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Census of

Mineral Industries

MIC92-I-14B

INDUSTRY SERIES

Sand and Gravel

Industries 1442 and 1446

U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
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Census of

Mineral Industries

MIC92-I-14B

INDUSTRY SERIES

Sand and Gravel

Industries 1442 and 1446

U.S. Department of Commerce

Ronald H. Brown, Secretary

David J. Barram, Deputy Secretary

Economics and Statistics Administration

Everett M. Ehrlich, Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Martha Farnsworth Riche, Director

+ +
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Many persons participated in the various activities of the 1992 Census of Mineral Industries. The

overall planning and review of the census operations were performed by the Economic Census

Staff of the Economic Planning and Coordination Division.

Manufacturing and Construction Division prepared this report. Barry A. Rappaport, Assistant

Chief for Construction and Mineral Censuses, was responsible for the overall planning, management, and coordination of the census of mineral industries. Planning and implementation were

under the direction of Patricia L. Horning, Chief, Construction and Mineral Census Branch,

assisted by M. Susan Bucci, Section Chief, with primary staff assistance by Robert A. Wright.

Brian Greenberg, Assistant Chief for Research and Methodology Programs, assisted by

Stacey Cole, provided the mathematical and statistical techniques as well as the coverage

operations.

Baruti A. Taylor, under the direction of A. William Visnansky, Chief, Special Reports Branch,

performed overall coordination of the publication process. Julius Smith, Jr. and Andrew W. Hait

provided primary staff assistance.

The Economic Planning and Coordination Division provided the computer processing procedures. Shirin A. Ahmed, Assistant Chief for Post Data Collection Processing, was responsible for

editing and the analysts’ interactive database review and correction system. Design and

specifications were prepared under the supervision of Dennis L. Wagner, Chief, Post Collection

Census Branch, assisted by S. Mark Schmidt and Robert A. Rosati.

The staff of the Data Preparation Division, Judith N. Petty, Acting Chief, performed mailout

preparation and receipt operations, clerical and analytical review activities, data keying, and

geocoding review.

The Geography Division staff developed geographic coding procedures and associated

computer programs.

The Economic Statistical Methods and Programming Division, Charles P. Pautler, Jr., Chief,

developed and coordinated the computer processing systems. Martin S. Harahush, Assistant

Chief for Quinquennial Programs, was responsible for design and implementation of the computer

systems. Gary T. Sheridan, Chief, Manufactures and Construction Branch, assisted by Gerald S.

Turnage, supervised the preparation of the computer programs.

Computer Services Division, Marvin D. Raines, Chief, performed the computer processing.

The staff of the Administrative and Publications Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief,

performed publication planning, design, composition, editorial review, and printing planning and

procurement for publications and report forms. Cynthia G. Brooks provided publication coordination and editing.

Special acknowledgment is also due the many businesses whose cooperation has contributed

to the publication of these data.

If you have any questions concerning the statistics in this report, call 301-457-4680.

Acknowledgments
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MANUFACTURING AND CONSTRUCTION DIVISION

John P. Govoni, Acting Chief

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Martha Farnsworth Riche, Director

Harry A. Scarr, Deputy Director

Paula J. Schneider, Principal Associate

Director for Programs

Frederick T. Knickerbocker, Associate

Director for Economic Programs

Thomas L. Mesenbourg, Assistant Director

for Economic Programs

ECONOMIC PLANNING AND COORDINATION

DIVISION

John P. Govoni, Chief

Economics and Statistics

Administration

Everett M. Ehrlich, Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
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Introduction to

the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC

CENSUS

The economic census is the major source of facts about

the structure and functioning of the Nation’s economy. It

provides essential information for government, business,

industry, and the general public.

The economic census furnishes an important part of the

framework for such composite measures as the gross

domestic product, input/ output measures, production and

price indexes, and other statistical series that measure

short-term changes in economic conditions.

Policymaking agencies of the Federal Government use

the data, especially in monitoring economic activity and

providing assistance to business.

State and local governments use the data to assess

business activities and tax bases within their jurisdictions

and to develop programs to attract business.

Trade associations study trends in their own and competing industries and keep their members informed of

market changes.

Individual businesses use the data to locate potential

markets and to analyze their own production and sales

performance relative to industry or area averages.

AUTHORITY AND SCOPE

Title 13 of the United States Code (sections 131, 191,

and 224) directs the Census Bureau to take the economic

census every 5 years, covering years ending in 2 and 7.

The 1992 Economic Census consists of the following eight

censuses:

• Census of Retail Trade

• Census of Wholesale Trade

• Census of Service Industries

• Census of Financial, Insurance, and Real Estate

Industries

• Census of Transportation, Communications, and Utilities

• Census of Manufactures

• Census of Mineral Industries

• Census of Construction Industries

Special programs also cover enterprise statistics and

minority-owned and women-owned businesses. (The 1992

Census of Agriculture and 1992 Census of Governments

are conducted separately.) The next economic census is

scheduled to be taken in 1998 covering the year 1997.

AVAILABILITY OF THE DATA

The results of the economic census are available in

printed reports for sale by the U.S. Government Printing

Office and on compact discs for sale by the Census

Bureau. Order forms for all types of products are available

on request from Customer Services, Bureau of the Census,

Washington, DC 20233-8300. A more complete description of publications being issued from this census is on the

inside back cover of this document.

Census facts are also widely disseminated by trade

associations, business journals, and newspapers. Volumes containing census statistics are available in most

major public and college libraries. Finally, State data

centers in every State as well as business and industry

data centers in many States also supply economic census

statistics.

WHAT’S NEW IN 1992

The 1992 Economic Census covers more of the economy

than any previous census. New for 1992 are data on

communications, utilities, financial, insurance, and real

estate, as well as coverage of more transportation industries. The economic, agriculture, and governments censuses now collectively cover nearly 98 percent of all

economic activity.

Among other changes, new 1992 definitions affect the

boundaries of about a third of all metropolitan areas. Also,

the Survey of Women-Owned Businesses has now been

expanded to include all corporations.

HISTORICAL INFORMATION

The economic census has been taken as an integrated

program at 5-year intervals since 1967 and before that for

1963, 1958, and 1954. Prior to that time, the individual

subcomponents of the economic census were taken separately at varying intervals.

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The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810

Decennial Census, when questions on manufacturing were

included with those for population. Coverage of economic

activities was expanded for 1840 and subsequent censuses to include mining and some commercial activities. In

1902, Congress established a permanent Census Bureau

and directed that a census of manufactures be taken every

5 years. The 1905 Manufactures Census was the first time

a census was taken apart from the regular every-10-year

population census.

The first census of business was taken in 1930, covering 1929. Initially it covered retail and wholesale trade and

construction industries, but it was broadened in 1933 to

include some of the service trades.

The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to be

fully integrated—providing comparable census data across

economic sectors, using consistent time periods, concepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. It

was the first census to be taken by mail, using lists of firms

provided by the administrative records of other Federal

agencies. Since 1963, administrative records also have

been used to provide basic statistics for very small firms,

reducing or eliminating the need to send them census

questionnaires. The Enterprise Statistics Program, which

publishes combined data from the economic census, was

made possible with the implementation of the integrated

census program in 1954.

The range of industries covered in the economic censuses has continued to expand. The census of construction industries began on a regular basis in 1967, and the

scope of service industries was broadened in 1967, 1977,

and 1987. The census of transportation began in 1963 as

a set of surveys covering travel, transportation of commodities, and trucks, but expanded in 1987 to cover business

establishments in several transportation industries. For

1992, these statistics are incorporated into a broadened

census of transportation, communications, and utilities.

Also new for 1992 is the census of financial, insurance,

and real estate industries. This is part of a gradual expansion in coverage of industries previously subjected to

government regulation.

The Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises

was first conducted as a special project in 1969 and was

incorporated into the economic census in 1972 along with

the Survey of Women-Owned Businesses.

An economic census has also been taken in Puerto

Rico since 1909, in the Virgin Islands of the United States

and Guam since 1958, and in the Commonwealth of the

Northern Mariana Islands since 1982.

Statistical reports from the 1987 and earlier censuses

provide historical figures for the study of long-term time

series and are available in some large libraries. All of the

census data published since 1967 are still available for

sale on microfiche from the Census Bureau.

AVAILABILITY OF MORE FREQUENT

ECONOMIC DATA

While the census provides complete enumerations every

5 years, there are many needs for more frequent data as

well. The Census Bureau conducts a number of monthly,

quarterly, and annual surveys, with the results appearing in

publication series such as Current Business Reports (retail

and wholesale trade and service industries), the Annual

Survey of Manufactures, Current Industrial Reports, and

the Quarterly Financial Report. Most of these surveys,

while providing more frequent observations, yield less

kind-of-business and geographic detail than the census.

The County Business Patterns program offers annual

statistics on the number of establishments, employment,

and payroll classified by industry within each county.

SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION

More information about the scope, coverage, classification system, data items, and publications for each of the

economic censuses and related surveys is published in the

Guide to the 1992 Economic Census and Related Statistics. More information on the methodology, procedures,

and history of the census will be published in the History of

the 1992 Economic Census. Contact Customer Services

for information on availability.

IV INTRODUCTION MINERAL INDUSTRIES—INDUSTRY SERIES
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Census of Mineral Industries

GENERAL

This report, from the 1992 Census of Mineral Industries,

is one of a series of 12 industry reports; each provides

statistics for individual industries or groups of related

industries. Additional separate reports will be issued for

each geographic division showing statistics by State and

for special subjects, such as fuels and electric energy

consumed.

The introduction to the General Summary report discusses, at greater length, many of the subjects described

in this introduction. For example, the General Summary

text discusses the economic significance of the mining

sector, the relation of value added by mining to value

added by manufacture, some of the changes in statistical

concepts over the history of the census, and the valuation

problems arising from intracompany transfers between

mining establishments, manufacturing plants, and sales

offices and sales branches of a company.

SCOPE OF CENSUS AND DEFINITION OF

MINERAL INDUSTRIES

The 1992 Census of Mineral Industries covers all establishments with one paid employee or more primarily engaged

in mining as defined in the 1987 Standard Industrial

Classification (SIC) Manual1. This is the system of industrial classification developed by experts on classification in

Government and private industry under the guidance of the

Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of

Management and Budget. This classification system is

used by Government agencies as well as many organizations outside the Government.

The SIC Manual defines mining in the broad sense to

include the extraction of minerals occurring naturally:

solids such as coal and ores, liquids such as crude

petroleum, and gases such as natural gas. The term

‘‘mining’’ is used in the broad sense to include quarrying,

well operation, milling (crushing, screening, washing, flotation, etc.), and other preparations needed to make minerals marketable. Exploration is included as is the development of mineral properties. Services performed on a

contract, fee, or other basis in the exploration and development of mineral properties are classified separately but

within this division.

Mining operations are classified by industry on the basis

of the principal mineral produced or, if there is no production, on the basis of the principal mineral for which

exploration or development work is in progress. The

recovery of material from culm banks, ore dumps, and

other waste mineral piles is classified in the appropriate

mining industry according to the mineral product recovered.

The crushing, grinding, or other treatment of certain

earths, rocks, and other nonmetallic minerals not in conjunction with mining activities is not included in this division

but is classified as manufacturing. Hauling and other

transportation beyond the mine property and contract

hauling (except out of open pits in conjunction with mining)

also are excluded.

Mining operations carried on as secondary activities at

manufacturing establishments (such as clay pits at clay

products plants or sand and gravel operations at readymixed concrete plants) are not within the scope of this

census. However, selected data (production workers’ wages

and hours; total cost of supplies, fuels, electric energy, and

contract work; and quantity of production for mined products) on such mining activities have been obtained in the

1992 Census of Manufactures and are included in the

mining reports. They are clearly specified wherever included.

ESTABLISHMENT BASIS OF REPORTING

The census of mineral industries covers each mining

establishment of firms with one paid employee or more

operating in the United States. A company operating more

than one establishment is required to file a separate report

for each location. A mineral establishment is defined as a

single physical location where mineral operations are

conducted.

For oil and gas field operations and for contract services, the basis for reporting is different from the ‘‘establishment’’ basis used for other types of mining. Firms

operating oil and gas wells, drilling wells, or exploring for oil

and gas for their own account were required to submit a

separate report for each State or offshore area adjacent to

a State in which it conducted such activities. Firms that

performed contract services for oil and gas field operations

or for mining establishments were required to submit one

report covering all such activities in the United States and

to include information on receipts for services and productionworker wages and hours, by State. These consolidated

1

Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,

DC 20402. Stock No. 041-001-00314-2.

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reports were then allocated to State establishments based

on the data reported at the State level. The 1992 figures

for establishments include the summation of operations for

each State allocated from these nationwide reports.

USE OF ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS

From a mailout universe of about 28,500 mining establishments, approximately 11,000 small single-establishment

companies were not mailed a questionnaire. For these

establishments, some employment, payroll, and receipts

data were obtained from the administrative records of

other agencies. Selection of the small establishment nonmail cases was done on an industry-by-industry basis, and

a variable cutoff was used to determine those establishments for which administrative records were to be used in

place of a census report. This information was then used in

conjunction with industry averages and other information

to estimate the statistics for administrative-record and

nonresponse establishments. The first column in tables 2

and 4 provides an indication of the extent that these

establishments account for the figures shown. The value

of shipments and receipts and cost of supplies were

generally not distributed among specific products and

supplies for these establishments, but were included in the

product and supply ‘‘not specified by kind’’ categories.

Overall, establishments for which administrative-record

data were used accounted for less than 2 percent of total

value of shipments and receipts.

Theindustryclassificationcodesincludedintheadministrativerecord files were used for those establishments excused

from filing census forms. Generally, these codes were

assigned on the basis of brief descriptions of the general

activity of the establishment. Where the description was

incomplete, or where there were relatively fine lines of

demarcation among industries or between mining and

nonmining activities, the code assigned to an establishment could differ from that which would have been assigned

on the basis of more complete product or activity information. Therefore, the total establishment count should be

viewed as an approximate measure. The counts for establishments with 20 employees or more are far more reliable.

In the 1992 census, as in the 1987, 1982, 1977, and

1972 censuses, data for single-unit firms without paid

employees were excluded. This exclusion had only a slight

effect on industry aggregates for most industries. Data for

firms without employees were included in the 1963, 1958,

and 1954 censuses if they reported more than $500 in

(1) value of shipments and receipts, (2) cost of supplies

and purchased machinery, or (3) capital expenditures.

AUXILIARIES

Statistics for employment and payroll for individual

industries and industry groups also include employment

and payroll figures for administrative offices, warehouses,

storage facilities, and other auxiliary establishments servicing mining establishments. As in previous censuses,

respondents were asked to file separate reports (form

ES-9200) for any separately operated auxiliary establishments. Classification of employment and payroll data at

such auxiliary establishments was based on the mining

establishments served.

INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION OF ESTABLISHMENTS

Each of the establishments covered in the census was

classified in 1 of 31 mineral industries in accordance with

the industry definitions in the 1987 SIC Manual. An industry

is generally defined as a group of establishments producing the same product or closely related group of products.

The resulting group of establishments must be significant

in terms of its number, value added by mining, value of

shipments and receipts, number of employees, and payroll. Application of these criteria led to the formulation of

31 mining industries, each assigned a four-digit code. The

classification system also provides broader groups of

industries, with 20 three-digit groups and 4 two-digit groups.

Within industries, the system provides for seven-digit products and five-digit product classes. Products are considered primary to an industry if the first four digits of the

product codes are the same as the industry code. Products

whose first four code numbers differ from the industry code

are called secondary products. To determine the industry

classification of an establishment, the seven-digit products

are grouped together according to the first four digits of the

product code. The first four digits of the group of products

with the largest value of production become the industry

code for the establishment. (For mineral service industries,

the classification is on the basis of receipts for services

performed.)

In most industries, establishments making products

falling into the same industry category use a variety of

processes. Separate statistics are provided on the various

types of operation. Whenever possible, separate figures

are shown for establishments with mines only, mines with

preparation plants, and preparation plants only. Separate

figures are provided by type of mine (underground, open

pit, and combination). Separate statistics also are provided

on producing and nonproducing operations, an establishment being defined as nonproducing if no mineral products

were shipped during the year.

Statistics usually are provided on the production of

minerals mined and used in the same establishment for

producing prepared minerals or used at the producing

establishment for fuel.

Differences in the integration of production processes

and types of operation should be considered when relating

the general items (employment, payrolls, value added,

etc.) to the product and material data.

VI CENSUS OF MINERAL INDUSTRIES MINERAL INDUSTRIES–INDUSTRY SERIES
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VALUE OF SHIPMENTS FOR THE INDUSTRY

COMPARED WITH VALUE OF PRODUCT

SHIPMENTS

This report shows value of shipments and receipt data

for industries and products. In tables 1 through 4, these

data represent the total value of shipments and receipts of

all establishments classified in a particular industry. The

data include the shipments of the products classified in the

industry (primary to the industry), products classified in

other industries (secondary to the industry), and miscellaneous receipts (repair work, sale of scrap, research and

development, installation receipts, and resales). Value of

product shipments shown in table 6 represents the total

value of all products shipped that are classified as primary

to an industry and includes those that were shipped by all

mining establishments regardless of their industry classification. Value of product shipments also may include some

products shipped from mining operations associated with

manufacturing establishments.

CENSUS DISCLOSURE RULES

In accordance with Federal law governing census reports,

no data are published that would disclose the data for an

individual establishment or company. However, the number of establishments classified in a specific industry is not

considered a disclosure; this information may be released

even though other information is withheld.

The disclosure analysis for the industry statistics in

tables 1 through 4 of this report is based on the total value

of shipments and receipts. When the total value of shipments and receipts cannot be shown without disclosing

information for individual companies, the complete line is

suppressed except for capital expenditures. If capital expenditures alone is a disclosure, only total capital expenditures

and cost of supplies statistics are suppressed. However,

the suppressed data are included in higher level totals.

SPECIAL TABULATIONS

Special tabulations of data collected in the 1992 Census

of Mineral Industries may be requested. The data will be in

summary form and subject to the same rules prohibiting

disclosure of confidential information (including name,

address, kind of business, or other data for individual

business establishments or companies) as are the regular

publications. Special tabulations are prepared on a cost

basis. A request for a cost estimate, as well as exact

specifications on the type and format of the data to be

provided, should be directed to the Chief, Manufacturing

and Construction Division, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233-6901.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used in

this publication:

– Represents zero.

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual

companies; data are included in higher level

totals.

(NA) Not available.

(NC) Not comparable.

(S) Withheld because estimate did not meet publication standards.

(X) Not applicable.

(Z) Less than half the unit shown.

n.e.c. Not elsewhere classified.

n.s.k. Not specified by kind.

r Revised.

SIC Standard Industrial Classification.

Other abbreviations, such as lb, gal, yd, and bbl, are

used in the customary sense.

CONTACTS FOR DATA USERS

Subject Area Contact Phone

Mineral

industries–5-

year industry

and product

statistics

Construction and

Mineral Census

Branch

Manufacturing and

Construction

Division

Bureau of the

Census

301-457-4680

Mineral Indus- Bureau of Mines 202-501-9649

tries–Annual Department of

product statis- the Interior

tics (domestic

and international), except

fuels

Mineral Indus- National Energy 202-586-8800

tries–Coal and Information Center

oil and gas (NEIC)

production Department of

Energy

To order any

Census Bureau

publication

Customer Services (DUSD)

Bureau of the

Census

301-457-4100

Import/ Export Foreign Trade 301-457-3041

statistics Division

Bureau of the

Census

MINERAL INDUSTRIES–INDUSTRY SERIES CENSUS OF MINERAL INDUSTRIES VII
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Users’ Guide for Locating Statistics in This Report

by Table Number

[For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

Item Industry

and historicalIndustry

by State

Summary

statistics

Industry

by type of

operation1

Industry

by

employment size

Industryproduct

analysis

Detailed

product

shipments

Product

class by

State

Detailed

supplies

by industry

Number of operating companies . . . . . . . . . 1

Establishments:

Total number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 3a 3b 4

Employment and payroll:

Number of employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 3a 3b 4

Payroll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 3a 3b 4

Production, development, and

exploration—

Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 2

3a 3b 4

Hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 3a 3b 4

Wages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 3a 3b 4

Supplemental labor costs . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

3a

Value added, cost of supplies, shipments,

and inventories:

Value added by mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 3a 3b 4

Cost of supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 2

3a 3b 4 27a

Resales, cost and value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3a

Purchased fuels consumed. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3a 27b

Purchased electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

3a

Cost of contract work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3a

Industry shipments and receipts . . . . . . . . 1 2 3a 3b 4 2

5

Value of net shipments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

5

Product shipments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6a 6b

Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3a

Gross book value of depreciable or

depletable assets, beginning and end

of year; depreciation and depletion

charges for year:

Buildings and structures, except land3 . . . 3a

Machinery and equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3a

Mineral exploration and development3 4 . 3a

Mineral land and rights3 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3a

New and used capital expenditures,

excluding land and rights:

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 3a 3b 4

Buildings and structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3a

Machinery and equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3a

Mineral exploration and development4 . . . 3a

Capitalized mineral land and rights3 4. . . . . . 3a

Rental payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23a

Expensed mineral exploration, development, land, and rights4

................... 23a

1

Not published in MIC92-I-13C.

2

Detailed information shown.

3

Not published in MIC92-I-13A.

4

Not published in MIC92-I-13B and MIC92-I-13C.

VIII USERS’ GUIDE MINERAL INDUSTRIES—INDUSTRY SERIES
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Contents

Sand and Gravel

[Page numbers listed here omit the prefix that

appears as part of the number of each page]

Page

Introduction to the Economic Census III ...............................................

Census of Mineral Industries V ......................................................

Users’ Guide for Locating Statistics in This Report by Table Number VIII ..................

Description of Industries and Summary of Findings 3 ..................................

TABLES

INDUSTRY STATISTICS

1. Historical Industry Statistics: 1992 and Earlier Census Years 5 ...................

2. Industry Statistics for Selected States: 1992 and 1987 5 ........................

3a. Summary Statistics by Industry: 1992 6 ........................................

3b. Industry Statistics by Industry and Type of Operation: 1992 and 1987 7 ...........

4. Industry Statistics by Employment Size of Establishment: 1992 7 .................

PRODUCT STATISTICS

5. Industry–Product AnalysismSummary of Industry Shipments and Receipts and Net

Shipments of Primary Products: 1992 and 1987 8 ..............................

6a. Products or Services: 1992 and 1987 8 ........................................

6b. Product Classes–Value of Shipments by All Producers for Specified States: 1992

and 1987 ................................................................. 9

MATERIAL STATISTICS

7a. Selected Supplies, Minerals Received for Preparation, and Purchased Machinery

Installed: 1992 and 1987 9 ..................................................

7b. Fuels Consumed by Type: 1992 and 1987 10 ...................................

8. Mining Activities of Manufacturing Establishments With Associated Mines by

Industry for Selected States: 1992 10 ..........................................

APPENDIXES

A. Explanation of Terms A–1 ..........................................................

B. Product Code Reference Tables B–1 ................................................

Publication Program Inside back cover ...................................................

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Description of Industries and

Summary of Findings

This report shows 1992 Census of Mineral Industries

statistics for establishments classified in each of the

following industries:

SIC code and title

1442 Construction Sand and Gravel

1446 Industrial Sand

The industry statistics (employment, payroll, value of

shipments, cost of supplies, etc.) are reported for each

establishment as a whole. Aggregates of such data for an

industry reflect not only the primary activities of the establishments but also all secondary activities performed by

the same establishments. This fact should be taken into

account in comparing industry statistics (tables 1 through 4

and 7) with product statistics (table 6) showing shipments

by all industries of the primary products of the specified

industry. The extent of the ‘‘product mix’’ is indicated in

table 5, which shows the value of primary and secondary

products shipped by establishments classified in the specified industry and the value of net shipments of primary

products of the industry produced as secondary products

by establishments classified in other industries.

Single-establishment companies with up to 20 employees (cutoff varied by industry) were excluded from the mail

portion of the census. For these establishments (and a

small number of larger establishments whose reports were

not received at the time the data were tabulated), data on

payrolls and receipts were obtained from administrative

records of other Federal agencies. This information was

used in conjunction with industry averages and other

information to develop estimates for all statistics. The first

column in tables 2 and 4 provides an indication of the

extent that these establishments account for the figures

shown.

Establishment data were tabulated based on industry

definitions included in the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual1. Comparability for the product

classes and product codes that changed between the

1992 and 1987 censuses is shown in appendix B. This

appendix presents, in tabular form, the linkage from 1992

to 1987, and 1987 to 1992.

All dollar figures included in this report are at prices

current for the year specified and, therefore, unadjusted for

changes in price levels. Consequently, when making comparisons to prior years, users should take into consideration the inflation that has occurred.

The Bureau of the Census statistics on products for

these industries are not entirely comparable with product

statistics for the same industries published by the Bureau

of Mines or the Energy Information Administration. The

differences that occur result primarily from differences in

data collection methods, coverage, and objectives sought.

INDUSTRY 1442, CONSTRUCTION SAND AND

GRAVEL

This industry is made up of establishments primarily

engaged in operating sand and gravel pits and dredges,

and in washing, screening, or otherwise preparing sand

and gravel for construction uses.

In the 1992 Census of Mineral Industries, Industry 1442,

Construction Sand and Gravel, had employment of 27.1

thousand. The employment figure was 6 percent below the

28.9 thousand reported in 1987. The total value of shipments and receipts for the industry was $2.7 billion in

1992. The value added by mining was $2.0 billion in 1992.

Value added per employee was $75.3 thousand in 1992; it

was $69.6 thousand in 1987.

The total cost of supplies used by establishments

classified in this industry amounted to $942.5 million, while

the cost of selected supplies, minerals received for preparation, and purchased machinery installed amounted to

$570.3 million and is shown in table 7a. The total cost of

fuels used in this industry amounted to $128.2 million in

1992. Data on specific fuels used appear in table 7b.

Single-establishment companies in this industry with up

to 5 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the

census. The data for these establishments (and a small

number of larger establishments whose reports were not

received at the time the data were tabulated) were imputed

as described above. These establishments accounted for

21 percent of the total value of shipments and receipts.

Establishments of single-establishment companies with 6

to 20 employees were mailed a short census form requesting summary data on employment, payroll, costs, capital

expenditures, assets, and products. Selected statistics for

sand and gravel mines included in manufacturing establishments are shown separately in table 8 of this report.

1

Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,

DC 20402. Stock No. 041-001-00314-2.

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INDUSTRY 1446, INDUSTRIAL SAND

This industry is made up of establishments primarily

engaged in operating sand pits and dredges, and in

washing, screening, and otherwise preparing sand for uses

other than construction, such as glassmaking, molding,

and abrasives.

In the 1992 Census of Mineral Industries, Industry 1446,

Industrial Sand, had employment of 3.2 thousand. The

employment figure was 18 percent below the 3.9 thousand

reported in 1987. The total value of shipments and receipts

for the industry was $410.8 million in 1992. The value

added by mining was $277.8 million in 1992. Value added

per employee was $86.8 thousand in 1992; it was $79.1

thousand in 1987.

The total cost of supplies used by establishments

classified in this industry amounted to $158.7 million, while

the cost of selected supplies, minerals received for preparation, and purchased machinery installed amounted to

$87.7 million and is shown in table 7a. The total cost of

fuels used in this industry amounted to $24.8 million in

1992. Data on specific fuels used appear in table 7b.

Single-establishment companies in this industry with up

to 8 employees were excluded from the mail portion of the

census. The data for these establishments (and a small

number of larger establishments whose reports were not

received at the time the data were tabulated) were imputed

as described above. These establishments accounted for

9 percent of the total value of shipments and receipts.

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Table 1. Historical Industry Statistics: 1992 and Earlier Census Years

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

Year

Establishments during

year All employees Production, development, andexploration workers

Companies

(number)

Total

(number)

With 20

employees

or more

(number)

Number

(1,000)

Payroll

(million

dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Hours

(millions)

Wages

(million

dollars)

Value

added by

mining

(million

dollars)

Cost of

supplies

used,

purchased

machinery

installed,

etc.

(million

dollars)

Value of

shipments

and

receipts

(million

dollars)

Capital

expenditures

(million

dollars)

INDUSTRY 1442, CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL

1992 Census 1 --------------- 982 2 516 379 27.1 790.3 19.2 42.7 537.5 2 040.2 942.5 2 749.7 233.1 1987 Census 2 --------------- 087 2 559 371 28.9 673.0 21.1 45.4 489.3 2 011.6 899.3 2 696.8 214.1 1982 Census 2 --------------- 059 2 552 275 23.4 437.2 17.4 34.9 324.5 1 112.1 593.6 1 535.3 170.4 1977 Census 2 --------------- 111 2 619 362 25.9 354.4 19.6 40.7 258.8 861.4 456.8 1 177.9 140.3 1972 Census (NA) --------------- 2 762 394 29.7 281.8 23.4 50.5 205.7 684.6 317.0 879.6 122.0

INDUSTRY 1446, INDUSTRIAL SAND

1992 Census 100 --------------- 161 60 3.2 97.6 2.2 4.6 55.9 277.8 158.7 410.8 25.6

1987 Census 121 --------------- 191 65 3.9 98.9 2.8 5.7 61.5 308.3 157.4 442.1 23.5

1982 Census 132 --------------- 206 68 4.3 83.2 3.2 6.6 55.1 223.5 159.3 341.9 40.9

1977 Census 115 --------------- 188 68 4.7 63.1 3.5 7.6 43.5 155.2 128.4 249.7 33.9

1972 Census (NA) --------------- 167 63 4.3 39.9 3.2 7.0 26.9 91.4 49.5 124.8 16.0

Table 2. Industry Statistics for Selected States: 1992 and 1987

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

Industry and geographic area

1992 1987

Establishments during

year All employees Production, development, andexploration workers

E1 Total

(number)

With 20

employees

or more

(number)

Number2

(1,000)

Payroll

(million

dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Hours

(millions)

Wages

(million

dollars)

Value

added by

mining

(million

dollars)

Cost of

supplies

used,

purchased

machinery

installed,

etc.

(million

dollars)

Value of

shipments

and

receipts

(million

dollars)

Capital

expenditures

(million

dollars)

All employees2

(1,000)

Value

added by

mining

(million

dollars)

INDUSTRY 1442,

CONSTRUCTION SAND

AND GRAVEL

United States E2 ----------- 2 516 379 27.1 790.3 19.2 42.7 537.5 2 040.2 942.5 2 749.7 233.1 28.9 2 011.6

Alabama E4 ------------------------- 45 8 .6 13.4 .4 .9 7.8 32.8 15.8 45.4 3.2 .4 22.8

Arizona E1 -------------------------- 54 11 .8 18.5 .6 1.4 14.1 49.5 32.1 78.8 2.9 F (D)

Arkansas – ------------------------ 44 5 E (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) E (D)

California E1 ------------------------ 189 57 3.3 122.2 2.3 4.6 80.0 321.0 121.4 415.9 26.5 3.3 332.3

Colorado E1 ------------------------ 50 4 E (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) F (D)

Connecticut E1 ---------------------- 35 4 E (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) E (D) Florida E4 -------------------------- 59 7 .7 20.6 .5 1.1 11.2 44.8 20.4 61.4 3.7 G (D)

Georgia E1 ------------------------- 31 4 E (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) E (D) Idaho E1 --------------------------- 21 2 C (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (NA) (NA) Illinois E2 --------------------------- 110 22 1.6 60.2 .9 2.0 31.9 115.3 62.1 157.1 20.2 1.0 97.3

Indiana E2 -------------------------- 94 10 .9 26.1 .7 1.5 18.6 70.0 (D) 92.8 (D) F (D)

Iowa – ---------------------------- 60 5 .4 11.1 .3 .6 6.5 31.8 10.1 39.3 2.6 .3 16.4

Kansas – -------------------------- 40 4 .4 10.0 .3 .6 7.1 25.2 11.7 34.3 2.5 .5 33.3

Kentucky – ------------------------ 18 3 .2 5.5 .2 .4 5.0 16.9 10.1 25.3 1.7 C (D)

Louisiana E1 ------------------------ 43 7 .5 10.4 .4 .9 8.6 25.8 (D) 43.0 (D) .6 25.9

Maryland E1 ------------------------ 38 17 F (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 3.2 .9 69.4

Massachusetts E1 ------------------- 49 5 E (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) .7 66.2

Michigan E1 ------------------------- 133 10 1.1 31.9 .8 1.9 23.0 85.0 (D) 115.7 (D) 1.0 89.9

Minnesota E1 ----------------------- 63 6 F (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) F (D)

Mississippi E1 ----------------------- 45 7 F (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) F (D)

Missouri – ------------------------- 41 4 E (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) .3 22.1 Montana E5 ------------------------- 16 2 .1 3.3 .1 .2 2.5 7.1 (D) 10.7 (D) (NA) (NA) Nebraska E1 ------------------------ 64 5 .4 10.2 .3 .7 6.4 22.1 8.8 28.8 2.1 .4 19.5 Nevada E2 -------------------------- 13 3 C (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) E (D)

New Hampshire E5 ------------------ 28 2 .2 6.0 .1 .3 4.1 14.2 5.6 18.2 1.6 .2 21.0

New Jersey E1 ---------------------- 55 15 .8 27.5 .5 1.0 15.0 61.9 32.6 87.5 7.0 .8 67.5

New Mexico E3 --------------------- 25 1 C (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 1.3 .2 9.5

New York E2 ------------------------ 148 14 G (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 1.3 89.3

North Carolina E4 ------------------- 48 3 E (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) E (D)

North Dakota E2 -------------------- 17 5 .4 14.0 .3 .6 9.2 40.5 (D) 53.7 (D) .3 23.8

Ohio E2 ---------------------------- 166 24 1.8 50.0 1.3 2.8 35.6 132.6 (D) 172.9 (D) 1.9 144.4

Oklahoma E1 ----------------------- 32 2 C (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) C (D)

Oregon E3 -------------------------- 46 12 F (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 3.9 .4 19.7

Pennsylvania E3 --------------------- 103 17 G (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 1.8 59.1

South Carolina – ------------------- 29 6 .4 9.1 .3 .6 6.1 21.1 (D) 28.0 (D) .2 10.0

Tennessee E1 ----------------------- 34 6 E (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) .4 25.1

Texas E2 --------------------------- 153 31 2.0 49.2 1.4 3.2 33.4 133.5 62.9 181.8 14.7 2.1 129.1

Utah E1 ---------------------------- 19 2 .2 4.2 .1 .3 3.6 6.7 (D) 9.9 (D) .1 6.0

Vermont E7 ------------------------- 29 3 .1 3.6 .1 .2 2.8 10.5 (D) 13.8 (D) (NA) (NA)

Virginia – -------------------------- 31 6 E (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 1.3 F (D)

Washington E1 ---------------------- 60 6 F (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) E (D) Wisconsin E2 ----------------------- 69 6 F (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) F (D)

See footnotes at end of table.

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Table 2. Industry Statistics for Selected States: 1992 and 1987mCon.

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

Industry and geographic area

1992 1987

Establishments during

year All employees Production, development, andexploration workers

E1 Total (number)

With 20 employees or more

(number)

Number2

(1,000)

Payroll

(million

dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Hours (millions)

Wages

(million

dollars)

Value added by

mining

(million

dollars)

Cost of

supplies

used,

purchased

machinery

installed, etc. (million

dollars)

Value of

shipments and receipts

(million

dollars)

Capital

expendi- tures

(million

dollars)

All employees2

(1,000)

Value added by

mining

(million

dollars)

INDUSTRY 1446,

INDUSTRIAL SAND

United States – ----------- 161 60 3.2 97.6 2.2 4.6 55.9 277.8 158.7 410.8 25.6 3.9 308.3

California E1 ------------------------ 15 4 .2 6.9 .2 .4 4.9 25.6 16.6 40.0 2.3 .3 32.2 Illinois – --------------------------- 12 7 .4 13.8 .3 .6 8.4 46.8 23.8 66.7 4.0 .5 51.4 Indiana E5 -------------------------- 6 4 .1 2.7 .1 .1 1.6 7.7 (D) 10.9 (D) (NA) (NA)

Michigan – ------------------------- 10 3 C (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) .2 13.7

New Jersey – ---------------------- 9 5 .2 6.6 .2 .3 3.8 20.1 12.4 30.7 1.8 .2 21.2

Ohio – ---------------------------- 10 4 .2 5.6 .1 .3 3.5 11.7 (D) 20.9 (D) .2 19.5

Oklahoma – ----------------------- 4 3 C (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) C (D)

Pennsylvania – --------------------- 5 2 C (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) .2 10.2 Texas E1 --------------------------- 13 2 .2 4.2 .1 .2 2.4 15.6 6.4 21.2 .8 .3 19.4 West Virginia – --------------------- 3 2 C (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) C (D) Wisconsin – ----------------------- 7 4 C (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) C (D)

1Some payroll and sales data for small single-unit companies with up to 20 employees (cutoff varied by industry) were obtained from administrative records of other government agencies

rather than from census report forms. These data were then used in conjunction with industry averages to estimate statistics for these small establishments. This technique was also used for a

small number of other establishments whose reports were not received at the time data were tabulated. The following symbols are shown where estimated data based on administrative-record data

account for 10 percent or more of the figures shown: E1–10 to 19 percent; E2–20 to 29 percent; E3–30 to 39 percent; E4–40 to 49 percent; E5–50 to 59 percent; E6–60 to 69 percent; E7–70 to 79

percent; E8–80 to 89 percent; E9–90 percent or more. 2States with 100 employees or more are shown. Some statistics are withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies. If employment is 100 or more, number of establishments is

shown and employment-size range is indicated by one of the following symbols: C–100 to 249 employees; E–250 to 499 employees; F–500 to 999 employees; G–1,000 to 2,499 employees;

H–2,500 to 4,999 employees; I–5,000 to 9,999 employees.

Table 3a. Summary Statistics by Industry: 1992

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

Item

Construction

sand and

gravel

(SIC 1442)

Industrial

sand

(SIC 1446)

Establishments during year number ------------------------- -- 2 516 161

With 0 to 19 employees number -------------------------- -- 2 137 101

With 20 to 99 employees number ------------------------- -- 369 57

With 100 employees or more number --------------------- -- 10 3

All employees:

Average for year 1,000 ---------------------------------- -- 27.1 3.2 Payroll for year mil dol ----------------------------------- -- 790.3 97.6

Production, development, and exploration workers:

Average for year 1,000 ---------------------------------- -- 19.2 2.2

March 1,000 ------------------------------------------ -- 18.0 2.2

May 1,000 -------------------------------------------- -- 20.1 2.3

August 1,000 ----------------------------------------- -- 20.7 2.2

November 1,000 -------------------------------------- -- 18.1 2.1

Hours millions ------------------------------------------ -- 42.7 4.6

Wages mil dol ------------------------------------------ -- 537.5 55.9

Supplemental labor costs not included in payroll mil dol ------- -- 189.3 25.5 Legally required expenditures, including Social

Security contributions mil dol ---------------------------- -- 87.6 10.7 Payments for voluntary programs mil dol ------------------- -- 101.7 14.8

Value added by mining mil dol ------------------------------ -- 2 040.2 277.8

Cost of supplies mil dol ------------------------------------ -- 942.5 158.7 Supplies used, minerals received, and purchased

machinery installed mil dol ------------------------------ -- 570.3 87.7 Resales mil dol ----------------------------------------- -- 37.1 .9 Purchased fuels consumed mil dol ------------------------ -- 128.2 24.8 Purchased electric energy:

Quantity mil kWh ------------------------------------- -- 2 156.1 525.7

Cost mil dol ------------------------------------------ -- 135.8 30.9

Electric energy generated less sold mil kWh --------------- -- 9.7 (D)

Contract work mil dol ------------------------------------ -- 71.0 14.3

Cost of purchased communication services mil dol ------------ -- 3.5 .8

Value of shipments and receipts mil dol --------------------- -- 2 749.7 410.8

Value of resales mil dol ---------------------------------- -- 41.3 1.0

Inventories, end of 1991 mil dol ---------------------------- -- 373.0 46.0

Mined or quarried products mil dol ------------------------ -- 326.4 23.7

Supplies, parts, fuels, etc. mil dol ------------------------- -- 46.6 22.3

Inventories, end of 1992 mil dol ---------------------------- -- 383.3 41.2

Mined or quarried products mil dol ------------------------ -- 334.9 23.3 Supplies, parts, fuels, etc. mil dol ------------------------- -- 48.4 17.9

Item

Construction

sand and

gravel

(SIC 1442)

Industrial

sand

(SIC 1446)

Gross book value of depreciable assets (usually

original cost) at beginning of year mil dol ------------------- -- 3 301.6 549.8

Buildings and other structures, except land mil dol ---------- -- 287.9 64.7

Machinery and equipment mil dol ------------------------- -- 2 460.1 402.2

Mineral exploration and development mil dol --------------- -- 58.0 33.6

Mineral land and rights mil dol ---------------------------- -- 495.6 49.4

Capital expenditures during year (except land and

mineral rights) mil dol ------------------------------------- -- 233.1 25.6 New capital expenditures during year mil dol --------------- -- 159.6 22.6 Buildings and other structures, except land mil dol -------- -- 14.3 2.6 Machinery and equipment mil dol ----------------------- -- 145.3 20.0

Used capital expenditures during year mil dol -------------- -- 70.1 (D)

Buildings and other structures, except land mil dol -------- -- 2.4 (D)

Machinery and equipment mil dol ----------------------- -- 67.7 1.1

Mineral exploration and development mil dol --------------- -- 3.4 (D)

Capitalized mineral land and rights mil dol ------------------- -- 32.3 (D)

Deductions from depreciable assets during year mil dol ------- -- 238.1 7.1

Buildings and other structures, except land mil dol ---------- -- 20.9 (D)

Machinery and equipment mil dol ------------------------- -- 193.3 5.3

Mineral exploration and development mil dol --------------- -- 1.7 (D)

Mineral land and rights mil dol ---------------------------- -- 22.2 (D)

Gross book value of depreciable assets at end of

year mil dol ---------------------------------------------- -- 3 328.9 575.0

Buildings and other structures, except land mil dol ---------- -- 283.7 67.1

Machinery and equipment mil dol ------------------------- -- 2 479.9 417.9

Mineral exploration and development mil dol --------------- -- 59.7 34.7

Mineral land and rights mil dol ---------------------------- -- 505.7 55.3

Depreciation and depletion charges for year mil dol ----------- -- 267.4 35.5

Buildings and other structures, except land mil dol ---------- -- 21.0 3.3

Machinery and equipment mil dol ------------------------- -- 211.3 29.5

Mineral exploration and development mil dol --------------- -- 4.3 2.2

Mineral land and rights mil dol ---------------------------- -- 30.8 .6

Rental payments during year mil dol ------------------------ -- 54.0 3.1

Buildings and other structures, except land mil dol ---------- -- 7.9 .2

Machinery and equipment mil dol ------------------------- -- 46.1 2.9

Lease rents mil dol ---------------------------------------- -- 8.5 .8

Expensed mineral exploration, development, land,

and rights mil dol ----------------------------------------- -- 67.5 8.2

Mineral exploration and development mil dol --------------- -- 45.6 5.6 Mineral land and rights mil dol ---------------------------- -- 21.9 2.5

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Table 3b. Industry Statistics by Industry and Type of Operation: 1992 and 1987

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

Industry and type of operation

1992 1987

Establishments during

year All employees Production, development, andexploration workers

Total

(number)

With 20

employees

or more

(number)

Number

(1,000)

Payroll

(million

dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Hours

(millions)

Wages

(million

dollars)

Value

added by

mining

(million

dollars)

Cost of

supplies

used,

purchased

machinery

installed,

etc.

(million

dollars)

Value of

shipments

and

receipts

(million

dollars)

Capital

expenditures

(million

dollars)

All employees

(1,000)

Value

added by

mining

(million

dollars)

INDUSTRY 1442,

CONSTRUCTION SAND AND

GRAVEL

All establishments 2 ------------ 516 379 27.1 790.3 19.2 42.7 537.5 2 040.2 942.5 2 749.7 233.1 28.9 2 011.6

Producing establishments 2 -------------- 495 377 26.9 785.5 19.1 42.5 534.7 2 040.3 942.4 2 749.7 233.0 28.7 2 014.5

Mines only 83 -------------------------- 4 .7 17.6 .5 1.1 12.8 47.1 23.4 62.5 8.0 .6 33.7

Open-pit 79 -------------------------- 4 .6 15.9 .5 1.0 11.3 43.6 (D) 58.2 (D) (D) (D)

Combination and other mining

methods 4 ------------------------- – (Z) 1.7 (Z) .1 1.5 3.5 (D) 4.3 (D) (D) (D)

Mines with preparation plants 924 --------- 206 13.3 388.3 10.2 22.7 298.3 1 139.8 543.9 1 544.5 139.2 14.7 1 200.6

Underground 2 ---------------------- 1 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Open-pit 850 -------------------------- 190 12.4 362.6 9.5 21.1 277.9 1 059.3 502.7 1 433.0 129.1 13.3 1 101.7

Combination and other mining

methods 72 ------------------------- 15 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Separately operated preparation

plants 13 ----------------------------- 3 .2 5.8 .2 .4 4.3 7.0 19.8 25.4 1.4 .7 50.0

Undistributed1 ----------------------- 1 475 164 12.7 373.8 8.2 18.3 219.2 846.4 355.3 1 117.3 84.4 12.7 730.2

Nonproducing establishments 21 ----------- 2 .2 4.7 .1 .1 2.8 –.1 .2 – .1 .2 –3.0

INDUSTRY 1446, INDUSTRIAL

SAND

All establishments 161 ------------ 60 3.2 97.6 2.2 4.6 55.9 277.8 158.7 410.8 25.6 3.9 308.3

Producing establishments 161 -------------- 60 3.2 97.6 2.2 4.6 55.9 277.8 158.7 410.8 25.6 (D) (D)

Mines only 1 -------------------------- – (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Open-pit 1 -------------------------- – (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Mines with preparation plants 144 --------- 56 2.9 79.4 2.2 4.5 55.2 273.6 155.5 403.6 25.5 3.6 306.9 Open-pit 140 -------------------------- 54 2.8 77.1 2.1 4.4 54.2 267.4 (D) 393.9 (D) 3.4 294.3

Combination and other mining

methods 4 ------------------------- 2 .1 2.3 (Z) .1 1.1 6.1 (D) 9.6 (D) .2 12.6

Separately operated preparation

plants 4 ----------------------------- – (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Undistributed1 ----------------------- 12 4 .3 17.0 – – – – – – – .3 –

1Includes data for separately operated auxiliary establishments in addition to establishments that were not possible to classify based on the information available.

Table 4. Industry Statistics by Employment Size of Establishment: 1992

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

Industry and employment size class

All employees Production, development, and

exploration workers

E1

Establishments

during year

(number)

Number

(1,000)

Payroll

(million

dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Hours

(millions)

Wages

(million

dollars)

Value

added by

mining

(million

dollars)

Cost of

supplies

used,

purchased

machinery

installed,

etc.

(million

dollars)

Value of

shipments

and

receipts

(million

dollars)

Capital

expenditures

(million

dollars)

INDUSTRY 1442, CONSTRUCTION SAND

AND GRAVEL

Total E2 ---------------------------------- 2 516 27.1 790.3 19.2 42.7 537.5 2 040.2 942.5 2 749.7 233.1

Establishments with an average ofm

0 to 4 employees E5 ----------------------------- 1 032 2.0 48.3 1.6 3.6 37.2 177.0 79.6 234.8 21.8

5 to 9 employees E1 ----------------------------- 606 4.1 100.7 3.1 6.7 76.8 300.8 141.2 406.9 35.1

10 to 19 employees E1 -------------------------- 499 6.7 186.6 4.9 10.8 136.8 500.6 235.9 678.2 58.3

20 to 49 employees E1 -------------------------- 311 9.1 268.8 6.5 14.9 188.6 703.9 324.9 943.9 84.9

50 to 99 employees E1 -------------------------- 58 3.9 136.1 2.3 5.1 75.1 295.2 125.8 393.2 27.8

100 to 249 employees E3 ------------------------ 9 1.3 49.8 .8 1.6 23.0 62.8 35.1 92.6 5.3

250 to 499 employees – ------------------------ 1 (D) (D) – – – – – – –

Covered by administrative records2 --------------- E9 755 1.8 30.4 1.5 3.1 24.7 105.9 44.5 139.8 10.6

INDUSTRY 1446, INDUSTRIAL SAND

Total – ---------------------------------- 161 3.2 97.6 2.2 4.6 55.9 277.8 158.7 410.8 25.6

Establishments with an average ofm

0 to 4 employees E5 ----------------------------- 40 .1 1.5 .1 .1 1.0 6.2 4.0 9.9 .3

5 to 9 employees E4 ----------------------------- 30 .2 5.7 .1 .2 2.5 13.6 6.1 18.7 .9

10 to 19 employees E1 -------------------------- 31 .4 10.0 .2 .5 5.3 24.0 15.0 37.3 1.7

20 to 49 employees – -------------------------- 46 1.5 41.3 1.1 2.3 27.4 138.0 83.0 208.0 13.0

50 to 99 employees – -------------------------- 11 1.1 39.1 .7 1.4 19.7 96.0 50.6 136.8 9.7

100 to 249 employees – ------------------------ 3 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Covered by administrative records2 --------------- E9 42 .1 2.3 .1 .2 1.6 7.4 4.1 11.1 .4

Note: Data shown as a (D) are included in underscored figures above.

1See table 2, footnote 1.

nnnnnnnn2Some payroll and sales data for small single-establishment companies with up to 20 employees (cutoff varied by industry) were obtained from administrative records of other government

agencies rather than from census report forms. These data were then used in conjunction with industry averages to estimate data shown for these small establishments. Data are also included in

respective size classes shown.

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Table 5. Industry–Product AnalysismSummary of Industry Shipments and Receipts and Net

Shipments of Primary Products: 1992 and 1987

[Million dollars. An establishment is assigned to an industry based on shipment values of products representing largest amount considered primary to an industry. Frequently, establishment

shipments comprise mixtures of products assigned to an industry (primary), those considered primary to other industries (secondary), and receipts for activities such as resales or contract work.

Columns A–E show this product pattern for an industry. Extent to which an industry’s primary products are shipped by establishments classified in and out of an industry is shown in columns F–H.

For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

SIC

code Industry and year

Value of shipments and receipts Value of net shipments of primary

products or services

Total

Primary

products

Secondary

products

Receipts for services

Products

purchased

and resold without

further processing

Total produced in all industries

Produced in this

industry

Produced

in other

industries

A B CD E F G H

1442 Construction sand and gravel 1992 ----------------------------------- -- 2 749.7 2 539.8 134.6 34.0 41.3 12 953.3 12 482.6 470.7 1987-- 2 696.8 2 544.0 88.5 33.5 30.8 12 946.7 12 500.6 446.1

1446 Industrial sand 1992 ------------------------------------------------ -- 410.8 395.8 12.3 1.7 1.0 1407.4 1389.3 18.1 1987-- 442.1 398.8 (D) (D) 2.8 1408.2 1395.1 13.0

1Represents gross shipments less minerals received for preparation.

Table 6a. Products or Services: 1992 and 1987

[Includes quantity and value of products of this industry produced by (1) establishments classified in this industry (primary) and (2) establishments classified in other industries (secondary). Transfers

of products of this industry from one establishment of a company to another establishment of the same company (interplant transfers) are also included. For meaning of abbreviations and

symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

Product

code Product

1992 1987

Product shipments Product shipments

Quantity of

production

for all

purposes Quantity

Value

(million

dollars)

Quantity of

production

for all

purposes Quantity

Value

(million

dollars)

1442– –– CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL

 Total ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (X) (X) 3 010.4 (X) (X) 2 990.1

14421 Construction sand and gravel (run of pit or bank)------------------------------------------------------- (X) (X) 233.0 (X) (X) 143.0

14421 01 Construction sand ----------------------------------------------------------------------mil s tons-- 45.7 44.4 115.3 30.0 29.7 72.4

14421 05 Gravel --------------------------------------------------------------------------------mil s tons-- 41.9 41.0 117.7 28.0 27.6 70.6

14422 Construction sand and gravel (washed, screened, ground, or otherwise treated) --------------------------- (X) (X) 1 659.4 (X) (X) 1 588.2

14422 01 Construction sand ----------------------------------------------------------------------mil s tons-- 198.7 194.6 755.9 217.3 210.7 774.9

14422 05 Gravel --------------------------------------------------------------------------------mil s tons-- 214.2 206.2 903.6 205.9 200.5 813.2

14420 Construction sand and gravel, n.s.k.------------------------------------------------------------------- (X) (X) 1 118.0 (X) (X) 1 258.9

14420 00 Construction sand and gravel, n.s.k.1 2 -------------------------------------------------------------- (X) (X) 1 118.0 (X) (X) 1 258.9

1446– –– INDUSTRIAL SAND

 Total ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (X) (X) 413.9 (X) (X) 411.9

14461 Glass sand ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X) (X) 177.9 (X) (X) 162.2

14461 00 Glass sand ----------------------------------------------------------------------------mil s tons-- 13.4 13.4 177.9 13.3 13.2 162.2

14465 Molding sand --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X) (X) 69.0 (X) (X) 45.4

14465 00 Molding sand --------------------------------------------------------------------------mil s tons-- 5.1 5.1 69.0 4.3 4.3 45.4

14469 Industrial sand, n.e.c. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X) (X) 138.9 (X) (X) 134.7

14469 00 Industrial sand, n.e.c. -------------------------------------------------------------------mil s tons-- 6.9 6.8 138.9 8.2 7.8 134.7

14460 Industrial sand, n.s.k. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X) (X) 28.1 (X) (X) 69.6

14460 00 Industrial sand, n.s.k.1 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X) (X) 28.1 (X) (X) 69.6

1Includes value for establishments that did not report detailed data and estimates for small companies (estimates were made from administrative-record data rather than collected from

respondents). 2Includes construction sand and gravel shipped by establishments classified in manufacturing industries.

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Table 6b. Product ClassesmValue of Shipments by All Producers for Specified States: 1992

and 1987

[Million dollars. Product classes covered are those that are economically significant and whose production is geographically dispersed, provided dispersion is not approximated by data in table 2.

Also, product classes are not shown if they are miscellaneous or " not specified by type" classes. Statistics for some States are withheld because they are either less than $1 million in product class

shipments or they disclose data for individual companies in 1992. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

Product class and geographic area 1992 value of product

shipments

1987 value of product

shipments

14421, CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL

(RUN OF PIT OR BANK)

United States------------------------------- 233.0 143.0

California ------------------------------------------- 31.9 12.3 Florida---------------------------------------------- 5.6 (NA) Illinois ---------------------------------------------- 5.6 1.8 Indiana --------------------------------------------- 11.1 (NA) Iowa------------------------------------------------ 1.4 0.9

Michigan -------------------------------------------- 9.4 10.2

Nebraska ------------------------------------------- 1.3 1.3

New Hampshire ------------------------------------- 1.7 2.5

New Jersey ----------------------------------------- 6.9 4.6

Ohio------------------------------------------------ 13.3 7.7

South Carolina -------------------------------------- 1.9 1.8

Texas ---------------------------------------------- 15.7 8.2

14422, CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL

(WASHED, SCREENED, GROUND, OR

OTHERWISE TREATED)

United States------------------------------- 1 659.4 1 588.2

Alabama -------------------------------------------- 26.1 20.5

Arizona --------------------------------------------- 31.2 (NA)

California ------------------------------------------- 286.7 304.2

Florida---------------------------------------------- 62.9 (NA)

Illinois ---------------------------------------------- 83.7 79.4

Indiana --------------------------------------------- 68.2 (NA)

Iowa------------------------------------------------ 30.9 17.7

Kansas --------------------------------------------- 18.5 22.6

Kentucky-------------------------------------------- 16.1 (NA)

Product class and geographic area 1992 value of product

shipments

1987 value of product

shipments

14422, CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL

(WASHED, SCREENED, GROUND, OR

OTHERWISE TREATED)mCon.

Louisiana ------------------------------------------- 32.7 27.1 Michigan -------------------------------------------- 76.1 75.1 Montana -------------------------------------------- 3.6 (NA) Nebraska ------------------------------------------- 21.7 13.3 New Hampshire ------------------------------------- 15.2 16.4

New Jersey ----------------------------------------- 49.3 54.4

Ohio------------------------------------------------ 120.9 131.0

South Carolina -------------------------------------- 20.1 10.6

Texas ---------------------------------------------- 94.6 94.7

Utah------------------------------------------------ 5.2 3.7

Vermont -------------------------------------------- 2.7 (NA)

14461, GLASS SAND

United States------------------------------- 177.9 162.2

California ------------------------------------------- 30.6 32.1

Florida---------------------------------------------- 3.1 (NA)

Illinois ---------------------------------------------- 18.3 14.2

Texas ---------------------------------------------- 6.2 (NA)

14465, MOLDING SAND

United States------------------------------- 69.0 45.4

Alabama -------------------------------------------- 3.6 (NA)

Illinois ---------------------------------------------- 14.2 (NA)

14469, INDUSTRIAL SAND, N.E.C.

United States------------------------------- 138.9 134.7

California ------------------------------------------- 6.3 (NA)

Illinois ---------------------------------------------- 31.4 26.1

Table 7a. Selected Supplies, Minerals Received for Preparation, and Purchased Machinery

Installed: 1992 and 1987

[Includes quantity and cost of supplies consumed or put into production by establishments classified only in this industry. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For

explanation of terms, see appendixes]

Supply

code Industry and supply consumed

1992 1987

Quantity

Delivered cost

(million dollars) Quantity

Delivered cost

(million dollars)

INDUSTRY 1442, CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL

Selected supplies used, minerals received for preparation, and purchased

machinery installed------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X) 570.3 (X) 555.2

Minerals or ores for preparation:

141101 Rough blocks received and used to produce dressed stone 1,000 s tons ------------------------------- -- – –– –

142101 Broken stone received for preparation (crushing, screening, washing, etc.) mil s tons --------------------- -- 1.8 5.3 .4 1.5

144191 Sand and gravel received for preparation mil s tons -------------------------------------------------- -- 24.3 57.1 23.1 43.3

353020 Purchased machinery installed, including mobile loading, transportation, and other

equipment installed at the operation ------------------------------------------------------------------- (X) 97.9 (X) 109.2

353030 Parts and attachments for mining, mineral preparation, construction, and conveying

machinery and equipment ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X) 82.3 (X) 73.2

Supplies used:

289211 Explosive materials, except ammonium nitrate --------------------------------------------------------- (X) 2.1 (X) 2.1

289212 Ammonium nitrate ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X) .1 (X) .5

289214 Blasting accessories -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X) .3 (X) .8

300167 Rubber and plastics products, including tires and tubes------------------------------------------------- (X) 5.3 (X) 6.4

331066 Steel shapes and forms, except castings and forgings-------------------------------------------------- (X) 6.4 (X) 7.6

970098 All other supplies ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X) 62.4 (X) 60.2

973000 Undistributed - minerals, purchased machinery, parts, attachments, and supplies used1 ---------------------- (X) 251.0 (X) 250.6

INDUSTRY 1446, INDUSTRIAL SAND

Selected supplies used, minerals received for preparation, and purchased

machinery installed------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X) 87.7 (X) 83.0

Minerals or ores for preparation:

141101 Rough blocks received and used to produce dressed stone 1,000 s tons ------------------------------- -- – –– –

142101 Broken stone received for preparation (crushing, screening, washing, etc.) mil s tons --------------------- -- (D) (D) (D) (D)

144191 Sand and gravel received for preparation mil s tons -------------------------------------------------- -- 1.7 6.5 (S) 3.7

353020 Purchased machinery installed, including mobile loading, transportation, and other

equipment installed at the operation ------------------------------------------------------------------- (X) 20.2 (X) 13.4

353030 Parts and attachments for mining, mineral preparation, construction, and conveying

machinery and equipment ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X) 11.9 (X) 12.9

See footnotes at end of table.

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Table 7a. Selected Supplies, Minerals Received for Preparation, and Purchased Machinery

Installed: 1992 and 1987mCon.

[Includes quantity and cost of supplies consumed or put into production by establishments classified only in this industry. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For

explanation of terms, see appendixes]

Supply

code Industry and supply consumed

1992 1987

Quantity

Delivered cost

(million dollars) Quantity

Delivered cost

(million dollars)

INDUSTRY 1446, INDUSTRIAL SANDmCon.

Supplies used:

289211 Explosive materials, except ammonium nitrate --------------------------------------------------------- (X) .6 (X) .8 289212 Ammonium nitrate ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X) .6 (X) .6

289214 Blasting accessories -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X) (D) (X) (D)

300167 Rubber and plastics products, including tires and tubes------------------------------------------------- (X) .3 (X) .6

331066 Steel shapes and forms, except castings and forgings-------------------------------------------------- (X) .7 (X) 3.8

970098 All other supplies ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X) 37.0 (X) 31.2

973000 Undistributed - minerals, purchased machinery, parts, attachments, and supplies used1 ---------------------- (X) 9.4 (X) 15.1

1Represents cost for establishments that did not report detailed data, including establishments that were not mailed a form.

Table 7b. Fuels Consumed by Type: 1992 and 1987

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

Fuel

code Industry and fuel consumed

1992 1987

Quantity

Delivered cost

(million dollars) Quantity

Delivered cost

(million dollars)

INDUSTRY 1442, CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL

Fuels used ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X) 128.2 (X) 127.7

120005 Coal - bituminous, subbituminous, lignite, and anthracite 1,000 s tons ------------------------------------ -- (D) (D) (Z) (Z) Fuel oil: 291141 Distillate (light) grade numbers 1, 2, 4, and light diesel fuel 1,000 bbl ---------------------------------- -- 1 138.8 36.2 1 248.0 34.8 291151 Residual (heavy) grade numbers 5 and 6 and heavy diesel fuel 1,000 bbl ------------------------------ -- 180.8 6.2 131.1 3.6 131159 Gas - natural, manufactured, and mixed bil cu ft -------------------------------------------------------- -- .7 1.7 .2 .4 291111 Gasoline-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------mil gal-- 5.1 5.0 5.7 4.8 960018 Other fuels - liquefied petroleum gas, coke, wood, etc. --------------------------------------------------- (X) (D) (X) 2.6 974000 Undistributed fuels1 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X) 77.0 (X) 81.5

INDUSTRY 1446, INDUSTRIAL SAND

Fuels used ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X) 24.8 (X) 29.5

120005 Coal - bituminous, subbituminous, lignite, and anthracite 1,000 s tons ------------------------------------ -- (D) (D) (D) (D)

Fuel oil:

291141 Distillate (light) grade numbers 1, 2, 4, and light diesel fuel 1,000 bbl ---------------------------------- -- 128.9 4.0 150.9 4.1

291151 Residual (heavy) grade numbers 5 and 6 and heavy diesel fuel 1,000 bbl ------------------------------ -- 36.8 .7 (D) (D)

131159 Gas - natural, manufactured, and mixed bil cu ft -------------------------------------------------------- -- 5.9 13.3 5.5 14.3

291111 Gasoline-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------mil gal-- .4 .4 .7 .7

960018 Other fuels - liquefied petroleum gas, coke, wood, etc. --------------------------------------------------- (X) (D) (X) 1.5

974000 Undistributed fuels1 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (X) 4.6 (X) 7.1

1Represents cost for establishments that did not report detailed data, including establishments that were not mailed a form.

Table 8. Mining Activities of Manufacturing Establishments With Associated Mines by

Industry for Selected States: 1992

[Represents data reported for mining activities by establishments classified in manufacturing industries. Figures may be understated due to use of administrative records and short forms. For

explanation of use of administrative records, see appendixes. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text.]

Industry and geographic area

Production, development, and exploration

workers

Establishments

during year

(number)

Hours

(millions)

Wages

(million dollars)

Cost of supplies

used, etc.

(million dollars)

Quantity of

production

(1,000 s tons)

SAND AND GRAVEL MINES INCLUDED IN MANUFACTURES

United States --------------------------------------------------------- 157 2.0 26.4 43.2 39 670.0

Arizona------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 .4 4.3 7.0 6 314.7

California ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 .2 2.8 3.9 3 160.0

Colorado ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 .1 1.0 1.9 1 379.2

Michigan----------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 .1 .7 1.0 1 517.0

Nevada------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 .2 4.3 8.7 7 963.9

New York---------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 .1 1.5 1.4 1 298.7 Utah -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 (D) (D) (D) (D)

Washington -------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 .1 1.9 4.7 4 743.0

Note: States with less than 50 thousand hours for employees engaged in production, development, and exploration work are not shown.

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Appendix A.

Explanation of Terms

Employment and related items. The report forms requested

separate information on production, development, and

exploration workers for a specific payroll period within

each quarter of the year and on other employees as of the

payroll period which included the 12th of March.

All employees. This item includes all full-time and parttime employees on the payrolls of mining establishments

during any part of the pay period which included the 12th

of the months specified on the report form. Included are all

persons on paid sick leave, paid holidays, and paid vacations during these pay periods. Also included are employees working for miners paid on a per ton, car, or yard basis.

Excluded are employees at the mine but on the payroll of

another employer (such as employees of contractors) and

employees at company stores, boardinghouses, bunkhouses, and recreational centers. Also excluded are members of the Armed Forces and pensioners carried on the

active rolls but not working during the period. Officers of

corporations are included as employees; proprietors and

partners of unincorporated firms are excluded.

Production, development, and exploration workers. This

item includes employees (up through the workingsupervisor level) engaged in manual work (using tools,

operating machines, hauling materials, loading and hauling

products out of the mine in mine cars or trucks, and caring

for mines, plants, mills, shops, or yards). Included are

exploration work, mine development, storage, shipping,

maintenance, repair, janitorial, and guard services, auxiliary production for use at establishments (such as power

plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with these production and development operations at

the establishment covered by the report. Gang and straw

bosses and supervisors who performed manual labor are

included, as are employees paid on either a time- or

piece-rate basis. Also included are miners paid on a per

ton, car, or yard basis and persons engaged by them and

paid out of the total amount received by these miners. In

addition, other employees at the establishment but not on

its payroll are included if paid directly through its own

employees, such as superintendents and supervisors. The

payments received by these types of employees are

included as part of the establishments payroll. Employees

above the working-supervisor level are excluded from this

category.

All other employees. This item covers nonproduction

employees of the establishment including those engaged

in the following activities: supervision above the workingsupervisor level, sales, highway trucking (by employees

not entering mines or pits), advertising, credit, collection,

clerical and routine office functions, executive, purchasing,

financing, legal, personnel (including cafeteria and medical), professional (such as engineers and geologists), and

technical activities. Also included are employees on the

payroll of the establishment engaged in the construction of

major additions or alterations to the plant and utilized as a

separate work force. (Workers engaged in regular maintenance and repair operations are not included here but are

classified as production, development, and exploration

workers.)

Separatelyoperated auxiliaryestablishments employees. This

item includes employment at separate central administrative offices or auxiliary units of multiestablishment companies and at those offices or units servicing more than one

establishment during the payroll period which included

March 12. Establishments are classified on the basis of the

industry or principal industry served. Employees at an

office located at or near the mining establishment are

usually included in the mine report.

All employees, average for year. The 1992 census report

form requested employment figures for production, development, and exploration workers for four selected pay

periods (mid-March, May, August, and November). For all

other employees, only a mid-March figure was requested.

The annual average is an average of the four monthly

figures for production, development, and exploration workers plus the March figure for all other employees. This

approach was used to simplify the schedule format and

lighten the reporting burden of respondents, since it was

found that the average of these selected pay periods

closely approximates, for most industries, the average

employment for the year that would be obtained from 12

monthly pay periods.

Payroll. This item includes the gross earnings of all

employees on the payroll of mining establishments paid in

the calendar year 1992. It includes all forms of compensation such as salaries, wages, commissions, payments

received on a ton, car, or yard basis, dismissal pay,

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bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, employee contributions to pension plans (such as 401(K) plan), and compensation in kind, prior to such deductions as employees’

Social Security contributions, withholding taxes, group

insurance, union dues, and savings bonds. The total

includes salaries of officers of corporations; it excludes

payments to proprietors or partners of unincorporated

concerns, and payments to members of Armed Forces and

pensioners carried on the active payroll of mining establishments. Also excluded are royalty payments to unions

and costs of smithing, explosives, fuses, electric cap

lamps, and mine supplies used in production, development, and exploration work but charged to employees and

deducted from their wages.

As in the case of employment and establishment figures, the annual payrolls of separate auxiliary establishments of multiestablishment companies are included in the

totals for individual industries and for States.

Production-, development-, and exploration-worker hours.

This item represents all hours that production, development, and exploration workers worked, both on active days

during which there was production or development work

and on inactive days when only security guards, inspectors, repair persons, and other maintenance persons were

on duty. It includes all hours worked or paid for at the

mining operations, except hours paid for vacations, holidays, or sick leave, when the employee was not at the

establishment. Included are actual overtime hours, not

straight time equivalent hours. Hours of working proprietors or partners and employees of contractors are excluded.

Supplemental labor costs. This item represents employer’s

cost for fringe benefits not included in payrolls.

Legally required expenditures, including Social Security

contributions. This cost includes employer contributions

for all programs required under Federal and State legislation, such as Federal Old Age and Survivors’ Insurance,

unemployment compensation, and worker’s compensation. Also included are legally required State temporary

disability payments.

Payments for voluntary programs. Included in this cost

are payments resulting from union negotiated contracts

and all employer payments of insurance premiums on

hospital and medical plans, life insurance premiums, and

premiums on supplementary accident and sickness insurance. For programs supported by joint employer-employee

contributions, only the employer payments are included.

Also included are payments or allocations on all pension

plans regardless of methods of administration, supplemental unemployment compensation plans, welfare plans,

stock purchase plans in which the employer payment is not

subject to withholding tax, and deferred profit sharing

plans.

Value added by mining. This measure of mining activity

is derived by subtracting the cost of supplies, minerals

received for preparation, purchased machinery installed,

purchased fuel, purchased electricity, and contract work

from the sum of the value of shipments (mining products

plus receipts for services rendered) and total capital

expenditures. This statistic avoids the duplication in value

of shipments and receipts which results from the use of

products of some establishments as supplies, energy

sources, or materials by others. Moreover, it provides a

measure of value added not only in mineral production but

also in the development of mineral properties. For these

reasons, it is considered to be the best value measure for

comparing the relative economic importance of mining

among industries and geographic areas.

Cost of supplies used, purchased machinery installed,

etc. Besides supplies used and purchased machinery

installed, this cost includes fuels and electric energy used

and contract work done by others for each establishment.

It includes charges to both the current and capital accounts.

It also includes the cost of items used during 1992 whether

they were purchased, withdrawn from inventories, or received

from other establishments of the company. For selected

supplies and fuels and for electric energy, both quantity

and cost data were requested. The cost data refer to direct

charges actually paid or payable (after discounts) for items

used during the year. Freight charges and other direct

charges incurred by the establishment in acquiring the item

are included. Companies whose records did not show

actual amounts used were asked to approximate use by

adding purchases (or receipts) during the year to beginning

inventory and subtracting ending inventory. Separate figures were requested for (1) selected supplies used, minerals received for preparation, and purchased machinery

installed; (2) electric energy purchased; (3) purchased

fuels used for heat, power, or the generation of electricity;

(4) contract work done by others; and (5) products bought

and resold in the same condition. Supplies and equipment

used in mine development, plant expansion, and capitalized repairs, which are chargeable to fixed assets accounts,

are included in this item, as are supplies furnished without

charge to contractors for use at the mining operation and

supplies sold to employees for use at the establishment.

Excluded are such costs as advertising, insurance, telephone, and research and consulting services of other

establishments or such overhead costs as depreciation

charges, rent, interest, and royalties.

Selected supplies used, minerals prepared, etc. In

addition to the total cost of supplies used, purchased

machinery installed, etc., which every establishment was

required to report, information also was collected on the

consumption of major supplies used in mining. These

inquiries were restricted to supplies which were important

parts of the cost of production, exploration, and development of a particular industry and for which cost information

was available. Table 7a contains information on specific

supplies consumed. On report forms for most mineral

industries (except the contract services and the crude

petroleum and natural gas industries), a uniform inquiry

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was included on minerals prepared at the reported establishments. Figures were obtained on crude minerals mined

at the establishment (quantity), received from other establishments of the company or purchased from others (quantity and cost), and received for preparation on a custom or

toll basis (quantity and estimated value). Establishments

consuming less than a specified amount (usually $25,000)

were not required to report the cost of a supply. For small

establishments for which administrative records were used,

the cost of supplies was included in ‘‘not specified by

kind.’’ (See Summary of Findings for the importance of

administrative records to any industry.)

Value of shipments and receipts. The amounts shown

as value of shipments and receipts for each industry

(tables 1 through 5), and for individual products or classes

of products (table 6), are the net selling values, f.o.b. mine

or plant after discounts and allowances, excluding freight

charges and excise taxes. Shipments includes all products

physically shipped from the establishment during 1992,

including material withdrawn from stockpiles and products

shipped on consignment, whether or not sold in 1992.

Prepared material or concentrates includes preparation

from ores mined at the same establishment, purchased,

received from other operations of the same company, or

received for milling on a custom or toll basis. For products

transferred to other establishments of the same company

or prepared on a custom basis, companies were requested

to report the estimated value, not merely the cost of

producing the items. Multiestablishment companies were

asked to report value information for each establishment

as if it were a separate economic unit. They were instructed

to report the value of all products transferred to other

plants of the company at their full economic value; to

include, in addition to direct cost of production, a reasonable proportion of company overhead and profits.

For all establishments classified in an industry, value of

shipments and receipts includes (1) the value of all primary

products of the industry, (2) the value of secondary products which are primary to other industries, (3) the receipts

for contract work done for others, except custom milling,

and (4) the value of products purchased and resold without

further processing. Receipts for custom milling are not

included to avoid duplication with the value of custom

milled ores included in an industry’s primary and secondary

products. Some duplication exists in industry and industry

group totals because of the inclusion of materials transferred from one establishment to another for mineral

preparation or resale.

Shipments of individual products. In the 1992 Census

of Mineral Industries, information was collected on output

for about 150 individual mineral products. In general, the

shipments figures of the 1992 and 1987 minerals censuses

were confined to separate totals for each crude and each

prepared mineral. When shipments were significant, separate figures also were obtained on crude minerals going

to preparation plants and those going to consumers.

Figures were collected on both quantity and value of

shipments. Shipments includes commercial shipments and

transfers of products to other operations of the same

company. For products that are used to a significant extent

within the same establishment for power or heat, and for

minerals mined and prepared in the same establishment,

total production figures or separate data on production for

such uses were collected. Typically, production also was

collected for products for which there was usually significant differences between total production and total shipments because of stock changes.

For service industries, the amount received or due for

services performed during 1992 was collected as a measure of output. For mine operators who also perform

services, the amount received for such services was

added to the total value of products shipped to determine

total value of shipments and receipts for each establishment.

Table 6 provides total shipments figures from all industries for each of the products primary to the industry

covered.

Capital expenditures. This item covers expenditures

made during the year for development and exploration of

mineral properties, for new construction, and for purchased machinery chargeable to fixed assets accounts of

the mineral establishment. They are the type for which

depreciation, depletion, or Office of Minerals Exploration

accounts are ordinarily maintained. Capital expenditures

during 1992 were determined as ‘‘additions completed

during the year plus construction in progress at the end of

the year minus construction in progress at the beginning of

the year.’’ Reported capital expenditures include work

done on contract, as well as by the mine forces. Expenditures for machinery and equipment include those made for

replacement purposes, as well as those for additions to

capacity. Excluded from these expenditures were costs of

maintenance and repairs charged as current operating

expense and expenditures for land and mineral rights.

Whenever applicable, separate figures were provided

for expenditures for development and exploration of mineral property, construction of preparation plants and other

construction, new machinery and equipment, used plant,

and used equipment acquired from others.

Gross value of depreciable assets. Assets data were

collected on buildings, other structures, machinery, equipment, capitalized mineral exploration and development,

and mineral land and rights for which depreciation, amortization, or depletion accounts are maintained. The values

shown represent the actual cost of assets at the time they

were acquired, including all costs incurred in making the

assets usable (such as transportation and installation

costs). The data were collected for the beginning and end

of the year. Assets at the beginning of the year plus new

and used capital expenditures minus retirements should

equal assets at the end of the year. For new construction

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or other improvement projects in progress but not completed by the end of the year, the cumulative capital

expenditures were included in the beginning- and end-ofyear assets figures.

Retirements. This item represents the gross value of

depreciable assets sold, retired, scrapped, destroyed, abandoned, etc., during 1992. The values shown are the

acquisition costs of the retired assets. This item also

includes the value of assets (at acquisition cost rather than

current market value) transferred to other establishments

of the same company.

Depreciation. This item shows the reduction in value of

depreciable assets brought about through use, gradual

obsolescence, or the effect of the elements (decay or

corrosion) during the year. Included are charges against

assets acquired or completed during the year.

Rental payments. This item consists of rental payments

made to other companies for use of such depreciable

assets as buildings, other structures, machinery, and equipment. It does not include payments made to the parent

company or another subsidiary of the parent company for

the use of buildings and equipment owned by the parent

company or its subsidiary. The value of such companyowned assets is included in the gross value of depreciable

assets.

Rented equipment is reported according to the type of

lease negotiated with the lessor. If the lease qualified as an

‘‘operating lease’’ the periodic payments made to the

producer or the lessor are reported in the rental section.

However, if the leasing arrangement met the criteria set

down by the Financial Accounting Standards Board for a

‘‘capital lease,’’ the original cost or market value of the

equipment or building is reported as a value of fixed assets

and not as rental payments.

Current account expenditures. This item includes all

expenses for mineral properties, exploration, and development charged to current accounts. This includes all supplies, machinery, equipment, parts, fuels, power, etc., used

for development or exploration and charged to current

operating expenses. Also included are royalty payments,

acquisition costs for mineral land and rights which were not

capitalized, and the cost of maintenance and repairs

associated with exploration or development activity and

charged to current accounts.

Inventories. This item includes inventories of mined or

quarried products and supplies, parts, fuels, etc., at the

beginning and end of the year. Included as mined or

quarried products are stockpiles of products ready for

shipment and stocks of raw products awaiting treatment or

beneficiation. Beginning with the 1982 Census of Mineral

Industries, all respondents were requested to report their

inventories at (the lower of) cost or market prior to

adjustment to LIFO cost. This is a change from the 1977

census in which respondents were permitted to value their

inventories using any generally accepted accounting method.

Fuels and electric energy used. This item includes the

quantity and cost of fuels and electric energy used in

mining. For most industries, separate quantity and cost

figures are shown for purchased coal, distillate fuel oil,

residual fuel oil, gas, gasoline, and electric energy, and a

cost figure is shown for ‘‘other fuels’’ (see table 7b). Data

also were obtained on the quantity of fuels and electric

energy produced and consumed at the same establishment. These data are shown for coal, crude petroleum,

and natural gas used at the producing establishments for

heat and power, and for electric energy generated and

used at the same mining operations. For electric energy,

the quantity generated and used is approximated by subtracting the quantity of electric energy sold from the total

quantity generated (excluding generating station use).

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Appendix B.

Product Code Comparability Tables

Part 1.nnComparability of Product Classes and Product Codes That Changed: 1992 to 1987

1992 1987

10211 04 10211 03

10211 04 10211 05

10311 04 10311 03

10311 04 10311 05

10411 04 10411 03

10411 04 10411 05

10441 04 10441 03

10441 04 10441 05

10941 02 10941 01

10941 02 10941 03

10941 02 10941 05

10997 10610

10997 10611

10997 10612

1992 1987

10997 00 10610 00

10997 11 10611 00

10997 29 10612 29

10997 31 10612 31

10998 10991

10998 10993

10998 10999

10998 11 10991 11

10998 11 10993 11

10998 11 10999 11

10998 21 10991 21

10998 21 10993 21

10998 21 10999 21

12211 01 12211 04

12211 01 12211 05

12211 01 12211 06

12211 03 12211 14

12211 03 12211 15

12211 03 12211 16

1992 1987

12212 01 12212 07

12212 01 12212 08

12212 01 12212 09

12221 01 12221 04

12221 01 12221 05

12221 03 12221 14

12221 03 12221 15

12222 01 12222 07

12222 01 12222 08

12222 17 12222 18

12311 01 12311 04

12311 03 12311 14

12312 01 12312 07

14110 14111

14110 14115

14110 14119

1992 1987

14110 11 14111 00

14110 15 14115 00

14110 19 14119 00

14591 00 14591 11

14591 00 14591 21

14599 00 14599 11

14599 00 14599 21

14744 00 14744 01

14744 00 14744 03

14752 07 14752 06

14752 07 14752 08

14791 00 14791 12

14791 00 14791 22

14798 14792

14798 14799

14798 00 14792 12

14798 00 14792 22

14798 00 14799 00

14810 19 14810 17

14810 19 14810 20

Part 2.nnComparability of Product Classes and Product Codes That Changed: 1987 to 1992

1987 1992

10211 03 10211 04

10211 05 10211 04

10311 03 10311 04

10311 05 10311 04

10411 03 10411 04

10411 05 10411 04

10441 03 10441 04

10441 05 10441 04

10610 10997

10610 00 10997 00

10611 10997

10611 00 10997 11

10612 10997

10612 29 10997 29

10612 31 10997 31

1987 1992

10941 01 10941 02

10941 03 10941 02

10941 05 10941 02

10991 10998

10991 11 10998 11

10991 21 10998 21

10993 10998

10993 11 10998 11

10993 21 10998 21

10999 10998

10999 11 10998 11

10999 21 10998 21

12211 04 12211 01

12211 05 12211 01

12211 06 12211 01

12211 14 12211 03

12211 15 12211 03

12211 16 12211 03

12212 07 12212 01

1987 1992

12212 08 12212 01

12212 09 12212 01

12221 04 12221 01

12221 05 12221 01

12221 14 12221 03

12221 15 12221 03

12222 07 12222 01

12222 08 12222 01

12222 18 12222 17

12311 04 12311 01

12311 14 12311 03

12312 07 12312 01

14111 14110

14111 00 14110 11

14115 14110

14115 00 14110 15

1987 1992

14119 14110

14119 00 14110 19

14591 11 14591 00

14591 21 14591 00

14599 11 14599 00

14599 21 14599 00

14744 01 14744 00

14744 03 14744 00

14752 06 14752 07

14752 08 14752 07

14791 12 14791 00

14791 22 14791 00

14792 14798

14792 12 14798 00

14792 22 14798 00

14799 14798

14799 00 14798 00

14810 17 14810 19

14810 20 14810 19

MINERAL INDUSTRIESmINDUSTRY SERIES APPENDIX BnnB–1
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1992 CENSUS OF MINERAL INDUSTRIES

Publications of the 1992 Census of Mineral Industries,

containing data on establishments primarily engaged in

the extraction of minerals, are described below. Publications order forms for the specific reports may be obtained

from any Department of Commerce district office or from

Data User Services Division, Customer Services, Bureau of

the Census, Washington, DC 20233-8300.

Preliminary Reports

Industry series—12 reports (MIC92-I-10A(P) to -14E(P))

Preliminary data from the 1992 census are issued in 12

separate reports covering 31 mineral industries. Preliminary summary data for the United States and States are

released in one report.

Final Reports

Industry series—12 reports (MIC92-I-10A to -14E)

Each of the 12 reports provides information for an

industry or a group of related industries (e.g., clay, ceramic,

and refractory minerals). Final figures for the United States

are shown for each of 31 mineral industries on quantity and

value of products shipped and supplies used; inventories;

quantity and cost of fuels and electric energy purchased

and the quantities of fuels produced and consumed;

capital expenditures; assets; rents; employment; depreciation, amortization, and depletion; payroll; hours worked;

cost of purchased machinery; value added by mining;

mineral development, and exploration costs; number of

establishments; and number of companies. Comparative

statistics for earlier years are included. Industry statistics

are shown by State, type of operation, and size of establishment.

Geographic area series—9 reports (MIC92-A-1 to -9)

A separate report for each of the nine geographic

divisions presents statistics for individual States and offshore areas for two- and three-digit industry groups by

type of operation and by county. Also, data are shown for

value of shipments; value added by mining; employment;

payroll; hours worked; capital expenditures; cost of supplies, etc.; purchased machinery installed; and number of

mining establishments, with comparative 1987 data on

employment and value added by mining.

Subject series—2 reports (MIC92-S-1 and -2)

One of these reports is a general national-level summary; the other report contains detailed statistics on fuels

and electric energy consumed by mineral industries.

Reference series—1 report (MC92-R-1)

The Numerical List of Manufactured and Mineral Products includes a description of the principal products and

services published in the 1992 Censuses of Manufactures

and Mineral Industries.

Electronic Media

All data included in the printed reports are available on

compact disc–read only memory (CD-ROM). The CD-ROM’s

provide the same information found in the reports. Electronic media products are available for users who wish to

summarize, rearrange, or process large amounts of data.

These products, with corresponding technical documentation, are sold by Data User Services Division, Customer

Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233-

8300.

OTHER ECONOMIC CENSUSES REPORTS

Data on retail trade, wholesale trade, service industries,

financial, insurance, real estate, construction industries,

manufactures, transportation, communications, utilities, enterprise statistics, minority-owned businesses, and womenowned businesses also are available from the 1992 Economic Census. A separate series of reports covers the

census of outlying areas—Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands of

the United States, Guam, and the Commonwealth of the

Northern Mariana Islands. Separate announcements describing these reports are available free of charge from Data

User Services Division, Customer Services, Bureau of the

Census, Washington, DC 20233-8300.

Publication Program