UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

___________________________________ ) RYAN SHAPIRO, et al

. , ) ) Plaintiffs, ) )

v. ) Civil Action No. 13

- 0 555 (PLF) ) DEPARTMENT OF JUSTIC E
, ) ) Defendant. )

___________________________________ )

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

The claims presented in this case initially were brought in Shapiro v. Department

of Justice , Civil Action No. 12

- 1883 (BAH), within a thirteen

- count complaint challenging the

denials of numerous F reedom of Information Act ( “ FOIA ” ) requests as well as three discrete

FOIA

- related practices by the Department of Justice. On April 17, 2013, Judge Beryl A. Howell

issued a decision concluding that severance of the claims in that case , “which deal with twenty

unrelated FOIA/PA requests that are at varying stages of administrative processing,” was

“ appropriate ‘ to promote the eff icient administration of justice

. ’ ” Shapiro v. Department of

Justice , Civil Action No. 12

- 1883, at 6

- 7 (Apr. 17, 2013) (citing 4 J AMES W ILLIAM M OORE ET

AL ., M OORE ’ S F EDERAL P RACTICE § 21.05 (3d ed. 2013) )

. Judge Howell severed twelve of the

thir teen counts and ordered that they be dismissed unless the plaintiffs “refiled [them] in

appropriate separate actions.” Id

. at 7.

On April 24, 2013, p laintiffs refiled five of these claims in a new complaint,

th ereby initiating this case. In the ir new complaint, four plaintiffs seek an order directing the

FBI to provide the documents requested by each of them in their separate FOIA requests (Counts2 One through Four)

. Plaintiffs allege that each request was denied in whole or in part , or is

expected to be denied
, pursuant to the FBI’s blanket policy of considering requests for search

slips less than 25 years o ld to be exempt from disclosure under FOIA Exemption (b)(7)(E).

Compl. ¶ ¶ 15

- 16; id . ¶¶ 26, 29
, 31
, 37 , 48 (alleging application of blanket policy). Plaintiff s also

bring a facial challenge to this alleged policy (Count Five)

. Id . ¶¶ 59

- 65.

On June 12, 2013, the Court issue d an O rder directing plaintif fs to show cause

why Counts One through Four of their complaint sh ould not be severed from Count Five under

Rule 21 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure or dismissed. 1 Plaintiffs filed a response on

June 24, 2013, Dkt. No. 9, and a supplemen tal response on July 8, 2013

. Dkt. No. 10

. The

government responded on August 9, 2013, by filing a memorandum expressing its view s as to

why the se claims should be severed. Dkt. No. 15. The Court heard argument on the matter on

September 16, 2013

. Upon consideration of the argume nt s presented at oral argument and in the

parties’ papers, Judge Howell’ s decision, and the applicable r ules , the Court conclu des that

Counts One through Five are permissibly joined and that the interest of judicial economy weighs

against severance at this time. Coun sel for the government doe s not contest that the FBI’s search

slip policy is implicated in each of Counts One through Four , and i t appears that legal questions

re lating to th at alleged policy are l ikely to predominate over other issues in the case. Under such

circumstances, the denial s or reasonably anticipated denial s of plaintiffs’ FOIA requests on the

basis of the same blanket policy are fairly construed as a “series of transactions or occurrences”

under Rule 20 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure

. F ED

. R. C IV

. P . 20(a); see 7 C HARLES

A LAN W RIGHT ET AL ., F EDERAL P RACTICE AND P ROCEDURE § 1653
, at 415 (3d ed. 2001 ) (noting

1 Th e Order to Show Cause was issued by Chief Judge Richard W. Roberts. This case was reassigned to the undersigned on August 29, 2013.3 that Rule 20’s transaction requi rement is not a “rigid test,” but rather a “flexible concept[] used

by the courts to implement the purpose of Rule 20 and therefore [is] to be read as broadly as

possible whenever doing so is likely to promote judicial econom y”) ; Disparte v. Corporate Exec

.

Bd.
, 223 F.R.D. 7, 10 (D.D.C. 2004) ( “the impulse is toward entertaining the broadest possible

scope of action consistent with fairness to the parties ”) (internal quotation omitted). The Court

retains discretion to sever the claims at a later stage if i t appears that the claims may be trie d

more conveniently in separate actions. See F ED

. R. C IV

. P . 21; 7 W RIGHT ET AL

. §1653
, at 416

.
For the reasons set forth above, it is hereby

ORDERED that [ Dkt. No. 8] the Order to Show Cause issued by Chief Judge

Roberts is hereby DISCHARGED; and it is

FURTHER ORDERED that the parties shall meet and confer, and shall file a joint

report containing a proposed briefing schedule or, if the parties cannot agree, each side’s

proposed briefing s chedule on or before October 3 , 2013.

SO ORDERED.

/s/

___________________________ PAUL L. FRIEDMAN DATE: September 19, 2013 United States District Judge