*r *

1980 projections of final demand, 

in te S ^d R fll refat ions hips, output,

odtic tivity, and employment

% ► *

S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 

Bureau of Labor Statistics

etin 1672

. mmmm

Dayton & Montgomery Cow 

Public Library

OCT 5 1870 

COLLECTION

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This bulletin is the third in a series reporting on the BLS 1980 projections 

of the labor force, and industry demand, output, employment and occupation. 

“The U.S. economy in 1980: a preview of BLS projections,” appearing in the 

April 1970 M o n t h l y L a b o r R e v i e w , initiated the series; BLS bulletin 1673, T h e

U .S . E c o n o m y in 1 9 8 0 , expanded on the Review article.

Other articles and bulletins are planned to present additional findings and 

evaluations for each of the major topics included in the initial study.

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PATTERNS 

OF U.S. 

ECONOMIC 

GROW TH

1980 projections of final demand, 

interindustry relationships, output, 

productivity, and employment

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

J. D. Hodgson, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 

Geoffrey H. Moore, Commissioner

BULLETIN 1672

1970

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Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1.25

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Preface

This bulletin presents projections of employment by industry for 1980, 

based on projections of the labor force, potential gross national product, 

the composition and industry structure of gross national product, and 

industry output and output per man-hour. Each of the elements in the 

sequence of projections is discussed in considerable detail in the chapters 

which follow.

The 1980 projections are part of a coordinated program of the Bureau 

of Labor Statistics in the field of manpower projections. This program 

includes detailed projections of the labor force, aggregate and industry 

demand, output, employment, and occupational projections.1 A major 

objective of the employment projections by industry is to provide a 

framework for the occupational outlook program of the Bureau. In addition, detailed projections of demand, output, and employment have 

important uses in providing insight into the effects of alternative government policies on the distribution of gross national product and employment by industry. For businesses, these projections represent an 

important source of information for developing long-run capital investment and understanding changing market structures.

The projections presented in this bulletin are summarized in an article 

in the M onthly Labor R eview .2 Other articles and reports are planned to 

present additional findings and evaluation for each of the major topics 

included in the study.

This study is similar in content and technique to an earlier research 

project in which projections were developed for 1970.3 Both studies 

were prepared within the Bureau of Labor Statistics as a part of its 

work on the Interagency Economic Growth Project. The Growth Project 

is chaired by a representative of the Council of Economic Advisors and 

has representatives from the Bureau of the Budget and the U.S. Department of Commerce and Labor. Various agencies and research groups 

perform research under its auspices.4 The work of the Bureau of Labor 

Statistics in the Growth Project is under the supervision of Jack Alterman, Director of Economic Growth Studies.

This bulletin was prepared in the Bureau of Labor Statistics Office of 

Productivity, Technology and Growth. The study was performed by the 

staff of the Bureau’s Division of Economic Growth. Ronald E. Kutscher, 

Chief of the Division of Economic Growth, was responsible for direct 

supervision of the projections and for preparation of the report. Donald 

P. Eldridge supervised the preparation of final demand estimates and 

assisted in the report preparation; Eva E. Jacobs prepared the aggregate

III

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economic projections and developed the projections of industry output 

per man-hour; Richard P. Oliver prepared the projections of military 

expenditures; William I. Karr prepared the projections of input-output 

coefficients; Thomas Fleming prepared the projections of State and local 

government spending and nondefense Federal spending; James Walsh 

projected business investment and residential construction; Charles Bowman projected personal consumption expenditures, exports and imports. 

Other staff who participated directly in various phases of the research 

were Arthur Andreassen, Steve Cochran, and Joyce Goins.

1 Other substantial work by the Bureau on projections is contained in Tomorrow's

Manpower Needs, Volumes I, II, III, and IV, (B L S B ulletin 1606), Occupational

Employment Patterns for 1960 and 1975 (BLS B ulletin 1955), and The U.S. Labor

F orce: Projections for 1985, (M onthly Labor Review, M ay 1970).

a“The U.S. Economy in 1980: A Preview o f BLS Projections,” Monthly Labor

Review, A pril 1970. Reprinted w ith additional detail as Bulletin 1673.

3 BLS B ulletin 1536.

* F or a complete listin g o f research under the sponsorship o f the Interagency

Economic Growth Project see appendix B, P art II.

IV

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Contents

Introduction and H ighlights_____________________________

Assumptions ___________________________ ____________

Approach _________________________________________

H ighlights_________________________________________

Projection of Potential Gross National Product_____________

Labor fo rce________________________________________

Conversion to j o b s ____ _____________________________

H ou rs_____________________________________________

Output per man-hour_______________________________

GNP growth r a te ___________________________________

Composition of gross national product____________________

GNP components___________________________________

Personal consumption expenditures___________________

Gross private domestic investment____________________

Net exports________________________________________

Government expenditures____________________________

Final demand by input-output sectors________________

Projected Industry Output, Output Per Man-Hour

and Employment_____________________________________

Projection of input-output coefficients_________________

Sector distribution of real output_____________________

Output per man-hour________________________________

Employment _______________________________________

High Durable m odels___________________________________

Factors determining real G N P ________________________

Components of GNP _______________________________

Industry structure of demand, output, and employment__

Alternative rates of growth in real G N P ______________

Implications of the 1980 projections______________________

Manpower implications _____________________________

Other implications__________________________________

Factors determining Gross National Product 1957, 1965, 1968,

and projected 1980 ___________________________________

Gross National Product by major component selected years

and project, 1980-(1958 dollars) _______________________

Sector composition of gross output originating selected

years and projected 1980 ______________________________

Industries projected to grow most rapidly in output, 1965-80 _ _ 

Civilian employment by major sector, selected years and

projected 1980 _______________________________________

Industries projected to grow most rapidly in employment,

1965-80 _____________________________________________

Labor force, hours and Gross National Product, projected 1980 _

Gross National Product, 1980 by major component__________

Civilian employment by major sector, projected 1980 ________

V

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Contents—Continued

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Table—Continued

10. Labor force, employment, annual hours, productivity and

Gross National Products actual 1957, 1965-68 and projected 1980 __________________________________________ 12

11. Derivation of civilian employment control to tals---------------- 14

12. Part-time employment as a percent of total employment------- 15

13. Gross National Product by major components, selected years

and projected 1980 ___________________________ 17

14. Gross National Product by major components, selected years

and projected 1980 (percent)___________________________ 18

15. Changes in Gross National Product by major components,

selected years and projected 1980 _______________________ 19

16. Personal consumption expenditures, by major types, for

selected years and projected 1980 _______________________ 20

17. Distribution of personal consumption expenditures by major

types, for selected years and projected 1980 _______________ 21

18. Annual rate of change in personal consumption expenditures

by major types, for selected periods_____________________ 22

19. State and local Government purchases of goods and services,

by function, for selected years and projected 1980 levels___ 23

20. Sector composition of 1980 projections________________ 27

21. Index of coefficient change, 1965-80 _______________________ 30

22. Gross product originating selected years and projected 1980 __ 32

23. Industries projected to grow most rapidly in output, 1965-80 __ 34

24. Industries with significant changes in projected output growth

r a te s________________________________________________ 34

25. Range of projected rate of change in output per man-hour by

industry, 1965-80 _____________________________________ 35

26. Civilian employment by major sector selected years and

projected 1980 _______________________________________ 37

27. Annual rate of change in civilian employment by major sector _ _ 38

28. Industries with 1965-80 employment growth rates of 2.0

percent and above____________________________________ 39

29. Projected changes in employment by major sector 1965-80 ___ 40

30. Labor force, hours and Gross National Product, for 3-percent

models 1957, 1965, 1968, and projected 1980 ______________ 41

31. Labor force, hours and Gross National Product, for 4-percent

models 1957, 1965, 1968, and projected 1980 ______________ 42

32. Gross National Product by major component, for 3-percent

models 1965, 1968, and projected 1980 __________________ 43

33. Gross National Product by major component, for 4-percent

models 1965,1968, and projected 1980 ____________________ 43

34. Sector composition of gross output originating selected

years and projected 1980 ______________________________ 44

35. Industries projected to grow most rapidly in real output,

1965-80 44

36. Civilian employment by major industry group, for 4-percent

models 1965, 1968, and projected 1980 __________________ 45

VI

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Contents—Continued

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Table—Continued

37. Civilian employment by major industry group, 4-percent

models 1965, 1968, and projected 1980 (4-percent basic and 

high durable) ________________________________________ 48

38. Alternative 1980 Gross National Product annual rate of change,

1965-80 _____________________________________________ 49

Chart:

1. Average anual growth rates of fastest growing industries------- 33

2. Interrelationship of potential national product, final demand,

industry production, productivity, and employment_______ 54

Appendix:

A. Methods of developing the 1980 projections_________________ 51

B. Bibliography of Research by the Interagency Economic Growth

Project ______________________________________________ 81

C. Bureau of Labor Statistics Publications of Economic Projections . 85

D. Tables and M atrices_____________________________________ 89

VII

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Chapter I. Introduction and Highlights

Assumptions

The estimates of 1980 demand, output and 

employment presented in this report are not 

forecasts but projections of what the economy 

might be like under a given set of assumptions. 

One assumption is that the Viet Nam conflict 

will have been resolved and that defense expenditures will have been reduced somewhat, 

although the level will be still somewhat 

higher than just before the Viet Nam build-up. 

Another assumption is that the economy will 

continue to grow at approximately its potential 

growth rate based on continued high resource 

utilization.

Four alternative 1980 models are presented 

in this report. These four models are grouped 

into two sets of models—one set is called the 

basic models and the other the high durable 

goods models. Each of the sets has two models 

with identical characteristics throughout except for the unemployment rate which is varied : one of the models in each set has a 3 percent rate and the other has a 4 percent rate.

Most of the discussion throughout the text 

of the 1980 report will present the basic models. These are used because they represent 

what is believed to be the more likely projection to 1980 than the high durable models. The 

basic models reflect the long-term shift towards services and away from goods. In order 

to evaluate the difference it would make to the 

structure of employment if this shift were 

slowed down considerably, an alternative set of 

estimates were prepared that emphasize expenditures on durable goods. The high durable 

models are discussed in detail in chapter V and 

are summarized later in this chapter.

The basic models have the following characteristics: a 3 or 4 percent unemployment rate 

and a distribution of GNP that primarily reflects a continuation of past trends modified to 

take account of specific anticipated developments. As a proportion of gross national product, it shows personal consumption expenditures somewhat higher than in the past. State 

and local government purchases are also projected as an increasing proportion of GNP. 

Federal Government purchases on the other

hand, show a sizable drop as a proportion 

of GNP, particularly when compared with 

current levels which include a large amount 

of Viet Nam related expenditures. However, 

Federal nondefense purchases are projected to 

increase relative to GNP so that total government purchases for nondefense functions, Federal as well as State and local, are projected to 

increase faster than the over-all growth rate 

and as a proportion of GNP. The Armed 

Forces in the basic models return to 2.7 million 

—about their pre-Viet Nam level. Investment, 

both nonresidential and residential, are projected to take a slightly larger proportion of 

GNP than at the present time.

In the high durable models the major assumptions are: a 3 or 4 percent unemployment 

rate and the major areas of demand related to 

durable goods a higher proportion of GNP 

than in the basic models. Therefore, Federal 

Government expenditures, particularly defense, do not drop as much as a proportion of 

GNP as in the basic models. Investment, both 

residential and nonresidential, are higher as a 

proportion of GNP than currently or than 

found in the basic models, and consumer expenditures for durable goods are higher in the 

high durable models. The other elements of demand—State and local government expenditures and consumer nondurables and services 

expenditures—are lower proportions than in 

the basic models.

Approach

The 1980 projections are made in a series of 

distinct but closely inter-related steps. First, 

the potential gross national product is developed based on a projection of the labor force, 

assumptions regarding the rate of unemployment and the level of the Armed Forces, and 

by projecting trends in average hours and output per man-hour. Given the potential gross 

national product, projections are developed of 

the composition of GNP among demand components—government, consumption, business investment and net foreign demand. Once the 

composition of GNP is determined, the detailed 

distribution of each of these final demand com1

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ponents is projected. In order to translate 

projections of industry demand into industry 

output requirements, input-output relationships which have been projected to 1980 are 

used. After the calculation of industry growth 

rate is completed, the final step is to derive the 

projected level of employment, by industry, by 

using projections of changes in output per 

man-hour by industry.1

Highlights

Gross national product in the basic models is 

projected to grow at an annual rate of 4.3 percent a year in real terms between 1965 and 

1980.2 This growth rate results in a 1980 

gross national product of $1,165 billion in constant 1958 dollars under the 3-percent unemployment assumption and $1,155 billion under 

the assumption of a 4-percent unemployment 

rate.3 The projected rate of growth in GNP of 

4.3 percent a year is lower than the 4.9 percent 

recent rate of increase in aggregate output but 

higher than the long-run growth rate of 4.0 

percent a year for the 1947-68 postwar period.

The overall growth rate in GNP is projected 

by taking into consideration changes in the 

labor force, hours of work, and output per 

man-hour. (See table 1.)

The labor force (1965-80) is expected to 

grow faster than in the 1957-65 period, 1.8 

percent a year compared with 1.3 percent. The 

total number of jobs is projected to increase at 

a somewhat faster rate, 1.8 or 1.9 percent per 

year, compared with 1.1 percent.

In the 1957-65 period annual hours declined 

at a rate of 0.2 a year. During the projected period they are expected to decline also at a 0.2 a 

year rate. The projected decline in hours, however, will result to a considerable extent from 

the expected increase in part-time employment.

Output per man-hour is expected to grow at 

a somewhat lower rate than it has over the 

postwar period 1947-65 and particularly over 

the last decade. The slight decline in the projected rate of increase is due to the fact that 

the long-term favorable influence on overall 

productivity of the manpower shift from the 

low productivity farm sector to other higher 

productivity sectors had largely run its course

towards the end of the sixties and would contribute less in the future than in the past.

To summarize: the 4.3 growth rate in GNP 

reflects a higher projected labor force growth, 

slightly higher projected growth in total jobs, 

greater growth in projected private jobs, continuation of past rate of decline of average 

hours and a somewhat smaller rate of increase 

of output per man-hour.

Com position of gross national p rodu ct. Gross 

national product and its major components for 

selected years and projections to 1980 for the 

basic models are shown in table 2. In comparing the 1980 projections with the historical 

data, several observations can be made about 

GNP and its components. The ratio of consumption to GNP is higher (65.1 percent) in 

the 1980 projections than it has been in the 

past. While no clear historical trend in the proportion of GNP going to consumption is evident the slight proportionate increase for this 

category does not substantially depart from 

past relationships. The increase for consumption in the basic models reflects the underlying 

assumption that part of the declining Federal 

defense share of GNP is distributed to consumers either by transfer payments or a cut in personal taxes.

The relationship of investment to GNP for 

1980 differs with respect to continuation of 

past trends for its two major components— 

nonresidential fixed expenditures and residential structures. Nonresidential fixed investment 

has shown considerable fluctuations in past 

years between 10.7 and 11.2 percent of total

1 A detailed description of the techniques used in developing the 1980 projections is contained in appendix 

A.

2 All projections throughout this report are for 1965- 

80. This is because the period 1965-68 has been substantially affected in m any cases by the V iet Nam w ar. 

The data for the 1965-68 period are shown wherever 

available for use by those who desire more recent 

benchmarks. The growth rate between 1968 and 1980 

is about the same as for the 1965-80 period— 4.3 percent.

8 All calculations in the 1980 projections were made 

in 1958 constant dollars. If a translation is made to 

1968 dollars, the 1980 GNP would be something over 

$1,400 billion.

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Table 1. F actors determ ining gross national product, 1957, 1965, 1968, and projected 1980

Item 1957 1965 1968

Projected 1980

Average annual growth rate

1957-65

1965-80

Basic models

Basic models

3-percent

unemployment

4-percent

unemployment

3-percent

unemployment

4-percent

unemployment

Total labor force (thousands) __ 69,729 77,177 82,817 100,727 100,727 1.3 1.8 1.8

Unemployed __ ___ ____ 2,859 3,366 2,817 2,940 3,918 2.1 —.9 1 . 0

Employed: jobs concep t1 (thousands) 70,953 77,689 84,688 102,896 101,867 1.1 1.9 1.8

Total private ------------ __ __ __ 61,197 65,695 70,274 84,396 83,552 .9 1.7 1.6

Annual man-hours (per job)

private --------------- ------------ 2,085 2,052 2,000 1,977 1,977 — .2 — .2 —.2

Total man-hours (m illions)

private ___ ______________ ____ 127.6 134.8 140.5 166.9 165.2 .7 1.4 1.4

GNP per man-hour private2

(1958 dollars) _________________ 3.22 4.21 4.61 6.54 6.54 3.4 3.0 3.0

Total g n p (1958 dollars) __ _____ 452.6 617.8 707.6 3 1,168.6 3 1,156.9 4.0 4.3 4.3

Private g n p (1958 dollars) _________ 410.6 567.0 647.9 1,091.9 1,081.0 4.1 4.5 4.4

Total g n p (1968 dollars __ _ _ 553.8 754.3 865.7 1,427.8 1,415.7 3.9 4.3 4.3

1 The estimates of 1980 employment start with an estimate of

labor force which is a count of people and is converted to a jobs

concept which is a count of jobs. This is more fully discussed in

chapter II.

2 The g n p per man-hour is private since by national income conventions government productivity is set at zero.

3 This is g n p as was derived, in all other calculations it is rounded to 1,165 and 1,155.

GNP. Most of these years have been years of 

relatively high growth. The projections for 

1980 reflects a constant relationship to private 

GNP based on these past few years of high resource utilization. The projections of the residential structures component of gross national 

product, on the other hand, represents a break 

with the past trend. As can be seen clearly 

from table 2, during the 1957 to 1967 period 

residential structure fell from 4.5 percent of GNP to only 3.0 percent with a slight 

recovery in 1968. The projections for 1980 do 

not continue this downtrend but show some increase from the recent ratio and a return to a 

proportion of GNP only slightly lower than 

prevailed in 1965. This turn around in the residential structures component of GNP reflects a 

reservoir of demand for housing resulting 

from the increase in household formations, 

from the growth in the elderly population who 

increasingly maintain their own residences, 

and from a backlog of substandard housing. 

The 1980 projected level of housing is consistent with meeting the levels called for in the 

national housing goals.

The 7.3 percent of GNP for Federal Government purchases for goods and services 4 in the 

1980 projections is a drop from the 1965 level

4 Expenditures by the Federal government for 

grants-in-aid to State and local governments and tra n sfer paym ents to individuals such as social security are 

not counted as Federal expenditures on the expenditure or demand side of the national income and product 

accounts.

of 9.4 percent. The 1980 Federal purchases 

component of GNP reflect to a considerable extent a continuation of the downtrend of the 

1957-65 period. Another way of looking at the 

decline in Federal expenditures as a proportion 

of GNP is to consider that expenditures by the 

Federal Government currently used for Viet 

Nam as well as any future fiscal dividends 

which may accrue, will largely be distributed 

in these models to Federal nondefense purchases and State and local governments 

through grants-in-aid and to business and consumers either through transfer payments or 

direct tax cuts. Although total Federal expenditures is projected to decline as a portion of 

GNP, Federal nondefense expenditures will be 

an increasing proportion of the total.

State and local government purchases had 

increased as a proportion of GNP from 8.3 in 

1957 to 9.2 percent by 1965 and to 9.8 percent 

in 1968. The 1980 projections reflect a continuation of high rates of growth for State and 

local government purchases, but they do constitute some slow down from the very high 

rates of the most recent period. This slow 

down in the rate of increase results from an 

expected deceleration in school enrollment: an 

absolute decline at the primary school level 

and a slow down in the rate of increase for secondary schools and colleges. Though a slowing 

down of State and local expenditures is projected, they will still grow faster than GNP 

and are projected in 1980 to make up 10.8 percent of the total gross national product.

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P ro jected in d u stry ou tpu t. In making the 

1980 projections, for each of the components of 

gross national product discussed in the previous section, a projection of the detailed industry structure of demand is developed. These 

detailed bills of goods are translated into output for each industry by use of a projected input-output table.

In order to examine the sector composition 

of output a distribution of gross output originating is used.5 An examination of table 3 reveals that sector composition of gross product 

originating is changing. The decline in the agricultural and mining proportions, for instance, 

is readily discernible.

The manufacturing sector has shown, for 

the historical period, a slight upward trend. 

However, the projections show that manufacturing’s share will return to about the same

proportions.

The proportions of gross product originating 

in trade and services have been rather stable in 

the past and the projections retain these proportions. Transportation, communication, and 

public utilities, and finance, insurance, and real 

estate have increased their proportion in the 

historical period and are projected to continue 

this relative growth.

Individual sectors. Table 4 shows those industries which are projected to grow most rapidly

5 Gross output originating is a m easure of the contribution of each sector in term s of paym ents to the factors of production. These paym ents, sometimes referred 

to as value added, when summed for all sectors, equal 

total gross national product. It differs from a sales or 

production value of an industry’s output in th a t it excludes cost of m aterials, supplies, and services used in 

the course of production.

Table 2. Gross national product by m ajor component selected years and projected 1980

[1958 dollars]

Component

1957 1965 1967 1968

Projected 1980

Basic models

3-percent

unemployment

4-percent

unemployment

Gross National P r o d u c t-------- . ------------ 452.5 617.8 674.6 707.6 1,165.0 1,155.0

Personal consumption ex p en d itu res__ 288.2 397.7 430.3 452.6 758.3 751.9

Gross private domestic in v e stm e n t__ 68.8 99.2 100.8 105.7 186.3 184.7

Nonresidential ___ ____ _ _ 47.4 66.3 73.6 75.8 130.4 129.3

Residential structures _ ___ _ _ - 20.2 23.8 20.3 23.3 40.9 40.5

N et inventory change _____ . __ 1.2 9.0 6.9 6.6 15.1 15.0

N et exports _______ _ ___ __ ____ 6.2 6.2 3.6 0.9 9.6 9.5

Government __ __ _ ___ 89.3 114.7 140.0 148.4 210.8 208.9

Federal _ — ___ ____ ___ 51.7 57.9 74.8 78.9 85.0 84.3

State a n d lo c a l _ _ 37.6 56.8 65.2 69.5 125.8 124.6

Percent distribution

Gross National Product _ _ _ ___ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Personal consumption e x p en d itu res__ 63.7 64.4 63.8 64.0 65.1 65.1

Gross private domestic in v e s tm e n t__ 15.2 16.1 14.9 14.9 16.0 16.0

Nonresidential __ _____ __ _. 10.5 10.7 10.9 10.7 11.2 11.2

Residential structures 4.5 3.9 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.5

N et inventory change .3 1.5 1.0 .9 1.3 1.3

N et exports ___ __ ___ _____ 1.4 1.0 .5 .1 .8 .8

Government ___ _ _ _ _ ____ 19.7 18.6 20.8 21.0 18.1 18.1

Federal _______ __ _ ___ 11.4 9.4 11.1 11.2 7.3 7.3

State and local - _______ ___ 8.3 9.2 9.7 9.8 10.8 10.8

Gross National Product by Major Component Selected Periods

and Projected 1965-80

(Average annual rate of change) 1

1965-80

Basic models

1957-65 1965-68 3-percent

unemployment

4-percent

unemplovment

Gross National Product _____ _ _ 4.0 4.6 4.3 4.3

Personal consumption expenditures _. 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.3

Gross private domestic in v e s tm e n t__ 4.7 2.1 4.3 4.2

N on resid en tial____ __ __ _____ 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.6

Residential structures _ __ _____ 2.1 —0.7 3.7 3.6

Change in business inventories

N et exports of goods and services ____ .

Government purchases of goods and

3.5

3.0

3.5

2.9

services _ _ __ __ __ _____ _____ 3.2 9.0 4.1 4.1

Federal _ _ _ _ _ _ 1.4 10.9 2.6 2.5

State and local ___ __ __ _____ 5.3 7.0 5.4 5.4

1 Compound interest rates between the terminal year. U.S. Department of Commerce. The projections are by the BuS o u r c e : Historical data are from the Office of Business Economics, reau of Labor Statistics.

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Table 3. Sector composition of gross output orig in atin g 1 selected years and projected 1980

[Percent distribution based on 1958 dollars]

Sector

Selected Years

Projected 1980

Basic models

1950 1957 1963 1965 1967 1968 3-percent

unemployment

4-percent

unemployment

Total ________________________________________________ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries __ — ---------- __ ------- 5.7 4.8 4.4 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.2 3.2

Mining - ----------------------------------------------- . . -------- — 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.0 2.0

Constiuction -------- ------------------ ------------------------------------- 4.6 4.7 4.0 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5

M anufacturing -------- ------------- __ ------- --------------- -- 29.7 29.7 29.5 30.8 30.5 31.2 30.3 30.3

Transportation, communication and public utilities ------------ 8.7 9.1 9.4 9.6 9.9 9.9 11.2 11.2

Wholesale and retail trade _ -- _ -- - _______ ________ 17.0 16.6 16.8 17.0 16.9 16.9 17.4 17.4

Finance, insurance, and real estate _ ---------- — ------- 11.5 12.6 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 14.8 14.8

Services ------- --------- __ — ----- --- ------------------ -- -- 9.3 9.2 9.5 9.3 9.4 9.3 9.6 9.6

Government and government enterprises - ___ - - — — 10.1 10.4 9.8 9.4 9.7 9.7 7.9 7.9

O ther2 __ ____ _ _ __ _____________ ___________ _ _ .4 — .1 .6 .2 .6 .2 .2 .2

1 Gross output originating is the contribution of value added by

each of the sectors to total gross national product.

2 Includes rest of the world and statistical residual.

Source: Historical data are from U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics. Projections are by the Bureau

of Labor Statistics.

from 1965 to 1980. The ten sectors shown have 

projected growth rates ranging from about 6.0 

percent a year (in real terms) for research and 

development to over 10.0 percent a year for 

office, computing, and accounting machines. 

Most of these industries have had high growth 

rates in the recent past so that the projections 

are a continuation of high growth rates for 

these sectors.

P ro jected Changes in the S tru ctu re of E m ­

ploym ent. One of the primary objectives of the 

1980 projections is to determine the effect 

of projected changes in the level and structure 

of demand on the employment structure by industry.

Total employment is projected to increase 

from 74.6 million in 1965 to 98.6-99.6 million 

by 1980, an annual rate of increase of 1.9 percent a year, which is considerably faster than 

the 1.2 percent a year rate which prevailed 

during the 1957-65 period.

The changes in the structure of employment 

between 1965 and 1980 as shown in table 5 

generally are expected to be similar in many 

ways to those shifts experienced during the 

1957-65 period. These changes—past or projected—are the net result of two basic forces: 

the rate of change in the output of the sector 

and the rate of productivity change within the 

sector. Increased output tends to require more 

employees; productivity increases mean that 

fewer employees are required for a given output. Thus, the service sector—which has experienced a high rate of increase in output and a 

relatively low productivity change—has had

large increases in employment. This sector— 

including personal, business, and private educational and medical services, has the second 

highest rate of growth in projected employment of the major sectors and the largest relative increases as a proportion to total employment—up by over 3 percent from 1965 to over 

18 percent of the total in 1980. Concomitantly, 

the 7 million new jobs projected in the service 

sector are the most for any of the sectors. 

These projections reflect a continuing shift in 

demand for services and lower than average 

increases in productivity for the service industries.

Agriculture—with moderately increasing 

output but a very substantial productivity 

change—has had absolute declines in employment. Agriculture is projected to continue to 

have large increases in productivity accompanied by small gains in output that will result 

in further declines in employment.

Mining employment also has been declining 

for many years. This is attributable largely to

Table 4. Industries projected to grow most rapidly 

in output,1 1965-80

Sector

number Sector name

51 Office, computing and accounting machines

63 Optical, ophthalmic and photographic equipment

57 Electronic components and accessories

66 Communications; except radio and TV broadcasting

28 Plastics and synthetic materials

68 Electric, gas, water, and sanitary services

52 Service industry machines

32 Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products

73 Business services

56 Radio, television and communication equipment

10 Chemical and fertilizer mineral m ining

29 Drugs, cleaning, and toilet preparations

74 Research and development

1 Output growth is change in real terms of gross duplicated output. This differs from gross output originating in that it counts

in the output of each industry its cost of materials as well as

the products primary to its output which are made in other sectors

as secondary products.

5

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above average gains in productivity and decreased demand for mining products, particularly for coal. This sector is projected to continue to decline in employment, although at a 

reduced rate, because of some resurgence of 

coal demand.

Contract construction is one of the major 

sectors to show a substantially faster rate of 

growth in employment from 1965 to 1980 than 

from 1957 to 1965. Nearly 1.5 million new jobs 

are projected to be available in this sector by 

1980. The projected increase in employment results from rising State and local government

needs, sharply increased housing requirements, 

and expanding investment by business.

The manufacturing sector historically has 

had, and is projected to continue to have, the 

largest single share of total employment. It is, 

however, a declining share—from 25 percent 

in 1965 to just over 22 percent in 1980. This is 

a consequence of the sector's slightly lowerthan-average rate of growth in output, particularly from 1965 to 1980, along with its somewhat higher than average productivity gain. 

Still, manufacturing is projected to provide between 3.5 and 4.0 million new jobs between

Table 5. Civilian em ploym ent1 by m ajor sector, selected years and projected 1980

[Thousands of jobs]

Sector 1957 1965 1967 1968

Projected 1980

Basic models

3-percent

unemployment

4-percent

unemployment

Total ________________________________________________ 67,842 74,568 78,906 80,788 2 99,600 98,600

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries - 6,233 4,671 4,196 4,154 3,188 3,156

Mining ___ __ __________ - _ _ _ _ _ _ — _ _ - _ _ - 868 667 649 646 590 584

Construction _ _ _ — _ ----- _-. ------------ --------------- 3,701 3,994 3,981 4,050 5,482 5,427

M anufacturing — _______ __ ___ ___ _ _ _ _ _ . 17,586 18,454 19,805 20,125 22,358 22,133

Durable __ - _____ ________ _ _ - _ _ ____ 10,098 10,644 11,670 11,854 13,274 13,141

Nondurable _ _____ ------- 7,488 7,810 8,135 8,271 9,084 8,992

Transportation, communications, and public utilities _______ 4,453 4,250 4,470 4,524 4,976 4,926

Trade _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ ____ _____ _____ _______ 13,709 15,352 16,160 16,604 20,487 20,282

Finance, insurance, and real e s t a t e __ __ _ 2,786 3,367 3,569 3,726 4,639 4,593

Services _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ 8,446 11,118 12,194 12,678 18,280 18,097

Government _ _ _ _ _ ____ _ ______ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7,616 10,091 11,398 11,846 16,800 16,632

Households _ __ _ _ __ __________ 2,444 2,604 2,484 2,435 2,800 2,770

Percent distribution

Total ________________________________________________ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries . _ - - - - - - - _ _ _ 9.2 6.3 5.3 5.1 3.2 3.2

Mining - ____ __ _ _______ __ _____ 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6

Construction _ - ____ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ 5.5 5.4 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.5

M anufacturing _ _ _ _ - _ _ - . _ _ _ _ . 25.9 24.7 25.1 24.9 22.4 22.4

Durable _ ______________ ___________ __ _ _____ 14.9 14.3 14.8 14.7 13.3 13.3

Nondurable . _ - __ _ _ _ _ _____ _ - __________ 11.0 10.5 10.3 10.2 9.1 9.1

Transportation, communications, and public utilities - __ 6.6 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.0 5.0

Trade _ _ _ __ 20.2 20.6 20.5 20.6 20.6 20.6

Finance, insurance, and real estate _ _ _ _ _ - _ 4.1 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.7

Services _ _ _ __ _ ____ _ _ _ ______ 12.4 14.9 15.5 15.7 18.4 18.4

Government ______ __ _ __ _ _ _ 11.2 13.5 14.4 14.7 16.9 16.9

Households _ _ _____ __ _ _ _ _ _ 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.8

Average annual rates of change 3

Projected 1965-80

Basic models

1957-65 1965-68

3-percent 4-percent

unemployment unemployment

Total __ ____ _____ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 1.2 2.7 1.9 1.9

Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries _ _ _ _ -3.6 3.8 -2.5 -2.5

M ining _ ______________ -3.2 1.1 -0.8 -0.9

Construction _ _ _ _ _ ____ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1.0 .5 2.1 2.1

M anufacturing .6 2.9 1.3 1.2

Durable .7 3.7 1.5 1.4

Nondurable _ _ ______ _ ____ .5 1.9 1.0 .9

Transportation, communications, and public utilities - .6 2.1 1.1 1.0

Trade _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1.4 2.6 1.9 1.9

Finance, insurance, and real estate _ __ __ __ _ _____ 2.4 3.4 2.2 2.1

Services _ _ _ _ _ ________ 3.5 4.5 3.4 3.3

Government _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ ___ 3.6 5.5 3.5 3.4

Household _ _ _ _ _ .8 2.2 .5 .4

1 Includes wage and salary workers, self employed and unpaid ment shown earlier to the 99.6 million shown in this table,

fam ily workers. 3 Compound interest rates between the terminal years.

2 See chapter II for conversion from 102.5 million 1980 employ6

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1965 and 1980.

Total transportation employment has declined gradually throughout much of the postwar period, primarily because of a reduction 

in railroad employment. Recent increases in 

trucking and air transportation, however, have 

reversed this trend and total employment is 

projected to increase slowly through 1980. 

However, transportation’s relative share of 

total employment is expected to decline further.

Communications and public utilities are 

characterized by higher than average productivity. The result is that, although services 

provided by these industries may increase 

sharply, employment will increase only moderately and decline as a proportion of total employment. On the other hand, employment in 

finance, insurance, and real estate is projected 

to increase at a faster rate than the overall average and to be a slightly larger share of total 

employment in 1980 than in the most recent 

period.

Because the trade function is interwoven so 

thoroughly with the economy, particularly the 

goods portion, changes in employment in this 

sector usually parallel those of the economy. 

Trade employment in the 1980 projections 

maintained exactly the same relative share of 

total employment as it held in 1965— 20.6 percent. Given the very substantial size of the sector, trade is expected to contribute about 5 million new jobs between 1965 and 1980—ranking 

third among the major sectors as a source of 

new employment.

As a projected source of new jobs, State and 

local government ranks second with over 6 million jobs. In contrast, Federal Government civilian employment is projected to increase only 

moderately by 1980. However, since State and 

local government employment is much larger 

than Federal Government, the share of total 

employment attributable to government is expected to increase from 13.5 percent in 1965 to

16.9 by 1980.

Many of the Federal Government programs 

which may be expanded substantially by 1980 

involve expenditures which are considered, in 

the national income and product accounts, as 

either transfers of funds to individuals and 

nonprofit organizations or grants to State and 

local governments. Examples of such programs

are aid to education, manpower training and 

retraining, and antipoverty programs, medicare, and area development. From the view 

point of demand for final goods and services, 

expenditures resulting from these programs 

appear as purchases of goods and services by 

consumers and State and local governments 

rather than as purchases by the Federal Government.

Employment by the household sector, which 

has virtually stabilized in the past decade, is 

projected to increase very slowly to 1980. If 

the projections are realized, household employment in 1980 will equal that of agriculture at 

about 2.8 million.

Industries with the highest rates of growth 

in employment are shown in table 6. Most of 

the sectors which have rapid growth in projected employment also will be among the most 

rapidly growing sectors in terms of output; in 

fact, of all industries on the list of highest output growth only three— communication; electric, gas, water, and sanitary services; and, 

chemical and fertilizer mineral mining— do not 

appear among the rapidly growing employment sectors. (See table 4.) The reason these 

sectors are not among the rapidly growing in 

terms of employment is that each has a high 

projected rate of growth in productivity.

Alternative models. In making and presenting the 1980 projections, the emphasis has 

been on the basic models. Because a number of 

crucial variables enter into the projections, another set of models also was developed in order 

to analyze what effect, if any, a significant 

change in some of these variables would have

Table 6. Industries projected to grow most rapidly 

in employment, 1965-80

S e c to r n u m b e r S e c to r n a m e

51 O ffic e, c o m p u t in g a n d a c c o u n tin g m a c h in e s

7 3 , 74 B u s in e s s se r v ic e s

S ta t e a n d lo c a l g o v e r n m e n t

57 E le c tr o n ic c o m p o n e n ts a n d a c c e s s o r ie s

23 O th e r fu r n itu r e a n d fix tu r e s

32 R u b b e r a n d m is c e lla n e o u s p la s tic s p r o d u c ts

46 M a t e r ia ls h a n d lin g m a c h in e r y a n d e q u ip m e n t

52 S e r v ic e in d u s tr y m a c h in e s

67 R a d io a n d T V b r o a d c a s tin g

50 M a c h in e sh o p p r o d u c ts

29 D r u g s , c le a n in g , a n d to ile t p r e p a r a tio n s

28 P la s tic s a n d s y n th e tic m a te r ia ls

62 S c ie n tific a n d c o n tr o llin g in s tr u m e n ts

70 F in a n c e a n d in s u r a n c e

55 E le c tr ic lig h tin g a n d w ir in g e q u ip m e n t

76 A m u s e m e n t s

56 R a d io , te le v is io n , a n d c o m m u n ic a tio n e q u ip m e n t

63 O p t ic a l, o p h th a lm ic a n d p h o to g r a p h ic e q u ip m e n t

1 1 , 12 C o n s tr u c tio n

7

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Table 7. Projected 1980 labor force, hours and gross national product

A v e r a g e a n n u a l r a t e o f c h a n g e 1

P r o je c te d 1 9 8 0 1 9 6 5 -8 0

I t e m 3 -p e r c e n t

u n e m p lo y m e n t

4 -p e r c e n t

u n e m p lo y m e n t

3 -p e r c e n t

u n e m p lo y m e n t

4 -p e r c e n t

u n e m p lo y m e n t

B a s ic

H ig h

d u r a b le s

B a s ic H ig h

d u r a b le s B a s ic

H ig h

d u r a b le s B a s ic

H ig h

d u r a b le s

T o t a l la b o r fo r c e (th o u s a n d s ) _ - _ _ _ 1 0 0 ,7 2 7 1 0 0 ,7 2 7 1 0 0 ,7 2 7 1 0 0 ,7 2 7 1 .8 1.8 1.8 1.8

U n e m p lo y e d _ _____ _____ _________ 2 ,9 4 0 2 ,9 4 0 3 ,9 1 8 3 ,9 1 8 - . 9 - . 9 1 .0 1 .0

E m p lo y m e n t (jo b s c o n c e p t) _ ___ ___ __ 1 0 2 ,8 9 6 1 0 2 ,8 9 6 1 0 1 ,8 6 7 1 0 1 ,8 6 7 1.9 1.6 1.8 1 .8

G o v e r n m e n t 2 _ ________ _____________________ 1 8 ,5 0 0 1 8 ,1 0 0 1 8 ,3 1 5 1 7 ,9 1 8 2 .9 2 .8 2 .8 2 .7

F e d e r a l ______ _______ ___ ___ _________ 4 ,9 0 0 5 ,1 0 0 4 ,8 5 1 5 ,0 4 9 0 .5 0.7 0 .4 0 .7

S ta t e a n d lo c a l ______________ ___ 1 3 ,6 0 0 1 3 ,0 0 0 1 3 ,4 6 4 1 2 ,8 6 9 4 .1 3 .8 4 .0 3 .7

P r iv a t e - __ _______________________ _______ 8 4 ,3 9 6 8 4 ,7 9 6 8 3 ,5 5 2 8 3 ,9 6 2 1 .7 1 .7 1.6 1 .6

H o u r s p a id f o r (a n n u a l a v e r a g e )

P r iv a t e - _____ - _________ ________ 1 ,9 7 7 1 ,9 7 7 1 ,9 7 7 1 ,9 7 7 - . 2 - . 2 - . 2 - . 2

T o t a l m a n -h o u r (m illio n s )

P r i v a t e 3 ____ ___________ ________ _ 1 6 6 ,8 5 8 1 6 7 ,6 4 2 1 6 5 ,1 8 9 1 6 5 ,9 9 6 1 .4 1 .5 1 .4 1 .4

G N P p e r m a n -h o u r (1 9 5 8 d o lla r s )

P r iv a t e - __________ _ ______ __________ _ _ 6 .5 4 6 .5 4 6 .5 4 6 .5 4 3 .0 3 .0 3 .0 3 .0

T o t a l G N P (b illio n s o f 1 9 5 8 d o l l a r s _____ 4 1 ,1 6 8 .6 4 1 ,1 7 2 .1 4 1 ,1 5 6 .9 4 1 ,1 6 0 .3 4 .3 4 .4 4 .3 4 .3

G o v e r n m e n t _ _ _ _ _ _ ___________ 7 6 .7 7 5 .0 7 5 .9 7 4 .2 2 .8 2 .6 2 .7 2 .6

F e d e r a l _____ _________________ _______ 2 3 .6 2 4 .4 2 3 .4 2 4 .2 0 .5 0 .8 0 .5 0 .7

S ta t e a n d l o c a l ___________ ____________ 5 3 .1 5 0 .6 5 2 .6 5 0 .0 4 .1 3 .8 4 .0 3 .7

P r iv a t e _____ ____ ____ 1 ,0 9 1 .9 1 ,0 9 7 .1 1 ,0 8 1 ,0 1 ,0 8 6 .1 4 .5 4 .5 4 .4 4 .4

1 C o m p o u n d in te r e s t r a te b e tw e e n t e r m in a l y e a r s .

2 T h e g o v e r n m e n t e m p lo y m e n t to be c o n s is te n t w H h th e g o v e r n ­

m e n t p r o d u c t is f r o m n a tio n a l in c o m e a c c o u n ts . G o v e r n m e n t e m ­

p lo y m e n t s h o w n e ls e w h e r e in th is r e p o r t is f r o m th e B u r e a u o f

L a b o r S ta t is t ic s e s ta b lis h m e n t r e p o r ts .

3 M a n -h o u r s a r e e s tim a te d f o r th e p r iv a te s e c to r o n ly s in c e th e

on the structure of industry employment in 

1980.

The second set of alternative models for 

1980 explored the effects of a different composition of GNP on the industry structure of output and employment. This second set of models 

also has a 3-percent unemployment and a drpercent unemployment model. The factors determining the 1980 GNP are similar to those in 

the basic models except that the employment 

distribution in this model has lower government employment. The resulting higher private employment with its higher productivity 

results in a 1980 GNP about 5 billion higher 

than the respective basic models. Table 7 

shows the factors which determine GNP in the 

high durable models and compares them with 

the same factors in the basic model with similar unemployment rates.

The composition of GNP in the second set of 

models is more heavily weighed toward durable goods than in the basic models. This change 

in the distribution was selected to provide a 

reasonable alternative since all aspects of durable goods are subject to a high degree of variability and are consequently more difficult to 

project. Therefore, it is important to analyze 

their effect on the structure of employment. 

The elements that are increased as a proportion of GNP in the alternative models are consumer durables, business investment (particua s s u m p tio n is m a d e o f n o c h a n g e in h o u r s o f th e g o v e r n m e n t s e c ­

to r .

4 T h e 1 9 8 0 G N P is a s c a lc u la te d u s in g th e fa c to r s s h o w n a b o v e .

A ll c a lc u la tio n s u s in g th e to ta l G N P e ls e w h e r e in th e r e p o r t u se

1 ,1 6 5 .0 a n d 1 ,1 7 0 .0 f o r th e s e t w o m o d e ls .

larly producer durable goods) and defense expenditures (with emphasis on military hard 

goods). Table 8 highlights the change in the 

distribution of GNP in the 1980 high durable 

models compared with the 1980 basic models.

The change in assumptions has resulted in a 

quite different distribution of gross national 

product. The Federal Government proportion 

is higher because of the assumption about increased defense expenditures. State and local 

government is lower by approximately the 

same proportion. The demand of the private 

sector is characterized by a larger proportion 

devoted to fixed investment. In personal consumption expenditures, although a smaller 

part of GNP in the high durable models, a 

larger portion has been devoted to durable 

goods expenditures.

With the distribution of demand changed in 

the high durable models, it should follow that 

the distribution of employment will be affected. 

Table 9 shows a comparison of projected employment for 1980 in the basic models and the 

high durable models.

The distribution of employment in the 1980 

high durable models is noticeably different 

from the basic models. Construction, and durable goods manufacturing have a larger share 

of total employment than in the basic model. 

Although manufacturing has a larger share 

in the high durable models than in the basic

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models, it is still a declining share. Services and 

government on the other hand, both have a 

lower share of employment than in the basic 

models but these sectors still have an increasing 

share of employment relative to the current 

distribution.

The alternative models, therefore, have 

shown that changing the distribution of GNP 

in the high durable models do not affect appreciably the overall level of employment but do 

have considerable effect on the distribution of 

total employment. Further, they clearly show 

that changes in the distribution of demand of 

the magnitude introduced in the alternative 

models are sufficient to change the rate at 

which employment shifts away from goodsproducing sectors to services and government 

but do not alter the direction of that shift.

Implications. Important implications result 

from the projections because of the projected 

shift toward services and government employment. These sectors have generally experienced 

lower increases in output per man-hour than the 

goods-producing sectors. Since it can be expected that pressure for larger wages will also 

be experienced in these sectors, the implications for prices are important. If wage increases exceed gains in output per man-hour, 

pressure on costs will increase because of the 

rise in unit labor costs, which ultimately must 

effect prices. Therefore, unless price declines

are prevalent among goods-producing industries, the effort to hold down inflation will be 

increasingly difficult.

In addition to the implications the shift toward services has important implications for 

the efforts to control inflation, it has a further 

effect in that the economy will be less prone to 

severe swings in employment. Services and government employment is usually less volatile 

than employment in the goods-producing sectors. As employment shifts toward services 

and State and local government, the Nation 

should experience much smaller and less severe 

swings in employment, when business downturns are experienced.

Another implication raised by these projections is the continuing decline in farm employment opportunities. As employment shifts 

away from the farm more problems will occur 

in urban areas that have under-funded public 

services, inadequate housing, and out moded 

transportation systems.

The 1980 projections show services and government employment increases of about 7 million each. A large number of these workers will 

be in areas such as the medical sector, which includes occupational groups already in critically 

short supply. Increased employment requirements in the medical or education fields as well 

as other sectors which require high skills or a 

significant amount of training have implications for educational planning. Expansion must be planned for professional schools

Table 8. Projected 1980 gross national product by major component.

[B illio n s o f 1 9 5 8 d o lla r s ]

P e r c e n t D is tr ib u tio n

A v e r a g e a n n u a l r a te

P r o je c te d 1 9 8 0 P r o je c te d 1 9 8 0 o f c h a n g e 1 9 6 5 -8 0 1

S e c to r 3 -p e r c e n t

u n e m p lo y m e n t

4 -p e r c e n t

u n e m p lo y m e n t

3 -p e r c e n t

u n e m p lo y m e n t

4 -p e r c e n t

u n e m p lo y m e n t

3 -p e r c e n t

u n e m p lo y m e n t

4 -p e r c e n t

u n e m p lo y m e n t

B a s ic

m o d e l

H ig h

d u r a b le s

B a s ic

m o d e l

H ig h

d u r a b le s

B a s ic

m o d e l

H ig h

d u r a b le s

B a s ic

m o d el

H ig h

d u ra b le s

B a s ic

m o d e l

H ig h

d u r a b le s

B a s ic

m o d el

H ig h

d u ra b le s

G r o s s N a t io n a l P r o d u c t _ _ — 1 ,1 6 5 .0 1 ,1 7 0 .0 1 ,1 5 5 .0 1 ,1 6 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 4 .3 4 .4 4 .3 4 .3

P e r s o n a l c o n s u m p tio n

e x p e n d itu r e s -------------------- ---------- -------------- 7 5 8 .3 7 4 8 .0 7 5 1 .9 7 4 1 .6 6 5 .1 6 3 .9 6 5 .1 6 3 .9 4 .4 4 .3 4 .3 4 .2

D u r a b le g o o d s ___ _________ 1 3 3 .2 1 4 2 .1 1 3 2 .1 1 4 0 .9 1 1 .4 12 .1 1 1 .4 1 2 .1 4 .7 5 .2 4 .7 5.1

G r o s s p r iv a te d o m e s tic in v e s t m e n t 1 8 6 .3 2 0 0 2 1 8 4 .7 1 9 8 .5 1 6 .0 1 7 .1 1 6 .0 17 .1 4 .3 4 .8 4 .2 4 .7

F ix e d in v e s t m e n t — ___ ___ 1 7 1 .2 1 8 4 .1 1 6 9 .7 1 8 2 .5 1 4 .7 1 5 .7 1 4 .7 1 5 .7 4 .4 4 .9 4 .3 4 .8

N o n r e s id e n tia l __________ 1 3 0 .4 1 3 7 .3 1 2 9 .3 1 3 6 .1 1 1 .2 1 1 .7 1 1 .2 1 1 .7 4 .6 5 .0 4 .6 4 .9

R e s id e n tia l _ _ _____________ 4 0 .9 4 6 .8 4 0 .5 4 6 .4 3 .3 4 .0 3 .3 4 .0 3 .7 4 .6 3 .6 4 .6

N e t e x p o r t s ------------ __ ------------- _ __ 9 .6 9 .6 9 .5 9 .5 .8 .8 .8 .8 3 .0 3 .0 2 .9 2 .9

G o v e r n m e n t ______________ _ __ _ 2 1 0 .8 2 1 2 .2 2 0 8 .9 2 1 0 .4 1 8 .1 18 .1 1 8 .1 18 .1 4 .1 4 .2 4 .1 4 .1

F e d e r a l __ . _ __ ________ 8 5 .0 9 9 .8 8 4 .3 9 9 .0 7 .3 8 .5 7 .3 8 .5 2 .6 3 .7 2 .5 3 .6

S ta t e a n d lo c a l . ____________________ 1 2 5 .8 1 1 2 .4 1 2 4 .6 1 1 1 .4 1 0 .8 9 .6 1 0 .8 9 .6 5 .4 4 .7 5 .4 4 .6

1 C o m p o u n d in te r e s t b a s e d b e tw e e n te r m in a l y e a r s . o m ic s , U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m e r c e . P r o je c t io n s a r e b y th e B u -

Source: H is t o r ic a l d a ta a r e f r o m th e O ffice o f B u s in e s s E c o n - re a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s .

9

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Table 9. Projected 1980 civilian employment1 by major sector

P e r c e n t d is tr ib u tio n

A v e r a g e a n n u a l r a te

o f g r o w t h 3

P r o je c t e d 1 9 8 0 P r o je c te d 1 9 8 0 1 9 6 5 -8 0

S e c to r 3 -p e r c e n t 4 - p e r c e n t 3 -p e r c e n t 4 - p e r c e n t 3 -p e r c e n t 4 - p e r c e n t

u n e m p lo y m e n t u n e m p lo y m e n t u n e m p lo y m e n t u n e m p lo y m e n t u n e m p lo y m e n t u n e m p lo y m e n t

B a s ic

H ig h

d u r a b le s B a s ic

H ig h

d u r a b le s B a s ic

H ig h

d u r a b le s B a s ic

H ig h

d u r a b le s B a s ic

H ig h

d u r a b le s B a s ic

H ig h

d u r a b le s

T o t a l _______________________ 9 9 ,6 0 0 2 9 9 ,4 0 0 9 8 ,6 0 0 2 9 8 ,4 0 0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 .9 1 .9 1 .9 1 .9

A g r ic u lt u r e , fo r e s t r y , a n d

fis h e r ie s _ _ . _ _ _ 3 ,1 8 8 3 ,1 9 2 3 ,1 5 6 3 ,1 6 0 3 .2 3 .2 3 .2 3 .2 - 2 . 5 - 2 . 5 - 2 . 5 - 2 . 5

M in in g ----- ------------------- _ 5 9 0 58 8 58 4 5 8 2 .6 .6 .6 .6 .8 - . 8 - . 9 - . 9

C o n s tr u c tio n __ _ _ _ 5 ,4 8 2 5 ,5 9 5 5 ,4 2 7 5 ,5 3 9 5.5 5 .6 5 .5 5 .6 2 .1 2 .3 2 .1 2 .2

M a n u f a c t u r in g __ ___________ 2 2 ,3 5 8 2 3 ,2 4 0 2 2 ,1 3 3 2 3 ,0 0 5 2 2 .4 2 3 .4 2 2 .4 2 3 .4 1 .3 1 .5 1 .2 1 .5

D u r a b le _ _ _____ 1 3 ,2 7 4 1 4 ,3 2 2 1 3 ,1 4 1 1 4 ,1 7 6 1 3 .3 1 4 .4 1 3 .3 1 4 .4 1 .5 2 .0 1 .4 1 .9

N o n d u r a b le _ __ _ 9 ,0 8 4 8 ,9 1 8 8 ,9 9 2 8 ,8 2 9 9.1 9 .0 9.1 9 .0 1.0 .9 .9 .8

T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m ­

m u n ic a t io n s a n d p u b lic

u tilit ie s _ _ __________ 4 ,9 7 6 4 ,9 6 1 4 ,9 2 6 4 ,9 1 1 5 .0 5 .0 5 .0 5 .0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0

W h o le s a le a n d r e ta il

t r a d e _ _ _ _ ___ 2 0 ,4 8 7 2 0 ,5 0 1 2 0 ,2 8 2 2 0 ,2 9 6 2 0 .6 2 0 .6 2 0 .6 2 0 .6 1 .9 1 .9 1 .9 1 .9

F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e a n d

r e a l e s ta te . _ _ 4 ,6 3 9 4 ,5 3 8 4 ,5 9 3 4 ,5 9 3 4 .7 4 .6 4 .7 4 .6 2 .2 2 .0 2.1 1 .9

S e r v ic e s _ _ _ _ ________________ 1 8 ,2 8 0 1 7 ,7 8 5 1 8 ,0 9 7 1 7 ,6 0 6 1 8 .4 1 7 .9 1 8 .4 1 7 .9 3 .4 3 .2 3 .3 3 .1

G o v e r n m e n t - _____ 1 6 ,8 0 0 1 6 ,2 0 0 1 6 ,6 3 2 1 6 ,0 3 8 1 6 .9 1 6 .3 1 6 .9 1 6 .3 3 .5 3 .2 3 .4 3 .1

H o u s e h o ld s _ ______________ - 2 ,8 0 0 2 ,8 0 0 2 ,7 7 0 2 ,7 7 0 2 .8 2 .8 2 .8 2 .8 .5 .5 .4 0 .4

1 C iv ilia n e m p lo y m e n t in c lu d e s w a g e a n d s a la r y e m p lo y m e n t , s e lf t e r n a tiv e , r e s u lts f r o m th e A r m e d F o r c e s ’ le v e ls o f 2 .9 m illio n b e in g

e m p lo y e d a n d u n p a id f a m i l y w o r k e r s . h ig h e r th a n th e 2 .7 m illio n in th e b a s ic m o d el.

2 T h e 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 lo w e r c iv ilia n e m p lo y m e n t in th e h ig h d u r a b le s a l- 3 C o m p o u n d in te r e s t r a te s b e tw e e n t e r m in a l y e a r s .

as well as for technical schools that train medical and dental technicians, in addition to technical aids in such areas as computer software 

technology or architectural engineering technology.

Large employment increases are also projected for personal services and wholesale and 

retail trade. These sectors employ hotel and 

motel workers and other service-oriented 

workers in addition to the workers needed to 

staff the expanding retail trade sector. Both of 

these areas have had difficulty in attracting 

personnel, because of the nature of the work 

and because of the pay scales. Both sectors will 

need to adjust wages or change the manner of 

doing business, or they will experience increasing difficulties in completing for talented and 

trained employees.

Construction, a sector currently experiencing shortages of skilled workers, will require, 

according to the 1980 projections, over 1.4 million additional employees. In order to meet this 

need, unquestionably more training will be 

needed, as well as increased apprenticeship opportunities and the elimination of unreasonable restrictions of entry in the skilled trades. 

Providing trained construction workers has 

been a question of increasing concern. It is one 

which must be answered if the Nation is to 

meet the critical needs in housing and public 

facilities.

Since the largest employment increases are 

projected for those areas in which serious 

shortages of highly trained and skilled personnel, already exist, the projections imply a need 

for a serious look at training and educational 

facilities to insure that they can meet the requirements of the 1970’s.

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Chapter II. Projection of Potential Gross National Product

The first step in making projections to 1980 is 

to determine limits. A quantitative framework 

is set for the projections by estimating the 

total quantity of goods and services that all 

employed persons might be expected to produce. Thus, the initial phase in the 1980 projections is developed by projecting the total labor 

force, specifying a ratio of unemployment, and 

projecting the size of the Armed Forces, in order to estimate civilian employment. Employment is translated into man-hours by projecting 

average hours. Potential GNP is derived by 

using a projected increase in man-hours and 

changes projected in labor productivity or 

gross national product per man-hour.

This chapter describes in detail each of the 

elements underlying the projection of potential 

gross national product for 1980. Each of these 

factors will be discussed in turn with the data 

shown in table 10. In the development of the 

1980 projections, four alternative projections 

were made. These four models are grouped into 

two sets— a basic model and high durable 

model. For each set a 3-percent and a 4-percent 

unemployment model is shown. The discussion 

throughout chapters II-IV will be limited to 

the basic models. In chapter V, the high durable models are discussed and comparisons made 

with the basic models. No direct comparisons 

are made between the 3- and 4-percent unemployment model in each of the sets since the 

projections were not developed to show the different types of policies necessary to achieve a

3-percent unemployment rate or a 4-percent 

unemployment rate. These alternatives are 

shown to give variations in level of unemployment for users who may prefer one level over 

the other.

Labor Force

The labor force of the United States is projected to grow at an average rate of 1.8 percent 

a year from 1965 to 1980, when it is expected 

to include 100.7 million persons.6 This is a significantly faster than the 1.3 percent growth 

rate anticipated for the total U.S. population 

during the same period.7 The projected rate of

growth in the labor force from 1965 to 1980 is 

also substantially greater than the 1.3 percent 

annual rate from 1957 to 1965. The faster rate 

is due primarily to the changing age distribution of the population. A continually increasing proportion will be found in the working 

age groups.

Changes in labor force participation rates 

are a minor factor in the projected growth rate 

of the labor force. The labor force projections, 

which were developed separately by sex and 

age group, show substantial change in the participation rate of some individual subgroups. 

For all males, however, a slight decrease in the 

participation rate is expected; and for all females a somewhat larger increase is projected. 

For the total population, the net effect is a 

very slight increase in the overall participation 

rate.

In the development of the 1980 projections, a 

3-and a 4-percent unemployment rate was assumed, compared with a 4.5 percent unemployment rate in 1965. The total level of unemployment in 1980 is, however, only slightly lower 

than the 1965 level in the 3-percent model and 

moderately higher in the 4-percent model, because of growth in the size of the labor force. 

The projections assume that the armed forces 

will return to their pre-Viet Nam level of 2.7 

million.

A similar level of labor force was used for 

both the 3-percent unemployment model and 

the 4-percent unemployment model, although 

evidence suggests that the supply of labor is 

responsive to changes in demand. For the period 1948-65, on the average a one percentage 

point change in the unemployment rate was accompanied by a one half percentage point 

change in the labor force in the opposite direction. There is, however, still considerable uncertainty as to how the supply of labor is affected by the timing and process by which the 

unemployment rate is reduced. Most of the re6 “The U.S. Labor Force Projections to 1985”,

M onth ly Labor R eview , May 1970.

7 U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-25, No. 381.

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search on the relation between participation 

rates and the rate of unemployment has been 

based on relatively short-term changes in both. 

It is not clear how applicable the relationships 

based on this research are to long-term, gradual changes in unemployment rates. A further 

question is raised about the applicability of 

functional relationships between labor force 

and unemployment rates, if the reduction in 

unemployment is achieved as a result of training and retraining programs focused upon specific groups of unemployed workers. Because of 

these factors and uncertainties, the 1980 

projections were developed using the same 

labor force in both unemployment models.

The 1980 projections were developed with 

1965 as the base period, because a number of 

elements have been substantially different in

the 1965-68 period than in prior years. These 

differences reflect to a considerable extent the 

economic effects of the Viet Nam war. Among 

the variables whose trend has been substantially different during the most recent period 

are: Average hours paid, defense spending as a 

proportion of total GNP, and the growth rate 

in total employment on a jobs concept compared with the growth rate of total employment on a persons basis. The decline of 0.8 in 

hours paid during the 1965-68 period has been 

much sharper than the longer run decline of

0.2 percent a year. Also, the growth rate in 

jobs, 3.0 percent a year, has been faster than 

the growth rate in employed persons, 2.5 percent a per year. Consequently, the adjustment 

ratio between the labor force employment and 

employment on a jobs concept is much larger

Table 10. Labor force, employment, annual hours, productivity and gross national products, actual, 1957, 1965-68 

and projected 1980

1 9 5 7 1 9 6 5 1 9 6 6 1 9 6 7 1 9 6 8

P r o je c te d

1 9 8 0

B a s ic m o d e l

A v e r a g e a n n u a l

r a te s o f c h a n g e 1

I t e m

1 9 5 7 -6 5 1 9 6 5 -6 8

1 9 6 5 - 80

( E m p lo y m e n t in th o u s a n d s ) 3 p e r ­

c e n t

4 p e r ­

c e n t

3 p e r ­

c e n t

4 p e r ­

c e n t

T o t a l la b o r fo r c e (in c lu d in g

m ilita r y ) 6 9 ,7 2 9 7 7 ,1 7 7 7 8 ,8 9 3 8 0 ,7 9 3 8 2 ,2 7 2 1 0 0 ,7 2 7 1 0 0 ,7 2 7 1 .3 2 .2 1 .8 1 .8

U n e m p lo y e d _ _ _ 2 ,8 5 9 3 ,3 6 6 2 ,8 7 5 2 ,9 7 5 2 ,8 1 7 2 ,9 4 0 3 ,9 1 8 2.1 - 5 . 7 — .9 1 .0

E m p lo y e d (P e r s o n s

c o n c e p t) ______ _______ . 6 6 ,8 7 0 7 3 ,8 1 1 7 6 ,0 1 8 7 7 ,8 1 8 7 9 ,4 5 5 9 7 ,7 8 7 9 6 ,7 8 8 1 .2 2 .5 1 .9 1 .8

A d ju s t m e n t _ -------- 4 ,0 8 3 3 ,8 7 8 4 ,8 8 3 4 ,9 3 4 5 ,2 3 3 5 ,1 0 9 5 ,0 7 9 - . 7 1 0 .5 1 .9 1 .8

E m p lo y m e n t (jo b s

c o n c e p t) _____ __________ 7 0 ,9 5 3 7 7 ,6 8 9 8 0 ,9 0 1 8 2 ,7 5 2 8 4 ,6 8 8 1 0 2 ,8 9 6 1 0 1 ,8 6 7 1.1 3 .0 1 .9 1 .8

G o v e r n m e n t 2 - _ _ - _ 9 ,7 5 6 1 1 ,9 9 4 1 3 ,1 5 8 1 3 ,9 3 1 1 4 ,4 1 4 1 8 ,5 0 0 1 8 ,3 1 5 2 .6 6 .3 2 .9 2 .8

F e d e r a l _ ____ - 4 ,5 3 1 4 ,5 6 9 5 ,1 1 8 5 ,5 0 7 5 ,6 0 9 4 ,9 0 0 4 ,8 5 1 .1 7.1 .5 .4

M ilit a r y _ _ _ 2 ,7 8 6 2 ,7 3 2 3 ,1 5 6 3 ,4 2 1 3 ,5 1 7 2 ,7 0 0 2 ,6 7 3 - . 2 8 .8 - . 1 - . 4

C iv ilia n ~ - - _ _ . - 1 ,7 4 5 1 ,8 3 7 1 ,9 6 2 2 ,0 8 6 2 ,0 9 2 2 ,2 0 0 2 ,1 7 8 .6 4 .4 1 .2 1 .1

S ta t e a n d lo c a l - . 5 ,2 2 5 7 ,4 2 5 8 ,0 4 0 8 ,4 2 4 8 ,8 0 5 1 3 ,6 0 0 1 3 ,4 6 4 4 .5 5 .8 4 .1 4 .0

P r iv a t e _ _ _ _ . . 6 1 ,1 9 7 6 5 ,6 9 5 6 7 ,7 4 3 6 8 ,8 2 1 7 0 ,2 7 4 8 4 ,3 9 6 8 3 ,5 5 2 .9 2 .3 1 .7 1 .6

A g r ic u lt u r e _ . _ _ . 5 ,9 1 4 4 ,3 3 8 3 ,9 6 3 3 ,8 6 0 3 ,8 1 1 2 ,8 0 0 2 .7 7 2 - 9 . 8 - 4 . 2 — 2 .9 - 2 . 9

N o n a g r ic u lt u r e 5 5 ,2 8 3 6 1 ,3 5 7 6 3 ,7 8 0 6 4 ,9 6 1 6 6 ,4 6 3 8 1 ,5 9 6 8 0 ,7 8 0 1 .3 2 .7 1 .9 1 .9

A v e r a g e a n n u a l m a n -h o u r s

p a id f o r :

P r iv a t e ___ ___ _ _______ _ 2 ,0 8 6 2 ,0 5 1 2 ,0 3 7 2 ,0 1 1 2 ,0 0 0 1 ,9 7 7 1 ,9 7 7 - . 2 - . 8 — .2 - . 2

A g r ic u lt u r e 2 ,3 7 1 2 ,3 7 6 2 ,3 6 1 2 ,3 4 0 2 ,3 3 0 2 ,2 7 1 2 ,2 7 1 - . 7 — .3 - . 3

N o n a g r ic u lt u r e _____ 2 ,0 5 4 2 ,0 2 8 2 ,0 1 7 1 ,9 9 1 1 ,9 8 1 1 ,9 6 7 1 ,9 6 7 — ’.2 - . 8 — .2 - . 2

T o t a l m a n -h o u r s

(m illio n s ) :

P r iv a t e 3 _ _ 1 2 7 ,6 4 0 1 3 4 ,7 8 1 1 3 7 ,9 7 5 1 3 8 ,3 6 9 1 4 0 ,5 4 2 1 6 6 ,8 5 8 1 6 5 ,1 8 9 .7 1 .4 1 .4 1 .4

A g r ic u lt u r e _ ___ 1 4 ,0 2 3 1 0 ,3 0 7 9 ,3 5 7 9 ,0 3 2 8 ,8 7 9 6 ,3 5 9 6 ,2 5 9 - 3 . 8 - 4 . 9 — 3 .2 - 3 . 2

N o n a g r ic u ltu r e 1 1 3 ,6 1 7 1 2 4 ,4 7 4 1 2 8 ,6 1 9 1 2 9 ,3 3 7 1 3 1 ,6 6 3 1 6 0 ,4 9 9 1 5 8 ,8 9 4 1.1 1 .9 1 .7 1 .6

G N P p e r m a n -h o u r

(1 9 5 8 d o lla r s )

P r iv a t e _ _ . 3 .2 2 4 .2 1 4 .3 6 4 .4 6 4 .6 1 6 .5 4 6 .5 4 3 .4 2 .8 3 .0 3 .0

A g r ic u lt u r e ____ ___ 1 .4 5 2 .3 0 2 .3 7 2 .6 2 2 .6 2 5 .1 3 5 .1 3 5 .9 4 .4 5 .5 5 .5

N o n a g r ic u lt u r e _____ 3 .4 4 4 .3 6 4 .5 1 4 .5 9 4 .7 4 6 .6 0 6 .6 0 3 .0 2 .8 2 .8 2 .8

T o t a l G N P (1 9 5 8 d o l l a r s ) . - 4 5 2 .5 6 1 7 .8 6 5 8 .1 6 7 4 .6 7 0 7 .6 4 1 ,1 6 8 .6 4 1 ,1 5 6 .9 4 .0 4 .6 4 .3 4 .3

G o v e r n m e n t _ _ __________ 4 1 .9 5 0 .8 5 4 .6 5 7 .6 5 9 .7 7 6 .7 7 5 .9 2 .4 5 .5 2 .8 2 .7

F e d e r a l _____ _ _______ 2 1 .5 2 1 .8 2 3 .9 2 5 .7 2 6 .3 2 3 .6 2 3 .4 .2 6 .4 .5 .5

M ilit a r y _ _ . _ _ 11 .1 1 0 .9 1 2 .3 1 3 .4 1 3 .9 1 0 .6 1 0 .5 - . 2 8 .4 — .2 - . 2

C iv ilia n _ . 1 0 .3 1 0 .9 1 1 .6 1 2 .3 1 2 .4 1 3 .0 1 2 .9 .7 4 .4 1 .2 1.1

S ta t e a n d lo c a l _ _ _ _ . 2 0 .4 2 9 .0 3 0 .7 3 1 .9 3 3 .5 5 3 .1 5 2 .6 4 .5 4 .9 4 .1 4 .0

P r iv a t e 4 1 0 .6 5 6 7 .0 6 0 3 .5 6 1 7 .0 6 4 7 .9 1 ,0 9 1 .9 1 ,0 8 1 .0 4 .1 4 .5 4 .5 4 .4

A g r ic u lt u r e . _ . 2 0 .3 2 3 .7 2 2 .4 2 3 .7 2 3 .3 3 2 .6 3 2 .3 1 .9 — .6 2.1 2 .1

N o n a g r ic u lt u r e _____ 3 9 0 .3 5 4 3 .3 5 8 0 .8 5 9 3 .3 6 2 4 .6 1 ,0 5 9 .3 1 ,0 4 8 .7 4 .2 4 .8 4 .6 4 .5

1 C o m p o u n d in te r e s t r a te b a s e d o n te r m in a l y e a r s .

2 F o r c o n s is te n c y w it h m e a s u r e s o f g o v e r n m e n t p r o d u c t, e s tim a te s

o f g o v e r n m e n t e m p lo y m e n t a r e th o s e d e v e lo p e d b y th e U .S . D e ­

p a r tm e n t o f C o m m e r c e , O ffic e o f B u s in e s s E c o n o m ic s .

3 In a c c o r d a n c e w ith th e c o n v e n tio n s in th e m e a s u r e m e n t o f

c o n s t a n t d o lla r g r o s s n a tio n a l p r o d u c t, p r o d u c tiv ity f o r g o v e r n ­

m e n t is a s s u m e d c o n s t a n t . S in c e n o c h a n g e in a v e r a g e h o u r s is

p r o je c te d f o r t h is s e c to r th e c h a n g e in g o v e r n m e n t p r o d u c t is e q u a l

to th e c h a n g e in e m p lo y m e n t.

4 G ro ss n a tio n a l p r o d u c t f o r 1 9 8 0 s h o w n h e r e is a s c o m p u te d , b u t

h a s b e e n ro u n d e d to $ 1 ,1 6 5 a n d $ 1 ,1 5 5 f o r c o n tr o l t o ta ls f o r th e r e ­

m a in in g c a lc u la tio n s .

N ote: 1 9 6 6 , 1 9 6 7 , a n d 1 9 6 8 d a ta a r e s h o w n f o r in fo r m a tio n

o n ly . T h e 1 9 8 0 e s tim a te s w e r e m a d e w it h 1 9 6 5 a s a b a s e .

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in 1968 than in 1965. The extent to which the 

growth rate in establishment employment has 

come from dual job holders would be a contributing factor to the sharp decline in hours during the 1965-68 period. Finally, defense spending has been much higher, both in level and as 

a proportion of GNP, from 1965 through 1968, 

to meet demands for Viet Nam. Although 1965 

was used as the base period for the 1980 

projections, later data are shown where available.

Conversion to Jobs

The initial projection of employment in 

1980 was made using the labor force series 

which was then converted to a level of employment consistent with the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ establishment series. The labor force 

series is a count of persons and the latter 

employment series is a count of jobs. The 

difference between the two series includes 

both coverage and statistical differences. In 

the coverage differences the employment series 

includes dual job holders and employees under 

16 years of age. While the labor force series 

is more suitable for use in aggregate projections, only the establishment series has detailed 

industry estimates.

The difference or adjustment factor between 

the series has not been sufficiently consistent in 

the past for it to be easily predictable. There is 

some indication that in the long run its size increases as the labor force increases. In the 

1980 projections the adjustment factor is projected to be a constant proportion of the labor 

force in the 1965 to 1980 period. In magnitude 

it increases from 3.9 million in 1965 to 5.1 million in 1980.

Hours

In order to estimate for 1980 the available 

man-hours of labor, it was neceessary to estimate change in average hours. The data on 

average hours used in making these projections 

are measures of hours paid. Although it would 

be preferable, at least from the viewpoint of

productivity, to have a measure of hours 

worked, such measures are not available for 

detailed industries. Therefore, the decline in 

hours shown would be different from those for 

a series of hours worked, since paid vacation 

and sick leave is included in the former series 

but is not included in the latter. Consequently 

the decline, both historical and projected, does 

not reflect the trend toward more paid leisure 

time.

By 1980, average hours are projected to decline 0.2 percent a year. This is the same rate as 

the 1957-65 decline in nonfarm average hours 

paid. The overall decline in average hours in 

the past has been the result of varying influences and differences among the sectors. Most 

goods-producing industries, excluding agriculture, showed very little change in hours paid 

from 1950 until a rise in overtime hours began 

in 1964-65. Services and trade sectors on the 

other hand, have shown a consistent decline 

throughout the post-World-War-II period.

In addition to the influence of sector differences on the decline in hours, other variables 

have influenced the trend. In the early postwar 

period the decline in hours resulted, to a 

considerable extent, from a reduction in the 

standard work week. However, a more important factor in the decline in hours during the 

later postwar period was the increasing proportion of partime employees. The increasing 

portion of the labor force engaged in part-time 

work can be seen in table 12.

During the period shown in this table, employment grew at 1.5 percent a year and parttime employment grew at 5.7 percent a year.

The 1980 projections of average hours assume a continued increase in part-time employment as a percent of the total, but no substantive reduction in the standard work week. The 

decline in total private average hours of 0.2 

percent a year from 1965 to 1980 is, therefore, 

about the same rate of decline as in the 

1957-65 period but is a slowdown from the 

rate for the entire postwar period and especially from that of the last three years. In fact, 

if the sharp decline in hours during the

1965—68 period of 0.8 percent a year is included and 1968 taken as a base, the 1968-80 

change implied by these projections is 0.1 percent decline a year in average yearly hours 

paid.

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Output Per Man-Hour

Because of the widely differing treatment of 

private and public productivity, estimates of 

aggregate GNP are derived by projecting private and public employment separately. Government employment must be projected independently because it is a policy variable and, at 

the same time, is not determined by the inputoutput system. Also, in accordance with the national income accounting conventions of the 

Office of Business Economics, Department of 

Commerce, constant productivity is assumed 

for all general government employment. This 

means that the level and rate of change in government output per man-hour is substantially 

different from the private sector and the relative importance of the two sectors must be 

taken into account in projecting potential output.

Within the private sector, the trend in output per man-hour was projected separately for 

the farm and for the nonfarm sectors because 

their productivity trends and levels have been 

quite different. In the past, increases have averaged about 6 percent a year in the farm sector as a result of rapid changes in technology 

and a continuing movement of employment 

away from farms as the number of marginal 

farms decline.

This movement between sectors indicated a 

shift of people from a low to a higher level of 

output per man-hour and gave an added impetus to the rate of increase in private sector output per man-hour for the 1947-67 period. For 

instance as pointed out by Jerome Mark, “Analysis of the effect of shifts on output per manhour for the private economy, derived by 

weighting the man-hours of industry divisions, 

indicates that for the postwar period, 1947-66,

0.3 percentage points of the 3.2 percent annual 

rate of increase was attributable to the effect 

of shifts among major sectors. Most of the 

shifts occurred during the first decade, when 

these shifts were about one-half of a percentage point of the growth in output per manhour. In recent years this growth has been reduced substantially and from 1957 to 1966, has 

amounted to about two-tenths of a percentage 

point.

The bulk of the effect of shifts among sectors occurred between the farm and nonfarm 

sectors. Shifts among the nonfarm sectors contributed relatively little to the change in output per man-hour.” 8

8 Paper by Jerome A. Mark, Assistant Commissioner 

for Productivity, Technology and Growth, Bureau of 

Labor Statistics, presented at a meeting of the American Statistical Association, Pittsburgh, Pa., August 

20-22, 1968.

1 able 11. Derivation of civilian employment control totals

1980

Component

1957 1965

Basic 3- 

percent 

model

Basic 4- 

percent 

model

3 percent 

High 

durables

4 percent 

High 

durables

1. Total employment (jobs concept) — _ ----------- 71.0 77.7 102.9 101.9 102.9 101.9 2. Less general government (national income basis) ----- 9.8 12.0 18.5 18.3 18.1 17.9

3. Total private employment ----- __ - _ 61.2 65.7 84.4 83.6 84.8 84.0 4. Agriculture ----- _ _ . — - _ 5.9 4.3 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8

5. Nonagriculture _ _ _ _ ____ 55.3 61.4 81.6 80.8 82.0 81.2 6. Self-employed _ _ _ _ _ — ----- _ ------- 6.0 6.2 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.6

7. Unpaid family workers _ __ _____ .6 .6 .7 .7 .7 .7

8. Households __ __ ---------------------- -- _ -- — 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8

9. Government enterprises __ _ _ — __ --------- .9 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

10. Wage and salary employment (private) _ --------- __ 45.3 50.7 69.8 69.1 70.2 69.5

11.

Adjustment to BLS government basis 

BLS total civilian government ___ ___ 7.6 10.1 16.8 16.6 16.2 16.0

12. BLS total nonagricultural wage and salary (sum of 

lines 10 and 11) __ ------- _ -------------------------- 52.9 60.8 86.6 85.7 86.4 85.5

13. Total civilian employment BLS government basis (sum 

of lines 4, 6, 7, 8, and 12) — _ ------- _ __ — 67.8 74.5 99.6 98.6 99.4 98.4

Sources for table 11 historical data:

Line 1. Sum of lines 2 and 3. Line 2. Office of Business Economics, same as in table 10. This government employment level is used to be consistent with government product from the same source. General government excludes 

government enterprises.

Lines 3, 4, and 5. BLS, Office of Productivity, Technology and 

Growth. Line 5 is the sum of lines 6-10. Lines 6-9. To the BLS published estimates of nonfarm establishment wage and salary employment is added to Office of Business 

Economics estimates of self-employed, household workers and government enterprise workers. These are consistent with estimates of

private GNP. Also added is the number of unpaid family workers 

published by the BLS from data collected as a part of the labor force series.

Lines 10, 11, and 12. BLS published establishment employment data. 

Government enterprises are included in government employment in 

the BLS series.

Line 13. Once the GNP has been developed on the basis of the 

Office, of Business Economics definition of government and private 

employment, we revert to BLS government definitions. The total 

shown here is the control total for the distribution of industry employment and is used throughout the remainder of the report.

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Table 12. Part-time employment as a percent of total employment, 1956-68

Year Total employment 

labor force

(millions of employees)

Nonagricultural 

part-time work 

for noneconomic 

reasons

(millions of employees)

Parttime 

as a

percent of 

total employment

1956 ________________________ 63,802 4,330 6.8

1957 ________________________ 64,071 4,515 7.0 1958 ________________________ 63,036 4,542 7.2

1959 ________________________ 64,630 4,889 7.6

1960 ________________________ 65,778 5,175 7.9 1961 ________________________ 65,746 5,361 8.2

1962 ________________________ 66,702 5,700 8.5

1963 ________________________ 67,762 6,021 8.9

1964 ________________________ 69,305 6,448 9.3

1965 ________________________ 71,088 6,740 9.5

1966 ________________________ 72,895 7,441 10.2

1967 ________________________ 74,372 8,048 10.8 1968 _________________ _______ 75,920 8,452 11.1

Source : E m p lo y m en t a n d E a rn in g s, Volume 15 No. 8, February 1969, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

As employment in the farm sector becomes a 

smaller proportion of the total, the effect of 

this shift becomes less significant. It is estimated that if each sector maintains its historical rate of change of output per man-hour to 

1980 the effect of the shift will virtually disappear.

For 1980, the rate of increase in output per 

man-hour in the private sector is projected to 

be approximately 3.0 percent a year. This 

change results from the combination of a 5.5 

percent rate for the farm sector and a 2.8 percent projected rate for the private nonfarm 

sector. This rate of projected farm output per 

man-hour provides for a slowdown from the 

1957-65 rate of 5.9 percent. Traditionally, 

farm output per man-hour has fluctuated 

widely, but even at the lower average rate projected, the change in farm output per manhour is expected to remain considerably above 

that in the nonfarm sector.

The private, nonfarm sector is assumed to 

maintain its historical output per man-hour 

growth rate of 2.8 percent a year. Even though 

the total nonfarm is projected at its historical 

rate, individual industries within the broad 

nonfarm sector, may deviate from their past 

productivity rates. The average rate assumed 

provides for greater than historical increases

in some industries to offset the shift in weight 

towards lower productivity industries.

GNP Growth Rate

By combining the projections of labor force, 

change in hours, and output per man-hour, the 

1980 gross national product is determined. The 

1965-80 real GNP growth rate which results is 

4.3 percent a year and the 1980 GNP is 1,165 

billion dollars (1958 $’s) for the 3-percent 

basic model. This overall growth rate in GNP 

is a combination of a 4.5 percent annual 

growth rate for the private sector and 2.8 percent annual rate for the public sector.9 In the

4-percent basic model the 1965-80 growth of 

GNP is also 4.3 percent, but combines a private 

sector growth of 4.4 percent with a 2.7 percent 

rate for the public sector and results in $1,155 

billion of GNP in 1980. The projected growth 

in real GNP of 4.3 percent a year to 1980 in 

both models is slightly higher than the 

1957-65 growth rate of 4.0 percent a year.

9 The public GNP in the national income and product 

accounts is simply the constant dollar wages and salaries of government employees. Thus, the 2.8 or 2.7 

percent growth rate reflects only the growth in public 

employment.

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Chapter III. Composition of Gross National Product

In chapter II the discussion centered around 

the development of the growth rate in real 

GNP from 1965 to 1980 and the factors which 

influenced this growth. In this chapter the discussion will focus on the composition of gross 

national product. The overall characteristics of 

the basic 1980 projection model is described 

first and then each of the major components of 

GNP are discussed in subsequent sections. In 

the final section the relationship between the 

purchases of goods and services by final users 

and the final demands by producing industries 

is discussed.

GNP components

The projections for 1980 associated with the 

basic 3-percent and the basic 4-percent unemployment models can be characterized as being 

most nearly representative of long-term 

trends. The levels, distributions, and rates of 

growth of GNP and its major components are 

presented for selected years and for projected 

1980 in tables 13 through 15.

Even though the projected economic structure in these models is generally consistent 

with the trends in recent years, two important 

changes should be noted: First, the projected 

level of defense spending constitutes a much 

lower proportion of GNP than it does at the 

present time. This is the result of a two-fold 

assumption, that the Viet Nam conflict will end 

in the early 1970’s with a significant reduction 

in military costs and that defense spending 

then will resume the declining trend relative to 

GNP that was operating prior to the Viet Nam 

acceleration. Secondly, residential construction 

is projected to be a larger proportion of GNP 

than it was in 1968. The trend in the ratio of 

housing expenditures to GNP—which reached 

a post-World War II low in 1967—is reversed 

in the 1980 projections because of the expected 

rise in the population age group most often associated with the purchase or rental of dwelling units.

For the other components of GNP the projected trend is closer to the recent trends. Durable consumer goods and consumer services 

will grow faster than total consumption while 

nondurable goods will grow more slowly—all 

in line with past trends. Nonresidential construction is projected to grow more slowly 

than producer durable equipment which is in 

accord with past trends. For foreign trade, the 

projected growth rate of exports is somewhat 

slower than imports. State and local government expenditures are projected to maintain a 

high rate of growth and constitute a larger 

share of total constant dollar GNP in 1980 

than at any time since the 1930-39 decade.

Each of the major components of GNP is 

discussed in detail in the following sections. 

Each section includes only a limited discussion 

of the industry composition although, in practice, the components of GNP are distributed to 

full input-output industry detail for use in projecting industry output.10

Personal consumption expenditures

Personal consumption expenditures (PCE) 

is by far the largest component of final demand, about two-thirds of total GNP. The projected 1980 levels of PCE are $758.3 billion 

and $751.9 billion (1958 dollars) for the 3-percent basic and 4-percent basic models, respectively. Data are available for over 80 individual categories of consumption as part of the 

national income and product accounts and the 

1980 projections were made at this level of detail. These data are summarized for selected 

years and projected 19B0 in tables 16 through 

18.

Time series of the PCE data, covering the 

years 1929 through 1965 (excluding World 

War II years), formed the basis for the 1980 

projections. The estimating equations or “functions” which were used in making the 1980 

projections were developed by Hendrik Hou10 See appendix D, tables D -l through D-8 for the 

full input-output sector detail for total GNP and each 

of the major components. For a detailed description of 

the methods used in deriving the bills of goods see 

appendix A.

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thakker and Lester D. Taylor.11 The time series for each item of consumption and for total 

consumption were expressed in constant 1958 

dollars per capita. Demand equations were estimated with the per capita consumption of an 

item expressed as a function of (a) past consumption of the item, (b) past consumption of 

all items, (c) the annual change in the level of 

total consumption, and (d) other variables, 

wherever significant.

The projected rate of increase in PCE of 4.4 

percent a year (4.3 in the 4-percent basic 

model) is a somewhat faster rate than occurred during the entire post-World-War-II period, but closer to the rate of 4.1 percent a year 

experienced in the 1957-65 period. This projected rate of growth in consumption is very 

close to the rate projected for GNP. Two of the 

three major subdivisions of consumer expenditures, durable goods and services, are projected 

to maintain rates of growth which are faster 

than total PCE. By 1980 both durable goods 

and services are projected to have a larger 

share of total consumption than any time in 

the post-war period. On the other hand, expenditures on nondurable goods are projected 

to continue their consistently slower rate of

11 Hendrik Houthakker and Lester D. Taylor, Consumer Demand in the United States. 1929—70, (Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1966). A 

later version of these equations will appear in a forthcoming book by Professor Houthakker and Dr. Taylor.

growth relative to durables and services. Consequently, nondurable goods are expected to 

constitute a distinctly smaller proportion of 

total PCE—and of total GNP as indicated in 

table 14—than it has in past years.

Among durable goods category, furniture 

and household equipment will show the most 

pronounced growth to 1980, consistent with 

the projected strong growth in housing demand. Projected expenditures for food and 

beverages as well as for clothing and shoes reflect the long run declining proportion of nondurables in consumers’ budgets. The other services subgroups, composed of a large number 

of heterogenous activities, owes its substantial 

growth to rapidly increasing expenditures for 

medical care, private education, and recreation. 

These comparisons are in terms of rates of 

growth and proportions, however, and not in 

terms of values, nearly every category of PCE 

has a higher projected constant dollar value in 

1980 than it had in the historical period.

Gross private domestic investment

Gross private domestic investment (GPDI) 

includes spending for private plant and equipment, residential structures and the net change 

in business inventories. In 1980, this investment is projected to total $186.3 billion (1958 

dollars) and to grow at 4.3 percent a year from 

1965 to 1980 in the basic 3-percent unemployment model. In the 4-percent basic model the

Table 13. Gross national product by major components, selected years and projected 1980

[Billions of 1958 dollars]

Components

1957 1962 1965 1967 1968

Projected 1980

Basic models

3 percent 4 percent

Gross National Product _ _ - --------- - - - - - - - - 452.5 530.0 617.8 674.6 707.6 1,165.0 1,155.0 Personal consumption expenditures _ — 288.2 338.6 397.7 430.3 452.6 758.3 751.9 Durable g o o d s . __ ____ _ _ — — . . 41.5 49.2 66.6 72.8 80.7 133.2 132.1 Nondurable goods ____ - - — . _ — . . 138.7 158.4 178.6 190.3 196.9 295.9 293.4

Services _ _ --------- ----- — -------------- 108.0 131.1 152.5 167.2 175.0 329.2 326.4

Gross private domestic investment - — - 68.8 79.4 99.2 100.8 105.7 186.3 184.8 Fixed investment ___ . ___ ___ _ _ _. 67.6 73.4 90.1 93.9 99.1 171.2 169.8

Nonresidential __ ____ _ __ _____ 47.4 49.7 66.3 73.6 75.8 130.4 129.3

Structures - ____________________________ 18.2 17.9 22.3 22.6 22.7 36.5 36.2

Producers’ durable equipment --------------- 29.1 31.7 44.0 51.0 53.2 93.9 93.1

Residential structures ___ - __ _ 20.2 23.8 23.8 20.3 23.3 40.9 40.5

Change in business inventories . _ 1.2 6.0 9.0 6.9 6.6 15.1 15.0

Net exports of goods and services - _ _ 6.2 4.5 6.2 3.6 0.9 9.6 9.5

Exports _____ ____ __ __ __ ......... 26.2 30.0 37.4 42.1 45.6 79.2 78.5

Imports _____ _ __ ___ _ __ 19.9 25.5 31.2 38.5 44.7 69.6 69.0

Government purchases of goods and services__ 89.3 107.5 114.7 140.0 148.4 210.8 208.9 Federal _ _ ____ ____ __ ___ 51.7 60.0 57.9 74.8 78.9 85.0 84.3

State and local_______________ _ ____ 37.6 47.5 56.8 65.2 69.5 125.8 124.6

Source: Historical data from the Office of Business Economics, of Labor Statistics. 

U.S. Department of Commerce, and projections are from the Bureau

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Table 14. Gross national product by major components, selected years and projected 1980

[Percent distribution based on 1958 dollars]

Projected 1980

Components

1957 1962 1965 1967 1968

Basic models

3-percent 4-percent

Gross National Product ------- 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100,0 100.0

Personal consumption expenditures _______ - 63.7 63.9 64.4 63.8 64.0 65.1 65.1

Durable goods -------------------- __ - -_ - -. 9.2 9.3 10.8 10.8 11.4 11.4 11.4

Nondurable goods -___ - ___ 30.7 29.9 28.9 28.2 27.8 25.4 25.4

Services _ _ __ 23.9 24.7 24.7 24.8 24.7 28.3 28.3

Gross private domestic investment - _ 15.2 15.0 16.1 14.9 14.9 16.0 16.0 Fixed investment _ _ _ ___ __ 14.9 13.8 14.6 13.9 14.0 14.7 14.7 Nonresidential ___________ - . 10.5 9.4 10.7 10.9 10.7 11.2 11.2

Structures __ _______ ___ 4.0 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.1 Producers’ durable equipment _ 6.4 6.0 7.1 7.6 7.5 8.1 8.1

Residential structures ___ _____ __ 4.5 4.5 3.9 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.5

Change in business inventories _____ .3 1.1 1.5 1.0 .9 1.3 1.3

Net exports of goods and services . . _____ - 1.4 .8 1.0 .5 .1 .8 .8

Exports __ ______ _______ ____ 5.8 5.7 6.1 6.2 6.4 6.8 6.8

Imports _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4.4 4.8 5.1 5.7 6.3 6.0 6.0

Government purchases of goods and services___ 19.7 20.3 18.6 20.9 21.0 18.1 18.1

Federal___ _ _ ______ ______ 11.4 11.3 9.4 11.1 11.2 7.3 7.3

State and local __ _ _ _ 8.3 9.0 9.2 9.7 9.8 10.8 10.8

projected growth rate is 4.2 percent a year for 

a 1980 total of $184.8 billion. These projections 

compare with a 1957-65 growth rate of 4.7 

percent for total GPDI. (See table 15.)

The role of GPDI in the input-output system 

differs from the other areas of final demand in 

that investment goods (except for residential 

construction) are purchased by the sectors 

which constitute the system. Therefore, a direct relationship exists between industry 

growth rates, the level of investment required 

by the respective industries, and the demands 

on the industries producing investment goods. 

As a consequence, the projection of investment 

demand is a sequential process.

Projections of investment demand are made 

separately for the major components of GPDI 

and at the level of detail for which data are 

available. Originally, the projections are based 

on analyses of past trends and relationships. 

As the model is developed, the projections are 

modified on the basis of information generated 

by the input-output system in order to achieve 

a balance between the derived industry growth 

rates and investment demand. The composition 

of GPDI is discussed in more detail in the following paragraphs.

P riva te residential construction. Housing expenditures are expected to be high during the 

1970,s. Private residential construction is projected to total $40.9 billion in the 3-percent 

model and $40.5 billion in the 4-percent basic 

model (1958 dollars) in 1980. Stated in terms 

of units, from 2.6 to 2.9 million private nonfarm starts are projected in the basic 1980 

models, depending on the mix assumed between 

single family housing and multifamily units.12 

In addition to new dwelling units, the expenditure level for private residential construction 

includes the costs of alterations and additions 

to existing homes and expenditures on motel 

and hotels.

In the long run, the level of expenditure for 

housing is determined by changes in the size 

and age distribution of the population. During 

the next decade the major changes in the population distribution will show an increasing proportion of young adults and retired persons. 

Thus, the central problems in projecting the 

level of demand for housing to 1980 concern 

the timing of demand and the proportions of 

that demand for single family and multi-family 

units.

On the basis of the changing age distribution of population, apartment building through 

1975 is projected to be particularly strong; by 

1980 a further shift in the age structure could 

alter demand back toward a larger proportion 

of single family housing—assuming the availability of land and other resources necessary for 

this type of structure. This later shift would 

occur as young adults acquire families and if 

they choose the traditional pattern of single 

family housing.

12 This range of construction would encompass— 

depending on the time path assumed—the goal of 26 

million new housing units in the decade 1969-78 set 

forth as the National Housing Goals in the Housing 

and Urban Development Act of 1968.

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Spending gains in other types of nonfarm 

residential construction— hotels, motels and 

additions and alternations— are expected to 

follow the general economic trends.

P lant and equ ip m en t. Plant and equipment 

expenditures provide one of the major factors 

influencing growth in industries as well as in 

the economy as a whole. Among the motivating 

forces behind the purchase of plant and equipment by a firm are a desire to expand productive capacity for either present or new markets 

and to control costs through capital equipment 

possessing improved technology. The 1980 

projections of plant and equipment spending 

considers these factors to the extent possible.

Spending on plant and equipment is expected 

to be at least two thirds of all GPDI in 1980. 

In the basic models the projected level of spending is 12 percent of private GNP— about the 

same ratio that occurred during the relatively 

high investment years 1965-69. In the 3-percent model the projection of $130.4 billion 

(1958 dollars) of nonresidential fixed investment is divided between $36.5 for structures 

and $93.9 billion for producers’ durable equipment. For the 4 percent model the $129.3 billion 

level of spending (1958 dollars) comprises 

$36.2 billion for structures and $93.1 billion for 

equipment.

Among all the producer durable equipment 

industries the following groups are projected 

to show the largest gains between 1965 and 

1980 in terms of demand: Industries 56 and 66,

communication equipment; industry 60, civilian aircraft and parts; industry 61, office, computing, and accounting machinery; industry 

63, optical and photographic equipment (including photocopying); and industry 40, heating, plumbing, and fabricated structural metal 

products. Most of the other industries expected 

to show a greater than average rate of growth 

during the projected period are connected with 

electrical equipment, devices, or parts. Included in this group are industries 53, electrical industrial equipment; industry 55, electric 

light and wiring equipment; industry 57, electronic components and accessories; and industry 58, miscellaneous electrical machinery and 

supplies.

When considered individually, the equipment 

groups characterized by above average growth 

rates in terms of demand make up relatively 

small proportions of total equipment spending; 

none of these groups currently are more than 7 

percent of equipment spending, and they are 

not expected to exceed 10 percent of total 

equipment spending in 1980. The larger equipment groups will have less than average growth 

rates and are associated mainly with farming, 

mining and railroading.

Spending for new plant is expected to grow 

less than spending for equipment. This is due 

to a slower than average rate of growth in certain institutional and utility building, railroad 

structures and farm structures. Increases in industrial building will be less than the increases 

in equipment purchases, due to the historical

Table 15. Changes in gross national product by major components, selected years and projected 1980

[ A v e r a g e a n n u a l r a t e o f c h a n g e b a s e d o n 1 9 5 8 d o lla r s ] 1

C o m p o n e n ts

1 9 5 7 -6 5 1 9 5 7 -6 2 1 9 6 2 -6 5 1 9 6 5 -6 8

1 9 6 5 --1 9 8 0

B a s ic m o d els

3 p e r c e n t 4 p e r c e n t

G r o s s N a t io n a l P r o d u c t _ _ _ — - - . _ — 4 .0 3 .2 5 .3 4 .6 4 .3 4 .3

P e r s o n a l c o n s u m p tio n e x p e n d itu r e s - ---------- - - - 4.1 3 .3 5 .5 4 .4 4 .4 4 .3

D u r a b le g o o d s __ ------------------ ------------- --------------- -------- 6.1 3 .5 1 0 .6 6 .6 4 .7 4 .7

N o n d u r a b le g o o d s _ _ _ _ _ ___ ___ 3 .2 2 .7 4 .1 3 .3 3 .4 3 .4

S e r v ic e s _ _ - _ _ _ _ - _____ - - - - - - 4.4 4.0 5.2 4.7 5.3 5.2

G r o s s p r iv a te d o m e s tic in v e s t m e n t - - - 4 .7 2 .9 7 .7 2.1 4 .3 4 .2

F ix e d in v e s t m e n t . _ --------------- 3 .7 1 .7 7.1 3 .2 4 .4 4 .3

N o n r e s id e n tia l ___ ___ __ ------------------------------------------ 4 .3 1 .0 1 0 .1 4 .6 4 .6 4 .6

S tr u c tu r e s ___ - - ______ 2 .6 - . 3 7 .6 .6 3 .3 3 .3

P r o d u c e r s ’ d u r a b le e q u ip m e n t 5 .3 1 .7 1 1 .5 6 .5 5 .2 5.1

R e s id e n tia l s tr u c tu r e s 2.1 3 .3 - . 7 3 .7 3 .6

C h a n g e in b u s in e s s in v e n to r ie s 3 .5 3 .5

N e t e x p o r ts o f g o o d s a n d s e r v ic e s - - 3 .0 2 .9

E x p o r t s ___ _ _____ __ ___ _ _____________ 4 .5 2 .7 7 .6 6 .8 5.1 5.1

I m p o r t s ___ _ - _____ ______________________ ___ 5 .8 5.1 7 .0 1 2 .7 5 .5 5 .4

G o v e r n m e n t p u r c h a s e s o f g o o d s a n d s e r v ic e s _____ 3 .2 3 .8 2 .2 9 .0 4 .1 4.1

F e d e r a l - __ _ _ __ _ ____ _ 1.4 3.0 - 1 . 2 1 0 .9 2 .6 2 .5

S ta te a n d l o c a l ___ ___ _ _ ________ _______________ _______ 5 .3 4 .8 6.1 7 .0 5.4 5 .4

1 C o m p o u n d in te r e s t r a t e s b a s e d o n t e r m in a l y e a r s .

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Table 16. Personal consumption expenditures, by major types, for selected years and projected 1980

' [B illio n s o f 1 9 5 8 d o lla r s ]

F u n c tio n 1 9 5 0 1 9 5 7 1 9 6 2 1 9 6 5 1 9 6 7 1 9 6 8

P r o je c te d 1 9 8 0

3 -p e r c e n t

u n e m p lo y m e n t

4 -p e r c e n t

u n e m p lo y m e n t

T o t a l p e r s o n a l c o n s u m p tio n e x p e n d itu r e s ___ - 2 3 0 .5 2 8 8 .2 3 3 8 .4 3 9 7 .7 4 3 0 .3 4 5 2 .6 7 5 8 .3 7 5 1 .8

D u r a b le g o o d s — — _ ---------------------------------- — 3 4 .7 4 1 .5 4 9 .2 6 6 .6 7 2 .8 8 0 .7 1 3 3 .2 1 3 2 .1

A u to m o b ile s a n d p a r ts - - _____ - - _ - 1 5 .9 1 8 .8 2 1 .8 3 0 .4 3 0 .6 3 6 .1 5 0 .8 5 0 .4

F u r n it u r e a n d h o u se h o ld e q u ip m e n t - - 1 5 .1 1 7 .4 2 0 .5 2 7 .4 3 1 .4 3 3 .3 6 1 .2 6 0 .7

O th e r _________________ _________ ___________________ 3 .7 5 .3 6 .8 8 .8 1 0 .7 1 1 .3 2 1 .1 2 0 .9

N o n d u r a b le g o o d s ------------ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . _ . 1 1 4 .0 1 3 8 .2 1 5 8 .2 1 7 8 .6 1 9 0 .3 1 9 6 .9 2 9 5 .9 2 9 3 .4

F o o d a n d b e v e r a g e s ________ 6 3 .2 7 6 .2 8 3 .9 9 2 .1 9 5 .4 9 8 .4 1 4 7 .1 1 4 5 .8

C lo th in g a n d sh o e s ____________________________ 2 1 .8 2 4 .4 2 8 .4 3 3 .4 3 6 .8 3 7 .9 5 2 .2 5 1 .8

G a s o lin e a n d o il _ _ _ ___ _________ ______ 6 .5 1 0 .5 1 2 .5 1 4 .4 1 5 .8 1 6 .9 2 2 .9 2 2 .7

O th e r ___ __________________ _ ___________________ 2 2 .5 2 7 .5 3 3 .4 3 8 .7 4 2 .3 4 3 .8 7 3 .7 7 3 .1

S e r v ic e s ______________________ _ ___________________ _ 8 1 .8 1 0 8 .0 1 3 1 .1 1 5 2 .5 1 6 7 .2 1 7 5 .0 3 2 9 .2 3 2 6 .4

H o u s in g _______ __________ _ _ ________________ 2 6 .8 3 9 .3 4 9 .1 5 8 .1 6 3 .5 6 6 .7 1 3 4 .4 1 3 3 .2

H o u s e h o ld o p e r a t io n __________ ______ _ 1 1 .7 1 6 .7 2 0 .4 2 3 .2 2 5 .8 2 6 .9 4 7 .8 4 7 .4

T r a n s p o r t a t io n _________________________ _______ 8 .5 9 .5 9 .9 1 1 .0 1 2 .0 1 2 .6 2 1 .8 2 1 .6

O th e r ___ ___ ________ _ _____________ 3 4 .8 4 2 .5 5 1 .7 6 0 .2 6 6 .0 6 8 .7 1 2 5 .2 1 2 4 .1

N ote: V a lu e s a r e a t p u r c h a s e r p r ic e s .

Source: H is t o r ic a l d a ta a r e f r o m O ffice o f B u s in e s s E c o n o m ic s ,

downtrend in the ratio of plant to equipment 

expenditures. However, commercial, office 

building, hospital construction, and social and 

recreational structures are expected to show 

large gains in the projection period.

C hanges in business in ven to ries. Business inventories may be held by either producing or 

consuming industries. In fact, most data on inventories are reported by consuming or purchasing industries, while the input-output classification places inventories in the producing 

industries. Therefore, it is necessary to convert 

historical data from a purchaser-holding to a 

producer-holding basis in order to derive appropriate industry distributions of inventories. 

The sector distribution of total projected inventory change is made on the basis of historical distributions and modified in some instances after individual industry growth rates 

are derived.

The net change in inventories is estimated to 

total 1.3 percent of 1980 output or about $15 

billion. Implicit in this project is a slow decline in the sales-inventory ratio.

Net exports

Projections of gross exports are made initially for seven major balance-of-payments categories of goods and services.13 Each of the 

categories were projected separately with respect to the major trading partners of the 

United States, based partially on data developed by the United Nations and the OrganizaU .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m e r c e . P r o je c t io n s a r e b y th e B u r e a u o f

L a b o r S ta t is t ic s .

tion for Economic Cooperation and Development on expected changes of population, 

industrial production, and real gross national 

product. The projection for each of the balanceof-payments categories was further disaggregated into input-output industry detail based 

on 1958-65 trends in industry composition.

The 1980 projection of U.S. exports and imports imply an improved net export position 

compared with recent years. Both exports and 

imports are expected to constitute a larger 

share of GNP in 1980 than in 1965— continuing the trend of the past decade but at a diminishing differential rate.

The merchandise component of the net exports balance is expected to be less than onehalf of the total balance in 1980, compared 

with about two-thirds in 1965. The nonmerchandise balance of net exports has been an increasing proportion of the net export balance 

in recent years and is expected to gain a larger 

share by 1980. The recent increases in the net 

export balance of nonmerchandise transactions 

result primarily from increased royalty receipts and income from investments abroad; 

the projected increases are contingent upon the 

assumption that temporary barriers to the overseas flow of capital will not be continued indefinitely.

In d u stry stru ctu re o f ex p o rts . The projected 

industry composition of gross exports indicates

13 The categories correspond to those shown in table 

I, “ U.S. International Transactions,” Survey of Current Business, June 1969.

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that products of manufacturing industries in 

1980 are expected to be a slightly greater proportion of total exports of goods and services. 

The share of manufacturing is projected to be 

nearly 55 percent of gross exports compared 

with about 52 percent in 1965. On the other 

hand, agricultural and mining products are expected to decline slightly as a proportion of 

total exports.

In individual export categories, computers 

and scientific and controlling instruments are 

projected to show the greatest rates of increase 

from 1965 to 1980 among durable manufacturing industries. In the nondurables area, paper 

products and chemicals are expected to increase their share of total exports. Other nondurables and agricultural products and services are estimated to expand at a slower pace. 

Mining products should make up a slightly 

smaller share of total exports than they did in 

1965. The major factor in the export of services is the continued growth of income, fees, 

and royalties from U.S. investments abroad 

mentioned previously.

In d u stry stru ctu re o f im p orts. In the inputoutput system, imports are grouped into two 

categories—those directly allocated to final demand and those allocated to the comparable 

domestic industry. Those in the former group 

are estimated as a part of the projection procedure of the final demand component into which 

they fall. The imports of the latter group are 

inputs into one of the sectors of the system; 

they are first evaluated in terms of product 

class data and projected independently on the

basis of historical trends and— depending on 

the product class— import quotas and supply 

limitations. The projected levels then take the 

form of input coefficient for their respective 

sectors. A subsequent balancing procedure is 

required in order to arrive at an industry by 

industry balance between the level of imports, 

the domestic inputs, and the derived industry 

growth rate. Further discussions on the treatment of imports and the balancing procedure is 

to be found in appendix A.

Changes in the projected 1980 industry 

composition of imports of goods and services 

from 1965 generally parallel those outlined for 

exports. Manufacturing industries should increase their share of imports while agricultural and mining products and most nondurables expand more slowly. Among the durable 

manufacturing sectors, imports of automobiles 

and other transportation equipment, as well as 

radios and televisions and many types of capital equipment, are expected to increase their 

share of total imports to 1980. With the exception of chemicals, nondurable manufacturing 

industries should experience a constant or declining share of total imports over the 1965-80 

period.

The major impetus to the imports of services 

is the expected sharp rise in payments to foreign freight carriers from 1965 to 1980. Other 

changes anticipated are a considerable rise in 

spending on foreign travel by U.S. residents 

and increasing income payments on foreignheld assets in the United States.

Imports assigned to final demand sectors in 

the input-output system are expected to constiTable 17. Distribution of personal consumption expenditures by major types, for selected years and projected

1980

[ I n p e r c e n t]

P r o je c te d 1 9 8 0

F u n c tio n 1 9 5 0 1 9 5 7 1 9 6 2 1 9 6 5 1 9 6 7 1 9 6 8 B a s ic m o d e ls

3 p e r c e n t 4 p e r c e n t

T o t a l p e r s o n a l c o n s u m p tio n e x p e n d itu r e s ------------- 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 0

D u r a b le g o o d s _____ _____ — — - - - 1 5 .1 1 4 .4 1 4 .5 1 6 .7 1 6 .9 1 7 .8 1 7 .6 1 7 .6

A u to m o b ile s a n d p a r ts - - -------- - - 6 .9 6 .5 6 .4 7 .6 7.1 8 .0 6 .7 6 .7

F u r n it u r e a n d h o u se h o ld e q u ip m e n t _ - 6 .6 6 .0 6.1 6 .9 7 .3 7.4 8.1 8.1

O th e r __ - - - - - ------------- — 1 .6 1 .8 2 .0 2 .2 2 .5 2 .5 2 .8 2 .8

N o n d u r a b le g o o d s ---------------------- --------------------------------- 4 9 .4 4 8 .1 4 6 .7 4 4 .9 4 4 .2 4 3 .5 3 9 .0 3 9 .0

F o o d a n d b e v e r a g e s _ — _ _ - __ 2 7 .4 2 6 .4 2 4 .8 2 3 .2 2 2 .2 2 1 .3 1 9 .4 1 9 .4

C lo th in g a n d s h o e s -------------------- - ------------- 9 .5 8 .5 8 .4 8 .4 8 .6 8 .4 6 .9 6 .9

G a s o lin e a n d o il _ _ _ _ _ -------- 2 .8 3 .6 3 .7 3 .6 3 .7 3 .7 3 .0 3 .0

O t h e r _ ------------------------------- -------------- __ — 9 .8 9 .5 9 .9 9 .7 9 .8 9 .7 9 .7 9 .7

S e r v ic e s _ — _ _ _ __ ___________ 3 5 .5 3 7 .5 3 8 .8 3 8 .3 3 8 .9 3 8 .7 4 3 .4 4 3 .4

H o u s in g _ -------------------- ____ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 .6 1 3 .6 1 4 .5 1 4 .6 1 4 .8 1 4 .7 1 7 .7 1 7 .7

H o u s e h o ld o p e r a tio n ___ ____________ __ _ 5.1 5.8 6 .0 5 .8 6 .0 5 .9 6 .3 6 .3

T r a n s p o r t a t io n _ _ _ _ _______ 3 .7 3 .3 2 .9 2 .8 2 .8 2 .8 2 .9 2 .9

O th e r _ _ ______________ ______ 1 5 .1 1 4 .8 1 5 .3 1 5 .1 1 5 .3 1 5 .2 1 6 .5 1 6 .5

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Table 18. Annual rate of change in personal consumption expenditures by major types, for selected periods

[A v e r a g e in p e r c e n t] 1

F u n c tio n

S e le c te d p e r io d s 1 9 6 5 -8 0

1 9 5 0 -6 5 1 9 5 0 -5 7 1 9 5 7 -6 5 1 9 5 7 -6 2 1 9 6 5 -6 8

B a s ic m o d e ls

3 p e r c e n t 4 p e r c e n t

P e r s o n a l c o n s u m p tio n e x p e n d itu r e s _ _____ 3 .7 3 .2 4.1 3 .3 4 .4 4 .4 4 .3

D u r a b le g o o d s _ _ _ . _______ 4 .4 2 .6 6 .1 3 .5 6 .6 4 .7 4 .7

A u t o m o b ile s a n d p a r ts _ - _ 4 .3 2 .4 6.1 3 .0 5 .9 3 .5 3 .4

F u r n it u r e a n d h o u se h o ld e q u ip m e n t _ _ _ 4 .1 2 .0 5 .9 3 .3 6 .7 5 .5 5 .4

O th e r __ ________ ___ _ _ ________ 5 .9 5 .3 6 .5 5 .1 8 .7 6 .0 5 .9

N o n d u r a b le g o o d s _ _ _ . . _ _ . . 3.1 2 .9 3 .2 2 .7 3 .3 3 .4 3 .4

F o o d a n d b e v e r a g e s 2 .6 2 .7 2 .4 2 .0 1 .6 3 .2 3 .1

C lo th in g a n d sh o e s _ _ 2 .9 1 .6 4.1 3 .1 4 .3 3 .0 3 .0

G a s o lin e a n d oil _ _ - . 5 .3 7.1 3 .8 3 .5 5 .5 3 .2 3.1

O th e r _________________ ___________ _ _ _ ______ 3 .7 2 .9 4 .4 4 .0 4 .2 4 .4 4 .3

S e r v ic e s _ _ . . _ . _ 4 .3 4 .0 4 .5 4 .0 4 .7 5 .3 5 .2

H o u s in g _ _ _ _ _ 5 .3 5 .6 5 .0 4 .6 4 .7 5 .8 5 .7

H o u s e h o ld o p e r a tio n - _ . . 4 .7 5 .2 4 .3 4 .1 5.1 4 .9 4 .9

T r a n s p o r t a t io n ___ ___ _ 1 .7 1 .6 1 .7 0 .8 4 .6 4 .7 4 .6

O th e r ___ 3 .8 2 .9 4 .6 4 .0 4 .5 4 .9 4 .9

1 C o m p o u n d in te r e s t r a t e b a s e d o n t e r m in a l y e a r s .

tute a smaller share of total imports in 1980 

than in 1965. The expected slow growth in purchases abroad by Federal Government agencies 

—especially the Department of Defense when 

the Viet Nam war ends— will more than offset 

the sizable expansions in personal consumption 

expenditures on imported goods and services, 

including those on foreign travel. The reduction 

in defense expenditures abroad assumes that 

the United States will not be involved in any 

major military action in 1980.

Government expenditures

The projections to 1980 of government purchases of goods and services are based on a review of past developments, anticipated future 

trends, and an examination of other factors— 

such as the changing age distribution of the 

population and population migration—which 

are expected to influence expenditure patterns. 

The projections include an evaluation of the 

future effect of recent legislative changes, on 

government expenditures, including those involving aid to education, medicare, and other 

health and welfare programs.

Projecting Federal, State and local expenditures presents particular difficulties due to the 

method of channeling governmental funds. Expenditures for many Federal programs are in 

the form of grants or transfer payments and 

do not appear as purchases of goods and services by the Federal sector in the national income accounting system—the framework for 

these projections. The grants and transfer payments are recorded as expenditures by the sector of final demand that actually uses the 

funds to purchase goods and services. For example, Federal funds for health, education, 

conservation, and highways show up prominently in the direct purchases of State and 

local governments. In the same manner, Social 

Security transfer payments are included as a 

part of personal consumption expenditures. Of 

course, in projecting the level and distribution 

of other components of final demand which involve the use of Federal funds, the effect of 

Federal programs over time is considered.

Although the future influence of recent 

legislation can be projected with a reasonable 

degree of accuracy, an attempt to project the 

expenditure effect of future legislation is an entirely different matter and beyond the scope of 

this study. As a consequence, if new government programs of large dimensions should 

emerge or if there emphasis of existing programs shifts radically, the structure of demand in 1980 will differ from that of any of 

the models presented here. In brief, these 

projections of Federal and State and local government purchases of goods and services are 

intended to represent the expenditure structures as they are expected to develop through a 

continuation of present programs.

For both Federal and State and local government the projections by major function are 

distributed initially into three major categories : employee compensation, construction, and 

all other purchases of material, equipment, and 

services. Consistent with the assumption in the 

national income accounts of no productivity 

change in the Government sector, constant dol22

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lar employee compensation 14 is projected to increase in the same proportion as the change in 

government employment. Construction expenditures are estimated by type of construction 

such as education or hospitals. The other purchases for each function are distributed to 

producing sectors on the basis of expenditure 

patterns developed for the basic 1958 inputoutput table and modified to account for anticipated shifts in the mix of the goods and services purchased.

F ed era l G ov ern m en t. Total 1980 Federal 

Government expenditures for goods and services are projected to increase to $85.0 billion 

in the 3-percent basic model projections and 

$84.3 in the 4-percent basic model. The proportion of defense spending to total government 

spending is assumed to decline sharply in the 

1980 projections from the 1965 level. In 1980, 

nondefense activities are anticipated to be 

above their historic highpoints both in relation 

to Federal spending and to total GNP. It 

should be noted that much of the increase in 

Federal nondefense expenditures for new con14 In the input-output system of accounts, employee 

compensation does not include the payroll of “force 

account” government employees, i.e., Federal or State 

and local Government employees working on new or 

maintenance construction, as opposed to contract construction. Their payroll is included as part of the new 

and maintenance construction expenditures by government.

struction and purchases from the private sector depends upon a continuance of recent legislative patterns in the fields of health, education, conservation and in the antipoverty effort.

Much of the expected increase in Federal 

spending will not be directly evident due to the 

statistical framework of the national income 

accounting system. Some of the most rapidly 

expanding Federal programs are included only 

as a part of other components of final demand; 

for example, medicare funds are included in 

personal consumption expenditures and aid to 

education is a part of State and local government expenditures. The projected expenditure 

level shows only direct Federal government 

purchases of goods and services.

Nondefense Federal employment is projected 

to grow at a relatively slow rate. By 1980, the 

proportion of nondefense Federal employees is 

expected to drop further from its 1965 relationship to total government employment.

The projections of Department of Defense 

Defense (DOD) expenditures assume that the 

United States is not engaged in active warfare 

and, therefore, that the level of Armed Forces 

is lower than it is at the present time. The 

1980 projections in the basic models provide 

what might be termed a minimum level of 

DOD purchases; this level, however, is well 

above the 1965 level and approximates expenditures in 1963 when the United States was in a 

large missile procurement program.

The overall total for defense expenditures is

Table 19. State and local government purchases of goods and services, by function, for selected years and projected 1980

[B illio n s o f 1 9 5 8 d o lla r s ]

F u n c tio n

P u r c h a s e s A v e r a g e A n n u a l R a te o f C h a n g e 1

1 9 5 7 1 9 6 5

1 9 8 0

b a s ic m o d e ls

1 9 5 7 -6 5

1 9 6 5 -8 0

b a s ic m o d e ls

3 p e r c e n t 4 p e r c e n t 3 p e r c e n t 4 p e r c e n t

T o t a l p u r c h a s e s ________ _ ---------- . 3 7 .6 5 6 .8 1 2 5 .8 1 2 4 .6 5 .3 5 .4 5 .4

E d u c a tio n — — -------------------------------------------- 1 4 .6 2 3 .4 4 5 .5 4 5 .1 6 .1 4 .5 4 .5

E le m e n ta r y a n d s e c o n d a r y ___ ______ 1 2 .2 1 8 .4 2 5 .5 2 5 .3 5 .3 2 .2 2 .1

H ig h e r _______________________________________ 1 .9 4 .0 1 6 .7 1 6 .5 9 .8 1 0 .0 9 .9

O t h e r ---------------------------------------------------------- .5 .9 3 .3 3 .3 7 .6 9 .0 9 .0

N o n e d u c a tio n ____________________ _____________ 2 3 .0 3 3 .5 8 0 .3 7 9 .5 4 .8 6 .0 5 .9

H ig h w a y s .............................................................. 7 .6 1 0 .5 1 5 .3 1 5 .1 4 .1 2 .5 2 .5

P u b lic h e a lth a n d s a n ita t io n _____ 3 .8 5 .0 1 0 .3 1 0 .2 3 .5 4 .9 4 .9

H o s p ita ls ______________ __________ 2 .8 3 .8 7 .6 7 .5 3 .9 4 .7 4 .6

H e a lth _________________________________ .6 .7 1 .6 1 .6 1 .9 5 .7 5 .7

S a n it a t io n ______________ ________ _ .4 .5 1 .1 1.1 2 .8 5 .4 5 .4

N a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s ________________ _______ 1.0 1 .2 2 .9 2 .9 2 .3 6.1 6 .0

P a r k s a n d r e c r e a tio n __ _ _ _ ________ .6 1.0 3 .4 3 .4 6 .6 8 .5 8 .5

E n t e r p r is e s ________ ________ ___ 2 .6 4 .1 1 2 .0 1 1 .9 5 .9 7 .4 7 .4

A l l o th e r fu n c tio n s ---------------------- — 7 .4 1 1 .7 3 6 .3 3 6 .0 5 .9 7 .8 7 .8

Source: B u r e a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s .1 C o m p o u n d in te r e s t r a t e s b a s e d o n t e r m in a l y e a r s .

N ote: D e ta il m a y n o t a d d to t o ta ls d u e to r o u n d in g .

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established by projecting separate levels for 

compensation, construction, imports, and the 

total of all other purchases within the context 

of the model assumptions. Compensation is 

projected in 1958 dollars by using the Armed 

Forces and civilian manpower levels assumed 

for 1980. Projections of construction and imports are based upon historical experience and 

the assumed conditions for each model. Operating expenses in the military personnel and the 

operations and maintenance accounts are projected on the basis of force levels assumed. Expenditures for procurement and for research 

and development are determined by establishing overall control levels for major programs 

such as missiles, ordnance, aircraft and ships 

and then distributing the control levels to detailed sector expenditures based upon current 

program relationships.

Defense expenditures are projected in 1980 

at approximately $8 billion above the 1965 

level. Armed forces strength is assumed to fall 

to 2.7 million, the same level as in 1965; therefore, the entire increase in defense expenditures 

is allocated to higher levels of procurement 

and construction.

Ordnance expenditures in the 1980 projections are $2.7 billion. This is well above the 

1965 level, but near the 1963 level when strategic missile production had reached a peak. Aircraft expenditures are projected at $7.9 billion, 

somewhat above 1965 spending of $7.2 billion 

and again approximating the 1963 level.

Electronics expenditures are projected 

higher than the 1963 and 1965 levels because 

of increased utilization of weapon systems for 

which electronics are purchased separately as 

an item of government furnished equipment,15 

as well as increased purchases of major electronic systems. Shipbuilding expenditures, not 

including the purchases made in government 

owned and operated yards, were projected at 

$0.9 billion.

S tate and Local G ov ern m en t. A continued 

rapid pace of growth to 1980 is projected for 

State and local government expenditures from 

their 1965 level of $56.8 billion. Purchases of 

goods and services are projected to more than 

double in the 15 years span with an average 

annual rate of growth of 5.4 percent. This is 

about the same rate of increase as in the

1957-65 period but below the very high annual 

rate—between 6 and 7 percent— of the last 6 

years, due largely to a projected slowdown in 

the rate of increase in educational expenditures. The increases in State and local government expenditures over the projected period 

result from a combination of expected population growth, shifts in the age distribution and 

location of the population, and demand for 

higher quality services. State and local government purchases which during the 1950’s and 

1960’s was at a level lower than Federal government purchases is expected to exceed the 

federal level early in the 1970,s and to be 

nearly one-half again as large by 1980.16

State and local government expenditures are 

identified by major functions or types of activity, and each function is projected separately 

to 1980. As noted previously, the influence of 

Federal funds is considered in making these 

projections. For the purpose of the 1980 

projections, State and local government expenditures are distributed among elementary 

and secondary schools, higher education, other 

education, highways, hospitals, health, sanitation, natural resources, parks and recreation, 

government enterprise, and all other functions. 

Table 19 presents historical and projected data 

on the levels of expenditures and rates of 

growth by these functions.

Expenditures on education will continue to 

be the largest single demand on the resources 

of State and local governments through 1980, 

although as a proportion of total spending they 

are expected to decline slightly from 1965. For 

the period 1957-65, the increase of 6.1 percent 

a year in educational expenditures was greater

15 Current contracting procedure of the Department 

of Defense is to purchase all major sub-components of 

a system directly, and then to furnish it as government 

furnished equipment to one contractor who assembles 

the sub-components into a completed system.

16 In the fourth quarter of 1969, State and local government purchases of goods and services exceeded Federal Government purchases when both are expressed in 

terms of 1958 dollars at seasonally adjusted annual 

rates. (Survey of Current Business, February 1970, 

table 1.) The last time State and local purchases exceeded Federal purchases on this basis was in the 

fourth quarter of 1950. (The National Income and

Product Accounts of the U.S., 1929-65: A Supplement

to the Survey of Current Business, August 1966, table 

1.2.)

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than the overall rate of growth of State and 

local government expenditures; in the projected period the converse will be true.

The 1980 projection assumes an improved 

quality of education through decreases in student-teacher ratios at both the elementary and 

secondary school levels. Instructional personnel other than classroom teachers, such as psychologists and other specialists, are projected 

to increase greatly in number. Educational systems will require new buildings and equipment 

in order to utilize the additional instructional 

personnel and fully enhance student learning 

opportunities.

Projected population patterns for the WTO's 

show elementary school age groups stabilizing 

and even declining slightly in the first part of 

the decade due to the lower birth rates of recent years. By 1980, however, the elementary 

school age population could be increasing 

again, unless birth rates continue to decline. 

The size of the 14 to 17 year old group, which 

forms the bulk of secondary school enrollment, 

will continue to expand at least until late in 

the 1970's and, in any case, total enrollment at 

the secondary school level is expected to increase because of higher retention rates.

An important part of the projected spending 

advance for elementary and secondary schools 

is assumed to be directly toward improving the 

quality of education. At the elementary level 

this would encompass smaller classes, more 

specialized personnel, and a variety of preschool and enrichment programs. At the secondary school level as well, the emphasis is assumed to be directed toward quality education, 

as a smaller part of the projected expenditure 

increase is earmarked for meeting the requirements arising from increased enrollment. 

Moreover, it is anticipated that elementary and 

secondary schools will assume greater roles as 

community and adult education centers.

Enrollment in higher education is expected 

to continue to grow. First, the prime population age group from which enrollees in institutions of higher learning are drawn will be expanding. Second, the proportion of the college 

age population attending degree credit institutions will be at a new high in 1980, and an 

even higher ratio of these students are expected to attend public higher education facilities than the 66 percent enrolled in 1965. Finally, the retention rate of those enrolled is expected to be higher.

The quality of higher education is expected 

to increase in the period to 1980, with the emphasis on a greater depth of staff. Larger numbers of nonteaching personnel will also be required. Construction is expected to absorb a 

significant part of total expenditures. Rapid 

proliferation of public junior and community 

colleges, as well as satellite or branch campuses of State universities, is expected to provide the educational facilities for a large part of 

the increased enrollment to 1980.

During the 1957-65 period, State and local 

government purchases excluding education increased at a 4.8 percent rate—somewhat 

slower than total State and local purchases. 

However, their projected rate of increase 

1965-80 is 6.0 percent a year, somewhat faster 

than total State and local government purchases.

Highway expenditures have averaged about 

one-fifth of all State and local government purchases of goods and services in recent years. 

From an ownership and maintenance viewpoint, 

State governments are responsible for approximately 20 percent of the mileage, local governments for 76 percent, and the Federal Government the remainder.

Although the recent annual rate of growth 

of 4.1 percent (1957-65) is expected to slow to 

2.5 percent a year by 1980, construction outlays for new highways and roads—as well as 

greatly increased maintenance responsibilities 

at the local and State' level—will require the 

annual expenditures of nearly $15 billion by 

1980. Completion of the presently scheduled 

Interstate Highway Program in the mid-1970's 

will result in an additional 41,000 miles of 

highway to be maintained by State and local 

governments.

As much as $10 billion is projected for State 

and local government purchases of goods and 

services in 1980 in the field of public health, 

hospitals, and sanitation. Widespread citizen 

concern and additional Federal funding will 

undoubtedly lead to the development of many 

facilities for health care such as regional 

health centers, community mental health facilities, nursing homes, and establishments to aid 

the physically and mentally handicapped. Legislation such as the Hill-Burton Act and the

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Community Mental Health Construction Act 

provide for the construction of many of these 

facilities. Even though much Federal funding 

will continue to be channeled into the private 

sector—principally to religious-affiliated facilities and nonprofit voluntary institutions— 

State and local government responsibilities are 

expected to increase, particularly in the care of 

handicapped persons and the chronically ill. 

Expenditures on health services by State and 

local government are projected to grow at a 

rate of 5.7 percent a year compared with 1.9 

percent a year during the 1957-65 period.

The projected expenditure of $1.1 billion for 

sanitation in 1980—an annual rate of growth 

of 5.4 percent from 1965—reflects the demand for services such as refuse collection 

and disposal, insect control, and street cleaning. Also, an important part of the sanitation 

funds will be expended to battle water and air 

pollution. Sanitation construction will increase 

in older metropolitan centers as well as in new 

towns and cities due to demands for pollution 

control.

Expenditures for conservation and development of natural and agricultural resources together with the operation of parks and recreational activities are projected to accelerate at a 

rate of over 8 percent a year to 1980. Increased 

leisure time coupled with higher personal incomes assumes a continuing growth in public 

demand for parks and recreational services. 

Although it is a relatively small part of total 

state and local government expenditures, the 

growth rate of spending on parks and recreation is among the fastest-growing of all functions.

Government enterprises include a diverse 

group of public institutions which furnish a 

vast array of services ranging from public utilities and transit companies to offset parking 

lots and liquor stores. Also, included are housing and community development, water and air 

transportation, and other commercial activities. Due to the commercial nature of these activities, only the construction and capital 

equipment expenditures enter into the national 

income account system.17 Much of the projected thrust of government enterprise expenditures to record levels in 1980 is expected to 

come from increased urban renewal, redevelopment, and rehabilitation associated with the

central cities. New low-income housing will require heavy expenditures. Urban transit systems are expected to expand dramatically by 

1980 and to require large outlays for construction and the purchase of capital equipment. 

Other public enterprises such as utilities, liquor stores, and other commerical activities 

are projected to increase in line with population growth.

Expenditures for the wide variety of other 

functions performed by State and local governments are projected to increase at a rate 

exceeding 7.5 percent a year to 1980 and take 

a larger proportion of total government 

spending than they do at present. Among these 

functions are police and fire departments; 

public libraries; legislative, judicial and executive departments; and various inspection and 

regulatory agencies. Important factors in the 

increased rate of spending for this category 

of State and local government spending are 

welfare and antipoverty efforts which are projected to require significant increases in expenditure levels. Crime and its control, increase in 

the size and quality of police forces, courts and 

their expansion, and reform of correctional institutions are increasingly receiving attention 

and are expected to receive a much larger part 

of State and local government resources in the 

1970,s. Also important to the expansion of this 

category is population growth and migration, 

together with local requests for higher quality 

public services. By 1980, State and local government purchases of goods and services to 

meet these varied demands are projected at 

over $36 billion.

Final demand by input-output sectors

In the preceding discussion the demand for 

goods and services generally has been presented from the point of view of the final user. 

This is in accord with the presentation of the 

national income and product data and is the 

form in which the 1980 projections were made. 

There is, however, an additional important 

step in the projections procedure. For use in 

the input-output system, the final demands for

17 Employee compensation and other current expenditures are offset against income, and the resulting surplus or deficit is entered on the income side of the 

enterprise account.

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Table 20. Sector composition of 1980 projects

A g r ic u lt u r a l, fo r e s t r y , a n d fis h e r ie s :

1. L iv e s to c k a n d liv e s to c k p r o d u c ts

2 . O th e r a g r ic u ltu r a l p r o d u c ts

3 . F o r e s tr y a n d fis h e r y p r o d u c ts

4 . A g r ic u lt u r a l, f o r e s t r y , a n d fis h e r ie s s e r v ic e s

M i n i n g :

5. Ir o n a n d f e r r o a llo y o r e s m in in g

6 . N o n f e r r o u s m e ta l o r e s m in in g

7 . C o a l m in in g

8 . C r u d e p e tr o le u m a n d n a tu r a l g a s

9 . S to n e a n d c la y m in in g a n d q u a r r y in g

1 0 . C h e m ic a l a n d f e r t iliz e r m in e r a l m in in g

C o n s t r u c t io n :

1 1 . N e w c o n s tr u c tio n

1 2 . M a in te n a n c e a n d r e p a ir c o n s tr u c tio n

M a n u f a c t u r i n g :

13 . O r d n a n c e a n d a c c e sso r ie s

1 4 . F o o d a n d k in d r e d p r o d u c ts

1 5 . T o b a c c o m a n u fa c t u r e s

16 . B r o a d a n d n a r r o w f a b r ic s , y a r n a n d th r e a d m ills

1 7 . M is c e lla n e o u s t e x t ile g o o d s a n d flo o r c o v e r in g s

1 8 . A p p a r e l

19 . M is c e lla n e o u s fa b r ic a t e d t e x tile p r o d u c ts

2 0 . L u m b e r a n d w o o d p r o d u c ts , e x c e p t c o n ta in e r s

2 1 . W o o d e n c o n ta in e r s

2 2 . H o u s e h o ld f u r n itu r e

2 3 . O th e r fu r n it u r e a n d fix tu r e s

2 4 . P a p e r a n d a llied p r o d u c ts , e x c e p t c o n ta in e r s a n d b o x e s

2 5 . P a p e r b o a r d c o n ta in e r s a n d b o x e s

2 6 . P r in t in g a n d p u b lis h in g

2 7 . C h e m ic a ls a n d se le c te d c h e m ic a l p r o d u c ts

2 8 . P la s t ic s a n d s y n th e tic m a t e r ia ls

2 9 . D r u g s , c le a n in g , a n d to ile t p r e p a r a tio n s

3 0 . P a in t s a n d a llied p r o d u c ts

3 1 . P e tr o le u m r e fin in g a n d r e la te d in d u s tr ie s

3 2 . R u b b e r a n d m is c e lla n e o u s p la s tic s p r o d u c ts

3 3 . L e a th e r t a n n in g a n d in d u s tr ia l le a th e r p r o d u c ts

3 4 . F o o t w e a r a n d o th e r le a th e r p r o d u c ts

3 5 . G la s s a n d g la s s p r o d u c ts

3 6 . S to n e a n d c la y p r o d u c ts

3 7 . P r im a r y ir o n a n d ste e l m a n u f a c t u r in g

3 8 . P r im a r y n o n fe r r o u s m e ta ls m a n u f a c t u r in g

3 9 . M e ta l c o n ta in e r s

4 0 . H e a t in g , p lu m b in g , a n d fa b r ic a t e d s tr u c tu r a l m e ta l p r o d u c ts

4 1 . S c r e w m a c h in e p r o d u c ts , b o lts , n u ts , e tc ., a n d m e ta l s t a m p ­

in g s

4 2 . O th e r fa b r ic a t e d m e ta l p r o d u c ts

4 3 . E n g in e s a n d tu r b in e s

4 4 . F a r m m a c h in e r y a n d e q u ip m e n t

4 5 . C o n s tr u c tio n , m in in g , o il field m a c h in e r y a n d e q u ip m e n t

4 6 . M a t e r ia ls h a n d lin g m a c h in e r y a n d e q u ip m e n t

4 7 . M e ta lw o r k in g m a c h in e r y a n d e q u ip m e n t

4 8 . S p e c ia l in d u s tr y m a c h in e r y a n d e q u ip m e n t

4 9 . G e n e r a l in d u s tr ia l m a c h in e r y a n d e q u ip m e n t

50 . M a c h in e s h o p p r o d u c ts

51 . O flic e, c o m p u t in g , a n d a c c o u n tin g m a c h in e s

5 2 . S e r v ic e in d u s tr y m a c h in e s

5 3 . E le c tr ic tr a n s m is s io n a n d d is tr ib u tio n e q u ip m e n t, a n d e le c tr ic a l in d u s tr ia l a p p a r a tu s

5 4 . H o u s e h o ld a p p lia n c e s

5 5 . E le c t r ic lig h t in g a n d w ir in g e q u ip m e n t

5 6 . R a d io , te le v is io n , a n d c o m m u n ic a tio n e q u ip m e n t

5 7 . E le c t r o n ic c o m p o n e n ts a n d a c c e s s o r ie s

5 8 . M is c e lla n e o u s e le c tr ic a l m a c h in e r y , e q u ip m e n t, a n d s u p p lie s

5 9 . M o t o r v e h ic le s a n d e q u ip m e n t

6 0 . A i r c r a f t a n d p a r t s

6 1 . O th e r t r a n s p o r ta t io n e q u ip m e n t

6 2 . P r o fe s s io n a l, s c ie n tific , a n d c o n tr o llin g in s tr u m e n ts a n d s u p ­

p lie s

6 3 . O p tic a l, o p h th a lm ic , a n d p h o t o g r a p h ic e q u ip m e n t a n d s u p p lie s

6 4 . M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u f a c t u r in g

T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , e le c tr ic , g a s , s a n ita r y s e r v ic e s :

6 5 . T r a n s p o r t a t io n a n d w a r e h o u s in g

6 6 . C o m m u n ic a tio n s , e x c e p t r a d io a n d T V b r o a d c a s t in g

6 7 . R a d io a n d T V b r o a d c a s t in g

6 8 . E le c tr ic , g a s , w a t e r , a n d s a n ita r y se r v ic e s

W h o le s a le a n d r e ta il t r a d e :

6 9 . W h o le s a le a n d r e ta il tr a d e

F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e :

7 0 . F in a n c e a n d in s u r a n c e

7 1 . R e a l e s ta te a n d r e n ta l

S e r v ic e s :

7 2 . H o te ls a n d lo d g in g p la c e s ; p e r s o n a l a n d r e p a ir s e r v ic e s , e x ­

c e p t a u to m o b ile p a r ts

7 3 . B u s in e s s s e r v ic e s

7 4 . R e s e a r c h a n d d e v e lo p m e n t

7 5 . A u t o m o b ile r e p a ir a n d s e r v ic e s

7 6 . A m u s e m e n t s

7 7 . M e d ic a l, e d u c a tio n a l s e r v ic e s , a n d n o n p r o fit o r g a n iz a t io n s

G o v e r n m e n t e n t e r p r is e s :

7 8 . F e d e r a l g o v e r n m e n t e n te r p r is e s

79 . S ta t e a n d lo c a l g o v e r n m e n t e n te r p r is e s

I m p o r t s :

8 0 . G r o s s im p o r ts o f g o o d s a n d s e r v ic e s

D u m m y in d u s tr ie s :

8 1 . B u s in e s s t r a v e l, e n t e r ta in m e n t , a n d g i f t s

8 2 . O ffic e s u p p lie s

8 3 . S c r a p , u se d a n d s e c o n d h a n d g o o d s

S p e c ia l in d u s tr ie s :

8 4 . G o v e r n m e n t in d u s tr y

8 5 . R e s t o f w o r ld in d u s tr y

8 6 . H o u s e h o ld in d u s tr y

I n d u s t r y n u m b e r a n d title I n d u s t r y n u m b e r a n d title

goods and services must be restated in terms of 

the demand for the output of each sector or industry. A complete listing of the input-output 

sectors is presented in table 20 and is identical 

to the classification system in the 1958 inputoutput study.18

Available data on the consumption by final 

users usually is presented for a homogeneous 

group of products or services which, in fact, 

may be produced in more than one sector. Further, the price to the final user—purchasers' 

value—includes the cost of transportation, 

trade, and insurance; when translated into demands by industry these margins are demands 

for the transportation, and trade and insurance 

industries respectively, and the demand for the 

producing industries is only the value of the 

product as it leaves that industry—producers 

value.

To illustrate the change in the arrangement 

of the data, personal consumption expenditures 

demand is projected for the category shoes and 

other footwear which is then distributed into 

demands for the output of industry 32, rubber 

and miscellaneous products; industry 34, footwear and other leather products; and industry 

80, imports. These demands are then adjusted 

to producers' values, and the appropriate margins are added to the demands for the transportation, trade, and insurance sectors, respec18 The 1958 input-output tables were prepared by the 

Office of Business Economics and published in the 

Survey of Current Business, November 1964 and Septem ber 1965. The Office of Business Economics has 

recently completed an input-output study for 1963; a 

sum m ary of this work appears in the November 1969 

issue of the Survey of Current Business.

27

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tively. Similarly, State and local government 

expenditures on elementary education is projected on the basis of expected demand for this 

service. This projection is then distributed into 

three parts: construction, compensation, and 

all other. The first part becomes the demand 

for industry 11, new construction; the second 

is demand for industry 84, government industry; and the all other category is further distributed among all the industries supplying 

goods and services to elementary schools, with 

appropriate margins adjustments to arrive at 

producers' value by sector.

In a final step, the producers' value of final 

demand for each sector is assembled from all 

sources—personal consumption expenditures, 

gross private domestic investment, exports,

and Federal and State and local government— 

into a single set of industry demands. The total 

value of these industry demands is equal to the 

total value of the demands by final users, of 

course, and when reduced by the value of imports is equivalent to GNP.

The methods used in the projection of final 

demands and their translation into the inputoutput framework is discussed in greater detail 

in appendix A. The final demands in producers' 

value by input-output sectors for total GNP 

and its major components are shown in appendix D, tables D -l through D-8. The industry 

demands, together with the 1980 coefficients 

matrix, form the basis for the projected industry outputs. These topics are discussed in the 

following chapter.

28

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Chapter IV . Projected Industry Output, O uput Per M an-H our and Employment

In previous chapters, the discussion centered 

first on the factors used in determining potential output; next, on the structure of gross national product with respect to its major components ; and finally, on the industry structure of 

each of these components. Each of these subjects provided necessary background for the 

discussions in this chapter on industry output, 

productivity, and employment. Before proceeding to these topics, another factor—the inputoutput coefficients which play a key role—must 

be examined.

Projection of input-output coefficients

The projections to 1980 of final demand by 

industry, discussed in chapter III, determine in 

part the projected levels of output by industry. 

Output levels of each industry depend as well 

upon the input-output coefficients and these, 

also, were projected to 1980.

Input-output coefficients reflect the relationships between producing and consuming industries. Any particular coefficient is the ratio of 

purchases from a producing industry to the 

total output of the consuming industry, i.e., the 

purchases required per dollar of output. As the 

relationships between industries change over 

time—and more or less of certain inputs are 

required per dollar of output—the coefficients 

also change and these changes must be projected.

A change in a coefficient affects both the 

industry in which the change takes place and 

the industry which produces the intermediate 

good or service. Similarly, in projecting the 

input-output coefficients to 1980, two alternative 

approaches were utilized. The first approach 

consisted of detailed analyses of the input structures of industries. In the second method an 

aggregative technique was used to adjust the 

coefficients from the point of view of the industry as a seller of output to other industries.19 

This latter point of view of the industry as a 

seller of output is the focal point of the discussion in this section.

Table 21 presents one measure of the net effect of the coefficient projections on the producing industries. The index of coefficient 

change for each industry is the ratio between 

that industry’s intermediate output (assuming 

1965 input-output coefficients) and the intermediate output (using 1980 coefficients), when 

both sets of coefficients are weighted by the 

1980 industry output levels. An industry’s 

index of change does not show how much the 

intermediate output of that industry actually is 

projected to increase or decrease; this change 

in intermediate output depends upon the 

growth rates of output of the consuming industries as well as the projected coefficient 

changes. The index for an industry does indicate whether the use of that industry’s output 

is increasing or decreasing, on the average, per 

dollar of the consuming industries outputs 

from the point of view of a 1980 output distribution.

As noted above, input-output coefficients reflect relationships between producing and consuming industries and as these relationships 

change over time, the coefficients also change. 

There are several kinds of change in the relationship between industries which may be 

translated into a change in coefficients. The 

most notable of these is technological change 

whereby new or modified materials and processes are introduced into the production stream. 

Product mix change is another important cause 

of coefficient change; if the outputs of the 

products made by an industry change at different rates, then the input coefficients for the entire sector may also change. Price competition 

can also be the source of coefficient change; if 

the relative prices in two industries producing 

competitive products change, the relatively 

cheaper product may be substituted for the 

more expensive product.

The index of coefficient change for an industry as shown in table 21 may have resulted 

from one or more than one of the sources of 

coefficient change. The following paragraphs

19 These two techniques are described in detail in 

appendix A. Also presented in appendix A are the 

m athem atical techniques necessary for m anipulation 

of the input-output system.

29

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present a few of the basic considerations which 

were important in modifying the coefficients 

in selected industries.

The decline in the forestry and fishery products industry is primarily a function of the increased processing of wood in the consumer industries, i.e., plywood, structural wood parts, 

etc. Increased fabrication of wood parts and 

components has the effect of making the stumpage input produced by the forestry component 

of this sector a smaller part of the total inputs 

of the wood processing industries, and thus resulted in the decline shown in table 21.

A projected increase in the use of atomic 

power in addition to general declines in the 

uses of coal resulted in a substantial decrease 

in the coefficient ratio shown for the coal mining industry. However, in terms of absolute 

tonnage consumption, the 1980 estimate exceeds the 1965 use. The historical decline in 

coal used per kilowatt generated has slowed as

the physical limit of this process is being approached.

The index for wooden containers shows a 

very pronounced decrease. This reflects the 

projected long-term decline of this industry 

due to inroads of competitive packaging materials. The chemical industry’s small change is 

a result of relatively slow growth in basic chemicals, in part offset by more rapidly growing 

sales to selected customers such as agriculture 

(fertilizers and insecticides) and plastics and 

synthetics (raw materials for the manufacture 

of primary plastics and synthetics).

Increased use of synthetic materials is reflected in the coefficient ratios of those industries associated with these products. These industries are the plastic and synthetic materials 

and the rubber and miscellaneous plastic products industry, a producer of a wide range of 

fabricated products. On the other hand, the 

leather tanning industry shows a decline; this

Table 21. Index of coefficient change, 1965-801

[ 1 9 6 5 = 1 0 0 ]

I n d u s t r y n u m b e r a n d t itle

1 . L iv e s to c k a n d liv e s to c k p r o d u c ts _________________

2 . O th e r a g r ic u lt u r a l p r o d u c ts _________________________

3 . F o r e s t r y a n d fis h e r y p r o d u c ts ___________________

4 . A g r ic u lt u r a l, f o r e s t r y , a n d fis h e r y s e r v i c e s _____

5 . I r o n a n d fe r r o a llo y o r e s m in in g _________________

6 . N o n f e r r o u s m e ta l o r e s m in in g _____________________

7 . C o a l m in in g _______________________________________________

8 . C r u d e p e tr o le u m a n d n a tu r a l g a s ________________

9 . S to n e a n d c la y m in in g a n d q u a r r y in g ________

1 0 . C h e m ic a l a n d fe r t iliz e r m in e r a l m in in g _______

1 1 . N e w c o n s t r u c t io n 2 ______________________________________

1 2 . M a in te n a n c e a n d r e p a ir c o n s tr u c tio n __________

1 3 . O r d n a n c e a n d a c c e s s o r ie s ___________________________

1 4 . F o o d a n d k in d r e d p r o d u c ts _________________________

1 5 . T o b a c c o m a n u f a c t u r e s _________________________________

1 6 . B r q a d a n d n a r r o w f a b r ic s , y a r n a n d th r e a d

♦ m ills ___ <-____________________________________________________

1 7 . M is c e lla n e o u s te x t ile g o o d s a n d flo o r c o v e r in g s

1 8 . A p p a r e l _______________________________________________________

1 9 . M is c e lla n e o u s fa b r ic a t e d te x t ile p r o d u c ts _______

2 0 . L u m b e r a n d w o o d p r o d u c ts , e x c e p t c o n ta in e r s

2 1 . W o o d e n c o n ta in e r s _____________________________________

2 2 . H o u s e h o ld f u r n it u r e ____________________________________

2 3 . O th e r f u r n it u r e a n d fix tu r e s ________________________

2 4 . P a p e r a n d a llied p r o d u c ts , e x c e p t c o n ta in e r s __

2 5 . P a p e r b o a r d c o n ta in e r s a n d b o x e s ________________

2 6 . P r in t in g a n d p u b lis h in g ______________________________

2 7 . C h e m ic a ls a n d sele c te d c h e m ic a l p r o d u c ts _____

2 8 . P la s t ic s a n d ^ s y n th e t ic m a te r ia ls ________________

2 9 . D r u g s , c le a n in g , a n d to ile t p r e p a r a tio n s ___

3 0 . P a in t s a n d a llie d p r o d u c ts ___________________________

3 1 . P e tr o le u m r e fin in g a n d re la te d in d u s tr ie s ___

3 2 . R u b b e r a n d m is c e lla n e o u s p la s t ic s p r o d u c ts __

3 3 . L e a th e r t a n n in g a n d in d u s tr ia l le a th e r p r o d u c ts

3 4 . F o o t w e a r a n d o th e r le a th e r p r o d u c ts ___________

3 5 . G la s s a n d g la s s p r o d u c ts ____________________________

3 6 . S to n e a n d c la y p r o d u c ts ______________________________

3 7 . P r im a r y ir o n a n d s te e l m a n u f a c t u r in g __________

3 8 . P r im a r y n o n fe r r o u s m e ta ls m a n u f a c t u r in g __

3 9 . M e ta l c o n ta in e r s -----------------------------------------------------------------

4 0 . H e a t in g , p lu m b in g a n d s tr u c tu r a l m e ta l

p r o d u c ts ___________________________________________________

4 1 . S ta m p in g s , s c r e w m a c h in e p r o d u c ts a n d b o lts

4 2 . O th e r fa b r ic a t e d m e ta l p r o d u c ts ________________

I n d e x o f c o effic ie n t c h a n g e ,

1 9 6 5 -8 0

I n d u s t r y n u m b e r a n d t itle

I n d e x o f c o effic ie n t c h a n g e ,

1 9 6 5 -8 0

9 3 .6 4 3 . E n g in e s a n d tu r b in e s __ _ ---------------------------- 9 3 .5

9 3 .6 4 4 . F a r m m a c h in e r y a n d e q u ip m e n t - 8 1 .1

8 7 .3 4 5 . C o n s tr u c tio n , m in in g , a n d o il field m a c h in e r y 8 6 .2

9 1 .6 4 6 . M a t e r ia ls h a n d lin g m a c h in e r y a n d e q u ip m e n t - 9 7 .3

1 0 1 .7 4 7 . M e ta lw o r k in g m a c h in e r y a n d e q u ip m e n t _ 8 6 .6

9 8 .3 4 8 . S p e c ia l in d u s tr y m a c h in e r y a n d e q u ip m e n t 1 1 4 .1

6 4 .9 4 9 . G e n e r a l in d u s tr ia l m a c h in e r y a n d e q u i p m e n t -_ 9 5 .2

9 4 .7 5 0 . M a c h in e sh o p p r o d u c ts _ _ - . . . _ . . _ _

5 1 . O ffic e , c o m p u t in g , a n d a c c o u n tin g m a c h in e s -

1 1 5 .6

9 9 .9 1 3 9 .4

1 0 8 .2 5 2 . S e r v ic e in d u s tr y m a c h in e s - _ . _ . 1 5 9 .4

5 3 . E le c tr ic in d u s tr ia l e q u ip m e n t a n d a p p a r a tu s __ 1 0 4 .6

7 4 .1 5 4 . H o u s e h o ld a p p lia n c e s - ________ _________ 1 0 0 .4

1 1 2 .3 5 5 . E le c t r ic lig h t in g a n d w ir in g e q u i p m e n t ___ ___ 1 0 0 .2

1 0 5 .2 5 6 . R a d io , te le v is io n , a n d c o m m u n ic a tio n e q u ip m e n t 1 1 5 .5

9 8 .3 5 7 . E le c tr o n ic c o m p o n e n ts a n d a c c e s s o r ie s

5 8 . M is c e lla n e o u s e le c tr ic a l m a c h in e r y a n d

1 4 3 .4

1 0 0 .1 e q u ip m e n t ______ . - _ _________________________ 1 2 2 .4

8 6 .2 5 9 . M o t o r v e h ic le s a n d e q u ip m e n t 9 8 .0

9 8 .1 6 0 . A i r c r a f t a n d p a r ts _____ ___ _ _ _ _______ _ __ 9 5 .4

9 9 .6 6 1 . O th e r t r a n s p o r ta t io n e q u ip m e n t _____ 7 5 .0

9 1 .5 6 2 . S c ie n tific a n d c o n tr o llin g in s tr u m e n ts _ 1 1 3 .4

5 8 .4 6 3 . O p tic a l, o p h th a lm ic , a n d p h o t o g r a p h ic

7 9 .5 e q u ip m e n t _____ _ ______________________________ 1 4 8 .1

1 0 7 .0 6 4 . M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa c t u r in g - - ________ ___ __ _ 1 0 3 .5

9 7 .7 6 5 . T r a n s p o r t a t io n a n d w a r e h o u s in g __ ------------------ _ 9 2 .9

9 7 .1 6 6 . C o m m u n ic a t io n s ; e x c e p t b r o a d c a s tin g 1 4 4 .3

8 0 .6 6 7 . R a d io a n d te le v is io n b r o a d c a s tin g 5 2 .8

1 0 1 .5 6 8 . E le c t r ic , g a s , w a t e r , a n d s a n ita r y s e r v ic e s __ 1 4 6 .1

1 3 2 .9 6 9 . W h o le s a le a n d r e ta il t r a d e ______ _ _ _ 1 2 2 .6

1 2 3 .4 7 0 . F in a n c e a n d in s u r a n c e ___ ___ ____________________ 9 6 .0

1 0 4 .2 7 1 . R e a l e s ta te a n d r e n ta l _ _ _ ________ ___ 7 8 .8

8 6 .7 7 2 . H o t e ls ; p e r s o n a l a n d r e p a ir s e r v ic e s ,

1 3 5 .0 e x c e p t a u to . . . __ ______ _______ ____________ ______ 1 0 6 .7

7 4 .7 7 3 . B u s in e s s s e r v ic e s _ _______ _ --------------------- 1 2 8 .5

1 1 5 .5 7 4 . R e s e a r c h a n d d e v e lo p m e n t ___ ___ ___ ___ 1 2 5 .8

8 9 .6 7 5 . A u t o m o b ile r e p a ir a n d s e r v ic e s _ - . _____ 1 1 6 .9

1 0 3 .6 7 6 . A m u s e m e n t s _____ __ _______ _ _____ ___ 1 1 6 .0

7 8 .0 7 7 . M e d ic a l, e d u c a tio n a l a n d n o n p r o fit

1 0 6 .9 o r g a n iz a t io n s __________ _ ___________ ________________ 9 8 .5

9 2 .9 7 8 . F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t e n te r p r is e s ______ 9 4 .2

7 9 . S ta t e a n d lo c a l g o v e r n m e n t e n te r p r is e s 9 3 .5

1 0 2 .2 8 0 . G r o s s im p o r t s o f g o o d s a n d s e r v ic e s . - 1 2 6 .7

8 9 .7 8 1 . B u s in e s s tr a v e l, e n t e r ta in m e n t , a n d g i f t s ___ 7 3 .5

9 5 .0 8 2 . O ffic e s u p p lie s --------------- _ -------------------- ---------- 1 2 2 .5

1 T h e in d e x o f c o e ffic ie n t c h a n g e f o r e a c h in d u s tr y is th e r a tio

b e tw e e n t h a t in d u s tr y ’s in te r m e d ia te o u tp u t u s in g 1 9 6 5 co effic ien ts

a n d th e in te r m e d ia te o u tp u t u s in g 1 9 8 0 c o e ffic ie n ts, w h e n b o th s e ts

o f c o e ffic ie n ts a r e w e ig h te d b y t h e 1 9 8 0 in d u s tr y o u tp u t le v e ls . T h e

in te r m e d ia te o u tp u t o f a n in d u s tr y is t h a t p a r t o f its t o ta l o u tp u t

c o n s u m e d b y a ll in te r m e d ia te in d u s tr ie s .

2 N e w c o n s tr u c tio n h a s n o c o e ffic ie n ts s in c e n o n e o f its o u tp u t

is so ld f o r in te r m e d ia te c o n s u m p tio n .

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exemplifies the effect of the increased use of 

synthetic materials on older materials—in this 

case leather.

The primary iron and steel industry exemplifies two movements in technology and material use. First, increased competition from 

other materials has resulted in substitution. 

An example of this is the projected increase in 

aluminum, plastics, and fibre-board to replace 

steel in the manufacture of tin cans. Second, 

improved steels and better design concepts have 

decreased the quantity of steel per unit of 

product. In the case of tin cans, thinner steels 

permit a lesser total tonnage of steel per can. 

These trends are assumed to continue.

The ratio of coefficients for the nonferrous 

metals industry stands in contrast to that of 

primary iron and steel. Two distinct trends are 

present in this industry. First, aluminum, the 

largest single component, is assumed to continue its relatively high growth into other 

markets. Other nonferrous metals are presumed to grow but at considerably lesser rates. 

These projections have the effect of moderating the total nonferrous industry so that the 

total industry coefficients continues to grow at 

a rate only slightly faster than its consuming 

industries.

The very high growth rate of the office, computing, and accounting machines industry, 

arises from its position as manufacturer of a 

product which is rapidly becoming a basic necessity for all modern organizations, business 

and government. In economic terms, two types 

of computer transactions are discernable—the 

manufacture and the use. In input-output analysis a computer purchased by the final user is 

capital investment. However, if the computer 

use is obtained by rental or use fees the owning 

company usually has the costs of operation and 

the user pays a fee which becomes another input-output transaction. In fact, this industry 

sells finished equipment to the capital accounts 

of both final users and leasing or computer use 

businesses. The increased coefficient for this 

sector reflects the projected growth of maintenance and repair and of the software required 

by the projected rapid expansion of computers.

The projected increase for the service machines industry, results from the projected increase in air conditioning equipment, an important product of this industry.

The coefficient ratio for the electronic components and accessories industry shows an increase as its increasingly sophisticated products replace other inputs or components in the 

communications and television manufacturing 

sectors.

A situation similar to that of computers 

arises with respect to the output of the optical, 

ophthalmic, and photographic equipment industry, which produces the equipment for the 

rapidly growing copying machine market. The 

machines are sold as capital equipment, some 

to final users and the remainder to the trade 

sector and business services sector. These sectors sell the services of the machines to other 

industries, thereby increasing their own intermediate outputs.

The rapid general increase of energy use in 

the form of electric and gas is assumed to continue as the increased ratio shows. Historically, this growth has been rapid and there are 

no signs of slackening.

Sector distribution of real output

Economic growth in terms of real gross national output between 1965 and 1980 is projected at 4.3 percent in the basic models. In 

order to compare sector growth rates in relation to the overall gross national product 

growth rate, a percent distribution of gross 

product originating 20 by major sector is used. 

The comparison of these relative movements is 

shown in table 22 which provides an indication 

of the relative shifts in the output of the major 

sectors from 1955 to 1968 and as projected for 

1980.

In general the distribution of sector output 

over time has been marked by fairly definite 

long-term trends. On one hand, the decline in 

the share of output of agriculture, mining, and 

construction has been quite steady. Government and government enterprises share of 

gross output has had an historical decline interrupted only by a slight upturn during the

1965-68 period, largely because of the Viet 

Nam war. At the same time, increases have oc20 Gross product originating is the net contribution or 

value added by each sector toward the total gross national product. It is also the deflated sum of the 

factor payments by each sector.

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Table 22. Distribution of gross product originating, selected years and projected 1980

[In percent]

1950 1957 1963 1965 1967 1968

1980

Basic models

3 percent 4 percent

Total ______________________ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture, forestry and

fisheries __ _ — 5.7 4.8 4.4 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.2 3.2

Mining ------— __ ----------------- 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.0 2.0

Construction _ _____ ____ 4.6 4.7 4.0 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5

Manufacturing--------------- -------- 29.7 29.7 29.5 30.8 30.5 31.2 30.3 30.3

Transportation, communication

and public utilities _ _ — 8.7 9.1 9.4 9.6 9.9 9.9 11.2 11.2

Trade _ ________________ . __ 17.0 16.6 16.8 17.0 16.9 16.9 17.4 17.4

Finance, insurance and

real estate _ __ __ ______ __ 11.5 12.6 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 14.8 14.8

Services __ ____ __ _ _ _________ 9.3 9.2 9.5 9.3 9.4 9.3 9.6 9.6

Government and Government

enterprises ______ _____________ 10.1 10.4 9.8 9.4 9.7 9.7 7.9 7.9

Other1 _______ _ _ ________ .4 - .1 .6 .2 .6 .2 .2 .2

1 Includes rest of the world and statistical residual. mics, U.S. Department of Commerce. Projections are by the BuSource: Historical data are from the Office of Business Econo- reau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.

curred in the transportation and public utilities categories, and in the finance, and real estate sectors. The manufacturing, trade, and 

services sectors’ share of output has moved 

only within a very narrow range. The projections continue past trends except for a halt in 

the downward slide in the share of the construction sector. For government the projections continue its long term decline prevalent 

before Viet Nam.

P ro jected In d u stry O utpu t G row th R a tes . 

Moving from the viewpoint of major sectors to 

a consideration of the detailed input-output industries, the projected average annual rates of 

change in domestic output21 vary from a slight 

decline to a growth of more than 10 percent a 

year. Office, computing, and accounting machines is the most rapidly growing industry.22 

In addition to computers, the industries projected to grow most rapidly are optical, ophthalmic, 

and photographic equipment and supplies 

(which includes photocopying equipment); 

electronic components and supplies; communications; and plastics and synthetic materials. 

The six industries with the next fastest projected growth rates are electric, gas, water, 

and sanitary services; service industry machines (which include air conditioning equipment) ; rubber and miscellaneous plastics products; business services; radio, television, and 

communications equipment; and chemical and 

fertilizer mineral mining. (See chart.)

The introduction and rapid assimilation of 

computers and computer technology into the 

operations of both the private and public sectors has furnished the U.S. economy with a dynamic new factor in the post-war period. Computer production now dominates the office, 

computing, and accounting machines industry, 

the result of having multiplied its output several times over during the last decade. In the 

last few years computer output has grown at 

the staggering rate of nearly 40 percent a year. 

Based on past performance, together with an 

expected growth of computer use in communications and data transmission—and even a possible introduction into the consumer market— 

the projected growth rate of this industry will 

remain extremely high through the 1970’s.

As was the case with office, computing, and 

accounting machines, the other sectors in the 

fastest growing group are those which have 

experienced high growth rates in the recent 

past; none of the projected high-growth industries moved up out of the more slowly 

growing groups. However, in a number of 

sectors, the projected rate of output growth differs considerably from past growth rates. The

21 The measure of output at the detailed industry level

is gross duplicated output rather than gross product

originating. Gross duplicated output includes the value

of an industries, shipments plus those products which

are primary to its output but made as secondary products in other sectors. Gross duplicated output differs

from gross output originating in that it includes

cost of materials and secondary products made in

other sectors of an industry in addition to its value

added.

22 See appendix table D -9 for output growth rates

for all 82 industries.

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A v e ra g e Annual G ro w th R ates of Fastest G ro w in g Industries, 1965-80

INDUSTRY

Office computing and accounting machines

Optical, Ophthalmic and photographic 

equipment

Electronic Components and accessories

Communications; except radio and TV 

broadcasting

Plastics and synthetic materials

Electric, gas, water and sanitary services 

Service industry machines

Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products 

Business services

Radio, television and communication 

equipment

Chemical and fertilizer mineral mining 

Drugs, cleaning, and toilet preparations 

Research and development

P E R C E N T

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

co

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Table 23. Industries projected to grow most rapidly in output, 1965-80

Sector Industry

Projected average annual

growth rate in output1

basic models

3-percent

unemployment

4-percent

unemployment

51. Office computing and accounting machines __ - ____ ____ __ - - - 10.3 10.2

63. Optical, ophthalmic and photographic equipment ______ ______ _ _ _. ___ 8.8 8.8

57. Electronic components and accessories ____ ________ _ - ______ ____ __ _ 8.4 8.4

66. Communications: except radio and TV broadcasting __ _______ . _ _ _ ___ 7.0 6.9

28. Plastics and synthetic materials _ _ _ _ __ _______ . _ _ __ _ _ ____ ____ 6.8 6.7

68. Electric, gas, water and sanitary services ____ ______ ____ _____ _ ____ 6.7 6.6

52. Service industry machines _ _ ____ _________________ __________________ 6.5 6.4

32. Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products _ _ _ _ _ _. _ _ _ 6.3 6.2

73. Business services _ _ _ ------ - _ _ -------- _ -------- -------------------- _ --------- 6.3 6.2

56. Radio, television and communication equipment ----------------- _ _ _. _ _ - 6.2 6.1

10. Chemical and fertilizer mineral mining — ------ ------------------------------- — _ 6.0 5.9

29. Drugs, cleaning, and toilet preparations __ ______ ______ ______ ______ 6.0 5.9

74. Research and development____ ______ ______ . _ _______ __ ______ ____ 6.0 5.9

1 Output growth is change in real terms of gross duplicated output.

differences are discussed in the following section.

Industries whose growth rate in output is 

projected at least 1 percent higher than historical rates include the coal industry which has 

recovered somewhat in recent years from a 

very low rate of growth. Some of the expected 

gain in the projected rate of increase for coal 

is due to demand in the international market. 

However, by 1975 nuclear energy is expected to 

have made significant inroads into fossil fuel 

power generation. The result will be that the 

rate of growth in the latter part of the projected period will be slower than in the earlier 

years.

Significant increases in rate of growth are 

expected for new construction. Its projected 

strength comes from the increases in residential housing in the 1970’s, the continued 

strength of State and local government construction, and strong demand from certain segments of nonresidential construction, particularly commercial and office structures. Corresponding to the increased growth in the new 

construction industry itself is the faster pace 

projected for the industries which supply construction materials, particularly fabricated 

structual products, stone and clay building materials, construction machinery, and to some 

extent, the metals and lumber areas.

Other industries projected to show higher 

growth than their past rates include the miscellaneous electrical machinery and supplies 

industry. The accelerated growth in this industry stems from increasing battery use in a 

wide range of industrial and consumer applications. The transportation sector also will grow 

faster than it has in the past. Contributing factors to its growth include a continuing increase 

in air travel, the burgeoning air cargo business, and the continued strength of trucking. 

Since the railroad industry seems to have

Table 24. Industries with significant changes in projected output growth rates 1

Industries with rates 1.0 percentage point

below 1957-65 rates

12

17

28

29

32

49

54

56

57

59

61

67

74

Maintenance and repair construction

Miscellaneous fabricated textile products

Plastics and synthetic materials

Drugs, cleaning, and toilet preparations

Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products

General industrial machinery and equipment

Household appliances

Radio, television and communication equipment

Electronic components and accessories

Motor vehicles and equipment

Other transportation equipment

Radio and television broadcasting

Research and development

1

6

7

8 

13

22 

38

40

41

45

53

58

60

62

63

65

68

73

76

Industries with rates 1.0 percentage point

above 1957-65 rates

Livestock and livestock products

Nonferrous metal ores mining

Coal mining

Crude petroleum and natural gas

Ordnance and accessories

Household furniture

Primary nonferrous metals manufacturing

Heating, plumbing, and structural metal products

Stampings, screw machine products and bolts

Construction, mining and oil field machinery

Electric industrial equipment and apparatus

Miscellaneous electrical machinery and supplies

Aircraft and parts

Scientific and controlling instruments

Optical, ophthalmic and photographic equipment

Transportation and warehousing

Electric, gas, water, and sanitary services

Business services

Amusements

1 Industries not shown on this table have projected growth inoutput less than 1.0 percent per year from their 1957-65 rates.

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reached a low point, particularly in numbers of 

passengers, it is expected to be less of a retarding factor in future transportation growth.

Another sector with a growth rate significantly higher than its past performance is the 

amusement industry. Its projected growth will 

be due to increased leisure, higher consumer 

incomes, and the fact that the movie industry 

—whose past decline has dampened the overall 

growth of the sector—may be reaching its low 

point.

Among the industries whose projected 

growth rate to 1980 is at least one percent a 

year lower than during the 1957-65 period is 

the synthetic fibers industry. However, even 

though projected to grow at a slower rate, the 

industry is still in the group of fastest growing 

sectors with a projected average annual rate of 

growth of nearly 7 percent. Two other industries with declining rates of growth but still 

among the fastest growing are the radio, television, and communications industry and its 

major supplier, the electronic components industry. The former will decline from its 

1957-65 rate of 9 percent a year to a projected 

rate of just over 6 percent, and the latter will 

decline from an annual rate of 15 percent to 

between 8 and 9 percent growth in the projections. Their decline in terms of projected rates 

of growth is based on two factors, one being 

the partly subjective question of the sustainability of extraordinarily high growth and the 

other the more objective result of rather slow 

growth in projected defense purchases of electronics. However, the market potential remains strong for other products of these industries, particularly color television receivers 

and telephone equipment.

Isolating those industries for which projected growth rates differ significantly from 

past rates is generally an appropriate use of 

growth rates. For some industries, comparisons between historical years and a projected 

year are influenced to a considerable degree by 

the base year selected. Certain of the industries designated as varying significantly from 

their past rates would not stand out with the 

selection of a different base year. For instance, 

if the historical period had been 1947-65 

rather than 1957-65, the miscellaneous textile 

goods, general industrial machinery, household 

appliances, and other transportation equipment industries would not show nearly as 

much variation between the projected 1965-80 

growth rates and their historical rates.

Just as important, if the 1957-68 reference

Table 25. Range of projected rate of change in output per man-hour by industry, 1965-80

2.5 percent per year or less 2.6 to 3.5 percent per year 3.6 percent per year or above

3 Forestry and fishery products 13 Ordnance and accessories 1 Livestock and livestock products

4 Agricultural, forestry and fishery 14 Food and kindred products 2 Other agricultural products

services 22 Household furniture 5 Iron and ferroalloy ores mining

11 New construction 24 Paper and allied products, except 6 Nonferrous metal ores mining

12 Maintenance and repair construction containers 7 Coal mining

18 Apparel t 25 Paperboard containers and boxes 8 Crude petroleum and natural gas

19 Miscellaneous fabricated textile 26 Printing and publishing 9 Stone and clay mining and quarrying

products 29 Drugs, cleaning, and toilet prepara­ 10 Chemical and fertilizer mineral

23 Other furniture and fixtures tions mining

33 Leather tanning and industrial leather 30 Paints and allied products 15 Tobacco manufactures

products 32 Rubber and miscellaneous plastics 16 Broad and narrow fabrics, yarn and

34 Footwear and other leather products thread mills

products 36 Stone and clay products 17 Miscellaneous textile goods and floor

35 Glass and glass products 37 Primary iron and steel manufacturing coverings

40 Heating, plumbing and structural 38 Primary nonferrous metals 20 Lumber and wood products, except

metal products manufacturing containers

41 Stampings, screw machine products 39 Metal containers 21 Wood containers

and bolts 42 Other fabricated metal products 27 Chemicals and selected chemical

44 Farm machinery and equipment 43 Engines and turbines products

45 Construction, mining and oil 48 Special industry machinery and 28 Plastics and synthetic materials

field machinery equipment 31 Petroleum refining and related

46 Materials handling machinery and 50 Machine shop products industries

equipment 52 Services industry machines 51 Office, computing and accounting

47 Metal working machinery and 53 Electric industrial equipment and machines

equipment apparatus 56 Radio, television and communication

49 General industrial machinery and 54 Household appliances equipment

equipment 59 Motor vehicles and equipment 57 Electronic components and accessories

55 Electric lighting and wiring 62 Scientific and controlling instruments 58 Miscellaneous electrical machinery

equipment 65 Transportation and warehousing and supplies

60 Aircraft and parts 69 Wholesale and retail trade 63 Optical, ophthalmic and photographic

61 Other transportation equipment 72 Hotels; personal and repair services, equipment

67 Radio and television broadcasting excluding auto 64 Miscellaneous manufacturing

70 Finance and insurance 75 Automobile repair and services 66 Communications; except broadcasting

73 Business services 68 Electric, gas, water and sanitary

74 Research and development services

76 Amusements 71 Real estate and rental

77 Medical, educational services

and nonprofit organizations

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period were used two sectors which are significantly affected by the Viet Nam war, ordnance 

and aircraft and parts, would not appear on 

this list of industries expected to increase their 

output in the projected period.

In a related case, the motor vehicle industry 

has a projected 1965-80 growth rate of 2.5 percent a year which appears low when compared 

with average rates of the industry in the past. 

However, it should be kept in mind that the 

base year of 1965 represents a high point in 

motor vehicle sales, which tends both to raise 

the historical growth rate and lower the projected rate. Thus, at an average annual growth 

rate of 2.5 percent from 1965 the projected 

output of the industry, translated into units, 

implies sales of between 14 and 15 million domestically produced motor vehicles in 1980.

Output per man-hour

Basic steps in creating a growth model of 

the type described in this report include developing a set of demand projections and deriving 

a consistent set of input-output coefficients. 

Using these elements the input-output mechanism generates industry output levels, discussed above in terms of their growth rates. In 

the final stage of this model the projected 

growth rates in terms of output are translated 

into equivalent 1980 employment levels.23 In 

order to take this final step, projections of industry productivity are required.

Projections of productivity followed two 

basic approaches: regression analysis was 

used in one approach, and the other was based 

upon past trends for selected time periods. For 

most industries, the productivity changes projected by using the regression equations did 

not meet the tests of reasonableness and, therefore, an alternative projection method was necessary. For some industries, the productivity 

associated with past periods was used when 

the industry growth rate was similar to the 

projected rate. In other cases, because of 

changes in the rate of change in output, projected productivity was selected by using an 

historical sub-period when out put had risen 

at a rate similar to the projected rate. Table 

25 lists the industries in three groups by ranges 

of projected average annual productivity 

change.

Employment

A set of industry productivity projections 

having been selected and the projections of 

final demand and industry growth rates having 

been used, an employment change between 1965 

and 1980 was projected. This projected employment change indicated an addition of between 

24 and 25 million jobs under the assumptions 

in the basic models, a rate of increase of 1.8 to

1.9 percent a year. This compares with a 1.3 

percent increase a year in jobs in the 1950-65 

period, while the rate for the more recent 

1957-65 span has been 1.2 percent.

Projected shifts in employment among the 

major sectors follow, to a considerable extent, 

the pattern of past changes. Agriculture will 

continue its long-term decline, both absolutely 

and as a percent of total employment; mining, 

although reasonably stable in the level of employment, will continue to decline in its relative 

share of total employment. Manufacturing’s 

share of total employment is expected to decline somewhat in the 1965-80 period as is that 

of transportation and of public utilities. 

Wholesale and retail trade as well as contract 

construction will show large gains in absolute 

numbers of employees, although they will remain relatively constant as a proportion of 

total employment. The sectors projected to 

increase their share of total employment over 

the 1965 proportions are services and government. Table 26 shows the levels of industry 

employment and a percent distribution for selected historical years and projected 1980.

The shifts in employment projected for 

major sectors are more pronounced than the 

changes in the distribution of output; for ex23 An interindustry employment table can be created 

from which industry employment estimates can be derived directly. Such a table is created by combining an 

input-output table of interindustry relations, which 

shows the direct and indirect effect of changes in one 

economic sector on all other sectors with estimates of 

industry labor requirements per dollar of output. This 

inter-industry employment table shows how much direct 

and indirect employment is required in each industry 

to produce one dollar of its final product. Then a 

matrix multiplication of the employment table and 

vector of sector final demands for goods and services 

will produce estimates of industry employment requirements. Although this approach was not used 

in these projections, the interested user will find a 

1980 interindustry employment table in appendix D.

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ample, the proportions of total employment included in agricultural and in mining will decline even more sharply than their respective 

shares of total output. Although manufacturing’s portion of output will remain remarkably stable, its share of employment is projected to decline. On the other hand, services’ 

output will show only a modest increase as a 

proportion of total output, but there will be a 

pronounced increase in services’ employment 

as a share of total employment table 27.

The larger shifts in sector employment relative to sector output are a function of the 

greater disparity in industry productivity rates 

relative to industry output growth rates.24 In 

line with past changes, the projected productivities for agriculture, mining, and manufacturing industries generally will be higher than 

the private nonfarm average while those for 

the service industries will tend to be lower.

Changes in in d u stry em ploym ent. A number 

of individual industries will show very high 

rates of growth in employment.25 These include office and computing machines (industry 

51), business services (industry 73), medical 

and educational services (industry 77), electronic components (industry 57), rubber and 

plastics products (industry 32), nonhousehold 

furniture and fixtures (industry 23), service 

industry machines (industry 52), and material 

handling equipment (industry 46). (See table 

28, page 39.)

The reasons associated with the high employment growth in these industries vary. Employment growth could reasonably stem from a 

very high output growth, a very low productivity growth, or a combination of the two. Of the 

industries noted above, employment growth in 

computing machines, electronic components, 

rubber and plastics products, and nonhousehold furniture, seems clearly associated with 

very high growth in projected output. In only 

one of these industries—amusements—is employment growth clearly associated with a 

very low growth in productivity. Other sectors, 

such as business services; medical, educational 

and nonprofit services; and service industry

24 Similar conclusions were found in “ Factors Affecting Changes in Industry Employment” , by Ronald E. 

Kutscher and Eva E. Jacobs, Monthly Labor Review, 

April 1967, pp. 6-12.

25 Employment, historical and projected, for both 

total employment and wage and salary employment is 

shown in appendix D, tables D-10, -11, and -12.

Table 26. Civilian employment1 by major sector, selected years and projected 1980

[Thousands of jobs]

Sector 1950 1957 1960 1965 1967 1968

1980

3-percent

basic model

4-percent

basic model

Total _____________________ 61,290 67,842 68,868 74,568 78,906 80,788 99,600 98,600

Agriculture, forestry and

fisheries ________ _ _ . _ _ 7,985 6,233 5,699 4,671 4,196 4,154 3,188 3,156

Mining __ 938 868 750 667 649 646 590 584

Construction _____ - ______ 3,354 3,701 3,641 3,994 3,981 4,050 5,482 5,427

Manufacturing _______ 15,671 17,586 17,190 18,454 19,805 20,125 22,358 22,133

Durable __ 8,340 10,098 9,697 10,644 11,670 11,854 13,274 13,141

Nondurable _ _ __ 7,331 7,488 7,493 7,810 8,135 8,271 9,084 8,992

Transportation, communications and public utilities 4,244 4,453 4,215 4,250 4,470 4,524 4,976 4,926

Trade ____________________________ 11,982 13,709 14,222 15,352 16,160 16,604 20,487 20,282

Finance, insurance and real

estate . _ _ . _ _ ____ 2,134 2,786 2,981 3,367 3,569 3,726 4,639 4,598

Services _____ _____________ 6,825 8,446 9,263 11,118 12,194 12,678 18,280 18,097

Government - _ . . . 6,026 7,616 8,353 10,091 11,398 11,846 16,800 16,632

Households - . . _ 2,131 2,444 2,554 2,604 2,484 2,435 2,800 2,770

Percent distribution

Total _____________________ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture, forestry and

fisheries - __ _ _ _ ______ 13.0 9.2 8.3 6.3 5.3 5.1 3.2 3.2

Mining _ _ _ ________ 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6

Construction _ _ __ __ 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.5

Manufacturing _____ __ _____ 25.6 25.9 25.0 24.7 25.1 24.9 22.4 22.4

Durable - .. ____ _ 13.6 14.9 14.1 14.3 14.8 14.7 13.3 13.3

Nondurable __ _ _________ 12.0 11.0 10.9 10.5 10.3 10.2 9.1 9.1

Transportations, communications

and public utilities ______ _ . 6.9 6.6 6.1 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.0 5.0

Trade _ _ _ _ _ ____ _ _ _ 19.5 20.2 20.7 20.6 20.5 20.6 20.6 20.6

Finance, insurance and

real estate _ _ _____ 3.5 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.7

Services _______ ______ _______ 11.1 12.4 13.5 14.9 15.5 15.7 18.4 18.4

Government __ ____ 9.8 11.2 12.1 13.5 14.4 14.7 16.9 16.9

Households _ ____ _ 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.8

1 Includes wage and salary employees, self-employed and unpaid family workers.

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Table 27. Annual rate of change1 in civilian employment2 by major sector

Sector 1950-65 1957-65 1965-68

Projected 1965-80

basic models

3-percent

unemployment

4-percent

unemployment

Total __ 1.3 1.2 2.7 1.9 1.9

Agriculture, forestry and

fisheries ______ _ _ _ -3 .5 -3 .6 -3 .8 -2 .5 -2 .5

M ining________ ______ _______ -2 .2 -3 .2 -1 .1 - . 8 - . 9

Construction _ _ ______ _ . 1.2 1.0 .5 2.1 2.1

Manufacturing _ _ ____________ 1.1 .6 2.9 1.3 1.2

Durable _____ ________________ 1.6 .7 3.7 1.5 1.4

Nondurable . __________ .4 .5 1.9 1.0 .9

Transportation, communications and public utilities__ <3) - . 6 2.1 1.1 1.0

Trade __ _ __ ______ _ __ 1.7 1.4 2.6 1.9 1.9

Finance insurance and real

estate __ ____________ _______ 3.1 2.4 3.4 2.2 2.1

Services ____ __ _______ _ _ 3.3 3.5 4.5 3.4 3.3

Government _ ________________ 3.5 3.6 5.5 3.5 3.4

Households __ __ __ ______ 1.3 .8 -2 .2 .5 .4

1 Compound interest rate between terminal years. 3 Less than .05 percent per year.

2 Includes wages and salary, self employed and unpaid family

workers.

machines each have moderately high growth 

rates in output coupled with a slow growth 

rate projected for output per man-hour.

Although the industries discussed above 

have the fastest employment growth rates, 

other industries are perhaps more important to 

total employment in terms of the magnitude or 

absolute number of jobs involved. A different 

group of industries stands out as important 

sources of job opportunities in the 1965-80 period. The contract construction industry alone 

is projected to supply nearly 1.5 million new 

jobs and the manufacturing industries an additional 3.7 to 3.9 million jobs. Wholesale and retail trade are projected to add about 5 million 

new jobs; business services, over 2 million 

jobs; and medical, educational, and nonprofit 

services, more than 3.5 million jobs. State and 

local governments will furnish almost 6 million new jobs. These six industries include 89 

percent of the projected increase of 24 to 25 

million jobs in the 1965-80 period. On the 

other hand, in the same period the agriculture 

sector is expected to lose about 1.5 million jobs. 

(See table 29, page 40.)

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Chapter V. High Durable Models

Chapters II through IV presented discussions of various aspects of the 1980 projections 

as developed from the assumptions in the basic 

3-percent and basic 4-percent unemployment 

models. These models are based on a particular 

set of assumptions and are separated by a constant difference in the level of employment, 

output, and final demand.

The high durable models are presented in 

order to explore the effects on output and employment by industry of different assumptions 

regarding some of the variables used in the 

basic models. These models also have 3-percent 

and 4-percent unemployment rates, but the distribution of demand is varied among the major 

components of GNP. In particular, the categories of final demand that encompass durable 

goods are increased in the high durable models. Therefore, in terms of percentages of 

GNP, consumer durables, fixed private investment (especially producers durable equipment), and Federal Government expenditures 

(due largely to increased purchases of military 

hardware) are larger shares of GNP. The categories of demand that have smaller shares in 

the alternative models are consumer services 

and nondurable goods and State and local government purchases of goods and services. 

Gross exports and imports are relatively unchanged in the high durable models compared 

with the levels in the basic models.

For each of the high durable models, a complete set of 1980 projections is presented. The 

factors affecting the growth rate in real GNP 

are presented in tables 30 and 31 for all four 

models; the distribution of GNP into the major 

components of final demand is presented for all 

the models in tables 32 and 34 and the gross 

product originating by major sector in table 

35. In table 36 the most rapidly growing industries are ranked separately for the basic and 

the high durables models; tables 37 and 38 

present employment data for all models. The 

full industry distribution of final demands 

by major components, the industry output and 

employment growth rates, and industry employment levels are given in appendix D, tables 

D -l through D-12.

In the last section of this chapter are presented additional variations in the potential 

growth rate for the 1965-80 period, based on 

variations of some factors of primary importance. However, these variations are presented 

only in terms of potential GNP growth rates 

and are not further translated into the industry structure of demand, output, and employment.

Factors determining real GNP

In the high durable models, most of the basic 

assumptions affecting the growth in real GNP 

are similar to the assumptions in the basic 

models. However, a few changes in assumptions are sufficient to alter slightly the 1980 

GNP levels. The basic data reflecting these assumptions are presented in tables 30 and 31. 

The two 3-percent unemployment models are 

shown together, as are the two 4-percent unemployment models, in order to facilitate comparisons.

The overall labor force is identical in all 

four models. The levels of employment and unemployment—on both a persons concept and a 

jobs concept—are the same for the two 3-percent models and the two 4-percent models but 

differ between these two sets. The changes in

Table 28. Industries with 1965-80 employment growth 

rates of 2.0 percent and above

1965-80

growth rates

basic models

Industry number and title 3-percent

unemployment

4-percent

unemploymer

51 Office, computing and accounting machines - 5.1 5.0

73, 74 Business services _ __ 4.6 4.6

State and local Government 4.0 3.9

77 Medical and educational services _______ __ 3.8 3.7

57 Electronic components and accessories 3.4 3.3

23 Other furniture and fixtures 3.2 3.2

32 Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products - 3.2 3.2

46 Materials handling machinery and equipment 3.1 3.1

52 Service industry machines 3.1 3.0

67 Radio and TV broadcasting- 2.7 2.6

50 Machine shop products 2.5 2.5

29 Drugs, cleaning and toilet preparations_____ 2.4 2.4

28 Plastics and synthetic materials 2.4 2.3

62 Scientific and controlling instruments ____ 2.4 2.3

70 Finance and insurance 2.4 2.3

55 Electric lighting and wiring equipment ___ 2.3 2.2

76 Amusements - _ _ __ - . 2.3 2.2

56 Radio, television and

communication equipment 2.2 2.1

63* Optical, ophthalmic and photographic

equipment _ - - __ _ - - 2.2 2.1

11,12 Construction _ _______________ ____ 2.1 2.1

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Table 29. Projected changes in employment by major 

'sector, 1965-80

[Thousands of jobs]

Projected 1965-80

change in employment

basic models

Sector 3-percent

unemployment

4-percent

unemployment

Total ________________________ 25,032 24,032

Agriculture, forestry and

fisheries _ __________ — 1,483 -1 ,5 1 5

Agriculture - _ _ __________ -1 ,5 3 8 — 1,566

Mining __ __ __ __ ________ -77 -83

Construction ___ ______________ 1,488 1,433

Manufacturing _ __ ______ _____ 3,904 3,679

Durable . _ __ ______ _ __ 2,630 2,497

Nondurable _ _ __ _______ _ _ 1,274 1,182

Transportation, communications

and public utilities - - _________ 726 676

Wholesale and retail trade ____ 5,135 4,930

Finance, insurance and real estate. 1,272 1,236

Services __ _______ __ _ _____ 7,162 6,979

Business services ______________ _ 2,236 2,192

Medical, educational services

and nonprofit organizations __ 3,604 3,519

Federal government _ __ __ _. 623 593

State and local government __ _ _ 6,086 5,948

Households ______ _____ _________ 196 166

assumptions which do bring about a difference 

in the level of GNP between the basic and the 

high durable models with the same unemployment rate is reflected in the distribution of employment between the government and private 

sectors.

Total government employment in the high 

durable models is projected to be 400,000 lower 

than it is in the basic models, because the level 

of military personnel is assumed to be 200,000 

higher and State and local government employment 600,000 lower in the high durable models. 

With total employment held constant for the 

high durable model and the basic model of the 

same unemployment rate, the decrease of

400,000 in government employment is reflected 

by an identical employment increase in the 

private sector. Further, the projection of agricultural employment is constant in the high 

durable model and the basic model for the same 

unemployment rate so that the entire difference 

of 400,000 jobs is in the private nonagricultural sector.

The assumptions for the trend in hours-paid 

and GNP per man-hour are identical in all 

four models.26 However, the projected level of 

1980 GNP in the high durable model is somewhat higher than in the basic model for the 

same employment rate. These higher levels of 

projected 1980 GNP in the high durable models—about $4 billion in both cases—result 

from the higher productivity associated with

the 400,000 additional private nonagricultural 

employees.

The resulting growth rate in total real GNP 

1965-80, is 4.4. percent a year in the 3-percent 

high durable model compared with the 4.3 

percent a year for the 3-percent basic model. 

The 4-percent basic and 4-percent high durable 

goods models both have a projected 1965-80 

growth rate in real GNP of 4.3 percent a year.

Components of GNP

The major purpose of the high durable models is to measure and analyze changes in the 

structure of industry output and employment 

that result from changes in the structure of 

final demand. In addition, the durable goods 

sectors are subject to greater variability over 

time and, therefore, are more difficult to project. Consequently, the high durable models 

were developed with the objective of providing 

reasonable alternatives to the basic models, 

with particular attention to the problems inherent in projecting the demand for durable 

goods.

Tables 32 and 33 present projected 1980 

GNP, in total and by major components, for 

the high durable models and compare these 

with the final demand projections in the basic 

models. The major components of final demand 

are altered in these models in a number of 

ways. First, total personal consumption expenditures is lower as a proportion of total 

gross national product. Within consumption, 

however, durable goods is a significantly 

higher proportion than it is in the basic model,

28 The assumptions regarding the trend in hours-paid 

and the increases in output per man-hour in the high 

durable models are perhaps not realistic. First, an 

economic system in which the durable goods industries 

are emphasized is likely to have a different trend in 

hours-paid. Second and more important, when an economic system devotes an increasing share of its output 

to investment in producer durable goods over an extended period which is the case in the high durable 

models—an effect may be expected eventually on 

the pace of productivity change; this, in turn, should 

be reflected in the rate of growth of real GNP. However, the purpose of the high durable models presented 

in this report is to explore the effects on industry output and employment of an alternative distribution of 

final demand. The other questions, although perhaps of 

equal importance, await further research.

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Table 30. Labor force, hours and gross national product, 3-percent models 1957, 1965, 1968, and projected 1980

Item 1957 1965 1968

Projected 1980

Average annual rate of growth 1

1957-65

1965-80

3-percent

basic model

3-percent

high durables

3-percent

basic model

3-percent

high

durables

Total labor force _ _ _ _ _ _ 69,729 77,177 82,272 100,727 100,727 1.3 1.8 1.8

Unemployed 2,859 3,366 2,817 2,940 2,940 2.1 — .9 - . 9

Employed (persons concept) 66,870 73,811 79,455 97,787 97,787 1.2 1.9 1.9

Adjustment _ _ _ _ _____ 4,083 3,878 5,233 5,109 5,109 - . 7 1.9 1.9

Employment (jobs concept)__ . 70,953 77,689 84,688 102,896 102,896 1.1 1.9 1.9

Government2 _ _ 9,756 11,994 14,414 18,500 18,100 2.6 2.9 2.8

Federal - - _____ ________ 4,531 4,569 5,609 4,900 5,100 .1 .5 .7

Military 2,786 2,732 3,517 2,700 2,900 - . 2 — .1 .4

Civilian _ _____ _______ _ 1,745 1,837 2,092 2,200 2,200 .6 1.2 1.2

State and local . _ __ _ 5,225 7,425 8,805 13,600 13,000 4.5 4.1 3.8

Private . _ _ _ __ __ _ _ 61,197 65,695 70,274 84,396 84,796 .9 1.7 1.7

Agriculture _____ _______ ____ 5,914 4,338 3,811 2,800 2,800 - 3 .8 -2 .9 -2 .9

Nonagriculture . _ __ _ _ 55,283 61,357 66,463 81,596 81,996 1.3 1.9 1.9

Hours paid for (annual average)

private _ _ __ ______ 2,086 2,051 2,000 1,977 1,977 - . 2 - . 2 - . 2

Agriculture - _ -. ___ _ ___ 2,371 2,376 2,330 2,271 2,271 .0 — .3 — .3

Nonagriculture _ _ . _ _ _. 2,054 2,028 1,981 1,967 1,967 - . 2 - . 2 - . 2

Total man-hours (million’s)

private3 __ __ _____ 127,640 134,781 140,542 166,858 167,642 .7 1.4 1.4

Agriculture . __ 14,023 10,307 8,879 6,359 6,359 -3 .8 -3 .2 -3 .2

Nonagriculture _______ 113,617 124,474 131,663 160,499 161,283 1.1 1.7 1.7

GNP per man-hours (1958

dollars) private _ _ _ __ __ _ 3.22 4.21 4.61 6.54 6.54 3.4 3.0 3.0

Agriculture . _ 1.45 2.30 2.62 5.13 5.13 5.9 5.5 5.5

Nonagriculture __ __ _ 3.44 4.36 4.74 6.60 6.60 3.0 2.8 2.8

Total GNP (billions of 1958

dollars) ___ . _ 452.5 617.8 707.6 41,168.6 41,172.1 4.0 4.3 4.4

Government ___ __ __ 41.9 50.8 59.7 76.7 75.0 2.4 2.8 2.6

Federal_____ ______________ 21.5 21.8 26.3 23.6 24.4 .2 .5 .8

Military _ ___ ___ 11.1 10.9 13.9 10.6 11.4 — .2 - . 2 .3

Civilian _________ .. _ 10.3 10.9 12.4 13.0 13.0 .7 1.2 1.2

State and local . __ . 20.4 29.0 33.5 53.1 50.6 4.5 4.1 3.8

Private . _ _ _ _ ____ 410.6 567.0 647.9 1,091.9 1,097.1 4.1 4.5 4.5

Agriculture ____ 20.3 23.7 23.3 32.6 32.6 1.9 2.1 2.1

Nonagriculture 390.3 543.3 624.6 1,059.3 1,064.5 4.2 4.6 4.6

1 Compound interest rate between terminal years.

2 The government employment to be consistent with the government product is from the national income accounts published by

the Office of Business Economics. Government employment shown

elsewhere in this report is from the Bureau of Labor Statistics establishment reports.

and both nondurable goods and services are 

somewhat lower.

Gross private domestic investment in the 

basic models is 16 percent of GNP. In the high 

durable goods models, this component is 17.1 

percent of GNP. Each of the subcomponents of 

fixed investment—nonresidential structures, 

producers' durable equipment, and residential 

structures—are higher in the high durable 

models than in the basic models. The residential structures component, however, is proportionately higher than the other components of 

investment. The levels of residential structures 

assumed in the high durable models are sufficiently high to reasonably encompass the national housing goal of 26 million new dwelling 

units by 1978, including the alternatives that 

have a large proportion of single family units 

in the total housing mix.

The other major component of demand that 

is different in the high durable models is government. Federal Government purchases are 

higher in this model due to much higher defense expenditures (about $20 billion more

3 Man-hours are estimated for the private sector only since the

assumption is made of no change in the hours of the government

sector.

4 The 1980 g n p is as calculated using the factors shown above.

All calculations using the total g n p elsewhere in the report use

1,165.0 and 1,170.0 for these two models.

than the basic model). Both Federal nondefense and State and local government expenditures are lower, however, so that the total proportion of GNP devoted to government in the 

high durable models is similar to that found in 

the basic models. However, even though the 

State and local government proportion of GNP 

in the high durable models is lower than in the 

basic models, State and local government is 

still growing faster than GNP or the Federal 

defense and Federal nondefense components.

Industry structure of demand, output, and

employment

The components of demand discussed in the 

previous section show considerable variations 

between the high durable models and the basic 

models. Table 34 shows the 1980 structure of 

output in terms of gross product originating 

for the high durable models and compares with 

the projected 1980 structure in the basic models. The structure of output by the major sectors has been modified somewhat by the

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changes in the components of final demand. In 

particular, construction and manufacturing are 

a higher proportion and services a lower proportion of 1980 output in the high durable 

models than in the basic models.

The growth rates in output for each of the 

82 industries used in these projections are 

shown in appendix D, table D-9. Although 

many industries have different growth rates in 

the high durable models compared with the 

basic models, the pattern is largely consistent 

with the final demand assumptions. Generally, 

the durable goods sectors of manufacturing 

show higher growth rates and the service sectors lower growth rates in the high durable 

models than in the basic models. Of course, 

some exceptions to the general pattern appear 

because of indirect interindustry effects.

Table 35 compares the industries projected 

to grow most rapidly, 1965-80, in the high durable models and in the basic models. Although 

there are some differences in the order of 

appearance, the two sets of models produced 

remarkably similar lists of fastest-growing industries. In fact, of all the industries that appear on either list, only two fail to appear on 

both lists. The drugs, cleaning, and toilet preparations industry appears among the fastest 

growing industries in the basic models but does 

not in the high durable models. The scientific 

and controlling instruments industry, has a 6.1 

percent a year growth in the high durable 

models, but in the basic models is projected at 

less than 6 percent a year. It follows from this 

comparison that those industries which are 

projected to grow most rapidly are not significantly affected by changes in the structure of 

demand of the size and magnitude introduced 

in the high durable goods models.

The 1980 employment projections for the 

high durable models are shown in table 36 and 

37 and are compared with the 1980 projections 

made in the basic models. The following general observations can be made from these comparisons: First, durable goods manufacturing 

is projected to have about 1 percent more 

employment in 1980 under the assumptions in 

the high durable models than in the basic modTable 31. Labor force, hours and gross national product, 4-percent models 1957, 1965, 1968, and projected 1980

Item 1957 1965 1968

Projected 1980

Average annual rate of growth 1

1957-65

1965 -80

4-percent

basic model

4-percent

high durables

4-percent

basic model

4-percent

high

durables

Total labor force., ________ 69,729 77,177 82,272 100,727 100,727 1.3 1.8 1.8

Unemployed _ _ 2,859 3,366 2,817 3,918 3,918 2.1 1.0 1.0

Employed (persons concept). _ 66,870 73,811 79,455 96,809 96,809 1.2 1.8 1.8

Adjustment _ _ 4,083 3,878 5,233 5,058 5,058 — .7 1.8 1.8

Employment (jobs concept)____ 70,953 77,689 84,688 101,867 101,867 1.1 1.8 1.8

Government2 _ _ _____ 9,756 11,994 14,414 18,315 17,918 2.6 2.8 2.7

Federal _ . . . . ____ 4,531 4,569 5,609 4,851 5,049 .1 .4 .7

Military __ __ 2,786 2,732 3,517 2,673 2,871 — .2 - . 1 .3

Civilian 1,745 1,837 2,092 2,178 2,178 .6 1.1 1.1

State and local 5,225 7,425 8,805 13,464 12,869 4.5 4.0 3.7

Private _ ______ 61,197 65,695 70,274 83,552 83,949 .9 1.6 1.6

Agriculture _ _____ ______ 5,914 4,338 3,811 2,772 2,772 -3.8 -2.9 -2.9

Nonagriculture _ _ _ 55,283 61,357 66,463 80,780 81,177 1.3 1.9 1.9

Hours paid for (annual average)

private . . . 2,086 2,051 2,000 1,977 1,977 — .2 - . 2 — .2

Agriculture . _ 2,371 2,376 2,330 2,271 2,271 .0 - . 3 — .3

Nonagriculture _ __ __ 2,054 2,028 1,981 1,967 1,967 - . 2 — .2 - . 2

Total man-hours (millions)

private3 ______ _____ 127,640 134,781 140,542 165,189 165,996 — .7 1.4 1.4

Agriculture ____ __ 14,023 10,307 8,879 6,295 6,295 -3 .8 — 3.2 - 3 .2

Nonagriculture __ _ 113,617 124,474 131,663 158,894 159,701 1.1 1.6 1.7

GNP per man-hours (1958

dollars) private _ ______ 3.22 4.21 4.61 6.54 6.54 3.4 3.0 3.0

Agriculture _ 1.45 2.30 2.62 5.13 5.13 5.9 5.5 5.5

Nonagriculture 3.44 4.36 4.74 6.60 6.60 3.0 2.8 2.8

Total GNP (billions of

1958 dollars) _________________ 452.5 617.8 707.6 4 1,156.9 4 1,160.3 4.0 4.3 4.3

Government _ _____ 41.9 50.8 59.7 75.9 74.2 2.4 2.7 2.6

Federal ____________________ 21.5 21.8 26.3 23.4 24.2 .2 .5 .7

Military . . . 11.1 10.9 13.9 10.5 11.3 — .2 - . 2 .2

Civilian ____ 10.3 10.9 12.4 12.9 12.9 .7 1.1 1.1

State and local . . . _ _ 20.4 29.0 33.5 52.6 50.0 4.5 4.0 3.7

Private _ _________ ____ 410.6 567.0 647.9 1,081.0 1,086.1 4.1 4.4 4.4

Agriculture _ _ _. .... 20.3 23.7 23.3 32.3 32.3 1.9 2.1 2.1

Nonagriculture ________ 390.3 543.3 624.6 1,048.7 1,053.8 4.2 4.5 4.5

1 Compound interest rate between terminal years.

2 The government employment to be consistent with the government product is from the national income accounts published by

the Office of Business Economics. Government employment shown

elsewhere in this report is from the Bureau of Labor Statistics establishment reports.

3 Man-hours are estimated for the private sector only since the

assumption is made of no change in the hours of the government

sector.

4 The 1980 g n p is as calculated using the factors shown above

All calculations using the total g n p elsewhere in the report use

1,165.0 and 1,155.0 for these two models.

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Table 32. Gross national product by major component, for 3-percent models 1965, 1968, and projected 1980

[Billions of 1958 dollars]

Item 1965 1968

Projected 1980

Percent distribution Average annual

rate of growth 1

1965 1968

1980

1965-80

3-percent

basic

3-percent

high

durables

3-percent

basic

3-percent

high

durables

3-percent

basic

3-percent

high

durables

Gross National Product___ _ 617.8 707.6 1,165.0 1,170.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 4.3 4.4

Personal consumption

expenditure 397.7 452.6 758.0 748.0 64.4 64.0 65.1 63.9 4.4 4.3

Durable goods __ _ _ _ 66.6 80.7 133.2 142.1 10.8 11.4 11.4 12.1 4.7 5.2

Nondurable goods 178.6 196.9 295.9 286.1 28.9 27.8 25.4 24.5 3.4 3.2

Services - - -------- 152.5 175.0 329.2 319.8 24.7 24.7 28.3 27.3 5.3 5.1

Gross private domestic

investment ___ - ____ 99.2 105.7 186.3 200.2 16.1 14.9 16.0 17.1 4.3 4.8

Fixed investment ___________ 90.1 99.1 171.2 184.1 14.6 14.0 14.7 15.7 4.4 4.9

Nonresidential _____ 66.3 75.8 130.4 137.3 10.7 10.7 11.2 11.7 4.6 5.0

Structures --------- ___ _ 22.3 22.7 36.5 38.9 3.6 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.8

Producers’ durables ______ 44.0 53.2 93.9 98.4 7.1 7.5 8.1 8.4 5.2 5.5

Residential structures____ 23.8 23.3 40.9 46.8 3.9 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.7 4.6

Change in business

inventories ___ _________ 9.0 6.6 15.1 16.1 1.5 .9 1.3 1.4 3.5 3.9

Net exports of goods and

services _ _ _ __ __ 6.2 .9 9.6 9.6 1.0 .1 .8 .8 3.0 3.0

Exports _ _ - _____ ______ 37.4 45.6 79.2 79.2 6.1 6.4 6.8 6.8 5.1 5.1

Imports __ -------- . _______ _ 31.2 44.7 69.6 69.6 5.1 6.3 6.0 5.9 5.5 5.5

Government purchases of

goods and services _ 114.7 148.4 210.8 212.2 18.6 21.0 18.1 18.1 4.1 4.2

Federal - _ _ _ ____ 57.9 78.9 85.0 99.8 9.4 11.2 7.3 8.5 2.6 3.7

State and local ___ _______ 56.8 69.5 125.8 112.4 9.2 9.8 10.8 9.6 5.4 4.7

1 Compound interest rate between terminal years.

Source: Historical data are from the Office of Business Econoels. Second, employment in the nondurable 

goods industries is only modestly changed between the two sets of models. Finally, transportation and trade have the same proportions 

of employment in the basic models and in the 

high durable models. (See table 37 page 48.)

The slightly higher proportion of employment in manufacturing in the high durable 

models is offset by lower proportion in services

mics, U.S. Department of Commerce. Projections are by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

and government. However, the manufacturing 

employment projected for 1980 in both the 

basic and high durable models is a declining 

proportion of total employment when compared with 1965 or 1968. Also, although services and government have a somewhat lower 

employment in the high durable models, they 

still show significant increases over their present proportions. Therefore, an alteration in

Table 33. Gross national product by major component, for 4-percent models 1965, 1968, and projected 1980

[Billions of 1958 dollars]

Projected 1980

Percent distribution Average annual

rate of growth 1

i n o n

Item 1965 1968 i nctz on

4-percent

basic

4-percent

high

durables

1965 1968 4-percent

basic

4-percent

high

durables

4-percent

basic

4-percent

high

durables

Gross National Product______ 617.8 707.6 1,155.0 1,160.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 4.3 4.3

Personal consumption

expenditures -------- - - 397.7 452.6 751.9 741.6 64.4 64.0 65.1 63.9 4.3 4.2

Durable goods 66.6 80.7 132.1 140.9 10.8 11.4 11.4 12.1 4.7 5.1

Nondurable goods 178.6 196.9 293.4 283.7 28.9 27.8 25.4 24.5 3.4 3.1

Services _ _ _ . 152.5 175.0 326.4 317.1 24.7 24.7 28.3 27.3 5.2 5.0

Gross private domestic

investment - __ __ 99.2 105.7 184.7 198.5 16.1 14.9 16.0 17.1 4.2 4.7

Fixed investment _ _ 90.1 99.1 169.7 182.5 14.6 14.0 14.7 15.7 4.3 4.8

Nonresidential __ 66.3 75.8 129.3 136.1 10.7 10.7 11.2 11.7 4.6 4.9

Structures ______ 22.3 22.7 36.2 38.6 3.6 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.7

Producers’

durables ____ ____ 44.0 53.0 93.1 97.6 7.1 7.5 8.1 8.4 5.1 5.5

Residential structures . _ 23.8 23.3 40.5 46.4 3.9 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.6 4.6

Change in business

inventories - 9.0 6.6 15.0 16.0 1.5 .9 1.3 1.4 3.5 3.9

Net exports of goods and

services _ _ _ _ _ 6.2 .9 9.5 9.5 1.0 .1 .8 .8 2.9 2.9

Exports _ _ ____ __ ____ 37.4 45.6 78.5 78.5 6.1 6.4 6.8 6.8 5.1 5.1

Imports __ 31.2 44.7 69.0 69.0 5.1 6.3 6.0 5.9 5.4 5.4

Government purchases of goods

and services _ _ _ _ 114.7 148.4 208.9 210.4 18.6 21.0 18.1 18.1 4.1 4.1

Federal _ _ ______ _ ______ 57.9 78.9 84.3 99.0 9.4 11.2 7.3 8.5 2.5 3.6

State and local __ ____ 56.8 69.5 124.6 111.4 9.2 9.8 10.8 9.6 5.4 4.6

1 Compound interest rate between terminal years. nomics, U.S. Department of Commerce. Projections are by the

Source : Historical data are from the Office of Business Eco- Bureau of Labor Statistics.

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Table 34. Sector composition of gross product originating,1 selected years and projected 1980

[Percent distribution based on 1958 dollars]

Projected 1980

Sector 1950 1957 1963 1965 1967 1968

3 percent 4 percent

Basic

High

durables Basic

High

durables

Total _____ _ _ --------- 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture, forestry, and

fisheries _ _ _ _ ------ _ _ _ 5.7 4.8 4.4 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1

Mining --------- -------- 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.9

Construction _____ _______ 4.6 4.7 4.0 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.6

Manufacturing _ _ ------

Transportation communications

and public utilities ---------

29.7 29.8 29.5 30.8 30.5 31.2 30.6 31.5 30.6 31.5

8.7 9.1 9.4 9.6 9.9 9.9 11.1 11.0 11.1 11.0

Wholesale and retail trade 17.0 16.6 16.8 17.0 16.9 16.9 17.4 17.4 17.4 17.4

Finance, insurance and real

estate __ _________ ___________ 11.5 12.6 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 14.7 14.4 14.7 14.4

Services _____ _ _________ _ 9.3 9.2 9.5 9.3 9.4 9.3 9.6 9.3 9.6 9.3

Other2 ____________________________ 10.5 10.3 10.4 9.6 10.3 9.9 8.0 7.8 8.0 7.8

1 Gross product originating is the value added by each of the

sectors to total product of gross national product.

2 Includes government and government enterprises, rest of the

world, and statistical residual.

Source: Historical data are from Office of Business Economics,

U.S. Department of Commerce. Projections are by the Bureau of

Labor Statistics.

the structure of demand to the extent and magnitude found in the high durable models does 

affect the rate at which employment is shifted 

away from the goods-producing sector and 

added to services and government, but is not 

sufficient to change the direction of this movement. This is because demand was not altered 

enough in the direction of durable goods to 

overcome the sector differences in output per 

man-hour.

Alternative rates of growth in real GNP

The two sets of 1980 models just discussed 

each have projected growth rates in GNP that 

vary only slightly. This is because the factors 

which go into calculating the GNP growth

rates are basically the same in all models. The 

only differences are in the unemployment rate 

and a slight modification in the division of employment between the public and private sectors. These alone are not sufficient to alter the 

1965-80 growth rate in real GNP to any appreciable degree.

This section explores the effects on the projected growth rate in real GNP which result 

from alternative combinations of three underlying factors. These factors are the unemployment rate, which is varied between 2.5 percent 

and 4.5 percent of the civilian labor force; the 

decline in annual hours-paid, which is varied 

between a 0.1 percent decline and a 0.3 percent 

decline a year; and the change in GNP per 

man-hour, which is varied between 2.3 percent

Table 35. Industries projected to grow most rapidly in real output, 1965-80

Basic models High durable models

Rank Sector

number

Industry

Rate 1

Rank

Sector

number Industry

Rate 1

3 percent 4 percent 3 percent 4 percent

1 51 Office, computing and 1 51 Office, computing and

accounting machines____ 10.3 10.2 accounting machines — 10.9 10.8

2 63 Optical, ophthalmic, and 2 57 Electronic components

photographic equipment. 8.8 8.8 and accessories _ _ 9.3 9.2

3 57 Electronic components 3 63 Optical, ophthalmic, and

and accessories -- 8.4 8.4 photographic equipment 9.0 8.9

4 66 Communications ; except 4 56 Radio, television and combroadcasting _____ 7.0 6.9 munication equipment - _ 7.0 7.0

5 28 Plastics and synthetic 5-6 66 Communications ; except

materials _ ____ 6.8 6.7 broadcasting 6.9 6.9

6 68 Electric, gas, water, 5-6 52 Service industry machines 6.9 6.8

and sanitary services _ - 6.7 6.6

7 52 Service industry machines - _ 6.5 6.4 7 28 Plastics and synthetic

materials ________ _ _ 6.8 6.8

8-9 32 Rubber and miscellaneous 6.3 6.2 8 74 Research and development . 6.7 6.7

plastics products.

8-9 73 Business services — __ 6.3 6.2 9 68 Electric, gas, water, and

sanitary services _ 6.6 6.5

10 56 Radio, television and 10-11 32 Rubber and miscellaneous

communication equipment 6.2 6.1 plastic products — 6.4 6.4

11-12-13 10 Chemical and fertilizer 10-11 73 Business services _____ — 6.4 6.3

mineral mining _ _____ 6.0 5.9

11-12-13 29 Drugs, cleaning and' 12 62 Scientific and controlling

toilet preparations - - _ 6.0 5.9 instruments __ _________ 6.1 6.1

11-12-13 74 Research and development .. 6.0 5.9 13' 10 Chemical and fertilizer

mineral mining 6.0 5.9

1 Average annual rate of change in compound interest between terminal years. Output is the gross duplicated value stated in 1958

prices.

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Table 36. Civilian employment1 by major industry group, 3-percent models 1965, 1968, and projected 1980

Projected 1980 Percent distribution Average annual rate

a-P nlio r\n*Q 2

1 QCK_Qft

Industry group 1965 1968 3 percent

basic

3 percent

high

durables

1965 1968 3 percent

basic

3 percent

high

durables

3 percent

basic

3 percent

high

durables

Total _______________________ 74,568 80,788 99,600 99.400 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.9 1.9

Agriculture, forestry and

fisheries____— . - - - 4,671 4,154 3,188 3,192 6.2 5.1 3.2 3.2 - 2 .5 -2 .5

Agriculture _____ . - - - - - 4,338 3,811 2,800 2,800 5.8 4.7 2.8 2.8 -2 .9 -2 .9

Mining------------ __ - - - 667 646 590 588 .9 .8 .6 .6 — .8 — .8

Construction _ _ ----------- -------- 3,994 4,050 5,482 5,595 5.4 5.0 5.5 5.6 2.1 2.3

Manufacturing--------- - — - - 18,454 20,125 22,358 23,240 24.7 24.8 22.4 23.4 1.3 1.5

Durable goods -- -------- - - 10,644 11,854 13,274 14,322 14.3 14.6 13.3 14.4 1.5 2.0

Ordnance and

accessories-------------------- 226 342 250 351 .3 .4 .3 .4 .7 3.0

Lumber and wood

products------ -------- 698 676 685 702 .9 .9 .7 .7 - . 1

Furniture and fixtures -- 454 496 640 656 .6 .6 .6 .7 2.3 2.5

Stone, clay and glass

products __ . _________ 646 651 809 830 .9 .8 .8 .8 1.5 1.7

Primary metals ______ 1,308 1,322 1,343 1,413 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.4 .1 .5

Fabricated metal

products____________ -- 1,288 1,417 1,638 1,697 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.9

Machinery, except

electrical ------------- _ - 1,783 2,009 2,495 2,670 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.3 2.7

Electrical m achinery------ 1,662 1,986 2,334 2,554 1.7 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.9

Transportation equipment — 1,745 2,034 2,014 2,343 2.3 2.5 2.0 2.4 1.0 2.0

Instruments ______________ 392 463 553 594 .5 .6 .6 .6 2.3 2.8

Miscellaneous manufacturing -------- -------- 442 458 513 512 .6 .6 .5 .5 1.0 1.0

Nondurable goods _ ____ 7,810 8,271 9,084 8,918 10.5 10.2 9.1 9.0 1.0 .9

Food and kindred

products ---------- -- 1,798 1,811 1,799 1,735 2.4 2.2 1.8 1.7 .0 - . 2

Tobacco manufactures - - * 87 84 65 63 .1 .1 .1 .1 -2 .0 -2 .2

Textiles and apparel — 2,311 2,426 2,655 2,590 3.1 3.0 2.7 2.6 .9 .8

Paper and allied

products --------------- - 640 693 801 795 .9 1.1 0.8 .8 1.5 1.5

Printing and publishing . 1,057 1,128 1,322 1,307 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4

Chemical and chemical products --------- 905 1,024 1,187 1,172 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.7

Petroleum and products _ 183 187 155 152 .2 .2 .2 .2 -1 .1 -1 .2

Rubber and plastic

products------ ---------- 474 560 763 777 .6 .7 .8 .8 3.2 3.3

Leather and leather

products _ __ ________ 355 358 337 327 .5 .4 .3 .3 — .4 - . 5

Transportation, communications and public utilities . 4,250 4,524 4,976 4,961 5.7 5.6 5.0 5.0 1.1 1.0

Wholesale and retail trade __ 15,352 16,604 20,487 20,501 20.6 20.5 20.6 20.6 1.9 1.9

Finance, insurance and

real estate . _ _ _ -------- 3,367 3,726 4,639 4,538 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.6 2.1 2.0

Services ______ ____ 11,118 12,678 18,280 17,785 14.9 15.5 18.4 17.9 3.4 3.2

Government __ ________ __ 10,090 11,846 16,800 16,200 13.5 15.0 16.9 16.3 3.5 3.2

Households . — _ _ ------ 2,604 2,435 2,800 2,800 3.5 3.0 2.8 2.8 .5 .5

1 Civilian employment includes wage and salary employees, self

employed and unpaid family workers.

and 2.9 percent a year.27 Table 38 shows the 

variations. (See table 38 page 49.)

It can be seen that varying these factors affects considerably the projected growth rate in 

GNP. A combination of the elements with minimum productive potential—a 4.5 percent unemployment rate, a 0.3 percent decline in annual hours-paid, and a 2.3 percent annual rate 

of growth in GNP per man-hour—imply a 

growth rate in real GNP, 1965-80, of only 3.8

27 The variation and the rate of change in GNP per 

man-hour is for the total economy so that the median 

rate of 2.6 percent a year is consistent with the 3.0 

percent change to 1980 for the total private economy 

as shown in tables 30 and 31.

2 Compound interest rates based on terminal years.

percent a year. At the other extreme, a combination of elements with the maximum growth 

potential—a 2.5 percent unemployment rate, a 

decline in hours-paid of 0.1 percent, and a 

GNP per man-hour increasing at 2.9 percent a 

year—imply a growth rate in real GNP, 

1965-80, of 4.8 percent, i.e., a full percentage 

point greater.

While a difference of 1.0 percentage point in 

the growth of real GNP in any one year may 

not appear particularly significant, the cumulative effects may be very substantial. Taken 

over the period 1965 to 1980, two real GNP 

growth rates differing by 1.0 percentage point 

would result in a total accumulated difference 

of 16 percent or nearly $100 billion in the 1980

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level of real GNP. Hence, the unemployment 

rate, annual hours-paid, and GNP per manhour have important implications with respect 

to long-run performance.

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Chapter V I. Implications of the 1980 Projections

One of the important conclusions coming 

from the 1980 projections is the continued 

shift in the structure of industry employment. 

This structural shift, discussed in detail in earlier chapters, is toward the service sectors— 

personal, business, medical, and educational as 

well as government (especially State and local 

government), and away from the goods producing sectors—agriculture, mining, and manufacturing. An important determinant in this 

structural shift is the sector or industry differences in output per man-hour; most service 

sectors have significantly lower levels of output per man-hour than the goods-producing 

sectors.

Manpower implications

These projections indicate that a high proportion of new jobs will come in industries 

which at the present time have existing manpower problems for varying reasons. Important job potential rests in the following sectors:

Change in Jobs 1965-80

(millions)

Construction ____________________________________________________ 1.4

Wholesale and retail trade ________________________________ _ _. 5.0

Finance, insurance and real estate ____________________________ 1.3

Personal services ________________________________________________ 1.0

Business services _______________________________ 2.2

Medical and education __________________________________ 3.6

State and local government _________________________________ 6.1

Each of these sectors offers special problems 

of either manpower planning, training, or education in order to assure that individuals will 

be available to fill projected job requirements. 

For example, in the construction industry, filling many high skill jobs is a major problem. 

Therefore, to provide the number of workers 

to meet construction requirements may call for 

an increase and possible upgrading of present 

apprenticeship and training programs. In addition, a redefinition of job duties may be necessary and the elimination of discriminatory hiring practices is in order.

Large increases in the number of jobs in 

wholesale and retail trade and personal services are projected for 1980. To assure an adequate manpower supply, the problems to be 

considered in these areas are the low wages and

the difficulty this places on recruitment. Also, 

as an increasing proportion of the jobs in these 

sectors will be filled by part-time workers, additional training may be necessary to provide 

the calibre of worker needed to handle the increasing complexity of retail and service operations.

In the medical and educational services sectors, and to a lesser extent in business services, 

a two-level manpower problem exists. First, a 

need exists to provide additional training and 

educational facilities for occupations with a 

high skill or training requirement such as 

medicine, nursing, accounting, college teaching, and computer programming. At the same 

time preparations must be made to insure an 

adequate supply of individuals to fill the lesser 

skilled jobs in hospitals and schools—those 

concerned with maintenance, laundry, food 

preparation, cleaning and similar operations.

The large employment increases projected 

for State and local government include expansion for policemen, sanitation workers, educational workers—teachers, particularly at the 

college level—as well as other professional 

workers and associated clerical, administrative, and maintenance personnel. The large 

projected increase in the number of employees 

in State and local government is based on the 

assumption of continued efforts by these levels 

of government against proverty, urban decay, 

poor schools, and inadequate transportation facilities. If such efforts are to be made by State 

and local government, much remains to be done 

in recruiting, educating, training and providing funds to give proper wages to this rapidly 

expanding sector.

Due to the changing structure of employment, continuing reassessment of job opportunities will be necessary in the years ahead. 

Certainly, the orientation of manpower training programs must change over time in order 

to match individual skills with job opportunities. This process will require flexibility in our 

educational system—particularly the technical 

training areas—with expansion of some programs, retrenchment in others, and a restructuring of programs as job responsibilities 

change.

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Other Implications

Earlier chapters have presented discussions 

of the large employment gains projected to 

take place by 1980. Between 1965 and 1980, 

total jobs are projected to increase by as much 

as 25 million. However, these projections were 

made on the basis of a full employment assumption, defined variously in these projections as a 3-percent or 4-percent unemployment 

rate. Implicit in the 1980 projections, therefore, is the assumption that proper policy alternatives will be pursued in order to achieve a 

high rate of economic growth and a low level 

of unemployment. However, the correct mix of 

monetary and fiscal policies necessary to 

achieve these goals are not easily predetermined and will unquestionably change as time

passes. In particular, these policy objectives 

must be considered in the context of their effect on inflation, post Viet Nam adjustments, 

and the balance of payments, as well as their 

effects on social goals such as elimination of 

poverty, construction of low-income housing, 

and revitalization of the inner city.

As noted in chapter II, the growth of the 

labor force is projected to be 1.8 percent a year 

for the 1965-80 period. The population growth 

for the same period is projected to be 1.3 percent a year. Since the working population will 

be growing considerably faster than the nonworking population, the changes have potentially significant implications for growth of 

real income per capita. Since those earning incomes will increase faster than those who are 

not, real income per capita will increase even

Table 37. Civilian employment1 by major industry group, 4-percent models 1965, 1968, and projected 1980

Projected 1980 Percent distribution Average annual rate

1980 1QCR QA

Industry group 1968 4-percent

basic

4-percent

high

durables

1 G£K 1 Q£Q 4-percent

basic

4-percent

high

durables

iybo iyoo

4-percent

basic

4-percent

high

durables

Total ______________________ 74,568 80,788 98,600 98,400 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.9 1.9

Agriculture, forestry and

fishery products _ _ _ _ - 4,671 4,154 3,156 3,160 6.2 5.1 3.2 3.2 - 2 .5 — 2.5

Agriculture - . _ . 4,338 3,811 2,772 2,772 5.8 4.7 2.8 2.8 - 2 .9 — 2.9

Mining __ 667 646 584 582 .9 .8 .6 .6 - . 9 — .9

Construction . __ ___ 3,994 4,050 5,427 5,539 5.4 5.0 5.5 5.6 2.1 2.2

Manufacturing 18,454 20,125 22,133 23,005 24.7 24.8 22.4 23.4 1.2 1.5

Durable goods _ - - - 10,644 11,854 13,141 14,176 14.3 14.6 13.3 14.4 1.4 1.9

Ordnance and

accessories __ ----------- 226 342 247 347 .3 .4 .3 .4 .6 2.9

Lumber and wood

products . . . - 698 676 678 695 .9 .9 .7 .7 - . 2 .0

Furniture and fixtures — 454 496 634 650 .6 .6 .6 .7 2.3 2.4

Stone, clay and glass

products _ _ _______ 646 651 801 822 .9 .8 .8 .8 1.4 1.6

Primary metals 1,308 1,322 1,329 1,399 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.4 .1 .4

Fabricated metal

r products __ _____ . 1,288 1,417 1.622 1,679 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.8

Machinery, except

electrical 1,783 2,009 2,471 2,643 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.2 1.9

Electrical machinery ___ 1,662 1,986 2,311 2,528 1.7 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.2 2.8

Transportation equipment _. _ __ 1,745 2,034 1,993 2,318 2.3 2.5 2.0 2.4 .9 2.7

Instruments _ __ __ 392 463 547 588 .5 .6 .6 .6 2.2 2.7

Miscellaneous manufacturing ______ _____ 442 458 508 507 .6 .6 .5 .5 .9 .9

Nondurable goods _. . 7,810 8,271 8,992 8,829 10.5 10.2 9.1 9.0 .9 .8

Food and kindred

products _ — 1,798 1,811 1,781 1,718 2.4 2.2 1.8 1.7 - . 1 — .3

Tobacco manufactures _ - 87 84 64 62 .1 .1 .1 .4 — 2.1 - 2 .2

Textiles and apparel____ 2,311 2,426 2,628 2,565 3.1 3.0 2.7 2.6 .9 .7

Paper and allied

products ______ 640 693 793 787 .9 1.1 .8 .8 1.4 1.4

Printing and publishing . 1,057 1,128 1,309 1,294 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4

Chemical and chemical products _ __ 905 1,024 1,175 1,160 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.7

Petroleum and products . 183 187 153 150 .2 .2 .2 .2 - 1 .2 — 1.3

Rubber and plastics

products . . 474 560 755 769 .6 .7 .8 .8 3.2 3.3

Leather and leather

products -- -------- ------ 355 358 334 324 .5 .4 .3 .3 — .4 - . 6

Transportation, communication, and public utilities __ 4,250 4,524 4,926 4,911 5.7 5.6 5.0 5.0 1.0 1.0

Wholesale and retail trade _ _ 15,352 16,604 20,282 20,296 20.6 20.5 20.6 20.6 1.9 1.9

Finance, insurance and

real estate __ _______ 3,367 3,726 4,593 4,493 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.6 2.1 1.9

Services _ . _ 11,118 12,678 18,097 17,606 14.9 15.5 18.4 17.9 3.3 3.1

Government _ _. _ 10,090 11,846 16,632 16,038 13.5 15.0 16.9 16.3 3.4 3.1

Households __ 2,604 2,435 2,770 2,770 3.5 3.0 2.8 2.8 .4 .4

1 Civilian employment includes wage and salary workers, self 2 Compound interest rate between terminal years,

employed and unpaid family workers.

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assuming no increase in real income per 

worker.

An important factor about the 1980 projections mentioned earlier was the continued shift 

in the structure of industry employment. A 

major factor in this structural shift is the sector or industry differences in output per manhour, as most service sectors will have significantly lower levels. The significance of the 

lower output per man-hour rate projected for 

services, along with the projected large demand increases, is the potential for continued 

price pressures in service industries, since 

wage gains undoubtedly will continue to exert 

pressure on costs through increasing unit labor 

costs. Therefore, long-range efforts to hold 

down the rate of overall price increase will be 

more difficult unless price declines are prevalent in the goods-producing sectors or unless 

innovation allows for greater than expected increases in the growth of output per man-hour 

in the services sectors.

The shift in employment toward services and 

government have further implications in addition to those just discussed. Employment in 

services and government tends to be more stable. Thus, with the relative decline in employment in the goods-producing sectors—which 

have more volatile employment—and an increase in the more stable areas, there will be

Table 38. Alternative 1980 gross national product 

annual rate of change, 1965-80

Unemployment rate

1980

1980 projected

percent rate

of change in

annual hours

paid per

person

Projected annual change

in GNP per man-hour

(Total economy a)

2.3 2.6 2.9

percent percent percent

average annual rate of

change in real gross

national product 1965-80

2.5 percent unemployment __ ( — 1) 4.2 4.5 4.8

( - . 2 ) 4.1 4.4 4.7

( - .3 ) 4.0 4.3 4.6

3.0 percent unemployment __ ( - . 1 4.1 4.4 4.7

- . 2 4.0 4.3 4.6

— .3 3.9 4.2 4.5

3.5 percent unemployment __ ( - . 1 ) 4.1 4.4 4.7

( - . 2 ) 4.0 4.3 4.6

( - .3 ) 3.9 4.2 4.5

4.0 percent unemployment __ ( - . 1 ) 4.1 4.4 4.7

( - .2 ) 4.0 4.3 4.6

( - .3 ) 3.9 4.2 4.5

4.5 percent unemployment __ ( - . 1 ) 4.0 4.3 4.6

( - .2 ) 3.9 4.2 4.5

( - .3 ) 3.8 4.1 4.4

1 The GNP per man-hour for the total economy is .3 to .4 lower

than for the total private because the government has been added

in with an assumption of no change in output per man-hour.

fewer wide swings in employment. If downturns do take place, they should be increasingly 

less severe as the shift toward service and government employment continues.

The projections show only moderate increases in the number of jobs in the household 

sector. The modest increase in domestic help is 

a reflection of the generally low status given 

this type of employment by workers rather 

than any diminution in demand. In fact with 

increasing incomes, the demand for household 

workers will certainly be very high. In order 

to satisfy this demand, it may be necessary to 

institute some change in present household employment practices. Better working conditions, 

shorter hours, and large wage increases undodoubtedly would be needed in order to attract 

individuals who may not otherwise be interested 

in this work.

Another interesting and important facet of 

these projections is the relative limitation on 

opportunities for self-employment. Table 11 

showed that the number of self-employed is 

projected to increase only moderately from 

current levels (6.2 million in 1965 to 6.7 million in 1980). In relation to total employment, 

the self-employed are a declining proportion, 

so that a larger and larger proportion of 

workers will be wage and salary employees.

In contrast to the increased employment projected for a number of sectors and the problems associated with such increases, the agricultural sector presents the opposite situation. 

Further reductions are projected in agricultural employment, which raises problems associated with further shifts in population from 

rural to urban areas. Also, as farm employment continues to drop, the opportunities for 

those who provide services in farm States will 

also continue to decrease. This adds to the 

problem of population declines in some regions 

while other areas experience sharp increases. 

Therefore, imbalances will exist with underutilization of public facilities in some regions 

and over-utilization in other regions, mainly 

large urban areas.

Along with the decline in agriculture, the 

shift in employment away from goods-producing areas such as manufacturing and mining to 

government and services implies a further decline in the proportion of jobs in the usual 

blue-collar areas. Many of the jobs opening up

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in the service sectors require specialized training or education. Consequently, these trends

have significant implications for educational 

institutions and training programs.

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A P P E N D IX A . Methods of Developing the 1980 Projections

Throughout the text of this report the methods used in developing the 

1980 estimates have received only a limited explanation. This procedure 

was followed in order to provide a concise statement of the findings and 

analyses for the reader with little interest in methodology. This appendix 

is intended to fill the gap for those who may be interested in the techniques used in developing the 1980 estimates.

The method is presented in two forms: In the first part a brief statement of the complete method is given. In the second part each of the 

separate elements is discussed in considerable detail. The first statement 

is intended for the reader who is interested only in a general survey of 

the methods, while the second is designed for the analyst who needs to 

follow in rather explicit detail the techniques used to develop various 

elements of the 1980 projections.

The final part of this appendix discusses some current work and 

planned efforts to improve both the data and methods used in making 

projections.

General statement of methods

First, in developing the 1980 projections a potential growth rate is 

derived by projecting the labor force to the target year, assuming an 

unemployment rate and projecting the rates of change of productivity 

and average hours-paid. The next step is to distribute this potential 

growth in real GNP among the major components of gross national 

product: Consumer expenditures, domestic investment, government expenditures—both Federal and State and local—and net foreign demand. 

In making this distribution of GNP among components, alternative distributions or models are considered.

After the potential growth in GNP has been calculated and distributed 

among its major categories, the next stage in the projections is to develop for each of the major demand categories projections of the industry composition of demand, such as the amounts spent by consumers 

for food, clothing, rent, automobiles, drugs, cosmetics, trips abroad, medical expenses, and other goods and services. For each of the major demand 

categories of GNP, a different procedure is followed in allocating demand to the producing industry. The industry detail to which the 

categories of demand are allocated matches the input-output classification used in the next step 1.

Allocation of consumer expenditures to producing industry relies on 

consumption functions for each of the categories of consumer expenditures. These functions, which were developed by Professor Houthakker 

and Dr. Taylor, relate expenditures on a given item, such as automobiles, 

to past levels and changes in expenditures for this item and to changes 

in consumer income.

For business investment in plant and equipment, preliminary estimates of expenditures for producer durable equipment by type are 

projected primarily by using past trends in the distribution of equipment 

expenditures. These initial estimates are modified subsequently in the 

calculations. Residential construction projections are made by analyzing

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past demographic characteristics of the population and their influence on 

the housing industry and then using these relationships to estimate residential construction to 1980.

Federal Government demand is divided initially into the major areas 

of defense and nondefense. Usually, defense expenditures are fixed by 

assumption, therefore the only major problem in distributing defense 

expenditures among the producing sectors involves the shift among 

major weapon systems (missiles, aircraft, anti-missile missiles) in the 

overall national defense posture. In the Federal nondefense area— 

inasmuch as a great many of the nondefense programs involve grantsin-aid to State and local governments—many of the expenditures are 

shown as State and local purchases of goods and services, following the 

conventions of the national income accounting system.

Projections of expenditures by State and local governments are made 

by analyzing separately each of the major areas of State and local 

government responsibility. These areas cover elementary and secondary 

education, higher education, highway construction, health care and hospitals, sanitation, parks and recreation, natural resources, and other 

activities such as urban renewal and mass transportation.

The final category of demand, net foreign demand, covers both U.S. 

exports and imports. These must be treated separately, since gross exports constitute a demand from U.S. production and imports act as a 

supplement to U.S. production.

The description of the economic growth model has progressed from 

the development of the potential gross national product to its distribution 

into major categories, and the further distribution of this demand to 

producing industries. Demand in the national income accounting system 

covers only final demand, i.e., only that of the ultimate consumers. 

Therefore, in order to derive the output from industries whose products 

are not sold to ultimate customers but instead are used by other industries 

in the course of production, an additional set of calculations is necessary. 

It is at this stage that the input-output framework of analysis comes 

into use. The input-output system translates final demands, such as food, 

automobiles, highway construction, airplanes, and machine tools into the 

outputs required from all industries, regardless of the degree to which 

the industries’ products are sold directly to ultimate consumers. The 

industries producing basic metals and agricultural products sell only a 

very small proportion of their outputs to the ultimate consumers, but 

their total outputs are calculated in the input-output system as the indirect production necessary to satisfy final demands for items such as 

automobiles and foodstuffs.

The input-output tables used as a base in the economic growth model 

are published by the Office of Business Economics, U.S. Department of 

Commerce. However, these input-output tables incorporate the technology 

and product mix for 1958 and, therefore will not adequately reflect the 

technology and product mix for 1980 for most industries. In order to 

project the input-output coefficients, i.e., the ratios of purchases to outputs, a great amount of research is necessary. For some industries, detailed studies are made, analyzing the change taking place in the industries’ technology as well as the changes expected in product mix due 

to differing growth rates of product groups within industries. The 

projected changes for an industry are then evaluated for the effects that

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they would have on other industries’ purchases. The consequences of these 

changes—some of which save materials while others imply more inputs 

of materials—are introduced into the projections.

While the detailed sector studies are used in many areas, there is still 

a large number of industries for which individual studies are not available. For these industries, analyses are made of the direction and magnitude of change in the use of its products by other industries. An average 

change in input-output coefficients is used for all sectors not covered by 

the specific industry studies.

With the projections of demand and the projected input-output table, 

the necessary ingredients for estimating industry growth rates are present. The final step in the economic growth model is to develop employment 

estimates by industry. This is accomplished by use of a set of industry 

productivity projections. Each of the steps in the economic growth model 

are shown in the diagram on p. 54.

Once this stage has been reached the projections would be complete 

if everything within the model were in complete balance. It would be extremely improbable, however, if everything proved to be in balance with 

the first set of calculations. The model is designed to achieve a balance 

for three of its components during calculating sequences. The first of 

these is business investment in plant and equipment. A capital flow matrix is used in this balancing procedure to trace transactions in capital 

goods between industries that produce capital and those who purchase it.

In addition to capital investment, a balance also is achieved for imports. 

At the initial stage of the model, net foreign demand (exports less 

imports) is projected by industry. After the model has been used to 

calculate growth rates in output by industry, estimates of imports by 

industry also can be calculated and compared with the original projections of imports by industry. If differences exist, either the initial import 

projections or the import coefficients are modified and the model is rerun.

Employment is the other element for which a balancing procedure is 

incorporated into the model. The initial stage in the economic growth 

model involves a projection of the labor force and an assumption about 

employment. The final stage of the model is the derivation of employment by industry. The sum of the industry employment levels will 

equal the total employment projected in the first stage if the model is in 

complete balance. If employment is not in balance, the modifications are 

made, usually in the industry projections of output per man-hour.

Detailed description

This section will discuss in detail each of the separate elements necessary to develop the 1980 projections. The discussion will be useful to those 

who wish to use these projections and who also want to introduce modifications in order to better meet their individual needs. Usually, in order to 

introduce such modifications, it is necessary to understand in detail how 

the projections were developed.

F actors A ffecting G row th R ates in Real G N P. In making projections 

of the type contained in this report, the first step is to develop a growth 

rate for potential real gross national product for the appropriate time 

period—in this case from 1965 to 1980. In order to develop the growth

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ox

Interrelationship of Potential G ro ss National Product, Final Demand, 

Industry Production, Productivity, and Employment

STAGE One

Total Supply

STAGE Two

Distribution

of

Final Demand

STAGE Three

Detailed

Industry

Distribution

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rate, the labor input and the productivity of that labor must be projected 

for the target year. This is accomplished through a series of steps. First, 

the growth rate for the total labor force to 1980 as developed in the Office 

of Manpower and Employment Statistics of the Bureau of Labor Statistics is used. Then, the 1980 unemployment rate of the civilian labor 

force is set by assumption as is the number of persons in the Armed 

Forces. The civilian labor force is obtained by subtracting the Armed 

Forces from the total labor force.

It is necessary to convert the projection of the labor force from a count 

of persons to a count of jobs. The necessity occurs because the estimates 

of employment at the detailed industry level used in later stages of the 

projections are related to data series obtained from establishment 

payrolls, which are counts of jobs, while the labor force projection is based 

on household surveys, which is a count of persons. The conversion ratio 

leading to a job concept of employment termed the adjustment factor, 

adjusts not only for those individuals who hold more than one job but 

also for other statistical differences between the two employment series. 

In as much as this adjustment ratio fluctuates a great deal and in an 

apparently random pattern, the adjustment factor is derived from data 

in a reasonably normal base period. In the case of the 1980 projections, 

the base period was 1965. With this conversion, the estimate of total 

employed is on a jobs basis.

Next in the projections sequence, employment is projected for three 

broad components of total employment, each of which has had a distinctly 

different level or rate of increase in its output per man-hour. Separate 

estimates were made for farm, nonfarm private, and government employment. Estimates of farm employment are made separately because 

this sector has had a rate of change in output per man-hour twice as 

great as in the private nonfarm sector i.e., about 6.0 percent a year. 

Separate estimates of government employment are made because the 

productivity change of government employees is assumed to be zero in 

the national income and product accounts which forms the data base for 

the models. The government estimates are further split into Federal 

civilian, Federal military, and State and local employment estimates.2 The 

third element for which separate estimates are developed is the private 

nonfarm sector. This sector has had an historical rate of change in output 

per man-hour of 2.8 percent a year.

For each of the areas for which a separate estimate of employment is 

developed, it is also necessary to derive a change in annual hours of pay. 

Again, in developing 1980 estimates of changes in annual hours paid, 

separate estimates were made for farm, nonfarm private, and government because of variations among these components in the rate of change 

of hours. Farm hours paid, which has a higher level of hours, is projected 

to decline at a somewhat more rapid rate than hours paid in the private 

nonfarm sector. For government, no change in hours paid were projected 

over this period.

With the estimates of changes in hours paid and the estimates of 

employment for each of the separate components of total employment, 

the next step in these projections is to calculate the total potential manhours in 1980. This is accomplished by multiplying the estimate of employment for each component of total employment by the estimated level 

of 1980 average hours paid for that sector.

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The final sequence in developing the real gross national product is to 

estimate the change in labor productivity for each of these three elements, 

farm, private nonfarm, and government. In developing the 1980 estimates, government—as noted above—is actually projected in three 

categories, Federal military, Federal civilian and State and local. The 

potential 1980 output for each element of government is derived by 

estimating an index of employment change 1965-80 and applying to this 

an estimate of wages and salaries for 1965 in 1958 dollars. For farm 

and private nonfarm sectors, the potential output is derived separately 

by taking the estimated potential man-hours in each group and multiplying this by the projected level of output per man-hour. The sum of 

these components—farm, private nonfarm, and government—is equal to 

total potential domestic gross national product. Finally, an estimate of the 

contribution of “rest of the world” is made to arrive at total potential 

gross national product.

Com position of GNP. The previous section described in detail the 

steps necessary to derive the potential gross national product. In developing the economic growth model the next requirement is to derive the 

composition of this potential GNP with respect to the major demand 

components. The 1980 projections has two different demand compositions 

of GNP within the four models—the two basic models and the two high 

durables models. The two demand compositions are derived by a combination of analyses of past trends and by assumptions.

Defense spending depends to a considerable extent on what is assumed 

about the level of military activity. The assumption is that in 1980 the 

U.S. will not be involved in an armed conflict; consequently the range 

of defense expenditures will be limited. Still there is a wide range of 

reasonable estimates of the level of defense spending consistent with this 

assumption. Essentially the defense spending projected, particularly in 

the basic model is related to the downtrend in defense expenditures as a 

ratio of GNP prevalent in the 1957-65 period and assumptions on the 

limits of this trend.

State and local government spending as a percent of gross national 

product has had a strong trend upward during most of the post World 

War II period. In determining the 1980 State and local component one 

set of models assumes a continuation of that trend while the other set 

shows no further increases in the ratio.

Investment has always been a highly variable component of demand 

and it is one of the factors which is varied considerably in the 1980 

projections. Two models assume that investment as a proportion of GNP 

is at the lower end of a reasonable range and the other two models set 

it at the higher end of this range. One of the subcomponents of gross 

private domestic investment is residential structures. There has been 

little relationship between the building of new residential structures and 

movements in the gross national product. This is because other factors— 

such as household formation, rural to urban movements, and interest 

rates—are more important determinants of residential construction than 

growth in GNP. In developing projections of residential structures these 

factors—particularly household formation—were given primary consideration.

Personal consumption expenditure is, by far, the largest category of

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demand and, as a ratio to GNP, has moved within a relatively small 

band. The 1980 projections continue the historical relationship of consumption to GNP and the several models have ratios of consumption to 

GNP within ranges found during the post war period.

In future projections work the development of potential demand and 

its distribution among major demand components discussed in this and 

the preceding section will be calculated by an aggregate econometric 

model developed by Dr. Lester Thurow of Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology. A description of Dr. Thurow’s model can be found in this 

appendix under the heading, “Plans for Development of Data and 

Techniques.”

In du stry structure of final dem and. In the preceding section, potential 

gross national product was allocated to the major categories of demand— 

personal consumption expenditures, gross private domestic investment, 

federal government expenditures, State and local government expenditures, and net foreign demand. These demands must be further disaggregated into demands by industry, consistent with the input-output 

classification system. This section deals with the techniques of distribution 

for each of the major categories of final demand.

Personal consum ption expenditures (P C E ). Allocation of consumer expenditures among each of the producing industries relies upon consumption functions for each of the categories of consumer expenditures as 

defined in the national income and product accounts. These functions, 

which were developed by Professor Houthakker and Dr. Taylor while associated with Harvard University, relate expenditures of a specific item, 

such as shoes, to past expenditure on this item and to past levels and 

changes in total consumer income. In this formulation, total consumption 

expenditures is treated as an income variable and is, by far, the most 

important of the explanatory variables. Annual change in total consumption expenditures was the next most important variable. Relative prices 

appear in about one-half of the equations and, in addition, one or two 

other variables appear in some of the equations. In the estimating 

procedure the sum of the projected levels of the individual items is 

brought into balance with the projected level of total personal consumption expenditures by prorating any difference according to the 

income elasticities of the individual equations.

The demand function implicit in most of the equations is dynamic 

in the sense that it allows the effect of a change in an explanatory 

variable to be distributed over time. Thus, a change in income may have 

a more immediate effect on the expenditure for some items and a lagged 

or gradual effect on other items. In general, a change in income has an 

initial strong influence on durable goods while services respond more 

slowly to the level of income.3

A set of personal consumption expenditures in terms of the national 

income and product accounts, whether for a known or projected year, 

must be transformed into a set of final demands consistent with the 

input-output framework. This transformation consists of reordering the 

data from the one product classification system to another and moving 

from valuation at site of purchase to valuation at site of production. A

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set of conversion factors for this purpose has been developed by the 

Office of Business Economics.4

In the national income and product accounts, the classification of 

personal consumption expenditures has similar or related consumer products grouped into a single item, while the input-output system classified 

products by the producing industry. For example, consumer demand 

for the item “shoes and other footwear” is distributed among final demands from the leather products industry, the rubber products industry, 

and imported footwear. The extreme case is consumer demand for “other 

durable house furnishings,” which is distributed among twenty-one 

input-output sectors covering a wide range of the manufacturing industries. On the other hand, one or more entire personal consumption 

expenditures items may be directly transferable into final demand for 

a single input-output industry. For example, consumer demands for 

electricity and gas—separate personal consumption expenditures items— 

consist entirely of final demand for the output of the electricity, gas, 

water, and sanitary services sector. The limiting case of this kind— 

consumer categories being condensed into demand for a single sector— 

occurs with respect to the various types of “purchased local and intercity transportation,” in which seven PCE categories all are reflected 

entirely as demand on the transportation sector.

Personal consumption expenditures, both projected and historical, are 

developed initially in purchasers’ values and then converted into producers’ values; that is, the distribution costs of trade, transportation, and insurance associated with each purchase are subtracted out of each industry 

sector and added to trade, transportation, and insurance, the margin 

industries. The margin rates in use are based on the 1958 proportions 

with the introduction of some modifications and time trends. The margins 

are aggregated by type and included as part of the final demand by the 

consumer for the output of the respective margin industries.

While standardized programs have been developed to derive the personal consumption expenditures “bill of goods” in a continuous sequence 

of operations, the results are reviewed at each stage of the process. 

Modifications are made to the system as additional structural information becomes available. Moreover, the projected levels of personal consumption expenditures are sometimes modified to reflect more recent 

data and the constraints imposed by other parts of the input-output 

system.

A different approach is used in this report with respect to personal 

remittances-in-kind to foreigners and expenditures of foreign visitors 

in the United States than that used in the national income and product 

accounts and in the original input-output table. In the latter data, such 

expenditures are included in the industry detail of both personal consumption expenditures and exports. To avoid double counting, these 

remittances and expenditures are deducted in a lump sum from personal 

consumption expenditures and shown as a negative entry in industry 

85, “rest of the world” . In this report, the adjustment for remittances 

and expenditures of foreign visitors is made for each sector and the 

negative entry in industry 85 is eliminated.5

G ross p riva te dom estic in vestm en t (G P D I). In projecting the industry 

composition of investment demand for each of the producing industries,

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investment is treated as four separate categories: 1) Nonresidential 

construction, 2) producers’ durable equipment, 3) residential structures 

and, 4) net inventory change. For two of these—residential and nonresidential structures—little adjustment is needed in order to use this 

in an industry final demand bill of goods since new construction is one 

industry in the 82 sector input-output tables used for these projections. 

The only adjustments necessary are to deduct the estimated commissions 

on expenditures for structures that go to the real estate industry, and 

transfer the estimated value of net purchases of used structures from 

the private sector to the public sector.

The projections of demand for producers’ durable equipment are 

developed by industry analyses of time trends which appear in the 

basic data. These data consist of the full detail of the producers’ durable 

equipment portion of the national income and product accounts. Little 

effort beyond the extension of past trends is required at this point in 

the calculations because of a later sequence which balances the demand 

for producers’ durable equipment with industry capital requirements.

Projected net inventory change by producing industries is based on 

industry distributions of these changes for historical years. Since most 

data on inventory change are compiled by purchasing or holding industries, the data must be translated into a producing-industry basis. In order 

to translate inventories from purchasing-industry to producing-industry, 

inventory data on goods-in-process, finished goods and supplies and 

materials are used separately. For supplies and materials and for goodsin-process the direct requirements table is used to estimate the producing 

industry composition. For example, if the construction machinery industry holds certain inventories, use of the coefficients for this industry 

in the direct requirement table will convert these inventories into the 

steel, rubber, and engines which serve as inputs to this industry. By 

following this procedure for each industry, inventories are converted 

from a purchasing-industry basis to producing-industry basis. Finished 

goods-on-hand are, of course, already on a producing-industry basis.

In developing the 1980 projections of inventory change by producing 

industry, a percent distribution of inventory change by industry for a 

recent historical year is used as the initial projections of the distribution 

of net inventory change. The initial projection is modified as required 

at a later stage in the model.

F ederal G overnm ent E xpenditures. The Federal Government industry 

bill of goods is prepared by breaking the government account into two 

broad groups, defense and nondefense. In the case of defense, the projections rely upon detailed historical patterns compiled for one or two 

recent years. From these data it is possible to make broad assumptions 

about major shifts in weapon systems, such as a general movement 

toward more electronics or computers, and to adjust the industry structure of the projected demand accordingly.

For nondefense activity, which include the National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration (NASA) as well as other nondefense installation, 

historical data for a recent period is developed separately for NASA 

and for all other nondefense areas. For both of the nondefense groupings, expenditures for new construction and for the constant dollars 

compensation of employees were projected separately. The constant

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dollar compensation, of course, was estimated at an earlier stage of the 

calculations when the potential GNP was developed. After these two items 

are projected, the industry composition of the other nondefense spending 

is estimated, primarily on the basis of the industry distribution in the 

base period. However, some adjustments are made to incorporate known 

or projected shifts in the distribution of expenditures, e.g., the high rate 

of growth in expenditures for computers.

S ta te and Local G overnm ent E xpenditures. State and local government 

bills of goods are developed by separately projecting purchases for each 

of the following components of State and local spending: elementary 

and secondary education, higher education, other education, highways, 

hospitals, health, sanitation, natural resources, parks and recreation, 

government enterprises, and finally “all other.” These separate estimates 

consider to the extent possible the effect that special factors will have on 

a given category. For instance, education projections are made by considering enrollment projections and trends in pupil-teacher ratios; the 

projections of highways and hospitals expenditures consider recent 

changes in federal legislation and attempt to gage their effects on past 

trends in these categories.

A projection of employment is made for each of these categories of 

State and local government expenditures, consistent with the overall 

employment estimate used in developing the potential gross national product. With these employment projections it is possible to derive a separate 

estimate of constant dollar compensation for each of the individual 

functions of State and local government in 1980. Next, for each function 

an estimate of structures is made for 1980 based on past trends and 

recent developments in federal legislation which may be expected to 

materially effect these trends. Given these estimates of construction and 

compensation for each area of State and local spending, a residual 

amount remains which is distributed to producing sectors based on a 

distribution of industry purchases obtained from the 1958 input-output 

study. Some modification is made within these industry distributions 

to take into consideration recent changes, e.g., the use of computers and 

teaching machines.

N e t F oreign Dem and. Exports and imports are handled separately at 

their gross levels in the input-output system and are netted only at a final 

stage in order to present a conceptually correct level of GNP. Exports 

are treated as any other component of final demand in the input-output 

system; imports, on the other hand, require a unique treatment.

In order to develop an industry bill of goods for exports, a two stage 

process is followed. Data are developed for exports in balance of payments categories, which classifies exports into about eight major groups. 

These data, in turn, are related to the country or area of the world for 

which these exports were destined. To develop projections of exports 

by each of these major categories, projections of the industrial production 

of real gross national product for each of the important trading partners 

of the United States are used.6 Thus, these projections of exports have 

taken into consideration the major developments expected with respect 

to our most important trading partners.

After projections are developed for the eight balance of payments

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categories, they are disaggregated into demands for the output of each 

of the industries of the input-output table. This is accomplished by analyzing the industry composition of each of the balance of payments 

categories historically and projecting the industry distributions for 

these categories to 1980.

Competitive imports are grouped into two categories in the input-output 

system: those allocated to final demand and those which go to an intermediate sector.7 Those in the first category include imported items consumed by final demand components in substantially the same form in 

which they are imported; the projections of final demand by industry 

for these components will include an estimate of imports. For example, 

the PCE projection for clothing includes an estimate of finished imported 

clothing.

Imports which become a part of an intermediate sector, i.e., that 

require further processing, also may be divided into two groups: those 

that are the same or similar to domestic products and, therefore, competitive, and those that are different in nature from domestic products and, 

therefore, noncompetitive. Competitive imports are treated as inputs into 

the industry producing the same or similar domestic products. Imports 

of steel, for example, are a input into the primary iron and steel manufacturing industry.

Noncompetitive imports are treated as inputs into the using or consuming sector; for example, since coffee has no domestically produced 

counterpart, it is treated as a purchase by the food industry— where it 

is ground, blended, and packaged prior to being sold to consumers. Once 

imports have been assigned to the appropriate sector as an input, they 

take the form of coefficients and are projected in the same manner as all 

other coefficients. The method of projecting coefficients is discused in the 

section, “ Projection of Input-Output Coefficients,” pp. 66-72 of this appendix. At a later stage in the input-output system the original projection of 

imports are reevaluated in the light of implied growth rates and supply 

requirements. The system balancing procedure is discussed on 72-75.

The industry demands for each of the categories of final demand have 

been described in detail. The total final demand by industry is, of course, 

a simple summation of the demand by industry for each of the components just discussed. In analyzing and using the total final demand by 

industry or the industry structure of any component of demand, it is 

important to understand certain input-output conventions and the industry classification system on which they are based; these are discussed 

in succeeding sections.

In d u stry C on ven tion s o f the In p u t-O u tp u t S y s te m . A number of 

industries included in the input-output system are not identifiable as 

industries in the ordinary sense. In the 1958 input-output table there 

are three synthetic or “ dummy” industries which represent an aggregation of commodities or services which originate in other industres but 

whose use is related to a common activity for which information on 

consumption is generally available only for the entire group. In such 

instances, products made in different industries are channeled through 

a fictitious distributing industry. One example is industry 82, office supplies, which “buys” and then distributes paper clips, typewriter paper, 

and similar office supplies through one central source. The two other

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dummy industries which perform a similar function are industry 81, 

business travel, entertainment, and gifts; and industry 83, scrap, used, 

and secondhand goods. Purchases from industries 81 and 82 do not generate output or employment in these industries themselves, but do generate 

output and employment in the industries which actually produce the 

products and services. Industry 83, the used or scrap industry, is not 

used in tracing the effect of final demand on industry output and employment since this would imply generation of output in order to produce 

scrap to sell to the scrap industry.

In addition, in these projections two industries have been modified 

from their treatment in the 1958 input-output work. The first is research 

and development, (R & D), industry 74. In the 1958 input-output table, 

it is primarily a dummy industry which buys all research and development (R & D) and then sells this package to purchasing industries. The 

R & D industry in these projections has been redefined to include only 

commercial establishments. Therefore, most R & D is not treated as a 

direct sale from the producing industry to the purchaser. For example, 

R & D on military aircraft by the aircraft industry is sold directly to 

the Federal Government.

Industry 85, “ rest of the world” , is modified to exclude travel receipts 

from foreign visitors and personal remittances-in-kind to foreigners. 

This adjustment affects the industry detail of the personal consumption 

expenditure and export categories of final demand.

The treatment of government requires some additional explanation. 

Industry 78, Federal Government enterprises, and Industry 79, State and 

local government enterprises, cover governmental sales of a product or 

service such as the postal service or local transit companies. Industry 84 

includes employment involved in the general governmental operations 

of administration, teaching, and similar activities at both the Federal, 

and State and local levels.

Industry 80, gross imports of goods and services, covers U.S. payments 

to foreigners for merchandise, services, and factors of production. The 

service of domestics is found in industry 86, households.

Classification in the In pu t-O u tp u t S y s te m . The 1958 input-output table 

classifies all productive activities into 87 industries. In addition, a number 

of categories make up final demand and one composite category constitutes value added. Each of the producing industries may cover a 

broad range of products and services. Most of the producing industries 

are combinations of detailed industries as defined in the Standard In d u strial Classification M anual (SIC), 1957 edition, prepared by the Bureau 

of the Budget. The SIC coverage of the 1958 interindustry classification 

system is given in table A -l.

Valuation o f T ransactions. Input-output relationships can be expressed, in concept, in either producers’ value or purchasers’ value. 

Specifically, the inputs for making an automobile can be related to the 

price received by the producer or to the price paid by the purchaser. In 

the input-output tables, the valuation is at producers’ value.

Under a system using producers’ valuation, the individual inputs into 

a consuming industry are valued at producers’ prices. The trade margins 

and transportation costs associated with all of these inputs appear as

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Table A -l. Industry numbering for the 1958 input-output study

Related SIC codes

Industry number and industry title (1957 edition)

Agricultural, forestry, and fisheries:

1. Livestock and livestock products _________

2. Other agricultural products ----------------------

3. Forestry and fishery products ____________

4. Agricutural, forestry, and fisheries services

013, pt. 014, 0193 pt. 02, pt. 

0729

Oil, 012, pt. 014, 0192, 0190, 

pt. 02

074, 081, 082, 084, 086, 091 

071, 0723, pt. 0729, 085, 098

M ining:

5. Iron and ferroalloy ores mining _____

6. Nonferrous metal ores mining ________

7. Coal m ining _____.______________________

8. Crude petroleum and natural gas ____

9. Stone and clay mining and quarrying

10. Chemical and fertilizer mineral mining

1011, 106

102, 103, 104, 105, 108, 109 

11, 12 

1311, 1321

141, 142, 144, 145, 148, 149 

147

Construction:

11. New construction

12. Maintenance and repair construction

138, pt. 15, pt. 16, pt. 17, pt. 

6561

pt. 15, pt. 16, pt. 17

Manufacturing:

13. Ordnance and accessories ___________________________________________________________________

14. Food and kindred products ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

15. Tobacco manufactures ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

16. Broad and narrow fabrics, yarn and thread mills _______________________________________

17. Miscellaneous textile goods and floor coverings ____________________________________________

18. Apparel __________________________________________________________ _____ _______________________

19. Miscellaneous fabricated textile products -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

20. Lumber and wood products, except containers --------------------------------------------------------------------

21. Wooden containers ___________________________________________________________________________

22. Household furniture --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

23. Other furniture and fixtures ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

24. Paper and allied products, except containers and boxes ___________________________________

25. Paperboard containers and boxes ___________________________________________________________

26. Printing and publishing -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

27. Chemicals and selected chemical products ___________________________________________________

28. Plastics and synthetic materials ____________________________________________________________

29. Drugs, cleaning, and toilet preparations ___________________________________________________

30. Paints and allied products ___________________________________________________________ _____

31. Petroleum refining and related industries ___________________________________________________

32. Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products ______________________________________________

33. Leather tanning and industrial leather products ___________________________________________

34. Footwear and other leather products ________________________________________________________

35. Glass and glass products __________________________________________________________ _________

36. Stone and clay products _____________________________________________________________________

37. Primary iron and steel manufacturing _____________________________________________ _____

38. Primary nonferrous metals manufacturing __________________________________________________

39. Metal containers _____________________________________________________________________________

40. Heating, plumbing, and fabricated structural metal products ____________________________

41. Screw machine products, bolts, nuts, etc., and metal stampings _______________________

42. Other fabricated metal products ______________________________ _______________________________

43. Engines and turbines _________________________________________________________________________

44. Farm machinery and equipment ____________________________________________________________

45. Construction, mining, oil field machinery and equipment ______________________________

46. Materials handling machinery and equipment _____________________________________________

47. Metalworking machinery and equipment ___________________________________________________

48. Special industry machinery and equipment _________________________________________________

49. General industrial machinery and equipment ______________________________________________

50. Machine-shop products _____________________________________________________________________

51. Office, computing, and accounting machines ______________________________________________

52. Service industry machines __________________________________________________________________

53. Electric transmission and distribution equipment, and electrical industrial apparatus

54. Household appliances _________________________________________________________________________

55. Electric lighting and wiring equipment ____________________________________________________

56. Radio, television, and communication equipment ____________________________________________

57. Electronic components and necessories _____________________________________________________

58. Miscellaneous electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies ____________________________

59. Motor vehicles and equipment _______________________________________________________________

60. Aircraft and parts __________________________________________________________________

61. Other transportation equipment ____________________________________________________________

62. Professional, scientific, and controlling instruments and supplies _______________________

63. Optical, ophthalmic, and photographic equipment and supplies __________________________

64. Miscellaneous manufacturing _________________________________________________________________

19

20 

21

221, 222, 223, 224, 226, 228 

227 229

225* 23 (except 239), 3992 

239

24 (except 244)

244

251

25 (except 251)

26 (except 265)

265

27

281 (except alumina pt. of 

2819)

282

283, 284 

285

29

30

311 312

31 (except 311, 312)

321, 322, 323

324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329 

331, 332, 3391, 3399 

2819 (alumina only), 333, 334, 

335, 336, 3392 

3411, 3491 

343, 344 

345, 346

342, 347, 348, 349 (except 

3491)

351

352

3531, 3532, 3533 

3534, 3535, 3536, 3537

354

355

356 

359

357

358

361, 362

363

364

365, 366

367

369

371

372

373, 374, 375, 379 

381, 382, 384, 387 

383, 385, 386 

39 (except 3992)

Transportation, communication, electric, gas, sanitary services:

65. Transportation and warehousing _ ___________________

66. Communications, except radio and T V broadcasting _ _

67. Radio and T V broadcasting ___________________________

68. Electric, gas, water, and sanitary services _________

40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47 

481, 482, 489 

483 

49

Wholesale and retail trade:

69. Wholesale and retail trade

Finance, insurance, and real estate:

70. Finance and insurance _

71. Real estate and r e n t a l__

50 (except manufacturers sales 

offices), 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 

57, 58, 59, pt. 7399

60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67

65 (except 6541 and pt. 6561)

Services:

72. Hotels and lodging places: personal and repair services, except automobile repair 70, 72, 76 (except 7694 and 

7609)

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Table A -l.—Continued: Industry Numbering for the 1958 Input-Output Study

Industry number and industry title

Related SIC codes

(1957 edition)

73. Business services _ _ — ------------- _ _ _ _ __ — __ ________ _ _ ______

74. Research and development _ _ _ _ __ ______ ______ __ _ __ _ ______ _________

6541, 73 (except 7361, 7391,

and pt. 7399), 7604, 7699,

81, 89 (except 8921)

75. Automobile repair and services ____ _______ - - _ _ ____ __ _ ____ _ __ _____

76. Amusements ------------- — - - - - ____- - __ - ____ _ _

77. Medical, educational services, and nonprofit organizations _________________ ____ __ _____

Government enterprises:

78. Federal Government enterprises _ _______ ____ __ ___ _ _____ _ ______ ____ ____

75

78, 79

0722, 7361, 80, 82, 84, 86, 8921

79. State and local government enterprises _ _ __ _________ ________ __

Imports:

80. Gross imports of goods and services ______ _ ________ __ _____ _ _ _______ _ _

Dummy industries:

81. Business travel, entertainment, and gifts __ ____________ _ _ __ _ __ _ _________

82. Office supplies __ ____ _ _ _ ____ __ __ __ __ ______ _____ ______

83. Scrap, used and secondhand goods _ ______ _____ __ __________ _____________ __

Special industries:

84. Government industry _ _____ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _______ __ _ _____ _ _ ________ ______

85. Rest of world industry _ _ _ __ _______ __ __ _____ _____

86. Household industry __ __ _ ___ _ ____ _______ _____ ___________ _ ______

87. Inventory Valuation Adjustment (IVA) __ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ ____ __

direct purchases from the trade and transportation industries, respectively. The consequence of using the producers’ valuation of transactions 

as the basis for deriving output is that the outputs generated in the 

input-output system include only requirements at earlier stages of the 

production process; there are no forward accumulations encompassing 

the transportation and trade activities required to move products of a 

given industry onto the next stage of production or to the ultimate 

consumer.

In using the input-output table to convert estimates of final demand 

(usually stated in purchaser’s value) into output requirements, additional 

information is needed on the value of the margins for transportation 

and trade. These values are deducted from purchasers’ value to derive 

the appropriate producers' value A final demand “ bill of goods", therefore, consists of expenditures for specific goods and services, valued at 

producers’ prices, plus separate purchases from the transportation and 

trade industries for the services involved in getting the product from 

the producer to the purchaser. Information on trade and transportation 

margins associated with each transaction was developed as a part of 

the 1958 input-output study by the the Office of Business Economics. 

This information was used to convert the final demand expenditures for 

goods and services in 1980, which were estimated initially in purchasers’ 

value, into producers’ value.

The conversion from producers’ to purchasers’ values has special implications for the trade sector. If transactions were shown as they 

actually occurred, the detailed connections would be between trade sector 

and the producing industries, while the consuming industries would 

purchase most of their inputs from a single source, trade. To show the 

links between producing and consuming industries, or final markets, 

commodities are shown as moving directly from producer to user; their 

passage through the trade industry has been omitted in so far as the 

purchaser is concerned. Therefore, the output of the trade industry is 

measured only in terms of total margins; that is, operating expenses 

plus profits.

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S econda ry P rod u ct T ra n sfers . A final demand “bill of goods” shows 

the demand for items classified by specific groups of products or services. 

However, a product may be made in an industry where it represents the 

principal proportion of the industry’s ouput, or it may be made as a 

“ secondary” product in some other industry. For example, synthetic 

resins are made both in industry 28, plastics and synthetic materials, 

and industry 27, chemicals and selected chemical products. In order 

to avoid splitting the demand for a product between two or more industries, a convention has been adopted of transferring most secondary 

products to the primary producing industry. In the case of synthetic 

resins the transfer is from the chemical industry to the plastics industry. Thus, the latter industry meets the entire demand for synthetic 

resins from the total supply, wherever produced. This approach requires 

that specific items of final demand be classified according to the industries 

producing the items as primary products. The primary industries, in 

turn, will generate demand for these items in the industries where they 

are produced as secondary products. In this way, the final demand for 

the product or service generates production both in the primary industry and also in the industry where the product is secondary.

This approach of transferring products, wherever made, to a single 

industry is based on the assumption of fictitious sales to the primary 

producing industries. It is used in a number of areas in the input-output 

table. This approach permits the demand for products or services to be 

distributed back to the original producing industries in the proportion 

that they contributed to the supply.

An alternative approach is used in a few cases when secondary 

production is large and intrinsically different from the primary output 

of an industry such as automobile repair performed in automobile dealer 

establishments. In these instances, the industries are redefined, i.e., the 

secondary products and their associated inputs are removed permanently 

from the producing industries and assigned to primary industries. In 

the case cited above, the automobile repair services were taken from 

the trade sector and placed in a separate industry.

B a se Y ea r P ric es . The basic input-output table is for the year 1958 

and reflects the 1958 price level. In order to use the input-output 

relationships, the detailed projections of final demand expenditures must 

either be stated in 1958 prices, or the basic input-output relationships 

must be recalculated on a basis consistent with the price level underlying 

the final demand estimates. In this study the projections of final demand 

expenditures are developed in constant 1958 prices.

This does not mean that changes in relative price 8 are ignored. For 

example, projected changes in relative prices are used in developing the 

detailed estimates of consumer expenditures. Also, the change in relative 

price is implicit in projections of input-output relationships. The substitution of one material for another due to relative price changes may 

affect input-output coefficients in the same way as technological change. 

When past trends are used as the basis for projecting input-ouput 

relationships, the past effect of relative prices is assumed to continue.

In p u t-O u tp u t R ela tion sh ip s. An input-output transactions table is a 

rectangular array of interlocking numbers, with the transaction of each

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sector or industry represented by the entries in a particular row and 

column. Every entry in the table can be read in two ways. Read across 

a row, the numbers tell how much the industry of that row sells to every 

industry, including itself, and to the components of final demand, i.e., 

consumption, investment, government expenditures, and net exports. The 

sum of all the entries in a row gives the total output or sales of that 

industry. Read down a column, the entries tell how much the industry 

of that column buys from every industry, including itself, in order to 

produce its own output. The table also shows, as the last entry in each 

column, the “ value added” by the industry.9 The sum of the individual 

purchases from other industries and itself, plus the value added, equals 

the total value of production of the industry. It is the information in the 

column on purchases of specific materials, parts, fuels, business services, 

etc., that is used as the basis for deriving the input-output ratios.

An input-output transactions table, when converted into ratio form,

i.e., into a direct “ coefficients” matrix, can be used to measure the effect 

of a change in demand for an industry's output on all of the immediate 

supplying industries. For example, if the demand for automobiles increases or decreases by a certain amount the direct coefficients of that 

industry will indicate the proportionate effects on the steel, aluminum, 

glass, textile, rubber, plastics, trade, and transportation industries.

Each of the industries directly affected by a change in demand for 

automobiles has its own supplying industries. The steel industry, for 

example, needs coal and iron ore to make steel and the coal and iron 

ore industries, in turn, need other items such as fuel to run the mining 

machinery and to repair parts for equipment. By linking all the inputoutput coefficients together in a consistent and integrated set of relationships, it is possible to trace the effect of a particular demand, that for 

automobiles, for example, on each industry back along the production 

process. These effects include all the raw materials, parts, components, 

fuels, transportation, and distributive services which are ultimately 

included in making the final product, the automobile.

The complex relationships among industries are encompassed in the 

coefficients of the total (direct and indirect) requirements matrix, also 

called an inverse matrix 10. An inverse matrix (such as table 3 of the 

1958 Input-Output Study11), provides the basic framework used to 

explore potential effects on the industrial composition of employment 

in 1980 which may result from alternative assumptions with respect to 

rates and patterns of growth.

Thus, through the use of an input-output system, projections of the 

demand of final users such as consumers or government can be translated into the total output requirements from all industries. However, 

since the base period input-output table represents the price, technology, 

and product mix of 1958, it is not adequate for use in a year as distant 

as 1980. The procedures for coefficient projection are discussed in the 

next section.

P ro jectio n o f In p u t-O u tp u t Coefficients. The need to project input-output coefficients arises because of changes that have taken place or are 

expected to take place. These changes may affect coefficients in a variety 

of ways. Technological change is one of the major factors underlying 

changes in coefficients from period to period. The introduction of nuclear

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electric power plants requires a new input, nuclear fuel. Growth of this 

new input reduced the relative need for other fuels.

Other factors, such as product mix or price change, also can cause 

significant change in coefficients. Product mix problems are inherent in 

a system that uses fixed classification and aggregative industry groups. 

In dividing the U.S. economy into approximately 80 sectors, broad 

industry groupings, such as food and kindred products and chemicals, 

are created. These large sectors include different commodities and services, each of which has its own set of input requirements. If the 

production of the various commodities changes at different rates, then 

the total input coefficients of the sector may also change. This can occur 

even if there are no technological changes in the producing industries. 

For example, construction, mining, and oil field machinery are all included in one sector. Since the output of construction machinery is 

growing more rapidly than the other products, and the material and 

service requirements of each differ somewhat, the sector input coefficients 

may change due solely to the change in product mix.

Most coefficients tend to change slowly. One reason is that long-lived 

capital equipment usually has been incorporated into the existing processes. Even a profitable innovation, such as the basic oxygen steel 

furnace (BOF), takes a substantial amount of time to become widely 

adopted throughout the industry. Oxygen furnaces were first introduced 

in the United States in 1954. In 1967, they still were less than one-third 

of ingot steel output, although the pace of conversion finally has accelerated in the past few years.

S ta ges o f p ro jectio n . Before turning to the specific methods of coefficients projections, it is necessary to consider the context in which 

those projections are made. As noted in the preceding section, an inputoutput system may be thought of as being composed of four related 

components: The matrix of interindustry transactions which are converted into coefficients, the set of values-added in the industries, the 

set of final demands for the industries, and the set of industry outputs. 

Each is dependent on the other and must be mutually consistent in order 

to produce a balanced system. Therefore, the projection of coefficients 

cannot be a totally independent operation— although certain coefficients 

may be projected independently—but must be made in conjunction with 

projections of industry final demands and outputs for the appropriate 

year.12

All projections of input-output relationships begin with a set of inputoutput tables for a base year. For the 1980 projections, the base year 

tables were the 1958 input-output matrices prepared by the Office of 

Business Economics. From this starting point, the first step to the 1980 

projections was the construction of an input-output system for the latest 

year for which reasonably complete data were available, 1965. The 1965 

system then became the basis for the final projections to 1980. The use 

of an interim year in the projections procedure has a definite purpose: 

To allow information about recent structural changes to be incorporated 

into the projections.

In the input-output table constructed for 1958 each component, in fact 

each transaction, was independently established. Census data and those 

from a variety of other sources, as well as a number of imputations

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used in producing the national income and product, accounts, were utilized 

for this purpose. Thus, each element in the system is “known” and the 

integrated whole is a balanced system.

In constructing input-output systems for years other than the benchmark year, the process changes in emphasis from the derivation of the 

“ correct” values from available data to the estimation of “ best” values. 

There are two distinct cases to be considered in terms of the years 

chosen for estimation.

The first case is when an input-output system is developed for a 

non-benchmark year, such as 1965. In this case, there exist some of the 

necessary data: output levels by industry, final demands by type of 

purchase, and industry productivity and technological trends. But the 

industry output levels must be deflated to benchmark-year price levels and 

adjusted for secondary product transfers consistent with input-output 

conventions; the final demands must be deflated, translated into industry 

demands with consideration of product-mix changes, and converted from 

purchasers’ to producers’ values with adjustment for changing trade, 

transportation, and insurance margins. Available information on changes 

in technology will be incomplete and, thus, not wholly sufficient to yield 

proper industry adjustments.

The second case is when an input-output system is developed for a 

future year, such as 1980. In this case, there exist all the problems mentioned above for a non-benchmark historical year; in addition, all variables are unknown. The growth rate, structure, and production processes 

may change due to factors unforeseen or imperfectly understood. Developing an input-output table for a non-benchmark historical year is primarily a problem of restructuring existing data into the proper form, 

with estimation techniques taking a secondary role. Development of an 

input-output system for a projected year, on the other hand, requires the 

estimation of all of the parts of the system as well as the integration of 

those parts into a balanced system. In either case, the coefficients must 

be projected in order to achieve a fully balanced system.

M eth o d o f coefficient p ro jectio n . Two methods of projecting inputoutput coefficients have been used in this study. The first method concentrates attention on changes within particular industries and the second 

focuses on interindustry relationships with the added objective of achieving a balanced system. The first approach utilizes specific data on the 

technology of an individual industry, including past and expected changes 

for selected input-output coefficients. Estimates are made for the expected 

influence of changing technology on the industry’s purchases per dollar 

of its output. Of course, as discussed earlier, the change in the inputoutput coefficients in the past may not have resulted from technological 

change but from product mix or other factors. If it were a case of product mix change, the coefficients projected for the industry would include 

an extension of the influence of this factor.

The second or aggregate approach to coefficient projection used in 

estimating the 1980 coefficients is a general method of coefficient adjustment which takes account of the analyses of specific industries and coefficients.13 In the first type of analysis each industry is evaluated as a 

purchaser of other industries’ products, i.e., an industry is viewed as a 

column in the input-output array. In the more general method of co68

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efficient projection, changes in the sales of an industry to other sectors 

over time is analyzed, i.e., an industry is viewed as a row in the conventional input-output table. In projecting coefficients first to 1965 and 

then to 1980 both approaches were utilized.

Coefficient p ro jection to 1965. The first step in developing the 1965 

input-output table is to estimate output levels and final demands by 

industry from available data. As noted above, the existing data require 

a number of adjustments in order to be stated in base year prices and in 

accord with the input-output sector definitions.

The next step is to calculate the differences by industry between “actual” intermediate demand and the “ derived” intermediate demand 

which is generated by the base year direct coefficients matrix. “ Actual” 

intermediate demand for an industry is simply its total output less its 

final demand:

X - Y = T

where for a particular industry,

X = total output,

Y = final demand,

T = intermediate demand.

The “ derived” intermediate demands are calculated by multiplying the 

output of each sector by the direct coefficients in its column and then 

summing across each row. In matrix terms this calculation is expressed 

as:

A X = T

where A is a direct coefficients matrix,

X is the vector of industry outputs, 

T is the vector of intermediate demands. '

The “ actual” and “ derived” intermediate demands for each sector are 

then compared. The following example will illustrate the procedure:

Industry A 

Industry B

(1)

“ Actual”

Intermediate

1100

400

(2)

“ Derived”

Intermediate

1000

500

(3)

Difference

(1 -2 )

100

- 1 0 0

(4)

Ratio of 

1 - 5 - 2 

1 . 1 0 

.80

The ratios in column 4 indicate the implicit changes in the coefficients 

affecting each industry between the base year and the current year. When 

calculated for each of the sectors of the input-output system using 1965 

outputs and the base year table, the ratios constitute the first estimate 

of the direction and magnitude of coefficient changes from 1958 to 1965.

This procedure lays the basis for assembling a new direct coefficients 

matrix for 1965. The next step is to utilize all of the exogenous information gained from the separate industry studies; the independently projected coefficients are inserted into the system. One area where this type 

of data exist, and where revised coefficients can be substituted directly, 

is competitive imports. Of course, inasmuch as a change in the competitive import ratio will change all of the coefficients proportionately in the 

column for that industry, a scalar calculation needs to be performed 

whenever import coefficients for a sector are changed.14 With the incorporation of the independently estimated coefficients, the “actual” and 

“ derived” intermediate demands are again calculated. The differences or

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“ gaps” for most sectors, hopefully, will be smaller with the inclusion of 

the more recent data, although for some industries the gap may actually 

increase.

At this point in the analysis, the original estimate of industry outputs 

and final demands are thoroughly reexamined. An unusually large gap 

between “actual” and “ derived” intermediate demand is often the result 

of a poor estimate of output or final demand, or both. A standard check 

on a suspect estimate of output is to examine the sector’s column, identifying those industries who sell a significant part of their output to the 

sector in question. If the “ derived” intermediate demands of the supplying industries also shows gaps in the same direction, either positive or 

negative, and of about the same relative magnitude, the output estimate 

in question is very likely in error and is completely reestimated. Correction of an error of this type may resolve the difficulties in one or more 

additional sectors.

Errors in final demand estimates may occur because the product mix 

within a consumer classification has changed, but the allocation of that 

demand to industries is still based on the base year distribution. Changes 

in the transportation and trade margins may also have occurred in the 

time since the base year table was assembled. Errors of this type often 

can be detected only by working simultaneously with the coefficients, 

industry outputs, and final demands.

Whenever a number of changes, in coefficients, outputs, or final demands, are made in the system, the gap analysis is redone. If the appropriate corrections have been introduced, the gaps, on the average, 

will become progressively smaller.

When a single direct coefficient is changed, the “ derived” intermediate 

demand for the supplying industry is altered. When the estimated final 

demand for an industry is changed, the “actual” intermediate demand 

for that industry is altered. When an estimated industry output is 

changed, the “ actual” intermediate demand of that industry is altered 

and, in addition, the “ derived” intermediate demands of all the supplying 

industries are altered. Therefore, after as much investigation of industry 

outputs, final demands, and specific coefficient change has been made as 

time and resources will allow, the latter two elements are fixed at their 

existing levels. The gap analysis is repeated, with the calculated “actual” 

intermediate demands now at their final levels.

At this point, all that remains of the balancing procedure is to bring 

“ derived” intermediate demand to the actual level for each industry, 

by using the aggregative approach to coefficient adjustment. With fixed industry outputs and final demands, this can be accomplished by multiplying the ratio factor for each industry by the coefficients in its row of the 

matrix.15 The independently estimated coefficients should be omitted 

from this procedure as they have usually been derived from more reliable 

data.

If the scaling procedure is done accurately, the system will be in balance, i.e.,

X — Y = A X = T.

Then it will also be true that the final demands by industry and the 

inverse matrix will generate the correct industry outputs :

(I - A )-1 Y = X 16

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Coefficient p rojection s to 1 9 8 0 . Projecting coefficients and developing a 

balanced input-output system for a future year, 1980, as opposed to a 

non-benchmark historical year, involves somewhat different procedures. 

First, data on industry outputs, final demands, and technological advances contributing to coefficient change in 1980 must be entirely estimated. On the other hand, information on the trends of these factors can 

be derived from the changes between the base year systems and the 

balanced system previously developed for 1965.

The first step in developing the direct coefficients matrix for 1980 is 

to project the 1958 to 1965 trends of coefficients change by industry. The 

projection of trends, of course, is tempered by judgment and made in 

light of the existing situation in the individual industries. A large change 

in the coefficients of an industry may result from a one-time shift in its 

input structure due to a major technological advance; in any event, rapid 

changes in coefficients are not likely to continue indefinitely. On the other 

hand, a gradual, well-defined change in the structure of a particular industry, or in the relative importance of some coefficients within an industry, may continue over a long period of time. Information gained 

from individual industry studies also may contribute to the projection of 

trends. These sources of information are used to adjust the 1965 matrix, 

which then becomes a first approximation of the 1980 direct coefficients 

matrix.

The second step in developing the 1980 system is the estimation of final 

demands by industry; the estimation procedure for final demand are 

covered thoroughly in the section on final demand in this appendix 

pp. 75-77. The next step is to use the projected final demands—the 

vector— and the preliminary 1980 direct coefficients—the A matrix— 

to generate tentative industry output levels for 1980 by the now familiar 

matrix inversion and multiplication procedure :

(I - A ) 1 Y = X

Since the industry output levels are generated within the input-ouput 

system, any change in direct coefficients or in final demands will automatically affect one or more output levels. When only final demands are 

altered the matrix multiplication must be repeated in order to generate 

the modified output levels. When direct coefficients are altered a new 

inverse matrix must be calculated and then multiplied by the vector of 

final demands to generate modified output levels.

The procedures for determining the derived levels of final demands 

and outputs by industry and balancing the system for 1980 are different 

in scope from those used for 1965. The 1980 projections of all the elements of the system are pure estimates in the sense that they are not 

bound within fairly definite limits by existing data. Therefore, the initial 

1980 projections of final demands and output levels by industry are subject to a more searching review and, possibly, to more substantial revisions than were appropriate for the 1965 estimates.

In order to evaluate the industry output levels generated by the system, 

the implied average annual rates of growth by industry are calculated 

for the period 1965 to 1980. An extremely high or a very low, or negative, 

rate of growth in an industry is sufficient reason for checking all of the 

factors which produced that rate. Then, the 1965 to 1980 rates of growth 

by industry are compared with those for historical periods; a sharp increase or decrease in the rate of growth of an industry compared with

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an earlier period, is considered sufficient reason to investigate the cause 

or causes. Although extreme rates or deviations in rates of growth most 

often trigger additional investigation, it does not follow that those rates 

are always changed; further investigation may, in fact, reinforce the 

credibility of a preliminary projection. For example, since the projected 

rate of growth in new construction is slightly increased, the growth rates 

of some of its supplying industries, such as stone and clay products, depart 

from past trends, but for valid reasons.

The process of evaluating each ingredient of the 1980 projections 

continues through several iterations. When the point is reached where 

reasonable estimates of each of the components have been achieved, the 

industry outputs and final demands are fixed at their desired levels.

At this point, if the modifications introduced into the system have 

been appropriate, the differences or gaps between the desired level of 

output and that generated by the system for each industry should be 

relatively small, no more than 5 percent of the total output. Then the gap 

analysis is used, as in 1965, to bring the system into balance: the differences between desired industry outputs and final demands are the 

“actual” intermediate demands and the generated outputs multiplied by 

the latest direct coefficients matrix yield the “ derived” intermediate 

demands. The ratio factors for the industries are calculated and used to 

adjust the direct coefficients matrix to its final form. Thus, the aggregative method of coefficient adjustment was used to balance the 1980 inputoutput system in exactly the same way the 1965 system was balanced.

In d u stry O utput L e v e ls . The projected output levels for the inputoutput sectors are calculated by the matrix algebra operation described 

in the preceding section. The industry output levels, in fact, were generated repeatedly in developing the 1980 input-output system. For each 

projection, by using the previously determined output level for 1965 as 

base, the average annual rate of growth, 1965-80, was calculated for each 

industry. Comparisons between these growth rates and those for historical periods for the same industry were an integral part of the projections 

procedure.

O utput P e r M a n -H o u r . In order to progress from the projection of the 

growth rate in industry output to projection of employment in each 

industry, it is necessary to develop an estimate of change in output per 

man-hour. Two approaches are followed: the use of industry equations 

and projection of historical trends.

The industry equations are regressions taking several forms, simple, 

multiple, and log, and relate output per man-hour, the dependent variable, 

to output or employment in the same period or to output per man-hour or 

in the previous period. Although an output per man-hour estimating 

equation to 1980 was developed for most of the input-output sectors, 

many of the equations did not yield satisfactory results in light of past 

data. In these cases it was necessary to use the second approach.

The second approach to projecting output per man-hour by industry 

relies on information on the value of shipments in each sector, deflated 

by an appropriate index derived from statistics of the Office of Prices 

and Living Conditions of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Then the 

deflated data were related to man-hours in the same sector, and annual

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changes in output per man-hour, output, and man-hours were developed 

for all combinations of historical years for each industry. These data 

were used in the following way: If the projected rate of growth of output 

for a given industry was close to the historical rate, the output per manhour projections used initially for the industry was the historical rate of 

change for the post war period. If, however, the projected rate of growth 

of output for a sector was significantly different than the historical rate, 

the historical data were examined to find the longest subperiod when this 

industry’s rate of growth in output was similar to the projected rate; the 

output per man-hour associated with this subperiod was used as the 

projected rate for such a sector. In addition, there remain a few sectors 

for which projections of growth in output are much different from past 

rates of growth and in these cases the projected outputs per man-hour 

were determined on a judgmental basis.

E m ploym ent P ro jection s. The estimates of employment for each of the 

82 sectors were derived from the estimate of output per man-hour, the 

projected level of output, and the projected annual hours for that sector. 

By dividing the projected output by output per man-hour, the level of 

man-hours for that sector is determined. Man-hours is converted to employment in each industry by dividing the former by the projected level 

of annual hours. These estimates of employment include not only wage 

and salary workers, but also the self employed and unpaid family workers. Once total employment has been computed for a sector, ratios are 

used to convert this into the three components of total employment. 

These ratios also are projected, with consideration of discernable trends 

within the industry.

In the procedure just described, employment is derived from estimated 

changes in output per man-hour and estimated 1980 output. When output 

by industry is not of interest, there is a short-cut procedure by which the 

estimates of final demand by sector can be directly converted into employment. In this procedure, the inverse matrix of the projected 1980 

input-output system is converted into an interindustry employment table. 

This is accomplished by creating a row vector of employment-output ratios 

for each of the 82 sectors and multiplying each element of this vector by 

the coefficients in the corresponding row of the 1980 inverse matrix. The 

resulting matrix can be used to translate final demand projections by 

sector into the direct employment required in that industry to meet this 

final demand and the indirect employment required in the supporting 

industries which provides the raw materials, parts, component, fuel, 

transportation, and distribution services embodied in one of these final 

demands. An interindustry employment table for 1980 is provided in 

appendix D.

S ystem Balancing Procedures. The 1980 projections contain many complex relationships among economic variables that were developed through 

a lengthly sequence of operations. It is necessary to have a set of checks 

and balances to insure that the various states of the projections make up 

an internally consistent model. The economic growth model is designed 

to provide a feed-back and balancing procedure with respect to three of 

its elements, imports, investment, and employment. Although the treatment of these elements has been discussed earlier, their special impor73

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tance in balancing the system warrants separate presentations. In practice, all three must be brought into balance simultaneously.

Im ports. As was noted in earlier descriptions, imports are used in 

several ways. First, total imports are a part of the national income and 

product accounts and are offset against total exports in order to arrive 

at the net exports component of gross national product. Next, imports 

are a part of the components of final demand, consumption, investment, 

and government. Also, those imports directly competitive with domestically produced products are allocated to the competing industry and 

treated as an input. Finally, noncompetitive imports which require further processing are allocated to the sector that does the processing.

For both competitive and noncompetitive imports, input coefficients 

were projected to 1980 by using procedures similar to those used for 

other input coefficients. As the economic growth model calculations proceed to the point where industry growth rates in output have been derived, it is possible to use the projected output for a sector in combination with the projected import coefficients to derive an estimated level 

of imports by industry. The sum of these derived industry imports, when 

added to the final demand imports, can be checked against the total imports in the net export component of the gross national product.

In addition, since imports by industry have been separately projected, 

it is possible to make an industry by industry comparison of those values 

and the imports derived by using a sector’s projected output and its 

projected import coefficient. Whenever major differences appear, these 

discrepancies can be brought into balance in one of several ways. First, 

changes can be made in the level of total imports. Second, the industry 

composition of total imports can be changed. Finally, changes can be 

made in the imports coefficients in the input-output table. In practice, a 

check is made of all the elements which go into the import projections 

and those which seem the least reasonable are altered.

G ross p riva te dom estic investm ent. The first step in balancing GPDI 

within the system is to check and, if necessary, modify the levels of two 

categories within this component. These categories are nonresidential 

fixed investment composed of business structures and producers’ durable 

equipment, and net inventory change.

For producers’ durable equipment and for net inventory change an 

industry composition of demand is estimated in the final demand projections sequence of the economic growth model. In the case of producers’ 

durable equipment the distribution is based on time trends. For net inventory change a recent historical distribution is used. In the initial 

rounds of calculations changes are made in the industry composition of 

these categories of demand, primarily on the basis of requirements implied by the projected growth rates in industry outputs. In the case of 

inventory change, the industry composition can be weighted toward those 

sectors which have unusually high projected rates of growth in output.

For producers durables equipment and for some components of nonresidential structures, a more systematic look at the industry composition is involved. This is accomplished by calculating investment-output 

ratios for each sector, with projection where a time trend exists, and 

relating these ratios to the projected industry growth rates.17 This proced74

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ure yields estimates of investment requirements in 1980 by purchasing 

industry. In order to compare these estimates of investment by purchasing industry with the initial industry demands for investment, it is 

necessary to convert the former data to a producing industry basis. A 

capital flow table is used for this purpose; such a table traces transactions 

in investment goods between capital-producing and capital-consuming 

industries.18 At this time, the only capital flow matrix is for 1958.19 In 

order to take some account of structural changes since 1958, the capital 

flow table was aggregated to about 15 sectors. Within these aggregated 

sectors, some general structural shifts can be made, such as more computers per dollar of investment and less plant per dollar of investment. 

Using this aggregated capital flow table, along with the investment by 

purchasing industry aggregated to the equivalent sectors, another estimate of demand for capital by producing industry can be calculated. If 

the industry demands which result are significantly different from those 

already included in the model, further modifications may be needed in 

the bill of goods for nonresidential construction and producers’ durable 

equipment.

E m ploym ent. The last area where a balancing check is made is for total 

employment. After the economic growth calculations are completed, employment by industry is derived. The individual industry employment 

levels are totaled and checked against the total employment used in deriving the potential growth rate of GNP in the first stage of the calculations. If these levels do not match, several elements within the projections 

are checked. For each sector the projections of final demand, input-output 

coefficients, and output per man-hour are evaluated. Modifications are 

made whenever inconsistencies appear in order to bring about the desired 

balance in the employment. Most often these modifications are made in 

the individual industry projections of output per man-hour. In theory, of 

course, if the industry projections of output per man-hour could be relied 

on, the aggregate productivity used in the first step of the projections 

could be modified. However, the modifications usually are made in the 

detailed industry’s projected rate of change in output per man-hour, 

because, first, the aggregate output per man-hour rates have been stable 

over most of the postwar period and, second, much remains to be 

learned about the appropriate method for projecting industry productivity.

Plans for development of data and techniques

A number of research efforts are now planned or underway under the 

aegis of the Interagency Economic Growth Project. The objective of 

these research projects is the development of new techniques and additional data leading to improved projections of economic growth.

A ggregate Econom etric M odel. In developing the projections contained 

in this report, the estimate of total GNP and its composition were made 

with only a minimum consideration of the income implications. In order 

to overcome this shortcoming, as well as to develop a model useful as an 

independent tool, the Interagency Economic Growth Project engaged Dr. 

Lester Thurow of MIT to develop an aggregate econometric model of the

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United States.20 This model is a thirty-equation econometric representation of the U.S. economy and is especially designed to study the effects of 

certain alternative fiscal policies.

The Thurow model can be roughly divided into three sections: supply, 

income, and demand. The supply side consists of an aggregate production function which is used to calculate potential private GNP. Total 

potential GNP is obtained by adding an exogenous estimate of gross 

government product to the estimate of potential private GNP. The 

production function used in deriving private GNP has both labor and 

capital inputs; consequently, the model derives an estimate of gross 

private investment in a simultaneous solution with the production function.

The supply GNP is used in the income portion of the model to calculate the income flows. Components of demand GNP are estimated in 

constant dollars by using supply GNP and disposable personal income. 

Prices used in the system are exogenously estimated. Separate equations 

are used to derive each of the major components of final demand. From 

the three major parts of the model, estimates can be derived of total 

GNP in current and constant dollars, and government revenues and expenditures for the Federal government and for State and local governments.

Although this model was not used in developing the projections for 

1980, current plans are to use it in future projection work. It will be an 

important factor in determining the overall level of GNP and the demand 

composition of this GNP. Also, it will be possible to consider explicitly 

some of the implications of the demand projections for income payments 

as a part of the economic growth model.

Capital. The estimates of capital requirements in the 1980 projections 

(as was true in the earlier 1970 projections) were developed without 

the use of gross stocks of capital by industry; also, the only available 

capital flow matrix was for 1958. In order to fundamentally improve 

projections of the demand for capital by producing industries, estimates 

of the levels of capital stock in purchasing industries over time and a 

more recent capital flow matrix are necessary. The Interagency Economic 

Growth Project has research planned in both of these areas. With respect to the former, Jack Faucett Associates has explored methods and 

data sources for estimating gross stocks by industry and also has developed gross stock estimates for eight selected input-output sectors; this 

research has been published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in a separate report.21

The Office of Business Economics, as one part of its contribution to the 

Interagency Economic Growth Project, is beginning work on a 1963 

capital flow table which will complement their 1963 input-output table. 

In the future, capital flow tables will be a regular part of the work of the 

Office of Business Economics in the input-output field; for each year an 

input-output table is developed, a complementary capital flow table is 

planned. These data on changing capital investment patterns will make 

feasible the projection of capital flow tables.

P rojection s of O utput P er M an-Hour. As is apparent in reading the 

earlier description of methods used in the 1980 projections, the projection

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of the rates of growth in output per man-hour relies primarily on past 

trends for most industries. The statistical methods developed to project 

output per man-hour by industry, in general, have not been successful. 

The problem of how to project labor productivity is of particular interest 

to the Bureau of Labor Statistics and one in which much exploratory 

work is contemplated.

Sources of Econom ic G row th. The origins of economic growth, of 

course, are fundamental to the development of an economic growth model. 

The Interagency Economic Growth Project has contracted with Mr. Edward F. Denison of the Brookings Institution to revise, refine, and update his earlier work concerning the sources of economic growth in the 

United States.22 The current work will include estimates of capital requirements as well as estimates of the labor input by industry. The completed work should prove instrumental in future efforts to separate the 

factors contributing to economic growth.

F O O T N O T E S

1 The 82-industry input-output table used as the base is the 1958 table published

by the Office of Business Economics in the September 1965 issue of the S u rvey of

Current B usiness.

2 W ith zero productivity assumed for the governm ent sector, the projected change

in governm ent product is sim ply the projected change in constant dollar compensation. The three levels of government are separately treated because of differences

in their level of compensation.

3 The derivation and form of these estim ating equations are fu lly discussed in

H outhakker, Hendrik, and Taylor, Lester D ., Consum er D em and in the U nited

S ta tes, 1 9 2 9 -7 0 , Volum e 126, [H arvard U niversity Press, 1966.] This work will be

updated in a forthcom ing book by the same authors.

4 N an cy W . Simon, “ Personal Consumption Expenditures in the 1958 Input-O utput

Study,” S u rv ey o f Current Business [October 1965.] pp. 7 -2 0 .

5 The data fo r 1958 in appendix D of the Input-O utput tables, tables D -3 and D -6

have been modified from the levels in the original 1958 input-output table to reflect

this convention.

6 Projections o f gross national product, industrial production, or population made by

the United N ations or by the Organization o f Economic Cooperation and Developm ent are used in m aking these projections.

7 Interm ediate sector as used here is any one o f the industries in the input-output

chart that perform s further processing of an item and is m eant as a distinction from

a final demand category.

8 Relative price change is the relationship between the change in price o f a given

commodity or service and the average price change o f all commodities and services.

9 V alue added of an industry consists of labor compensation, proprietors’ income,

profits, interest, depreciation, and indirect business taxes.

10 In algebraic term s the roles of the transactions, direct coefficients, and inverse

coefficients m atrices, and their relationships to each other, final demand, and total

output are as fo llo w s:

G iven: Y , a n x 1 vector of final demands,

X , a n x 1 vector of industry outputs,

T , a n x n m atrix o f interm ediate input-output transactions in which the

elements o f a row or a column are additive.

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In particular,

n

S Tij + Y i = X i fo r all i = 1 , ............................ n

j = 1

where i’s represent rows and j ’s represent columns.

A n d defining - 5 ^ - = A ij, T {j = A ij X j

where every A ij is one element in the direct coefficients m atrix A .

T h en :

n

n

2 A ij X j = 2 T ij,

i = i j = i

n

and by substitution: 2 A u X j + Y i = X i fo r each sector.

j = l

F or all sectors: A X + Y = X ,

so th at by rearranging and fa cto rin g :

X - A X = Y , (I - A ) X = Y ,

where I is a n x n identity m atrix.

F in ally, derive the inverse of (I — A ) and prem ultiply both sides of the last equation

by the inverse m atrix (I—A) -1 so th a t:

X = (I - A ) -1Y .

11 M orris, R. Goldman, M artin L. M arim ont, and Beatrice N . V accara, S u rv ey of

C urrent B u sin ess, N ovem ber 1964, and N ational Economics Division, S u rv ey o f C urren t B u sin ess, September 1965.

12 V alue added by industry is determined exactly in base year tables; for other

years the industry values-added are determined only within a range of reasonableness. A d ju stin g for price changes in the elements of value added for projected years

presents particularly difficult conceptual problems.

13 The aggregate method described on the follow ing pages for updating an inputoutput table resembles in m any w ays the Stone or R A S method developed by Professor Richard Stone of Cam bridge U niversity, England. The method described here,

however, is somewhat less mechanical than the Stone Method. The Office o f Business

Econom ics, in producing the updated 1961 input-output table which they have published, used a method sim ilar to the one described here. H ow ever, they did it in two

stages by updating initially in current prices and then perform ing an item by item

deflation. This unquestionably is a superior technique.

14 Since competitive im ports are considered in the input-output system as a part of

total supply, change in the ratio of im ports to total supply will necessitate an equal

and offsetting change in domestic production and the input coefficients to produce

this domestic product.

15 Although no direct account is taken of value added in the set of procedures described here, it is im portant to keep in mind that any change in the sum of coefficients

in a column im plicitly changes the value-added ratio. Consequently, it is desirable that

the sum o f the coefficients in the column not change by a large m argin.

16 See footnote 10 for the derivation o f this question.

17 Conceptually, this should be calculated using capital stock to output ratios. See

p. 76 o f this appendix fo r a discussion o f the research work in capital planned to

im prove the economic growth model.

ls The 1958 capital flow m atrix tabulates transactions in capital (producers durable

equipm ent and nonresidential structures) between industries that produce capital

goods and those that purchase the capital goods. W henever the industry that pur78

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chases the capital goods is not the industry that uses it, as is sometimes the case for 

capital items such as construction equipment, adjustments are made to put the capital 

on a using industry basis rather than to have it on a financial or holding industry 

basis.

19 Capital Flow Matrix, 1958, BLS Bulletin 1601, (1968).

20 This model was published in the June 1969 issue of the S u rvey of Current B u siness and is described there in much greater detail.

21 Capital Stocks, Production Functions and Investment Functions for Selected 

Input-Output Sectors, BLS Report 355, (1970). Under another contract with the 

Office of Emergency Preparedness, Jack Faucett Associates is developing estimates of 

gross capital stocks for each of the input-output sectors.

22 Edward F. Denison, The Sources o f Econom ic G row th and the A ltern atives

B efore U s, [New York Committee for Economic Development, 1962.]

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A P P E N D IX B. Bibliography of Research B y T h e Interagency 

Economic Grow th Project

General

Alterman, Jack, “ Studies of Long Term Economic Growth,” M onthly

L abor R eview , August 1965, pp. 983-987.

______ , “Interindustry Employment Requirements,” M onthly Labor

R eview , July 1965, pp. 841-850.

Jacobs, Eva E. and Kutscher, Ronald E., “Factors Affecting Changes 

in Industry Employment, M onthly Labor R eview , April 1967, pp. 

6-12.

Thurow, Lester, “A Fiscal Policy Model of the United States,” S u rvey of

C urrent Business, Vol. 49, No. 6, June 1969, pp. 45-64.

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, P rojection s 1970,

Bulletin 1536,1966.

Federal Governm ent

Colm, Gerhard and Wagner, Peter, F ederal B udget P rojection s: Studies

of G overnm ent Finance, Washington, D.C., The Brookings Institution, 1965. (Only partially sponsored from growth project funds.)

Oliver, Richard P., “The Employment Effect of Defense Expenditures,” 

M onthly Labor R eview , September 1967, pp. 9-15.

_______, “Increases in Defense-Related Employment During the Viet

Nam Buildup,” M onthly Labor R eview , February 1970, pp. 3-10.

Waldorf, William H., “The Responsiveness of Federal Personal Income 

Taxes to Income Change,” S u rvey of C urrent Business, Vol. 47, No. 

12, December 1967, pp. 32-45.

Walsh, James I., “Federal Highway Programs and Employment,” 

M onthly L abor R eview , August 1968, pp. 37-39.

State and Local Governm ent

Council of State Governments, Financing Public H ospitals and H ealth

S ervices: 1970 P rojections, Research Memorandum, Washington,

D.C., unpublished.

______ , Financing Public W elfare: 1970 P rojections, Research Memorandum 382, Washington, D.C., 1965.

______ , H ealth and H ospital E xpenditures of S tate and Local G overnm en ts; 1970 P rojections, Research Memorandum 390, Washington, 

D.C., 1966.

______ , Income and Sales Taxes: The 1970 Outlook, Research Memorandum 384, Washington, D.C., 1966.

---------, Income Taxes, Washington, D.C., 1965, unpublished.

______ , Local School E x p en d itu res: 1970 P rojections, Research Memorandum 382, Washington, D.C., 1965.

---------, P ro p erty Taxes, The 1970 Outlook, Research Memorandum 381,

Washington, D.C., 1965.

---------, Public Spending fo r H igher Education, 1970, Research Memorandum 374, Washington, D.C., 1965.

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_______ , Sales and M iscellaneous T a x es: 1 970 P ro jection s, Washington,

D.C., 1965, unpublished.

______ , S tate P rogram m ing and Economic D evelopm ent, Research Memorandum 379, Washington, D.C., 1965.

_______ , T ransportation O utlays o f State and C ities: 197 0 P rojection s,

Research Memorandum 375, Washington, D.C., 1965.

______ , W ater, Sew ages, and O ther Sanitation E xpenditures, Washington, D.C., 1965, unpublished.

______ , W ater Supply and Sanitation E xpenditures of S ta te and Local

G o v ern m en t: P ro jection s to 1970, Research Memorandum 389, 

Washington, D.C., 1966.

Muskin, Selma J. and Adams, Robert F., E m erging P a ttern s of F ederalism , Washington, D.C., The George Washington University, State 

and Local Finances Project, March 1966, unpublished.

Muskin, Selma J. and Tupo, Gabrielle C., P ro ject 1 9 7 0 : P ro jectin g the

S ta te and Local S ector, Washington, D.C., The George Washington 

University, State and Local Finances Project, June 1966, unpublished.

Sacks, Seymour, Police and F ire P rotection, and O ther E xpenditures of

S ta tes and L ocalities: 1970 P rojections, Syracuse, N.Y., Syracuse 

University, unpublished.

Personal Consum ption Expenditures

Brady, Dorothy et al., The Diffusion of N ew P roducts and Their Im pact

on Consum er E xpen ditu res, Philadelphia, Pa., University of Pennsylvania, Department of Economics, Economic Research Services 

Unit, December 1962, unpublished.

Ferber, Robert and Guthries, Harold, F a ctors Influencing C on su m er B e ­

havior, Champaign-Urbana, Illinois, University of Illinois, InterUniversity Committee for Research on Consumer Behavior, Consumer Savings Project, August 1964, unpublished.

Friedman, Charles S., “Auto Ownership by Households in Mid-1964: 

Influences of Income and Other Socioeconomic Factors/’ S u rvey of

C urrent Business, Vol. 46, No. 10, October 1966, pp. 14-24.

______ , “The Stock of Automobiles in the U.S.,” S u rvey of C urrent

Business, Vol. 45, No. 10, October 1965, pp. 21-27.

______ , “ Stock of Passenger Cars: Postwar Growth and Distribution,”

S u rv ey o f C u rren t B u sin ess, Vol. 43, No. 9, September 1963, pp. 17-

24.

Houthakker, Hendrik and Taylor, Lester D., C on su m er D em a n d in the

U nited S ta tes, 1 9 2 9 -1 9 7 0 , Vol. 126, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1966. (Revised edition to be published in 1970.)

Simon, Nancy W., “Personal Consumption Expenditures in the 1958 

Input-Output Study,” Su rvey of C urrent Business, Vol. 45, No. 10, 

October 1965, pp. 7-20.

Taylor, Lester D., C om bining T im e S eries and C ross Sectional D ata,

Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University, April 1967, unpublished.

_______ , P ro jectin g C on su m er E x p en d itu res in 1 9 7 0 : A F inal R ep ort,

Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University, 1967, unpublished.

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Gross Private Domestic Investment

Atkinson, T. Jay, “Factors Affecting the Purchase of New Houses,” 

S u rv ey o f C u rren t B u sin ess, Vol. 46, No. 8, August 1966, pp. 20-36.

______ , “Long Term Influences Affecting the Volume of New Housing

Units,” S u rv ey o f C u rren t B u sin ess , Vol. 43, No. 11, November 1963, 

pp. 8-19.

Brown, Murray, “Depreciation and Corporate Profits,” S u rv ey o f C urren t B u sin ess, Vol. 43, No. 10, October 1963, pp. 5-12.

Frumpkin, Norman, “ Construction Activity in the 1958 Input-Output 

Study,” S u rv ey o f C u rren t B u sin ess, Vol. 45, No. 5, May 1965, pp. 

13-34.

Jack Faucett Associates, Inc., Capital Stocks, P roduction F u n ction s and

In vestm en t F u n ction s fo r Selected In p u t-O u tp u t S ectors, Silver 

Spring, Md., 1968, unpublished.

______ , D evelop m en t o f a M a trix o f In terin d u stry Transactions in Capital G oods in 1963, Silver Spring, Md., 1966, unpublished.

_______ , M eth o d o lo g y fo r C onstru ctin g G ross and N e t Capital Stock

S eries fo r In p u t-O u tp u t S ectors, Silver Spring, Md., 1967, unpublished.

_______ , P ro jectio n s o f B u sin ess In vestm en t L ev e ls to 1 9 7 0 , Silver

Spring, Md., 1965, unpublished.

Grose, Lawrence, Rottenberg, Irving and Wasson, Robert C., New Estimates of Fixed Business Capital in the United States, S u rv ey o f C urren t B u sin ess, Vol. 46, No. 12, December 1966, pp. 34-40; also Vol. 

47, No. 2, February 1967, pp. 20-24; Vol. 47, No. 12, December 1967, 

pp. 46-52; and Vol. 49, No. 2, February 1967, pp. 20-27; Office of 

Business Economics, U.S. Department of Commerce.

Jaszi, George, Wasson, Robert C., and Grose, Lawrence, “ Expansion of 

Fixed Business Capital in the United States,” S u rv ey o f C u rren t

B u sin ess, Vol. 42, No. 11, November 1962, pp. 9-18.

Kutscher, Ronald E. and Walsh, James I., “How Business Investment 

Affects Employment,” M o n th ly L a bor R eview , November 1968, pp. 

35-39.

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Capital F low s,

1958, Bulletin 1601,1968.

Exports and Im ports

Allen, William R., N ational In com e, A b sorp tio n , and the Balance o f P a y ­

m en ts, Staff Working Paper in Economics and Statistics, No. 3, U.S. 

Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics, 1964.

Bowman, Charles, T., “Report on Employment Related to Exports,” 

M o n th ly L a bor R ev iew , June 1969, pp. 16-20.

______ , “Employment Related to Exports by States,” M on th ly L a bor

R ev iew , September 1968, pp. 42-44.

Parrish, Evelyn M., A P a ttern o f Balances o f P a ym en t B etw een W orld

R egion s in 1970, Staff Working Paper in Economics and Statistics, 

No. 9, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics,

1964.

Roxon, Daniel, “Domestic Job Attributable to U.S. Exports,” M on th ly

L a bor R ev iew , December 1968, pp. 12-20.

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In put-O utput Coefficients

Harvard University, Harvard Economic Research Project, P rojections of

In pu t S tru ctu re (for selected industries), Cambridge, Mass., unpublished.

For the following industries:

1. Textiles and apparel (ISP 16,17,18, and 19)

2. Paper and allied products and paper board containers (ISP 24

and 25)

3. Petroleum refining (ISP 31)

4. Glass (ISP 35)

5. Iron and steel (ISP 37)

6. Metal containers (ISP 39)

7. Heating, plumbing, and fabricated structural metals (ISP 40)

8. Screw machines products and other fabricated metal products

(ISP 41 and 42)

9. Engines and turbines (ISP 43)

10. Farm machinery and equipment (ISP 44)

11. Construction, mining machinery, and equipment (ISP 45)

12. Household appliances (ISP 54)

13. Motor vehicles (ISP 59)

14. Other transportation equipment (ISP 61)

15. Transportation and warehousing (ISP 65)

16. Electric and gas utilities (ISP 68)

17. Metalworking sectors: General considerations

______ , P ro jection s o f 195 8 In p u t-O u tp u t Coefficients to 1 9 7 0 , Cambridge, Mass., unpublished.

Jack Faucett Associates, Inc., P ro jection s to 1970 o f In p u t Coefficients fo r

S elected C onstru ction A c tiv itie s , Silver Spring, Md., 1964, unpublished.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, A gricu ltu re

1 9 7 0 : Its M a rk ets and S elected C haracteristics o f Its S tru ctu re, 

June 1963, unpublished.

U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Mines, M eth o d o lo g y U sed to E s tim a te 197 0 In p u ts and O utputs o f S ix In terin d u stry Sales and P u rchases ( I S P ) : M in in g and T w o Refining S ecto rs , January 1964, unpublished.

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1 970 In p u t-O u tp u t

C oefficients, Report 326, 1967.

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APPENDIX C. Annotated Bibliography of Publications 

on Economic Projections

General

“ U.S. Economy in 1980,” M onthly Labor R eview , April 1970.

Projections for 1980 are developed for the labor force, gross national 

product and its major components, output by industry, output per manhour, employment by sector and occupation. This summary report also 

presents the major implications of these projections.

Labor Force

“ The U.S. Labor Force: Projections to 1985,” Sophia C. Travis, 

M onthly L abor R eview , May 1970, pp. 3-12.

A complete new set of labor force projections by age, sex, and race 

for 1980 is presented. Also, these projections for the first time have 

been extended to 1985.

“ Labor Force Projections for 1970-80,” Special Labor Force Report 

No. 49, M onthly L abor R eview , February 1965.

The overall U.S. labor force projections provide data by age and sex 

for 1970, 1975, and 1980. They are based on population projections of 

the Census Bureau and on BLS projections of past trends in labor force 

participation rates of various age-sex groups based on current Population 

Survey data since 1948. The projections take account of trends in factors 

such as school enrollment and labor force participation of students; work 

activity of mothers of young children and other married women, and of 

trends in retirement. (These projections are based on the current definition of age 16 and over. See the 1968 M anpower R eport of the P resid en t, 

appendix tables E-2 to E-5.)

“ Labor Force Projections by Color, 1970-80,” Special Labor Force 

Report No. 73 M onthly Labor R eview, September 1966.

Labor force projections by color include data by age and sex for 1970, 

1975, and 1980. They are consistent with overall United States projections but were prepared in less age detail.

“ Labor Force Projections by States, 1970 and 1980,” Special Labor 

Force Report No. 74 M onthly Labor R eview, October 1966.

Projections by State are by broad age groups and sex for 1970 and 

1980, with data by color for most States. These projections were based 

on data from Censuses of 1940, 1950, and 1960 using trends in ratios 

of State to national labor force participation rates for each age-sex-color 

group.

The projections are intended to be illustrative of a set of consistent 

State projections based on past trends and particular assumptions with 

respect to migration. They do not take account of specific economic developments in particular States.

“ Education of Adult Workers in 1975,” Special Labor Force Report 

No. 95 M onthly Labor R eview, April 1968.

These show years of school completed by age and sex for the civilian 

labor force 25 years old and over in 1975: They are consistent with the 

projections of the labor force. They are also consistent with the most 

recent projections of the educational attainment of the population.

85

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Output and Interindustry Relations

P ro jection s 1970, (BLS Bulletin 1536), December 1966.

Projections 1970 presents projections of potential demand, its industrial structure and the employment consistent with these demand projections. These projections were made using as a framework a projected 

input-output table. The 1970 projections were made under four alternative 

assumptions regarding the level of unemployment, the level of GNP, 

its distribution into major components, and the industrial structure 

of demand within each of these components.

197 0 In p u t O utput C oefficients, (BLS Report 326).

BLS Report 326 contains the input-output coefficients used in making 

the 1970 projections.

Industry and Occupation Detail

P ro jection s 1970. (BLS Bulletin 1536), December 1966.

The 1970 industry employment projections in this publication were 

made with approximately 80 industrial categories both for wage and 

salary employment and also for total employment which includes in addition to wage and salary workers, the self-employed and unpaid family 

workers.

T om orro w 's M a n p o w er N e e d s, Volumes I, II, III, IV (BLS Bulletin 

1606), 1969.

This four volume publication presents projections to 1975 of national 

industrial and occupational manpower requirements and provides a guide 

to their use in developing State and area manpower projections. The report includes occupational-industry matrices for 1960 and 1975, information on how to develop death and retirement losses and how to appraise 

the adequacy of supply in individual occupations, discussions of changing 

occupational patterns for individual industries, and discussions of employment growth and training requirements for several occupations.

A m erica 's Industrial and Occupational M a n p o w er R eq u irem en ts, 1 9 6 U -

75, Reprinted from the O utlook fo r Technological Change and E m p lo y ­

m en t, Appendix Volume 1, Report of the National Commission on Technology, Automation, and Economic Progress, Washington, D.C., 1966,

181 pp.

The report was prepared to illustrate the effect of technological innovations on manpower requirements for major industries and occupations. 

Each industry and occupational statement includes information on past 

employment trends through 1964, projected 1975 requirements, and discussion of technological innovations and other economic and demographic 

developments affecting manpower needs.

“ Projected Requirements for Technicians in 1980,” Michael F. Crowley, 

M o n th ly L a bor R ev iew , May 1970, pp. 13-17.

This is a study of the supply and demand of technicians who work 

with scientists and engineers. It includes employment estimates for 1966 

and projected 1980 requirements, definitions of technician occupations, 

analyses of future supply and demand conditions, and sources of educa86

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tion and training. The study was supported by the National Science Foundation and is designed for use in manpower and education planning and 

for vocational counseling.

H ea lth M a n p o w er 1 9 6 6 -7 5 : A S tu d y o f R equ irem en ts and Supply,

(BLS Report 323), 1967, 50 pp.

A report on projected requirements for 13 professional and paraprofessional health occupations in 1975. It includes an analysis of the 

number of new workers that would need to be trained to meet growing 

manpower requirements. It also presents an analysis of health manpower 

requirements by industry. The report was designed for use by Government officials as an aid in planning training and education programs and 

assessing the effect of recent Federal legislation designed to encourage 

the training of health workers.

“ Projections of Manpower Supply in a Specific Occupation,” Neal H. 

Rosenthal, M on th ly L a bor R eview , November 1966, pp. 1262-1266.

This article presents a method for making projections of occupational 

supply that illustrates what levels of supply would result if no steps 

were taken, through vocational guidance or changes in training programs, 

to adjust supply to prospective demand. The article presents projections 

of the supply of scientists and engineers to 1975 as an illustration of the 

method.

“ Estimating Need for Skilled Workers, 1965-75,” Allan F. Salt 

M o n th ly L a bor R eview , April 1966, pp. 365-371.

This article presents projections of the requirements of skilled workers to 1975 and estimates of total openings that will result from growth 

and replacement needs between 1965 and 1975 for several skilled occupations. The estimates were prepared to provide background information for planning training programs for skilled workers and for the evaluation of the adequacy of training activities to meet manpower needs.

“Teaching Shortage to Ease,” Ludmilla K. Murphy, Occupational O utlook Q uarterly, September 1968, pp. 36 and 37.

This article presents projections of requirements and supply of elementary and secondary school teachers to 1975. It indicates the implications of the potential rapid expansion of the supply of teachers relative 

to requirements.

Occupational O utlook H andbook, 1 9 6 8 -6 9 edition, (BLS Bulletin 1550, 

1968, 765 pp).

Presents statements on employment outlook through the 1970’s for 

approximately 700 occupations and 30 industries. In addition to outlook 

statements, the Handbook includes information on the nature of the 

work, training requirements, current employment, and earnings and 

working conditions. The Handbook is designed for use by vocational 

guidance counselors, teachers, and others interested in helping young 

people choose a career.

“ Matching Sheepskins With Jobs,” Neal Rosenthal and Janice Neipert 

Hedges, M o n th ly L a bor R eview , November 1968, pp. 9-15.

A study of the supply and demand for college graduates during the

1966-75 period. Presents information on manpower needs that will result 

from occupational growth and replacement of those who die, retire, or 

otherwise leave the labor force. The analysis of supply discusses not only 

new college graduates but also re-entrants, delayed entrants, and immigrants. Includes discussions of requirements and supply for college grad87

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uates as a whole, and for selected occupations such as physicians, engineers, and scientists. The study also discusses implications of the findings 

for educators, officials responsible for public policy, students, and counselors.

M anpow er R equirem ents in Occupations fo r W hich Vocational E ducation P repares W orkers, July 1969,13 pp.

This pamphlet summarizes estimates of the number of workers who 

will be needed annually through the mid-1970,s to meet manpower requirements in a large number of occupations for which vocational education curricula have been developed. It is designed for use in evaluating 

at the national level the adequacy of present vocational education programs in meeting manpower needs.

Ph.D . S cien tists and E ngineers in P riva te Industry, a report is in process.

This study presents information on the factors underlying the requirements for Ph.D. scientists and engineers in private industry who have 

doctoral degrees. It includes information on recruitment of these workers and on supply-demand conditions in the mid-1960,s. Projections of 

manpower requirements are made that relate to the Bureau’s economic 

model of total industry and occupational manpower requirements. Conducted with the financial support of the National Science Foundation 

(NSF), the study was designed to aid in making recommendations regarding the scope of future NSF programs of support for graduate education in the sciences.

R equirem ents for P ilots and M echanics in C ivil A viation, 1966-77.

To be published jointly by the Bureau and the Manpower Administration 

in 1970.

A comprehensive study designed to appraise current and future aviation manpower requirements and resources. Present estimates of future 

requirements for pilots and mechanics in each of the principal sectors of 

civil aviation. The study was conducted at the request and with the support of the Federal Aviation Administration and the U.S. Department of 

Defense.

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APPENDIX D. TABLES AND MATRICES

TABLE D-1. INDUSTRIAL COMPOSITION OF TOTAL FINAL DEMAND1 1958, 1962, 1965 AND PROJECTED 1980'S

Industry number and title 2 19583 1962 1965

1980 3 percent

basic

model4

1980 3 percent

high

durable 4

1980 4 percent

basic

model4

1980 4 percent

high

durable 4

1. LIVESTOCK ANO LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS................................. 2,757 2,628 1,697 2,688 2,600 2,665 2,578 2. OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS .......................................... 5,770 4,850 5,959 9,927 9,773 9,842 9,689 3. FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS • ................................. 193 248 250 367 442 363 458 4. AGRICULTURAL,FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES. . . 0 -28 122 -208 -191 -206 -189 5. IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING ................................. 18 65 139 235 237 233 235 6. NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING................................ 164 293 325 470 404 467 401 7. COAL MINING .............................................................................. 632 530 669 961 909 953 901

8. CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS....................... -ll 41 60 76 78 76 77 9. STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING . ................... 42 52 101 157 165 156 164 10. CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING................... 78 74 112 215 20Q 214 207 11. NEW CONSTRUCTION..................................................................... 52,416 58,173 64,167 118,400 123,000 117,216 121,949 12. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION ........................ 4,420 5,075 5,640 10,402 10,261 10,298 10,173 13. ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES.................................................. 3,592 4, 167 4,395 6,639 9,647 6,588 9,565 14. FOOD ANO KINDRED PRODUCTS.............................................. 47,632 53,514 56,091 90,164 86,825 89,402 86,083

15. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES. .................................................. 4,660 5,343 5, 580 7,«58 7,734 7,891 7,668 16. BROAD AND NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . 879 1,229 1,490 2,167 2, 146 2,149 2,128 17. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . 813 1,123 1,441 3,058 3, 178 3,032 3,151 18. APPAREL ....................................................................................... 11,316 13,833 16,*06 26,884 26,032 26,658 25,810 19. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS . . . 1,222 1,467 1,904 3,172 3, 121 3,146 3,094 20. LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS. . . 322 380 575 1,061 1,086 1,052 1,077 21. WOODEN CONTAINERS ................................................................ -4 34 39 42 45 42 45

22. HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE . ....................................................... 2,634 2,933 3,689 7,676 7,963 7,611 7,895 23. OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES.......................................... 1,098 1,491 1,918 3,978 3,968 3,946 3,934 24. PAPER AND ALLIED PROOUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . 1, 185 1,560 1,927 4,762 4,620 4,72? 4,581 25. PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS ANO BOXES ................................. 61 186 128 275 266 273 264 26. PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ................................................... 2,814 3,580 4, 117 8,230 7,992 8,161 7,924 27. CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS. . . . 1,931 2,305 2,648 6,688 6,457 6,633 6,402 28. PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS................................. 318 650 945 1,930 1,932 1,914 1,915

29. DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS. .... 4,419 5,591 6,789 16,297 15,508 16,162 15,375 30. PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.............................................. 44 64 79 152 160 151 159 31. PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES . . . 8,855 10,379 11,875 19,499 18,808 19,336 18,647 32. RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS. . . 1,745 2,270 2,704 5,800 5, 819 5,751 5,760 33. LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . . 25 28 48 66 68 66 67 34. FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ........................ 2,705 2,803 3, 126 3,744 3, 626 3,714 3,595 35. GLASS AND GLASS PROOUCTS................................................... 197 242 345 626 640 621 635

36. STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS . . .......................................... 351 392 518 1,008 1,010 999 1,001 37. PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING........................ 513 454 l, 282 1.782 1,812 1,768 1,797 38. PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING .... 649 557 891 1,658 1,720 1,645 1,705 39. METAL CONTAINERS..................................................................... 67 59 165 225 241 224 239 40. HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. , . 951 1,184 1,759 2,507 2,703 2,488 2,680 41. STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS. . . 309 390 634 1,217 1,194 1,206 1,184 42. OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS ................................. 926 1,239 1,520 2,883 2,853 2,860 2,829

43. ENGINES ANO TURBINES............................................................ l, 144 1,177 1,571 3,166 3,372 3,14? 3,343 44. FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.......................................... 1,878 1,928 2, 593 4,498 4,686 4,464 4,646 45. CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . • . 2,060 2,341 3,246 5.645 5,934 5,601 5,883 46. MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY ANO EQUIPMENT. . . 593 716 521 1,763 1,868 1,750 1,85?

47. METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT........................ 1,662 2,203 2,867 4,336 4,742 4,302 4,701 48. SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . . 1,813 2,534 3,276 5,474 5,860 5.432 5,810 49. GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY ANO EQUIPMENT. . . 1,453 1,788 2, 228 3,872 4,313 3,842 4,276

50. MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS....................................................... 84 145 164 330 309 328 306 51. OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES. . . . 1, 371 2,319 3,665 15,996 17,694 15,873 17,543 52. SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES .............................................. 1,395 1,840 2,526 5,146 5,598 5,105 5,550 53. ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . . 2, 136 2,590 3,377 5,977 6,705 5,931 6,648 54. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES.............................................. 2,780 3,239 4,246 9,297 9,747 9,219 9,664 55. ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT................... 470 551 759 1,580 1,613 1,568 1,599 56. RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . • • 4, 335 7, 794 9,770 24,499 27,372 24,303 27,138

57. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ................... # # 593 1,074 1, 382 3,069 3,727 3,044 3,695 58. MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT . 536 670 891 2,034 2,056 2,018 2,038 59. MOTOR VEHICLES ANO EQUIPMENT................................ .... . 14,093 22,200 33, 160 53,217 55, 315 52,783 54,842 60. AIRCRAFT AND PARTS................................................................. 8,729 10,625 10,489 15,214 20,660 15,097 20,483 61. OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT..................................... 2,820 3,501 5,096 8,803 9,885 8,735 9,800 62. SCIENTIFIC ANO CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS................... 1,800 2,542 2,786 5,928 6,650 5,881 6,593 63. OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . • • 909 1, 181 1,934 6,775 7,004 6,721 6,944

64. MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING ......................................... 3,184 4,008 5.213 11,966 11,941 11,867 11,839 65. TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING............................ .... . 13,463 15,853 18,692 36,217 36,207 35,916 35,898 66. COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING............................ 4,694 6,086 7,801 20,090 19,517 19,924 19,350 67. RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING ............................ 9 23 37 113 113 112 112 68. ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES. . . . 8,928 11,017 12,966 25,896 24,671 25.678 24,460 69. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE.............................................. 67,627 79,848 95,853 176,476 176,253 175,001 174,745 70. FINANCE AND INSURANCE.............................................. . . 12,028 13,872 16,967 33,228 32,018 32,948 31,744

71. REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL.............................................. 41,771 50,160 58,4-40 138,351 134,435 137,178 133,286 72. HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES, EXCEPT AUTO . . 9,788 11,229 12,823 25,246 24,006 25,033 23,801 73. BUSINESS SERVICES ................................................................. 3, 184 4,356 4,384 9,130 8,984 9,054 8,907 74. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT................................................... 372 361 436 938 1,171 931 1,161 75. AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES..................................... 4,599 5,061 5,588 10,459 9,992 10,371 9,907 76. AMUSEMENTS.................................................................................. 3,517 3,804 4,095 7,276 6,834 7,215 6,776 77. MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS • • 21,419 24,883 29,728 67,033 63,928 66,472 63,382

78. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES..................................... 816 977 1,095 2,563 2,377 2,542 2,357 79. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES................... 434 626 795 1,939 1,695 1,923 1,681 80. GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS ANO SERVICES ....................... . . -14,483 -17,574 -23,772 -52,084 -52,088 -51,628 -51,638 81. BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT AND GIFTS .... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

82. OFFICE SUPPLIES ..................................................................... 206 331 307 1,146 924 1,136 916 83. SCRAP,USED AND SECONDHAND GOODS ................................. -374 249 844 1,481 1,590 1,466 1,602 84. GOVERNMENT INDUSTRY ............................................................ 39,029 43,383 47,666 69,990 68,430 69,290 67,843

85. REST OF THE WORD INDUSTRY .............................................. 2,560 3,525 5,458 11,473 11,473 11,358 11,357 86. HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY....................................................... .... . 3,503 3,323 3, 190 3,616 3,338 3.586 3,29«

87. INVENTORY VALUATION ADJUSTMENT..................................... -311 269 -2. 123 0 0 0 0

TOTAL ............................................................................................ 447,325 530,076 617,799 1,165,000 1,170,000 1,155,000 1,160,000

See footnotes on p. 129.

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TABLE D-2. INDUSTRIAL COMPOSITION OF TOTAL FINAL DEMAND1 1958, 1962, 1965 AND PROJECTED 1980'S

(Percent distribution)

Industry number and title 2 1958 1962 1965

1980 3 percent

basic

model 3

1980 3 percent

high

durable 3

1980 4 percent

basic

model 3

1980 4 percent

high

durable 3

1. LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS................................. .62 .50 .27 .23 .22 .23 .22 2. OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS . . ................................. 1.29 .91 .96 .85 .84 .85 .84 3. FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS ..................................... .04 .05 .04 .03 .04 .03 .04 4. AGRICULTURAL,FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES. . . .00 * .02 -.02 -.02 -.02 -.02 5. IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING ................................. * .01 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 6. NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING.......................................... .04 .06 .05 .04 .03 .04 .03 7. COAL MINING .............................................................................. . 14 .10 .11 .08 .08 .08 .08 8. CRUOE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ................................. * * * * * *

9. STONE ANO CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING ........................ * * .02 .01 .01 .01 .01 10. CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING................... .02 .01 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 11. NEW CONSTRUCTION..................................................................... 11.72 10.97 10.39 10.16 10.51 1C.15 10.51 12. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION ....................... .99 .96 .91 .89 .88 . 80 .88 13. ORONANCE AND ACCESSORIES............................ .... .80 .79 .71 .57 .82 .57 .82 14. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS............................................. 10.65 10.10 9.08 7.74 7.42 7.74 7.42 15. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES............................................................ 1.04 1.01 .90 .68 .66 .68 .66 16. 8R0AD AND NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . .20 .23 .24 . 19 . 18 .19 .18 17. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . .18 .21 .23 .26 .27 .26 .27 18. APPAREL ........................................................................................ 2.53 2.61 2.67 2.31 2.22 2.31 2.23 19. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS . . . .27 .28 .31 .27 .27 .27 .27 20. LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS. . . .07 .07 .09 .09 .09 .09 .09 21. WOODEN CONTAINERS ........................................................ . . * * * * * * *

22. HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ................... . ................................. .59 .55 .60 .66 . 68 .66 .68 23. OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES.......................................... .25 .23 .31 .34 .34 .34 .34 24. PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS, EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . .26 .29 .31 .41 .39 .41 .39 25. PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES ................................. .01 .04 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 26. PRINTING ANO PUBLISHING ................................................... .63 .68 .67 .71 .68 .71 .68 27. CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS. . . . .43 .43 .43 .57 .55 .57 .55 28. PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS................................. .07 .12 . 15 .17 .17 .17 .17 29. DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS................... .99 1.05 1.10 1.40 1.33 1.40 1.33 30. PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.............................................. * .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 31. PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES . . . 1.98 1.96 1.92 1.67 1.61 1.67 1.61 32. RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS. . . .39 .43 .44 .50 .50 .50 .50 33. LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . . * * * * * * *

34. FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ........................ .60 .53 .51 .32 .31 .32 .31 35. GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS................................................... .04 .05 .06 .05 .05 .05 .05 36. STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS.............................................. .... .08 .07 .08 .09 .09 .09 .09 37. PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING. ..... .11 .0° .21 . 15 .15 .1" .15 38. PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING .... .15 .11 .14 .14 .15 .14 .15 39. METAL CONTAINERS. . ............................................................ .01 .01 .03 .02 .02 .02 .02 40. HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . . .21 .22 .28 .22 .23 .22 .23 41. STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS ANO BOLTS. . . .07 .07 .10 . 10 .10 .10 .10 42. OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS ............................ . .21 .23 .25 .25 .24 .25 .24 43. ENGINES AND TUR8INES............................................................ .26 .22 .25 .27 .29 .27 .29 44. FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.......................................... .42 .36 .42 .39 .40 .39 ..40 45. CONSTRUCTION,MINING ANO OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . . .46 .44 .53 .48 .51 .48 .51 46. MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . .13 .14 .15 .15 .16 .15 .16 47. METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. ................... .37 .42 .46 .37 .41 .37 .41 48. S®ECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . . .41 • 48 .53 .47 .50 .47 .50 49. GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . .32 .34 .36 .33 .37 .33 .37 50. MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ....................................................... .02 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 51. OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES. . . . .31 .44 .59 1.37 1.51 1.37 1.51 52. SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES .............................................. .31 .35 .41 .44 .48 .44 .48 53. ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . . .48 .49 .55 .51 .57 .51 .57 54. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES. .... ..................................... .62 .61 .69 .80 .83 .80 .83 55. ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT................... .11 .10 .12 . 14 .14 .14 .14 56. RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . . . .97 1.47 1.58 2. 10 2.34 2.10 2.34 57. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ................... . . .13 .20 .22 .26 .32 .26 .32 58. MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . .12 . 13 .14 .17 .18 .17 .18 59. MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT.......................................... 3.15 4.19 5.37 4.57 4.73 4.57 4.73 60. AIRCRAFT ANO PARTS................................................................. 1.95 2.00 1.70 1.31 1.77 1.31 1.77 61. OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT..................................... .63 .66 .82 .76 .84 .76 .84 62. SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS. .... .40 .48 .45 .51 . 57 .51 .57 63. OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . . . .20 .22 .31 .58 .60 .58 .60 64. MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING ......................................... .71 .76 .84 1.03 1.02 1.03 1.02 65. TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING............................ .... . 3.01 2.99 3.03 3.11 3.09 3.11 3.09 66. COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING............................ 1.05 1.15 1.26 1.72 1.67 l ,73 1.67 67. RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING ............................ * * * * * * * 68. ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES. . . . 2.00 2.08 2. 10 2.22 2. 11 2.22 2.11 69. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE.............................................. 15.12 15.06 15.52 15. 15 15.06 15.15 15.06 70. FINANCE AND INSURANCE ................... . ............................ 2.69 2.62 2.75 2.85 2.74 2.85 2.74 71. REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL....................................................... 9.34 9.46 9.46 11.88 11.49 11.88 11.49 72. HOTELS,PERSONAL ANO REPAIR SERVICES,EXCEPT AUTO . . 2.19 2.12 2.08 2.17 2.05 2.17 2.05 73. BUSINESS SERVICES ................................................................. .^1 .82 .71 .78 .77 .78 .77 74. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT................................................... .08 .07 .07 .08 .10 .08 .10 75. AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES..................................... 1.03 .95 .90 .90 .85 .90 .85 76. AMUSEMENTS.............................................. .................................... .79 .72 .66 .62 .58 .62 .58 77. MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS . . 4.79 4.69 4.81 5.75 5.46 5.76 5.46 78. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES..................................... .18 .18 .18 .22 .20 .22 • 20 79. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES. .... .10 .12 .13 . 17 .14 .17 .14 80. GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES ........................ -3.24 -3.32 -3.85 -4.47 -4.45 -4.47 -4,45 81. BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT AND GIFTS .... .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 82. OFFICE SUPPLIES ..................................................................... .05 .06 .05 .10 .08 .10 .08 83. SCRAP,USED AND SECONDHAND GOOOS ................................. -.08 .05 .14 . 13 . 14 .13 .14 84. GOVERNMENT INDUSTRY ............................................................ 8.73 8.18 7.72 6.01 5.85 6.00 5.85 85. REST OF THE WORD INDUSTRY .............................................. .57 .66 .88 .98 .98 .98 .98 86. HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY................................................................ .78 .63 .52 .31 .29 .31 .28 87. INVENTORY VALUATION ADJUSTMENT..................................... -.07 .05 -.34 .00 .00 .00 .00

TOTAL4..................................................................... .... 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

See footnotes on p, 129.

90

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-3. INDUSTRIAL COMPOSITION OF PERSONAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES 1958, 1962, 1965 AND PROJECTED 1980'S

(Millions of 1958 dollars)

Industry number and title 1 1958 2 1962 1965

1980

3 percent

basic

model 3

1980

3 percent

high

durable 3

1980

4 percent

basic

model 3

1980

4 percent

high

durable 3

l . LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS.................................................. 2, UO 1,883 1 , 8 2 0 2,2^4 2,198 2,255 2,179

2 . OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ............................................................. 2,428 2,297 2,436 3,889 3, 784 3 ,«56 3 ,722

3 . FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS ........................................................ 281 301 336 557 537 552 532

4 . AGRICULTURAL,FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES. . . . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5. IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

6 . NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 n

7 . COAL MINING ......................................................................................................... 261 186 246 102 99 101 98

8 . CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

9 . STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING ....................................... 17 21 22 48 47 48 47

10. CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING.................................. 1 2 0 0 0 0 0

11. NEW CONSTRUCTION............................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 n

1 2 . MAINTENANCE ANO REPAIR CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

13. ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES........................................................................ 158 201 248 620 619 615 616

14. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS ............................ . . . . . . . 45,376 50,547 52,832 83,169 80,227 82,447 79,54?

1 5 . TOBACCO MANUFACTURES................................................................................... 4,249 4,847 5,113 7,273 7,045 7,212 6,988

1 6 . BROAD AND NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . 696 825 1,034 1,662 1,633 1,648 1,619

1 7 . MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . 743 909 1,139 2,565 2,657 2,543 2,634

18. APPAREL................................................................................................... 11,033 12,719 15,353 25,065 24,306 24,834 24,099

1 9. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS ....................... 1,101 1,339 1,698 2,735 2,688 2,712 2,665

2 0 . LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS.EXCEPT CONTAINERS....................... 149 174 222 301 307 29? 306

21. WOODEN CONTAINERS ........................................................................................ 0 0 C 0 0 0 0

22. HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ................................................................................... 2,416 2,606 3,333 6,882 7,284 6,823 7,222

23. OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES............................................................. 129 158 205 376 391 373 338

24. PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . 848 1,039 1, 172 2,588 2,494 2,566 2,473

25. PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES ....................... . . . . . 38 45 50 109 105 108 104

26. PRINTING AND PUBLISHING . . . . .................................................. 2,444 2,991 3,372 6,065 6,042 6,014 5,991

2 7 . CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS............................ 213 259 270 599 591 594 586

28. PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS.................................................. 10 14 17 26 25 26 25

29. DRUGS.CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS. . . . . . . 3,704 4,669 5,602 13,857 13,380 13,740 13,265

3 0 . PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS................................................................... 18 22 24 5? e l 52 51

31. PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES ....................... 7,257 8,134 9,473 14,618 14,159 14,494 14,039

32. RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS....................... 1,308 1,731 2,022 6,263 4,357 4,227 4,330

3 3 . LEATHER TANNING ANO INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 4 . FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ....................................... 2,594 2,597 2,939 3,56? 3,453 3,533 3,423

3 5 . GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS............................ ..... ..................................... 130 147 183 312 324 309 322

36. STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS ........................................................................ 214 243 288 486 491 480 487

37. PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING....................................... 19 22 26 4? 41 42 41

38. PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING ............................ 11 13 17 33 34 33 34

3 9 . METAL CONTAINERS.............................................................................................. 0 0 C 0 0 0 c

4 0 . HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . . 70 84 99 207 218 205 216

41. STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PROOUCTS AND BOLTS....................... 249 267 332 563 585 558 581

42. OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS .................................................. 372 451 562 1,096 1,101 1,087 1,092

4 3 . FNGINES AND TURBINES................................................................................... 126 150 199 617 711 621 705

44. FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT............................................................. 8 1 1 14 25 26 25 26

4 5 . CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

46. MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT....................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 n

4 7 . METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . ............................ 31 39 50 63 65 62 66

48. SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY ANO EQUIPMENT............................ 19 24 31 57 60 57 60

4 9 . GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT....................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

50. MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 1 . OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES............................ 58 73 95 177 184 176 182

5 2 . SFRVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES .................................................................. 247 301 363 669 790 663 784

53. ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . . 15 18 22 45 45 45 45

54. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES.................................................................................. 2,371 2,853 3,718 8,479 8, 894 8,407 8,818

5 5 . ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT.................................. 313 388 468 838 831 831 823

56. RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . . . 1,353 1,826 3,015 9,008 9,783 9,021 9 ,69 °

57. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES .................................. 149 201 328 1,014 1,055 1,005 1,047

58. MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . 260 333 401 9 59 985 991 977

5 9 . MOTOR VEHICLES ANO EQUIPMENT............................................................. 9 , 1 9 8 13,222 19.577 31,394 33,465 31,129 33,179

60. AIRCRAFT ANO PARTS........................................................................................ 27 33 43 149 155 168 154

61. OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT........................................................ 725 979 1,641 2,715 3, 106 2,692 3,079

6 2 . SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS.................................. 349 496 574 1,056 1,081 1,047 1.072

63. OPTICAL.OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . . . 451 612 760 1,975 2, 008 1,988 1,901

6 4 . MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING ............................................................. 2 , 5 2 6 3,004 4,061 9 t 208 9,46 4 9, 220 9,383

65. TRANSPORTATION ANO WAREHOUSING....................................................... 8, 568 9,058 11,726 22,238 21,614 22,050 21,431

66. COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING............................ 3,908 4,918 6, 285 16,822 16,106 16,383 15,968

67. RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING ............................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

68. ElECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES............................ 8,058 10,023 11,685 22,801 22,042 22,609 21,854

6 9 . WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE................................................................... 6 1 , 4 9 3 7 1 , 3 3 6 8 5 , 2 5 6 153,969 154,026 152,669 152,707

7 0 . FINANCE AND INSURANCE .................................. . . . . . . . . 11,813 13,604 1 6 , 6 7 6 31 , 9 9 7 3 0 , 9 7 7 3 1 , 7 2 7 30,712

7 1 . REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL............................................................................. 39,946 47,587 56,196 1 3 0 , 8 7 4 1? R , 876 129,769 127,773

7 2 . HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES,EXCEPT AUTO . . 9 , 263 1 0 , 7 4 7 1 2 , 1 7 8 2 3 , 6 8 1 22,664 23,681 22,671

7 3 . BUSINESS SERVICES ......................................................................................... 1,888 2,26 3 2, 533 3,878 3, 759 3,845 3,727

74. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

75. AUTOMOBILE REPAIR ANO SERVICES........................................................ 4, 386 4,818 5,378 9,622 9,323 9,541 9,243

7 6 . AMUSEMENTS............................ ................................................................................. 3 , 186 3 , 5 0 1 3,502 6,64? 6,162 6,586 6,110

77. MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS . . 20,445 23,944 28,302 62,542 60,256 62,014 59,741

78. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES........................................................ 632 747 831 1,692 1,634 1,679 1,620

7 9 . STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES.................................. 312 405 512 1,158 1,124 1,148 1,114

80. GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS ANO SERVICES ....................................... 3,855 5,209 6,044 12,519 12,166 12,413 12,060

81. BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT ANO GIFTS ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 2 . OFFICE SUPPLIES .............................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

83. SCRAP,USED AND SECONDHAND GOODS .................................................. -55 -44 -60 -30 -21 -30 -24

84. GOVERNMENT INDUSTRY ................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

85. REST OF THE WORD INDUSTRY ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

86. HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY........................................................................................ 3,502 3,322 3,189 3,613 3,335 3,583 3,295

8 7 . INVENTORY VALUATION ADJUSTMENT........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

T O T A L ........................................................................................................................ 290,063 338,644 397,699 758,300 748,000 751,900 741,600

See footnotes on p. 129.

91

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-4. INDUSTRIAL COMPOSITION OF GROSS PRIVATE DOMESTIC INVESTMENT1 1958, 1962, 1965 AND PROJECTED 1980'S

(Millions of 1958 dollars)

Industry number and title 2 1958 1 9 6 2 1965

1 9 8 0

3 percent

basic

model 3

1 9 8 0

3 percent

high

durable 3

1 9 8 0

4 percent

basic

model 3

1 9 8 0

4 percent

high

durable 3

1 . LIVESTOCK ANO LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS....................................... 601 698 - 2 0 0 260 262 258 260

2 . OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ............................ . . . . 428 -144 528 735 738 729 732

3 . FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS . . . ............................ 19 16 54 74 75 73 74

A. AGRICULTURAL.FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES. • . 2 0 14 54 13 15 13 15

5 . IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING ....................................... -23 - 5 35 53 55 53 55

6 . NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING.................................................. -32 4 18 3? 35 32 35

7 . COAL MINING . . ................................................................................... - 2 2 -17 7 9 10 9 1 0

8 . CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ....................................... -40 21 38 53 55 53 54

9 . STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING . . . . . . 4 8 39 60 63 60 63

1 0 . CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING....................... - l 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 1 . NEW CONSTRUCTION................................................................................... 36,957 41,236 45,291 74,996 84,896 74,246 84,170

1 2 . MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 3 . ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES.............................................................. 84 0 82 1 0 1 n o 1 0 0 109

1A. F000 AND KINDRED PRODUCTS ........................................................ 248 494 168 199 2 0 1 107 199

1 5 . TOBACCO MANUFACTURES........................................................................ -26 16 Q 12 14 12 14

1 6 . BROAD AND NARROW FABRICSt YARN AND THREAO MILLS. . . -1 0 4 148 150 172 175 m 174

1 7 . MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS • . 18 137 2 0 0 339 365 336 362

1 8 . APPAREL ......................................................................................................... - 1 2 3 629 630 735 737 729 732

1 9 . MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS . . . - l 27 35 45 48 45 48

2 0 . LUM8 ER AND WOOD PRODUCTS, EXCEPT CONTAINERS. . . 6 8 62 113 130 133 129 132

2 1 . WOODEN CONTAINERS .............................................................................. - 9 18 2 0 18 2 0 18 2 0

2 2 . HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ........................................................................ 1 2 0 177 223 354 309 351 306

2 3 . OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES.................................................. 799 1,025 1,346 2,585 2,74» 2,565 2,725

2A. PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . - 3 6 8 130 204 205 2 0 2 203

2 5 . PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES ....................................... - 1 30 48 98 1 0 0 97 9 0

2 6 . PRINTING ANO PUBL IS HING............................ ............................ l l 70 96 127 129 126 128

2 7 . CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS. . . . -24 69 237 393 360 355 357

2 8 . PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS....................................... -44 91 175 279 280 277 277

2 9 . DRUGS,CLEANING ANO TOILET PREPARATIONS....................... 56 142 244 408 410 405 406

3 0 . PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS........................................................ - 4 2 13 15 19 15 19

3 1 . PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES . . • -136 157 153 214 216 2 1 2 214

3 2 . RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS ®LASTICS PRODUCTS. . . 2 0 85 165 264 267 262 265

3 3 . LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PROOUCTS . . -3 -4 14 12 14 12 13

3 4 . FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ............................ 37 1 0 2 1 2 1 116 117 115 116

3 5 . GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS.............................................................. - 5 14 47 6 6 6 8 6 6 67

3 6 . STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS ............................................................. 28 32 57 77 79 76 78

3 7 . PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING............................ -160 - 1 0 2 553 621 640 616 635

3 8 . PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING . . . . - 1 0 99 308 483 486 479 482

3 9 . METAL CONTAINERS................................................................................... 23 16 142 176 189 175 187

4 0 . HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PROOUCTS. . . 639 545 1,130 1,501 1,616 1.490 1,602

4 1 . STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS. . . - 6 7 5 59 71 75 70 74

4 2 . OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS . . . ....................... 118 268 451 654 720 649 714

4 3 . ENGINES AND TURBINES........................................................................ 516 524 647 055 1,032 948 1,023

4 4 . FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.................................................. 1,648 1,648 2,204 3,453 3,660 3,427 3,628

4 5 . CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . . 1,246 1,310 2 , 1 0 0 3,319 3, 595 3,294 3,565

4 6 . MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . 328 416 702 1,135 1,260 1,126 1,249

4 7 . METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT............................. 1 , 0 2 2 1,402 2,238 3,193 3, 590 3,169 3 ,55 °

4 8 . SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY ANO EQUIPMENT. . . . 1,361 N 1,860 2,525 3,687 4,114 3,659 4,078

4 9 . GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . 970 1,209 1,737 2,758 3, 165 2,737 3,138

5 0 . MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ................................................................... - 1 0 39 47 69 70 6 8 69

5 1 . OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES. . . . 1 , 0 0 1 1,498 2,496 12,181 13,408 12,089 13,293

5 2 . SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES ........................................................ 919 1,288 1,761 3,335 3, 700 3,310 3,668

5 3 . ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . . 1,434 1,973 2,526 4,299 *,740 4.266 4,700

5 4 . HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES........................................................................ 29 174 252 417 456 414 452

5 5 . ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT....................... - 4 56 133 300 335 29 8 332

5 6 . RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . • • 938 1,805 2,007 7,561 7,500 7,504 7,536

5 7 . ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS ANO ACCESSORIES .......................

# # - 2 1 2 0 2 391 754 797 748 790

5 8 . MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. • 59 150 180 366 410 363 406

5 9 . MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT.................................................. 3,046 6,657 10,813 15,540 15,606 15,423 15,473

6 0 . AIRCRAFT AND PARTS. . . . . . . ....................... . . . 96 1,068 1,289 3,231 3.475 3.207 3,445

6 1 . OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT............................................. 1,103 1,309 2, 185 4,424 * , * 0 0 4, 3«1 4,362

6 2 . SCIENTIFIC ANO CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS....................... 524 776 1,099 2,126 2,380 2 , 1 1 0 2,360

6 3 . OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC ANO PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . • • 168 267 662 3,687 3,840 3,659 3,807

6 4 . MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING .................................................. 313 485 523 849 870 843 863

6 5 . TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING............................................. 661 783 1,353 2,911 3,180 2, 889 3,153

6 6 . COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING.................................. 36 2 469 690 1,460 1,610 1,449 1,596

6 7 . RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

6 8 . ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES. . . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

6 9 . WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE........................................................ 3, 816 5,213 6,910 14,333 14,004 14,225 13,884

7 0 . FINANCE AND INSURANCE ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 1 . REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL. . . .................................................. 1,209 1 , 1 0 0 l, 124 4, 104 2,604 4,063 2,582

7 2 . HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES, EXCEPT AUTO . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 3 . BUSINESS SERVICES .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 4 . RESEARCH ANO DEVELOPMENT............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 5 . AUTOMOBILE REPAIR ANO SERVICES............................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 6 . AMUSEMENTS.................................................................................................... 2 2 15 67 84 85 83 84

7 7 . MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS • • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 8 . FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES............................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 9 . STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES....................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 0 . GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES ............................ 24 - 1 1 2 43 50 60 50 60

8 1 . BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT ANO GIFTS . . . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 2 . OFFICE S U P P L I E S ........................................................................ ..... . 0 0 0 0 c 0 0

8 3 . SCRAP,USED AND SECONDHAND GOODS ....................................... -1 ,0 2 8 -701 -354 - 1 , 0 0 0 -900 -990 -8 80

8 4 . GOVERNMENT INDUSTRY ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 5 . REST OF THE WORO INDUSTRY ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 n

8 6 . HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY.............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 7 . INVENTORY VALUATION ADJUSTMENT............................................. -311 269 -2 ,1 2 3 0 0 0 0

TOTAL ............................................................................................................... 60,901 79,405 99,200 186,300 2 0 0 , 2 0 0 184,700 198,500

See footnotes on p. 129.

9 2

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-5. INDUSTRIAL COMPOSITION OF PRODUCER'S DURABLE EQUIPMENT 1 1958, 1962, 1965 AND PROJECTED 1980'S

(Millions of 1958 dollars)

Industry number and title 2 1958 1962 1965

1980

3 percent

basic

model 3

1980

3 percent

high

durable 3

1980

4 percent

basic

model 3

1980

4 percent

high

durable 3

1 . LIVESTOCK ANO LIVESTOCK PROOUCTS.................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 C

2 . OTHER AGRICULTURAL PROOUCTS ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 . FORESTRY ANO FISHERY PROOUCTS ........................................................ 0 0 0 6 0 0 0

4 . AGRICULTURAL,FORESTRY ANO FISHERY SERVICES....................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 . IRON ANO FERROALLOY ORES MINING .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

6 . NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 . COAL MINING ......................................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 . CRUDE PETROLEUM ANO NATURAL GAS .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

9 . STONE ANO CLAY MINING ANO QUARRYING ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 0 . CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING.................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 1 . NEW CONSTRUCTION.............................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 2 . MAINTENANCE ANO REPAIR CONSTRUCTION ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 3 . ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 4. FOOD ANO KINDRED PROOUCTS ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 5 . TOBACCO MANUFACTURES................................................................................... 0 0 n 0 0 0 o

1 6 . BROAD ANO NARROW FABRICS,YARN ANO THREAO MILLS. . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 7 . MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . 45 64 62 167 190 166 188

1 8 . APPAREL .................................................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 9 . MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PROOUCTS ....................... 0 0 n 0 0 0 0

2 0 . LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS....................... 6 6 6 5 5 5 5

2 1 . WOODEN CONTAINERS ....................................... . ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 2 . HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ................................................................................... 126 142 165 280 230 278 228

2 3 . OTHER FURNITURE ANO FIXTURES............................................................. 798 1,020 1, 304 2 ,54 7 2,703 2,525 2,680

2 4 . PAPER ANO ALLIED PROOUCTS, EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 5 . PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 o

2 6 . PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 7 . CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 8 . PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS.................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 9 . DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS.................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 0 . PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 1 . PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES ....................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 2 . RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PROOUCTS...................... 52 14 22 34 35 34 35

3 3 . LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PROOUCTS . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 4 . POOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ....................................... 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 5 . GLASS AND GLASS PROOUCTS........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 6 . STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 7 . PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 8 . PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 9 . METAL CONTAINERS.............................................................................................. 10 11 38 58 66 58 65

4 0 . HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . . 708 560 902 1,1«0 1,300 1,180 1,289

4 1 . STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS....................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 2 . OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS .................................................. 166 169 235 384 440 381 436

4 3 . ENGINES AND TURBINES.................................................................................. 576 474 534 818 887 911 879

4 4 . FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,670 1,532 2,035 3,301 3,500 3,273 3,470

4 5 . CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . . 1,319 1,272 2,018 3,250 3,520 3,222 3,490

4 6 . MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY ANO EQUIPMENT....................... 352 434 681 1,120 1,240 1,110 1,229

4 7 . METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT....................................... l , 153 1,328 2,034 3,050 3,440 3,024 3,411

4 8 . SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT............................ 1,468 1,848 2,397 3,580 4,000 3,550 3,966

4 9 . GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT....................... 1,051 1,141 1, 538 2,550 2,950 2,528 2,925

5 0 . MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 1 . OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES............................ 1,016 1,430 2,290 11,710 12,500 11,610 12,393

5 2 . SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES ................................................................... 955 1.243 1,635 3,199 3,400 3.1T2 3,371

5 3 . ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . . 1,617 1,918 2,355 4,100 4,500 4,065 4,462

5 4 . HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES................................................................................... 93 101 149 284 320 282 317

5 5 . ELECTRIC LIGHTING ANO WIRING EQUIPMENT.................................. 25 39 86 209 240 207 238

5 6 . RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . . . 1,009 1,634 1,721 7,190 7,210 7,119 7,148

5 7 . ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ....................... . . 27 52 136 380 420 377 416

5 8 . MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . 83 125 142 309 350 306 347

5 9 . MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT............................................................. 3 , 575 5,917 8,600 13,462 13,400 13,347 13,286

6 0 . AIRCRAFT AND PARTS....................................................................................... 358 883 1,119 3,069 3,310 3,043 3,282

6 1 . OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT........................................................ 1,178 1 ,167 1, 898 4,127 4,100 4,092 4,065

6 2 . SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS.................................. 532 704 958 1,952 2,200 1,935 2,181

6 3 . OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . . . 163 252 592 3,600 3,750 3,569 3,718

6 4 . MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING ............................................................. 279 381 406 680 700 674 694

6 5 . TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING........................................................ 507 640 845 2 ,232 2,500 2, 213 2,479

6 6 . COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING............................................. 362 469 680 1,460 1,610 1,448 1,596

6 7 . RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 n

6 8 . ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

6 9 . WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE................................................................... 3,747 4,742 5, 927 12,763 12,424 12,654 12,318

7 0 . FINANCE ANO INSURANCE .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 °

7 1 . REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL.............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 2 . HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES,EXCEPT AUTO . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 3 . BUSINESS SERVICES ........................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 4 . RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 5 . AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 6 . AMUSEMENTS............................................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 7 . MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 8 . FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 9 . STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES............................ . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 0 . GPOSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND S E R V I C E S....................................... 16 21 42 50 60 50 60

8 1 . BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT AND GIFTS ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 2 . OFFICE SUPPLIES .............................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 3 . SCRAP,USEO AND SECONDHAND GOODS .................................................. -19 0 450 800 900 792 933

8 4 . GOVERNMENT INDUSTRY ................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 5 . REST OF THE WORD INDUSTRY ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 6 . HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY......................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 7 . INVENTORY VALUATION ADJUSTMENT........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOT A C , ......................................................................................................................... 25,028 31,733 4 * ,0 0 2 93,900 98,400 93,100 97,600

See footnotes on p. 129.

93

Digitized for FRASER 

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-6. INDUSTRIAL COMPOSITION OF NET EXPORTS1 1958, 1962, 1965 AND PROJECTED 1980'S

(Millions of 1958 dollars)

Industry number and title 2 1958 3 1962 1965

1980

3 percent

basic

model4

1980

3 percent

high

durable 4

1980

4 percent

basic

model4

1980

4 percent

high

durable 4

1. LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS. . .................................. 38 27 44 71 71 70 70

2 . OTHER AGRICULTURAL PROOUCTS ........................................................ 1,814 2,473 3,382 5,185 5, 185 5, 140 5,14 0

3 . FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS .................................................. 30 38 60 o 1 91 90 90

4 . AGRICULTURAL.FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES. . . . 3 6 13 13 13 13 13

5 . IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING ............................................. 41 70 104 182 182 180 180

6 . NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING........................................................ 4 6 30 26 26 26 26

7 . COAL MINING ................................................................................................... 332 239 328 541 541 536 536

8 . CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ............................................. 28 20 22 23 23 23 23

9 . STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING .................................. 23 29 51 91 91 90 90

1 0 . CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING............................ 55 64 99 173 173 172 172

1 1 . NEW CONSTRUCTION......................................................................................... 2 2 2 4 4 4 4

1 2 . MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION ............................ . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 3 . ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES................................................................... 17 135 185 535 535 530 530

1 4 . FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS ............................................................. 1*681 1,900 2,351 4,7?7 4,727 4,686 4,686

1 5 . TOBACCO MANUFACTURES.............................................................................. 437 480 457 666 666 660 660

1 6 . BROAD AND NARROW FABRICS » YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . 227 212 216 188 188 186 186

1 7 . MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . 46 66 90 136 136 135 135

1 8 . APPAREL . . . . . ................................................................................... 273 2 98 320 434 434 430 430

1 9 . MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS . . . . 19 23 72 142 142 141 141

2 0 . LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS.EXCEPT CONTAINERS. . . . 110 149 248 638 638 633 633

2 1 . WOODEN CONTAINERS ................................................................................... 3 3 2 4 4 4 4

2 2 . HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE . ........................................................................ 16 14 20 32 32 32 32

2 3 . OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES....................................................... 18 13 12 7 7 7 7

2 4 . PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . • 262 395 551 1,769 1,769 1,754 1,754

2 5 . PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES ............................................. 19 23 13 19 19 19 19

2 6 . PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ................................................................... 94 139 201 700 700 694 694

2 7 . CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS....................... 676 977 1, 237 3,165 3, 165 3,138 3,138

2 8 . PLASTICS ANO SYNTHETIC MATERIALS............................................. ■» 19 513 737 1,583 1,583 1,569 1,56°

2 9 . DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS............................

- 369 446 569 569 564 564

3 0 . PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS............................................................. 27 27 32 66 66 65 65

3 1 . PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES . . . . 657 627 777 1,088 1,088 1,079 1,079

3 2 . RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS. . . . 212 255 320 59? 592 587 587

3 3 . LEATHER TANNING ANO INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . . 28 32 34 53 53 53 53

3 4 . FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ................................. 49 33 23 30 30 30 30

3 5 . GLASS ANO GLASS PRODUCTS.................................................................. 69 81 115 248 248 246 246

3 6 . STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS ................................................................... 100 108 163 409 409 405 40c

3 7 . PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING.................................. 535 416 590 915 915 907 907

3 8 . PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING ....................... 305 399 500 952 952 944 0 4 4

3 9 . METAL CONTAINERS......................................................................................... 26 23 13 25 25 25 25

4 0 . HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . . 225 251 273 410 410 406 406

4 1 . STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS. . . . 28 35 143 335 335 332 332

4 2 . OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS ............................................. 258 262 331 563 563 558 558

4 3 . ENGINES AND TURBINES............................................................................. 211 277 495 1,180 1,180 1,170 1,170

4 4 . FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT........................................................ 188 228 341 858 858 851 851

4 5 . CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . . 709 872 1,053 2,048 2,0*8 2,030 2,039

4 6 . MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . . 76 36 108 204 204 202 202

4 7 . METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.................................. 331 524 416 708 708 702 702

4 8 . SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT....................... 370 555 612 1,450 1,450 1,433 1,438

4 9 . GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . . 275 333 401 RO0 800 793 793

5 0 . MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ........................................................................ 15 5 14 20 20 20 20

5 1 . OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES....................... 136 322 463 2,096 2,096 2,078 2 , C78

5 2 . SERVICE INOUSTRY MACHINES ............................................................. 135 179 272 873 873 865 865

5 3 . ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . . 281 344 462 1,115 1,115 1,105 1,105

5 4 . HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES. ....................................................... 208 194 256 346 346 34 3 343

5 5 . ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT............................ 64 75 124 399 399 39 6 396

5 6 . RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . . •

212 317 403 1,012 1,012 1,003 1,003

5 7 . ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ............................ 90 147 203 686 486 680 680

5 8 . MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . 71 77 146 361 361 358 358

5 9 . MOTOR VEHICLES ANO EQUIPMENT........................................................ 921 1,138 1,430 2,811 2,811 2,787 2,787

6 0 . AIRCRAFT AND PARTS................................................................................... 559 1,068 1,212 2,871 2,371 2,846 2,846

6 1 . OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.................................................. 299 191 2 74 2 Q0 290 288 288

6 2 . SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS............................ 133 336 358 1,287 1,237 1,276 1,276

6 3 . OPTICAL.OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . . •

107 150 250 6«5 695 689 689

6 4 . MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING . . . .................................. • 125 188 256 597 597 592 592

6 5 . TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING.................................................. 2, 393 2,87 2 3, 561 6,83 3 6,833 6,774 6,774

6 6 . COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING....................................... 65 82 111 151 151 150 150

6 7 . RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING ....................................... 9 20 34 113 113 112 112

6 8 . ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES....................... 36 35 34 72 ->z 71 71

6 9 . WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE............................................................. 1,500 1,9Q0 2,440 5,170 5, 170 5,126 5,126

7 0 . FINANCE AND INSURANCE ........................................................................ 23 28 36 129 129 128 128

7 1 . REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL. .................................. . . . . . . 271 429 437 977 977 069 96Q

7 2 . HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES, EXCEPT AUTO . . 192 202 287 431 431 427 427

7 3 . BUSINESS SERVICES ................................................................... . . . 249 330 418 776 776 769 769

7 4 . RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. ............................................................. 0 17 0 0 0 0 9

7 5 . AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES.................................................. 1 1 1 2 2 2 2

7 6 . AMUSEMENTS........................................................................................ 335 346 463 682 682 676 676

7 7 . MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS . •

9 10 14 26 26 26 26

7 8 . FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES.................................................. 61 76 92 170 170 169 169

7 9 . STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES............................ 3 - 1 3 7 7 7 7

8 0 . GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS ANO SERVICES .................................. . -2 1 , 082 -2 5 ,4 7 4 - 3 2 , 321 - 6 8 ,9 3 3 -6 8 ,9 3 3 -6 8,3 3 9 -6 8 ,3 3 9

8 1 . BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT AND GIFTS ....................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 2 . OFFICE SUPPLIES ......................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 3 . SCRAP,USED AND SECONDHAND GOODS . ....................................... 250 324 442 C 11 911 903 903

8 4 . GOVERNMENT INOUSTRY .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 5 . REST OF THE WORD INDUST RY............................................................ 2, 867 4,420 5,931 11,973 11,973 11,852 11,85?

8 6 . HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY................................................................................... 1 l l 3 3 3 3

8 7 . INVENTORY VALUATION ADJUSTMENT.................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL .................................................................................................................... 2,205 4,546 6,200 9,600 9,600 9,500 9,500

See footnotes on p. 130.

94

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-7. INDUSTRIAL COMPOSITION OF PURCHASES BY FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 1958, 1962, 1965 AND PROJECTED 1980'S

(Millions of 1958 dollars)

Industry number and title 1 1958 2 1962 1965

1980

3 percent

basic

model3

1980

3 percent

high

durable 3

1980

4 percent

basic

model 3

1980

4 percent

high

durable

l . LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS.................................................. - 3 5 6 18 13 18 13

2 . OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ............................................................. 1 , 0 7 3 205 -412 37 26 37 26

3 . FORESTRY AMD FISHERY PRODUCTS ........................................................ -137 -107 -200 -358 -244 -355 -241

4 . AGRICULTURAL,FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES....................... 45 38 74 233 164 231 163

5 . IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 n

6 . NONE EPROUS METAL ORES MINING............................................................. 192 283 277 412 343 409 340

7 . COAL MINING ......................................................................................................... 0 54 11 26 27 26 27

8 . CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS .................................................. 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

9 . STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING ....................................... 10 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 0 . CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING.................................. 11 2 2 0 0 0 0

11. NEW CONSTRUCTION.............................................................................................. 3 , 38 8 3,448 2,954 7,400 6,900 7, 326 6,841

1 2 . MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . 1,031 1,204 1,453 2,695 2,791 2,668 2,767

1 3 . ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES....................................................... ..... 3,329 3,824 3,873 5,354 8,358 5,314 8,287

14. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS .................................................................. 55 269 313 708 521 702 517

15. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES............................................................. 0 0 0 4 6 4 6

16. BROAD AND NARROW FABR ICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . 51 34 80 103 114 102 113

17. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . 5 10 10 12 14 12 14

18. APPAREL .................................................................................................................... 41 71 73 154 132 153 131

19. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS ....................... 103 77 98 247 240 245 237

2 0 . LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS....................... -6 -6 - 9 -14 2 -14 2

2 1 . WOOOEN CONTAINERS . . . . .................................................................. 2 12 17 17 18 17 18

22. HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ................................................................................... 25 42 12 10 11 10 11

2 3 . OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES............................................................ 26 69 63 194 152 192 151

24. PAPER AND ALLIED PROOUCTS, EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . 72 54 65 178 132 177 131

2 5 . PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES .................................................. 5 88 17 49 42 49 42

2 6 . PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ........................................................................ 92 176 105 204 191 202 189

27. CHEMICALS AND SFLECTEO CHEMICAL PRODUCTS............................ 824 678 608 1,119 1,156 1,111 1,146

28. PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS. . . . . ....................... 13 32 16 42 44 42 44

29. DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS.................................. 150 222 247 683 509 679 505

3 0 . PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.................................................................. 3 13 10 19 24 19 24

3 1 . PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES ...................... 745 912 948 1,049 1,289 1,042 1,278

32. RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS...................... 130 70 61 102 118 101 117

3 3 . LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . . 0 0 0 l l l 1

34. ROOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS . . . . . . . . 23 69 41 30 20 30 20

35. GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS........................................................................ 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

36. STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS ........................................................................ 5 3 4 12 9 12 9

37. PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING. . . . . . . . 118 114 112 198 210 197 208

38. PRIMARY NONFFRROUS MFTALS MANUFACTURING ............................ 343 46 66 190 248 189 245

39. METAL CONTAINERS.............................................................................................. 18 20 5 24 27 24 27

4 0 . HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . . 17 304 257 389 459 387 456

41. STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS....................... 94 79 90 225 179 223 177

4 2 . OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS .................................................. 132 194 95 317 262 315 26C

43. FNGINES AND TURBINES.................................................................................. 288 220 215 388 427 386 423

44. FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . 17 11 12 60 57 60 57

45. CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . . 84 143 63 183 212 183 210

4 6 . MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . . . 139 144 44 168 194 168 192

47. METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT....................................... 273 227 138 327 340 324 337

48. SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT............................ 33 35 34 60 55 60 55

49. GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . . . 203 237 77 282 320 280 317

50. MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS............................................................................. 44 51 42 61 71 61 70

51. OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES............................ 87 2 12 4 24 9 69 1 , 5 3 6 962 1,523

52. SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES .................................................................. 7 3 34 77 118 110 117 10°

53. ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . . 351 245 344 4 76 76° 473 762

54. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES................................................................................... 171 17 18 49 45 4 0 45

55. ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT................................. 89 19 20 1 12 1 12

5 6 . RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . . . 1,770 3,790 4,264 6,519 8,724 6,469 8,64°

57. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ................................. 375 524 460 615 1,189 611 1,178

58. MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . 113 62 105 184 165 183 163

59. MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT............................................................. 490 562 522 850 1,253 844 1,24?

60. AIRCRAFT AND PARTS........................................................................................ 8,047 8,456 7,945 8,963 14,159 8,896 14,038

6 1 . OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT....................................................... 655 943 1,009 1,052 1,825 1,045 1,809

62. SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS.................................. 658 815 565 976 1,506 969 1,493

63. OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . . . 168 123 235 326 386 324 383

64. MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING ............................................................. 41 57 47 117 104 116 103

6 5 . TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING....................................................... 1,439 1,834 1,482 2,265 2,965 2,249 2,939

66. COMMUNICAT IONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING............................................ 169 354 411 779 6 84 774 678

6 7 . RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING . . .................................. 0 3 3 0 0 0 0

68. ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES. . . . . . 348 486 592 763 707 758 701

69. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE............................................................. . 645 989 981 1,566 1,875 1,555 1,859

7 0 . FINANCE AND INSURANCE . . . ............................................................. 1 30 20 37 41 37 41

7 1 . REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL.............................................................................. 112 621 256 623 526 619 522

72. HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES,EXCEPT AUTO . . 246 297 306 829 660 823 654

73. BUSINESS SERVICES ........................................................................................ 49 2 1,019 691 1,279 1,329 1,270 1,813

74. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT........................................................................ 372 344 436 938 1,171 931 1,161

75. AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES........................................................ 129 108 87 226 167 224 166

7 6 . AMUSEMENTS............................................................................................................... 18 40 42 55 59 55 58

7 7 . MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL ANO NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS . . 654 697 1,056 3,442 2,806 3,417 2,782

7 8 . FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES....................................................... 56 49 61 260 211 258 2 OQ

79. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES.................................. 113 210 268 726 522 720 5 IP

8 0 . GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES ....................................... 2 , 7 17 2,799 2,461 4,260 4,604 4,228 4,564

81. BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT AND GIFTS ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

82. OFFICE SUPPLIES .............................................................................................. 74 111 80 235 176 233 174

8 3 . SCRAP,USEO AND SECONDHAND GOODS .................................................. 117 196 10 ICO 100 99 116

8 4 . GOVERNMENT INDUSTRY ................................................................................... 19,951 21,184 21,028 22,290 23,230 22,067 23,068

85. P F ST OF THE WORD INDUSTRY............................................................. ..... -307 -895 -473 -500 -500 -495 -495

8 6 . HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY........................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 7 . INVENTORY VALUATION ADJUSTMENT........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL ......................................................................................................................... 5 3 , 5 9 4 6 0 , 0 1 5 57,900 85,000 99,800 84,300 99,000

See footnotes on p. 130.

9 5

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-8. INDUSTRIAL COMPOSITION OF PURCHASES OF STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS 1958, 1962, 1965 AND PROJECTED 1980'S

(Millions of 1958 dollars)

Industry number and title 1 1958 1962 1965

1980

3 percent

basic

model 2

1980

3 percent

high 2 durable 2

1980

4 percent

basic 2

model

1980

4 percent

high

durable 2

1 . LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS....................................... 11 1" 18 65 56 64 56

2 . OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS .................................................. 27 19 25 81 70 80 69

3 . FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS ............................ . . . 0 0 0 3 3 3 3

A. AGRICULTURAL.FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES. . . - 6 8 -86 -19 -467 -383 -463 -380

5. IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 n

6 . NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING.................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 . COAL M I N I N G ............................................................................. 61 66 77 283 232 281 230

8 . CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS . . . ....................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

9 . STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING ............................ . • -12 -6 -11 -42 -36 -42 -3 6

1 0 . CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING....................... 12 6 11 42 36 ^2 35

1 1 . NEW CONSTRUCTION................................................................................... 1 2 , 0 6 9 1 3 , 4 8 7 1 5 , 9 2 0 36,000 31,200 35,640 30,936

1 2 . MAINTENANCE ANO REPAIR CONSTRUCTION . ....................... 3,339 3,871 4,187 7,707 7,470 7,630 7,406

1 3 . ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES............................................................. 4 7 7 29 25 29 25

1 4 . FOOD ANO KINDRED PRODUCTS ........................................................ 272 304 427 1 ,38 ! 1,149 1 , 3 7 0 1,139

1 5 . TOBACCO MANUFACTURES........................................................................ 0 0 1 3 3 3 3

1 6 . BROAD AND NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . 9 10 10 42 36 42 36

1 7 . MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . 1 1 2 6 6 6 6

1 8 . APPAREL ......................................................................................................... 92 116 130 516 423 512 418

1 9 . MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS . . . . . 0 1 l 3 3 3 3

2 0 . LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS. • . 1 1 1 6 6 6 6

2 1 . WOODEN CONTAINERS .............................................................................. 0 l 0 3 3 3 3

2 2 . HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ........................................................................ 57 94 101 39R 327 3Q5 324

2 3 . OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES.................................................. 126 226 292 816 670 80Q 664

2 4 . PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . 6 4 9 23 20 23 20

2 5 . PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES ........ 0 0 0 0 0 0 n

2 6 . PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ............................................................. 173 204 343 1,134 930 1,125 922

2 7 . CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS. . . . 242 322 246 1,447 1, 185 1,435 1,175

2 8 . PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 9 . DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS....................... 179 189 250 780 640 774 635

3 0 . PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 1 . PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES . . . 382 549 524 2,530 2,056 2,509 2,037

3 2 . RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS. • . 75 129 136 5 79 475 574 470

3 3 . LEATHER TANNING ANO INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 4 . FOOTWEAR ANO OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ............................ 2 2 2 6 6 6 6

3 5 . GLASS ANO GLASS PRODUCTS............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 n

3 6 . STONE ANO CLAY PRODUCTS ............................................................. 4 6 6 26 22 26 22

3 7 . PRIMARY IRON ANO STEEL MANUFACTURING. ..... 1 2 1 6 6 6 6

3 8 . PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING .... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 9 . METAL CONTAINERS................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 n

4 0 . HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PROOUCTS. • . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 1 . STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS. . . 5 4 5 23 20 23 20

4 2 . OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS ........................................ 46 64 81 253 207 251 205

4 3 . ENGINES AND TURBINES........................................................................ 3 6 15 26 22 26 22

4 4 . FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.................................................. 17 30 22 102 85 101 84

4 5 . CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . • 21 16 30 95 79 94 78

4 6 . MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . 50 70 67 256 210 254 209

4 7 . METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT............................ 5 11 25 45 39 45 39

4 8 . SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY ANO EQUIPMENT. . . . 30 60 74 220 181 218 179

4 9 . GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . 5 9 13 32 28 32 28

5 0 . MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS............................................................. 35 50 61 180 148 179 147

5 1 . OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES. . . . 89 214 187 573 470 568 466

5 2 . SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES ........................................................ 21 38 53 151 125 150 124

5 3 . ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . • 5 10 23 *2 36 42 36

5 4 . HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES........................................................................ l 1 2 6 6 6 6

5 5 . ELECTRIC LIGHTING ANO WIRING EQUIPMENT....................... 8 13 14 42 36 42 36

5 6 . RAOIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . • • 62 56 81 309 253 306 251

5 7 . ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ....................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 8 . MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT . 33 48 59 164 135 163 134

5 9 . MOTOR VEHICLES ANO EQUIPMENT.................................................. 438 621 818 2,622 2,180 2,600 2,161

6 0 . AIRCRAFT AND PARTS.............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

6 1 . OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT............................ ..... 38 79 187 322 264 319 262

6 2 . SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS....................... 86 119 200 483 396 479 392

6 3 . OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . • • 15 29 27 92 75 91 74

6 4 . MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING .................................................. 179 274 346 1,105 906 1,096 898

6 5 . TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING. . • ............................ 402 406 572 1,970 1,615 1,954 1,601

6 6 . COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING.................................. 190 263 304 1,178 966 1,168 958

6 7 . RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING .................................. 0 0 0 n 0 0 0

6 8 . ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES. . . • 486 473 855 2,260 1,850 2,240 1,834

6 9 . WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE....................................... 183 320 268 1,438 1,180 1,426 1,170

7 0 . FINANCE AND INSURANCE ................................................................... 191 210 287 1 ,065 871 1,056 863

7 1 . REAL ESTATE ANO RENTAL................................................................... 233 423 429 1,^73 1,452 1,758 1,440

7 2 . HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES.EXCEPT AUTO . . 87 -17 52 305 251 302 249

7 3 . BUSINESS SERVICES .............................................................................. 555 744 742 3,197 2,620 3,170 2,598

7 4 . RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT........................................................ . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 5 . AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES............................................. 83 134 122 609 500 604 496

7 6 . AMUSEMENTS.................................................................................................... -44 -98 -69 -187 -154 -185 -152

7 7 . MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS • • 311 232 356 1,023 R40 1,015 833

7 8 . FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES............................................. 67 105 111 441 362 437 359

7 9 . STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES....................... 6 12 12 48 42 48 42

8 0 . GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES ............................ 3 4 1 20 17 20 17

8 1 . BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT AND GIFTS .... 0 C 0 0 0 0 0

8 2 . OFFICE SUPPLIES ................................................................................... 132 220 227 911 748 903 742

8 3 . SCRAP,USED AND SECONDHAND GOODS ....................................... 342 474 806 1 , 5 0 0 1 , 5 0 0 1 , 4 8 5 1 ,4 8 7

8 4 . GOVERNMENT INDUSTRY ........................................................................ 1 9 , 0 7 8 2 2 , 1 9 9 2 6 , 6 3 8 4 7 , 7 0 0 4 5 , 2 0 0 47,223 44,775

8 5 . REST OF THE WORD INDUSTRY ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 6 . HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY. .... .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 7 . INVENTORY VALUATION ADJUSTMENT....................................... ..... D 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL ............................................................................................................... 40,562 47,466 56,800 125,800 112,400 124,600 111,400

See footnotes on p. 130.

9 6

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-9. DOMESTIC OUTPUT BY INDUSTRY

(Average annual rates of change at producers value in 1958)

Industry number and title*

1947

to 1965

1947

to 1957

1965 to 1980 1957

to 1965

3 percent

basic

model3

3 percent

high

durable3

4 percent

basic 3

model

4 percent

high

durable3

1. LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS................................. 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.6 2. OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS .......................................... 1.7 .9 2.7 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.9 3. FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS ..................................... 1.8 2.2 1.4 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.4 4. AGRICULTURAL*FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES. . . 1.8 2.2 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1. A 5. IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING ................................. 2.7 3.1 2.3 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.9

6. NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING.......................................... 1.8 3.1 . 1 4.8 5.0 4.8 4.9 7. COAL MINING .............................................................................. - 1 .8 -3.1 .0 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7

8. CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ................................. 3.3 4.6 1.8 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 9. STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING ........................ 5.3 6.2 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.2 4.4 10. CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING................... 6.1 6.2 6.1 5.9 6.0 5.9 5.9 11. NEW CONSTRUCTION. ................................................................. 4.9 5.5 4.1 4.4 4.8 4.4 4.7 12. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION ........................ 4.2 2.9 5.9 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 13. ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES................................................... 7.4 14.1 -.4 3.2 5.7 3.2 5.6 14. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS .............................................. 2.4 2.4 2.6 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.1

15. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES.............................................. 1.3 .3 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.1 16. BROAD ANO NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . 2.4 1.3 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.6 17. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . 4.4 2.5 6.9 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.2 18. APPAREL ....................................................................................... 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.5 19. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS . . . 3.8 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 20. LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS. . . 2.3 1.4 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.6 21. WOODEN CONTAINERS ................................................................. -2.1 -3.6 -.2 .3 .4 .2 .3

22. HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ............................................................ 3.5 3.7 3.4 5.0 5.3 4.9 5.2 23. OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES.......................................... 3.4 2.4 4.6 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.4 24. PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . 3.9 3.6 4.3 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.7 25. PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES ................................. 4.7 4.5 4.9 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.3 26. PRINTING ANO PUBLISHING ................................................... 3.3 3.0 3.6 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 27. CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS. . . . 6.8 7.5 6.0 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 28. PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS................................. 9.3 9.6 9.0 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.8

29. DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS................... 7.1 7.1 7.0 6.0 5.7 5.9 5.6 30. PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.............................................. 2.6 1.2 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.3 31. PETROLEUM REFINING ANO RELATED INDUSTRIES . . . 3.9 4.8 2.8 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 32. RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS. . . . . 4.8 2.9 7.3 6.3 6.4 6.2 6.4 33. LEATHER TANNING ANO INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PROOUCTS . . - 1.5 -2.2 -.8 -.3 -.4 -.3 -.4 34. FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ....................... .5 .4 .6 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.2 35. GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS................................................... 3.0 1.9 4.4 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.9

36. STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS ................................................... 5.0 5.9 3.8 4.6 4.8 4.5 4.8 37. PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING........................ 1.6 1.3 1.9 1.9 2.2 1.8 2.2 38. PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING .... 3.7 3.1 4.3 5.3 5.7 5.2 5.6 39. METAL CONTAINERS..................................................................... 3.1 3.3 2.9 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.0 40. HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. • . 3.8 '4.7 2.7 4.2 4.5 4.1 4.4 41. STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS. . . 1.7 1.0 2.7 3.7 4.1 3.7 4.0 42. OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS ................................. 3.2 2.8 3.8 3.9 4.1 3.8 4.0

43. ENGINES AND TURBINES............................................................ 3.0 2.4 3.9 4.2 4.6 4.1 4.5 44. FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. .... ................... 1.7 . 2 3.6 3.4 3.7 3.4 3.7 45. CONSTRUCTION,MINING ANO OIL FIELO MACHINERY . . . • 2.1 1.8 2.4 3.5 3.8 3.4 3.8 46. MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . 3.4 3.0 4.1 4.2 4.5 4.1 4.5 47. METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT....................... 2.7 3.1 2. 3 3.0 3.6 2.9 3.5 48. SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . . l.l -1.3 4.2 4.0 4.4 3.9 4.3 49. GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . 3.4 1.8 5.5 3.4 3.9 3.3 3.9

50. MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ....................................................... 7.2 8.5 5.6 4.9 5.5 4.8 5.4 51. OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES. . . . 8.9 7.7 10.5 10.3 10.9 10.2 10.8 52. SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES .............................................. 4.6 2.6 7.2 6.5 6.9 6.4 6.8 53. ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . , 3.9 4. 1 3.6 4.9 5.5 4.8 5.4 54. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES............................................................ 4.5 2.7 6.8 5.1 5.4 5.0 5.3 55. ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT................... 3.3 2.1 5.0 4.7 5.0 4.6 4.9 56. RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . • • °.l 9.0 9.1 6.2 7.0 6.1 7.0

57. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ................... 13.4 12.0 15.2 8.4 9.3 8.4 9.2 58. MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . 2.2 .9 3.7 5.5 5.7 5.4 5.6 59. MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT.......................................... 5.3 4.5 6. 2 2.9 3. 1 2.8 3. 1

60. AIRCRAFT AND PARTS....................................................... 11.1 20.2 .7 2.6 A.6 2.6 4.6 61. OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT..................................... 2.5 .9 4. 5 2.9 3.7 2.9 3.7 62. SCIENTIFIC ANO CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS................... 4.1 4.0 4.2 5.4 6. 1 5.4 6.1 63. OPTICAL,0°THALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . • • 6.7 6.4 7.1 8.8 9.0 8.8 8.9

64. MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING ............................ . . . 3.4 2.2 5.0 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.5 65. TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING..................................... 1.6 .7 2.8 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9

66. COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING............................ 7.4 7.7 7.1 7.0 6.9 6.9 6.9 67. RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING ............................ 7.5 10.3 4. 1 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.0

68. ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER ANO SANITARY SERVICES. . . . 7.5 9.0 5.7 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.5 69. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE.............................................. 3.9 3.6 4.4 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.6 70. FINANCE AND INSURANCE . . . . . ................................. 4.4 4.2 4. 7 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.2

71. REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL....................................................... 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.0 4.8 4.9 4.8 72. HOTELS,PERSONAL ANO REPAIR SERVICES,EXCEPT AUTO . . 2.8 2. 1 3.7 4.6 4.3 4.5 4.3 73. BUSINESS SERVICES ................................................................. 5.2 5.2 5.3 6.3 6.4 6.2 6.3 74. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT................................................... 6.4 5.2 7.8 6.0 6.7 5.9 6.9 75. AUTOMOBILE REPAIR ANO SERVICES..................................... 3.0 2.3 3.9 4.8 4.6 A.7 4.6 76. AMUSEMENTS................................................................................... .2 - 1.5 2.3 4.4 4.1 4.3 4.0 77. MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS • • 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.5 5.2 5.4 5.1

78. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES..................................... 5.4 4.9 6. 1 5.1 5.0 5.0 4.9 79. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES................... 3.4 2.3 4.8 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.3 80. GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES ....................... .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 81. BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT ANO GIFTS . . . . NA NA 5.5 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.7 82. OFFICE SUPPLIES ..................................................................... NA NA 5.2 7.1 6.8 7.1 6.8 83. SCRAP,USED AND SECONDHAND GOODS ................................. NA NA 6.8 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 84. GOVERNMENT INDUSTRY ............................................................ NA NA 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5

85. REST OF THE WORD INDUSTRY ............................................... NA NA 10.8 7.0 7.0 6.9 7.0

86. HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY. . . ................................................... NA NA - 1.3 .8 .3 .8 .3 87. INVENTORY VALUATION ADJUSTMENT..................................... NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

TOTAL ............................................................................................ NA NA 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.5

See footnotes on p. 130.

97

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-10. CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT1 BY INDUSTRY 1958 TO 1968 AND PROJECTED 1980'S

(Thousands)

Industry number and title 1958 1959 I960 1961 1962 1963

112. AGRICULTURE.......................................................................... 5,540 5,519 5,38° 5,142 4,937 4,712 3. FORESTRY AN0 FISHERY PRODUCTS . ........................ . . 106 104 107 108 108 107 4. AGRICULTURAL,F0RESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES. • . . 206 199 203 208 216 216 5. IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING ................................. 36 33 38 31 28 28

6. NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING.......................................... 59 52 58 58 56 54 7. COAL MINING .............................................................................. 224 207 195 170 161 157

8. CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ................................. 350 352 331 324 319 310 9,10. NONMETALLIC MINING AND QUARRYING ....................... 120 125 128 125 123 122

lit 12. CONSTRUCTION ..................................................................... 3,522 3,717 3,641 3,581 3,689 3,747 13. ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES................................................... 158 204 220 244 264 266 14. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS .............................................. 1 ,816 1,829 1,835 1,816 1,804 1,793

15. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES............................................................ 95 94 94 91 90 89 16. BROAD AND NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . 610 618 604 581 580 569 17. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . 105 113 109 103 105 105 18. APPAREL ....................................................................................... 1,233 1,340 1,338 1,317 1,366 1,375 19. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS . . . . 127 138 141 142 147 151

20,21. LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS .......................................... 711 752 720 678 685 683

22. HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE . . . .............................................. 273 291 285 275 2®0 294

23. OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES................................ 108 115 119 113 118 119 24. PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . 400 414 425 424 429 430 25. PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES ................................. 165 174 177 178 187 190 26. PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ................................................... 948 961 984 991 1,004 1 ,010 27. CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS. . . . 391 394 400 39 8 403 406 28. PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS. ....... 143 14Q 155 154 165 175

29. DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS................... 198 203 209 213 217 221 30. PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS. ..... ................... 61 62 63 62 63 63 31. PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES . . . . 224 216 212 202 195 189 32. RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS. • . . 346 376 382 377 411 429 33. LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . 41 40 37 37 36 34 34. FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ........................ 320 336 328 324 329 318 35. GLASS AND GLASS PROOUCTS................................................... 144 154 159 156 160 162

36. STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS ................................................... 434 466 462 443 450 456 37. PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING........................ 847 857 911 833 841 842 38. PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING .... 313 332 327 317 332 337 39. METAL CONTAINERS..................................................................... 70 70 71 69 70 70 40. HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . 429 423 426 415 416 426 41. STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PROOUCTS AND BOLTS. . . . 253 280 287 263 282 287 42. OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS ................................. 344 363 370 357 379 386

43. ENGINES AND TURBINES............................................................ 90 90 86 79 84 85 44. FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.......................................... 116 125 115 112 115 123 45. CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . 145 162 157 142 149 152 46. MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . . 61 63 64 59 62 66 47. METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT........................ 246 258 275 261 274 283 48. SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . . 164 167 171 165 l74 17*

49. GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . •210 227 233 223 235 240

50. MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ....................................................... 156 168 179 177 189 19!

51. OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES. . . . 133 138 146 152 159 163 52. SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES .............................................. 90 97 100 95 101 102 53. ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . 304 332 344 339 350 339 54. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES..................................... .... 148 157 155 148 150 156 55. ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT................... 124 137 141 140 147 153 56. RADIO,TELEVISION ANO COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . • 400 453 489 508 555 54Q

57. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ................... 179 213 234 243 266 262 58. MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. 97 106 107 100 103 99 59. MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT.......................................... 607 694 725 633 693 742 60. AIRCRAFT AND PARTS................................................................. 772 722 629 611 639 640 61. OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT..................................... 218 223 220 209 219 231 62. SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS................... 223 241 246 240 249 253 63. OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . • 103 107 110 10° 112 11*

64. MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING ......................................... 396 412 414 403 415 411 65. TRANSPORTATION ANO WAREHOUSING..................................... 2,703 2,754 2,743 2,655 2,661 2,658

66. COMMUNICATIONS, EXCEPT BROADCASTING....................... . 775 750 750 737 732 727 67. RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING ............................ 89 91 94 96 97 101

68. ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES. . . . 622 624 628 628 624 623 69. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE.............................................. 13,589 13,947 14,222 14,143 14,262 14,352 70. FINANCE AND INSURANCE .... ..................................... 2,140 2,204 2,284 2,354 2,410 2,474

71. REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL..................................... 687 697 697 698 719 735 72. HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES,EXCEPT AUTO . 2 ,3°0 2,400 2,466 2,533 2,582 2,63°

73,74. BUSINESS SERVICES,RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT . . 1,527 1,666 1,761 1,849 1,977 2,061 75. AUTOMOBILE REPAIR ANO SERVICES..................................... 381 390 426 433 448 476 76. AMUSEMENTS................................................................................... 603 624 635 660 668 675 77. MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS • 3,635 3,808 3,975 4,114 4,297 4,479

78. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES2 ................................. 79. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES2 .... 84. TOTAL GOVERNMENT2 ..................................... 7,839 8,083 8,353 8,594 8,890 9,225

TOTAL FEDERAL GOVERNMENT2 ................................. 2,191 2,233 2,270 2,279 2,340 2,357

TOTAL STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT2 .... 5,648 5,850 6,083 6,315 6,550 6,868

86. HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY....................................................... 2,550 2,575 2,554 2,656 2, 694 2,656

TOTAL3 ....................................................................................... 66 ,032 67,982 68,368 68,618 69,956 70,731

See footnotes 130.

98

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-10. CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT1 BY INDUSTRY 1958 TO 1968 AND PROJECTED 1980'S— Continued

(Thousands)

Industry number and title 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968

1,2 AGRICULTURE.......................................................................... 4,521 4,338 3,963 3,860 3,811 3. FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS ..................................... 108 112 109 113 115 4. AGRICULTURAL,FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES. . . 215 221 219 223 226 5. IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING................................ 28 30 30 29 29

6. NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING. . ........ 54 56 58 52 57 7. COAL MINING......................................................................... 155 149 145 147 141

8. CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ................................. 311 308 305 298 298 9,10. NONMETALLIC MINING AND QUARRYING....................... 121 124 125 123 121

lit 12. CONSTRUCTION ..................................................................... 3,844 3,994 4,075 3,981 4,050 13. ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES................................................... 244 226 261 317 342 14. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS..................................... .... . 1,787 1,798 1,817 1,816 1,811

15. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES............................................................ 90 87 84 87 84 16. BROAD AND NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. 572 584 609 605 614 17. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS 108 115 122 124 132 18. APPAREL....................................................................................... 1,391 1,450 1,495 1,483 1,502 19. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS . . . 155 162 170 173 178

20,21. LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS .......................................... 694 698 706 675 676

22. HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ............................................................ 310 325 344 334 351

23. OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES.......................................... 120 129 141 143 145 24. PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . 433 440 459 466 471 25. PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES ............................ . 193 200 209 214 222 26. PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ................................................... 1,026 1,057 1,091 1,113 1,128 27. CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS. . . . 406 411 438 468 473 28. PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS................................ 183 194 206 205 216

29. DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS................... 224 234 247 259 265 30. PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.............................................. 64 66 67 68 70 31. PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES . . . 184 183 184 183 187 32. RUBBER ANO MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS. . . 439 474 514 510 560 33. LEATHER TANNING ANO INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS 34 35 34 33 33 34. FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ....................... 316 320 332 320 325 35. GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS. . . . ................................ 165 172 180 177 188

36. STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS ................................................... 465 474 481 465 463 37. PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING....................... 896 941 957 936 931 38. PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING .... 344 367 402 394 391 39. METAL CONTAINERS..................................................................... 72 71 77 78 78 40. HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. 447 466 490 497 507 41. STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS ANO BOLTS. . . 293 323 347 350 363 42. OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS ................................. 399 428 456 462 469

43. ENGINES AND TUR8INES............................................................ 87 91 99 104 110 44. FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.......................................... 130 139 151 153 145 45. CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . 164 177 191 188 192 46. MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . 72 79 87 88 89 47. METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT....................... 298 318 351 367 358 48. SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY ANO EQUIPMENT. . . . 184 196 208 208 201 49. GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . 249 266 2°0 295 285

50. MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ....................................................... 194 212 235 247 249 51. OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES. . . . 173 191 218 23° 245 52. SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES .............................................. 106 114 125 129 135 53. ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . 340 362 404 418 417 54. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES.............................................. .... 161 165 180 175 178 55. ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT................... 162 177 200 204 206 56. RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMFNT. . 527 550 62° 667 676

57. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ................... 265 307 389 385 388 58. MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT 94 101 111 114 121 59. MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT.......................................... 755 844 863 817 871 60. AIRCRAFT AND PARTS....................... ........................................ 606 625 754 836 852 61. OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT..................................... 249 276 306 302 311 62. SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS................... 254 262 288 799 304 63. OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . 120 130 146 155 150

64. MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING ......................................... 420 442 457 452 458 65. TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING. ................... . . . 2,679 2,727 2,791 2,841 2,968

66. COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING............................ 747 776 816 852 865 67. RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING ............................ 105 110 117 123 126

68. ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES. . . . 627 637 643 654 66* 69. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE.............................................. 14,780 15,352 15,810 16,160 16,604 70. FINANCE AND INSURANCE ....................................................... 2,542 2,598 2,671 2,781 2,916

71. REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL....................................................... 751 769 782 738 810 72. HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERV ICES, EXCEPT AUTO 2,714 2,752 2,814 2,851 2,880 73,74. BUSINESS SERVICFS,RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT . 2,181 2,303 2,461 2,633 2,777 75. AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES..................................... 493 501 508 520 536 76. AMUSEMENTS................................................................................... 695 709 722 758 768 77. MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS 4,676 4, 854 5,112 5,423 5,717

78.

79.

84.

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES2 ................................

STATE ANO LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES2 ....

TOTAL GOVERNMENT2 ..................................... 9,596 10,091 10,871 11,398 11,846

TOTAL FEDERAL GOVERNMENT2 ................................ 2,348 2,377 2,564 2,719 2,737

TOTAL STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT2 .... 7,249 7,714 9,307 9,679 9, 109

86. HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY................................................................ 2,683 2,604 2,559 2,484 2,435

TOTAL ............................................................................................ 72,290 74,568 77,308 78,906 80,788

See footnotes on p. 130.

9 9

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-10. CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT1 BY INDUSTRY 1958 TO 1968 AND PROJECTED 1980'S— Continued

(Thousands)

Industry number and title

1980 3 percent

basic model4

3 percent

high durable 4

4 percent

basic model 4

4 percent

high durable

l t2. AGRICULTURE......................................................................... 2,800 2,800 2,772 2,772 3. FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS ..................................... 131 132 129 131

A. AGRICULTURAL,FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES. . . 257 260 255 257 5. IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING ................................. 26 28 26 23

6. NONFEPROUS METAL ORES MINING.......................................... 61 62 60 61 7. COAL MINING . . . ................................................................. 99 °3 98 97

8. CRUOE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ............................ . 269 263 266 260 9,10. NONMETALLIC MINING AND QUARRYING . ................... 135 137 134 136 11,12. CONSTRUCTION ...................................................................... 5,482 5,595 5,427 5,539 13. ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES................................................... 250 351 247 347 14. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS .............................................. 1,799 1,735 1,781 1,713

15. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES............................................................ 65 63 64 62 16. BROAD AND NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . 551 541 545 536 17. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS • . 121 124 120 123 18. APPAREL..................................................................... 1,780 1,727 1,762 1,710 19. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS . . . 203 198 201 196 20,21. LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS .......................................... 685 702 673 695 22. HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE .......................................... .... 432 448 428 444

23. OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES.......................................... 208 208 206 206 24. PAPER AND ALLIED PROOUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . 556 551 550 545 25. PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES ................................. 245 244 243 242 26. PRINTING ANO PUBLISHING ................................................... 1,322 1,307 1,300 1,294 27. CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS. . . . 501 498 496 493 28. PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS................................. 275 277 272 274

29. DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS................... 336 321 333 318 30. PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS............................................... 75 76 74 75 31. PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES . . . 155 152 153 150 32. RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS. . • 763 777 755 769 33. LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . . 25 25 25 25 34. FOOTWEAR ANO OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ....................... 312 302 309 299 35. GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS................................................... 218 221 216 219

36. STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS.............................................. 591 609 585 603 37. PRIMARY IRON ANO STEEL MANUFACTURING........................ 851 891 842 832 38. PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING .... 492 522 487 517 39. METAL CONTAINERS...................................................................... 80 78 79 77 40. HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . • 618 641 612 634 41. STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS. . . 405 425 401 421 42. OTHER FABRICATED METAL PROOUCTS ................................. 535 553 530 547

43. ENGINES AND TURBINES............................................................ 120 128 119 127 44. FARM MACHINERY ANO EQUIPMENT............................. 173 180 171 178 45. CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . • 220 230 218 228 46. MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . 125 132 124 131 47. METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT........................ 395 429 391 425 48. SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . . 248 262 246 259 49. GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . 326 353 323 349

50. MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ....................................................... 308 333 305 330 51. OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES. . . . 400 433 396 428 52. SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES ............................................... 180 190 178 188 53. ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT ANO APPARATUS . . . . 480 523 475 518 54. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES............................................................ 210 219 208 217 55. ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT................... 249 260 247 25-' 56. RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . • • 760 855 752 846

57. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ................... # # 505 663 500 557 58. MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . 130 134 129 133 59. MOTOR VEHICLES ANO EQUIPMENT.......................................... 901 933 892 923 60. AIRCRAFT AND PARTS. ..... ..................................... 761 1,017 753 1,006 61. OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT..................................... 352 393 348 389 62. SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS................... 373 411 369 407 63. OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . • • 180 183 179 181

64. MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING .......................................... 513 512 508 507 65. TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING..................................... 3,117 3, 126 3,086 3,095

66. COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING............................ 972 959 962 949 67. RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING ............................ 163 164 161 162

68. ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES. . . . 724 712 717 705 69. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE............................................... 20,487 20,501 20,282 20,296 70. FINANCE AND INSURANCE ........................................................ 3,690 3,607 3,653 3,571

71. REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL........................................................ 049 931 940 922 72. HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES,EXCEPT AUTO . . 3,621 3,509 3,534 3,473 73,74. BUSINESS SERVICES,RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT . . . 4,539 4, 579 4,495 4,534 75. AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES..................................... 664 652 657 645 76. AMUSEMENTS................................................................................... 098 956 988 946 77. MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS • • 8,458 3,089 3,373 8,003

78. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES2 ................................. 79. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES2 .... 84. TOTAL GOVERNMENT 2 ..................................... 16,800 16,200 16,632 16,038

TOTAL FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 2 ................................. 3,000 3,000 2,970 2,970

TOTAL STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT2 .... 13,800 13,200 13,662 13,068

86. HOUSEHOLD INOUSTRY................................................................. 2,800 2,300 2,770 2,770

TOTAL ............................................................................................ 99,600 9«>,400 98,600 98,400

See footnotes on p. 130.

1 0 0

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-11. CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT1 2 BY INDUSTRY

(Average annual rates of change)

1959

to 1965

1965

to 1967

1965 to 1980

Industry number and title 3 percent

basic 3

model

3 percent

high 3

durable

4 percent

basic 3

model

4 percent

high 3

durable

1.2. AGRICULTURE.............................................................................. - 3.9 -5.7 -2.9 -2.9 -2.9 -2.9 3,4. AGRICULTURAL SERVICES,FORESTRY AND FISHERY . . . 1.6 .4 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 5. IRON ANO FERROALLOY ORES MINING . ................................. -1.6 -1.7 -1.0 -.5 -1.0 -.5

6. NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING.............................................. 1.2 -3.7 .6 .7 .5 .6 7. COAL MINING ................................................................................... -6.3 -.7 -2.7 -2.7 -2.7 -2.8

8. CRUOE PETROLEUM ANO NATURAL GAS ..................................... “2.2 - 1.7 -.9 - l .l -1.0 -1.1 9,10. NONMETALLIC MINING ANO QUARRYING ............................ -.1 .4 • 6 .7 .5 .6 11,12. CONSTRUCTION .......................................................................... 1.2 -• 2 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.2 13. ORDNANCE ANO ACCESSORIES....................................................... 1.7 18.4 .7 3.0 .6 2.9 14. FOOD AND KINDREO PRODUCTS ................................................... -.3 .5 .0 -.2 -1.0 -.3

15. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES................................................................ - 1.3 .0 -2.0 -2.2 -2.0 -2.2 16. BROAO AND NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . -1.0 1.8 -.4 -.5 -.5 -.6 17. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . .3 3.8 .3 .5 .3 .4 18. APPAREL ............................................................................................ 1.3 l.l 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.1 19. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS .... 2.7 3.3 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.3 20. LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS. . . . - l . l -2.1 .0 .2 • 0 • l 21. WOODEN CONTAINERS ............................ . ................................. -3.5 5.1 -3.6 -3.6 -3.6 -3.6

22. HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ................................................................. 1.9 1.4 1.9 2.2 1.9 2.1 23. OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES.............................................. 1.9 5.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 24. PAPER AND ALLIED PROOUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . 1.0 2.9 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 25. PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES ..................................... 2.3 3.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 26. PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ....................................................... 1.6 2.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 27. CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS................... .7 6.7 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 28. PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS..................................... 4.5 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3

29. DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS....................... 2.4 5.0 2.4 2.1 2.4 2. 1 30. PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS................................................... l.l 1.5 .9 .9 .8 .9 31. PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES .... - 2.7 . 0 -1.1 -1.2 -1.2 - 1.3 32. RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS. . . . 2.4 4.6 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 33. LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . . -2.2 -2.9 -2.2 -2.2 -2.2 -2.2 34. FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ............................ -.8 .0 -.2 -.4 -.2 -.5 35. GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS....................................................... 1.9 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6

36. STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS ....................................................... .3 -1.0 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.6 37. PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING............................ 1.6 .3 -.7 -.4 -.7 -.4 38. PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING ................... 1.7 3.6 2.0 2.4 1.9 2.3 39. METAL CONTAINERS. . . . ....................................................... .2 4.8 .8 .6 .7 .5 40. HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . . 1.6 3.3 1.9 2.1 1.8 2.1 41. STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS. . . . 2.4 4. 1 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.8 42. OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS ..................................... 2.6 3.9 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.6

43. ENGINES AND TURBINES..................................... .... .2 6.9 1.9 2.3 1.8 2.2 44. FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.............................................. 1.8 4.9 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.7 45. CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . . 1.5 3. 1 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.7 46. MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . . 3.8 5.5 3.1 3.5 3.1 3.4 47. METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT............................ 3.6 7.4 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.9 48. SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT................... 2.7 3.0 1.6 2.0 1.5 1.9 49. GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY ANO EQUIPMENT. . . . 2.7 5.3 1.4 1.9 1.3 1.8

50. MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ............................................................ 4.0 7.9 2.5 3.1 2.5 3.0 51. OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES................... 5.6 11.9 5.1 5.6 5.0 5.5 52. SERVICE INOUSTRY MACHINES ................................................... 2.7 6.4 3.1 3.5 3.0 3.4 53. ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT ANO APPARATUS . . . • 1.5 7.5 1.9 1.9 1.8 2.4 54. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES................................................................. .8 3.0 1.6 1.9 1.6 1.8 55. ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT. ................... 4.4 7.4 2.3 2.6 2.2 2.5 56. RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . . * 3.3 10.1 2.2 3.0 2.1 2.9

57. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ....................... 6.3 12.0 3.4 4.1 3.3 4.1 58. MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY ANO EQUIPMENT. • -.8 6.3 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.9 59. MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT......................................... . 3.3 -1.6 .4 .7 .4 .6 60. AIRCRAFT AND PARTS..................................................................... - 2.3 15.7 1.3 3.3 1.3 3.2 61. OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.......................................... 3.6 4.6 1.6 2.4 1.6 2.3 62. SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS....................... 1.4 6.8 2.4 3.1 2.3 3.0 63. OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . . • 3.3 9.2 2.2 2.3 ?. 1 2.2

64. MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING .............................................. 1.2 l.l 1.0 1.0 .9 .9 65. TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING.......................................... - . 2 2.1 .9 .9 .8 .8

66. COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING................................ • 6 4.8 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 67. RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING ................................ 3.2 5.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6

68. ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER ANO SANITARY SERVICES................... .3 1.3 .9 .7 .8 .7 69. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE................................................... 1.6 2.6 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 70. FINANCE ANO INSURANCE ............................................................ 2.8 3.4 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.1

71. REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL............................................................ 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 72. HOTELS,PERSONAL ANO REPAIR SERVICES, EXCEPT AUTO . . 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.6 73,74. BUSINESS SERVICES,RESEARCH ANO DEVELOPMENT . . . 5.5 6.9 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.6 75. AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES................................ .... . 4.3 2.8 1.9 1*8 1.8 1.7 76. AMUSEMENTS........................................................................................ 2.1 3.5 2.3 2.0 2.2 1.9 77. MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS . • 4. 1 5.7 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.4

78. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES4 ..................................... 79. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES4 ................... 84. TOTAL GOVERNMENT 4 .......................................... 3.8 6. 3 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.1

TOTAL FEDERAL GOVERNMENT4 ..................................... 1.0 7.0 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5

TOTAL STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT4 ................... 4.7 6.1 4.0 3.6 3.9 3.6

86. HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY..................................................................... .2 -2.4 .5 .5 .4 .4

TOTAL ................................................................................................ 1.6 2.9 1.9 l .9 1.9 1.9

See footnotes on p. 130.

1 0 1

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-12. WAGE AND SALARY EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY 1958 TO 1968 AND PROJECTED 1980'S

(Thousands)

Industry number and title 1958 1959 I960 1961 1962 1963

1.2. AGRICULTURE.1 .......................................................................... 5,540 5,519 5,389 5, 142 4,937 4,712 3. FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS .......................................... 57 55 58 59 62 62 4. AGRICULTURAL,FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES. . . . 113 109 113 117 123 121 5. IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING ..................................... 35 32 37 30 27 27

6. NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING.............................................. 58 51 57 57 55 53 7. COAL MINING ................................................................................... 215 198 186 161 152 14°

8. CRUOE PETROLEUM ANO NATURAL GAS . . . ........................ 328 330 309 303 298 289 9,10. NONMETALLIC MINING AND QUARRYING ............................ 115 120 123 120 118 117 11,12. CONSTRUCTION ................................................... ..... 2,778 2,960 2,885 2,816 2,902 2,963 13. ORDNANCE ANO ACCESSORIES....................................................... 158 204 220 244 264 266 14. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS ................................................... 1,773 1,790 1,790 1,775 1,763 1,752

15. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES................................................................. 95 94 94 91 90 89 16. BROAD AND NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . 608 615 601 578 579 568 17. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . 104 111 108 102 104 104 18. APPAREL ............................................................................................ 1,256 1,312 1,312 1, 291 1,340 1,349 19. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS .... 126 137 140 141 146 150 20,21. LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS .............................................. 615 659 627 583 590 593 22. HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ................................................... . . . 260 278 272 262 275 279

23. OTHER FURNITURE ANO FIXTURES. .......................................... 101 107 111 106 n o 111 24. PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . 399 413 424 423 428 429 25. PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES ..................................... 165 174 177 178 187 190 26. PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ....................................................... 873 888 911 917 926 031 27. CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS................... 389 3°2 397 395 400 403 28. PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS..................................... 143 149 155 154 165 175

29. DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS........................ 197 202 208 212 216 219 30. PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS................................................... 61 62 63 62 63 63 31. PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES .... 224 216 212 202 195 199 32. RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS. . . . 344 373 379 375 408 418 33. LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . 41 40 37 37 36 34 34. FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ............................ 318 33 A 326 321 325 315 35. GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS....................................................... 142 152 157 154 158 16°

36. STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS ....................................................... 421 452 447 428 43R 441 37. PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING. . ................... 846 856 91C 832 840 841 38. PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING ..... 312 331 32.6 316 331 336 39. METAL CONTAINERS.......................................................................... 70 70 71 69 70 70 40. HEATING,PLUMBING ANO STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . 421 414 417 406 407 416 41. STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS. . . . 249 276 283 259 278 283 42. OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS ................................. . 337 362 364 351 373 381

43. ENGINES AND TURBINES................................................................ 90 90 86 79 84 85 44. FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.............................................. 113 122 112 109 112 120 45. CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . 145 162 157 142 149 152 46. MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . . 61 63 64 59 62 66 47. METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT............................ 231 245 261 247 269 267 48. SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT................... 161 164 168 162 171 172 49. GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . . 204 221 227 217 229 234

50. MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ............................................................ 136 149 158 156 167 169 51. OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES................... 133 138 146 152 159 163 52. SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES ................................................... 90 97 100 95 101 102 53. ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . 304 332 344 339 350 339 54. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES............................................................ . 148 157 155 148 150 156 55. ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT....................... 121 134 138 136 143 150 56. RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . . 400 453 489 508 555 549

57. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ....................... 179 213 234 243 266 262 58. MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. 97 106 107 100 103 99 59. MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT.............................................. 606 692 724 632 6 °2 741 60. AIRCRAFT ANO PARTS..................................................................... 771 721 628 610 638 639 61. OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.......................................... 217 222 217 207 217 229 62. SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS........................ 221 239 244 238 246 250 63. OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . . 103 107 110 10° 112 115

64. MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING .............................................. 370 385 387 375 387 384 65. TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING.......................................... 2,506 2,562 2,549 2,460 2,472 2,46°

66. COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING............................ .... 773 748 748 735 729 725 67. RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING ................... . . . 87 89 92 94 95 99

68. ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES................... 610 612 615 614 610 610 69. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE............................ .... 10,750 11,127 11,391 11,337 11,566 11,778 70. FINANCE AND INSURANCE ..... ..................................... 2,012 2,074 2,152 2,217 2, 270 2,334

71. REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL............................................................ 507 520 517 514 530 543 72. HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES, EXCEPT AUTO . l ,559 1,597 1,626 1,648 1,686 1,707 73,74. BUSINESS SERVICES,RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT . . 1,143 1,241 1,321 1,387 1,501 1,582 75. AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES.......................................... 239 257 275 276 289 308 76. AMUSEMENTS....................................................................................... 510 528 534 552 562 566 77. MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS . 3,185 3,343 3,496 3,625 3,905 3,979

78. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES2 ..................................... 79. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES2 ................... 84. TOTAL GOVERNMENT 2 .......................................... 7,839 8,083 8,353 8,594 8,890 9,225

TOTAL FEDERAL GOVERNMENT2 ..................................... 2,191 2,223 2,270 2,279 2,340 2,358

TOTAL STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT 2 ................... 5,648 5,850 6,083 6,315 6,550 6,868

86. HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY..................................................................... 2,550 2,575 2,554 2,656 2,694 2,656

TOTAL............................ ................................................................... 59,458 61,405 62,175 6 1,841 63,227 64,072

See footnotes on p. 130.

1 0 2

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-12. WAGE AND SALARY EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY 1958 TO 1968 AND PROJECTED 1980'S— Continued

(Thousands)

Industry num ber and title 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968

1,2 . a g r ic u l t u r e . ........................................ ................................... 4 ,5 2 1 4 ,3 3 8 3,Q 63 3 ,8 6 0 3 ,8 1 1

3 . FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS ......................................... 62 64 63 65 68

4 . AGRICULTURAL,FORESTRY AN0 FISHERY SERVICES. . . 121 126 124 127 133

5. IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING .................................... 27 29 29 28 28

6. NONFEPROUS METAL ORES MINING.............................................. 53 55 57 51 56

7. COAL MINING ....................................................................................... 147 141 137 139 133

8. CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS . . . ..................... 291 287 282 276 276

9 ,1 0 . NONMETALLIC MINING AND QUARRYING .......................... 116 120 121 119 117

l i t 12. CONSTRUCTION ............................................................................. 3 ,0 5 0 3, 186 3, 275 3 ,2 0 8 3 ,2 6 7

13. ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES........................................................ 244 226 261 317 342

1* . FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS ................................................... 1 ,7 5 0 1 ,7 5 7 1,7 7 7 1 ,7 8 6 1 ,7 8 1

15. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES.................................................................. 90 87 84 87 84

16. BROAD AND NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. 571 583 608 604 613

17. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS 107 114 121 123 131

18. APPAREL ................................................................................................. 1 ,3 6 5 1 ,4 2 5 1 ,471 1,461 1 ,4 8 0

19. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS . . . 154 161 169 172 177

20, 2 1 . LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS .............................................. 604 607 614 597 508

22. HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ............................... . . . . . . . 293 309 328 319 335

23. OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES.............................................. 113 122 134 136 13°

24. PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS, EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . 432 439 45 8 465 470

2 5. PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES . . .......................... 193 200 209 214 222

2 6. PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ........................................................ 952 979 1 ,0 1 7 1,0 4 8 1 ,0 6 3

2 7 . CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS. . . . 405 410 437 466 471

2 8 . PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS.................................... 182 194 206 205 216

29. DRUGS,CLEANING ANO TOILET PREPARATIONS. . . . . 223 233 246 257 264

3 0. PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.................................................... 64 66 67 68 70

3 1. PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES . . . 184 183 184 183 187

3 2. RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS. . . 436 471 511 516 557

3 3. LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS 34 35 34 33 33

3 4. FOOTWEAR ANO OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS .......................... 314 318 330 318 323

3 5 . GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS........................................................ 163 169 178 175 176

36. STONE ANO CLAY PRODUCTS ........................................................ 451 459 466 453 461

3 7. PRIMARY IRON ANO STEEL MANUFACTURING.......................... 895 940 956 935 930

3 8. PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING . . . . 343 366 400 392 389

39. METAL CONTAINERS............................................................................. 72 71 77 78 78

4 0. HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. 435 455 479 483 494

4 1. STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS. . . 289 319 343 344 357

4 2. OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS .................................... 394 424 452 458 465

4 3 . ENGINES AND TURBINES.................................................................. 87 91 99 104 110

4 4. FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.............................................. 127 136 148 149 141

4 5 . CONSTRUCTION,MINING ANO OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . 164 177 191 188 192

4 6. MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . 72 79 87 88 89

4 7. METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.......................... 283 304 337 352 343

4 8 . SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . . 181 193 20 5 205 198

4 9 . GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . 243 261 285 290 280

5 0 . MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS .............................................................. 173 189 215 225 227

5 1. OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES. . . . 173 191 218 239 245

5 2. SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES .................................................... 106 114 125 129 135

5 3 . ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . 340 362 404 418 417

5 4. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES................................................................... 161 165 ISO 175 178

5 5. ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT..................... 158 173 196 200 202

56. RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . 527 550 629 667 676

5 7. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ..................... 265 307 389 385 388

58. MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT 94 101 111 1 14 121

5 9. MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT............................................... 753 843 862 816 870

6 0 . AIRCRAFT ANO PARTS........................................................................ 605 624 753 834 850

6 1 . OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT......................................... 246 274 303 299 308

6 2. SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS..................... 250 259 285 296 301

6 3. OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . 120 130 146 155 159

64. MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING .............................................. 395 417 431 426 432

6 5 . TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING......................................... 2 ,4 8 8 2 ,5 3 2 2, 593 2 ,6 4 9 2 ,6 7 5

66. COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING............................... 745 774 P 1 4 850 863

6 7. RADIO ANO TELEVISION BROADCASTING ............................... 103 107 114 120 123

68. ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES. . . . 615 623 630 642 653

6 9 . WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE................................................... 1 2 ,1 6 0 1 2 ,7 1 6 1 3 ,2 4 5 1 3 ,6 0 6 1 4,0 81

7 0. FINANCE AND INSURANCE ............................................................. 2 ,4 0 1 2 ,4 5 4 2, 526 2 ,6 3 8 2 ,7 7 4

7 1 . REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL................................................... ..... 556 569 574 587 609

7 2. HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES, EXCEPT AUTO 1 ,7 6 8 1 ,8 1 7 1,868 1 ,9 1 9 1 ,9 4 9

7 3, 7 4 . BUSINESS SERVICES,RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT . 1 ,6 9 0 1 ,8 0 8 1,961 2,101 2 ,2 4 6

7 5 . AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES......................................... 322 336 343 353 360

7 6. AMUSEMENTS............................................................................................ 575 591 601 626 636

7 7. MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS 4 , 171 4 ,3 4 5 4 , 591 4 ,0 0 8 5 ,2 0 1

7 8.

7«3.

8 4.

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES2 ....................................

STATE ANO LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES2 . . . . 

TOTAL GOVERNMENT 2 ......................................... 9 ,5 9 6 1 0,0 91 1 0,871 1 1,3 99 1 1 ,8 4 6

TOTAL FEDERAL GOVERNMENT2 .................................... 2 ,3 4 8 2 ,3 7 8 2 ,5 6 4 2 ,7 1 9 2 ,7 3 7

TOTAL STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT 2 . . . . 7 ,2 4 9 7 ,7 1 4 8 ,3 0 7 8 ,6 7 9 9 ,1 0 9

86. HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY........................................................................ 2 ,6 8 3 2 ,6 0 4 2 ,5 5 8 2 ,4 8 4 2 ,4 3 5

TOTAL ................................................................................................. 6 5 ,5 3 6 6 7 ,7 7 5 7 0 ,5 5 7 7 2 ,2 0 1 7 4 ,1 0 8

See footnotes on p. 130.

103

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-12. WAGE AND SALARY EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY 1958 TO 1968 AND PROJECTED 1980'S— Continued

(Thousands)

Industry num ber and title

1980

3 percen t 

b asic m od el3

3 percen t 

high durable 3

4 percen t ^ 

b asic m odel

4 percent 

high du rable3

1 ,2 . AGRICULTURE.................................................................................. 2 ,8 0 0 2 ,8 0 0 2 ,7 7 2 2 ,7 7 2

3 . FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS .......................................... 78 79 77 T8

4 . AGRICULTURAL, FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES. . . 152 155 151 154

5 . IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING . . .......................... 25 27 25 27

6 . NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING. . . . . ..................... 60 61 59 60

7 . COAL MINING ....................................................................................... 90 89 89 88

8. CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS .................................... 245 239 242 236

9 , LO. NQNMETALLIC MINING AND QUARRYING . . . . . . 130 132 129 131

1 1 ,1 2 . CONSTRUCTION ............................................................................. 4 ,6 0 0 4 ,7 1 3 4 , 553 4 ,6 6 5

1 3. ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES......................................................... 2 50 351 247 347

1 4. FOOD ANO KINORED PRODUCTS .................................................... 1 ,7 5 5 1,6 9 1 1 ,7 3 7 1 ,6 7 4

15. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES.......................... ..... 65 63 64 62

1 6. BROAO AND NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . 550 540 544 535

17. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . 120 123 119 122

18. APPAREL . ............................................................................................ 1 ,7 5 3 1 ,7 0 0 1,7 3 5 1 ,6 8 3

1 9. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS . . . 202 107 200 195

2 0 ,2 1 . LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS .............................................. 585 602 579 596

2 2 . HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ................................................................... 415 431 411 427

2 3 . OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES.............................................. 200 200 198 198

2 4 . PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS . • • • 555 550 549 544

2 5 . PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES .................................... 245 244 243 242

2 6. PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ........................................................ 1 ,2 4 0 1 ,2 2 5 1 ,2 2 8 1 ,2 1 3

2 7 . CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS. . . . 500 497 495 492

2 8 . PLASTICS ANO SYNTHETIC MATERIALS.................................... 275 277 272 274

2 9 . DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS..................... 335 320 332 317

3 0 . PAINTS AND ALLIED PROOUCTS.................................................... 75 76 74 75

3 1. PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES . • . 155 152 153 150

3 2 . RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS. . . 760 774 752 766

3 3. LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PROOUCTS . . 25 25 25 25

3 4 . FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS .......................... 310 300 307 297

3 5 . GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS......................................................... 215 218 213 216

3 6 . STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS . . .............................................. 575 593 569 587

3 7 . PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING.......................... 850 890 841 831

3 8 . PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING . . . . 490 520 485 515

3 9 . METAL CONTAINERS............................................................................. 80 78 79 77

4 0 . HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . • 605 628 599 621

4 1 . STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS ANO BOLTS. . . 400 420 396 416

4 2 . OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS .................................... 530 548 525 542

4 3 . ENGINES AND TURBINES................................................................... 120 12* 119 127

4 4 . FARM MACHINERY ANO EQUIPMENT......................................... ..... 170 177 168 175

4 5 . CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . . 220 230 218 228

4 6 . MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . 125 132 124 131

4 7 . METALWORKING MACHINERY ANO EQUIPMENT.......................... 380 414 376 410

4 8 . SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . . 245 259 243 256

4 9 . GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . 320 347 317 343

5 0 . MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS .............................................................. 285 310 282 307

5 1. OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES. . . . . . 400 433 396 428

5 2 . SERVICE INOUSTRY MACHINES .................................................... 180 190 178 188

5 3. ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . • . 450 523 475 518

5 4 . HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES................................................................... 210 210 208 217

5 5 . ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT..................... 245 256 243 253

5 6 . RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . • • 760 855 752 846

5 7 . ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES . . . . . 505 563 500 557

5 8 . MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . 130 134 129 133

5 9. MOTOR VEHICLES ANO EQUIPMENT.............................................. 900 932 891 922

6 0 . AIRCRAFT ANO PARTS........................................................................ 760 1 ,0 1 6 752 1 ,0 0 5

6 1 . OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT......................................... 350 391 346 387

6 2 . SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS..................... 370 403 3 66 404

6 3 . OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . • • 180 153 178 181

6 4. MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING .............................................. 485 484 480 47 q

6 5 . TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING. . . . ..................... 2 ,9 0 0 2 ,9 0 9 2 ,8 7 1 2 ,8 8 0

66. COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING............................... 970 9 5 T 960 947

6 7 . RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING ............................... 160 161 158 15°

68. ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES. . . . 710 698 703 691

6 9 . WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE.................................................... 1 7,6 25 1 7 ,6 3 9 1 7,4 50 1 7 ,4 6 4

7 0. FINANCE AND INSURANCE .............................................................. 3 ,5 3 0 3 ,4 4 7 3 ,4 9 4 3 ,4 1 ?

7 1 . REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL.............................................................. 730 712 723 705

7 2 . HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES, EXCEPT AUTO . • 2 ,6 0 0 2 ,4 8 8 2 ,5 7 5 2 ,4 6 4

7 3 ,7 4 . BUSINESS SERVICES,RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT . . . 4 ,0 0 5 4 ,0 4 5 3 ,9 6 7 4,0C 6

7 5 . AUTOMOBILE REPAIR ANO SERVICES......................................... 485 473 480 468

7 6 . AMUSEMENTS. . . . . ................................................................... 870 828 861 819

7 7 . MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS • • 7 ,9 0 0 7 ,5 3 1 7 ,8 2 1 7 ,4 5 6

7 8 . FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES2 .....................................

7 9 . STATE ANO LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES2 ....

8 4 . TOTAL GOVERNMENT2 .................................... V 1 6 ,8 0 0 1 6 ,2 0 0 1 6,6 32 1 6 ,0 3 8

TOTAL FEDERAL GOVERNMENT2 . . . . . . . . 3 ,0 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 2 ,9 7 0 2 ,9 7 0

TOTAL STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT 2 .... 1 3 ,8 0 0 1 3 ,2 0 0 1 3,6 62 1 3 ,0 6 8

86. HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY........................................................................ 2 ,8 0 0 2 ,8 0 0 2 ,7 7 0 2 ,7 7 0

TO T A L ...................................................................................................... 9 2 ,2 0 0 9 2 ,0 0 0 9 1 ,2 7 4 9 1 ,0 7 4

See footnotes on p. 130.

104

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-13. DIRECT REQUIREMENTS PER DOLLAR OF GROSS OUTPUT, 19801

(P rod u cers values - 1958 d o lla rs )2

Industry num ber and title 3

L ivestock

and

livestock

products

Other

a g ricu ltural

products

F o re stry

and

fish ery

products

A g ricu ltural,

fo re stry

and

fish ery

se rv ice s

Iron and 

fe rro a llo y 

o re s 

m ining

N on ferrous 

m etal o re s 

m ining

C oal

mining

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

I . LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS............................................... .17 0 91 40 .07 9 71 60 .04 0 29 40 .14 8 20 60 _ _ _

2 . OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ......................................................... .25 9 56 10 .01 9 75 80 .0 8 8 2 7 7 0 .34 7 65 60 - - -

3 . FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS .................................................... - - .0 0 8 5 3 2 0 - - - -

4 . AGRICULTURAL.FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES..................... .01 7 32 80 .02 7 41 90 .00 9 82 30 .0 0 0 4 2 2 0 - - -

5 . IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING ............................................... - - - - .07 9 39 30 .00 9 85 90 -

6 . NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING......................................................... - - - - .0303980 .16 0 41 70 -

7 . COAL MINING .................................................................................................. .00 0 23 40 .00 0 02 50 -

.0037040 .00 1 01 70 .11 9 30 40

8 . CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ............................................... _ - - - - - -

9 . STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING ..................................... .00 0 02 80 .00 2 88 30 - .0000010 - .0 0 0 05 60 .00 0 51 50

10. CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING...............................

- .00 1 35 50 .0 0 0 0 3 7 0 - - .0 0 0 94 60 .00 0 02 40

11. NEW CONSTRUCTION....................................................................................... - - - - - - -

12. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION ..................................... •0047810 .00 7 39 40 .00 0 17 50 .00 1 24 30 .0004960 .00 0 92 00 .0 0 0 8 6 1 0

13. ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES................................................................... - - - - - - -

1 4. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS .............................................................. .1 2 6 70 00 .0001210 .0 1 3 3 0 6 0 .00 4 75 40 ~

15. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES.............................................................................

_ _ - - - - -

16. BROAD AND NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . - .00 0 30 50 - - .00 0 11 50 .00 1 40 90 .0 0 0 66 50

1 7 . MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . .00 0 23 00 .0 0 1 19 80 .0 0 6 6 2 0 0 .00 3 97 90 - - -

18. APPAREL ............................................................................................................ - - - - - - -

1 9 . MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS ..................... .00 0 28 40 .00 1 36 10 - - - - -

20. LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS♦EXCEPT CONTAINERS..................... .00 0 07 10 .0 0 0 06 80 - - .00 4 59 70 .00 0 64 70 .00 6 82 50

21. WOODEN CONTAINERS .................................................................................. ~ .00 1 90 70 .0000210 - “

22. HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ............................................................................. - - - - - - -

2 3 . OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES......................................................... - - - - - - -

2 4 . PAPER AND ALLIED PROOUCTS, EXCEPT CONTAINERS .... - - .0 0 4 4 4 5 0 .0 0 1 2 5 7 0 .0000210 .00 0 39 80 .00 2 29 80

2 5 . PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES ............................................... .00 0 53 00 .0 0 0 11 30 .00 5 15 20 .0 0 3 9 4 5 0 - - .0 0 0 5 4 6 0

2 6 . PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ................................................................... .00 0 19 10 .00 0 31 70 .00 0 05 20 .0 0 0 01 60 .00 0 03 60 .00 0 31 70 .0 0 0 2 7 0 0

2 7 . CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS.......................... .00 1 98 20 .09 3 94 90 .00 4 13 30 .00 0 20 90 .01 0 19 80 .03 8 25 90 .00 0 83 20

2 8. PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS............................................... - - - - -

2 9 . DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS............................... .00 2 33 00 - - .0 0 0 0 3 4 0 .00 0 00 50 .00 0 08 80 -

3 0 . PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.............................................................. - - .0 0 1 0 5 6 0 - .00 0 00 80 .00 0 16 20 .0 0 0 3 3 4 0

3 1 . PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES ..................... .0013730 .02 7 04 00 .01 1 24 70 .00 1 67 40 .00 7 88 50 .00 7 40 30 .00 9 12 50

3 2 . RUBBER ANO MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS..................... .00 2 02 70 .02 5 44 30 .0 0 4 7 1 6 0 .00 0 23 50 .0011070 .00 2 96 20 .01 8 23 60

3 3 . LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . . - - - - - - -

3 4. FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ..................................... .00 0 02 80 .00 0 13 50 .00 0 00 70 .0000010 .0000020 •C0C0030 .00 0 00 30

3 5 . GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS................................................................... .00 0 12 70 - “

3 6 . STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS..................... ............................................. .00 0 04 00 .00 1 08 00 _ _ .00 4 95 40 .00 9 46 90 .00 2 27 50

3 7 . PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING....................................

- - - - .01 1 28 60 .03 1 30 80 .00 5 01 70

3 8. PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING .......................... .00 0 03 60 .00 0 03 30 - - .0013950 .00 8 17 90 .00 5 94 10

3 9 . METAL CONTAINERS....................................................................................... .00 0 19 10 .00 0 49 70 - - - - -

4 0 . HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PROOUCTS. . . - - - - .00 0 91 00 .00 0 36 70 .00 0 38 00

4 1 . STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS..................... .00 0 71 80 - - - .0001910 .00 0 39 90 .00 4 94 20

4 2 . OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS ............................................... .00 1 08 80 .00 1 65 00 .00 0 37 70 .00 5 70 90 .00 0 65 90 •0010400 .00 5 05 10

4 3 . ENGINES AND TURBINES.............................................................................

- -

.0 0 0 0 6 6 0 - .00 0 27 90 .00 0 38 50 -

4 4 . FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT......................................................... .00 0 38 60 .00 5 63 20 - - - - -

4 5 . CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY ....

- - - - .01 6 77 90 .02 3 47 10 .03 3 05 40

4 6 . MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT..................... - - - - .00 0 06 50 .00 0 38 30 .0 0 5 9 1 9 0

4 7 . METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT..................................... - - - - .00 0 06 00 .00 0 54 60 .00 3 49 90

4 8 . SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.......................... - - - - - .00 0 00 50 -

4 9 . GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT..................... - -

.00 0 35 20 .00 1 90 50 .0 0 1 8 1 9 0

5 0 . MACHINE SHOP PROOUCTS ........................................................................ .00 0 10 50 .00 0 17 30 - - .00 0 06 70 .00 0 10 70 .00 0 29 70

5 1 . OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES.......................... - - - - - - -

5 2. SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES .............................................................. - - - - - - -

5 3 . ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS .... - - - - .00 0 61 60 .00 3 85 50 .00 6 42 20

5 4 . HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES.............................................................................

- - - - - - -

5 5. ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT................................ .00 0 06 40 .00 0 04 50 .0 0 0 0 5 9 0 - .00 0 30 10 .00 0 41 20 .00 1 58 30

5 6 . RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . . . .0 0 0 0 0 3 0 - - - .00 0 93 80 - -

5 7 . ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ................................ _ - _ - - - -

5 8 . MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . .00 0 30 20 .00 0 98 00 - - .00 0 19 30 .00 0 14 20 .0 0 0 1 0 6 0

5 9 . MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT......................................................... .00 0 83 10 .00 1 35 70 - - .0023830 .00 0 78 50 .00 2 10 70

6 0 . AIRCRAFT AND PARTS.................................................................................. - - - - - - -

6 1 . OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.................................................... - .00 0 10 60 .00 9 06 20 - .0015290 - .00 3 40 60

6 2 . SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS................................ - - - - .00 0 16 40 .00 0 35 90 .00 0 05 60

6 3. OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . . . - " .00 0 04 50 .00 0 05 40 .00 0 01 50

6 4 . MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING ......................................................... .00 0 04 40 .0000210 .00 1 29 20 .00 0 33 50 .00 0 00 90 .0 0 0 00 50 .00 1 47 50

6 5 . TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING.................................................... .01 3 95 70 .00 8 93 00 .00 9 58 30 .00 5 93 20 .08 5 62 90 .02 3 68 70 .00 3 53 00

66. COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING.......................................... .00 2 48 40 .00 3 84 70 .0 0 2 1 7 6 0 .00 5 14 70 .00 1 58 70 .00 1 96 00 .00 0 93 40

6 7 . RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING .......................................... - - - - - - -

68. ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES.......................... .00 6 71 10 .01 4 82 40 .0 0 0 2 6 0 0 .00 0 77 50 .06 6 37 80 .07 1 85 10 .05 1 72 50

6 9 . WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE.............................................................. .03 7 96 10 .05 7 14 10 .01 3 59 30 .00 1 95 20 .01 2 55 40 .0256650 .03 1 79 30

7 0 . FINANCE AND INSURANCE ........................................................................ .0 0 7 93 90 .01 0 98 20 .01 5 59 00 .00 3 21 80 .00 4 50 50 .0127330 .00 9 56 70

7 1 . REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL........................................................................ .00 7 27 30 .05 2 37 10 .0 1 9 7 2 2 0 .00 9 58 70 .05 5 92 10 .0192210 .0 2 0 3 9 7 0

7 2. HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERV ICES,EXCEPT AUTO . . - - - - .00 0 70 50 .00 0 83 80 .00 0 23 80

7 3 . BUSINESS SERVICES .................................................................................. .00 2 36 60 .03 6 36 20 .0 5 9 0 1 0 0 .00 3 20 90 .00 5 19 90 .00 7 08 80 .00 5 95 70

7 4 . RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT................................................................... - - - - .00 0 39 50 .00 0 33 70 .0 0 0 24 60

7 5 . AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES.................................................... .00 1 96 10 .0 0 1 94 00 - - - - .00 0 61 20

7 6 . AMUSEMENTS....................................................................................................... - - - - .00 0 01 90 .00 0 02 30 .00 0 00 50

7 7. MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS . . .00 6 42 50 .0 0 0 62 40 .00 0 58 10 .00 0 68 70 .00 0 76 20 .00 0 99 70 .00 1 17 60

7 8. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES.................................................... .00 0 13 50 .00 0 13 00 .00 0 48 20 .00 0 62 20 .00 0 56 90 .00 0 74 50 .0 0 0 95 50

7 9. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES............................... .00 0 01 80 .00 0 03 10 .0 0 0 0 5 2 0 .00 0 11 50 .00 0 06 80 .00 0 29 20 .00 0 22 80

8 0 . GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES ..................................... .01 0 29 80 .01 0 04 50 .36 1 93 40 .00 0 04 50 .30 3 99 30 .17 9 42 40 .0 0 0 7 9 1 0

8 1 . BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT AND GIFTS .......................... .00 0 50 40 .00 0 87 40 .00 0 50 90 .00 0 59 00 .00 2 82 90 .00 3 18 40 .0 0 3 0 0 1 0

8 2 . OFFICE SUPPLIES ....................................................................................... .00 0 04 40 .0001210 .00 0 33 60 .00 0 04 50 .00 0 18 30 .0002500 .00 0 29 60

TOTAL4 ................................................................................................................. I .69 0 60 30 1 .50 0 30 30 .6 9 2 5 5 6 0 .55 1 62 10 .72 2 43 60 .65 6 33 40 .37 4 65 30

See footnotes on p. 131.

105

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-13. DIRECT REQUIREMENTS PER DOLLAR OF CROSS OUTPUT, 19801— Continued

(Producers values - 1958 dollars)2

Industry num ber and title 3

Crude

petroleum

and

natural

gas

Stone and 

clay

m ining and 

quarrying

C hem ical

and

fe r tiliz e r

m in eral

m ining

New

construction

Maintenance 

and repair 

construction

Ordnance

and

a cce s s o rie s

F ood and 

kindred 

products

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

I . LIVESTOCK AN0 LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS..................................... _ _ _ _ _ _ .22 6 43 40

2 . OTHER AGRICULTURAL PROOUCTS ............................................... - - - .0 0 4 2 9 5 0 - -

.0 7 1 9 9 6 0

3 . FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS .......................................... - - - - - - .00 4 20 20

4 . AGRICULTURAL,FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES. . . . . - - - - - - -

5 . IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING ..................................... - .00 0 24 90 .00 0 60 60 - - - -

6 . NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING............................................... - .00 0 59 00 .00 0 51 20 - - - -

7 . COAL MINING ....................................................................................... .00 0 01 70 .00 1 68 20 .0 0 0 8 3 6 0 " .0 0 0 6 4 5 0

8 . CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ..................................... .06 6 43 00 _ .0 0 2 0 3 6 0 - _ _ _

9 . STONE ANO CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING .......................... - .00 7 32 10 .0 1 5 9 7 4 0 .0 1 2 5 0 6 0 .0062950 -

.00 0 05 60

10. CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING..................... - .00 0 41 90 .0 5 7 4 5 5 0 - - -

.0 0 0 1 3 4 0

U . NEW CONSTRUCTION............................................................................. - - - - - - -

12. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION .......................... .00 0 37 90 .0012000 .00 0 55 80 .00 0 12 50 .00 0 05 80 .00 1 58 60 .0 0 1 9 1 0 0

1 3. ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES......................................................... - - - .0 0 0 0 6 9 0 - .06 3 07 60 -

1 4. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS .................................................... .0 0 0 0 9 7 0 .00 0 25 00 - - .1 8 2 5 6 0 0

1 5. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES................................................................... _ _ _ _ _ _ .0 0 0 0 0 7 0

1 6. BROAD AND NARROW FABRICStYARN ANO THREAD MILLS. . . - - .0 0 0 3 1 5 0 - - -

.0 0 0 1 1 9 0

1 7. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOOOS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . .00 0 20 60 .00 0 02 90 - .00 0 07 00 .0000630 .00 0 10 50 .00 0 00 90

18. APPAREL .................................................................................................. - - - - - .00 0 53 40 .0 0 0 5 6 6 0

1 9. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS . . . - - - - .00 0 03 90 - .0 0 1 3 9 2 0

20. LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS, EXCEPT CONTAINERS. . . .00 0 51 80 .00 0 01 80 .00 0 40 30 .0 5 3 4 8 5 0 .0228660 .00 0 23 70 .0 0 0 0 5 5 0

21. WOODEN CONTAINERS ........................................................................ - - -

.00 0 41 80 .0 0 0 6 7 5 0

22. HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ................................................................... _ _ - .00 4 60 60 _ .0000120 _

2 3 . OTHER FURNITURE ANO FIXTURES............................................... - - - .0 0 4 75 10 .00 0 70 30 - -

2 4 . PAPER AND ALLIED PRODuCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . .00 0 41 50 .00 8 37 00 .0 0 5 10 60 .0 0 6 5 4 1 0 .00 4 02 20 .00 1 46 90 .00 5 14 70

2 5 . PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AnD BOXES ..................................... .0000510 .0 0 1 87 20 .00 0 86 80 - - .0033760 .01 5 82 50

2 6 . PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ......................................................... .00 0 07 80 .00 0 32 00 .00 0 04 60 .00 0 15 40 .00 0 07 50 .00 2 04 90 .00 1 92 90

2 7 . CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS. . . . .0 0 3 63 80 .00 6 34 80 .01 5 67 50 .00 6 89 20 .00 4 26 90 .00 2 28 00 .00 3 80 90

2 8 . PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS.................................... - - - - - - .00 2 20 30

2 9 . DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS..................... .00 0 07 30 .00 0 12 40 .0 0 0 1 8 3 0 _ _ .00 0 63 80 .00 4 82 40

3 0 . PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.................................................... .00 0 47 20 - - .00 5 14 90 .0491090 .00 0 50 60 .0 0 0 0 9 5 0

3 1 . PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES . . . .0 0 3 69 00 .01 8 12 70 .0 0 5 9 9 5 0 .01 4 22 60 .0196320 .00 2 15 90 .00 2 90 90

3 2 . RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS. . . .00 2 84 10 .01 8 32 30 .0 0 3 5 1 9 0 .00 6 31 60 .00 3 94 40 .04 2 42 60 .01 2 65 30

3 3 . LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . . - - - - - - .0000020

3 4 . FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS .......................... .00 0 00 30 .00 0 00 30 .0 0 0 0 0 4 0 .0 0 0 02 70 .00 0 00 30 .00 0 03 30 .0 0 0 0 0 3 0

3 5 . GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS......................................................... .0 0 0 0 3 7 0 - .00 1 68 30 .00 4 74 70 .0 0 0 88 90 .0 0 6 7 6 9 0

3 6 . STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS ......................................................... .0 0 0 35 70 .06 2 34 20 .0 0 0 4 9 0 0 .07 9 13 20 .0323440 .00 2 69 50 .00 0 04 30

3 7 . PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING.......................... .00 0 26 30 .01 3 64 80 .0 1 2 3 8 7 0 .03 8 08 40 .0128230 .01 1 44 80 .0000220

3 8 . PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING .... .00 0 64 20 .00 1 07 60 .00 3 07 60 .03 0 85 40 .0177150 .06 4 15 40 .00 1 35 10

3 9 . METAL CONTAINERS............................................................................. - - - - - -

.02 2 04 00

4 0 . HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . . .00 0 56 60 .00 0 00 90 .00 0 17 80 .0 8 6 8 4 1 0 .04 6 93 00 .00 0 19 40 -

4 1 . STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS. . . .00 0 43 90 .0 0 0 12 50 .0 0 0 6 3 9 0 .0 0 1 7 5 0 0 .00 1 07 30 .00 5 71 10 .00 1 97 50

4 2 . OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS ..................................... .0 0 4 50 70 .00 0 57 70 .0 0 0 8 2 4 0 .01 5 56 90 .0030630 .01 0 15 30 .00 1 30 40

4 3 . ENGINES AND TURBINES................................................................... .00 1 26 50 .0000010 .00 0 27 30 .00 0 05 60 .0000200 .00 0 97 00 _

4 4 . FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT............................................... - .0000120 - .00 0 04 20 - .00 0 88 90 -

4 5 . CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . . .00 3 25 60 .03 3 72 30 .0 1 8 5 3 8 0 .00 3 00 10 .0011450 .00 0 38 90 -

4 6 . MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . - .0 1 6 70 20 .0 0 4 8 8 8 0 .00 6 59 00 .0005810 .00 0 01 70 -

4 7 . METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.......................... .0 0 0 00 50 .00 0 06 80 .0000200 .00 0 02 80 .0000110 .01 0 97 50 .00 0 20 70

4 8 . SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . . .00 0 54 00 - - - - .00 1 00 50 .0000010

4 9 . GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . .00 7 28 50 .00 3 35 40 .0 0 1 4 4 7 0 .00 6 48 30 .00 1 15 90 .00 6 57 40 .00 0 02 80

5 0. MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS .............................................................. .00 0 05 60 .00 0 46 00 .0 0 0 2 5 5 0 .0 0 0 0 5 7 0 .00 0 03 50 .05 8 87 00 .0000200

5 1 . OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES. . . . . . - - - - - .00 2 48 50 .COOOIOC

5 2. SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES .................................................... - - - .0 2 0 3 1 0 0 .0041280 .0 0 4 1 8 8 0 .00 0 00 30

5 3 . ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . . .00 2 48 20 .00 2 37 40 .00 5 02 10 .0 0 8 4 8 0 0 .0048340 .02 2 62 00 .00 0 12 70

5 4 . HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES................................................................... - - - .01 1 52 60 .0056010 .00 0 29 10 -

5 5 . ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT..................... .00 0 06 70 .00 0 08 60 .0 0 0 0 4 8 0 .01 6 29 80 .00 8 41 30 .01 2 29 60 .0 0 0 3 6 0 0

5 6 . RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . • • - -

.0 0 0 5 6 8 0 .0021940 .07 3 48 90 -

5 7 . ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ..................... .00 2 16 60 _ - .0 0 0 1 1 8 0 .0000180 .00 8 26 60 _

5 8 . MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT . . .0001100 .00 0 18 70 .0 0 0 1 0 7 0 .00 0 29 80 .00 0 31 20 .00 0 31 30 .0 0 0 0 5 9 0

5 9 . MOTOR VEHICLES ANO EQUIPMENT............................................... .00 0 83 20 .00 0 95 80 .0 0 2 2 1 7 0 .0 0 0 0 4 1 0 .0000140 .00 4 36 80 .0000100

6 0 . AIRCRAFT AND PARTS........................................................................ - - - - - .2 7 3 33 80 -

6 1 . OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.......................................... - .00 0 13 80 .0 0 0 2 8 5 0 .0 0 0 0 5 5 0 - .00 2 86 70 -

6 2 . SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS..................... .00 0 05 80 .0002220 .0 0 0 1 9 6 0 .00 4 10 90 .0010230 .01 8 46 00 .0000020

6 3 . OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . • • .00 0 00 30 .0000600 .0 0 0 0 5 3 0 - - .00 0 65 50

6 4 . MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING ............................................... .00 0 04 10 .00 0 37 90 .0 0 0 2 0 9 0 .00 1 79 70 .00 2 96 40 .00 2 64 20 .0 0 0 4 8 5 0

6 5 . TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING.......................................... .02 3 89 30 .01 5 25 70 .06 1 51 50 .0 3 3 9 5 8 0 .0166610 .01 0 09 10 .03 0 58 30

66. COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING............................... .00 0 26 00 .00 2 16 50 .0 0 2 4 2 5 0 .0 0 2 3 1 1 0 .0012030 .00 6 19 80 .00 4 13 20

6 7 . RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING ............................... . . - - - - - - -

68. ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES. . . . .01 9 36 80 .06 7 86 80 .06 4 77 20 .00 2 94 50 .00 2 30 60 .00 3 90 50 .00 7 35 60

6 9 . WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE.................................................... .01 2 67 80 .03 9 19 00 .02 4 95 30 .09 8 07 40 .08 3 38 20 .03 0 05 00 .03 5 99 70

7 0 . FINANCE AND INSURANCE .............................................................. .00 9 46 00 .01 0 53 20 .0 0 5 8 7 7 0 .00 8 46 10 .00 2 81 90 .00 8 30 20 .0 0 5 13 80

7 1 . REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL.............................................................. .15 5 88 00 .02 3 37 50 .0 0 9 6 9 8 0 .00 3 76 00 .0019220 .0040730 .00 4 16 20

7 2 . HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES,EXCEPT AUTO . . .00 0 03 80 .00 0 95 30 .00 0 84 70 - - .00 0 83 30 .0 0 0 5 8 8 0

7 3 . BUSINESS SERVICES ........................................................................ .03 3 65 30 .0100010 .0 0 8 8 5 8 0 .0 4 9 3 3 5 0 .00 4 14 40 .02 6 06 90 .03 1 26 90

7 4 . RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT......................................................... - .00 0 25 30 - .0 0 0 2 3 6 0 .00 0 24 40 .00 0 77 70 .00 0 65 20

7 5 . auto m obile r e p a ir and s e r v ic e s .......................................... .00 1 49 80 .00 0 22 90 - .00 5 09 30 .0013530 - . C06188C

7 6 . AMUSEMENTS............................................................................................. .0000010 .0000210 .0000220 - - .00 0 02 90 .0 0 0 0 1 7 0

7 7 . MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS • • .0010150 .00 1 09 20 .00 1 02 60 .0011220 .00 0 68 70 .00 1 17 00 .00 1 18 00

7 8 . FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES.......................................... -

.00 0 59 40 .0 0 0 7 7 1 0 _ _ .00 0 80 90 .00 0 45 30

7 9. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES..................... .00 0 40 30 .00 0 93 80 .00 0 31 40 .00 0 25 10 .0001330 .00 0 14 00 .00 0 46 30

8 0 . GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES .......................... .10 3 62 10 .05 9 55 60 .11 6 52 60 - - .01 4 24 20 .02 7 55 00

8 1. BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT AND GIFTS .... .00 4 65 40 .00 3 63 30 .0 0 6 7 3 9 0 .00 3 27 00 .0016750 .01 4 89 70 .00 4 02 20

8 2 . OFFICE SUPPLIES ............................................................................. .00 0 33 50 .00 0 30 40 .0 0 0 5 3 5 0 .00 0 34 70 .00 0 17 80 .00 1 37 70 .00 0 55 30

TOTAL4....................................................................................................... .47 0 54 50 .43 7 45 70 .46 6 21 70 .66 2 39 50 .3789320 .84 5 07 70 .73 5 27 80

See footnotes on p. 131.

1 0 6

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-13. DIRECT REQUIREMENTS PER DOLLAR OF GROSS OUTPUT, 19801— Continued

(Producers values - 1958 dollars)2

Industry num ber and title 3

T obacco 

manuf ac - 

tures

B road and 

narrow 

fa b rics, 

yarn and 

thread 

m ills

M isc e lla ­

neous 

textile 

goods and 

flo o r

coverin gs

A pparel

M isce lla ­

neous

fabricated

textile

products

Lum ber and 

wood 

products, 

except 

contain ers

W ooden

contain ers

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

I . LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS..............................................

_

.00 4 49 80 .00 5 86 50 _ _ _ _

2 . OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ......................................................... .1428390 .04 1 03 60 .00 1 30 80 .0 0 0 5 8 2 0 - .02 3 17 10 -

3 . FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS .................................................... - - - .0 0 5 4 7 3 0 .00 0 37 30 .06 6 58 40 -

4 . AGRICULTURAL,FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES..................... - - - - - .00 0 94 40 -

5 . IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING .............................................. - - - - - - -

6 . NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING......................................................... - - - - - .00 0 02 90 -

7 . COAL MINING ................................................................................................. .00 0 23 40 .00 1 47 30 .0 0 0 62 00 .00 0 04 70 .00 0 19 50 -

8 . CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ..............................................

_ _ _ _ _ _ _

9 . STONE AND CLAY h I n ING AND QUARRYING .................................... - - .0000200 - - .00 0 01 70 -

10. CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING..................... ..... . - .00 0 06 60 .0 0 0 00 90 .0000220 - .00 0 00 90 -

11. NEW CONSTRUCTION....................................................................................... - - - - - - -

12. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION .................................... .00 0 05 30 .00 0 61 80 .0 0 0 1 5 2 0 .0 0 0 54 70 .0001450 .00 1 74 60 .0 0 0 0 8 7 0

13. ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES..................... ............................................ - - - - .0000030 - -

1* . FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS .............................................................. .00 5 87 50 .00 2 10 90 .00 1 24 00 - -

.0000110 -

1 5 . TOBACCO MANUFACTURES............................................................................. .15 4 94 20 _ _ - - - -

1 6 . BROAD AND NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . .00 0 18 80 .35 8 82 20 .1 8 0 0 0 7 0 .26 4 13 10 .39 0 90 60 - -

17. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . - .02 1 29 30 .10 1 28 60 .00 5 00 00 .08 0 58 70 .00 0 19 60 -

18. APPAREL ........................................................................................................... - .00 1 39 00 .0 0 2 5 8 0 0 .1 5 9 6 0 0 0 .0083130 .0 0 1 1 3 7 0 .0 0 0 0 1 5 0

1 9 . MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS ..................... - .00 2 79 60 .00 4 34 10 .01 1 29 60 .0626230 .00 0 15 50 -

20. LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS, EXCEPT CONTAINERS..................... .00 0 22 40 .0001200 .00 0 01 40 - .0000080 .26 2 05 00 .3 5 1 5 6 7 0

21. WOODEN CONTAINERS .................................................................................. .00 0 69 00 “

.0000020 .00 1 04 10 .0 3 2 1 3 7 0

22. HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ............................................................................. _ .0000130 .00 2 08 20 .00 0 00 30 .00 2 46 90 .00 1 77 40 .0 0 4 9 7 7 0

2 3 . OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES............................... .....

- .00 0 00 30 - - .0018970 .00 0 24 90 .00 0 79 90

2 4. PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS .... .0116880 .00 1 51 30 .0 1 0 3 0 7 0 .00 0 97 40 .0126090 .00 6 71 30 .0 0 1 8 0 8 0

2 5. PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES ............................................... .01 1 86 60 .00 7 73 80 .00 5 99 50 .0062CGC .0096310 .00 4 14 90 .00 2 22 70

2 6 . PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ................................................................... .0 0 2 20 40 .0007610 .00 0 47 00 .00 0 96 00 .0012600 .00 3 72 00 .00 2 15 80

2 7. CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS.......................... .00 0 88 70 .04 6 17 40 .00 2 92 00 .0 0 9 0 4 1 0 .0002410 .00 8 80 50 .00 0 01 80

2 8. PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS.............................................. .02 0 37 50 .19 8 42 60 .22 1 93 00 .01 7 63 30 - .01 0 62 20 -

2 9 . DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS............................... .00 1 35 60 .00 2 26 70 .00 0 45 00 .00 0 09 40 .00 0 77 90 .00 1 12 70 .0 0 0 5 9 2 0

3 0 . PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.............................................................. .00 0 02 60 .00 0 34 90 .0 0 0 49 00 .00 0 02 50 .00 0 18 40 .00 5 47 00 .0 0 0 9 3 7 0

3 1 . PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES ..................... .00 0 03 80 .00 2 21 40 .0 0 1 4 1 7 0 .00 0 39 60 .00 0 93 10 .00 9 57 40 .00 6 06 90

3 2. RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS..................... .00 6 26 80 .01 2 15 40 .04 3 28 10 .00 5 09 00 .0914980 .00 6 20 80 .00 1 84 30

3 3 . LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . . .00 0 02 60 .0001120 .00 0 08 20 .00 1 93 70 .0000050 - -

3 4. FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ..................................... .0000010 .0000230 .00 0 30 60 .00 0 65 70 .00 2 22 80 .00 0 05 20 .00 0 00 60

3 5. GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS................................................................... .01 4 74 60 .00 1 43 80 .0000020 .00 0 01 40 .00 1 12 40

3 6 . STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS ................................................................... .00 0 00 60 .00 0 23 70 .00 0 77 90 .0000110 - .00 3 72 80 .0 0 1 5 0 4 0

3 7. PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING. . . . . . . .

- .00 0 35 30 .00 0 45 10 .00 0 06 40 .00 0 34 50 .0000370 .0 3 9 3 8 0 0

3 8 . PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING .......................... .0011320 .00 0 22 90 .00 0 21 30 - .0000330 .00 1 10 80 -

3 9 . METAL CONTAINERS....................................................................................... .00 1 27 20 - .00 0 00 40 - - - .0 0 0 0 4 6 0

4 0 . HtATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . . - .00 0 04 70 - - .0000080 .00 0 35 00 .0 0 0 5 1 9 0

4 1 . STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS..................... .00 0 05 10 .00 0 09 50 .00 0 09 30 - .00 0 23 80 .00 2 06 60 .00 1 81 40

4 2 . OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS ............................................... .00 1 48 60 .00 0 80 60 .00 1 05 50 .0 0 1 19 70 .0019530 .00 7 57 60 .0 0 6 3 8 0 0

4 3 . ENGINES AND TURBINES............................................................................. - - _ _ _ _ -

4 4 . FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT......................................................... - - .00 0 29 80 - - .00 0 02 60 -

4 5 . CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY .... - - - - - .0000010 -

46. MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY ANO EQUIPMENT..................... - - .0 0 0 0 0 4 0 - - .00 0 57 60 -

4 7 . METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT..................................... .00 0 05 60 .00 0 19 60 .0 0 0 1 9 2 0 .00 0 00 70 .00 0 17 80 .00 0 14 50 .0 0 0 3 1 1 0

4 8 . SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.......................... - .00 4 08 00 .00 0 55 10 .0000020 - .00 1 32 60 .0 0 3 4 9 2 0

4 9 . GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT..................... .00 0 03 50 .0001100 .00 0 10 30 .00 0 01 50 .00 0 50 30 .00 1 24 30 .00 0 31 00

5 0. MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ........................................................................ .0000270 .00 0 03 60 .00 0 03 70 .0000010 .0001010 .00 0 44 80 .00 0 46 70

5 1 . OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES.......................... - - - - .00 0 00 80 - -

5 2 . SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES .............................................................. - - - - .00 0 00 90 .0000010 -

5 3. ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS .... .00 0 00 80 .00 0 05 60 .00 0 05 70 .00C01CC - .00 0 03 30 -

54. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES............................................................................. - - - - - - -

5 5. ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT............................... .00 0 10 40 .00 0 25 80 .00 0 19 50 - .00 0 04 30 .00 1 18 70 .00 2 06 70

5 6. RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . . . - " - - - -

5 7. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ...............................

_ _ _ _ .0000110 _ _

5 8. MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . .0000060 .00 0 00 80 .0 0 0 0 0 7 0 .0 0 0 0 0 3 0 .0000170 .00 0 09 60 .0001000

5 9 . MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT......................................................... - - .0 0 0 3 6 7 0 - - .00 0 05 80 -

6 0 . AIRCRAFT AND PARTS.................................................................................. - - .00 0 27 70 - .0003040 .00 0 03 00 -

6 1 . OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.................................................... - - - •OOCQ03C - .00 0 66 50 .0 0 0 2 0 6 0

6 2. SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS............................... - .0000020 .00 0 01 80 .00 0 15 30 .0039970 .00 0 01 90 -

6 3 . OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . . . - .00 0 02 40 .00 0 00 40 “ "

6 4 . MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING ......................................................... .00 1 14 20 .00 1 56 60 .00 7 82 30 .01 8 72 70 .0171100 .00 1 55 50 .00 0 49 30

6 5 . TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING.................................................... .01 1 51 60 .01 9 48 60 .02 7 16 00 .00 7 50 60 .00 8 95 40 .04 2 02 80 .03 4 16 20

66. COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING.......................................... .00 0 64 90 .00 2 28 70 .0 0 3 5 2 2 0 .00 4 04 50 .0026500 .00 4 22 20 .0 0 2 3 7 2 0

6 7. RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING .......................................... - - - - - - -

68. ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER ANO SANITARY SERVICES.......................... .00 1 43 90 .01 3 13 90 .00 8 08 20 .0 0 3 91 20 .0042640 .01 6 39 20 .02 1 80 40

6 9 . WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE.......................... ..... .......................... .0117430 .03 3 88 90 .04 5 66 00 .03 6 41 50 .04 7 25 90 .0431530 .04 9 57 50

70. FINANCE AND INSURANCE ........................................................................ .0020000 .00 5 77 30 .0 0 7 6 8 1 0 .0 0 6 3 9 6 0 .00 4 30 10 .00 5 89 70 .00 5 98 50

7 1. REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL........................................................................ .00 1 17 70 .00 4 14 50 .0 0 6 2 2 1 0 .0 1 0 4 9 5 0 .00 9 74 60 .00 5 83 70 .0 0 8 6 6 5 0

7 2. HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES,EXCEPT AUTO . . .00 0 41 90 .00 1 59 50 .0 0 1 10 80 .00 2 55 90 .00 1 54 70 .00 1 78 00 .00 2 54 70

7 3. BUSINESS SERVICES .................................................................................. .04 0 57 80 .01 3 04 90 .01 0 53 50 .01 3 38 40 .0081560 .00 8 22 60 .00 8 28 80

7 4 . RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT................................................................... .00 1 45 00 .00 0 32 40 .00 0 26 50 .00 0 32 40 .0003800 - -

7 5. AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES.................................................... .00 0 73 50 .00 0 67 90 .0 0 0 5 3 4 0 .0 0 0 27 50 .0015100 .01 5 35 00 .0 1 5 4 5 2 0

7 6 . amusements...................................................................................................... .00 0 00 90 .00 0 03 40 .0 0 0 0 2 6 0 .00 0 05 60 .0CC0370 .00 0 03 90 .00 0 05 60

7 7 . MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS . . .0011860 .00 1 23 50 .00 1 03 30 .00 1 37 30 .0010810 .00 1 18 10 .00 1 27 70

7 8 . FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES.................................................... .0020360 .00 0 72 70 .00 1 09 70 .00 1 73 00 .0013000 .00 0 36 70 .00 0 86 80

7 9 . STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES............................... .00 0 05 90 .00 0 22 70 .00 0 20 40 .00 0 09 00 .00 0 28 60 .00 0 63 10 .00 0 51 70

8 0. GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES .................................... .00 3 01 40 .03 0 87 00 .1 2 5 4 2 3 0 .00 3 77 20 .0026700 .07 8 80 60 .01 2 01 60

8 1 . BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT AND G I F T S .......................... .0013020 .00 2 93 40 .00 3 10 40 .00 5 03 70 .0051610 .00 5 25 20 .0 0 6 4 4 6 0

8 2 . OFFICE SUPPLIES ....................................................................................... .00 0 20 60 .00 0 57 80 .0 0 0 5 1 4 0 .0 0 0 9 0 2 0 .00 0 73 80 .00 0 46 10 .00 0 58 50

TOTAL 4................................................................................................................. .44 4 62 30 .85 9 78 80 .8 4 3 3 0 3 0 .60 8 18 00 .7916020 .66 8 76 80 .63 2 94 40

See footnotes on p. 131.

107

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-13. DIRECT REQUIREMENTS PER DOLLAR OF GROSS OUTPUT, 1980^Continued

(P rod u cers values - 1958 d o lla rs )2

Industry num ber and title 3

H ousehold

furniture

Other

furniture

and

fixtu res

P aper and 

allied 

produ cts, 

except 

contain ers

P aperboard 

contain ers 

and boxes

Printing

and

publishing

C h em icals

and

selected

ch em ica l

products

P la stics

and

synthetic

m ateria ls

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

1 . LIVESTOCK ANO LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS....................................

_ _ _ _ _

2 . OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ............................... . . .

- - - - - .00 1 07 70 -

3 . FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS .......................................... - - - - - .00 5 81 00 -

4 . AGRICULTURAL»FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES. . . - - - - - - -

5 . IRON ANO FERROALLOY ORES MINING .................................... - - - - - .00 4 48 70 -

6 . NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING............................................... - - - - - .00 4 51 40 -

7 . COAL MINING ........................................................................................ .00 0 33 50 - .0 0 1 5 8 5 0 .00015CC - .00 5 08 10 .00 1 37 10

8 . CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ..................................... - - - - -

.00 1 88 10 _

9 . STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING ..........................

- - .0 0 3 3 5 0 0 - - .00 1 55 80 .0 0 0 1 1 4 0

1 0 . CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING. ....

- - .0 0 1 4 9 3 0 - - .03 6 29 30 .0 0 0 1 1 4 0

1 1. NEW CONSTRUCTION............................................................................. - - - - - - -

1 2 . MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION .......................... .00 0 55 60 . OC02950 .0 0 3 4 6 3 0 .0 0 3 5 0 0 0 .00 3 42 10 .00 0 47 50 .00 6 00 10

1 3. ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES......................................................... - - - .00 0 36 30 .00 0 44 10 - -

1 4 . FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS .................................................... .00 8 35 40 .00 0 06 60 .0 0 6 0 6 6 0 .00 0 06 30 .00 9 85 00 .0 0 3 3 8 4 0

1 5 . TOBACCO MANUFACTURES................................................................... - -

.00 0 00 40 .0000120 _ - _

1 6 . BROAD AND NARROW FABRICS »YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . .05 6 66 80 .00 1 91 30 .0 0 5 4 9 7 0 - .00 0 06 30 .00 0 08 00 .00 0 92 00

1 7. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . .01 3 79 60 .01 7 94 50 .0 0 1 6 0 8 0 - .00 1 46 60 .00 0 17 00 .00 0 18 10

1 8 . APPAREL .................................................................................................. .00 0 31 70 .00 0 94 90 .0 0 0 6 0 4 0 .00 0 82 70 .0000010 .00 0 39 20 •C00418C

1 9 . MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS . . . .00 1 15 90 .00 0 89 10 .0 0 2 0 4 1 0 .00 0 07 90 - .00 2 12 70 -

2 0 . LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS, EXCEPT CONTAINERS. . . .11 0 86 80 .04 6 32 00 .0 4 6 6 5 3 0 .00 0 78 10 .00 0 03 90 .00 2 23 80 .0 0 0 2 1 6 0

2 1 . WOODEN CONTAINERS ........................................................................ .00 0 06 00 .00 0 02 30 •0002230 .00 0 24 20 .0000010 .00 0 10 90 . C00092C

2 2 . HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ................................................................... .01 2 35 40 .02 3 45 40 .00 0 01 40 - - - .0 0 0 0 0 7 0

2 3 . OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES............................................... .00 5 38 40 .01 4 28 30 .0001010 - .00 0 28 40 .0000010 .0 0 0 0 0 6 0

2 4 . PAPER AND ALLIED PROOUCTS* EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . .00 3 54 40 .00 3 38 00 .1 7 7 0 4 1 0 .38 7 38 30 .18 2 69 80 .00 9 57 30 .0 3 4 2 4 6 0

2 5 . PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES .................................... .01 8 55 30 .01 8 65 10 .0 2 6 2 6 3 0 .04 0 42 60 .00 5 01 10 .00 5 74 30 •005444C

2 6 . PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ......................................................... .00 0 36 90 .00 1 02 60 .0 0 9 6 7 0 0 .00 6 95 90 .13 1 90 80 .00 2 48 10 .0011110

2 7 . CHEMICALS ANO SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS. . . . .00 0 06 40 .00 0 16 00 .0 3 4 4 0 4 0 .00 2 40 70 .01 8 09 90 .19 7 29 80 .38 0 70 60

2 8 . PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS..................................... .00 0 34 10 .0011110 .0 2 0 4 0 2 0 .00 7 36 10 .0402940 .03 2 22 80

2 9 . DRUGS,CLEANING ANO TOILET PREPARATIONS..................... .00 0 03 60 .00 0 04 50 .00 2 12 30 .00 1 71 10 .00 0 52 00 .01 7 50 90 .01 1 88 70

3 0 . PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.............................................. . .02 1 29 70 .01 7 17 00 .0 0 0 2 5 8 0 - - .00 3 60 80 .0 0 6 4 0 7 0

3 1 . PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES . . . .0 0 2 10 70 .00 1 99 80 .0 0 9 9 3 9 0 .00 5 00 50 .00 0 88 10 .04 6 93 70 .0 1 2 5 5 2 0

3 2 . RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS. . . .0 8 9 32 80 .03 4 43 20 .0 4 4 8 7 8 0 .02 1 42 20 .00 2 40 60 .00 6 82 20 •017541C

3 3 . LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . . .00 0 80 50 .00 0 93 30 - - - .00 0 00 50 -

3 4 . FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS .......................... .00 0 26 30 .0000100 .0 0 0 0 8 3 0 .0001220 .00 0 03 70 .0000100 .0000010

3 5 . GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS......................................................... .0 1 3 84 90 .03 6 58 80 .00 0 04 30 .00 1 84 80 - .00 1 42 10 .00 0 26 20

3 6 . STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS............................................... .00 2 56 60 .00 1 71 40 .00 4 61 70 .0 0 0 0 6 1 0 .00 0 01 40 .00 2 98 70 •C00397C

3 7 . PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING. ..... .02 1 38 90 .11 8 32 60 .00 0 09 30 .00 0 52 60 - .00 3 92 00 -

3 8 . PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING .... .0 1 1 44 90 .01 5 87 30 .00 1 50 70 .00 0 13 50 .00 1 05 90 .01 4 01 20 .0 0 0 3 4 2 0

3 9 . METAL CONTAINERS............................................................................. .00 0 00 60 - .00 0 04 70 .0 0 3 8 1 0 0 .0000020 .00 6 63 20 .0 0 1 1 4 3 0

4 0 . HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . . .0 0 3 2 2 0 0 .01 2 85 90 .0 0 0 0 3 8 0 - - .00 0 16 30 .0 0 0 2 3 4 0

4 1 . STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PROOUCTS AND BOLTS. . . .0 0 4 49 70 .00 4 71 90 .0 0 1 2 5 9 0 .0 0 0 8 6 9 0 .00 0 21 60 .00 0 69 50 .00 0 64 80

4 2 . OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS .................................... .05 3 92 70 .03 6 10 70 .01 0 06 20 .0 0 2 3 6 4 0 .00 1 65 90 .00 3 45 60 .0 0 1 3 1 0 0

4 3 . ENGINES AND TURBINES................................................................... _ - - - - - _

4 4 . FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT............................................... - .00 0 55 80 - - - .00 0 01 40 -

4 5 . CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . . - .00 0 30 40 - - .00 0 02 80 - -

4 6 . MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . .00 0 71 90 .00 0 05 20 - - - .00 0 55 20 -

4 7 . METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.......................... .0 0 0 97 90 .00 2 59 80 .0 0 0 7 5 5 0 .0 0 0 5 7 9 0 .00 0 10 40 .00 0 65 20 .00 1 26 70

4 8 . SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . . .0 0 2 54 00 .00 0 34 70 .00 1 89 00 .00 3 24 40 .00 1 94 50 .01 3 20 10 .00 1 13 50

4 9 . GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . .00 0 30 90 .00 1 73 90 •0005530 .00 0 51 30 .00 0 09 50 .00 0 33 30 .00 0 54 50

5 0 . MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS .............................................................. .00 0 16 10 .00 0 26 60 .0 0 0 4 9 7 0 .00 0 38 80 .00 0 06 90 .00 0 50 90 .0 0 0 3 9 2 0

5 1 . OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES. . . . - .00 5 96 00 .00 0 47 20 - .0011120 .00 1 66 20 -

5 2 . SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES .................................................... .00 0 08 00 .00 9 99 70 .0 0 0 0 3 8 0 - - .00 0 08 70 -

5 3 . ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . . .00 0 17 10 .00 0 32 80 .0 0 0 4 7 0 0 .00 0 10 50 .00 0 43 40 .00 1 21 80 .0 0 0 6 5 4 0

5 4 . HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES................................................................... .00 1 53 10 .00 0 91 40 - .00 0 08 20 - - .0 0 0 0 1 8 0

5 5 . ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT..................... .00 0 98 30 .00 0 92 40 .00 1 22 90 .00 0 46 60 .00 0 10 30 .0001140 .0 0 0 3 9 2 0

5 6 . RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . * • .00 0 29 60 .00 1 95 90 - -

.00 0 51 20 -

.00 0 22 60

5 7 . ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ..................... # . .00 0 44 30 .00 0 15 50 _ _ .00 0 09 20 .00 0 00 30 _

5 8 . MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY ANO EQUIPMENT . .00 0 02 30 .00 0 02 30 .0000220 .00 0 01 40 .00 0 01 60 .00 0 02 90 .0 0 0 0 0 6 0

5 9 . MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT............................................... .00 0 04 40 .00 2 39 60 - - .00 0 16 10 .00 0 00 50 -

6 0 . AIRCRAFT AND PARTS........................................................................ .00 0 05 10 .00 0 99 90 - - .00 1 33 10 .00 0 08 00 -

6 1 . OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.......................................... .0000100 .00 0 54 50 - - .00 0 02 90 - -

6 2 . SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS..................... .00 0 04 20 .00 7 21 50 .00 0 35 50 - .00 0 16 00 .00 0 42 20 •C00298C

6 3 . OPTICAL»OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . • • - .00 0 00 90 .00 0 27 00 - .00 4 87 80 .00 0 42 10 .00 2 21 30

6 4 . MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING ............................................... .00 4 85 70 .01 5 74 10 .0 0 0 9 1 7 0 .0 0 0 9 7 6 0 .00 2 68 10 .00 1 50 90 .0 0 0 6 1 0 0

6 5 . TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING.......................................... .01 9 84 00 .01 5 34 50 .03 1 17 30 .02 8 08 10 .01 3 96 40 .02 7 86 10 .0 2 5 7 0 9 0

66. COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING............................... .0 0 6 4 6 8 0 .00 5 00 50 .0 0 3 6 4 9 0 .00 2 81 00 .01 4 21 60 .00 5 06 50 .0 0 2 7 7 4 0

6 7 . RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING ............................... - - - - - - -

68. ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES. . . . .01 2 12 50 .01 1 54 30 .0 6 1 9 5 4 0 .0 0 8 2 2 6 0 .01 4 38 50 .04 7 47 80 .0 1 7 8 1 5 0

6 9 . WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE.................................................... .05 0 85 10 .05 4 76 70 .03 4 60 40 .03 3 92 60 .02 4 18 20 .0258620 .01 9 79 60

7 0 . FINANCE AND INSURANCE .............................................................. .00 5 12 80 .00 5 01 50 .0 0 5 6 7 4 0 .00 6 13 20 .00 9 34 50 .00 8 91 30 •C06685C

7 1 . REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL.............................................................. .01 1 24 30 .00 9 95 80 .0 0 3 7 3 5 0 .0 0 8 8 9 8 0 .03 3 68 60 .0 0 9 07 30 .0 0 5 2 4 8 0

7 2 . HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES, EXCEPT AUTO . . .00 2 11 70 .00 1 64 50 .0 0 0 9 4 2 0 .0 0 1 2 9 6 0 .00 1 37 00 .00 0 61 20 .0 0 0 6 5 1 0

7 3 . BUSINESS SERVICES . ................................................................... .00 4 09 50 .01 3 30 00 .0 1 5 9 7 2 0 .00 9 47 30 .05 1 02 40 .02 4 98 60 .01 3 65 90

7 4 . RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT......................................................... .00 0 11 70 - .00 1 10 70 .00 1 05 70 .00 1 41 70 .00 0 62 10 .00 0 59 60

7 5 . AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES.......................................... .00 0 69 60 .00 1 60 10 .00 1 04 10 .00 0 84 00 .0012210 .00 1 64 50 .0 0 0 4 4 4 0

7 6 . AMUSEMENTS............................................................................................. .00 0 04 70 .00 0 04 00 •C000220 .00 0 03 20 .0 0 0 04 30 .0 0 0 01 70 .0 0 0 0 1 8 0

7 7 . MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS • • .00 1 30 90 .0012100 .0 0 1 1 0 3 0 .0 0 1 2 5 8 0 .00 1 30 70 .00 1 03 10 .0 0 1 0 7 6 0

7 8 . FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES.......................................... .00 0 56 10 .0009400 .00 0 99 30 .00 0 87 50 .00 6 72 80 .00 2 11 50 .0 0 4 3 4 3 0

7 9 . STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES..................... .00 0 18 90 .00 0 16 60 •0012000 .0001110 .00 0 15 80 .00 0 50 70 .0 0 0 3 2 0 0

8 0 . GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES .......................... .00 0 15 20 - .0 9 9 4 6 5 0 .0 0 0 7 4 8 0 .00 7 46 90 .04 7 23 00 .02 1 88 10

8 1 . BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT AND GIFTS .... .00 6 50 70 .00 7 70 20 .0 0 4 1 0 8 0 .0 0 4 9 5 1 0 .01 6 95 50 .01 1 90 00 .0 0 1 4 9 8 0

8 2 . OFFICE SUPPLIES ............................................................................. .00 1 00 40 .00 1 20 60 .0 0 0 5 8 9 0 .00 0 80 20 .00 3 99 00 .0011200 .00 0 11 50

TOTAL4....................................................................................................... .59 3 14 90 .59 3 71 30 .69 0 22 80 .60 4 30 90 .56 5 43 60 .67 6 55 60 .64 9 66 70

See footnotes on p. 131.

1 0 8

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T A B LE D -13 . D IR E C T R EQ U IREM EN TS PER D O L LA R O F GROSS O UTPUT, 19 8 0 1— Continued

(P ro d iic e r s v a lu e s - 19 5 8 d o lla r s ) 2

In d u s tr y n u m b e r an d title 3

D r u g s ,

c le a n in g ,

an d to ile t

p r e p a r a ­

tio n s

P a in t s and

a llie d

p ro d u c ts

P e tr o le u m

r e fin in g

and r e la te d

in d u s t r ie s

R u b b e r and

m i s c e l la ­

n eo u s

p la s t ic s

p ro d u c ts

L e a th e r

ta n n in g

and

in d u s t r ia l

le a th e r

p ro d u c ts

F o o tw e a r

an d o th e r

le a th e r

p ro d u c ts

G la s s and

g la s s

p ro d u c ts

29 30 3 1 32 33 34 35

l . L IV E S T O C K AND L IV E S T O C K PRO DU CTS................................................... .0 0 0 6 6 5 0 _ _ _ _ _ _

2 . OTHER A G R ICU LT U R A L PRODUCTS .............................................................. .0 0 0 3 6 6 0 - - - - - -

3 . f o r e s t r y a n d f i s h e r y p r o d u c t s ........................................................ - - - - .0 0 0 9 1 7 0 - -

A . A G R IC U LT U R A L fF O R E S T R Y ANO F IS H E R Y S E R V IC E S ....................... - - - - - - -

5 . IRO N AND FERRO A LLO Y ORES M IN IN G .................................................. - - .0 0 0 1 4 3 0 - - - -

6 . NONFERROUS METAL ORES M IN IN G .............................................................. .0 0 0 0 7 0 0 .0 0 0 0 8 8 0 - - - - .0 0 0 0 4 2 0

7 . COAL M IN IN G ........................................................................ ...... .0 0 0 5 9 6 0 .0 0 0 3 0 6 0 • 0 0 0 1 10 0 .0 0 0 3 8 1 0 .0 0 2 1 8 2 0 . 0 0 1 3 2 2 0

8 . CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ..................................................

- _ .4 3 4 6 1 2 0 - - - -

9 . STONE AND CLA Y M IN ING ANO QUARRYING ........................................ .0 0 0 5 4 9 0 .0 0 0 4 5 8 0 • 0 0 3 3 2 9 0 .0 0 0 8 8 2 0 - - .0 1 1 0 2 9 0

1 0 . CH EM ICA L AND F E R T I L I Z E R M INERAL M IN IN G.................................. .0 0 0 0 0 7 0 - .0 0 0 0 6 1 0 . 0 0 1 1 2 5 0 .0 0 0 8 2 2 0 - .0 0 0 2 8 9 0

1 1 . NEW CO N S TR U CTIO N .............................................................................................. - - - - - - -

1 2 . M AINTENANCE AND R E P A IR CO NSTRU CTIO N ....................................... .0 0 0 2 5 3 0 .0 0 0 3 7 2 0 .0 0 1 3 8 2 0 .0 0 0 9 3 8 0 .0 0 0 0 7 6 0 . 0 0 0 1 2 2 0 . 0 0 0 4 18 C

1 3 . ORDNANCE AND A C C E S S O R IE S ........................................................................ .0 0 0 0 1 5 0 - - - .0 0 0 0 5 4 0 - -

1 4 . FOOD AND K IN D RED PROOUCTS ................................................................... .0 2 0 0 5 7 0 .0 0 7 7 7 3 0 .0 0 0 5 9 7 0 .0 0 0 2 0 1 0 .0 0 1 9 7 3 0 “

1 5 . TOBACCO M ANUFACTURES. . . . .............................................................

_ - - - - - -

1 6 . BROAD AND NARROW F A B R IC S »Y A R N AND THREAD M IL L S . . . . 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 .0 0 0 2 0 7 0 .0 0 0 0 0 2 0 .0 1 2 3 2 8 0 .0 0 0 0 5 3 0 .0 2 4 7 5 4 0 -

1 7 . M ISCELLA N EO U S T E X T IL E GOODS AND FLOOR CO V E R IN G S . . - .0 0 0 0 0 3 0 - .0 5 3 9 5 9 0 .0 0 0 0 5 6 0 .0 1 3 4 4 5 0 .0 0 0 0 5 5 0

1 8 . A PPA REL ..................................................................................................................... .0 0 0 3 2 2 0 .0 0 0 3 7 2 0 • 0 0 0 1 5 1 0 • 00 2 4 6 6 0 .0 0 0 0 0 7 0 .0 0 5 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 0 8 4 0

1 9 . M ISCELLA N EO U S F A B R IC A T E D T E X T IL E PRODUCTS ....................... .0 0 0 4 4 5 0 .0 0 0 0 0 3 0 .0 0 0 0 7 3 0 .0 0 0 3 9 8 0 .0 0 1 2 1 2 0 .0 0 0 3 8 8 0 .0 0 0 0 1 3 0

2 0 . LUMBER AND WOOD P R O D U C T S ,E X C E P T C O N T A IN E R S....................... .0 0 0 9 7 5 0 .0 0 0 7 6 1 0 . 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 • 0 0 15 5 6 C - .0 0 7 9 7 6 0 .0 1 4 0 4 7 0

2 1 . WOODEN CO N T A IN E R S .........................................................................................

- “ .0 0 0 0 0 5 0 .0 0 0 0 0 1 0 .0 0 0 7 9 3 0 .0 0 0 1 3 4 0 .0 0 2 3 0 3 0

2 2 . HOUSEHOLD FU R N ITU R E .................................................................................... _ - _ .0 0 0 0 6 2 0 _ .0 0 0 2 5 8 0 .0 0 1 8 4 4 0

2 3 . OTHER FU R N ITU R E AND F IX T U R E S .............................................................

- - - .0 0 0 1 0 5 0 - .0 0 0 0 0 6 0 .0 0 0 0 0 1 0

2 4 . PAPER AND A L L IE D PRO D U CTS, E X C EP T CO N TA IN ER S .... .0 0 6 6 8 3 0 .0 0 7 4 8 0 0 . 0 0 3 1 7 9 0 .0 0 4 1 4 8 0 .0 0 2 5 8 3 0 .0 0 8 2 3 6 0 . 0 0 2 1 1 3 0

2 5 . PAPERBOARD CO N T A IN E R S AND BOXES ................................................... .0 2 7 1 0 7 0 .0 1 0 8 5 9 0 .0 0 1 8 0 5 0 .0 0 7 3 8 4 0 .0 0 1 2 7 5 0 .0 1 1 9 6 5 0 .0 8 1 7 7 4 0

2 6 . P R IN T IN G AND P U B L IS H IN G ........................................................................ . 0 0 4 1 1 2 0 .0 0 2 4 2 6 0 • 0 0 0 0 3 9 0 .0 0 3 2 0 1 0 .0 0 1 6 8 3 0 .0 0 5 3 3 5 0 .0 0 1 4 8 2 0

2 7 . C H EM ICA LS AND S E L E C T E D CH EM ICAL PRO DU CTS............................. . 1 1 2 7 7 1 0 . 1 3 1 1 4 4 0 • 0 3 4 0 0 9 0 .0 3 3 8 4 3 0 .0 6 1 0 8 7 0 .0 0 0 3 1 7 0 .0 3 3 7 3 3 0

2 8 . P L A S T IC S AND S Y N T H E T IC M A T E R IA L S.................................................. .0 0 3 2 2 1 0 .2 9 1 9 6 2 0 .0 0 0 8 2 9 0 . 1 7 1 6 1 7 0 .0 1 7 7 7 6 0 .0 4 7 5 5 3 0 -

2 9 . D R U G S ,C LE A N IN G ANO T O IL E T P R E P A R A T IO N S.................................. .0 6 6 0 8 7 0 . 0 1 1 6 4 4 0 • 0 0 2 9 3 7 0 .0 0 0 9 9 2 0 .0 2 3 3 4 2 0 .0 0 0 3 5 0 0 .0 0 1 5 6 6 0

3 0 . P A IN T S AND A L L IE D PRO DU CTS................................................................... .0 0 2 1 4 0 0 .0 0 1 6 4 3 0 .0 0 0 3 4 7 0 .0 0 0 1 9 2 0 .0 0 0 0 2 1 0 .0 0 0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 0 0 4 6 0

3 1 . PETROLEUM R E F IN IN G AND R ELA TED IN D U S T R IE S ....................... . 0 0 7 9 1 1 0 .0 0 8 9 6 1 0 .0 5 7 9 3 0 0 .0 0 2 4 1 8 0 .0 0 3 4 1 0 0 .0 0 0 2 9 9 0 .0 0 2 2 8 4 0

3 2 . RUBBER AND M ISCELLA N EO U S P L A S T IC S P RO DU CTS....................... .0 2 8 5 3 3 0 .0 0 3 0 1 8 0 .0 0 1 1 4 6 0 .0 3 1 5 4 2 0 .0 0 8 0 7 9 0 .0 7 4 4 5 9 0 .0 0 3 7 5 9 0

3 3 . LEA TH ER TANNIN G AND IN D U S T R IA L LEA THER PRODUCTS . . - - - .0 0 0 5 1 0 0 .0 8 4 3 6 4 0 . 1 3 4 7 2 1 0 -

3 4 . FOOTWEAR AND OTHER L EA TH ER PRODUCTS ........................................ .0 0 0 0 1 7 0 .0 0 0 0 0 8 0 .0 0 0 0 0 3 0 .0 0 0 9 6 1 0 .0 0 1 5 4 6 0 .0 6 8 5 5 1 0 .0 0 0 0 0 7 0

3 5 . G LA SS AND G LA SS P RO DU CTS........................................................................ . 0 1 3 7 8 6 0 - .0 0 0 1 2 6 0 .0 1 2 9 6 2 0 .0 0 0 0 3 3 0 .0 0 0 0 7 9 0 .0 4 0 4 4 0 0

3 6 . STONE AND CLA Y PRODUCTS ........................................................................ . 0 0 1 7 9 1 0 . 0 0 9 8 1 1 0 .0 0 1 9 0 5 0 • 00445C C .0 0 8 0 3 7 0 .0 0 2 2 2 7 0 .0 2 7 6 2 7 0

3 7 . PRIM ARY IRO N AND S T E E L M ANUFACTURING........................................ .0 0 0 1 1 7 0 .0 0 5 5 6 5 0 .0 0 0 0 1 6 0 .0 0 2 0 6 4 0 - - -

3 8 . PRIM ARY NONFERROUS METALS M ANUFACTURING ............................ .0 0 0 1 4 7 0 .0 0 0 3 1 6 0 .0 0 0 1 0 3 0 .0 0 2 9 6 4 0 . 0 0 0 1 7 1 0 .0 0 0 3 7 9 0 .0 0 2 0 9 2 0

3 9 . METAL C O N T A IN E R S ........................................................................ . 0 1 4 1 4 5 0 . 0 4 1 1 4 2 0 .0 0 1 0 9 7 0 - - - -

4 0 . H E A T IN G ,P LU M B IN G AND STRUCTURAL METAL P RO D U CTS. . . .0 0 0 0 3 7 0 .0 0 0 5 4 0 0 .0 0 0 1 2 8 0 .0 0 0 4 4 7 0 - . 0 0 0 1 1 8 0 .0 0 0 4 0 5 0

4 1 . STA M PIN G S,SCR EW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND B O L T S....................... .0 0 2 7 6 2 0 .0 0 0 3 9 3 0 .0 0 0 0 9 8 0 .0 0 2 8 7 6 0 .0 0 0 5 8 3 0 .0 0 0 4 6 4 0 .0 0 3 8 6 0 0

4 2 . OTHER F A B R IC A T E D METAL PRODUCTS .................................................. .0 0 8 5 7 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 7 2 0 . 0 1 0 3 3 1 0 . 0 1 1 2 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 2 9 0 . 0 0 7 3 1 9 0 .0 0 3 8 1 2 0

4 3 . E N G IN E S AND T U R B IN E S...................................................................................

- - -

.0 0 0 0 0 7 0 _ - -

4 4 . FARM MACHINERY AND EQ U IPM EN T.................................................. ..... . - . 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 - .0 0 0 0 1 2 0 - .0 0 0 0 5 4 0 .0 0 0 1 7 2 0

4 5 . C O N S T R U C T IO N ,M IN IN G AND G I L F IE L D M ACHINERY .... - - - . 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 - - -

4 6 . M A TERIA LS HAN DLING M ACHINERY AND EQ U IPM EN T....................... - - - .0 0 0 0 2 5 0 - .0 0 0 0 2 3 0 .0 0 0 0 0 3 0

4 7 . METALWORKING M ACHINERY AND EQ U IPM EN T....................................... . 0 0 0 1 1 8 0 .0 0 0 1 0 0 0 .0 0 0 1 3 8 0 .0 0 0 6 0 8 0 .0 0 0 5 8 0 0 .0 0 0 0 8 6 0 . 0 0 1 4 1 7 0

4 8 . S P E C IA L IN D U STR Y M ACHINERY AND EQ U IPM ENT............................. .0 0 1 2 0 2 0 .0 0 0 0 1 4 0 - .0 0 1 4 2 9 0 - .0 0 0 0 1 0 0 -

4 9 . GENERAL IN D U S T R IA L MACHINERY ANO EQ U IPM EN T....................... .0 0 0 0 5 0 0 .0 0 0 1 7 8 0 .0 0 0 0 7 5 0 .0 0 0 9 1 7 0 .0 0 0 2 2 7 0 . 0 0 0 1 1 3 0 .0 0 1 4 0 0 0

5 0 . MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS .............................................................................. .0 0 0 0 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 1 2 7 0 .0 0 0 0 2 8 0 .0 0 3 9 4 0 0 .0 0 0 1 8 9 0 .0 0 0 1 2 7 0 .0 0 0 7 6 2 0

5 1 . O F F IC E ,C O M P U T IN G AND ACCO UNTING M A C H IN ES............................ .0 0 0 0 3 9 0 - - - - - -

5 2 . S E R V IC E IN D U STR Y M ACHINES ................................................................... .0 0 0 2 3 9 0 - - . 0 0 C 0 2 3 C - - .0 0 0 2 0 3 0

5 3 . E L E C T R IC IN D U S T R IA L EQUIPM ENT AND APPARATUS .... .0 0 0 0 4 2 0 .0 0 0 0 2 5 0 . 0 0 0 1 7 6 0 .0 0 0 5 4 8 0 .0 0 0 5 1 2 0 .0 0 0 0 2 9 0 .0 0 0 6 6 3 0

5 4 . HOUSEHOLD A P P L IA N C E S .................................................................................... .0 0 0 2 0 4 0 - - .0 0 0 6 0 2 0 - - .0 0 0 5 0 4 0

5 5 . E L E C T R IC L IG H T IN G AND W IR IN G EQ U IPM EN T.................................. .0 0 0 0 4 2 0 .0 0 0 1 7 4 0 .0 0 0 0 2 8 0 .0 0 1 6 6 5 0 .0 0 0 8 2 8 0 .C 0 C 7 3 3 0 .0 0 2 6 0 0 0

5 6 . R A D IO ,T E L E V IS IO N AND COMMUNICATION E Q U IP M EN T. . . . .0 0 0 3 3 5 0 . 0 0 0 8 6 2 C - - -

5 7 . E LE C T R O N IC COMPONENTS AND A C C E S S O R IE S ..................................

_ _ _ .0 0 0 4 3 2 0 _ .0 0 0 8 5 6 0 .0 0 0 0 0 3 0

5 8 . M ISCELLA N EO U S E L E C T R IC A L M ACHINERY AND EQ U IP M EN T. . .0 0 0 0 3 0 0 .0 0 0 0 2 3 0 .0 0 0 0 2 0 0 .0 0 0 1 6 4 0 .0 0 0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 0 0 2 3 0 .0 0 0 0 5 6 0

5 9 . MOTOR V E H IC L E S AND EQ U IPM EN T............................................................. .0 0 0 0 3 2 0 - .0 0 0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 0 0 1 7 0 • 0C 00540 .0 0 0 0 3 5 0 -

6 0 . A IR C R A F T AND P A R T S ......................................................................................... - - - .0 0 2 4 6 9 0 - .0 0 0 0 7 4 0 -

6 1 . OTHER TRAN SPO RTA TIO N EQ U IPM ENT........................................................ - - - .0 0 0 2 4 0 0 - .0 0 0 0 2 3 0 -

6 2 . S C I E N T I F I C AND CO N TR O LLIN G IN STR U M EN TS.................................. .0 0 4 3 7 7 0 .0 0 0 1 4 9 0 .0 0 0 0 6 8 0 .0 0 2 0 0 0 0 .0 0 0 3 2 8 0 .0 0 1 8 5 8 0 .0 0 1 0 5 0 0

6 3 . O P T IC A L ,O P T H A L M IC AND PHO TO GRAPHIC E Q U IP M EN T. . . . .0 0 0 0 9 3 0 .0 0 0 0 3 6 0 .0 0 0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 0 2 9 2 0 .0 0 0 0 6 9 0 .0 0 1 3 2 4 0 . 0 0 1 1 7 5 0

6 4 . M ISCELLA N EO U S MANUFACTURING .............................................................. .0 0 0 8 2 2 0 .0 0 0 7 3 9 0 .0 0 0 4 0 3 0 .0 0 4 7 1 6 0 .0 0 0 5 4 2 0 .0 0 3 7 2 4 0 .0 0 0 8 8 4 0

6 5 . TRA N SPO RTA TIO N AND W AREHOUSING........................................................ .0 1 6 1 4 8 0 .0 2 7 7 7 5 0 .0 4 0 2 6 3 0 .0 1 8 6 4 8 0 .0 1 9 9 5 8 0 .0 0 9 7 7 2 0 . 0 2 1 5 0 1 0

6 6 . CO M M U N ICA TIO N S,EX CEPT B R O A D CA STIN G............................................. .0 0 2 3 4 1 0 .0 0 5 2 8 2 0 .0 0 1 4 6 7 0 .0 0 3 4 3 9 0 .0 0 2 8 5 3 0 .0 0 3 9 8 2 0 .0 0 3 7 4 2 0

6 7 . R A D IO AND T E L E V IS IO N BRO AD CASTIN G ............................................. - - - - - - -

6 8 . E L E C T R IC ,G A S ,W A T E R AND SA N ITA R Y S E R V IC E S ............................. .0 0 5 7 5 1 0 .0 0 6 4 0 9 0 .0 1 8 6 7 4 0 . 0 2 1 6 1 5 0 .0 0 8 1 4 3 0 .0 0 3 9 3 7 0 . 0 4 8 1 7 1 0

6 9 . WHOLESALE AND R E T A IL T R A D E................................................................... .0 2 4 6 4 4 0 .0 4 2 7 9 5 0 . 0 1 0 2 2 4 0 .0 3 5 6 6 7 0 .0 2 8 5 1 9 0 .0 2 5 2 6 4 0 .0 3 5 0 5 9 0

7 0 . F IN A N C E AND INSURA NCE .............................................................................. .0 0 7 6 0 8 0 .0 0 7 3 3 4 0 .0 0 5 0 4 7 0 .0 0 5 6 5 5 0 .0 0 7 2 1 4 0 .0 0 6 9 0 8 0 .0 0 9 1 9 6 0

7 1 . REA L E ST A TE AND R EN TA L.............................................................................. .0 0 7 7 4 7 0 . 0 1 1 1 3 0 0 .0 0 8 8 6 1 0 .0 0 9 2 2 1 0 .0 0 2 4 6 8 0 .0 0 8 1 6 9 0 .0 0 6 5 5 6 0

7 2 . H O T EL S,P E R S O N A L AND R E P A IR S E R V IC E S ,E X C E P T AUTO . . .0 0 0 5 0 4 0 .0 0 0 5 7 8 0 - .0 0 1 3 0 2 0 .0 0 1 0 9 9 0 .0 0 2 7 9 6 0 .0 0 1 6 9 0 0

7 3 . B U S IN E S S S E R V IC E S ......................................................................................... .1 2 8 0 9 2 0 .0 2 8 4 9 6 0 .0 4 5 6 7 3 0 .0 3 3 5 9 0 0 .0 0 7 4 1 2 0 .0 3 8 6 9 4 0 .0 2 9 1 0 8 0

7 4 . R ESEA R CH AND D EVELO PM EN T........................................................................ .0 0 5 3 5 7 0 .0 0 8 3 3 9 0 .0 0 0 7 3 9 0 .0 0 0 8 4 2 0 .0 0 1 0 9 5 0 .0 0 1 2 9 0 0 .0 0 1 0 6 7 0

7 5 . AUTOMOBILE R E P A IR AND S E R V IC E S ........................................................ .0 0 0 7 1 0 0 .0 0 2 9 9 5 0 .0 0 1 8 7 8 0 . 0 0 0 3 1 1 0 .0 0 1 5 0 0 0 .0 0 0 4 0 4 0 . 0 0 1 4 1 6 0

7 6 . AMUSEMENTS............................................................................................................... .0 0 0 0 1 7 0 .0 0 0 0 2 0 0 - .0 0 0 0 3 2 0 .0 0 0 0 2 4 0 .0 0 0 0 6 0 0 .0 0 0 0 3 9 0

7 7 . M E D IC A L,E D U C A T IO N A L AND NO N PROFIT O R G A N IZA T IO N S . . .0 0 1 1 4 2 0 .0 0 1 2 0 0 0 .0 0 1 0 7 7 0 .0 0 1 2 4 3 0 .0 0 1 0 6 5 0 .0 0 1 3 3 7 0 .0 0 1 2 4 7 0

7 8 . FED ER A L GOVERNMENT E N T E R P R IS E S ........................................................ .0 0 2 0 2 6 0 .0 0 2 1 8 0 0 .0 0 1 6 8 1 0 .0 0 0 8 0 4 0 .0 0 4 2 1 6 0 .0 0 2 0 7 9 0 .0 0 2 4 0 8 0

7 9 . ST A TE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT E N T E R P R IS E S .................................. .0 0 0 2 2 7 0 .0 0 0 2 3 5 0 .0 0 0 3 7 4 0 .0 0 0 2 8 1 0 .0 0 0 3 2 0 0 .0 0 0 0 8 5 0 .0 0 0 4 0 3 0

8 0 . GROSS IM PORTS OF GOODS AND S E R V IC E S ....................................... .0 1 5 3 7 7 0 .0 0 2 9 4 6 0 .0 3 5 3 6 7 0 . 0 2 7 5 7 7 0 .1 5 2 2 6 6 0 .0 3 6 5 2 5 0 .0 3 0 6 9 0 0

8 1 . B U S IN E S S T R A V EL ,E N T ER T A IN M E N T ANO G IF T S ............................ .0 0 5 2 6 6 0 .0 0 9 4 4 1 0 .0 0 1 2 7 8 0 .0 0 6 5 9 3 0 .0 0 2 3 8 4 0 . 0 0 5 0 1 1 0 .0 0 6 7 9 4 0

8 2 . O F F IC E S U P P L IE S .............................................................................................. .0 0 0 5 8 6 0 . 0 0 1 1 9 8 0 .0 0 0 3 6 2 0 .0 0 0 9 5 1 0 .0 0 0 4 0 6 0 . 0 0 1 2 1 8 0 . 0 0 0 9 7 1 0

T O T A L4 .......................................................................................................................... .5 5 5 2 1 4 0 .6 9 8 6 5 6 0 .7 3 0 8 8 1 0 .5 5 6 9 3 6 0 .4 6 7 7 4 5 0 . 5 7 1 1 0 5 0 .4 4 8 3 9 7 0

See footnotes on p . 1 3 1 .

109

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T A B LE D -13 . D IR E C T R EQ U IREM EN TS PER D O LLA R O F GROSS OUTPUT, 19 8 0 1— Continued

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1 . L IV E S T O C K AND L IV E S T O C K PRO DU CTS........................................ _ _ _ _ _ _

2 . OTHER A G R IC U LT U R A L PRODUCTS ................................................... .0 0 0 5 0 5 0 - - - - - -

3 . FO R E ST R Y AND F IS H E R Y PRODUCTS ............................................. - - - - - - -

4 . A G R IC U LT U R A L fF O R E S T R Y AND F IS H E R Y S E R V I C E S . . . . . - - - - - - -

5 . IRO N AND FERR O A LLO Y ORES M IN IN G ....................................... . 0 0 1 1 6 1 0 .0 4 6 8 0 6 0 . 0 0 2 1 6 1 0 - - - -

6 . NONFERROUS METAL ORES M IN IN G.................................................. .0 0 0 5 1 8 0 • 0C 034 40 . 0 5 5 8 7 1 0 - - -

.0 0 0 2 4 8 0

7 . COAL M IN IN G ............................................................................................... .0 0 2 0 0 5 0 . 0 1 0 9 8 1 0 .0 0 0 9 5 5 0 . 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 .0 0 0 1 1 4 0 .0 0 0 3 7 4 0 .0 0 0 2 7 2 0

8 . CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS .......................................

_ _ - _ _ _ _

9 . STONE AND C LA Y M IN IN G AND Q UARRYING ............................. .0 6 4 3 7 3 0 .0 0 2 9 8 1 0 .0 0 0 4 4 3 0 -

. 0 0 0 1 7 5 0 - . 0 0 0 1 6 1 0

1 0 . CH EM ICA L AND F E R T I L I Z E R M INERAL M IN IN G....................... .0 0 2 9 7 2 0 .0 0 0 3 7 5 0 .0 0 0 1 8 8 0 - - - .0 0 0 0 4 0 0

1 1 . NEW CO N S TR U C TIO N .................................................................................... - - - - - - -

1 2 . MAINTENANCE AND R E P A IR CO NSTRU CTIO N ............................. .0 0 0 4 4 3 0 .0 0 6 2 0 9 0 .0 0 3 5 5 9 0 .0 0 2 4 8 6 0 .0 0 0 8 9 3 0 .0 0 0 6 1 9 0 .0 0 0 5 2 0 0

1 3 . ORDNANCE ANO A C C E S S O R IE S ............................................................. - .0 0 0 0 5 6 0 .0 0 0 1 5 4 0 - .0 0 0 1 2 6 0 .0 0 0 6 7 9 0 .0 0 0 1 8 9 0

1 4 . FOOD AND K IN D R ED PRODUCTS ........................................................ .0 0 0 7 9 9 0 .0 0 0 3 3 2 0 .0 0 0 0 6 2 0 - " .0 0 0 0 3 2 0

1 5 . TOBACCO M ANUFACTURES......................................................................... _ _ - - _ _ _

1 6 . BROAD AND NARROW F A B R IC S »Y A R N ANO THREAD M IL L S . . . 0 0 1 7 6 5 0 -

. 0 0 1 5 1 3 0 -

.0 0 0 2 3 9 0 .0 0 0 0 7 9 0 .0 0 0 8 0 5 0

1 7 . M IS CE LLA N E O U S T E X T IL E GOODS AND FLOOR CO V E R IN G S • . . 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 .0 0 0 0 4 6 0 .0 0 0 5 4 4 0 - .0 0 0 0 4 1 0 .0 0 0 1 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 1 2 5 0

1 8 . A PPA REL .................................................................................................... . .0 0 0 0 0 1 0 .0 0 0 6 8 4 0 .0 0 0 4 7 9 0 - .0 0 0 8 2 4 0 .0 0 0 9 6 5 0 .0 0 0 9 2 3 0

1 9 . M ISCELLA N EO U S F A B R IC A T E D T E X T IL E PRODUCTS . . . .0 0 0 3 9 0 0 .0 0 0 0 9 3 0 .0 0 0 1 7 9 0 - .0 0 0 2 8 0 0 .0 0 0 1 2 0 0 .0 0 0 0 1 6 0

2 0 . LUMBER AND WOOD P RO DU CTS, E XC EP T C O N T A IN E R S . . . .0 0 1 6 3 0 0 .0 0 0 9 3 2 0 .0 0 1 0 3 4 0 .0 0 0 3 8 7 0 .0 0 2 2 2 8 0 .0 0 4 7 8 8 0 .0 0 7 3 4 3 0

2 1 . WOODEN CO N T A IN E R S .............................................................................. .0 0 0 6 3 4 0 .0 0 0 0 7 1 0 - • 0 0 0 2 1C C .0 0 0 4 4 2 0 .0 0 0 2 0 7 0 .0 0 0 3 4 0 0

2 2 . HOUSEHOLD FU R N ITU R E ......................................................................... -

.0 0 0 0 6 2 0 _ .0 0 0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 0 8 2 5 0 .0 0 0 2 2 2 0 .0 0 0 9 8 3 0

2 3 . OTHER F U R N ITU R E AND F IX T U R E S .................................................. .0 0 0 0 0 1 0 .0 0 0 0 0 2 0 .0 0 0 0 0 4 0 - . 0 0 1 1 6 2 0 .0 0 0 0 9 6 0 .0 0 0 6 9 8 0

2 4 . PA PER AND A L L IE D P RO D U CTS*EX CEP T C O N TA IN ER S . . . . .0 1 6 0 0 5 0 .0 0 2 3 8 3 0 .0 0 2 7 6 6 0 .0 0 3 7 7 4 0 .0 0 1 8 2 1 0 .0 0 4 4 1 1 0 .0 0 3 6 7 5 0

2 5 . PAPERBOARD CO N T A IN E R S AND BOXES ....................................... .0 0 8 9 9 6 0 .0 0 0 7 5 9 0 .0 0 0 7 0 6 0 • 0 10 9 9 3 C .0 0 3 9 4 2 0 .0 0 9 1 2 2 0 . 0 0 5 1 1 2 0

2 6 . P R IN T IN G AND P U B L IS H IN G ............................................................. .0 0 2 0 3 2 0 .0 0 1 4 3 8 0 .0 0 0 9 2 0 0 .0 0 3 0 5 6 0 .0 0 0 5 3 6 0 . 0 0 1 4 3 1 0 .0 0 2 4 5 0 0

2 7 . CH EM IC A LS AND S E L E C T E D CH EM ICA L P RO D U CTS. . . . .0 2 6 4 5 2 0 . 0 1 8 8 1 2 0 .0 1 4 9 7 4 0 .0 0 0 0 1 9 0 .0 0 2 5 0 7 0 .0 0 3 2 6 9 0 .0 0 9 5 0 9 0

2 8 . P L A S T IC S AND S Y N T H E T IC M A T E R IA L S....................................... .0 1 0 8 0 2 0 . 0 0 1 1 6 8 0 .0 1 6 9 7 6 0 .0 0 4 8 4 7 0 .0 0 0 4 8 5 0 .0 0 3 9 4 9 0 .0 0 0 8 9 6 0

2 9 . D R U G S*CLE A N IN G AND T O IL E T P R E P A R A T IO N S....................... .0 0 6 3 7 8 0 .0 0 1 8 8 4 0 .0 0 1 0 4 9 0 . 0 0 2 5 1 3 0 .0 0 0 2 8 0 0 .0 0 0 6 9 3 0 .0 0 0 3 2 5 0

3 0 . P A IN T S AND A L L IE D PRO DU CTS........................................................ . 0 0 1 1 7 9 0 .0 0 0 7 8 8 0 .0 0 0 7 7 1 0 .0 0 8 7 5 3 0 .0 0 2 7 9 3 0 .0 0 5 1 4 5 0 . 0 0 1 6 1 1 0

3 1 . PETROLEUM R E F IN IN G AND R ELA TED IN D U S T R IE S . . . .0 0 8 2 5 9 0 .0 0 4 6 1 4 0 .0 0 4 1 6 3 0 . 0 0 1 6 1 4 0 .0 0 3 1 4 7 0 .0 0 6 2 3 6 0 .0 0 4 2 7 3 0

3 2 . RUBBER ANO M ISCELLA N EO U S P L A S T IC S PR O D U CTS. . . .0 1 0 1 6 5 0 .0 0 3 0 8 1 0 . 0 0 1 6 7 2 0 .0 2 2 0 8 5 0 .0 0 2 0 7 8 0 .0 0 9 1 6 2 0 . 0 1 1 7 9 0 0

3 3 . LEA TH ER TANNING AND IN D U S T R IA L LEA TH ER PRODUCTS . . .0 0 0 0 6 2 0 - - •OO026C0 .0 0 0 0 8 9 0 .0 0 0 0 8 1 0 .0 0 0 0 6 4 0

3 4 . FOOTWEAR ANO OTHER LEA TH ER PRODUCTS ............................. .0 0 0 0 3 3 0 .0 0 0 0 0 3 0 .0 0 0 0 0 3 0 .0 0 0 0 0 3 0 .0 0 0 0 0 5 0 .0 0 0 2 3 5 0 .0 0 0 0 6 9 0

3 5 . G L A SS AND G LA SS PRO D U CTS. .... .................................. .0 0 0 7 5 3 0 .0 0 0 0 5 7 0 .0 0 0 0 3 0 0 .0 0 0 0 2 1 0 .0 0 5 4 8 9 0 .0 0 0 9 8 8 0 .0 0 0 2 4 1 0

3 6 . STONE AND CLA Y PRODUCTS ............................................................. .1 4 7 3 8 6 0 .0 0 8 5 3 1 0 .0 0 4 7 2 3 0 .0 0 1 9 6 3 0 .0 0 6 1 8 7 0 .0 0 7 6 4 5 0 .0 0 6 7 3 0 0

3 7 . PRIM ARY IRO N AND S T E E L M ANUFACTURING............................. .0 0 2 7 0 0 0 . 2 1 5 3 3 3 0 . 0 1 1 8 2 4 0 .2 6 0 3 7 1 0 . 1 5 5 4 6 8 0 . 1 4 3 5 3 2 0 . 1 3 2 9 1 8 0

3 8 . PRIM A RY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING .... .0 0 1 8 7 8 0 .0 1 8 8 4 3 0 . 2 7 1 3 5 1 0 . 1 2 7 1 9 4 0 .0 8 8 3 6 1 0 .0 5 0 8 7 1 0 .0 7 9 4 9 7 0

3 9 . METAL C O N T A IN E R S................................................................................... - - - .0 0 6 4 9 5 0 .0 0 0 3 9 6 0 .0 0 3 3 9 6 0 . C 0 0 6 8 2 C

4 0 . H E A T IN G *PLU M B IN G AND STRUCTURAL METAL P RO D U CTS. . . .0 0 0 6 5 4 0 .0 0 2 4 0 2 0 .0 0 0 3 0 3 0 .0 0 4 8 2 8 0 .0 2 2 8 5 9 0 .0 0 7 9 5 1 0 .0 0 8 5 3 5 0

4 1 . STA M PINGS* SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND B O L T S . . . .0 0 1 2 6 6 0 .0 0 5 3 7 9 0 .0 0 8 1 3 7 0 • 0 1 1 5 2 2 C .0 0 7 3 0 3 0 .0 1 8 5 9 3 0 .0 1 8 0 0 7 0

4 2 . OTHER F A B R IC A T E D METAL PRODUCTS ....................................... . 0 1 1 5 9 5 0 .0 1 6 4 4 0 0 .0 1 0 6 5 8 0 .0 0 3 9 2 8 0 .0 2 9 8 9 8 0 .0 3 1 8 9 5 0 . 0 4 1 3 1 3 0

4 3 . E N G IN E S AND T U R B IN E S ........................................................................

_ .0 0 0 1 1 2 0 .0 0 0 0 0 5 0 -

.0 0 3 7 3 0 0 .0 0 1 1 9 6 0 .0 0 0 9 7 7 0

4 4 . FARM MACHINERY AND EQ U IP M EN T.................................................. .0 0 0 0 2 9 0 . 0 0 1 1 1 3 0 .0 0 0 0 2 8 0 .0 0 0 0 4 1 0 .0 0 1 4 4 9 0 .0 0 0 8 9 1 0 .0 0 0 8 2 1 0

4 5 . C O N S T R U C T IO N ,M IN IN G AND O IL F IE L D M ACHINERY . . • . .0 0 0 0 5 9 0 .0 0 0 6 5 4 0 .0 0 0 0 0 7 0 - . 0 0 2 7 1 6 0 .0 0 0 2 4 5 0 .0 0 2 5 6 3 0

4 6 . M A T E R IA LS HA N DLIN G MACHINERY AND EQ U IP M E N T . . . .0 0 0 0 3 6 0 . 0 0 0 1 4 1 0 . 0 0 0 1 1 9 0 - . 0 0 1 1 7 8 0 .0 0 0 3 1 7 0 . 0 0 1 1 7 3 0

4 7 . METALWORKING M ACHINERY AND EQ U IPM ENT............................. .0 0 1 1 8 6 0 .0 0 5 6 4 5 0 .0 0 6 4 0 3 0 .0 1 0 8 7 5 0 .0 0 4 8 2 3 0 .0 0 9 9 9 5 0 .0 2 2 4 2 7 0

4 8 . S P E C IA L IN D U STR Y MACHINERY AND E Q U IP M EN T. . . . .0 0 0 7 0 7 0 .0 0 1 0 6 7 0 . 0 0 0 1 7 7 0 .0 0 0 0 0 4 0 . 0 0 2 5 5 1 0 • C 0 C 4 5 10 .0 0 2 1 3 2 0

4 9 . GENERAL IN D U S T R IA L M ACHINERY AND E Q U IP M EN T. . . .0 0 0 3 5 2 0 .0 0 3 6 3 5 0 .0 0 3 9 1 0 0 .0 0 7 0 8 3 0 .0 1 1 9 5 0 0 .0 0 0 7 1 8 0 .0 0 8 2 4 8 0

5 0 . MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ................................................................... .0 0 0 6 7 3 0 .0 1 0 5 8 3 0 .0 0 5 0 0 1 0 .0 0 7 0 3 8 0 .0 0 6 1 0 6 0 .0 0 5 4 9 6 0 . 0 0 4 2 5 1 0

5 1 . O F F IC E ,C O M P U T IN G AND ACCO UNTING M A C H IN E S. . . . - .0 0 0 1 6 0 0 - - .0 0 0 9 1 0 0 .0 0 1 8 0 5 0 .0 0 0 4 3 7 0

5 2 . S E R V IC E IN D U STR Y M ACHINES ........................................................ .0 0 0 0 6 8 0 .0 0 0 0 7 8 0 .0 0 0 2 1 3 0 - .0 0 8 8 1 4 0 .0 0 1 8 5 4 0 . 0 0 1 3 4 3 0

5 3 . E L E C T R IC IN D U S T R IA L EQUIPM ENT ANO APPARATUS . . . . .0 0 0 8 7 8 0 .0 0 4 3 2 1 0 .0 0 5 4 7 8 0 • 0 0 10 6 5 C . 0 1 1 7 5 7 0 .0 0 4 2 8 3 0 .0 0 3 8 2 9 0

5 4 . HOUSEHOLD A P P L IA N C E S ......................................................................... .0 0 0 0 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 1 6 1 0 .0 0 0 5 4 7 0 .0 0 3 3 8 9 0 .0 1 3 8 2 4 0 .0 0 4 7 6 2 0 .0 0 2 6 2 6 0

5 5 . E L E C T R IC L IG H T IN G AND W IRIN G EQ U IPM ENT....................... .0 0 3 7 0 0 0 .0 0 0 5 1 9 0 .0 0 5 8 5 0 0 .0 0 0 4 3 9 0 .0 0 2 1 5 4 0 .0 0 4 1 4 3 0 .0 0 2 3 7 6 0

5 6 . R A D IO ,T E L E V IS IO N AND COMMUNICATION EQ U IP M EN T. . • • .0 0 0 0 2 7 0 .0 0 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 1 1 8 0 “ .0 0 0 1 2 1 0 .0 0 0 2 6 0 0 .0 0 0 4 3 3 0

5 7 . E L E C T R O N IC COMPONENTS AND A C C E S S O R IE S ....................... .0 0 0 3 4 1 0 .0 0 0 9 3 8 0 .0 0 0 2 9 7 0 .0 0 0 9 3 8 0 .0 0 3 1 0 0 0 .0 0 1 3 3 5 0 .0 0 0 1 0 8 0

5 8 . M IS CE LLA N E O U S E L E C T R IC A L MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT . .0 0 0 0 5 5 0 .0 0 0 0 0 6 0 .0 0 5 9 2 6 0 .0 0 0 0 1 C C .0 0 0 0 5 5 0 .0 0 0 3 0 0 0 .0 0 0 3 3 4 0

5 9 . MOTOR V E H IC L E S AND EQ U IPM EN T.................................................. .0 0 0 1 9 9 0 .0 0 1 8 2 2 0 . 0 0 1 4 5 5 0 .0 0 0 0 1 9 0 .0 0 4 0 6 5 0 .0 2 6 7 9 9 0 .0 0 4 7 7 2 0

6 0 . A IR C R A F T AND P A R T S ............................................................................. .0 0 0 1 2 8 0 .0 0 0 0 5 5 0 .0 0 0 0 2 2 0 .0 0 3 3 2 4 0 .0 0 1 4 8 3 0 . 0 0 1 5 3 0 0 .0 0 0 7 3 7 0

6 1 . OTHER TRA N SPO RTA TIO N EQ U IPM ENT............................................. - .0 0 0 6 4 5 0 .0 0 0 4 7 7 0 - .0 0 5 7 6 2 0 .0 0 0 2 1 8 0 .0 0 0 6 0 4 0

6 2 . S C I E N T I F I C AND CO N TR O LLIN G IN STR U M EN TS....................... .0 0 0 5 5 9 0 .0 0 0 3 1 6 0 .0 0 0 4 8 5 0 .0 0 0 2 1 1 0 . 0 1 1 5 8 7 0 .0 0 2 0 1 3 0 .0 0 4 2 6 6 0

6 3 . O P T IC A L * O P T h A LM IC AND PHO TO GRAPHIC E Q U IP M EN T. . • • .0 0 0 0 9 0 0 .0 0 0 0 7 0 0 .0 0 0 0 4 9 0 .0 0 0 0 5 4 0 .0 0 0 1 2 9 0 .0 0 0 4 7 2 0 .0 0 0 1 4 1 0

6 4 . M ISCELLA N EO U S MANUFACTURING .................................................. .0 0 2 5 1 0 0 .0 0 0 5 9 8 0 .0 0 1 4 2 8 0 .0 0 0 7 4 7 0 .0 0 0 9 5 6 0 .0 0 5 1 7 9 0 .0 0 3 0 8 6 0

6 5 . TRA N SPO R TA TIO N AND W AREHOUSING............................................. .0 4 2 5 3 6 0 .0 4 0 4 9 3 0 . 0 1 8 4 9 1 0 .0 1 9 0 9 9 0 . 0 1 5 2 2 1 0 .0 1 3 3 4 9 0 . 0 1 1 7 5 9 0

6 6 . CO M M UN ICA TIO N S*EXCEPT B RO A D CA STIN G.................................. .0 0 4 1 2 8 0 .0 0 4 7 2 5 0 .0 0 3 6 0 0 0 .0 0 1 2 9 4 0 . 0 0 4 7 1 5 0 . 0 0 3 1 3 2 0 .0 0 3 3 7 3 0

6 7 . R A D IO AND T E L E V IS IO N BRO AD CASTIN G .................................. . . - - - - - - -

6 8 . E L E C T R IC ,G A S * W A T E R AND SA N ITA R Y S E R V IC E S . . . . .0 5 7 5 0 3 0 .0 6 4 3 8 3 0 . 0 2 8 7 1 1 0 .0 1 2 5 5 7 0 .0 1 3 3 8 0 0 .0 1 8 7 0 0 0 . 0 1 6 4 7 1 0

6 9 . WHOLESALE AND R E T A IL TR A D E ........................................................ .0 3 1 3 3 4 0 .0 2 9 9 2 7 0 .0 2 7 9 7 0 0 .0 3 3 5 5 4 0 .0 3 6 9 7 5 0 .0 3 0 0 3 4 0 .0 3 5 2 8 0 0

7 0 . F IN A N C E AND INSURANCE ................................................................... .0 0 9 4 6 6 0 .0 0 6 9 8 9 0 .0 0 6 9 2 7 0 .0 0 5 9 8 8 0 .0 0 7 6 9 5 0 .0 0 7 6 2 4 0 .0 0 6 3 1 8 0

7 1 . R EA L E ST A TE AND R EN TA L................................................................... .0 0 7 2 6 2 0 .0 0 3 4 2 8 0 .0 0 3 6 5 2 0 .0 0 3 8 1 7 0 .0 0 5 7 0 2 0 .0 0 7 6 7 5 0 .0 0 4 8 7 2 0

7 2 . H O T E L S ,P E R S O N A L AND R E P A IR S E R V IC E S ,E X C E P T AUTO . . .0 0 1 4 0 1 0 . 0 G 10 6 9 0 .0 0 0 7 4 5 0 .0 0 0 8 6 1 0 . 0 0 1 2 4 1 0 .0 0 1 4 5 5 0 .0 0 1 3 9 4 0

7 3 . B U S IN E S S S E R V IC E S .............................................................................. . 0 1 6 5 4 1 0 .0 1 3 9 0 5 0 .0 0 9 2 8 4 0 .0 1 2 2 8 2 0 .0 1 6 6 0 8 0 . 0 1 5 1 6 6 0 .0 2 0 8 7 9 0

7 4 . R ESEA R CH AND DEVELO PM EN T............................................................. . 0 0 1 1 5 4 0 .0 0 0 7 4 2 0 .0 0 0 7 8 1 0 .0 0 1 0 3 3 0 . 0 0 1 1 3 6 0 .0 0 1 0 8 9 0 . 0 0 1 1 1 3 0

7 5 . AUTOMOBILE R E P A IR AND S E R V IC E S ............................................. .0 0 2 4 1 8 0 .0 0 0 3 0 5 0 .0 0 0 8 3 4 0 .0 0 4 7 3 4 0 .0 0 3 5 9 5 0 .0 0 0 9 8 3 0 .0 0 1 4 5 7 0

7 6 . AMUSEMENTS.................................................................................................... .0 0 0 0 3 6 0 . C C 0 0 2 6 0 .0 0 0 0 1 9 0 .0 0 0 0 1 9 0 .0 0 0 0 3 2 0 .0 0 0 0 3 7 0 .C C 0 0 3 6 C

7 7 . M E D IC A L,E D U C A T IO N A L AND NO N PROFIT O RG A N IZA T IO N S • • .0 0 1 2 3 0 0 . 0 0 1 1 7 6 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 4 0 . 0 0 1 2 1 6 0 . 0 0 1 1 8 5 0 .0 0 1 1 6 7 0 .0 0 1 0 8 2 0

7 8 . FED ER A L GOVERNMENT E N T E R P R IS E S ............................................. .0 0 0 8 1 8 0 .0 0 0 7 3 1 0 .0 0 0 4 5 5 0 . 0 0 0 6 7 1 0 .0 0 0 9 6 5 0 .0 0 0 9 7 2 0 .0 0 0 9 0 4 0

7 9 . ST A TE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT E N T E R P R IS E S ....................... .0 0 1 3 0 0 0 .0 0 0 6 8 3 0 .0 0 0 2 9 5 0 .0 0 0 0 9 6 0 .0 0 0 2 2 5 0 .0 0 0 2 7 1 0 .0 0 0 2 3 0 0

8 0 . GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND S E R V IC E S ............................ .0 2 5 4 3 9 0 .0 5 2 0 7 9 0 .0 7 4 8 0 3 0 .0 0 0 1 9 0 0 .0 0 2 2 3 3 0 .0 1 3 6 9 2 0 .0 4 3 3 5 8 0

8 1 . B U S IN E S S T R A V E L ,E N T E R T A IN M E N T AND G I F T S . . . . .0 0 6 9 8 0 0 .0 0 3 1 6 6 0 .0 0 3 5 8 5 0 .0 0 2 6 9 0 0 .0 0 6 4 8 0 0 .0 0 7 5 2 3 0 • C 0 7 8 4 1C

8 2 . O F F IC E S U P P L IE S ................................................................................... .0 0 0 7 8 1 0 .0 0 0 5 5 2 0 . C 0 0 4 7 6 0 .0 0 0 3 3 5 0 .0 0 0 6 6 2 0 .0 0 0 9 1 8 0 .0 0 0 9 8 0 0

T O T A L 4 ............................................................................................................... .5 5 5 9 4 0 0 .6 2 8 9 1 8 0 .6 3 8 8 9 9 0 . 6 1 3 1 2 1 0 .5 5 8 2 6 3 0 . 5 1 4 9 1 5 0 .5 6 6 4 2 3 0

See fo o tn o tes on p . 1 3 1 .

110

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T A B LE D -13. D IR E C T R EQ U IREM EN TS PER D O LLA R O F GROSS OUTPUT, 19 8 0 1------Continued

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1 . L IV E S T O C K AND L IV E S T O C K P RO DU CTS..................................................

. _ _ . . . .

2 . OTHER A GR ICU LT U R A L P R00U CTS ............................................................. - - - - - - -

3 . FO RESTR Y AND F IS H E R Y PRODUCTS ........................................................ - - - - - - -

4 . A G R IC U L T U R A L ,F O R E S T R Y AND F IS H E R Y S E R V IC E S ....................... - .0 0 1 1 9 9 0 - - - - -

5 . IRO N AND FERR O A LLO Y ORES M IN IN G .................................................. - - - -.0 0 0 1 5 7 0 - -

6 . NONFERROUS METAL ORES M IN IN G ............................................................. - - - - - - -

7 . COAL M IN ING ......................................................................................................... .0 0 1 0 2 0 0 .0 0 0 9 1 3 0 .0 0 0 6 6 6 0 -.0 0 0 0 1 3 0 •0 0 0 19 9 C

8 . CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS . . . . . . . . . .

_ _ _ - _ _ _

9. STONE AND C LA Y M IN IN G AND QUARRYING ........................................ - •0 C 0 14 9 0 . 0 0 0 1 1 8 0 - - - .0 0 2 3 4 5 0

1 0 . CH EM ICA L AND F E R T I L I Z E R M INERAL M IN IN G.................................. - - - - - - -

1 1 . NEW CO N S TR U CTIO N............................ ................................................................. - - - - - - -

1 2 . MAINTENANCE AND R E P A IR CO NSTRUCTIO N ....................................... .0 0 0 2 9 8 0 .0 0 0 6 6 2 0 .0 0 0 2 2 3 0 . 0 0 0 3 1 1 C .0 0 2 0 3 6 0 .0 0 0 8 9 5 0 .0 0 1 0 9 9 0

1 3 . ORDNANCE AND A C C E S S O R IE S ........................................................................ - .0 0 2 4 7 6 0 .0 0 0 3 2 1 0 - .0 0 0 2 7 4 0 .0 0 0 7 6 6 0 .0 0 0 1 2 4 0

1 4 . FOOD AND K IN D RED PRODUCTS ................................................................... - •0 C 0 0 5 5 0 “ .0 0 0 0 8 9 0 - .0 0 0 3 7 2 0 -

1 5 . TOBACCO M ANUFACTURES...................................................................................

_ _ _ _ _ _ _

1 6 . BROAD AND NARROW F A B R IC S ,Y A R N AND THREAD M IL L S . . . .0 0 0 0 8 8 0 .0 0 0 0 5 5 0 .0 0 0 0 7 9 0 .0 0 1 4 7 3 0 - .0 0 1 2 0 2 0 .0 0 0 5 3 6 0

1 7 . M ISCELLA N EO U S T E X T IL E GCODS AND FLOOR C O VE R IN G S . . .0 0 0 2 1 5 0 - - - - - -

1 8 . APPAREL .................................................................................................................... .0 0 0 6 1 8 0 .0 0 0 6 2 8 0 .0 0 0 6 7 8 0 .0 0 0 6 5 9 0 .0 0 0 9 8 3 0 .0 0 0 8 9 0 0 .0 0 0 8 3 2 0

1 9 . M ISCELLA N EO U S F A B R IC A T E D T E X T IL E PRODUCTS .......................

- - - - - - -

2 0 . LUMBER AND WOOD PRO D U CTS, E X C EP T C O N T A IN E R S....................... .0 0 0 2 4 8 0 .0 0 3 1 9 9 0 . 0 0 1 1 4 2 0 .0 0 0 7 1 7 0 .0 0 1 2 9 2 0 .0 0 5 0 2 2 0 . 0 0 1 3 1 1 0

2 1 . WOODEN CO N TA IN ER S ......................................................................................... - . 0 C 0 1 2 2 0 -

.0 0 0 0 0 6 0 .0 0 0 0 0 2 0 .0 0 0 0 6 1 0 • 00 00 24C

2 2 . HOUSEHOLD FU R N ITU R E .................................................................................... -

.0 0 0 0 3 2 0 .0 0 0 1 3 2 0 -

.0 0 0 0 2 7 0 .0 0 0 0 3 7 0 .0 0 0 2 7 7 0

2 3 . OTHER FU R N ITU R E AND F IX T U R E S ............................................................. - .0 0 0 4 1 6 0 - .0 0 0 3 2 6 0 .C C C C C 1 0 .0 0 0 0 1 6 0 .0 0 0 0 9 2 0

2 4 . PAPER AND A L L IE D P R O D U C T S ,E X C E P T CO N TA IN ER S .... .0 0 1 0 6 9 0 .0 0 0 5 5 4 0 .0 0 0 8 8 0 0 .0 0 0 6 3 8 0 .0 0 0 0 0 7 0 .0 0 2 0 2 6 0 .0 0 2 6 3 5 0

2 5 . PAPERBOARD CO N TA IN ER S AND BOXES .................................................. .0 0 4 5 9 9 0 .0 0 2 0 4 5 0 .0 0 0 8 4 8 0 .0 0 0 3 5 8 0 .0 0 0 2 7 7 0 .0 0 0 2 8 8 0 .0 0 1 5 9 2 0

2 6 . P R IN T IN G AND P U B L IS H IN G ........................................................................ .0 0 1 4 3 8 0 .0 0 0 4 4 2 0 .0 0 0 4 1 6 0 i .0 0 0 5 6 3 0 .0 0 0 0 8 1 0 .0 0 0 9 3 2 0 •0 0 0 5 2 9 C

2 7 . C H EM ICA LS AND SE L E C T E D CH EM ICA L PRO DU CTS............................ .0 0 0 0 5 5 0 .0 0 0 9 3 9 0 .0 0 0 8 9 7 0 - .0 0 0 9 6 4 0 .0 0 2 0 4 4 0 .0 0 1 7 3 5 0

2 8 . P L A S T IC S AND S Y N T H E T IC M A T E R IA L S.................................................. .0 0 0 6 2 1 0 .0 0 0 1 4 2 0 .0 0 0 4 6 0 0 .0 0 0 4 8 0 0 .0 0 0 4 2 7 0 .0 0 0 6 8 8 0 .0 0 0 2 5 9 0

2 9 . D R U G S ,C LE A N IN G AND T O IL E T P R E P A R A T IO N S.................................. .0 0 0 4 5 8 0 .0 0 0 5 9 4 0 .0 0 0 5 3 6 0 .0 0 0 7 2 4 0 .0 0 0 4 1 8 0 .0 0 0 7 0 6 0 • 00 04 32C

3 0 . P A IN T S AND A L L IE D PRO DU CTS................................................................... .0 0 1 2 0 0 0 .0 0 3 8 2 5 0 .0 0 1 4 7 6 0 .0 0 2 5 9 7 0 .0 0 0 0 4 7 0 .0 0 0 3 2 0 0 .0 0 0 6 7 5 0

3 1 . PETROLEUM R E F IN IN G AND RELA TED IN D U S T R IE S ....................... .0 0 3 7 9 5 0 .0 0 3 6 3 5 0 .0 0 4 2 4 5 0 • 0 0 32 7C C .0 0 4 8 9 4 0 .0 0 5 3 3 0 0 .0 0 3 5 4 5 0

3 2 . RUBBER AND M ISCELLA N EO U S P L A S T IC S PRO DU CTS....................... .0 0 7 0 9 3 0 .0 4 6 8 8 6 0 . 0 2 1 8 9 1 0 .0 2 4 9 1 6 0 .0 0 4 8 4 5 0 .0 1 9 0 9 7 0 .0 0 5 5 9 8 0

3 3 . LEA TH ER TANNING AND IN D U S T R IA L LEA THER PRODUCTS . . .0 0 0 0 9 7 0 .0 0 0 6 9 5 0 .0 0 0 0 9 1 0 .0 0 0 0 6 7 0 .0 0 0 0 4 9 0 .0 0 0 8 0 1 0 • C 0 0 16 6 C

3 4 . FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEA TH ER PROOUCTS ........................................ .0 0 0 0 0 7 0 .0 0 0 0 0 6 0 .0 0 0 0 0 7 0 .0 0 0 0 0 9 0 .0 0 0 0 6 4 0 .0 0 0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 0 0 0 9 0

3 5 . G LA SS AND GLASS PRO DU CTS........................................................................ .0 0 0 5 0 2 0 .0 0 0 1 0 4 0 .0 0 0 0 2 7 0 .0 0 0 2 9 3 0 .0 0 0 1 3 1 0 .0 0 0 0 4 5 0 .0 0 0 0 5 0 0

3 6 . STONE AND C LA Y PRODUCTS ........................................................................ .0 0 6 2 3 3 0 .0 0 5 1 7 3 0 .0 0 5 6 0 2 0 .0 0 3 7 1 0 0 .0 0 7 1 6 6 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 5 0 .0 0 8 8 1 6 0

3 7 . PRIM ARY IRO N AND S T E E L M ANUFACTURING....................................... .0 5 9 0 4 0 0 .1 0 7 2 2 4 0 . 1 1 8 4 4 4 0 .0 9 4 8 9 5 0 .0 6 6 1 3 4 0 .0 7 5 1 7 5 0 . 0 8 5 1 7 5 0

3 8 . PRIM ARY NONFERROUS M ETALS MANUFACTURING ............................ . 0 3 5 2 1 4 0 .0 1 3 1 0 4 0 .0 1 0 0 5 7 0 .0 2 2 6 3 6 0 .0 2 9 5 8 2 0 .0 4 5 9 7 9 0 .0 2 6 8 0 6 0

3 9 . METAL C O N T A IN E R S ........................................................................

- - .0 0 0 0 3 4 0 .O O C C C 1C .0 0 0 2 6 3 0 .0 0 0 0 0 8 0 .0 0 0 0 0 4 0

4 0 . H E A T IN G ,P LU M B IN G AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRO O U CTS. . . . 0 0 1 1 5 0 0 .0 0 2 2 7 3 0 .0 1 7 4 4 0 0 . 0 1 2 0 2 7 0 .0 0 3 6 9 1 0 . 0 1 0 4 1 3 0 . 0 1 7 9 0 3 0

4 1 . STA M PIN GS,SCR EW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND B O L T S....................... .0 1 8 4 0 5 0 .0 2 5 8 7 3 0 .0 0 4 8 4 3 0 . 0 1 4 9 1 3 0 .0 2 2 5 4 9 0 .0 0 9 7 9 5 0 • 0 0 9 2 6 2 C

4 2 . OTHER F A B R IC A T E D METAL PRODUCTS .................................................. .0 0 1 2 0 2 0 .0 0 4 4 5 5 0 . 0 1 3 1 1 8 0 .0 2 0 6 5 2 0 .0 1 9 9 0 4 0 . 0 1 5 5 6 5 0 . 0 1 8 1 9 2 0

4 3 . E N G IN E S AND T U R B IN E S .................................................................................... .0 7 5 7 7 9 0 .0 3 3 5 6 2 0 .0 1 8 9 9 9 0 .0 0 7 8 2 0 0 .0 0 1 6 7 2 0 .0 0 0 4 4 0 0 .0 0 9 3 7 8 0

4 4 . FARM M ACHINERY AND EQ U IPM EN T............................................................. .0 1 0 9 0 0 0 . 0 3 1 6 7 7 0 . 0 1 1 3 8 2 0 .0 0 3 7 8 6 0 .0 0 1 2 5 2 0 .0 0 2 2 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 7 1 1 0

4 5 . C O N S T R U C T IO N ,M IN IN G AND O IL F IE L D M ACHINERY .... .0 2 4 2 4 0 0 .0 0 9 9 6 7 0 .0 5 2 5 7 2 0 .0 4 4 5 9 9 0 .0 0 1 7 0 2 0 .0 0 6 5 2 8 0 .0 0 6 4 3 6 0

4 6 . M A TERIA LS HAN DLING M ACHINERY AND E Q U IP M EN T. .... .0 0 1 4 3 9 0 .0 0 0 4 4 4 0 .0 0 6 3 6 2 0 .0 4 7 5 5 2 0 • 00 274 C0 .0 0 5 3 9 2 0 .0 0 8 6 8 3 0

4 7 . METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQ U IPM ENT........................................ .0 1 6 8 7 0 0 .0 1 6 8 9 8 0 .0 1 6 4 2 3 0 .0 1 4 0 3 9 0 .0 5 7 5 0 7 0 . 0 1 9 4 1 7 0 . 0 1 5 1 5 9 0

4 8 . S P E C IA L IN D U STR Y MACHINERY AND E Q U IPM EN T............................ .0 0 0 9 6 3 0 .0 0 2 3 1 8 0 . 0 0 1 5 6 1 0 .0 0 3 7 0 3 0 .0 0 5 8 0 2 0 .0 5 1 8 9 8 0 .0 0 4 5 9 2 0

4 9 . GENERAL IN D U S T R IA L MACHINERY AND EQ U IPM EN T....................... .0 2 4 9 1 8 0 .0 6 4 8 6 1 0 .0 7 2 6 2 2 0 .0 8 9 4 6 5 0 .0 4 2 8 7 8 0 .0 7 0 4 5 9 0 . 0 8 6 4 6 9 C

5 0 . MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS .............................................................................. .0 4 2 0 8 8 0 .0 2 1 2 6 3 0 .0 0 6 5 2 5 0 .0 2 2 9 1 6 0 .0 0 8 8 4 9 0 .0 0 5 6 6 0 0 .0 0 8 2 1 4 0

5 1 . O F F IC E ,C O M P U T IN G AND ACCOUNTING M A CH IN ES............................. - - .0 0 0 9 2 7 0 .0 0 2 9 3 6 0 .0 0 0 0 6 6 0 .0 0 4 2 2 3 0 •C0 0 0 9 4 C

5 2 . S E R V IC E IN D U STR Y M ACHINES ................................................................... .0 0 0 0 9 7 0 .0 0 0 3 9 9 0 .0 0 0 6 7 3 0 .0 0 1 9 3 9 0 .0 0 2 0 0 6 0 .0 0 4 8 4 5 0 .0 0 8 9 0 6 0

5 3 . E L E C T R IC IN D U S T R IA L EQUIPM ENT AND APPARATUS .... .0 1 7 2 0 9 0 .0 0 5 8 7 4 0 .0 2 2 6 8 7 0 .0 6 1 8 5 7 0 .0 5 5 0 4 7 0 .0 4 5 3 4 6 0 .0 6 4 0 1 9 0

5 4 . HOUSEHOLD A P P L IA N C E S ................................................................................... .0 0 0 0 4 8 0 .0 0 4 1 2 3 0 .0 0 0 2 1 6 0 - .0 0 3 8 5 3 0 .0 0 1 5 4 5 0 -

5 5 . E L E C T R IC L IG H T IN G AND W IR IN G EQ U IPM EN T.................................. .0 0 0 4 6 4 0 .0 0 0 6 8 2 0 . 0 0 1 1 3 1 0 .0 0 2 8 9 2 0 .0 0 0 6 0 9 0 .0 0 0 4 8 2 0 .0 0 1 0 8 3 0

5 6 . R A D IO ,T E L E V IS IO N AND COMMUNICATION E Q U IP M EN T. . . . .0 0 0 0 8 9 0 .0 0 0 0 7 6 0 .0 0 0 9 2 3 0 .0 0 0 1 8 2 0 .0 0 0 0 5 5 0 .0 1 1 2 8 4 0 .0 0 2 3 3 8 0

5 7 . E L E C T R O N IC COMPONENTS AND A C C E S S O R IE S .................................. .0 0 0 9 3 8 0 .0 0 0 9 3 8 0 .0 0 3 1 0 0 0 .0 0 1 5 8 6 0 .0 0 5 1 6 6 0 . 0 1 0 3 3 3 0 .0 0 7 7 5 0 0

5 8 . M ISCELLA N EO U S E L E C T R IC A L MACHINERY AND EQ U IP M EN T. . . 0 1 8 2 1 9 0 .0 0 7 6 9 6 0 . 0 0 1 6 1 4 0 .0 0 2 4 1 0 0 .G C G 0 9 6 0 .0 0 0 4 2 7 0 .0 0 1 0 1 2 0

5 9 . MOTOR V E H IC L E S AND E Q U IPM EN T............................................................. . 0 2 5 1 7 0 0 .0 1 5 5 4 5 0 .0 1 3 8 5 8 0 .0 0 9 2 9 4 0 .0 4 7 4 2 1 0 .0 0 2 6 6 4 0 . 0 0 6 1 7 5 0

6 0 . A IR C R A F T AND P A R T S ......................................................................................... .0 0 9 5 1 4 0 .0 0 1 9 5 6 0 .0 0 0 6 2 6 0 .0 0 1 8 0 8 0 .0 0 5 3 4 4 0 .0 0 3 3 0 8 0 . 0 1 5 9 6 2 0

6 1 . OTHER TRA N SPO RTA TIO N EQ U IPM EN T........................................................ .0 0 7 1 0 2 0 .0 0 1 5 2 7 0 .0 0 3 8 5 4 0 .0 0 3 1 8 4 0 .0 0 0 2 2 0 0 .0 0 2 4 5 7 0 .0 0 3 9 7 4 0

6 2 . S C I E N T I F I C AND C O N TR O LLIN G IN STR U M EN TS.................................. .0 0 0 8 7 2 0 .0 0 1 4 0 8 0 .0 0 0 8 3 9 0 .0 0 0 5 5 5 0 .0 0 1 6 6 7 0 .0 0 2 0 0 1 0 .0 0 7 0 8 9 0

6 3 . O P T IC A L ,O P T H A L M IC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC E Q U IP M EN T. . . . .0 0 0 0 5 8 0 .0 0 0 0 6 0 0 .0 0 0 0 6 3 0 .0 0 0 0 6 4 0 .0 0 0 1 2 7 0 .0 0 1 7 6 3 0 .0 0 0 2 3 6 0

6 4 . M ISCELLA N EO U S MANUFACTURING ............................................................. .0 0 1 2 9 8 0 .0 0 0 9 5 1 0 .0 0 0 5 7 8 0 .0 2 7 8 3 6 0 .0 0 2 4 8 8 0 .0 0 0 8 9 8 0 . G 0 0 2 8 3 0

6 5 . TRA N SPO RTA TIO N AND W AREHOUSING........................................................ . 0 1 0 1 9 2 0 .0 1 2 7 9 7 0 . 0 1 1 8 3 3 0 .0 1 0 3 5 9 0 .0 0 6 7 5 4 0 .0 1 0 4 2 2 0 . 0 1 0 8 7 3 0

6 6 . C O M M U N ICA TIO N S,EX CEPT B RO A D CA STIN G............................................. .0 0 2 8 8 6 0 . 0 0 3 1 1 7 0 .0 0 3 6 6 8 0 .0 0 3 7 9 0 0 .0 0 8 9 4 0 0 .0 1 0 2 6 0 0 .0 0 9 7 0 2 0

6 7 . R A DIO AND T E L E V IS IO N BRO AD CASTIN G ............................................. - - - - - - -

6 8 . E L E C T R IC ,G A S ,W A T E R AND SA N ITA R Y S E R V IC E S ............................ .0 0 6 4 7 4 0 . 0 0 7 7 1 1 0 .0 0 9 9 9 4 0 .0 0 6 9 2 2 0 .0 1 0 6 7 0 0 .0 0 9 4 0 9 0 .0 0 9 9 6 7 0

6 9 . WHOLESALE AND R E T A IL TRA D E................................................................... .0 2 5 2 6 9 0 .0 3 8 1 2 6 0 .0 3 5 0 1 4 0 .0 4 3 7 4 4 0 .0 2 9 4 3 7 0 .0 3 4 6 7 2 0 .0 4 4 7 7 0 0

7 0 . F IN A N C E AND INSURA NCE .............................................................................. . 0 0 5 5 1 5 0 .0 0 7 8 7 0 0 .0 0 6 5 9 4 0 .0 0 7 4 7 2 0 .0 0 7 3 6 6 0 .0 0 6 6 5 0 0 .0 0 5 7 5 3 0

7 1 . REAL EST A TE AND R E N T A L . . . . . ................................................... .0 0 4 0 2 0 0 .0 0 4 5 6 1 0 .0 0 4 9 1 9 0 .0 0 8 4 5 0 0 . 0 1 5 8 4 1 0 .0 0 8 6 2 8 0 .0 0 6 2 9 4 0

7 2 . H O T EL S,P E R S O N A L AND R E P A IR S E R V IC E S , E X C EP T AUTO . . .0 0 0 9 2 9 0 .0 0 0 9 8 3 0 .0 0 1 0 2 5 0 .0 0 1 0 4 1 0 . 0 0 1 5 3 2 0 .0 0 1 3 9 8 0 . 0 0 1 2 0 3 0

7 3 . B U S IN E S S S E R V IC E S ......................................................................................... .0 2 4 2 6 3 0 .0 3 2 7 6 9 0 .0 2 0 8 4 2 0 .0 2 3 9 7 6 0 .0 1 8 1 0 2 0 . 0 2 0 5 5 1 0 . 0 2 0 1 3 3 0

7 4 . RESEA R CH ANO DEVELO PM EN T........................................................................ .0 0 0 7 8 6 0 .0 0 0 7 6 2 0 .0 0 0 8 1 9 0 . 0 0 0 6 1 7 0 .0 0 0 7 9 6 0 .0 0 0 7 1 6 0 .0 0 0 7 7 2 0

7 5 . AUTOMOBILE R E P A IR ANO S E R V IC E S ........................................................ .0 0 0 4 8 6 0 .0 0 1 0 4 0 0 .0 0 1 0 2 2 0 .0 0 0 6 7 2 0 .0 0 0 9 1 9 0 .0 0 1 6 6 5 0 .0 0 0 7 9 9 0

7 6 . AMUSEMENTS............................................................................................................... .0 0 0 0 2 7 0 .0 0 0 0 2 6 0 .0 0 0 0 2 9 0 .0 0 0 0 3 2 0 .0 0 0 0 4 0 0 .0 0 0 0 3 8 0 .0 0 0 0 3 6 0

7 7 . M E D IC A L,E D U C A T IO N A L AND NO N PROFIT O R G A N IZA T IO N S . . .0 0 1 0 8 5 0 .0 0 1 1 0 4 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 7 0 .0 0 1 0 4 0 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 . 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 .0 0 1 0 9 9 0

7 8 . FED ER A L GOVERNMENT E N T E R P R IS E S ........................................................ .0 0 0 9 0 7 0 .0 0 1 6 9 5 0 .0 0 0 7 2 5 0 . 0 0 1 1 6 3 0 .0 0 0 7 3 7 0 .0 0 0 8 6 6 0 .0 0 0 9 3 3 0

7 9 . ST A TE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT E N T E R P R IS E S .................................. .0 0 0 1 4 2 0 .0 0 0 2 9 4 0 .0 0 0 1 4 6 0 .0 0 0 0 8 2 0 . 0 0 0 1 1 6 0 .0 0 0 1 7 9 0 . 0 0 0 1 5 7 0

8 0 . GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND S E R V IC E S ....................................... .0 4 0 5 3 1 0 .0 8 5 4 0 1 0 .0 2 7 1 9 3 0 .0 1 5 8 5 4 0 .0 2 6 9 9 8 0 .0 5 4 5 5 4 0 . 0 3 8 4 7 1 0

8 1 . B U S IN E S S T R A V EL ,E N T ER T A IN M E N T AND G I F T S ............................. .0 0 7 2 5 8 0 .0 0 6 0 3 6 0 .0 0 7 7 9 8 0 .0 0 9 6 2 2 0 .0 0 8 6 7 9 0 .0 0 9 4 1 5 0 .0 0 9 5 9 0 0

8 2 . O F F IC E S U P P L IE S .............................................................................................. .0 0 0 8 7 3 0 .0 0 0 9 7 0 0 .0 0 0 9 6 0 0 . 0 0 1 1 9 9 0 .0 0 1 0 7 4 0 .0 0 1 2 0 8 0 .0 0 1 1 8 0 0

TO T A L4 ......................................................................................................................... .5 5 4 5 8 3 0 .6 5 5 3 6 2 0 .5 7 5 9 4 4 0 .6 9 2 7 8 8 0 . 5 5 1 9 3 3 0 .6 2 7 9 3 3 0 . 6 1 1 5 1 7 0

See footnotes on p . 1 3 1 .

111

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T A B L E D -13. D IR E C T R EQ U IREM EN TS PER D O L LA R O F GROSS OUTPUT, 19 8 0 ‘— Continued

(P r o d u c e r s v a lu e s - 19 5 8 d o lla r s ) 2

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1 . L IV E S T O C K AND L IV E S T O C K PRO DU CTS........................................ _ _ _ _ _ .

2 . OTHER A G R IC U LT U R A L PRODUCTS .................................................. - - - - - - -

3 . FO R E ST R Y AN0 F IS H E R Y PRODUCTS ............................................. - - - - - - -

4 . A G R IC U L T U R A L ,F O R E S T R Y AND F IS H E R Y S E R V IC E S . . . - - - - - - -

5 . IRON AND FERR O A LLO Y ORES M IN IN G ........................................ - - - .0 0 0 6 2 4 0 - - -

6 . NONFERROUS METAL ORES M IN IN G.................................................. - - - - - .0 0 1 3 9 4 0 -

7 . COAL M IN IN G ............................................................................................... .0 0 0 1 3 5 0 .0 0 0 3 4 3 0 .0 0 0 3 3 7 0 .0 0 0 3 4 2 0 . G 0 0 2 8 9 C

8 . CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS .......................................

- - - _ _ _ -

9 . STONE AND C LA Y M IN IN G AND QUARRYING ............................. .0 0 0 0 2 6 0 - - - - - -

1 0 . CH EM ICA L AND F E R T I L I Z E R MINERAL M IN IN G ....................... . . - - - - - - -

1 1 . NEW CO N S TR U C TIO N ................................................................................... - - - - - - -

1 2 . M AINTENANCE AND R E P A IR CO N STRU CTIO N ............................. .0 0 3 9 7 7 0 .0 0 0 7 0 2 0 . 0 0 1 1 7 5 0 .0 0 1 2 8 3 0 .0 0 0 6 1 4 0 .0 0 0 0 5 5 0 • 0 0 12 8 4 C

1 3 . ORDNANCE AND A C C E S S O R IE S ............................................................. .0 0 0 0 4 3 0 . 0 0 1 1 2 3 0 - .0 0 1 3 1 8 0 .0 0 0 0 0 6 0 .0 0 0 0 0 8 0 . 0 1 4 9 2 2 0

1 4 . FOOD AND K IN D R ED PRODUCTS ........................................................ .0 0 0 0 8 6 0 .0 0 0 0 0 6 0 -

1 5 . TOBACCO M ANUFACTURES........................................................................

_ _ _ _ _ _ _

1 6 . BROAD AND NARROW F A B R IC S ,Y A R N AND THREAD M IL L S . . . .0 0 0 0 0 1 0 .0 0 0 0 6 0 0 . 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 .0 0 0 2 8 7 0 .0 0 2 5 2 3 0 - .0 0 0 2 3 0 0

1 7 . M ISCELLA N EO U S T E X T IL E GOODS AND FLOOR C O VE R IN G S • . - . O C00 030 - .0 0 0 3 1 9 0 .0 0 0 0 7 4 0 .0 0 0 0 0 7 0 -

1 8 . APPA R EL .......................................................................................................... . 0 0 1 1 9 8 0 .0 0 0 7 7 8 0 .0 0 0 6 5 3 0 .0 0 0 8 3 3 0 .0 0 0 6 5 7 0 .0 0 0 8 7 4 0 .0 0 0 6 5 3 0

1 9 . M ISCELLA N EO U S F A B R IC A T E D T E X T IL E PRODUCTS . . . .0 0 0 0 0 1 0 - .0 0 0 0 4 7 0 - - - .0 0 0 0 1 3 0

2 0 . LUMBER AND WOOD PRO D U CTS, EXC EP T C O N T A IN E R S . . . - .0 0 0 5 0 3 0 .0 0 3 0 9 0 0 . 0 0 1 1 9 0 0 .0 0 1 5 0 6 0 . 0 0 1 1 3 7 0 . 0 0 1 6 1 2 0

2 1 . WOODEN CO N T A IN E R S .............................................................................. * .0 0 0 1 4 7 0 .0 0 2 2 3 7 0 .0 0 0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 2 5 1 2 0 - -

2 2 . HOUSEHOLD FU R N ITU R E ......................................................................... - - .0 0 0 9 2 1 0 -.0 0 0 1 6 3 0 .0 0 0 0 0 7 0 .0 0 9 1 9 8 0

2 3 . OTHER F U R N ITU R E AND F IX T U R E S .................................................. .0 0 0 0 0 1 0 .0 0 0 1 5 9 0 .0 0 0 4 7 9 0 .0 0 0 0 0 4 0 .0 0 0 2 3 7 0 .0 0 0 0 0 2 0 .0 0 0 0 0 6 0

2 4 . PA PER AND A L L IE D P R O O U C T S.EX C E P T CO N T A IN E R S . . . . .0 0 0 0 8 4 0 .0 0 6 6 4 7 0 .0 0 3 9 1 4 0 .0 0 77 6 C C .0 0 1 4 9 6 0 .0 0 2 6 7 9 0 .0 0 4 1 8 0 0

2 5 . PAPERBOARD CO N T A IN E R S AND BOXES ........................................ -

.0 0 1 7 1 8 0 .0 0 8 3 1 9 0 .0 0 3 8 7 8 0 .0 0 9 6 5 2 0 . 0 1 7 1 5 2 0 .0 0 4 9 1 6 0

2 6 . P R IN T IN G ANO P U B L IS H IN G .............................................................. .0 0 0 1 8 6 0 . 0 0 3 2 6 1 0 .0 0 0 2 3 5 0 . 0 0 1 1 8 5 0 .0 0 0 6 5 2 0 . 0 0 0 3 1 5 0 .0 0 1 3 8 9 0

2 7 . CH EM ICA LS ANO S E L E C T E D CH EM ICA L P RO D U CTS. . . . .0 0 0 0 0 1 0 .0 0 0 3 6 3 0 . 0 0 6 5 1 5 0 .0 0 3 8 3 7 0 .0 0 5 1 8 2 0 .0 0 5 3 9 6 0 .0 0 0 9 8 2 0

2 8 . P L A S T IC S AND S Y N T H E T IC M A T E R IA L S ........................................ . 0 0 1 1 4 0 0 .0 0 0 9 9 3 0 .0 0 6 8 0 6 0 .0 0 2 5 9 1 0 .0 2 3 3 5 3 0 .0 0 6 5 4 0 0

2 9 . D R U G S ,C L E A N IN G AND T O IL E T P R E P A R A T IO N S....................... .0 0 0 6 5 1 0 .0 0 0 2 1 9 0 .0 0 0 7 2 6 0 .0 0 0 1 1 8 0 • 0 0 0 1 9 1 0 . 0 0 0 1 7 5 0 .0 0 0 3 3 9 0

3 0 . P A IN T S AND A L L IE D P RO DU CTS........................................................ - .0 0 1 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 5 1 8 8 0 .0 0 2 9 8 8 0 .0 0 4 8 3 7 0 .0 0 4 8 4 1 0 .0 0 0 4 3 3 0

3 1 . PETROLEUM R E F IN IN G AND R ELA TED IN D U S T R IE S . . . .0 0 9 9 0 1 0 .0 0 1 4 7 0 0 .0 0 2 9 2 5 0 .0 0 3 0 8 0 0 .0 0 1 2 6 8 0 .0 0 1 7 3 0 0 . 0 0 1 1 6 2 0

3 2 . RUBBER AND M ISCELLA N EO U S P L A S T IC S P RO O U CTS. . . . 0 0 1 7 7 5 0 .0 1 2 7 0 4 0 .0 2 1 8 4 3 0 .0 1 0 2 3 6 0 . 0 6 1 6 1 3 0 .0 1 9 4 4 8 0 . 0 1 4 4 1 6 0

3 3 . LEA TH ER TANNIN G AND IN D U S T R IA L LEA TH ER PRODUCTS . . • 0 0 0 2 19 0 .0 0 0 0 6 9 0 .0 0 0 0 9 6 0 .0 0 0 0 7 5 0 .0 0 0 1 6 9 0 . 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 1 1 6 0

3 4 . FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEA TH ER PRODUCTS ............................ .0 0 1 0 6 3 0 .0 0 0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 0 0 0 7 0 .0 0 0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 0 6 8 0 .0 0 0 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 1 0

3 5 . G L A SS AND G LA SS P RO DU CTS............................................................. .0 0 0 0 4 8 0 .0 0 0 2 4 6 0 .0 0 2 7 0 6 0 .0 0 0 8 6 2 0 . 0 0 2 1 1 8 0 .0 2 7 4 8 2 0 .0 0 4 2 1 6 0

3 6 . STONE AND CLA Y PRODUCTS . . ................................................... . 0 1 7 1 1 8 0 .0 0 2 6 2 5 0 .0 0 5 9 0 0 0 .0 0 5 0 9 3 0 .0 0 7 7 5 9 0 .0 0 6 4 3 5 0 .0 0 2 9 6 6 0

3 7 . PRIM ARY IRO N AND S T E E L M ANUFACTURING............................. .0 7 4 0 9 2 0 .0 1 2 0 6 0 0 .0 3 4 4 1 9 0 .0 4 4 6 9 5 0 .0 4 8 6 4 8 0 .0 5 1 6 8 5 0 . 0 0 5 1 1 6 0

3 8 . PRIM ARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING .... .0 5 2 7 8 5 0 .0 1 1 8 2 9 0 .0 4 1 6 6 9 0 . 1 0 0 1 8 1 0 .0 3 4 5 3 6 0 .0 6 1 6 5 3 0 .0 1 3 6 2 8 0

3 9 . m e t a l C O N T A IN E R S................................................................................... - - .0 0 0 0 0 9 0 - - .0 0 0 0 0 8 0 -

4 0 . H E A T IN G ,P LU M B IN G AND STRUCTURAL METAL PR O D U CTS. . . .0 0 1 8 8 7 0 .0 0 0 0 2 2 0 .0 2 3 3 6 0 0 .0 0 2 8 5 5 0 .0 1 8 3 2 8 0 .0 0 2 2 4 5 0 .0 0 0 6 1 3 0

4 1 . STA M P IN G S,SCR EW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND B O L T S . . . .0 0 4 4 0 6 0 .0 0 5 0 5 8 0 .0 2 6 4 3 5 0 .0 1 0 9 0 7 0 .0 4 6 3 7 8 0 .0 2 2 8 7 4 0 .0 1 0 6 3 6 0

4 2 . OTHER F A B R IC A T E D METAL PRODUCTS ....................................... .0 2 0 6 0 3 0 .0 0 5 8 1 8 0 . 0 2 1 9 0 5 0 .0 0 7 2 6 8 0 .0 2 8 4 5 7 0 .0 1 6 6 9 1 0 .0 0 7 7 9 9 0

4 3 . E N G IN E S AND T U R B IN E S ........................................................................ .0 0 4 6 9 0 0 _ .0 0 1 4 6 6 0 . 0 1 4 7 9 5 0 - _ _

4 4 . FARM M ACHINERY AND EQ U IPM EN T.................................................. .0 0 0 5 1 8 0 .0 0 0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 0 3 7 0 0 .0 0 0 1 6 2 0 .C C C Q G 50 .0 0 0 2 4 8 0 -

4 5 . C O N S T R U C T IO N ,M IN IN G AND O IL F IE L O M ACHINERY . . . . .0 0 2 8 3 3 0 .0 0 0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 0 4 4 5 0 .0 0 1 0 0 7 0 .0 0 0 3 2 9 0 .0 0 0 2 7 0 0 .0 0 0 1 4 4 0

4 6 . M A TER IA LS HAN DLING M ACHINERY AND E Q U IP M E N T . . . .0 0 0 4 8 8 0 .0 0 0 0 2 3 0 .0 0 1 4 4 6 0 .0 0 0 5 0 4 0 - . 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 0 0 1 4 0

4 7 . METALWORKING M ACHINERY AND EQ U IPM ENT............................. . 0 1 5 8 5 7 0 . 0 0 8 1 1 3 0 .0 0 2 6 1 3 0 .0 1 0 2 0 8 0 .0 0 6 9 3 9 0 .0 0 4 8 1 3 0 .0 0 3 4 1 6 0

4 8 . S P E C IA L IN D U STR Y M ACHINERY ANO E Q U IP M EN T. . . . .0 0 5 4 9 4 0 .0 0 4 6 8 5 0 .0 0 2 4 8 5 0 .0 0 0 9 9 6 0 .0 0 0 0 1 9 0 .0 0 C C 0 7 0 .0 0 0 2 7 7 0

4 9 . GENERAL IN D U S T R IA L M ACHINERY AND EQ U IP M EN T. . . ’ .0 0 9 8 3 1 0 .0 0 6 5 7 0 0 .0 1 8 9 9 7 0 .0 0 9 9 8 7 0 . 0 1 1 6 1 3 0 .0 0 1 4 7 6 0 . 0 0 1 3 3 7 0

5 0 . MACHINE SHOP PROOUCTS . . ........................................................ .1 0 5 0 8 1 0 .0 0 3 5 8 8 0 .0 0 1 3 0 9 0 .0 0 2 5 6 1 0 .0 0 1 4 4 7 0 .0 0 2 3 0 8 0 . 0 0 1 2 9 7 0

5 1 . O F F IC E ,C O M P U T IN G AND ACCO UNTING M A C H IN E S. . . . .0 0 0 9 1 3 0 . 1 1 1 6 8 9 0 .0 0 0 2 2 4 0 .0 0 1 7 0 8 0 . 0 0 0 1 8 1 0 - .0 0 1 0 7 7 0

5 2 . S E R V IC E IN D U STR Y M ACHINES ........................................................ .0 0 0 6 6 3 0 .0 0 0 0 1 2 0 .0 5 5 1 4 8 0 .0 0 0 3 3 5 0 .0 4 1 6 7 8 0 .0 0 0 9 0 0 0 .0 0 0 6 5 0 0

5 3 . E L E C T R IC IN D U S T R IA L EQUIPM ENT AND APPARATUS . . . • .0 0 5 0 6 3 0 .0 1 9 5 7 8 0 .1 0 0 8 2 4 0 .0 6 9 9 4 7 0 . 0 4 3 9 1 1 0 .0 3 4 2 5 8 0 .0 1 4 6 6 2 0

5 4 . HOUSEHOLD A P P L IA N C E S ......................................................................... .0 0 0 0 9 5 0 - .0 0 9 5 3 5 0 .0 0 0 7 9 4 0 .0 1 5 6 5 6 0 .0 0 0 4 5 2 0 .0 0 0 4 2 8 0

5 5 . E L E C T R IC L IG H T IN G AND W IR IN G EQ U IPM EN T....................... .0 0 0 8 2 3 0 .0 0 4 1 5 9 0 .0 0 6 7 9 5 0 . 0 1 7 4 5 3 0 .0 0 7 3 7 3 0 .0 4 0 7 5 8 0 .0 0 7 3 8 5 0

5 6 . R A D IO ,T E L E V IS IO N AND COMMUNICATION EQ U IP M EN T. . • • .0 0 0 6 0 6 0 .0 1 0 9 5 3 0 .0 0 5 4 6 7 0 .0 1 2 9 4 8 0 .0 0 6 3 3 9 0 .0 0 2 7 4 4 0 .0 9 5 9 8 2 0

5 7 . E L E C T R O N IC COMPONENTS AND A C C E S S O R IE S ....................... .0 0 1 2 4 0 0 . 1 5 6 1 4 5 0 .0 0 5 1 6 6 0 . 0 4 1 1 6 6 0 .0 0 0 6 7 2 0 .0 0 4 8 7 8 0 . 3 0 9 9 8 1 0

5 8 . M IS CE LLA N E O U S E L E C T R IC A L MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT • . .0 0 2 0 2 2 0 .0 0 0 4 7 8 0 .0 0 0 0 1 6 0 .0 0 2 3 6 4 0 .0 0 0 3 5 6 0 .0 3 0 1 9 5 0 .0 0 0 3 7 5 0

5 9 . MOTOR V E H IC L E S AND EQ U IPM EN T.................................................. .0 0 4 0 7 3 0 .0 0 0 0 5 4 0 . 0 1 2 7 0 6 0 .0 0 1 5 8 6 0 . 0 0 2 1 3 5 0 .0 0 0 0 0 8 0 .0 0 0 1 6 1 0

6 0 . A IR C R A F T AND P A R T S .............................................................................. .0 0 3 0 9 3 0 .0 0 6 5 9 1 0 .0 0 6 3 9 4 0 .0 0 1 0 6 0 0 .0 0 0 1 3 9 0 • C000080 .0 0 8 0 3 1 0

6 1 . OTHER TRA N SPO R TA TIO N E Q U IP M EN T. . . . ....................... .0 0 2 5 3 2 0 - .0 0 0 3 6 2 0 .0 0 4 0 9 9 0 .0 0 1 8 7 0 0 .0 0 0 0 0 7 0 .0 0 0 1 2 8 0

6 2 . S C I E N T I F I C ANO CO N TR O LLIN G IN STR U M EN TS....................... . 0 0 1 4 1 4 0 .0 0 4 5 9 0 0 .0 2 2 4 8 4 0 . 0 1 6 3 1 9 0 .0 3 4 8 6 2 0 .0 0 2 7 9 5 0 . 0 0 9 7 1 4 0

6 3 . O P T IC A L ,O P T H A L M IC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC E Q U IP M EN T. . • • .0 0 0 1 5 7 0 .0 0 0 0 8 9 0 .0 0 0 0 6 1 0 .0 0 0 6 3 1 0 . 0 0 1 6 3 2 0 .0 0 0 0 8 3 0 . 0 0 2 1 4 7 0

6 4 . M ISCELLA N EO U S MANUFACTURING .................................................. .0 0 0 3 2 7 0 . 0 0 1 4 3 3 0 .0 0 1 6 2 6 0 .0 0 0 4 6 1 0 .0 0 1 3 8 9 0 .0 0 5 1 7 7 0 .0 0 1 6 6 0 0

6 5 . TRA N SPO RTA TIO N AND W AREHOUSING............................................. .0 0 9 4 2 8 0 .0 0 6 3 7 3 0 . 0 1 2 7 2 2 0 . 0 1 0 1 6 1 0 . 0 1 4 9 1 5 0 . 0 1 2 3 1 0 0 .0 0 9 4 1 2 0

6 6 . CO M M U N ICA T IO N S,E X CE PT B RO A D CA STIN G.................................. .0 0 7 5 3 3 0 .0 0 4 6 6 9 0 .0 0 4 0 6 6 0 .0 0 4 5 5 2 0 . 0 0 5 5 7 1 0 .0 0 2 8 7 7 0 . 0 0 5 3 1 8 0

6 7 . R A D IO AND T E L E V IS IO N BRO A D CA STIN G .................................. - - - - - - -

68 . E L E C T R IC ,G A S ,W A T E R AND SA N ITA R Y S E R V IC E S . . . . .0 1 3 0 6 3 0 .0 0 5 7 1 5 0 . 0 1 2 5 5 0 0 .0 0 7 2 0 2 0 .0 0 6 5 6 9 0 .0 0 5 3 7 4 0 .0 0 2 6 9 0 0

6 9 . WHOLESALE AND R E T A IL T R A D E ........................................................ . 0 3 2 1 1 8 0 . 0 4 1 9 8 1 0 . 0 5 5 4 1 1 0 . 0 3 1 7 9 0 0 .0 4 2 9 6 6 0 .0 6 2 4 3 4 0 .0 3 4 4 0 6 0

7 0 . F IN A N C E AND INSURANCE ................................................................... .0 0 7 9 1 5 0 . 0 0 5 1 1 2 0 . 0 0 7 7 6 1 0 .0 0 4 3 6 5 0 .0 0 3 1 4 9 0 . 0 0 4 1 1 4 0 .0 0 3 8 8 0 0

7 1 . R EA L E ST A TE AND R EN TA L................................................................... .0 1 3 5 7 3 0 .0 0 7 0 6 3 0 . 0 1 1 9 1 1 0 . 0 0 7 1 2 1 0 .0 0 4 8 6 0 0 .0 0 8 4 3 7 0 .0 0 5 2 9 2 0

7 2 . H O T E L S ,P E R S O N A L AND R E P A IR S E R V IC E S , E X C EP T AUTO . . . 0 0 1 8 7 5 0 . 0 0 1 1 7 3 0 .0 0 5 6 0 8 0 .0 0 1 2 5 6 0 .0 0 6 5 0 2 0 . 0 0 1 3 1 5 0 .0 0 4 0 2 5 0

7 3 . B U S IN E S S S E R V IC E S .............................................................................. .0 1 7 5 6 4 0 .0 3 4 9 2 9 0 .0 1 6 7 4 9 0 .0 3 6 2 0 6 0 .0 9 6 4 6 6 0 .0 2 8 2 8 7 0 .0 4 1 8 5 8 0

7 4 . R ESEA R CH ANO DEVELO PM EN T............................................................. .0 0 0 8 4 4 0 .0 0 0 7 5 2 0 .0 0 0 7 8 7 0 . 0 0 1 5 1 7 0 .0 0 1 5 1 0 0 .0 0 1 5 0 2 0 .0 0 0 2 2 6 0

7 5 . AUTOMOBILE R E P A IR AND S E R V IC E S ............................................. .0 0 1 6 7 4 0 .0 0 0 2 2 7 0 . 0 0 1 0 7 9 0 .0 0 0 7 2 9 0 .0 0 0 3 6 7 0 .0 0 0 4 1 7 0 .0 0 0 1 0 9 0

7 6 . AMUSEMENTS.................................................................................................... .0 0 0 0 4 4 0 .0 0 0 0 3 5 0 .0 0 0 0 2 8 0 .0 0 0 0 3 7 0 .0 0 0 0 2 6 0 .0 0 0 0 3 3 0 • C C 0 0 2 9 0

7 7 . M E D IC A L,E D U C A T IO N A L AND N O N PRO FIT O R G A N IZA T IO N S • • . 0 0 1 2 3 3 0 .0 0 1 0 2 3 0 . 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 8 5 0 .0 0 1 1 9 9 0 .0 0 1 1 8 0 0 . 0 0 1 1 3 6 0

7 8 . FE D E R A L GOVERNMENT E N T E R P R IS E S ............................................. . 0 0 1 1 5 2 0 .0 0 1 4 5 5 0 . 0 0 1 0 1 9 0 .0 0 2 3 4 8 0 .0 0 2 0 0 2 0 .0 0 1 3 8 7 0 . 0 0 2 1 6 3 0

7 9 . S T A TE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT E N T E R P R IS E S ....................... .0 0 0 1 8 0 0 .0 0 0 0 9 7 0 .0 0 0 1 6 3 0 .0 0 0 1 7 4 0 .0 0 0 1 9 0 0 • 0 0 0 18 2 0 .0 0 0 0 9 4 0

8 0 . GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND S E R V IC E S ............................ . 0 1 1 9 5 4 0 .0 1 8 7 3 0 0 . 0 0 2 7 1 6 0 . 0 1 1 8 6 3 0 .0 0 0 3 4 7 0 .0 3 4 4 8 8 0 .0 5 7 0 9 7 0

8 1 . B U S IN E S S T R A V E L , ENTERTAINM EN T ANO G IF T S .... .0 0 8 1 6 2 0 .0 1 7 4 2 7 0 .0 0 7 8 3 5 0 .0 1 5 6 3 6 0 .0 0 7 2 3 7 0 .0 0 9 2 4 4 0 .0 1 2 8 8 0 0

8 2 . O F F IC E S U P P L IE S ................................................................................... .0 0 0 9 9 6 0 . 0 0 1 7 1 5 0 .0 0 0 9 5 7 0 . 0 0 1 5 2 1 0 .0 0 0 7 3 0 0 .0 0 0 9 4 5 0 .0 0 1 3 0 4 0

T O T A L 4 ............................................................................................................... .4 8 7 3 2 2 0 .5 5 6 9 9 3 0 . 6 1 4 7 1 9 0 .5 6 6 7 9 8 0 .6 5 6 7 3 4 0 .5 7 3 6 8 8 0 .7 4 8 4 5 0 0

See fo o tno tes on p . 1 3 1 .

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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T A B L E D -13 . D IR E C T R EQ U IREM EN TS PER D O LLA R O F GROSS OUTPUT, 19 8 0 ‘ — Continued

( P r o d u c e r s v a lu e s - 19 5 8 d o l la r s ) 2

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57 58 59 60 61 62 63

1 . L IV E S T O C K AND L IV E S T O C K P RO DU CTS............................................. _ _ . . . _ .

2 . OTHER A G R ICU LT U R A L PRODUCTS ........................................................ - - - - - . 0 0 1 1 6 4 0 -

3 . FO R ESTR Y AND F IS H E R Y PRODUCTS ................................................... - - - - - - -

4 . A G R IC U L T U R A L ,F O R E S T R Y ANO F IS H E R Y S E R V I C E S . . . . - - - - - - -

5 . IRO N AND FERRO A LLO Y ORES M IN IN G ............................................. -

.0 0 1 2 1 6 0 - - - - -

6 . NONFERROUS METAL ORES M IN IN G ........................................................ - .0 0 0 9 8 4 0 - - - .0 0 0 4 0 1 0 -

7 . COAL M IN IN G .................................................................................................... .0 0 0 1 6 4 0 .0 0 0 5 9 7 0 .0 0 0 1 8 1 0 .0 0 0 6 8 1 0 ~ .0 0 1 5 7 6 0

8 . CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS .............................................

_ _ _ - _ - -

9 . STONE AND CLA Y M IN IN G AND QUARRYING .................................. - .0 0 0 1 6 2 0 .0 0 0 0 0 5 0 - .0 0 0 0 6 7 0 .0 0 0 0 2 9 0 -

1 0 . CH EM ICA L AND F E R T I L I Z E R M INERAL M IN IN G............................ - - - - - - -

1 1 . NEW CO N S TR U CTIO N ................................................................................... ..... - - - - - - -

1 2 . MAINTENANCE AND R E P A IR CO N STR U CTIO N .................................. .0 0 0 7 2 1 0 .0 0 0 0 6 1 0 .0 0 2 7 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 7 1 3 0 .0 0 0 3 4 1 0 .0 0 0 1 4 6 0 . 0 0 0 3 1 5 0

1 3 . ORDNANCE AND A C C E S S O R IE S ................................................................... .0 0 8 2 1 1 0 - .0 0 0 2 4 5 0 .0 0 5 1 3 4 0 - .0 1 8 3 4 4 0 • C 0 12 5 3 C

1 4 . FOOD AND K IN D R ED PRODUCTS ............................................................. - .0 0 0 0 0 1 0 - - .0 0 3 0 9 3 0

1 5 . TOBACCO M ANUFACTURES.............................................................................. - _ _ - _ - -

1 6 . BROAD AND NARROW F A B R IC S ,Y A R N AND THREAD M IL L S . . . - .0 0 0 3 1 5 0 .0 0 1 9 5 8 0 .0 0 0 1 4 3 0 .0 0 0 5 7 1 0 . 0 0 7 4 7 1 0 .0 0 0 5 0 4 0

1 7 . M ISCELLA N EO U S T E X T IL E GOODS AND FLOOR CO V E R IN G S . . - - .0 0 3 6 3 6 0 .0 0 0 4 9 9 0 .0 0 0 7 0 3 0 .0 0 1 7 8 9 0 .0 0 0 3 0 7 0

1 8 . APPAREL ............................................................................................................... .0 0 1 2 0 1 0 .0 0 0 8 3 1 0 .0 0 0 3 7 3 0 .0 0 0 8 0 5 0 .0 0 0 9 4 5 0 • C0 244 20 .0 0 0 7 6 1 0

1 9 . M ISCELLA N EO U S F A B R IC A T E D T E X T IL E PRODUCTS .... - - .0 0 5 3 5 3 0 - .0 0 0 3 6 3 0 .0 0 0 3 0 6 0 -

2 0 . LUMBER AND WOOD P RO DU CTS, EXC EP T C O N T A IN E R S . . . . .0 0 0 2 4 2 0 .0 0 0 0 2 2 0 .0 0 0 4 6 3 0 .0 0 1 5 8 6 0 . 0 2 1 6 7 1 0 .0 0 0 6 9 7 0 .0 0 0 0 6 3 0

2 1 . WOODEN CO N TA IN ER S ................................................................................... .0 0 0 0 1 1 0 - .0 0 0 1 2 4 0

2 2 . HOUSEHOLD FU R N ITU R E .............................................................................. .0 0 4 3 4 3 0 -

.0 0 0 0 3 9 0 -

.0 0 5 3 2 6 0 .0 0 0 4 9 6 0 -

2 3 . OTHER FU R N ITU R E AND F IX T U R E S ........................................................ .0 0 0 0 1 4 0 - .0 0 0 1 2 8 0 .0 0 1 1 9 2 0 .0 0 2 8 7 6 0 .0 0 2 5 4 2 0 .0 0 0 0 0 3 0

2 4 . PAPER AND A L L IE D P R O D U C T S ,E X C E P T C O N TA IN ER S . . . . . 0 1 1 4 2 1 0 .0 0 1 2 2 6 0 .0 0 3 2 2 6 0 .0 0 0 3 8 6 0 .0 0 1 5 7 6 0 .0 0 4 7 2 8 0 .0 3 1 2 6 2 0

2 5 . PAPERBOARD CO N TA IN ER S AND BOXES ............................................. . 0 0 5 4 1 1 0 .0 0 6 7 8 9 0 .0 0 0 9 5 4 0 .0 0 0 7 3 2 0 .0 0 0 3 1 9 0 .0 0 7 5 4 2 0 .0 0 6 4 9 5 0

2 6 . P R IN T IN G AND P U B L IS H IN G ................................................................... .0 0 0 5 4 1 0 .0 0 0 2 0 8 0 .0 0 0 4 8 4 0 .0 0 0 8 0 1 0 .0 0 0 4 7 8 0 .0 0 0 5 4 1 0 .0 0 0 2 5 0 0

2 7 . CH EM ICA LS AND S E L E C T E D CH EM ICA L P RO DU CTS....................... .0 2 2 5 3 2 0 .0 2 0 9 4 8 0 .0 0 2 0 2 5 0 . 0 0 1 2 2 6 0 .0 0 2 1 6 6 0 .0 0 2 9 5 0 0 .0 6 5 5 7 3 0

2 8 . P L A S T IC S AND S Y N T H E T IC M A T E R IA L S ............................................. .0 1 2 9 9 6 0 .0 0 5 3 5 2 0 .0 0 1 0 2 4 0 .0 0 0 8 5 6 0 .0 2 0 4 6 1 0 .0 0 2 8 9 3 0 .0 0 1 3 3 7 0

2 9 . D R U G S ,C LE A N IN G ANO T O IL E T P R E P A R A T IO N S............................ .0 0 0 0 6 2 0 .0 0 0 0 7 3 0 .0 0 0 7 7 2 0 .0 0 0 4 2 2 0 .0 0 0 6 1 0 0 .0 0 2 0 3 9 0 • C C 0 075C

3 0 . P A IN T S AND A L L IE D PRO DU CTS............................................................. .0 0 0 6 4 1 0 .0 0 0 0 0 6 0 .0 0 3 9 3 8 0 .0 0 0 8 3 7 0 .0 0 7 8 5 1 0 .0 0 0 5 2 1 0 .0 0 0 2 0 0 0

3 1 . PETROLEUM R E F IN IN G ANO R ELA TED IN D U S T R IE S . . . . .0 0 1 5 3 9 0 . 0 0 1 3 2 1 0 .0 0 0 8 5 6 0 • 0 0 2 0 1 10 .0 0 3 5 8 4 0 . 0 0 1 2 5 7 0 .0 0 2 5 2 9 0

3 2 . RUBBER AND M ISCELLA N EO U S P L A S T IC S P RO O U CTS. . . . .0 0 8 1 5 0 0 .0 5 8 5 9 6 0 .0 4 3 0 0 2 0 . 0 1 5 3 4 8 0 . 0 2 1 1 4 1 0 . 0 1 7 0 3 1 0 .0 1 0 6 7 0 0

3 3 . LEA TH ER TANNIN G AND IN D U S T R IA L LEA THER PRODUCTS . . .0 0 0 0 3 6 0 .0 0 0 0 4 7 0 .0 0 0 2 3 4 0 - .0 0 0 2 8 5 0 .0 0 0 4 8 7 0 •C 0 0 0 4 5 C

3 4 . FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEA TH ER PROOUCTS .................................. .0 0 0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 0 0 0 9 0 .0 0 0 0 0 3 0 .0 0 0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 0 0 0 8 0 .0 0 0 7 2 4 0 .0 0 0 3 9 4 0

3 5 . G LA SS ANO G LA SS PRO DU CTS................................................................... .0 2 0 0 7 0 0 .0 0 0 6 1 0 0 . 0 0 5 5 7 1 0 .0 0 0 1 2 2 0 .0 0 4 7 1 6 0 .0 0 3 0 0 0 0 .0 1 0 4 4 7 0

3 6 . STONE AND CLA Y PRODUCTS ................................................................... .0 0 4 4 3 9 0 .0 0 8 9 8 5 0 .0 0 2 4 6 6 0 .0 0 3 6 5 1 0 .0 0 7 7 2 4 0 .0 0 3 3 3 3 0 .0 1 8 0 4 3 0

3 7 . PRIM ARY IRO N ANO S T E E L M ANUFACTURING.................................. . 0 1 1 6 8 9 0 .0 1 6 4 0 5 0 .0 6 1 6 2 0 0 .0 1 4 9 0 8 0 .0 8 8 1 9 4 0 .0 0 7 2 4 0 0 .0 0 2 8 1 0 0

3 8 . PRIM ARY NONFERROUS M ETALS MANUFACTURING ....................... .0 2 8 8 7 5 0 .1 0 0 2 2 5 0 .0 1 4 5 8 2 0 .0 2 2 2 6 1 0 .0 4 1 6 4 0 0 .0 3 7 4 2 0 0 .0 3 8 6 6 0 0

3 9 . METAL C O N T A IN E R S ......................................................................................... - -

.0 0 0 0 0 1 0 - .0 0 0 0 0 2 0 .0 0 2 2 4 2 0 -

4 0 . H E A T IN G ,P LU M B IN G ANO STRUCTURAL METAL P R O D U CT S. . . • 00 04 4 90 .0 0 0 0 2 3 0 . 0 0 0 9 1 7 0 .0 0 0 6 0 6 0 .0 4 3 6 5 1 0 . 0 0 1 2 3 1 0 -

4 1 . STA M P IN G S,SCR EW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND B O L T S . . . . . 0 1 6 4 1 9 0 .0 2 0 2 1 5 0 .0 1 8 2 3 8 0 ■ 0 1 6 3 3 7 C .0 0 3 2 6 0 0 .0 1 4 7 3 3 0 .0 0 5 0 3 9 0

4 2 . OTHER F A B R IC A T E D METAL PRODUCTS ............................................. .0 1 2 9 8 8 0 .0 0 4 3 4 4 0 . 0 3 4 2 0 1 0 .0 0 9 9 6 8 0 .0 1 7 2 6 7 0 .0 1 5 4 5 8 0 .0 0 9 5 9 3 0

4 3 . E N G IN E S AND T U R B IN E S .............................................................................. _ .0 0 1 0 6 1 0 . 0 0 3 1 7 4 0 .0 0 1 4 3 2 0 .0 2 1 3 4 6 0 .0 0 0 0 1 3 0 _

4 4 . FARM MACHINERY AND EQ U IPM EN T........................................................ - .0 0 0 5 2 2 0 .0 0 0 7 7 7 0 .0 0 0 1 2 8 0 .0 0 3 9 9 3 0 .0 0 0 2 7 2 0 -

4 5 . C O N S T R U C T IO N ,M IN IN G AND O IL F IE L D M ACHINERY . . . . .0 0 0 6 6 9 0 . 0 0 1 2 5 3 0 .0 0 0 3 5 5 0 .0 0 0 1 4 1 0 .0 0 4 5 5 0 0 .0 0 0 5 4 4 0 .0 0 0 2 2 8 0

4 6 . M A TERIA LS HAN DLING M ACHINERY AND E Q U IP M EN T. . . . - - .0 0 0 2 5 4 0 .0 0 0 5 0 2 0 .0 0 5 2 4 7 0 .0 0 0 0 0 4 0 -

4 7 . METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQ U IPM ENT.................................. .0 0 4 4 0 1 0 . 0 1 2 0 1 6 0 .0 0 8 3 7 2 0 .0 2 0 5 4 6 0 .0 0 4 3 1 7 0 . 0 1 1 4 0 4 0 .0 0 4 1 2 5 0

4 8 . S P E C IA L IN O U STRY M ACHINERY AND EQ U IPM ENT....................... .0 0 0 3 2 4 0 .0 0 0 0 1 8 0 .0 0 0 1 9 6 0 .0 0 0 3 7 3 0 .0 0 0 2 2 2 0 .0 0 1 4 6 2 0 .0 0 1 0 8 9 0

4 9 . GENERAL IN D U S T R IA L M ACHINERY AND E Q U IP M EN T. . . . .0 0 1 0 1 0 0 .0 1 6 6 5 8 0 .0 0 5 5 7 6 0 .0 1 0 3 8 0 0 .0 1 6 6 6 4 0 .0 0 5 7 7 1 0 -

5 0 . MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ........................................................................ .0 0 1 4 8 0 0 .0 1 1 4 8 6 0 .0 0 8 4 7 1 0 . 0 1 1 5 0 1 0 .0 0 4 9 6 3 0 .0 1 0 5 0 5 0 .0 0 0 9 1 5 0

5 1 . O F F IC E ,C O M P U T IN G AND ACCOUNTING M A C H IN ES....................... .0 0 4 4 9 6 0 .0 0 1 6 5 6 0 .0 0 2 7 8 9 0 .0 0 1 3 0 9 0 - .0 3 6 6 6 4 0 .0 0 1 4 5 0 0

5 2 . S E R V IC E IN D U STR Y M ACHINES ............................................................. .0 0 0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 0 0 3 3 0 .0 0 3 0 9 6 0 .0 0 0 6 5 5 0 .0 0 6 3 9 9 0 .0 0 1 6 6 6 0 -

5 3 . E L E C T R IC IN D U S T R IA L EQUIPM ENT AND APPARATUS . . . . .0 3 3 4 0 6 0 .0 2 3 4 7 3 0 .0 0 2 4 9 7 0 .0 0 3 4 0 2 0 .0 3 2 5 7 6 0 .0 3 3 6 7 4 0 . 0 1 3 1 1 4 0

5 4 . HOUSEHOLD A P P L IA N C E S .............................................................................. .0 0 1 0 0 3 0 .0 0 3 4 1 2 0 .0 0 0 0 0 1 0 .0 0 4 7 0 5 0 .0 1 6 3 4 9 0 . 0 0 1 1 1 3 0 -

5 5 . E L E C T R IC L IG H T IN G AND W IR IN G EQ U IPM EN T............................ .0 0 8 1 3 8 0 . 0 3 7 6 1 1 0 .0 0 4 3 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 3 3 1 0 .0 0 3 4 3 7 0 .0 0 3 3 2 2 0 .0 0 3 8 9 2 0

5 6 . R A O IO ,T E L E V IS IO N AND COMMUNICATION E Q U IP M EN T. . . • .0 4 2 4 4 4 0 .0 0 5 6 9 1 0 .0 0 5 9 5 9 0 .0 3 8 7 0 8 0 .0 0 1 6 6 2 0 .0 1 2 6 4 7 0 . 0 0 5 6 1 3 C

5 7 . E LE C T R O N IC COMPONENTS AND A C C E S S O R IE S ............................ .0 8 5 8 7 4 0 .0 2 7 4 4 4 0 .0 0 4 9 3 9 0 .0 1 5 4 9 9 0 . 0 0 7 1 7 9 0 .0 8 7 7 3 9 0 .0 0 0 3 4 0 0

5 8 . M ISCELLA N EO U S E L E C T R IC A L M ACHINERY AND E Q U IP M EN T. . .0 0 0 7 8 9 0 .0 4 2 9 6 9 0 . 0 1 8 3 9 7 0 .0 0 3 7 6 0 0 . 0 0 1 2 2 3 0 .0 0 0 9 4 3 0 .0 0 3 6 5 0 0

5 9 . MOTOR V E H IC L E S AND EQ U IPM EN T........................................................ - .0 3 3 7 8 9 0 .2 7 8 3 2 4 0 .0 0 6 4 0 5 0 .0 1 2 9 0 2 0 . 0 1 4 1 7 5 0 -

6 0 . A IR C R A F T AND P A R T S................................................................................... - .0 0 0 6 8 4 0 .0 0 0 3 4 7 0 . 1 4 9 0 1 9 0 .0 0 4 2 6 3 0 .0 1 5 2 3 4 0 .0 0 0 0 6 1 0

6 1 . OTHER TRAN SPO RTATION EQ U IPM ENT.................................................. - .0 0 0 0 1 9 0 .0 0 0 6 4 5 0 .0 0 0 1 7 8 0 .0 5 2 5 3 4 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 6 0 .0 0 0 4 0 2 0

6 2 . S C IE N T I F I C AND CO N TR O LLIN G IN STR U M EN TS............................ .0 0 5 0 1 6 0 . 0 0 0 4 1 1 0 .0 0 0 0 4 1 0 . 0 1 5 7 4 4 0 .0 0 1 4 2 8 0 . 0 6 1 1 1 2 0 .0 0 7 6 5 9 0

6 3 . O P T IC A L ,O P T H A L M IC AND PHO TO GRAPHIC EQ U IP M E N T . . . •.0 0 0 2 9 0 0 .0 0 0 3 7 5 0 .0 0 0 0 3 8 0 .0 0 1 8 9 9 0 .0 0 0 0 9 1 0 .0 0 5 0 6 8 0 .0 5 8 1 0 0 0

6 4 . M ISCELLA N EO U S MANUFACTURING ........................................................ . 0 0 1 5 7 7 0 .0 0 0 5 5 1 0 .0 0 0 7 9 3 0 . 0 0 1 7 7 7 0 .0 0 2 3 6 5 0 .0 0 5 4 3 9 0 .0 0 1 6 9 9 0

6 5 . TRA N SPO RTA TIO N AND W AREHOUSING.................................................. .0 0 8 8 4 4 0 . 0 1 1 9 1 2 0 .0 1 3 5 6 8 0 .0 0 8 2 1 4 0 .0 1 5 0 9 5 0 .0 0 9 6 4 2 0 .0 1 4 4 8 8 0

6 6 . CO M M U N ICA TIO N S,EX CEPT B RO A D CA STIN G....................................... .0 0 3 0 9 0 0 .0 0 3 5 1 6 0 .0 0 2 5 8 3 0 .0 0 5 1 1 6 0 .0 0 2 9 1 6 0 .0 0 4 7 5 7 0 .0 0 3 3 0 2 0

6 7 . RA DIO AND T E L E V IS IO N BRO AD CASTIN G ........................................ - - - - - - -

6 8 . E L E C T R IC ,G A S ,W A T E R AND SA N ITA R Y S E R V IC E S . . . . . .0 0 7 7 6 1 0 .0 0 6 2 1 2 0 .0 0 6 9 7 0 0 .0 0 8 5 9 5 0 .0 0 9 6 4 3 0 .0 0 3 9 3 4 0 .0 0 3 7 9 4 0

6 9 . WHOLESALE AND R E T A IL T R A D E............................................................. .0 5 4 3 0 1 0 .0 3 5 0 7 8 0 .0 2 9 1 6 2 0 .0 1 8 4 8 4 0 .0 4 7 4 9 2 0 .0 4 5 9 6 3 0 .0 4 1 4 8 6 0

7 0 . F IN A N C E AND INSURANCE ........................................................................ .0 0 4 5 0 1 0 .0 0 4 1 9 8 0 .0 0 3 5 2 5 0 .0 0 2 8 5 4 0 .0 0 4 7 7 0 0 .0 0 4 9 1 5 0 .0 0 6 2 7 9 0

7 1 . REAL EST A TE AND R EN TA L........................................................................ . 0 1 8 1 3 5 0 .0 0 6 5 0 4 0 .0 0 2 2 7 8 0 .0 0 5 1 3 8 0 .0 0 3 9 5 4 0 .0 0 8 8 3 3 0 . 0 1 1 5 6 1 0

7 2 . H O T EL S,P E R S O N A L ANO R E P A IR S E R V IC E S ,E X C E P T AUTO . . .0 0 1 8 6 6 0 .0 0 1 2 3 0 0 .0 0 0 5 8 4 0 - .0 0 1 4 5 5 0 . 0 0 1 2 7 3 0 .0 0 1 1 9 2 0

7 3 . B U S IN E S S S E R V IC E S ................................................................................... . 0 3 4 4 1 1 0 .0 3 6 2 2 8 0 .0 3 3 7 6 3 0 .0 6 0 7 7 9 0 .0 3 7 7 7 7 0 .0 2 2 2 8 3 0 . 0 5 7 0 1 7 0

7 4 . R ESEA R CH ANO D EVELO PM EN T................................................................... .0 0 0 2 2 1 0 . 0 0 1 5 6 1 0 .0 0 0 9 1 3 0 .0 0 0 9 4 8 0 . 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 .0 0 0 0 9 7 0 • 0 0 3 16 8 0

7 5 . AUTOMOBILE R E P A IR AND S E R V IC E S .................................................. .0 0 0 0 1 7 0 .0 0 0 5 3 6 0 .0 0 0 4 1 4 0 .0 0 0 3 9 0 0 .0 0 0 8 1 2 0 .0 0 0 2 2 5 0 .0 0 0 4 9 8 0

7 6 . AMUSEMENTS......................................................................................................... .0 0 0 0 4 6 0 .0 0 0 0 3 1 0 .0 0 0 0 1 4 0 - .0 0 0 0 3 6 0 .0 0 0 0 3 6 0 .0 0 0 0 3 5 0

7 7 . M E D IC A L,E D U C A T IO N A L AND NO N PROFIT O R G A N IZA T IO N S . •

.0 0 1 2 0 2 0 .0 0 1 0 9 6 0 . 0 0 1 0 7 1 0 .0 0 1 0 5 9 0 . 0 0 1 1 8 3 0 . 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 1 7 9 0

7 8 . FED ER A L GOVERNMENT E N T E R P R IS E S ................................................... .0 0 3 0 6 8 0 .0 0 2 1 0 2 0 .0 0 1 4 4 8 0 .0 0 0 8 8 3 0 .0 0 0 6 9 1 0 .0 0 1 0 4 2 0 .0 0 1 9 5 4 0

7 9 . STA TE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT E N T E R P R IS E S ............................. .0 0 0 1 8 0 0 .0 0 0 2 2 1 0 .0 0 0 1 6 3 0 .0 0 0 1 5 7 0 .0 0 0 2 1 2 0 .0 0 0 1 3 5 0 .0 0 0 0 9 7 0

8 0 . GROSS IM PORTS OF GOODS AND S E R V IC E S .................................. .0 2 9 9 9 8 0 .0 3 9 2 9 7 0 .0 6 4 8 8 9 0 .0 2 3 5 3 8 0 .0 5 7 9 3 1 0 .0 4 0 0 2 0 0 .0 4 7 3 4 5 0

8 1 . B U S IN E S S T R A V EL ,E N T ER T A IN M E N T AND G IF T S ....................... .0 1 4 6 6 1 0 .0 0 9 8 4 2 0 .0 0 2 8 3 8 0 .0 0 3 0 2 4 0 .0 0 7 3 0 9 0 .0 1 6 5 3 0 0 .0 0 7 2 4 8 0

8 2 . O F F IC E S U P P L IE S ......................................................................................... .0 0 1 5 0 0 0 .0 0 0 9 9 3 0 .0 0 0 4 4 2 0 .0 0 0 9 7 8 0 .0 0 1 0 4 7 0 .0 0 1 6 9 6 0 .0 0 0 8 1 3 0

TO T A L4 .................................................................................................................... .5 4 7 9 0 1 0 .6 3 0 6 7 3 0 .7 2 3 5 8 9 0 .5 3 1 2 8 6 0 .6 9 5 5 2 0 0 .6 3 6 7 8 2 0 . 5 1 1 9 9 7 0

See footnotes on p . 1 3 1 .

113

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T A B LE D -13. D IR E C T R EQ U IREM EN TS PER D O LLA R O F GROSS OUTPUT, 19 8 0 1— Continued

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1 . L IV E S T O C K AND L IV E S T O C K P RO DU CTS. .......

_

.G C 0 0 4 8 0 _ _ . _ .

2 . OTHER A G R ICU LT U R A L PRODUCTS .................................................. .0 0 1 2 2 9 0 .0 0 0 9 9 7 0 - - - - -

3 . FO R ESTR Y AND F IS H E R Y PROOUCTS ............................................. .0 0 0 4 7 9 0 .0 0 0 0 4 2 0 - - - - -

4 . A G R IC U LT U R A L *F O R E S T R Y ANO F IS H E R Y S E R V IC E S . . . - - - - - .0 0 1 5 9 2 0 -

5 . IRO N AND FERR O A LLO Y ORES M IN IN G ........ - - - - - - -

6. NONFERROUS METAL ORES M IN IN G .................................................. - - - - .0 0 0 1 4 0 0 - -

7 . COAL M IN IN G .............................................................................................. .0 0 0 1 3 2 0 .0 0 0 0 5 1 0 - .0 1 4 1 8 7 0 .0 0 0 0 4 4 0 .0 0 0 2 3 4 0

8 . CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS .......................................

_ _ _ _ .0 5 0 9 0 6 0 .0 0 0 0 0 3 0 _

9 . STONE AND CLA Y M IN ING AND QUARRYING ............................ .0 0 0 0 6 8 0 .0 0 0 0 3 9 0 - - .0 0 0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 0 0 4 0 0 -

1 0 . CH EM ICA L AND F E R T I L I Z E R M INERAL M IN IN G....................... • 0 0 00 070 .0 0 0 0 2 6 0 - - .0 0 0 0 0 2 0 - -

1 1 . NEW CO N S TR U C TIO N ................................................................................... - - - - - - -

1 2 . M AINTENANCE AND R E P A IR CO NSTRU CTIO N ............................. .0 0 2 5 8 9 0 .0 1 4 9 8 0 0 .0 2 4 8 2 6 0 .0 0 4 0 1 3 0 .0 1 6 5 6 9 0 .0 0 6 9 0 0 0 .0 0 4 4 3 3 0

1 3 . ORDNANCE AND A C C E S S O R IE S ............................................................. .0 0 0 0 8 5 0 - - - .0 0 0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 0 0 9 2 0 -

1 4 . FOOO AND K IN D R E D PRODUCTS . .................................................. .0 0 1 3 0 8 0 .0 0 2 8 9 3 0 - .0 0 0 0 2 1 0 .0 0 5 5 3 7 0

1 5 . TOBACCO M ANUFACTURES........................................................................ .0 0 0 0 8 9 0 - - _ .0 0 0 0 0 5 0 .0 0 0 0 2 5 0 _

1 6 . BROAD AND NARROW F A B R IC S ,Y A R N AND THREAO M IL L S . • . .0 1 6 5 7 7 0 .0 0 0 1 9 5 0 .0 0 0 0 6 0 0 - .0 0 0 0 9 3 0 .0 0 0 0 9 2 0 -

1 7 . M ISCELLA N EO U S T E X T IL E GOODS AND FLOOR CO VER IN G S . . .0 0 6 1 1 6 0 .0 0 0 4 7 7 0 .0 0 0 3 1 5 0 . 0 0 1 1 7 9 0 .0 0 0 0 0 1 0 .0 0 0 2 5 0 0 •C 0 0 8 3 9 C

1 8 . APPA R EL ......................................................................................................... .0 0 1 3 5 5 0 . 0 0 0 1 1 9 0 - - - .0 0 0 4 9 0 0 . C G 0 0 1 1 C

1 9 . M ISCELLA N EO U S F A B R IC A T E D T E X T IL E PRODUCTS . . . .0 0 1 0 4 2 0 .0 0 0 4 0 0 0 .0 0 0 5 0 0 0 .0 0 1 4 9 7 0 - .0 0 0 3 5 4 0 .0 0 1 0 6 5 0

2 0 . LUMBER AND WOOD P R O D U C T S,E X C E P T C O N T A IN E R S . . . .0 1 5 9 2 9 0 .0 0 0 2 5 2 0 .0 0 0 0 1 6 0 - .0 0 0 1 2 7 0 .0 0 0 5 5 7 0 -

2 1 . WOODEN C O N TA IN ER S .............................................................................. .0 0 0 1 3 9 0 .0 0 0 2 2 5 0 - .0 0 0 4 0 8 0 -

2 2 . HOUSEHOLD F U R N ITU R E ........................................................................ .0 0 0 2 1 0 0 - _ _ .0 0 0 0 0 2 0 .0 0 0 1 0 8 0 _

2 3 . OTHER FU R N ITU R E AND F IX T U R E S .................................................. . 0 0 0 6 1 1 0 - - - - .0 0 0 0 9 3 0 -

2 4 . PAPER AND A L L IE D P R O D U C T S ,E X C E P T C O N TA IN ER S . . • . .0 1 9 8 5 6 0 .0 0 0 9 8 0 0 - .0 0 5 3 3 8 0 .0 0 0 7 9 6 0 .0 0 4 6 1 2 0 .0 0 3 8 2 7 0

2 5 . PAPERBOARD CO N TA IN ER S AND BOXES ....................................... .0 3 4 7 2 2 0 .0 0 0 2 4 8 0 - . 0 0 1 2 8 5 0 .0 0 0 0 2 5 0 .0 0 3 5 6 1 0 • C 0 0 9 2 1C

2 6 . P R IN T IN G AND P U B L IS H IN G ............................................................. .0 0 4 8 4 5 0 .0 0 2 2 4 2 0 .0 0 9 6 7 2 0 .0 0 6 3 9 9 0 .0 0 0 2 5 8 0 .0 0 2 4 1 3 0 . 0 1 5 1 1 2 0

2 7 . CH EM IC A LS AND S E L E C T E D CH EM ICA L P RO D U CTS. . . . .0 0 7 6 9 7 0 .0 0 1 0 5 8 0 .0 0 0 0 2 3 0 .0 3 0 2 2 2 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 8 0 - -

2 8 . P L A S T IC S AND S Y N T H E T IC M A T E R IA L S....................................... .0 3 5 8 4 5 0 .0 0 0 0 0 3 0 " .0 0 0 0 9 6 0 .0 0 0 0 3 5 0

2 9 . D R U G S ,C LE A N IN G AND T O IL E T P R E P A R A T IO N S....................... .0 0 2 7 0 0 0 .0 0 0 3 6 2 0 .0 0 0 0 8 6 0 .0 0 0 0 2 9 0 .0 0 0 0 3 2 0 .0 0 1 4 7 7 0 • C 0 0 4 5 1C

3 0 . P A IN T S AND A L L IE D P RO DU CTS........................................................ .0 0 6 9 8 1 0 .0 0 1 0 9 8 0 - - .0 0 0 0 0 4 0 .0 0 0 2 4 1 0 -

3 1 . PETROLEUM R E F IN IN G ANO R ELA TED IN D U S T R IE S . . . .0 0 2 8 2 5 0 .0 3 2 8 0 4 0 .0 0 1 3 9 3 0 .0 0 1 2 8 7 0 .0 0 6 2 2 2 0 .0 0 6 6 6 2 0 .0 0 2 9 8 2 0

3 2 . RUBBER AND M ISCELLA N EO U S P L A S T IC S P R O D U CT S. . . .0 5 6 6 4 1 0 .0 0 6 8 4 5 0 .0 0 0 5 4 4 0 .0 0 0 5 5 8 0 .0 0 1 0 4 6 0 .0 0 5 7 8 8 0 .0 0 2 0 2 6 0

3 3 . LEA TH ER TANNIN G AND IN D U S T R IA L LEA TH ER PRODUCTS . . .0 0 4 2 0 0 0 .0 0 0 0 6 7 0 - - - .0 0 0 0 1 9 0 -

3 4 . FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEA TH ER PRODUCTS ............................ .0 0 3 9 8 7 0 .0 0 0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 0 0 1 8 0 .0 0 0 0 2 2 0 .0 0 0 0 0 7 0 .0 0 0 1 5 6 0 .0 0 0 0 3 1 0

3 5 . G LA SS AND G LA SS P RO DU CTS............................................................. .0 0 3 4 8 7 0 .0 0 0 1 5 7 0 - .0 0 0 9 4 5 0 -

3 6 . STONE ANO C L A Y PRODUCTS ............................................................. .0 0 2 0 9 2 0 .0 0 0 1 1 3 0 _ - .0 0 1 1 6 9 0 .0 0 1 2 0 2 0

3 7 . PRIM ARY IRO N AND S T E E L M AN UFACTURING. ..... .0 2 2 0 0 8 0 .0 0 0 8 6 4 0 - - .0 0 0 8 9 6 0 .0 0 0 0 7 4 0 -

3 8 . PRIM ARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING .... .0 4 3 7 5 8 0 .0 0 1 4 0 4 0 .0 0 1 9 4 4 0 - .0 0 0 2 9 0 0 .0 0 0 1 6 2 0 -

3 9 . METAL C O N T A IN E R S ................................................................................... - - - - - .0 0 0 0 7 0 0 -

4 0 . H E A T IN G ,P LU M B IN G AND STRU CTU RAL METAL PRO D U CTS. . . .0 0 0 3 4 2 0 .0 0 0 0 1 6 0 - - - .0 0 0 9 9 4 0 -

4 1 . STA M P IN G S,SCR EW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND B O L T S . . . .0 0 8 4 4 1 0 .0 0 0 3 8 7 0 - - - .0 0 0 3 8 1 0 -

4 2 . OTHER F A B R IC A T E D METAL PRODUCTS ....................................... . 0 1 5 5 1 3 0 .0 0 1 1 8 9 0 .0 0 0 2 4 8 0 * .0 0 5 3 9 0 0 .0 0 0 6 2 7 0

4 3 . E N G IN E S AND T U R B IN E S ........................................................................ .0 0 0 0 0 8 0 .0 0 2 2 4 3 0 _ - .0 0 0 0 8 8 0 .0 0 0 1 0 7 0 _

4 4 . FARM MACHINERY AND EQ U IPM ENT................................................... .0 0 0 2 4 0 0 - - - .0 0 0 0 0 5 0 .0 0 0 1 5 2 0 -

4 5 . C O N S T R U C T IO N ,M IN IN G AND O IL F IE L O M ACHINERY . . . . .0 0 0 0 0 8 0 - - - - .0 0 0 2 5 5 0 -

4 6 . M A TER IA LS HAN DLING M ACHINERY AND EQ U IP M E N T . . • .0 0 0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 0 5 3 1 0 - - - . 0 0 0 1 7 5 0 -

4 7 . METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQ U IPM ENT............................ .0 0 0 6 9 4 0 .0 0 0 6 7 7 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 - .0 0 0 1 1 0 0 .0 0 0 1 4 6 0 -

4 8 . S P E C IA L IN D U STR Y MACHINERY AND EQ U IPM EN T. . . . .0 0 0 3 0 3 0 - - - - .0 0 0 2 9 6 0 -

4 9 . GENERAL IN D U S T R IA L M ACHINERY AND E Q U IP M EN T. . . .0 0 0 9 4 4 0 .0 0 0 4 3 9 0 - - - .0 0 0 3 0 7 0 -

5 0 . MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ............................................................. . .0 0 3 0 1 4 0 .0 0 0 3 0 1 0 _ - -.0 0 0 3 3 3 0 _

5 1 . O F F IC E ,C O M P U T IN G AND ACCO UNTING M A C H IN E S. . . . .0 0 6 9 7 7 0 .0 0 0 2 1 5 0 - - . 0 0 1 1 5 2 0 .0 0 1 3 0 9 0 • C 0 0 5 17 C

5 2 . S E R V IC E IN D U STR Y M ACHINES ........................................................ .0 0 0 2 8 0 0 .0 0 0 0 6 7 0 - - - .0 0 0 7 5 7 0 -

5 3 . E L E C T R IC IN D U S T R IA L EQUIPM ENT AND APPARATUS . . . . .0 0 5 4 0 5 0 .0 0 0 9 3 5 0 .0 0 0 0 3 7 0 -

.0 0 0 5 1 0 0 .0 0 0 2 4 6 0 -

5 4 . HOUSEHOLD A P P L IA N C E S ........................................................................ .0 0 2 5 4 7 0 - - - - .0 0 0 5 0 2 0 -

5 5 . E L E C T R IC L IG H T IN G AND W IR IN G EQ U IPM EN T....................... .0 0 2 8 3 2 0 .0 0 0 2 1 7 0 - - .0 0 0 1 3 1 0 .0 0 0 1 8 9 0 -

5 6 . R A D IO ,T E L E V IS IO N AND COMMUNICATION EQ U IP M EN T. . • • .0 0 2 8 8 9 0 .0 0 0 6 0 5 0 .0 0 9 7 4 2 0 .0 2 6 2 2 6 0 .0 0 0 3 3 3 0 .0 0 0 8 3 2 0 .0 0 0 9 9 5 0

5 7 . E L E C T R O N IC COMPONENTS AND A C C E S S O R IE S ....................... .0 0 2 9 7 6 0 . 0 0 1 5 0 7 0 .0 0 0 8 3 4 0 .0 0 0 9 3 8 0 .0 0 0 1 0 3 0 .0 0 0 1 5 0 0 _

5 8 . M ISCELLA N EO U S E L E C T R IC A L MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT . . .0 0 0 1 8 5 0 .0 0 2 3 0 0 0 .0 0 0 4 1 0 0 - .0 0 0 0 1 9 0 .0 0 0 5 3 2 0 • C 0 0 0 77C

5 9 . MOTOR V E H IC L E S AND E Q U IPM EN T.................................................. .0 1 0 3 9 8 0 .0 0 2 6 3 8 0 - - .0 0 0 0 3 7 0 .0 0 1 9 3 0 0 -

6 0 . A IR C R A F T AND P A R T S .............................................................................. .0 0 0 6 9 3 0 .0 0 5 9 4 8 0 - - .0 0 0 0 0 2 0 .0 0 0 5 3 1 0 -

6 1 . OTHER TRA N SPO RTA TIO N EQ U IPM ENT............................................. . 0 0 1 5 1 8 0 .0 0 6 5 0 3 0 .0 0 0 3 3 5 0 - .0 0 0 0 4 8 0 .0 0 0 1 0 4 0 .0 0 0 2 9 3 0

6 2 . S C I E N T I F I C AND C O N TR O LLIN G IN STR U M EN TS....................... .0 0 0 9 1 4 0 .0 0 0 4 5 4 0 .0 0 0 0 0 4 0 - - .0 0 0 2 4 1 0 -

6 3 . O P T IC A L ,O P T H A L M IC AND PHO TO GRAPHIC EQ U IP M EN T. . • • .0 0 0 0 0 9 0 .0 0 0 0 0 1 0 -

.0 0 0 0 0 6 0 .0 0 3 1 7 3 0 -

6 4 . M ISCELLA N EO U S MANUFACTURING .................................................. .0 5 5 8 1 3 0 .0 0 1 4 5 3 0 .0 0 0 8 0 1 0 .0 0 5 9 9 1 0 .0 0 0 3 1 9 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 4 0 .0 0 0 8 7 6 0

6 5 . TRA N SPO R TA TIO N AND W AREHOUSING............................................. . 0 1 4 0 3 1 0 .0 6 7 8 3 9 0 . 0 0 1 3 4 1 0 .0 0 1 5 5 2 0 .0 1 2 9 4 1 0 .0 0 3 3 9 5 0 .0 0 8 3 7 1 0

6 6 . CO M M U N ICA TIO N S,EX CEPT B RO A D CA STIN G.................................. .0 0 5 5 4 8 0 .0 2 2 0 9 0 0 .0 2 7 6 5 6 0 .0 6 6 3 4 2 0 .0 0 2 5 7 7 0 . 0 1 7 1 7 8 0 . 0 2 2 1 1 4 0

6 7 . R A D IO AND T E L E V IS IO N BRO ADCASTIN G .................................. - - - .0 0 2 6 2 9 0 - - -

6 8 . E L E C T R IC ,G A S ,W A T E R AND SA N ITA R Y S E R V IC E S . . . . .0 0 5 4 0 9 0 .0 0 8 7 5 5 0 .0 0 6 4 3 4 0 • 0042CCC .1 9 8 4 9 2 0 .0 3 5 0 4 1 0 .0 0 5 3 6 7 0

6 9 . WHOLESALE AND R E T A IL TRA D E........................................................ .0 5 4 1 5 8 0 .0 2 9 9 9 8 0 .0 0 4 3 1 7 0 . 0 1 2 0 1 6 0 .0 1 2 0 4 7 0 .0 1 6 2 7 3 0 .0 0 9 8 5 6 0

7 0 . F IN A N C E AND INSURANCE ................................................................... .0 0 8 3 0 8 0 .0 1 9 8 4 7 0 .0 0 4 3 8 3 0 .0 0 7 8 4 2 0 .0 0 5 2 5 6 0 .0 1 5 3 8 6 0 .1 9 6 5 7 6 0

7 1 . REA L E ST A TE AND R EN TA L ................................................................... . 0 1 2 4 1 3 0 .0 2 7 7 5 5 0 . 0 1 2 1 9 9 0 .0 4 6 6 5 4 0 .0 0 2 5 4 0 0 . 0 4 7 1 6 2 0 .0 7 2 0 4 0 0

7 2 . H O T E L S ,P E R S O N A L AND R E P A IR S E R V IC E S ,E X C E P T AUTO . . .0 0 1 6 2 9 0 - - - - .0 0 2 2 6 9 0 -

7 3 . B U S IN E S S S E R V IC E S .............................................................................. .0 4 0 8 1 2 0 .0 2 4 0 1 0 0 .0 3 1 9 0 8 0 .0 4 7 4 2 8 0 .0 2 0 8 3 9 0 .0 5 6 9 7 7 0 .0 9 2 2 9 7 0

7 4 . RESEA R CH AND D EVELO PM EN T............................................................. .0 0 1 4 4 1 0 .0 0 0 2 3 9 0 .0 0 0 2 0 6 0 .0 0 0 3 8 7 0 .0 0 0 2 3 1 0 .0 0 0 2 3 3 0 • C 0 0230C

7 5 . AUTOMOBILE R E P A IR AND S E R V IC E S ............................................. . 0 0 1 2 2 1 0 .0 2 9 8 2 4 0 .0 0 1 2 3 3 0 .0 0 0 9 4 0 0 .0 0 0 9 4 3 0 . 0 1 2 1 2 4 0 .0 0 2 8 7 3 0

7 6 . AMUSEMENTS................................................................................................... .0 0 0 0 3 9 0 . 0 0 1 1 6 7 0 .0 0 0 2 6 8 0 .3 7 6 7 6 1 0 - .0 0 1 0 6 5 0 .0 0 0 2 0 0 0

7 7 . M E O IC A L,E D U C A T IO N A L AND NO NPROFIT O R G A N IZA T IO N S • • . 0 0 1 1 4 2 0 . 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 .0 0 0 8 9 0 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 6 0 .0 0 0 9 7 1 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 1 0 .0 0 6 3 4 1 0

7 8 . FE D E R A L GOVERNMENT E N T E R P R IS E S ............................................. .0 0 1 5 6 2 0 .0 0 1 5 6 2 0 .0 0 3 9 8 4 0 .0 0 0 5 6 8 0 .0 1 8 5 3 7 0 .0 0 9 4 8 3 0 . 0 1 1 8 3 5 0

7 9 . S T A TE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT E N T E R P R IS E S ....................... .0 0 0 2 2 1 0 .0 2 1 9 9 4 0 .0 0 0 4 1 6 0 .0 0 0 0 9 3 0 . 1 1 3 2 7 1 0 .0 0 3 6 7 5 0 .0 0 2 7 0 3 0

8 0 . GROSS IM PORTS OF GOOOS AND S E R V IC E S ............................ .1 0 8 8 6 4 0 .0 3 9 1 4 5 0 .0 0 3 1 6 8 0 - .0 0 3 6 6 1 0 .0 0 0 2 1 4 0 .0 0 4 8 7 5 0

8 1 . B U S IN E S S T R A V E L ,E N T E R T A IN M E N T AND G I F T S .... .0 0 8 8 4 2 0 .0 0 3 2 2 9 0 .0 0 3 6 7 7 0 .0 1 4 8 7 6 0 .0 0 2 2 2 9 0 .0 1 2 1 6 0 0 .0 1 0 4 5 8 0

8 2 . O F F IC E S U P P L IE S ................................................................................... . 0 0 1 3 2 9 0 .0 0 1 6 4 4 0 .0 0 3 9 2 4 0 .0 0 1 4 3 2 0 .0 0 1 0 4 7 0 .0 0 2 7 9 7 0 .0 0 6 6 5 0 0

TO TA L4 ............................................................................................................... .6 8 9 5 3 2 0 .3 9 7 8 2 4 0 . 1 5 7 8 2 3 0 .6 6 9 8 6 0 0 .4 9 7 8 6 1 0 .2 9 6 0 0 8 0 .4 8 7 4 7 6 0

See footnotes on p . 1 3 1 .

114

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-13. DIRECT REQUIREMENTS PER DOLLAR OF GROSS OUTPUT, 19801— Continued

(P r o d u c e r s v a lu e s - 1 9 5 8 d o lla r s ) 2

Industry num ber and title 3

Real estate 

and rental

H otels, 

person a l 

and repair' 

se r v ice s , 

except 

auto

Business

se rv ice s

R esearch

and

development®

Autom obile 

repair and 

se rv ice s

A m u sements

M edical,

educational

and

nonprofit

orga n iza ­

tions

71 72 73 74 75 76 77

1 . LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS............................................... .01 0 10 00 _ _ _

.00 3 76 70 .00 0 19 50

2 . OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ......................................................... .01 2 61 20 - - - - - .00 0 23 20

3 . FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS .................................................... .00 0 02 50 - - - - - -

4 . AGRICULTURAL,FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES. . . . . .0 0 0 09 30 - - - - .00 0 56 40 -

5 . IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES M IN IN G............................................... .0 0 0 0 8 0 0 - - - - - -

6 . NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING. . . . ..................................... .00 0 08 20 - - - - - -

7 . COAL M INING............................................................................. .... .00 0 17 30 .0 0 1 0 0 5 0 .0013750 -

.00 0 00 90

8 . CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS .............................................. .00 1 91 60 - - - - - -

9 . STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING .................................... .00 0 13 40 - - - - - -

1 0. CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING............................... .00 0 02 30 - - - - - -

11. NEW CONSTRUCTION....................................................................................... - - - - - - -

1 2. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION .................................... .05 8 89 10 .0 0 2 5 4 0 0 .00 0 62 90 - .0134210 .01 9 62 00 .02 6 47 00

1 3. ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES................................................................... .00 0 06 60 - - - - - -

14. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS .............................................................. .00 1 00 10 .00 1 06 70 - - " .0 0 7 3 7 4 0

1 5. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES............................................................................. .00 0 02 60 - - - - - .00 0 00 70

1 6. BROAD AND NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . .00 0 26 00 .01 0 25 20 - - - - • C00107C

1 7. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . .00 0 09 40 .00 1 99 30 .0 0 0 47 30 •00036CC .00 2 14 60 •C0C5940 .00 1 04 50

18. APPAREL ............................................................................................................ .00 0 38 70 .00 7 36 30 .0 0 0 13 00 - .00 0 13 30 - .00 1 56 10

1 9. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS ..................... .0000410 .00 9 61 50 .0 0 0 6 3 3 0 .0 0 0 4 3 4 0 .00 2 09 10 .00 0 86 50 .00 1 36 50

2 0 . LUMBER ANO WOOD PRODUCTS, EXCEPT CONTAINERS..................... .00 0 38 10 .00 0 38 70 - - - - .0 0 0 1 3 5 0

2 1 . WOODEN CONTAINERS .................................................................................. .00 0 01 30 “ ~ - -

2 2 . HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ............................................................................. .00 0 03 90 .00 0 75 90 - - - - -

2 3 . OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES......................................................... .00 0 01 40 .0 0 0 2 0 1 0 - - - - -

2 4 . PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . .00 0 16 80 .01 1 91 90 .00 2 12 40 .00 1 26 50 .00 0 41 30 .00 0 59 50 .0 0 3 7 1 9 0

2 5. PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS ANO BOXES . . . . . ..................... .00 0 14 60 .00 1 55 20 .00 0 26 40 .00C304C .00 0 11 90 .0001420 .00 0 89 60

2 6 . PRINTING ANO PUBLISHING ................................................................... .00 0 93 80 .00 0 54 40 .12 7 79 80 .00 0 09 00 .00 1 30 70 .00 3 55 30 .01 4 43 40

2 7 . CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS.......................... .00 1 23 60 .00 8 20 80 .0 0 0 4 5 3 0 - .00 0 00 80 - .0 0 0 39 90

2 8 . PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS.............................................. .00 0 17 00 - - - - - -

2 9 . DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS............................... .00 0 54 10 .01 6 03 20 .0 0 0 9 6 6 0 .00 1 15 80 .00 1 26 40 .0001760 .05 2 98 90

30. PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.............................................................. .00 0 17 60 .00 0 00 80 - - .00 8 09 10 - -

3 1 . PETROLEUM REFINING ANO RELATED INDUSTRIES ..................... .00 4 34 50 .01 1 14 70 .0 0 3 4 0 3 0 - .00 3 41 90 .00 0 64 90 .00 2 98 30

3 2. RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS..................... .00 0 71 10 .00 5 71 50 .00 2 14 00 .00 3 23 00 .0346820 .0003050 .0 0 2 8 5 8 0

3 3. LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . . .00 0 00 90 - - - - - -

3 4 . FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ..................................... .00 0 05 80 . CC04730 .00 0 01 30 - .0000050 .0014620 .00 0 09 60

35. GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS................................................................... .00 0 09 30 .00 0 25 30 “ -

.0120510 -

.00 0 27 00

36. STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS ................................................................... .00 0 31 60 .00 4 23 40 .0 0 0 0 0 7 0 - .0049420 - .00 0 00 30

3 7. PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING..................................... .00 0 32 30 - - - - - -

3 8. PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING .......................... .00 0 17 60 .0 0 0 51 40 .00 0 50 30 - - - -

3 9. METAL CONTAINERS....................................................................................... .00 0 04 00 - - - - - -

4 0 . HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . . .00 0 14 80 - - - - - -

4 1 . STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS..................... .00 0 07 20 - - - - - .00 0 77 40

4 2 . OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS ............................................... .00 0 10 70 .00 2 26 70 .00 0 02 50 .01 4 20 90 -

.00 0 01 70

4 3. ENGINES AND TURBINES............................................................................. .00 0 07 00 _ .00 2 65 30 _ _ _ _

4 4 . FARM MACHINERY ANO EQUIPMENT......................................................... .00 0 08 00 .00 0 34 80 .00 2 74 60 - - - -

4 5 . CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . . .00 0 11 00 - .0 0 0 52 30 - - - -

4 6 . MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT..................... .00 0 08 90 - - - - - -

4 7 . METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.................................... .00 0 54 40 - .00 0 58 70 - .00 0 11 90 - -

4 8 . SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.......................... .00 0 15 40 .00 0 04 30 - - - - -

4 9. GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT..................... .00 0 14 60 - - "

5 0 . MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ........................................................................ .00 0 16 40 -

.0 0 0 0 1 9 0 - .01 3 04 90 -

.00 0 00 90

5 1. OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES.......................... .00 0 12 40 - .04 5 69 60 - - - .0 0 0 3 8 7 0

5 2 . SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES .............................................................. .00 0 21 90 .00 3 49 90 .00 5 93 90 .00 0 38 20 - - -

5 3 . ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . . .00 0 11 10 .00 0 56 50 .00 0 00 30 - .00 0 80 10 - -

5 4. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES............................................................................. .00 0 34 90 .01 0 97 80 - - - - -

5 5 . ELECTRIC LIGHTING ANO WIRING EQUIPMENT............................... .00 0 05 50 .00 0 64 00 .00 0 00 30 - .00 4 40 30 - •CC00020

5 6. RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . . . .00 0 22 70 .00 0 93 60 .0 0 3 9 3 4 0 - - - .00 0 89 50

5 7 . ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ............................... .00 0 32 00 .03 9 53 30 .00 0 93 80 .0 2 7 2 8 9 0 .00 0 93 80 .0009380 .0 0 0 6 6 1 0

5 8 . MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY ANO EQUIPMENT. . .00 0 05 80 .00 0 32 00 .00 0 16 20 - .01 6 00 00 - .00 0 55 10

5 9 . MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT......................................................... .00 0 30 40 - .00 0 16 60 - .16 0 95 50 - .0 0 0 07 80

6 0 . AIRCRAFT AND PARTS.................................................................................. .00 0 21 30 - - - - - -

6 1 . OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.................................................... .00 0 09 30 .00 0 60 30 .0 0 0 4 8 0 0 .00 0 87 20 .00 0 98 10 .00 0 13 60 .00 0 70 30

6 2 . SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS............................... .00 0 19 10 .00 7 20 80 - - .00 2 76 40 - .00 7 88 60

6 3 . OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . . . .00 0 07 10 .00 8 24 50 .0 0 8 56 20 .00 4 13 60 .00 4 53 40

6 4 . MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING . . .............................................. .00 0 23 40 .02 1 93 50 .00 8 28 20 .00 1 00 80 .00 0 23 50 .01 5 81 90 .0 0 1 46 00

6 5 . TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING.................................................... .0059270 .00 6 97 60 .0 0 3 4 4 0 0 .00 0 35 50 .00 8 85 50 .0037480 .00 4 98 40

6 6 . COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING.......................................... .00 4 02 50 .00 7 44 00 .06 6 34 20 .0 0 0 42 10 .0082210 .00 6 14 80 .01 0 34 10

6 7 . RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING.......................................... .00 0 22 80 - .02 9 38 80 - - - -

6 8 . ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES.......................... .00 4 16 90 .02 0 01 10 .01 0 31 40 - .03 4 68 80 .00 7 73 70 .0 3 3 3 8 1 0

6 9 . WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE.............................................................. .01 7 60 40 .04 3 56 80 .18 3 46 40 .00 2 22 30 .0865940 .01 2 68 10 .01 8 88 50

7 0 . FINANCE AND INSURANCE ........................................................................ .03 2 21 30 .01 5 69 10 .00 9 18 50 .00 0 90 40 .02 5 29 60 .0220820 .01 1 25 70

7 1. REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL........................................................................ .01 8 97 00 .04 3 02 00 .02 6 83 90 .00 2 02 00 .03 6 31 40 .04 6 62 90 .0 6 3 5 5 7 0

7 2 . HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES,EXCEPT AUTO . . .0 0 4 22 40 .02 9 11 70 .00 3 93 70 - - - .00 4 85 10

7 3. BUSINESS SERVICES .................................................................................. .02 3 22 50 .0 3 2 97 40 .0 3 8 1 2 4 0 .0 1 5 2 0 1 0 .02 4 60 20 .04 4 77 50 .03 2 21 50

7 4 . RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT................................................................... .00 0 23 30 .00 0 24 10 .00 0 23 00 .0 0 0 20 90 .00 0 25 20 - . C01757C

7 5. AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES.................................................... .00 1 60 20 .01 0 82 10 .00 3 84 00 - .01 8 95 20 - .0 0 1 68 70

7 6 . AMUSEMENTS...................................................................................................... .00 1 67 50 - .00 1 13 20 .00 0 99 40 - .24 8 53 50 .00 3 89 90

7 7. MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS . . .00 0 73 20 .00 1 15 20 .00 0 13 80 - .00 1 15 20 .0011440 .01 5 59 70

7 8 . FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES.................................................... .00 4 20 60 .00 0 55 40 .02 0 40 20 - .0004320 .0005310 .00 0 67 20

79. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES............................... .00 6 84 00 .00 1 55 80 .00 0 24 00 - .00 2 78 00 .00 0 21 70 .0 0 0 5 5 1 0

8 0 . GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES . ............................... - - - - - .02 7 68 30 .00 0 22 40

8 1. BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT AND GIFTS .......................... .00 0 68 60 .0094000 .00 5 21 90 .0 0 2 3 4 8 0 .00 2 79 10 .0113640 .01 4 73 70

8 2. OFFICE SUPPLIES ....................................................................................... .00 0 56 20 .00 2 04 90 .01 0 54 60 - .0005210 .00 1 54 70 .00 4 95 70

TOTAL4 ................................................................................................................. .22 7 27 10 .4 1 6 46 80 .63 4 03 90 .06 1 06 70 .5513710 .48 8 14 20 .3 5 8 6 5 6 0

S e e fo o tn o te s o n p . 1 31 .

115

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-13. DIRECT REQUIREMENTS PER DOLLAR OF GROSS OUTPUT, 19801— Continued

(P r o d u c e r s v a lu e s - 1 9 5 8 d o l la r s ) 2

Industry num ber and title 3

F ederal

governm ent

en terp rise s

State and 

lo ca l

governm ent

en terG ross 

im ports of 

goods and 

se rv ice s

Business 

travel, 

entertainm ent and

O ffice

supplies

p rise s gifts

78 79 80 81 82

l . LIVESTOCK AN0 LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS............................................... .0 0 0 4 3 3 0 .00 4 03 80

2 . OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ......................................................... .14 5 74 60 - - .00 9 74 80 -

3 . FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS .................................................... - - - .00 2 24 80 -

4 . AGRICULTURAL,FORESTRY ANO FISHERY SERVICES..................... - .00 0 12 00 - - -

5 . IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING ............................................... .0 0 0 44 00 - - - -

6 . nonferrous METAL ORES MINING......................................................... - - - - -

7 . COAL MINING .................................................................................................. .01 2 22 50 .01 7 17 30 *

8 . CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ............................................... - .00 4 10 00 _ _ _

9 . STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING .................................... .00 0 10 00 - - - -

1 0. CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING................................ - - - - -

11. NEW CONSTRUCTION....................................................................................... - - - - -

12. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION ..................................... .00 3 15 50 .22 0 06 50 - - -

13. ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES................................................................... - .00 0 00 20 - .0 0 0 6 9 1 0 -

14. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS .............................................................. .0 6 4 52 60 .00 0 11 10 - .28 9 48 20

15. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES.............................................................................

_ - -

.01 8 70 50 _

16. BROAD AND NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAO MILLS. . . - - - - -

17. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . - .00 0 47 20 - - -

1 8. APPAREL ............................................................................................................ - .00 0 32 40 - .00C9C1C -

19. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS ..................... .00 0 45 80 - - - -

2 0 . LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS, EXCEPT CONTAINERS.....................

- .00 0 00 90 - .0 0 0 2 3 9 0 -

2 1 . WOODEN CONTAINERS .................................................................................. - - ~ -

2 2 . HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE .............................................................................

_ _ - _ _

2 3 . OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES......................................................... - - - - -

2 4 . PAPER AND ALLIED PROOUCTS, EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . .0 0 6 8 1 0 0 .00 0 39 50 - .00 0 45 90 .19 6 63 30

2 5 . PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES ............................................... .00 1 63 90 - - - -

2 6 . PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ................................................................... .00 9 67 20 .00 2 55 50 - •000943C .47 9 25 50

2 7 . CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS.......................... - .02 0 25 70 - - .00 5 84 00

2 8 . PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS............................... ..... - •0C00080 ~ -

2 9 . DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS...............................

_ .00 0 64 20 _ .00 5 04 00 _

3 0 . PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.............................................................. - .00 0 02 50 - - -

3 1 . PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES ..................... .00 1 54 30 .00 8 39 00 - - -

3 2 . RUBBER 4ND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS..................... .0 0 0 2 7 2 0 .00 1 15 30 - .00 0 26 00 .00 5 48 90

3 3 . LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . . - - - - -

3 4 . FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ..................................... .00 0 15 90 - - •003214C -

3 5 . GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS................................................................... “ .00 0 32 40 .00 0 36 20

3 6 . STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS ................................................................... .00 2 96 10 .00 0 12 70 - .0 0 0 2 8 0 0 _

3 7 . PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING.................................... - .00 0 46 70 - - .00 1 73 90

3 8 . PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING .......................... - - - - -

3 9 . METAL CONTAINERS.......................................................................................

- - - - -

4 0 . HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . . - - - - -

4 1 . STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS..................... - - - - -

4 2 . OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS ............................................... .0 0 0 7 3 8 0 .00 4 45 00 - .00 0 52 40 .00 2 48 00

4 3 . ENGINES AND TURBINES............................................................................. - _ _ _ _

4 4 . FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT......................................................... - - - - -

4 5 . CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELO MACHINERY . . . . - - - - -

46. MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT..................... - - - - -

4 7 . METALWORKING MACHINERY ANO EQUIPMENT..................................... - - - - -

4 8 . SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.......................... - - - - -

4 9 . GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT..................... - - -

5 0 . MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ........................................................................ .00 0 27 50 .00 0 32 00 _ _ _

5 1 . OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES.......................... - - - - .01 1 42 00

5 2 . SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES .............................................................. - - - - -

5 3 . ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . . - - - - -

54. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES............................................................................. - - - .00 1 72 00 .01 0 97 80

5 5 . ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT................................ .00 0 05 30 .00 0 06 20 - - -

5 6 . RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . . . - - .00 7 07 30

5 7 . ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ................................ .00 0 21 40 .00 0 10 30 _ - _

5 8 . MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . .00 0 13 80 .00 0 21 40 - - -

5 9 . MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT......................................................... .00 2 41 20 .00 2 63 30 - - -

6 0 . AIRCRAFT AND PARTS.................................................................................. - - - - -

6 1 . OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.................................................... - - - - -

6 2 . SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS................................ - - - .0 0 1 1 6 4 0 -

6 3 . OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . . . - - .00 1 68 50 .18 1 57 60

6 4 . MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING ......................................................... _

.00 0 07 30 _.00 6 45 40 .12 6 31 70

6 5 . TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING.................................................... .15 6 51 50 .01 3 72 30 - .36 3 20 30 -

6 6 . COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING.......................................... .00 3 36 20 .00 6 15 50 - - -

6 7 . RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING .......................................... - - - - -

6 8 . ELECTRIC,GAS*WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES.......................... .02 8 52 70 .12 2 29 60 - - -

6 9 . WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE.............................................................. .01 5 93 90 .0 0 8 98 60 - .05 4 55 20 -

7 0 . FINANCE AND INSURANCE ........................................................................ .00 1 24 10 .00 9 08 80 -

7 1 . REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL........................................................................ .00 9 50 10 .0 1 3 77 60 _ _ _

7 2 . HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES, EXCEPT AUTO . . - .0 0 1 55 10 - .14 0 32 50 -

7 3 . BUSINESS SERVICES .................................................................................. .03 1 32 40 .03 2 67 20 - - -

7 4 . RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT................................................................... .00 0 76 70 - - - -

7 5 . AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES.................................................... .00 5 88 70 .00 1 12 00 - - -

7 6. AMUSEMENTS....................................................................................................... - - - .01 8 74 90 -

7 7 . MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS . . -

.00 0 05 50 .00 6 50 50 -

7 8 . FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES.................................................... .00 1 53 00 .00 0 82 10 - _ _

7 9 . STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES............................... .00 0 22 40 .00 0 10 30 - - -

8 0 . GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES ..................................... .01 1 79 60 - - .03 6 09 60 -

8 1 . BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT AND GIFTS .......................... .00 6 86 60 .00 2 34 50 - - -

8 2 . OFFICE SUPPLIES ....................................................................................... .00 6 76 90 .0 0 7 77 50 - - -

TOTAL4 ................................................................................................................. .53 4 21 70 .5 0 4 71 60 .00 0 00 00 .9 7 4 6 2 2 0 1 .0 2 20 89 0

S ee fo o tn o te s on p . 131.

1 1 6

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-14. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT (PRIMARY AND INDIRECT)1 PER BILLION DOLLARS OF DELIVERY TO FINAL DEMAND, 1980

(P rod u cers values - 1958 d o lla r s )3

Industry num ber and title 4

L iv estock

and

liv estock

products

Other

a g ricu ltural

products

F orestry

and

fish ery

products

A g ricu ltural,

fo re stry

and

fish ery

se rv ice s

Iron and 

fe rro a llo y 

ores 

mining

N on ferrous 

m etal ores 

mining

Coal

mining

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

I . LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS............................................... 3 6 ,1 9 6 3 ,2 0 8 1 ,9 9 4 6 ,5 4 4 68 64 52

2 . OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ......................................................... 1 4 ,1 3 0 4 0 ,2 4 9 4 ,4 8 1 1 6 ,1 5 2 120 109 98

3 . FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS .................................................... 74 62 5 3,5 41 37 38 33 48

4 . AGRICULTURAL*FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES..................... 3 ,6 8 4 3 ,5 0 0 1 ,6 1 5 1 1 3 ,1 8 5 23 25 24

5 . IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING ............................................... 6 10 3 5 1 0,2 68 153 12

b . NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING......................................................... 14 24 7 12 757 2 2 ,5 6 0 24

7 . COAL MINING .................................................................................................. 41 47 18 26 163 118 2 5 ,4 5 3

3 . CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ............................................... 137 264 118 130 167 185 140

9 . STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING ..................................... 46 108 18 46 24 44 33

1 0. CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING............................... 28 68 13 29 9 38 5

1 1 . NEW CONSTRUCTION....................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 2 . MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION ..................................... 716 754 266 484 557 495 362

1 3 . ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES................................................................... 3 3 2 2 3 4 4

1 4. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS .............................................................. 2 ,8 9 8 333 425 641 56 74 54

1 5. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES............................................................................. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 6. BROAD AND NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . 59 87 73 70 23 78 60

1 7 . MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . 39 62 129 95 9 13 28

1 8 . APPAREL ............................................................................................................ 25 24 14 16 13 18 19

1 9 . MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS ..................... 59 79 20 39 10 14 9

2 0 . LUMBER AND WOOO PRODUCTS, EXCEPT CONTAINERS..................... 84 114 69 71 2 83 96 424

2 1 . WOODEN CONTAINERS .................................................................................. 41 94 13 41 3 3 3

2 2 . HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ............................................................................. 3 4 5 3 4 3 5

2 3 . OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES......................................................... 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

2 4 . PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS*EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . 181 175 274 171 74 120 150

2 5 . PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES ............................................... 154 82 181 160 26 43 55

2 6 . PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ................................................................... 421 546 602 315 231 304 245

2 7 . CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS.......................... 631 1 ,5 3 1 298 652 240 735 114

2 8 . PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS.............................................. 100 173 88 98 38 78 89

2 9 . DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS............................... 87 53 20 35 14 30 13

3 0 . PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.............................................................. 22 27 27 16 18 22 21

3 1 . PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES ..................... 82 170 80 82 70 73 61

3 2 . RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS..................... 486 835 300 396 131 204 638

3 3 . LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . . 2 2 1 1 1 1 2

3 4 . FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PROOUCTS .................................... 13 19 7 10 4 5 7

3 5 . GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS................................................................... 92 50 29 37 19 25 31

3 6 . STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS ................................................................... 71 113 36 58 245 454 150

3 7 . PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING.................................... 125 131 76 95 514 1 ,2 1 0 469

3 8 . PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING .......................... 81 98 49 63 105 308 249

3 9 . METAL CONTAINERS....................................................................................... 107 43 21 35 7 14 6

4 0 . HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . . 37 41 30 27 79 69 78

4 1 . STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS..................... 103 57 31 46 57 91 336

4 2 . OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS ............................................... 141 153 71 255 113 165 291

4 3 . ENGINES AND TURBINES............................................................................. 10 14 15 8 30 36 33

4 4 . FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT......................................................... 88 197 31 83 13 18 22

4 5 . CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . . 12 20 9 10 575 842 1 ,1 1 7

4 6 . MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT..................... 7 11 5 6 17 34 268

4 7 . METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.................................... 33 40 22 28 54 104 258

4 8 . SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.......................... 34 74 20 34 17 42 19

4 9 . GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT..................... 27 43 21 24 88 180 217

5 0 . MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ........................................................................ 59 69 30 39 65 106 118

5 1 . OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES.......................... 44 65 72 35 26 34 28

5 2 . SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES .............................................................. 9 12 12 7 7 8 9

5 3 . ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . . 30 41 31 23 78 215 318

5 4 . HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES............................................................................. 5 6 6 4 5 5 7

5 5 . ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT............................... 24 23 15 15 32 44 93

5 6 . RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . . . 21 26 22 16 44 22 21

5 7 . ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ............................... 28 36 33 21 38 38 39

5 8 . MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . 31 38 10 20 21 19 18

5 9 . MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT......................................................... 53 49 18 28 68 42 69

6 0 . AIRCRAFT AND PARTS.................................................................................. 20 20 14 13 36 24 22

6 1 . OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.................................................... 16 16 325 11 91 24 151

6 2 . SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS............................... 16 18 10 11 22 35 25

6 3 . OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . . . 21 25 23 14 12 16 13

6 4 . MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING ......................................................... 45 55 82 43 31 38 86

6 5 . TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING.................................................... 1,5 7 1 1 ,1 1 9 835 951 4 ,2 7 8 1 ,8 4 4 634

6 6 . COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING.......................................... 314 332 271 309 197 213 143

6 7 . RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING .......................................... 76 114 140 62 41 51 41

6 8 . ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES.......................... 313 382 121 207 936 1 ,1 2 8 757

6 9 . WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE.............................................................. 7 ,7 2 6 7 ,3 8 2 3 ,7 3 9 4 ,1 7 2 2 ,6 2 7 4 ,0 9 9 4 ,2 2 2

7 0 . FINANCE AND INSURANCE ........................................................................ 1 ,4 3 8 1 ,3 8 6 1 ,4 5 8 977 854 1 ,4 2 7 1 ,0 3 7

7 1 . REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL........................................................................ 231 383 196 227 378 190 172

7 2 . HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERV ICES, EXCEPT AUTO . . 218 246 160 155 286 348 233

7 3 . BUSINESS SERVICES .................................................................................. 2 ,0 7 8 3 ,0 9 1 3 ,8 1 5 1 ,6 8 2 1 ,1 0 1 1 ,3 7 8 1 ,1 1 5

7 4 . RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT................................................................... 42 38 24 25 66 73 56

7 5 . AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES.................................................... 253 183 84 118 149 98 8b

7 6 . AMUSEMENTS...................................................................................................... 97 126 126 73 76 76 60

7 7 . MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS . . 1 ,1 6 3 287 209 374 195 256 249

7 8 . FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES.................................................... 327 392 321 276 371 458 376

7 9 . STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES............................... 227 258 104 154 587 636 419

8 0 . GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES .................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 1 . BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT AND GIFTS .......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 2 . OFFICE SUPPLIES ....................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL ................................................................................................................. 7 7 ,9 2 6 7 0,0 12 7 7 ,4 7 6 1 5 0 ,4 3 4 2 8 ,1 0 0 4 2 ,2 8 0 4 2 ,4 1 3

See footnotes on p. 131.

117

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-14. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT (PRIMARY AND INDIRECT)1 PER BILLION DOLLARS OF DELIVERY TO FINAL DEMAND, 19802 — Continued

________________________________________________________(P rod u cers values - 1958 d olla rs) 3___________ ______________ _______________ _______________

Industry num ber and title 4

Crude

petroleum

and

natural

gas

Stone and 

clay

mining and 

quarrying

C hem ical

and

fe r tiliz e r

m ineral

mining

New

con stru ction

Maintenance 

and rep air 

construction

Ordnance

and

a cce s s o rie s

F ood and 

kindred 

products

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

I . LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS............................................... 109 59 61 113 60 128 1 0,3 71

2 . OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ......................................................... 171 97 91 390 115 173 7 ,5 6 2

3 . FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS .................................................... 12 17 19 290 131 35 320

4 . AGRICULTURAL,FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES..................... 30 25 21 81 40 42 1 ,3 6 0

5 . IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING ............................................... 4 20 21 47 20 33 10

6 . NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING......................................................... 8 29 30 99 55 179 21

7 . COAL MINING .................................................................................................. 24 110 82 66 35 55 59

8 . CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ............................................... 1 2 ,6 8 9 212 171 176 172 96 128

9 . STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING ..................................... 10 2 6 ,7 7 7 467 524 253 38 38

1 0 . CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING............................... 4 15 1 0 ,3 5 2 17 14 13 23

1 1. NEW CONSTRUCTION........................................................................................ 0 0 0 2 8 ,5 2 4 0 0 0

1 2. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION ..................................... 628 453 397 394 4 3 ,3 0 0 457 585

1 3. ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES................................................................... 4 3 3 14 6 3 1 ,8 9 3 4

1 4. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS .............................................................. 61 67 79 114 73 180 1 8 ,0 3 2

1 5 . TOBACCO MANUFACTURES............................................................................. 1 1 2 2 1 4 2

1 6. BROAD AND NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . 18 42 32 70 34 117 94

1 7. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . 12 28 12 31 16 74 44

1 8. APPAREL ............................................................................................................ 14 20 14 44 25 118 70

1 9. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS ..................... 8 12 11 22 14 23 100

2 0 . LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS..................... 69 84 77 2 ,7 0 7 1 ,1 6 5 184 138

2 1 . WOODEN CONTAINERS .................................................................................. 2 5 3 19 9 27 61

2 2 . HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ............................................................................. 3 3 3 242 11 68 5

2 3 . OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES......................................................... 2 2 1 211 34 25 2

2 4 . PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS, EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . 94 335 213 418 250 355 51 *

2 5 . PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES ............................................... 25 109 57 144 100 231 607

2 6 . PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ................................................................... 412 315 256 731 277 878 733

2 7 . CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS.......................... 108 230 303 352 353 328 49 7

2 8 . PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS............................................... 33 97 49 154 251 258 161

2 9 . DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS............................... 12 25 19 39 34 45 128

3 0 . PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.............................................................. 23 17 14 117 765 41 26

3 1 . PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES ..................... 35 104 57 107 114 50 74

3 2. RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS..................... 143 620 208 460 258 1 ,5 7 9 741

3 3 . LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . . 1 2 1 3 2 6 2

3 4 . FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ..................................... 5 7 6 14 8 29 12

3 5 . GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS................................................................... 20 31 20 161 226 185 372

3 6 . STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS ................................................................... 54 2 ,1 7 5 104 2 ,8 3 4 1 ,1 9 4 341 81

3 7 . PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING.................................... 119 647 535 1 ,7 9 5 725 1 ,1 5 4 307

3 8 . PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING .......................... 74 121 147 1 ,0 4 6 566 2 ,0 0 9 183

3 9 . METAL CONTAINERS........................................................................................ 5 8 8 18 49 17 559

4 0 . HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . . 59 65 49 2 ,9 5 9 1 ,5 8 8 100 39

4 1 . STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS..................... 59 82 85 344 170 906 197

4 2 . OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS ............................................... 194 167 120 823 266 782 171

4 3 . e n g in e s AND TURBINES............................................................................. 44 31 31 37 16 80 13

4 4 . FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT......................................................... 10 23 14 26 10 51 49

4 5 . CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . . 112 1 ,0 3 5 611 149 60 53 13

4 6 . MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT..................... 8 646 216 278 37 27 7

4 7 . METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT..................................... 39 88 58 167 75 1 ,0 8 5 65

4 8 . SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.......................... 32 26 22 52 32 102 35

4 9 . GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT..................... 276 275 144 364 104 500 37

5 0 . MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ........................................................................ 44 141 90 227 104 4 ,7 2 0 83

5 1 . OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES.......................... 49 35 30 91 32 170 70

5 2 . SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES .............................................................. 11 9 7 393 91 107 12

5 3 . ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . . 127 184 226 516 247 1 ,1 0 6 44

5 4 . HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES............................... .... ........................................ 5 5 4 223 109 50 8

5 5 . ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT............................... 20 37 23 671 344 631 42

5 6 . RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . . . 24 22 21 70 80 2 ,4 4 0 29

5 7 . ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ............................... 86 38 35 109 62 1 ,2 3 8 41

5 8 . MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . 13 18 18 52 30 100 2 7

5 9 . MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT......................................................... 33 45 62 71 33 176 56

6 0 . AIRCRAFT AND PARTS.................................................................................. 23 26 30 60 27 1 1 ,5 3 5 32

6 1 . OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.................................................... 15 27 39 56 27 147 23

6 2 . SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS............................... 18 29 25 261 90 1 ,0 1 2 21

6 3 . OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . . . 17 17 15 36 18 69 29

6 4 . MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING ......................................................... 36 66 44 148 128 208 79

6 5 . TRANSPORTATION ANO WAREHOUSING.................................................... 1,3 9 1 1 ,3 0 3 3 ,1 7 3 2 ,6 0 2 1 ,3 9 5 1 ,7 7 6 2 ,5 0 7

6 6 . COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING.......................................... 174 206 207 402 196 531 417

6 7 . RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING .......................................... 93 54 45 150 47 153 127

6 8 . ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES.......................... 303 939 884 406 234 361 343

6 9 . WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE.............................................................. 2 ,7 3 6 4 ,8 9 2 3 ,5 4 0 1 1,7 81 8 ,5 0 0 7 ,3 8 1 8 ,0 4 8

7 0 . FINANCE AND INSURANCE ........................................................................ 1 ,2 3 5 1 ,1 3 5 792 1 ,3 5 7 655 1 ,3 4 5 1 ,2 8 8

7 1 . REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL........................................................................ 910 191 115 146 87 142 184

7 2. HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES, EXCEPT AUTO . . 278 355 353 448 240 845 397

7 3. BUSINESS SERVICES .................................................................................. 2 ,4 7 7 1 ,4 6 9 1 ,2 3 1 4 ,0 9 2 1 ,2 7 3 4 ,1 7 9 3 ,4 6 9

7 4 . RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT................................................................... 21 64 26 106 105 191 122

7 5 . AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES.................................................... 130 98 121 388 173 138 436

7 6. AMUSEMENTS....................................................................................................... 123 77 76 168 70 195 145

7 7 . MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS . . 211 244 221 333 197 408 603

7 8 . FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES.................................................... 286 403 372 477 260 561 427

7 9 . STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES............................... 253 556 536 316 182 260 281

8 0 . GROSS IMPORTS OF GOOOS AND SERVICES .................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 1. BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT AND GIFTS .......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 2 . OFFICE SUPPLIES ....................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL ................................................................................................................. 2 7 ,0 1 7 4 8 ,0 4 5 2 7 ,6 5 2 7 3 ,9 4 3 6 8 ,1 4 7 8 7 ,3 3 0 6 4 ,0 3 9

See footnotes on p. 131.

1 1 8

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-14. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT (PRIMARY AND INDIRECT) PER BILLION DOLLARS OF DELIVERY TO FINAL DEMAND, 1980 — Continued

(P rod u cers values - 1958 dolla rs) 3

Industry num ber and title 4

T obacco

m anufactures

Broad and 

narrow 

fa b ric s , 

yarn and 

thread 

m ills

M isce lla ­

neous 

textile 

goods and 

floor

coverin gs

A pparel

M isc e lla ­

neous

fabricated

textile

products

Lum ber and 

wood 

p ro d u cts, 

except 

containers

Wooden

containers

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

I . LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS............................................... 646 633 473 275 366 356 182

2 . OTHER AGRICULTURAL PR00UCTS ......................................................... 6 ,9 1 7 2 ,9 1 5 889 1 ,0 7 9 1 ,3 9 5 1 ,7 8 6 724

3 . FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS .................................................... 31 115 90 405 103 4 ,8 6 0 1 ,7 7 7

4 . AGRICULTURALtFORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES..................... 615 303 127 132 164 429 178

5 . IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING ............................................... 4 18 14 9 12 6 30

6 . NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING......................................................... 12 45 35 23 31 16 16

7 . COAL MINING ................................................................................................. 30 153 105 68 93 43 55

8 . CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ............................................... 73 227 175 111 155 165 148

9 . STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING ..................................... 26 51 37 24 37 29 25

1 0 . CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING................................ 20 109 79 48 63 17 9

1 1. NEW CONSTRUCTION....................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 2. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION .................................... 246 563 472 375 468 453 420

1 3. ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES................................................................... 2 4 4 3 7 3 3

1 4. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS .............................................................. 222 279 222 162 210 138 118

1 5. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES............................................................................. 7 ,8 8 5 2 2 2 2 2 2

16 . BROAD AND NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . 47 3 2,4 18 6 ,6 8 7 1 0 ,4 5 7 1 4 ,3 0 9 69 54

17. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . 25 604 1 6 ,5 8 6 329 1 ,7 8 5 39 26

1 8. APPAREL ............................................................................................................ 15 191 259 6 3 ,1 4 4 695 117 58

1 9. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS ..................... 23 217 254 590 3 7 ,9 1 9 29 21

2 0 . LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS..................... 128 197 197 127 227 4 7 ,4 6 8 1 7 ,3 1 5

2 1 . WOODEN CONTAINERS .................................................................................. 54 17 10 8 11 71 4 4 ,0 8 0

2 2 . HUUSEHOLD FURNITURE ............................................................................. 3 12 117 9 146 119 290

2 3 . OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES......................................................... 1 3 4 4 90 17 44

2 4 . PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . 586 720 852 454 907 428 300

2 5 . PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES ............................................... 411 535 419 417 608 222 17 i

2 6 . PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ................................................................... 653 680 576 554 676 615 553

2 7 . CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS.......................... 473 3 ,0 8 4 2 ,2 3 2 1 ,3 3 4 1 ,7 1 9 442 228

2 8 . PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS.............................................. 373 4 ,1 1 6 4 ,0 5 1 1 ,6 6 5 2 ,3 6 9 289 141

2 9 . DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS............................... 48 196 142 87 126 50 38

3 0. PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.............................................................. 14 75 71 37 54 136 77

3 1. PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES ..................... 44 126 98 60 84 98 80

3 2. RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS. . . . . 432 975 1 ,7 3 9 625 3 ,1 9 6 423 306

3 3 . LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . . 2 8 9 73 20 2 2

3 4 . FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS .................................... 7 17 44 81 212 14 11

3 5 . GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS................................................................... 28 936 316 324 498 102 6 7

3 6. STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS ................................................................... 42 138 129 72 118 231 185

3 7 . PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING..................................... 72 193 166 119 190 159 1 ,2 4 3

3 8 . PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING .......................... 77 174 146 109 154 120 120

3 9. METAL CONTAINERS....................................................................................... 47 63 49 29 40 20 14

4 0 . HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . . 16 46 37 28 41 52 63

4 1 . STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS..................... 36 94 87 60 111 185 204

4 2 . OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS ............................................... 117 199 195 154 260 413 441

4 3 . ENGINES AND TURBINES............................................................................. 9 13 12 9 11 13 12

4 4 . FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT......................................................... 40 23 22 12 16 16 12

4 5 . CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . . 8 27 20 13 18 13 15

46. MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT..................... 4 18 13 9 12 37 19

4 7 . m etalworking machinery and e q u ipm en t.................................... 28 92 79 47 82 56 79

4 8 . SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.......................... 30 378 188 143 200 92 169

4 9 . GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT..................... 20 73 54 36 71 89 74

5 0 . MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ........................................................................ 35 84 83 52 109 109 153

5 1 . OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES.......................... 64 71 60 55 68 42 40

5 2 . SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES .............................................................. 9 13 11 10 13 9 10

5 3. ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . . 23 80 64 46 69 47 55

5 4 . HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES............................................................................. 3 8 7 7 9 7 7

5 5 . ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT............................... 18 48 42 27 45 82 123

5 6 . RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . . . 20 35 32 27 38 24 25

5 7 . ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ............................... 30 50 43 40 60 35 38

5 8 . MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . 12 18 15 11 17 28 30

5 9 . MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT......................................................... 19 33 36 25 37 79 86

6 0 . AIRCRAFT AND PARTS.................................................................................. 15 35 48 23 58 32 31

6 1 . OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.................................................... 11 25 24 18 23 83 54

6 2 . SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS............................... 11 33 32 29 187 21 22

6 3 . OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . . . 22 46 41 32 40 22 22

6 4 . MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING ......................................................... 80 164 347 735 677 113 87

6 5 . TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING.................................................... 1,0 5 1 2 ,7 6 2 2 ,7 8 2 1 ,6 4 2 2 ,2 7 9 2 ,9 7 1 2 ,9 6 4

6 6 . COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING.......................................... 2 20 399 384 357 392 340 309

6 7 . RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING .......................................... 121 110 92 87 99 70 65

6 8 . ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES.......................... 167 645 498 346 489 411 521

6 9 . WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE.............................................................. 3 ,7 9 9 8 ,2 3 6 8 ,1 6 0 7 ,2 5 5 9 ,6 1 4 6 ,8 3 0 7 ,7 3 0

7 0 . FINANCE AND INSURANCE ........................................................................ 604 1 ,5 2 3 1 ,4 6 8 1 ,2 5 5 1 ,3 8 6 1 ,1 3 4 1 ,1 4 3

7 1 . REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL........................................................................ 108 177 159 166 193 145 153

7 2 . HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES, EXCEPT AUTO . . 231 722 584 821 801 585 758

7 3 . BUSINESS SERVICES .................................................................................. 3 ,2 9 7 3 ,0 0 8 2 ,5 0 2 2 ,3 5 8 2 ,7 0 3 1 ,8 9 8 1 ,7 6 7

7 4 . RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT................................................................... 190 135 116 102 137 40 37

7 5 . AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES.................................................... 115 213 191 141 228 819 907

7 6 . AMUSEMENTS....................................................................................................... 114 144 125 122 142 105 110

7 7 . MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS . . 268 473 395 416 457 319 350

7 8. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES.................................................... 461 690 644 581 660 352 414

7 9 . STATE ANO LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES............................... 127 436 359 249 353 330 386

8 0 . GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES .................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 1 . BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT AND GIFTS .......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 2 . OFFICE SUPPLIES ....................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL . . . ................................................................................................. 3 1 ,8 8 2 7 2 ,4 8 8 5 7 ,9 2 4 1 0 0 ,9 6 5 9 1 ,4 6 3 7 7 ,6 2 8 8 8 ,5 9 4

See footnotes on p. 131.

119

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-14. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT (PRIMARY AND INDIRECT)1 PER BILLION DOLLARS OF DELIVERY TO FINAL DEMAND, 19802 — Continued

(P rod u cers values - 1958 d o lla rs )3

Industry num ber and title 4

Household

furniture

Other

furniture

and

fixtures

P aper and 

allied 

p ro d u cts, 

except 

containers

P aperboard

containers

and

boxes

Printing

and

publishing

Chem icals

and

selected

ch em ical

products

P la stics

and

synthetic

m aterials

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

I . LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS............................................... 243 115 176 116 156 262 182

2 • OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ......................................................... 550 240 300 187 250 351 253

3 . FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS .................................................... 584 274 321 144 89 438 195

4 . AGRICULTURAL.FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES..................... 108 59 66 45 48 70 50

5 . IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING ............................................... 26 87 9 7 5 71 31

6 . NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING......................................................... 48 66 24 16 16 180 77

7 . COAL MINING .................................................................................................. 67 90 125 70 54 230 152

8 . CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ............................................... 112 103 220 153 104 498 320

9 . STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING .................................... 37 52 144 66 40 104 59

1 0 . CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING............................... 23 15 54 28 24 487 199

1 1. NEW CONSTRUCTION....................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 2 . MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION ..................................... 392 399 642 579 605 488 650

1 3 . ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES................................................................... 5 13 4 15 22 5 4

1 4 . FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS .............................................................. 280 127 241 154 203 381 265

1 5. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES.............................................................................. 2 2 2 2 4 3 2

1 6. BROAD AND NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . 2 ,0 9 0 337 352 183 111 93 112

1 7 . MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . 372 365 107 70 62 33 42

1 8 . APPAREL ............................................................................................................ 90 117 86 102 34 59 65

1 9 . MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS ..................... 81 60 118 59 38 120 59

2 0 . LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS.EXCEPT CONTAINERS..................... 5 ,4 8 6 2 ,5 3 0 2 ,8 1 7 1 ,2 1 7 652 260 255

2 1 . WOODEN CONTAINERS .................................................................................. 19 16 21 22 8 12 12

2 2 . HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ............................................................................. 4 7 ,4 2 0 1 ,1 4 9 12 7 6 5 5

2 3 . OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES......................................................... 236 4 2 ,1 3 1 9 5 17 3 3

2 4 . PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS, EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . 527 511 2 2 ,7 4 3 9 ,2 9 1 4 ,9 9 2 574 1 ,1 6 1

2 5 . PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS ANO BOXES ............................................... 659 684 900 2 5 ,2 1 5 375 288 325

2 6 . PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ................................................................... 457 525 1 ,0 3 0 968 4 8 ,1 2 8 720 605

2 7 . CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS.......................... 593 381 971 545 564 1 4 ,2 1 7 5 ,7 4 6

2 8 . PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS............................................... 688 353 573 400 175 725 1 2,3 71

2 9 . DRUGS.CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS................................ 51 40 82 71 45 345 321

3 0 . PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.............................................................. 367 303 38 27 22 95 151

3 1 . PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES ..................... 57 48 102 79 47 294 189

3 2 . RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS..................... 2 ,6 1 0 1 ,2 2 5 1 ,6 1 1 1 ,2 8 3 505 450 766

3 3 . LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . . 28 32 3 3 2 3 2

3 4 . FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS .................................... 40 20 21 24 18 12 10

3 5 . GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS................................................................... 676 1 ,4 6 7 79 129 42 118 91

3 6 . STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS ................................................................... 232 250 284 148 101 214 144

3 7 . PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING..................................... 985 3 ,6 1 4 176 173 106 398 229

3 8 . PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING .......................... 458 626 154 115 116 493 248

3 9 . METAL CONTAINERS....................................................................................... 41 30 28 93 17 192 115

4 0 . HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . . 167 506 45 39 35 51 32

4 1 . STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS..................... 370 434 148 130 77 130 114

4 2 . OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS ............................................... 1 ,8 4 7 1 ,4 0 3 513 325 216 282 219

4 3 . ENGINES AND TURBINES............................................................................. 12 17 11 10 11 16 13

4 4 . FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT......................................................... 13 35 9 7 11 13 9

4 5 . CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . . 22 38 23 15 13 66 34

4 6 . MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT..................... 42 18 15 10 8 50 24

4 7 . METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT..................................... 171 276 97 89 54 115 125

4 8 . SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.......................... 160 66 145 187 130 605 295

4 9 . GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT..................... 87 155 68 66 39 108 80

5 0 . MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ........................................................................ 150 252 109 102 60 124 105

5 1 . OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES.......................... 42 165 62 47 108 103 69

5 2 . SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES .............................................................. 15 191 11 9 14 15 12

5 3 . ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . . 82 162 71 56 64 140 101

5 4 . HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES............................................................................. 37 32 7 8 8 8 7

5 5 . ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT................................ 85 92 84 62 38 37 44

5 6 . RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . . . 38 93 28 26 56 39 36

5 7 . ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ................................ 55 117 42 37 64 63 48

5 8 . MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . 20 24 16 14 13 19 15

5 9 . MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT......................................................... 43 89 31 27 28 35 28

6 0 . AIRCRAFT AND PARTS.................................................................................. 41 87 34 36 90 38 32

6 1 . OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.................................................... 30 51 25 22 19 29 23

6 2 . SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS................................ 44 314 40 27 32 47 43

6 3 . OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . . . 27 29 32 27 140 40 67

6 4 . MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING ......................................................... 233 543 101 99 175 121 94

6 5 . TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING.................................................... 2 ,1 1 9 1 ,9 2 2 2 ,5 2 7 2 ,5 2 2 1 ,8 3 6 2 ,6 1 9 2 ,5 0 9

6 6 . COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING.......................................... 385 364 331 305 659 397 339

6 7 . RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING .......................................... 63 77 83 71 150 111 94

6 8 . ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES.......................... 432 484 1 ,0 5 9 595 503 909 666

6 9 . WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE.............................................................. 7 ,5 4 6 7 ,7 7 7 6 ,0 5 4 6 ,1 5 8 5 ,4 7 5 5 ,3 9 3 5 ,0 0 1

7 0 . FINANCE AND INSURANCE ........................................................................ 1 ,0 4 7 1 ,0 1 8 1 ,0 4 0 1 ,0 7 3 1 ,2 9 2 1 ,3 5 1 1 ,2 4 3

7 1. REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL. . . . . ............................................... 156 147 118 137 284 177 144

7 2 . HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES♦EXCEPT AUTO . . 700 660 466 532 782 574 436

7 3 . BUSINESS SERVICES .................................................................................. 1 ,7 2 3 2 ,1 0 1 2 ,2 7 1 1 ,9 3 3 4 ,0 8 1 3 ,0 3 1 2 ,5 5 1

7 4 . RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT................................................................... 91 83 179 195 218 138 148

7 5. AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES.................................................... 236 218 215 187 176 212 172

7 6 . AMUSEMENTS................................................................... .... .............................. 106 116 109 104 191 149 118

77. MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS . . 357 334 315 342 337 323 328

7 8 . FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES.................................................... 404 453 556 458 1 ,0 7 1 685 835

7 9. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES................................ 305 325 662 402 340 561 433

8 0 . GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES .................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 1 . BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT AND GIFTS .......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 2 . OFFICE SU P P L IE S.............................................. .................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL ................................................................................................................. 8 6 ,2 3 6 7 9 ,7 2 4 5 2 ,3 9 6 5 8 ,2 9 4 7 6 ,6 9 6 4 2 ,2 0 6 4 2 ,1 6 7

See footnotes on p. 131.

1 2 0

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-14. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT (PRIMARY AND INDIRECT)1 PER BILLION DOLLARS OF DELIVERY TO FINAL DEMAND, 19802 — Continued

(Producers values - 1958 dollars)3

Industry number and title 4

Drugs,

cleaning,

and toilet

preparations

Paints and

allied

products

Petroleum

refining

and

related

industries

Rubber and

miscellaneous

plastics

products

Leather

tanning

and

industrial

leather

products

Footwear

and other

leather

products

Glass and

glass

products

29 30 31 32 33 34 35

I . LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS.......................................... 349 236 96 131 85 105 80

2. OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ................................................... 350 277 155 227 126 234 148

3. FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS .............................................. 85 134 29 77 97 90 114

4. AGRICULTURAL,FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES................... 71 60 30 44 27 42 35

5. IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING .......................................... 15 31 8 14 7 6 7

6. NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING................................................... 37 64 16 36 18 17 20

7. COAL MINING ....................................................................................... 73 107 43 78 94 46 91

8. CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS .......................................... 159 251 5,913 147 91 77 121

9. STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING ................................. 51 73 112 63 32 25 382

10. CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING............................ 67 127 22 73 50 30 27

11. NEW CONSTRUCTION.............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION ................................. 324 486 561 416 181 262 366

13. ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES............................................................ 9 5 4 6 4 5 5

14. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS ........................................................ 520 358 87 148 122 112 102

15. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES..................................................................... 2 3 1 2 1 2 2

16. BROAD AND NARROW FABRICStYARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . 82 79 27 863 51 1,123 57

17. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . 47 29 14 950 21 347 20

18. APPAREL ................................................................................................. 55 64 26 206 16 383 95

19. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS ................... 51 44 18 57 67 55 20

20. LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS, EXCEPT CONTAINERS................... 207 215 88 218 73 531 905

21. WOODEN CONTAINERS .......................................................................... 9 9 4 8 42 17 113

22. HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ..................................................................... 6 4 4 16 2 21 97

23. OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES................................................... 3 2 2 8 1 3 3

24. PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . 744 805 238 569 217 604 982

25. PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES .......................................... 873 468 95 357 108 443 2,204

26. PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ..................................... . . . . . 1,456 789 653 729 350 870 571

27. CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS........................ 1,902 3,647 612 1,748 1,158 781 626

28. PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS.......................................... 265 3,762 74 2,533 337 1,090 105

29. DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS............................ 14,017 318 68 105 394 105 55

30. PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS........................................................ 60 15,229 28 47 16 24 19

31. PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES ................... 95 150 4,337 76 52 41 46

32. RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS................... 1,009 493 177 25,773 353 2,293 323

33. LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PROOUCTS . . 3 2 1 21 27,503 3,982 2

34. FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ................................. 13 12 6 88 134 76,214 9

35. glass and glass products. . . . .......................................... 611 71 32 567 43 107 37,186

36. STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS ............................................................ 156 441 131 248 333 187 1,048

37. PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING................................. 280 617 153 251 76 117 136

38. PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING ....................... 183 297 100 210 70 100 129

39. METAL CONTAINERS.............................................................................. 336 861 36 37 28 20 20

40. HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . . 35 65 50 52 15 28 42

41. STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS................... 222 128 65 219 64 90 242

42. OTHER FABRICATED METAL PROOUCTS .......................................... 399 214 462 472 109 349 236

43. ENGINES AND TURBINES..................................................................... 17 13 29 12 6 9 10

44. FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT................................................... 20 15 12 11 4 11 13

45. CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . . 20 27 63 20 12 11 27

46. MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT................... 12 18 11 14 7 8 17

47. METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT................................. 76 104 55 104 53 54 107

48. SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT........................ 143 180 44 152 56 60 49

49. GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT................... 49 71 148 79 27 34 79

50. MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ................................................................. 80 119 50 339 44 74 101

51. OFFICE,COMPUTING ANO ACCOUNTING MACHINES........................ 159 77 79 68 30 66 53

52. SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES ........................................................ 27 13 13 13 5 11 13

53. ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . . 66 76 88 83 44 44 67

54. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES. . . . ................................................... 11 9 6 17 3 6 14

55. ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT............................ 29 39 22 91 45 57 123

56. RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . . . 48 35 38 57 14 30 24

57. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ............................ 83 55 70 67 23 66 36

58. MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . 14 18 15 18 8 11 14

59. MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT................................................... 28 37 35 27 18 21 26

60. AIRCRAFT AND PARTS.......................................................................... 35 37 29 128 16 32 23

61. OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.............................................. 19 25 23 27 12 15 17

62. SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS............................ 192 38 22 102 29 97 57

63. OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . . . 51 46 27 42 16 56 44

64. MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING ................................................... 124 105 65 223 51 197 82

65. TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING............................................... 1,676 2,751 2,698 1,913 1,393 1,361 1,723

66. COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING..................................... 475 435 289 337 199 335 290

67. RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING ..................................... 293 121 149 112 46 117 90

68. ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES........................ 344 507 454 529 240 258 753

69. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE........................................................ 6,408 7,160 3,721 6,021 3,762 5,154 5,175

70. FINANCE AND INSURANCE ................................................................. 1,173 1,359 1,210 1,035 831 1,041 1,086

71. REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL................................................................. 152 180 514 140 66 122 110

72. HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES, EXCEPT AUTO . . 483 569 267 549 317 711 535

73. BUSINESS SERVICES .......................................................................... 8,024 3,299 4,057 3,046 1,262 3,187 2,448

74. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT............................................................ 605 887 105 146 153 197 151

75. AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES............................................... 166 274 211 137 132 124 166

76. AMUSEMENTS.............................................................................. .... 266 157 158 134 63 133 112

77. MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS . . 301 369 293 321 220 323 279

78. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES............................................... 739 744 525 531 592 585 575

79. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES............................ 249 363 346 346 180 189 451

80. GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES ................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

81. BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT AND GIFTS ........................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

82. OFFICE SUPPLIES .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL..................................... ............................................................... 47,888 51,356 30,514 54,883 42,542 105,780 61,730

See footnotes on p. 131.

121

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-14. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT (PRIMARY AND INDIRECT)1 PER BILLION DOLLARS OF DELIVERY TO FINAL DEMAND, 19802 — Continued

(Producers values - 1958 dollars)3

Industry number and title4

Stone and

clay

products

Primary

iron and

steel

manufacturing

Primary

nonferrous

metals

manufacturing

Metal

containers

Heating,

plumbing

and

structural

metal

products

Stampings,

screw

machine

products

and bolts

Other

fabricated

metal

products

36 37 38 39 40 41 42

I . LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS.......................................... 95 66 64 63 74 75 79

2. OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ................................................... 163 108 103 100 114 117 126

3. FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS ............................................... 47 33 35 28 36 48 63

4. AGRICULTURALtFORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES................... 34 27 26 28 31 29 32

5. IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING .......................................... 24 623 61 177 116 105 101

6. NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING................................................... 37 117 1,755 266 199 128 185

7. COAL MINING ........................................................................................ 131 434 93 150 108 109 104

8. CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS .......................................... 192 173 132 112 104 121 112

9. STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING ................................. 2,040 142 49 57 59 52 54

10. CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING............................ 60 22 24 15 11 12 15

11. NEW CONSTRUCTION............................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION ................................. 462 795 535 550 416 390 380

13. ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES............................................................ 4 7 12 7 21 31 16

14. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS ........................................................ 126 86 84 82 99 98 104

15. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES..................................................................... 2 1 1 1 2 2 2

16. BROAD AND NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . 119 42 115 61 71 70 99

17. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . 32 16 27 36 21 30 47

18. APPAREL ................................................................................................. 23 76 63 45 95 99 99

19. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS ................... 36 19 24 17 28 28 19

20. LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS................... 235 162 151 147 243 352 480

21. WOODEN CONTAINERS ................... . . .......................................... 38 9 4 15 29 16 22

22. HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ...................................................................... 4 9 5 7 53 19 57

23. OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES................................................... 3 3 3 3 56 9 35

24. PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . 693 214 240 371 251 353 309

25. PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES .......................................... 350 79 88 353 190 312 209

26. PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ............................................................ 537 465 386 556 457 476 563

27. CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS....................... 659 464 572 341 260 286 357

28. PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS.......................................... 274 97 368 247 121 179 147

29. DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS............................ 136 57 50 72 33 39 35

30. PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS........................................................ 42 40 39 161 70 104 50

31. PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES ................... 86 64 59 47 47 59 53

32. RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS................... 515 243 219 759 276 465 500

33. LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . . 4 2 2 9 5 6 5

34. FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ................................. 12 8 8 10 12 30 17

35. GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS............................................................ 78 34 41 48 257 89 56

36. STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS ............................................................ 33,643 474 329 285 398 417 394

37. PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING. . • ................... 290 26,761 791 7,321 4,743 4,354 4,111

38. PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING ........................ 157 655 20,405 2,882 2,175 1,352 1,939

39. METAL CONTAINERS............................................................................... 19 13 15 19,142 22 82 28

40. HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . . 62 163 66 243 33,110 336 365

41. STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS................... 137 422 621 789 636 46,110 1,080

42. OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS .......................................... 522 772 573 487 1,234 1,265 30,337

43. ENGINES AND TURBINES..................................................................... 13 25 18 19 121 49 47

44. FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT................................................... 10 54 11 23 69 46 46

45. CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . . 99 99 85 46 128 43 116

46. MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT................... 59 26 20 17 66 26 64

47. METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT................................. 117 412 473 698 446 634 1,193

48. SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT........................ 71 82 48 49 132 56 121

49. GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT................... 68 221 241 356 537 142 412

50. MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ................................................................. 116 987 554 864 742 655 577

51. OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES........................ 47 48 39 45 75 82 62

52. SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES ........................................................ 11 14 16 17 183 51 42

53. ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . . 92 258 333 212 602 280 312

54. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES...................................................................... 6 13 21 69 248 93 59

55. ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT............................ 180 65 333 95 166 215 156

56. RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . . . 27 33 69 39 62 52 52

57. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ............................ 49 76 75 82 186 109 83

58. MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . 19 23 219 45 47 54 47

59. MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT................................................... 38 76 72 69 128 457 141

60. AIRCRAFT AND PARTS.......................................................................... 36 42 34 172 119 105 78

61. OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT............................................... 24 62 43 36 239 37 52

62. SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS............................ 46 45 55 53 496 121 203

63. OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . . . 25 22 21 23 27 31 27

64. MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING ................................................... 139 73 102 86 96 213 159

65. TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING............................................... 2,815 2,956 1,761 2,138 1,779 1,640 1,594

66. COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING..................................... 317 341 285 274 345 283 306

67. RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING ..................................... 77 71 59 71 79 72 82

68. ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES........................ 980 1,128 674 616 515 536 524

69. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE..................................... .... 5,198 5,143 5,020 5,886 6,041 5,143 5,714

70. FINANCE AND INSURANCE ................................................................. 1,259 1,093 1,102 1,084 1,123 1,056 1,000

71. REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL................................................................. 134 120 103 108 114 117 106

72. HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES, EXCEPT AUTO . . 531 424 395 432 556 555 569

73. BUSINESS SERVICES .......................................................................... 2,086 1,926 1,604 1,943 2,144 1,957 2,228

74. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT............................................................ 173 134 145 185 183 174 175

75. AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES............................................... 226 148 137 278 235 140 161

76. AMUSEMENTS............................................................................................ 110 96 84 95 109 102 111

77. MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS . . 306 306 302 334 317 299 293

78. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES............................................... 488 494 380 417 427 409 414

79. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES............................ 631 677 410 390 334 340 333

80. GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES . . . . . . . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

81. BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT AND GIFTS ................... . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

82. OFFICE SUPPLIES ............................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL ...................................................................................................... 58,743 51,806 43,577 53,453 65,492 74,621 60,441

See footnotes on p. 131.

122

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-14. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT (PRIMARY AND INDIRECT)1 PER BILLION DOLLARS OF DELIVERY TO FINAL DEMAND, 1980* — Continued

(Producers values - 1958 dollars) 3

Industry number and title 4

Engines

and

turbines

F arm

machinery

and

equipment

Construction,

mining and

oil field

machinery

Materials

handling

machinery

and

equipment

Metalworking

machinery

and

equipment

Special

industry

machinery

and

equipment

General

industrial

machinery

and

equipment

43 44 45 46 47 48 49

I . LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS.......................................... 71 66 78 103 83 95 89

2. OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ................................................... 102 144 113 151 118 139 127

3. FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS ............................................... 20 38 26 32 26 49 29

4. AGRICULTURAL,FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES................... 28 173 32 39 30 35 34

5. IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING .......................................... 60 89 97 91 66 71 77

6. NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING................................................... 106 68 66 104 100 131 102

7. COAL MINING ........................................................................................ 90 109 107 89 67 73 82

8. CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS .......................................... 86 98 100 103 96 106 95

9. STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING ................................. 43 54 55 52 46 45 118

10. CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING............................ 7 11 9 11 8 10 9

11. NEW CONSTRUCTION............................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION ................................. 295 365 340 395 424 382 388

13. ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES............................................................ 13 92 24 17 26 52 30

14. FOOD AND KINORED PRODUCTS ........................................................ 97 104 106 139 108 129 123

15. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES..................................................................... 2 2 2 3 2 3 3

16. BROAD AND NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . 61 89 68 146 66 110 77

17. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . 30 62 38 50 26 35 23

18. APPAREL ................................................................................................. 82 90 90 103 106 106 101

19. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS . . . . . 21 21 19 22 28 17 18

20. LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS, EXCEPT CONTAINERS................... 108 261 158 185 161 361 181

21. WOODEN CONTAINERS .......................................................................... 4 12 6 7 6 9 8

22. HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ..................................................................... 9 11 18 14 12 22 29

23. OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES................................................... 5 22 5 21 5 6 11

24. PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS, EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . 230 226 200 261 174 246 265

25. PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES .......................................... 193 142 98 135 84 94 128

26. PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ............................................................ 533 587 487 607 448 537 515

27. CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS....................... 171 262 214 257 182 245 210

28. PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS.......................................... 113 207 138 199 104 153 109

29. DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS............................ 30 38 34 43 29 37 32

30. PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS....................................................... 42 85 48 75 29 31 38

31. PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES ................... 45 49 50 52 49 55 47

32. RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS................... 455 1,470 808 985 390 729 383

33. LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . . 6 24 6 10 5 26 8

34. FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ................................. 14 16 12 26 17 13 13

35. GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS............................................................ 68 72 60 88 66 72 63

36. STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS ............................................................ 395 370 379 358 411 323 490

37. PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING................................. 2,437 3,693 4,081 3,759 2,619 2,852 3,147

38. PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING ....................... 1,147 665 634 1,085 1,072 1,423 1,077

39. METAL CONTAINERS.............................................................................. 11 15 12 16 16 12 12

40. HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . . 145 201 733 597 236 492 741

41. STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS................... 1,180 1,508 527 1,074 1,389 774 760

42. OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS .......................................... 353 483 746 1,062 965 814 895

43. ENGINES AND TURBINES..................................................................... 23,528 863 535 296 99 76 298

44. FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT................................................... 399 31,352 409 174 63 98 86

45. CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . . 810 375 29,219 1,435 99 259 265

46. MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT................... 91 61 296 37,287 139 256 377

47. METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT................................. 1,047 1,026 1,016 998 44,090 1,150 967

48. SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT........................ 83 139 112 204 252 34,482 216

49. GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT................... 1,092 2,314 2,630 3,282 1,589 2,539 31,906

50. MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ................................................................. 3,329 1,890 861 2,015 914 708 919

51. OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES........................ 59 69 75 131 60 142 68

52. SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES ........................................................ 24 40 44 73 66 119 188

53. ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . . 809 517 1,070 2,387 1,995 1,811 2,345

54. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES..................................................................... 17 85 22 22 82 45 22

55. ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT............................ 119 102 119 232 132 127 156

56. RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . . . 70 66 87 98 92 394 171

57. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ............................ 143 132 205 243 282 511 397

58. MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . 533 248 90 115 66 51 72

59. MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT................................................... 490 334 297 245 810 118 174

60. AIRCRAFT AND PARTS.......................................................................... 468 215 136 202 297 253 746

61. OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.............................................. 303 105 192 184 50 138 195

62. SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS............................ 96 127 118 150 161 190 387

63. OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . . . 26 31 27 34 28 61 34

64. MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING ................................................... 104 106 89 925 144 105 88

65. TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING............................................... 1,352 1,607 1,574 1,707 1,252 1,515 1,533

66. COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING..................................... 299 350 335 398 442 505 488

67. RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING ..................................... 91 112 88 108 83 91 91

68. ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES........................ 327 401 423 427 380 399 411

69. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE........................................................ 5,018 6,472 6,015 7,612 5,362 6,161 6,899

70. FINANCE AND INSURANCE ................................................................. 905 1,138 1,027 1,232 1,046 1,056 990

71. REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL................................................................. 97 114 109 148 162 134 121

72. HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES, EXCEPT AUTO . . 516 538 558 688 631 668 641

73. BUSINESS SERVICES .......................................................................... 2,492 3,066 2,401 2,945 2,258 2,474 2,473

74. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT............................................................ 148 151 153 159 150 145 153

75. AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES............................................... 114 151 145 156 129 171 143

76. AMUSEMENTS............................................................................................ 116 134 119 147 117 128 128

77. MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS . . 291 310 312 341 298 317 312

78. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES............................................... 389 518 404 514 391 429 441

79. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES............................ 223 277 280 289 250 269 275

80. GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES ................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

81. BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT AND GIFTS ....................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

82. OFFICE SUPPLIES .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL ...................................................................................................... 54,924 67,651 62,409 80,166 74,351 69,006 65,861

See footnotes on p. 131.

123

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-14. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT (PRIMARY AND INDIRECT)1 PER BILLION DOLLARS OF DELIVERY TO FINAL DEMAND, 1980* — Continued

(Producers values - 1958 dollars)3

Industry number and title 4

Machine

shop

products

Office,

computing

and

accounting

machines

Service

industry

machines

Electric

industrial

equipment

and

apparatus

Household

appliances

Electric

lighting

and wiring

equipment

Radio,

television

and communication

equipment

50 51 52 53 54 55 56

1. LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS................................. 73 124 98 113 102 92 131

2. OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS .......................................... 106 160 146 157 169 134 187

3. FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS ...................................... 16 28 49 34 44 38 47

4. AGRICULTURAL*FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES. . . 27 40 40 36 42 38 45

5. IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING ................................. 64 19 47 54 53 49 19

6. NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING.......................................... 129 57 134 220 114 184 76

7. COAL MINING ............................................................................... 70 36 72 69 78 62 50

8. CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ................................. 128 64 99 91 92 86 76

9. STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING ........................ 65 25 43 39 48 50 33

10. CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING................... 7 9 14 13 16 18 15

11. NEW CONSTRUCTION...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION ........................ 504 300 410 375 388 324 375

13. ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES................................................... 10 117 39 87 42 15 654

14. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS ............................................... 95 177 129 160 133 125 182

15. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES............................................................ 2 4 3 4 3 3 4

16. BROAD AND NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . 49 64 93 81 206 73 107

17. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . 14 28 44 33 84 37 39

18. APPAREL................................................................. .... 113 102 98 100 106 99 116

19. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS . . . 14 16 26 19 26 18 22

20. LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS. . . 80 141 339 185 273 201 283

21. WOODEN CONTAINERS ................................................................. 5 12 113 6 125 9 6

22. HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ............................................................ 7 58 65 27 28 13 578

23. OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES.......................................... 4 12 30 6 21 4 9

24. PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . 136 439 397 442 428 459 511

25. PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES ................................. 54 162 343 208 389 606 3i9

26. PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ................................................... 396 782 518 649 1,069 543 825

27. CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS. . . . 148 228 342 327 403 451 380

28. PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS................................. 71 156 203 245 321 466 292

29. DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS................... 32 27 43 32 41 39 37

30. PAINTS AND ALLIEO PRODUCTS............................................... 20 36 116 73 109 101 37

31. PETROLEUM REFINING ANO RELATED INDUSTRIES . . . 72 32 48 46 45 43 39

32. RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS. . . 196 576 870 499 1,880 773 744

33. LEATHER TANNING ANO INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . . 13 5 7 5 14 6 7

34. FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ........................ 98 16 16 15 102 14 18

35. GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS................................................... 34 210 197 143 190 1,121 532

36. STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS ................................................... 762 217 379 331 441 386 282

37. PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING........................ 2,588 721 1,774 1,738 2,094 1,861 642

38. PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING . . . . 1,419 608 1,469 2,468 1,218 1,649 818

39. METAL CONTAINERS..................................................................... 8 13 21 17 24 21 17

40. HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . . 142 49 912 168 736 133 79

41. STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS. . . 412 557 1,608 819 2,479 1,309 1,009

42. OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS ................................. 898 423 1,023 499 1,217 746 609

43. ENGINES AND TURBINES............................................................ 145 26 103 396 49 29 28

44. FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.......................................... 36 13 32 28 26 23 15

45. CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . . 128 23 55 76 46 37 32

46. MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . 39 13 81 38 22 13 12

47. METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. ................... 930 553 377 670 540 389 386

48. SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . . 240 213 139 76 59 44 55

49. GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . 475 323 793 463 525 155 142

50. MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ........................................................ 67,008 421 366 460 370 369 356

51. OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES. . . . 63 18,260 86 117 160 65 150

52. SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES .............................................. 28 16 17,281 25 762 31 32

53. ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . . 334 988 3,439 30,238 1,692 1,213 1,012

54. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES............................................................ 14 14 189 29 16,480 22 28

55. ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT................... 92 288 409 771 389 35,969 486

56. RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . • • 60 590 264 467 266 135 25,547

57. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ................... 108 4,220 433 1,243 312 260 7,987

58. MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT . 88 42 56 125 51 800 51

59. MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT.......................................... 123 41 269 88 118 65 50

60. AIRCRAFT AND PARTS................................................................. 176 374 351 136 111 41 627

61. OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT...................................... 122 22 64 182 107 28 32

62. SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS................... 96 281 989 682 1,385 163 533

63. OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . • • 25 39 35 46 79 32 84

64. MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING .......................................... 67 128 136 99 163 227 163

65. TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING..................................... 1,282 1,251 1,611 1,554 1,774 1,546 1,567

66. COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING............................ 384 373 360 369 532 315 454

67. RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING ............................ 72 122 92 117 234 101 154

68. ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES. . . . 404 263 429 360 398 356 283

69. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE.............................................. 5,089 7,112 8,014 6,065 8,260 8,095 7,870

70. FINANCE AND INSURANCE ........................................................ 1,049 885 1*180 887 955 879 955

71. real ESTATE AND RENTAL........................................................ 148 134 160 126 139 132 155

72. HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES, EXCEPT AUTO • . 617 831 1,218 752 1,362 622 1,264

73. BUSINESS SERVICES ................................................................. 1,957 3,326 2,501 3,185 6,406 2,763 4,208

74. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT................................................... 140 131 167 221 235 223 91

75. AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES...................................... 152 111 169 137 161 135 129

76. AMUSEMENTS................................................................................... 104 170 130 158 235 135 195

77. MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS • • 295 297 328 321 340 308 361

78. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES...................................... 392 524 485 575 707 494 700

79. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES................... 263 191 291 249 280 251 214

80. GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES ........................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

81. BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT AND GIFTS . . . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

82. OFFICE SUPPLIES ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL ............................................................................................. 91,823 49,454 55,492 62,157 61,121 68,861 66,657

See footnotes on p. 131.

124

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-14. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT (PRIMARY AND INDIRECT)1 PER BILLION DOLLARS OF DELIVERY TO FINAL DEMAND. 19802 — Continued

(Producers values - 1958 dollars) 3

Industry number and title4

Electronic

components

and accessories

Miscellaneous

electrical

machinery

and equipment

Motor

vehicles

and

equipment

Aircraft

and

parts

Other

transportation

equipment

Scientific

and controlling

instruments

Optical,

opthalmic

and photographic

equipment

57 58 59 60 61 62 63

I . LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS.......................................... 121 99 76 62 97 167 92

2. OTHER AGRICULTURAL PR00UCTS ................................................... 173 146 138 103 173 261 142

3. FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS ............................................... 42 35 30 27 144 36 56

4. AGRICULTURAL(FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES................... 42 35 33 26 47 52 35

5, IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING .......................................... 21 46 69 24 80 23 15

6 . NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING................................................... 88 246 78 74 128 122 99

7. COAL MINING ........................................................................................ 50 56 96 45 104 42 88

8. CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS .......................................... 82 90 84 67 112 74 99

9. STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING ................................. 38 52 42 27 56 32 65

10. CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING............................ 22 24 14 8 17 13 42

11. NEW CONSTRUCTION.............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12. MAINTENANCE ANO REPAIR CONSTRUCTION ................................. 348 326 480 335 386 314 290

13. ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES............................................................ 329 23 26 246 17 680 57

14. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS ........................................................ 164 134 93 79 124 237 123

15. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES..................................................................... 4 3 2 2 2 4 2

16. BROAD AND NARROW FABRICS*YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . 75 125 318 75 123 373 85

17. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . 26 79 170 43 58 77 33

18. apparel ................................................................................................. 121 106 86 97 114 219 81

19. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS ................... 20 31 300 16 39 38 25

20. LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS, EXCEPT CONTAINERS................... 166 116 161 179 1,243 180 188

21. W000EN CONTAINERS .......................................................................... 8 6 7 5 12 13 7

22. household furniture ...................................................................... 261 18 20 39 286 71 10

23. OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES................................................... 6 3 13 64 137 120 4

24. PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS * EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . 564 334 335 222 294 444 1,019

25. PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES .......................................... 299 301 157 105 135 337 302

26. PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ............................................................ 619 617 664 792 671 598 711

27. CHEMICALS AND SELECTEO CHEMICAL PROOUCTS........................ 592 630 356 188 418 328 1,152

28. PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS..................................... .... 302 355 308 137 460 247 174

29. DRUGS*CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS............................ 36 39 46 27 48 61 46

30. PAINTS ANO ALLIED PRODUCTS........................................................ 35 30 109 34 163 35 23

31. PETROLEUM REFINING ANO RELATED INDUSTRIES ................... 41 45 39 33 56 38 54

32. RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS................... 465 1,834 1,778 665 869 781 503

33. LEATHER TANNING ANO INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . . 4 5 12 3 12 22 5

34. FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ................................. 15 18 16 13 16 77 42

35. GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS............................................................ 893 173 376 91 274 287 461

36. STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS . . . . .......................................... 289 475 282 259 461 271 737

37. PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING................................. 712 1,079 2,832 919 3,254 797 314

38. PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING ........................ 934 2,470 785 813 1,358 1,247 1,011

39. METAL CONTAINERS.............................................................................. 19 18 18 11 22 64 22

40. HEATING(PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . . 66 70 124 85 1,622 108 34

41. STAMPINGS.SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS................... 1,017 1,287 1,401 1,120 493 1,056 368

42. OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS .......................................... 620 467 1,676 578 907 788 451

43. ENGINES AND TURBINES..................................................................... 28 62 128 64 579 37 18

44. FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT................................................... 13 34 55 22 165 25 12

45. CONSTRUCTION*MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . . 42 74 51 31 208 45 29

46. MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . . . 11 20 30 37 233 16 11

47. METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT................................. 349 753 709 1,213 442 764 284

48. SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT........................ 58 58 59 51 65 106 106

49. GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT................... 115 673 370 497 756 329 62

50. MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS . . . ................................................... 279 1,041 1,040 1,104 713 1,039 168

51. OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES........................ 165 109 147 138 81 787 118

52. SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES ........................................................ 17 25 93 39 158 51 15

53. ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . . 1,247 990 297 369 1,301 1,391 512

54. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES..................................................................... 30 72 16 104 309 38 8

55. ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT............................ 414 1,521 311 142 233 270 208

56. RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . . . 1,260 252 266 1,250 125 603 200

57. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS ANO ACCESSORIES ............................ 22,939 820 322 907 318 2,547 152

58. MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . 53 24,469 652 138 88 73 119

59. MOTOR VEHICLES ANO EQUIPMENT................................................... 42 586 15,049 175 274 283 34

60. AIRCRAFT AND PARTS.......................................................................... 167 91 79 39,137 247 936 54

61. OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.............................................. 25 32 59 30 34,557 72 34

62. SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS............................ 280 92 60 732 174 35,504 325

63. OPTICAL(OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . . . 42 39 32 75 37 128 17,048

64. MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING ................................................... 128 109 119 141 163 259 124

65. TRANSPORTATION ANO WAREHOUSING............................................... 1,372 1,594 1,739 1,065 1,873 1,519 1,468

66. COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING..................................... 328 357 358 419 374 380 348

67. RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING ...................................... 116 122 132 169 130 104 149

68. ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES........................ 324 362 403 291 456 286 296

69. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE........................................................ 7,642 6,538 6,585 4,975 7,782 7,532 6,380

70. FINANCE ANO INSURANCE ................................................................. 883 918 912 690 1,024 961 963

71. REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL................................................................. 186 127 104 107 121 146 145

72. HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES,EXCEPT AUTO . . 832 659 471 362 677 837 543

73. BUSINESS SERVICES .......................................................................... 3,160 3,332 3,615 4,629 3,552 2,848 4,072

74. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT............................................................ 81 234 194 156 190 84 372

75. AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES............................................... 115 135 138 104 181 127 130

76. AMUSEMENTS............................................................................................ 160 151 143 162 156 158 16 2

77. MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS . . 311 317 338 275 342 332 281

78. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES............................................... 658 574 560 465 494 481 550

79. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES....................... . 232 254 276 197 311 213 214

80. GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES ................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

81. BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT AND GIFTS ........................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

82. OFFICE SUPPLIES .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL ..................................................................................................... 53,847 59,639 49,562 68,200 73,911 72,043 44,778

See footnotes on p. 131.

125

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-14. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT (PRIMARY AND INDIRECT)1 PER BILLION DOLLARS OF DELIVERY TO FINAL DEMAND, 19802 — Continued

(Producers values - 1958 dollars)3

Industry number and title4

Miscellaneous

manufacturing

Transportation and

warehousing

Communications ,

except

broadcasting

Radio and

television

broadcasting

Electric,

gas, water

and

sanitary

services

Wholesale

and

retail

trade

Finance

and

insurance

64 65 66 67 68 69 70

1. LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS..................................... 140 93 36 208 68 165 131

2. OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ............................................... 302 161 71 217 212 249 258

3. FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS .......................................... 156 18 8 32 17 18 16

4. AGRICULTURAL»FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES. . . . 60 31 12 75 32 218 41

5. IRON AN0 FERROALLOY ORES MINING ..................................... 27 5 1 5 4 3 2

6. nonferrous metal ores mining.............................................. 105 11 7 13 13 6 5

7. COAL MINING..................................... ............................................. 59 34 11 26 541 37 33

8. CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ..................................... 106 247 28 63 912 98 62

9. STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING ............................ 36 18 9 15 23 14 10

10. CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING........................ 27 5 2 18 5 3 4

I I . NEW CONSTRUCTION.......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION ............................ 476 1,202 1,211 1,038 2,443 689 716

13. ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES........................................................ 14 5 8 22 3 7 5

14. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS ................................................... 166 111 42 169 75 210 131

15. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES................................................................. 3 1 1 4 1 3 3

16. BROAD AND NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . 749 44 21 73 20 41 51

17. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . 198 27 11 42 9 20 32

18. APPAREL ............................................................................................. 143 23 7 21 12 46 17

19. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS . . . . 75 30 24 91 8 27 64

20. LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS, EXCEPT CONTAINERS. . . . 1,009 90 56 104 109 101 85

21. WOODEN CONTAINERS ............................................................ . . 15 13 1 3 3 21 3

22. HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ................................................................. 24 6 7 19 3 9 4

23. OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES............................................... 32 3 2 3 3 6 2

24. PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS, EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . 1,099 148 134 360 132 282 422

25. PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES ...................................... 1,062 46 22 104 30 133 77

26. PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ........................................................ 932 548 855 1,176 453 748 2,040

27. CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS................... 697 117 41 517 129 82 86

28. PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS. . . . . . . . . 847 64 24 80 39 49 45

29. DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS........................ 91 19 7 27 13 34 26

30. PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS................................................... 144 49 23 26 47 21 17

31. PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES . . . . 57 167 14 33 59 44 34

32. RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS. . . . 1,844 315 63 164 124 253 173

33. LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . . 142 3 1 6 1 2 2

34. FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ............................ 339 7 5 73 5 20 12

35. GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS........................................................ 240 51 19 43 25 67 25

36. STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS ........................................................ 197 74 45 62 140 88 43

37. PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING............................ 931 153 43 85 143 78 51

38. PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING ................... 1,122 111 78 92 83 56 44

39. METAL CONTAINERS. . ................................................................. 29 9 3 14 7 12 7

40. HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . . 64 65 48 46 99 66 33

41. STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS. . . . 566 77 26 62 43 55 30

42. OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS ..................................... 701 136 38 73 286 85 50

43. ENGINES AND TURBINES................................................................. 18 69 4 10 13 12 12

44. FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT............................................... 22 9 5 11 7 14 15

45. CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . . 21 13 4 9 38 15 8

46. MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . . 12 27 2 5 10 10 3

47. METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT............................ 150 74 15 33 38 33 23

48. SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT................... 76 12 6 31 13 22 14

49. GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . . 99 51 9 20 40 29 15

50. MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ............................................................ 357 106 16 37 34 63 28

51. OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES................... 211 50 38 90 70 93 133

52. SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES ................................................... 23 12 8 15 11 25 16

53. ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . • 270 80 28 59 63 41 30

54. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES................................................................. 55 9 5 8 9 14 7

55. ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT........................ 168 42 19 32 36 27 17

56. RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . . •

129 55 270 722 32 53 74

57. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ........................ 191 85 117 291 42 56 66

58. MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . 38 87 15 10 10 27 12

59. MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT.............................................. 203 140 9 19 25 72 24

60. AIRCRAFT AND PARTS...................................................................... 70 265 12 32 16 36 19

61. OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.......................................... 78 250 16 14 17 13 25

62. SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS........................ 79 39 12 30 15 26 17

63. OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . . •

37 23 25 73 23 85 63

64. MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING ............................................... 28,897 90 63 473 56 91 128

65. TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING.......................................... 1,733 41,315 299 881 1,291 711 1,052

66. COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING................................. 421 717 23,506 1,880 239 601 951

67. RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING ................................. 131 81 71 58,324 81 131 236

68. ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES................... 358 242 115 213 11,164 483 187

69. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE................................................... 7,992 4,359 1,508 4,134 3,068 80,402 3,951

70. FINANCE AND INSURANCE ............................................................ 1,231 1,772 449 1,726 837 1,385 65,083

71. REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL.............................................. .... 166 230 92 436 132 305 534

72. HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES, EXCEPT AUTO . . 681 206 148 587 196 641 456

73. BUSINESS SERVICES ..................................... . ........................ 3,578 2,202 1,936 4,464 2,197 3,562 6,424

74. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT........................................................ 221 52 33 70 50 48 58

75. AUTOMOBILE REPAIR ANO SERVICES.......................................... 185 1,101 71 115 123 463 205

76. AMUSEMENTS........................................................................................ 159 219 98 38,938 85 255 264

77. MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS . •

324 238 148 334 222 230 1,038

78. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES.......................................... 566 405 489 458 2,165 1,131 1,650

79. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES........................ 262 1,053 90 172 5,542 422 284

80. GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

81. BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT AND GIFTS ................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

82. OFFICE SUPPLIES .......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL ................................................................................................. 64,233 60,116 32,817 120,057 34,380 95,795 88,005

See footnotes on p. 131.

126

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-14. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT (PRIMARY AND INDIRECT)1 PER BILLION DOLLARS OF DELIVERY TO FINAL DEMAND, 19802 — Continued

(P rod u cers values - 1958 dollars) 3

Industry num ber and title 4

Real estate 

and 

rental

H otels, 

person a l 

and repair 

se r v ice s , 

except 

auto

Business

se rv ice s

R esearch

and

dev elopm ent 6

Autom obile 

repair and 

se rvice s

A m u sements

M edical,

educational

and

nonprofit

orga n iza ­

tions

71 72 73 74 75 76 77

I . LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS...................................... . 452 121 134 16 81 289 208

2. OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ................................................... 739 200 293 22 136 226 231

3. FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS ........................ . . . . . 17 32 27 3 21 16 24

4. AGRICULTURAL,FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES................... 110 41 77 5 41 132 44

5. IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING .......................................... 3 6 5 1 17 2 3

6. nonferrous metal ores mining................................................... 8 18 13 3 28 7 9

7. COAL MINING ........................................................................................ 21 35 64 3 90 17 34

8. CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS .......................................... 83 131 85 6 105 42 85

9. STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING ................................. 25 24 16 2 36 13 17

10. CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING............................... 4 13 8 1 9 3 7

I I . NEW CONSTRUCTION.............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION ................................. 2,778 488 539 34 1,060 1,449 1,560

13. ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES............................................................ 4 23 16 9 10 4 10

14. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS ........................................................ 84 138 155 22 85 129 277

15. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES..................................................................... 1 2 2 1 1 3 3

16. BROAD AND NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . 28 630 65 17 148 54 78

17. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . 9 83 33 12 110 27 34

18. APPAREL ................................................................................................. 34 514 39 6 49 15 121

19. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS . . . . . 12 399 48 19 142 55 6b

20. LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS................... 110 144 165 16 108 88 108

21. WOODEN CONTAINERS .......................................................................... 4 6 8 1 7 3 3

22. HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ..................................................................... 4 54 11 8 10 3 5

23. OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES................................................... 3 14 5 1 5 3 4

24. PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . 90 498 942 69 216 187 335

25. PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES .......................................... 28 159 130 24 114 57 116

26. PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ............................................................ 371 590 7,033 143 612 857 1,277

27. CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS........................ 95 340 188 32 229 75 191

28. PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS.......................................... 36 179 79 23 217 50 65

29. DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS............................ 18 255 36 19 44 16 768

30. PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS........................................................ 54 23 19 2 167 31 34

31. PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES ................... 36 74 42 3 43 19 35

32. RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS................... 87 409 290 111 1,327 121 226

33. LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . . 1 8 3 1 4 12 2

34. FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ................................. 8 57 18 2 13 163 18

35. GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS............................................................ 28 114 53 29 568 27 74

36. STONE ANO CLAY PRODUCTS ............................................................ 100 220 78 12 308 60 75

37. PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING................................. 81 157 136 29 645 67 84

38. PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING ........................ 58 159 128 32 271 66 72

39. METAL CONTAINERS.............................................................................. 8 17 10 2 17 7 30

40. HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . . 111 42 42 5 75 58 65

41. STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS................... 29 134 94 33 312 34 85

42. OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS .......................................... 45 207 118 24 800 50 80

43. ENGINES AND TURBINES..................................................................... 7 11 77 3 32 8 8

44. FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT................................................... 11 20 99 2 17 9 8

45. CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . . 11 11 30 2 23 6 8

46. MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT................... 7 6 7 1 11 3 4

47. METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT................................. 39 58 91 13 187 19 29

48. SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT........................ 14 33 41 4 31 10 19

49. GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT................... 21 37 52 6 102 13 19

50. MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ................................................................. 32 71 81 12 1,123 24 36

51. OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES........................ 37 73 920 20 76 73 70

52. SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES ........................................................ 15 82 118 9 26 13 12

53. ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . . 33 146 115 40 133 31 44

54. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES..................................................................... 15 195 12 2 11 8 10

55. ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT............................ 29 71 42 13 261 22 26

56. RADIO,TELEVISION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . . . 25 112 203 39 75 32 66

57. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ............................ 34 1,001 311 633 126 66 83

58. MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . 8 26 23 2 519 7 22

59. MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT................................................... 19 52 45 3 2,498 14 21

60. AIRCRAFT AND PARTS.......................................................................... 18 32 52 7 37 13 22

61. OTHER TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT............................................... 10 36 32 32 56 16 35

62. SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS............................ 20 316 43 10 131 15 310

63. OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . . . 17 176 233 6 30 123 117

64. MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING ................................................... 42 723 373 42 78 661 116

65. TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING............................................... 542 989 1,028 128 1,151 726 854

66. COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING..................................... 225 396 1,957 57 456 400 43C

67. RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING ..................................... 78 108 1,855 34 108 135 103

68. ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES. . . . . . 120 381 355 22 600 189 475

69. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE........................................................ 2,928 6,135 17,424 752 9,926 3,472 3,677

70. FINANCE AND INSURANCE ................................................................. 2,333 1,563 1,375 128 2,275 2,282 1,204

71. REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL................................................................. 5,223 311 294 24 288 381 396

72. HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES,EXCEPT AUTO . . 625 121,941 962 87 333 424 1,035

73. BUSINESS SERVICES .......................................................................... 1,770 2,943 50,789 920 2,929 3,677 2,781

74. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT............................................................ 40 73 90 94,786 98 25 227

75. AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES............................................... 107 453 290 13 32,566 68 132

76. AMUSEMENTS............................................................................................ 247 134 1,435 136 129 102,712 541

77. MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS . . 174 274 190 19 314 287 120,901

78. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES............................................... 545 412 2,311 65 509 369 389

79. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES............................ 351 308 266 18 473 154 308

80. GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES ................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

81. BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT AND GIFTS ........................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

82. OFFICE SUPPLIES .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL ..................................................................................................... 21,586 146,461 94,867 98,890 66,016 121,024 141,090

See footnotes on p. 131.

127

Digitized for FRASER 

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ 

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE D-14. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT (PRIMARY AND INDIRECT)1 PER BILLION DOLLARS OF DELIVERY TO FINAL DEMAND, 1980* — Continued

(P rod u cers values - 1958 d o lla r s )3

Industry num ber and title 4

F ederal

governm ent

en terp rises

State and 

lo ca l

governm ent

en terp rise s

G ross 

im ports o f 

goods and 

se rv ice s

Business 

travel, 

entertainment and 

gifts

O ffice

supplies

78 7$ "50 ffl ------- 52------------------------------------------------------

1. LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS................................. 1,211 58 0 3,268 149

2. OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS .......................................... 6,453 109 0 2,892 250

3. FORESTRY AND FISHERY PRODUCTS ..................................... 42 46 0 231 140

4 . AGRICULTURAL,FORESTRY AND FISHERY SERVICES. . . 619 38 0 491 52

5 . IRON AND FERROALLOY ORES MINING ................................. 9 8 0 6 13

6 . NONFERROUS METAL ORES MINING.......................................... 10 21 0 16 48

7. COAL MINING ............................................................................... 350 522 0 40 78

8. CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ................................. 135 276 0 160 130

9 . STONE AND CLAY MINING AND QUARRYING ........................ 35 65 0 26 66

10. CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING................... 14 15 0 13 37

11. NEW CONSTRUCTION..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0

12. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CONSTRUCTION ........................ 640 9,960 0 777 544

13. ORONANCE AND ACCESSORIES................................................... 3 3 0 35 25

14. FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS .............................................. 1,288 66 0 5,322 195

15. TOBACCO MANUFACTURES............................................................ 2 1 0 149 3

16. BROAD AND NARROW FABRICS,YARN AND THREAD MILLS. . . 46 30 0 158 241

17. MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE GOODS AND FLOOR COVERINGS . . 23 19 0 42 68

18. APPAREL ........................................................................................ 18 35 0 166 70

19. MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED TEXTILE PRODUCTS . . . 47 13 0 102 57

20. LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS. . . 98 309 0 131 1,037

21. WOODEN CONTAINERS ................................................................. 21 4 0 27 13

22. HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE ............................................................ 3 4 0 16 11

23. OTHER FURNITURE AND FIXTURES.......................................... 2 9 0 5 15

24. PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS,EXCEPT CONTAINERS . . . . 400 214 0 344 7,206

25. PAPERBOARD CONTAINERS AND BOXES ................................. 127 50 0 252 557

26. PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ................................................... 1,120 733 0 653 23,546

27. CHEMICALS AND SELECTED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS. . . . 317 418 0 294 860

28. PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS................................. 67 94 0 125 359

29. DRUGS,CLEANING AND TOILET PREPARATIONS................... 25 30 0 161 61

30. PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.............................................. 22 181 0 33 43

31. PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES . . . 71 83 0 100 63

32. RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS. . . 298 166 0 468 1,056

33. LEATHER TANNING AND INDUSTRIAL LEATHER PRODUCTS . . 2 1 0 17 21

34. FOOTWEAR AND OTHER LEATHER PRODUCTS ........................ 21 6 0 267 65

35. GLASS AND GLASS PRODUCTS................................................... 53 65 0 171 172

36. STONE AND CLAY PRODUCTS ................................................... 157 306 0 107 275

37. PRIMARY IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURING. . . . . . 104 249 0 197 352

38. PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS MANUFACTURING . . . . 70 176 0 146 442

39. METAL CONTAINERS............................................................ 47 18 0 173 23

40. HEATING,PLUMBING AND STRUCTURAL METAL PRODUCTS. . . 34 373 0 50 50

41. STAMPINGS,SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS AND BOLTS. . . 55 70 0 130 243

42. OTHER FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS ................................. 118 264 0 172 474

43. ENGINES AND TURBINES............................................................ 18 11 0 32 14

44. FARM MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.......................................... 38 8 0 25 13

45. CONSTRUCTION,MINING AND OIL FIELD MACHINERY . . . . 24 42 0 13 21

46. MATERIALS HANDLING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . 11 17 0 14 11

47. METALWORKING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT........................ 37 43 0 65 133

48. SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . . 22 26 0 25 127

49. GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. . . 28 44 0 41 68

50. MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS ........................................................ 71 69 0 90 141

51. OFFICE,COMPUTING AND ACCOUNTING MACHINES. . . . 61 57 0 63 323

52. SERVICE INDUSTRY MACHINES ............................................... 10 28 0 24 23

53. ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS . . . . 38 83 0 82 204

54. HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES............................................................ 6 29 0 63 195

55. ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND WIRING EQUIPMENT................... 25 91 0 47 102

56. RAD10,TELEVI SI ON AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT. . • • 29 37 0 234 95

57. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES ................... 46 43 0 252 144

58. MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT 32 20 0 47 37

59. MOTOR VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT.......................................... 90 61 0 82 54

60. AIRCRAFT AND PARTS................................................................. 53 18 0 128 75

61. other transportation EQUIPMENT...................................... 49 18 0 107 32

62. SCIENTIFIC AND CONTROLLING INSTRUMENTS................... 17 29 0 120 112

63. OPTICAL,OPTHALMIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT. . • • 43 44 0 81 3,175

64. MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING .......................................... 77 92 0 368 3,782

65. TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING...................................... 7,095 1,270 0 16,018 1,932

66. COMMUNICATIONS,EXCEPT BROADCASTING............................ 373 334 0 502 513

67. RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING ............................ 108 95 0 101 137

68. ELECTRIC,GAS,WATER AND SANITARY SERVICES. . . . 495 1,491 0 293 567

69. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE............................................... 4,646 4,089 0 9,650 6,244

70. FINANCE AND INSURANCE ........................................................ 836 1,049 0 1,430 1,193

71. REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL........................................................ 185 148 0 219 212

72. HOTELS,PERSONAL AND REPAIR SERVICES, EXCEPT AUTO , . 293 394 0 17,385 684

73. BUSINESS SERVICES ................................................................. 2,932 2,582 0 2,746 3,746

74. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT................................................... 109 44 0 81 241

75. AUTOMOBILE REPAIR AND SERVICES...................................... 454 136 0 627 179

76. AMUSEMENTS................................................................................... 138 99 0 2,093 169

77. MEDICAL,EDUCATIONAL AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS • • 163 126 0 1,127 328

78. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES...................................... 84,016 551 0 434 817

79. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES................... 434 38,620 0 549 378

80. GROSS IMPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES ........................ 0 0 0 0 0

81. BUSINESS TRAVEL,ENTERTAINMENT AND GIFTS .... 0 0 0 0 0

82. OFFICE SUPPLIES ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL ............................................................................................ 117,280 67,045 0 73,185 65,350

See footnotes on p. 131.

1 2 8

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Footnotes to T ables D -l Through D-14

Table D -l

1 Total final demand is the sum of demands from consum ers, b u sin ess, government, and foreign so u rces. The data are the sum s of tables 

D-3, 4, 6, 7, and 8.

2 Industry number and title are consistent with the 1958 input-output 

study of the U. S. Departm ent of Com m erce, Office of B u sin ess Econom ics, 

as published in the Survey of Current B u sin e ss, Septem ber 1965.

3 The data on 1958 purch ases by the F ed eral Government, included 

in total final demand, have been changed to conform with the treatm ent of 

research and development in subsequent y ears and projected 1980. See 

appendix A for p articu lars.

4 The percent in the title of each m odel— 3 or 4— re fe rs to the rate 

of unemployment assum ed in that m odel. The b asic m odels reflect a continuation of past trends in the com position of GNP, m odified to take account 

of specific anticipated developm ents. The high durable m odels reflect a 

com position of GNP m ore heavily weighted toward the durable goods com ­

ponents. See chap. 1 for a discu ssion of the assum ptions.

Table D-2

1 See footnote 1, table D -l.

2 See footnote 2, table D -l.

3 See footnote 4, table D -l.

4 Sums of individual item s may not equal totals because of rounding.

* L e ss than 0.005 percent.

Table D-3

1 See footnote 2, table D -l.

2 T ravel receipts from foreign v isito rs to the United States were d istributed among the individual producing industries for all y e a rs. T herefore, 

the 1958 data differ from that presented in the Department of C om m erced 

1958 input-output table where it is shown as a single item in industry 85. Offsetting adjustm ents also have been made in net exports, as shown in table D-6.

3 See footnote 4, table D -l.

Table D-4

1 G ro ss private dom estic investm ent includes residen tial stru ctu res, 

nonresidential stru ctu res, producers* durable equipment and change in 

bu sin ess inventories.

2 See footnote 2, table D -l.

3 See footnote 4, table D -l.

Table D-5

1 P rod u cers' durable equipment is a p a rto fg r o ss private dom estic investm ent and, therefore, the data in this table also are included in table D-4.

2 See footnote 2, table D -l.

3 See footnote 4, table D -l.

129

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Footnotes—Continued

Table D-6

1 The detailed entries reflect g ro ss exports and goods and serv ices 

from each producing industry. Im ports in total are shown as negative 

entries in these columns on row 80. T herefore, the sum of each column 

equals the GNP component, nnet exports of goods and se rv ic e s1' for the

appropriate year or model.

2 See footnote 2, table D -l.

3 See footnote 2, table D-3.

4 See footnote 4, table D -l.

Table D-7

l

See footnote 2, table D -l.

2 See footnote 3, table D -l.

3 See footnote 4, table D -l.

Table D- 8

1

See footnote 2, table D -l.

2 See footnote 4, table D -l.

Table D-9

1 A verage annual rates of change computed from compound in terest 

tables and based on term inal y ea rs.

2 See footnote 2, table D -l.

3 See footnote 4, table D -l.

Table D- 10

1 Includes wage and salary em ployees, self-em ployed and unpaid 

fam ily w orkers.

2 Employment in government en terp rises (industries 78 and 79) is 

included in general government (industry 84).

3 F o r derivation of civilian employment control totals see chap. 2, 

table 11.

4

See footnote 4, table D -l.

D-11

l

See footnote 1, table D-10.

2 See footnote 1, table D-9.

3

See footnote 4, table D -l.

4 See footnote 2, table D-10.

Table D-12

1 A gricultural employment includes self-em ployed and unpaid fam ily 

w orkers, as well as wage and salary em ployees.

2 See footnote 2, table D-10.

3 See footnote 4, table D -l.

130

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Footnote s— Continued

Table D-13

1 The figures in each column show d irect purchases per dollar of 

g ro ss output by the industry named at the top.

2 Valuation of transactions is at the site of production and excludes 

cost of transporting and handling n ecessary to bring the item to the final 

u ser.

3 See footnote 2, table D -l.

4 The total shown for each industry is the sum of all direct purchases 

of m aterials and serv ice s inputs. It does not equal 1. 0 because value added 

and the scrap and byproduct adjustm ent are not included.

5 The treatm ent of this industry has been changed from the 1958 

input-output study. See appendix A for p articu lars.

Table D- 14

1 P rim ary employment is employment required in the industry p ro ­

ducing the product or serv ice. This includes not only the employment 

initially required by this industry but any indirect employment effect from 

its supporting in d u stries1 requirem ents. Indirect employment covers em ­

ployment in each of the supporting in dustries. Employment covers wage 

and salary em ployees, self-em ployed and unpaid fam ily w orkers.

Employment is not generated by the following industries because they 

do not purchase goods and serv ic e s from other in dustries: G ross im ports 

of goods and serv ic e s (80); scrap , used and secondhand goods (83); rest 

of the world (85); and inventory valuation adjustm ent (87). There is no 

employment in busin ess travel, entertainment and gifts (81); and office 

supplies (82) which are dummy secto rs within the input-output fram ew ork 

and serve as a central distributing m echanism for item s produced by various 

industries but with a sim ilar distribution pattern.

2 The figures in each column show total employment directly attrib ­

utable to $ 1 billion of delivery to final demand by the industry named at 

the top. Employment shown does not include any m ultiplier effects from 

respending of income generated.

3 Valuation of final demand is at the site of production and excludes 

cost of transporting and handling n ecessary to bring the item to the final 

u ser.

4 See footnote 4, table D-l.

5 See footnote 5, table D-13.

SOURCES: Final demand data for 1958 are from the U. S. Department 

of Com m erce, Office of B u sin ess Econom ics, Survey of Current B u sin e ss, 

Septem ber 1965. All other h isto rical data and the 1980 projections were 

prepared by the U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

131

☆ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1970 0— 382-910

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20212

O F F IC IA L BUSINESS

I

T H I R D C L A S S M A I L

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