FILED U.S. COURT OF AP P EALS E LEVEN T HC IRC UIT DEC 07, 2007 THOMAS K. KAH

N CLERK [ DO NO T P UB L I S H] I N THE UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT

________________________ N o. 07- 12749 N on -A rgum entC al endar

________________________ A ge nc y N o. A 78- 953- 498 V I L M A G L O R I A R U A N O D E E S P I N O Z A , P e titio n e r , v ersu s U .S . A T T O RN E Y G E N E R A L , R e s p o n d e n t.

________________________ P e t i t i on f orR e vi e w of

aD e c i s i on of

the B o a r d o f I m m ig r a tio n A p p e a ls

_________________________ ( D e c e m b e r 7, 2007) B efo re M A R C U S , W IL S O N an d F A Y , C i rcu i tJu d g es. P E R C U R I A M: V ilm aG lo r iaR u a n o D e E s p in o z a( “R u a n o ” ) , an a tiv e a n d c itiz e n o f E l S al vado r, pet i t i on s f

or re vi ew of the B oard of Im m i grat i on A pp ea l s’ (“ B IA ”)2

de ni a l of he rm ot i on f

orr e c ons i de r a t i on/m ot i on t o r e ope n. R ua no a r gue s tha tthe B I A ab u s e d its d is c r e tio n b y d e n y in g h e rm o tio n f o rr e c o n s id e r a tio n /m o tio n to r e o p e n b e c au s e s h e w a s d e n ie d th e o p p o rtu n ity to ap p ly f o rv o lu n ta ry d e p a rtu r e . R ua no c ont e nds tha tthe I m m i gr a t i on J udge ( “ I J ” ) a nd the B I A e rr e d i n i s s ui ng a f i na l or de rof

r e m ova l be f

or e the s c he dul e d m a s t e rc a l e ndarhe a r i ng, a tw hi c h s he coul d h ave app l i ed for vol un t ary departure. S ec on d, R uano as se rt s thatshe had p r e v io u s ly f

ile d a n ap p lic a tio n f

o rs p e c ia l ru le c a n c e lla tio n o f r e m o v a l p u r s u a n t to the N i cara gu an A dj ustm entand C entra l A m er i can R el i ef A ct(“N A C A R A ”) , P u b .L .N o . 1 0 5 - 1 0 0 , 2 0 2 , 1 1 1 S ta t. 2 1 6 0 , 2 1 9 3 ( 1 9 9 8 ) , a n d c o n te n d s th a t s h e d id notaba ndon he rappl i c a t i on f ors uc h r e l i e f

be c aus e ac opy of

he rpr e vi ous appl i c a t i on w a s a l r e a dy i nc l ude d i n the a dm i ni s tr a t i ve r e c or d. F o rth e r e a s o n s s e t f

o rth m o r e f

u lly b e lo w , w e d e n y th e p e titio n f o rr e v ie w in p a rt a n d d is m is s th e p e titio n f o rr e v ie w in p a rt. W e r e v ie w th e B I A ’s d e n ia l o f am o tio n f

o rr e c o n s id e r a tio n a n d am o tio n to r e ope n f ora n abus e of

di s c r e t i on. A s s a ’ a d v. U . S . A tt ’ y G e n. , 332 F . 3d 1321, 1341 ( 11th C i r . 2003) ( m ot i on f orr e c ons i de r a t i on) ; G ba y av. U . S . A tt ’ y G e n. , 342 F . 3d 12 19 , 12 20 (11th C i r. 20 03 ) ( m ot i on t o reopen). Judi ci al re vi ew of the deni al of di sc re t i on ary r el i ef

i n thi s c on t ext“ i s l i m i t ed t o d et erm i ni ng w hether there has b een an ex erci se o f ad m i n i strat i v e d i scret i o n an d w h eth er th e m att er o f ex erci se ha s be e n a rbi tr a ry orc apr i c i ous . ” A bdi v. U . S . A tt ’ y G e n. , 430 F . 3d 1148, 1149 (11th C i r. 20 05 ) ( qu ot at i on om i tt ed).3

A ft erthe B IA has a ff

i rm ed an IJ ’ s orderof re m ov al , the al i en m ayse ek re consi dera t i on on the grou nd thatthe B IA has m ade al egal or fa ctual error. S ee I N A § 240( c ) ( 6) ; 8 U . S . C . § 1229a ( c ) ( 6) ( C ) ; 8 C . F . R . § 1003. 2( b) ( 1) . A m ot i on f orr e c ons i de r a t i on m us ts pe c i f y the e rr or s of

l a w orf a c ti n the pr e vi ous or de ra nd b e s u p p o rte d b y p e rtin e n t au th o r ity . 8 U .S .C . § 1 2 2 9 a ( c ) ( 6 ) ( C ) . M o tio n s to r e c o n s i d e ra r e d i s f

a v o r e d i n r e mo v a l p r o c e e d i n g s . Se e I N S v . D o h e rty , 5 0 2 U . S. 3 1 4 , 3 2 3 , 1 1 2 S .C t. 7 1 9 , 7 2 4 - 2 5 , 1 1 6 L .E d .2 d 8 2 3 ( 1 9 9 2 ) ( d is c u s s in g m o tio n s to re op en and exp l ai ni ng thatsuch m ot i on s are di sf avored because , “ as a genera l m att er , every del ayw orks t o the advant age of the depo rt abl e a l i en w ho w i shes m e r e ly to r e m a in in th e U n ite d S ta te s ” ) . U n d e r8 C .F .R . § 1 0 0 3 .2 ( c ) ( 1 ) , “[ a ] m o tio n to r e o p e n p r o c e e d in g s s h a ll s ta te the new fa ct s thatw i l l be prov en ata heari ng t o b e hel d i f the m ot i on i s grant ed. ”

“ A m o t i o n t o r e o p e n p r o c e e d i n g s s h a l l n o tb e g r a n t e d u n l e s s i tap p e a r s t o th e [ B I A] tha te vi de nc e s oughtt o be of f e r e d i s m a t e r i a l a nd w a s nota va i l abl e a nd c oul d not h a v e b e e n d is c o v e r e d o rp r e s e n te d a t th e f o rm e rh e a r in g . . . .” I d . I n a d d itio n , a m ot i on t o r e ope n “ f

orthe purpos e of

a f f or di ng the a l i e n a n opportuni ty t o appl y f or an y f o rm o f d iscr etio n ar y r elief [ sh all n o t] b e g ra n ted if itap p ea rs th at th e a li en ’s ri gh tt o app l y f

or such re l i ef

w as ful l y e xp l ai ned t o h i m or her” and the al i en w as a f f o r d e d a n o p p o rtu n ity to ap p ly f o rs u c h r e lie f

. I d .4

W e h a v e p r e v io u s ly h e ld th a t: [ a ] tam i ni m um , the r e a r e a tl e a s tthr e e i nde pe nde ntgr ounds upon w hi c h [ the B I A ] m a y de ny am ot i on t o r e ope n: 1) f a i l ur e t o e s t abl i s h a pri m a f ac i e c as e; 2) fa i l ure t o i ntrodu ce evi dence thatw as m at er i al a nd pr e vi ous l y una va i l abl e ; a nd 3) ade t e rm i na t i on tha tde s pi t e the a l i e n’ s s t a tut ory e l i gi bi l i ty f orr e l i e f , he ors he i s note nt i t l e d t o a f a v o r ab le e x e r c is e o f

d is c r e tio n . A l N a jj a rv. A s hc r of

t , 257 F . 3d 1262, 1302 ( 11th C i r . 2001) . T he B I A r e t a i ns b r o a d d is c r e tio n to d e n y am o tio n to r e o p e n a n d m a y d o s o “e v e n if th e p a rty m ovi ng ha s m a de outapr i m af a c i e c a s e f

orr e l i e f . ” A ni n v. R e no, 188 F . 3d 1273, 1 2 7 9 ( 1 1 th C ir . 1 9 9 9 ) ( q u o ta tio n a n d c ita tio n o m itte d ) . H e r e , the B I A c ons true d R ua no’ s m ot i on be f or e i ta s am ot i on f

or r e c o n s id e r a tio n . H o w e v e r , R u a n o f a ile d to s p e c if

y a n y e rr o r s o f

la w o rf a c t in e i the rthe I J ’ s orthe B I A ’ s or de r s . I ns t e a d, R ua no a s s e rt e d ane w c l a i m – tha tthe IJ d en i ed h er d u e p ro cess ri g h t s b y en t eri n g a fi n al o rd er o f rem o v al b ecau se vol unt a ry de pa rtur e w a s s t i l l a va i l abl e t o he r . T o the e xt e nttha tR ua no a s ke d the B IA t o reopen the proceedi ng s t o al l ow her t o see k v ol un t ary departure, she f ai l ed t o s ubm i ta ny e vi de nc e t o s how pr i m af a c i e e l i gi bi l i ty f

ors uc h r e l i e f

ora s s e rta ny f a c t s ore vi de nc e tha tc oul d notha ve be e n di s c ove r e d orpr e s e nt e d t o the I J dur i ng the pr oc e e di ngs be l ow . T o the c ontr a ry , the r e c or d de m ons tr a t e s tha tR ua no, re pres ent ed by coun se l , had n ot i ce of, and n um er ou s opp ortun i t i es t o request , such r e lie f . M o r e o v e r , e v e n a s s u m in g th a t R u a n o p r e s e n te d e v id e n c e o f h e re lig ib ility f o rv o lu n ta ry d e p a rtu r e , th e B I A n e v e rth e le s s h a s d is c r e tio n to d e n y h e rm o tio n to5

r e ope n. A ni n, 188 F . 3d a t1279. A c c or di ngl y , the B I A di d notabus e i t s di s c r e t i on i n de ny i ng R ua no’ s m ot i on f orr e c ons i de r a t i on/m ot i on t o r e ope n, a nd w e de ny the p e titio n f o rr e v ie w in th is r e s p e c t. W e ne e d nota ddr e s s R ua no’ s r e m a i ni ng c l a i m tha the rappl i c a t i on f or N A C A R A r e l i e f

s houl d ha ve be e n de e m e d f i l e d i n l i ghtof

the f a c ttha tac opy of he rpr e vi ous appl i c a t i on f ors uc h r e l i e f

w a s a l r e a dy i nc l ude d i n the a dm i ni s tr a t i ve re cord. R uano fa i l ed t o rai se thi s c l ai m before the B IA and, thu s, w e l ac k j ur i s di c t i on t o r e vi e w i t . S e e 8 U . S . C . § 1252( d) ( 1) ; S unda rv. I N S , 328 F . 3d 1320, 1 3 2 3 ( 1 1 th Ci r . 2 0 0 3 ) ( d e t e rmi n i n g th a tw e “ l a c kj u r i s d i c t i o n t o c o n s i d e rc l a i ms tha tha ve notbe e n r a i s e d be f or e the B I A ” ) . A l though w e ha ve i ndi c a t e d tha tthe e x h au s tio n r e q u ir e m e n t o f § 1 2 5 2 ( d ) ( 1 ) m a y n o t ap p ly to p r o h ib it r e v ie w o f c e rta in c o n s titu tio n a l c la im s , w e h a v e d e te rm in e d th a t th e r e q u ir e m e n t d o e s ap p ly in c ir c u m s ta n c e s w h e r e , a s h e r e , th e c la im a t is s u e is ap r o c e d u r a l d u e p r o c e s s c la im . C om pare S un dar, 32 8 F . 3d at13 25 (a ckno w l edgi ng thatconst i tut i on al chal l enges th a t c a n n o t b e r e s o lv e d b y aB I A d e c is io n m ayn o t r e q u ir e e x h au s tio n ) w ith A m a y a - A rtundua gav. U . S . A tt ’ y G e n. , 463 F . 3d 1247, 1251 ( 11th C i r . 2006) ( hol di ng tha tpe t i t i one r ’ s a l l e ga t i on of adue pr oc e s s vi ol a t i on w a s “ pr e c i s e l y the ki nd of pr oc e dur a l e rr orw hi c h r e qui r e s e xhaus t i on” ) . A c c or di ngl y , w e di s m i s s the p e titio n f o rr e v ie w in th is r e s p e c t. I n lig h t o f

th e f o r e g o in g , R u a n o ’s p e titio n f o rr e v ie w is D EN I ED I N PA R T, D I SM I SSED I N PA R T.