J-A12035-17

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

CHARLES E. PHILLIPS IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

Appellant

v.

GREGORY STONE, INDIVIDUALLY; 

SINCLAIR REALTY, INC., STONE & 

COMPANY AND WENDELL H. STONE 

COMPANY, INC.

Appellees No. 1481 WDA 2016

Appeal from the Order Entered September 6, 2016

In the Court of Common Pleas of Westmoreland County

Civil Division at No(s): 168 OF 2014

BEFORE: OLSON, SOLANO and RANSOM, JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.: FILED SEPTEMBER 25, 2017

Appellant, Charles E. Phillips, appeals from the order entered on 

September 6, 2016, granting the motion for summary judgment filed by 

Gregory Stone (Greg Stone), individually, Sinclair Realty, Inc., Stone & 

Company, and Wendell H. Stone Company, Inc. (referred to collectively as 

“Stone”) in this action for breach of contract. Upon careful consideration, we 

affirm in part, vacate in part, and remand for additional proceedings.

We set forth the facts and procedural history of this case as follows. 

On January 13, 2014, Appellant filed a complaint against Stone for breach of 

contract, alleging that the parties entered into an oral contract in July 2012 

whereby Appellant agreed to advance money for the construction of a 

building on property owned by Stone and that Stone would reimburse 
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Appellant for the money advanced. See Complaint, 1/13/2014, at 2, ¶ 7. 

Appellant alleged that his total investment for construction was 

$269,676.00, including interest incurred. Id. at 2, ¶ 9. Appellant conceded 

that Stone paid him $100,000.00, but avers that Stone still owes him 

$169,676.00. Id. at 2, ¶ 10. In paragraphs 11 through 16 of the 

complaint, Appellant further alleged that he was entitled to reimbursement 

for items and services provided to, or acquired by, Stone that were not 

related to construction expenditures. Id. at 2-4, ¶¶ 11-16. Finally, 

Appellant claimed that Stone stole a chandelier and dining room table set 

from him. Id. at 3-4, ¶ 17.1 

____________________________________________

1

 In its opinion supporting the grant of Stone’s motion for summary 

judgment, the trial court examined Appellant’s complaint in three distinct 

parts. In separate discussions, the trial court addressed Appellant’s claims 

relating to construction-related expenditures (found at paragraphs seven 

through 10 of Appellant’s complaint), allegations concerning reimbursement 

for items and services unrelated to construction expenses (set forth at 

paragraphs 11 through 16 of Appellant’ complaint), and averments relating 

to an alleged theft (found at paragraph 17 of Appellant’s complaint). On 

appeal, Appellant argues only that the trial court erred in granting summary 

judgment on those claims specifically pertaining to the construction of the 

building. See Appellant’s Brief at 9-11. Appellant does not challenge the 

trial court’s dismissal of his claims unrelated to construction expenditures 

and, thus, he has abandoned those issues. See Burrell Const. & Supply 

Co. v. Straub, 656 A.2d 529, 534 (Pa. Super. 1995) (failure to cite legal 

authority and lack of development of an argument results in waiver). 

Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s grant of summary judgment 

regarding claims unrelated to construction expenditures and confine our 

analysis to the claim pertaining to the erection of the building at issue. 

 
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The parties took the depositions of Appellant, Taylor Phillips 

(Appellant’s son), and Greg Stone. On May 13, 2016, Stone filed a motion 

for summary judgment alleging that Appellant failed to establish the 

necessary elements of a breach of contract action. Both parties filed briefs 

in support of their position and the trial court held oral argument. 

Thereafter, each party had an opportunity to submit additional 

documentation. Appellant filed an affidavit from Eve Phillips.2 Stone filed a 

response. 

____________________________________________

2

In the affidavit, Eve Phillips claims, “Mr. Stone stated on numerous 

occasions that [...] if [Appellant] would construct the building, Mr. Stone 

would pay for it.” Affidavit of Eve Phillips, 7/7/2016, at 1. The affidavit 

further states that:

Mr. Stone requested [that] items related to the construction of 

the building be presented to Mr. Stone and [his secretary]. Mr. 

Stone stated that he would pay [Appellant] what was due when 

the loan proceeds were available.

* * *

[...R]ather than paying the full amount due, Mr. Stone had [his 

secretary] issue a check for [$100,000.00], rather than the 

[$226,715.84], which at that time was the amount due.

* * *

Mr. Stone stated that the balance would be paid to [Appellant] in 

a week[;] that payment was never made.

Id. at 2-3.
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The trial court granted Stone’s motion for summary judgment in an 

opinion and order filed on September 6, 2016. This timely appeal resulted.3

On appeal, Appellant presents the following issues for our review:

1. Did the [t]rial [c]ourt commit an error of law when 

entering summary judgment for [Stone]?

2. Did the [t]rial [c]ourt abuse its discretion in granting 

summary judgment for [Stone]?

3. Are there questions of fact, including the admissions by 

[Stone] of the existence of a debt owed to [Appellant], 

creat[ing] a question of fact for the [j]ury[?]

Appellant’s Brief at 6.

Initially, we address Stone’s contention that Appellant’s brief fails to 

follow our rules of appellate procedure and is so deficient that it precludes 

our review. See Stone’s Brief at 5-8. Upon review, Appellant’s brief is 

underdeveloped, providing only four citations to legal authority pertaining to 

the rules of civil procedure governing summary judgment and our standard 

of review in such cases. See Appellant’s Brief at ii. For this reason, we 

could dismiss the appeal, but because we can discern the issue presented, 

we will address this appeal pursuant to our discretion under Pa.R.A.P. 

105(a). See AmerisourceBergen Corp. v. Does, 81 A.3d 921, 923 (Pa. 

____________________________________________

3

 Appellant filed a notice of appeal on September 30, 2016. On October 6, 

2016, the trial court ordered Appellant to file a concise statement of errors 

complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). Appellant complied 

timely on October 24, 2016. The trial court relied upon its opinion filed on 

September 6, 2016. 
J-A12035-17

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Super. 2013). “However, we caution counsel to adhere to the dictates of our 

rules of procedure in future practice before this Court.” Id. (citation 

omitted).

All of Appellant’s issues challenge the trial court’s grant of Stone’s 

motion for summary judgment and we adhere to the following standard of 

review:

Summary judgment is appropriate only in those cases where the 

record clearly demonstrates that there is no genuine issue of 

material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment 

as a matter of law. When considering a motion for summary 

judgment, the trial court must take all facts of record and 

reasonable inferences therefrom in a light most favorable to the 

non-moving party. In so doing, the trial court must resolve all 

doubts as to the existence of a genuine issue of material fact 

against the moving party, and, thus, may only grant summary 

judgment where the right to such judgment is clear and free 

from all doubt. On appellate review, then, an appellate court 

may reverse a grant of summary judgment if there has been an 

error of law or an abuse of discretion. But the issue as to 

whether there are no genuine issues as to any material fact 

presents a question of law, and therefore, on that question our 

standard of review is de novo. This means we need not defer to 

the determinations made by the lower tribunals. To the extent 

that this Court must resolve a question of law, we shall review 

the grant of summary judgment in the context of the entire 

record.

Feleccia v. Lackawanna College, 156 A.3d 1200, 1209 (Pa. Super. 2017) 

(citations and brackets omitted).

While Appellant presents three issues in his statement of questions 

presented, he essentially presents a single issue for our review. See

Appellant’s Brief at 9-11. Appellant argues that the trial court abused its 

discretion in granting Stone’s motion for summary judgment because there 
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were genuine issues of material fact regarding the existence of an oral 

contract. Id. at 9-10. Appellant avers that he agreed to advance 

construction expenses, Stone agreed to reimburse him for those expenses 

and Stone’s partial payment is evidence of the existence of the oral contract. 

Id. More specifically, Appellant contends that he set forth facts that Stone 

paid Appellant $100,000.00 and promised to pay the balance of the amount 

Appellant spent on construction within a week.4 Id. Thus, Appellant posits 

____________________________________________

4

 Appellant contends that he supplemented the record with an affidavit 

from Eve Phillips who claimed she heard the business dealings between 

Appellant and Stone. See Appellant’s Brief at 9. Upon review of the 

affidavit, we conclude that it was proper for the trial court to not consider it. 

An affidavit is defined as:

a statement in writing of a fact or facts, signed by the 

person making it, that either (1) is sworn to or affirmed 

before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths, or 

before a particular officer or individual designated by law as 

one before whom it may be taken, and officially certified to 

in the case of an officer under seal of office, or (2) is 

unsworn and contains a statement that it is made subject to 

the penalties of 18 Pa.C.S.[A.] § 4904 relating to unsworn 

falsification to authorities.

Pa.R.C.P. 76; see also Ackler v. Raymark Industries, Inc., 551 A.2d 

291, 295 (Pa. Super. 1988) (citation omitted) (“An affidavit is a formal 

written or printed voluntary ex parte statement sworn or affirmed to before 

an official authorized to take oaths.”). “Generally, affidavits must be 

executed by one who possesses personal knowledge of the facts alleged[.]” 

Ackler, 551 A.2d at 295. Here, the certified record contains two copies of 

an affidavit executed by Eve Phillips. Neither copy contains an oath by an 

official officer or a verification relating to unsworn falsification to authorities 

under 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 4904. The trial court gave Appellant an opportunity to 

file a notarized affidavit in response to Stone’s motion for summary 

judgment. Trial Court Opinion, 9/6/2016, at 1 (the trial court “gave each 

(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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that “Stone admitted [] liability by making partial payment and promising to 

pay the rest[.]” Id.

Here, the trial court completely failed to address Appellant’s contention 

that Stone paid him $100,000.00 towards their alleged contract, which 

amounted to an acknowledgement of the debt. Instead, the trial court 

concluded:

After a review of all the pleadings, and viewing the evidence in 

the light most favorable to [Appellant], it is evident that 

[Appellant] failed to provide sufficient evidence to raise a 

genuine issue of material fact as to the existence of a contract, 

which is a necessary element of a breach of contract action. 

[Stone’s] brief in support of motion for summary judgment 

points out contradictions between [Appellant’s] complaint and 

[Appellant’s] deposition testimony that support this finding. For 

(Footnote Continued) _______________________

[party] an opportunity to provide additional documentation, including a 

notarized affidavit from [Appellant] and response to said affidavit by 

[Stone].”). The certified record contains two identical copies of Eve Phillips’ 

affidavit. Although Stone filed a “reply to [Appellant’s] amended

affidavit[,]” there is no “amended” affidavit contained in the certified record. 

Thus, we are confined to review the only affidavit contained in the certified 

record. See Commonwealth v. Ross, 57 A.3d 85, 96 (Pa. Super. 2012). 

We remind Appellant “[i]t remains the appellant's responsibility to ensure 

that a complete record is produced for appeal.” Kessler v. Broder, 851 

A.2d 944, 950 (Pa. Super. 2004). Based upon all of the foregoing, the trial 

court properly disregarded Eve Phillips’ affidavit in ruling on Stone’s motion 

for summary judgment. See Al Hamilton Contracting Co. v. Cowder, 644 

A.2d 188, 190 (Pa. Super. 1994) (“The order of a trial court may be affirmed 

on appeal if it is correct on any legal ground or theory, regardless of the 

reason or theory adopted by the trial court.”). Nevertheless, as we shall 

explain, we are constrained to vacate summary judgment on Appellant’s 

construction reimbursement claim since the deposition testimony of 

Appellant and his son, Taylor Phillips, raises genuine issues of material fact 

regarding the existence of Stone’s promise to reimburse Appellant for 

construction expenditures, and breach of that commitment. 
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example, [Appellant] alleges that [Stone] agreed to reimburse 

those costs. Since there is no evidence that a contract existed, 

[Stone] is entitled to summary judgment.

Trial Court Opinion, 9/6/2016, (unpaginated) at *2. Upon review of the 

certified record, we disagree with the trial court’s assessment.

Here, at all times, Appellant has maintained that Stone’s payment of 

$100,000.00 showed Stone’s acknowledgment of the debt that resulted from 

their oral contract for construction. See Complaint, 1/13/2014, at 2 ¶ 10 

(“[Stone has] paid to [Appellant] toward the total debt $100,000.00, leaving 

a balance due on the money advanced by [Appellant] to [Stone] towards the 

above mentioned buildings of $169,676.00.”). In his deposition, Appellant 

testified consistently with this averment, stating that Stone paid 

$100,000.00 to Appellant after receiving construction invoices totaling 

$269,676.00. Deposition of Charles Phillips, 8/13/2014, at 34-35, 105. In 

addition, Appellant testified that Stone promised to pay the balance within a 

week.5 Id. Appellant’s son, Taylor Phillips testified similarly. See

____________________________________________

5

 The trial court determined that there was no evidence that Stone agreed 

to reimburse Appellant for construction expenses. However, Appellant 

testified:

Q: [...] Now, Paragraph 10 of the [c]omplaint [...] alleges that 

you and your son promised Mr. Stone that you would 

assume the costs of construction for this new building.

A: Right.

Q: [...] Are you denying that you and your son agreed to pay 

for the costs of the construction of this building?

(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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Deposition of Taylor Phillips, 8/13/2014, at 74-75. Taylor Phillips specifically 

rejected the suggestion that the $100,000.00 check from Stone was for the 

purchase of furniture or some other reason. Id. at 76. Instead, Taylor 

Phillips stated that the check from Stone came in response to Appellant’s 

submission of invoices for the costs of the building construction. Id. at 

78-81.

(Footnote Continued) _______________________

A: We were going to pay for the construction of the building, 

yes.

Q: [...] Is it your contention that Mr. Stone was going to pay 

you back for the money you spent building this building?

A: Yes.

Q: And on what basis do you assert that Mr. Stone was going 

to pay you back for this money you advanced? Did he 

agree to that up front?

A: Yes.

Deposition of Charles Phillips, 8/13/2014, at 90-92. Thereafter, Appellant 

testified that the form of Stone’s reimbursement may have changed from a 

cash repayment to the transfer of property or to the formation of a granite 

business partnership between the parties. Id. at 92. While this later 

testimony could have raised issues surrounding Appellant’s credibility, it 

does not support the entry of summary judgment, as the trial court 

determined, because Appellant’s testimony regarding Stone’s promise to 

reimburse construction-related expenditures offered an evidentiary basis for 

finding a valid oral agreement between the parties. It remained the 

factfinder’s responsibility to resolve conflicts in the evidence and determine 

whether a contract for reimbursement of construction expenses existed. As 

we will discuss infra, Appellant’s testimony coupled with the testimony that 

Stone paid Appellant $100,000.00 after receiving invoices for construction 

costs present compelling circumstances for allowing this case to proceed to 

trial. See Deposition of Taylor Phillips, 8/13/2014, at 74-81. 
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In its motion for summary judgment, Stone contended that Appellant 

“not only failed to aver how [Stone] allegedly breached the supposed oral 

agreement, but has produced no evidence that Greg Stone ever agreed to 

reimburse [Appellant] for the construction costs of the [n]ew [b]uilding.” 

Stone’s Motion for Summary Judgment, 5/13/2016, at 8. However, in its 

answer to the complaint, and in a subsequent amended answer, Stone

admitted to paying Appellant $100,000.00, but claimed the payment was not 

pursuant to a valid oral contract for construction. See Stone’s Answer and 

New Matter, 3/11/2014, at 3, ¶ 10; see also Stone’s Amended Answer, 

4/24/2014, at 3-4, ¶ 10. Instead, Stone maintained that the $100,000.00 

payment to Appellant was “for various furniture expenditures and other 

items related to the project.” See Stone’s Amended Answer, 4/24/2014, at 

3-4, ¶ 10.

“It is black letter law that in order to form an enforceable contract, 

there must be an offer, acceptance, consideration, or mutual meeting of the 

minds.” Walton v. Johnson, 66 A.3d 782, 786 (Pa. Super. 2013). “A 

breach of contract action involves: (1) the existence of a contract; (2) a 

breach of a duty imposed by the contract; and (3) damages. While every 

element must be pleaded specifically, it is axiomatic that a contract may be 

manifested orally, in writing, or as an inference from the acts and conduct of 

the parties.” Braun v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 24 A.3d 875, 896 (Pa. 

Super. 2011) (citation omitted). 
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We previously determined:

An implied contract arises where the parties agree upon the 

obligations to be incurred, but their intention, instead of being 

expressed in words, is inferred from their acts in the light of the 

surrounding circumstances.

Implied contracts arise under circumstances which, according to 

the ordinary course of dealing and the common understanding of 

men, show a mutual intention to contract. When ascertaining the 

intent of the parties, we must look to the outward and objective 

manifestations of the assent to enter into the contract. 

Dittman v. UPMC, 154 A.3d 318, 325–326 (Pa. Super. 2017) (internal 

citations and quotations omitted). “This court has recognized that there can 

be no more clear and unequivocal acknowledgement of a debt than 

payment.” Cole v. Lawrence, 701 A.2d 987, 990 (Pa. Super. 1997).

Here, Appellant testified that Stone agreed to reimburse construction 

expenses and it is undisputed that Stone paid Appellant $100,000.00. 

Appellant claims that said payment confirmed a valid oral contract for 

reimbursement and represented Stone’s tangible acknowledgment of that 

obligation. Stone admits that he paid Appellant $100,000.00, but claims it 

was for expenses unrelated to the construction of the building at issue. 

These contentions are squarely at odds and create an issue of material fact 

for a factfinder to determine. Accordingly, we vacate the portion of the 

order granting summary judgment as to Appellant’s claim that Stone 

breached a contract to reimburse Appellant for construction expenses. 

Because Appellant failed to preserve any other issues, we affirm the trial 
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court’s order insofar as it granted summary judgment as to the other claims 

in Appellant’s complaint. 

Order affirmed in part and vacated in part. Case remanded for 

additional proceedings. Jurisdiction relinquished.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 9/25/2017