## Ta.ble

# of Content

Objectives 

## 1. Checks 

### prior to start-up


### Kiln Preheat Preparation 2.1. Burner Pipe

### Alignment 2.2. 

## Kil¡ Refractory Preparation 2.3. Burner Pipe 

### Lining


### Kiln Preheat Schedule 3.1. Parameters 

### Monitoring (per

### t¡pe of 

### kiln) 3.2. 

### Tire Creep 3.3. 

### Turning Schedule 3.4. 

### Kiln Start-up Process Data Sheet 3.5. 

### Kiln Lining Preheat Schedule 

## 4. Feeding Raw 

### Materials 

## 5. Start-up 

### Post-Audit 2.

3.

# MPT Best 

# Pructíces:



# KILN START-UP PROCEDURES Objectíves:
Develop master procedures 

### for heating upthe 

### pyro-line in a standard, safe and 

### efficient manner 

### (minimum transition periods, no aborted start-ups) 

### while assuring the 

### integrity 

## of the equipment andthe 

### refractory and staying 

### in environmental 

### compliance. The procedures 

### will address the 

### quick compliance 

### with clinker quality objectives. Then, each plant 

### would customize these master procedures tothe 

### specific characteristics

## of their equipment and develop more detailed checklists and SOP's. 

# 7,0 ßecommended Checks 

# Príor to 

# Kíln Størt-Up (Feed On) 

# 1.7. Kíln Feed systems 

# a The 

### kiln feed system should be 

### run 

### in a 

### recirculation operation and calibrated isthe system 

### allows. 

### If the system does not 

### allow for acomplete run,then a means

## of determining the readiness 

### of the system should be developed. 

# o If no 

### recirculation system is 

### in place,thenthefeed system should be 

### runfor few minutes, checking 

### for proper operation and system leaks. 

# 0 Test run the dust evacuation system 

### including elevators, screws, pumps 

### etc. Continue to run this system throughout the

### wann up. 

# 1.2. Cooler ønd 

## Clinker 

## Høndling 

# o Test run 

### all cooler drives and inspect

### for loose grates after 

### running. Check thealignment 

### of the cooler

### while 

### running. Continue to run the system 

### for at least 12 hours to ensure its mechanical 

### integrity. 

# o The 

### following equipment should also be 

### run and 

### checked: Clinker Cooler Breaker, 

### Vent Fan, Cooler Fans, and 

### all downstream 

### clinker handling equipment. (1.e.: drag conveyors, belts, pan conveyors, gates

### etc.) 

### All equipment must be checked

### foralignment, 

### motor direction and automated 

### control. Ensure that fan dampers orvariable speed motors can operate at

### full range. 

# o Test the operation 

### of all of the cooler Plattco valves and check

### for a good seal. 

# o Ensure the 

### calibration 

### of all pressure transmitters 

### for the cooler fans. 

# 7.3. I.D. Føn 

# a Test run the 

### I.D. fan and test 

### for proper 

### rotation, controls 

### from the

### freld and computer as 

### well as check

### for leaks 

# 7.4. Coøl Conveying system 

# a Test run the coal 

### mill circuit and

### fans. Ensure that 

### all of the damper controls are 

### working properly. 

# a Test run the coal 

### mill feed system asearly as

### possible. 

### If the system has been calibrated, 

### initiate a method 

### ofverification of the weights. 

# t The entire coal 

### mill circuit should be run asearly as possible sothat checks can be made 

### for leaks. 

### If leaks are present, they can be 

### corected prior to start up sothat 

### it

### will not be delayed. 

# 7.5. Kíln Bøghouse 

## or ESP. 

# a Follow the established start-up procedures (Process 

### or Maintenance) 

### for new bag 

### installations. This 

### will include any precoating procedures, leak tests

### or air load testing. 

# 1.6. Preheat System (These ítems 

## to be 

## done 

## well 

## beþre needed) 

# a Ensure 

### all locks are removed 

### from the system 

# o Verify all hoses and connections are 

### in place

### for the

### fuel and 

### air supply systems 

# t All valves 

### in their proper 

### positionsfor operation 

# I Ignition source ready and available at

### kiln hood 

# o Test run burner axial, 

### swirl andtransport air systems and check

### filters

# 7.7. Møteríøl 

## Flow Checkfor Preheøter 

## Plønt



# a Verify all tower chutes areclear 

### by dropping 

### mill ball through cyclone and chutes 

# o Verify all tower 

### tipping valves are

### working 

### properly. Open and close 

### manually 

# 7.8. Burner Pípe

## Alígnment 

# o Each plant should have a burner pipe alignment procedure that must be

### followed. The burner pipe should be aligned 

### cold andthen the 

### position should be

### verified after 

### all

## of the peripherals areconnected. Failure 

### to do

### this could mean improper alignment and thus 

### inefficient fuel consurnption, poor 

### clinker quality and decreased 

### refractory 

### life. 

# o Attached is anexample

### of such a procedure. 

# 7.9. Common 

## Pre-checks 

# a Ensure the proper 

### direction or 

### rotation of all fans, scre\rys, conveyors, 

### clinker breaker etc. 

# a Checks should be made on: 

# o Oil in reducers 

# 0 Equipment 

### properly closed up 

# a Locks removed and switches 

### in 

# o Auxiliary 

### kiln drive motor function 

# a Check 

### airflows on 

### all fansthat have been alteredduring the turnaround.


### In short, acomplete checksheet should be developed sothat the plant can be assured that 

### all

## of the required checks arecompleted on 

### all equipment. The check sheets should 

### include enough 

### roomfor comments, assigned 

### responsibility to one person and an areawhere the person responsible cansign his/her name 

### indicating thatthe check is complete.

## 2. 

# Kíln Preheøt 

# Preoøratíon:



# 2.7. Burner pípe 

## ølígnment Example a.) Insert the burner pipe 

### into the 

### kiln with the 

### kiln doors open. 

### b.) Ensure that the burner pipe is set atthe desired distance 

### into the

## kiln Record the distance 

## of the burner 

### tip into the 

### kiln. The 

### kiln expansion must be measured to determine the exact 

### position of the burner pipe 

### into the 

### kiln. 

### c.) Once the burner pipe is set, hook upthe axial, 

### swirl andtransport air lines 

### d.) When 

### all air lines have been installed, the 

### kiln hood doors can be closed 

### e.) When the hood doors are closed and secure, insert the laser level 

### into the center 

### ofthe burner pipe.(feed end) 

## f.) Make sure that the laser is set 

### in the center 

### of the 

### pipe. This is accomplished by 

### wrapping the end

### of the bumer pipe 

### with plastic. This allowsfor sight 

### of the laser beam. 

### g.) With at least

### two people outside 

### of the

### kiln and

### two inside, take measurements 

### of the 

### position of the laser beam at at least three places 

### in the 

### kiln. This should include the start

## of the burning zone (30 feet), the upper 

### transition zone (80-85 feet) and on thefeed

### shelf. It is 

### importantto 

### know thethickness 

### of the 

### brick prior to measurement to determine the proper 

### position of the burner pipe. 

### h.) Through radio contact, make the necessary adjustments onthe burner pipe carriage sothat the laser beam 

### hits each

### point of measurement. 

## i.) Once the points have been met, 

### it is 

### important that there is no further movement 

### of the burner pipe 

### prior to start up. 

# j.) Measurements on the burner pipe carriage screws as

### well aspipe height relative tothe concrete 

### floor areto betaken and recorded as a reference 

### prior to start 

### up. These measurements should be checked 

### periodically throughout the campaign. 

### k.) When the hood doors

### are closed, the area can be sprayed 

### with a 

### light coating 

### of refractory to eliminate any inleakage 

### of air. 

### Theoverall objective of 

### this procedure isto 

### know exactly where the 

### burner pipe is

### in relation tothe 

### kiln.


# 2,2, Kíln Refrøctory 

# prepørøt¡on Purpose: To properly manage the 

### installation of refractory during a scheduled 

### or

unscheduled shutdown, and

### to

### follow established procedures 

### for preheating the 

### kiln systern 

### for maximum 

### brick life.

### The 

### refractory best 

### practice should be

### consulted to determine 

### proper method 

### of

preparation. longevity of the 

### lining. During a

### major turnaround 

### it would be

### well for plants

### to consider 

### hiring an experienced 

### refractory installation specialist 

### to supervise the ongoing 

### lining replacement or ensurethatthe 

### installer is

### familiarwith the various installation techniques that are available. 

### Proper Refractory Preheating and 

### Curing. The

### following information has been collected 

### from a large number 

### of refractory suppliers. This 

### infonlation should be used 

### only as aguideline 

### for proper refi'actory management. 

### Inall cases the plants should 

### review the intended operating procedures 

### with the refi'actory suppliers asthe amount 

### of refractory types and materials 

### vary extensively.
Each plant should consult and insist on having a representative 

### from the refi'actory supplier on hand 

### during the 

### installation and 

### curing of the 

### material chosen. 

### This process could be included 

### in the purchasing agreement. 

# 2.3. Burner pípe 

# líníng

rammed refractory. 

### Note: The poured castable 

### refractory must be allowed 

### to cure 

### for a 

### rninimum of 24 hours before 

### removingfonns or attempting to 

### properly bakeout the refi'actory.



# = To 

### properly bake out the poured castable or the 

### plastic rammed 

### refractory, the

### following schedule should be used as a

### guideline. 

### All plants should check 

### with their respective suppliers 

### for specific 

### curing schedules 

### for various types 

### ofrefractory. The refi'actory 

### lining should be increased 

### from ambient 

### to 200 degrees C at a rate

### of 50 degrees C per hour. The temperature should be 

### held at200 degrees C

### for one hour per inch 

### of refractory thickness. The ternperature should then be increased 

### from 200 degrees C

### to 600 degrees C at a rate

### of 50 degrees C per hour and again held atthis temperature

### for 

### I hour per inch 

### of refi'actory thickness. The 

### lining should be

### allowedto cool back

### to arnbient 

### without induced draft. The bumer pipe can now be installed 

### in the 

### kiln or put 

### into storage 

### if it is a spare.Burner Plpe Llnlng Preheat Schedule example 

### - 4 lnch refractory llnlng



# l-ññæ;ü-ol

3. 

# Kíln Preheu,t Schedule 

# :
3.7. 

## Pørømeters to be

## trucked duríng 

## preheøt

It is essential that plants have apreheating schedule determined 

### prior to the start 

### up. The start-up program, 

### which mainly determines the 

### kiln temperature increase per 

### unit time and the 

### timing of the 

### introduction of raw feed, must consider a number 

### of factors such asthe type

## of refractory material, design 

### of the 

### kiln systemo mechanical systems 

### etc. The 

### following points should be recorded

### during the preheat.


### 3.1.1. Preheater/Precalciner 

# a stage

## #l exit oxygen 

# lt Stage #4 or Precalciner temperature 

# o Feed shelf 

### Temperaturelkiln exit temperature 

# a Feed shelf or 

### kiln exit oxygen 

# t Burning zone temperature(shell scanner) 

# ô Tyre Creep

# a Tyre temperature andthe bearing temperatures



# 0 Kiln hood pressure 

# a Fuel consumption 

# o Kiln turning schedule 

# o Thermal expansion 

### of the 

### kiln 

# a Monitor ESP/Baghouse 

### (including gas 

### & opacity analyzers) 

## - turn on as soon as possible


### 3.1.2. Long

### \iletll,ong Dry Kilns 

# o Feed

### shelfoxygen 

# a Feed shelf temperature 

# a Chain temperature 

# o Burning zone temperature(shell scanner) 

# a Kiln turning schedule 

# ô Tyre Creep 

# I Tyre temperature and bearing temperatures 

# ,t Kiln hood pressure 

# o Fuel Consumption 

# o Kiln turning schedule 

# ,) Thermal expansion 

### of the 

### kiln 

# I Monitor ESP/Baghouse 

### (including gas

### & opacity analyzers) 

## - turn on as soon as possible 

# 3.2, Tyre Creep 3.2.1. Purpose 

### of

## tyre creep 

## control: From a

### tyre creep 

### point of view, the 

### minimum heating-up period is determined by the

### time required 

### to stabilize the temperature 

### difference (and hence the clearance) between the 

### kiln shell andthe tyre, since theshell 

### will heat up faster than the tyre. 

### Tyre # 2 is 

### particularly 

### critical. Too rapid heating can result 

### in a

### constriction of the 

### kiln shell, 

### which

### will cause permanent 

### deformation 

### if the

### yield strength 

### of the

### kiln shell material is exceeded. This 

### in turn

### will cause excessive 

### play in the 

### tyre (tyre slip) after the normal 

### working temperature is regained, as

### well as increased 

### ovality of the 

### kiln shell, afactor 

### which may contribute to excessive 

### refractory 

### lining wear. 

### As a general rule, the 

### tyre creep (the 

### relative motion between the 

### tyre and the 

### kiln shell) should be monitored at regular 

### intervals or continuously 

### with a

### kiln shell scanner

# if available, 

### manually 

### if 

## not. If the

### tyre creep is too 

### low or non-existent, the heating-up process should be slowed down 

### or intemrpted 

### until a measurable arnount

### of relative movement is established. For this reason, the 

### tyre creep may becomethe 

### limiting factor 

### in determining the heating-up schedule.Every tyre has its specific designed cold clearance that 

### allows a 

### maximum temperature

difference betweenthe

### kiln shell and tyre during 

### heating. 

### If the temperature difference exceedsthe 

### maximum value 

### during the heating-up schedule, theshell 

### below can be 

### plastically deformed due to restricted 

### expansion. To avoid such adeformation, solne plants have established 

### artificial heating 

### or exterior heating elements onthetyre themselves, 

### or defìne astart-up sequence

### for theshell 

### cooling

### fans. This allowsfor controlled heating

## of the 

### tyre in line

### with the heating-up schedule 

### for the

### kiln. The thermal expansion

### for each 

### unit can be

### controlled so that 

### defonnation of the 

### kiln or the tyre can be avoided. Proper clearances 

### for tyres during heat up

### will range 

### from a

### minimum 

### of 5 

### rnm to a high 

### of 25 mm.


### 3.2.2. 

### Procedure 

## for tyre creep 

## monitoring Purpose and Scope: 

### To monitor and react

### to 

### Kiln Tyre Slippage levels 

### in order 

### to prevent damage 

### to the 

### Kiln Shell, 

### Tyre, and 

### Refractory. 

### It is irnportant

### to note 

### that

### all supporttyres must 

### be monitored during a preheat, however, the tyres 

### in the area 

### of the 

### burning zone arethe most 

### critical and susceptible 

### to temperature changes. 

### Due 

### to the potential 

### for darnage, 

### this monitoring operation 

### should be considered 

### critical in a

### kiln start up

### with dedicated manpower provided. 

### Specific Points: 

### a.) Slippage and temperature measurements 

### during a

### kiln startup should betaken 

### in the

### field only. Do not 

### rely on thermal irnaging scanners

### for temperature 

### or slippage 

### indication during a preheat. Use thermostatic pencils when necessal'y. Slippage and temperature measurements must betaken at each

### tye every 

### t/zhow during a preheat. 

### b.) The temperature difference between thetyre andthe shell must be less than 125 oC at 

### all tirnes during the preheat. The shell temperature must betaken on both sides

### of the tyre. The tyre temperature must be measured on the side 

### of the 

### tyre and not the 

### rolling face. Measure both the 

### uphill and

### downhill side 

### of the tyre. 

### c.) If the temperature difference rises above 125 oC, 

### hold the

### kiln heat input 

### until the temperature 

### falls belowthe 125 oC.When the temperature is 

### below 125 

### "C, resume the preheating schedule. 

### d.) The 

### minimum tyre slippage per 

### kiln revolution is 8mm. 

### e.) 

## If the 

### kiln tyre slippage 

### falls below 8mm/rev, hold the

### kiln heat 

### input 

### until thetyre slippage reaches 8mm

### / rev.

### At 8mm

### / rev, resume

### the preheat schedule.

## f.) If the 

### kiln tyre slippage

### falls below Smm

### / rev decrease 

### kiln heat input 

### until the

### tyre

slippage reaches 5mm / rev. Ensure that the shell and the tyre temperature are 

### rising atthe same rate. 

### At 5mm +, 

### hold the 

### kiln heat input 

### until theslippage reaches 8mm 

### *, atthis 

### point, resum€preheating schedule. 

### g.) 

## If there is 

### no measureable slippage, 

### follow the instructions 

### for slippage 

### below Smm/rev 

### with aggressive moves on heat 

### input. 

### If slippage has not returned 

### inYzhonr, shut down. 

## h.) If tyre 

### slþage is 

### in excess 

### of 25mm plant personnel should investigate the shimming 

### of the 

### tyre. Excess slippage 

### of the

### tyre can cause problems 

### with 

### kiln ovality which may result 

### in shell, 

### refractory and nose 

### ring damage.

Notes:

encounter a

### slþage problem.

### An example 

### of tyre creep 

### monitoring is shown 

### below:

Date 

## Temperature and Slippage Measurements Kiln Tyre # 

### I Tyre#2 Tyre # 3 

### fime Down

### Hill Tyre Up

### Hill Sliooase Down 

### Hill Tyre Up 

### Hill Slippase Down 

### Hill Tyre Uo 

### Hill Slippase

### Note: Tyretemperature is

### determined by 

### taking the measurement on each side 

### ofthe



### tyre. The recorded 

### temperature should be

### the average 

### of thetwo.

information. Temperature 

### OR Slippage alone is meaningless. Both parameters must be recorded

### for proper assessment. 

### Modify record sheets 

### accordinglyto record this data every Yzhour. 

### Example 

### of an effective measuring system 

### for tyre slippage 

### (Install 3 

### pertyre 

### at 12r

## 4,I o'clock) Side 

### View Slippage 

### Indicator (Pointer)

Measuring 

### Device

# \* 

# ^/ Kiln

### Tye Tyre Shims



### Kiln Shell 

### Top View



### Kiln Tyre



### I 2 3 4 5 

### 6 cm

# 3,3. Turníng Schedules:

The purpose 

### of a

### turning schedule is

### to ensure

### slow, uniform heating

### of the 

### kiln and 

### it's refi'actories. Turning schedules are based on an increase 

### in temperature over

### time. A good 

### turning schedule 

### will allow for the expansion 

### of the 

### refractory and

### kiln shell sothat the 

### brick remain in place and the shell expands 

### uniformly along its 

### longitudinal axis. 

### Turning 

## Schedule: Too Slow Overheating 

### of the 

### refractory andthe 

### kiln shell Duck-nesting or sporadic gouging 

### of the 

### refractory Shell and 

### refractory damage. 

### Too Fast Poor heat 

### distribution Longer preheat time due to poor transfer 

### of heat Potential 

### for spiraling of brick


### An example 

### of the 

### turning schedules 

### for a

### kiln is shown below:


### TEMPERATURE OF 

### EXIT GAS 

### AT 

### KILN INLET 

### KILN TURNING PROCEDURE 

### WITH AUXILIARY DRIVE UP 

### TO 120"C KEEPTHE 

### KILN STOPPED 

### 120'c

# ro 2100c TURN 

### 90'TO 12OO EVERY 45 MINUTES 

### 210"c

## To 450"c TURN 9OO

### TO I2O'EVERY 30 MINUTES 

### 450.C 

### TO 600.C TURN 9OO

### TO I2O" EVERY 15 MINUTES 6000c

## To 750.c TURN 

### 90'TO I2O'EVERY IO MINUTES 75OOC UPTO FEEDING CONTINUOUS TURNING



### As a compromise, the 

### kiln should be

### periodically turned i.e.: rotated afi'action 

### of aturn, 

### During the 

### initial phase 

### until thesintering zone temperature reaches approximately 900

### 'C (1650 

### oF).After this phase, the 

### kiln can be rotated 

### continuously in a

### nonnal manner through the 

### auxiliary drive.Date: 

# 3.4. 

# Kíln Størt Up 

## Process 

# Døtø Time of Flame

# On: Preheat Schedule: Hours Hour 

### of the Preheat Tyre

Creep #l Tyre Tyre

Creep #2 tyre Hour 

### of

the Day Chain

Gas Temp Fuel

Rate Feed End

Oxygen SwirlAir

Setting Axial Air

Setting Feed

End Temp I.D. Fan

Speed

# 3.5. Kíln Preheøt 

## Schedule

The

### following is a

### guideling for preheating 

### Kiln refractory 

### brick linings after a major shutdown and ashortturnaround.

HEATING.UP GRAPH FOR ROTARY CEMENT KILNS

1300* {START 

### OF MATERTAL FEED ACCORD¡NG

TO 

### {K|LN TYPE 

### AND OPERAT|NG PROCES 1200

300* 

## 0369't215182124273033363942 Heating-up Time, hours 

### * Lining Temperature under the Flame 

### HEATING.UP CONDITION CURVE 

### 1: HEATING-UP AFTER 

### LIMITED REPAIRSTHERMAL GRADIENT - 30TO 35oc/h. 

### CUR\/IÌ

### 2: HEATING-UP AFTER COMPLETE RE-LINING 

### THERMAL GRADIENT - 20 TO 25"Clh. 

### Most suppliers 

### of refractory materials recommend 

### for the start up

### of 

### kilns after 

### major turnarounds 

### with monolithic linings, a 

### maximum heating 

### -up rate

### of approximately 25 

### "C/h in the

### sinteringzone upto atemperature

### of 900

### oC.After reaching 900 oC, heating up can continue 

### at arate 

### of 50 oC upto the 

### working temperature. o

1000

900 o o Ë 8oo 

## g tr 

## ; 700 G o 

### Ë 600 E o CL $ soo

ao (l, sr4oo 

### Ë x o 

### E soo 

## v 200

100

0

### After a 

### minor shutdown (lessthan 24 hours) where no major 

### lining is replaced, 

### refractory

suppliers recommend a heating-up rate 

### of 50

### 'C /h. 

### V/hat is not shown 

### in the graph above is a stepped approach to the heat up schedule (see

### followup graph onthe last 

### page. What this means isthat there should be a 

### holding pattern onthe temperatures 

### in the 

### kiln system 

### in at least 

### two separate tempemture 

### ranges. The

### first holding pattem should be made 

### in the

### initial stages 

### of the heat up 

### procedure. This meansthatwhen the sintering zone temperature reaches

### approximately 300 oC, thetemperature should be held constant

### for approximately 3

### hours.This procedure should be repeated again once the sintering zone temperature reaches

### approximately 500 

### to 550 

### oC. This procedure allows the 

### refractory material to 

### "catch up" 

### with the gas

### temperature. The heat penetrates the refractory material as 

### well asthe metal casings and reduces the 

### possibility of non-uniform expansion andtyre creep 

### ptoblems. This procedure can

### of course be 

### rnodified based on theamount 

### of refractory 

### work that has been completed 

### during the shutdown.


## 4. 

# Feedíns of Ruw 

# Møteríøls
4.1. Pr eh e

### ut e

### r

### s/Pr e c

### alc

### in ers

## : Raw material feed can be started when the temperature curve 

### in the 

### kiln system approaches operational conditions 

### or assoon asthe prccalciner and preheat temperatures 

### profile is ready

### for feed. The period between the start 

### of the 

### kiln feed and its 

### anival atthe sintering zone isthe most 

### critical 

### with respect to tyre creep because the

### fuel supply must be increased 

### rapidly to compensate 

### for the heat absorbed 

### by the processing 

### of the raw 

### material. Close attention must be made atthis phase sothat

### slip is

### continuously present. 

### If slip of the 

### tyre ceases, countermeasures must betaken 

### to correct thesituation. Feed rnay be introduced 

### into the

### kiln system 

### prior to amiving at

### optirnal temperature as a measure to coat the refractory 

### linings. Only small amounts can be introduced so that there is not adeterioration 

### of the heat gradient.

# 4.2. Long ll¡et ønd 

## Dry Kílns:

Kiln chains or other heat exchange systems should not be exposed 

### to excessive heat 

### prior tothe 

### introduction of 

### feed. Excessive heat can damage and 

### potentially cause fires 

### in the 

### metallic systems. For this reason, 

### material feed is usually started after the sintering zone temperature reaches 950 degrees C and the 

### kiln is rotated continuously 

### by using afeed rate

## of l0o/otothe 

### nominal throughput. The feed rate is then 

### continuously increased depending onthe 

### kiln exit gastemperature, thespecific heat consumption andthe 

### burning

### conditions. The 

### kiln speed is increased 

### proportionally to thefeed rate. Graph thespecific heat consumption versus thefeed rate, oxygen, 

### kiln amps and 

### kiln speed.



### s.t. 

## Objectíves

## of ø

## postøudít A post audit 

### of thestart-up

### to analyze deviations 

### from the planned schedule should be systematically done between the 

### production coordinator and the 

### kiln operators. Reasons 

### for deviations should be 

### identified and recommendations 

### to improve the next 

### kiln startup should be drafted andwhen necessary, incorporated 

### into the

### SOP. CRO 

### involvement is essential to the success 

### ofproper 

### kiln start ups.



### s.z. 

## Revíew 

## ltems:
-Preheat temperatures and oxygen 

### control-actual vs. plan 

### -Timing of preheat-actual versus plan -Specifi c heat consumption/lrlOx values 

### -Tyre Creep report 

### -Axial and

### swirl settings 

### -Review of check sheets

## - explanation 

### of variances 

### -Review of problems incurred 

### during preheat -# 

### of incidents 

### within two weeks after start-up 

### -Amount of tirne 

### to

### full production 

### Develop the above 

### into a

### table 

### that shows 

### thevariances and explanations 

### for thevariances

# fi. Example

# offollow-ap grøph:

The graph 

### below can be used

### to compare the actual versus planned start-up control parameters.



### 24 HOUR PREHEAT SCHEDULE



# 8 9 10 11 

### 121314151617 18192021 

### 222324252627 28

HOURS 1000
900
800
700

u¡ 600 ú, 

### Ð

### tÉ soo EI o.


## = H ¿oo
300
200

100
0 

### -I-STG 4 TEMP 

## +STG 1TEMP