1

USAID/Ghana 

Operational Plan 

FY 2006 

June 2, 2006 
2

Please Note: 

The attached RESULTS INFORMATION is from the FY 2006 Operational Plan and was assembled 

and analyzed by the country or USAID operating unit identified on the cover page. 

The Operational Plan is a "pre-decisional" USAID document and does not reflect results stemming 

from formal USAID review(s) of this document. 

Related document information can be obtained from: 

USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse 

8403 Colesville Road, Suite 210 

Silver Spring, MD 20910 

Telephone: (301) 562-0641 

Fax: (301) 588-7787 

Email: docorder@dec.cdie.org 

Internet: http://www.dec.org 

Portions released on or after July 1, 2006 
3

Program Performance Summary FY 2005: With a population of 23 million, Ghana is a strong proponent 

of democracy and possesses considerable growth potential - setting it apart from many other troubled 

countries in West Africa. Ghana’s democratic systems and economic policies are steadily developing 

within the “transformational development” context. The Government of Ghana (GoG) has advanced 

critical economic reforms needed to strengthen the economy and invigorate the private sector. Further, 

key development trends are positive: the poverty rate is around 35%, down from 52% in 1992; life 

expectancy, at 57 years, is among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa; HIV/AIDS prevalence is under 5%; 

and primary school enrollment is approaching 80%. 

Nonetheless, Ghana faces significant political, economic and socio-economic challenges. Inadequate 

separation of powers between the executive, legislature and judiciary branches as well as the lack of 

vigorous efforts to combat corruption are considered to be significant impediments to development. 

These concerns were again recently voiced by both the African Peer Review Forum and the 12th 

Consultative Group Meeting. The GoG’s efforts to decentralize fiscal and administrative authority are 

hampered by broad reluctance on the part of Accra-based officials to relinquish power. While the Gross 

Domestic Product (GDP) has been achieving a steady 5% growth rate, it must rise to 7% if Ghana is to 

meet its Millennium Development Goals. The business climate is still hampered by corruption, 

bureaucratic red tape and a lack of capacity among public officials. Increases in gold exports are partially 

offsetting recent setbacks in cocoa exports. Fuel-price increases and high international oil prices, as well 

as their knock-on effects are making it difficult to bring inflation under control, which currently stands at 

14-15%. In terms of overall quality of life, Ghana ranked 138 out of 177 countries on the 2005 United 

Nation’s Human Development Index. 

Ghana is a transformational development country, where USAID, with a set of four Strategic Objectives 

(SOs) and the PL-480 Title II Food for Peace (FFP) program, implement activities that directly contribute 

to USAID's overarching goal of "Equitable Economic Growth and Accelerated Poverty Reduction within a 

System of Sound Democratic Governance." USAID programs support Ghana’s ambitious Growth and 

Poverty Reduction Strategy (GPSR II) by: improving governance; promoting private sector growth; 

improving health; and enhancing educational opportunities. USAID’s activities align directly with the 

goals of the State-USAID Joint Strategic Plan and the Agency’s Strategic Framework for Africa, which 

include fostering a healthier, better educated, and more productive population and increasing the 

effectiveness of African institutions in promoting a vibrant private sector and democratic governance. The 

results of USAID interventions are also helping Ghana move toward meeting the 2015 Millennium 

Development Goals. 

Closed-out Strategic Objectives: Three Strategic Objectives were closed-out in FY 2005 and a summary 

of each report appears below. (For copies of the full reports, please contact the Development Experience 

Clearing House at docorder@dec.cdie.org or USAID/Ghana.) The closed-out SOs are as follows: (1) 

Increased Private Sector Growth (SO 641-001) was designed to increase trade and investment and 

further integrate Ghana's economy into world trading systems; (2) Increased Effectiveness of the Primary 

Education System (SO 641-002) worked to broaden access to quality education with an emphasis on 

primary school completion; and (3) Improved Family Health (SO 641-003) which took a broad-based 

approach to improving Ghana's basic health indicators. All program implementation activities for these 

three SOs ended on September 30, 2004, and thus no results are reported in this Annual Report. The 

Democracy and Governance SO was extended to March 2006; SO4 results are therefore captured in this 

report. 

Major Achievements: This was the first year of full project implementation under the six-year Country 

Strategic Plan (CSP) 2004-2010 and hence, with some conspicuous exceptions cited below, overall 

program achievements were relatively modest. PL-480 interventions continued to play an integral part of 

the program and contributed to the achievements of each technical sector. Specific achievements 

recorded are reported below. 

Democracy and Governance (SO4): Under its old DG SO, USAID continued to promote civic input into 

legislation before Parliament. Support was provided to the Parliamentary Research Centre to help 

produce issue papers and other short research pieces on key portions of legislation, which has led to 
4

increased Parliamentary oversight of the national budget. Following the 2004 elections, USAID facilitated 

orientation sessions for all 127 new members of Parliament (total membership: 230) and introduced them 

to techniques in parliamentary research. 

Democracy and Governance (SO5): Under its new DG SO, USAID provided important support to the 

national elections held in December 2004. Under the program's parliamentary component, USAID worked 

with GoG institutions and civil society organizations (CSOs) to increase the efficiency and transparency of 

the process. USAID support also helped to strengthen the credibility of the elections through CSO 

election monitoring exercises, facilitation of debates between candidates seeking election to Parliament, 

and efforts to encourage women to run for Parliament. Key election results included: a record 85% voter 

turnout; an increase in the number of female MPs 19 to 25; 55 MP candidate debates; and the 

introduction of tactile ballots enabling the blind to vote without assistance. A second program component 

seeks to increase the capacity of local government to respond to civic input and also increase the 

capacity of citizens and CSOs to provide such input. In support of this component USAID facilitated local 

government forums and citizen group consultations and worked with local governments to adopt new 

strategies to engage citizens. In addition, USAID helped 12 citizen group umbrella bodies to establish 

advocacy agendas. USAID leveraged conflict prevention funds to enter into a Global Development 

Alliance agreement to support the Northern Ghana Peace-Building Project, which seeks to reduce the 

frequency and severity of violent conflicts in the three northern regions of Ghana. All FY 2005 targets 

were met or exceeded targets. 

Economic Growth (SO6): Although activities only began full operation during FY 2005, results on nontraditional exports (NTEs) are estimated to have increased by 45% in 2005, and non-traditional 

agricultural exports (NTAEs) were up 23% as compared to the 2003 base year. Ghana has fared well on 

the two World Economic Forum indices for Growth Competitiveness and Macroeconomic Policy. These 

illustrate progress in implementing significant improvements to Ghana's business climate, some reforms 

of which, especially in macroeconomic and financial sector arenas, are partially due to USAID/Ghana 

policy reform programs. The number of Ghanaian horticultural exporters meeting EurepGAP and other 

destination country import standards increased by 9% during 2005, while the number of dues-paying 

members of business associations and smallholders assisted by USAID increased by 20%. All FY 2005 

performance targets were met except that for NTAEs and the number of firms meeting standards for 

export. In collaboration with this sector, the PL-480 Title II program supported nearly 16,000 rural 

producers to increase production and reduce post harvest losses of some major agricultural produce, and 

also enhance the productivity and marketing linkages of fruit tree crops such as mangoes and citrus for 

the export market. Annual yields of these major crops increased by 100% in targeted communities. 

Health (SO7): The USAID/Ghana health program addresses reproductive health, child survival, malaria 

prevention, and infectious diseases including, HIV/AIDS prevention and care as well as tuberculosis. 

USAID provided 1.2 million couple-years of protection to couples wishing to postpone or prevent 

unintended pregnancies. To reduce the under five mortality due to malaria, 505,000 insecticide treated 

nets were sold, which exceeded the original target of 480,000 nets. An HIV/AIDS prevalence rate among 

the adult general population is 3.1%, which exceeded the target of maintaining the rate at less than 4%. 

Nearly 300 health care providers were trained and mobilized to provide quality services. All will receive 

follow-up training in FY 2006. PL-480 activities contributed to Health SO goals transmission through care 

and support activities for People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs) and Orphans Vulnerable Children 

(OVC). Over 680 PLWHAs have received psychosocial counseling as part of a comprehensive care and 

support program through PL-480. Another component of the PL-480 program improved access to 

potable water (a major factor in improving health) in northern Ghana through the provision of 75 wells in 

70 Guinea worm prone communities. 

Primary Education (SO8): All FY 2005 targets related to improving school access and increasing 

educational quality were achieved. The Complementary Education Program established 300 training 

centers and placed 150 Community Support Teachers in rural communities. In addition, the pioneering 

Breakthrough to Literacy Program was expanded to cover 356 schools in 12 districts. An innovative 

"District Incentive Grant" mechanism was initiated, leading to a noticeable increase in participatory 

management practices and to greater reliance on community feedback in district level decision making 
5

related to education. USAID assistance helped to revive dormant school management committees 

(SMCs) and parent teacher associations (PTAs), and promoted the involvement of CSOs in the work of 

SMCs and PTAs. One particularly significant achievement for the SO during the year was the successful 

administration and analysis of the new National Education Assessment (NEA) which measures 

educational achievement nationally at the Grade 3 and Grade 6 levels. Under the SO's HIV/AIDS 

program 1,672 peer educators were trained and 9,951 school-level activities were organized by these 

peer educators. In addition, 8,968 teacher trainees were instructed in USAID's "Window of Hope" 

HIV/AIDS curriculum. Finally, it should be noted that the PL-480 program also contributed to the goals of 

the education program by helping to increase enrollments through a school feeding program in northern 

Ghana. Under this program 147,688 children in 967 primary schools were served hot lunches daily and a 

subgroup of 41,853 children also received take home rations. 

Global Development Alliances (GDAs) and Partnerships: USAID leveraged $4,108,422 million in FY 

2005 from GDAs and partnerships with non-traditional partners, primarily in the private sector. The most 

significant GDAs during FY 2005 include: Catholic Relief Services provided $828,422 and USAID 

provided $115,000 to reduce the frequency and severity of violent conflicts in the three northern regions 

of Ghana; under USAID's Development Credit Authority with the ECOBANK, approximately $3 million in 

loans were provided to small, medium and large enterprises in various export-promoting industries; and 

an alliance with Michigan State University provided technical assistance to producers and exporters to 

meet safety, quality and labor standards required by the international marketplace. In addition, USAID 

worked with Newmont Mining of the United States and Gold Fields from South Africa (who together have 

the rights to mine vast amounts of Ghana’s identified gold reserves) to develop a Memorandum of 

Understanding to: (a) improve the capacity of formal and informal local governance structures; (b) foster 

economic growth in local communities; and (c) design a stakeholder process for developing best practice 

principles for all mining industry players to follow in Ghana. 

 

Presidential Initiatives: USAID/Ghana responded to two Presidential Initiatives in FY 2005: 1) the 

Initiative to End Hunger in Africa (IEHA); and the Africa Education Initiative (AEI). Through IEHA, 

USAID/Ghana enhanced export competitiveness in the agricultural sector by: (a) integrating 1,785 

smallholder farmers into export supply chains; (b) providing technical assistance to 47 exporting firms to 

understand and adopt international standards for fresh and processed commodities and helping two 

additional firms to meet requirements for EurepGAP certification; (c) promoting the adoption of 

biotechnology innovations within the context of sound biosafety regulations; and (d) improving the 

enabling environment for trade and investment through support for a firm monetary policy, implementation 

of key financial sector reforms, research and national-level dialogue on land tenure reform, and improved 

trade data and agricultural information systems. The President’s Africa Education Initiative supported an 

innovative reading program in approximately 350 schools, helped approximately 15,000 rural out-ofschool children in their efforts to transition to formal school, and provided critical training to approximately 

10,700 teachers in FY 2005. 

Millennium Challenge Account: USAID/Ghana has provided assistance for selected analyses that 

support the objectives of the proposed Compact for Ghana. These efforts have included technical 

assistance to examine issues involving: (a) access to financial services; (b) infrastructure constraints in 

the horticultural industry; (c) international market prospects for selected horticultural commodities, and (d) 

supply chain profiles involving smallholders and exporting firms in selected geographic regions of the 

country. In addition, USAID/Ghana has provided assistance to the Millennium Challenge Corporation 

(MCC) team to undertake baseline surveys and land policy research. As co-chair for the Private Sector 

Donor group, USAID also facilitated opportunities for the MCC team to present various drafts of the 

Compact proposal to the donors for comments and to promote coordination between the MCC and other 

donors. 

Humanitarian Assistance: Through the PL-480 Title II program, USAID/Ghana responded to two national 

emergencies in FY 2005. In collaboration with Catholic Relief Services, food aid valued at nearly 

USD$260,000 was distributed in response to acute food shortages resulting from three poor harvests in 

succession. An estimated 12,000 hungry benefited from the assistance. In the second emergency, 

USAID collaborated with the World Food Program (WFP), United Nations High Commission for Refugees 
6

(UNCHR) and the National Catholic Secretariat in distributing 15 metric tons of wheat soya blend to an 

estimated 10,000 Togolese refugees in the Volta Region, who fled the recent political crisis in their 

country. 

Communication Strategy: USAID/Ghana is implementing a communication strategy to help Ghanaians to 

better understand the U.S. role in providing development and humanitarian assistance to build a safer, 

more prosperous world community. The strategy seeks to raise and strengthen public recognition and 

acceptance of USAID activities in Ghana, while increasing the general public's understanding of how US 

tax dollars are being used to alleviate poverty and improve living standards in Ghana and around the 

globe. 

Aid Effectiveness and Donor Coordination: USAID/Ghana is an active participant in the World Bank-led 

Consultative Group, the Multi-Donor Budget Support group, and a number of ad hoc sector groups 

dealing with health, agriculture, basic education, public financial management, and water. Sector 

committees meet on a regular basis to share information and lessons learned, with USAID leading groups 

focusing on private sector development, HIV/AIDS prevention, governance and parliamentary 

strengthening. In November 2005, USAID/Ghana, along with other donors and the GoG, signed an MOU 

that establishes a far-reaching set of policies on Partnerships and Harmonization. 

Overall, during this first year of full implementation under the new country strategic plan, USAID's 

programs in Ghana were successful in meeting or exceeding all but three of the performance targets set. 

This bodes well for FY 2006. For more information please access the USAID/Ghana website at 

<http://www.usaid.gov/missions/gh>. 
7

FY 2006 Program 

SO: 641-005 Democratic And Decentralized Governance Strengthened Through Civic Involvement 

Promote And Support Anti-Corruption Reforms 

Promote and Support Anti-Corruption Reforms ($500,000 prior-year DA). USAID will target opportunities 

to increase transparency and political will to combat corruption. USAID will also supports the Auditor 

General’s efforts to strengthen the system for registering assets, facilitate the Commission on Human 

Rights and Administrative Justice's (CHRAJ) efforts to build public support and understanding of the new 

conflict of interest regulation, and increase civil society’s activities aimed at promoting public scrutiny of 

public procurement. The impact of these activities will be a reduction in both high and low levels of 

corruption in Ghana. Principal contractors and grantees. to be determined. 

Strengthen Civil Society 

Strengthen Civil Society ($575,000 DA; $50,000 prior-year DA). USAID will build citizen groups’ capacity 

to advocate in 16 districts, supporting the creation of powerful alliances of existing associations of 

hairdressers, tailors, teachers, mothers, carpenters, farmers and youth that constructively engage local 

government to address issues of common concern. Citizen groups’ capacity will expand to include both 

discussing problems and engaging in concerns with local government, and working together with local 

governments to come up with creative and innovative ways to resolve local problems. USAID will also 

assisting citizen groups to establish advocacy agendas for their communities, focusing on issues of 

general interest to and that benefit a large proportion of the community such as issues of public safety, 

sanitation, education, and civic delinquency. The approach will focus on joint action and partnerships 

rather than simply making demands and will target marginalized groups, including Muslim communities, 

youth, and communities displaced, disrupted and otherwise affected by mining to promote inclusion, 

engagement, and corporate social responsibility. The program does not only reinforce decentralization, 

but also strengthens the impact of USAID’s gains in health, education, and economic growth. Principal 

contractors and grantees. The Cooperative League of the United States of America (CLUSA) (prime), 

Research Triangle Institute (RTI) and Education Development Center (EDC) (subs). 

Strengthen the Legislative Function/Legal Framework 

Strengthen the Legislative Function/Legal Framework ($742,000 DA). USAID focus on efforts on 1) 

improving the legislative processes and procedures by channeling technical assistance to a legislative 

counsel office to create opportunities for initiation of legislation by members of Parliament and improved 

quality of proposed amendments; 2) increasing Parliament’s access to civic input and research by 

assisting committees to conduct public hearings and strengthening the Parliament’s research capacity; 

and 3) strengthening Parliament’s capacity to review the national budget and engage on public finance 

issues by providing technical assistance for the development of a budget office within Parliament. This 

will create a platform for significant debate and exchange on key areas of public concern and improve 

Parliament’s oversight of the executive. Principal contractors and grantees. to be determined. 

Support Democratic Local Government & Decentralization 

Support Democratic Local Government and Decentralization ($575,000 DA; $50,000 prior-year DA). 

USAID will build the capacity of local governments to solicit and respond to civic input in 16 districts. This 

includes support for local citizen participation in development planning, budgeting, and other aspects of 

local government. USAID will assist local governments to develop policies that require citizen 

involvement in developing the budget, setting local fees and taxes, and holding public hearings prior to 

budget adoption. USAID will also support local efforts to adopt and publicize local ethics codes for local 

officials. Once local governments have received the necessary training and developed the necessary 

local policies, they will be in a better position to work with their communities. (Local governments will 
8

engender public trust, and public-private collaboration will be enhanced. Local government and 

communities will be able to identify their shared development goals and will increase local revenue by 

joining forces to collect revenue while also identifying possible new revenue streams). Principal 

contractors and grantees. Cooperative League of the USA (CLUSA) (prime), RTI and EDC (subs). 

FY 2007 Program 

SO: 641-005 Democratic And Decentralized Governance Strengthened Through Civic Involvement 

Strengthen Civil Society 

Strengthen Civil Society ($300,000 DA). USAID will continue to build citizen groups’ capacity to advocate 

for reforms and development by expanding efforts to 25 districts, creating powerful alliances of local 

associations to constructively engage local government to address issues of common concern. The 

activities will include assisting citizen groups to establish advocacy agendas for their community, and 

focusing on issues of general interest to and that benefit a large proportion of the community. The 

approach will focus on joint action and partnerships rather than simply making demands. Same 

implementers as FY 2006 

Strengthen the Legislative Function/Legal Framework 

Strengthen the Legislative Function/Legal Framework ($300,000 DA). USAID will continue to focus its 

efforts on improving the legislative processes and procedures; increasing Parliament’s access to civic 

input and research; and strengthening Parliament’s capacity to review the national budget and engage on 

public finance issues. These efforts will create a platform for significant debate and exchange on key 

areas of public concern and improve Parliament’s oversight of the executive. Principal contractors and 

grantees. to be determined. 

Support Democratic Local Government & Decentralization 

Support Democratic Local Government and Decentralization ($300,000 DA). USAID will continue to build 

the capacity of local government by expanding to a total of 25 districts, and will include the same 

technical areas as in FY 2006. USAID will further assist local governments to develop policies that require 

citizen involvement in developing the budget, setting local fees and taxes, and holding public hearings 

prior to budget adoption. USAID will continue to support local efforts to adopt and publicize local ethics 

codes for local officials. Same implementers as FY 2006. 

FY 2006 Program 

SO: 641-006 Competitiveness of Ghana's Private Sector in World Markets Increased 

Expand & Improve Access To Economic & Social Infrastructure 

Expand and Improve Access to Economic and Social Infrastructure ($778,000 DA): USAID will provide 

technical assistance and training to develop and implement a new gas regulatory framework for Ghana; 

promote reform of the legal and regulatory framework for information and communications technology 

(ICT) and develop innovative applications to improve market information for selected NTEs. Principal 

contractors and grantees: Chemonics, National Association of Regulatory Utilities Commissioners and 

University of Texas (primes). 

Improve Economic Policy and the Business Environment 

Improve Economic Policy and the Business Environment ($1,700,000 DA; $304,000 prior year DCA): 

USAID will support public and private sector institutions to analyze and implement policies related to 

macro-economic stability, trade, agriculture and labor policies to be more efficient, flexible and market-
9

friendly; conduct land tenure research for dialogues on policy reform; strengthen multi-donor dialogue on 

public-private policy; establish biosafety law to field test genetically modified crops; and provide long-term 

training of Ph.D. economists and M.A. degree agricultural specialists. Principal contractors and grantees: 

Chemonics, Institute for Statistical, Social and Economic Research (ISSER), International Food Policy 

Research Institute (IFPRI), University of Ghana (primes); The Services Group and International Business 

Initiatives (subs). 

Improve Private Sector Competitiveness 

Improve Private Sector Competitiveness ($1,250,000 DA). USAID will strengthen the capacity of smalland medium-size enterprises (SME) to trade and compete profitably in export and modern domestic 

markets by providing technical assistance to Ghanaian firms interested in local investment, joint ventures, 

and buyer-seller/mentoring relationships. USAID will support business development service providers 

who address export growth constraints. Principal contractors and grantees: Chemonics (prime) and Elan 

International (sub). 

Improve Sustainable Management Of Natural Resources & Biodiversity 

Improve Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and Biodiversity ($700,000 DA). USAID will 

support biodiversity conservation through a community-owned ecotourism activity and an agro-forestry 

program linked to cocoa production; sustainable land use practices among smallholders; and organic 

product exports to the European market. Principal contractors and grantees: Chemonics, Nature 

Conservation Research Center (NCRC) and Conservation International (primes). 

Increase Agricultural Sector Productivity 

Increase Agricultural Sector Productivity ($1,100,000 DA). USAID will integrate smallholder farmers into 

export supply chains; strengthen business associations and business development service (BDS) 

providers who address constraints to export growth; strengthen systems to improve agricultural input 

marketing; promote improved agricultural technology to increase farmer production; strengthen 

agribusiness partnerships between Ghanaian and developing country firms; and increase rural access to 

energy and information, communication and technology (ICT) services. Demonstration farms under the 

P.L. 480 program will train 19,000 farmers to utilize improved-high yielding seeds, facilitate access to 

inputs and agricultural extension services, and reduce post harvest losses in maize, rice, groundnuts, 

cowpea, soybean, citrus and mangoes. Principal contractors and grantees: Chemonics (prime); 

Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA)/P.L. 480; Opportunities Industrialization Centers 

International (OICI)/P.L. 480 and TechnoServe (subs). 

Increase Trade and Investment 

Increase Trade and Investment ($1,250,000 DA). USAID will provide technical assistance to private 

sector enterprises to meet regulatory and market driven trade quality, safety and health standards in the 

production and marketing of agriculture NTEs products for overseas and regional markets. Principal 

contractor and grantees: Chemonics (prime), Dexis Consulting Group and International Business 

Initiatives (subs). 

Strengthen The Financial Services Sector & Increase Access to Capital 

Strengthen the Financial Services Sector and Increase Access to Capital ($1,000,000 DA). USAID will 

support implementation of Ghana’s Financial Sector Strategic Plan (FinSSP) by providing technical 

assistance, through the support of two long-term advisors -- one to the Bank of Ghana and the other to 
10

the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning/Debt Management Unit. Principal contractor and 

grantees: Chemonics, Citizens International and U.S. Treasury (primes). 

FY 2007 Program 

SO: 641-006 Competitiveness of Ghana's Private Sector in World Markets Increased 

Expand & Improve Access To Economic & Social Infrastructure 

Expand and Improve Access to Economic and Social Infrastructure ($711,000 DA). USAID will continue 

supporting implementation of the gas regulatory framework and ICT applications to market information 

systems for selected NTEs. Same implementers as FY 2006. 

Improve Economic Policy and the Business Environment 

Improve Economic Policy and the Business Environment ($2,040,000 DA). USAID will continue to 

support the same policy reform agenda as in FY 2006. Same implementers as FY 2006. 

Improve Private Sector Competitiveness 

Improve Private Sector Competitiveness ($1,000,000 DA): USAID will continue strengthening the capacity 

of SMEs to compete in international markets, with additional emphasis on expanding linkages with local 

BDS providers and increasing the number of buyer-seller relationships. Same implementers as FY 2006. 

Improve Sustainable Management Of Natural Resources & Biodiversity 

Improve Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and Biodiversity ($700,000 DA): USAID will 

continue to support the same set of biodiversity and environmentally sustainable agricultural practice 

activities and organic exports. Same implementers as FY 2006. 

Increase Agricultural Sector Productivity 

Increase Agricultural Sector Productivity ($1,000,000 DA): USAID will continue to integrate smallholder 

farmers into export supply chains, but place more emphasis on strengthening producer organizations and 

BDS providers. The P.L. 480 program will continue to improve farming practices, reduce post harvest 

loss, and assist with the construction of local silos for food storage. Same implementers as FY 2006. 

Increase Trade and Investment 

Increase Trade and Investment ($1,200,000 DA). USAID will continue to support private sector 

enterprises as in FY 2006, although two or three regionally-traded NTE commodities will be added. 

Same implementers as FY 2006. 

Strengthen The Financial Services Sector & Increase Access to Capital 

Strengthen the Financial Services Sector and Increase Access to Capital (FSSP) ($900,000 DA). USAID 

will continue intensive support to Ghana’s FinSSP implementation Same implementers as FY 2006. 

FY 2006 Program 

SO: 641-007 Health Status Improved 
11

Improve Child Survival, Health & Nutrition 

Improve Child Survival, Health and Nutrition ($2,719,000 CSH). USAID, through the Community-based 

Health Planning and Services (CHPS) and the Ministry of Health (MoH), will complete health protocols, 

curricula, and training manuals. USAID will establish training sites in eight districts to offer pre-service 

training and upgrade four community health schools. USAID will continue malaria and breastfeeding 

interventions to reduce infant mortality. Principal contractors and grantees: Population Council (prime), 

Engender Health and American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM) (subs); Engender Health (prime), 

JHPIEGO and Abt Associates (subs); Academy for Educational Development (AED-Ghana Sustainable 

Change Program (GSCP) (prime), CARE, Exp-Momentum/Group Africa and Manoff Group (subs). 

Improve Maternal Health & Nutrition 

Improve Maternal Health and Nutrition ($1,900,000 CSH). USAID will support safe motherhood practices 

during delivery at the district level, especially in rural under-served areas, through training of health care 

providers, logistical support and facility rehabilitation. Principal contractors and grantees: Population 

Council (prime), Engender Health and ACNM (subs); AED-GSCP (prime), CARE (sub); and Engender 

Health (prime), JHPIEGO and Abt Associates (subs). 

Prevent & Control Infectious Diseases Of Major Importance 

Prevent and Control Infectious Diseases of Major Importance ($2,472,000 CSH). USAID will expand the 

Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) system, and promote socially-marketed 

insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). USAID will provide assistance to develop standards of care for HIV testing 

at tuberculosis (TB) service sites and for TB diagnosis for HIV-positive individuals. USAID will continue to 

assist the Government of Ghana (GoG) to coordinate the donor response in avian influenza 

preparedness planning and response. The P.L. 480 program will construct 67 wells and boreholes. 

Principal contractors and grantees: AED-GSCP (prime), AED-Netmark and Adventist Development and 

Relief Agency (ADRA)/P.L. 480 (subs); Engender Health (prime), John Hopkins University's JHPIEGO 

and Abt Associates (subs); and Population Council (prime), Engender Health and ACNM (subs). 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS 

educe Transmission and Impact of HIV/AIDS ($5,924,000 CSH). USAID will provide HIV prevention and 

sexually transmitted infections (STI) services to most-at-risk groups. USAID will support research on 

sero-prevalence and behavior mapping to refine interventions and identify additional locations for new 

interventions. To mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS, associations of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), 

and orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) groups will be organized to provide basic care and psychosocial support, food rations and/or educational support. Through the P.L. 480 program, 300 PLWHAs and 

OVC will receive training in care and support. USAID will complement a Global Fund-financed clinical 

program by developing and strengthening community-based activities around hospital sites to promote 

counseling and testing, and anti-retroviral treatment adherence. Principal contractors and grantees: 

AED-Strengthening HIV/AIDS Response Project (AED-SHARP) (prime), Opportunity Industrialization 

Center International (OICI)/P.L. 480, Catholic Relief Services (CRS)/P.L. 480 and Future Group 

International (subs); AED-GSCP (prime), CARE, and EXP-Momentum (subs); and John Snow, Inc. 

Support Family Planning 

Support Family Planning ($4,442,000 CSH). USAID will assist Ghana’s reproductive health program to 

disseminate, apply, and revise clinical standards, and monitor their use employing regional quality 

assurance teams. USAID will support the development of a communication strategy for family planning 

and reproductive health. USAID will strengthen social marketing of family planning aids and support 
12

advocacy skills to ensure adequate funding for health and poverty alleviation objectives within the GoG. 

Principal contractors and grantees: AED-GSCP (prime), EXP-Momentum (sub); Engender Health (prime), 

JHPIEGO and Abt Associates (subs); Population Council and John Snow, Inc. 

FY 2007 Program 

SO: 641-007 Health Status Improved 

Improve Child Survival, Health & Nutrition 

Improve Child Survival, Health and Nutrition ($2,950,000 CSH). USAID will continue to expand and 

strengthen community integrated management of childhood illnesses, and strengthen management 

information systems, operations research, monitoring and evaluation, and adherence to service delivery 

protocols. USAID will continue to prevent malaria and promote breastfeeding by expanding malaria, 

breastfeeding and complementary feeding interventions at both regional and district levels Same 

implementers as FY 2006. 

Improve Maternal Health & Nutrition 

Improve Maternal Health and Nutrition ($2,365,000 CSH). USAID will continue to provide technical 

assistance and related support to strengthen and expand malaria, STI, and HIV prevention and treatment 

programs targeted at pregnant women. Emergency obstetric care and life saving skills will be expanded. 

Same implementers as FY 2006 

Prevent & Control Infectious Diseases Of Major Importance 

Prevent and Control Infectious Diseases of Major Importance ($3,495,000 CSH). USAID will continue to 

support the MoH in implementing the new anti-malarial drug policy. Scale up of IDSR training will take 

place in all seven regions. USAID will intensify its community based malaria prevention efforts to include 

intermittent preventive treatment for pregnant women, bed-nets and general treatment promotion. TB 

control manuals will be revised; and health care providers will be trained to use the new guidelines. 

USAID will continue to strengthen Ghana's preparedness and response to new infectious diseases such 

as avian influenza. Same implementers as FY 2006 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS 

Reduce Transmission and Impact of HIV/AIDS ($5,933,000 CSH). USAID will continue to focus on 

reducing HIV/AIDS transmission; expanding treatment, including logistics and monitoring; and improving 

care and support of people infected and/or affected by HIV/AIDS. Same implementers as FY 2006. 

Support Family Planning 

Support Family Planning ($3,100,000 CSH). USAID will continue to provide technical assistance for 

quality family planning services, promote public and private marketing of family planning products, and 

provide limited commodity support; USAID will also implement a family planning campaign at regional and 

district levels and strengthen advocacy capacity for key decision-makers/traditional and faith-based 

organizations Same implementers as FY 2006 

All family planning assistance agreements will incorporate clauses that implement the President’s 

directive restoring the Mexico City Policy. 

FY 2006 Program 

SO: 641-008 Quality of and Access to Basic Education Improved 
13

Achieve Equitable Access to Quality Basic Education 

Achieve Equitable Access to Quality Basic Education ($15,864,000 DA). USAID’s efforts to improve the 

quality of basic education in Ghana will include activities aimed at increasing educational opportunities, 

especially for girls; improving the quality of instructional systems in primary schools within the education 

sector; improving management and accountability; and increasing advocacy for quality education. 

To increase educational opportunities, USAID will support the establishment of complementary education 

centers for school-age children, particularly girls, who for varying reasons, are unable to access and 

participate in the formal education system in northern Ghana. The goal will be to foster and facilitate the 

children’s successful transition to the formal education system. USAID will also help recruit high school 

graduates and retired professionals living in communities where a public school exists, but where there 

are an insufficient number of teachers to staff the school. Through the P.L. 480 program, approximately 

200,000 children will receive hot lunches to improve access to education in the three most food insecure 

regions in the country. This program will sustain and improve primary school attendance. 

To improve the quality of instructional systems in primary schools, USAID will initiate programs to ensure 

that the majority of children who enter and complete primary school are able to read with understanding. 

Funds from the Africa Education Initiative (AEI) will help improve reading comprehension through the 

adaptation and contextualization of the Breakthrough to Literacy (BTL) and Bridge to English (BTE) 

approaches. USAID also helps the Government of Ghana (GoG) in its efforts to develop a reliable 

standardized student assessment system through the Basic Education Comprehensive Assessment 

System (BECAS) initiative. Finally, USAID plans to assist the Government of Ghana assess the status 

and needs of Islamic education. 

To help improve the management and accountability of schools, USAID will provide incentive grants to 

districts to enhance planning and management at the local level to improve educational quality, especially 

reading. The Education program will collaborate with the Democracy and Governance program to assist 

communities in playing a greater role in the management and governance of schools through 

development of school performance improvement plans. Similar efforts promote dialogue between 

community, civil society groups, and Government of Ghana institutional structures on school budgets and 

their use. Principal contractors and grantees. Academy for Educational Development (AED), The 

Cooperative League of the USA (CLUSA), and Education Development Center (EDC) (primes). 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS 

Reduce Transmission and Impact of HIV/AIDS ($700,000 CSH; $300,000 DA). USAID will provide 

Ghanaian civil society organizations with small grants to provide school-based peer education and 

support activities aimed at HIV/AIDS prevention. USAID will also work with Government of Ghana to 

improve the HIV training activities targeted at teachers, so these role models are better prepared to 

address issues of HIV/AIDS in their schools, including improved ethical behavior on the part of teachers 

inside and outside of school. Principal grantee. World Education (prime) 

FY 2007 Program 

SO: 641-008 Quality of and Access to Basic Education Improved 

Achieve Equitable Access to Quality Basic Education 

Achieve Equitable Access to Quality Basic Education ($6,700,000 DA). USAID will continue in FY 2007 

to provide support for the expansion of educational opportunities, especially to girls in deprived 

communities of northern Ghana. The program will train up to 150 new community facilitators to provide 

literacy and numeracy instruction in 180 new complementary education centers. USAID will help alleviate 

perennial teacher shortages in northern Ghana by training, supporting and placing 100 support teachers 

recruited from local communities in understaffed schools. USAID will continue to work with the 
14

Government of Ghana to develop a print-based distance education program for untrained teachers, and if 

successful, USAID will provide support to Government of Ghana to upgrade the knowledge and skills and 

ensure the professional certification of approximately 5,000 teachers. The P.L. 480 program will target an 

additional 200,000 children to receive hot lunches, resulting in an increase in primary school attendance. 

USAID will continue its efforts to improve the instructional system in Ghana’s primary schools in FY 2007 

by using AEI funds to extend the BTL literacy instructional approach to eight additional districts by training 

approximately 3,400 teachers to implement the BTL approach in 1,130 schools. USAID will also initiate a 

Culture of Reading program which will use a social marketing approach to promote parental and 

community support and involvement in its literacy improvement program in schools. 

 

Under the management and accountability component, USAID will provide incentive grants to an 

additional eight districts to help District Education Office officials employ participatory planning methods to 

support local school improvement efforts. It is envisaged that approximately 500 officials will be trained in 

FY 2007. Activities under this component will also include capacity building support to approximately 100 

local government officials (from District Assemblies) and more than 10,000 School Management 

Committee (SMC) members. These activities will enhance accountability and transparency in the 

implementation of especially resource related decisions at the district and school level. Same 

implementers as FY 2006. 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS 

Reduce Transmission and Impact of HIV/AIDS ($700,000 CSH and $300,000 DA): USAID will continue 

to help Ghanaian civil society organizations provide school-based peer education and other community 

related initiatives to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS. Through the use of the Window of Hope (WoH) 

curriculum, teachers at the pre-service level will be trained to protect themselves from HIV and to 

effectively address issues related to HIV infection in their schools. It is envisaged that approximately 

8,700 pre-service teachers will be trained in the WoH curriculum in 2007. Same implementers as FY 

2006. 
15

Results Framework 

641-004 Public policy decisions better reflect civic input 

Program Title: Democracy and Governance 

 4.1: Enhanced effectiveness of Parliament to represent citizen interests 

 4.2: Improved effectiveness of local and national CSOs to influence policy 

 4.3: Local government decision making processes are more participatory 

 4.4: Increased citizen access to information for civic education and improved governance, transparency 

& accountability 

Discussion: For FY 2005, USAID is reporting only on the two SO level indicator linked to IR 4.1. These 

indicators support Strengthen the Legislative Function/Legal Framework program component. 

641-005 Democratic And Decentralized Governance Strengthened Through Civic Involvement 

Program Title: Strengthen Democratic Governance 

 5.1: Enhanced responsiveness of key governance institutions to citizens 

 5.2: Strengthened district assembly capacity for transparent and accountable governance 

 5.3: Improved sectoral advocacy performance 

Discussion: PMP for SO5 last updated in October 2005. The DG team is not reporting against the SO 

level indicators this year because this is the first year of active programs under SO5. For this reason, IR 

level indicators were identified as ones best suited to measure progress in the first year. At present, the 

SO is supporting activities related to IRs 5.2 and 5.3. Activities related to IR 5.1 are slated to begin in 

early FY 2006. 

641-006 Competitiveness of Ghana's Private Sector in World Markets Increased 

Program Title: Increased Private Sector Competitiveness 

 6.1: Enabling Environment for Private Sector Improved 

 6.1.1: Selected Macro, Trade and Sectoral Policies Improved 

 6.1.2: More Effective Public Administration of Policies and Regulations 

 6.1.3: Public-Private Dialogue on Policy and Regulatory Reforms Strengthened 

 6.2: Private Sector Capacity to Compete in Selected Industries and Subsectors Strengthened 

 6.2.1: Capacity of Enterprises and Smallholders to Access Foreign Markets Improved 

 6.2.2: Capacity of Small and Smallholders to Respond to Market Demand Increased 

 6.2.3: Business Entities Provide Effective Services 

 6.3: Construction and Maintenance of Economic Infrastructure Enhanced (other DPs) 

 6.4: Integration of Ghana into Regional Systems Increased (WARP and other DPs) 

Discussion: The set of SO-level indicators we intend to report on has been changed from what we 

proposed in the Country Srategic Plan that was approved in July 2003 and the IEHA Action Plan that was 

approved in April 2004. This is because we did not finalize our PMP until midway through 2005. For 

example, we can not report on the share of Ghana's non-traditional agricultural exports (NTAEs) and 

world agricultural exports on a timely basis becasue the Food and Agriculture Organization does not 

publish the figures for a given year until well into the following year. As an alternative therefore, we will 

report on the US$ figure of NTAEs (as well as non-traditional exports, or NTEs). Further, we have 

decided to drop the export diversification indicator for Ghana (non-traditioal exports compared to total 

exports) because it is too voltile and is highly dependent on the world prices of gold and cocoa which are 

likely to vary widely over the strategy period (this makes the denominator of the ratio highly unstable). 

We have retained the Growth Competitiveness Index from the Davos World Economic Forum because 

data for Ghana has been included in the set of countries surveyed since 2004. 
16

641-007 Health Status Improved 

Program Title: Improve Health Status 

 7.1: Individuals and communities empowered to adopt positive health practices 

 7.2: Access to health services expanded 

 7.3: Quality of health services improved 

 7.4: Institutional capacity to plan and manage programs strengthened 

641-008 Quality of and Access to Basic Education Improved 

Program Title: Improve Quality of and Access to Basic Education 

 8.1: Increased educational opportunities for girls in underserved areas 

 8.2: Improved instructional system 

 8.3: Improved management and accountability 

 8.4: Increased community advocacy for and contribution to quality education 

 8.5: Improved HIV/AIDS prevention in the education sector