl and an aperture that is smaller and lacks the typical lar^'e tooth. These 

specimens are in a rather bad state of preservation, however, and the characters do not show as clearly as they do 

in the Recent specimens.

The species resembles Bulimina pyrula D'Orbigny but is 

larger, with more inflated chambers, and l^cks the occasional spines.

Bulimina affinis D'Orbigny

Plate 28, figures 23-25 .

Bulimina affinis D'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Historia fisica,

politica y natural de la isla de Cuba, Foraminiferes, vol. 6,

p. 109, pi. 2, figs. 25, 26, 1840.

Flint, U. S. Nat. Mus. Rept, 1897, p. 290, pi. 37, fig. 2, 1899. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 3, p. 103, pi. 20,

fig. 6, 1922.

Phleger, Geol. -Soc. America Bull., vol. 50, p. 1403, 1939. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 16, p. 7, pi. 2, figs. 1-4, 1940. 

Coryell and Rivero, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 14, p. 341, pi. 44,

fig. 21, 1940. 

Palmer, Soc. cubana hist. nat. Mem., vol. 14, p. 295, pi. 51,

fig. 14, 1940.

Macfadyen, Geol. Mag., vol. 79, p. 135 (list), 1942. 

Coryell and Mossman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 16, p. 242, pi.

36, fig. 42, 1942.
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 123

Franklin, idem, vol. 18, p. 314, pi. 46, fig. 9, 1944. 

Renz, 8th Am. Sci. Congress Proc., p. 548 (list), 1942. 

Goudkoff and Porter, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull.,

vol. 26, p. 1652 (list), 1942. 

Colom, Inst. Invest. Geol., Num. 3, Estudios Geologicos, p.

159, 1946.

Bulimiita pupoides Cushman (not D'Orbigny), U. S. Nat. Mus. 

Bull. 71, pt. 2, p. 80, text fig. 132, 1911; idem, Bull. 104, 

pt. 3, p. 105, pi. 20, fig. 3, 1922. 

Bulimitia ovata Cushman (not D'Orbigny), idem, Bull. 104, pt. 3,

p. 100, pi. 21, fig. 3, 1922.

Bulimina ovula Cushman and Moyer (not D'Orbigny), Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 6, p. 56, pi. 7, fig. 21, 

1930.

Test large, composed of 3 to 4 whorls, the last-formed 

whorl composing three-fifths or more of the test, broadly 

ovate in the megalospheric form, tapering to a subacute 

point in the microspheric; chambers distinct, inflated, 

especially the last-formed, which bulges out over the 

suture toward the apertural end; sutures distinct, depressed, especially that of the last chamber; -wall transparent, coarsely perforate; aperture loop-shaped, with 

a slight lip and a plate-like tooth. Length of figured specimens 0.82 to 1.00 mm., diameter 0.50 to 0.60 mm.

The species was described from Recent material near 

Cuba. It occurs in the western Atlantic and in the vicinity of Ireland, in the Pacific at Guide sta. 22(24) Lat. 43° 

12' N., Long. 125° 01' W. in the Galapagos Islands, and 

in the vicinity of the Philippine Islands. Many specimens 

of a somewhat broader, stouter form are found in various 

parts of the Pacific. In the Pliocene it occurs in Canada 

de Aliso, Ventura County, California, 2.1 miles N. 74° E. 

of La Crosse Junction, in gray siltstone, 280 feet stratigraphically above the base of the first Pico sandstone. 

There are numerous records from the Oligocene to 

Recent that do not seem entirely typical.

Our specimens are larger than that described by D'Orbigny. The figured specimen (pi. 14, fig. 25), however, 

shows the microspheric form of the species and is apparently identical with D'Orbigny's figure. He compares the 

species to Bulimina lacvigata D'Orbigny (in synonymy of 

B. ovata D'Orbigny), differentiating it by the slight depression of the last chamber, and by the whorls, which are 

less widely separated. A comparison of the form with 

specimens from Rimini, Italy, and the Miocene of the 

Vienna Basin shows these same differences. B. affinis, 

in addition, is a larger form and less ovate in the megalospheric form. It is much larger than B. pupoides D'Orbigny and the last-formed whorl makes up a much greater 

proportion of the test.

Bulimina oceanica Terquem

Plate 28, figure 26

Bulimina oceanica Terquem, Essai sur le classement des animaux 

qui vivent sur la plage et dans les environs de Dunkerque, 

pt. 3, p. 127, pi. 17, figs. lOa, b, 1881.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research ConT., 

vol. 16, p. 11, pi. 2, figs. 17a, b, 1940.

Test elongate, narrow, conical, polished, obtuse at the ends; 

composed of 4 whorls, with triangular chambers, convex, the hst 

rounded; aperture round, lateral, placed at the bottom of an acr+e, 

oval depression, with a lip.—Terquem (translated).

Terquem described the species from Recent material 

from Dunkerque, France. We have no typical material. 

Bulimina elongata D'Orbigny occurs in this same region 

and this form may be referable to it. From the figures, 

however, it appears to be a more slender form with a 

marked spiral suture, which is typical of the gerus 

Buliminella.

Bulimina exilis H. B. Brady

Plate 28, figures 27, 28

Bulimitia elegans D'Orbigny var. exilis H. B. Brady, Challenger

Rept, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 399, pi. 50, figs. 5, 6, 1884. 

Sidebottom, Manchester Lit. Philos. Soc. Mem. and Proc., vol.

54, no. 16, p. 12, pi. 1, fig. 11, 1910. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 2, p. 82, text fig. 135,

1911. 

Heron-Alien and Earland, Linnean Soc. London Trans., vol.

11, ser. 2, p. 234, pi. 41, figs. 4-9, 1916. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 3, p. 106, pi. 17, figs.

7-12, pi. 19, figs. 2, 3, 1922. 

Buliminella elegans D'Orbigny var. exilis Phleger, Geol. Soc. / m.

Bull., vol. 50, p. 1405, pi. 3, fig. 17, 1939. 

Bulimina elegans Flint (not D'Orbigny), U, S. Nat. Mus. Rept.,

1897, p. 290, pi. 36, fig. 3, 1899.

Bulimina exilis Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, p. 11, pi. 2, figs. 18-21, 1940.

Test elongate, slender, tapering, the length sometimes 

as much as 5 times the diameter, with a basal spine that 

is sometimes absent on the megalospheric form; chamb°rs 

elongate, sharply angled, oblique, very slightly inflated; 

sutures distinct, usually formed of clear shell material, slightly depressed; wall smooth, polished, finely p^rforate; aperture broad, loop-shaped, placed at the apex 

of the test, pointing directly downward to meet the junction of the second and third chambers. Length of figured 

specimens 0.65 mm., 0.80 mm.; diameter 0.15 mm., 

0.18 mm.

The types are from Recent material from Porcupine sta. 

20, northwest of Ireland. The species is found in the 

Pliocene of Castel Arquato, Italy. From the Recent it 

has been recorded from the Bay of Palermo, Italy; from 

various localities in the British Isles; from the western 

Atlantic south of Cape Cod; and from various localities 

in the north Pacific. We have typical material from all 

these general areas except the Mediterranean. It also 

occurs in deep sea cores taken in the western Atlantic.

This form is easily recognized by its slender, tapered 

test with the basal spine, by its polished surface, and by 

the elongate, angled chambers.
124 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Bulimina exilis H. B. Brady var. tenuata (Cushman) 

Cushman and Parker

Plate 28, figure 29

Buliminella subfusiformis Cushman var. tenuata Cushman, Scripps 

Inst. Oceanography Bull., Tech. ser., vol. 1, p. 149, pi. 2, 

fig. 9, 1927.

Bulimina elegans Cushman (not D'Orbigny), U. S. Nat. Mus.

Bull. 71, pt. 2, p. 82, text fig. 134, 1911; Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Special Pub. 4, pi. 22, fig. 7, 1933. 

Buliminella subfusiformis Cushman and Moyer (not Cushman),

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 6, p. 56, pi. 7,

fig. 20, 1930.

Variety differing from the typical form in having the 

initial end rounded and in lacking a basal spine.

The types are from Recent material from Guide sta. 13, 

Lat. 33° 17' N., Long. 117° 55' W., in 396 fathoms. The 

variety occurs at various localities along the west coast of 

North America.

The form may be easily distinguished by the basal end, 

which is rounded instead of tapering and has no spine.

Bulimina pyrula D'Orbigny var. spinescens H. B. Brady

Plate 28, figures 30, 31

Bulimina pyrula D'Orbigny var. spinescens H. B. Brad}-, Challenger Rept, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 400, pi. 50, figs. 11, 12, 1884.

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 2, p. 79, text figs. 128, 

129, 1911.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 16, p. 12, pi. 2, figs. 22-25, 1940.

Colom, Inst. Invest. Geol., Num. 3 Estudios Geologicos, p. 

158, pi. 10, fig. 150, 1946.

Variety differing from the typical form in having the 

lower part of the test covered with short, sharp spines, 

not extending above the lowest part of the last-formed 

chamber.

The types are from Recent material off the Ki Islands, 

in 480 fathoms, Clwllenger sta. 191A. The variety is 

found in the Miocene of San Rufillo, Italy, and in the 

Recent of the north Pacific.

It differs from Bulimina barbata Cushman in being 

much more involute. Both B. pyrula D'Orbigny and this 

variety have a partially involute test which approaches, in 

character, the involute genus Globobulimina.

Bulimina subornata H. B. Brady

Plate 28, figures 32, 33

Bulimina subornata H. B. Brady, Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol.

9, p. 402, pi. 51, figs. 6a, b, 1884. 

Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss. Abh., cl. 2, vol. 18. p. 286, pi. 8,

fig. 79, 1893.

Millett, Royal Micr. Soc. Jour., 1900, p. 276, pi. 2, fig. 3. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 2, p. 88, text fig. 141,

1911. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 16, p. 12, pi. 2, figs. 26-28, 1940.

Test medium in size, fusiform, pointed at the initial 

end, more rounded at the apertural end, with a short basal 

spine; chambers distinct, angled, very slig1itly inflated; 

sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall of the lower 

half of the test covered with irregular, low costae which 

give the test a roughened appearance, upper part of wall 

smooth, coarsely perforate; aperture long, narrow, curved, 

extending over the apex of the test. Length of figured 

specimens 0.45 mm., 0.55 mm.; diameter 0.25 mm., 

0.27 mm.

The types are from the Hyalonema-ground, south of 

Japan, in 345 fathoms, and off Aru Island, in 800 fathoms. We have material from the Philippin? region and 

the species has been recorded from Australia and the 

Malay Archipelago.

The species is distinctive and may be easily recognized 

by the angled chambers and roughened lower part of the 

test. It differs from Bulimina semicostata Nuttall in having much finer costae that do not cover as much of the 

test.

Bulimina rostrata H. B. Brady

Plate 28, figure 34

Bulimina rostrata H. B. Brady, Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol. 9,

p. 408, pi. 51, figs. 14, 15, 1884. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 2, p. 87, text figs.

140a, b, 1911; Scripps Inst. Oceanography Bnll., Tech. ser.,

vol. 1, p. 152, pi. 2, fig. 12, 1927. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 16, p. 13, pi. 2, figs. 29-31, 1940. 

Cushman and Henbest, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 196-A,

pi. 9, fig. 19, 1940. 

Hanna and Hertlein, State of Calif., Div. of Mines, Bull. 118,

p. 180, fig. 67 [plate], fig. 40, 1941. 

LeRoy, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 15, p. 623 (list), 1941. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 161, pt. 3, p. 10, pi. 3, fig. 12,

1942.

Bulimina, buchiana Cushman '(not D'Orbigny), U. S. Nat. Mus. 

Bull. 104, pt. 3, p. 95, pi. 20, fig. 4, 1922.

Test small, fusiform, often somewhat curved, broadest 

near the middle, rounded at the apertural erd, pointed at 

the initial end; chambers indistinct; sutures indistinct, 

occasionally showing slightly between the costae, slightly 

depressed; wall of last chamber smooth, rather coarsely 

perforate, remainder of test ornamented bv 10 or 11, 

regular, plate-like costae, continuous throughout; aperture small, loop-shaped, at the apex of the tert. Length of 

figured specimen 0.40 mm., diameter 0.20 mm.

The types are from Recent material from the Ki 

Islands, in 428 fathoms. The species is found in both the 

north and south Pacific. A similar, somewhat more 

slender, form is found at various localities in the western 

Atlantic both in bottom samples and in de^.p sea cores. 

It is also recorded from the Pliocene of California.
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 125

Bulimina notovata Chapman

Plate 30, figure 8

Bulimina ovata H. B. Brady (not D'Orbigny, 1846), Challenger 

Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 400, pi. 50, figs. 13a, b, 1884.

Bulimina notovata Chapman, Royal Soc. South Australia Trans., 

vol. 65, p. 166, 1941.

Brady's figured specimens of B. "ovata" were obtained east of 

New Zealand (fide Nuttall). D'Orbigny obtained his fossil type 

from the Miocene of the Vienna Basin; when the latter is compared with the living form, so familiar in southern waters, the 

differences are easily seen. B. ovata, according to the figured type, 

is a long ovate form, with the segments slightly inflated and 

prominent and therefore specifically different from the "Challenger" specimen. Goes (1894, 45) has placed Brady's ovata in the 

synonymy of Bulimina ellipsoides Costa, but that form, according 

to Goes' figures (1894, pi. viii, figs. 31-36), is also distinct from 

this southern living species.—Chapman.

This species is based on the Challenger figures which 

are reproduced on our plate.

Bulimina ornata Egger

Plate 28, figure 35

Bulimina ornata Egger, K. bayer. Akad. Wiss. Abh., cl. 2, vol. 18,

p. 286, pi. 8, fig. 80, 1893.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 16, p. 13, pi. 2, fig. 32. 1940.

Test cone-shaped, with the initial end a rounded point, consisting 

of 4 or 5 whorls of 3 rounded chambers each, ending at the apertural end with an offset, rounded, upward-projecting last chamber. 

Sutures not very depressed; the surface of the chambers covered 

with papillae of equal size, low, rising above the surface where 

the perforations pierce the wall, arranged to give the appearance 

of a closely striped pattern.' Length 0.15 mm., diameter 0.09mm.— 

Egger (translated).

The types are from Gazelle sta. 90, off west Australia, 

in 359 meters. We have no typical material.

The possible connection between this species and 

Bulimina fijiensis Cushman has been discussed under the 

latter form.

Bulimina consobrina Fornasini

Plate 28, figure 36

Bulimina consobrina Fornasini, Accad. sci. 1st. Bologna Mem.,

ser. 5, vol. 8, p. 374, text fig. 23, 1900.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 16, p. 14, pi. 2, fig. 33, 1940.

Fornasini describes this form as very elongate, pointed, 

and graceful in the early portion, composed of numerous, 

inflated chambers, the early chambers arranged in regular 

series, the later chambers, which are fewer in number, 

less regularly arranged.

The types are from Recent material from Porto Corsini, 

near Ravenna, Italy. We have no specimens referable to 

the species.

The form shows considerable resemblance to the

smoother variations of Bulimina gibba Fornasini, especially in the early portion of the test.. Lack of topotype 

material makes it impossible definitely to combine the 

two species.

Bulimina gibba Fornasini

Plate 28, figures 37, 38; plate 29, figures 1-5

Bulimina gibba Fornasini, Accad. sci. 1st. Bologna Mem., set. 5,

vol. 9, p. 378, pi. 0, figs. 32, 34, 1901. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 16, p. 48, 1940. 

Bulimina presli Reuss var. aculeata Parker and Jones (not

D'Orbigny) (part), Philos. Trans., vol. 155, p. 373, pi. 17,

figs. 68, 69 (not pi. 15, fig. 11), 1865. 

Bulimina elegans H. B. Brady (not D'Orbigny), Challenger Re**.,

Zoology, vol. 9, p. 398, pi. 50, figs. 1-4, 1884. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 3, p. 105, 1922. 

Bulimina elongata D'Orbigny var. ariminensis Fornasini (not

D'Orbigny), Accad. sci. 1st. Bologna Mem., ser. 5, vol. 9,

p. 377, pi. 0, figs. 8, 11, 1901. 

Bulimina fusiform/is Fornasini (not Williamson) (part), idem,

pp. 377, 378, pi. 0, figs. 1, 3, 4, 16, 18, 21, 23, 27, 36, 40

(not figs. 6, 9, 31), 1901. 

Bulimina fusiformis Williamson var. baccata Fornasini (not

Yokoyama), idem, p. 378, pi. 0, figs. 2, 5, 30, 1901. 

Bulvmina baccata Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 16, p. 14, pi. 3, figs. 1-6, 1940. 

Bulimina parkerac Thalmann, Am. Midland Naturalist, vol. 28,

p. 464, 1942.

Test of medium size, gradually tapering, initial portion 

somewhat triangular in transverse section, often with a 

terminal spine, consisting of 5 or 6 whorls; chambers 

angled, distinct, regularly triserial, sometimes with the 

chambers sufficiently offset to give a slight twist to the 

test, increasing regularly in size, slightly inflated; sutures 

distinct, slightly depressed; wall smooth, polished, finely 

perforate, usually ornamented at the base with short 

spines; aperture loop-shaped, broad, with a slight l: p. 

Length 0.33 to 0.58 mm., diameter 0.20 to 0.23 mm.

The species was described from Recent material from 

the Adriatic Sea. It is found in the Pliocene of Sicily; the 

Recent of the Mediterranean, the eastern Atlantic near 

Ireland, and Juan Fernandez Island, Chile, in the Pacific.

This species is close to Bulimina acanthia Costa bit 

differs from it in the almost entire absence of marginal 

overhang of the chambers, this characteristic appearing 

only occasionally in the basal part of the test. It differs 

from B. elongata D'Orbigny in the more angled charrcter of the chambers, the angled base, and the typically 

smaller size.

Bulimina torta Cushman

Plate 29, figure 6

Bulimitia torta Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 2, p. 81, 

text figs. 133a-c, 1.911.
126 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 16, p. 15, pi. 3, fig. 8, 1940.

Test elongate, broadest near the apertural end, tapering to the 

subacute apical end; apertural end broadly rounded; early portion 

slightly compressed; later portion circular in cross section; 

chambers several, somewhat inflated; sutures depressed; wall 

calcareous, perforate, smooth; aperture very long and narrow, 

curved, broadest at the upper end; color white. Length 0.65 mm.— 

Cushman.

The type is from Albatross sta. H2902, 1,783 fathoms, 

northeast of the Hawaiian Islands. The species has not 

been recorded elsewhere.

This species is rendered unique by the long, slit-like 

aperture that curves over the top of the test. It is questionable whether it actually belongs in Bulimina at all. 

The number of specimens, however, is so limited that the 

study of the internal structure must wait until more material is available.

Bulimina subaffinis Cushman

Plate 29, figure 7

Bulimina subaffinis Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 100, vol. 4,

p. 166, text figs. 7a, b, 1921. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 16, p. 15, pi. 3, fig. 7, 1940. 

LeRoy, Colorado School of Mines Quart., vol. 39, no. 3, p. 27,

pi. 5, fig. 9, 1944.

fBnlimina elengata Cushman (not D'Orbigny), U. S. Nat. Mus. 

Bull. 71, pt. 2, p. 79, text figs. 131a-d, 1911.

Test large, fusiform, apical end sharply pointed, apertural end rounded, the last whorl composing a large proportion .of the test; chambers distinct, angled, very slightly inflated, sutures distinct, slightly depressed; aperture 

long, comma-shaped, with a well developed lip and tooth. 

Length (of holotype) 1.00 mm., diameter 0.55 mm.

The types are from Albatross sta. D5201, Sogod Bay, 

southern Leyte, in 554 fathoms. Similar specimens are 

found in the north Pacific, but they are somewhat more 

elongate and slender and have more chambers. LeRoy 

records it from the Miocene of Sumatra.

The species is larger and more pointed at the base than 

Bulimina ovata D'Orbigny, and is more ovate with less 

inflated chambers than B. affinis D'Orbigny.

Bulimina barbata Cushman

Plate 29, figure 8

Bulimina barbata Cushman, Scripps Inst. Oceanography Bull.,

Tech. ser., vol. 1, no. 10, p. 151, pi. 2, fig. 11, 1927. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 16, p. 16, pi. 3, fig. 10, 1940.

Bulimina pyrula D'Orbigny var. spinescens Cushman (not H. B. 

Brady), U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 100, p. 164, text fig. 3, 1921.

Test of medium size, broadly oval, the greatest width at, 

or below, the middle, the last-formed whorl composing

more than half the test; chambers distinct, slightly inflated; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall of early 

portion of the test and the lower margir of the lastformed whorl covered with fine acicular spines, remainder 

of test smooth, finely perforate, somewhat translucent; 

aperture narrow, loop-shaped, placed at th<; apex of the 

test well above the suture joining the second and third 

chambers. Length 0.75 mm., diameter 0.40 mm.

The species was described from Recent material from 

the west coast of North America, Discoverer sta. 9D, 

Lat. 36° 40' N., Long. 122° 26' W., at 1,121 fathoms. 

It has been found at several localities in the. same general 

area and at one locality in the Philippine reg: on.

The species resembles Bulimina pyrula E 'Orbigny var. 

spinescens H. B. Brady but differs from it in being less 

involute, having somewhat more inflated chambers, and 

longer spines.

Bulimina spinifera Cushman

Plate 29, figure 9

Bulimina spinifera Cushman (part), Scripps Inst. Oceanography 

Bull., Tech. ser., vol. 1, p. 151, pi. 2, fig. 15, 1927.

Test broadly fusiform or ovate, chambers of the last-formed 

portion strongly overlapping, initial end pointed and the base of the 

chambers sparsely spinose. Length 0.50 mm.; breadth, 0.30 mm.— 

Cushman.

The types are from Lydonia sta. 31, Lat. 7° N., Long. 

81° 35.5' W., in 478 fathoms. Some of the specimens from 

the west coast of North America that were originally 

included in this species are very different. They are completely involute, or almost so, and belong in the genus 

Globobulimina. The species is approaching Globobulimina 

in character and seems very close to Bulimina pyrula 

D'Orbigny var. spinescens H. B. Brady. Tv e holotype is 

larger than the typical form of Brady's variety and shows 

at least four whorls. In order to learn the true relationship of the two forms, however, more material is needed 

for study.

Bulimina pagoda Cushman

Plate 29, figures 10, 11

Bulimina pagoda Cushman, Scripps Inst. Oceanogrrohy Bull., Tech.

ser., vol. 1, p. 152, pi. 2, fig. 16, 1927. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 16, p. 17, pi. 3, figs. 11, 12, 1940. 

Coryell and Mossman, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 16, p. 242, pi.

36, fig. 44, 1942.

Test rapidly tapering, broadest near the apertural end, 

almost as broad as long; consisting of c.s many as 5 

whorls; chambers distinct, deeply cut under at the base, 

inflated, especially those of the last whcrl, increasing 

rapidly in size as added; sutures of last whorl distinct, depressed, the position of the earlier sutures clearly defined
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 127

by the sharp undercutting of the chambers; wall of the 

periphery of each chamber with a series of large, stout 

spines projecting outward and curving downward, otherwise smooth, thin, rather coarsely perforate; aperture 

very slightly comma-shaped, at the apex of the test, well 

above the junction of the second and third chambers. 

Length 0.50 mm., diameter 0.40 mm.

The types are from Recent material from Lydonia sta. 

30, Lat. 7° 0.1' N., Long. 81° 48.7' W., south of Panama, 

in 428 fathoms. It is also found in the Pliocene Charco 

Azul formation of Panama.

This form differs from Bulimina marginata D'Orbigny 

in the flaring of the chambers, the much shallower lastformed whorl, and in having the projecting spines.

Bulimina fijiensis Cushman

Plate 29, figures 14, 15

Bulimina fijiensis Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Contr., vol. 9, p. 79, pi. 8, figs. 7a-c, 1933. 

Cushman and Parker, idem, vol. 16, p. 17, pi. 3, figs. 15, 16,

1940. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 161, pt. 3, p. 11, pi. 3, figs.

10, 11, 1942.

Test small, stout, slightly longer than broad, rounded; 

chambers distinct, inflated, somewhat globular, comparatively few, increasing rapidly in size as added; sutures 

distinct, depressed; wall coarsely perforate except about 

the aperture where it is apparently without perforations; 

aperture loop-shaped, placed well above the junction of 

the second and third chambers. Length 0.25 mm., diameter 0.15 mm.

The types are from Recent material from Nairai, Fiji, 

in 12 fathoms. In addition to the Fiji localities we have 

one specimen from Zanzibar.

This species is close to Bylimma ornata Egger and possibly should be identified with it. Cushman's species, 

however, does not have the papillae that are plainly shown 

in the figure of the latter.

Bulimina brevitrigona Chapman and Parr

Plate 29, figure 17

Bulimina brevitrigona Chapman and Parr, Australasian Antarctic

Exped., ser. C, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 85, pi. 8, fig. 13, 1937. 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 16, p. 18, pi. 3, fig. 18, 1940.

Test conical; short and broadly trigonal; consisting of a trifacial series of moderately inflated chambers, the last of which 

are comparatively large and well-inflated; sutures well impressed, 

aperture a curved slit between the sutures of the last three 

chambers, the edges of which are delicately toothed. Aboral end 

somewhat acute. Test hyaline, finely tubulate and polished on the 

surface. Length, 0.7 mm.; width, 0.67 mm.

This species is practically isomorphous with Verneuilina bradyi 

Cushman, which has a finely arenaceous test.—Chapman and Parr.

The types are from sta. XXII of the Mawson Australasian Antarctic Expedition, Lat. 66° 13' S., Long. 9<-° 

15' E., in 125 fathoms. We have no typical material. It 

seems questionable whether the form is a true Bulimiri, 

as the aperture is apparently not typical. If the species is 

isomorphous with Eggerella bradyi (Cushman) as described, this thesis is certainly true, since the aperture in 

the latter genus is not placed in the same position as in 

Bulimina, and is differently shaped. In addition, the 

arenaceous form has five chambers to the whorl in the 

early portion of the test. A study of the original specimens would have to be made before a final analysis of the 

generic characteristics of the species could be made.

Bulimina buchiana D'Orbigny var. gutta Chapman and Parr

Plate 29, figure 16

Bulimina buchiana D'Orbigny var. gutta Chapman and Parr, 

Australasian Antarctic Exped., ser. C, vel. 1, pt. 2, p. 86, 

pi. 8, fig. 14, 1937.

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Con+r., 

vol. 16, p. 19, pi. 3, fig. 17, 1940.

Test elongate, ovate, slightly curved, wider at oral end, pointed 

aborally; sides gently convex. Surface ornamented with about ten 

fine sharp costae persistent to the penultimate chamber; aperture 

bulimine, situated in a slight concavity. Dimensions: Length, 0 40 

mm.; greatest width, 0.19 mm.

This variety has a more slender habit of growth than the specific form. Its narrow and slightly curved test makes it easily 

distinguishable from typical examples of Bulimina buchiaia. 

Bulimina rostrata, at first sight suggestive of the above variety, 

differs in the dominant costae, obliterating the suture lines, as 

well as in the aciculate aboral end.—Chapman and Parr.

The types are from sta. XLVII of the Mawson Australasian Antarctic Expedition, Lat. 42° 38.5' S., Long. 143° 

41.5' E., in 1,320 fathoms. We have no material referab1 ^ 

to the form.

Bulimina clava Cushman and Parker/ n.sp.

Plate 29, figures 12, 13

?Bulimina aculeata Brady, Parker and Jones (not D'Orbigny), 

Zool. Soc. London Trans., vol. 12, p. 220, pi. 43, fig. 8, 

1888.

Bulimina inflata Cushman (not Seguenza), U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 

104, pt. 3, p. 93, pi. 21, fig. 1, 1922.

Test large, tapering, greatest width formed by the last 

whorl, initial end pointed, typically with a stout spine, 

three or four whorls in the adult test, the last whorl making up more than half the surface; chambers of the earlier 

portion obscured by the sculpture of the surface, inflated, 

those of the last whorl distinct, the basal margin distinctly 

undercut; sutures of the last whorl distinct, slightly depressed; wall finely but distinctly perforate, in the last 

chambers nearly smooth on the upper part, becoming costate toward the periphery, each costa extending backward
128 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

into a spinose process, the costae of adjacent chambers 

in the earlier part often fused; aperture broadly commashaped. Length up to 0.90 mm., diameter up to 0.50 mm. 

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 35854) from Albatross 

sta. 2018, Atlantic Ocean, off the mouth of Chesapeake 

Bay, Lat. 37° 12'. 22" N., Long. 74° 2ff 04" W., in 788 

fathoms.

The species is found in the western Atlantic north of 

Cape Hatteras and in the eastern Atlantic in the vicinity 

of Ireland. A somewhat similar form is found in the 

Pacific, off the west coast of America, and possibly in the 

vicinity of Japan (Bulimina inflata Cushman (not Seguenza), U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, pt. 2, p. 84, text fig. 

137, 1911; Scripps Inst. Oceanography Bull., Tech. ser., 

vol. 1, p. 151, pi. 2, fig. 14, 1927).

This species differs from Bulimina striata D*Orbigny 

var. mexicana Cushman in being much larger, with less 

regular chambers that increase much more rapidly in size 

and do not show a uniform collared effect, and in having, 

typically, a longer, heavier basal spine. The young specimens of the two forms are sometimes difficult to separate.

Subgenus DESINOBULIMINA Cushman and Parker, 1940

Desinobulmnina Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. 

Research Contr., vol. 16, p. 19, 1940.

Subgenoholotype Bulimina auriculata Bailey, 1851.

Test with the early chambers like Bulimina but with 

the aperture of the last-formed chambers becoming terminal, connected with the earlier apertures by an internal 

trough, which is joined to one side of the aperture toward 

the front, and projects above at the back in the form of a 

tooth.

Many of the smooth species of Bulimina show a tendency to develop in this direction. All forms that have an 

apertural tooth have at least an incipient trough-like connection between the apertures. As a general rule, however, the apertures themselves are also connected, the 

lower part of the aperture of the last chamber joining the 

upper end of the aperture of the previous chamber. Only 

a few species show the aperture becoming terminal, with 

the trough as the sole means of communication. In these 

forms the trough extends down from the final aperture 

and twists around to join the tooth-like protuberance of 

the previous aperture.

The earliest known form showing these characteristics 

is Bulimina quadrata Plummer, from the Paleocene Midway group of Texas. Other known species come from 

the Miocene and Recent.

Bulimina (Desinobulimina) quadrata Plummer

Plate 29, figures 18, 19

Bulimina (Ettipsobulwnina) quadrata Plummer, Univ. Texas Bull. 

2644, p. 72, pi. 4, figs. 4, 5, 1927. - '

Jennings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, no. 78, p. 30, pi. 3,

fig. 19, 1936. 

Albritton and Phleger, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 11, p. 352,

1937. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, p.

67, pi. 11, fig. 21, 1940. 

Kline, Mississippi Geol. Survey Bull. 53, p. 48, pi. 4, fig. 20,

1943. 

Applin and Jordan, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 19, p. 131 (list),

1945. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 22, p. 60, pi. 10, fig. 19, 1946.

Test medium to large, megalospheric form almost 

cylindrical, microspheric tapering, consisting of 4 to 5 

whorls; chambers sharply angled, very slightly if at all 

inflated; sutures distinct, very slightly depressed; wall 

thin, translucent, finely perforate; aperture terminal, with 

a slight lip and small tooth, in well-preserved specimens 

the inner connecting trough usually visible. Length of 

topotype specimens 0.60 to 0.90 mm., diameter 0.26 to 

0.34 mm.

The types of the species are from the Paleocene, Midway formation, clay pit of Mexia Brick Works, about 1 

mile west of the town of Mexia, Limestone County, 

Texas. Besides various localities in the Midway formation of Texas we have questionable specimens from the 

Paleocene, about 2%0 miles N. 44° E. of Santa Susana, 

in Poison Oak Canyon, north of Simi Valley, Ventura 

County, California, from brown shale 2,785 feet stratigraphically above the Cretaceous contact in strata mapped 

by Kew as Martinez. It has also been recorded from the 

Paleocene of Alabama and Florida and the Cretaceous of 

New Jersey.

This species very much resembles Bulimina kickapooensis Cole but may be easily differentiated from it by the 

terminal aperture. It differs from most of the other 

smooth species in the almost complete lack of inflation of 

the chambers and their sharply angled character.

Bulimina (Desinobulimina) illingi Cushman and Stainforth

Plate 30, figure 12

Bulimina (Desinobulimina) illingi Cushman and Sfinforth, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 14, p. 41, pi. 6, 

figs. 7a, b, 1945.

Test fairly short, less than twice as long as broad, irregularly 

oval, greatest breadth usually above the middle, initial end rounded 

in the megalospheric form or subacute in the microspheric; 

chambers comparatively few, increasing rapidly in size as added, 

the last whorl making up nearly the whole of the surface of the 

test; sutures slightly depressed; wall smooth, coarsely perforate; 

aperture terminal with a slightly projecting lip Length 0.75- 

0.93 mm.; breadth 0.45-0.52 mm.

This species differs from B. (Desinobulimina) auriculata Bailey 

in the broader form, more inflated chambers, and typically more 

rounded base.—Cushman and Stainforth.
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 129

The types of this species are from the Oligocene Cipero 

formation of Trinidad.

Bulimina (Desinobulimina) montereyana Eleinpell

Plate 29, figures 20, 21

•Bulimina montereyana Kleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of California, p. 254, pi. 13, fig. 13, Tulsa, 1938.

Bulimina pseudotorta Barbat and Johnson (not Cushman), Jour. 

Paleontology, vol. 8, p. 13, pi. 1, fig. 10, 1934.

Test large, fusiform, with the initial end sometimes 

prolonged, narrow, apertural end somewhat truncated, 

consisting of about 4 whorls in the adult; chambers distinct, slightly inflated, angled; sutures slightly depressed; 

wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture terminal, crescentshaped, with a tooth. Length given by Kleinpell 1.00 to 

1.25 mm. or more, diameter 0.65 to 0.70 mm.

The types are from the Miocene of Reliz Canyon, California (Leland Stanford Junior Univ. loc. 691, sample 

D80). The species has been recorded by Kleinpell from 

various localities ranging from the upper Luisian to the 

lower Delmontian in the Miocene of California. We have 

good material from sta. SPD-4, Tice shale, Contra Costa 

County, California, a locality at which Kleinpell records 

the species in abundance.

The species differs from Bulimina pseudotorta Cushman in its more fusiform shape, larger size, and the 

presence of the terminal aperture. It is larger than Bullmina delmonteensis Kleinpell, has more inflated chambers, is less tapering, and has the terminal aperture.

Bulimina (Desinobulimina) auriculata Bailey

Plate 29, figures 22-24

Bulimina auriculata Bailey, Smithsonian Contr., vol. 2, p. 12, pi.,

figs. 25-27, 1851. 

Bulimina pyrula Flint (not D'Orbigny), U. S. Nat. Mus. Rept,

1897, p. 290, pi. 36, figs. 4, 5, 1899. 

Bulimina (Desinobulimina) auriculata Cushman and Parker,

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, p. 20, pi. 3,

figs. 19-21, 1940.

Cushman, idem, Special Pub. 12, p. 28, pi. 3, fig. 48, 1944. 

Cushman and Todd, idem, Special Pub. 15, p. 40, pi. 6, fig. 14,

1945. . * W'fffi 

Bulimina (Desinobulimina) cf. auriculata Cushman and Todd,

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 22, p. 92, 1946.

Test long in the adult form, fusiform, consisting of 

about 3 whorls; chambers distinct, partially involute so 

that the last-formed whorl usually forms at least threefourths of the test; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; 

wall thin, translucent, smooth, with medium sized perforations ; aperture terminal, with a large, curved tooth, the 

connecting internal trough easily visible through the 

wall of the test. Length up to 0.52 mm., diameter up to 

0.92 mm.

The types are from Recent material collected southeast of Montauk Point, Long Island, Lat. 40° 21' 54" ] *., 

Long. 70° 55' 35" W., in 51 fathoms. The species occrrs 

along the eastern coast of the United States north of Cape 

Hatteras. Specimens from Albatross sta. 2018, Atlantic 

Ocean, off the mouth of Chesapeake Bay, Lat. 37° 12' 22" 

N., Long. 74° 20' 04" W., in 788 fathoms, are very much 

broader in proportion to their length and probably rep^esent a varietal form of Bailey's species (Bulimina pyrula 

Cushman (not D'Orbigny), U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, 

p. 101, pi. 20, fig. 1, 1922). In the Pacific off the w?st 

coast of North America a form recorded as Bulimina ovata 

Cushman (not D'Orbigny) (Cushman Lab. Foram. Fesearch Contr., vol. 6, p. 56, pi. 7, fig. 22, 1930) is very 

similar except that the adults rarely show the terminal 

aperture. Specimens similar to these occur also in the 

Pliocene of Timms Point, California.

The species is larger and has less inflated chambers than 

Bulimina ovata D'Orbigny. It differs also in having the 

terminal aperture with the trough-like connection with 

the earlier apertures.

Bulimina (Desinobulimina) turgida Bailey

Plate 29, figures 25-27

Bulimina turgida Bailey, Smithsonian Contr., vol. 2, p. 12,. pi.,.

figs. 28-31, 1851. 

Bulimina marginata Parker and Jones (not D'Orbigny) (part).

Annals and. Mag. Nat. History, ser. 2, vol. 19, p. 296, pU

11, figs. 36-38 (not figs. 35, 39, 40), 1857. 

Bulimina presli Reuss var. pyrula Parker and Jones (not

D'Orbigny), Philos. Trans., vol. 155, p. 372, pi. 15, figs ^

9, 1865. 

Bulimina doliolum Terquem and Terquem, Soc. Zool. France

Bull, vol. 11, p. 333, pi. 11, figs. 17, 18, 1886. 

Bulimina ovaides Terquem and Terquem, idem, p. 334, pi. 11,,

fig. 20. 

Bulimina pyrula D'Orbigny var. spinescens Flint (not H. B.

Brady), U. S. Nat. Mus. Rept., 1897, p. 290, pi. 37, fig. 1,

1899. 

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 3, p. 102, pi. 20,

fig. 2, 1922.

Bulimina (Desinobulimina) turgida Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 16, p. 20, pi. 3, f ?s.

22-24, 1940.

Test ovate, broadest near the middle, rounded at both 

ends but with the apertural end narrower and more 

pointed; chambers distinct, much inflated, giving the test 

a very irregular appearance; sutures distinct, depressed," 

wall smooth except for the base, which is usually ornamented with 2 or 3 short spines, finely perforate; aperture 

curved, terminal in the adult, with a broad tooth. Length 

of figured specimens 0.75 mm., 0.95 mm., 1.12 mm.; diameter 0.50 mm., 0.55 mm., 0.55 mm.

The types are from sta. E no. 9, Lat. 40° 21' 54" N., 

Long. 70° 55' 35" W., southeast of Montauk Point, Long;
130 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Island, in 51 fathoms, and sta. F no. 24, Lat. 39° 52' 40" 

N., Long. 72° 14' W., southeast of Fire Island Inlet, in 

49 fathoms. The species occurs along the eastern coast of 

the United States and in the vicinity of Norway and the 

British Isles.

This species is quite variable. The immature specimens 

are almost completely involute, becoming much more 

evolute in the adult. The figure of an immature specimen 

from Drobach, Norway, is given to show this characteristic and also to show the species "Bulimina doliolum 

Terquem". The swollen, inflated chambers and heavy, 

short spines make it easy to identify the species.

Species originally referred to BULIMINA 

but not here included

The following species were originally described as 

Bulimina but are not included in the present discussion 

of that genus: 

Bulimina acicula Costa, Accad. pontaniana Atti, vol. 8, pt. 2, p.

338, pi. 22, fig. 6, 1856 (= Pyrulina?). 

B. acicula Andreae, Specialkarte* Elsass-Lothringen Abh., vol. 2,

pt. 3, p. 277, pi. 12, fig. 13, 1884 (See Turrilina andreaei

Cushman). 

B. acuta Costa, Accad. pontaniana Atti, vol. 7, pt. 2, p. 336, pi.

13, fig. 25, 1856 (A homonym of B. acuta Reuss 1851. We

have no typical material). 

B. andreae Rzehak, K. naturh. Hofmuseums Wien, vol. 6, p. 2,

(list), 1891 (nomen nudum). 

B. andreaei Schubert, Deutscher. Naturwiss.-med. Ver. Bohmen

"Lotos" Sitzungsber., p. 59, pi. 2, 1900 (= Virgulina (Virgulinella) periusa Reuss, Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Special Pub. 9, p. 31, pi. 5, figs. 6-9, 1937). 

B. arcuata Stache, Novara-Exped., Geol. Theil, vol. 1, pt. 2, p.

269, pi. 24, figs. 18a-c, 1865 (homonym of B. arcuata

D'Orbigny, 1826. = ?). 

B. auricula Heron-Alien and Earland, Discovery Repts., vol. 4,

p. 351, pi. 9, figs. 1, 2, 1932 (= Buliiminella?). 

B. auriculata Terquem, Soc. Geol France Mem., ser. 3, vol. 2, p.

115, pi. 12(20), fig. 14, 1882 (homonym of B. auriculata

Bailey, 1851. = ?). 

B. brevicona Perner, Foram. Ceskeho Cenomanu, p. 54, pi. 3,.

figs, la, b, 1892 (= Arenobulimina brevicona (Perner)

Cushman). 

B. Candida Terquem, Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 3, vol. 2, p.

Ill, pi. 11(19), figs. 30, 31, 1882 ( = Valvulina Candida

(Terquem)). 

B. chapmani Heron-Alien and Earland, British Antarctic Exped.,

Zoology, vol. 6, p. 130, pi. 4, figs. 18-20, 1922 (see Pseudobulimina chapmani (Heron-Alien and Earland)). 

B. compressa Bailey, Smithsonian Contr., vol. 2, art. 3, p. 12, pi.,

figs. 35-37, 1851 (= Virgulina compressa (Bailey) Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 104, pt. 3, p. 116, pi. 24, figs.

2, 3, 1922).

B. compressa Carsey, Texas Univ. Bull. 2612, p. 29, pi. 4, fig. 14, 

1926 (see Buliminella carseyae Plummer).

B. conoidea Perner, Foram. Ceskeho Cenomanu, p. 55, pi. 3, figs. 

5a, b, 1892 (= Arenobulimina conoidea (Perner) Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 8, p. 38, 

pi. 4, figs. 1, 2, 1937).

B. contorta Giimbel, Anleit. geol. Beob. Alpenreis^n, D. O. Alp. 

Ver. Zeitschr., Beilage, p. 105, fig. 25 [plate], fig. 22, 1878 

(= ?)•

B. conulus Terquem, Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 3, vol. 2, p. 

116, pi. 12(20), fig. 17, 1882 (see Buliminellc- conulus (Terquem) ).

B. convoluta Williamson var. dehiscens Heron-Alien and Earland, 

Royal Micr. Soc. Jour., 1924, p. 143, pi. 8, figs. 26-28 

(= Ceratobulimina dehiscens (Heron-Alien and Earland) 

Cushman and Harris, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 3, p. 176, pi. 29, figs. 7a-c, 1927).

B. convoluta Williamson var. nitida Millett, Royal Micr. Soc. 

Jour., 1900, p. 280, pi. 2, fig. 10 (== Cushmctnella?).

B. cuneiformis Terquem, Essai sur le classement des animaux qui 

vivent sur la plage et dans les environs de Dunkerque, 

pt. 3, p. 127, pi. 16, figs, lla, b, 1881 (= arenaceous 

form).

B. cuneiformis Terquem, Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 3, vol. 2, 

p. 112; pi. 12(20), figs. 2a, b, 1882 (homonym of B. cuneiformis Terquem, 1881. We have no typical material).

B. cylindracea Costa, Accad. pontaniana Atti, vol. 8, pt. 2, p. 269, 

pi. 15, fig. 10, 1856 (= Virgulina).

B. declivis Reuss, Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber., vol. 48, pt. 1, 

p. 55, pi. 6, fig. 70; pi. 7, fig. 71, 1863 (see Robertina declivis 

(Reuss)).

B. depressa Perner, Foram. Ceskeho Cenomanu, p, 55, pi. 3, figs. 

3a, b, 1892 (= Pernerina depressa (Perner) Cushman, Am. 

Jour. Sci., vol. 36, p. 19, pi. 1, figs. 5-7, 1933).

B. d'orbignyi Reuss, Verstein. bohm. Kreideformation, pt. 1, p. 

38, pi. 13, figs. 74a, b, 1845 (= Arenobulimina d'orbignyi 

(Reuss) Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 10, p. 30, pi. 5, figs. 13, 14, 1934). ___

B. elegans D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat, vol. 7, p. 270, no. 10, 

Modeles, no. 9, 1826 (see Buliminella elegans (D'Orbigny)).

B. elegans D'Orbigny var. gibba Schubert, K.-k. geol. Reichsanstalt Jahrb., vol. 53, p. 416, pi. 19, figs. 6a-c, 1904 (homonym 

of B. gibba Fornasini, 1901. We have no typical material).

B. elegantissima D'Orbigny, Voyage dans 1'Amerique meridionale, vol. 5, Foraminiferes, p. 51, pi. 7, figs. 13, 14, 1839 

(see Buliminella elegantissima (D'Orbigny)).

B. elegantissima D'Orbigny var. apiculata Chapmen, Linnean Soc. 

London Jour., Zoology, vol. 30, p. 31, pi. 14, fig. 77, 1908 

(see Buliminella madagascariensis (D'Orbig-ny) var. spicata 

Cushman and Parker).

B. elegantissima D'Orbigny var. compressa Millett, Royal Micr. 

Soc. Jour., 1900, p. 277, pi. 2, fig. 5 (see Buliminella 

parallela Cushman and Parker).

B. elegantissima D'Orbigny var. fusiformis Sidebottom, Royal 

Micr. Soc. Jour., 1918, p. 23, pi. 3, figs. 8-10 (see Buliminella madagascariensis (D'Orbigny)).

B. elongata D'Orbigny var. cylindrica Grzybowsk; , Akad. Umiej., 

Wydz. mat.-przr. Rozpr., Krakow, vol. 9, p.-189, pi. 2, fig. 

14 (pi. 1 in text), 1894 (homonym of B. cylindrica Roemer, 

1838. We have no typical material).

B. flexa Terquem, Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 3, vol. 2, p. 115, 

pi. 12(20), fig. 15, 1882 (see Buliminella flexa (Terquem)).

B. frons Olszewski, Sprawozd. Kom. Fizyj. Akad. Umiej. Krakowie, vol. 9, p. 121, pi. 2, fig. 1, 1875 (= Arenobulimina 

frons (Olszewski) Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 8, p. 44, pi. 4, fig. 28, 1937).

B. galliheri Kleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of California, p. 253,
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 131

pi. 17, figs. 2, 5, Tulsa, 1938 (see Globobulimina galliheri 

(Kleinpell)).

B. gregorii Chapman, Royal Soc. Victoria Proc., vol. 16, p. 187, 

pi. 22, figs. 3, 3a, 1904 (= ? Described by Chapman as 

finely arenaceous).

B. imbricata Reuss, Haidinger's Naturwiss. Abh., vol. 4, pt. 1, p. 

38, pi. 3, fig. 7, 1851 (see Buliminella imbricata (Reuss)).

B. imperatrix Karrer, Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber., vol. 57, pt. 

1, p. 176, pi. 4, fig. 11, 1868 (see Robertina imperatrix 

(Karrer)).

B. incrassata Karrer var. elongata Seguenza, R. Accad. Lincei 

Atti, ser. 3, vol. 6, p. 146, 1880 (homonym of B. elongata 

D'Orbigny, 1846).

B. inflata Perner, Foram. Ceskeho Cenomanu, p. 55, pi. 3, figs. 

4a-c, 1892 (= Arenobulimina brevicona (Perner) Cushman 

and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 

10, pp. 35, 36, pi. 6, figs. 7a, b, 1934).

B. intorta Terquem, Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 3, vol. 2, p. 115, 

pi. 12(20), fig. 16, 1882 (see Buliminella intorta (Terquem)).

B. irregularis Terquem, idem, p. 112, pi. 12(20), figs, la, b (see 

Buliminella irregularis (Terquem)).

B. jaekeli Franke, Abh. geol.-paleont. Inst. Greifswald, vol. 6, p. 

24, pi. 2, figs. 15a-c, 1925 (= Pernerina depressa (Perner) 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 10, p. 36, 1934).

B. laevis Beissel, Preuss geol. Landesanstalt Abh., n. ser., vol. 3, 

p. 66, pi. 12, figs. 39-43, 1891 (see BuHminella laevis (Beissel)).

B. madagascariensis D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat., vol. 7, p. 270, 

no. 17, 1826 (see Buliminella madagascariensis (D'Orbigny)).

B. madrugaensis Bermudez, Soc. cubana historia nat. Mem., vol.

12, no. 2, p. 89, text figs. 1-3, 1938 ( = Angulogerina?). 

B. manmillata Costa, Accad. pontaniana Atti, vol. 7, pt. 2, p. 335,

pi. 18, fig. 16, 1856 (= Firgulina?). 

B. marginata D'Orbigny var. biserialis Millett, Royal Micr. Soc.

Jour., 1900, p. 278, pi. 2, fig. 7 (= Suggrundat). 

B. minutissima Wright, in Reade, Liverpool Geol. Soc. Proc.,

vol. 9, p. 190, pi. 13, figs. 9-12, 1902 (•= Ceratobulimina?

Referred by Earland to Robertina). 

B. normani Goes, K. svenska vetensk. akad. Handl., vol. 25, no.

9. p. 47, pi. 9, figs. 437, 438, 1894 (= Robertinal). 

B. obesa Reuss, Haidinger's Naturwiss. Abh., vol. 4, p. 40, pi. 3, 

fig. 12, 1851 (= Arenobulimina obesa (Reuss) Cushman 

and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol.

10. p. 31, pi. 5, fig. 20, 1934).

B. obligua D'Orbigny, Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 1, vol. 4, p. 

40, pi. 4, figs. 7, 8, 1840 (= Arenobulimina obliqua (D'Orbigny.) Cushman, Cushman Lab. Roram. Research Contr., 

vol. 7, p. 36, pi. 5, figs. 5a-c, 1931).

B. obliqua Terquem, Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 3, vol. 2, p. 

118, pi. 12(20), fig. 23, 1882 (see Buliminella semi-nuda 

(Terquem)).

B. obtusa D'Orbigny, Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 1, vol. 4, p. 39, 

pi. 4, figs. 5, 6, 1840 (see Buliminella obtusa (D'Orbigny)).

B. ovigera Terquem, Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 3, vol. 2, p. 

108, pi. 11(19), figs. 17-20, 1882 (see Robertina ovigera 

(Terquem) ).

B. ovula Terquem, idem, p. 113, pi. 12(20), fig. 5, 1882 (see 

Buliminella turbinata (Terquem)).

B. ovulum Harting, Ver. kon. akad. Wetensch., vol. 10, p. 9, pi. 1,

figs. lOa, b, 1864 (homonym of B. ovula D'Orbigny, 183?. 

Figure unrecognizable).

B. parkeri Terquem and Terquem, Soc. Zool. France Bull., vol. 

11, p. 334, pi. 11, fig. 9, 1886 (see Robertina parkeri (Terquem and Terquem)).

B. (?) petalifera Howe, Louisiana Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 14, 

p. 63, pi. 9, figs. 22, 23, 1939 (= Discorbis).

B. polystropha Reuss, Verstein bohm. Kreideformation, pt. 2, p. 

100, pi. 24, fig. 53, 1846 ( = Verneuilina polystropha 

(Reuss), Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 7, p. 11, pi. 1, figs. 14, 15, 1937).

B. preslii Reuss, Verstein bohm. Kreideformation, pt. 1, p. 33 

pi. 13, fig. 72, 1845 (= Arenobulimina preslii (Reuss) Cusl - 

man and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

vol. 10, p. 29, pi. 5, figs. 12, 13, 1934).

B. preslii Reuss var. sabulosa Chapman, Royal Micr. Soc. Jour., 

1892, p. 7, pi. 12, fig. 5 (= Arenobulimina sabulosa (Chapman), Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 10, p. 32, pi. 6, figs. 6a, b, 1934).

B. pulchra Terquem, Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 3, vol. 2, p. 

114, pi. 12(20), figs. 8, 9, 11, 12 (not fig. 10), 1882 (== 

Buliminella).

B. punctata D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat., vol. 7, p. 270, no. 11, 

1826 (see Buliminella punctata (D'Orbigny)).

B. pupa Terquem, Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 3, vol. 2, p. 116, 

pi. 12(20), figs. 18a, b, 1882 (see Buliminella pupa (Terquem)).

B. pupoidcs D'Orbigny var. brevis Seguenza, R. accad. Lincei 

Atti, ser. 3, vol. 6, p. 146, 1880 (homonym of B. brei'is 

D'Orbigny, 1826)!

B. pupoides D'Orbigny var. convoluta Williamson, Recent Foraminifera of Great Britain, p. 63, pi. 5, figs. 132, 133, 1858 

(see Pseudobulimina convoluta (Williamson)).

B. pupoides D'Orbigny var. fusiformis Williamson, idem, p. 63, 

pi. 5, figs. 129, 130, 1858 (= Firgulina—not V. fusiformis 

Cushman).

B. puschi Reuss, Haidinger's Naturwiss. Abh., vol. 4, p. 37, fl. 

3, figs. 6a, b, 1851 (= Arenobulimina puschi (Reuss) 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 10, p. 30, pi. 5, figs. 18a, b, 1934).

B. pusilla Brotzen, Sveriges geol. undersokning, ser. C, no. 395, 

vol. 30, no. 3, p. 127, pi. 8, fig. 4; text fig. 44, 1936 (see 

Buliminella pusilla (Brotzen)).

B. pygmaea Egger, Neues Jahrb., 1857, p. 284, pi. 12, figs. 10, 11 

(= ?)•

B. pynda D'Orbigny var. perversa Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. 

Bull. 100, vol. 4, p. 163, text figs. 2a-c, 1921 (see Globobulimina perversa (Cushman)).

B. pyrula D'Orbigny var. spinosa Seguenza, R. accad. Lincei Atfi, 

ser. 3, vol. 6, p. 147, 1880 (homonym of B. spinosa SPguenza, 1862).

B. rhomboidalis Costa, Accad. pontaniana Atti, vol. 8, pt. 2, pi. 13, 

fig. 24, 1856 (= Uvigerina?).

B. rimosa Marsson, Naturw. Ver. Neu-Vorpommern u. Rugen 

Mitth., vol. 10, p. 153, pi. 3, figs. 2a, b, 1878 (= Ataxophragmiwm rimosum (Marsson) Cushman and Parker, 

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 10, p. 32, pi. 6, 

figs. 3-5, 1934).

B. robertsi Howe and Ellis, in Howe, Louisiana Dept. Cons. Geol. 

Bull. 14, p. 63, pi. 8, figs. 32, 33, 1939 (see Buliminella 

robertsi (Howe and Ellis)).

B. scabra Williamson, Recent Foraminifera of Great Britain, p.
132 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

65, pi. 5, figs. 136, 137, 1858 (B. arenacea on expl. of plate)

(= Eggerella scabra (Williamson) Cushman, Cushman

Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 8, p. 50, pi. 5, figs.

10, 11, 1937). 

B. scalariformis Terquem, Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 3, vol. 2,

p. 114, pi. 12(20), fig. 13, 1882 (see Buliminella irregularis

( Terquem) ). 

B. sellini Brotzen, Deutschen Palastina-Ver. Zeitschr., Jahrg. 1934,

p. 59, pi. 4, fig. 2 (= Discorbis?).

B. semi-nuda Terquem, Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 3, vol. 2, p. 

117, pi. 12(20), fig. 21, 1882 (see Buliminella semi-nuda 

(Terquem)).

B. striato-punctata Terquem, idem, p. 116, pi. 12(20), fig. 19 (see 

Buliminella pupa (Terquem)).

B. subbulbiformis Rzehak, K. naturh. Hof museums Wien, vol. 6, 

pp. 2, 9, (list), 1891 (nomen nudum).

B. subcylindrica H. B. Brady, Quart. Jour. Micr. Sci., vol. 21, p. 

56, 1881 (see Robertina subcylindrica (H. B. Brady)).

B. subdeclivis Rzehak (no reference or information concerning 

this species).

B. subsphaerica Reuss, Verstein. Bohm. Kreideformation, pt. 2, p. 

109, pi. 24, fig. 53, 1846 (= Arenobulimina subsphaerica 

(Reuss) Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 10, p. 30, pi. 5, fig. 16, 1934).

B. subteres H. B. Brady, in Wright, Belfast Nat. Field Club, App. 

1880, p. 180, pi. 8, figs. 2, 2a, 1881 (see Robertina subleres 

(H. B. Brady)).

B. sulcata D'Orbigny, Annales sci. nat, vol. 7, p. 269, no. 3, 1826 

( = Uvigerina ? ).

B. terquemiana Heron-Alien and Earland, Royal Micr. Soc. 

Jour., 1911, p. 314, pi. 9, figs. 13, 14 (see Buliminella seminuda (Terquem)).

B. textilariformis Stache, A/ozwa-Exped., Geol. Theil, vol. 1, pt. 2, 

p. 268, pi. 24, figs. 17a-c, 1865 ( = ?).

B. trigona Chapman, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., vol. 48, p. 

514, pi. 15, fig. 8, 1892 (= Arenobulimina? trigonulo 

(Chapman) var. inornata (Chapman) Cushman, Cushman 

Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 8, p. 44, 1937).

B. irigonula Chapman var. inornata Chapman, South African Mus. 

Ann., vol. 4, no. 10, p. 224, pi. 29, fig. 3, 1904 (= Arenobuli-mina^ trigonula (Chapman) var. inornata (Chapman) 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 8, 

p. 44, 1937).

B. trilobata Franke, Preuss. Geol. Landes. Abh., n. ser., vol. 3, p. 

161, pi. 14, fig. 26, 1928 (= Ataxophragmiumt Homonym 

of B. trilobata D'Orbigny, 1826).

B. trocheata Terquem, Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 3, vol. 2, p. 

Ill, pi. 11(19), fig. 33, 1882 (= Arenobulimina?).

B. truncata Reuss, Verstein. Bohm. Kreideformation, pt. 1, p. 37, 

pi. 8, fig. 73, 1845 (= Arenobulimina truncata (Reuss) 

Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., vol. 10, p. 29, pi. 5, figs, 8, 9, 1934).

B. turbinata Terquem, Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 3, vol. 2, p. 

113, pi. 12(20), figs. 6, 7, 1882 (see Buliminella turbinata 

(Terquem)).

B. uviformis Terquem, idem, p. 110, pi. 11(19), figs. 27a, b, 1882 

( = ValvuHna).

B. variabilis D'Orbigny, Soc. Geol. France Mem., ser. 1, vol. 4, p. 

40, pi. 4, figs. 9-12, 1840 (= Ataxophragmium variabile 

(D'Orbigny) Reuss, Models nos. 6 and 7, 1865).

B. williatnsoniana H. B. Brady, Quart. Jour. Micr. Sci., vol. 21,

p. 56, 1881 (see Buliminoides williamsoniana (H. B. 

Brady)).

Genus NEOBULIMINA Cushman and Wickenden, 1928

Neobulimina Cushman and Wickenden, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 4, p. 12, 1928.

Cushman, idem, Special Pub. 1, p. 247, 192c ; idem, Special 

Pub. 4, p. 220, 1933.

Genotype NeobuUmina canadensis Cushman and Wickenden, 1928.

Test in the early stages triserial, as in Bulimina; adult 

biserial, not compressed; chambers inflated, simple; wall 

calcareous, perforate, aperture in the triserial stage as 

in Bulimina, in the adult broader, tending to become subterminal. Cretaceous.

So far as known the species of Neobulimina are all 

confined to the Cretaceous.

Neobulimina minima Tappan

Plate 29, figures 28, 29

Neobulimina minima Tappan, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 14, p. 117, 

pi. 19, figs. 5a-c, 6, 1940; idem, vol. 17, p. 507, pi. 81, fig. 16, 

1943.

Test minute, early stage triserial, later stage biserial, final pair 

of chambers forming approximately one-third of the test, slightly 

twisted, nearly circular in cross-section; chambers inflated, slightly 

elongate, wall calcareous, surface smooth, apert'tre broad, loopshaped at the base of the last-formed chamber. Length of holotype, 0.26 mm.; breadth, 0.10 mm.; width, 0.08 mm.; length of 

paratype, 0.21 mm.; breadth, 0.09 mm.—Tappan.

The types are from the Lower Cretaceous Grayson formation, middle and top of zone 1, Grayson Bluff, Denton 

Creek, 3^ miles northeast of Roanoke, 2 miles by road 

east of the Fort Worth-Denton highway, Ponton County, 

Texas. The species has also been recorded from the Duck 

Creek formation of Texas and Oklahoma.

It is somewhat smaller, more slender, and with more 

gradually increasing chambers than typical specimens of 

NeobiiUmina canadensis Cushman and Wickenden. The 

two forms are undoubtedly closely related, and it is possible that some Upper Cretaceous forrrs referred to 

N. canadensis are more closely related to N. minima. 

»

Neobulimina canadensis Cushman and T"lckenden

Plate 29, figures 32, 33

Neobuli>mina canadensis Cushman and Wickenden, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 4, p. 13, pi. 1, figs. 1, 2, 1928.

Cushman, Tennessee Div. Geol. Bull. 41, p. 4F, pi. 8, figs, la-c,

1931; Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 4, pi.

22, figs. 24a, b, 1933; idem, Special Pub. 5, pi. 27, figs.

15a-c, 1933. 

Cushman and Parker, idem, Contr., vol. 12, p. 9, pi. 2, figs.

9, lOa, b, 1936.
BULIMINA AND RELATED PORAMINIFERAL GENERA 133

Joinings, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 23, no. 78, p. 31, pi. 3, 

fig. 22, 1936.

Albritton and Phleger, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 11, p. 352,

1937.

Frizzell, idem, vol. 17, p. 350, pi. 57, fig. 3, 1943. 

Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 19, p. 66, 1943.

Cushman, idem, Contr., vol. 20, p. 93, pi. 14, figs. 12, 13, 1944. 

Cushman and Deaderick, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 337,

pi. 53, figs. 9, 10, 1944. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 125, pi. 52,

figs. 11, 12, 1946.

Test small, elongate, fusiform, greatest width near the 

middle, tapering slightly toward either end, about 2y2 

times as long as broad in adult specimens, early triserial 

stage of 12 to 18 chambers, the biserial adult stage of 

4 to 6 chambers, each part making about one-half the 

mass of the test; chambers distinct, subglobular, inflated; 

sutures very distinct, depressed; wall calcareous, coarsely 

perforate, in some of the thicker-walled specimens appearing almost reticulate; aperture in the early triserial portion 

oblique and comma--shaped} in the adult biserial stage 

broader^ the portion at the basal edge of the chamber 

broad and the elongate axis nearly at right angles to the 

margin of the chamber, the whole aperture in the adult 

at the base of a distinct depression. Length 0.30 mm., 

breadth 0.13 mm., breadth of biserial portion 0.13 mm., 

thickness 0.09 mm.

The types of the species are from the Upper Cretaceous 

of Alberta, from Imperial Ribstone Well at a depth of 

360-370 feet, Land Subdivision 6, Sec. 6, T. 45, R. 1 W, 

4th meridian. The species occurs in the Upper Cretaceous 

of the United States in formations of Navarro, Taylor 

and Austin ages of the Gulf Coast area and in the Navesink marl of New Jersey. It is found also in the Bearpaw 

shale of Alberta, Canada, and is recorded from the Upper 

Cretaceous of Peru.

The microspheric form is more irregular and twisted 

than the megalospheric and is usually much less common. 

The young forms, which occur most commonly, do not 

show the biserial stage and appear like perfectly normal 

Bulimina. It differs from Neobutiminu. irregwte&is Cushman and Parker in being smaller, with more regular 

chambers that are less inflated and less globular in 

character.

Neobulimina spinosa Cushman and Parker

Plate 29, figure 31

Neobulimina spinosa Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab. Foram.

Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 9, pi. 2, figs, lla, b, 1936. 

Cushman, idem, Contr., vol. 20, p. 12, 1944; U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 126, pi. 52, fig. 14, 1946.

Test small, about l l/2 times as long as broad, widest 

portion of the test at a point about two-thirds of the dis695464—47———6

tance from the initial end, the initial end covered with 

short spines sometimes as much as one-third of the wry 

up the test; chambers inflated, about 9 in the triserial po<-- 

tion, 2 in the biserial; sutures distinct, depressed; writ 

transparent or partially so, coarsely perforate; apertu-e 

loop-shaped, with a distinct, slightly flaring lip, nearly te rminal. Length 0.16 to 0.25 mm., diameter 0.10 to.0.17 mm. 

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous Selma chalv. 

1% miles west of Sardis, on the Sardis-Henderson road, 

Henderson County, Tenn. The species occurs in the 

Upper Cretaceous of the United States in formations of 

lower Navarro age (below .the Nacatoch sand) and of 

Taylor age in the Gulf Coast Region.

Neobulimina irregularis Cushman and Parker

Plate 29, figure 30

Neobulimina irregularis Cushman and Parker, Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 9, pi. 2, figs. 8a, b, 1936. 

Loetterler Nebraska Geol. Survey, ser. 2, Bull. 12, p. 38, pi. 5,

fig. 12, 1937. 

Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 125, pi. 52,

fig. 13, 1946.

Test elongate, practically the same width throughout, 

except for the initial end which is tapering, about 5 tim°s 

as long as broad in the microspheric form, shorter in the 

megalospheric, about 5 whorls in the triserial stage and 

4 in the biserial stage of the adult form; chambers distinct, globular, irregular; sutures distinct, depressed; wall 

coarsely perforate; aperture broadly loop-shaped, extending from the base of the last-formed chamber. Length 

0.20 to 0.43 mm., diameter 0.08 to 0.20 mm.

The types are from the Upper Cretaceous, Ector tongue 

of the Austin chalk, about 2.3 miles south of Sherman, 

Grayson County, Texas. This species occurs in the Upp~r 

Cretaceous of the United States in the Austin and Eag'le 

Ford formations of Texas and the Niobrara formation 

of Kansas, Nebraska and South Dakota. It occurs also in 

the Boyne Beds of Manitoba, Canada.

The species bears considerable resemblance, in form, to 

VerneuiUna schisea Cushman and Alexander but is de*initely calcareous-, with a Bulimina type of aperture and has 

the later chambers biserial. It has more globular, less 

regularly arranged chambers than Neobulimina canadensns 

Cushman and Wickenden and a larger biserial portion 

of the test.

Genus GLOBOBULIMINA Cushman, 1927

Globobttlimina Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr.,

vol. 3, p. 67, 1927.

Galloway and Wissler, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 73, 1927. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 1,

p. 248, 1928; idem, Special Pub. 4, p. 220, 1933. 

Bulimina (part) of authors.

Genotype Globobulimina pacifica Cushman, 1927.
134 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Test spiral, triserial, early chambers tending to elongate, 

later chambers extending backwards, and in the adult 

becoming involute or nearly so, the last 3 chambers often 

making up the whole exterior; wall calcareous, finely 

perforate; aperture loop-shaped, with a tooth or plate and 

internal tube or trough. Cretaceous ( ?), Tertiary, Recent.

The early stages of this genus are similar to Bulimina, 

after which stages the chambers extend backward and, 

in the megalospheric specimens particularly, enclose the 

earlier ones. The microspheric specimens alone are often 

difficult to place.

Globobulimina galliheri (Kleinpell) Cushman and Parker

Plate 29, figure 38

Bulimina galliheri Kleinpell, Miocene stratigraphy of California,

p. 253, pi. 17, figs. 2, 5,,Tulsa, 1938. 

Weaver, Washington Univ. [Seattle] Pub. in Geology, vol. 6,

p. 23 (list), 1944. 

Globobulimina cf. G. pacifica Cushman and Hobson, Cushman

Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 62, pi. 9, figs. 3a, b,

1935.

Test large, inflated, pyriform, triserial, the last whorl making 

up almost the entire test; chambers distinct, inflated; sutures distinct, depressed; wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture terminal, 

comma-shaped, almost round with surrounding edge slightly 

raised. Length, up to 0.9 mm.; breadth, 0.64 mm.—Kleinpell.

The species was described from the Miocene Monterey 

shale of California at the type locality. Kleinpell also 

records it from the lower Modelo shale near Girard, 

California. We have some poorly preserved specimens 

from the latter locality that are adequate for general 

study. The species occurs also in the San Lorenzo and 

Gallaway formations of California.

Our specimens, though poor, show very plainly that the 

species should be placed in the genus Globobulimina. As 

Kleinpell says, a few early chambers are sometimes seen 

at the base of the test but with a few exceptions this is 

not true of the adult specimens. The form'differs from 

G. pacifica Cushman in being broader at the base, with 

somewhat more inflated chambers, and with the first 

chamber of the last whorl broader and more rounded.

Globobulimina globosa LeRoy

Globobulimina globosa LeRoy, Colorado School of Mines Quart., 

vol. 39, no. 3, p. 27, pi. 1, fig. 3; pi. 5, fig. 13, 1944.

Test ovate globular, nearly as thick as high, initial end broadly 

rounded, apertural end somewhat pointed; chambers distinct, last 

three comprise seven-eighths of the test; aperture comma-shaped. 

Length 0.76 mm., diameter 0.62 mm.

As a general rule this species occurs in small numbers within 

the Telisa. In the Lower Palembang it is occasionally present.

It differs from Globobulimina, pacifica Cushman by being less 

elongate and by showing a broader base.—LeRoy.

This species was described from Miocene beds of Central Sumatra.

Globobulimina bulbosa LeRoy

Globobulimina bulbosa LeRoy, Colorado School of Mines Quart., 

vol. 39, no. 3, p. 85, pi. 2, fig. 1, 1944.

Test medium, bulbous, maximum diameter in lo^er third, base 

rather flat; chambers distinct, somewhat inflated, strongly overlapping; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall smooth; aperture elliptical with distinct lip. Length 0.71 mm., diameter (max.) 

0.58 mm.

This species differs from Globobulimina pacifica Cushman by 

being more bulbous and less elongate. The species tends to be 

rather constant in character.—LeRoy.

This species was described from Miocene beds of West 

Java.

Globobulimina glabra Cushman and Parker, n.sp.

Plate 29, figures 35, 36

^Bulimina pyrula H. B. Brady (not D'Orbigny), Challenger Rept., 

Zoology, vol. 9, p. 399, pi. 50, figs. 7-10, IS^A.

Test of medium size, ovate, the megalospheric form 

being broader at the base than the microspheric, the earlier 

whorls often visible in the young forms; chambers distinct, the first-formed chamber of the last whorl not completely enclosed in front view so that it is v: sible on both 

sides of the test, somewhat inflated; sutires distinct, 

slightly depressed; wall thin, smooth, with medium sized 

perforations; aperture comma-shaped, with a lip and high 

curved tooth. Length 0.45 to 0.55 mm., diameter 0.30 to 

0.40 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 35851) from the Pliocene Vatican clay, clay pit behind the Vatican, Rome, 

Italy.

The species figured by Brady from New Zealand, the 

Ki Islands, and the Azores seems to resemble this form. 

It is probable that the distribution given by Brady includes more than one species. We have not found any 

specimens outside of the type locality.

The species may be .differentiated from Globobulimina 

pacifica Cushman by the.fact that the last two chambers 

do. not enclose the third at the base of the test, hence it is 

visible from both sides. In many specimens the suture of 

the last chamber makes a wide angle with, th<?. vertical axis 

instead of curving downward as in G. pac:fica.

Globobulimina pacifica Cushman

Plate 29, figure 37

Globobulimina pacifica Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

. - -Contr., vol. 3, p. 67, pi. 14, fig. 12, 1927; Scripps Inst.

Oceanography Bull., Tech. ser., vol. 1, p. 153, pi. 3, fig. 1,

1927.

Galloway and Wissler, Jour. Paleontology, vol 1, p. 74, pi. 11,

fig. 18, 1927.

Cushman and Moyer, Cushman Lab. Foram. Pesearch Contr., 

vol. 6, p. 57,; 1930.
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA 135

PCushman, Stewart and Stewart, San Diego Soc. Nat. History

Trans., vol. 6, p. 66, pi. 5, fig. 4, 1930. 

Cushmart and Ponton,- Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 9, p. 79,

pi. 12, fig. 2, 1932. 

Cushman, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 4, pi.

22, figs. 22a, b, 1933; idem, Special Pub. 5, pi. 27, figs. 16a, b,

1933; PBernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 119, p. 123, pi. 15,

fig. 1, 1934. 

Campbell, Jour. Entom. and Zool., vol. 27, no. 3, p. 41, text

fig. 1, 1935.

Palmer, Soc. cubana hist. nat. Mem., vol. 14, P; 296, 1940. 

LeRoy, Colorado School of Mines Quart., vol. 36, no. 1, p. 33,

pi. 3, figs. 70, 71, 1941 

Schenck and Childs, Stanford Univ. Pub., Univ. Ser., Geol.

ScL, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 27 (list), 1942.

Beck, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 606, pi. 107, fig. 16, 1943. 

Franklin, idem, vol. 18, p. 314, pi. 46, fig. 19, 1944. 

LeRoy, Colorado School of Mines Quart., vol. 39, no. 3, p.

27, pi. 5, fig. 12, 1944 

Weaver, Washington Univ. [Seattle] Pub. in Geology, vol. 6,

no. 1, p. 24 (list), 1944.

Test oval, broadest near the bottom and gradually 

narrowing toward the apertural end; chambers distinct, 

the first-formed chamber of the last whorl narrow, usually 

surrounded on both sides by the last 2 chambers in front 

view, with only 2 chambers showing in rear view, very 

slightly inflated; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall 

thin, finely perforate, smooth; aperture loop-shaped, with 

a slight border and a broad apertural tooth. Length up 

to 1.50 mm., diameter 1.00 mm.

The types are from the eastern Pacific, Lat. 17° 18' 

N., Long. 102° 22' W., at 1,197 fathoms. The species is 

common along the west coast of North America. It has 

been recorded from the Miocene of Florida and California and questionably from the Pliocene of Humboldt 

County, California, and Vitilevu, Fiji. We have a single 

specimen from the Pliocene in Canada de Aliso, Ventura 

County, California, 2.1 miles N. 74° E. of La Crosse 

Junction, in gray siltstone, 280 feet stratigraphically above 

the base of the first Pico sandstone. The specimen figured 

by Kleinpell from the Miocene of Reliz Canyon, Monterey County, California (Miocene stratigraphy of California, p. 260, pi. 8, fig. 7, Tulsa, 1938), does not seem 

to represent this species and we have no material to 

verify it. The species has been recorded from Eocene age 

to Recent from widely separated areas and these records 

need further study.

Globobulimina pacifica Cushman var. scalprata 

Cushman and Todd -

Plate 30, figure 17

Globobulimina pacifica Cushman and Jarvis (not Cushman), Jour.

Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 362, pi. 33, fig. 6, 1930. 

Globobulimina pacifica Cushman var. scalprata Cushman and Todd,

Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 15, p. 40,

pi. 6, fig. 15, 1945.

Variety differing from the typical in the ornamentation of the 

test consisting of very fine, numerous, linear costae.

This variety is fairly common and varies somewhat in the re'ative prominence of the ornamentation.—Cushman and Todd.

The types are from the Miocene, half a mile east of 

Buff Bay, Jamaica.

Globobulimina perversa (Cushman) 

Cushman and Parker

Plate 29, figure 34

Bulimina pyrula D'Orbigny var. perversa Cushman, U. S. Nat.

Mus. Bull. 100, vol. 4, p. 163, text figs. 2a-c, 1921. 

Bulimina pyrula Cushman (not D'Orbigny), idem, p. 162, text

figs, la-c, 1921. 

Macfadyen, Egypt Geol. Survey, 1930, p. 54, pi. 1, figs. 16a, b,

1931.

Test large, pyriform, initial chambers sometimes showing very slightly at the base; chambers distinct, somewHt 

inflated, first-formed chamber of last whorl broad at the 

base; sutures distinct, the suture of the last-formed chamber in the portion that extends from the base up to the 

aperture very much depressed, so the chamber forms a 

very decided fold above it; aperture slightly curving, in 

a deep depression caused by the upward bulge of the 

chamber, with a thick, curving tooth. Length of figured 

specimen 1.25 mm., diameter 0.95 mm.

The types are from Recent material from Albatross s*a. 

D5591, in 260 fathoms, Sibuko Bay, Borneo. The specres 

occurs in the Miocene of Baden, Vienna Basin, Austra, 

the Pliocene of Castel Arquato, Italy, and the Recent 

deposits of the Philippine region.

This is one of the largest known species of Glolobulimina and may be easily differentiated by the deep'y 

depressed suture of the last chamber.

Globobulimina caribbea Cushman and Bermudez

Globobulimina caribbea Cushman and Bermudez, Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., vol. 21, p. 73, pi. 12, figs. 1-3, 191-5.

Test very large for the genus, slightly pyriform, early chambers slightly visible at the base, sides convex and tapering 

gradually toward the apertural end; chambers distinct, somewHt 

inflated, the last two making up a large portion of the surface of 

the test; sutures distinct, depressed, especially in the last-formed 

whorl; wall smooth except at the base where in some specimens 

there is a slight tendency to become spinose; aperture elongate, 

with a slight lip at one side and a somewhat thickened, curving 

tooth projecting distinctly above the general outline of the test. 

Length of adult specimens 1.90-2.45 mm.; diameter 1.13-1.57 mm. 

—Cushman and Bermuda.

This species was described from off southern Cuba, 

Atlantis station 3345, lat. 21° 08' N., long. 79° 56' 30" 

W., 690-700 fathoms.

This species, the largest of the genus so far known, 

can be distinguished from Globobulimina perversa (CusV
136 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

man) by its larger size, slightly more elongate form, and 

the tendency to spinosity at the base.

Globobulimina sobrina Galloway and Morrey

Globobulimina sobrina Galloway and Morrey, Jour. Paleontology, 

vol. 5, p. 352, pL 40, figs. 12a, b, 1931.

Test robust, ovate, broadest near the base, oval in cross section; apical end broadly rounded; chambers embracing, only three 

visible; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall smooth, very

finely perforate; aperture virguline, with vertical tooth, near the 

periphery. Length 0.45 mm.

The Tabasco specimens are megaspheric and have a more 

rounded initial end than B. pyrula (D'Orbigny), the apertural 

end is less pointed, and it is not subtriangular in cross section. 

The form is shorter than G. pacified Cushman,—Galloway and 

Morrey.

The types are from the "Cretaceous", near Puenta 

Piedra, on the Rio Puscatan, 19 kilometers south of 

Macuspana, Tabasco, Mexico. We have no material referable to the species.
BULIMINA AND RELATED FORAMINIPERAL GENERA

SUPPLEMENT

137

The following species and varieties have become available since this work was completed:

Bulimina abatissae Selli, Annali Mus. Geol. Bologna, 2d ser., vol.

17, 1943-44, p. 58, pi. 1, fig. 15, 1944. Eocene, Italy. 

B. bortonica Finlay, Royal Soc. New Zealand Trans., vol. 69,

p. 100, pi. 12, figs. 25, 26, 1939. Middle Eocene, New

Zealand.

B. bremneri Finlay, idem, vol. 69, p. 455, pi. 64, figs. 84-86, 1940.

Lower to middle Miocene, New Zealand.

B. byramensis Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 22, p. 91, pi. 15, figs. 25, 26, 1946. Oligocene, Byram marl, Mississippi. 

B. forticosta Finlay, Royal Soc. New Zealand Trans., vol. 69, p.

455, pi. 64, figs. 77-81, 1940. Upper middle Eocene to middle OJigocene, New Zealand. 

B. mapiria Finlay, idem, vol. 69, p. 454, pi. 64, fig. 72, 1940.

Uppermost Miocene, New Zealand, 

B. miolaevis Finlay, idem, vol. 69, p. 454, pi. 64, figs. 70, 71, 1940.

Lower Miocene, New Zealand. 

B. pahiensis Finlay, idem, vol. 69, p. 455, pi. 64, figs. 87, 88,

1940. Upper middle Eocene, New Zealand. 

B. petroleana Cushman and Hedberg var. spinea Cushman and

Renz, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Special Pub. 18,

p. 37, pi. 6, fig. 13, 1946. Upper Cretaceous, Trinidad. 

B. rakauroana Finlay, Royal Soc. New Zealand Trans., vol. 69,

p. 454, pi. 64, figs. 75, 76, 1940. Upper Cretaceous (Santonian), New Zealand. 

B. scobinata Finlay, idem, vol. 69, p. 455, pi. 64, figs. 82, 83, 1940.

Middle to upper Oligocene, New Zealand. 

B. sculptilis Cushman var. paudcostata Cushman and Ellisor, Jour.

Paleontology, vol. 19, p. 562, pi. 75, fig. 15, 1945. Middle

Oligocene, Anahuac formation, Texas. 

B. senta Finlay, Royal Soc. New Zealand Trans., vol. 69, p. 454,

pi. 64, figs. 73, 74, 1940. Lower to upper Miocene, New

Zealand.

B. simaensis Makiyama and Nakagawa, Geol. Soc. Japan Jour.,

vol. 48, no. 572, p. 241, 1941. Pleistocene, Japan. 

B. stokesi Cushman and Renz, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research

Special Pub. 18, p. 37, pi. 6, fig. 14, 1946. Upper Cretaceous,

Trinidad. 

B. trigonalis ten Dam, Geol. Stichting Mededeelingen, ser. 1 C-V,

no. 3, p. 112, pi. 3, figs. 16, 17, 1944. Paleocene, Netherlands. 

B. truncana Giimbel var. aksuatica Morozova, Soc. naturalises

Moscou, Bull., new ser., vol. 47, sect, geol., vol. 17, p. 74,

pi. 3, fig. 3, 1939. Eocene, Russia. 

B. tnmcanella Finlay, Royal Soc. New Zealand Trans., vol. 69,

p. 455, pi. 64, figs. 89-91, 1940. Middle Eocene to urner

Miocene, New Zealand. 

B. (Desinobulimina) suteri Cushman and Renz, Cushman Lab.

Foram. Research Special Pub. 18, p. 38, pi. 6, fig. 15, 1946.

Upper Cretaceous, Trinidad. 

Bulimindla beaumonti Cushman and Renz, idem, Special Pub. 18,

p. 36, pi. 6, fig. 7, 1946. Upper Cretaceous, Trinidad. 

B. browni Finlay, Royal Soc. New Zealand Trans., vol. 69, p.

321, pi. 27, figs. 85, 86, 1939. Lower middle Eocene, New

Zealand. 

B. sauna Finlay, idem, vol. 69, p. 321, pi. 27, figs. 87, 97, 98, 1939.

Upper Cretaceous (Santonian), New Zealand. 

Globobulimina hannai Cushman and Ellisor, Jour. Paleontology,

vol. 19, p. 562, pi. 76, fig. 1, 1945. Middle Oligocene,

Anahuac formation, Texas. 

Robertina lornensis Finlay, Royal Soc. New Zealand Trans., vol.

69, p. 114, pi. 12, figs. 27, 28, 1939. Lower Oligocene, New

Zealand.

R. moodysensis Cushman and Todd, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 21, p. 94, pi. 15, figs. 10, 11, 1945.

Eocene, Moodys marl member of Jackson formation, Mississippi. 

Turrilina brevispira ten Dam, Geol. Stichting Mededeelingen, ser.

C-V, no. 3, p. 110, pi. 3, fig. 14, 1944. Eocene (Ypresirn),

Netherlands.

PLATES 15-30

is*
140 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

PLATE 15

FIGURE 1, Terebralina regularis Terquem. (After Terquem.) Jurassic, France. X 50.

FIGURE 2. Turrilina andreaei Cushman. (After Andreae.) Oligocene, France. X 70. a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURE 3. T. alsatica Andreae. (After Andreae.) Oligocene, France. X 70. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 4. Buliminella obtusa (D'Orbigny) Cushman and Parker. Cretaceous, Bougival, France. X 50. a, Front vi°w; b, rear view; 

c, apertural view.

FIGURE 5. B. irmbricata (Reuss) Cushman and Parker. Cretaceous, Lemberg, Galicia. X 115. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural 

view.

FIGURE 6. B. laevis (Beissel) Cushman and Parker. Cretaceous, Friedrichsberg, near Aachen, Germany. X 50. a, Front view; b, rear 

view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 7. B. pusilla (Brotzen) Cushman and Parker. (After Brotzen.) Cretaceous, Sweden. X 70.

FIGURE 8. B. carseyae Plummer. Cretaceous, Taylor marl, southeast of Del Valle, Texas. X 75, a, Front view; b, rear view; 

c, apertural view.

FIGURE 9. B. carseyae Plummer var. plana Cushman and Parker. Cretaceous, Navarro group, 6 miles east'of Castroville, Texas. 

X 75. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURES 10, 11. B. cushmani Sandidge. Cretaceous. 10, Kemp clay, 1 mile west-southwest of Noack, Texas. 11, Gotzreuther Graben, 

near Siegsdorf, Bavaria. X 85.

FIGURE 12. B. vitrea Cushman and Parker. Cretaceous, Selma chalk, 2 miles west of Guntown, Mississippi. X 75. a, Front view; 

b, rear view; c; apertural view.

FIGURE 13. B. fabilis Cushman and Parker. Cretaceous, Taylor marl, 14.2 miles east of Hillsboro, Texas. X 85. a, Front view; b, 

rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURES 14,15. B. colonensis Cushman and Hedberg. (After Cushman and Hedberg.) Cretaceous, Venezuela. X 75, 14o, Front view; 

b, apertural view.

FIGURE 16. B. irregularis (Terquem) Cushman and Parker. Eocene, France. X 90. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view. 

FIGURE 17. B. intorta (Terquem) Cushman and Parker. Eocene, France. X 90. a, Front view; b, rear view; c. apertural view.

FIGURES 18-21. B. turbinata (Terquem) Cushman and Parker. Eocene, France, a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view. 18, 

19, X 100. 20, 21, x 95, abnormal specimens.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 15

TEEEBRALINA, TUREILINA, AND BULIMINELLA
142 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

PLATE 16

FIGURE 1. Buliminella flexa (Terquem) Cushman and Parker. Eocene, France. X 95.

FIGURE 2. B. ccnulus (Terquem) Cushman and Parker. (After Terquem.) Eocene, France. X 30.

FIGURE 3. B. pupa (Terquem) Cusliman and Parker. Eocene, France, x 95. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view,

FIGURES 4, 9. B. semi-nuda (Terquem) Cushman and Parker. Eocene, France. X 95. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURES 5, 6. B. pulchra (Terquem) Cushman and Parker. Eocene, France. X 70. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 7, B. alabatnensis Cushman. (After Cushman.) Eocene, Water Valley, Alabama. X 70. a, Front view; b, side view.

FIGURE 8. B. robertsi (Howe and Ellis) Martin. Eocene, 3 miles north of Branson, Texas. X 110.

FIGURE 10. B. basistriata Cushman and Jarvis. Eocene, Trinidad. X 85.

FIGURE 11. B. basistriata Cushman and Jarvis var. nuda Howe and Wallace. Eocene, Danville Landing, Louisiana. X 85.

FIGURE 12. B. grata Parker and Bermiidez. (After Parker and Bermudez.) Eocene, Cuba. X 65. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, 

apertural view.

FIGURE 13. B. grata Parker and Bermudez var. spinosa Parker and Bermudez. (After Parker and Bermudez.) Eocene, Cuba. X 55. 

a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURES 14, 15. B. westraliensis Parr. (After Parr.) Eocene, Australia. X 60.

FIGURES 16,17. B. obtusata Cushman. Oligocene, Byram, Mississippi. X 95. 17o, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURES 18, 19. B. choctawensis Cushman and McGlamery. (After Cushman and McGLamery.) Oligocene, Alabama. X 85.

FIGURE 20. B. madagascariensis (D'Orbigny) var. spicata Cushman and Parker. Oligocene, Australia. X 65. a, Front view; b, rear 

view.

FIGURE 21. B. subfusiformis Cushman. Miocene, California. X 85. 

FIGURE 22. B. curta Cushman. Miocene, California. X 85.

FIGURE 23. B. curta Cushman var. basispinata R. E. and K. C. Stewart. (After R. E. and K. C. Stewart.) Pliocene, California. 

X 65.

FIGURE 24. B. brevior Cushman. Miocene, California. X 65.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 16

BULIMINELLA
144 " SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

PLATE 17

FIGURE 1. Buliminella californica Cushman. Miocene, California. X 85.

FIGURE 2. B. glomerata Cushman and Parker, n. name (After Tolmachoff.) Miocene, Colombia. X 35.

FIGURES 3, 4. B. dubia Barbat and Johnson. (After Barbat and Johnson.) Miocene, California. X 55.

FIGURE 5. B. henryana Cushman and Kleinpell. (After Cushman and Kleinpell.) Miocene, California. X 65. a, Front view; b, apertufal view.

FIGURE 6. B. bassendorfensis Cushman and Parker. Miocene, Oregon, x 65. a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURE 7. B. semihispida Kleinpell. (After Kleinpell.) Miocene, California, x 35. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURES 8, 9. B. multicamera Cushman and Parker. Pliocene, Italy. X 70. a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURES 10-12. B. elegantissima (D'Orbigny) Cushman. Recent. X 100. 10, Off Peru. 11, 12, Off Brazil.

FIGURE 13. B. elegantissima (D'Orbigny) Cushman var. cochlea Wiesner. (After Wiesner.) Recent, Antarctic. X 25.

FIGURE 14. B. elegans (D'Orbigny) Cushman and Parker. Drawn from D'Orbigny's model.

FIGURES 15-17. B. madagascaricnsis (D'Orbigny) Cushman and Parker. 15, 16, Oligocene, Australia, x 65. a, Front view; b, rear 

view. 17, Recent, New Zealand. X 85.

FIGURES 18, 19. B. spinigera Cushman. Recent, Atlantic, x 50.

FIGURES 20, 21. B. millctti Cushman. (After Cushman.) Recent, Fiji. X 65. a, Front view; b, apertural view.

FIGURE 22. B. parallela Cushman and Parker. Recent, off Brazil, x 135. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURES 23,24. Buliminoides williamsoniana (H. B. Brady) Cushman. (After H. B. Brady.) Recent, Pacific. X 50. 23c, Front 

view; 23b, side view. 24o, Front view; 24b, apertural view.

FIGURES 25,26. Ungulatella pacifica Cushman. (After Cushman.) Recent, Pacific, x 40. a, Front view; b, side view; c, apertural view. 

FIGURE 27. U. peregrina Cushnian. (After Cushman.) Recent, Pacific, x 105. a, Front view; b, side view; c, apertural view. 

FIGURES 28,29. U. conoides Cushman. (After Cushman.) Recent, Pacific. X 105. a, Front view; b, side view, c, apertural view. 

FIGURE 30. U. capistra Cushman. (After Cushman.) Recent, Pacific, x 80. a, Front view; b, side view, c, apertural view.

FIGURE 31. Bulvminella punctata (D'Orbigny) Cushman and Parker. (After Fornasini.) Recent, Mediterranean, a. Front view; b, rear 

view.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 17

BULIMTNELLA, BTJLIMIXOIDES, UNGULATELLA, AND KULIMINA
146 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

PLATE 18

FIGURE 1. Robertina -wilcoxensis Cushman and Ponton. Eocene, Wilcox, 1 mile north of Ozark, Alabama. X 100. a, Front view; 

b, rear view.

FIGURE 2. R. mcguirti Howe. (After Howe.) Eocene, Cook Mountain, St. Maurice, Louisiana, a, Front view; b, rear view. X 80.

FIGURE 3. R. plummerae Cushman and Parker. Eocene, Claiborne, Bastrop Co., Texas. X 70. a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURE 4. R. ovigera (Terquem) Cushman and Parker. Eocene, France. X 85. a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURE 5. R. germanica Cushman and Parker. Oligocene, Germany, x 40. a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURE 6. R. angusta (Cushman) Cushman and Parker. Oligocene, Mississippi. X 55. a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURE 7. R. declivis (Reuss) Cushman and Parker. Oligocene, Germany. X 85. a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURES 8, 22. R. austriaca Reuss. Miocene, Austria. X 65. a, Front view; b, rear view;

FIGURES 9, 10. R. imperatrix (Karrer) Cushman and Parker. Miocene, Hungary, x 65. a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURE 11. R. californica Cushman and Parker. Pliocene, California, x 55. a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURE 12. R. arctica D'Orbigny. Recent, off Greenland. X 65. a, Front view; &, rear view.

FIGURE 13. R. subcylindrica (H. B. Brady) Cushman and Parker. Recent, off Brazil. X 65. a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURE 14. R. charlottensis (Cushman) Cushman, Recent, Queen Charlotte Sound, x 55. a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURE 15. R. translucens Cushman and Parker. Recent, off Ireland, x 85. a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURE 16. R. bradyi Cushman and Parker. Recent, Caribbean Sea. x 85. a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURE 17. R. parkcri (Terquem and Terquem) Cushman and Parker. (After Terquem and Terquem.) Recent, off Norway.

FIGURE 18. R. oceanica Cushman and Parker, n. sp. Recent, off New Zealand. Holotype. X 35.

FIGURE 19. R. subteres (H. B. Brady) Cushman and Parker. Recent, off Ireland. X 85. a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURE 20. Pseudobulimina chapmani (Heron-Alien and Earland) Earland. (After Heron-Alien and Earland.) Recent, Antarctic. 

X 50. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 21. P. glaessneri Howe and Roberts. (After Howe.) Eocene, Cook Mountain, St. Maurice, Louisiana. X 55. a, Dorsal view; 

b, ventral view; c, apertural view.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 18

ROBERTINA AND PSEUDOBULIMINA
148 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

PLATE 19

FIGURE 1. Bulimina antiqua Terquem and Berthelin. (After Terquem and Berthelin.) Jurassic, France. X 80.

FIGURES 2,3. B. incurva Terquem. (After Terquem.) Jurassic, France. X 50.

FIGURE 4. B. intricate. Terquem. (After Terquem.) Jurassic, France. X 50.

FIGURES 5, 6. B. muricata Terquem. (After Terquem.) Jurassic, France. X 55.

FIGURES 7-9. B. prima Terquem. (After Terquem.) Jurassic, France. Fig. 7, X 50. Figs. 8, 9, X 40.

FIGURE 10. B. nannina Tappan. (After Tappan.) Lower Cretaceous, Texas, x 60. a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURE 11. B. mure hisoniana D'Orbigny. Cretaceous, Gravesend, England. X 35. a, Front view; b, apertural view.

FIGURES 12-15. B. intermedia Reuss. 12, 13, Cretaceous, Kosstitz, Bohemia. 14, 15, Cretaceous, Luschitz, Bohemia. Autotypes in 

Reuss collection at Vienna, x 35. a Front view; b, apertural view.

FIGURE 16. B. acuta Reuss. (After Reuss.) Cretaceous, Lemberg, Galicia.

FIGURE 17. B. parva Franke. Cretaceous, Mersch, near Hamni, Germany, x 100.

FIGURE 18. B. exiyua Cushman and Parker. Cretaceous, Brownstown marl, Texas. X 65. a, Front view; b, apertural view.

FIGURES 19,20. B. kickapooensis Cole. Cretaceous. 19, Upper part of Taylor marl, Red River Co., Texas. Holotype, megalospheric. 

X 55. a, Front view; b, apertural view. 20, Upper part of Taylor marl, Navarro Co., Texas. Paratype, microsplieric. 

X 55.

FIGURES 21, 22. B. kickapooensis Cole var. pinyua Cushman and Parker, Cretaceous, Corsicana marl, Limestone Co., Texas. 21, Holotype. 22, Paratype. x 40. a, Front view; b, apertural view.

FIGUKES 23,24. B. taylorenxis Cushman and Parker. Cretaceous. 23, Upper part of Taylor marl, Red River Co., Texas, a, Front view; 

b, apertural view, x 60. 24, Upper part of Taylor marl, Bexar Co., Texas, x 70.

FIGURE 25. B. trianyularis Cushman and Parker. Cretaceous, upper part of Taylor marl, Collin Co., Texas. X 60. a, Front view; 

b, apertural view.

FIGURE 26. B. rudita Cushman and Parker. Cretaceous, upper part of Taylor marl, Red River Co., Texas. X 70. a, Front view; 

b, apertural view.

FIGURE 27. B. pectinata Cushman and Parker. Cretaceous, lower part of Taylor marl, Delta Co., Texas. X 75. a, Front view; 

b, rear view ; c, apertural view.

FIGURES 28-30. JR. aspera Cushman and Parker. Cretaceous. 28, 29. Corsicana marl, Navarro Co., Texas, x 40. 30, Upper part of 

Taylor marl, Katifman Co., Texas.

FIGURE 31. B. rctis.fi Morrow. Cretaceous, Lemberg, Galicia. X 90.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 19

BULIMINA
150 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

PLATE 20

FIGURES 1-5. Bulimina reussi Morrow. Cretaceous. 1, Wolfe City sand member of Taylor marl, Collin Co., Texas. 2, Austin chalk, 

Collin Co., Texas. 3, 4, White Chalk, Antigua, B. W. I. 5, Saratoga chalk, Howard Co., Arkansas. 1, 2, X 90. 3-5, X 55. 

a, Front view; b, apertural view.

FIGURE 6. B. reussi Morrow var. navarroensis Cushman and Parker. Cretaceous, Corsicana marl, Caldwell Co., Texas. X 90. a. 

Front view; b, apertural view.

FIGURES 7, 8. B. prolixa Cushman and Parker. Cretaceous, Ripley, McNairy Co., Tennessee. 7a, Front view; b, apertural view. X 90. 

80, Front view; b} side view, x 55.

FIGURES 9, 10. B. arkadelphicma Cushman and Parker. Cretaceous, Arkadelphia marl, Hempstead Co., Arkansas, x 65. a, Front 

view; b, apertural view.

FIGURE 11. B. velascoensis (Cushman) White. Creta'ceous. Mexico, x 65.

FIGURES 12, 13. B. incisa Cushman. Cretaceous, Mexico. 12, x 55. 13, x 80.

FIGURE 14. B. tortilis Reuss. (After Reuss.) Cretaceous, New Jersey, a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURE 15. B. trihedra Cushman. Cretaceous, Mexico. X 55. a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURES 16, 17. B. trinitatensis Cushman and Jarvis. Cretaceous. Trinidad. X 50. a, Front view; b, apertural view.

FIGURE 18. B. globocapitata Chapman. (After Chapman.) Eocene, New Zealand, x 25. a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURE 19. B. limbata White. Cretaceous, Mexico, x 55. a, Front view; b, apertural view.

FIGURE 20. . B. mendezensis White. Cretaceous, Mexico, x 90. a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURE 21. B. spinata Cushman and Campbell. Cretaceous, California, x 65.

FIGURES 22, 23. B. callahani Galloway and Morrey. Cretaceous, Mexico. 22, (After Galloway and Morrey) x 45. 23, X 50.

FIGURE 24. B. tabascoensis Galloway and Morrey. (After Galloway and Morrey.) Cretaceous, Mexico, x 45.

FIGURE 25. B. ezoensis Yokoyama. (After Yokoyama.) Cretaceous(?), Japan, x 20. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURES 26-28. B. schwageri Yokoyama. (After Yokoyama.) Cretaceous(P), Japan, x 70. a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURE 29. B. baccata Yokoyama. (After Yokoyama.) Cretaceous(?), Japan. X 70. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 30. B. capitata Yokoyama. (After Yokoyama.) Cretaceous( 1), Japan. X 70. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 31. B. polymorphinoides Yokoyama. (After Yokoyama.) Cretaceous(?), Japan. X 70. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, side 

view.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 20

BULIMINA
152 . SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

PLATE 21

FIGURES 1, 2. Bulimina aspera Cushman and Parker. Cretaceous, 'Taylor marl, Caldwell Co., Texas. X 80.

FIGURE 3. B. brevis D'Orbigny. Cretaceous, Gravesend, England. X 35.

FIGURE 4. B. minuta (Marsson) Cushman. Cretaceous, Riigen, Germany, x 50.

FIGURE 5. Buliminella pusilla (Brotzen) Cushman and Parker. Cretaceous, Eriksdal, Sweden. X 125.

FIGURE 6. Bulimina tabascoensis Galloway and Morrey. Cretaceous, Mexico. X 65.

FIGURES 7, 8. B. truncana Gumbel. Eocene, Budapest, Hungary. X 85. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 9. B. simplex Terquem. Eocene, France, x 65. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURES 10,11. B. longiscata Terquem. (After Terquem.) Eocene, France. 10, X 12. 11, x 28.

FIGURE 12. B. obscura Terquem. (After Terquem.) Eocene, France. X 25. a, Front view; b, apertural view.

FIGURE 13. B. oviformis Terquem. (After Terquem.) Eocene, France. X 25.

FIGURE 14. B. splendens Terquem. (After Terquem.) Eocene, France. X 35.

FIGURE 15. B. glanduliformis Terquem. (After Terquem.) Eocene, France. X 28.

FIGURE 16. B. decorata Terquem. (After Terquem.) Eocene, France. X 28.

FIGURE 17. B. tenuistriata Terquem. Eocene, France. X 90. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 18. B. trigona Terquem. Eocene, France, x 50. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURES 19,20. B. selseyensis Heron-Alien and Earland. (After Heron-Alien and Earland.) Eocene, Selsey, England. X 70.

FIGURES 21,22. B. versa Cushman and Parker. Eocene, France, x 75. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 23. B. eccentrica Cushman and Parker. Eocene, France. X 45. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURES 24, 25. B. arkadelphiana Cushman and Parker var. midwayensis Cushman and Parker. Paleocene, Midway, Texas. X 105. 

a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 26. B. thanetensis Cushman and Parker, n. sp. Eocene. Thanet Beds, Pegvvell Bay, England. Holotype. x 85.

FIGURE 27. B. cacumenata Cushman and Parker. Paleocene, Midway, Bastrop Co., Texas, x 125. a, Front view; b, rear view; 

c, apertural view.

FIGURES 28,29. B. semicostata Nuttall. Eocene. 28, Cuba. (After Parker and Bermudez.) x 65. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view. 29, Mexico, x 50. Paratype.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 21

BULIMINA AND BULIMINELLA
154 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

PLATE 22

FIGURE 1. Bulimina semicostata Nuttall var. crassicosta Parker and Bermudez. (After Parker and Bermiidez.) Eocene, Cuba. X 85. 

a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 2. B. corrugata Cushman and Siegfus. (After Cushman and Siegfus.) Eocene, California, x 85. a, Front view; b, apertural 

view.

FIGURE 3. B. bradyi Wienzierl and Applin. Eocene, Claiborne, South Liberty, Texas. Holotype refigured. X 65.

FIGURE 4. B. mauricensis Howe. (After Howe.) Eocene, Claiborne, St. Maurice, Louisiana, x 65. a, Front view; b, apertural view.

FIGURE 5. B. winniana Howe. (After Howe.) Eocene, Claiborne, St. Maurice, Louisiana. X 70

FIGURE 6. B. curtissima Cushman and Siegfus. (After Cushman and Siegfus.) Eocene, California, x 90. a, Front view; b, apertural 

• view.

FIGURE 7. B. garzaensis Cushman and Siegfus. (After Cushman and Siegfus.) Eocene, California, x 85. a, Front view; b, apertural 

view.

FIGURE 8. B. adamsi Cushman and Parker. Eocene, California, x 85. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view. 

FIGURE 9. B. microcostata Cushman and Parker. Eocene, California. X 85. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view. 

FIGURE 10. B. lirata Cushman and Parker. Eocene, California. X 65. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view. 

FIGURE 11. B. excavata Cushman and Parker. Eocene, California. X 85. a, Front view; b, rear view: c, apertural view. 

FIGURE 12. B. guayabalensis Cole. Eocene, Guayabal, Mexico Topotype. X 65.

FIGURE 13. B. guayabalensis Cole var. ampla Cushman and Parker. Eocene, California, x 60. a, Front view; b, rear view, c, apertural view.

FIGURES 14-16. B. jacksonensis Cushman. 14, 15, Eocene, Jackson, Cocoa Post Office, Alabama, x 45. 16 (After Cushman). Holotype refigured. x 65. Eocene, Mexico.

FIGURES 17, 18. B. jacksonensis Cushman var. cuneata Cushman. (After Cushman.) Eocene, Jackson, southeast of Melvin, Alabama. 

X45.

FIGURE 19. B. cooperensis Cushman. Eocene, Cooper marl, South Carolina. X 65.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 22

BULIMINA
156 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

PLATE 23

FIGURE 1. Bulimina instabilis Cushman and Parker. Eocene, California. X 60. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural viev/. 

FIGURES 2, 3. B. macilenta Cushman and Parker. Eocene, California. X 85. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view. 

FIGURE 4. B. stalacta Cushman and Parker. Eocene, California. X 105. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 5. B. consangumea Parker .and Bermudez. (After Parker and Bermudez.) Eocene, Cuba, x 55. a, Front view; b, rear view; 

c, apertural view.

FIGURES 6,7. B. impendent Parker and Bermudez. (After Parker and Benmidez.) Eocene, Cuba, x 85. a, Front view; b, rear view; 

c, apertural view.

FIGURE 8. B. palmerae Parker and Bermudez. (After Parker and Bermudez.) Eocene, Cuba, x 55. a, Front view; b, rear view; 

c, apertural view.

FIGURE 9. B. tarda Parker and Bermudez. (After Parker and Bermiidez.) Eocene, Cuba, x 100. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, 

apertural view.

FIGURE 10. B. jarvisi Cushman and Parker. Eocene, Trinidad. X 80. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 23

BULIMINA
158 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

PLATE 24

FIGURE 1. Bulimina jarvisi Cushman and Parker. (After Parker and Bermudez.) Eocene, Cuba, x 50. a, Front view; b, rear view; 

c, apertural view.

FIGURE 2. B. heathensis W. Berry. (After W. Berry.) Oligocene, Peru, x 20, a, b, Opposite sides.

FIGURE 3. B. socialis Bornemann. Oligocene, Germany. X 65. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 4. B. cylindrica Roemer. (After Roemer.) Oligocene, Germany, a, Front view; b, apertural view.

FIGURE 5. B. uva Roemer. (After Roemer.) Oligocene, Germany, a, Front view; b, apertural view.

FIGURE 6. B. tuxpamensis Cole. (After Parker and Bermudez.) Eocene, Cuba, x 55, a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURES 7, 8. B. pupula Stache. Eocene, New Zealand. X 28. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 9. B. coprolithoides Andreae. Oligocene, France. X 125. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURES 10,11. B. alsatica Cushman and Parker. Oligocene, France. X 85. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 12. B. sculptilis Cushman. Oligocene, Red Bldff, Mississippi, x 50. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 13. B. sculptilis Cushman var. laciniata Cushman and Parker. Oligocene, Oregon. X 50. -a, Front view; b, rear view; c, 

apertural view.

FIGURES 14-16. B. alazanensis Cushman. x 85. 14, (After Parker and Bermudez.) Eocene, Cuba, a, Front view; b, rear view; 

c, apertural view. 15, Alazan clay, Mexico. 16, Recent, \\'est Indies.

FIGURE 17. B. bleeckeri Hedberg. Oligocene, Venezuela. X 65.

FIGURE 18. B. rue/if era Glaessner. (After Glaessner.) Oligocene, Russia, x 55.

FIGURE 19. B. bicona W. Berry. (After W. Berry.) Oligocene, Peru. X 20. a, Front view; b, apertural view.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 24

BULIMINA
160 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

PLATE 25

FIGURE 1. Bulimina jugosa Cushman and Parker. Oligocene( ?), Ecuador. X 90. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view. 

FIGURE 2. B. pyrula D'Orbigny. Miocene, Austria. X 35. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURES 3-7. B. pupoides D'Orbigny. 3, 4, Miocene, Austria. X 35. 5-7, (After Parker and Bermudez.) Eocene, Cuba. X SO. 

a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURES 8, 9. B. ovata D'Orbigny. Miocene, Austria. 8, X 35. 9, X 50. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 10. B. arcuata D'Orbigny. (After Fornasini.) Miocene, France, a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURES 11, 12. B. buclriana D'Orbigny. Miocene, Austria. X 35. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 13. B. buchiana D'Orbigny var. calabra Seguenza. Miocene. Hungary, x 50. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURES 14-17. B. elongata D'Orbigny. 14, (After Fornasini) Recent, Rimini, Italy, a, Side view; b, front view. 15-17, Miocene, 

Austria. X 50. 15a, Front view; b, apertural view. I6a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view. 17a, Front view; 

b, apertural view.

FIGURE 18. B. elongata D'Orbigny var. tenera Reuss. Miocene, Austria, x 65. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 19. B. elongata D'Orbigny var. lappa Cushman and Parker. Miocene, Austria, x 50. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 25

BULIMINA
162 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

PLATE 26

FIGURES 1,2. Bulimina elongata D'Orbigny var. subulata Cushmnn and Parker. Miocene, Austria. X 50. a, Front view; b, rear 

view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 3. B. buccinoidcA Egger. (After Egger.) Miocene, Germany, a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURES 4, 5. B. tuberculata Egger. Miocene, Ortenburg, Germany. 4, X 85. 5, X 65. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural 

view.

FIGURE 6. B. bulbiformis Seguenza. (After Seguenza.) Miocene, Italy. X 35.

FIGURES 7-9. B. calcarata Seguenza. 7, (After Seguenza.) Miocene, Italy, x 35. 8, Pliocene, Castel Arquato, Italy, x 40. a, 

Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view. 9, Mioce.ie, Loos, Austria, x 50.

FIGURES 10,11. B. affinis D'Orbigny var. tcnuissimestriata Schubert. (After Schubert.) Miocene, Austria, a, Front view; b, rear 

view.

FIGURE 12. B. rotula Schubert. (After Schubert.) Miocene, Austria, a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURE 13. B. pseudotorta Cushman. Miocene, California, x 35.

FIGURE 14. B. alllgata Cushman and Laiming. Miocene, California, x 50.

FIGURE 15. B. rinconensis Cushman and Laiming. Miocene, California. X 65.

FIGURE 16. B. dclreyensis Cushman and Galliher. (After Cushman and Galliher.) Miocene, California, x 35. a, Front view; b, apertural view.

FIGURE 17. B. carneroscnsis Cushman and Kleinpell. (After Cushman and Kleinpell.) Miocene, California. X 65. a, Front view; 

b, apertural view.

FIGURE 18. B. carnerosensis Cushman and Kleinpell var. mahoneyi Cushman and Kleinpell. (After Cushman and Kleinpell.) Miocene, 

California. X 65. a, Front view; b, apertural view.

FIGURE 19. B. uvigerinafortnis Cushman and Kleinpell. (After Cushman and Kleinpell.) Miocene, California. X 35. a, Front view; 

b, apertural view.

FIGURE 20. B. pseudoaffinis Kleinpell. Miocene, California. X 50. 

FIGURE 21. B. delmonteensis Kleinpell. Miocene, California. X 50.

FIGURE 22. B. ovula D'Orbigny var. pedroana Kleinpell. (After Kleinpell.) Miocene, California. X 50. 

•FIGURES 23,24. B. echinata D'Orbigny. Pliocene, Coroncina, Italy, x 65. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURES 25-27. B. acanthia Costa. Pliocene. 25, Castel Arquato, Italy, x 70. 26, 27, Sicily. 26, x 45. 27, x 70. a, Front view; 

b, rear view; c, apertural view.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 26

BULIMINA
164 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

PLATE 27

FIGURE 1. Bulirmna acanthia Costa. Pliocene, Sicily, x 70. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURES 2,3. B. costata D'Orbigny. Pliocene, Castel Arquato, Italy. X 85. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 4. B. peucetia Costa. (After Costa.) Pliocene, Italy, a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURE 5. B. pustulosa Costa. (After Costa.) Pliocene, Italy.

FIGURE 6. B. pedunculata Costa. (After Costa.) Pliocene, Italy.

FIGURE 7. B. subcalva Cushman and K. C. Stewart. Pliocene, California, x 50. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 8. B. subacuminata Cushman and R. E. Stewart. Pliocene, California, x 65. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURES 9, 10. B. pagoda Cushman var. hebcspinata R. E. and K. C. Stewart. Pliocene, California. 9, (After R. E. and K. C. 

Stewart.) x #5. a, Front view; b, apertural view. 10, X 60. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 11. B. fossa Cushman and. Parker. Pliocene, California, x 85. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 12. B. maryinospinata Cushman and Parker. Pliocene, California, x 65. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURES 13, 14. B. denudata Cushman and Parker. Pliocene, California, x 65. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 15. B. dcnudata Cushman and Parker, var. deformata Cushman and Parker. Pliocene, California. X 70. a, Front view; b, 

rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURES 16, 17. B. inflata Seguenza. X 70. 16, Pliocene, Southern Spain. 17, Pliocene, Messina, Italy, a, Front view; b, rear 

view; c, apertural view.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 27

BULIMINA
166 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

PLATE 28

FIGURES 1-3. Bulimina striala D'Orbigny. 1, (After Fornasini). a, Front view; b, rear view. 2, 3, Recent, Rimini, Italy. X 42. 

FIGURE 4. B. striata D'Orbigny var. mexicana Cushman. Recent, Gulf of Mexico. X 35.

FIGURES 5,6. B. marginata D'Orbigny. 5, (After D'Orbigny). a, Front view; b, rear view. 6, Recent, Rimini, Italy. X 45. a, Front 

view; b, apertural view.

FIGURE 7. B. trilobata D'Orbigny. (After Fornasini.) a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURES 8-11. B. aculeata D'Orbigny. 8, (After Fornasini.) 9-11, Recent, Rimini, Italy. X 35. a, Front view; b, apertural view.

FIGURES 12, 13. B. caudigera D'Orbigny. 12, From D'Orbigny's model. 13, Recent, Rimini, Italy. X 35. a, Front view; b, apertural view.

FIGURES 14-16. B. squammigera D'Orbigny. (After D'Orbigny.) Recent, Canary Islands.

FIGUKE 17. B. patagonica D'Orbigny. Recent, Rio de Janeiro Harbor, Brazil. X 65.

FIGURES 18, 19. B. patagonica D'Orbigny var. glabra Cushman and Wickenden. Recent, oft Juan Fernandez Island. X 65.

FIGURES 20-22. B. ovula D'Orbigny. Recent, Pacific, x 35.

FIGURES.23-25. B. affinis D'Orbigny. Recent, Western Atlantic, x 35. a, Front view; b, apertural view.

FIGURE 26. B. oceanica Terquem. (After Terquem.) Recent, Eastern Atlantic. X 40. a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURES 27,28. B. exilis H. B. Brady. Recent, off British Isles, x 50.

FIGURE 29. B. c.vilis H. B. Brady var. tenuala (Cushman) Cushman and Parker. Recent, Eastern Pacific. X 42.

f

FIGURES 30, 31. B. pyrula D'Orbigny var. spincscens H. B. Brady. Recent, Philippines, x 50.

FIGURES 32,33. B. subornata H. B. Brady. Recent, Philippines, x 50.

FIGURE 34. B. rostrata H. B. Brady. Recent, Eastern Pacific. X 85. a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURE 35. B. ornata Egger. (After Egger.) Recent, off Wrest Australia.

FIGURE 36. B. consobrina Fornasini. (After Fornasini.) Recent, Italy. X 40.

FIGURES 37, 38. B. gibba Fornasini. (After Fornasini.) Recent, Italy. X 40.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 28

BULIMINA
168 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

PLATE 29

FIGURES 1-5. Bulimina gibba Fornasini. Recent, off Villefranche, France. X 50. 

FIGURE 6. B. torta Cushman. (Holotype refigured.) Recent, Pacific, x 50.

FIGURE 7. B. subaffinis Cushman. Recent, Philippines. X 22.

%

FIGURE 8. B. barbata Cushman. (After Cushman.) Recent, Pacific, x 35.

FIGURE 9. B. spinifcra Cushman. Recent, Pacific, x 50.

FIGURES 10, 11. B. pagoda Cushman. Recent, Eastern Pacific. 10, (After Cushman), Holotype. x 35. 11, Paratype. X 65.

FIGURES 12, 13. B. clava Cushman and Parker, n. sp. Recent, Western Atlantic, x 35. 12, Holotype. 13, Paraiype.

FIGURES 14,15. B. fijicnsis Cushman. (After Cushman.) Recent. 14, Holotype. Nairai, Fiji, x 55. a, Side view; b, front view; 

c, apertural view. 15, Off Zanzibar, x 90.

FIGURE 16. B. buchiana D'Orbigny var. gutta Chapman and Parr. (After Chapman arid Parr.) Recent, Antarctic, x 65. 

FIGURE 17. B. brcvitrigona Chapman and Parr. (After Chapman and Parr.) Recent, Antarctic. X 65.

FIGURES 18, 19. Bulimina (Desinobulimina) quadrata Plummer. Paleocene, Midway, Texas, x 45. 18, Megalospheric. 19, Microspheric.

FIGURES 20,21. B. (Desinobulifinina) montercyana Kleinpell. Miocene, California. X 35. a, Front view; b, apertural view.

FIGURES 22-24. B. (Desinobulimina) auriculata Bailey. Recent, South of Block Island. 22, 23, x 45. a, Front view; b, side view. 

24, X 50. Showing interior.

FIGURES 25-27. B. (Desinobulimina) turgida Bailey. X 35. Recent. 25, 26, South of Block Island. 27, Off Drobach, Norway.

FIGURES 28,29. Neobulimina minima Tappan. (After Tappan.) Lower Cretaceous, Texas, x 65. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, 

apertural view.

FIGURE 30. N. irregularis Cushman and Parker. Cretaceous, Austin chalk, Grayson Co., Texas, x 40. a, Front view; b, apertural 

view. .

FIGURE 31. N. spinosa Cushman and Parker. Cretaceous, Ripley formation, Henderson Co., Tennessee. X 70. a, Front view; b, 

apertural view.

FIGURES 32,33. N. canadensis Cushman and Wickenden. Cretaceous, Taylor marl, Texas, x 70. a, Front view; b, apertural view.

FIGURE 34. Globobulimina perversa (Cushman) Cushman and Parker. Recent, Philippines. X 23.

FIGURES 35, 36. G. glabra Cushman and Parker, n. sp. Pliocene, Rome, Italy. X 40. 35, Holotype. 36, Paratype.

FIGURE 37. G. pacifica Cushman. Recent, off California, x 28.

FIGURE 38. G. gallihcri (Kleinpell) Cushman and Parker. (After Kleinpell.) Miocene, California, x 35. a, Front view; b, apertural view.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 29

BTJLIMINA, BULIMINA (DESINOBULIMINA), NEOBULIMINA, GLOBOBULIMINA
170 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

PLATE 30

FIGURE 1. Buliminella barbati Cushman and Simonson. (After Cushman and Simonson.) Oligocene, California. X 90. a, Front 

view; b} rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 2. B. fusiforma Jennings. (After Joinings.) Upper Creta:eous, New Jersey.

FIGURES 3,4. Robertina washing tonensis Beck. (After Beck.) Eocene, Washington. X 47. 3, Holotype. a, Front view; b, rear view. 

4, Paratype.

FIGURE 5. Bulimina laddi Cushman and Hedberg. (After Cushman and Hedberg.) Upper Cretaceous, Colombia. X 60. a, Front view; 

b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 6. B. pctrolcana Cushman and Hedberg. (After Cushman and Hedberg.) Upper Cretaceous, Colombia. X 60. a, Front view; 

b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 7. B. referata Jennings. (After Jennings.) Upper Cretaceous, New Jersey, a, Front view; b, apertural view.

FIGURE 8. B. notovata Chapman. (After H. B. Brady, "Bulimina ovata D'Orbigny.") Recent, off New Zealand, x 35. a, Front 

view; b, rear view.

FIGURE 9. B. bradburyi Martin. (After Martin.) Eocene, California. X 65. a, Front view; b, apertural view.

FIGURE 10. B. debilis Martin. (After Martin.) Eocene, California. X 65. a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 11. B. whitei Martin. (After Martin.) Eocene, California, x 90. a, Front view; b, apertural view.

FIGURE 12. B. (Desinobulimina) illingi Cushman and Stainforth, (After Cushman and Stainforth.) Oligocene, Trinidad. X 25. 

a, Front view; b, rear view; c, apertural view.

FIGURE 13. B. kugleri Cushman and Renz. (After Cushman and Renz.) Paleocene, Trinidad. X 70. a, Front view; b, rear view; 

c, apertural view.

FIGURE 14. B. microlongistriata LeRoy. (After LeRoy.) Late Tertiary, Borneo. X 30. a, Front view; b, apertural view.

FIGURE 15. B. ovata D'Orbigny var. cowlitzensis Beck. (After Beck.) Eocene, Washington, x 47.

FIGURE 16. B. schencki Beck. (After Beck.) Eocene, Washington. X 73. a, Front view; b, rear view.

FIGURE 17. Globobulimina pacifica Cushman var. scalprata Cushman and Todd. (After Cushman and Todd.) Miocene, Jamaica. 

X30.

FIGURE 18. Bulimina marginata D'Orbigny var. tessellata Cushman and Todd. (After Cushman and Todd.) Miocene, Jamaica X 65. 

FIGURE 19. B. alazanensis Cushman var. spatiosa Cushman and Todd. (After Cushman and Todd.) Miocene, Jamaica. X 42.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE

BULIMINELLA, BULIMINA, AND GLOBOBULIMINA

INDEX

A Page 

Acknowledgments for aid .......................................... 55

Angulogerina ..................................................... 131

Arenobulimina .................................................... 132

brevicona ................................................. 130, 131

conoidea ..................................................... 130

d'orbignyi .................................................... 130

frons ........................................................ 130

obesa ........................................................ 131

obliqua ...................................................... 131

preslii ....................................................... 131

puschi ................................................... .111, 131

sabulosa ...................................................... 131

subsphaerica .................................................. 132

trigonula inornata ............................................ 132

truncata ...................................................... 132

Ataxophragmium ....................................... % .......... 132

rimosum ..................................................... 131

variabile ..................................................... 132

B 

Bitubulogenerina .................................................. 110

Bulimina ....................55, 69, 71, 76, 77-132, 133, 134, pis. 19-30

abatissae ..................................................... 137

acanthia ...................................115-116, 125, pis. 26, 27

acicula .................................................... 56, 130

aculeata .......................... .92, 109, 120-121, 122, 127, pi. 28

acuta .............................................. .80, 130, pi. 19

adamsi .................................................. 95, pi. 22

affinis ..............101, 105, 106, 111, 114, 121, 122-123, 126, pi. 28

tenuissimestriata ..................................... Ill, pi. 26

alazanensis .................................89, 103, 104, 117, pi. 24

spatiosa ........................................ 103-104, pi. 30

alligata ............................................ 112, 116, pi. 26

alsatica ....................................... 102, 104, 115, pi. 24

amphicona .................................................... 79

ampla ........................................................ 96

andreae ...................................................... 130

andreaei ...................................................... 130

antiqua .................................................. 78, pi. 19

aperta ......................................................... 101

arcuata ........................................ 107, 111, 130, pi. 25

arenacea ..................................................... 132

ariminensis ................................................ 108, 109

arkadelphiana ........................................ 85, 87, pi. 20

midwayensis ................................ .92, 98, 100, pi. 21

aspera ........................................... 81, 83, pis. 19, 21

auricula ...................................................... 130

auriculata ............................................ 128, 129, 130

baccata ...................................:......88, 89, 125, pi. 20

barbata ............................................ 124, 126, pi. 29

bellardii ...................................................... 91

bicona .................................................. 104, pi. 24

bleeckeri ........................................... 102, 104, pi. 24

Ijorionica ..................................................... 137

bradburyi ............................................ 96-97, pi. 30

bradyi ................................................. .94, pi. 22

bremneri ..................................................... 137

brevicona ..................................................... 130

brevis ........................................... 79, 84, 131, pi. 21

brevitrigona ............................................ 127, pi. 29

buccinoides ............................................. 110, pi. 26

buchiana ....88, 98, 102, 107, 108, 112, 113, 115, 118, 124, 127, pi. 25

calabra ............................................. 108, pi. 25

gutta ................................................ 127, pi. 29

bulbiformis ............................................. 110, pi. 26

byramensis ................................................... 137

cacumenata .......................................92, 93, 95, pi. 21

calcarata ............................................... 110, pi. 26

callahani .............................................. 87-88, pi. 20

Candida ....................................................... 130

capitata ........................................ 88-89, 96, 98, pi. 20

carnerosensis ........................................... 113, pi. 26

mahoneyi ........................................... 113, pi. 26

caudigera ............................................... 121, pi. 28

695464—47——9

Bulimina cenomana ............................................... 80

chapmani .................................................. 76, 130

clava ............................................... 127-128, pi. 29

compressa ..................................................58, 130

conoidea ..................................................... 130

consanguinea .................................... .95, 99-100, pi. 23

consobrina .............................................. 125, pi. 28

contorta ...................................................... 130

conulus ....................................................60, 130

convoluta ..................................................... 77

dehiscens ................................................. 130

nitida .................................................... 130

cooperensis .......................................85, 94, 98, pi. 22

coprolithoides .........................................:. 102, pi. 24

corrugata .....................................89, 93, 95, 97, pi. 22

costata .................................... 107, 108, 115, 118, pi. 27

cuneata ...................................................... 97

cuneiformis ................................................... 130

curtissima .......................................... .94, 100, pi. 22

cuspidata ..................................................... Ill

cylindracea ................................................... 130

cylindrica .......................................... 101, 130, pi. 24

debilis ................................................ .97, pi. 30

declivis ............................................. .73, 75, 86, 130

decorata ..............................................90-91, pi. 21

delmonteensis ...................................... 114, 129, pi. 26

detreyensis .........................................112-113, pi. 26

denticulata .................................................:. 99

denudata ...................................... 117-118, 120, pi. 27

deformata .......................................... 118, pi. 27

depressa ....................................................... 130

doliolum ........................."......................... 129, 130

d'orbignyi .................................................... 130

eccentrica ................................................92, pi. 21

echinata ...................................... .114-115, 122, pi. 26

elegans ...................... .57, 68, 81, 105, 108, 109, 123-125, 13O

exilis .................................................... 123

gibba .................................................... 130

marginata ................................................ 12O

elegantissima ...'................................. 56, 67, 68, 69, 130

apiculata .............................................. 64, 130

compressa .................s ........................... .69, 130

fusiformis ............................................. 68, 130

ellipsoides ............................................ 106, 107, 125

elongata.......... .. .83, 88, 90, 101, 102, 108-109, 115, 122, 123, 125,

126, 131, pi. 25 

ariminensis ............................................... 125

cylindrica ................................................ 130

lappa ....................................... 109-110, 115, pi. 25

subulata ....................................... 109, 122, pi. 26

tenera ............................................... 109, pi. 25

eocena ....................................................... 108

etnea ........................................................ US

excavata ................................................. 96, pi. 22

exigua .................................................. 81, pi. 19

exilis .................................................. 123, pi. 28

tenuata ............................................. 124, pi. 28

ezoensis ................................................. 88, pi. 20

fijiensis ............................................ 125, 127, pi. 29

flexa ......................................................60, 130

forticosta ...................................:................. 137

fossa ......................( ............................. 117, pi. 27

frons .....................'................................... 130

fusiformis ................................................. 108, 125

baccata .................................................. 125

marginata ................................................ 120

pupoides ................................................. 108

galliheri .................................................. 130, 134

garzaensis .........................................94-95, 99, pi. 22

gibba ............................109, 116, 121, 125, 130, pis. 28, 29

marginata ................................................ 120

glanduliformis ...........................................90, pi. 21

globocapitata ............................................. 87, pi. 20

gracilis .................................................. 108, 109>

173
174 INDEX

Page 

Bulitnina gregorii ................................................. 131

guayabalensis ..................................... 62, 94, 96, pi. 22

ampla ............................................... .96, pi. 22

heathensis .............................................. 101, pi. 24

imbricata ............................................. .57, 111, 131

procera .................................................. 108

impendens .............................................. 100, pi. 23

imperatrix ................................................. 74, 131

incisa ...........................................!... .86, 96, pi. 20

inconstans ................................................ 108, 109

incrassata .................................................... 105

elongata .................................................. 131

incurva ................................................. 78, pi. 19

inflata...........99, 102, 104, 112, 115, 118, 119, 127, 128, 131, pi. 27

alligata ............................................... 104, 112

mexicana ................................................. 119

instabilis ............................................. 96, 98, pi. 23

intermedia ........................................... 79, 80, pi. 19

intorta ..................................................... 60, 131

intricata ................................................. 78, pi. 19

irregularis ................................................. 59, 131

jacksonensis ..................................94, 96-98, 103, pi. 22

cuneata .............................................. 97, pi. 22

jaekeli ....................................................... 131

jarvisi ..................................... .93, 100-101, pis. 23, 24

jugosa ...................:.............................. 104, pi. 25

kickapooensis ............................ .80, 81, 83, 87, 128, pi. 19

pingua ........................................... 81-82, pi. 19

kugleri .................................................. 93, pi. 30

laddi ............................. ..................... 87, pi. 30

laevigata ............................................. 106, 107, 123

laevis .................................................... .57, 131

limbata .................................................. 87, pi. 20

lirata ............................................... .95, 98, pi. 22

longiscata .............................................. .90, pi. 21

Iwowensis ..................................................... 84

macilenta ............................................. 98-99, pi. 23

madagascariensis ........................................... 68, 131

madrugaensis ................................................. 131

mammillata ................................................... 131

mapiria ....................................................... 137

marginata ............ 77, 115-116, 117, 118, 119-120, 127, 129, pi. 28

biserialis ................................................. 131

tessellata ................/ ......................... 120, pi. 30

marginospinata .......................................... 117, pi. 27

marssoni ..................................................... 81

mauricensis .............................................. 94, pi. 22

mendezensis ............................................. 87, pi. 20

microcostata .......................................... 93, 95, pi. 22

microlongistriata ........................................ 114, pi. 30

minuta ......................................... .81, 91, 110, pi. 21

minutissima ................................................... 131

miolaevis ..................................................... 137

montereyana .................................................. 129

delmonteensis ............................................ 114

murchisoniana .................................... 79, 80, 84, pi. 19

muricata ................................................. 78, pi. 19

nannina ................................................. 78, pi. 19

normani ...................................................... 131

notovata ....................................... 106, 107, 125, pi. 30

obesa ........................................................ 131

obliqua ................................................... .61, 131

obscura ..................................................90, pi. 21

obtusa .............................................. 56, 81, 83, 131

oceanica ................................................ 123, pi. 28

ornata ..................................... .82-83, 125, 127, pi. 28

ovata...........94, 97, 101, 102, 105, 106-107, 109, 117, 122, 123, 125,

126, 129, pi. 25

apiculata ............................................... 64, 110

cowlitzensis .......................................... 98, pi. 30

oviformis ................................................ 90, pi. 21

ovigera .................................................... 72, 131

ovoides ....................................................... 129

ovula ..............................60, 78, 114, 122, 123, 131, pi. 28

pedroana ........................................... 114, pi. 26

ovulum ............................................ 57, 84, 111, 131

pagoda ......................................... 118, 126-127, pi. 29

deformata ................................................ 118

denudata ................................................. 117

hebespinata ......................................... 117, pi. 27

pahiensis ..................................................... 137

Page 

Bulitnina palmerae .......................................... 100, pi. 23

parkerae ..................................................... 125

parkeri .................................................... 76, 131

parva ............................................... .80-81, pi. 19

parvula ...................................................... Ill

patagonica ................................. 107, 12}, 121, 122, pi. 28

glabra .............................................. 122, pi. 28

pectinata ................................................. 83, pi. 19

pedunculata ............................................. 116, pi. 27

petalifera ..................................................... 131

petroleana .............................................. .87, pi. 30

spinea ...................:................................ 137

peucetia ................................................ 116, pi. 27

peucetiae affinis ............................................... 116

pitecusana .................................................... 105

polymorphinoides ......................................... 89, pi. 20

polystropha ................................................... 131

porrecta ...................................................... Ill

presli aculeata ................................................ 125

buchiana ................................................. 103

elegantissima .'............................................. 76

marginata .................................. ; ............. 120

pyrula ......................................'.............. 129

preslii ........................................................ 131

sabulosa .................................................. 131

prima ................................................... 78, pi. 19

prolixa ............................................ 84-85, 97, pi. 20

propinqua .................................................... 101

protea ........................................................ 80

pseudoaffinis ....................................... .113-114, pi. 26

pseudotorta ................................ 111-112, 114, 129, pi. 26

pulchella ............................................. US, 117, 119

pulchra ............................................ .60, 61, 66, 131

punctata ...................................................68, 131

pupa ..................................................-.""• .61, 131

pupoides......83, 96, 101, 105-106, 107, 108, 110, 111, 114, 123, pi. 25

brevis .................................................... 131

convoluta ..............................................77, 131

fusiformis ................................................ 131

marginata ................................................ 120

spinulosa ................................................. 121

pupula ................................................. 101, pi. 24

puschi ................................................85, 111, 131

pusilla .....................................................57, 131

pustulosa ............................................... 116, pi. 27

pygmaea ..................................................... 131

pyrula....94, 96, 104-105, 110, 117, 122, 124, 129, 134, 135, 136, pi. 25

lata ...................................................... 105

perversa ..............................................131, 135

spinescens............................. .105, 124, 126, 129, pi. 28

spinosa .............................................. r .... 131

quadrata ........................................... .81, 83, 93, 128

rakauroana ................................................... 137

referata ................................................. 82, pi. 30

reussi........................ .....57, 78, 81, 84, 8-5, 111, pis. 19, 20

navarroensis .................................. 78, 81, 84, pi. 20

rhomboidalis .................................................. 131

rimosa ....................................................... 131

rinconensis ................................ 102, 10*, 112, 117, pi. 26

robertsi .................................................... 62, 131

rostrata .............................89, 93, 95, 103, 124, 127, pi. 28

rbtula .................................................. Ill, pi. 26

rudita ............................................ 81, 82-83, pi. 19

rugifera ................................................ 104, pi. 24

rugosa ....................................................... 80

sarthacensis .................................................. 80

scabra ........................................................ 131

scabriuscula ............................................... 108, 109

scalariformis ...............................................59, 132

schencki .................................................98, pi. 30

schwageri ........................................... 88, 108, pi. 20

scobinata ..................................................... 137

sculptilis. .................................... .94, 97, 98, 103, pi. 24

laciniata ....................................... 100, 103, pi. 24

paucicostata .............................................. 137

sellini ........................................................ 132

selseyensis .............................................. .91, pi. 21

semicostata ..................................... .93, 95, 124, pi. 21

crassicosta ........................................... 93, pi. 22

semi-nuda ................................................. .61, 132

seminuda ................................................... 68, 77
INDEX 175

Page 

Bulimina semistriata ........................................... 106, 107

senta ......................................................... 137

serrata ....................................................... 120

simaensis ..................................................... 137

simplex ......................................... .89-90, 102, pi. 21

socialis .............................................96, 102,.pl. 24

speciosa ...................................................... 85

spinata ........................................... 86-87, 99, pi. 20

spinifera ................................................ 126, pi. 29

spinosa ................................................... 109, 131

splendens ................................................ 90, pi. 21

squammigera ............................................ 121, pi. 28

stalacta ........................................ 99, 100, 102, pi. 23

stokesi ....................................................... 137

striata ............................................. 118, 119, pi. 28

mexicana ................................. .118, 119. 128, pi. 28

striato-punctata ............................................. 61, 132

subacuminata .............................. 104, 112, 116-117, pi. 27

subaffinis ............................................... 126, pi. 29

subbulbifoimis ................................................ 132

subcalva ................................................ 116, pi. 27

subcylindrica ............................................... 75, 132

subdeclivis .................................................... 132

subornata...................................83, 111, 114, 124, pi. 28

subsphaerica .................................................. 132

subteres ............................................ 74, 75, 76, 132

sulcata ....................................................... 132

tabascoensis ..................................... .86, 88, pis. 20, 21

tarda .............................................. 100, 101, pi. 23

taylorensis ........................................... 82, 86, pi. 19

tenera ......................................................... 109

tenuistriata ..............................................91, pi. 21

terquemiana ............................................... .61, 132

textilariformis ................................................. 132

thanetensis ..............................................92, pi. 21

torta ............................................... 125-126, pi. 29

tortilis ..................................................85, pi. 20

triangularis .............................................. 82, pi. 19

trigona .............................................91, 132, pi. 21

trigonalis ..................................................... 137

trigonula inornata ............................................. 132

trihedra .............................................. 84, 86, pi. 20

trilobata ........................................... 120, 132, pi. 28

trinitatensis .............................................. 86, pi. 20

triquetra ..................................................110-111

trocheata ..................................................... 132

truncana.....................................89, 95, 103, 117, pi. 21

aksuatica ................................................. 137

angusta .................................................. 89

denticulata .............................................. 89, 99

truncanella ................................................... 137

truncata ...................................................... 132

tuberculata ..........................................92, 110, pi. 26

tumida ...................................................... 79-80

turbinata .................................................. 60, 132

turgida ....................................................... 129

tuxpameasis ....................................86, 100, 101, pi. 24

uva ................................................ 101-102, pi. 24

uviformis ..................................................... 132

uvigerinaformis ......................................... 113, pi. 26

variabilis ..................................................... 132

velascoensis .......................................85-86, 88, pi. 20

ventricosa .................................................... 84

versa ................................................ .91-92, pi. 21

whitei ................................................... 97, pi. 30

williamsoniana ..........................................69, 70, 132

winniana ........................................... .94, 102, pi. 22

(Desinobulimina) ........................................... 128-130

auriculata ...................................... 128, 129, pi. 29

illingi .......................................... 128-129, pi. 30

montereyana ............................... 112, 114, 129, pi. 29

quadrats ........................................81, 128, pi. 29

suteri .................................................... 137

turgida ......................................... 129-130, pi. 29

(Ellipsobulimina) quadrata ..................................... 128

sp..................................................96, 97, 105, 106

Buliminella ................56-69, 70, 71, 91, 101, 107, 121, 123, 130, 131,

pis. 15-17, 21, 30 

alabamensis .............................................. 62, pi. 16

Buliminella apicuiata .............................................

apiculata hebetata ...........................................

barbati .................................................. 64,

basistriata ............................................... 62,

nuda ................................................62,

bassendoriensis .................................... 64, 66-67,

beaumonti ..................................................

brevior .............................................. 64, 65,

browni .....................................................

californica ........................................65—66, 67,

carseyae .........................................58, 59, 130,

plana ................................................ 58,

choctawensis ............................................. 63,

colonensis ............................................ 59, 66,

conulus ............................................. 60, 130,

convoluta ...................................................

curta .............................................64-65, 66,

basispinata ...........................................65,

cushmani ......................................... .57, 58—59,

dubia .................................................... 66,

elegans .............................................68, 130,

exilis .............................................. .(>....

elegantissima. ...........................61, 63, 67-68, 69, 130,

apiculata ...............................................

cochlea .............................................. 68,

semi-nuda ..............................................

fabilis .........................................:......... 59,

flexa ................................................60, 130,

fusiforma ................................................ 59,

glomerata ............................................ 60, 66,

grata ................................................. 62-63,

spinosa .............................................. 63,

henryana ................................................ 66,

hofkeri .....................................................

imbricata ....................................57, 59, 111, 131,

inconstans ...................................................

basispinata .............................................

intorta ..........................................60, 62, 131,

irregularis .................................. .59-60, 131, 132,

laevis ..........'............................ .57, 58, 59, 131,

madagascariensis. ................. .61, 65, 67, 68-69, 130, 131,

spicata ......................................64, 69, 130,

milletti ................................................. .69,

multicamera .............................................. 67,

obtusa ...........................................56-57, 131,

obtusata .'....................................... .63, 69, 131,

parallela ............................................69, 130,

pulchra ........................................... 61—62, 66,

punctata ........................................... .68, 131,

pupa ...........................................61, 131, 132,

pusilla ......................................57, 59, 131, pis.

robertsi ........................................ .62, 63, 131,

sauria .......................................................

semihispida .............................................. 67,

semi-nuda .......................................61, 131, 132,

spinigera ............................................. 64, 69,

striato-punctata ..............................................

subfusiformis. ..........................62, 64, 65, 66-67, 124,

tenuata ................................................

subteres ........................... .*. .......................

angusta ................................................

terquemiana ................................................

turbinata ................................... .60, 66, 131, 132,

vitrea ...................................................59,

westraliensis ............................................. 63,

Buliminidae ...............................................

Bulimininae ....................................................

Buliminoides .............................................'. 69-70,

bantamensis ................................................

williamsoniana ....................................... 70, 132,

Page 

.. 64 

.. 68 

pi. 30 

pi. 16 

pi. 16 

pi. 17 

.. 137 

pi. 16 

.. 137 

pi. 17 

pi. 15 

pi. 15 

pi. 16 

pi. 15 

pi. 16 

.. 77 

pi. 16 

pt. 16 

pi. 15 

pi. 17 

pi. 17 

.. 12,3 

pi. 17 

.. 64 

pi. 17 

.. 61 

pi. IS 

pi. 16 

pi. 30 

pi. 17 

pi. 16 

pi. 16 

pi. 17 

.. 58 

pi. 15 

.. 108 

.. 65 

pi. IS 

jl. 15 

pi. IS 

pi. 17 

11. 16 

pi. 17 

pi. 17 

pi. IS 

pi. 16 

pi. 17 

pi. 16 

pi. 17 

pi. 16 

15, 21 

pi. 16 

.. 137 

pV 17 

p', 16 

p'. 17 

.. 61 

p1 . 16 

. 124 

,. 75 

. 73 

. 61 

p'. 15 

pJ. 15 

p\ 16 

55-136 

77-136 

pf. 17 

.. 70 

p?. 17

Cassidulina ....................................................... 71

charlottensis .................................................. 74

Ceratobulimina .............................................71, 77, 131

dehiscens ..................................................... 130

Ceratobuliminidae .................................................. 71

Cucurbitina ....................................................... 77

Cushmanella ...................................................... 130
176 INDEX

D Page 

Desinobulimina ................................................ 128-130

Discorbis ..................................................... 131, 132

Dorothia globosa .................................................. 116

Eggerella bradyi .................................................. 127

scabra ........................................................ 132

Entosolenia .....................................................55, 77

G 

Gaudryina velascoensis ............................................ 85

Globobulimina. ......................... 105, 124, 126, 133-136, pis. 29, 30

bulbosa ....................................................... 134

caribbea ...................................................135-13f

galliheri ........................................... 131, 134, pi. 29

glabra .................................................. 134, pi. 29

globosa ....................................................... 134

hannai ....................................................... 137

pacifica................................ 122, 133, 134-135, 136, pi. 29

scalprata ........................................... 135, pi. 30

perversa ...........................................131, 135, pi. 29

sobrina ....................................................... 136

N 

Neobulimina ............................................ 132-133, pi. 29

canadensis .......................................... 132-133, pi. 29

irregularis .............................................. 133, pi. 29

minima ................................................. 132, pi. 29

spinosa ................................................. 133, pi. 29

Pernerina depressa ............................................ 130, 131

Pleurites ......................................................... 77

Polymorpha pineiformia ........................................ 120, 121

Pseudobulimina ............................................ 76-77, pi. 18

chaptnani ........................................ 76-77, 130, pi. 18

convoluta ..................................................77, 131

glaessneri ................................................ 77, pi. 18

R

Robertina ........................................... .71-76, 131, pi. 18

angusta .............................................. 72, 73, pi. 18

arctica........................................ 71, 74, 75, 76, pi. 18

austriaca ................................................ 73, pi. 18

bradyi .................................................. .75, pi. 18

californica ............................................... 74, pi. 18

chapmani ..................................................... 76

charlottensis ............................................. 74, pi. 18

convoluta ..................................................... 76

declivis ..................................I..........7i, 130, pi. 18

germanica ............................................... 73, pi. 18

imperatrix .......................................... .74, 131, pi. 18

Robertina lornensis ..............................................

mcguirti ................................................. 72,

moodysensis .................................................

oceanica ......................,...............:.......75-76,

ovigera ............................................. 72, 131,

parkeri .............................................76, 131,

plummerae ............................................... 72,

subcylindrica ........................................ 75, 132,

subteres ......................................... 74, 76, 132,

translucens .............................................. 75,

washingtonensis .......................................... 72,

wilcoxensis ........................................ 71—72, 73,

Page

. . 137 

pi. 18

.. 137 

pi. 18 

pi. 18 

pi. 18 

pi. 18 

pi. 18 

pi. 18 

pi. 18 

pi. 30 

pi. 18

Suggrunda ....................................................... 131

Terebralina ...............................................55-56, pi. 15

regularis .............................................55—56, pi. 15

Terebralininae ................................................... 55-5t>

Tritaxia .......................................................... Ill

minuta ....................................................81, 110

Turrilina ....................................................56, pi. 15

acicula ....................................................... 56

alsatica ................................................. 56, pi. 15

andreaei ........................................... .56, 130, pi. 15

angulata ...................................................... 56

brevispira ..................................................... 137

trochoides ..................................................... 5f>

Turrilininae ..................................................... 56-77

U

Ungulatella ............................................... 70-71, pi. 17

capistra .................................................71, pi. 17

conoides .................................................71, pi. 17

pacifica .................................................. 70, pi. 17

peregrina ............................................. 70-71, pi. 17

Uvigerina ................................................ 113, 131, 132

selseyensis .................................................... 91

tortilis ........................................................ 85

Valvulina ........................................................ 132

Candida ...................................................... 130

Verneuilina ...................................................... Ill

bradyi ........................................................ 127

polystropha ................................................... 131

schizea ....................................................... 133

Virgulina ..................................................... 130, 131

compressa .................................................... 130

fusiformis .................................................... 131

(Virgulinella) perusa .......................................... 130

. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1947-695464
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

J. A. Krug, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

W. E. Wrather, Director

Professional Paper 210-E

NEW UPPER CRETACEOUS FOSSILS 

FROM MISSISSIPPI AND TEXAS

PART 1. FOSSILS FROM TWO DEEP WELLS 

IN MISSISSIPPI

PAET 2. A VENERICARDIA FROM UVALDE 

COUNTY, TEXAS

BY

LLOYD WILLIAM STEPHENSON

Shorter contributions to general geology, 1946 

(Pages 161-198)

UNITED STATES

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

WASHINGTON : 1947

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.
CONTENTS

	Page 

Abstract (Parts 1 and 2)_____________________________ 161

Part 1. Fossils from two deep wells in Mississippi. _____ 161

Introduction ___________________________________ 161

McRae No. 1 well in Hinds County.--.---_--_--_- 161

Location and other pertinent data____________ 161

Fossiliferous cores.______-_-_-----__-______ 162

List of fossils___-_____--__--__-_--__--___-_- 162

Correlation. ___________________ ___________ 162

Avent No. 1 well in Grenada County..---_________ 163

Location and other pertinent data_ ___________ 163

Fossiliferous cores_____________________ -___ 163

List of fossils________-__--__-_-___-___-___ 163

Correlation. _ ______________________________ 164

Systematic descriptions____--_---__--__-_--__--_- 164

Fossils from the McRae well.________________ 164

Kingdom Animalia______________________ 164

Phylum Coelenterata________________ 164

Phylum Echinodermata.____________ 165

Part 1—Continued.

Systematic descriptions—Continued.

Fossils from the McRae well—Continued. 

Kingdom Animalia—Continued.

Phylum Molluscoidea.____________

Phylum Mollusca_______ _________

Kingdom Plantae__________--__---___-

Fossils from the Avent well-_______________

Kingdom Animalia__________________

Phylum Annelida.________________

Phylum Molluscoidea.____________

Phylum Mollusca_________________

Part 2. A new Venericardia from Uvalde Courty, Tex. 

Introduction _______________-__--____---__-__-

Systematic description.______._____-_---____-

Venericardia uvaldana- _________ ___________

Bibliography.____________________________________

Index.____________-_---_______-_-_-_--___-_-----

Page

165

165

169

169

169

169

170

170

185

185

186

186

187

195

ILLUSTRATIONS

PLATE 31. Fossils from the Avent and McRae wells in Mississippi, and a new Venericardia from Uvalde County, Tex.

32. Fossils from the Avent well in Mississippi-_________________________________________________________

33. Fossils from the Avent well in Mississippi--_______-________-__..---__------_--_--_-----__---_-------

Page 

190 

192 

194

n
NEW UPPER CRETACEOUS FOSSILS FROM MISSISSIPPI AND TEXAS

By LLOYD WILLIAM STEPHENSQN

ABSTRACT

In Part 1 macrofossils of Upper Cretaceous age found in core 

samples from two deep wells in Mississippi, one in Hinds County 

and the other in Grenada County, are described. Two cores 

taken from depths of 3,931 to 3,937 feet and 3,970 to 3,980 feet 

in McRae No. 1 well in Hinds County yielded previously unclescribed molluscan species as follows: Vetoarca hindsana (n. 

gen. and n. sp.), Postligata monroei, Anomia microlirae, Venericardia sitMerrea, and Odostomia mcraei. One core from depths 

of 2,730 to 2,750 feet in Avent No. 1 well in Grenada County 

yielded the following new molluscan species: Nucula nulla, 

PostMgata aventi, Trigonarca munda, Anomia, aoutilinearis, 

Crassatella subterrestris, Cardmm (Trachycardium) grenadense, 

Fulpia! subtrigona, Tellina harrelJi, Spisula fire-iris, Caryocorbula mississippiatid, Caryocorfrula, morsel, Nerita nodosa, Nerita 

denticulata, MelaneUa (Eulimaf) parva, Twritella toleri, Turritella magnolia-no,, "CeritJiium" imlayi, Ptignelhis calcaris, and 

Paladmete caveola. One previously described species, Hamulus 

onyx Morton (a worm tube), was identified in this well. In the

cores from both Veils poorly preserved specimens of several 

genera, which are specifically unidentified, were obtained. TJie 

paleontologic evidence is interpreted to indicate the early Taylor 

(=early Dernopolis) age of the two cores from the McRae well 

in Hinds County, and the late Austin (=Eutaw) age of the 

core from the Avent well in Grenada County.

In Part 2 a new bivalve species, Venericardia uvaldatia, fro"^ 

the lower part of the Anacacho limestone of Uvalde County, 

Tex., is described. It is closely related to the species, V. sitbterrea Stephenson, from core samples at depths of 3,931 to 3,937 

feet and 3,970 to 3,980 feet in the oil-prospecting well, McRae 

No. 1, in Hinds County, Miss. Because of the close biologic relationship of the two species and considering the rarity of the 

genus Venericardia in the American Cretaceous, the evidence 

is believed to favor the approximate synchroneity of the bed 

containing V. uvaMcina in Uvalde County with the beds containing V. sitbterrea in Hinds County.

PART 1. FOSSILS PROM TWO DEEP WELLS IN MISSISSIPPI

INTRODUCTION

Upper Cretaceous fossils from two deep wells in 

Hinds and Grenada Counties, Miss., have been submitted to me for identification and study. They are 

chiefly mollusks and are in part well-preserved. Preliminary lists of the recognizable forms have been prepared and submitted, through the Geological Survey, 

to the persons who furnished the materials. The fossils are from core samples and are of particular interest 

because most of them belong to undescribed species; 

all but one of the species are referred to previously, 

described genera, some of them, however, provisionally 

or questionably. One new genus is described. The 

assemblage from each well appears to be a heretofore 

unrecorded facies fauna. Most geologists interested in 

the subsurface geology of Mississippi have regarded 

the fossil-bearing cores from the well in Grenada 

County as of the age of the upper part of the Eutaw 

formation of the eastern Gulf region and the upper 

part of the Austin chalk of Texas, and the paleontologic 

evidence here presented tends to confirm that correlation. There has been less certainty about the age of 

the fossil-bearing cores from the well in Hinds County, 

but paleontologic evidence is now available which suggests that they correspond in age to the lower part of

the Taylor marl of central Texas and to the lower 

part of the Anacacho limestone of Uvalde County, Tex. 

The cores from these two wells demonstrate the possibilities afforded by core samples for obtaining identifiable macrofossils and suggest that a great amount of 

valuable stratigraphic data has been and is being overlooked and lost because of failure to have core samples 

studied by qualified paleontologists. Many micropaleontologists are on the company pay rolls, but only rarely 

have the services of specialists in macrofossils been used 

by the companies in subsurface investigations.

McRAE NO. 1 WELL IN HINDS COUNTY

LOCATION AND OTHER PERTINENT DATA

The well in Hinds County is known as Baker, Ridgway, et al., McKae No. 1 and is located in SE^SW^- 

NWi/4 sec, 24, T. 7 N., K. 1 W., about 10 miles nortrnorthwest of the center of Jackson. The elevation 

above sea level at the mouth of the well is recorded r.s 

319 feet (plane-table determination). Drilling wrs 

begun on November 9,1933, and the well was completed 

December 28, 1933, at a total depth of 3,981 feet. It 

has been abandoned as a nonproducer. Sedimentary 

rocks of Tertiary age were penetrated to a depth of 

3,456 feet, where the first rock of Cretaceous age was encountered. The latter, generally known as the gas rocl~,

161
162 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

is considered by the company geologists to be of the age 

of the Navarro group of Texas.

Core samples were taken in the lower part of the 

hole as follows: 3,360-3,364 feet; 3,441-3,446 feet; 

3,484 feet (four cores, presumably meaning that four 

core samples were taken between depths of 3,484 and 

3,884 feet); 3,884-3,892 feet; and 3,909-3,981 feet. The 

fossiliferous core samples submitted for study were labeled as coming from depths of 3,931 to 3,937 feet and 

3,970 to 3,980 feet; the diameter of each of these samples 

was about 1% inches.

The core taken at a depth of 3,884 to 3,892 feet was 

logged by the driller as chalk; presumably this is the 

basal bed of the Selma chalk, as that unit is generally 

interpreted in this part of the Gulf region by the company geologists and the drillers. The cores taken between depths of 3,909 feet and the bottom of the hole 

at 3,981 feet were logged as "packed sand," and the two 

fossiliferous cores fall within the limits of this so-called 

packed sand. The fossiliferous materials were submitted to the United States Geological Survey by Mr. 

George C. Swearingen, State Oil and Gas Supervisor, 

of Jackson, Miss., in January 1934, through Mr. Watson H. Monroe, of the Federal Survey.

FOSSILIFEROUS CORES

The fossiliferous core taken between depths of 3,931 

and 3,937 feet is a water-laid, tuffaceous, calcareous rock 

of only moderate hardness and is essentially similar in 

its lithology to the more richly fossiliferous core at 

the lower depth. It yielded the following bivalve fossils (U. S. G. S. 18883) : Vetoarca hindsana, Postligata 

nwnroei, Venericardia subterrea, and Tenea? sp. All 

these species are present also in the core from the lower 

depth (3,970-3,980 feet).

The core that yielded the greater number of the fossils was taken between depths of 3,970 and 3,980 feet. 

This rock is a heterogeneous aggregate of volcanic rock 

grains, some sharply angular, some rounded in greater 

or less degree. Scattered through the rock are occasional well-rounded pebbles of altered igneous rock, 

the largest one measured being 13 mm. long. The rock 

is calcareous, as evidenced by its active effervescence in 

cold hydrochloric acid. A piece of the core was examined by Dr. C. S. Koss, of the Geological Survey, who 

describes it as follows:

Composed largely of igneous rock and mineral grains. The 

rock grains are in part andesitic in character, but in general 

they are characterized by a very flne-grained or glassy groundmass, now completely replaced by secondary minerals. Many 

of them are markedly vesicular, being characterized by abundant 

rounded gas bubbles. The rock is marked by a larger proportion 

of ferromagnesian minerals than the Grenada specimen. The 

indeterminable character of the groundmass and the thorough 

alteration make the original character of the rock somewhat 

doubtful, but it seems to have been andesitic and phonolitic 

materials. The volcanic mineral grains are especially abundant 

and comprise sodic amphiboles, brown hornblende, biotite,

sphene, and potassic feldspar. Amphiboles have been partly or 

completely replaced by calcite, and brown hornblende has been 

partly replaced. All mineral grains are surrounded by rims of 

a clay mineral, probably a high iron saponite. A little glauconite 

is present, but quartz and others of the common detrital minerals are almost absent.

LIST OF FOSSILS

Fossils were obtained from the lower core as listed 

below (U. S. G. S. 18884) :

Fossils from core sample from depth 3,9110-3,980 feet, McRae 

No. 1 well

Animalia:

Coelenterata:

Fragment of madreporariaii coral, indeterminate. 

Echinodermata:

Fragments of small unidentified crinoid stems. 

Molluscoidea:

Two fragments of a bryozoan of the order Cheilostomata (identified by Dr. R. S. Bassler). 

Mollusca:

Pelecypoda:

Barbatia? sp. 

Vetoarca hindsana n. sp. 

Postligata monroei n. sp. 

Inoceramus sp. 

Anomia microlirae n. sp. 

Venericardia subterrea n. sp. 

Tenea? sp. 

Gastropoda:

Turritella sp. 

"Cerithium" sp. 

Odostomia mcraei n. sp. 

Plantae:

Hollow stems believed to belong to a species of marine algae.

CORRELATION

The fact that the identifiable species in the cores from 

the two depths, as just recorded, are all new detracts 

from their value in determining the age of the cofes with 

respect to better-known sections elsewhere. However, 

two of the forms listed appear to possess some correlative value. Inoceranvus sp. belongs to a form of the 

.genus that is not found in beds older than the upper 

part of the Austin chalk but ranges into higher beds as, 

for example, the Taylor marl and its age equivalents. 

Venericardia subterrea is a close analog of V. uvaldana 

Stephenson, a new species from Uvalde- County, Tex., 

described in Part 2 of this report (p. 185). These two 

forms, though closely related, appear to differ from 

each other sufficiently to justify their specific separation. 

V. uvaldana is from the Anacacho limestone, probably 

a basal bed of that formation.

The Auacacho limestone is of Taylor age but has not 

been determined to represent all the Taylor of central Texas. So far as it goes the paieontologic evidence 

seems to favor the early Taylor age (=e^.rly Demopolis 

age) of the two fossil-bearing cores in the'McB-ae well, 

but the evidence is admittedly meager, ruice the stratigraphic range of Venericardia subterrea is not known.
NEW UPPER CRETACEOUS FOSSILS FROM MISSISSIPPI AND TEXAS 163

If the differences noted between F. subterrea and F. 

uvcddana (p. 187) represent evolutionary changes in 

time rather than provincial differences, then the two 

species would differ somewhat, although probably not 

greatly, in age.

Although the fossiliferous core samples from the McRae well resemble those from the Avent well in Grenada 

County both in lithologic character and in origin, no 

fossil species are common to the two wells. The paleontologic evidence would seem to indicate that they arc 

not of exactly the same age. Water-laid volcanic rocks 

resembling one another but differing in age are wellknown in the western Gulf region.

In addition to the fossils from the McEae No. 1 well 

described in this paper, one species of Foraminifera, 

Pseudorbitoides israehki Vaughan and Cole, represented by numerous individuals, has been recorded by 

Vaughan and Cole (1943, p. 98) from a slightly shallower position, depth 3,909-3,922 feet in the same well. 

The material was submitted for identification by Mr. 

W. H. Monroe in 1942. Apparently this material also 

came from the so-called packed sand of the drillers. 

Data on the occurrence of the same species in the lower 

part of the Taylor marl in a well in Louisiana, in the 

lower part of the Anacacho limestone in wells in Zavalla 

and Uvalde Counties, Tex., at the surface in Kinney 

County, Tex., and at an equivalent stratigraphic position at the surface in southern Peten, Guatamala, are 

given by Vaughan and Cole in an earlier paper (1932, 

pp. 615, 616).

AVENT NO. 1 WELL IN GRENADA COUNTY 

LOCATION AND OTHER PERTINENT DATA

The well in Grenada County was drilled by the Adams 

Oil & Gas Co. and is known as Avent No. 1. It is located 

in the center of NE^NE^NW^ sec. 26, T. 22 N., R. 4 

E., about 2 miles southwest of Grenada. The elevation 

at the mouth of the well is reported to be 304 feet above 

sea level. The well was completed and abandoned as 

a nonproducer December 7, 1942, at a total depth of 

4,031 feet. No complete log of the well is available, but 

the geologists of several of the oil companies agree in 

placing the Cretaceous-Tertiary contact at a depth of 

1,840 feet. The companies do not agree as to the exact 

depth at which the top of the Eutaw formation was 

encountered, but most of them agree within a range of 

5 feet, placing the Eutaw-Selma contact between depths 

of 2,725 and 2,730 feet, and at least one company places 

this contact as deep as 2,740 feet.

FOSSILIFEROITS CORES

The core samples that yielded the fossils listed and 

described in this paper were 2% inches in diameter and 

were labeled as coming from between depths of 2,730 

and 2,750 feet, but their exact position within this range

of 20 feet was not indicated. The piece of core (No. 

5) from which more than half of the fossils were ol - 

tained (U. S. G. S. 18894) was presented to the United 

States Geological Survey by Mr. David Harrell, district geologist of the Carter Oil Co. through Dr. Ralph 

W. Imlay, geologist of the Federal Survey. This core 

sample was 8 or 9 inches long and consisted of water-laid 

and more or less water-worn fragments of volcanic rocV} 

including scattered smoothly worn igneous pebbles up 

to half an inch or more in diameter, considerable glauconite, and many shells and fragments of shells. Mo^t 

of the shells and fragments are water-worn in greater or 

less degree, though a goodly number were not seriously 

damaged, and a few are nearly perfect. A small samplpof this rock was examined by Dr. C. S. Ross, who describes it as follows:

Composed dorninantly of well-rounded volcanic rock fragments up to 5 millimeters in diameter. These are in general 

andesitie in character, but others are probably phonolites. The 

feldspar is nearly fresh, but sparse ferromagnesian minerals 

are altered to calcite. A few feldspar grains which represent 

votcanic rock phenocrysts are present, but ferromagnesian mineral grains'are sparse or absent. Glauconite .is abundant.

Irregularly distributed through the rock and oft€,n 

closely associated with the shells are stringers, sheets, 

and patches of secondary calcite, which in certain spots 

has been replaced by silica to form a pale bluish-gray 

variety of chalcedony; the calcite may commonly be 

seen coating the exterior or filling the interior cavities 

of the shells.

A second piece of this core (depth 2,730-2,750 feet) 

4 or 5 inches long was presented by Mr. Frederic F. 

Mellen through Mr. W. H. Monroe, geologist of the 

Federal Survey (U. S. G. S. 18930). Though not ro 

prolific as the preceding samples, it nevertheless yielded 

a goodly number of fossils. LitholOgically it is essentially like the first sample; one smoothly rounded igneous pebble, which was cut away at one end by the cor^ 

barrel, was originally more than an inch in length.

LIST OF FOSSILS

The list of fossils given below includes those obtained 

from both the core samples just described (U. S. G. S. 

-18894,18930).

Fossils from core samples from depth 2,730-2,750 feet, 

Avent well No. 1

Annelida:

Serpula sp.

Hamulus onyx Morton. 

Molluscoidea:

Membranipora sp. 

Mollusca:

Pelecypoda:

Nucula nulla n. sp. 

Barbatia? sp. 

Breviarca sp. 

Postligata aventi n. sp. 

Trigonarca munda n. sp
164 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Fossils from core samples from depth 2,730-2,750 feet, 

Avent well No. 1—Continued

Mollusca—.Continued.

Pelecypoda—Continued.

Pteria? sp.

Inoceramus sp.

Ostrea sp.

Exogyra? sp.

Pecten (Camptonectes) sp.

Anomia acutilinearis n. sp.

Volsella sp.

Etea? sp.

Crassatella subterrestris n. sp.

Cardium (Trachycardium) grenadense n. sp.

Fulpia? subtrigona n. sp.

Aphrodina sp.

Tellina harrelli n. sp.

Tellina? sp. a.

Tellina? sp. 6.

Tellina? sp. c.

Linearia sp.

Protodonax sp.

Spisula brevis n. sp.

Caryocorbula mississippiana n. sp.

Caryocorbula morsel n. sp.

Caryocorbula sp. a^

Caryocorbula sp. b.

Caryocorbula sp. c.

Coryocorbula sp. d. 

Scaphopoda:

Dentaliurn sp. 

Gastropoda:

Nerita nodosa n. sp.

Nerita denticulata n. sp.

Melanella (Eulima?) parva n. sp.

Natica sp.

Natica? sp.

Turritella toleri n. sp.

Turritella magnoliana n. sp.

"Cerithium" imlayi n. sp.

"Cerithium" sp. a.

"Cerithium" sp. b.

Pugnellus calcaris n. sp.

Hercorhyncus ? sp.

Paladmete caveola n. sp.

Paladmete? sp.

"Fusinus" sp.

COBBELATION

Only one of the species obtained from the Avent cores, 

the marine worm Hamulus onyx Morton, is referred to 

a previously described species. It has a long range in 

the Upper Cretaceous series but has not been recorded 

from beds older than the upper part of the Austin chalk 

of that series. Nineteen new species of mollusks are 

described, including 11 pelecypods and 8 gastropods. 

About 25 genera of mollusks are too poorly preserved 

to justify giving them specific names. Most of them 

probably belong to .undescribed species.

Certain of the forms listed suggest a close age relationship of the Avent cores to fossiliferous water-laid 

volcanic rock appearing at the surface in a small outcrop on the west flank of Prothro salt dome in NE1^ sec. 

18 and SE^ sec. 7, T. 14 N., R, 6 W.5 4 miles northwest

of Saline, Bienville Parish, La. (See Spooner, 1926, 

pp. 245-252.) The fossils from this locality have had 

their shell substance replaced by crystalline calcite, 

which causes them to break and crumble readily along 

cleavage planes. It is therefore difficult to compare 

them critically with fossils from the Avent well. One 

of the forms from the Avent well is Inoceramm sp. (pi. 

32, fig. 37), which is closely analogous to several specimens from the Prothro dome locality; another is Cardftum (Tr achy car diiim} grenadense (pi. 32, figs. 34- 

36) , also closely analogous to a species there ; and several poorly preserved specimens of Pugnellus from Prothro dome, though perhaps not specifically identical, 

certainly represent a species that is a close analog of 

Pugnellus calcaris (pi. 33, figs. 25-32).

The specimen of Inoceramus to which reference was 

made above is a close analog also of a form of the genus 

found in a hard calcareous, concretionary sandstone at 

the top of the Tokio formation a mile north of Ben 

Lomond, Sevier County, Ark. (Dane, 1929, p. 41, pi. 

8, fig. 1) . Both the fossiliferous. rock p,t this locality 

and that at the Prothro dome locality he.ve been correlated with the Blossom sand of northeastern Texas, 

which in turn is correlated with the upper part of the 

Austin chalk (Dane, 1929, p. 42; Riisroll, 1941, pp. 

32-34) .

It would appear, therefore, from the paleontologic 

evidence that the fossiliferous cores from the Avent 

well are of the age of the upper part of the Austin 

chalk. There has been general agreement among the 

company geologists that the Avent core? are of Eutaw 

age. The larger fossils do not at present afford a direct 

paleontologic tie with the Eutaw formation in outcrops, 

but the upper part of the Eutaw (Tombigbee sand 

member) has been shown to be of upper Austin age on 

satisfactory paleontologic grounds (Stephenson and 

Monroe, 1940, pp. 69, 242) .

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS 

FOSSILS FKOM THE McRAE

Kingdom ANIMALIA

Phylum COELENTEEATA

Subphylum CNIDAEIA

Class ANTHOZOA 

Subclass HEXACOEALLA 

Order MADEEPOEAEIA^

The Coelenterata are represented in the McRae No. 1 

well by one small water-worn fragment of a proportionately rather tall madreporarian cc^al. Prior to 

fossilization it was first subjected to wear on a beach, 

which destroyed the external features, g.nd it was subsequently broken, revealing the irregular features of 

the narrow columella and the arrangement of the tuber-
NEW UPPER CRETACEOUS FOSSILS FROM MISSISSIPPI AND TEXAS 165

cles on the side of one septum (pi. 31, fig. IT). The 

specimen is too incomplete for generic or specific 

assignment. The height of the fragment is 6.5 mm.

Occurrence: McRae No. 1 well, Hinds County, depth 

3,970-3,980 feet. U. S. N. M. 103984 (U. S. G. S. 

18884).

Phylum ECHINODERMATA

Subphylum PELMATOZOA 

Class CRINOIDEA

The core sample yielded several fragments of the 

columns of an unclassified crinoid (pi. 31, figs. 18, 19), 

concerning which Dr. Edwin Kirk, of the Geological 

Survey, says:

These fragments of columns are not referable to any known 

genus. They are circular in section, with a circular lumen. 

The diameter of an average columnal is 1 mm. and its height, 

0.17 mm. The side faces are somewhat convex. The joint face 

is plane and is traversed by strong radiating ridges, so'me of 

which increase by dichotomy toward the periphery. There seem 

to be about 20 primary ridges. Externally tre suture line is 

somewhat depressed and is marked by a series of sharply incised pits, separated by short vertical ridges. This gives the 

column a very unusual and characteristic ornamentation.

Occurrence: McRae No. 1 well, Hinds County, depth 

3,970-3,980 feet, U. S. N. M. 103985 and 103986 

(U. S, G. S. 18884).

Phylum MOLLUSCOIDEA

Class BRYOZOA 

Order CHEILOSTOMATA

The core yielded two fragments of a hollow cylindrical bryozoan (pi. 31, figs. 20, 21), which, according 

to Dr. R. S. Bassler, belongs to the order Cheilostomata, 

but of a type unknown to him. One of the fragments 

has a diameter of 3.2 mm. and a length of 5 mm. The 

wall as seen at the broken end is about 0.5 mm. thick 

and encloses a matrix of crystalline calcite; at the other 

end of the fragment the walls dome over and seal the 

interior space. The other fragment, which affords a 

view of the inner surface of the wall, reveals some of 

the structural details of the organism.

Occurrence: McRae No. 1 well, Hinds"County, depth 

3,970-3,980 feet. U. S. N. M. 103987 (U. S. G. S. 

18884).

Phylum MOLLUSCA 

Class PELECYPODA 

Family ARCIDAE 

Genus BARBATIA Gray, 1840

Barbatia? sp. 

Plate 31, figure 22

One juvenile Barbatia-like, shell, a left valve, is elongated in outline, moderately inflated, has a well-developed, round-crested umbonal ridge, and is ornamented 

all over with rather subdued radial costae, coarsest on 

the dorsal slopes. A broad, shallow depression extends 

from the beak to the ventral margin. The dentition is 

like that of Barbatia with the subumbonal teeth smrll 

and vertical, and the teeth away from the umbo becoming successively more oblique to nearly horizontal 

at the ends. The shell measures: Length 4 mm., heigH 

2 mm., convexity about 0.8 mm.

Occurrence: McRae No. 1 well, Hinds County, depth 

3,970-3,980 feet. U. S. N. M. 103988 (U. S. G. S. 18884).

Genus VETOARCA Stephenson, n. gen.

Type species: Vetoarca Mndsana Stephenson. 

Etymology: Latin vetus, ancient; Area, a bivalve molluscrn 

genus.

This new genus is characterized by its small size, its 

small trigonal ligamental pit, wlrich appears to H 

alivincular, the subcentral position of the beaks with 

respect to the hinge, the slightly raised platforms supporting the adductor muscles, and the strongly ribbed 

inner surface. The genus appears,to be related to 

Trigonarca Conrad, the adductor scars of which occupy 

similar but more pronounced raised platforms, the 

inner surface of which is marked by short radial riH 

in a band near the pallial line, and the beak of which 

is opisthogyrate. The type species of Trigonarca, T. 

nuiconensis Conrad, is very large, has a very large 

multivincular ligamental area, and has its beak situate'! 

well back of the center of the area and hinge.

Vetoarca hindsana Stephenson, n. sp.

Plate 31, figures 23-26

Shell small, subtrigonal in outline, strongly convex, 

slightly inequilateral, equivalve. Beaks prominent, ircurved, slightly opisthogyrate, not closely approximate, 

situated about 0.45 the length of the shell from tie 

anterior extremity. Greatest inflation near the midlength, well above the midheight. Umbonal ridge 

prominent but well-rounded on the crest. Antero- and 

posterodorsal slopes steep. The posterior slope of each 

valve is divided by a radial swell which reaches tte 

posterior margin near its midlength, producing a marginal, wide-obtuse, subangulation. Between this swell 

and the umbonal ridge is a shallow radial depression. 

Surface smooth with the exception of fine growth lines. 

Anterodorsal margin broadly arched; anterior margin 

rather sharply rounded; ventral margin broad! ~ 

rounded; posterior margin sharply rounded below, subtruncated and inclined forward above, Founding into 

the dorsal margin.

Dimensions of the holotype, a left valve: Length 10.8 

mm., height 8.4 mm., convexity 3.5 mm. The largest 

paratype, also a left valve, is 11.4 mm. long.

The ligament is set in a small sunken triangular pit 

below the beak; it appears to be alivincular but is a little
166 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

longer posteriorly than anteriorly; the base of the triangle next to the hinge is a little longer than either of 

the other two sides. The hinge is narrow, of nearly 

uniform width from end to end, and somewhat arched 

in trend. The short, transverse, somewhat irregular 

teeth may form a continuous row, as in the holotype, 

or the continuity may be broken by a short toothless 

gap at the center; away from the center the teeth become 

a little oblique, and some of them may be angulated in 

trend. The adductor scars are subequal in size and occupy a high position in the shell; each scar occupies a 

slightly raised platform which extends from the scar 

radially back toward the umbonal region. Pallial line 

simple. The inner surface of the shell between the 

adductor scars is covered with about 16 pairs of narrow, 

sharply defined, radial ribs which extend from the 

inner umbonal region to the pallial line, where each 

pair ends in a sort of "tack-puller" fork; on the holotype 

and on some of the paratypes these ribs are somewhat 

obscured in part by a coating of secondary calcite and 

in part by corrosion; they are best seen in the paratype 

shown in plate 31, figure 24. The inner margin is 

smooth.

The shells of this species are present in great numbers 

in the core sample from a depth of 3,970 to 3,980 feet, 

many of the specimens being young individuals. The 

holotype is larger than average but is exceeded in length 

by the specimen shown in plate 31, figure 23.

Types: Holotype, a left valve, U. S. N. M. 103989; 2 

figured paratypes, left valves, U. S. N. M. 103990; 71 

selected unfigured paratypes, left valves, and 55 selected 

unfigured paratypes, right valves, U. S. N. M. 103991.

Occurrence: McBae No. 1 well, depths 3,931-3,937 

feet (U. S. N. M. 103993; U. S. G. S. 18883) and 3,970- 

3,980 feet (U. S. G. S. 18884, type lot).

Genus POSTLIGATA Gardner, 1916 

Postligata monroei Stephenson, n. sp.

Plate 31, figures 27-29

Shell small, subovate in outline, slightly inflated, a 

little compressed anteriorly, slightly inequilateral, equivalve. Beaks of moderate prominence, incurved, prosogyrate, separated slightly, situated a little in advance 

of the midlength. Greatest inflation near the midlength, well above the midheight. Surface smooth. 

Anterodorsal margin nearly straight, descending; posterodorsal margin broadly arched, descending; anterior 

and posterior margins rather sharply rounded; ventral 

margin broadly and regularly rounded. Lunule and 

escutcheon wanting.

• Dimensions of the holotype, a complete shell: Length 

6.8 mm., height 5.9 mm., thickness 3.1 mm.

Xagament opisthodetic, rather long, set in at least 

2 grooves, which are oblique to the dorsal margin backward and slightly downward. Hinge taxodont, relatively thick, with teeth in 2 series scarcely separated; 

the anterior series is the shorter, with 5 or 6 relatively 

strong tr-ansverse teeth, and is gently concave upward in 

trend; the posterior series is long and gently arched upward in trend with 15 or 16 teeth, which are small, short, 

and closely spaced in the anterior half of the series and 

stronger, longer, and more widely spaced in the posterior 

half. The inner surface of the shell is only partly 

uncovered in one of the paratypes; it appears to be 

smooth, and the pallial line is obscure. The inner margin is smooth.

Compared with the nearly circular genotype, Postligata wordeni Gardner (1916, pp. 543, 544, pi. 21, figs. 

7-9) from the Monmouth formation of Maryland, the 

outline of n^onroei is more elongated, and the beaks are 

more prominent and a little farther forward. Postligata greenensis (Stephenson), from the Snow Hill 

marl member of the Black Creek formation of the Carolinas (Stephenson, 1923, p. 107, pi. 18, figs. 9, 10) is 

more broadly subovate, more oblique in outline, has mmprominent beaks, and is more compressed. Postligata 

schalki Stephenson from Georges Bank, Atlantic Ocean 

(1936, p. 374, pi. 1, fig. 8), is more compressed and is 

more oblique in the posteroventral direction. Postligata cre-nata Wade, from the Coon Creek tongue of the 

Ripley formation, McNairy County, Tenn. (1926, p. 48, 

pi. 11, figs. 3, 6), is more compressed, is more nearly circular in outline, has less prominent beakf, and is crenulated on the inner margin.

The species is named in honor of Mr. W. H. Monroe, 

geologist, U. S, Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.

Types: Holotype, U.-S: N. M. 103992; one paratype, 

a right valve, figured, U. S. N. M. 1039P4; five unfigured paratypes, including one adult left valve and four 

juvenile shells; of the latter, one is a complete shell and 

three are left valves, U. S. N. M. 103995.

Occurrence: McRae well No. 1, Hinds County, depths 

3,93.1-3,937 feet (U. S. G. S. 18883; U. S. N. M. 103996) 

and 3,970-3,980 feet (U. S. G. S. 18884, type lot).

Family PEDALIONIDAE 

Genus INOCERAMUS J. Sowerby, 1814

Inoceramus sp. 

Plate 31, figure 30

The genus Inoceramus Sowerby is represented by one 

small, incomplete right valve, consisting of the internal 

mold partly covered with shell. The specimen happened to lie in a position such that the descending core 

barrel cut off the posterior and ventral parts of the 

shell in a strip several millimeters wide. The shell is 

of moderate convexity, fullest in front, and is broadly 

subovate in outline with the long axis lying parallel to 

the hinge line. The beak is small and nonprominent 

and is situated a few millimeters back of the anterior 

end. The surface ;LS covered with low, narrow, broadly
NEW UPPER CRETACEOUS FOSSILS FROM MISSISSIPPI AND TEXAS 167

round-crested, concentric ridges separated by shallow, 

slightly broader interspaces. The anterior margin is 

subtruncated, the ventral margin broadly rounded, the 

posterior margin shorter and more evenly rounded than 

the anterior margin, and the dorsal margin nearly 

straight.

Dimensions: Length 19 + mm., height 18+ mm., convexity about 8 mm.

Although this shell is specifically indeterminate in 

our present somewhat confused state of knowledge of 

this generic group, its form is that of shells not older 

than the Austin chalk of Texas and probably not older 

than the Taylor marl.

Occurrence: McRae No. 1 well, Hinds County, depth 

3,970-3,980 feet. U. S. N. M. 103997 (U. S. G. S. 

18884).

Family ANOMIIDAE

Genus ANOMIA (Linne") Miiller, 1758, 1776 

Anomia microlirae Stephenson, n. sp.

Plate 31, figures 31-33

Shell small, thin, inequivalve, irregular in outline 

and form, but in general subcircular to broadly subovate in outline; the individuals vary in form from 

Saltish to strongly convex depending on the form of 

the object to which the right valve was attached. Beak 

of left valve small, direct, node-like, situated centrally 

with respect to length of shell and about half a millimeter back from the dorsal margin. Surface covered 

with closely spaced radiating, almost microscopic lirae, 

which are delicately wavy in trend. Growth lines fine 

with an occasional stronger lamina. Resilifer a narrow, elongated, internal amphidetic pit situated well 

below the dorsal margin.

Dimensions of the holotype: Length 5.6 mm., height 

4.6 mm., convexity 2.3 mm.

This species differs from Anomia acutilinearis (p. 

174) in having fine radiating lirae and weaker, finerdeveloped concentric markings.

Types: Holotype, IT. S. N. M. 103998; six unfigured 

paratypes, U. S. N. M. 103999.

Occurrence: McRae well No. 1, Hinds County, depth 

3,970-3,980 feet (U. S. G. S. 18884).

Order TELEODESMACEA

Family CARDITIDAE 

Genus VENERICARDIA Lamarck, 1801

Type species: Venericardia imbricata (Gmelin) (=Venus imr 

bricata Gmelin), from the Eocene of the Paris Basin, France.

In its relatively small size, rounded outline, numerous 

noded ribs, and small subumboiial lunule, the species 

Venzricardia subterrea (described on this page), closely resembles the genotype, Veiiericardia imJbrwata 

(Gmelin), from the Eocene of the Paris Basin. As is to 

be expected there are differences between the two species,

732303—47———2

among which may be mentioned the narrower hinge 

plate and more oblique cardinal teeth, the snmller lunule, 

and the sharper and \more pronounced ribs and nodes of 

V. imbricata. However, the features that characterize 

the genotype, though differing in strength of development, seem all to be present in V. subterrea, and the 

close genetic relationship between the two species see^ns 

indisputable.

Venericardia subterrea Stephenson, n. sp.

Plate 31, figures 34-37

Shell of medium size and submedium convexity, subcircular in outline, slightly inequilateral, equivalTTe. 

Beaks prominent, incurved, prosogyrate, approximate, 

situated slightly forward of the midlength. Greatest 

convexity about midway of the length, well above the 

midheight, from which place the surface rounds broadly 

down to the front, rear, and ventral margins, and steeply 

down to the dorsal margin. Lunule short, deeply impressed, vertically descending, delimited by a deeply 

incised groove, V-shaped in cross section. Escutcheon 

wanting. Surface ornamented all over with about 31 

radiating ribs of medium strength, broadly curved in 

trend; these ribs appear to have been worn somewhat 

before fossilization, are coarsest on the anterior skvne, 

and become progressively narrower and weaker towr.rd 

the rear; the interspaces are narrower than the ribs. 

The crests of the ribs are broken into squarish and rectangular nodes by concentric grooves which are l°-ss 

deeply incised than the spaces between the ribs.

Dimensions of the holotype, a left valve: Length 20 

mm., height 20.4 mm., convexity 6.3 mm.

Ligamental groove long, narrow, deeply incised, 

broadly arched in trend. Nymph narrow and deeply 

submerged. Hinge heavy. Two cardinal teeth in l°.ft 

valve, the anterior one of medium thickness, trending 

downward and a little backward, the posterior one 

prominent, long, narrow, broadly arched in trend; a 

deep, oblique, elongate, trigonal socket of medium width 

separates the two cardinals; a very narrow, shallow 

socket lies in front of the anterior tooth. The sides of 

the cardinals are finely striated in the direction of movement. A small protuberance lies on the hinge plate 

just in front of the distal end of the groove delimiting 

the lunule. The right hinge as seen in a fragment of 

one young shell presents a thick, long, oblique, slightly 

arched, trigonal cardinal, bordered behind by a long, 

narrow, broadly arched socket and in front by a short, 

trigonal socket; in front of the latter is a feeble, almost 

obsolete anterior cardinal; back of the posterior socket 

arid closely bordering the nymph is a narrow, relatively 

weak, oblique, slightly arched posterior cardinal. A 

small depression on the hinge plate just below the dirtal 

end of the groove delimiting the lunule receives the 

corresponding protuberance on the left valve. Adductor scars subequal, the anterior scar subovate, the
168 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

posterior one sub-trigonal. Pallial line simple. Inner 

margin cremate, each indentation lying immediately below the end of a rib.

In general form, outline, and pattern of ornamentation this species is similar to Venericardla uvaldana 

(p. 186), but the shell is not so strongly convex, the ribs 

are much less sharp and prominent, the lunule is 

markedly more deeply impressed, and the anterior cardinal tooth is proportionately smaller and thinner. The 

number of ribs is essentially the same in the two species.

Types: Holotype, a left valve, U. S. N. M. 104001; 18 

mostly incomplete, in part fragmentary, paratypes, 

ranging in size from adult to very small, and including 

11 left valves (2 internal molds), 5 right valves (1 hinge 

figured), and 2 very small, complete individuals with 

both valves intact. The figured paratype bears the 

catalog number U. S. N. M. 104000, and the other 17 

paratypes U. S. N. M. 104002.

Occurrence: McRae No. 1 well, Hinds County; two 

examples from depth 3,931 to 3,937 feet (U. S. N. M. 

104003; U. S. G. S. 18883) ; type specimens from depth 

3,970 to 3,980 feet (U. S. G. S* 18884).

Family VENERIDAE

Genus TENEA Conrad, 1870

Tenea? sp.

Plate 31, figure 38

Two small specimens of a smooth pelecypocl, one a 

left and the other a right valve, have a form suggestive of that of the genus Tenea Conrad, but on both 

a closely adhering matrix of secondary calcite conceals 

the features of the hinge. The shell is smooth, subcircular in outline, of medium convexity, and the beak is of 

medium prominence.

Dimensions of the right valve: Length 2.3 mm., height 

2.4 mm., convexity about 0.4 mm.

Occurrence: McRae well No. 1, Hinds County, left 

valve, depth 3,931-3,937 feet (U. S. N. M. 104004; U. S. 

G. S. 18883) ; right valve depth 3,970-3,980 feet (U. S. 

N. M. 104005; U. S. G. S. 18884).

Class GASTROPODA

Family TURRITELLIDAE

Genus TURRITELLA Lamarck, 1799

Turritella sp.

Plate 31, figure 39

Two fragments of a small turreted gastropod, both 

incomplete at both ends, appear to be young shells of 

an unidentified species of Turritella- Lamarck. The 

larger specimen includes four whorls and part of a 

fifth whorl and measures: Height 5.7 mm., diameter 

at large end 2.4 mm. Spiral angle about 18°. Suture

closely appressed and sharply but not deeply impressed. 

Sides of whorls flattish to very gently convex. The 

body whorl bears about six obscure, narrow primary 

spirals, with very obscure secondaries in the interspaces. 

The upper edge of the growing whorl abuts against the 

lower side of the lowermost primary spiral, leaving it 

partly exposed just above the suture. ThQ- lowermost 

primary marks the periphery of the body whorl, below 

which the base is sharpy constricted, flattish, and bears 

numerous very fine, obscure spiral lirae. The spiral 

ornamentation becomes progressively more obscure on 

the sides of the younger whorls in the direction of the 

apex. Aperture apparently subtriangular. Outer lip 

partly broken away but apparently thin. Inner lip 

forming a thin callus over the parietal wall.

This shell probably belongs to the subgroup of Turntell a to which T. vertebroides Morton belongs.

Occurrence: McRae well No. 1, Hinds County, deptli 

3,970-3,980 feet, figured specimen (U. S. N. M. 104006; 

U. S. G. S. 18884); one example (U. S. N. M. 104007; 

U.S. G.S. 18884).

Family CERITHIIDAE

£enus CERITHIUM Bruguiere, 1788

"Cerithium" sp.

Plate 31, figure 40

Two whorls of a small turreted gastrcpod possess 

external ornamentation that suggests membership in 

the family Cerithiidae. In profile the side of each 

whorl is rather strongly constricted in a band below 

the upper suture and inflated below toward the lower 

suture. Four nodose spiral ribs are present, the lowermost one, which follows the crest of the inf ation, being 

the strongest; the second strongest rib closely parallels 

the upper suture, and intermediate between the two 

strong ribs are two weaker ribs, the upper one of which 

is the smaller. The periphery of the boiy whorl is 

obtusely subangular, the base is constricted and bears 

only obscure traces of spiral lirae. The anterior end 

of the aperture bears a short, twisted siphcnal channel, 

which was broken away and lost during preparation.

Dimensions of the fragment: Height 3 +mm., diameter 2.5 mm.

Occurrence: McRae well No. 1, Hinds County, depth 

3,970-3,980 feet. U. S. N. M. 104008 (U. S. G. S. 18884).

Family PYRAMIDELLIDAE 

Genus ODOSTOMIA Jeffreys, 1839 

Odostomia mcraei Stephenson, n. sp

Plate 31, figures 41, 42

Shell small, smooth, with spire about twice as high 

as the aperture is long; spiral angle about 40°. Proto-
NEW UPPER CRETACEOUS FOSSILS FROM MISSISSIPPI AND TEXAS 169

conch somewhat worn but apparently a low, smooth, 

trochoid shell. Whorls 3% or 4, moderately and evenly 

convex on the side. Suture closely appressed, moderately impressed. Body whorl broadly rounded in 

profile from suture above to base. Through the semiopaque shell of the body whorl may be obscur'ely seen 

seven or eight spiral lirae, which apparently traverse the 

inner surface; closely adhering matrix prevents the observation of these lirae on the inner surface near the 

aperture. Aperture subovate, angular at the rear, 

sharply rounded at the front. Outer lip thin, broadly 

and regularly arched. The upper part of the inner lip 

forms a thin callus on the parietal wall; below, it forms 

a ridge of callus bordering a weak umbilical fissure.

Dimensions of the holotype: Height 3.2 mm., diameter 

1.8 mm.

The name of the species is derived from the family 

name McKae.

Type: Holotype, U. S. N. M. 104009. * Occurrence: McKae well No. 1, Hinds County, depth 

3,970-3,980 feet (U. S. G. S. 18884). A smaller, less 

perfect shell in the same collection is regarded as a questionable example of the species.

Kingdom PLANTAE 

Plate 31, figures 43-46

The plant kingdom is believed to be represented in one 

of the cores from the McEae well by 20 fragments of 

stems interpreted to belong to a species of marine algae. 

The stems are hollow cylinders and range in diameter 

from 0.9 mm. to 1.2 mm. The walls are a quarter of a 

millimeter or less in thickness, and the hollow interior 

is filled with a matrix mainly of crystalline calcite. The 

outer surface is densely stippled with tiny tubercles, 

each of which is perforated in the center. Tile inner 

surface also presents a stippled appearance. That the 

stems are in sections is indicated by the constrictions at 

the ends of several fragments, and joints connecting the 

end portions of sections appear on 2 short fragments. 

Some of the fragments are slightly constricted at both 

ends, and the terminal edges of their walls are rounded; 

these may be complete, short sections; one such section 

is 2.5 mm. long and 1.2 mm. in diameter. A freshly 

broken end of a tube shows transverse structural markings in the wall which seem to be connected with the 

stippling on the inner and outer surfaces of the tube; 

these may be filled pores.

Occurrence: McKae well No. 1, Hinds County, three 

figured specimens (U. S. N. M. 104010; U. S. G. S. 

18884); several unfigured fragments (U. S. N. M. 

104011; U. S. G. S. 18884).

FOSSILS FROM THE AVENT WELL

Kingdom ANIMALIA

Phylum ANNELIDA

Family SERPTILLDAE

Genus SEEPULA Linne, 1758

Serpula sp. 

Plate 31, figures 1, 2

Marine worms are represented in the fauna from the 

Avent core (depth 2,730-2,750 feet) by three fragments 

of irregular calcareous tubes that appear to belong to 

the genus Serpula, using that name in a broad sense. 

The smaller of the two better preserved fragments is 

9 mm. in length, 1.7 mm. in diameter at the small en d^ 

and 2 mm. in diameter at the large end (U. S. G. S. 

18930, U. S. N. M. 104012); in addition to the growth 

lines, which extend directly around the tube, this specimen bears three narrow longitudinal ribs grouped on 

one side, the middle one of which is irregular in height 

but in part prominent, and the other two of which are 

nonproniinent; obscure traces of several other longitudinal markings are present. The larger of these two 

fragments is 9.5 mm. in length, 3.1 mm. in diameter 

at the small end, and 3.8 mm. in diameter at the lar^e 

end (U. S. G. S. 18930, U. S. N. M. 104012) ; it bears 

four narrow longitudinal ribs, also grouped on one side, 

two of which are in part prominent and flangelike, and 

two nonproniinent and alternating in position with the 

other two; several obscure longitudinal markings are 

present. The tube wall is less than half a millimeter 

thick, and at the large end bevels from the inside outward to a thin edge, apparently indicating that this 

was the terminus of the tube at the time of the animal's 

death. The third fragment (U. S. G. S. 18894, U. S. 

N. M. 104013) is smaller and much less complete than 

the other two; it is 6.2 mm. long and bears a pair of 

narrow, fairly regular nonproniinent longitudinal ribs 

on one side.

Genus HAMULUS Morton, 1834

Hamulus onyx Morton

Plate 31, figures 3, 4

1834. Hamulus onyx Morton, Synopsis of the organic remains 

of the Cretaceous group of the United States, p. 73, 

pi. 2, fig. 8; pi. 16, fig. 5.

1905. Hamulus onyjc Morton. Johnson, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Proc., vol. 57, p. 4.

1916. Hamulus onyx Morton. Gardner, Maryland Geol. Survey, 

Upper Cretaceous (2 vols.), p. 747.

1921. Hamulus onyx Morton. Wade, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 

59, p. 43, pi. 9, figs. 1-3, 5, 6.
170 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

1923. Hamulm onyx Morton. Stephenson, North Carolina Geol. 

and Econ. Survey, vol. 5, p. 76, pi. 10, fig. 11.

1926. Havnulus onyx Morton. Stephenson, Alabama Geol. Survey, Special Kept. 14, p. 250, pi. 92, fig. 2.

1926. Hamulits onyx Morton. Wade, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 137, p. 30, pi. 2, figs. 4-7,12.

1929. Hamulus onyx Morton. Dane, Arkansas Geol. Survey Bull. 

1, p. 150, pi. 27, fig. 2.

1941. Hamulus onyx Morton. Stephenson, Texas Univ. Pub. 4101, 

p. 58, pi. 4, figs. 8, 9.

1943. Ham-uJus onyx Morton. Howell, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Proc., vol. 95, p. 150, pi. 19, figs. 1-12.

Several fragmentary tubes seem to be essentially like 

those of the species Hatnulus onyx Morton. One fragment, the large end of a medium-sized tube (pi. 31, fig. 

3), is attached at its smaller end to a small shell fragment ; in large suites of tubes of this species from the 

Upper Cretaceous of the Gulf region only a few have 

been found attached to extraneous objects. The fragments in the present fauna indicate curved tubes of 

about the average size, and the same degree of taper, 

as seen in typical tubes of onyx. Each tube is ornamented with six subangular to rounded, rather rugged 

longitudinal ribs of subequal size. The first fragment 

mentioned above is 10 mm. in length, 2 mm. in diameter 

at its incomplete small end, and 4.4 mm. in diameter 

at its large end measured on the outside of the ribs. A 

fragment of another tube, the large end of which is 

broken away, is 8.4 mm. in length, 1.3 mm. in diameter 

at the small end, and 3 mm. in diameter at the large end.

Types: Morton (1834, pp. 73, 74, pi. 2, fig. 8; pi. 16, 

fig. 5) in his original description figured two specimens 

(cotypes), one from Lynchs Creek, S. C., and one from 

Erie Bluff, Warrior River, Hale County, Ala. The former is lost, and the latter is presumed to be one of f our 

specimens in the collection of the Academy of Natural 

Sciences of Philadelphia (Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 

Nos. 2303, 14996, 14997, 14998). The one of the four 

nearest in appearance to Morton's figured specimen 

from Erie Bluff was figured by Stephenson (1923, pp. 

76-79, pi. 10, fig. 11), and all four of them were figured 

by Howell (1943, pp. 150-152, pi. 19, figs. 1-8). Howell 

designates the specimen shown in his figure 1 as holotype (meaning lectotype) and called the other three 

paratypes. As Morton did not designate a helotype, 

Howell is mistaken in referring to the Lynchs Creek 

specimen (his p. 140) as "Morton's holotype," and to 

the other three specimens as paratypes. In order to 

clear up the matter, I herewith designate as the lectotype of Hamulus onyx Morton the specimen from Erie 

figured by Howell as "holotype" (his pi. 19, fig. 1). This 

specimen appears to be the same as the one figured 

by Stephenson. (See reference in the synonymy.) 

Two plesiotypes, one, U. S. G.' S. 18894 (U. S. N. M. 

104014); the other, U. S. N. M. 104014a. Two unfigured 

fragments, U. S. N. M. 104015 (U. S. G. S. 18930).

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet. U. S. N. M. 104014,104015 (U. S. G. S. 

18894, 18930).

Hamulus? sp.

Plate 31, figures 5-7

A detached serpuloid operculum from one of the core 

samples (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104016) may 

have come from a tube of Hamulus. It does not agree in 

detail with the operculum of H. onyx Morton, as described and figured by Wade (1926, pp. 30, 31, pi. 2, 

figs. 6, 12). It has a diameter of 2.3 mm. and a height 

of 2.7 mm.

No tubes of H. onyx with the operculum attached are 

available in the material from Erie Bluff, Tombigbee 

River, Hale County, Ala., one of Morton's localities.

Phylum MOLLUSCOIDEA

Class BRYOZOA

Order CHEILOSTOMATA

Family MEMBRANIPORIDAE

Genus MEMBRANIPORA Blainville, 1830

Membranipora sp.

Plate 31, figure 8

The Bryozoa are represented by one poorly preserved 

specimen, which Dr. R. S. Bassler refers to the genus 

Membranipora Blainville. The zooecia have a thick 

clublike, probably branching, habit of growth.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet. U. S. N. M. 104017 (U. S. G. S. 18930).

Phylum MOLLUSCA

Class PELECYPODA

Family NUCULIDAE .

Genus NUCULA Lamarck, 1799

Nucula nulla Stephenson, n. sp.

Plate 31, figures 9, 10

. The species is represented in the Avent core samples 

by 11 individuals, which range in length from 1.4 mm. 

to 4.3 mm. In view of the number of specimens it is 

assumed that the larger ones are adults, an assumption 

that may not be justified.

Shell small, subelliptical-elongate in outline, strongly 

inequilateral, equivalve, of medium convexity, the 

greatest inflation being a little back of the midlength 

and a little above the midheight. Beaks moderately 

prominent, incurved, approximate, opistl ogyrate, situated about three-tenths the length of the shell from the 

posterior extremity. The surface rounds down broadly 

to the anterior and ventral margins and steeply to the
NEW UPPER CRETACEOUS FOSSILS FROM MISSISSIPPI AND TEXAS 171

anterodorsal and posterior margins. A shallow sulcus 

extends radially in a curve from the beak to the lower 

posterior margin on each valve, and between these two 

sulci the posterodorsal margins of the two valves rise 

to form a well-defined rostrum. Anterodorsal margin 

long and^ broadly arched; anterior margin sharply 

rounded; ventral margin long and broadly rounded, 

rising a little more steeply at each end; posterior margin 

with a short subtruncatioii inclined forward; posterodorsal margin short, steep, nearly straight. Surface of 

shell marked only by very fine, obscure growth lines. 

The internal features are not clearly uncovered, but 

the numerous taxodont teeth, numbering six or more 

to the millimeter, can be obscurely seen through the 

semitransparent shell of the holotype and of several 

of the paratypes. Radiating internal shell structure 

such as is characteristic of the nuculid group can be 

faintly discerned on one of the paratypes.

Dimensions of the holotype, a shell chosen for its completeness: Length 4.3 mm., height 3.1 mm., thickness 

2 mm.

Types: Holotype, U. S. N. M. 104018 (U. S. G. S. 

18894) ; four unfigured paratypes, U. S. N. M. 104020 

(U. S. G. S. 18894) ; seven unfigured paratypes, TT. S. 

N. M. 104019 (U. S. G. S. 18930).

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, 

depth 2,730-2,750 feet (U. S. G. S. 18894, 18930).

Family ARCIDAE, sensu lato

Genus BARBATIA Gray, 1842

Barbatia? sp.

Plate 31, figure 11

Three shells in the Avent core are questionably referred to Barbatia Gray. None are completely preserved, and none show the hinge; one appears to be 

adult, and the other two appear to be juvenile, probably 

all of the same species. The adult, a right valve, is 

about 17 mm. long and 9 mm. high and bears 25 or more 

tuberculated, moderately strong ribs, of which a centrally located group are smaller and more closely spaced 

than those either anterior or posterior to them. The 

juvenile shells, one a left and the other a right valve, 

are each about 3+ mm. long and about 2 mm. high and 

are similarly ribbed. Figured specimen, U. S. N. M. 

104021; unfigured, U. S. N. M. 104022.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet (U. S. G. S. 18894,18930).

Genus BREVIARCA Conrad, 1872 

• Breviarca sp.

Plate 31, figures 12, 13

One shell, a left valve, in the Avent core is referable 

to the genus Breviarca Conrad. It is considerably water-worn and cannot be referred safely to a species. 

However, it has the outline and form of Breviarca congesta Conrad and is closely allied to that species. Conrad's species came from the Snow Hill calcareous member of the Black Creek formation at Snow Hill, N. C. 

(Stephenson, 1923, pp. 112-114, pi. 20, figs. 9-13), and 

is considered to be of upper Taylor age. The shell measures : Length 8.3 mm., height 7.9 mm., convexity 2.5 mm. 

In outline the shell is broadly subovate, and the surf r,ce 

is smooth as preserved. The hinge and ligamental area 

are worn, but the dentition appears to be typical, and 

ligamental striations transverse to the hinge line are 

present. Other internal features are concealed by ha rd 

matrix.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet. U. S. N. M. 104023 (U. S. G. S. 18894).

Genus TRIGONARCA Conrad, 1862 

Trigonarca munda Stephenson, n. sp.

Plate 31, figures 14^-lQ

This species is represented in the Avent core by one 

nearly complete left valve, which possesses all the characteristic features of the genus Tmgonarca Conrrd; 

it is probably a young individual.

Shell small for the genus, moderately inflated, 

roughly subquadrate in outline, inequilateral. Beak 

of medium prominence, rather narrow, strongly incurved, approximate, opisthogyrate, situated back of 

the midlength, about three-fifths the length of the hinge 

from its anterior end. Umbonal ridge well developed, 

rounded on the crest. Greatest inflation a little bp,ck 

of the midlength, well above the midheight, from which 

point the surface rounds down regularly to the anterior 

and ventral margins; posterior slope steep and broadly 

excavated radially from the beak to the posterior margin. Anterodorsal margin short and nearly straight; 

anterior margin regularly rounded; ventral margin 

broadly and regularly rounded; posterior margin 

strongly truncated, inclined forward, rounded at upper 

and lower ends. The surface bears sharp growth lines 

of irregular strength; a closely spaced group of 9 or 10 

weak radial lines diverges outward from the beak on 

the anterodorsal slope, fading out before reaching the 

anterior margin; a similar but much shorter and weaker 

group of lines passes rearward from the beak on the 

posterodorsal slope. The most prominent part of the 

umbo is faintly divided by a radial depression, in which 

several very faint radial lines may be detected. Lunule 

and escutcheon wanting.

Dimensions: Length 24 mm., height 21.2 mm., convexity 7.1 mm.

The ligament is amphidetic, but the posterior part is 

short and covers .only a small part of the area; it is 

sharply defined by impressed grooves. The area of 

attachment of the ligament is triangular with its
172 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

longest side coinciding with the upper edge of the hinge 

plate; the markings on the area appear to be the beginnings of rather coarse chevron-shaped grooves, suggesting that this specimen is the young stage of an individual that in its adult stage might be several times 

larger. The numerous taxodont teeth form a broad 

asymmetric arch 011 a narrow hinge plate, curving down 

more sharply at the rear; centrally the teeth are short, 

irregular, and vertical; away from the center in each 

direction they become first longer and successively more 

oblique, then shorter, continuing to increase their 

obliquity until the short terminal teeth become horizontal; some of the teeth anterior and posterior to the 

nmbo are obtusely and asymmetrically angulated in 

trend. Adductor scars large, elongated, the posterior 

one a little larger; a narrow sharp ridge extends from 

under the beak radially past the anterior scar; the posterior scar occupies a raised platform, which is bordered 

on the inner side by a prominent, curved, sharp-edged 

carina, the posterior part of which extends radially with 

diminishing strength toward the umbo. Pallial line 

entire. Inner surface bearing numerous weak radial 

lines which end distally at the pallial line. Inner margin smooth. Brownish, rather dim spots and zigzag 

bands, mainly on the posterior half of the surface, 

appear to be original color patterns.

A small outcrop of water-laid volcanic sandstone 

exposed on the west flank of Prothro salt dome, Bienville Parish, La., has yielded eight poorly preserved 

specimens of Trigonctrca ranging in size from that of T. 

tnmula up to a length of 72 mm. The two smaller specimens in the lot agree rather closely in form with T. 

munda and may be specifically identical with it; they 

appear to be the young stage of a species, of which the 

larger specimens are the adults. These shells were mistakenly referred to Cucullaea by me in a paper by W. C. 

Spooner (1926, p. 248).

Type: Holotype, U. S. N. M. 104:021.

Occurrence : A vent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet (U. S. G. S. 18894).

Louisiana, questionably on the west flank of the 

Prothro salt dome (sees. 7 and 18, T. 14 N., K. 6 W.), 

Bienville Parish (U. S. G. S. 12950).

Genus POSTLIGATA Gardner, 1916

Postligata aventi Stephenson, n. sp.

Plate 32, figures 31-33

Shell small, compressed, broadly subovate in outline, 

slightly extended in the posteroventral direction, 

slightly inequilateral, equivalve. Beaks small, nonpromineiit, prosogyrate, situated a little in advance of 

the midlength; in nearly all specimens the beak and 

hinge are more or less water-worn. Surface marked 

only by fine growth lines and an occasional concentric 

groove marking a resting stage. With the exception

of a faint subtruncation on the lower anterior margin 

and the interruption caused by the beak, the margins 

are evenly curved all the way around. Lunule and 

escutcheon wanting.

Dimensions of the holotype, a right vrAve: Length 

10.4 mm., height 9.8 mm., convexity 2 mm. ^

Ligament opisthodetic, multivincular, set in 3 or 4 

grooves oblique to the hinge line backward and UOAVIIwarcl. Taxodont teeth in two series scarcely separated 

from each other; the anterior series numbers 8 or 9 

teeth alined in a nearly straight row; the posterior 

series numbers 13 or 14 alined in a slightly uparching 

curve. Inner surface smooth with the exception of 2 

narrow, weak ridges extending from under the beak, 

1 radially past the inner side of each adductor scar. 

Adductor scars slightly impressed, subecual, the anterior one roundish, the posterior one a little elongated 

in the posteroventral direction. Pallial line entire. 

Inner margin smooth.

Compared with Post?t'gatamonroei (p. 166) from the 

MoRae No. 1 well in Hinds County, this species is more 

compressed laterally, is less elongated in the direction 

of the length, and is a little more extended in the 

posteroventral direction.

The species is named in honor of Dr. J. K. Avent, on 

whose land the Avent well was drilled.

Types: Holotype, a right valve, U. S. T. M. 104025 

(U. S. G. S. 18930) ; 1 figured paratype, a left valve, 

U. S. N. M. 104026 (U. S. G. S. 18894); 16 unfigured 

paratypes, U S. N. M. 104027 (U. S. G. P. 18930); 25 

unfigured paratypes, U. S. N. M. 104028 (U. S. G. S. 

18894).

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet (U. S. G. S. 18894, 18930).

Family PTERIIDAE

Genus PTERIA Scopoli, 1777

Pteria? sp.

A fragment of a small left valve, which includes the 

umbonal region and the anterior wing, is too incomplete 

for specific identification. The surface is smooth, and 

the wing trigonal and strongly compressed. Part of 

the hinge is present but is badly worn; it shows a ligamental depression below the beak in front of which 

a toothlike protrusion bulges slightly inward from the 

straight hinge line.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, 

depth 2,730-2,750 feet. U. S. N. M. 104029 (U. S.' G. S. 

18894).

Family PEDALIONIDAE 

Genus INOCERAMUS Sowerffy, 1814

The status of our present knowledge of the group of 

American Upper Cretaceous bivalve molluscan fossils 

to which the name Inoceratnus Sowerby is commonly
NEW UPPER CRETACEOUS FOSSILS FROM MISSISSIPPI AND TEXAS 173

applied is discussed by me in two papers (Stephenson, 

1923, pp. 127-131; 1941, pp. 98, 99). Supplemental to 

those discussions it now appears that Sowerby's name, 

Inoceramiis cuvierii, appeared in print as early as December 1814. The following is quoted from the proceedings of the Linnaean Society published in the 

Annals of Philosophy, vol. 4, p. 448,1814:

A paper by Mr. [J.] Sowerby was read on a fossil shell 

which occurs in chalk, very frequently in the flint nodules. 

Fragments of it had been observed by Cuvier and Brongniart 

in the chalk near Paris, and from their fibrous texture they were 

led to consider them as fragments of pinnae ; but from their thickness (near half an inch) they concluded that the shell must 

have been of enormous size. Mr. Sowerby got specimens of the 

fossil from various quarters of the chalk country in the south 

of England. He ascertained, by comparing these specimens 

with each other, that it was a bivalve shell, having a hinge 

of a peculiar structure, and constituting a genus apart. To this 

genus he has given the name inoceramiis; and the most common 

species he calls inoceramiis Cuvierii.

What was said about the difficulty of classifying and 

naming many of the American specimens of Inocera- 

•nui'S, in my two papers cited above, still remains true, 

for which reason I refrain from giving a specific name 

to the comparatively well preserved shell shown in plate 

32, figure 37.

Inoceramiis sp.

Plate 32, figure 37

The material referable to Inocerarmis Sowerby in the 

Avent core includes one fairly well preserved right 

valve, an incomplete juvenile left valve, and several 

fragments. The right valve (U. S. G. S. 18894) is subovate in outline, of medium convexity with the greatest 

inflation above the midheight and well toward the front, 

strongly inequilateral. Beak slightly prominent, 

strongly incurved, prosogyrate, situated only a little 

back of the anterior extremity. Surface rounding down 

steeply to the anterior margin and broadly to the ventral 

margin; there is a suggestion of a weak umbonal ridge, 

back of which the surface becomes slightly compressed 

in the posterior and posterodorsal regions. The concentric undulations range in distance apart from less than 1 

mm. near the beak to a maximum of about 6 mm. in the 

posteroventral region; the undulations are rather 

sharply curved in trend on the asterior slope, broadly 

curved on the ventral-facing slope as far as the umbonal ridge, where they bend sharply up and pass first 

in a very gentle curve to the posterodorsal slope, thence - 

in a regular curve forward to the dorsal margin. The 

anterior, ventral, and posterior margins are not complete but if present would conform to the trend of the 

concentric ridges. A rather marked subtruncation of 

the posterior margin is indicated. The dorsal margin is 

straight.

Dimensions of the large right valve: Length 48+mm., 

height 43 mm., convexity about 11 rnm.

This shell belongs to the subgroup of Inoceranms, 

the valves of which are elongate parallel to the hinge 

line. The subgroup makes its first appearance in late 

Austin (= Eutaw) time and is common in marine sediments throughout the remainder of Upper Cretaceous 

time. Although not specifically identical with Inoceratnus barabini Morton, from "Greene County, Ala.," the 

Avent specimens are closely allied to it. They appea r to 

match closely specimens of Inoceramus from water-laid 

volcanic rock exposed on the west flank of Prothro salt 

dome near the north line of NE^ sec. 18, T. 14 N., R. 6 

E., Bienville Parish, La. It is also closely similar in 

outline and form to a representative of the genus foniid 

in the upper part of the Tokio formation near Ben 

Lomond, Seyier County, Ark. (Dane, 1929, p. 41, pi. 8, 

tig. 1). Figured, U. S. N. M. 104030; unfigured, U. S. 

N. M. 104031.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet (U. S. G. S. 18894); fragments, U. S. 

N". M. 104032 (U. S. G. S. 18930).

Family OSTREIDAE

Genus OSTREA linne, 1758

Ostrea sp.

Juvenile shells of Ostrea of a rather nondescript character, some of them water-worn, are scattered through 

the Avent core. Some of the fragments are irregularly 

costate. None of the material is specifically determir ate.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet. U. S. N. M. 104033 (U. S. G. S. 18°94, 

18930).

Genus EXOGYRA Say, 1820

Exogyra? sp.

One incomplete juvenile shell having a maximum dimension of 8.3 mm. is questionably referred to Exogyra 

Say. It is irregular in form and finely and irregularly 

costate. The beak and hinge are strongly twisted rs in 

Exogyra.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet. U. S. N. M. 104034 (U. S. G. S. 188^4).

Family PECTINIDAE 

Genus PECTEN Miiller, 1776

Submenus CAMPTOITECTES (Agassiz ms.) Meek, 1864 

Pecten (Camptoneetes) sp.

Plate 32, figures 41^13

The Avent core yielded 10 fragments belonging to 

Pecten (Camptonectes), none of which is complete 

enough for specific assignment. The fragments indicate a medium-sized species with very fine, flattish, radi-
174 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

ating costae of the Camptonectes sort. The costae cover 

both the main body and the ears of the shell.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet. Figured, U. S. N. M. 104036 (U. S. 

G. S. 18894), U. S. N. M. 104035 (U. S. G. S. 18930); 

unfigured, U. S. N. M. 104037 (U. S. G. S. 18894), 

U. S. N. M. 104038 (U. S. G. S. 18930).

Family ANOMIIDAE

Genus ANOMIA Linne, 1758

Anomia acutilinearis Stephenson, n. sp.

Plate 32, figures 38-40

The species is represented in the Avent core by six 

left valves, none of which is complete in all features.

Shell small, compressed, subcircular in outline, subequilateral. Beak small, nonprominent, set back about 

1 mm. from the dorsal margin. The surface is covered 

with fine, sharp, slightly overlapping growth lamellae. 

Radiating lines are wanting. The shells are compressed 

but variable in details of form and sharpness of lining. 

The external lining is impressed on the internal mold 

as fairly regular, concentric grooves, as shown by one 

specimen from which the shell is missing except in a 

small area in the dorsal region. Internal features not 

uncovered.

Dimensions of the holotype, a shell partly broken 

away along the dorsal margin: Length 8.4 mm., height 

about 9 mm., convexity about 1 mm.

Types: Holotype, U. S. N. M. 104039; two figured 

paratypes, U. S. N. M. 104040; three unfigured paratypes, U. S. N. M. 104041.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2*750 feet (IT. S. G. S. 18894). -

Family MYTIIIDAE

Genus VOLSEIIA Scopoli, 1777

Volsella sp.

The genus Volsella Scopoli is represented in the Avent 

core by one incomplete, water-worn, left valve. The 

umbonal ridge is obtusely subangular in cross section, 

the anteroventral slope is moderately steep, and the 

worn surface shows no radial ribbing. The hinge is 

worn but appears to be edentulous. As preserved the 

shell is 9 mm. long, about 7 mm. high, and has a convexity of 2.5 mm.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet. U. S. N. M. 104042 (U. S. G. S. 18894).

Family PLEUROFLOBIDAE

Genus ETEA Conrad, 1875

Etea? sp.

Plate 32, figure 28

One left valve shows most of the external features of 

the shell, but the hinge is poorly preserved. The shell 

is thin, moderately inflated, inequilateral. Beak moderately prominent, incurved, prosogyrate, situated about 

two-fifths the length of the shell from the anterior extremity. Umbonal ridge sinuous, obtusely angular hi 

cross section, extending from beak to lower posterior 

extremity. Anterodorsal margin short, slightly excavated; anterior margin sharply rounded; ventral 

margin very broadly rounded; posterior margin angular below, strongly truncated above; posterodorsal margin long and broadly arched. Concentric growth lines 

fine and sharp. The teeth appear to have been worn 

or broken away; ligamental groove long, nr.rrow.

Dimensions: Length 6.3 mm., height 4.9 mm., convexity 2 mm.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet. U. S. N. M. 104043 (U. S. G. S, 18930).

Family CRASSATEIIIDAE 

Genus CRASSATEIIA lamarck, 17^9 

Crassatella subterrestris Stephenson, n. sp. 

Plate 32, figures 21-25

The available material in the Avent core referable 

to the genus Crassatella consists of 1 nearly complete 

right valve, small for the genus, possibly a young individual, and 10 very small juvenile shells in different 

stages of completeness. The description is based mainly 

on the complete shell (holotype), supplemented by the 

juvenile shells which show the young stage and the beak 

in sharper detail. . Shell small for the genus, compressed, subtrigonal in 

outline", inequilateral, equivalve. Umbonal ridge low, 

forming a broad subobtuse angle in cross section. Beaks 

low, slightly prominent, prosogyrate, situated about 

one-fourth the length of the shell from the anterior extremity. Greatest inflation above the midheight and 

slightly in advance of the midlength; from the highest 

point the surface rounds broadly and gently to the beak 

'and to the anterior and ventral margins; the steeper 

posterodorsal slope forms a flattish, radiating, slightly 

sinuous band extending from the beak to the posterior 

margin. Lunule of medium length, narrow, rather 

deep and roughened by growth lines; escutcheon long, 

narrow and rather deep. Anterodorsal margin short, 

slightly excavated; anterior margin a little more
NEW UPPER CRETACEOUS FOSSILS FROM MISSISSIPPI AND TEXAS 175

sharply rounded than a semicircle; ventral margin 

broadly rounded anteriorly, becoming nearly straight 

toward the rear; posterior margin subangular below, 

followed above by a short subtruncation inclined a 

little forward; posterodorsal margin long, descending, 

broadly arched. On the young stage, not exceeding 

7 mm. in length, the concentric ornamentation is proportionately coarse and strong, except near the tip of 

the beak, the ridges being separated by interspaces 

broadly V-shaped in cross section and extending uninterrupted beyond the umbonal ridge to the dorsal 

margin; on later stages the concentric ridges are narrower and closer together as far rearward as the umbonal ridge, where every other ridge fades out, the 

remaining ones continuing to the margin; very fine, 

obscure, concentric lining is barely detectable on the 

surfaces between the ridges.

Dimensions of the holotype: Length 13 mm., height 

10.7 mm., convexity 2.3 mm.

The dentition on the right valve includes a prominent, 

narrow, cardinal tooth, sloping a little forward, below 

the beak; a narrow, weak, oblique anterior cardinal 

closely paralleling the inner margin of the lunule; the 

two cardinals separated by a narrow deep socket. The 

large cardinal-is striated in the direction of movement 

on the side facing forward. The ligament occupied a 

broad shallow pit back of the large cardinal; this pit 

does not reach the inner edge of the hinge plate, but is 

separated from it by a small more deeply inset socket 

into which fits the lower end of a cardinal tooth of the 

left valve. There is no lateral dentition proper, but an 

inner groove along the anterodorsal margin serves as a 

pseudosocket into which fits the thin edge of the corresponding margin of the left valve. In like manner the 

narrow posterolateral edge of the right valve fits into 

a corresponding groove in the margin of the left valve. 

Adductor scars rather large, elongated, and subequal. 

Pallial line entire. Inner margin smooth.

The ligamental characters of this species indicate 

that it belongs to the subgroup of Ora^sateUa typified by 

C. vadosa Morton (Stephenson, 1941, pp. 176, 177).

Types: Holotype, U. S. N. M. 104044 (U. S. G. S. 

18894); five unfigurecl paratypes, U. S. N. M. 104045 

(U. S. G. S. 18894); two figured paratypes, U. S. N. M. 

104046 (U. S. G. S. 18930); three unfigured paratypes, 

U. S. N. M. 104047 (U. S. G. S. 18930).

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet (U. S. G. S. 18894, 18930).

Family CARBIIDAE

Genus CARDIUM Linne, 1758

Cardium (Trachycardium) grenadense Stephenson, n. sp.

Plate 32, figures 34-36

Shell of medium size, subcircular in outline except 

for the posterior truncation, moderately inflated, sub732303—47^—3

equilateral, equivalve. Beaks moderately prominent, 

strongly incurved, nearly direct, approximate, situated 

slightly in advance of the midlength. Umbonal ridge 

broadly rounded on the crest. Dorsal slopes steep, the 

posterior one broadly excavated in the radial direction. 

Margins regularly rounded except the posterior one 

which is rather strongly subtruncated, the line of truncation inclining somewhat forward. Surface ornamented with 32 to 34 sharply developed ribs, the coarsest 

ones of which are on the umbonal inflation from wtich 

they decrease regularly in size toward the front; toward the rear the ribs decrease in size, several of them 

becoming longitudinally bifid. The ribs bear tubercles 

on their crests; adjacent to the ventral margin on the 

holotype the tubercles number about 7 in a linear distance of 3 mm.; toward the beak the number increases, 

and the size decreases; the tubercles are conical to 

slightly elongated in the concentric direction, and are 

concentrically alined from one rib to another; the 

tubercles are most prominent anteriorly and decrease 

regularly in strength rearward, becoming weak to obscure on the umbonal ridge and posterior slope. In the 

umbonal region of most specimens the ribs and tubercles 

are more or less worn.

Dimensions of the holotype, a half-grown left valve 

chosen because of the well-preserved condition of its 

surface features: Length 11.8 mm., height 11.7 mm., 

convexity 3.8 mm. The largest shell in the core, whose 

surface is considerably worn and corroded measures: 

Length 23 mm., height about 23 mm., convexity 7 imr,

Ligamental groove opisthodetic, short, narrow. 

Nymph short and rather stout. Hinge of left valve 

with two cardinal teeth, the anterior one prominent, 

trigonal, slightly oblique forward, the posterior one 

narrow, nonprominent, oblique backward, subparallel to 

the nymph, the two separated by a deep triangular 

socket; anterior lateral short, stout, distant; posterior 

lateral proportionately short and weak and nearer the 

beak. Hinge of right valve with two cardinal teeth, 

the anterior one short, weak, and strongly oblique forward, the posterior one stout, trigonal, oblique backward, the two separated by a deep trigonal socket; the 

posterior lateral dentition consists of a pair of stort 

claspers, the inner element of which is stout, the outer 

weak and blending with the margin of the shell, the two 

elements separated by a narrow socket; the anterior 

lateral dentition presents a similar pair of short claspers. 

The hinge becomes proportionately thick and rugged 

in adults. Adductor scars high in the shell, the anterior 

one subtrigonal in outline, the posterior one larger and 

somewhat elongated. Pallial line entire. Inner rrargin strongly creiiulated, the indentations corresponding 

to the ends of the ribs.

The species is closely related to, possibly specifically 

identical with, poorly preserved specimens of Cardiwn, 

(Trachycardhim) from water-laid volcanic sandstone
176 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

exposed in a small area on the west flank of Prothro salt 

dome, Bienville Parish, La. (U. S. G. S. ISsSTO,12950). 

(See Spooner, 1926, p. 248.) ,

Types: Holotype, a half-grown left valve, U. S. N. M. 

104048 (U. S. G. S. 18894) ; 2 figured paratypes, U. S. 

N. M. 104049 (U. S. G. S. 18894); 57 unfigured 

paratypes, many fragmentary, U. S. N. M. 104050 

(U. S. G. S. 18894) ; 17 unfigured paratypes, U. S. N. M. 

104051 (U. S. G. S. 18930).

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet (U. S. G. S. 18894,18930).

Family VENERIDAE

Genus FTTLPIA Stephenson, 1946

Fulpia? subtrigona Stephenson, n. sp.

Plate 32, figures 29, 30

The core yielded only two examples of this species, 

one an adult right valve and the other a juvenile shell 

with both valves present.

Shell small, roughly subtrigonal in outline, moderately convex, inequilateral, equivalve. Umbonal ridge 

weak, rounded. Beak of moderate prominence, incurved, prosogyrate, situated a little in advance of the 

midlength. Anterodorsal slope steep, excavated; posterodorsal slope steep, gently rounded both radially and 

transverse to the margin, ending distally in a short 

marginal subtruncation. Luhule and escutcheon wanting. Surface ornamented only with fine incremental 

lines and irregularly distributed, stronger, concentric 

grooves, which mark brief resting stages.

Dimensions of the holotype: Length 12.5 mm., height 

11.7 mm., convexity 3.9 mm.

Ligamental groove external, opisthodetic, about 3 

mm. long in the holotype. Hinge of right valve not completely preserved. Cardinal teeth three, the anterior 

one obscure, weak, apparently fused with the margin 

of the shell, the medial one nearly direct, of moderate 

thickness, partly broken away, posterior one long, 

oblique, strong. Anterior cardinal socket narrow, deep, 

trigonal; medial socket wide, deep, trigonal; posterior 

socket long, narrow, oblique, deep. The anterior cardinal socket opens in the forward direction into a long, 

narrow lateral groove or socket which is poorly preserved anteriorly; presumably this groove serves as a 

socket for a corresponding long anterior lateral tooth 

of the left valve. Beginning just back of the distal end 

of the ligamental groove a long, lateral groove or 

socket extends rearward, becoming obscure in that 

direction because of poor preservation. Other internal 

features not uncovered.

This species, though too poorly preserved for positive 

identification, appears to possess the generic characters 

of Fulpia Stephenson, which was first described from 

the Woodbine formation of Texas. The Texas material (1946, pp. 68-71, pi. 12) is abundant and wellpreserved.

Types: Holotype, U. S. N. M. 104052 (U.'S. G. S. 

18894) ; one unfigured paratype, a nearly complete juvenile shell, U. S. N. M. 104053 (U. S. G. S. 18930).

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, 

depth 2,730-2,750 feet (U. S. G. S. 18894,18930).

Genus APHRODINA Conrad, 1869 

Aphrodina sp.

Plate 32, figures 1&-20

Three fragmentary specimens in the Avait core are 

referred to the genus Aphrodina Conrad. They include 

a medium-sized right valve showing most of the hinge, 

the umbonal region, and part of the exterior, a left 

valve of a smaller specimen showing part of the hinge, 

the beak, and part of the exterior, and one very small, 

incomplete right valve.

The shell is ovate-elongate in outline, smooth, and 

only moderately inflated. The lunule is long, rather 

narrowly lanceolate, and bounded by a sharply defined 

line. Escutcheon wanting. Ligamental groove long, 

sharply incised, bounded by a well-developed nymph. 

Beak moderately prominent, prosogyrate. The right 

hinge bears three cardinal teeth, of which the anterior 

one is oblique forward, narrow above, and thick distally, the medial one is direct, elongate-trigonal, and 

prominent, the posterior one is long, oblique rearward, 

thick, and slightly bifid distally. The anterior and 

medial sockets are of medium width and depth, and the 

posterior socket is long, narrow, and shallower than the 

other two. The anterior lateral dentition consists of a 

socket of moderate length separating a thick tooth 

below from a narrow, weak one above. TJi a, left hinge 

bears three cardinal teeth, of which the anterior one is 

thick, trigonal, and slightly bifid, the medial one is 

moderately thick and entire, and the posterior one is 

long, narrow, and weak. Anterior lateral tooth well 

developed.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, 

depth 2,730-2,750 feet. U. S. N. M. 104054 (U. S. G. S. 

18894).

Family TELLINIDAE

Genus TELLINA linne, 1758 

Tellina harrelli Stephenson, n. sp.

Plate 32, figures 5-8

Shell small for the genus, elongate-subelliptical in outline, compressed, slightly inequilateral. Beaks small, 

compressed, nonprominent, nearly direct, rituated near 

the midlength. Greatest inflation above the midheight, 

near the midlength, from which point the surface curves 

over gently- to the anterior and ventral margins and to
NEW UPPER CRETACEOUS FOSSILS FROM MISSISSIPPI AND TEXAS 177

the weakly defined, broadly rounded umbonal ridge. 

Back of the ridge the posterodorsal slope steepens and 

forms a broadly excavated radial band extending from 

the beak to the posterior margin; this band bears 10 

or 12 fine, closely spaced radial riblets. The rest of the 

outer surface is marked by fine growth lines, the ones 

on the umbonal area of unworn shells being the sharpest 

and coarsest. On some shells 2 or 3 obscure radial lines 

are present on the anterodorsal slope. Anterodorsal 

margin nearly straight to very gently arched; anterior 

margin sharply rounded; ventral margin broadly 

rounded; posterior margin subtruncated, inclined forward ; posterodorsal margin broadly excavated.

None of the shells is sufficiently complete around the 

margins for an accurate measurement. The holotype, a 

right valve", measures: Length 8.5+mm., height 

5.8+mm., convexity 1.4 mm. One large incomplete left 

valve must be at least 22 mm. long and is probably 

12 mm. or more high.

Ligamental groove long, extending about halfway 

to the terminus, deeply incised, V-shaped in cross section, bordered within by a narrow but strong nymph. 

The hinge of the right valve, as seen in the holotype, 

bears two cardinal teeth, of which the posterior one 

(broken off in this specimen) is thick, trigonal, slightly 

oblique to the rear, and presumably bifid; the anterior 

one is small, narrow, nonprominent, and slightly oblique 

forward; the two are separated by a deep trigonal 

socket; behind the large cardinal is a narrow, shallow, 

oblique socket. About 1 mm. in front of the cardinal 

area is a pair of short lateral claspers, the outer element of which blends with the margin; the posterior 

lateral dentition is not clearly seen in the available material. In one of the paratypes, a left valve, the anterior 

cardinal tooth is prominent, thick, bifid, and slightly 

oblique forward, and the posterior cardinal is narrow, 

nonprominent, oblique to the rear, and blends with the 

margin; the separating socket is wide, deep, and trigonal. The anterior lateral is short and of moderate 

strength. Posterior lateral not seen. Other internal 

features not uncovered.

The species is especially characterized by the group 

of fine radial lines on the posterodorsal slope of both 

valves.

The species is named in honor of Mr. David Harrell, 

geologist of the Carter Oil Co., who furnished part of 

the core material from the Avent well.

-Types: Holotype, U. S. N. M. 104055 (U. S. G. S. 

18930); one figured paratype, U. S. N. M. 104056 (U. S. 

G. S. 18930) ; four imfigured paratypes, U. S. N. M. 

104057 (U. S. G. S. 18930) ; four unfigurecl paratypes, 

U. S. N. M. 104058 (U. S. G. S. 18894).

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet (U. S. G. S. 18894,18930).

Unidentified specimens of Tellina?

The Avent core yielded nine specimens of small 

Tellina-like bivalves (one figured, U. S. G. S. 18S94, 

U. S. N. M. 104059; six shells unfigured, U. S. G. S. 

18894, U. S. N. M. 104060; two unfigured shells, U. S. 

G. S. 18930, U. S. N. M. 104061), the largest of which 

is less than 7 mm. long. None of the hinges was successfully uncovered. The shell is subtrigonal-elongate, 

rather compressed, and is regularly ornamented with 

sharp concentric lines, which are coarsest in the umbonal 

region. No radiating lines present. Beaks situated a 

little back of the midlength. Ligament short, external, 

opisthodetic. These shells are designated Tellinaf sp. 

a. One of them, interpreted to be a left valve, is figured 

(pi. 32, fig. 1).

Another small ZWZwia-like species is represented by 

eight specimens (three specimens, U. S. G. S. 18894, 

U. S. N. M. 104064; five specimens, U. S. G. S. 18930, 

one figured, U. S. N. M. 104062, four unfigured, U. S. 

N. M. 104063). One incomplete right valve is 10+mm. 

long. This form is designated Tellinaf sp. "b. The shell 

is more compressed than in the preceding (sp. a] , and 

the growth lines are so fine that the surface appears quite 

smooth. The beak is small, nonprominent, and situated 

back of the midlength. One right valve is figured (pi. 

32, fig. 2).

Several fragments having a form and outline euggestive of Tellina (U. S. G. S. 18894, one figured, IT. S. 

N. M. 104065, two unfigured, U. S. N. M. 104066; U. S. 

G. S. 18930, U. S. N. M. 104067, three specimens) are 

characterized by having the narrow posterodorsal slope 

cut by a moderately pronounced sulcus extending from 

the beak to the upper part of the posterior margin. 

Otherwise the surface bears only fine growth lines. 

This is Tellinaf sp. o. The hinge of the right valve is 

essentially like that of Tellina with a large trigonal 

posterior cardinal tooth (broken in the figured specimen), and a weak anterior cardinal; anterior and posterior lateral claspers are well developed. The incomplete right valve shown in the illustration (pi. 32, figs. 

3,4) is 12+mm. long.

Genus LINEARIA Conrad, 1860 

Linearia sp.

Plate 32, figure 9

One fragment of a right bivalve shell shows the umbonal area, including part of the hinge and part of the 

anterodorsal slope. The shell is compressed, and the 

surface bears narrow radiating costae which are coarsest on the anterodorsal slope and become fine to obscure 

on the side. The posterodorsal slope is broken av^ay. 

The surface is further marked by pronounced con?-eiitric, rather closely spaced ridges, which, on the ride, 

are much stronger than the radiating riblets. Relation-
178 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

ship to the genus Linearia Conrad is definitely shown 

by the closely spaced, rather long pair of cardinal teeth 

directed with strong obliquity toward the front. There 

is also a pair of elongated anterior lateral claspers. 

The fragment is 5 mm. long, and the complete shell 

would probably be 8 or 10 mm. long.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, 

depth 2,730-2,750 feet.. U. S. N. M. 104068 (U. S. G. S. 

18894).

Family DONACIDAE

Genus FROTODONAX Yokes, 1945

Protodonax sp."

Plate 32, figure 10

One small, smooth Z>07i#o?-like left valve is referred 

to the recently erected genus, Protodonax Yokes (1945, 

pp. 295-308). The outline is elongate-subtrigonal. 

The posterior slope is short and steep, and the posterior 

margin is regularly rounded from the hinge down to 

the ventral margin. The anterior part of the shell is 

proportionately very long, and the anterior margin is 

sharply rounded. The anterodorsal margin is long, 

descending, and nearly straight, and the ventral margin 

is very broadly rounded. The hinge is not well 

preserved.

Dimensions: Length 5.6 mm., height 3.5 mm., 

convexity about 1.2 mm.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, 

depth 2,730-2,750 feet. U. S. N. M. 104069 (U. S. 

G. S. 18894).

Family MACTKIDAE

Genus SPISULA Gray, 1837

Spisula brevis Stephenson, n. sp.

Plate 32, figures 26, 27

Shell of medium size, short-subtrigonal in outline, 

moderately inflated, inequilateral, equivalve. Beaks 

prominent, strongly incurved, slightly prosogyrate, 

situated somewhat back of the midlength. TJmbonal 

ridge obtusely subangular in cross section, sinuous in 

trend. Anterodorsal slope steep, moderately descending. Posterodorsal slope steep and steeply descending 

toward the lower posterior margin. The anterodorsal 

slope or lunule is outlined by a shallow, radial sulcus, 

which is bordered on the inner side by a narrow band 

marked only by fine growth lines, and between this 

band and the dorsal margin is a band roughened by 

closely spaced, sharp-crested, concentric ridges. The 

posterodorsal slope between the umbonal ridge and the 

dorsal margin is almost equally divided into two radial 

bands having surfaces respectively similar to the radial 

bands on the anterodorsal slope. The main or lateral 

surface of the shell between the two dorsal slopes is 

marked only by fine growth lines.

The incomplete holotype, a right valve, is 11+mm. 

long, is about 11 mm. high, and has a convexity of about 

4 mm. One paratype is the internal mold of the anterior part of a left valve about twice as large as the 

holotype, with several fragments of shell attached to it.

The ligament appears to have been quite small and 

has left no certainly recognizable mark of attachment 

QII the margin of the shell; the resilium was large and 

occupied a very shallow pit on the hinge plate; the ligament and resilium were not separated by a shelly septum 

and were probably closely associated. There are two 

cardinal teeth in the right valve, the posterior one of 

which (broken away in the holotype) is thick, tabular, 

rather prpmiiient, and closely borders the resilium on 

its anterior side; at its upper end it coalesces with the 

end of the shell margin (spur of Dall), and it appears 

to be separated by a narrow space from the upper 

end of the anterior cardinal. The anterior cardinal 

is thin, nonprominent, oblique, and is coalQ-scent with 

the inner wall of the shell margin; between the two 

cardinals is a wide trigonal socket. Students of Recent 

mactroid shells usually treat these two cardinal teeth 

as the two arms of a compound cardinal tooth; there 

seems to be no reason in the present species, however, 

why they should not be regarded as separate cardinal 

teeth, as the socket separating them receiver a cardinal 

tooth of the left valve. A deep anterior lateral socket 

separates a pair of claspers, the inner element of which 

is of medium thickness and fairly prominent, and the 

outer element of which is weak and coalescent with the 

shell margin; this lateral socket lies closely in front of 

the anterior cardinal tooth and is connected with the 

cardinal socket by a narrow channel below the end of 

the tooth. From just back of the resilifer a pronounced 

groove passes posteriorly along the hinge plr.te merging 

distally into a deep lateral socket between a pair of 

claspers which are comparable in strength and relationships to the anterior claspers; the posterior end of these 

claspers is broken away. Other internal features are not 

uncovered.

This species differs from the genotype, Sphula solida 

(Linne), from the Recent seas of Europe, in several 

details, the most important of which is the strong development of the posterior cardinal tooth in the right valve 

( = posterior arm of compound cardinal tooth of authors). In the genotype and other Recent species the 

posterior cardinal has been reduced to a thin, short 

remnant attached to the upper end of the anterior cardinal by the expanding development of the resilium; there 

is a more intimate relationship of the laterrl dentition 

of S. brevis to the cardinal dentition and to tls «, resilifer; 

and the resilifer is more deeply sunken in the hinge 

plate. These differences probably warrant a sectional 

name for the species here under consideration, but a 

new section should be based on more complete material 

than is now available.
NEW UPPER CRETACEOUS FOSSILS FROM MISSISSIPPI AND TEXAS 179

Types: Holotype, U. S. N. M. 104070; two unfigured 

paratypes, U. S. N. M. 104071.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet (U. S.,G. S. 18894).

Family CORBITLIDAE

Genus CARYOCORBTTLA Gardner, 1926

Type species: Cor'bula, alabamiensis Isaac Lea

Caryocorbula mississippiana Stephenson, n. sp.

Plate 32, figures 11-13

Shell of medium size, subtrigonal, moderately inflated, 

strongly inequilateral, inequivalve. Beaks of moderate 

prominence, strongly incurved, prosogyrate, approximate, situated a little back of the midlength; the right 

beak is more prominent than the left and more strongly 

incurved. The right valve is most inflated in a curved 

area extending from the midheight a little back of the 

umbo forward and downward toward the anterior 

extremity; fiom this inflated area the surface rounds 

down steeply toward and overhangs the anterodorsal 

margin, less steeply to the ventral margin, and steeply 

to the posterodorsal margin. The left valve is much less 

inflated than the right. Anterodorsal margin gently 

arched, descending; anterior margin sharply rounded; 

ventral margin broadly rounded; posterior margin 

short, squarely truncated; posterodorsal margin short, 

broadly concave. Umbonal ridge sinuous, sharply and 

obtusely angular in cross section. In front of the ridge 

on the right valve is a broad, shallow radial sulcus, and 

back of the ridge the posterodorsal slope is sinuous in 

the radial direction and broadly excavated on either 

side of a low central ridge or carina; a corresponding 

ridge is feebly developed on the left valve. The surfaces of the two valves are about equally marked by 

fine, somewhat irregular growth lines and irregular 

ridges, which may become fairly coarse toward the 

ventral margin of adults. One fragmentary left valve 

shows a neatly outlined nepionic-like shell capping the 

umbo, but this may be a fortuitous feature determined 

by a resting stage in the growth of the animal.

The holotype is an incomplete right valve, the posterior part of which is partly broken away from the 

internal mold. Its dimensions are: Length about 13.5 

mm., height about 11 mm., convexity 4.2 mm.

The hinge of the right valve, as seen in the holotype, 

presents one prominent, trigonal, slightly upturned 

cardinal tooth, bordered in front by a round-bottomed 

trench of medium width and depth, which opens inward 

and into which the margin of the left valve fits; behind 

this tooth is a profound pit that receives the chondrophore of the left valve; the right end of the resilium is 

attached in the upper part of this pit under the overhanging umbo. The left valve bears a partly submerged chondrophore, which' protrudes inward and

732303—47———4

slightly rearward; the surface of this chondrophore 

includes an elongated, spoon-shaped pit bordered behind by a narrow, shallow groove opening inward in a 

flaring notch, and in front by a slightly prominent, 

bicarinate ridge about half as wide as the pit. In front 

of the chondrophore is a deep triangular socket, which 

receives the cardinal tooth of the right valve. The inner 

surface of the shell is smooth with the exception of the 

slightly impressed adductor scars.

This species is similar in form and size to Cor'bula 

subgibbosa Conrad from the Snow Hill calcareous 

member of the Black Creek formation in North Carolina but is shorter in proportion to the height (Stephenson, 1923, pp. 343,344, pi. 86, figs. 6-12).

Compared with Caryocorbula aldbamiensis (Lea), 

the genotype of C'aryocorbula Gardner (1926, p. 46), 

this species is shorter in outline but is similar in its 

surface features and in essential ligamental and hinge 

characters. Compared with Corbula (Corbula} sulcata 

Lamarck, Yokes 1 finds that the ligament of the true 

Cor'bula differs in important respects from that of 

Caryocorbula.

Types: Holotype, U. S. N. M. 104072; one figured 

paratype, U. S. N. M. 104073; four imfigurecl paratypes, 

U. S. N. M. 104074.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, 

depth 2,730-2,750 feet (U. S. G. S. 18894).

Caryocorbula morsel Stephenson, n. sp.

Plate 32, figures 14-16

The species is represented in the Avent core by four 

shells, two of which are juvenile. *

Shell of medium size, subtrigonal in outline, moderately inflated, inequilateral. Beak prominent, strongly 

incurved, slightly prosogyrate, centrally located. Anterodorsal slope steep, overhanging near the beak; anterior and ventral-facing slopes rounding down with 

moderate steepness. Umbonal ridge sharp, sinuous, 

obtusely angular in cross section. Posterodorsal slope 

a proportionally narrow, sinuous, broadly excavated 

band ending distally at the posterior truncation. Between this band and the margin is a well-defined lanceolate, escutcheon-like area bounded by a dull-crested 

carina. The umbonal part of the shell surface (socalled nepionic shell) is ornamented with fine, closely 

spaced, concentric ridges. From this area outward the 

rest of the surface is covered with progressively coarser 

concentric ridges, those nearest the margin being about 

half a millimeter wide; approaching the nmbonal ridge 

these concentric ridges fade out somewhat erratically 

to mere growth lines and are wanting on the posterodorsal slope.

Dimensions of the incomplete holotype: Length 11 + 

mm., height about 9 mm., convexity about 4 mm.

1 Vokes, H. B., oral communication.
180 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

The hinge of the right valve includes a large trigonal 

cardinal tooth curving upward at the end, a wide channel opening inward in front of this tooth, and a deep 

pit back of the tooth for the reception of the chrondrophore of the left valve. A groove just within and paralleling the margin of the shell, best seen on the paratype, 

indicates that the right valve is a little larger than and 

slightly overlaps the left valve.

Compared^ with Corbula mississippiana this species is 

shorter, is more pointed posteriorly, and has a coarser 

concentric ribbing.

The species is named in honor of Prof. William Clifford Morse.

Types: Holotype, U. S. N. M. 104075 (U. S. G. S. 

18930) ; one figured paratype, U. S. N. M. 104076 (U. S. 

G. S. 18930) ; two unfigured paratypes, U. S. N. M. 

104077 (U.S.G.S. 18894).

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet (U. S. G. S. 18894,18930).

Caryocorbula sp. a

One large left valve (Caryocorbula sp. a, pi. 32, fig. 

17) resembles G. oxynema (Conrad) in form and is of 

comparable size to that species (Stephenson, 1923, pp. 

341, 342, pi. 86, figs. 13-17). The surface and hinge are 

considerably worn, and the posterior end is broken away. 

The shell is elongate-subtrigonal in outline and is laterally somewhat compressed.

Dimensions: Length 14+ mm., height about 10.5 mm., 

convexity 4 mm.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet. U. S. N.'M. 104078 (U. S. G. S. 18894).

Caryocorbula sp. b

One small incomplete right valve (Caryocorbula sp. 

&) may be a juvenile individual of a larger species. It 

appears to be a relatively short, high shell with fine, 

fairly pronounced concentric ribbing, a little sinuous in 

trend, and becoming coarser ventrally. It has a distinct 

umbonal ridge, obtusely subangular in cross section. 

The posterodorsal slope is steep and broadly excavated. 

The hinge and other internal features are not well preserved.

Dimensions as preserved: Length 2.7+ mm., height 

2.2 mm., convexity 1.2 mm.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet. U. S. N. M. 104079 (U. S. G. S. 18894).

Caryocorbula sp. c

Two small, incomplete specimens (Caryocorbula sp. 

c] , one a right valve and the other a left valve, pertain 

to a short, very plump species. They may be juvenile. 

The form and dentition are typically corbuloid, but the 

preservation is too poor for accurate specific assignment. The right valve measures: Length 4.4+ mm., 

height 3.2+ mm., convexity 1.9 mm.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet. Left valve, U. S. N. M. 1<H080 (U. S. 

G. S. 18894); right valve, U. S. N. M. 104081 (U. S. G. S. 

18930).

Caryocorbula sp. d

One fragment of a right valve indicates a somewhat 

elongated, somewhat depressed species (Caryocorbula 

sp. d) . It is characterized by a short, steep, anterodorsal 

slope and a long, wide, and broadly excavated posterodorsal slope. The cardinal tooth is proportionately 

large and prominent. The fragment is al out 6 mm. 

long.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada Connty, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet. U. S. N. M. 104082 (U. S. G. S. 18930).

Class SCAPHOPODA

Family DENTALIIDAE

Genus DENTALIUM Linne, 1758

Dentalium sp.

Several fragments of smooth, gently tapering, gently 

curved tubes appear to pertain to a small DentaHum. 

The smallest fragment measures 0.7 mm. in diameter 

at the small end, and the maximum diameter of the 

largest fragment is 1.8 mm. The tubes appear to bo 

broadly subovate in cross section, the longest diameter 

being at right angles to the plane of curvature of the 

tube.

Occurrence: A vent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet. Eight specimens, U. S. N. M. 104083 

(U. S. G. S. 18894) ; one specimen, U. S. N. M. 104084 

(U.S.G.S. 18930).

Class GASTROPODA

Family NEBITIDAE

Genus NERITA Linn6, 1758, sen.su latf

Nerita nodpsa Stephenson, n. sp.

Plate 33, figures 1-3

Shell small, closely involute, with very low spire. 

Protoconch very small, beadlike, somewhat worn in 

the available specimens, but apparently a smooth, 

simple trochoid shell. Whorls about 2, rapidly expanding. Shoulder weakly defined, broadly convex, rounding over to the broadly convex side below. Surface of 

holotype ornamented with 14 strongly nod°d primary 

spiral ribs, with 3 intercalated small secondary ribs 

appearing in the early stages of the body whorl, 2 on the 

side, and 1 on the shoulder. The nodes on the spirals are 

circular in plan and stand up as sharply defined low 

domes, forming regular rows on each primary spiral; 

the ribs and nodes are coarsest on the shoulders and 

upper part of the whorl and on the base, Aperture
NEW UPPER CRETACEOUS FOSSILS FROM MISSISSIPPI AND TEXAS 181

subovate with a shallow but rather long, well-defined 

anal canal curving from the posterior end upward and to 

the left as seen from in front; anterior end of aperture 

regularly rounded. Outer lip thick and forming an 

approximate semicircle slightly modified at the intersection of the shoulder subangle; inner surface of outer 

lip apparently smooth. Inner lip forming a thick callus, which thins and spreads forward and upward on 

the parietal wall; the anal canal follows the upper edge 

of this callus to its upper terminus; inner edge of callus 

smooth, or with 1 weak tooth near the upper end as seen 

in 1 paratype.

Dimensions of the holotype: Height about 5 mm., 

diameter about 4.5 mm.

The species differs from Nerita demtioulata in the 

simplicity and more sunken configuration of its inner 

lip, in the absence of denticulations on the inner surface 

of the outer lip, and in the greater strength and coarseness of the surface ornamentation.

Types: Holotype, U. S. N. M. 104085 (U. S. G. S. 

18894); nine unfigured paratypes, U. S. N. M. 104086 

(U. S. G. S. 18894); three unfigured paratypes, U. S. 

N. M. 104087 (U. S. G. S. 18930).

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, 

depth 2,730-2,750 feet (U.£. G. S. 18894,18930).

Nerita denticulate Stephenson, n. sp. 

Plate 33, figures 4-6

Shell small, semisubglobose, closely involute, with 

very low spire. Protoconch badly worn. Whorls 2 or 

2y2 , rapidly expanding. Body whorl plumply rounded 

with a mere trace of a shoulder angulation. Surface 

covered with about 17 spiral ribs, which are rather 

badly worn or corroded but which in places show weak 

tubercles. Aperture subcresceiitic with a shallow anal 

canal curving to the left and upward; anterior margin 

rounded. Outer lip strongly and asymmetrically 

arched, thin at the edge, thickening rearward; inner 

surface a little back of outer lip set with a row of 8 or 

9 distinct, spirally elongated denticulations. Inner lip 

plumply callused, the callus spreading forward and 

thinning to an edge on the parietal wall; inner edge 

of lip with 3 strong teeth or plications, the upper one 

of which is a little thicker than the other 2.

Dimensions: Height about 4 mm., diameter about 5 

mm.

This species differs from Nerita nodosa in its plump, 

strongly denticulate iirner lip, its more rotund profile, 

and its weaker and somewhat finer surface ornamentation.

Type: Holotype, U. S. N. M. 104088.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, 

depth 2,730-2,750 feet (U. S. G. S. 18894).

Family MELANELLIDAE

Genus MELANELLA Bowdich, 1822

Melanella (Eulima?) parva Stephenson, h. sp.

Plate 33, figures 11, 12

Shell very small, smooth, straight, high-turreted with 

apical angle of about 25°, decreasing somewhat on the 

larger whorls of the spire below. Protoconch small, 

smooth, trochoid. Suture line sharp and very shallow. 

Whorls six or seven, very gently convex, almost flat on 

the sides. Periphery and base of body whorl broadly 

rounded. Aperture broadly lanceolate, acutely angular 

at the rear, sharply rounded in front. Outer lip thin, 

broadly arched. Inner lip broadly excavated.

Dimensions of the one available shell: Height 3.6 

mm.', diameter 1.1 mm.

A small smooth shell of this sort affords a very merger 

basis for generic assignment. It may be juvenile, but 

it is nearly complete and is therefore given a specific 

name.

If curvature of the spire, which characterizes the 

genotype, Melatiella dufresnii Bowdich, be accepted as 

of genetic value the name Evlifma Bisso, 1826, may be 

used with subgeneric rank for straight-spired sr Q,lls, 

such as the one here described, as suggested by Yokes 

(1939, p. 177).

Holotype: U. S. N. M. 104089.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, d°>pth 

2,730-2,750 feet (U. S. G. S. 18894).

Family NATICIDAE

Genus NATICA Scopoli, 1777, sensu lato

Unidentified specimens of Natica?

One medium-sized shell from Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 2,730-2,750 feet, has a low spire, 

and three and a half or four rapidly expanding whorls 

(pi. 33, figs. 7, 8). Protoconch worn away. The surface is smooth with the exception of rather pronounced 

growth lines. A narrow, weakly developed should ?,r is 

present and is limited outwardly by an obtuse subangulation. The side of the body whorl is broadly 

rounded in profile. Umbilicus deep, narrow. Inner lip 

forming an expanded callus on the parietal wall. Dimensions: Height about 10 mm., diameter 7+ mm. 

U. S. N. M. 104090 (U. S. G. S. 18894).

One small shell from the same source, referred questionably to Natica (pi. 33, figs. 9, 10), has a small protoconch partly worn away and lacks a shoulder. It is 

plump in profile and has a small umbilicus. Dimensions : Height 2.7 mm., diameter 2.4 mm. U. S. 1 T. M. 

104091 (U.S.G.S. 18894).
182 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

Family TURRITELLIDAE 

Genus TURRITELLA Lamarck, 1799 

Turritella toleri Stephenson, n. sp.

Plate 33, figures 13-15

Shell small for the genus, high-turreted, with spiral 

angle of about 18°. Protoconch not preserved. Suture 

closely appressed, moderately impressed. Whorls 11 

in the holotype, with 2 or 3 of the apical ones missing, 

flattish to very gently convex on the side. The sides 

of the whorls are ornamented with 3 primary and 4 

secondary spiral ribs; the lower and middle primaries 

are a little closer together than the middle and upper 

ones; the primaries are very feebly noded. In each of 

the interspaces between the suture below and the suture 

above is a secondary spiral, all of which are fine and 

weak except the uppermost one just below the upper 

suture, which is a little stronger than the others. The 

secondaries fade out apically and are not seen on the 

smaller whorls of the spire. The primaries maintain 

their identity practically to the apex. The periphery 

of the body whorl bears a pair of spiral ribs separated 

by a shallow depression, the upper one of which is 

stronger; as the growing body whorl advanced it covered the lower rib of this pair, and its upper edge rests 

against the upper rib whose crest remains slightly exposed as a low narrow ridge bordering the suture. The 

flattish base below the pair of spirals is covered with 

a series of very fine, obscure spiral lines. From below 

upward the growth lines on the side of the whorl trend 

with strong obliquity backward to a point well above 

the middle, thence curve forward to the suture above; 

the antispiral sinus is therefore high on the whorl, and 

the growth-line angle is to the left of the axis instead 

of to the right, as it is in all the examples figured by 

Merriam (1941, p. 36, fig. 5). Aperture subcircular. 

Outer lip and part of the body whorl of the holotype 

broken away for several millimeters back of the aperture. Inner lip forming a thin callus over the base.

Dimensions of the holotype: Height 19.5 mm., 

diameter about 6.3 mm.

One fragment consisting of parts of three whorls 

(maximum diameter 4.3 mm.) has the pattern of ornamentation of the holotype of this species, except that 

the secondary spiral ribs are decidedly stronger; 

whether it is a distinct variety or merely an individual 

variant cannot be determined without a larger suite 

of specimens for comparison; for the present it is 

retained in the species.

The species is named in honor of Mr. Henry N". Toler, 

first president of the Mississippi Geological Society.

Types: Holotype, U. S. N. M. 104092; one unfigured 

paratype, U. S. N. M. 104093; one unfigured example 

(var. ?), U. S. N. M. 104094.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, 

depth 2,730-2,750 feet (U. S. G. S. 18894).

Turritella magnoliana Stephenson, n. s^. 

Plate 33, figures 16-18

Shell small for the genus, turreted, with spiral angle 

of about 20°. Protoconch not preserved. Suture closely appressed, deeply impressed. Whor1 ? broadly 

rounded on the side; four of the larger whorls preserved 

on the holotype. On the smallest whorl on the holotype 

(diameter about 3 mm.) are seven somewhat unequal 

spiral ribs of primary strength; between the second 

and third primaries from the top, and between the two 

lowermost primaries, are small secondaries that gradually increase in strength on the succeeding larger whorls 

but fall short of attaining primary strength; a third 

secondary makes its appearance between the third and 

fourth primaries on the antepenultimate whorl, and it 

too gains slowly in strength but remains comparatively 

small. An eighth primary spiral is present on the 

rounded periphery of the body whorl, but its crest appears only as a low ridge just above the suture on the 

earlier whorls; a narrow, shallow depression parallels 

the lower side of this rib on the body whorl. Base 

strongly constricted, very gently convex, smooth with 

the exception of very obscure spiral lining. Growth 

lines obscure. Shell broken away for about 5 mm. back 

of the outer lip of the aperture, which presumably is 

subcircular.

The preceding description is based mainly on the 

holotype, the largest and best preserved of four fragmentary specimens. The three paratypes exhibit individual variations, such as are common among the 

shells of turritelloid species. The largest of the paratypes is flattish on the upper part of the whorl and 

presents a stronger and more numerous development of 

secondary and tertiary spirals. There are seven primary spiral ribs, of which the second anc1 fifth ones 

below the top are the strongest, and the las": one below 

just above the suture is the weakest; secondaries are 

present in all the interspaces, and several very weak 

tertiaries can barely be discerned. The periphery is 

rounded, and the alternation of primary and secondary 

spirals continues over on to the base with diminishing 

strength, dying out a little more than halfway across. 

The advancing callus of the growing shell covers these 

weaker spirals.

Dimensions of the incomplete holotype: Peight 14+ 

mm., diameter 6+ mm.

Compared with Turritella toleri this species has more 

deeply impressed sutures, the whorls are more convex 

on the sides, and the spiral ribs are more numerous and 

offer no suggestion of noding.

The name of this species is derived from "Magnolia," 

one of the nicknames of the State of Mississippi.

Types: Holotype, U. S. N. M. 104095 (T. S. G. S. 

18894) ; one figured paratype, U. S. N. M. 104096 

(U. S. G. S. 18894) ; one unfigured paratype, U. S. N. M.
NEW UPPER CRETACEOUS FOSSILS FROM MISSISSIPPI AND TEXAS 183

104097 (U. S. G. S. 18894); one imfigured paratype, 

U. S. N. M. 104098 (U. S. G. S. 18930).

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet (U. S. G. S. 18894,18930).

Family CERITHIIDAE

Genus CERITHITTM Bruguiere, 1789

"Cerithium" imlayi Stephenson, n. sp.

Plate 33, figures 19-22

Shell of medium size, high-turreted, with spiral angle 

of about 13 °. Protoconch not preserved. Suture closely 

appressed, deeply impressed. Whorls probably 15 or 

more, flatfish on the side, descending gently to the 

sutural depression above and steeply to the depression 

below. Each whorl bears 2 primary spiral lirae of 

medium strength and a third weak spiral just below 

the upper suture. The spirals are crossed by regularly 

spaced axials of medium strength, which number 20 or 

21 on the largest whorl (diameter 5.1 mm.) and decrease 

to about 16 on the smallest whorl preserved (diameter 

1.8 mm.). At each intersection of a primary spiral with 

an axial there is a prominent roundish beadlike node; 

at each intersection of the third weak spiral with an 

axial is a small node elongate in the direction of the 

spiral; the strength of the third spiral, including the 

nodes, varies somewhat on different individuals. The 

periphery of the body whorl, as seen on one of the 

paratypes, bears a prominent, thick, rugged spiral 

ridge; the upper edge of the growing body whorl 

rests against the crest of this ridge with the result 

that the suture does not follow the bottom of the sutural 

depression but lies well up its lower side. Base of shell 

strongly constricted, broadly excavated, crossed by 

rugged growth lines whose trend is rather strongly 

convex toward the aperture. On the side of the whorl 

above the base the growth lines trend obliquely upward 

and backward to the lower primary spiral, thence directly upward to the upper primary spiral, thence obliquely forward to the upper suture line; this indicates 

a deep wide notch in the outer lip of the aperture. The 

aperture appears to be broadly lanceolate with an obtuse 

anal angulation at the rear and a sharply rounded anterior margin. Outer lip broken away; inner lip forming a thin callus, which spreads forward a little on 

the excavated base.

Dimensions of the holotype, which is incomplete at 

both ends: Height 12+mm., diameter at large end 4.4 

mm., diameter ai small end 2.6 mm.

The species is named in honor of Dr. Ralph W. Imlay, 

geologist, IT. S. Geological Survey.

Types: Holotype, -U, S. N. M. 104099 (U. S. G. S. 

18894); two figured paratypes, U. S. N. M. 104100 (U. S. 

G. S. 18894); two imfigured paratypes, U. S. N. M. 

104101 (U. S. G. S. 18894); one unfigured paratype, 

U. S. K M. 104102 (U. S. G. S. 18930).

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, deioth 

2,730-2,750 feet (U. S. G. S. 18894,18930).

"Cerithium" sp. a

Plate 33, figure 23

One fragment of a fairly large whorl appears to 

belong to some member of the Cerithiidae. The sciilpture consists of regularly spaced, rather weak axials 

crossed by four heavily noded spirals, the uppermost 

one, bordering the suture, being a little thicker and 

heavier than the others. The trend of the growth lines 

is concave toward the aperture.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet. U. S. N. M. 104103 (U. S. G. S/18930).

"Cerithium" sp. b

Plate 33, figure 24

Shell small, turreted, with spiral angle of 25°. 

Suture closely appressed, slightly impressed. Whorls 

six or seven (estimated), gradually expanding, flat on 

the sides. Body whorl subobtusely angulated at the 

periphery. Base steep, broadly convex. Body wl orl 

with five rather strong primary spiral ribs, and one 

secondary rib lies between the two uppermost primaries; 

the three uppermost primaries and the secondary rib 

are distinctly noded, the coarseness of the noding be; ng 

proportional to the thickness; the two lowermost primaries are weakly noded. The upper edge of the 

growing body whorl rests against the lower flank of the 

lowermost primary. The outer area of the base bears 

six closely spaced spiral ribs, which are smaller than 

the primaries above and the successive ones of wlich 

decrease in strength inward and die out before reaching the center. Growth lines sinuous, being conver in 

trend toward the front on the base and strongly concave 

in the same direction on the side of the whorl above the 

periphery; the greatest depth of the latter curve is a 

little above the middle of the side.

Dimensions of the one available incomplete shell: 

Height 7+mm., diameter 3.7 mm.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet. U. S. N. M. 104104 (U. S. G. S. 18894).

Family STROMBIDAE

Genus PUGNELLTJS Conrad, 1860

Pugnellus calcaris Stephenson, n. sp.

Plate 33, figures 25-32

Shell medium to large, some fragments indicating a 

size probably twice that of the selected holotype, smooth, 

plump-fusiform in stage immediately preceding that of 

the adult. Spire of medium height, spiral angle on 

the larger whorls about 65°; apical angle about 72°. 

Protoconch a simple smooth trochoid shell of not more
184 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

than two turns. Whorls six, evenly and regularly convex on the side. Suture closely appressed, moderately 

impressed. Body whorl elongated, with a slight, narrow constriction just below the suture, broadly excavated on the base. Growth lines sinuous, being gently 

sinuous low on the body whorl, strongly convex toward 

the aperture higher up toward the periphery, and 

concave in the same direction between the periphery 

and the suture above. Aperture at stage of growth 

shown in plate 33, figure 31, elongate, about three-fifths 

the height of the shell, asymmetrically lanceolate, with 

an acute angle at the rear and an open siphonal canal at 

the front. At this stage the outer lip is broadly arched 

above, becoming broadly concave below. Inner lip 

broadly excavated centrally and forming a thin callus 

on the parietal wall; remnants of this callus present on 

different parts of the shell indicate a general spread of 

the mantle over the exterior. At a shortly subsequent 

stage the outer lip thickens abruptly and puts out a 

short, thick, upturned, slightly twisted, spurlike projection, which bears a thick, round-crested, longitudinal 

ridge on the exterior above its lower border, and a 

narrow, longitudinal channel on its inner surface just 

below its upper border. Some fragments in the collection indicate that adult- shells become much larger, 

perhaps twice as large as the holotype. Although the 

figured specimens do not show an excessive development 

of callus over the exterior of the shell, some fragments 

presumably of this species show a strong growth of 

callus extending up over and completely enveloping the 

spire.

Dimensions of the paratype shown in plate 33, figures 

30, 31: Height about 36 mm., diameter 20 mm.

The species is not closely similar to any described 

species in the American Upper Cretaceous. However, 

one gastropod from water-laid volcanic sandstone exposed in a small area on the west flank of the Prothro 

salt dome, Bienville Parish, La., appears to be specifically identical with this one.

Types: Holotype, U. S. N. M. 101105; 4 figured paratypes, IT. S. N. M. 104106; 30 unfigured rather incomplete paratypes, including also numerous uncounted 

fragments, U. S. N. M. 104107. All these are from the 

part of the core numbered 18894. About a dozen fragments were obtained from the part of the core numbered 

18930 (U.S.N.M. 104108).

Occurrence: Mississippi, Avent No. 1 well, Grenada 

County, depth 2,730-2,750 feet (U. S. G. S. 18894, 

18930).

Louisiana, questionably in water-laid volcanic sandstone exposed on west flank of Prothro salt dome. Bien- 

•ville Parish (U. S. G. S. 11227,12870).

Family PYROPSIDAE

Genus HERCORHYNCUS Conrad, 1869

Hercorhyncus? sp.

Plate 33, figures 41, 42

This species is represented by 1 very incomplete 

shell, which includes part of the body whorl and a 

small part of the penultimate whorl. The shell is fusiform with an elongated body whorl and a spire of moderate height. Collar well developed, belov^ which the 

body whorl bears an estimated 9 or 10 short, thick axials, 

which from below upward are slightly oblique toward 

the rear; they end above at the shoulder in a blunt, illdefined node and die out downward on the upper part 

of the basal slope. The base bears 4 ratl Qr strongly 

flattish-topped spirals separated by wider interspaces; 

above these spirals are several weaker spirals which become progressively more obscure upward and can barely 

be detected on the upper part of the body whorl; below 

the strong spirals are 2 or 3 obscure spirals. Growth 

lines sinuous, following the trend of the rib^ to the edge 

of the shoulder, thence bending strongly forward across 

the shoulder and collar to the suture. Aperture rather 

wide above, passing anteriorly into a moderately long, 

somewhat twisted canal. Outer lip thin, arched, subangular at the intersection with the shoulder. Inner 

lip broadly excavated, forming a thin callus on the parietal wall. Columella smooth.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, 

depth 2,730-2,750 feet, U. S. N. M. 104109 (U. S. G. S. 

18894).

Family PALADMETIDAE

Genus PAIADMETE Gardner, 1916 

Paladmete caveola Stephenson, n. sp. , 

Plate 33, figures 33^36

This species is based on four specimens, one, the holotype, a medium-sized, nearly complete shell, one an 

incomplete adult, and two young individuals.

Shell of medium size, plump, low spire, with spiral 

angle of about 70°. Protoconch not preserved. Suture 

closely appressed, deeply impresed. Whorls 5 in the 

adult, broadly rounded on the side, with narrow, slightly excavated shoulder dipping gently inward to the 

suture and rounding sharply over to the st&yp side. Periphery of body whorl rounding over to the constricted 

base, with a weak suggestion of an obtuse angulation. 

Body whorl of adult ornamented with*15 round-crested 

axials, which, from below upward, cross th?, side of the 

whorl to the edge of the shoulder, thence bending sharply forward die out quickly about halfway across the
NEW UPPER CRETACEOUS FOSSILS FROM MISSISSIPPI AND TEXAS 185

narrow shoulder; the axials fade out rather abruptly 

below where they intersect the periphery. The axials 

number 14 on the penultimate and 12 on the antepenult 

whorl; the number of axials on the body whorl of the 

large adult is estimated to be 23. The body whorl of 

the holotype bears about 10 small, obscure spirals, 

which are smallest and most closely spaced above near 

the shoulder; on and just below the periphery is a group 

of 4 spirals, which are stronger and more widely spaced 

than those above; the base below this group is smooth. 

Aperture broadly sublanceolate, with a very wide subobtuse angle at the rear, and a short, slightly twisted, 

wide open siphonal canal in the front.

The nearly complete holotype measures: Height 

10.3+ mm., diameter 7 mm. The best preserved of the 

two young shells measures: Height 3.7+ mm., diameter 

2.8 mm. The diameter of the large, incomplete adult 

is about 12 mm.

Compared with Paladmete cancellaria (Conrad), the 

genotype, this species has a more twisted and narrower 

siphonal canal, a much weaker development of spiral 

ribs, more numerous and more regularly spaced axial 

ribs, and a narrower and less steeply sloping shoulder; 

there is also only a slight tendency toward the development of varices in this species.

Types: Holotype, U. S. N. M. 104110 (U. S. G. S. 

18894); one figured paratype, U. S. N. M. 104111 

(U. S. G. S. 18894) ; o'ne unfigured paratype, U. S. N. M. 

104112 (U. S. G. S. 18894) ; one figured paratype, 

U. S. N. M. 104113 (U. S. G. S. 18930).

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet (U. S. G. S. 18894,18930).

Paladmete? sp.

Plate 33, figures 37, 38

One small, well-preserved gastropod, apparently a 

very young individual, questionably referred to Paladmete, has a spire of medium height, plump, evenly 

rounded whorls, and an aperture about equal in length 

to the height of the spire. Protoconch small, smooth, 

trochoid. Suture moderately impressed. The upper 

part of the body whorl bears 25 or more closely spaced 

axial ribs of uniform size, and the penultimate whorl is 

similarly ribbed. No spirals observed. Perimeter of

body whorl broadly rounded. Aperture acutely angular at rear, broadly rounded on front margin.

Dimensions: Height 1.5 mm., diameter 0.9 mm.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, 

depth 2,730-2,750 feet. U. S. N. M. 104114 (U. S. G. S. 

18894).

Family FUSIDAE

Genus FUSINUS Kafinesque, 1815

"Fusinus" sp.

Plate 33, figures 39, 40

One small gastropod exhibits shell characters that 

would seem to justify its reference to a new genus. 

It is, however, incomplete and is probably juvenile and 

is" therefore hardly adequate to serve as the typ^ of 

either a genus or a species.

Spire rather low with spiral angle of about 68°. Protoconch not preserved. Whorls about 3, rapidly expanding. Body whorl with 2 prominent, unequal 

spiral ribs, the smaller one at the periphery and the 

larger one, which is high and sharp-crested, about halfway between the periphery and the suture above. The 

small rib is engulfed by the upper border of the advancing body whorl and is not exposed on the earlier 

whorls. Between, above, and below the 2 ribs the 

surface is covered with small obscure lirae. The space 

between the 2 prominent spirals is crossed by submerged 

fairly regular axials (estimated 16 on the body whorl), 

which are inclined slightly forward and are separated by 

wider interspaces; these axials ascend the lower slope 

of the large spiral rib and form low nodes on its crest. 

On the base the growth lines are slightly convex toward 

the front in trend. Between the spirals they follow the 

trend of the axials, and above the upper spiral they 

trend obliquely forward to the suture. Aperture rather 

broadly lanceolate, obtusely subangular at the rear; 

the anterior part of the shell is broken away, but the 

nearly straight columella suggests either a short siphonal canal or a sharply rounded or angular terminus. 

Outer lip broadly arched, angular at the intersection of 

the large spiral. Inner lip broadly excavated above at 

the parietal wall. Dimensions of the incomplete sHll: 

Height 3.5 + mm., diameter 2.6 mm.

Occurrence: Avent No. 1 well, Grenada County, depth 

2,730-2,750 feet. U. S. N. M. 104115 (U. S. G. S. 188^4).

PAET 2. A NEW VENERICARDIA FROM UVALDE COUNTY, TEXAS

INTRODUCTION

The new species of bivalve mollusk here described 

under the name Venencardm uvaldana is part of an 

unrecorded fauna mainly of pelecypods and gastropods, 

but including echinoicls, bryozoans, and other organisms, from a locality on Nueces Eiver about 0.3 

mile upstream from the Southern Pacific R. R. bridge,

7 miles northwest of Uvalde, Uvalde County^ Tex. 

(U. S. G. S. 15340, 16152, 16172, 16177). When the 

first collection was made in May 1930 the fossil-bearing 

rock was well-exposed low in the left bank and in the 

immediately adjacent dry bed of the River. lit 1932 

the rock was still exposed essentially as it was in 1930. 

When the locality was visited again in 1941, stream
186 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1946

erosion had cut the bank back toward the east a distance 

of fully 75 feet, and the site of the fossil-bearing rock 

had become covered by the shifting gravel of the river 

bed.

The rock that yielded Ve-Tiencardia y/valdana and its 

numerous associated fossils consists of soft brownishyellow marl and limestone; samples of the marl are 

highly calcareous and react vigorously to cold dilute 

hydrochloric acid. This rock formed part of a jumbled 

mass of marl, limestone, and weathered, tuffaceous . 

water-laid volcanic material at that time poorly exposed to a height of 3 or 4 feet above the bed of the 

river along a linear distance'of 200 feet or more. Some 

of the fossil shells are partly or wholly silicified as the 

result of the circulation of silica-bearing waters within 

the mass; the silica that replaced the calcium carbonate 

has taken the form of closely packed rosettes of chalcedony. The fauna is interpreted to indicate that the 

containing rock formed part -of the Anacacho limestone 

(Upper Cretaceous). A few fossils found in chalky 

limestone indicate that part of the mass belonged to the 

Austin chalk (Upper Cretaceous), and there was inconclusive fossil evidence that the Grayson marl (Del Rio) 

of the upper part of the Comanche series might be represented in the mixture. These Cretaceous rocks were 

overlain by 25 feet or more of alluvial terrace gravel and 

loam of Pleistocene age.

The Anacacho age of the brownish-yellow marl and 

limestone, which yielded the major portion of the fauna, 

was at first not suspected. It seemed from the geographic and hypsographic position of the exposed mass 

that it should not include rocks younger than the Austin 

chalk. The fauna is made up mainly of undescribed 

species. However, certain species that appear to be 

identical with species in the Anacacho limestone, 

notably two undescribed echinoids, are accepted as indicating the Anacacho age of the fauna. One of the 

Anacacho echinoids is a Hemiaster from a locality on 

the Grosenbacher road 1.2 miles southeast of Potranco 

school, Bexar County (U. S. G. S. 17990), and the other 

is an Echinobrissu* (U. S. G. S. 7709) from Sabinal 

River a few hundred yards downstream from the Southern Pacific R. R. bridge, a mile west of Sabinal, Uvalde 

County (U. S. G. S. 7709).-

The geologic conditions in Uvalde County and adjacent areas have been described by Vaughan (1900, 

pp. 1-7, maps) and later by Lonsdale (1927, pp. 15-35, 

103-110,124-126, pi. 1), Getzendaner (1931, pp. 93-111, 

fig. 10), and Sayre (1936, pp. 21-32,53-58, pi. 1). These 

writers have shown that during and following Cretaceous time a broad area in the vicinity of Uvalde, frequently spoken of as the Uvalde uplift (see geologic 

map of Texas, 1937), was uplifted and subjected to intensive intrusive and extrusive volcanic activity. This 

is indicated at many places by sills, stocks, larger masses 

of basic igneous rocks, and water-laid tuffaceous rock,

and by many faults which cut and displace the sedimentary rocks of the area; columnar lava is well-developed in some of the stocks. If there had not been disturbances of this sort one would not expect to find an 

exposure of the Anacacho limestone at the locality on 

Nueces River described above. However, in view of the 

known dislocations in the area, some of Ydiich have 

operated to raise the rocks above and sorre to lower 

them below their otherwise normal positions, the presence of the Anacacho at the place indicated may be 

readily accounted for by downfaulting, by collapse of 

the rocks in sinks connected with limestones of the 

Comanche series, which underlie the Uvalde area, or by 

other structural disturbances associated with the igneous activity. The exact stratigraphic position of the 

fossiliferous brownish-yellow limestone within the 

Anacacho limestone is not determined, but it probably 

belongs near the base of that unit.

My purpose in describing the species, Venerwardia 

uvaldana, at this time is to facilitate comparison with 

the closely analogous species, F. siibterrea, from depths 

of 3,931 to 3,937 feet and 3,970 to 3,980 feet in the well 

of Baker, Ridgway, et al., McRae No. 1, in Hinds 

County, Miss. (See p. 167.) The two species are so 

closely similar in form and ornamentation as to suggest 

approximate, though not necessarily exact, synchroneity 

of the containing rocks at the two widely separated 

localities.

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION

Phylum MOLLTJSCA

Class PELECYPODA

Order TELEODESMACEA

Family CARDITIDAE

Genus VEWERICARDIA Lamarck, 1801

Venericardia uvaldana Stephenson, n. gp.

Plate 31, figures 47-50

Shell of medium size and inflation, thick-walled, subcircular in outline, subequilateral, equivalve; a broad, 

gentle radial swell passes from the beak to the middle 

of the ventral margin. Beaks prominent, incurved, prosogyrate, approximate, situated a little in advance of 

the midlength. Greatest inflation about midway of the 

length, above the midheight, from which point the surface rounds off broadly to the margins in all directions, 

except toward the dorsal slopes, which, near the beaks, 

are steep and overhanging. Lunule small, short, outlined by a deeply incised groove, which widens noticeably toward the distal end. Escutcheon wanting. Surface cancellated by radial ribs and concentric grooves. 

The radial ribs number 32 on the holotype and are 

broadly curved in trend with the concave side toward 

the front; they are flattish-topped and are separated by
NEW UPPER CRETACEOUS FOSSILS FROM MISSISSIPPI AND TEXAS 187

deep, much narrower interspaces; the ribs are coarsest 

on the anterior half of the surface and become progressively narrower and more crowded toward the rear. 

The concentric grooves are much narrower and shallower than the radial interspaces and are so spaced as 

to cut the surface into squarish and rectangular, flattishtopped nodes.

Dimensions of the holotype, a left valve: Length 25 

mm., height 27 mm., convexity 9 mm. A smaller specimen measures: Length 19.6 mm., height 20 mm., convexity 6.8 mm.

The ligamental groove is narrow and is rather deeply 

submerged beneath a sharp, overhanging margin. The 

nymph is very narrow and deeply submerged. The 

hinge is heavy for the size of the shell. On the left 

valve are two cardinal teeth; the anterior cardinal is 

short, thick, trigonal, prominent, and faintly striated 

in the direction of movement on the anterior and posterior faces; the posterior cardinal is long, narrow, 

strongly oblique, broadly arched in trend, finely striated on the sides in the direction of movement; the 

cardinals are separated by a wide, deep, oblique, elongated trigonal socket. A squeeze made from the hinge 

of the left valve indicates the presence of a large medial 

cardinal in the right valve with the anterior and posterior cardinals so much reduced as to be practically obsolete. On the hinge plate just below the distal end 

of the groove delineating the lunule is a short, distinct 

protuberance which may function as a weak pseudolateral. Adductor scars of medium size, subequal, situated high in the shell. Pallial line entire. Inner margin 

strongly crenulated, the indentations marking the ends 

of the radial ribs.

Compared with Venericardia siibterrea (p. 167, pi. 31, 

figs. 34-37, of this paper), the species is a little more 

convex, has a stronger development of the surface ornamentation, a somewhat larger lunule, and a broader 

and less oblique anterior cardinal tooth in the left valve; 

the lunule, though larger and less steep, is of the same 

sort as in subterrea. The two species are closely related.

Types: Holotype, a left valve, U. S. N. M. 103981; 

nine paratypes, including a medium-sized left valve, 

three juvenile left valves, four internal molds, two of 

which are of right and two of left valves, and one incomplete external mold of a right valve, U. S. N. M. 

103982.

Occurrence: Bed of Nueces River, 0.3 mile upstream 

from the bridge of the Southern Pacific R. R., Uvalde 

County, Tex. (U. S. G. S. 15340).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

DANE, C. H., Upper Cretaceous formations of southwestern Arkansas : Arkansas Geol. Survey Bull. 1, 215 pp., 29 pis., 1929.

GARDNER, JULIA A., The nomenclature of the superspecific groups

of Corlula in the lower Miocene of Florida: Nautilus, vol. 40,

No. 2, pp. 41-47, 1926. 

GETZENDANEB, F. M., Uvalde County: [Texas Univ., Bur. Econ.

Geology], Min. Res. Texas, pp. 93-111, figs. 10, 11, 1931. 

HOWELL, B. F., Hamulus, "Falcula," and other Cretaceous Tubicola of New Jersey: Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Proc., vol.

95, pp. 139-166, pis. 19, 20, 1943. 

HULL, J. P. D., Prothro salt dome, Bienville Parish, La.: Am.*

Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 904-906,

1925. 

LONSDALB, J. R., Igneous rocks of the Balcones fault region of

Texas: Texas Univ. Bull. 2744, 178 pp., 9 pis., 1927. 

MONBOE, W. H., Pre-Tertiary rocks from deep wells at Jackson,

Miss.: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 17, No. 1,

pp. 38-51, 1933. 

MONBOE, W. H., and TOLEB, H. N., The Jackson gas field ard the

State deep test well: Mississippi Geol. Survey Bull. 36, 52 pp.,

frontispiece, 1 pi:, 5 figs., 1937. 

MORTON, S. G., Synopsis of the organic remains of the Creta°eous

group of the United States, 88 pp., 19 pis., 1834. 

Ross, C. S., MISEB, H. D., and STEPHENSON, L. W., Water-laii volcanic rocks of early Upper Cretaceous age in southwestern

Arkansas, southeastern Oklahoma, and northeastern T?xas:

U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 154-F, pp. 175-202, 1929. 

RUSSEXJL, R. D., Cretaceous outcrops in Louisiana: Oil, vol. 1,

No. 2, pp. 32-34, 1941. 

SATBB, A. N., Geology and ground-water resources of Uvald^ and

Medina Counties, Tex.: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper

678,146 pp., 11 pis., 1936. 

SPOONEB, W. C., Interior salt domes of Louisiana: Am. Assoc.

Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 217-292, 1926. 

STEPHENSON, L. W., Cretaceous formations of North Carolina,

with supplemental chapter on decapod crustaceans, by Mary

J. Rathbun: North Carolina Geol. Survey, vol. 5, 604 pp. 102

pis., 1923.

——, Upper Cretaceous fossils from Georges Bank (including 

species from Banquereau, Nova Scotia) : Geol. Soc. America 

Bull., vol. 47, pp. 367-412, 5 pis., 1936.

——, The larger invertebrate fossils of the Navarro group of 

Texas: Texas Univ. Pub. 4101, 641 pp., 95 pis., 1941.

——, Ftilpia, a new Upper Cretaceous bivalve niollusk from 7?exas

and Maryland: Jour. Paleontology, vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 6q-71,

pi. 12, 1946. 

STEPHENSON, L. W., and MONROE, W. H., The Upper Cretaceous

deposits: Mississippi Geol. Survey Bull. 40, 266 pp., 15 pis.,

1940. 

VAUGHAN, T. W., U. S. Geol. Survey Geol. Atlas, Uvalde folio

(No. 64), 7 pp., maps, 1900. 

VAUGHAN,. T. W., and COLE, W. S., Cretaceous orbitoidal Foraminifera from the Gulf States and Central America: Nat.

Acad. Sci. Proc., vol. 18, No. 10, pp. 609-616, 2 pis., 1932.

—•—, A restudy of the foraminiferal genera Pseudorbitoides and

Vaughani-na: Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 97-100, pis.

17, 18, 1943. 

VOKES, H. E., Molluscan faunas of the Domengine and Arroyo

Hondo formations of the California Eocene: New York Acad.

Sci. Annals, vol. 38, 246 pp., 22 pis., 1939.

——, Protodonautt, a new Cretaceous molluscan genus: Jour.

Paleontology, vol. 19,.No. 3, pp. 295-308, pis. 46, 47, 1945. 

WADE, BRUOE, The fauna of the Ripley formation on Coon C"eek,

Tenn.: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 137, 272 pp., 72 pis., 1926.

PLATES 31-33

189
^PLATE 31 

Fossils from the Avent well, Grenada County, Miss.

FIGURES 1, 2. Serpula sp. (p. 169). Tubes, X 2 (U. S. G. S. 18980; U. S. N. M. 104012). 

FIGURES 3, 4. Harnulus onyx Morton (p. 169).

3. Incomplete tube, X 2 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104014),

4. Incomplete tube, X 2 (U. S. G. S. 18930; U. S. N. M. 104014a).

FIGURES 5-7. Hamulusf sp. (p. 170). Operculum, X 2 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104016). 

FIGURE 8. Membranipora, sp. (p. 170). A poorly preserved specimen, X 3 (U. S. G. S. 18930; U. S. N. M. 104017). 

FIGURES 9, 10. Nucula nulla n. sp. (p. 170). Holotype, X 3% (U. S. G. S. 18894 ; U. S. N. M. 104018). - 

FIGURE 11. Barbatiaf sp. (p. 171). A poorly preserved right valve, X 1% (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104021). 

FIGURES 12, 13. Bremarca sp. (p. 171). Exterior and interior of left valve, X 2 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104023). 

FIGURES 14-16. Trigonarca munda n. sp. (p. 171).

14. Holotype, a left valve, X 1 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104024).

15,16. Top and interior views of holotype, X 1%.

Fossils from the McRae well, Hinds County, Miss. (U. S. G. S. 18884)

FIGURE 17. Madreporaria (p. 164). A fragment, X 4 (U. S. N. M. 103984). 

FIGURES 18,19. Crinoidea (p. 165).

18. Fragment of column, X 5 (U. S. N. M. 103985).

19. Cross section of same column, X 10. 

FIGURES 20,21. Bryozoa (Cheilostom-ata) (p. 165).

20. Fragment, X 4 (U. S. N. M. 103987).

21. Inner surface of wall, X 4 (U. S. N. M. 103987).

FIGURE 22. Barbatiaf sp. (p. 165). Left valve, X 5 (U. S. N. M. 103988). 

FIGURES 23-26. Vetoarca hindsana, n. sp. (p. 165).

23, 24. Exterior and interior of paratypes, left valves, X 2 (U. S. N. M. 103990).

25, 26. Exterior and interior of holotype, a left valve, X 2 (U. S. N. M. 103989). 

FIGURES 27-29. Postligata monroei n. sp. (p. 166).

27. Right valve of holotype, X 3 (U. S. N. M. 103992).

28. Top view of holotype, X 3.

29. Interior of a paratype, a right valve (U. S. N. M. 103994). 

FIGURE 30. Inoc&ramus sp. (p. 166). Right valve, X iy2 (U. S. N. M. 103997).

FIGURES 31-33. Anomia microlirae n. sp. (p. 167). Views of the holotype, X 3 and X 6 (U. S. N. M. 103998). 

FIGURES 34-37. Venericardia subterrea n. sp. (p. 167).

34-36. Views of the holotype, a left valve, X iy2 (p. 167) (U. S. N. M. 104001).

37. Hinge of the right valve of a paratype, X 3 (p. 167) (U. S. N. M. 104000). 

FIGURE38. Teneaf sp. (p. 168). Right valve, X 7 (U. S. N. M. 104005). 

FIGUBB39. Turritella sp. (p. 168). A fragment, X 6 (U. S'. N. M. 104006). 

FIGURE 40. "CeritMum" sp. (p. 168). A small fragment, X 5 (U. S. N. M. 104008).

FIGURES 41, 42. Odostomia nvcra&i n. sp. (p. 168). Holotype, back and front views, X 6 (U. S. N. M. 104009). 

FIGURES 43-46. Undetermined species of algae (p. 169).

43, 44. Fragments of stems showing tubercles, X 12 (U. S. N. M. 104010).

45, 46. Views of a fragment showing constriction at joint, and cross section, X 10; part below joint subsequently broken off 

and lost (U. S. N. M. 104010).

A new Venericardia from Uvalde County, Tex. (U. S. G. S. 15340)

FIGURES 47-50. Venericardia uvaldana n. sp. (p. 186).

47-49. Views of the holotype, a left valve, X 1% (U. S. N. M. 103981). 

50. A squeeze made from the hinge of the holotype, X iy2 (U. S. N. M. 103983). 

190
GEOLOGICAL SVKVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 31

FOSSILS FROM THE AVENT AND McRAE WELLS ^ MISSISSIPPI, AMJ A NKW V EINKRICA.Rl>l\ FROM UVALDE

COUNTY, TKX.
PLATE 32

FIGURE 1. Tellinaf sp. a (p. 177). Left valve, X 4 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104059). 

FIGURE 2. Tellina sp. B (p. 177). Eight valve, X 3 (U. S. G. S. 18830 : u. S. N. M. 104062). 

FIGURES 3, 4. Tellina sp. c (p. 177). Right valve, X 2 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104065). 

FIGURES 5-8. Tellina harrelli n. sp. (p. 176).

5,6. Holotype, a right valve, X 3 (p. 176) (U. S. G. S. 18930; U. S. N. M. 104055).

7, 8. Incomplete paratype, a left valve, X 3 (p. 176) (U. S. G. S. 18930; U. S. N. M. 104056). 

FIGURE 9. Linearia sp. (p. 177). Incomplete right valve, X 4 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104068). 

FIGURE 10. Protodonax sp. (p. 178). Left valve, X 4 (U. S. G. g. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104069). 

FIGURES 11-13: Caryocorbula mississippiana n. sp. (p. 179).

11,12. Holotype, a right valve, X 2 (U. g. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104072).

13. A paratype, a right valve, X 2 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104073). 

FIGURES 14-16. Caryocorbula morsel n. sp. (p. 179).

14,15. Holotype, a right valve, X 2 (U. S. G. S. 18930; U. S. N. M. 104075).

16. Paratype, a right valve, X 3 (U. S. G. S. 18930; U. S. N. M. 104076).

FIGURE 17. Caryocorlula sp. a (p. 180). Left valve, X 2 (U. S'. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104078). 

FIGURES 18-20. Aphrodina sp. (p. 176).

18, 19. Incomplete right valve, X 1 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104054).

20. Incomplete left valve showing hinge, X 3 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104054). 

FIGUBES 21-25. Crassatella subterrestris n. sp. (p. 174).

21. 22. Holotype, a right valve, X 2 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104044).

23. A paratype, a young right valve, X 3 (U. S. G. S. 18930; U. S. N1. M. 104046).

24. 25. Views of a complete young shell, X 5 (U. S. G. S. 18930; U. S. N. M. 104046).

FIGURES 26, 27. Spisula brevis n. sp. (p. 178). Holotype, an incomplete right valve, X 3 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104070) 

FIGURE28. Etea? sp. (p. 174). Left valve, X 3 (U. S. G. S. 18930; U. S. N. M. 104043).

FIGURES 29,30. Fulpiaf suUrigona n. sp. (p. 176). Holotype, a right valve, X 2 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104052). 

FIGURES 31-33. Postligata aventi n. sp. (p. 172).

31, 32. Holotype, a right valve, X 2 (U. S. G. S. 18930; U. S. N. M. 104025).

33. A paratype, a left valve, X 4 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104026). 

FIGURES34-36. Cardium (Trachycardium) grenadense n. sp. (p. 175).

34. Holotype, a left valve, X 2 (p. 175) (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104048).

35. 36. Paratypes, left and right valves to show hinges, X 2 (p. 175) (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104049). 

FIGURE 37. Inooeramus sp. (p. 173). Right valve, X 1 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104030). 

FIGURES38-40. Anomia acutilinearis n. sp. (p. 174).

38. Holotype, a left valve, X 3 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104039).

39. 40. Paratypes, X 3 and X 5 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104040). 

FIGURES 41-43. Pecten (Camptonectes) sp. (p. 173).

41. Fragment of left valve, X 3 (U. S. G. S. 18930; U. S. N. M. 104035).

42. 43. Fragments of a right and a left valve, X 3 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104036).

192
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 32

38 -*Wii^^ 39

FOSSILS FROM THE AVENT WELL 1^ MlSSISSfPPI.
PLATE 33

FIGURES 1-3. Nerita nodosa n. sp. (p. 180). Views of the holotype, x 4 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104085).

FIGURES 4-6. Nerita denticulata n. sp. (p. 181). Views of the holotype, X 4 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104088).

FIGURES 7, 8. Natica sp. (p. 181). Back and front views, X 2 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104090).

FIGURES 9,10. Natica? sp. (p. 181). Back and front views, X 6 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104091).

FIGURES 11,12. Melanella (Eulimaf) parva n. sp. (p. 181) . Back and front views of the holotype, X 5 (U. S. G. S. 18894; N. S. N. M.

104089).

FIGURES 13-15. Turritella toleri n. sp. (p. 182). Views of the holotype, X 3 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104092). 

FIGURES 16-18. Turritella maanoliana n. sp. (p. 182).

16,17. Back and front views of the holotype, X 3 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104095).

18. Fragment of a paratype, X 3 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104096). 

FIGURES 19-22. "CeritMum" imlayi n. sp. (p. 183).

19. Holotype, X 3 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104099).

20-22. Views of two paratypes, X 3 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104100). 

FIGURE 23. "CeritMum" sp. a (p. 183). A fragment, X 4 (U. S. G. S. 18930; U. S. N. M. 104103). 

FIGURE24. "CeritMum" sp. 6 (p. 183). A young incomplete specimen, X 4 (U. S. G. S. 18884; U. S. N. M. 104104). 

FIGURES 25-32. Pugnellus caloaris n. sp. (p. 183).

25, 26. Front and back views of the holotype, X 1 (U. S. G. S. 18894 ; U. S. N. M..104105).

27-32. Paratypes (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104106).

27. Back view of an adult, X 1.

28. 2.9. Front and back views of expanded lip and spur, X 1.

30, 31. Front and back views of a shell at stage just preceding the expansion of the outer lip, X 1- 

32. Apex of a young shell, X 5. 

FIGURES 33-36. Paladmete caveola n. sp. (p. 184).

33,34. Back and front views of the holotype, X 3 (U. S. G. S. 188B4; U. S. N. M. 104110).

35. A larger incomplete paratype, X 2 (U. S. G. S. 1^894; U. S. N. M. 104111).

36. A young paratype, X 5 (U. S. G. S. 18930; U. S. N. M. 104113).

FIGURES.37, 38. Paladmete? sp. (p. 185). Back and front views, X 10 (U. S. G. S. 18894 ; U. S. N. M. 104114). 

FIGURES 39, 40. "Fusinus" sp. (p. 185). Front and back views, X 6 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104115). 

FIGURES 41, 42. Hercorhyneus? sp. (p. 184). Front and back views, X 3 (U. S. G. S. 18894; U. S. N. M. 104109).

194
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 210 PLATE 33

X4-

X4 X4

35 ^^ 36 -4^^ Ai) 41

FOSSILS FROM THE A\ E^T WELL IN MISSISSIPPI.

INDEX

Page 

acutilinearisn. sp., Anomia.__._.-______............................ 167,174,pi. 32

alabamiensis, Caryocorbula___—_ — —— ——____ — _ —______ — —_______. 179

Corbula----- ---- —— --.------------- —— --.--____--_ — —— —— _ —— 179

Anomia acutilinearis n. sp.-__..----_.............._....._________ 167,174, pi. 32

microlirae n. sp.--.-...- —— .. — —— -_- —— ___. ——_._ — __-__ 167,pi. 31 

Anomiidae... ______--_._____---__-_____--_-__-__-____--_____.-- 167,174

Anthozoa...--——.---_ — - — -- — — -__ — — _ ——— — ——— — __—_ — ____ 164-165

Aphrodinasp__..__—— __ — -__ __—_ — — - — _________._.__._____ 176,pi. 32

Arcidae—..._.__._-----_____-.__._____._.._._.__._....._____......_ 165-166,171-172

aventin. sp., Postligata—-- — — — --_.__ — -_...___.._._._____._____. 172,pi. 32

B 

barabini, Inoceramus—._._._____._-__-__.______-.-___._._____.......__. 173

Barbatia?sp...- —— .I-- — ---- — ---- — — - — ---- — -- —— -- 165,171,pi. 31

Breviarca congesta-——--- — -_ — ---__ — — ___.————___ — — . — — — —-___. 171

SP—-—— — — - —— ---- — -- — — . — -- — .- — — — - — .- 171, pi. 31

brevisn. sp., Spisula.— —— — — — — —— — - —— -_- — — _____... 178-179,pi. 32

Bryozoa.____ — _— — _— ______——__ —________-_—_ — ____________..__ 165,170

calcaris n. sp., Pugnellus..............._____.....__.__... 164,183-184,pi. 33

Camptonectes___.______._.______.._..___......................!.... 173-174

cancellaria, Paladmete__—---_-_---.______--..-_____-..___-....___._.......__ 185

Cardiidae——-- —— -------- — -- — --- —— -_-----_-- — — .-- — __ 175-176

Carditidae.—————— — ———„ — — „_ ———_. — . 167-168,18&-187

Cardium (Trachycardium) grenadense n. sp.----._-___ — __-__ — 164,175-176,pi. 32

Caryocorbula alabamiensis________._______..._____..____.._._____..._._______ 179

mississippiana n. sp__._..___ —_______ __ — _____ — ____ — _ —__ — _._._ 179, pi. 32

morsel n. sp._.-.------.--------_ — ----__ — --____ — __- — --____ — __ 179-180, pi. 32

osynema.---..---- —------ — ---------------------..--•-- — -.-.--...___. 180

sp. fl- . — ..- — _--- — — -- — -- — —.._--__ 1- ................... 180

ap. 6_ 

sp. c. 

sp. d.

.-..-.-- — . — --....--..- — .-.-..-.- — — ....-. — .... 180

— ..- — —— — — — . — — ——— — - — - — — — — — ——— 180

.-.. — — — --- — ....---.. — --.... — .-.- — .,.- — -.... 180

caveolan. sp., Paladmete—-.—_______........ ____________________ 184-185, pi. 33

Cerithlidae——..— — --- — — ---- — — — . — - — -... — -.—— 168,183

"Cerithium" imlayi n. sp.....—-.-___-.--____-..______.____-_.._________ 183, pi. 33

sp——. ——— - — ---- —— -------- — -- — - — --- — ---, — -------- 168, pi. 31

sp.'o................ — . — -.-.- — .... — .-...--..- — ....--.. 183, pi. 33

sp. 6_ ..........-....-.--... — ...- — - — .-...-—-..-..-...... 183,pi. 33

CheUostomata---. ...--....--......-......^................................. 165,170

Cnidaria——--- — ------- — ------------ — — -__---_ — --____-- 164-165

congesta, Breviarca——.__._._______._____..___...._._.___.__________ 171

Corbulaalabamiensis-.—- ———_--_-__-_ — _ — __ — _—____ — .___ — . — __-.____ 179

mississippiana--- — — — -__-—--____ — __-_ — __-____ —_-_ — — ___-__...... 180

subgibbosa.-....---—.--_.__.-.-..-.-_.._...................... 197

(Corbula) sulcata_-____---_____--____---___-___--_-_________-______._._. 179

Corbulidae...-.--.------------------------------------------------------.- 179-180

Crassatellasubterrestris n. sp_.__—__—^___ — _......___'_......... 174-175,pi. 32

vadosa._-_---..--—___--..___.-—_______________________________________ 175

Craasatellidae.--..- —— -----------------------.-.-----------.---.-- 174-175

crenata, Postligata_....——-..-'--..__.---_.----._............._____ 166

Crinoidea____._____._....______._____________ 165

Cucullaea.....-.....--.-.-.--------_---.-_-_----_--.____---.-..-.-...-_--.-. 172

cuvierii, Inoceramus.--...—......__....—...._._.._____..___ 173

D 

Dentaliidae..__._......—..—..„...-....——_......—......_.. 180

Dentalium sp________._..._...____._______.._____ 180 

denticulata n. sp., Nerita.-.,__.._________-..._.-_____ 181, pi. 33 

Donacidae_...._....---.---.-------.---.--.-_--_--.---_----_----.._-.---.. 178

dufresnii, Melanella.---..—------_.-...__._____.—__._...___ 181

E 

Echinobrissus___-------_____.-..__________________ 186

Etea? sp—..--.-———————.———.——.—....—.-— 174, pl._32

Exogyra?sp_----------——...—.—..._ ............i................... 173

Fulpia? subtrigona n. sp_.__..___.___._.___.__.____ 176, pi. 32 

Fusidae———.————————————————————— .185

"Fusinus" sp__.---.-_._......_..........__..___..--...... 185, pi. 33

G

Page 

Gastropoda......................................................... 168-169, lfO-185

greenensis, Postligata_____.______...t.__________________ 166

grenadense n. sp., Cardium (Trachycardium) __________ 164, 175-176, pi. 32

H

Hamulusonyx__.______...._._____..._______i__ 164, 169-170, pi. 31 

sp..—...........................................................j.. 170, pi. 31

harreUin. sp., Tellina..._.-......-.....-..........—..-.-........__176-177, pi. 32

Hemiaster_____._________________________.______ 186 

Hercorhyncus? sp____.______....______._________ 184, pi. 33

Hexacoralla.____._^_____________.________._____ 164-165 

hindsana n. sp., Vetoarca___._________'. _____--._-162,165-166, pi. 31

imbricata, Venericardia___________._______________ 167

Venus._____________._________________._____ 167

imlayi n. sp., "Cerithium"._______________________ 183, pi. 33

Inoceramus barabini_______.....______________...___ 173 

cuvierii._______________.________________._____ 173 

sp..—....—— — — ———— ——— ——— ,——— - — 162,164, 166-167,173, pis. 31, 32

israelski, Pseudorbitoides_______________.______...___ 163

K 

Kirk, Edwin, cited———————————_———.—————————— ——— 165

Lineariasp.__.______.________.____.___..__.. 177-178, pi. 32 

Linnaean Society, proceedings, quotation from_.... — ——_-.---_——.... 173

M

maconensis, Trigonarca_____.__..._____..._______. 165 

Mactrldae—.—.—-.-——.—————......—.———.————.- 17M79

Madreporaria_-.---..__.___.__..____—————. ——— '........ le^-ies

magnolianan. sp., Turritella_________________.—.... 182-183, pi. 33

mcraein. sp., Odostomia____________..._-__-.--..__. 168-169, pi. 31 

Melanella dufresnii.__..__--.._.-._.--..____.__._________. 181 

(Eulima?) parva n. sp_________.___,__-________.. 181, pi. 33 

Melanellidae- —_..--_.__._..--_...__--._——.--...————.. 181 

Membranipora sp.__.__.______....___—.....—..„__.. 170, pi. 31

Membraniporidae-.---________._...____..__-__ —.__..__ 170 

microlirae n. sp., Anomia.-..______._.________-_._..___ 167, pi. 31

mississippiana, Corbula...._._._..-...---.._-.-.-.----.-.--._ — --.... 180

mississippiana n. sp., Caryocorbula-___......_.--.-----.------..--•- 179, r'. 32

monroein. sp., Postligata-._____-__..... — ..__..._.. 162, 166, 172, p). 31

morsein. sp., Caryocorbula--._________...____-..._-... 179-180, pi. 32 

mundan. sp., Trigonarca.___-______.__. — ____.-___ — --_ 171-172, pi. 31

Mytilidae-- ————— ——— — —— ———————— —————— 174

N 

"Natica," unidentified specimens of__._.-..-----..----'-..------ —.... ——. 181

Natlcidae—..—.. ————.—— — — -- — -——- — — - — — — - 181

Neritadenticulatan. sp-__———————... — ————.-..--.-...-- 181, rl. 33

nodosan.sp-—--..--.-_-._.—————-.- —————.„—.. 180-181, rl. 33 

Neritidae——.— . ——.. — .————. —...——.———— — — — 18C-181

nodosan.sp., Nerita...._.———._—— ————— . ————— — 180-181, rl. 33

Nuculanullan.sp.-————————-— — -—-——--——- 170-171, rl. 31

Nuculidae——.———..— —————— — — .———-.———— 17C-171

nullan. sp., Nucula—..-—— — — -— — — — —————-~ 170-171, pi. 31

O

Odostomia mcraei n. sp——-.-——--- ——---——--——--——-- 168-169, pi. 31 

onyx, Hamulus——.—————. ———— — ——— — — 164, 169-170, pi. 31

Ostreasp.. ————---- — — .- — .—-..—---- — - — — - ————— 173

Ostreidae----------------.--.--—7 ----.----------------------------------- 173

oxynema, Caryocorbula-_____----------- —.....——————.—————— 180

Paladmete cancellaria.....—. ——....---..-..- —— —.... ————..._-——— 185

eaveolan.sp-.--——.--__---_._---.--.---_--------—..„.—. 184-185, p', 33

?sp——---------------—— — —— — ——— -,- — — ——— — — 185,, Pi. 33

195
196 INDEX

Page 

Paladmetidae.—.............^............................................. 184-185

parvan. sp., Melanella (Eulima?)—. —.__-_-___--._____--..-_ 181, pi. 33 

Pecten (Camptonectes) sp_-_.__..___.•....'_.__..._.___.. 173-174, pi. 32

Pectinidae.—. —— - — ——— --- — —— — —— — —— ——— ——— — ——— 173-174

Pedalionidae-—. ————————— ————— — — — ————— — 166-167,172-173

Pelecypoda———————— —— —— ———————— — — 165-168,170-180,186-187

Pelmatozoa___---------_____.---..__-..__-___-.-.-____.__. 165

Pleurofloridae__-..____._--------_._..............._------_... 174

Postligata aventi n. sp.- —...___-_-____.... — . — -_....___ 172, pi. 32

crenata.----------------------__-.---...._— — .— — -_......... 166

greenensis--..-_-__--------___- — .. — _---_—___-.,_______ 166

monroein. sp-.. — —- —— .———•——— ———— - —____ 162, 166, 172, pi. 31 

schalki- .................................................................. 166

wordeni--------------------_-----------------_____...____.... 166

Protodonax sp.. .......................____...____.........- — -... 178, pi. 32

Pseudorbitoidesisraelski— —__....-.--........-._................_-_ — _.__ 163

Pteria'sp.-———— ———— —— —— ———————————— —— —— ——— — 172

Pteriidae. —— —— —— —— —— ——-- — ——— —— - ——— —— ——— ——— — 172

PugneUuscalcarisn.sp----..--..-_------------_---_----..-_-___- 164, 183-184, pi. 33

Pyramidellidae--.----------------------_--------.___--.---.-----------.--- 168-169

Pyropsidae.----------------------------_..-----.-.-.-.-.---..-------._... 184

R

Ross, C. S., cited_----.------_-_-_-_--------____--.--.--______---.-_--___--- 162,163

S

Scaphopoda------------------------------------------------------------------ 180

schalki, Postligata----------------------------------------------__--_._-__.- 166

Serpulasp---___.-_-___.-........_---...._....-.-..-......_-...-....-— 169, pi. 31

Serpulidae---------. __------------------_-----_----__-----._-_-__----__--__ 169-170

solida, Spisula--.-----------------------_.._---_............_---------- 178

Spisula bre vis n. sp-.--.-- — —--------------------------------- 178-179, pi. 32

solida———— — — — — ——— - — — — - —. ——— — — — —— — 178

Strombidae--------------------------------------------------------------- 183-184

subgibbosa, Corbula_-_ — _--.__--.------.--------_ _.-.._----------__. 179

Page 

subterrea n. sp., Venericardia— _____ — ____ — .-.- 162, 163, 167-168, 186-187, pi. 31

subterrestris n. sp., Crassatella. —— -__-_-----____-------_. 174-175, pi. 32

subtrigonan. sp., Fulpia?----------------------------------------------- 176, pi. 32

sulcata, Corbula (Corbula)----__------_...— —..-. — -——————-——— 179

T

Teleodesmacea-_..------------------------------------------------- 167-168,186-187

Temnaharrellin. sp-—. — - — — — —————— ———— 176-177, pi. 32

unidentified specimens._.-_-__------------------------ — -_-_- — — — 177

TeUinidae-..——— ————— —— — — — — —. ————— — --— 176-178

Tenea? sp--. ————— ——————-- —— -————— ———————— 162, 168, pi. 31

tolerin. sp., Turritella— —- — -——--——— — ———— — -————- 182, pi. 33

Trigonarca maconensis.---------------- ——- — ----- — _-__--__------—--- 165

mundan. sp.....—— — .--.. — ---—.-—— — — --- — — — 171-172, pi. 31

Turritellamagnolianan.sp------------------------------------------ 182-183, pi. 33

sp_—-------------------------------------------------------------- 168, pi. 31

tolerin. sp--------_--------------------------------— — —————. 182, pi. 33

vertebroides-___ ..'.................—————.. — .--—-.——————— 168

Tturitellidae—....., — — - — — — ——---— — - ————— —— -— 168,182-183

U 

uvaldanan. sp., Venericardia--____-_-------- 162, 163, 168,185,186-187, pi. 31

i, Crassatella.----------------------------- ——.._----_---_-._____-__--. 175

Venericardia imbricata.--------------------— — —.. —- —— — -._ —— ---.. 167

subterrea n. sp——-------.---.....-- — - 162, 163, 167-168, 186-187, pi. 31

uvaldanan. sp—.——— —— —— —————— 162, 163, 16"* 185, 186-187, pi. 31

Veneridae...__.______________________.__-------------___-— 168.176

Venus imbricata__--_.___ —— — -_ — - — — ...-.--.--„----,-._. — - — ------- 167

vertebroides, Turritella_------------ — -..- — — - — -_.- — -._-_-_ — — __. 168

Vetoarcahindsanan. sp--..--__._________-_____-- 162, 165-166, pi. 31 

Volsellasp-—.--.._--__-___.-.___.„..„......-___-__---------- 174

W 

wordeni, Postligata----------------------------------------------------------- 166

o