2009 D e c i sion s O p inion s of the U nit e d S t at e s C our t of Appe al s for the Thir d C ir c uit 3-31-2009 

# U SA v . W reh T iew loh P r e c e de nt i al or N on-P r e c e de nt i al : N on-P r e c e de nt i al D ocke t N o . 08-2144

F o llow thi s and a dd it ion al work s at : http://d i git alc ommon s .l a w . vi ll anova . e du/thir dc ir c uit_2009

Thi s de c i sion i s br ou ght t o you for f r e e and ope n a c c e s s b y the O p inion s of the U nit e d S t at e s C our t of Appe al s for the Thir d C ir c uit at V i ll anova U nive r sity S choo l of L a

w Di git al Reposit ory

. It h as be e n a c c ept e d for inclusion in 2009 D e c i sion s b y an author i z e d a dmini s tr at or of V i ll anova U nive r sity S choo l of L a

w Di git al Reposit ory

. F or mor e inform at ion, p le as e c ont a ct Be n j amin . C arl s on@l a

w . vi ll anova . e du . Re c omme nde d C it at ion " U SA v . W r eh Tiew lo h" (2009). 2009 D e cisio n s . P ape r 1635. http://d i git alc ommon s .l a

w . vi ll anova . e du/thir dc ir c uit_2009/16351 NOT P RE CE DE NT I AL UN I TED STATES CO UR T OF A PP EALS F O R T H E T H IR D C IR C U IT N o. 08- 2144

____________ UNI TE D ST ATE S OF AM ERI CA

v . WRE H T I E WLOH , A ppel l ant

____________ APP EAL F ROM THE UNI TE D ST ATE S DI S TRI CT C OURT F O R T H E E A S T E R N D IS T R IC T O F P E N N S Y L V A N IA

( D . C . C r i m . N o. 2- 07- cr - 00249- 1) D i s t r i ctJ udge: H onor abl e J ames T. G i l es

____________ Subm i t t ed U nderT hi r d C i r cui tL . A . R . 34. 1( a)

M ar ch 3, 2009 B efore: B A R R Y , W E IS and R O T H , C i rcui tJudg es. Fi l ed on M ar ch 31, 2009

____________ OP I NI ON W E I S, C i r cui tJ udge.

O n Ja n u a ry1 8 , 2 0 0 7 , af ter b e in g a d v ise d th a t d e sp ite a d e tain e r a g a in st h im S a i t e Ti e wl o h h a d b e e n r e l e a s e d f r o m a c o u n t yj a i l , a U. S . I mmi g r a t i o n a n d Cu s t o ms2

E nfor cement( “I C E ”) agents ecur ed an a r r es tw arr antforT i ew l oh bas ed on i m m i gr at i on law v io latio n s. T h e f

o llo w in g d a y , IC E a g e n ts a ttem p ted to a p p re h e n d h im a t h is m ot her ’ s r es i dence . A s A gentM i chae l Paus i c knocke d on the fr ontdoor , he obs erved, t hr ough t he fr ontw i ndow of the r es i dence , defe ndantW r eh Ti ew l oh, the br otherof al i en Sai t e, s l eepi ng on a couc h. W hen A gentPaus i c announc ed “pol i ce, ” def endantw oke up, l oo ked att he ag ents t hroug h the w i nd ow , and proceed ed to w al k u p a fli gh tof st ai rs .

A gentPaus i c cont i nued t o knock on the fr ontdoor . A ft era mi nut e ort w o, ano t her m an, P ri nce Z uah , op ened the d oo r. A gen tP ausi c i nfo rm ed Z uah that he w as a fede r al agentw i t h an arr es tw arr antforan i ndi vi dual l i vi ng atthe r es i dence . Z uah r epl i ed, “okay , ” and tur ned t o t he s i de, al l ow i ng the I C E agent s t o ent erthe hous e.

A s t he I C E agent s ent er ed the hous e, defe ndantr eturned t o t he fr ontr oom and A gentPaus i c i nform ed hi m t hatI C E w as exec ut i ng an arr es tw arr antforan i ndi vi dual l i vi ng att he r es i dence . D efe ndantr epl i ed byi dent i fy i ng hi m s el f and t el l i ng A gentPaus i c thatI C E m i ghtbe l ooki ng forhi s br otherw ho, acc or di ng t o defe ndant , w as in c a rc e ra ted . W h ile A g e n t P a u sic a n d d e f e n d a n t w e re c o n v e rsin g , o th e r IC E a g e n ts exec ut ed a s ecur i t ys w eep of the r es i dence . D ur i ng the cour s e of the s w eep, fi r earm s and nar cot i cs w er e obs erved i n pl ai n vi ew . Phi l adel phi a nar cot i cs offi cer s w er e then not i fi ed, w h o o b tain e d a se a rc h w a rra n t an d a rre ste d d e f e n d a n t. A t th e tim e o f

th e ra id , S a ite (th e su b

jec t o f th e a rre st w a rra n t), w a s in sta te c u s to d y , a lth o u g h n o t in th e c o u n ty ja il w h e re th e im m ig ra tio n d e ta in e r h a d b e e n lo d g e d .3

H e had be en tr ans ferr ed fr om t he or i gi nal countyj ai l t o a di ffe r entj ai l on Sept ember1, 2 0 0 6 , an d , in a n a p p a re n t o v e rsig h t, IC E o f f icia ls w e re n o t n o tifie d . W h e n A g e n t P a u sic f o llo w e d u p o n th e d e tain e r o n Ja n u a ry1 8 , 2 0 0 7 , the o rig in a l jail e rro n e o u slyn o tifie d h im t hatSai t e had l i kel ybeen r el eas ed t o the s t r eet . A gentPaus i c l earned the i nacc ur acyof th a t in f o rm a tio n o n J a n u a ry 2 2 , 2 0 0 7 – th re e d a y s a f te r t h e d e f

e n d a n t w a s a rr e s te d . Fol l ow i ng t he deni al of hi s m ot i on t o s uppr es s , W r eh w as convi ct ed i n a j ur yt r i al of one c ountof pos s es s i on w i t h i nt entt o di s t r i but e fi ve gr ams orm or e of coca i ne bas e, i n vi ol at i on of 21 U . S. C . § 841( a) ( 1) , ( b) ( 1) ( B ) , and one c ountof p o s s e s s io n o f

a f ir e a rm in f

u rt h e ra n c e o f

d ru g tr a f

f ic k in g , in v io la tio n o f

1 8 U .S .C . § 9 2 4 (c). D efe ndanthas appea l ed, cont endi ng thatthe I C E agent s had nei t her p ro b a b le c a u se n o r su f

f icie n t re a so n to b e liev e th a t h is b ro th e r S a ite w a s p re se n t at h is m ot her ’ s hous e att he t i m e the arr es tw arr antw as exec ut ed. T her efor e, defe ndantar gues t hatt he evi dence s ei zed f r om t he home w as the frui tof an unl aw ful entr yand s houl d have b e e n s u p p re s s e d p u rs u a n t to W o n g S u n v . U n ite d S ta te s , 3 7 1 U .S . 4 7 1 , 4 8 4 -8 5 (1 9 6 3 ).

T he D i s t r i ctC our thel d a hea r i ng, r evi ew ed the ci r cumst ance s , and deni ed th e d e f e n d a n t’ s m o tio n to s u p p re s s . W e a g re e w ith th e D is tr ic t C o u rt ’s c o n c lu s io n . “[A ] n arr es tw arr antfounded on pr obabl e ca us e i m pl i ci t l ycarr i es w i t h i tthe l i m i t ed author i t yt o ent era dw el l i ng i n w hi ch the s us pectl i ves w hen ther e i s r eas on t o bel i eve the s us pecti s w i t hi n. ” Payt on v. N ew Y or k, 445 U . S. 573, 603 ( 1980) . W e have r evi ew ed4

t he r ecor d and, cons i der i ng t he t ot al i t yof the ci r cumst ance s w i t hi n t he know l edge of t he I CE a g e n t s h e r e , s e e Un i t e d S t a t e s v . Ve a l , 4 5 3 F . 3 d 1 6 4 , 1 6 7 - 6 8 ( 3 d Ci r . 2 0 0 6 ) ( we “cons i der‘ t he fa ct s and ci r cumst ance s w i t hi n t he know l edge of the l aw enfor cement a g e n ts, w h e n v iew e d in th e to tality ’” in d e ter m in in g w h e th e r th e P a yto n sta n d a rd is s a t i s f i e d ( q u o t i n g Un i t e d S t a t e s v . M a g l u t a , 4 4 F . 3 d 1 5 3 0 , 1 5 3 5 ( 1 1 t h Ci r . 1 9 9 5 ) ) ) , we fi nd t hatt her e w as r eas on t o bel i eve Sai t e Ti ew l oh w as w i t hi n hi s m other ’ s hous e w hen th e a rr e s t w a rr a n t w a s e x e c u te d .

A c c o rd in g ly, th e ju d g m e n t o f th e D is tr ic t C o u rt w ill b e a f f ir m e d .