UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 

## j JUN 05

## 2012

MEMORANDUM OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION


### SUBJECT: BEAD Chemical Profile for Registration Review: Kresoxim-methyl (129111) FROM: Carl Chen, Plant Pathologist**~ ~**  

### Biological Analysis Branch 

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# p**~** Rafael Prieto, Environmental

## Prote**~~ S'j;;~** **ialist** Science Information and Analysis Branch John Faulkner, Economist 

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# U) Biological and Economic Analysis Division (7503P) THRU: Arnet Jones, Chief /)_ · 

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### Diann Sims, Chief

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# ,n Timothy Kiely, Chief 

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# \r-6 Economic Analysis Branch Biological and Economic Analys· Division (7503P) TO: Katie Weyrauch, Chemical Review Manager Risk Management and Implementation Branch 5 Pesticide Re-evaluation Division (7508P) Product Review Panel date: May 23, 2012 

### INTRODUCTION The purpose ofthis document is to convey usage information and a broad overview ofthe pest management roles ofpesticides that are beginning to undergo registration review. The

### anticipated audience consists ofthe team ofEPA staffcurrently evaluating the registration status ofkresoxim-methyl, and eventually the general public. This document builds uponthe data already provided in the "Usage and Label Use DataPackages" that are also provided to Registration Reviewteams by BEAD. The document is based oninformation and data available to BEAD as ofMay 2012. Kresoxim-methyl is in a group ofQol (Quinone outside Inhibitors) fungicides with a mode of action targeting the Quinone 'outer' binding site ofthe cytochrome bel complex. This systemic fungicide also has protective and curative/eradicative effects (BC Agriculture, 2004). Kresoximmethyl is mainly used to control key diseases such as apple scab and powdery mildew. 

### COMMON FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION METHODS Kresoxim-methyl is formulated as water dispersible granules. 

### USE SITES Kresoxim-methyl was first registered in September 1998. This fungicide is registered for use on both agricultural sites and non-agricultural sites. Pome fruit, grapes, pecans, and cucurbit vegetables are main agricultural use sites. Ornamentals innursery and greenhouses are main non-agricultural use sites. 

### AGRICULTURAL USAGE From 2006-2010, based onprivate market pesticide usage data, kresoxim-methyl's annual agricultural usage averaged 30,000 pounds ofactive ingredient (A.I.) 

### treating an average of 250,000 acres. This implies an overall average application rate of0.12lb/acre. Forthe same time period, apples, wine grapes, and raisin grapes accounted for the largest percentage ofusage interms ofbothtotal pounds ofactive ingredient applied, and total area treated (TAT) as shown in Table 1. 

### Table 1. 

### Pounds AI 

### and TotalArea Treated (TAT) 

### with Kresoxim-methyl for Highest Use Crops Crop Pounds AI TAT Apples 45% 47% Wine Grapes 37% 34% Raisin Grapes 10% 10%Also during this time period, the states with the most agricultural usage both interms ofpounds AI. applied and interms ofTotal AreaTreated (TAT) are California, and New York. Table 2 gives a summary ofpercentages for this chemical'spounds AI. and Total Area Treated (TAT) for the years of2006to 20IO. 

### Table 2. 

### Pounds AI 

### and TotalArea Treated (TAT) 

### with Kresoxim-methyl for HighestUse States State Pounds AI TAT California 44% 42% New York 17% 17% Pennsylvania 8% 11% Michigan 8% 7% Washington 7% 6% Virginia 6% 7% Source: Proprietary data, 2006-2010 

### USE TRENDS Figure I depicts usage trends, interms ofpounds a.i. applied, for kresoxim-methyl's top crops. Overall, the chartbelow (Figure I) shows that the use ofkresoxim-methyl has widely fluctuated from I999 through 20IO, with an overall increase. (Proprietary data, I999-20IO) 

### Figure 1. Re orted Pounds ofKresoxim-meth 30,000

0 a-.· 0 

## .... N ('\') <::t IJ') 0"> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0"> 0 0 0 0 0 0 

# .... N N N N N N Year 1.0 

# " 00 0"> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N N N 

## '"" 0 

# .... 0 

## '"" - Apples

-.- Grapes, Wine**~Grapes,** Raisin**Other**

Otherrefers to (in order ofmagnitude): Pears, Table Grapes, Pecans, Watermelons, Pumpkins, Cantaloupes, Squash, and Almonds. Source: Proprietary Data, 1999-2010.Figure 2 (below) shows thatkresoxim-methyl's usage has fluctuated, with spikes (high usage) in 2003 and 2009, again with an overall increase inusage since 1999. 

### Figure 2. Total Re orted Pounds ofKresoxim-meth 

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### 8 0 N ...... 0 0 N
Source: Proprietary Data, 1999-2010. N 0 0 N N') 0 0 N**~** 

### 8 N 1.0 0 0 N Year 1.0 0 0 N

Kresoxim-methyl's Agricultural Usage by Crop Reporting District ...... 0 0 N 00 0 0 N 0\ 0 0 N 0

...... 0 N

Another measure ofusage is the use intensity. In this analysis, the use intensity is expressed as the pounds a.i. applied per acre ofland infarms. This differs from the application rate, which is expressed as the pounds a.i. applied pertreated acres. Figure 3 spatially represents kresoximmethyl's use intensity inthe U.S. Based onthis information, ands as similarly displayed on Table 2, areas onNew York, Pennsylvania, Michigan, North Carolina and Virginia are showing the most intense use ofkresoxim-methyl.

### Fig. 3. Kresoxim-Methyl Usage by Crop Reporting District (2006-2010)

Average Pounds Per 1.000 Acres of Farmland

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This is a map of agricultural pesticide usage at the Crop Reporting District (CRD) level. CRDs are boundaries created by USDA NASS which are aggregates ofcounties (USDA, 2010). Pesticide usage is displayed as average pounds (for the years 2006-2010) per 1,000 acres offarmland in a CRD to normalize for the variation in farmland between CRDs. Farmland acreage was obtained from USDA (2007). Usage is based on private market surveys ofpesticide use in agriculture (Proprietary Data, 2006-2010). The survey data are limited to the states that represent the top 80-90% ofacreage for the individual crops, therefore, use may be occurring in regions outside the scope ofthe survey. CRDs showing no usage of pesticides may be due to either the lack of pesticide use in the region or non-participation in the agricultural surveys. In addition, across the years, there may be variations in the specific crops included in the CRD survey. This may result in a lower annual average for the CRD. 

### NON-AGRICULTURAL USAGE Table 3 (below) describes kresoxim-methyl's non-agricultural usage on nursery/greenhouses. There has been a significant decrease inuse ofkresoxim-methyl onnursery/greenhouses since 2002.

### Table 3. Kresoxim-meth I 

### Usa eon Non-A ricultural Sites 2002 2004 239 139



### BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS RELEVANT TO KRESOXIM-METHYL Kresoxim-methyl is a Group 11 fungicide (FRAC, 2012). This group in general has a high risk inresistance development. Resistance is known in various fungal species including apple scab and powdery mildew on grapevine. These two maintarget fungal diseases ofkresoxim-methyl have a high and medium risk in resistance development, respectively (FRAC, 2012). They are main diseases ofpome fruit and grapes that may require a season-long control or a spray schedule with various fungicides includingkresoxim-methyl. Kresoxim-methyl is inthe same cross-resistance group with azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, andtrifloxystrobin for control ofgrape powderymildew (CaliforniaIPM, 2008) and should be managed accordingly (FRAC, 2012). The resistance managementpractices include alternating ortank-mixing kresoxim-methyl with a different group offungicides. 

### IDSTORY OF BEAD ASSESSMENTS FORKRESOXIM-METHYL There are no past BEAD assessments for kresoxim-methyl in BEAD's Official Records. 

### INFORMATION THAT MAY BE USEFUL FOR BEAD'S FUTURE WORK ON KRESOXIM-METHYL Obtaining additional information onthe following items would improve future BEAD
. assessments ofthe importance ofkresoxim-methyl and may berequired as part ofthe registration review ofthis pesticide. Usage information ofkresoxim-methyl on ornamentals since 2006. 

### REFERENCES BC Agriculture. 2004. Pesticide Info Sheet- Kresoxim-methyl. British Columbia, Ministry of Agriculture. http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca!pesticides/infosheets/kresoxim.pdf
. Accessed May 2012. California IPM, 2008. UC Pest Management Guidelines- Grape Powdery Mildew. UC IPM Online. http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/r302100311.html. Accessed May 2012. FRAC. 2012. Fungicide Resistance Action Committee. http://www.frac.info/frac/index.htm
. Accessed May 2012. KLINE 2002, 2004, 2006 Proprietary Data: 1999-2010, and 2006-2010.

### USDA, 2006-2010. NASS Crop Reporting Districts. Online: http://www.ers.usda.gov/briefing/arms/resourceregionslresourceregions.htm#nass
. USDA, 2007. Census ofAgriculture. Online: http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2007/index.asp
.