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USAID/India 

Operational Plan 

FY 2006 

June 12, 2006 
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Please Note: 

The attached RESULTS INFORMATION is from the FY 2006 Operational Plan and was assembled 

and analyzed by the country or USAID operating unit identified on the cover page. 

The Operational Plan is a "pre-decisional" USAID document and does not reflect results stemming 

from formal USAID review(s) of this document. 

Related document information can be obtained from: 

USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse 

8403 Colesville Road, Suite 210 

Silver Spring, MD 20910 

Telephone: (301) 562-0641 

Fax: (301) 588-7787 

Email: docorder@dec.cdie.org 

Internet: http://www.dec.org 

Portions released on or after July 1, 2006 
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Program Performance Summary FY 2005: Background: 

India has a democratic, federal government and the world’s second largest population, 1.1 billion (15% of 

the world’s population). More than 300 million people live below the official poverty line in over 500,000 

villages and 200 towns and cities. Another 400 million live on the margin. With cultural roots extending 

back 5,000 years, 18 official languages, a secular government, and geographically distinct regions, 

diversity and tolerance are cornerstones of Indian society. The Government of India (GOI) began an 

ambitious economic reform program in 1991 that accelerated economic growth. However, the Congress 

Party-led coalition victory in May 2004 resulted, in part, from dissatisfaction among the rural poor majority 

who believed they were not benefiting from reform. As a result, reforms slowed but now appear to have 

been reinvigorated, in part by the strategic partnership with the United States. 

Development challenges include serious economic and energy constraints that slow India’s development. 

While India’s economic annual growth rate hovers between 7%-8%, higher rates are needed to lift the 

majority of the population out of poverty within a reasonable time period. Poor fiscal management, limited 

access to capital, and poorly managed government-dominated sectors lead to under-investment in 

human and physical infrastructure. By 2015 India will be the world’s fourth largest energy consumer, 

placing great stress on India’s energy security. However, Indian power utilities lose about $7 billion a 

year through inefficiency. These and other inefficiencies contribute to India being the world’s fifth largest 

producer of greenhouse gas emissions. Water and electricity shortages are compounded by 

uneconomical subsidies that drain state governments resources while the subsidized water and electricity 

often do not reach the intended beneficiaries. Economic growth and energy access are correlated, and 

improved energy security is vital to the economic and social needs of not just India but South Asia. 

The United States has an ambitious vision for U.S.-India relations in the 21st century. By cooperating 

with India now, the United States will accelerate the arrival of the benefits that India’s growing economy 

brings to the region and the world. President Bush and Prime Minister Singh issued a Joint Statement 

outlining their resolve to work together on strategic, economic, energy, democracy promotion, nonproliferation and security, and space technology. USAID assistance to India advances U.S. policy 

priorities and India’s development agenda. The planned U.S. presidential visit in early 2006 will put this 

U.S.-India development cooperation in the spotlight. Economic growth and energy security are central to 

India’s development and to U.S.-India relations. The two countries have established an Economic 

Dialogue and an Energy Dialogue. The Economic Dialogue is a framework under which the United 

States and India have intensified discussions on finance, trade, commerce, energy, environment and 

terrorist financing. Reflecting this strengthening partnership, bilateral trade continues to grow at a rapid 

pace. U.S. exports to India grew by more than 50% during the last year. Indian exports to the United 

States are up more than 15%. The Energy Dialogue is important to U.S. efforts to ensure that India’s 

rapidly-growing energy needs are appropriately met. USAID’s economic growth activities and 

collaborative work on power sector reform and efficiency are central to both dialogues. In fact, USAID 

plays a leading role in the new bilateral Energy Dialogue working group on energy efficiency. Secretary 

of State Rice, Treasury Secretary Snow and Energy Secretary Bodman have either encouraged or 

participated in these dialogues and both governments have recognized USAID’s contribution to improving 

bilateral relations. The United States has made health in India a priority, and India is one of five high 

priority non-focus countries under the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. 

A lack of resources for healthcare and education further constrain India’s development. Maternal and 

child mortality rates remain high. Family planning choices are limited, particularly in Northern India. Polio 

continues, and a third of the world’s tuberculosis cases are in India. India has the second largest number 

of HIV positive people in the world after South Africa. High costs, long distances and a lack of 

appreciation for the benefits of education keep up to 35 million Indian children out of school, 60% of 

whom are girls. Less than 50% of India’s primary schools have drinking water and only 10% have 

sanitation facilities, contributing to low attendance rates, especially among girls. Domestic violence, 

dowry violence, female feticide and sex-selective abortions weigh heavily on the lives and rights of 

women, who have few avenues for redressing injustices. Additionally, India is one of the most hazardprone countries in South Asia. Floods, drought, landslides and cyclones are a regular occurrence; they 

undermine investments and cause significant loss of life. 
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Achievements: 

USAID/India’s strategic objectives are designed and implemented based on the mutual interests of both 

countries. They are: Increased Transparency and Efficiency in the Allocation and Mobilization of 

Resources in Selected States; Improved Access to Clean Energy and Water in Selected States; Improved 

Health and Reduced Fertility in Targeted Areas of India; Enhanced Opportunities for Vulnerable Peoples; 

and Reduced Vulnerability to Disasters in High Risk Areas. The Mission is also host to USAID’s South 

Asia Regional Initiative in Energy. Progress in all areas has been good. 

USAID’s economic growth program supports India’s continued integration into the global economy. In FY 

2005, state fiscal management reform, the third phase of the mission’s urban reform initiative, agriculture 

marketing development, and micro enterprise development moved into full implementation. The program 

strengthened the key institutions that support expansion of capital resources. USAID improved the 

effectiveness of public expenditures by helping to reduce deficits and increasing human capacity and 

physical infrastructure. In the program’s target areas, municipal governments invested $34.6 million in 

infrastructure services against a goal of $33.3 million in FY 2005. USAID’s governance assistance 

improved financial and performance management systems in eight states and multiple local authorities. 

Strengthened national-level policies on incentive funds, subsidies and key regulatory institutions enabled 

the expansion and deepening of the securities, insurance and commodities market and increased 

investments in infrastructure. USAID’s agriculture activities supported the development and promotion of 

new technologies, built efficiency in marketing chains (from producers to consumers), reinvigorated 

linkages between the agriculture sector and higher educational institutions, and encouraged reform. The 

program augments its limited resources with those of the private sector through Global Development 

Alliances to create maximum leverage. 

USAID’s work in energy distribution and policy reform in India is key to the GOI’s efforts to improve the 

operation, performance and profitability of the country’s power distribution sector. USAID has advanced 

the application of innovative practices that improve access to reliable and efficient electricity supplies. As 

a result, utilities’ aggregate technical and commercial losses have fallen. USAID programs created “best 

practice” models of power distribution and water use, worked with urban organizations to enact waterenergy policy reforms, and developed municipal water reuse plans and industrial water recycling 

strategies. USAID’s work in FY 2005 on integration of green energy and water conservation concepts in 

building designs has led to the U.S. Green Building Council’s highest rated platinum award to two green 

buildings and gold ratings to two other buildings. 

USAID, in partnership with the GOI and a number of state governments, addresses HIV/AIDS, infectious 

disease, child and maternal mortality, reproductive health/family planning, and urban health issues 

through a technically and geographically targeted portfolio of interventions. In the past year, HIV 

prevention and control achievements accelerated, infectious disease prevention efforts showed progress, 

child survival targets were met, and maternal and reproductive health efforts continued to make headway. 

The assessment of exceeding expectations in all five program components mirrors last year’s 

performance, which itself was a significant improvement over FY 2003. In the USAID-focus state of Tamil 

Nadu, programs contributed to a continued decline in HIV prevalence rates, reaching 0.5% in 2004 

(compared with 1.13% in 2001). Finally, India was designated a priority country under the President’s 

Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief Act (PEPFAR). As a result, USAID has developed a new strategy and 

country operational plan for its HIV/AIDS efforts in India in FY 2006. Integration of P.L. 480 Title-II food 

aid programs and health interventions in nearly 95,000 villages inhabited by nearly 90 million people 

made significant strides in improving child and maternal health and nutrition. Family planning 

components continue to increase the use of modern contraceptives. At 26.7%, the use of modern 

contraceptives by married women of reproductive age in the state of Uttar Pradesh in FY 2005 surpassed 

the year’s goal of 26.6% and improved upon the 2003 rate of 24.6%. 

In FY 2005, USAID education activities increased the access to quality education of 724,242 vulnerable 

children. To improve quality of teaching and learning, the program built the capacities of school 

administrators, teachers, communities and children. The program’s school-based hygiene interventions 
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reached more than 600,000 children in 2,600 government schools in two states. Working with 77 nongovernmental organizations, the program developed bridge programs to ease out-of-school children into 

formal education; conducted back-to-school camps to prepare children for the upcoming school year; and 

held residential camps to educate tribal children and girls. USAID’s access to justice program in India 

made strong headway during FY 2005. Against a target of 6,000, the program provided 30,000 women 

with legal information, advice or support. The sustained, high-quality performance of our partners 

superseded our expectations. The program’s single most important result, however, was the creation of 

WomenPowerConnect (WPC), an organization of women’s groups and activists from all over the country 

that advocate for the rights of women and girls. WPC was instrumental in the passage of India's new 

Domestic Violence Bill. USAID funded the production of a 13-episode, second season of the popular 

television soap opera Atmaja. The soap opera uses engaging storylines to challenge traditional biases 

against women and girls. USAID also strengthened the capacity of 84 micro-finance institutions, enabling 

them to lend to over 800,000 poor women in 11 states. 

During FY 2005, USAID made progress toward improving systems of emergency preparedness and 

disaster mitigation in India. USAID supported the GOI’s efforts to incorporate Incident Command System 

(ICS) into disaster response systems at central, state and local levels. Nearly 400 Indian officials involved 

in disaster response were trained in ICS methodologies and participated in disaster simulations. More 

than 4,000 communities prepared disaster mitigation plans. 

USAID’s Mission in India has a gender strategy and integrates gender objectives across its portfolio. The 

agriculture, state and urban fiscal reform, and enterprise programs track gender impacts and provide 

support to women-owned enterprises and deliver services to enhance the lives of women. By mobilizing 

women’s groups in awareness campaigns and encouraging participation of women in maintaining 

electricity infrastructure, USAID is mainstreaming gender into the energy activities. During the year, 

USAID supported advocacy for the passing of a domestic violence bill that had languished for over three 

years in Parliament. In FY 2006, USAID will help India design a curriculum for training civil servants in 

gender-budgeting. USAID’s disaster activities integrate gender concerns into its programs. 

Challenges: 

USAID’s energy and environmental efforts will be challenged to disengage from a decade-long clean coal 

program and move toward a broad-based legacy partnership, build a consensus on how to implement 

India’s first demonstration coal gasification project, and leverage public-private partnerships to promote 

clean power. On the other hand, USAID will need to manage the rising central and state government 

expectations for expanded USAID involvement in electricity distribution reforms. The challenge will be for 

USAID to convince the central and local governments to replicate USAID programs using their own funds. 

USAID’s economic growth program must find a cost effective means of expanding its successful state 

fiscal management program beyond the three target states. The reform agenda under our urban renewal 

initiative will be challenged to meet high expectations for the disbursement of investment grant funds. As 

a result, USAID will have to implement expeditious planning processes to meet reform and investment 

needs. To broaden access to financial services, USAID will have to develop new partners such as 

cooperative banks and urban microfinance institutions. 

USAID’s major partner for family planning experienced several leadership changes - consuming time, 

hampering decision making and causing some contractual problems. USAID had to fight inertia within the 

GOI to ensure the timely release of HIV/AIDS funds, the delay of which was constraining partner efforts. 

In the reproductive health program, a change in the top personnel of USAID's main Indian implementing 

partner slowed progress. 

Disaster management is a national priority for India and USAID, however the bureaucratic processes of 

the GOI lead ministry slowed implementation considerably. 
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FY 2006 Program 

SO: 386-013 Increased Transparency and Efficiency in the Allocation and Mobilization of 

Resources in Selected States 

Increase Agricultural Sector Productivity 

Increase Agricultural Sector Productivity ($300,000 DA). USAID is continuing to promote efficiency in 

marketing chains, and to fund policy studies and new initiatives in the area of commodity futures 

development. Principal Implementers: the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, and 

Michigan State University. 

Protect and Increase the Assets and Livelihoods of the Poor 

Protect and Increase the Assets and Livelihoods of the Poor ($1,640,000 DA; $168,000 DA Prior Year 

Unobligated). USAID is developing microenterprise and microfinance opportunities in India by investing 

in four to five small and medium businesses; providing business and financial support to agriculture and 

urban services, covering approximately 7,000 small farmers; and expanding microfinance for slum 

upgrading in three cities. Principal Implementers: Healing Fields Foundation, Sa-Dhan, Cooperative 

Housing Foundation International, and Agricultural Cooperative Development International/Volunteers in 

Overseas Cooperative Assistance (ACDI/VOCA). 

Strengthen Public Sector Executive Function 

Strengthen Public Sector Executive Function ($400,000 DA; $500,000 ESF). USAID is strengthening the 

capacity of three state governments in procurement, internal auditing, and treasury maintenance. The 

program is providing technical assistance and training on project appraisal, budget formulation, and debt 

analysis to improve accountability and efficiency in public financial management. USAID is expanding the 

program into a fourth state, initiating activities to bring about tax reforms, and bolstering 

intergovernmental fiscal transfer systems. The program covers approximately 100 million people. 

Principal Implementers: Bearing Point and Development Alternatives, Inc. 

Strengthen The Financial Services Sector & Increase Access to Capital 

Strengthen the Financial Services Sector and Increase Access to Capital ($1,100,000 DA; $500,000 

ESF). USAID is working with the Government of India (GOI) to create a regulatory framework that will 

increase household participation in India’s capital market. To increase regulatory and licensing 

capabilities in the health insurance sector, the program is providing technical assistance in the form of 

workshops and seminars as well as providing internship opportunities for insurance regulatory staff. 

USAID's assistance promotes the development of a business plan for data warehousing and data mining 

for casualty and property insurance. USAID is also helping with the implementation of regulatory policies 

that deepen the country’s insurance market. A DCA guarantee of approximately $600,000 will be used to 

underwrite an $11 million bond issued by a microfinance institution in India. Principal agencies are the 

Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and the Insurance Regulatory and Development Agency 

(IRDA). Principal Implementers: the Securities and Exchanges Commission, IBM Business Consulting 

Services, and Bearing Point. 

FY 2007 Program 

SO: 386-013 Increased Transparency and Efficiency in the Allocation and Mobilization of 

Resources in Selected States 

Increase Agricultural Sector Productivity 

Increase Agricultural Sector Productivity ($1,000,000 DA). USAID's agriculture programs will increase the 
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private sector’s share in food grain marketing, decrease selected agricultural subsidies, and establish 

standards to promote trade. USAID will also expand the micro and small enterprise support program to 

more small and medium businesses and provide business and financial support to the agriculture sector. 

Principal Implementer: ACDI/VOCA. 

Strengthen Public Sector Executive Function 

Strengthen Public Sector Executive Function ($500,000 DA; $800,000 ESF). USAID's program will 

increase the incentive for reform by linking public finance management to underfunded priorities such as 

health, education, and water. The program will increase public awareness of better fiscal governance 

through improving government accountability on public fund usage. USAID will initiate activities to bring 

about tax reforms, strengthen civil society's capacity to promote better fiscal governance, and bolster 

intergovernmental fiscal transfer systems. Principal Implementers: Bearing Point. 

Strengthen The Financial Services Sector & Increase Access to Capital 

Strengthen The Financial Services Sector and Increase Access to Capital ($440,000 DA; $700,000 ESF). 

USAID will continue to strengthen the institutional and regulatory capacity of the Indian financial system to 

broaden access to finance for rural and urban small businesses and for infrastructure investments. The 

program will increase regulatory and licensing capabilities in the health insurance sector, and help with 

the implementation of regulatory policies that deepen the country's insurance market. Principal agencies: 

SEBI and IRDA. Principal Implementers: IBM Business Consulting Services and Bearing Point. 

FY 2006 Program 

SO: 386-014 Improved Health and Reduced Fertility in Targeted Areas of India 

Improve Child Survival, Health & Nutrition 

Improve Child Survival, Health, and Nutrition ($12,852,000 CSH). USAID is continuing to use P.L. 480 

Title II and CSH funds to improve child survival, health, and nutrition in nine Indian states. In FY 2006, 

USAID will design and award a new program to improve child survival in north India. USAID is 

implementing micronutrient programs in three focus states and continuing to support polio eradication. 

Under the urban health initiative, USAID is conducting demonstrations, workshops, conferences, and 

consultations on matters related to urban health planning and service delivery. USAID is funding the third 

round of the National Family Health Survey, India's demographic and health survey. Principal 

Implementers: CARE, Catholic Relief Services, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the World 

Health Organization (WHO), ORC Macro, and the CORE group of non-governmental organizations. 

Prevent & Control Infectious Diseases Of Major Importance 

Prevent and Control Infectious Diseases Of Major Importance ($6,138,000 CSH). To further the 

objectives of India’s TB control initiative, USAID funds are being utilized for the implementation of directly 

observed treatment short-course therapy (DOTS) in Haryana. USAID is funding research on the 

operations of the revised National TB Control Program. USAID has been a partner during the design 

phase of the new National Vector Borne Disease Program and will participate until its finalization in spring 

2006. USAID is strengthening and expanding India’s capacity to conduct surveillance of infectious 

diseases, including avian influenza, and to detect and respond to disease outbreaks. Principal 

Implementers: WHO and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS 

Reduce Transmission and Impact Of HIV/AIDS ($16,335,000 CSH). USAID is implementing and scaling 
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up demonstrated HIV prevention and care services including counseling and testing in Tamil Nadu, 

Pondicherry, and Maharashtra. Funds are also being used to develop and demonstrate strategic, 

comprehensive approaches to linking HIV/AIDS prevention, care, and support. USAID is initiating new 

activities to prevent mother-to-child transmission in target areas. Principal Implementers: Voluntary Health 

Services, the Avert Society, Family Health International, Population Services International, Hindustan 

Latex Family Planning Promotion Trust, CARE, ORC Macro, and the Johns Hopkins University. 

Support Family Planning 

Support Family Planning ($14,840,000 CSH). USAID is establishing a network of private health care 

providers to provide high-quality reproductive health and family planning services. To promote healthy 

reproductive behaviors and decisions in its focal states, USAID is supporting health promotion campaigns 

that encourage a life cycle approach to reproductive health. USAID is funding at least five nongovernmental organizations in at least eight districts of Uttar Pradesh to provide information, 

commodities, and clinical reproductive health and family planning services. USAID is also expanding 

contraceptive method choice in nine cities of Uttar Pradesh, bringing the total to 18 cities with 13 million 

inhabitants. Principal Implementers: the State Innovations in Family Planning Services Project Agency, 

the Uttaranchal Health and Family Welfare Society, the Jharkhand Health Society, Futures Group, Abt 

Associates, ORC Macro, and CARE. 

FY 2007 Program 

SO: 386-014 Improved Health and Reduced Fertility in Targeted Areas of India 

Improve Child Survival, Health & Nutrition 

Improve Child Survival, Health, and Nutrition ($14,555,000 CSH). USAID will continue to implement the 

health system capacity enhancement activities, execute micronutrient programs, and support polio 

eradication. USAID will also conduct demonstrations, workshops, conferences, and consultations on 

matters related to urban health planning and service delivery. Principal Implementers: UNICEF, WHO, 

ORC Macro, and the CORE group of non-governmental organizations. 

Prevent & Control Infectious Diseases Of Major Importance 

Prevent and Control Infectious Diseases Of Major Importance ($6,185,000 CSH). USAID will expand 

model TB delivery and research in Tamil Nadu and DOTS delivery in Haryana. In addition to fighting TB, 

USAID will continue to support the objective of strengthening and expanding India's capacity to conduct 

surveillance of infectious diseases. Programs that link the private sector and the medical community to 

new TB diagnostic tools are planned. Principal Implementers Include: WHO and CDC. 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS 

Reduce Transmission and Impact Of HIV/AIDS ($16,335,000 CSH). USAID will expand HIV prevention 

and mitigation (in established target states and an additional high-prevalence state) by addressing special 

needs such as: AIDS-affected children, HIV surveillance, voluntary testing and counseling, and care and 

support. Principal Implementers: Voluntary Health Services, the Avert Society, Family Health 

International, Population Services International, Hindustan Latex Family Planning Promotion Trust, 

CARE, ORC Macro, and the Johns Hopkins University. 

Support Family Planning 

Support Family Planning ($11,291,000 CSH). USAID will continue activities to improve reproductive and 

child health services that promote healthy reproductive behaviors and decisions in its focal states. USAID 
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will also develop models for public-private sector engagement. Principal Implementers: the Uttar Pradesh 

State Innovations in Family Planning Services Project Agency, the Uttaranchal Health and Family Welfare 

Society, the Jharkhand Health Society, Futures Group, Abt Associates, and ORC Macro. 

FY 2006 Program 

SO: 386-015 Reduced Vulnerability to Disasters in High-Risk Areas 

Achieve Equitable Access to Quality Basic Education 

No FY 2006 funding is planned for this objective. New funding for activities will resume in FY 2007. 

FY 2007 Program 

SO: 386-015 Reduced Vulnerability to Disasters in High-Risk Areas 

Improve Emergency Preparedness & Disaster Mitigation 

Improve Emergency Preparedness & Disaster Mitigation ($500,000 DA). In FY 2007, USAID will build the 

capacity of government officials and local community members to prepare for and respond to disasters. 

One hundred and twenty key officials will be trained in disaster management with four new courses being 

offered at Indian institutions. Under a small grants program, Indian organizations will begin simple 

initiatives such as clearing drainage ditches, affixing furniture to walls and ceilings in homes and 

businesses, retrofitting community centers, setting up rain water harvesting structures, carrying out public 

awareness campaigns, holding workshops, or conducting studies. The program will continue to foster 

knowledge transfers between Indian and U.S. seismic experts, increasing India’s capacity to assess 

buildings’ vulnerabilities to earthquakes and to correct weaknesses. The use of enhanced climate 

forecast applications will improve India’s ability to forecast floods, cyclones, and extreme temperatures 

and issue early warnings to potential victims. USAID will work with the Government of India (GOI) to train 

appropriate entities (e.g., fire brigades) in search and rescue and emergency first response. USAID 

programs will provide technical assistance, training, and equipment to this effort. USAID-trained units will 

serve as models for further expansion of the GOI's capabilities throughout India. In 2007, USAID also 

plans to focus on institutionalization of systems, and replicability and expansion of program activities by 

national, state, and local governments and private entities. Principal Implementers: the United Nations 

Development Programme (UNDP), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Forest 

Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and International 

Resources Group. 

FY 2006 Program 

SO: 386-016 Improved Access to Clean Energy and Water in Selected States 

Expand & Improve Access To Economic & Social Infrastructure 

Expand and Improve Access To Economic and Social Infrastructure ($3,130,000 DA; $1,500,000 ESF). 

USAID is helping two Indian states prepare and adopt energy conservation strategies. USAID is 

collaborating with Indian officials to develop a national action plan for energy-conserving building codes 

and working with state agencies to incorporate enforcement and implementation strategies. USAID is 

establishing two centers of excellence for efficient lighting and electric motors. USAID will complete the 

design of four electricity distribution reform pilot projects and initiate two to three more. The first class of 

50 students in a USAID-sponsored MBA program in electricity distribution will graduate in September 

2006. USAID is training 2,500 participants and 50 instructors in modern electricity distribution. USAID is 

implementing pilot projects on agricultural water pumps and irrigation efficiency. A feasibility study and 

design for a municipal water reuse demonstration in a midsized city will be completed. Principal 

Implementers: PA Government Services, Inc., International Institute for Energy Conservation, CORE 

International, Inc., U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), U.S. Energy Association (USEA), and the U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 
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Improve Access To Clean Water & Sanitation 

Improve Access To Clean Water and Sanitation ($1,250,000 DA). USAID is promoting market-based 

financing programs in water and sanitation to implement urban infrastructure upgrades that improve 

access to basic services for the urban poor. This is being accomplished by providing technical assistance 

and training to local and state governments. USAID is building the capacity of local government officials 

to incorporate sound urban management practices in concert with the Government of India’s (GOI) 

National Urban Renewal Mission. The goal is to improve governance and access to basic infrastructure 

services in cities. A Development Credit Authority guarantee of $700,000 will mobilize resources from 

capital markets for investment in water, sanitation, and urban projects in small and medium municipalities. 

Principal Implementers: The Communities Group International and the Indian National Institute of Urban 

Affairs. 

Reduce, Prevent & Mitigate Pollution 

Reduce, Prevent, and Mitigate Pollution ($568,000 DA; $352,000 DA Prior Year Unobligated). Activities 

under the International Methane to Markets Partnership are being launched. USAID is developing sugar 

biomass power and promoting micro-hydro-electric projects in the state of Uttar Pradesh to reduce the 

impact of air pollution. Principal Implementers: Louis Berger International, U.S. Department of Energy, 

and Nexant, Inc. 

FY 2007 Program 

SO: 386-016 Improved Access to Clean Energy and Water in Selected States 

Expand & Improve Access To Economic & Social Infrastructure 

Expand and Improve Access To Economic and Social Infrastructure ($3,220,000 DA; $1,500,000 ESF). 

USAID will continue to make contributions to national power policy by improving operations, performance, 

and profitability of the country's power distribution sector. The water-energy nexus activity will continue to 

implement energy conservation activities. Principal Implementers: PA Government Services, Inc., 

International Institute for Energy Conservation, CORE International, Inc., USDA, USEA, and EPA. 

Improve Access To Clean Water & Sanitation 

Improve Access To Clean Water and Sanitation ($970,000 DA; $1,000,000 ESF). USAID will continue to 

provide technical assistance and training to managers of urban water and sanitation services, improving 

the operation and maintenance of existing networks and energy efficiency in municipal water pumping, 

storage, and distribution. Principal Implementers: The Communities Group International and the Indian 

National Institute of Urban Affairs. 

Reduce, Prevent & Mitigate Pollution 

Reduce, Prevent, and Mitigate Pollution ($1,000,000 DA). USAID plans to provide technical assistance to 

the National Thermal Power Corporation in the areas of: solid waste management (ash utilization); facility 

overhaul and maintenance manual completion; power station efficiency-monitoring software development; 

online power plant efficiency-monitoring software and hardware trials; and business plan collaboration. 

Principal Implementers: National Energy Technology Laboratory, Department of Energy, Nexant, Inc., 

EPA, and Ohio Supercomputing Center. 

FY 2006 Program 

SO: 386-017 Enhanced Opportunities for Vulnerable People 

Achieve Equitable Access to Quality Basic Education 
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Achieve Equitable Access to Quality Basic Education ($2,178,000 DA; $2,250,000 ESF; $30,000 DA Prior 

Year Unobligated). USAID activities are continuing to support the Government of India’s (GOI’s) 

"Education for All" goals of ensuring universal access to quality primary education. USAID is increasing 

the capacity of more than 100 local NGOs to place India’s most vulnerable children into formal schools. 

USAID is collaborating with state governments and NGOs to deploy interactive communications and 

information technology to help teachers teach difficult concepts and improve students’ learning. During 

FY 2006, USAID's education activities will benefit more than 13 million in-school and 28,000 out-of-school 

children. Approximately 160,800 teachers and 5,500 administrators will be trained, and 23 new grants will 

be awarded to NGOs to provide access to education for out-of-school children in target areas. Principal 

Implementers: the American Institutes for Research and the Education Development Center (EDC). 

Protect Human Rights 

Protect Human Rights ($326,000 DA; $200,000 ESF; $500,000 DA Prior Year Unobligated). In FY 2006, 

USAID is conducting legal counseling, workshops, and promotional outreach to improve 50,000 people’s 

understanding of human rights. The program is training judges and prosecutors in Karnataka and 

Rajasthan and medical officers in Karnataka on violence against women, allowing more effective 

prosecutions. USAID is expanding legal literacy training and strengthening the provision of legal services 

for community-based organizations that work with vulnerable groups. USAID is opening four additional 

counseling centers and strengthening the capacity of the 36 centers established in the last two years. The 

program is extending the outreach of paralegals and lawyers, introducing help desks in the state of 

Karnataka’s Family Courts, and ensuring the implementation of the laws related to sex-determination 

testing and sex-selective abortion in Rajasthan. The program is using community-based approaches to 

mitigate violence against women, including sex-selective abortion, in target communities. USAID is 

working on a Muslim Women’s Initiative that expands awareness in Muslim communities on women’s 

rights under religious and civil laws and creates a national network of Muslim women’s NGOs. USAID is 

also employing capacity building and technical assistance to support the advocacy efforts of 

WomenPowerConnect (WPC). This support will reinforce WPC’s efforts to implement the country’s new 

domestic violence law and its goal of reserving 33% of the seats in Parliament for women. Research on 

the widespread practice of aborting female fetuses will conclude and provide insights into the status of 

implementation and enforcement of laws regarding sex-selective abortions. Outreach to communities to 

raise awareness is underway. Principal Implementer: International Foundation for Elections Systems 

(IFES). 

FY 2007 Program 

SO: 386-017 Enhanced Opportunities for Vulnerable People 

Achieve Equitable Access to Quality Basic Education 

Achieve Equitable Access to Quality Basic Education ($2,000,000 DA; $1,730,000 ESF). USAID plans to 

continue to support the GOI's "Education for All" goals of ensuring universal access to quality primary 

education. USAID programs will increase the capacity of local NGOs to place India's most vulnerable 

children into formal schools. USAID will collaborate with state governments and NGOs to deploy 

interactive communications and information technology to help teachers teach difficult concepts and to 

improve students' learning. Principal Implementers: the American Institutes for Research, the United 

Nations Children's Fund, and EDC. 

Improve Quality of Workforce through Vocational/Technical Education 

Improve Quality of Workforce through Vocational/Technical Education ($500,000 ESF). USAID plans to 

start a new activity in FY 2007 that will bridge the gap between employer needs and the skill sets 

imparted by vocational training institutions. Efforts will target growing sectors of the economy -- ones that 

suffer from skill shortages and offer an array of jobs, some of which are suitable for less well educated 
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youth. Possible sectors might be construction (skilled workers such as masons and electricians are in 

very short supply), retail marketing, information technology, and rural banking. Opportunities to 

collaborate with the private and public sectors to advance new models of workplace skill provision and 

certification, particularly for poor urban Muslim students and urban migrants, will be explored. Principal 

Implementer: To Be Determined. 

Protect Human Rights 

Protect Human Rights ($374,000 DA; $270,000 ESF). USAID will continue to strengthen the 

establishment of legal aid/counseling centers for women. Training for community leaders, religious 

personnel, and formal legal sector personnel will expand. USAID will employ capacity building and 

technical assistance to reinforce WPC's efforts to implement the country's new domestic violence law and 

its goal of reserving 33% of the seats in Parliament for women. USAID plans to expand its program 

researching and analyzing issues relevant to women’s rights. The program will also conduct 

communications outreach to increase the knowledge and skills of justice system personnel in laws 

regarding violence against women, divorce and maintenance settlements, and women’s property rights. 

Principal Implementer: IFES. 
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Results Framework 

386-002 Reduced Fertility and Improved Reproductive Health in North India 

Program Title: Reproductive Health in North India 

386-013 Increased Transparency and Efficiency in the Allocation and Mobilization of Resources in 

Selected States 

Program Title: Economic Growth 

 13.1: Increased capacity of financial markets to conduct efficient allocation of resources 

 13.2: Increased capacity of and public support for state governments to strengthen fiscal discipline 

 13.3: Increased capacity of urban local governments to raise and allocate resources 

 13.4: Increased capacity of policy, technology and trade to improve farm and national level resource 

allocation 

386-014 Improved Health and Reduced Fertility in Targeted Areas of India 

Program Title: Improved Health and Reduced Fertility 

 14.1: Increased use of reproductive health and family planning services 

 14.2: Increased use of prevention, and care & support interventions to prevent/mitigate HIV/AIDS 

 14.3: Increased use of key child survival interventions 

 14.4: Increased use of key infectious disease interventions 

386-015 Reduced Vulnerability to Disasters in High-Risk Areas 

Program Title: Disaster Management Support 

 15.1: Increased community preparedness to mitigate and manage disasters 

 15.2: Improved capacity of public and private partners to meet critical needs of vulnerable groups in 

disaster situations 

386-016 Improved Access to Clean Energy and Water in Selected States 

Program Title: Environmental Protection 

 16.1: Improved power distribution in selected states 

 16.2: Improved groundwater management in selected states 

 16.3: Improved urban water availability and sanitation in selected states 

386-017 Enhanced Opportunities for Vulnerable People 

Program Title: Education/Equity 

 17.1: Improved access to quality education for vulnerable children 

 17.2: Increased access to justice for women 

 17.3: New and expanded social and economic opportunities for vulnerable people