17-3523-cv 

Lazzari v. New York City Department of Parks and Recreation 

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS 

FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A 

SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY 

FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN 

CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE 

EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION 

“SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON 

ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the 

Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 

4th day of October, two thousand eighteen. 

 

PRESENT: PETER W. HALL, 

 GERARD E. LYNCH, 

 Circuit Judges, 

 WILLIAM F. KUNTZ, 

 Judge.*

_____________________________________ 

Michael Lazzari, 

Plaintiff-Appellant, 

 

v. No. 17-3523-cv 

New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, 

    Defendant-Appellee.    

_____________________________________ 

For Appellant: Fausto E. Zapata,Jr.,Law Office of Fausto E. Zapata, 

Jr., P.C., New York, NY 

For Appellee: Zachary W. Carter, Scott Shorr, Tahirih M. Sadrieh, 

(on the brief), Richard Dearing, New York City Law 

Department, New York, NY 

* Judge William F. Kuntz of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, Sitting by 

Designation. 
2 

 Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Southern District of 

New York (Pauley, J.). 

UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND 

DECREED that the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.

 Plaintiff-Appellant Michael Lazzari appeals a judgment granting summary judgment to 

Defendant-Appellee New York City Department of Parks and Recreation (“the City” or “Parks”) 

and denying Lazzari’s cross-motion for summary judgment in an action under the Americans with 

Disabilities Act (“ADA”), 42 U.S.C. § 12101 et seq., the New York State Human Rights Law 

(“NYSHRL”), N.Y. Exec. Law § 290 et seq., and the New York City Human Rights Law 

(“NYCHRL”), N.Y.C. Admin. Code § 8-101 et seq. Parks employed Lazzari as a maintenance 

worker from April 2013 to January 2014, during which time Lazzari missed 87 days of work. 

Lazzari alleges that he suffered a disability in the form of a bulging disk in his neck that contributed 

to severe migraine headaches and other symptoms and that often prevented him from being able 

to get out of bed or perform his normal job responsibilities. He argues that the district court erred 

in granting summary judgment to the City on his failure to accommodate claims under the 

NYSHRL and NYCHRL because Parks refused to engage in an interactive process with Lazzari 

following his alleged request for a reasonable accommodation.1

 

We review the district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo, considering the record 

in the light most favorable to the appellant. Jackson v. Fed. Exp., 766 F.3d 189, 192 (2d Cir. 

2014). “Summary judgment is appropriate where the pleadings, the discovery and disclosure 

 

1

 Lazzari does not appeal the judgment in favor of the City on his remaining discrimination and 

retaliation claims or his failure to accommodate claim under the ADA. Accordingly, we do not 

review those parts of the judgment. 
3 

materials on file, and any affidavits show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and 

that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” F.D.I.C. v. Great Am. Ins. Co., 607 

F.3d 288, 292 (2d Cir. 2010) (internal quotation marks omitted). 

To maintain a failure to accommodate claim under the ADA and the NYSHRL, the plaintiff 

“must show that: (1) [he] is a person with a disability under the meaning of the ADA; (2) an 

employer covered by the statute had notice of his disability; (3) with reasonable accommodation, 

[the employee] could perform the essential functions of the job at issue; and (4) the employer has 

refused to make such accommodations.” Noll v. Int’l Bus. Machines Corp., 787 F.3d 89, 94 (2d 

Cir. 2015) (internal quotation marks omitted). “A reasonable accommodation is one which 

permits an employee with a disability to perform in a reasonable manner the activities involved in 

the job and does not impose an undue hardship on the employer’s business.” Vangas v. 

Montefiore Med. Ctr., 823 F.3d 174, 180 (2d Cir. 2016) (internal quotation marks omitted). “A 

claim of disability discrimination under the New York State Human Rights Law . . . is governed 

by the same legal standards as govern federal ADA claims.” Noll, 787 F.3d at 94 (quoting Graves 

v. Finch Pruyn & Co., Inc., 457 F.3d 181, 184 n.3 (2d Cir. 2006)). 

The NYCHRL similarly “requires that an employer ‘make reasonable accommodation to 

enable a person with a disability to satisfy the essential requisites of a job . . . provided that the 

disability is known or should have been known by the [employer].’” Romanello v. Intesa 

Sanpaolo, S.p.A., 22 N.Y.3d 881, 885, 998 N.E.2d 1050, 1053 (2013) (quoting N.Y.C. Admin. 

Code § 8-107(15)(a)). Unlike the NYSHRL, the NYCHRL places the burden on the employer to 

demonstrate lack of a safe and reasonable accommodation and to show undue hardship. Jacobsen 
4 

v. New York City Health & Hosps. Corp., 22 N.Y.3d 824, 835, 11 N.E. 3d 159 (2014); N.Y.C. 

Admin. Code § 8-102(18). 

The district court did not err in granting summary judgment to the City on Lazzari’s 

NYSHRL claim. As the district court found, regular attendance was an essential function of a 

maintenance worker, and Lazzari acknowledged that his alleged disability prevented him from 

going to work when his symptoms were active. Lazzari v. City of New York Dep’t of Parks & 

Recreation, No. 15-CV-8638, 2017 WL 4417696, at *3 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 3, 2017). It is undisputed 

that he missed work 87 out of approximately 194 work days. Id.; J. App. 220. Lazzari’s own 

admission that his symptoms “stopped me from working,” J. App. 62, thus defeats his claim that 

any accommodation would have enabled him to perform the essential duties of a maintenance 

worker. See Lyons v. Legal Aid Soc., 68 F.3d 1512, 1516 (2d Cir. 1995) (“It is clear that an 

essential aspect of many jobs is the ability to appear at work regularly and on time”). 

Lazzari’s sweeping argument that an employer is categorically precluded from obtaining 

summary judgment under the NYSHRL unless the employer engaged in a good faith interaction 

with the employee about a requested accommodation rests on a misinterpretation of Jacobsen, 22 

N.Y.3d 824. There, the New York Court of Appeals expressly rejected the notion that the “good 

faith interactive process is an independent element of the disability discrimination analysis” under 

the NYSHRL, noting instead that the plaintiff still maintains the burden of proving a reasonable 

accommodation. Id. at 838. Lazzari claims that he sought to have his absences excused and 

added to the end of his one-year period of probationary employment, but even assuming arguendo

that this constituted a request for an accommodation, any purported accommodation permitting his 

continued excessive absences was not a reasonable one. See McMillan v. City of New York, 711 
5 

F.3d 120, 127 (2d Cir. 2013) (“[A] reasonable accommodation can never involve the elimination 

of an essential function of a job.” (internal quotation marks omitted)); see also Vangas, 823 F.3d 

at 181 (Employee’s request for “an indefinite leave extension . . . as a matter of law is not a 

reasonable accommodation”); Romanello, 22 N.Y.3d at 884 (“Indefinite leave is not considered a 

reasonable accommodation under the State HRL”). Lazzarri’s failure to carry his burden of 

showing a reasonable accommodation that would have enabled him to perform the essential 

function of showing up to work therefore supports the district court’s award of summary judgment 

to the City. 

To the extent Lazzari maintains that he sought reassignment to a lighter duty position, 

which the record reflects he requested only once in connection with a discrete assignment in 

December 2013, his failure to identify an existing vacant position as a suitable replacement defeats 

his claim. See Jackan v. New York State Dep’t of Labor, 205 F.3d 562, 566-67 (2d Cir. 2000) 

(plaintiff alleging failure to accommodate by neglecting to reassign plaintiff to a suitable vacant 

position bears the burden of proving existence of the vacancy). And even if Lazzari had 

identified a specific alternative position, he fails to explain how a lighter duty job would have 

mitigated his excessive absenteeism, considering his own admission that “[w]hen my symptoms 

flared up I couldn’t get out of bed . . . I could not get to work.” J. App. 64. 

For the same reasons that his NYSHRL claim fails, the district court did not err in awarding 

summary judgment to the City on Lazzari’s NYCHRL claim. Even though the NYCHRL places 

the burden on the employer to show the lack of a reasonable accommodation and undue hardship, 

see Jacobsen, 22 N.Y.3d at 835, any purported accommodation predicated on the City’s tolerance 

of Lazzari’s excessive absences would have undoubtedly constituted a hardship. Lazzari’s 
6 

supervisors testified that Lazzari’s repeated failure to come to work impeded the City’s ability to 

maintain its parks and facilities and placed a strain on other workers and the City therefore 

established that a reasonable accommodation was not available.

We have considered Lazzari’s remaining arguments and find them to be without merit.

We hereby AFFIRM the judgment of the district court. 

 FOR THE COURT: 

 Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court