J-S56015-18

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

ARLA JOHNSON, POWER OF 

ATTORNEY FOR JANE S. JOHNSON, 

SOLE SURVIVING TRUSTEE FOR THE 

JOHNSON FAMILY TRUST

Appellee

v.

MIDNIGHT REALTY, LLC

Appellant

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

No. 527 MDA 2018

Appeal from the Order Entered February 16, 2018

In the Court of Common Pleas of Lackawanna County

Civil Division at No(s): 2013-CV-6526

BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., KUNSELMAN, J., and MUSMANNO, J.

MEMORANDUM BY GANTMAN, P.J.: FILED NOVEMBER 14, 2018

Appellant, Midnight Realty, LLC (“Midnight Realty”), appeals from the

order entered in the Lackawanna County Court of Common Pleas, granting a 

petition to terminate an installment sales agreement and for ejectment of 

Midnight Realty, who was then in possession of the premises. We affirm. 

The trial court set forth the relevant facts and procedural history as 

follows:

This case involves an installment sales agreement per

settlement agreement (hereinafter “Installment Sales 

Agreement”) regarding a parcel of real estate located in 

Spring Brook Township, Lackawanna County Pennsylvania 

(hereinafter “Spring Brook Property”). The Johnson Family 

Trust is the legal owner of the property as per the Deed 

dated July 21, 2001. The Matter is before this Court on Arla 

Johnson’s, who is the Power of Attorney for John S. Johnson, 

sole surviving trustee of the Johnson Family Trust 

(hereinafter “Arla Johnson”), Petition to Immediately 
J-S56015-18

- 2 -

Terminate Installment Sales Agreement per Settlement 

Agreement as Approved by Court Order of May 30, 2014,

and Immediate Surrender and Ejectment from subject 

Premises, which was filed on January 16, 2018. (Petition, 

01/16/18).

By way of background, under her authority as Power of 

Attorney, Arla Johnson entered into an Installment Sales 

Agreement with Midnight Realty for the sale of the Spring 

Brook Property. Paul Hrywnak is the sole member and 

manager of Midnight Realty.... A confession of judgment for 

the possession of the premises is located in the Installment 

Sales Agreement. On November 27, 2013, Arla Johnson 

filed a Complaint in Confession of Judgment. The parties 

entered into a Settlement Agreement, which provided that 

Midnight Realty then owed Arla Johnson twenty six thousand 

two hundred fifty dollars ($26,250.00). Pursuant to the 

Order of May 30, 2014, Midnight Realty paid $26,000.00 of 

the same and was to pay the additional two hundred and 

fifty dollars ($250.00) by June 4, 2014. Midnight Realty was 

to continue to make payments per the Installment Sales 

Agreement. The Settlement Agreement obligated Midnight 

Realty to enter into agreement to pay the back taxes. Arla 

Johnson filed a Petition to Immediately Terminate 

Installment Sales Agreement per Settlement Agreement as 

Approved by Court Order of May 30, 2014, and Immediate 

Surrender and Ejectment from Subject Premises, which was 

filed on January 16, 2018. (Petition, 01/16/18). This 

[c]ourt heard the matter on February 15, 2018 granting Arla 

Johnson’s Petition.[1] Thereafter, this [c]ourt issued an 

Order dated February [16], 2018. (Order 02/16/18).

Midnight Realty filed a [counseled] Notice of Appeal on 

[Monday,] March 19, 2018. This [c]ourt issued an Order 

requesting Midnight Realty to file a Statement of Errors.

(Order 05/04/18). Said Statement of Errors was filed on 

May 22, 2018. (Statement 05/22/18). 

(Trial Court Opinion, dated June 14, 2018, at 1-2). 

____________________________________________

1 At the hearing, Paul Hrywnak appeared to represent the interests of Midnight 

Realty, as the sole member and manager of the corporation. Mr. Hrywnak is 

not a licensed attorney. 
J-S56015-18

- 3 -

Midnight Realty raises one issue for our review:

DID THE ISSUANCE OF A RULE TO SHOW CAUSE WHICH 

DID NOT CONFORM TO PA.R.C.P. 206.6 AND LR 206.4(C) 

DENY [MIDNIGHT REALTY] DUE PROCESS OF LAW BECAUSE

IT FAILED TO INFORM [MIDNIGHT REALTY] OF ITS 

OBLIGATION TO ANSWER THE PETITION PRIOR TO THE 

HEARING, AND/OR BECAUSE IT FAILED TO PROPERLY 

INFORM [MIDNIGHT REALTY] THAT ITS RIGHT TO PROCEED 

BY USE OF DEPOSITIONS HAD BEEN ABROGATED?

(Midnight Realty’s Brief at 5). 

Midnight Realty asserts the Rule to Show Cause was flawed because it 

did not conform to Pa.R.C.P. 206.6. Specifically, Midnight Realty contends the 

Rule failed to inform Midnight Realty that it had to answer the petition within 

twenty days and that the use of depositions and argument had been abrogated 

in favor of an evidentiary hearing. Midnight Realty concedes the outcome of 

the proceedings might be the same had the Rule conformed to Rule 206.6. 

Midnight Realty also argues Rule 206.6 makes no provision for the filing of 

preliminary objections to a flawed rule to show cause. Midnight Realty insists 

the use of the deficient Rule to Show Cause denied Midnight Realty procedural 

and substantive due process of law and calls the validity of the order at issue 

into question. We disagree. 

Our well-settled standard of review is:

[T]he findings of a trial court sitting without a jury have the 

same force and effect on appeal as a jury’s verdict. We will 

reverse the trial court only if its findings are predicated upon 

an error of law or are unsupported by competent evidence 

in the record. On review, it is not within our province to find 

facts or to substitute our judgment for that of the trial court. 

Moreover, the trial court is free to believe all, part, or none 
J-S56015-18

- 4 -

of the evidence that is presented, to make all credibility 

determinations, and to resolve any conflicts in the evidence.

Scobell Inc. v. Schade, 688 A.2d 715, 718 (Pa.Super. 1997) (quoting 

Hodges v. Rodriquez, 645 A.2d 1340, 1343 (Pa.Super. 1994)). 

Rule 206.6 provides for the issuance of a rule to show cause as of course 

upon the filing of a petition. Pa.R.C.P. 206.6. “A Rule to Show Cause is one 

that is made ex parte, directing an adverse party to show cause why an action 

should not be taken; the Rule is not, except by statute, a proper substitute 

for original process, but is auxiliary.” Petition of Tax Claim Bureau of 

Westmoreland Cty., 613 A.2d 634, 638 (Pa.Cmwlth. 1992) (quoting

Rusbarsky by Rusbarsky v. Rock, 471 A.2d 107 (Pa.Super. 1984)). A court 

or a judge must order the Rule to Show Cause. Petition of Tax Claim 

Bureau of Westmoreland Cty., supra. The party who has received the rule 

has the burden of proof at the hearing on the rule to show why the court 

should not grant the requested relief. Id. In modern practice, the Rules of 

Civil Procedure govern pleadings in civil actions and define what is a civil 

action. Id. The Rules of Civil Procedure do not require a Rule to Show Cause 

to conform to the Rules of Civil Procedure; “thus, failure to answer a Rule to 

Show Cause or to enter an appearance upon it is of no moment.” Id. at 638. 

“The only requirement to a Rule to Show Cause is to appear on the return day.

If the hearing is held and a party fails to appear, it is bound by the decision 

rendered....” Id. In other words, the purpose of the rule to show cause is to 

give the parties notice of a hearing and an opportunity to be heard. Id. 
J-S56015-18

- 5 -

“Corporations may appear and be represented in Pennsylvania courts 

only by an attorney at law ‘duly admitted to practice.’” David R. Nicholson, 

Builder, LLC v. Jablonski, 163 A.3d 1048, 1052 (Pa.Super. 2017), appeal 

denied, ___ Pa. ___, 173 A.3d 266 (2017) (emphasis added). 

The reasoning behind the general rule governing counseled 

representation of corporations is...a corporation can do no 

act except through its agents and...such agents representing 

the corporation in [c]ourt must be attorneys at law who 

have been admitted to practice, are officers of the court and 

subject to its control. This rule holds even if the corporation 

has only one shareholder. The purpose of the rule requiring 

corporations to appear in court through counsel is not the 

protection of stockholders but the protection of the courts 

and the administration of justice, and that a person who 

accepts the advantages of incorporation for his...business 

must also bear the burdens, including the need to hire 

counsel to sue or defend in court. 

Id. The rule requiring counseled representation for corporations in 

Pennsylvania also applies to limited liability corporations. Id. at 1052-54. 

Finally, “Issues not raised in the [trial] court are waived and cannot be 

raised for the first time on appeal.” Pa.R.A.P. 302(a). Instead, an appellant

must raise the claim at the appropriate point in the proceedings so that the 

court can address it and correct any error immediately. See generally TongSummerford v. Abington Memorial Hosp., 190 A.3d 631, 645 (2018). This 

requirement bars an appellant from raising “a new and different theory of 

relief” for the first time on appeal. Commonwealth v. Wanner, 158 A.3d 

714, 717 (Pa.Super. 2017) (quoting Commonwealth v. York, 465 A.2d 

1028, 1032 (Pa.Super. 1983)). Likewise, an appellant cannot raise new issues 

in a motion for reconsideration of a court order; issues raised in that manner 
J-S56015-18

- 6 -

are generally waived. See generally Kelly v. Siuma, 34 A.3d 86 (Pa.Super. 

2011). 

Instantly, the defendant in this case is Midnight Realty, LLC. As Midnight 

Realty is a corporation, a licensed attorney at law is the only suitable 

representative for Midnight Realty in the courts of Pennsylvania. See 

Jablonski, supra. Here, Paul Hrywnak is not a licensed attorney, yet he 

attempted to represent Midnight Realty at the rule-to-show-cause hearing, 

acting as the sole member and manager of Midnight Realty. Mr. Hrywnak 

chose to reduce his personal liability and accept the benefits of incorporating 

his business as an LLC. By accepting these benefits, Mr. Hrywnak also 

accepted the duty to retain licensed legal counsel in order to appear in court. 

As Mr. Hrywnak is not a licensed attorney, he could not represent Midnight 

Realty in court. See id. Moreover, the bulk of Mr. Hrywnak’s assertions at 

the hearing dealt with his personal investment in the property by way of 

money and sweat effort. Mr. Hrywnak could offer the court no defenses on 

behalf of Midnight Realty, because the court had no jurisdiction to address the 

matters Mr. Hrywnak raised on behalf of Midnight Realty during those 

proceedings. 

With respect to Midnight Realty’s Rule 206.6 claim on appeal, concerning 

the purported flawed rule to show cause, the purpose of the rule to show cause 

was to give Midnight Realty notice of the hearing and an opportunity to be 

heard. Midnight Realty did not have to file preliminary objections to the rule 

to show cause. See Petition of Tax Claim Bureau of Westmoreland Cty., 
J-S56015-18

- 7 -

supra. Nevertheless, Midnight Realty did have to hire counsel and preserve 

the objection at the hearing. See Jablonski, supra. Midnight Realty had

notice of the hearing where Mr. Hrywnak appeared in court on the scheduled 

date. At the hearing, the court established Midnight Realty was a corporation 

and gave Mr. Hrywnak the chance to explain why Midnight Realty was not 

represented by counsel and patiently allowed Mr. Hrywnak to tell his story. 

Midnight Realty first raised a challenge to the rule to show cause in a 

counselled motion for reconsideration of the court’s order directing Midnight 

Realty to vacate and surrender the property at issue. By failing to hire counsel 

and raise this issue before the court at the rule to show cause hearing, 

Midnight Realty waived any objection to the form of the rule to show cause. 

See Pa.R.A.P. 302(a); Kelly, supra. In this regard, the court reasoned:

Mr. Hrywnak was under the obligation to retain an attorney 

for the hearing at hand. The hearing was scheduled in 

January 2018, and Mr. Hrywnak was afforded adequate time 

to retain counsel before said hearing. Furthermore, since 

Mr. Hrywnak was not capable of representing the company 

and no attorney appeared to do so, that is a failure to appear 

on behalf of the company, and the [c]ourt may proceed 

without the party. Since Mr. Hrywnak, the sole owner of the 

company, appeared at the hearing despite some unforeseen 

circumstances, this is proof that proper notice was given. 

Therefore, any objections made at the hearing by Mr. 

Hrywnak were not proper. 

...Mr. Hrywnak failed to retain an attorney to raise this issue 

prior to the hearing or at the time of the hearing. Therefore, 

this issue is waived.

(Trial Court Opinion at 5). Midnight Realty’s failure to appear at the hearing 

on the rule return date with counsel was tantamount to a non-appearance 
J-S56015-18

- 8 -

and allowed the court to enter a binding decision against Midnight Realty. See 

Petition of Tax Claim Bureau of Westmoreland Cty., supra. The record 

supports the court’s decision, and we have no reason to disturb it. 

Accordingly, we affirm. 

Order affirmed. 

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 11/14/2018