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Census of

Construction Industries

CC92-I-6

INDUSTRY SERIES

Highway and Street

Construction Contractors,

Except Elevated Highways

Industry 1611

U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
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Census of

Construction Industries

CC92-I-6

INDUSTRY SERIES

Highway and Street

Construction Contractors,

Except Elevated Highways

Industry 1611

U.S. Department of Commerce

Ronald H. Brown, Secretary

David J. Barram, Deputy Secretary

Economics and Statistics Administration

Everett M. Ehrlich, Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Martha Farnsworth Riche, Director

Issued June 1995
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Many persons participated in the various activities of the 1992 Census of Construction

Industries. The overall planning and review of the census operations were performed by the

Economic Census Staff of the Economic Planning and Coordination Division.

This report was prepared in the Manufacturing and Construction Division. Barry A. Rappaport,

Assistant Chief for Construction and Mineral Census and Related Programs, was responsible for

the overall planning, management, and coordination of the census of construction industries.

Planning and implementation were under the direction of Patricia L. Horning, Chief, Construction

and Mineral Census Branch, with staff assistance by Juliana Van Berkum, Susan L. Hostetter,

Doris M. Kling, Carolyn J. Stone, and Linda M. Taylor. The sampling plans and variance and

estimation specifications were developed by Dennis K. Duke. Under the direction of C. Lloyd

Anderson, the Systems Support Staff maintained the small computers and assisted in the

management of computer output.

Systems and procedures for mailout, receipt, correspondence, data input, industry classification, other clerical processing, administrative-record processing, quality control, and the associated electronic computer programs, were developed in the Economic Planning and Coordination

Division.

Mailout preparation and receipt operations, clerical and analytical review activities, data

keying, and geocoding review were performed by the staff of the Data Preparation Division,

Judith N. Petty, Chief.

Geographic coding procedures and associated computer programs were developed by the staff

of the Geography Division, Joel Morrison, Chief.

The computer processing systems were developed and coordinated in the Economic

Statistical Methods and Programming Division, Charles P. Paulter, Jr., Chief, and Sarah W.

Baumgardner, Assistant Chief. Samuel Rozenel, Chief, Current Construction Branch, was

responsible for the design and implementation of the computer systems. The computer programs

were prepared under the supervision of Leonard S. Sammarco and Kevin J. Montgomery.

Computer processing was performed in the Computer Services Division, Marvin D. Raines,

Chief.

The staff of the Administrative and Publications Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief,

performed planning, design, composition, editorial review, and printing planning and procurement

for the publications and report forms. Bernadette J. Gayle provided publication coordination and

editing.

Special acknowledgment is also due the many businesses whose cooperation has contributed

to the publication of these data.

If you have any questions concerning the statistics in this report, call 301-457-4680.

Acknowledgments
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MANUFACTURING AND CONSTRUCTION DIVISION

David W. Cartwright, Chief

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Martha Farnsworth Riche, Director

Harry A. Scarr, Deputy Director

Paula J. Schneider, Principal Associate

Director for Programs

Frederick T. Knickerbocker, Associate

Director for Economic Programs

Thomas L. Mesenbourg, Assistant Director

for Economic Programs

ECONOMIC PLANNING AND COORDINATION

DIVISION

John P. Govoni, Chief

Economics and Statistics

Administration

Everett M. Ehrlich, Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
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Introduction to

the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC

CENSUS

The economic census is the major source of facts about

the structure and functioning of the Nation’s economy. It

provides essential information for government, business,

industry, and the general public.

The economic census furnishes an important part of the

framework for such composite measures as the gross

domestic product, input/ output measures, production and

price indexes, and other statistical series that measure

short-term changes in economic conditions.

Policymaking agencies of the Federal Government use

the data, especially in monitoring economic activity and

providing assistance to business.

State and local governments use the data to assess

business activities and tax bases within their jurisdictions

and to develop programs to attract business.

Trade associations study trends in their own and competing industries and keep their members informed of

market changes.

Individual businesses use the data to locate potential

markets and to analyze their own production and sales

performance relative to industry or area averages.

AUTHORITY AND SCOPE

Title 13 of the United States Code (sections 131, 191,

and 224) directs the Census Bureau to take the economic

census every 5 years, covering years ending in 2 and 7.

The 1992 Economic Census consists of the following eight

censuses:

• Census of Retail Trade

• Census of Wholesale Trade

• Census of Service Industries

• Census of Financial, Insurance, and Real Estate

Industries

• Census of Transportation, Communications, and

Utilities

• Census of Manufactures

• Census of Mineral Industries

• Census of Construction Industries

Special programs also cover enterprise statistics and

minority-owned and women-owned businesses. (The 1992

Census of Agriculture and 1992 Census of Governments

are conducted separately.) The next economic census is

scheduled to be taken in 1998 covering the year 1997.

AVAILABILITY OF THE DATA

The results of the economic census are available in

printed reports for sale by the U.S. Government Printing

Office and on compact discs for sale by the Census

Bureau. Order forms for all types of products are available

on request from Customer Services, Bureau of the Census,

Washington, DC 20233-8300. A more complete description of publications being issued from this census is on the

inside back cover of this document.

Census facts are also widely disseminated by trade

associations, business journals, and newspapers. Volumes containing census statistics are available in most

major public and college libraries. Finally, State data

centers in every State as well as business and industry

data centers in many States also supply economic census

statistics.

WHAT’S NEW IN 1992

The 1992 Economic Census covers more of the economy

than any previous census. New for 1992 are data on

communications, utilities, finance, insurance, and real estate,

as well as coverage of more transportation industries. The

economic, agriculture, and governments censuses now

collectively cover nearly 98 percent of all economic activity.

Among other changes, new 1992 definitions affect the

boundaries of about a third of all metropolitan areas. Also,

the Survey of Women-Owned Businesses has now been

expanded to include all corporations.

HISTORICAL INFORMATION

The economic census has been taken as an integrated

program at 5-year intervals since 1967 and before that for

1963, 1958, and 1954. Prior to that time, the individual

subcomponents of the economic census were taken separately at varying intervals.

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The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810

Decennial Census, when questions on manufacturing were

included with those for population. Coverage of economic

activities was expanded for 1840 and subsequent censuses to include mining and some commercial activities. In

1902, Congress established a permanent Census Bureau

and directed that a census of manufactures be taken every

5 years. The 1905 Manufactures Census was the first time

a census was taken apart from the regular every-10-year

population census.

The first census of business was taken in 1930, covering 1929. Initially it covered retail and wholesale trade and

construction industries, but it was broadened in 1933 to

include some of the service trades.

The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to be

fully integrated—providing comparable census data across

economic sectors, using consistent time periods, concepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. It

was the first census to be taken by mail, using lists of firms

provided by the administrative records of other Federal

agencies. Since 1963, administrative records also have

been used to provide basic statistics for very small firms,

reducing or eliminating the need to send them census

questionnaires. The Enterprise Statistics Program, which

publishes combined data from the economic census, was

made possible with the implementation of the integrated

census program in 1954.

The range of industries covered in the economic censuses has continued to expand. The census of construction industries began on a regular basis in 1967, and the

scope of service industries was broadened in 1967, 1977,

and 1987. The census of transportation began in 1963 as

a set of surveys covering travel, transportation of commodities, and trucks, but expanded in 1987 to cover business

establishments in several transportation industries. For

1992, these statistics are incorporated into a broadened

census of transportation, communications, and utilities.

Also new for 1992 is the census of financial, insurance,

and real estate industries. This is part of a gradual expansion in coverage of industries previously subjected to

government regulation.

The Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises

was first conducted as a special project in 1969 and was

incorporated into the economic census in 1972 along with

the Survey of Women-Owned Businesses.

An economic census has also been taken in Puerto

Rico since 1909, in the Virgin Islands of the United States

and Guam since 1958, and in the Commonwealth of the

Northern Mariana Islands since 1982.

Statistical reports from the 1987 and earlier censuses

provide historical figures for the study of long-term time

series and are available in some large libraries. All of the

census data published since 1967 are still available for

sale on microfiche from the Census Bureau.

AVAILABILITY OF MORE FREQUENT

ECONOMIC DATA

While the census provides complete enumerations every

5 years, there are many needs for more frequent data as

well. The Census Bureau conducts a number of monthly,

quarterly, and annual surveys, with the results appearing in

publication series such as Current Business Reports (retail

and wholesale trade and service industries), the Annual

Survey of Manufactures, Current Industrial Reports, and

the Quarterly Financial Report. Most of these surveys,

while providing more frequent observations, yield less

kind-of-business and geographic detail than the census.

The County Business Patterns program offers annual

statistics on the number of establishments, employment,

and payroll classified by industry within each county.

SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION

More information about the scope, coverage, classification system, data items, and publications for each of the

economic censuses and related surveys is published in the

Guide to the 1992 Economic Census and Related Statistics. More information on the methodology, procedures,

and history of the census will be published in the History of

the 1992 Economic Census. Contact Customer Services

for information on availability.

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Census of Construction

GENERAL

The 1992 Census of Construction Industries covers all

employer establishments (establishments with payroll) primarily engaged in contract construction or construction on

their own account for sale as defined in the Standard

Industrial Classification Manual: 19871 (SIC). This industrial classification system has been developed by experts

on classification in government and private industry under

the guidance of the Office of Management and Budget and

is in general use among government agencies and among

organizations outside the government.

Contract construction. The SIC manual defines construction in three broad types of activity:

1. Building construction by general contractors or by

operative builders. General building contractors are

primarily engaged in the construction of dwellings,

office buildings, stores, farm buildings, and other building projects. Operative builders who build on their own

account for sale are also included here. However,

investment builders who build structures on their own

account for rent are classified in Real Estate.

2. Heavy construction general contractors. Heavy construction general contractors are primarily engaged in

the construction of highways, bridges, pipelines, sewers and water lines, marine construction, power, and

petro-chemical plants and other nonbuilding construction projects. Special trade contractors are classified

in heavy construction, if they are specifically engaged

in the following activities: grading for highway and

airport runways; guardrail construction; installation of

highway signs; asphalt and concrete construction of

roads, highways, streets, and public sidewalks; trenching, cable laying; conduit construction; underwater

rock removal; pipeline wrapping; or land clearing and

leveling.

3. Constructionby other specialtrade contractors. These

contractors include plumbers, painters, carpenters,

electricians, brick layers, roofers, etc. For the most

part, they perform their work at the site of construction,

although they may also have shops where they perform work incidental to the job site.

General contractors in both the building and the heavy

construction field usually assume responsibility for an

entire construction project, but may subcontract to others

all of the actual construction work or those portions of the

project requiring special skills or equipment. Special trade

contractors may work for general contractors, for other

subcontractors, or may work directly for the owner of the

property.

Each establishment receiving a questionnaire was requested

to report the percent of total dollar value of business done

for each kind-of-business activity engaged in during 1992.

This information was used for the computer assignment of

appropriate industry classifications. During this work, various tests were also made using other data reported on the

questionnaire. The proportion of construction work to total

business was checked to verify that the establishment was

primarily in construction. Also taken into consideration

were the types of structures worked on during the year and

the extent of work undertaken for other contractors.

Construction establishments often engage in various

construction activities. It is necessary, however, to assign

a single industry code to the establishment based on its

major activity. Therefore, the statistics shown for an industry reflect not only the primary activity of the establishments in the industry but also their secondary activities.

The industry reports, however, do present data on the

extent of secondary activities.

Prior to 1992, this census also included one industry

classified in the Real Estate area, SIC 6552, Land Subdividers and Developers, Except Cemeteries. This industry

is covered in the 1992 Census of Financial, Insurance,

and Real Estate Industries.

ESTABLISHMENT BASIS OF REPORTING

The census of construction industries is conducted on

an establishment basis. A ‘‘construction establishment’’ is

defined as a relatively permanent office or other place of

business where the usual business activities related to

construction are conducted. With some exceptions, a

relatively permanent office is one which has been established for the management of more than one project or job

and which is expected to be maintained on a continuing

basis. Such ‘‘establishment’’ activities include, but are not

limited to estimating, bidding, purchasing, supervising, and

operation of the actual construction work being conducted

1

Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,

DC 20402. Stock No. 041-001-00314-2.

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at one or more construction sites. Separate construction

reports were not required for each project or construction

site.

Companies with more than one construction establishment were required to submit a separate report for each

establishment operated during all or any part of 1992. The

census of construction industries figures represent a summary of records for individual establishments rather than

for companies.

If an establishment was engaged in construction and

one or more distinctly different lines of economic activity

(wholesale or retail trade, service, manufacturing, mining,

etc.) at the same place of business, it was requested to file

a separate report for each activity, provided that the

activity was of substantial size and separate records were

maintained or substantially accurate estimates could be

prepared.

If a separate establishment report could not be prepared for each activity, then a construction report was

requested covering all activities of that establishment

providing that the 1992 value of construction work exceeded

the gross receipts from each of its other activities.

Construction businesses with no payroll during 1992

(nonemployers) were not required to file census reports.

Tabulation of data for these businesses are based on

administrative records and are shown only in U.S. summary publications and the geographic area reports series.

Refer to the section on ‘‘Sample Design’’ for details.

Foreign construction activities were not included in this

census.

SAMPLE DESIGN, ESTIMATION PROCEDURES,

AND RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES

The companies included in the 1992 Census of Construction Industries were identified as part of an operation

common to all 1992 Economic Censuses. Construction

companies were divided into employers (companies with

payroll) and nonemployers (companies without payroll).

Statistical information for the employers was obtained in

the census by a survey which included all medium size and

large employers and a sample of the smaller ones. Census

reports were not required from the nonemployers. Statistics on nonemployers were obtained from administrative

records of other agencies of the Federal Government.

Employer Companies

Developing the sampling frame for employer companies. This operation started with obtaining a list of all

construction companies in the active records of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) which were subject to payment

of Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) taxes. The

basic source for this list has been the Internal Revenue

Service Business Master File, a comprehensive list of

companies engaged in business activities in the United

States. The file contains the name, address, and form of

ownership of each company and also indicates whether or

not the company is subject to the FICA. Each company in

this file is assigned a unique employer identification (EI)

number which it uses in filing its various reports with the

IRS. The Social Security Administration (SSA) maintains a

similar list using the same identification numbers, which

also contains information on the industrial classification of

each company. The Bureau of the Census obtained both of

these lists and combined them.

Under special arrangements which safeguarded the

confidentiality of the information, the Bureau also obtained

administrative-record data on payrolls and receipts and

added these data to the combined list. The list, thus

created from the IRS-SSA information, was a list of employer

companies. However, for the 1992 Economic Census the

basic reporting unit is the ‘‘establishment.’’ Therefore,

steps were taken to identify the individual establishments

of those companies which operate more than one place of

business. The information for making this determination

was obtained by means of the Company Organization

Survey (COS), an annual canvass of all known multiestablishment companies and large single-establishment companies. Thus, the 1992 Economic Census list for singleestablishment employer companies was obtained from the

IRS-SSA, but the list of establishments of multiestablishment employer companies was obtained directly from

those companies in the COS. Refer to the section on

‘‘Establishment Basis for Reporting’’ for details.

In general, the IRS-SSA list provided sufficient industrial

classification data to assign a company to the proper

economic census, but there were a number of companies

for which this information was inadequate or unavailable. A

special form, NC-9923, General Schedule, was mailed to

all such companies, requesting information on the nature

of the company’s activities. From the information reported,

the company was given an industrial classification code

and assigned to the appropriate economic census. Since

construction companies found in this way were identified

only after the regular census mailing had taken place, they

were treated as a supplement to the basic list.

Selecting the employer sample. The sample was designed

to provide reliable State and metropolitan area estimates

for each construction industry. It consisted of all construction establishments in multiestablishment companies, all

single-establishment companies with 1991 administrative

payroll of $480,000 or more and a probability sample of

single-establishment companies with payroll under that

amount. Supplementing the sample were construction

companies identified from the NC-9923, General Schedule. Also affecting the sample were the misclassified

companies; i.e., companies included in the samples of

other trade areas which reported they were construction

companies and companies originally classified in construction which reported they were not construction companies.

Of the 547,000 single-establishment employer companies initially classified as construction companies, 158,000

were included in the sample. All of the 11,000 establishments of multiestablishment companies were included in

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the sample. There was a net increase in the sample of

48,000 establishments resulting from establishments originally unclassified (receiving the NC-9923) or misclassified.

The probability sample of the smaller single-establishment

companies was a stratified random sample. Strata were

formed from all establishments with the same initial fourdigit SIC code, in the same State, in the same metropolitan

area, or in the balance of the State, and in the same size

class based on estimated total employment. If the fourdigit SIC code for an establishment was incomplete, the

establishment was placed in a stratum for miscellaneous

companies. Because they were small, all companies were

included in the sample for the following three industries:

SIC 1622, Bridge, Tunnel, and Elevated Highway Construction Contractors; SIC 1795, Wrecking and Demolition Work

Special Trade Contractors; and SIC 1796, Installation or

Erection of Building Equipment Special Trade Contractors.

Estimation procedures for 1992 and 1987 data. Since

all larger employer companies and some smaller ones

were included in the census, sample estimation was

required only for the universe of companies not selected

with certainty. The published statistics are the totals of the

estimates for the sampled companies and the aggregates

for the certainty companies. All estimates for 1992 and

1987 published here are simple unbiased estimates of the

form:

n

c

x’

c = Σ xi

/ pi

i =1

where: x’

c is the simple unbiased estimate of a characteristic for a publication cell.

x

i is the reported value of a characteristic for

an individual establishment in the publication cell.

p

i is the selection probability of that firm.

n

c is the number of firms in the sample for the

cell.

Data for certain characteristics were reported as a

percentage of the dollar value of business done. Before

this formula was applied to those characteristics, it was

necessary to convert the reported percentages into dollars.

Reliability of employer statistics. Since the estimates

for employer establishments in these reports are based on

the samples, they are subject to sampling variability and

may be expected to differ from results which would have

been obtained if a complete census had been taken using

the same forms and procedures. The sampling errors

shown in the tables were estimated directly from the

sample reports, using methods appropriate for the sample

design and form of estimation used. The relative standard

error is a measure of sampling variability; i.e., the variation

that might occur by chance because only a sample of the

population is surveyed. As calculated for this report, the

relative standard error also partially reflects the effect of

random errors of response and processing, but it does not

take into account the effect of any consistent biases due to

those types of errors. The chances are about 68 out of 100

that an estimate from the sample would differ from a

complete census by less than the relative standard error.

The chances are about 95 out of 100 that the difference is

less than twice the relative standard error and about 99 out

of 100 that it is less than 2-1/ 2 times the relative standard

error. Individual estimates with large relative standard

errors have been shown in the published tables. Any such

estimates should be used with caution. The very large

relative standard errors generally occur for the smaller

estimates.

Relative standard errors have been calculated for all of

the published statistics, although they are shown for each

statistic only in the tables presenting detailed statistics.

Other tables show relative standard errors only for certain

characteristics because of lack of space.

As calculated for this report, the relative standard error

measures certain nonsampling errors, but does not measure any systematic biases in the data. Bias is the difference, averaged over all possible samples with the same

size and design, between the estimates and the true value

being estimated. Nonsampling errors can be attributed to

many sources: inability to obtain information about all

cases in the sample; definitional difficulties; differences in

interpretation of questions; inability or unwillingness of

respondents to provide correct information; and errors

made in processing the data. Although no direct measurements of the biases have been obtained, it is believed that

most of the important response and operational errors

were detected in the course of reviewing the data for

reasonableness and consistency.

A potential source of bias is in the imputation for those

establishments that have not responded by the time of

final publication. Data were estimated for establishments

that did not report by that date, although selected establishments were contacted again to obtain as much information on the telephone as possible. Some publication

cells in which more than 40 percent of the data were not

reported have been suppressed.

Nonemployer Companies

As described earlier, the information derived from the

business income tax returns of all companies was matched

to the census employer file on the basis of common

identification numbers. Those business income tax returns

which could not be matched were further classified on the

basis of several characteristics. Returns with characteristics consistent with companies without payroll were treated

as nonemployers. The nonemployer construction companies were not required to file census reports.

For ‘‘number of establishments,’’ each separate income

tax return was assumed to be an establishment. ‘‘All

business receipts’’ was based on receipts information

reported on the tax return.

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Since no sampling was involved in the nonemployer

establishments, the statistics for nonemployers are not

subject to sampling variability. However, these data are

subject to an unknown amount of reporting and processing

errors which could not be detected by the Census Bureau.

CENSUS REPORT FORMS

Information for the 1992 Census of Construction Industries was obtained from employer establishments primarily

through the use of 22 questionnaires, determined by

industry classification and size. Standard forms and short

forms were developed for each of the following SIC

groups: 15, 16, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, and

179. Establishments with 1991 administrative payroll of

$1,080,000 or more all received the standard form. For

those sample establishments with payroll under that amount,

half received the standard form and half received the short

form. The short forms covered only major items and

omitted some of the detail found in the longer forms.

In reviewing and developing the questionnaires,

comments and recommendations were elicited from

construction trade associations and advisory groups.

Also, approximately 6,000 establishments in SIC’s 1521,

1629, and 1799 were surveyed in the Census of Construction Industries 1989 Pretest. This survey consisted of four

panels which received one of four experimental questionnaries and one panel which received the control questionnaire. Along with the questionnaire, these establishments

received an evaluation questionnaire, which requested

information about respondents’ reactions to the questionnaire, problems in completing the questionnaire, and how

long it took to complete the questionnaire. Results from

the 1989 Pretest questionnaire are reflected as reworded

questions, improved instructions, and restructured value of

business questions in the 1992 questionnaires.

DATA PROCESSING

The 1992 census report forms were mailed out in

December 1992. They were mailed from and returned to

the Census Bureau’s Data Preparation Division in Jeffersonville, IN, where routine editing and coding of the report

forms were also accomplished. Collection of these report

forms was essentially completed in July 1993.

The returned reports underwent extensive processing.

A preliminary edit done at the time of data entry identified

obviously deficient reports and reports needing clarification. When necessary, these problems were resolved by

further contact with the respondents. Next, the data were

transmitted to Census Bureau headquarters near Washington, DC.

Data records, then, underwent a detailed computer

review and analysis. The records containing significant

problems were referred for further analytical review and, if

necessary, contacts were made with the respondents. The

computer performed most classification coding (such as

industry coding, geographic coding, and size coding), and

imputation for missing items or for reports not received in

time for tabulation. The imputation was performed on an

industry (or industry group) and State (or geographic

group) basis using all available response and administrative data.

The data records were then tabulated on an industry

basis. Industry totals were subjected to analytical review,

and selected statistics were prepared for the preliminary

reports. Corrections resulting from this review were made

to the computer records and final tabulations were produced.

The review of a preliminary report for an industry often

uncovered the need for corrections or revisions to the data

for another industry for which a preliminary report had

already been published. The final reports incorporate all

revisions and corrections made during the review of the

preliminary reports and contain considerable more data

than were published in those reports.

GEOGRAPHIC CLASSIFICATION

Information for the 1992 Census of Construction Industries’

final industry report series is classified on the basis of two

types of geographic distributions: (1) physical location of

the establishment, and (2) location of construction work. A

separate code was assigned on each basis allowing us to

present data by both physical location of the establishment

and location of construction work.

The geographic area reports series presents similar

data by industry for each State (physical location of the

establishment) and for selected MSA’s, CMSA’s and PMSA’s.

CHANGE IN COLLECTION METHODOLOGY FOR

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK DONE

In 1987 and 1992, the ‘‘value of construction work’’ was

collected to better measure actual construction activity

done during the year. In 1992, this item was collected as a

total of three separate items. These items ( receipts from

construction contract work, value of speculative construction work, and value of construction work done for own

use) were collected separately to emphasize construction

activity that had been poorly reported in previous censuses.

Receipts from the sale of land were not collected

separately in 1992, as in 1987, but are still excluded from

the value of construction work done.

All dollar values are shown in current dollars for the

years specified and have not been adjusted for inflation.

DUPLICATION IN VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION

WORK

The aggregate of value of construction work reported by

all construction establishments in each of the several

industry, geographic area, or other groupings in this census contains varying amounts of duplication, since the

construction work of one firm may be subcontracted to

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other construction firms and may also be included in the

subcontractors’ value of construction work. To avoid this

duplication, a ‘‘net’’ value of construction work figure has

been derived for each establishment by subtracting the

costs for construction work subcontracted to others from

the value of construction work.

Duplication in value of business between other construction and nonconstruction industries results from the use of

products of these other industries as input materials by

construction establishments. ‘‘Value added’’ avoids this

duplication and is, for most purposes, the best measure for

comparing the relative economic importance of industries

or areas. ‘‘Value added’’ is defined in the 1992 Census of

Construction Industries as equal to dollar value of business

done less costs for construction work subcontracted to

others and payments for materials, components, supplies,

and fuels.

SPECIAL TABULATIONS

Special tabulations of data collected in the 1992 Census

of Construction Industries may be obtained on computer

tape or in tabular form. The data will be in summary form

and subject to the same rules prohibiting disclosure of

confidential information (including name, address, kind of

business, or other data for individual business establishments or companies) as are the regular publications.

Special tabulations are prepared on a cost basis. A

request for a cost estimate, as well as exact and detailed

specifications of the type and format of the data to be

provided, should be directed to the Chief, Manufacturing

and Construction Division, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233.

To discuss a special tabulation before submitting specifications, call 301-457-4680.

COMPARABILITY OF CENSUS OF

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES DATA WITH

OTHER DATA

Data contained in the reports of the 1992 Census of

Construction Industries are not the same as the data

published in the Census Bureau’s monthly Construction

Reports, Series C30, Value of New Construction Put in

Place. The main difference is that the C30 series covers all

new construction put in place without regard to who is

performing the construction activity; whereas, the construction census figures cover both new construction and

maintenance and repair work done by establishments

classified in the construction industry. Significant amounts

of construction are done by establishments classified

outside of construction (in real estate, manufacturing,

utilities, and communications, for example), both as ‘‘force

account’’ construction and construction done for others. In

addition, the value in place series includes constructionrelated expenses such as architectural and engineering

costs and the costs of materials supplied by owners which

are normally not reflected in the census of construction

industries.

Data contained in the reports of the census of construction industries may also differ from industry data in ‘‘Employment and Earnings Statistics,’’ published by the Bureau of

Labor Statistics and ‘‘Statistics of Income,’’ published by

the Internal Revenue Service. These differences arise

from varying definitions of scope, coverage, timing, classification, and methodology.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used in

this publication:

* Sampling error exceeds 40 percent.

** Represents the sum of all employees during

pay periods including 12th of March, May,

August, and November, divided by 4.

- Represents zero.

† Represents value of construction work less

costs for construction work subcontracted to

others. (See Duplication in Value of Construction Work.)

†† Represents dollar value of business done less

costs for construction work subcontracted to

others and costs for materials, components,

supplies, and fuels. In 1987, for SIC 1531, land

receipts were collected as a component of

dollar value of business and, therefore, were

subtracted from this value. (See Duplication in

Value of Construction Work.)

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual

companies; data are included in higher level

totals.

(NA) Not available.

(S) Withheld because estimate did not meet publication standards on the basis of either the

response rate, associated relative standard

error, or a consistency review.

(X) Not applicable.

(Z) Less than half of the unit shown.

n.s.k. Not specified by kind.

CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES CENSUS OF CONSTRUCTION IX
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Users’ Guide for Locating Statistics in This Report

by Table Number

Statistics For the

United States By State

By

employment

size

By

size class of dollar value of business done

By type, class,

kind of business,

and location of

construction1

By

specialization

in types of

construction

Assets and depreciation (gross book value):

Beginning of year—buildings, machinery, and

equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

End of year—total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 3 1 5 6

End of year—buildings, machinery, and equipment . . . 3

Depreciation charges during year—

buildings, machinery, and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Capital expenditures:

Total capital expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 3 1 5 6

New buildings—machinery and equipment. . . . . . . . . . 3

Used buildings—machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . 3

Communication services, costs for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Employees:

All employees—average number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Construction workers—average number . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 9 1, 9

Construction workers—quarterly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 9 9

Other employees—average number. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Other employees—quarterly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Establishments—number in business during year . . . . . . 1, 2, 4, 8, 9 1, 9 5 6 8

Fringe benefits—legally required and voluntary

expenditures .................................. 2

Inventories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Materials, components, supplies, and fuels—costs for . . 1, 2 1 5 6

Ownership—private or government owned . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Payroll:

First-quarter, all employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Annual:

All employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Construction workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2 1

Other employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Power, fuels, and lubricants—costs for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Proprietors and working partners. . . . . . . . . . ......... 2

Ratios, selected industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 13

Receipts and value:

Dollar value of business done, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 11 5 6 11

Value of construction work, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 10 1, 10 5 6 7, 10 8

For work subcontracted in from others . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2

Other business receipts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Net value of construction work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Value added. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Rental costs:

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2 1 5 6

For machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

For buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Repairs to buildings and other structures . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Repairs to machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Subcontract work to others, costs for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Note: Data for 1987 and earlier years are also available in some of these tables.

1

Type—buildings, roads, etc. Class—new construction; additions, alterations, or reconstruction; or maintenance and repair work.

X USERS’ GUIDE CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES
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Contents

Highway and Street

Construction Contractors,

Except Elevated Highways

[Page numbers listed here omit the prefix that

appears as part of the number of each page]

Page

Introduction to the Economic Census III ...............................................

Census of Construction V ...........................................................

Users’ Guide for Locating Statistics in This Report by Table Number X ..................

Summary of Findings ............................................................. 2

FIGURES

1. Value of Construction Work by Type of Construction 3 ............................

2. Selected Costs per Dollar Value of Business Done 3 .............................

TABLES

Statistics for Establishments With Payroll

1. General Statistics by State: 1992 and 1987 4 ...................................

2. Detailed Statistics: 1992 and Earlier Census Years 6 .............................

3. Assets, Capital Expenditures, and Depreciation: 1992 and 1987 7 .................

4. Value of Inventories: 1992 and 1991 7 .........................................

5. Selected Statistics by Employment Size Class: 1992 and 1987 8 ..................

6. Selected Statistics by Size Class of the Dollar Value of Business Done: 1992 and

1987 ...................................................................... 8

7. Value of Construction Work by Type of Construction: 1992 and 1987 9 ............

8. Selected Statistics by Specialization in Types of Construction: 1992 10 .............

9. Quarterly Construction Worker Employment by State: 1992 11 .....................

10. Value of Construction Work by Location of Construction Work: 1992 and 1987 12 ...

11. Dollar Value of Business Done by Kind-of-Business Activity: 1992 and 1987 13 ...... 12. Selected Industry Ratios: 1992 and 1987 14 ..................................... 13. Selected Industry Ratios by State: 1992 15 ......................................

Statistics for Establishments Without Payroll appear in the U.S. Industry

Summary Report.

APPENDIXES

A. Explanation of Terms A–1 ........................................................

B. Standard Industrial Classification Titles for Industry Groups and Industries B–1 ........

C. Geographic Divisions and States C–1 ..............................................

Publication Program Inside back cover ...................................................

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Summary of Findings

Establishments classified in this industry are primarily

engaged in the construction of highways, streets, and

related work such as installation of guard rails, highway

signs, lighting, etc. For additional examples, refer to the

Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 19871 (SIC) published by the Office of Management and Budget, Executive

Office of the President.

During 1992, the establishments with paid employees

classified in this industry accounted for $36.6 billion in total

dollar value of business. Of this amount, $35.3 billion were

for the value of construction work. These establishments

paid out $12.3 billion for materials, components, and

supplies and $7.5 billion for construction work subcontracted to others. Costs for selected power, fuels, and

lubricants for the industry were $1.2 billion. Value added

for 1992 was $15.7 billion.

There were 10,090 establishments with total employment averaging 257,356 during the year. Total payroll for

1992 was $7.4 billion.

Larger establishments with 20 employees or more,

while representing only 29 percent of the total number of

employer establishments in this industry, accounted for 86

percent of all business done.

A ‘‘construction establishment’’ is defined as a relatively

permanent office, or other place of business, where the

usual business activities related to construction are conducted. A separate census report was required from each

sampled establishment covering domestic operations. Separate reports were not, however, required for each project or

construction site.

For 1987 and earlier censuses, receipts from the sale of

land were collected separately for general contractors and

operative builders. These receipts were included in the

total dollar value of business done but excluded from the

value of construction work done. For 1992, receipts from

the sale of land were not collected separately but are still

excluded from the value of construction work done. All

dollar values are shown in current dollars for the years

specified and have not been adjusted for inflation.

The data in this report are estimated from a sample

survey and are subject to sampling variability as well as

errors of response and nonreporting. The relative standard

error shown in the tables is a measure of sampling

variability. Descriptions of the sampling, estimating procedures, and data reliability are included in the introduction.

1

Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,

DC 20402. Stock No. 041-001-00314-2.

6–2 HIGHWAY AND STREET CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES
Figure 2. Selected Costs per Dollar Value of Business Done

(Percent)

1992

1987

CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES HIGHWAY AND STREET CONSTRUCTION 6-3

Figure 1. Value of Construction Work by Type of Construction

(Percent)

1992

1987

Payroll, all employees

 Materials, components, and supplies

 Construction work subcontracted

 out to others

 Rental costs for machinery,

 equipment, and buildings

Selected purchased services:

 Communication repairs to buildings,

 machinery, and equipment

Selected power, fuels, and lubricants

84.3

82.3

3.9

0.4

3.3

3.4

2.8

3.3

1.4

1.8

Highways, streets, and related work such

 as installation of guard rails, highway

 signs, lighting, etc.

Airport runways and related work

Bridges, tunnels, and elevated highways

Sewers, water mains, and related facilities

Private driveways and parking areas

20.1

19.8

33.4

31.2

20.4

17.4

3.3

3.3

3.1

3.5

3.5

4.0
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Table 1. General Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by State: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Location of establishment

1992

Employees** Payroll

Number of

establish- ments AllConstruction workersAll employeesConstruction workers

Valueof construction work

Net

valueof construction work†

Value added††

Cost of

materials,

components,

supplies, and fuels

AB C D E FGH I

United States 10 ------------------------ 090 257 356 211 161 7 357 719 5 456 665 35 331 607 27 862 971 15 710 659 13 466 539

Alabama 149 ------------------------------------- 4 268 3 644 87 067 63 395 441 340 357 941 221 984 159 968

Alaska 113 --------------------------------------- 1 722 1 457 79 819 66 563 304 910 255 155 124 784 135 163

Arizona 148 -------------------------------------- 4 407 3 506 122 025 84 767 641 021 498 799 283 205 222 005

Arkansas 109 ------------------------------------- 2 377 1 999 49 708 37 736 309 543 258 050 138 037 131 545

California 896 ------------------------------------- 15 532 11 925 578 104 399 164 2 728 254 2 081 139 1 156 590 979 020

Colorado 143 ------------------------------------- 4 746 3 767 140 667 100 755 750 785 591 121 369 867 242 846

Connecticut 163 ----------------------------------- 2 985 2 375 103 029 75 596 470 350 380 721 185 168 200 633

Delaware 30 ------------------------------------- 1 398 1 083 40 362 26 273 193 292 160 517 92 853 (D)

District of Columbia 10 --------------------------- 721 590 26 298 17 299 98 294 75 782 39 438 36 344

Florida 480 --------------------------------------- 14 687 12 010 337 493 243 439 1 873 875 1 357 683 792 949 626 210

Georgia 264 -------------------------------------- 8 445 7 116 169 464 127 661 984 560 740 535 399 994 365 730

Hawaii 43 --------------------------------------- 3 112 2 452 139 030 96 974 647 353 487 203 286 912 241 673

Idaho 76 ---------------------------------------- 2 016 1 651 49 216 38 248 222 451 180 937 133 212 63 703

Illinois 437 ---------------------------------------- 10 569 8 553 383 089 279 735 1 702 714 1 359 777 826 038 596 052

Indiana 197 --------------------------------------- 5 433 4 396 176 822 133 438 764 057 605 555 296 151 329 793

Iowa 158 ----------------------------------------- 5 031 4 301 130 529 104 682 752 552 579 143 295 600 311 987

Kansas 135 --------------------------------------- 4 244 3 484 102 295 74 510 486 382 375 575 216 885 203 048

Kentucky 208 ------------------------------------- 4 973 4 210 125 218 93 581 681 319 529 503 258 888 301 448

Louisiana 132 ------------------------------------- 6 643 5 619 128 191 96 432 671 009 567 993 247 199 336 053

Maine 70 ---------------------------------------- 2 691 2 168 72 449 55 427 234 715 202 932 142 760 79 267

Maryland 180 ------------------------------------- 6 920 5 455 192 089 126 721 789 534 605 359 390 528 237 599

Massachusetts 230 -------------------------------- 2 858 2 285 91 552 70 332 415 591 336 260 214 453 134 554

Michigan 309 ------------------------------------- 6 279 5 168 196 185 157 227 971 986 770 751 429 296 368 623

Minnesota 274 ------------------------------------ 6 480 5 418 235 421 182 840 1 114 373 876 457 550 922 389 903

Mississippi 137 ------------------------------------ 3 757 3 102 79 053 57 313 422 708 333 542 145 601 202 655

Missouri 188 -------------------------------------- 5 059 4 153 152 386 117 220 778 504 577 631 313 863 292 881

Montana 90 ------------------------------------- 1 603 1 359 49 428 38 788 223 102 181 036 124 535 65 957

Nebraska 69 ------------------------------------- 2 237 1 888 58 333 43 602 316 362 246 376 123 144 123 860

Nevada 72 -------------------------------------- 1 641 1 353 55 930 44 651 232 688 202 418 128 257 89 509

New Hampshire 69 ------------------------------- 1 270 1 007 40 732 29 622 155 132 133 850 84 442 (D)

New Jersey 335 ----------------------------------- 5 671 4 563 209 177 158 444 862 976 696 549 430 226 284 657

New Mexico 51 ---------------------------------- 2 160 1 885 48 647 33 943 214 925 178 548 101 537 78 701

New York 536 ------------------------------------ 10 744 8 563 377 271 281 816 1 650 334 1 374 730 862 025 558 087

North Carolina 324 -------------------------------- 9 090 7 553 202 792 146 754 1 013 997 788 777 417 695 424 630

North Dakota 43 --------------------------------- 1 154 1 022 30 651 26 297 153 581 123 121 82 621 43 389

Ohio 375 ----------------------------------------- 10 672 8 699 355 290 261 707 1 750 712 1 391 058 610 619 821 258

Oklahoma 151 ------------------------------------ 3 013 2 518 69 503 50 930 380 351 322 154 142 057 185 350

Oregon 244 -------------------------------------- 2 652 2 167 74 389 56 539 342 873 281 363 158 185 140 286

Pennsylvania 418 --------------------------------- 10 929 9 014 327 089 251 288 1 504 733 1 213 437 733 947 549 884

Rhode Island 29 --------------------------------- 826 644 27 075 20 213 104 286 86 445 58 181 (D)

South Carolina 121 -------------------------------- 3 169 2 590 66 235 47 672 369 917 272 789 134 997 144 740

South Dakota 106 --------------------------------- 1 532 1 330 34 355 27 051 175 209 146 056 92 626 53 915

Tennessee 191 ----------------------------------- 5 965 5 042 145 517 108 095 795 924 620 940 315 579 325 920

Texas 576 ---------------------------------------- 20 232 17 249 442 990 332 543 2 227 024 1 790 446 910 065 930 340

Utah 75 ----------------------------------------- 2 514 2 058 67 241 50 953 299 262 224 831 141 384 118 421

Vermont 23 -------------------------------------- 270 217 7 331 4 822 31 364 27 268 11 738 16 932

Virginia 358 --------------------------------------- 8 856 7 209 205 941 149 691 905 678 722 444 412 764 341 258

Washington 259 ----------------------------------- 5 756 4 629 198 551 147 174 861 134 703 861 457 095 314 290

West Virginia 78 --------------------------------- 2 275 1 871 65 144 49 251 263 172 211 476 138 699 104 710

Wisconsin 152 ------------------------------------ 4 548 3 803 179 156 142 956 914 358 667 240 419 075 319 938

Wyoming 66 ------------------------------------- 1 222 1 041 31 392 24 533 131 040 109 695 65 992 45 628

6–4nnHIGHWAY AND STREET CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
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Location

of

establishment

1992mCon. 1987

Relative standard

error of estimate

(percent) for

columnm

Cost of construction work subcontracted out to othersValue of construction work subcontracted in from othersRental

cost for machinery,

equipment,

and buildings

Capital

expenditures, other than land

End-of-year

gross

book value of depreciable assets

All employees**

Value of construction work

Value added††

J K L M N O P Q BGM

7 468 636 7 334 384 1 126 315 1 281 549 13 727 083 284 380 34 161 427 17 119 634 (Z) (Z) 1 U.S.

83 399 101 468 8 774 15 274 219 531 3 587 371 534 143 253 3 2 5 AL

49 755 35 533 11 498 18 089 172 845 1 803 349 103 216 423 6 4 4 AK

142 222 112 819 28 556 14 021 155 220 5 632 745 440 356 455 3 2 6 AZ

51 492 52 644 6 234 13 297 156 407 2 235 224 796 99 780 6 6 9 AR

647 115 657 107 151 216 53 078 796 443 18 748 2 975 885 1 591 856 2 1 9 CA

159 663 108 887 29 939 37 962 256 278 5 704 649 841 334 029 3 3 13 CO

89 629 81 453 19 514 18 211 181 806 4 047 528 259 285 564 3 2 8 CT

32 775 39 994 9 275 9 226 92 091 1 666 178 818 70 430 3 2 5 DE

22 512 37 425 4 120 1 892 20 150 917 81 401 41 299 4 3 1 DC

516 192 413 282 62 257 71 220 719 990 17 238 1 881 250 923 701 2 1 4 FL

244 025 152 461 17 064 30 489 368 391 8 121 913 408 417 591 2 2 4 GA

160 150 107 779 17 625 16 412 137 916 1 110 166 074 83 007 2 1 3 HI

41 514 38 785 8 092 16 675 147 690 1 060 107 029 60 554 4 4 6 ID

342 937 340 277 68 700 51 673 630 121 11 351 1 543 635 798 258 2 1 4 IL

158 502 159 992 22 870 38 978 226 577 4 973 569 333 286 203 3 2 2 IN

173 409 122 042 11 818 30 884 338 597 3 798 475 127 215 036 3 2 10 IA

110 807 112 293 11 919 34 545 269 217 4 497 603 805 284 318 3 3 6 KS

151 816 115 644 18 058 33 811 309 898 4 455 568 250 270 106 3 2 5 KY

103 016 89 397 16 685 31 565 350 606 7 051 737 252 313 860 3 3 8 LA

31 783 59 004 6 988 10 532 121 212 2 152 192 991 106 208 3 4 10 ME

184 175 173 233 31 783 22 657 375 810 7 755 914 366 471 093 2 2 2 MD

79 331 88 514 9 812 12 370 171 920 3 991 508 928 262 652 4 2 7 MA

201 236 219 077 29 901 33 372 412 711 5 636 859 953 423 737 3 2 4 MI

237 916 235 028 38 908 43 402 394 975 7 869 1 224 946 631 481 4 1 4 MN

89 166 129 018 13 454 13 881 145 096 3 369 298 284 153 945 4 5 5 MS

200 873 144 806 19 910 36 260 292 171 6 123 769 810 396 673 3 3 7 MO

42 065 46 724 8 874 20 079 116 238 1 616 199 781 135 273 5 4 11 MT

69 987 63 512 7 091 11 625 111 185 2 032 208 193 86 932 6 8 13 NE

30 270 51 781 8 980 9 371 116 561 1 980 301 240 171 391 5 3 20 NV

21 282 35 615 8 252 5 034 82 880 2 222 211 118 115 444 5 5 7 NH

166 427 192 844 28 662 23 568 285 389 7 016 838 067 469 724 2 2 3 NJ

36 377 19 469 5 275 10 484 128 640 2 744 291 476 137 171 3 2 9 NM

275 604 297 721 47 639 36 488 509 890 14 372 1 689 221 907 846 2 3 4 NY

225 220 269 091 26 336 42 067 528 383 8 567 837 893 375 077 2 3 8 NC

30 460 21 293 7 212 6 659 82 243 1 604 176 959 92 859 5 4 7 ND

359 654 364 139 34 143 56 368 523 522 9 488 1 285 954 601 745 1 1 4 OH

58 198 80 377 11 093 14 428 132 258 3 048 323 558 164 600 3 2 12 OK

61 510 73 161 15 652 9 074 102 421 2 775 352 965 199 976 4 3 14 OR

291 296 296 866 42 620 46 448 577 964 12 701 1 654 971 882 588 2 2 4 PA

17 840 13 746 4 905 3 506 68 874 764 102 715 66 265 6 3 11 RI

97 128 79 781 7 769 16 440 136 191 4 786 481 091 195 099 4 3 4 SC

29 153 43 385 5 000 10 775 87 289 1 160 117 959 79 109 8 6 17 SD

174 984 154 802 17 592 35 425 332 390 6 674 748 872 316 690 2 1 5 TN

436 577 431 170 69 526 81 505 755 544 31 776 3 069 721 1 404 933 2 1 4 TX

74 431 61 151 10 802 17 357 175 181 2 076 245 015 140 650 4 2 11 UT

4 097 11 508 467 1 404 27 745 308 32 411 17 772 9 12 14 VT

183 234 232 034 22 245 23 962 455 888 9 218 909 538 459 291 3 2 6 VA

157 273 194 780 17 562 37 504 313 786 4 599 603 218 339 452 3 2 3 WA

51 696 49 196 7 953 10 481 151 129 1 793 209 236 121 143 3 3 2 WV

247 118 306 308 29 953 34 240 379 937 4 381 662 689 314 077 2 1 5 WI

21 346 15 969 5 738 7 477 81 885 1 768 168 028 86 992 8 4 18 WY

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Table 2. Detailed Statistics for Establishments With Payroll: 1992 and Earlier Census Years

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Item

Relative standard error of

estimate (percent)

1992 1987 1982 1977 1992 1987 1982 1977

Number of establishments in business during year 10 -------------------------------------------------- 090 10 986 10 111 11 748 1 1 1 2

Proprietors and working partners ------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 130 1 637 2 077 4 341 4 6 4 4

All employees** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 257 356 284 380 212 610 267 917 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Construction workers:

March -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 151 138 173 163 123 961 158 199 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

May---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 231 255 254 289 189 782 250 034 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

August ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 249 673 282 993 219 168 280 744 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

November ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 212 577 246 032 184 490 241 713 (Z) 1 (Z) (Z)

Average ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 211 161 239 111 180 303 232 810 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Other employees:

March -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45 552 43 982 32 162 32 875 1 1 1 1

May---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46 087 44 909 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

August ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47 141 46 761 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

November ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46 000 45 410 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

Average ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46 195 45 268 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

Payroll, all employees ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 357 719 7 041 109 3 989 211 3 595 809 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Payroll, construction workers-------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 456 665 5 397 159 3 138 381 2 927 185 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Payroll, other employees ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 901 055 1 643 949 850 829 668 624 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

First-quarter payroll, all employees ---------------------------------------------------------------- 1 197 834 1 216 316 664 357 546 790 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Fringe benefits, all employees -------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 140 510 1 708 196 770 436 722 131 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Legally required expenditures ------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 281 011 1 083 019 567 356 411 917 1 (Z) (Z) (Z)

Voluntary expenditures ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 859 499 625 177 203 079 310 214 1 (Z) (Z) (Z)

Dollar value of business done--------------------------------------------------------------------- 36 645 834 35 528 035 19 035 172 15 620 916 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Value of construction work --------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 331 607 34 161 427 18 157 364 15 021 207 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Value of construction work subcontracted in from others 7 ---------------------------------------- 334 384 7 065 089 2 950 376 2 935 619 1 1 1 (Z)

Other business receipts ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 314 227 1 366 608 877 808 599 709 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Net value of construction work†------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 862 971 27 983 839 14 987 471 12 546 357 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Value added†† ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 710 659 17 119 634 8 633 319 7 641 218 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Selected costs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 935 175 18 408 401 10 401 853 7 979 699 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Materials, components, and supplies ------------------------------------------------------------ 12 255 699 11 067 102 6 304 529 4 917 779 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Construction work subcontracted out to others 7 --------------------------------------------------- 468 636 6 177 587 3 169 893 2 474 851 (Z) 1 (Z) (Z)

Selected power, fuels, and lubricants ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 210 841 1 163 712 927 431 587 069 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Electricity ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 124 013 103 582 82 831 46 713 1 1 1 1

Natural and manufactured gas ---------------------------------------------------------------- 97 409 76 196 69 168 35 036 1 1 1 (Z)

Gasoline and diesel fuel---------------------------------------------------------------------- 866 660 886 197 709 441 438 500 1 (Z) (Z) (Z)

On highway use --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 380 351 397 964 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

Off highway use --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 486 309 488 233 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

Other, including lubricating oils and greases 122 ---------------------------------------------------- 759 97 736 65 990 66 867 1 1 1 (NA)

Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings 1 ------------------------------------------------ 126 315 1 258 625 621 502 543 662 1 1 1 (Z)

For machinery and equipment ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 027 376 1 178 028 582 027 519 027 1 1 1 (Z)

For buildings ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 98 939 80 597 39 475 24 635 2 2 2 1

Selected purchased services --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 265 448 1 432 867 873 430 764 247 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Communication services------------------------------------------------------------------------ 117 162 88 693 56 235 39 975 1 1 1 1 Repairs to buildings and other structures--------------------------------------------------------- 30 941 34 023 23 825 14 918 3 5 2 1 Repairs to machinery and equipment ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 117 346 1 310 151 793 369 709 354 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Ownership of construction projects: Value of construction work --------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 331 607 34 161 427 18 157 364 15 021 207 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Government owned-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 731 222 24 112 623 12 897 206 10 326 924 1 1 (Z) (Z) Federal----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 499 084 4 688 600 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

State and local ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 232 139 19 424 023 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

Privately owned ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 600 385 10 048 803 5 260 158 4 694 283 1 1 1 (Z)

6–6nnHIGHWAY AND STREET CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
TIPS UPF [MCD_CMCB,TD_KLING] 6/ 7/ 95 10:33:06 EPCV21 TLP:TD_K_INDTAB.TLP;39 6/ 7/ 95 10:32:01 DATA:TD_K_T1.DAT;20 6/ 7/ 95 10:31:18 UPF:CON_CENPROD:[CEN.DATA]TD_K_T PAGE: 4

TSF:TIPS92-10322043.DAT;1 6/ 7/ 95 10:32:29 UTF:TIPS93-10322043.DAT;1 6/ 7/ 95 10:32:29 META:TIPS96-10322043.DAT;1 6/ 7/ 95 10:32:57

Table 3. Assets, Capital Expenditures, and Depreciation for Establishments With Payroll:

1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Item

Relative standard error of estimate

(percent)

1992 1987 1992 1987

BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES, MACHINERY, AND EQUIPMENT

Beginning-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 13 -------------------------------------------- 164 567 10 241 436 1 1 Capital expenditures, other than land ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 281 549 1 353 924 1 1 New ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 912 442 1 070 253 1 1 Used --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 369 106 283 670 2 2 Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets 719 ------------------------------------------------- 033 539 596 2 6

End-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 13 ------------------------------------------------- 727 083 11 055 764 1 1

Depreciation charges during year ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 263 009 1 166 397 1 1

Buildings and Other Structures, Additions, and Related Facilities

Beginning-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 851 -------------------------------------------- 124 833 503 2 2

Capital expenditures, other than land ------------------------------------------------------------ 71 754 115 374 4 2

New buildings and other structures ------------------------------------------------------------ 61 486 100 775 4 2

Used buildings and other structures------------------------------------------------------------ 10 269 14 598 10 10

Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets 25 ------------------------------------------------- 655 15 201 10 8

End-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 897 ------------------------------------------------- 223 933 676 2 2

Depreciation charges during year ------------------------------------------------------------------ 70 996 69 506 2 2

Machinery and Equipment

Beginning-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 12 -------------------------------------------- 313 443 9 407 933 1 1

Capital expenditures, other than land ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 209 794 1 238 550 1 1

New machinery and equipment, including automobiles and trucks 850 --------------------------------- 957 969 478 1 1

New automobiles and trucks, intended primarily for highway use 214 -------------------------------- 350 261 602 2 2

Used machinery and equipment, including automobiles and trucks 358 -------------------------------- 837 269 072 2 2

Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets 693 ------------------------------------------------- 377 524 395 2 6

End-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 12 ------------------------------------------------- 829 860 10 122 087 1 1

Depreciation charges during year ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 192 013 1 096 890 1 1

Table 4. Value of Inventories for Establishments With Payroll: 1992 and 1991

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Item Establishments with payroll

Relative standard error

of estimate (percent)

All establishments:

Number--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 090 1

Value of construction work---------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 331 607 (Z)

Establishments with inventories:

Number--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 021 2

Value of construction work---------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 726 394 (Z)

Inventories1:

End of 1992, materials and supplies ----------------------------------------------------------- 360 526 1

End of 1991, materials and supplies ----------------------------------------------------------- 347 640 1

Establishments with no inventories:

Number--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 863 2

Value of construction work---------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 626 335 1

Establishments not reporting:

Number--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 206 2

Value of construction work---------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 978 878 1

1Inventories at cost or market prior to any adjustment to correct to LIFO values.

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES HIGHWAY AND STREET CONSTRUCTIONnn6–7
TIPS UPF [MCD_CMCB,TD_KLING] 6/ 7/ 95 10:33:06 EPCV21 TLP:TD_K_INDTAB.TLP;39 6/ 7/ 95 10:32:01 DATA:TD_K_T1.DAT;20 6/ 7/ 95 10:31:18 UPF:CON_CENPROD:[CEN.DATA]TD_K_T PAGE: 5

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Table 5. Selected Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by Employment Size Class:

1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Selected statistics

Establishments with an average ofm

Total

1 to 4

employees

5 to 9

employees

10 to 19

employees

20 to 49

employees

50 to 99

employees

100 to 249

employees

250 to 499

employees

500 to 999

employees

1,000

employees

or more

1992

Number of establishments 10 --------------------------- 090 (S) 1 999 1 768 1 705 725 400 101 14 4

All employees** 257 ------------------------------------ 356 7 299 13 171 23 958 53 223 49 934 59 446 34 154 9 957 6 213

Payroll, all employees 7 ------------------------------- 357 719 131 907 284 531 627 188 1 501 429 1 473 015 1 839 625 1 059 594 322 190 118 240

Dollar value of business done 36 ------------------------ 645 834 718 555 1 382 293 2 973 774 7 161 223 7 356 397 9 554 888 5 242 036 1 663 828 592 840

Value of construction work 35 --------------------------- 331 607 711 820 1 362 783 2 914 985 6 929 669 7 099 422 9 103 672 5 049 460 1 571 577 588 220

Net value of construction work† 27 ---------------------- 862 971 642 414 1 182 408 2 469 652 5 648 493 5 628 429 7 001 587 3 669 890 1 173 224 446 875

Value added†† 15 -------------------------------------- 710 659 370 132 702 597 1 461 986 3 172 047 3 125 381 3 941 824 2 207 073 519 394 210 225

Cost of materials, components, supplies, and fuels 13 ----- 466 539 279 017 499 322 1 066 455 2 708 000 2 760 023 3 510 979 1 655 393 746 081 241 270

Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others 7 -- 468 636 69 406 180 375 445 333 1 281 176 1 470 993 2 102 085 1 379 570 398 353 141 345

Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings 1 ---- 126 315 29 054 43 818 99 644 212 195 219 917 312 939 159 356 32 513 16 880

Capital expenditures, other than land 1 ------------------ 281 549 (S) 44 002 129 284 227 568 260 442 347 135 177 835 42 578 19 973

End-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 13 ---- 727 083 299 961 591 175 1 210 881 2 593 553 2 692 723 3 697 798 1 816 153 568 340 256 499

1987

All employees** 284 ------------------------------------ 380 7 350 14 478 28 050 59 272 52 371 65 494 32 984 15 278 9 101

Value of construction work 34 --------------------------- 161 427 750 092 1 417 247 2 920 330 6 679 445 6 687 998 8 793 694 4 264 594 2 648 025 (D)

Value added†† 17 -------------------------------------- 119 634 405 181 760 254 1 547 169 3 513 617 3 337 470 4 197 614 2 105 676 780 760 471 892

1992 RELATIVE STANDARD ERROR OF

ESTIMATE (PERCENT)

All employees** (Z) ------------------------------------ 4 5 3 1 1 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Net value of construction work† (Z) ---------------------- 6 5 3 1 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Capital expenditures, other than land 1 ------------------ (S) 12 7 1 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Note: Underscored data fields include data from adjoining columns which have been withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

Table 6. Selected Statistics by Size Class of the Dollar Value of Business Done for

Establishments With Payroll: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Selected statistics

Establishments with dollar value of business done

Total

Less than

$25,000

$25,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$249,999

$250,000

to

$499,999

$500,000

to

$999,999

$1,000,000

to

$2,499,999

$2,500,000

to

$4,999,999

$5,000,000

to

$9,999,999

$10,000,000

or more

1992

Number of establishments 10 ------------------ 090 (S) (S) (S) 1 575 1 571 1 310 1 723 1 040 797 885 All employees** 257 --------------------------- 356 (S) (S) (S) 4 855 8 115 12 584 27 836 30 517 40 451 131 263 Payroll, all employees 7 ---------------------- 357 719 (S) (S) (S) 65 958 152 136 241 357 697 917 824 443 1 156 372 4 203 026 Dollar value of business done 36 --------------- 645 834 (S) (S) (S) 264 152 568 422 924 281 2 758 092 3 705 964 5 638 223 22 723 714 Value of construction work 35 ------------------ 331 607 (S) (S) (S) 260 190 562 565 909 828 2 695 152 3 597 794 5 483 068 21 760 771 Net value of construction work† 27 ------------- 862 971 (S) (S) (S) 245 304 511 784 827 640 2 375 435 3 026 813 4 463 571 16 354 453

Value added†† 15 ----------------------------- 710 659 (S) (S) (S) 143 048 310 771 507 563 1 478 664 1 752 513 2 433 713 9 048 202 Cost of materials, components, supplies, and

fuels 13 ------------------------------------- 466 539 (S) (S) (S) 106 218 206 869 334 529 959 710 1 382 470 2 185 013 8 269 194 Cost of construction work subcontracted out

to others 7 --------------------------------- 468 636 (S) (S) (S) 14 886 50 781 82 188 319 717 570 981 1 019 497 5 406 318 Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and

buildings 1 --------------------------------- 126 315 (S) (S) (S) 11 322 18 490 34 703 86 382 126 959 168 518 677 637 Capital expenditures, other than land 1 --------- 281 549 (S) (S) (S) (S) 22 312 44 761 105 493 127 917 212 678 752 726 End-of-year gross book value of depreciable

assets 13 ----------------------------------- 727 083 (S) (S) (S) 146 118 238 306 433 650 1 188 353 1 506 648 2 117 217 8 065 514

1987

All employees** 284 --------------------------- 380 (S) (S) (S) 4 430 10 235 16 110 34 213 35 192 43 497 138 794

Value of construction work 34 ------------------ 161 427 (S) (S) (S) 219 929 637 475 1 170 900 3 154 534 3 885 084 5 312 512 19 718 930

Value added†† 17 ----------------------------- 119 634 (S) (S) (S) 139 383 361 446 658 332 1 746 012 2 094 871 2 712 861 9 368 124

1992 RELATIVE STANDARD ERROR

OF ESTIMATE (PERCENT)

All employees** (Z) --------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 6 6 5 3 1 (Z) (Z)

Net value of construction work† (Z) ------------- (S) (S) (S) 6 5 5 3 2 1 (Z)

Capital expenditures, other than land 1 --------- (S) (S) (S) (S) 15 11 8 3 1 (Z)

Note: Underscored data fields include data from adjoining columns which have been withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

6–8nnHIGHWAY AND STREET CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
TIPS UPF [MCD_CMCB,TD_KLING] 6/ 7/ 95 10:33:06 EPCV21 TLP:TD_K_INDTAB.TLP;39 6/ 7/ 95 10:32:01 DATA:TD_K_T1.DAT;20 6/ 7/ 95 10:31:18 UPF:CON_CENPROD:[CEN.DATA]TD_K_T PAGE: 6

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Table 7. Value of Construction Work for Establishments With Payroll by Type of

Construction: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Type of construction

Value of construction work

Relative standard error

of estimate (percent) for columnm

Total

New

construction

Additions,

alterations, or

reconstruction

Maintenance

and repair

A B C DABC D

1992

Value of construction work 35 -------------------------------------------- 331 607 17 834 661 10 724 920 6 759 674 (Z) (Z) (Z) 1

Building construction------------------------------------------------------------ 475 842 379 161 71 006 25 675 3 3 7 6

Nonbuilding construction 34 -------------------------------------------------------- 843 413 17 455 500 10 653 914 6 733 999 (Z) (Z) (Z) 1

Highways, streets, and related work such as installation of guard rails, highway

signs, lighting, etc.----------------------------------------------------------- 29 793 619 14 359 566 9 311 136 6 122 917 (Z) (Z) 1 1

Airport runways and related work 1 ----------------------------------------------- 368 143 781 814 412 344 173 985 1 1 1 2

Private driveways and parking areas 507 -------------------------------------------- 930 246 067 152 648 109 215 2 1 5 4

Recreational facilities --------------------------------------------------------- 184 789 145 417 24 096 15 276 3 3 5 6

Bridges, tunnels, and elevated highways 1 ---------------------------------------- 167 115 704 994 325 627 136 494 1 2 3 5

Conservation and development construction 199 ------------------------------------- 028 151 198 28 868 18 962 2 2 3 8

Sewers, water mains, and related facilities 1 -------------------------------------- 006 553 705 539 227 594 73 420 1 1 2 2

Sewers, sewer lines, septic systems, and related facilities 662 ---------------------- 477 462 082 148 696 51 699 1 1 2 3

Water mains and related facilities 344 -------------------------------------------- 076 243 457 78 898 21 721 2 2 3 4

Sewage treatment and water treatment plants 184 ----------------------------------- 682 93 462 87 797 3 423 1 1 (Z) 16

Other nonbuilding construction 431 ------------------------------------------------- 553 267 442 83 804 80 306 1 2 2 2

Construction work, n.s.k. -------------------------------------------------------- 12 353 (NA) (NA) (NA) 26 (NA) (NA) (NA)

1987

Value of construction work 34 -------------------------------------------- 161 427 19 135 235 9 176 728 5 315 634 (Z) (Z) 1 1

Building construction------------------------------------------------------------ 671 861 512 128 132 407 27 326 2 2 3 7

Nonbuilding construction 32 -------------------------------------------------------- 955 736 18 623 107 9 044 321 5 288 308 (Z) (Z) 1 1

Highways, streets, and related work such as installation of guard rails, highway

signs, lighting, etc.----------------------------------------------------------- 28 123 431 15 133 932 8 206 617 4 782 881 (Z) (Z) 1 1

Airport runways and related work 123 ----------------------------------------------- 809 43 347 55 522 24 940 4 11 (Z) 3

Private driveways and parking areas 607 -------------------------------------------- 665 383 184 121 837 102 643 2 3 3 2 Recreational facilities --------------------------------------------------------- 183 363 133 287 25 719 24 356 4 4 5 18 Bridges, tunnels, and elevated highways 1 ---------------------------------------- 152 276 816 236 241 201 94 838 1 1 1 2 Conservation and development construction 177 ------------------------------------- 865 145 849 21 111 10 904 4 4 4 16 Sewers, water mains, and related facilities 1 -------------------------------------- 112 314 863 037 176 283 72 992 1 1 1 2 Sewers, sewer lines, septic systems, and related facilities 745 ---------------------- 049 581 465 111 974 51 609 1 1 1 2 Water mains and related facilities 367 -------------------------------------------- 265 281 572 64 309 21 383 2 2 1 3 Sewage treatment and water treatment plants 110 ----------------------------------- 885 92 276 14 827 3 781 2 2 6 6 Other nonbuilding construction 1 ------------------------------------------------- 364 128 1 011 956 181 196 170 973 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Construction work, n.s.k. -------------------------------------------------------- 533 828 (NA) (NA) (NA) 3 (NA) (NA) (NA)

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES HIGHWAY AND STREET CONSTRUCTIONnn6–9
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Table 8. Selected Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by Specialization in Types of

Construction: 1992

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. This table presents selected statistics for establishments according to degree of specialization in major types of construction

work. If number of establishments or value of construction work for a given type of specialization are relatively insignificant, data may not be shown. In addition, data are not shown in this table

where distribution of the value of construction work by type of construction was not provided in table 7. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms,

see appendix A]

Item

Value of construction work Relative standard error

of estimate

(percent) for

columnm

Number of

establishmentsAll

employees**

Payroll, all

employees

For

all types

For

specialized

type

Net

value of

construction

work†

Value

added††

Cost of

construction

work subcontracted

out to others

A B C D E F G HBDH

All establishments 10 -------------------------------- 090 257 356 7 357 719 35 331 607 29 863 743 27 862 971 15 710 659 7 468 636 (Z) (Z) (Z)

Establishments not specializing by type 121 ---------------------- 4 758 149 953 735 830 (NA) 551 545 314 530 184 286 3 5 7 Establishments specializing 51 percent or more 9 --------------- 969 252 598 7 207 767 34 595 777 29 863 743 27 311 426 15 396 129 7 284 351 (Z) (Z) (Z)

HIGHWAYS, STREETS, AND RELATED WORK

SUCH AS INSTALLATION OF GUARD RAILS,

HIGHWAY SIGNS, LIGHTING, ETC.

All establishments specializing in type 9 ------------- 705 248 924 7 077 401 33 814 238 29 304 067 26 773 066 15 113 447 7 041 172 (Z) (Z) (Z)

Establishments with m 100 percent specialization 6 -------------------------------- 136 111 503 3 043 874 14 440 562 14 440 562 11 703 590 6 631 229 2 736 972 1 1 1 90 to 99 percent specialization 983 ---------------------------- 37 988 1 099 270 5 478 803 5 181 390 4 335 149 2 402 464 1 143 654 1 1 (Z)

80 to 89 percent specialization 698 ---------------------------- 29 984 858 032 4 182 033 3 492 595 3 251 726 1 886 531 930 307 1 1 1 70 to 79 percent specialization 617 ---------------------------- 22 489 693 681 3 108 301 2 282 744 2 410 349 1 486 877 697 952 1 1 1 60 to 69 percent specialization 687 ---------------------------- 29 461 835 560 3 988 689 2 517 236 3 085 584 1 585 760 903 105 1 1 1 51 to 59 percent specialization 583 ---------------------------- 17 499 546 984 2 615 850 1 389 540 1 986 667 1 120 585 629 183 2 1 1

AIRPORT RUNWAYS AND RELATED WORK

All establishments specializing in type 96 ------------- 3 410 125 249 759 710 538 418 518 262 270 257 241 448 2 1 (Z)

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 36 -------------------------------- 648 20 172 110 161 110 161 93 282 45 996 16 879 4 3 1

90 to 99 percent specialization 6 ---------------------------- 337 9 935 41 409 39 348 (D) 19 873 (D) (Z) (Z) (D)

80 to 89 percent specialization 12 ---------------------------- 438 19 217 97 085 78 452 (D) 48 773 (D) 7 3 (D)

70 to 79 percent specialization *13 ---------------------------- 199 *6 410 23 245 16 271 (D) *13 390 (D) 24 27 (D)

60 to 69 percent specialization 21 ---------------------------- 1 479 56 951 431 779 262 710 241 188 121 813 190 592 3 1 (Z)

51 to 59 percent specialization 8 ---------------------------- 310 12 564 56 031 31 475 (D) 20 413 (D) 2 1 (D)

6–10nnHIGHWAY AND STREET CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
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Table 9. Quarterly Construction Worker Employment for Establishments With Payroll by

State: 1992

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Location of establishment

Construction workers1

Relative standard error of estimate (percent) for columnm Number of

establishments

Average

number of

construction

workers

January

to March

April

to June

July

to September

October

to December

A B C D E FABCDE F

United States 10 ----------- 090 211 161 151 138 231 255 249 673 212 577 1 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Alabama 149 ------------------------ 3 644 3 146 3 768 3 965 3 698 9 3 3 3 3 3 Alaska 113 -------------------------- 1 457 957 1 738 2 182 951 13 6 10 6 4 9 Arizona 148 ------------------------- 3 506 2 841 3 792 3 835 3 555 12 3 3 3 4 3 Arkansas 109 ----------------------- 1 999 1 643 2 104 2 289 1 958 13 5 6 5 6 5 California 896 ----------------------- 11 925 10 082 12 500 13 441 11 679 5 2 2 2 2 2

Colorado 143 ------------------------ 3 767 2 482 4 240 4 739 3 605 11 3 3 4 4 4 Connecticut 163 --------------------- 2 375 1 475 2 771 2 859 2 395 9 3 3 3 3 3 Delaware 30 ----------------------- 1 083 534 1 224 1 404 1 171 12 3 4 4 4 2 District of Columbia 10 -------------- 590 578 602 554 624 22 3 3 3 4 4 Florida 480 -------------------------- 12 010 11 103 12 200 12 402 12 334 7 2 2 2 2 2

Georgia 264 ------------------------- 7 116 5 627 9 687 6 767 6 380 10 2 2 2 3 3 Hawaii 43 -------------------------- 2 452 2 528 2 478 2 462 2 341 19 1 1 1 3 1 Idaho 76 --------------------------- 1 651 1 265 1 834 1 994 1 513 10 4 4 5 5 5 Illinois 437 -------------------------- 8 553 3 858 10 105 11 646 8 606 8 2 2 2 2 2 Indiana 197 ------------------------- 4 396 2 497 4 990 5 566 4 533 11 3 4 3 3 4

Iowa 158 ---------------------------- 4 301 1 909 6 260 5 301 3 735 10 3 3 2 3 3 Kansas 135 ------------------------- 3 484 2 510 3 321 5 032 3 072 13 3 3 4 3 2 Kentucky 208 ------------------------ 4 210 2 860 4 394 5 026 4 559 9 3 2 3 3 4 Louisiana 132 ----------------------- 5 619 5 012 5 889 6 162 5 414 14 2 2 3 2 3 Maine 70 -------------------------- 2 168 1 481 2 296 2 525 2 371 13 3 2 3 3 4

Maryland 180 ------------------------ 5 455 4 192 5 312 5 758 6 557 9 2 2 2 2 3 Massachusetts 230 ------------------ 2 285 1 181 2 396 2 871 2 692 9 4 5 4 4 4 Michigan 309 ------------------------ 5 168 2 135 5 959 7 207 5 372 7 3 4 3 3 3 Minnesota 274 ----------------------- 5 418 2 109 6 365 7 999 5 200 9 4 5 4 4 4 Mississippi 137 ---------------------- 3 102 2 556 3 292 3 397 3 162 13 4 4 4 4 4

Missouri 188 ------------------------ 4 153 2 855 4 669 5 427 3 663 10 3 3 3 3 3 Montana 90 ------------------------ 1 359 820 1 588 1 816 1 213 14 5 5 4 5 7 Nebraska 69 ----------------------- 1 888 1 025 2 172 2 362 1 993 14 6 7 6 6 6 Nevada 72 ------------------------- 1 353 998 1 457 1 533 1 425 20 5 5 7 5 4 New Hampshire 69 ----------------- 1 007 441 1 111 1 379 1 099 20 5 9 5 5 5

New Jersey 335 --------------------- 4 563 3 059 4 964 5 291 4 937 7 2 3 2 3 3 New Mexico 51 --------------------- 1 885 1 697 2 010 2 012 1 820 21 3 3 3 3 3 New York 536 ----------------------- 8 563 4 738 9 791 10 889 8 834 6 2 3 3 3 2 North Carolina 324 ------------------- 7 553 6 316 7 834 8 247 7 814 9 2 2 3 3 2 North Dakota 43 -------------------- 1 022 436 1 255 1 564 832 19 5 9 4 4 6

Ohio 375 ---------------------------- 8 699 4 494 9 865 11 021 9 415 5 2 2 2 1 2

Oklahoma 151 ----------------------- 2 518 2 309 2 549 2 661 2 551 11 3 3 3 3 4

Oregon 244 ------------------------- 2 167 2 242 2 019 2 591 1 815 9 4 3 5 4 4

Pennsylvania 418 -------------------- 9 014 5 648 10 049 11 046 9 312 7 2 3 2 2 2

Rhode Island 29 -------------------- 644 299 714 788 775 12 6 7 6 6 6

South Carolina 121 ------------------ 2 590 2 301 2 611 2 797 2 652 13 4 5 4 4 4

South Dakota 106 ------------------- 1 330 761 1 588 1 719 1 250 16 8 7 10 9 10

Tennessee 191 ---------------------- 5 042 3 708 5 320 5 579 5 560 10 2 2 2 2 2

Texas 576 -------------------------- 17 249 16 156 17 358 18 192 17 288 6 2 1 2 2 2

Utah 75 ---------------------------- 2 058 1 464 2 299 2 581 1 888 9 4 5 5 5 3

Vermont 23 ------------------------ 217 82 216 295 277 35 7 10 7 7 8

Virginia 358 ------------------------- 7 209 5 878 7 571 7 945 7 440 9 3 3 3 3 3

Washington 259 --------------------- 4 629 3 503 4 739 5 584 4 692 10 2 3 2 3 3

West Virginia 78 -------------------- 1 871 1 289 2 168 2 117 1 908 13 2 3 2 2 3

Wisconsin 152 ----------------------- 3 803 1 369 4 640 5 437 3 766 11 2 5 2 2 2

Wyoming 66 ------------------------ 1 041 689 1 178 1 415 883 20 7 5 6 9 7

1Construction workers during pay periods including 12th of March, May, August, and November.

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES HIGHWAY AND STREET CONSTRUCTIONnn6–11
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Table 10. Value of Construction Work for Establishments With Payroll by Location of

Construction Work: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Location of construction work

1992

Relative standard

error of estimate

(percent) for

columnm

Construction work done by

establishments located in

this State

Construction work done by

establishments not located

in this State

Value of

construction

work done in

this State Number

Value of

construction

work Number

Value of

construction

work

1987

value of

construction

work done in

this State

Percent

change

1987

(col F)

to

1992

(col A)

A B C D E F G A CE

United States 35 ----------------------------------------------- 331 607 10 029 32 307 789 1 817 3 023 818 34 161 427 3.4 (Z) (Z) 1

Alabama------------------------------------------------------------- 475 096 149 415 109 34 59 987 433 635 9.6 2 2 2

Alaska -------------------------------------------------------------- 309 021 113 304 910 *4 *4 110 320 912 –3.7 4 4 61

Arizona-------------------------------------------------------------- 656 360 146 623 403 25 32 956 782 223 –16.1 2 2 1

Arkansas ------------------------------------------------------------ 373 169 109 299 365 47 73 804 313 442 19.1 5 6 10

California ------------------------------------------------------------ 2 588 169 896 2 559 901 45 28 268 3 058 330 –15.4 1 1 10

Colorado ------------------------------------------------------------ 836 113 143 664 564 20 171 550 525 537 59.1 2 3 (Z)

Connecticut ---------------------------------------------------------- 510 043 163 456 322 35 53 721 536 143 –4.9 2 2 1

Delaware ------------------------------------------------------------ 193 788 30 135 562 33 58 226 155 907 24.3 2 2 3

District of Columbia 119 --------------------------------------------------- 047 10 80 938 26 38 109 117 988 .9 2 4 1

Florida -------------------------------------------------------------- 1 908 356 479 1 792 020 33 116 336 1 913 657 –.3 1 1 1

Georgia ------------------------------------------------------------- 946 078 262 842 407 47 103 671 1 018 646 –7.1 2 2 (Z)

Hawaii--------------------------------------------------------------- (D) 43 (D) 1 (D) 183 157 (D) (D) (D) (D)

Idaho --------------------------------------------------------------- 239 844 76 188 543 40 51 300 107 123 123.9 3 3 6

Illinois --------------------------------------------------------------- 1 677 302 437 1 646 616 49 30 686 1 569 568 6.9 1 1 23

Indiana -------------------------------------------------------------- 760 743 197 715 124 39 45 619 559 660 35.9 2 2 1

Iowa ---------------------------------------------------------------- 668 126 156 626 196 49 41 930 390 521 71.1 2 2 3

Kansas -------------------------------------------------------------- 497 676 132 417 430 36 80 246 501 935 –.8 1 2 1

Kentucky ------------------------------------------------------------ 663 008 204 592 748 47 70 260 628 464 5.5 2 2 (Z)

Louisiana ------------------------------------------------------------ 617 647 132 579 282 19 38 365 682 748 –9.5 3 3 (Z)

Maine --------------------------------------------------------------- 182 488 70 (D) 14 (D) 187 286 –2.6 4 (D) (D)

Maryland ------------------------------------------------------------ 757 671 178 641 911 58 115 760 985 311 –23.1 2 2 1

Massachusetts 391 ------------------------------------------------------- 230 230 372 682 25 18 548 515 233 –24.1 2 3 (Z)

Michigan------------------------------------------------------------- 883 064 308 843 639 21 39 426 886 949 –.4 2 2 (Z)

Minnesota 1 ----------------------------------------------------------- 007 238 273 977 621 21 29 617 793 746 26.9 1 1 (Z)

Mississippi ----------------------------------------------------------- 450 990 137 396 838 32 54 153 326 181 38.3 4 4 3

Missouri ------------------------------------------------------------- 727 624 175 605 233 65 122 391 615 772 18.2 3 3 5

Montana------------------------------------------------------------- 222 444 90 203 806 25 18 638 216 385 2.8 4 4 6

Nebraska ------------------------------------------------------------ 305 908 67 267 977 60 37 931 217 169 40.9 11 12 2

Nevada-------------------------------------------------------------- 275 820 72 230 385 34 45 436 304 094 –9.3 3 3 1

New Hampshire 121 ------------------------------------------------------ 496 68 98 881 18 22 616 168 189 –27.8 6 7 (Z)

New Jersey ---------------------------------------------------------- 867 559 333 793 002 59 74 557 902 345 –3.9 2 2 6

New Mexico --------------------------------------------------------- 298 628 51 212 776 30 85 852 359 065 –16.8 2 2 5

New York------------------------------------------------------------ 1 672 160 535 1 601 284 35 70 876 1 770 316 –5.5 3 3 1 North Carolina 1 ------------------------------------------------------- 027 842 323 944 124 50 83 719 842 480 22.0 2 2 1 North Dakota 145 -------------------------------------------------------- 139 43 112 641 16 32 497 162 497 –10.7 3 4 1

Ohio ---------------------------------------------------------------- 1 672 846 373 1 630 308 56 42 538 1 130 000 48.0 1 1 3 Oklahoma ----------------------------------------------------------- 454 325 151 355 362 31 98 962 380 357 19.4 2 2 1 Oregon -------------------------------------------------------------- 343 740 242 313 382 26 30 359 351 618 –2.2 3 3 4 Pennsylvania 1 --------------------------------------------------------- 529 718 406 1 439 824 45 89 894 1 540 843 –.7 2 2 2 Rhode Island--------------------------------------------------------- 95 862 29 91 129 13 4 733 103 845 –7.7 3 3 1

South Carolina 357 ------------------------------------------------------- 607 120 308 578 50 49 029 477 678 –25.1 2 3 1 South Dakota 232 -------------------------------------------------------- 408 106 167 939 37 64 469 160 339 44.9 5 7 3 Tennessee----------------------------------------------------------- 790 059 191 742 209 55 47 850 663 695 19.0 1 2 7 Texas --------------------------------------------------------------- 2 349 559 576 2 206 282 35 143 277 3 254 870 –27.8 1 1 (Z) Utah ---------------------------------------------------------------- 280 297 75 273 815 10 6 482 271 274 3.3 2 2 1

Vermont ------------------------------------------------------------- (D) 23 (D) 14 (D) 80 397 (D) (D) (D) (D)

Virginia -------------------------------------------------------------- 985 669 357 829 281 72 156 387 1 065 667 –7.5 2 2 1 Washington ---------------------------------------------------------- 742 738 259 659 217 44 83 520 524 858 41.5 2 2 1 West Virginia 285 --------------------------------------------------------- 406 78 225 437 67 59 969 304 005 –6.1 2 3 3 Wisconsin ----------------------------------------------------------- 858 386 152 846 035 26 12 351 596 792 43.8 1 1 17 Wyoming ------------------------------------------------------------ 175 782 61 130 299 44 45 482 202 552 –13.2 3 4 3

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Table 11. Dollar Value of Business Done for Establishments With Payroll by

Kind-of-Business Activity: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Based on their primary business activity or combination of activities, establishments were classified into this specific industry.

These establishments, however, may also be engaged in other kinds of business activities. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see

appendixes]

Primary and other kind of business activities

Dollar value of business done Relative standard error of estimate (percent)

1992 1987 1992 1987

All kinds of business 36 ------------------------------------- 645 834 35 528 035 (Z) (Z)

BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONmGENERAL CONTRACTORS

AND OPERATIVE BUILDERS

General building contractor 194 ----------------------------------------- 467 273 063 4 2

HEAVY CONSTRUCTION OTHER THAN BUILDING

CONSTRUCTIONmCONTRACTORS

Excavating, earthmoving, and land clearing contractor, not connected

with buildings ---------------------------------------------------- 317 479 1 863 206 2 1

Heavy construction contractor 2 -------------------------------------- 597 496 2 894 429 1 1

Highway and street general contractor 19 ------------------------------ 303 233 19 243 208 (Z) (Z)

Paving contractor ------------------------------------------------- 12 265 997 8 877 237 1 1

SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS

Asphalt contractor, private driveways and parking areas 172 --------------- 646 (NA) 3 (NA)

Excavating, earth and land clearing contractor, connected with

buildings -------------------------------------------------------- 188 810 165 463 2 3

Other construction activities 315 ---------------------------------------- 679 553 351 3 (NA)

OTHER BUSINESS ACTIVITIES

Manufacturing ---------------------------------------------------- 545 345 519 006 (Z) 1

Mining services --------------------------------------------------- 283 645 143 004 1 1

Rental of construction machinery or equipment to others 111 -------------- 751 142 125 3 2

Retail trade------------------------------------------------------- 170 774 97 934 2 2

Other business activities ------------------------------------------- 168 057 443 596 2 (NA)

Kind of business activity, n.s.k. 10 ------------------------------------- 455 312 414 31 2

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Table 12. Selected Industry Ratios for Establishments With Payroll: 1992 and 1987

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Selected statistics

1992 1987

Relative

standard error

of estimate

(percent)

for 1992

AVERAGE PER ESTABLISHMENT

Number of employees**---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25.5 25.9 1 Number of construction workers--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20.9 21.8 1 Number of all other employees --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4.6 4.1 1 Payroll, all employees --------------------------------------------------------------------------- $1,000-- 729.2 640.9 1 Payroll, construction workers------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 540.8 491.3 1 Payroll, other employees ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 188.4 149.6 1

Dollar value of business done------------------------------------------------------------------------ do-- 3 631.8 3 233.9 1 Value of construction work -------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 3 501.5 3 109.5 1 Cost of materials, components, supplies, and fuels do ----------------------------------------------------- -- 1 334.6 1 113.3 1 Construction work subcontracted to others do ------------------------------------------------------------ -- 740.2 562.3 1 Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings do --------------------------------------------------- -- 111.6 114.6 2 Capital expenditures, other than land ----------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 127.0 123.2 2 Gross book value of depreciable assets do -------------------------------------------------------------- -- 1 360.4 1 006.4 1

AVERAGE PER EMPLOYEE

Payroll, all employees --------------------------------------------------------------------------- $1,000-- 28.6 24.8 (Z)

Dollar value of business done------------------------------------------------------------------------ do-- 142.4 124.9 (Z)

Value added†† ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 61.0 60.2 (Z)

AVERAGE PER CONSTRUCTION WORKER

Payroll, construction workers--------------------------------------------------------------------- $1,000-- 25.8 22.6 (Z)

Value of construction work -------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 167.3 142.9 (Z)

AVERAGE PER OTHER EMPLOYEE

Payroll, other employees ------------------------------------------------------------------------ $1,000-- 41.2 36.3 (Z)

AVERAGE PER DOLLAR VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK

Payroll, all employees ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ .208 .206 (Z)

Cost of materials, components, supplies, and fuels---------------------------------------------------------- .381 .358 (Z)

Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others ------------------------------------------------------ .211 .181 (Z)

Value of construction work subcontracted in from others ---------------------------------------------------- .208 .207 1

Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings -------------------------------------------------------- .032 .037 1

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Table 13. Selected Industry Ratios for Establishments With Payroll by State: 1992

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Location of establishment

Average per dollar value of construction work

Average

number of

employees**

per establishment

Payroll

per

employee

($1,000)

Value of

construction

work per

construction

worker

($1,000)

Payroll,

all employees

Cost of

materials,

components,

supplies,

and fuels

Cost of

construction

work subcontracted

out to others

Value of

construction

work subcontracted

in from others

Rental

cost for

machinery,

equipment,

and

buildings

United States 25.5 -------------------------------- 28.6 167.3 .208 .381 .211 .208 .032

Alabama 28.7 ---------------------------------------------- 20.4 121.1 .197 .362 .189 .230 .020

Alaska 15.2 ----------------------------------------------- 46.4 209.3 .262 .443 .163 .117 .038

Arizona 29.8 ----------------------------------------------- 27.7 182.8 .190 .346 .222 .176 .045

Arkansas 21.8 --------------------------------------------- 20.9 154.8 .161 .425 .166 .170 .020

California 17.3 --------------------------------------------- 37.2 228.8 .212 .359 .237 .241 .055

Colorado 33.1 --------------------------------------------- 29.6 199.3 .187 .323 .213 .145 .040

Connecticut 18.3 ------------------------------------------- 34.5 198.0 .219 .427 .191 .173 .041

Delaware 46.2 --------------------------------------------- 28.9 178.5 .209 (D) .170 .207 .048

District of Columbia 71.3 ------------------------------------ 36.5 166.6 .268 .370 .229 .381 .042

Florida 30.6 ----------------------------------------------- 23.0 156.0 .180 .334 .275 .221 .033

Georgia 32.0 ---------------------------------------------- 20.1 138.4 .172 .371 .248 .155 .017

Hawaii 71.6 ------------------------------------------------ 44.7 264.0 .215 .373 .247 .166 .027

Idaho 26.4 ------------------------------------------------ 24.4 134.7 .221 .286 .187 .174 .036

Illinois 24.2 ------------------------------------------------ 36.2 199.1 .225 .350 .201 .200 .040

Indiana 27.6 ----------------------------------------------- 32.5 173.8 .231 .432 .207 .209 .030

Iowa 31.9 ------------------------------------------------- 25.9 175.0 .173 .415 .230 .162 .016

Kansas 31.4 ----------------------------------------------- 24.1 139.6 .210 .417 .228 .231 .025

Kentucky 23.9 --------------------------------------------- 25.2 161.8 .184 .442 .223 .170 .027

Louisiana 50.4 --------------------------------------------- 19.3 119.4 .191 .501 .154 .133 .025

Maine 38.7 ------------------------------------------------ 26.9 108.3 .309 .338 .135 .251 .030

Maryland 38.5 --------------------------------------------- 27.8 144.7 .243 .301 .233 .219 .040

Massachusetts 12.4 ---------------------------------------- 32.0 181.9 .220 .324 .191 .213 .024

Michigan 20.3 ---------------------------------------------- 31.2 188.1 .202 .379 .207 .225 .031

Minnesota 23.6 -------------------------------------------- 36.3 205.7 .211 .350 .213 .211 .035

Mississippi 27.4 -------------------------------------------- 21.0 136.3 .187 .479 .211 .305 .032

Missouri 27.0 ---------------------------------------------- 30.1 187.5 .196 .376 .258 .186 .026

Montana 17.9 ---------------------------------------------- 30.8 164.2 .222 .296 .189 .209 .040

Nebraska 32.7 --------------------------------------------- 26.1 167.6 .184 .392 .221 .201 .022

Nevada 22.7 ----------------------------------------------- 34.1 172.0 .240 .385 .130 .223 .039

New Hampshire 18.3 --------------------------------------- 32.1 154.1 .263 (D) .137 .230 .053

New Jersey 16.9 ------------------------------------------- 36.9 189.1 .242 .330 .193 .223 .033

New Mexico 42.5 ------------------------------------------ 22.5 114.0 .226 .366 .169 .091 .025

New York 20.1 --------------------------------------------- 35.1 192.7 .229 .338 .167 .180 .029

North Carolina 28.1 ---------------------------------------- 22.3 134.3 .200 .419 .222 .265 .026

North Dakota 27.0 ----------------------------------------- 26.6 150.3 .200 .283 .198 .139 .047

Ohio 28.5 ------------------------------------------------- 33.3 201.3 .203 .469 .205 .208 .020

Oklahoma 19.9 -------------------------------------------- 23.1 151.1 .183 .487 .153 .211 .029

Oregon 10.9 ----------------------------------------------- 28.1 158.2 .217 .409 .179 .213 .046 Pennsylvania 26.1 ------------------------------------------ 29.9 166.9 .217 .365 .194 .197 .028 Rhode Island 28.7 ------------------------------------------ 32.8 161.9 .260 (D) .171 .132 .047

South Carolina 26.2 ---------------------------------------- 20.9 142.8 .179 .391 .263 .216 .021 South Dakota 14.5 ----------------------------------------- 22.4 131.7 .196 .308 .166 .248 .029 Tennessee 31.2 -------------------------------------------- 24.4 157.9 .183 .409 .220 .194 .022 Texas 35.1 ------------------------------------------------ 21.9 129.1 .199 .418 .196 .194 .031 Utah 33.4 ------------------------------------------------- 26.7 145.4 .225 .396 .249 .204 .036

Vermont 11.7 ---------------------------------------------- 27.2 144.5 .234 .540 .131 .367 .015 Virginia 24.8 ----------------------------------------------- 23.3 125.6 .227 .377 .202 .256 .025 Washington 22.2 ------------------------------------------- 34.5 186.0 .231 .365 .183 .226 .020 West Virginia 29.0 ------------------------------------------ 28.6 140.7 .248 .398 .196 .187 .030 Wisconsin 29.9 -------------------------------------------- 39.4 240.4 .196 .350 .270 .335 .033 Wyoming 18.4 --------------------------------------------- 25.7 125.9 .240 .348 .163 .122 .044

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Appendix A.

Explanation of Terms

Construction. Is composed of three broad categories:

1. New construction. Includes the complete, original

building of structures and essential service facilities

and the initial installation of integral equipment such as

elevators and plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning

supplies and equipment.

2. Additions, alterations, or reconstruction. Includes

construction work which adds to the value or useful life

of an existing building or structure, or which adapts a

building or structure to a new or different use. Included

are ‘‘major replacements’’ of building systems such as

the installation of a new roof or heating system and the

resurfacing of streets or highways. This contrasts to

the repair of a hole in a roof or the routine patching of

highways and streets, which would be classified as

maintenance and repair.

3. Maintenance and repair. Includes incidental construction work which keeps a property in ordinary working

condition. Excluded are trash and snow removal, lawn

maintenance and landscaping, and cleaning and janitorial services.

Number of establishments in business during year.

Includes all establishments that were in business at any

time during the year. It covers all full-year and part-year

operations. Construction establishments which were inactive or idle for the entire year were not included.

Proprietors and working partners. These data were not

collected on the census report forms. The data shown are

based on crediting each sole proprietorship establishment

with one active proprietor and each partnership establishment with two working partners.

All employees. Comprises all full-time and part-time employees on the payrolls of construction establishments who

worked or received pay for any part of the pay period

including the 12th of March, May, August, and November.

Included are all persons on paid sick leave, paid holidays,

and paid vacations during these pay periods. Officers of

corporations are included, but proprietors and partners of

unincorporated firms are not.

All employees is the sum of all employees during the

pay periods including the 12th of March, May, August, and

November, divided by 4.

Construction workers. Includes all workers up through

the working supervisor level directly engaged in construction operations, such as painters, carpenters, plumbers,

and electricians. Included are journeymen, mechanics,

apprentices, laborers, truck drivers and helpers, equipment

operators, and on-site record keepers and security guards.

Supervisory employees above the working foreman level

are excluded from this category but are included in the

‘‘other employees’’ category.

Other employees. Includes employees in executive,

purchasing, accounting, personnel, professional, and

technical activities, as well as routine office functions.

Also included are supervisory employees above the

working foreman level.

Payroll. Includes the gross earnings paid in the calendar

year 1992 to all employees on the payroll of construction

establishments. It includes all forms of compensation such

as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses,

vacation and sick leave pay, prior to such deductions as

employees’ Social Security contributions, withholding taxes,

group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds. The total

includes salaries of officers of these establishments, if a

corporation, but excludes payments to the proprietor or

partners, if unincorporated.

Fringe benefits. Represents expenditures made by the

employer during 1992 for legally required and voluntary

fringe benefit programs for employees.

Legally required contributions. Includes Social Security contributions, unemployment compensation, worker’s

compensation, and State temporary disability payments.

Voluntary payments. Includes life insurance premiums, pension plans, insurance premiums on hospital

and medical plans, welfare plans, and union negotiated benefits.

Dollar value of business done comprises the following

detail:

Value of construction work done. Includes all

value of construction work done during 1992 for

construction work performed by general contractors

and special trades contractors. Included is new construction, additions and alterations or reconstruction,

and maintenance and repair construction work. Also

included is the value of any construction work done

by the reporting establishments for themselves.

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Speculative builders were instructed to include the

value of buildings and other structures built or being

built for sale in 1992 but not sold. They were to

include the costs of such construction plus normal

profit. Also included is the cost of construction work

done on buildings for rent or lease.

Establishments engaged in the sale and installation

of such construction components as plumbing, heating, and central air-conditioning supplies and equipment; lumber and building materials; paint, glass, and

wallpaper; and electrical and wiring supplies, elevators or escalators were instructed to include both the

value for the installation and the receipts covering the

price of the items installed.

Excluded was the cost of industrial and other specialized machinery and equipment which are not an

integral part of a structure.

Other business receipts. Includes business receipts

not reported as value of construction work done. The

item includes business receipts from retail and wholesale trade, rental of equipment, manufacturing, transportation, legal service, insurance, finance, rental of

property and other real estate operations, and other

nonconstruction activities. Receipts for separately

definable architectural and engineering work for others are also included here.

Excluded was the value of construction work done and

receipts from other business operations in foreign countries and non-operating income such as interest and

dividends.

Net value of construction work. Derived for each establishment by subtracting the costs for construction work

subcontracted out to others from the value of construction

work done. (For a further explanation see ‘‘Duplication in

Value of Construction Work’’ section in the Introduction.)

Value added. Derived for each establishment, value

added is equal to dollar value of business done, less costs

for construction work subcontracted out to others, and

costs for materials, components, supplies, and fuels. (For

a further explanation see ‘‘Duplication in Value of Construction Work’’ section in the Introduction.)

Selected costs. Represents the costs for materials,

components, and supplies; costs for construction work

subcontracted out to others; and costs for selected power,

fuels, and lubricants. Capital expenditures and rental costs

for machinery, equipment, and structures are shown elsewhere.

Costs for materials, components, and supplies include:

• total costs to reporting establishments during 1992 for

the purchase of all materials, components, and supplies,

except fuels. (Supplies include expendable tools which

are charged to current accounts.)

• freight and other direct charges representing only amount

paid after discounts, and the value of materials, components, and supplies obtained from other establishments

of the respondent’s company.

• costs for materials, components, and supplies used by

the reporting establishments in the construction or reconstruction of buildings/ structures for themselves which

are chargeable to their fixed assets accounts, as well as

costs for materials bought and resold to others.

• costs made for direct purchases of materials, components, and supplies even though the purchases were

subsequently provided to subcontractors for their use.

Excluded from this item are:

• industrial and other specialized machinery and equipment such as printing presses and computer systems,

which are not an integral part of a structure.

• materials furnished to contractors by the owners of

projects.

Costs for construction work subcontracted out to others

include:

• all costs during 1992 for construction work subcontracted out to other construction contractors.

Excluded from this item are:

• the costs to the reporting establishment for its purchases of materials, components, and supplies provided

to a subcontractor for use. Such costs are reported

under, ‘‘costs for materials, components, and supplies.’’

• costs for the rental of machinery or equipment.

Costs for selected power, fuels, and lubricants include:

• costs for fuels, lubricants, and electric energy purchased

during the year from other companies or received from

other establishments of the company.

• costs for natural and manufactured gas, fuel oil, coal,

and coke products.

Rental costs for machinery, equipment, and buildings.

Includes all costs during 1992 for renting or leasing

construction machinery and equipment, transportation equipment, production equipment, office equipment, furniture

and fixtures, scaffolding, office space, and buildings. It

excludes costs for the rental of land. It also excludes costs

under agreements which, in effect, are conditional sales

contracts such as capital leases. Such costs are included

in ‘‘capital expenditures.’’

Selected purchased services. Includes all costs during

1992 for communication services purchased from other

companies or from other establishments of the company. It

also includes the cost of all repairs made to structures and

equipment by outside companies or from other establishments of the same company. It includes only the cost of

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repair necessary to maintain property and equipment. It

excludes the cost of improvements that increase the value

of property or the cost of adapting it for another use. Such

costs are included in ‘‘capital expenditures.’’

Assets and depreciation. Refers to the original cost of all

fixed tangible assets such as buildings and other structures (offices and shops); stationary machinery (generators and shop equipment); mobile machinery (tractors and

trucks); and other equipment (office furniture and fixtures).

Not included are such items as current assets, depletable

assets, intangible assets, and nondepreciable assets.

Data on assets and depreciation were collected separately for: (1) buildings and other structures, additions, and

related facilities; and (2) machinery and equipment.

Respondents were also asked to report capitalized

expenditures, depreciation charges, and the gross value

of assets sold, retired, scrapped, and destroyed during

1992.

Capital expenditures. Refers to all costs actually incurred

during 1992 which were or would be chargeable to the

fixed assets accounts of the reporting establishments and

which were of the type for which depreciation accounts are

ordinarily maintained. These expenditures cover the acquisition, the construction, and the major alteration of the

reporting establishment’s own buildings and other structures, whether purchased, constructed under contract, or

constructed by the reporting establishment’s own forces;

and the acquisition of machinery and equipment.

If leasing arrangements met the criteria set down by the

Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) for a capital

lease, respondents were instructed to report the original

cost or market value of that equipment or building as a

fixed asset and capital expenditure if acquired during 1992.

If capital expenditures were not recorded directly at the

establishment level but handled centrally at the company

or division level, respondents were requested to report

appropriate estimates for the individual establishments.

Inventories. Includes all of the materials and supplies

that are owned regardless of where they are held. Excludes

materials which are owned by others, but held by the

reporting establishment.

Builders who built on their own account for sale were

requested to exclude work in progress and finished units

not sold from inventories.

Inventories of multiestablishment companies were instructed to be reported by the establishment that is

responsible for the inventories even if these inventories

were held at a separate location.

Ownership of construction projects. Shows the distribution of the value of construction work done by ownership

of the project; that is, Government owned or privately

owned. This classification relates to the ownership of the

projects or work undertaken during the construction phase.

Government owned projects are shown separately for

Federal and State and local governments.

Value of construction work subcontracted in from

others. Includes the value of construction work during

1992 for work done by reporting establishments as subcontractors. Establishments were asked to report the

approximate percent of total value of construction work

accounted for by such work, and the percentages reported

were applied to the reported value of construction work to

develop a value for this item.

Types of construction. Provides data by the types of

buildings, structures, or other facilities being constructed

or worked on by construction establishments in 1992.

Respondents were instructed that each building, structure,

or other facility should be classified in terms of its function.

For example, a restaurant building was to be classified in

the restaurant category whether it was designed as a

commercial restaurant building or an auxiliary unit of an

educational institution. If respondents worked on more

than one type of building or structure in a multibuilding

complex, they were instructed to report separately for each

building or type of structure. If they worked on a building

that had more than one purpose; i.e, office and residential,

or commercial, they were to classify the building by major

purpose.

In addition, all respondents were requested to report the

percentage of the value of construction work done for new

construction, additions, alterations, or reconstruction, and

maintenance and repair work for each of these types. See

the definition of ‘‘Construction’’ for the meanings of these

terms.

Building construction:

• Single-family houses, detached. Includes all residential buildings constructed for one family use.

• Single-family houses, attached, including townhouses

and townhouse-type condominiums. Includes all residential buildings with two or more living quarters side by

side, completely independent of one another, and separated by an unbroken party or lot line wall from ground to

roof.

• Apartment buildings with two or more units, including rentals, apartment-type condominiums, and cooperatives. Includes high-rise, low-rise, or any structures

containing two or more housing units other than attached

single-family houses.

• Hotels, motels, and tourist cabins. Includes hotels,

motels, bed and breakfast inns, and tourist cabins

intended for transient accommodations. Also included

are hotel and motel conference centers.

• Other residential buildings. Includes dormitories, fraternity and sorority houses, and other nonhousekeeping

residential structures.

• Office buildings. Includes all buildings which are used

primarily for office space or for government administrative offices. Also included are banks or financial buildings which are three stories or more. Medical office

buildings are reported under hospitals and institutional

buildings.

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• Other commercial buildings, such as stores, restaurants, and automobile service stations. Includes all

buildings which are intended for use primarily in the retail

and service trades. For example, shopping centers,

department stores, drug stores, restaurants, public garages,

auto service stations, and one or two story bank or

financial institutions.

• Industrial buildings. Includes all industrial buildings

and plants which are used to house production and

assembly activities. Note that industrial parks should be

classified under its primary usage such as warehouses,

office space, commercial or industrial type buildings.

Heavy industrial facilities such as blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, and chemical complexes are not included

in this category but are reported under nonbuilding

construction.

• Warehouses. Includes commercial warehouses, cold

storage plants, grain elevators, mini-warehouses, and

other such storage buildings.

• Religious buildings. Includes all buildings which are

intended for religious services or functions such as

churches, synagogues, convents, monasteries, and seminaries.

• Educational buildings. Includes all buildings which are

used directly in administrative and instructional activities

such as colleges, universities, elementary and secondary schools, correspondence, commercial, and trade

schools. Libraries, museums, and art galleries, as well as

laboratories which are not a part of a manufacturing or

commercial establishment, are also included.

• Hospitals and institutional buildings. Includes medical office buildings and all other buildings which are

intended to provide hospital and institutional care such

as clinics, infirmaries, sanitariums, nursing homes, homes

for the aged, and orphanages.

• Farm buildings, nonresidential. Includes nonresidential farm buildings such as barns, poultry houses, implement sheds, and farm silos.

• Amusement, social, and recreational buildings. Includes buildings which are used primarily for entertainment, social, and recreational activities such as sports

arenas, convention centers, theaters, music halls, golf

and country club buildings, skating rinks, fitness centers,

bowling alleys, and indoor swimming pools.

• Other nonresidential buildings. Includes nonresidential buildings which are not classified elsewhere such as

fire stations, post offices, bus and air passenger terminals and hangars, and prisons.

Nonbuilding construction:

• Highways, streets, and related work such as installation of guardrails, highway signs, and lighting. Includes streets, roads, alleys, sidewalks, curbs and gutters, culverts, right-of-way drainage, erosion control, and

lighting. Also includes earthwork protective structures

when used in connection with road improvements.

• Outdoor swimming pools. Includes wading pools and

reflecting pools.

• Airport runways and related work. Includes runways,

taxiways, aprons, and related work.

• Private driveways and parking areas. Includes all

nonstructural parking areas and private driveways of all

surface types.

• Fencing. Includes all types of fencing.

• Recreationalfacilities. Includes athletic fields,golf courses,

outdoor tennis courts, trails, and camps.

• Tunnels. Includes highway, pedestrian, railroad, and

water distribution tunnels.

• Bridges and elevated highways. Includes viaducts

and overpasses, roads, highways, railroads, and causeways built on structural supports.

• Dam and reservoir construction. Includes hydroelectric, water supply, and flood control dams and reservoirs.

• Marine construction. Includes dredging, underwater

rock removal, breakwaters, navigational channels, and

locks.

• Harbor and port facilities. Includes docks, piers, and

wharves.

• Conservation and development construction. Includes

land reclamation, irrigation projects, drainage canals,

levees, jetties, breakwaters, and flood control projects.

• Power and communication transmission lines, towers, and related facilities. Includes electric power lines,

telephone and telegraph lines, fiber optic cables, cable

television lines, television and radio towers, and electric

light and power facilities.

• Sewers, sewerlines, septic tanks, and related facilities. Includes sanitary and storm sewers, pumping stations, septic systems, and related facilities.

• Water mains and related facilities. Includes water

supply systems, pumping stations, and related facilities.

• Pipeline construction other than sewer or

waterlines. Includes pipelines for the transmission of

gas, petroleum products, and liquefied gases.

• Urban mass transit. Includes subways, trollies, street

cars, and light rail systems.

• Railroad construction. Includes the construction of

railroad beds, tracks, freight yards, and signal towers for

systems other than urban mass transit.

• Blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, chemical complexes, etc. Includes coke ovens and mining appurtenances such as tipples and washeries.

A–4 APPENDIX A CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES
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• Power plants, nuclear. Includes atomic energy plants

and nuclear reactors.

• Power plants, and cogeneration plants, except nuclear. Includes electric and steam generating plants and

cogenerating plants.

• Sewage treatment plants. Includes sewage treatment

and waste disposal plants.

• Water treatment plants. Includes water filtration and

water softening plants.

• Ships. Includes special trade contractors working on

ships and boats such as painters, carpenters, joiners,

electricians, etc.

• Other nonbuilding construction. Includes all types of

nonbuilding construction not included elsewhere.

CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES APPENDIX A A–5
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Appendix B.

Standard Industrial Classification Titles for

Industry Groups and Industries

SIC

code Industry titles

15 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION—GENERAL

CONTRACTORS AND OPERATIVE

BUILDERS

152 General Building Contractors—Residential

Buildings

1521 General Contractors—Single-Family Houses

1522 General Contractors—Residential Buildings,

Other Than Single-Family

153 Operative Builders

1531 Operative Builders

154 General Building Contractors—Nonresidential

Buildings

1541 General Contractors—Industrial Buildings and

Warehouses

1542 General Contractors—Nonresidential Buildings,

Other Than Industrial Buildings and Warehouses

16 HEAVY CONSTRUCTION OTHER THAN

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION—

CONTRACTORS

161 Highway and Street Construction, Except

Elevated Highways

1611 Highway and Street Construction Contractors,

Except Elevated Highways

162 Heavy Construction, Except Highway and

Street Construction

1622 Bridge, Tunnel, and Elevated Highway

Construction Contractors

1623 Water, Sewer, Pipeline, and Communications

and Power Line Construction Contractors

1629 Heavy Construction Contractors, Not Elsewhere

Classified

17 CONSTRUCTION—SPECIAL TRADE

CONTRACTORS

171 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning

Special Trade Contractors

1711 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning

Special Trade Contractors

172 Painting and Paper Hanging

Special Trade Contractors

1721 Painting and Paper Hanging

Special Trade Contractors

SIC

code Industry titles

17 CONSTRUCTION—SPECIAL TRADE

CONTRACTORS—Con.

173 Electrical Work Special Trade Contractors

1731 Electrical Work Special Trade Contractors

174 Masonry, Stone Work, Tile Setting, and

Plastering Special Trade Contractors

1741 Masonry, Stone Setting, and Other Stone

Work Special Trade Contractors

1742 Plastering, Drywall, Acoustical, and Insulation

Work Special Trade Contractors

1743 Terrazzo, Tile, Marble, and Mosaic Work

Special Trade Contractors

175 Carpentry and Floor Work Special Trade

Contractors

1751 Carpentry Work Special Trade Contractors

1752 Floor Laying and Other Floor Work Special

Trade Contractors, Not Elsewhere

Classified

176 Roofing, Siding, and Sheet Metal Work

Special Trade Contractors

1761 Roofing, Siding, and Sheet Metal Work

Special Trade Contractors

177 Concrete Work Special Trade Contractors

1771 Concrete Work Special Trade Contractors

178 Water Well Drilling Special Trade Contractors

1781 Water Well Drilling Special Trade Contractors

179 Miscellaneous Special Trade Contractors

1791 Structural Steel Erection Special Trade

Contractors

1793 Glass and Glazing Work Special Trade

Contractors

1794 Excavation Work Special Trade Contractors

1795 Wrecking and Demolition Work Special

Trade Contractors

1796 Installation or Erection of Building Equipment,

Special Trade Contractors, Not Elsewhere

Classified

1799 Special Trade Contractors, Not Elsewhere

Classified

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Appendix C.

Geographic Divisions and States

NEW ENGLAND STATES

Connecticut

Maine

Massachusetts

New Hampshire

Rhode Island

Vermont

MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES

New Jersey

New York

Pennsylvania

EAST NORTH CENTRAL STATES

Illinois

Indiana

Michigan

Ohio

Wisconsin

WEST NORTH CENTRAL STATES

Iowa

Kansas

Minnesota

Missouri

Nebraska

North Dakota

South Dakota

SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES

Delaware

District of Columbia

Florida

Georgia

Maryland

SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES—Con.

North Carolina

South Carolina

Virginia

West Virginia

EAST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES

Alabama

Kentucky

Mississippi

Tennessee

WEST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES

Arkansas

Louisiana

Oklahoma

Texas

MOUNTAIN STATES

Arizona

Colorado

Idaho

Montana

Nevada

New Mexico

Utah

Wyoming

PACIFIC STATES

Alaska

California

Hawaii

Oregon

Washington

CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES APPENDIX C C–1