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USAID/Burundi 

Operational Plan 

FY 2006 

June 2, 2006 
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Please Note: 

The attached RESULTS INFORMATION is from the FY 2006 Operational Plan and was assembled 

and analyzed by the country or USAID operating unit identified on the cover page. 

The Operational Plan is a "pre-decisional" USAID document and does not reflect results stemming 

from formal USAID review(s) of this document. 

Related document information can be obtained from: 

USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse 

8403 Colesville Road, Suite 210 

Silver Spring, MD 20910 

Telephone: (301) 562-0641 

Fax: (301) 588-7787 

Email: docorder@dec.cdie.org 

Internet: http://www.dec.org 

Portions released on or after July 1, 2006 
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Program Performance Summary FY 2005: In 2005, Burundi completed the transition mandated by the 

2000 Arusha Peace and Reconciliation Accords with five rounds of national elections that were praised by 

the international community as a model on the African continent. The Arusha Accords marked the end of 

hostilities between most of the combatants in a conflict that began in 1993 and left over 300,000 dead 

and over a million refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) in a country of 7 million. Despite 

initial delays in the electoral calendar and isolated incidents of violence early in the election cycle, this 

year’s elections were largely peaceful, and brought the former rebel movement National Council for the 

Defense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD) to power with an 

overwhelming mandate to consolidate the peace and begin the work of reconciliation and reform the 

country so desperately needs. 

The new government is taking over the leadership of a country that remains extremely fragile in many 

respects. Past governments have entrenched a culture of self-interest among political leaders, who have 

pursued their own individual, family, regional and ethnic interests at the expense of their constituents. 

Once obtained, political power has been defended by all means necessary, including by exploiting ethnic 

fears and hatred. This autocratic history has bequeathed Burundi with an electorate with little experience 

of participatory or accountable government and one that remains deeply skeptical of the motives and 

capabilities of the political class. Twelve years of near-constant conflict have devastated the Burundian 

economy; between 1993 and 2003 the percentage of Burundians living below the poverty line rose from 

40% to 58%, and an estimated 68% of the population is undernourished. While food security is key to 

stabilization and recovery in Burundi, agricultural yields have fallen despite widespread agricultural 

production, due to years of conflict, degradation of land quality, low levels of agricultural productivity, 

chronic droughts and crop diseases. Few off-farm economic opportunities are available, and private 

sector growth is hampered by an absence of sound financial policies and systems. The war has also 

taken a toll on the provision of essential services; the Burundian government has been unable to provide 

basic services to much of its population since 1993. As a result, health indicators have regressed to 

alarming levels; life expectancy, which averaged 55 years in 1993, had fallen to 43.6 years by 2003. 

Maternal mortality rates are among the highest in the world, and HIV/AIDS prevalence rates, which 

currently stand at 6%, are the third-highest in the East-Central African region. 

Under Burundi’s 2003-2005 Interim Strategic Plan (ISP), USAID’s program supported Burundian 

initiatives to address these social and economic constraints. While donors such as the European Union, 

France and Belgium focused on providing budgetary support and/or debt relief, and other donors such as 

the World Bank, Germany and the Netherlands supported the demobilization process, USAID focused on 

building the foundations for accountable governance, reconciliation, economic recovery and improved 

service provision from the ground up. USAID partners focused on interventions at the community level, 

and built local constituencies for peace and reconciliation, strengthened Burundian civil society networks 

and advocacy skills, improved the ability of communities to address food insecurity, supported increased 

opportunities for socially and environmentally sustainable livelihoods in rural areas, improved the delivery 

of basic services such as health services, water and sanitation in targeted communities, and 

strengthened the ability of Burundian organizations to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS and care for those 

afflicted by the pandemic. These activities have directly served the U.S. Government priorities of helping 

Burundians arrive at a just and durable solution to the civil war, and achieve viable economic prosperity 

and poverty reduction through improved worker productivity. Worker productivity has been improved 

through activities that have served U.S. interests in mitigating the effects of HIV/AIDS and malaria and 

promoting community-based livelihood security. 

Challenges: Burundi’s greatest challenge over the two years ahead will be to move on from the historic 

elections of 2005 to begin the difficult process of consolidating the peace and enacting reforms that can 

provide a framework for increased stability. While this year’s elections represent a major step toward 

peace and stability, one rebel movement, the National Liberation Forces (FNL), remains active in five of 

Burundi’s 17 provinces, and ongoing violence continues to displace residents of these areas on a regular 

basis, placing them at increased risk of physical and food insecurity. 

The newly-elected government is in many cases lacking any previous experience in governance and has 

inherited a treasury that has been picked clean by the predations of its predecessors. The corruption, 
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cronyism and ethnic favoritism of previous regimes have entrenched economic and ethnic inequality that 

have fueled the continual cycles of interethnic violence and retribution which have characterized 

Burundi’s post-independence history. These cycles of violence have left behind a polarized population 

suffused with mutual suspicion and mistrust. 

Burundi’s population growth rates, currently estimated to be 3.4%, make continued dependence on 

subsistence farming untenable. In addition, Burundi faces the challenge of reintegrating an estimated 

48,000 refugees that have returned from Tanzania and 14,314 combatants demobilized over the first nine 

months of 2005. The increasing pressure on land has already proved to be a ready trigger for conflict; it 

is estimated that 80% of disputes submitted to Burundian courts relate to land. Agricultural production 

and food security have also been decimated by chronic droughts and crop diseases such as cassava 

mosaic. While the World Food Programme (WFP) and other partners have distributed USAID Food for 

Peace commodities in response to emergencies, more durable food security depends on the distribution 

and use of improved and ecologically sustainable agricultural inputs and practices. Over the longer term, 

economic recovery and sustainable peace demand that the government roll back its monopolistic control 

of the economy and initiate reform of Burundi’s outdated, corrupt and inefficient economic institutions. 

Economic and social recovery will also depend on the ability of the Burundian government to repair its 

health infrastructure. Malaria and HIV/AIDS have devastated the economic and food security of 

thousands of Burundian families, as family members become sick and are no longer able to cultivate their 

fields. HIV/AIDS rates have increased to as much as 16% in some areas, and may rise further as 

returning refugees and ex-combatants are reintegrated into communities throughout the country. Over 

the past two years, USAID programming has addressed these challenges at the community level; over 

the next two years USAID will seize the opportunity presented by the election of the new government to 

build its capacity to work with communities and civil society to build frameworks for more accountable, 

inclusive governance, economic recovery and improved service provision. 

Key Achievements: FY 2005 was marked by free and fair elections carried out at commune, legislative, 

presidential and hillside levels. The elections permitted the U.S. State Department to lift the Section 508 

sanctions that had barred U.S. direct assistance to the Government of Burundi. This has enabled the 

design and start-up of new activities that will work with the new government to set priorities for reform, to 

engage with civil society to define and implement reforms, and to improve the delivery of essential 

services in targeted provinces. Increasing security throughout most of Burundi improved access that 

allowed for better implementation and monitoring of activities. USAID had notable achievements in all of 

its objectives as it began the process of drafting a new strategy to reflect not only the Agency's new 

strategic approach toward fragile states, but also to incorporate new activities to support the initiatives of 

the newly elected government and that have been made possible through the lifting of Section 508 

restrictions. Improving access to Burundi allowed for the development of a Performance Monitoring Plan 

(PMP) to measure results; a new PMP will be developed in accordance with the approval of the new 

Burundi Strategy in early 2006. 

Good Governance Enhanced: USAID programs in this sector focused on continuing support for the 

peace process mandated by the Arusha Accords, with a particular emphasis this year on support for the 

electoral process, and impressive results were achieved. USAID funding enabled the training of over 

30,000 poll officials who administered the four rounds of successful direct elections held in 2005. In 

addition to technical support to the electoral process, USAID support to independent Burundian media 

played a key role in informing the Burundian electorate and increasing the transparency of the electoral 

process. During FY 2005, 452 hours of election programming were produced by USAID-supported 

media, and USAID partners trained and coordinated the Media Synergy for Electoral Coverage, which 

brought together 125 correspondents from 11 media outlets throughout the country to provide nationwide 

election coverage. The production of 112 joint programs by the Synergy journalists facilitated reporting 

on polling irregularities and false claims by certain candidates. The elections raised hopes for a lasting 

peace in Burundi, and thousands of refugees returned to communities throughout the country. USAID’s 

community-based reconciliation activities contributed to the peaceful reintegration of thousands of 

refugees and ex-combatants over the course of the year through community reconciliation days and 

solidarity building activities that involved over 42,000 Burundians in projects including the rehabilitation of 
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8 schools and 64 water points. Despite the progress made toward peace this year, conflict still 

destabilizes five of Burundi’s 17 provinces. During FY 2005, USAID partners continued to mitigate the 

effects of ongoing violence through support for victims of torture; over the course of the year 772 

survivors received psychological counseling, 917 received transportation assistance and 764 received 

medical assistance. In addition, 116 torture cases were brought before Burundian courts during the year, 

resulting in 30 judgments, including 20 convictions. In addition to USAID’s victims of torture activities, 

USAID partners played a key role in the growing movement to end impunity for war crimes in Burundi. 

During FY05, a network of local civil society organizations organized by a USAID partner lobbied for the 

passage of a law on the Truth and Reconciliation Commission mandated by the Arusha Accords. The 

law, which was passed in December 2004, includes provisions brokered by the USAID-supported 

advocacy network. 

Food Security Enhanced: Over the course of the year, USAID programs focused on improving the food 

security of Burundi’s most vulnerable populations through emergency assistance, while working with local 

communities to construct more durable strategies for ecologically and socially sustainable livelihoods as 

well as economic recovery. During FY05 31,620 metric tons of food aid worth $16.5 million were 

distributed to vulnerable groups including demobilized soldiers, people living with HIV/AIDS, refugees, 

women and children. Improved security and USAID interventions contributed to an overall improvement 

in the nutritional situation of vulnerable populations in Burundi; the global acute malnutrition rate 

decreased from 7.5 to 6.5 percent between 2000 and 2005, and the global chronic malnutrition rate 

decreased from 56.8 to 44.4 percent over the same period. USAID livelihoods activities focused on 

community-level economic recovery in ethnically-mixed areas with high numbers of returnees and excombatants, and registered impressive results over the course of the year. Over 24,000 households were 

organized into 146 farmers’ associations and were provided with access to improved agricultural inputs 

and environmentally sound agricultural practices. In FY2005, communities came together through these 

associations to establish community veterinary pharmacies, tree nurseries and communal storage 

facilities, install a community water conveyance system and multiply and distribute improved livestock to 

vulnerable community members. In addition, 18,162 households adopted agro-forestry practices and 395 

hectares of land were reforested over the course of the year, a 395% increase over last year. These 

interventions increased the yields of USAID-supported associations fivefold, depending on the crop and 

the amount of local rainfall. USAID’s Office of Transition Initiatives-funded vocational skills training 

centers in the provinces of Gitega and Ruyigi provided ex-combatants, returnees, IDPs and female and 

orphan heads of households with access to off-farm economic opportunities; 1852 students, 1267 male 

and 585 female, graduated from the centers during FY 2005. Graduates have organized themselves into 

208 multi-ethnic cooperative associations that are given training in entrepreneurship and a start-up kit to 

pursue business opportunities. Demand for the skills of the graduates is high; in Ruyigi, graduates are 

only filling 1/20th of the demand for skilled laborers in trades such as masonry and roof carpentry. 

Access to Basic Social Services Improved: During FY05 USAID’s health activities focused on expanding 

and enhancing the supply and demand for health care in the two northern Burundian provinces of Kirundo 

and Muyinga. USAID partners supported 25 health centers in two provinces through training of health 

center staff on maternal and child health issues and the procurement of medicines, vaccines and 

equipment. In addition, USAID partners worked in the targeted communities to improve health-seeking 

behaviors. During the year USAID funding provided training for 1,313 community-based health workers, 

821 men and 492 women, and 1,562 traditional birth attendants, all women. These community-based 

workers offered 7,998 health sensitization sessions in their communities over the course of the year and 

went on 12,650 home visits. As a result of these interventions, maternal health-seeking behaviors have 

improved in the targeted provinces. The number of expectant mothers attending prenatal visits increased 

in USAID-targeted areas; for example, in September 2004 there were a total of 3,633 prenatal visits in the 

target health centers in Kirundo, while in September 2005, there were 5,277 prenatal visits, an increase of 

145%. USAID’s health interventions also focused on addressing malaria and HIV/AIDS. USAID funding 

provided the new Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) to 121,212 individuals suffering from malaria in 

FY 2005. Through USAID partners 3,077,696 condoms were sold at 1,984 sales points throughout 

Burundi in FY 2005, and USAID-supported networks provided care and support to 1,528 people living 

with HIV/AIDS. USAID partners also provided training and technical assistance to 7 different local 

implementing partners operating throughout Burundi. Over the course of the year, USAID’s health and 
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HIV/AIDS interventions provided community-based health workers and local service organizations with 

much-needed training and technical assistance. This increased the availability of health and HIV/AIDS 

services in rural areas, which have traditionally been underserved in terms of medical staff and services, 

despite the fact that 90% of Burundians live in rural areas. 

Gender: While women have played an important role in the peace process and the transition, and 

currently head seven of 20 of the new government ministries, they remain culturally and legally 

disenfranchised in many respects. Literacy and school enrollment rates differ vastly between males and 

females; only 41percent of girls attended secondary school as opposed to 59 percent of boys in 2002, 

and 61percent of the adult female population is illiterate as compared to 44 percent of the adult male 

population. While 21 percent of households and more than 60 percent of IDP households in Burundi are 

headed by women, under current Burundian law, women have no right to inherit land and have difficulty 

obtaining access to agricultural inputs. As a result, women constitute a majority of those living below the 

poverty line. Women’s health has also been particularly adversely affected by the failures of the 

Burundian health care system. For example, HIV/AIDS prevalence rates among females 15-24 years of 

age are twice as high as that of males in the same age group according to UNAIDS. Clearly, social and 

economic gender equality are critical to sustainable peace and development in Burundi. While women 

have taken on much of the country’s work of reconciliation and agriculture, their rights must become 

commensurate with their responsibilities. USAID has long considered women’s peace organizations as 

one of the pillars of our community-based reconciliation activities, and by FY05 USAID partners were 

working with 300 women’s associations active in reconciliation and conflict mitigation activities. In 

addition, this past year these associations were active in raising awareness about the importance of 

womens' participation in the elections as voters and as candidates. USAID livelihoods activities are 

helping female-headed households obtain equal access to economic opportunities in target areas, and 

maternal health is one of the focuses of our health activities. Finally, our victims of torture activities are 

providing support and assistance to female victims of torture and gender-based violence. 

Integrated Programming and Cross-Cutting Issues: The high prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Burundi has 

impacts throughout Burundian society that are not limited to an increased demand for health services. 

HIV/AIDS has been spreading rapidly to rural areas of Burundi; prevalence rates in rural and semi-urban 

surveillance sites are reported to range between 3-17%. The pandemic has had a catastrophic impact on 

food security in these areas; many of the HIV-afflicted families have lost their ability to maintain their 

farms and thus their access to food in a country that is predominantly dependent on subsistence 

agriculture as a source of food. The spread of HIV/AIDS in rural areas has put additional strain on rural 

health centers, which are already understaffed. While most medical staff in the country are based in 

urban areas, over 90% of the population lives in rural areas. Over the past year, USAID’s response to 

HIV/AIDS has been multisectoral, and health and livelihoods activities have addressed the crisis at the 

rural community level. Greater community understanding of the pandemic was encouraged by 

community-based health workers; USAID partners trained 94 health workers (53 men and 41 women) on 

HIV/AIDS and communication skills over the year and these community-based health workers in turn held 

428 sensitization trainings in their communities on the disease. In addition, our livelihoods partners 

supported the food security of HIV/AIDS-afflicted families through the distribution of improved seeds, and 

raising awareness of HIV/AIDS issues in targeted communities. Over the course of the year 192 

HIV/AIDS awareness meetings were held, and USAID partners trained 15,000 households on HIV/AIDSrelated issues. Over the longer term, however, Burundian response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic must be 

national rather than community-based. During the next year, USAID’s HIV/AIDS partners will work with 

relevant government ministries to harmonize national standards and protocols for prevention and care 

and promote partnerships with non-governmental actors as a means to improve HIV/AIDS prevention, 

care and support activities throughout the country. In addition, HIV/AIDS activities will link with USAIDfunded media activities to build awareness of prevention and care issues, and HIV/AIDS interventions will 

also be incorporated into our victims of torture activities. 

Presidential Initiatives: USAID/Burundi responded to the Africa Education Initiative in FY 2005 with 

support for Burundian partners who provided scholarships, mentoring and HIV/AIDS awareness training 

to 150 girls in six zones of Bujumbura and 100 girls in Rutana province. 
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FY 2006 Program 

SO: 695-009 African Conflict Mitigation Capacity Reinforced 

Improve Quality of Workforce through Vocational/Technical Education 

Improve Quality of Workforce through Vocational/Technical Education ($500,000 ESF). USAID will 

support the operations of eight vocational skills training centers located in two central Burundian 

provinces with high numbers of returned refugees and ex-combatants. Skills training will be 

complemented by conflict resolution and basic numeracy and literacy training, and graduates will be 

encouraged to form themselves into multi-ethnic associations to found and manage small businesses 

throughout these provinces. Principal contractors and grantees: To be determined. 

Increase Agricultural Sector Productivity 

Increase Agricultural Sector Productivity ($1,237,000 DA). USAID activities will continue to increase 

agricultural productivity in four provinces by improving access to environmentally sustainable agricultural 

practices and inputs while promoting reconciliation and conflict management in ethnically-mixed 

communities. Two hundred seventy farmers’ associations will be trained in practices such as composting 

and integrated pest and disease management, and improved agricultural inputs will be introduced. The 

natural resource base in targeted communities will be improved by the promotion of local soil and water 

resource management. Conflicts over natural resources will be addressed by training associations in 

conflict management techniques, conducting research on land use and conflict, and building the capacity 

of traditional justice institutions. USAID will also support activities promoting crop diversification and agroenterprise development. Principal contractors and grantees: The Livelihood Security Initiative 

Consortium (prime). 

Mitigate Conflict and Support Peace 

Mitigate Conflict and Support Peace ($400,000 DA). USAID will promote the consolidation of peace by 

addressing the need for post-conflict reconciliation and reintegration. Activities will facilitate dialogue and 

community initiatives to support the peaceful reintegration of refugees and ex-combatants, promoting 

informed, inclusive involvement in new local democratic institutions and increasing Burundian 

understanding of and participation in truth and reconciliation initiatives. Activities will build the capacity of 

local media, women's groups, theater groups and local human rights networks to act as catalysts for 

peace and stability. Principal contractors and grantees: To be determined. 

Protect and Increase Food Security of Vulnerable Populations 

Protect and Increase Food Security of Vulnerable Populations. P.L. 480 emergency food aid will continue 

to be provided to communities suffering from conflict, drought or crop diseases through the World Food 

Programme (WFP). USAID will continue to provide food to nutritional feeding centers targeting 

vulnerable populations including women, children and people living with HIV/AIDS. USAID will use food 

aid to support the repatriation and reintegration processes. Principal contractors and grantees: World 

Food Programme, International Medical Corps, and Gruppo di Volontariato Civile (primes). 

Activities notified under this strategic objective are part of a new strategy statement that is pending 

approval. Should funding levels or activities included in this data sheet change substantially once the 

strategy statement is approved, a new notification will be submitted prior to the obligation of any funds. 

Protect and Increase the Assets and Livelihoods of the Poor 

FY 2007 Program 
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SO: 695-009 African Conflict Mitigation Capacity Reinforced 

Improve Quality of Workforce through Vocational/Technical Education 

Improve Quality of Workforce through Vocational/Technical Education ($500,000 ESF; $500,000 DA). 

USAID support to vocational skills and business management training will scale up and may expand to 

additional provinces. The focus will continue to be on mitigating sources of conflict by bringing ethnically 

mixed groups together to learn and implement off-farm economic livelihoods. Additional activities may 

seek to build synergies with the micro-lending sector to provide vocational graduates with access to 

credit. Principal contractors and grantees: To be determined. 

Increase Agricultural Sector Productivity 

Increase Agricultural Sector Productivity ($750,000 DA). USAID will continue to support agricultural 

revitalization through the diffusion of improved agricultural practices and inputs. Activities may be 

expanded from the four provinces originally targeted by USAID to other ecologically significant areas. 

Local communities will be trained to improve management of natural resources through activities such as 

erosion control and the maintenance and protection of water resources. Agro-enterprise development will 

be complemented by initiatives that encourage communities to develop environmentally sustainable 

income-generating enterprises such as fair trade/specialty coffee production, handicrafts and ecotourism. 

Principal contractors and grantees: To be determined. 

Mitigate Conflict and Support Peace 

Mitigate Conflict and Support Peace ($900,000 DA). Activities to consolidate peace in Burundi will be 

expanded to address key factors that have fueled past conflict as well as to support local reconciliation 

efforts. The critical issues of land disputes and land-use management will be addressed through 

activities that build the capacity of local groups to mediate land disputes. USAID funding will also support 

civil society initiatives to promote national dialogue on the equitable reform of land laws and 

environmentally responsible land use policies. USAID will also continue to strengthen community-based 

reconciliation processes through activities that build the capacity of women’s and youth groups and media 

to advocate for peace. Principal contractors and grantees: To be determined. 

Protect and Increase Food Security of Vulnerable Populations 

Protect and Increase Food Security of Vulnerable Populations. USAID will continue to work with 

communities to improve local capacity to respond to food emergencies and promote longer-term solutions 

to food insecurity. While emergency food aid for vulnerable populations will be provided through WFP as 

necessary, more durable solutions to food insecurity may be undertaken through transitional programs 

such as Food for Work and Food for Training. Principal contractors and grantees: To be determined. 

FY 2006 Program 

SO: 695-010 Inclusive Governance Enhanced 

Improve Child Survival, Health & Nutrition 

Improve Child Survival, Health & Nutrition ($692,000 CSH; $300,000 ESF). USAID will continue to 

improve the government's and non-governmental organizations' (NGOs') ability to deliver quality 

healthcare services and promote behavior change for overall individual well-being in two provinces. 

Activities will include training health center staff and community-based health workers on the 

management of malaria, polio and the most common communicable diseases and improving the 

vaccination coverage of children under five. Ongoing activities will be complemented by new initiatives to 

assist government agencies to standardize treatment protocols and improve the capacity of national and 
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provincial health authorities to supervise and coordinate the provision of health services with civil society 

and private sector providers. Principal contractors and grantees: International Medical Corps (prime); 

Gruppo di Volontariato Civile (sub). 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS 

Reduce Transmission and Impact of HIV/AIDS ($1,977,000 CSH). USAID activities will scale up support 

for public sector HIV/AIDS services and procurement systems, harmonizing national standards and 

protocols, and improving care and support programs for orphans and vulnerable children as well as 

prevention activities for at-risk youth and victims of gender-based violence. USAID activities will 

strengthen partnerships between the government, the donor community and non-governmental 

organizations active in the sector. High-risk groups from throughout the Great Lakes region will be 

targeted through prevention and care activities conducted at centers call "Safe-T-Stops" located at key 

transit points. Principal contractors and grantees: To be determined. 

Strengthen the Legislative Function/Legal Framework 

Strengthen the Legislative Function/Legal Framework ($1,280,000 DA; $3,011,000 ESF). Training and 

technical assistance will be provided to elected and executive branch officials on the development of 

legislation and the management of reforms, particularly related to economic development and anticorruption oversight, while parallel activities will build the capacity of civil society organizations to 

effectively advocate for the same legislation and reforms. Legislators will be trained on encouraging and 

managing dialogue among constituents, and greater opportunities for public-private dialogue will be 

provided through support to consultative forums and workshops. USAID activities will support 

institutionalization, capacity building and training for key Government of Burundi (GOB) anti-corruption 

entities such as the Court of Audit, as well as for civil society initiatives dedicated to government oversight 

and the monitoring of GOB expenditures. Principal contractors and grantees: Development Alternatives, 

Inc. (prime), CARE and the African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD) (subs). 

Activities notified under this strategic objective are part of a new strategy statement that is pending 

approval. Should funding levels or activities included in this data sheet change substantially once the 

strategy statement is approved, a new notification will be submitted prior to the obligation of any funds. 

FY 2007 Program 

SO: 695-010 Inclusive Governance Enhanced 

Achieve Equitable Access to Quality Basic Education 

Achieve Equitable Access to Quality Basic Education ($500,000 DA). USAID will provide support to the 

GOB's universal free primary education policy through the provision of instructional materials and 

technical assistance to the Ministry of Education, including teacher training. Potential interventions could 

include an interactive radio instruction activity combining components of basic numeracy and literacy 

instruction, conflict resolution training, and capacity building for teachers in remote areas. Principal 

contractors and grantees: To be determined. 

Improve Child Survival, Health & Nutrition 

Improve Child Survival, Health and Nutrition ($1,100,000 CSH). USAID will continue to strengthen the 

GOB's and NGOs' ability to provide the availability, range and quality of essential services in rural areas. 

The focus will continue to be on improving knowledge and practices to prevent and manage malaria, polio 

and common communicable diseases. Coordination between national, local, and NGO health partners 

will be enhanced, and, as a result, effective application of national treatment protocols and the exchange 

and analysis of health information will be supported. Principal contractors and grantees: To be 
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determined. 

Reduce Transmission & Impact Of HIV/AIDS 

Reduce Transmission and Impact of HIV/AIDS ($1,980,000 CSH). USAID activities will continue to 

support public sector HIV/AIDS services and procurement systems, improving care and support programs 

for orphans and vulnerable children and prevention activities for at-risk youth and victims of gender-based 

violence. USAID activities will strengthen partnerships between the government, donors and NGOs 

active in the sector. Principal contractors and grantees: To be determined. 

Strengthen Civil Society 

Strengthen Civil Society ($1,000,000 ESF). USAID will diversify its support for civil society organizations 

(CSOs) that advocate for policy and legislative reforms and monitor GOB activities across all sectors. 

Activities will focus on improving the organizational capacity of CSOs and private sector networks to 

represent their constituencies and influence the development of legislation, as well as increasing 

coordination among members of CSO networks. USAID will continue to support independent radio and 

media programming to provide an environment that increases public participation in the political process. 

Principal contractors and grantees: To be determined. 

Strengthen the Legislative Function/Legal Framework 

Strengthen the Legislative Function/Legal Framework ($1,293,000 DA; $1,000,000 ESF). USAID will 

scale up activities to improve the inclusiveness and accountability of elected and executive branch 

officials, through support for forums to foster public-private dialogue on key reforms and legislation. 

USAID will continue to provide technical assistance to key anti-corruption entities. New activities will 

improve the legal framework for property rights with respect to land and in the commercial sector, 

potentially through the provision of technical assistance to committees charged with reforming existing 

policies, legislation and regulations. Principal contractors and grantees: To be determined. 
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Results Framework 

695-006 Good Governance Enhanced 

Program Title: Democracy and Governance 

 I.R. 6.1: Transitional institutions and peace process strengthened 

 I.R. 6.2: Civil Society participation increased 

695-007 Food Security Enhanced 

Program Title: Food Security 

 I.R. 7.1: Vulnerable groups receive effectively targeted assistance 

 I.R. 7.2: Increased opportunities provided for productive livelihoods 

 I.R. 7.3: Sustainable natural resources management practices adopted 

695-008 Access to Basic Services Improved 

Program Title: Health 

 I.R. 8.1: Increased availability of client-oriented health services 

 I.R. 8.2: HIV/AIDS & infectious disease prevention, care and support programs expanded 

 I.R. 8.3: Safe water and sanitation more widely available 

695-009 African Conflict Mitigation Capacity Reinforced 

Program Title: Food Security, Conflict Mitigation 

 IR 9.1: Approaches for land conflict management implemented 

 IR 9.2: Community-based reconciliation processes supported 

 IR 9.3: Local capacity to respond to needs of vulnerable populations strengthened 

 IR 9.4: Limited natural resources sustainably managed 

695-010 Inclusive Governance Enhanced 

Program Title: Democracy and Governance, Health 

 IR 10.1: Government capacity to establish priorities for stabilization supported 

 IR 10.2: Government-civil society partnerships for stabilization established 

 IR 10.3: Government-civil society partnerships for the provision of essential services forged