PHNIP Country Health Statistical Report

Indonesia

March 2002

Population, Health and Nutrition Information Project 

600 13th Street, NW, Suite 710, Washington, DC 20005

E-mail: info@phnip.com
i

Table of Contents 

1. About the Report............................................................................................

ii

2. Country Profile................................................................................................ 1-7

I. Statistical Overview

• Demographic Indicators................................................................................ 1

• Socioeconomic Indicators............................................................................. 1

• Family Planning Indicators.......................................................................... 2

• Maternal Health Indicators........................................................................... 2

• Child Survival Indicators.............................................................................. 3

• HIV/AIDS Prevention Indicators.................................................................. 4

• Infectious Diseases Control Indicators....................................................... 4

II. Trends in Health Indicators

• Current and Projected Population by Age and Sex .................................

 (Figure 1 and Table 1.1)

5

• Population Estimates and Projections........................................................

 (Table 1.2)

5

• Estimated Total Fertility Rate per Woman.................................................

 (Figure 2 and Table 2)

6

• Infant Mortality Rates / Under-5 Mortality Rates ....................................

 (Figure 3 and Table 3)

6

• Vaccination Coverage (DPT3) Trends........................................................

 (Figure 4 and Table 4)

7

• Contraceptive Prevalence Rates - Married Women .................................

 (Figure 5 and Table 5)

7

3. Data Notes......................................................................................................... 8

4. Sources............................................................................................................... 12
ii

About the Report

Released March 2002

This report is one of a series of Country Health Statistical Reports produced by the Population, Health and Nutrition Information (PHNI) 

Project. Each profile contains statistical data on current health conditions, population dynamics, health and family planning behavior, 

and health and population trends in a given developing country. Information is compiled from PHNI's health statistics database, which 

draws data from a diverse range of sources listed at the end of this profile.

Hard copy editions of PHNI's profiles are available from our publications department. Reports will soon be available on the USAID 

Global Health Web site in Portable Document Format (.pdf). Any feedback you have on the content or presentation of this report would 

be greatly appreciated. We would also appreciate receiving any more recent, more accurate, or more representative information. 

Contact us at the following: 

The PHNI Project, a USAID project managed by Jorge Scientific Corporation, with The Futures Group International and John Snow, 

Inc., prepared this document under the Data for Decision Making Project (936 -3098.01), contract number HRN-C-00-00-00004-00, with 

the Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID).

Population, Health and Nutrition Information Project 

600 13th Street, NW, Suite 710 

Washington, DC 20005 

Phone: 202-393-9001 

Fax: 202-393-9019 

E-mail: info@phnip.com
1

I. Statistical Overview 

 *see data notes on page 8

Demographic Indicators

Indicator Value Data Unit Year Source

Total Population 228,437,872 2001 BUCEN - IDB-2000 

Population Growth Rate 1.6 % 2001 BUCEN - IDB-2000 

Percent Urban 39.8 % 1999 World Bank/WDI-2001 

Women, 15-19 10,910,976 2002 BUCEN - IDB-2000 

Women, 15-49 64,281,992 2002 BUCEN - IDB-2000 

Life Expectancy at Birth 68.3 2001 BUCEN - IDB-2000 

Crude Birth Rate 22.3 per 1,000 2001 BUCEN - IDB-2000 

Crude Death Rate 6.3 per 1,000 2001 BUCEN - IDB-2000 

Number of Live Births 5,085 000s 2001 BUCEN - IDB-2000 

Socioeconomic Indicators

Indicator Value Data Unit Year Source

GNI per Capita (PPP) 2,660 $ 1999 World Bank/WDI-2001 

Health Expenditure as Percentage of GDP 1.6 % 1990-1998 World Bank/WDI-2001 

Physicians per 1,000 People 0.17 1990-1998 World Bank/WDI-2001 

Adult Literacy Rate 86.3 % 1999 World Bank/WDI-2001 

Adult Literacy Rate, Female 81.3 % 1999 World Bank/WDI-2001 

Adult Literacy Rate, Male 91.5 % 1999 World Bank/WDI-2001 

Gross Enrollment Rate - Primary School 113.6 % 1997 UNESCO-2000 

Gender Parity Index - Net Enrollment Rate 0.96 1997 UNESCO-2000 

Access to an Improved Water Source (Rural) 65.0 % 2000 World Bank/WDI-2001 

Access to an Improved Water Source (Urban) 91.0 % 2000 World Bank/WDI-2001 

Access to Improved Sanitation Facilities (Rural) 52.0 % 2000 World Bank/WDI-2001 

Access to Improved Sanitation Facilities (Urban) 87.0 % 2000 World Bank/WDI-2001 
2

Family Planning Indicators

Indicator Value Data Unit Year Source

Total Fertility Rate (BUCEN) 2.6 2001 BUCEN - IDB-2000 

Total Fertility Rate (DHS) 2.8 1997 Indonesia DHS-1997 

Contraceptive Prevalence Rate, Modern Methods, All Women 51.2 % 1997 Indonesia DHS-1997 

Contraceptive Prevalence Rate, Modern Methods, Married Women 54.7 % 1997 Indonesia DHS-1997 

Median Age of Sexual Debut Among Women, Ages 25-49 19.6 1997 Indonesia DHS-1997 

Mean Ideal Family Size 2.9 1997 Indonesia DHS-1997 

Women 20-24 Who Gave Birth Before Age 20 31.4 % 1997 Indonesia DHS-1997 

Maternal Health Indicators

Indicator Value Data Unit Year Source

Maternal Mortality Ratio (DHS) Data Not Available 

Maternal Mortality Ratio (WHO/Hill) 472 Per 100,000 live births 1995 WHO/Hill-2001 

Antenatal Care (at least 1 visit) 92.8 % 1997 Indonesia DHS-1997 

Antenatal Care (2+ visits) 89.3 % 1997 Indonesia DHS-1997 

Antenatal Care (4+ visits) 71.2 % 1997 Indonesia DHS-1997 

Assisted Delivery by a Health Professional 49.1 % 1997 Indonesia DHS-1997 

Assisted Delivery by Doctor 7.0 % 1997 Indonesia DHS-1997 

Assisted Delivery by Other Health Professional 42.1 % 1997 Indonesia DHS-1997 
3

Child Survival Indicators

Indicator Value Data Unit Year Source

Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) and Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT)

ARI Treatment - Children Under 5 68.8 % 1997 Indonesia DHS-1997 

ORT Use Rate (ORS, RHS, or Increased Fluids) 72.5 % 1997 Indonesia DHS-1997 

Mortality Indicators

Infant Mortality Rate (BUCEN) 40 per 1,000 live births 2002 BUCEN - IDB-2000 

Infant Mortality Rate (DHS) 46 per 1,000 live births 1997 Indonesia DHS-1997 

Infant Mortality Rate, Females (BUCEN) 34 per 1,000 live births 2002 BUCEN - IDB-2000 

Infant Mortality Rate, Males (BUCEN) 45 per 1,000 live births 2002 BUCEN - IDB-2000 

Under-5 Mortality Rate (BUCEN) 53 per 1,000 live births 2001 BUCEN - IDB-2000 

Under-5 Mortality Rate (DHS) 58 per 1,000 live births 1997 Indonesia DHS-1997 

Nutrition Indicators

Exclusive Breastfeeding (under 4 mos.) 52.0 % 1997 Indonesia DHS-1997 

Exclusive Breastfeeding (under 6 mos.) 42.5 % 1997 Indonesia DHS-1997 

Stunted (height-for-age) Data Not Available 

Underweight (weight-for-age) Data Not Available 

Wasted (weight-for-height) Data Not Available 

Vaccination Coverage

DPT3 Vaccination Rate (WHO) 64.1 % 1997 WHO/Global Summary-2001 

Measles Vaccination Rate (WHO) 70.9 % 1997 WHO/Global Summary-2001 

Polio Vaccination Rate (WHO) 73.6 % 1997 WHO/Global Summary-2001 

Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination 54.2 % 1997 Indonesia DHS-1997 
4

HIV/AIDS Prevention Indicators

Indicator Value Data Unit Year Source

HIV Prevalence, Adults 0.05 % 1999 UNAIDS-2000 

HIV Prevalance, Females 15-24, High Estimates 0.04 % 1999 UNAIDS-2000 

HIV Prevalance, Females 15-24, Low Estimates 0.02 % 1999 UNAIDS-2000 

HIV Prevalence, Males 15-24, High Estimates 0.04 % 1999 UNAIDS-2000 

HIV Prevalence, Males 15-24, Low Estimates 0.01 % 1999 UNAIDS-2000 

Males Reporting Condom Use With Last Non-Regular Partner Data Not Available 

Females Reporting Condom Use With Last Non-Regular Partner Data Not Available 

Infectious Diseases Control Indicators

Indicator Value Data Unit Year Source

TB Incidence Rate 282 per 100,000 pop 1998 WHO/TB Control Report-2001 

Case Detection Rate 18.6 % 1998 WHO/TB Control Report-2001 

TB (DOTS) Treatment Success Rate 57.6 % 1998 WHO/TB Control Report-2001 

Malaria Data Not Available 
5

II. Trends in Health Indicators 

Figure 1: Current and Projected Population by Age and Sex (in thousands)

Table 1.1: Current and Projected Population by Age and Sex

Source: BUCEN - IDB 

TABLE 1.2: Population Estimates and Projections

Source: BUCEN - IDB 

Age Group Male - 2000 Male - 2020 Female - 2000 Female - 2020

0-4 12,272,367 11,456,121 11,834,016 10,990,243 

5-9 11,529,208 11,756,995 11,145,145 11,306,113 

10-14 11,130,527 12,080,430 10,804,442 11,646,445 

15-19 11,332,192 12,186,954 11,079,326 11,786,496 

20-24 11,231,583 11,998,845 11,060,036 11,658,294 

25-29 9,888,128 11,314,014 9,804,944 11,039,694 

30-34 9,070,768 10,889,640 8,965,427 10,683,660 

35-39 8,180,927 11,018,603 8,121,952 10,908,471 

40-44 7,292,156 10,825,060 7,247,796 10,813,786 

45-49 5,952,532 9,375,323 5,974,119 9,480,884 

50-54 3,770,394 8,352,708 3,962,187 8,517,679 

55-59 3,352,440 7,189,067 3,667,374 7,493,075 

60-64 2,818,874 5,946,948 3,241,660 6,367,821 

65-69 2,091,561 4,353,346 2,524,246 4,858,910 

70-74 1,266,163 2,325,606 1,605,987 2,835,893 

75-79 664,372 1,601,793 895,036 2,168,775 

80+ 391,172 1,396,887 615,153 2,363,797 

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

154,935,922 188,650,868 224,784,210 259,743,058 288,988,376
6

Figure 2: Estimated Total Fertility Rate per Woman

Table 2: Estimated Total Fertility Rate per Woman

Source: BUCEN - IDB 

Figure 3: Infant Mortality Rates / Under-5 Mortality Rates

Table 3: Infant Mortality Rates / Under-5 Mortality Rates

Source: BUCEN - IDB 2000

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

4.4 3.6 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.0

Indicator 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Infant Mortality Rate (BUCEN) 100 86 69 50 42 36 30 25 21

Under-5 Mortality Rate (BUCEN) 149 126 96 65 55 46 38 31 26
7

Figure 4: Vaccination Coverage (DPT3) Trends

Table 4: Vaccination Coverage (DPT3) Trends

Source: WHO/Global Summary 

Figure 5: Contraceptive Prevalence Rates, Modern Methods, Married Women 

Table 5: Contraceptive Prevalence Rates, Modern Methods, Married Women

Source: Indonesia DHS 

Ross/TFGI 

1985 1990 1995 2000

27.0 87.6 91.5 76.5

1980 1985 1987 1991 1994 1997

21.9 36.9 43.9 47.1 52.1 54.7
8

Data Notes 

 *Indicator definitions that differ from those in the data notes section are identified by footnotes accompanying the indicator tables.

Demographic Indicators

Socioeconomic Indicators

Total Population The number of people in a given area (i.e., country) in a particular time period (usually a midyear 

estimate). 

Population Growth Rate The average annual growth rate is the rate of natural increase in a population plus the net migration rate. 

The rate of natural increase is the difference between the birth rate and the death rate, but it is 

conventionally measured in percentage terms (per hundred rather than per thousand). 

Percent Urban The percentage of the midyear population living in areas defined as urban in each country and reported 

to the United Nations. 

Women, 15-19 The number of women between the ages of 15-19 in the midyear population. 

Women, 15-49 The number of women between the ages of 15-49 in the midyear population. 

Life Expectancy at Birth The average number of years that a person at age 0 will live if age -specific death rates remain constant. 

Life expectancy at birth is highly affected by rates of infant and child death. 

Crude Birth Rate The number of births per thousand of the population. The product of the number of live births, divided by 

the midpoint population, multiplied by 1,000. 

Crude Death Rate The number of deaths per thousand of the population. The product of the number of deaths divided by 

the midpoint population, multiplied by 1,000. 

Number of Live Births The number of live births, annually, within a country. 

GNI per Capita (PPP) The gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity (PPP) 

rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United 

States. 

Health Expenditure as 

Percentage of GDP 

Total health expenditures is the sum of public and private health expenditures figured as a percentage of 

a country's gross domestic product (GDP). It covers the provision of health services (preventive and 

curative), family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid designated for health but does 

not include provision of water and sanitation. 

Physicians per 1,000 

People 

Physicians are defined as graduates of any faculty or school of medicine who are working in the country 

in any medical field (practice, teaching, research). 

Adult Literacy Rate The percentage of people ages 15 and over who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple 

statement about their everyday life. 

Adult Literacy Rate, 

Female 

The percentage of women ages 15 and over who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple 

statement about their everyday life. 

Adult Literacy Rate, Male The percentage of men ages 15 and over who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple 

statement about their everyday life. 

Gross Enrollment Rate -

Primary School 

The number of children enrolled in primary school, expressed as a percentage of the total official primary 

school-aged population. Percentage may be over 100 due to children of older-than-typical age reentering primary school. 

Gender Parity Index - Net 

Enrollment Rate 

The ratio of the female-to-male net primary school enrollment rates measures progress towards gender 

equity in school attendance and the level of learning opportunities available for women in relation to 

those available to men. Calculation Method: Divide the female net primary school enrollment rate by the 

male net primary school enrollment rate. 

Access to an Improved 

Water Source (Rural) 

Access to an improved water source in rural areas. Refers to the percentage of the rural population with 

reasonable access to an adequate amount of water from an improved source, such as a household 

connection, public standpipe, borehole, protected well or spring, or rainwater collection. Unimproved 

sources include vendors, tanker trucks, and unprotected wells and springs. Reasonable access is 

defined as the availability of at least 20 liters a person a day from a source within one kilometer of the 
Family Planning Indicators

Maternal Health Indicators

dwelling. 

Access to an Improved 

Water Source (Urban) 

Access to an improved water source in urban areas. Refers to the percentage of the urban population 

with reasonable access to an adequate amount of water from an improved source, such as a household 

connection, public standpipe, borehole, protected well or spring, or rainwater collection. Unimproved 

sources include vendors, tanker trucks, and unprotected wells and springs. Reasonable access is 

defined as the availability of at least 20 liters a person a day from a source within one kilometer of the 

dwelling. 

Access to Improved 

Sanitation Facilities 

(Rural) 

Access to improved sanitation facilities in rural areas. Refers to the percentage of the rural population 

with access to at least adequate excreta disposal facilities (private or shared, but not public) that can 

effectively prevent human, animal, and insect contact with excreta. 

Access to Improved 

Sanitation Facilities 

(Urban) 

Access to improved sanitation facilities in urban areas. Refers to the percentage of the urban population 

with access to at least adequate excreta disposal facilities (private or shared, but not public) that can 

effectively prevent human, animal, and insect contact with excreta. 

Total Fertility Rate 

(BUCEN) 

The number of children a woman between ages 15-44 would have during her reproductive life, if, for all 

of her childbearing years she were to experience the age-specific birth rates for that given year. 

Total Fertility Rate (DHS) The number of children a woman between ages 15-49 would have during her lifetime if she were to bear 

children at the currently observed rates. 

Contraceptive Prevalence 

Rate, Modern Methods, 

All Women 

Percentage of all women ages 15-49 currently using a modern method of contraception. Modern 

methods include oral contraceptives, IUDs, injectables, female and male sterilization, all emergency 

contraception, and barrier methods (diaphragm, foam, jelly, male and female condom). 

Contraceptive Prevalence 

Rate, Modern Methods, 

Married Women 

Percent of currently married ages women 15-49 currently using a modern method of contraception. 

Modern methods include oral contraceptives, IUDs, injectables, female and male sterilization, all 

emergency contraception, and barrier methods (diaphragm, foam, jelly, male and female condom). 

Median Age of Sexual 

Debut Among Women, 

Ages 25-49 

Median age of first sexual intercourse for women ages 25-49. 

Mean Ideal Family Size Mean ideal number of children for all women, according to number of living children. 

Women 20-24 Who Gave 

Birth Before Age 20 

Percentage of women ages 20-24 who have already given birth or were pregnant with their first child 

before the age of 20. 

Maternal Mortality Ratio 

(DHS) 

The estimated number of women who die as a result of pregnancy or childbirth per 100,000 live births, 

arrived mostly through 'direct sisterhood method'. The use of information reported by a sibling is to 

expand the sample size and to compensate for the fact that the deceased are not available for interview. 

Maternal Mortality Ratio 

(WHO/Hill) 

The estimated number of women who die as a result of pregnancy or childbirth per 100,000 live births 

arrived through Hill et al., adjustment procedure depending on the nature of data used. 

Antenatal Care (at least 1 

visit) 

Percentage of women of reproductive age (15-49) who receive at least one antenatal care visit during 

pregnancy (in the three-year period preceding the survey). 

Antenatal Care (2+ visits) Percentage of women of reproductive age (15-49) who receive at least two antenatal care visits during 

pregnancy (in the three-year period preceding the survey). 

Antenatal Care (4+ visits) Percentage of women of reproductive age (15-49) who receive four or more antenatal care visits during 

pregnancy (in the three-year period preceding the survey). 

Assisted Delivery by a 

Health Professional 

The percentage of births/deliveries that occur with the assistance of any trained health professional 

during the five-year period preceding the survey. May include doctors, nurses, midwives, village health 

workers, or any other trained health professional. 

Assisted Delivery by 

Doctor 

The percentage of live births/deliveries that occur with the assistance of a doctor during the five-year 

period preceding the survey. 

Assisted Delivery by 

Other Health 

Professional 

The percentage of live births/deliveries that occur with the assistance of a nurse, midwife, village health 

worker, or any other trained health professional besides a doctor during the five-year period preceding 
Child Survival Indicators

HIV/AIDS Prevention Indicators

the survey. 

ARI Treatment - Children 

Under 5 

Percentage of children under five years who were ill with an acute respiratory infection (ARI), which is 

associated with cough, rapid breathing and a high fever,during the two weeks preceding the survey, and 

who were treated with specific remedies. 

ORT Use Rate (ORS, RHS, 

or Increased Fluids) 

Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT). Percentage of children under age 5 with diarrhea two weeks prior to 

survey who received increased fluids, oral rehydration solution (ORS) or recommended home solution 

(RHS). 

Infant Mortality Rate 

(BUCEN) 

The estimated annual number of deaths of infants under 12 months in a given year per 1,000 live births 

in that same year. 

Infant Mortality Rate 

(DHS) 

The estimated annual number of deaths of infants under 12 months in a given year per 1,000 live births 

in that same year (five-year period preceding survey). 

Infant Mortality Rate, 

Females (BUCEN) 

The estimated annual number of deaths of female infants under 12 months in a given year per 1,000 live 

births in that same year. 

Infant Mortality Rate, 

Males (BUCEN) 

The estimated annual number of of male infants under 12 months in a given year per 1,000 live births in 

that same year. 

Under-5 Mortality Rate 

(BUCEN) 

Annual number of deaths that occur in children 0-4 years old per 1,000 births. 

Under-5 Mortality Rate 

(DHS) 

Annual number of deaths that occur in children 0-4 years old per 1,000 births (five-year period preceding 

survey). 

Exclusive Breastfeeding 

(under 4 mos.) 

Percentage of children under 4 months exclusively breastfed. Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as 

providing no food or liquid other than breast milk to the child during the 24-hour period before the 

survey. 

Exclusive Breastfeeding 

(under 6 mos.) 

Percentage of children under 6 months exclusively breastfed. Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as 

providing no food or liquid other than breast milk to the child during the 24-hour period before the 

survey. 

Stunted (height-for-age) Percentage of children under age five whose height-for-age is below minus-two standard deviations from 

the median of the reference population. 

Underweight (weight-forage) 

Percentage of children under age five whose weight-for-age is below minus-two standard deviations 

from the median of the reference population. 

Wasted (weight-forheight) 

Percentage of children under age five whose weight-for-height is below minus-two standard deviations 

from the median of the reference population. 

DPT3 Vaccination Rate 

(WHO) 

Proportion of living children 12-23 months old who have received three complete doses of vaccines 

aginst diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus. 

Measles Vaccination Rate 

(WHO) 

Percentage of living children who have received one dose of MCV (fully immunized) against measles. 

Polio Vaccination Rate 

(WHO) 

Percentage of children receiving three doses of polio vaccine. 

Tetanus Toxoid 

Vaccination 

Percentage of pregnant women receiving two (or more) doses of tetanus toxoid (three-year period 

preceding survey). 

HIV Prevalence, Adults The estimated number of adults (ages 15-49) living with HIV/AIDS at the end of 1999 divided by the 

1999 adult population (ages 15–49). 

HIV Prevalance, Females 

15-24, High Estimates 

HIV prevalence, adolescent females 15-24 for high estimates. 

HIV Prevalance, Females 

15-24, Low Estimates 

HIV prevalence, adolescent females 15-24 for low estimates. 

HIV Prevalence, Males 15-

24, High Estimates 

HIV prevalence, adolescent males 15-24 for high estimates. 

HIV Prevalence, Males 15-

24, Low Estimates 

HIV prevalence, adolescent males 15-24 for low estimates. 
Infectious Diseases Control Indicators

Males Reporting Condom 

Use With Last NonRegular Partner 

Among men who have had sex in the last year, percentage who used condoms during their last sexual 

intercourse with a non-regular partner/non-cohabitating partner. 

Females Reporting 

Condom Use With Last 

Non-Regular Partner 

Among women who have had sex in the last year, percentage who used condoms during their last 

sexual intercourse with a non-regular partner/non-cohabitating partner. 

TB Incidence Rate Total number of TB cases (all types) estimated in a given period of time per 100,000 population. 

Case Detection Rate TB Case Detection Rate is defined as the percentage of the annual new smear-positive notifications of 

the estimated annual new smear-positive incidence. 

TB (DOTS) Treatment 

Success Rate 

The proportion of smear-positive patients who were cured plus the proportion who completed treatment. 

Malaria Reported number of cases of malaria during the year for which data reported. 
12

Statistical Sources For Indonesia 

BUCEN - IDB 2000 United States Census Bureau (BUCEN), International Programs Center. International 

Database. Web site revision dated October 2000. 

Indonesia DHS 1987 Central Bureau of Statistics, National Family Planning Coordinating Board, and Institute 

for Resource Development/Westinghouse. Indonesia National Contraceptive Prevalence 

Survey 1987. Columbia, MD: IRD, 1989. 

Indonesia DHS 1991 Central Bureau of Statistics, National Family Planning Coordinating Board, Ministry of 

Health and Macro International Inc. Indonesia: Demographic and Health Survey, 1991. 

Columbia, Md.: Macro International, Inc., Oct. 1992. 

Indonesia DHS 1994 Central Bureau of Statistics, Jakarta, Indonesia; State Ministry of Population/National 

Family Planning Coordinating Board, Jakarta, Indonesia; Ministry of Health, Jakarta, 

Indonesia, Macro International Inc., Calverton, MD USA. Indonesia Demographic and 

Indonesia DHS 1997 Central Bureau of Statistics, State Minisry of Population, Ministry of Health and Macro 

International, Inc. "Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey, 1997." Macro 

International, Calverton, MD; 1998 

Ross/TFGI 1999 Ross, John., Stover, John., Willard, Amy. Profiles for Family Planning and Reproductive 

Health Programs (116 Countries). The Futures Group International. Glastonbury, CT, 

1999. 

UNAIDS 2000 Report on the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic. June 2000. The Joint United Nations 

Programme on HIV/AIDS, Geneva. 

UNESCO 2000 UNESCO Education for All 2000 Assessment. United Nations Educational, Scientific and 

Cultural Organization, Paris. 

WHO/Global Summary 2001 WHO Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Monitoring System. 2001 Global Summary. World 

Health Organization, Geneva. 

WHO/Hill 2001 Kenneth Hill, Carla Abou Zahr & Tessa Wardlaw: Estimates of Maternal Mortality for 

1995. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, vol. 79, no. 3, 182-193, 2001. 

WHO/TB Control Report 2001 Global Tuberculosis Control, WHO Report 2000. World Health Organization, Geneva. 

World Bank/WDI 2001 World Bank Development Indicators 2001, CD-Rom. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 

2001.