JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 1 SESS: 26 OUTPUT: Wed Jul 5 09:35:03 1995 / pssw02/ disk2/ economic/ cc92i/ 07/ 01cvr

Census of

Construction Industries

CC92-I-7

INDUSTRY SERIES

Bridge, Tunnel, and

Elevated Highway

Construction Contractors

Industry 1622

U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 2 SESS: 26 OUTPUT: Wed Jul 5 09:35:03 1995 / pssw02/ disk2/ economic/ cc92i/ 07/ 01cvr

Census of

Construction Industries

CC92-I-7

INDUSTRY SERIES

Bridge, Tunnel, and

Elevated Highway

Construction Contractors

Industry 1622

U.S. Department of Commerce

Ronald H. Brown, Secretary

David J. Barram, Deputy Secretary

Economics and Statistics Administration

Everett M. Ehrlich, Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Martha Farnsworth Riche, Director

Issued July 1995
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 1 SESS: 49 OUTPUT: Tue Apr 18 14:15:44 1995 / pssw01/ disk2/ economic/ cc92i/ 00/ 02ack

Many persons participated in the various activities of the 1992 Census of Construction

Industries. The overall planning and review of the census operations were performed by the

Economic Census Staff of the Economic Planning and Coordination Division.

This report was prepared in the Manufacturing and Construction Division. Barry A. Rappaport,

Assistant Chief for Construction and Mineral Census and Related Programs, was responsible for

the overall planning, management, and coordination of the census of construction industries.

Planning and implementation were under the direction of Patricia L. Horning, Chief, Construction

and Mineral Census Branch, with staff assistance by Juliana Van Berkum, Susan L. Hostetter,

Doris M. Kling, Carolyn J. Stone, and Linda M. Taylor. The sampling plans and variance and

estimation specifications were developed by Dennis K. Duke. Under the direction of C. Lloyd

Anderson, the Systems Support Staff maintained the small computers and assisted in the

management of computer output.

Systems and procedures for mailout, receipt, correspondence, data input, industry classification, other clerical processing, administrative-record processing, quality control, and the associated electronic computer programs, were developed in the Economic Planning and Coordination

Division.

Mailout preparation and receipt operations, clerical and analytical review activities, data

keying, and geocoding review were performed by the staff of the Data Preparation Division,

Judith N. Petty, Chief.

Geographic coding procedures and associated computer programs were developed by the staff

of the Geography Division, Joel Morrison, Chief.

The computer processing systems were developed and coordinated in the Economic

Statistical Methods and Programming Division, Charles P. Paulter, Jr., Chief, and Sarah W.

Baumgardner, Assistant Chief. Samuel Rozenel, Chief, Current Construction Branch, was

responsible for the design and implementation of the computer systems. The computer programs

were prepared under the supervision of Leonard S. Sammarco and Kevin J. Montgomery.

Computer processing was performed in the Computer Services Division, Marvin D. Raines,

Chief.

The staff of the Administrative and Publications Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief,

performed planning, design, composition, editorial review, and printing planning and procurement

for the publications and report forms. Bernadette J. Gayle provided publication coordination and

editing.

Special acknowledgment is also due the many businesses whose cooperation has contributed

to the publication of these data.

If you have any questions concerning the statistics in this report, call 301-457-4680.

Acknowledgments
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 1 SESS: 28 OUTPUT: Fri Jun 2 14:06:15 1995 / pssw01/ disk2/ economic/ cc92i/ 00/ 04rstr

MANUFACTURING AND CONSTRUCTION DIVISION

David W. Cartwright, Chief

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Martha Farnsworth Riche, Director

Harry A. Scarr, Deputy Director

Paula J. Schneider, Principal Associate

Director for Programs

Frederick T. Knickerbocker, Associate

Director for Economic Programs

Thomas L. Mesenbourg, Assistant Director

for Economic Programs

ECONOMIC PLANNING AND COORDINATION

DIVISION

John P. Govoni, Chief

Economics and Statistics

Administration

Everett M. Ehrlich, Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 1 SESS: 48 OUTPUT: Wed Feb 15 09:25:07 1995 / pssw01/ disk2/ economic/ cc92i/ 00/ history

Introduction to

the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC

CENSUS

The economic census is the major source of facts about

the structure and functioning of the Nation’s economy. It

provides essential information for government, business,

industry, and the general public.

The economic census furnishes an important part of the

framework for such composite measures as the gross

domestic product, input/ output measures, production and

price indexes, and other statistical series that measure

short-term changes in economic conditions.

Policymaking agencies of the Federal Government use

the data, especially in monitoring economic activity and

providing assistance to business.

State and local governments use the data to assess

business activities and tax bases within their jurisdictions

and to develop programs to attract business.

Trade associations study trends in their own and competing industries and keep their members informed of

market changes.

Individual businesses use the data to locate potential

markets and to analyze their own production and sales

performance relative to industry or area averages.

AUTHORITY AND SCOPE

Title 13 of the United States Code (sections 131, 191,

and 224) directs the Census Bureau to take the economic

census every 5 years, covering years ending in 2 and 7.

The 1992 Economic Census consists of the following eight

censuses:

• Census of Retail Trade

• Census of Wholesale Trade

• Census of Service Industries

• Census of Financial, Insurance, and Real Estate

Industries

• Census of Transportation, Communications, and

Utilities

• Census of Manufactures

• Census of Mineral Industries

• Census of Construction Industries

Special programs also cover enterprise statistics and

minority-owned and women-owned businesses. (The 1992

Census of Agriculture and 1992 Census of Governments

are conducted separately.) The next economic census is

scheduled to be taken in 1998 covering the year 1997.

AVAILABILITY OF THE DATA

The results of the economic census are available in

printed reports for sale by the U.S. Government Printing

Office and on compact discs for sale by the Census

Bureau. Order forms for all types of products are available

on request from Customer Services, Bureau of the Census,

Washington, DC 20233-8300. A more complete description of publications being issued from this census is on the

inside back cover of this document.

Census facts are also widely disseminated by trade

associations, business journals, and newspapers. Volumes containing census statistics are available in most

major public and college libraries. Finally, State data

centers in every State as well as business and industry

data centers in many States also supply economic census

statistics.

WHAT’S NEW IN 1992

The 1992 Economic Census covers more of the economy

than any previous census. New for 1992 are data on

communications, utilities, finance, insurance, and real estate,

as well as coverage of more transportation industries. The

economic, agriculture, and governments censuses now

collectively cover nearly 98 percent of all economic activity.

Among other changes, new 1992 definitions affect the

boundaries of about a third of all metropolitan areas. Also,

the Survey of Women-Owned Businesses has now been

expanded to include all corporations.

HISTORICAL INFORMATION

The economic census has been taken as an integrated

program at 5-year intervals since 1967 and before that for

1963, 1958, and 1954. Prior to that time, the individual

subcomponents of the economic census were taken separately at varying intervals.

CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES INTRODUCTION III
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 2 SESS: 48 OUTPUT: Wed Feb 15 09:25:07 1995 / pssw01/ disk2/ economic/ cc92i/ 00/ history

The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810

Decennial Census, when questions on manufacturing were

included with those for population. Coverage of economic

activities was expanded for 1840 and subsequent censuses to include mining and some commercial activities. In

1902, Congress established a permanent Census Bureau

and directed that a census of manufactures be taken every

5 years. The 1905 Manufactures Census was the first time

a census was taken apart from the regular every-10-year

population census.

The first census of business was taken in 1930, covering 1929. Initially it covered retail and wholesale trade and

construction industries, but it was broadened in 1933 to

include some of the service trades.

The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to be

fully integrated—providing comparable census data across

economic sectors, using consistent time periods, concepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. It

was the first census to be taken by mail, using lists of firms

provided by the administrative records of other Federal

agencies. Since 1963, administrative records also have

been used to provide basic statistics for very small firms,

reducing or eliminating the need to send them census

questionnaires. The Enterprise Statistics Program, which

publishes combined data from the economic census, was

made possible with the implementation of the integrated

census program in 1954.

The range of industries covered in the economic censuses has continued to expand. The census of construction industries began on a regular basis in 1967, and the

scope of service industries was broadened in 1967, 1977,

and 1987. The census of transportation began in 1963 as

a set of surveys covering travel, transportation of commodities, and trucks, but expanded in 1987 to cover business

establishments in several transportation industries. For

1992, these statistics are incorporated into a broadened

census of transportation, communications, and utilities.

Also new for 1992 is the census of financial, insurance,

and real estate industries. This is part of a gradual expansion in coverage of industries previously subjected to

government regulation.

The Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises

was first conducted as a special project in 1969 and was

incorporated into the economic census in 1972 along with

the Survey of Women-Owned Businesses.

An economic census has also been taken in Puerto

Rico since 1909, in the Virgin Islands of the United States

and Guam since 1958, and in the Commonwealth of the

Northern Mariana Islands since 1982.

Statistical reports from the 1987 and earlier censuses

provide historical figures for the study of long-term time

series and are available in some large libraries. All of the

census data published since 1967 are still available for

sale on microfiche from the Census Bureau.

AVAILABILITY OF MORE FREQUENT

ECONOMIC DATA

While the census provides complete enumerations every

5 years, there are many needs for more frequent data as

well. The Census Bureau conducts a number of monthly,

quarterly, and annual surveys, with the results appearing in

publication series such as Current Business Reports (retail

and wholesale trade and service industries), the Annual

Survey of Manufactures, Current Industrial Reports, and

the Quarterly Financial Report. Most of these surveys,

while providing more frequent observations, yield less

kind-of-business and geographic detail than the census.

The County Business Patterns program offers annual

statistics on the number of establishments, employment,

and payroll classified by industry within each county.

SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION

More information about the scope, coverage, classification system, data items, and publications for each of the

economic censuses and related surveys is published in the

Guide to the 1992 Economic Census and Related Statistics. More information on the methodology, procedures,

and history of the census will be published in the History of

the 1992 Economic Census. Contact Customer Services

for information on availability.

IV INTRODUCTION CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 1 SESS: 56 OUTPUT: Tue Apr 4 09:52:56 1995 / pssw01/ disk2/ economic/ cc92i/ 00/ 07intro

Census of Construction

GENERAL

The 1992 Census of Construction Industries covers all

employer establishments (establishments with payroll) primarily engaged in contract construction or construction on

their own account for sale as defined in the Standard

Industrial Classification Manual: 19871 (SIC). This industrial classification system has been developed by experts

on classification in government and private industry under

the guidance of the Office of Management and Budget and

is in general use among government agencies and among

organizations outside the government.

Contract construction. The SIC manual defines construction in three broad types of activity:

1. Building construction by general contractors or by

operative builders. General building contractors are

primarily engaged in the construction of dwellings,

office buildings, stores, farm buildings, and other building projects. Operative builders who build on their own

account for sale are also included here. However,

investment builders who build structures on their own

account for rent are classified in Real Estate.

2. Heavy construction general contractors. Heavy construction general contractors are primarily engaged in

the construction of highways, bridges, pipelines, sewers and water lines, marine construction, power, and

petro-chemical plants and other nonbuilding construction projects. Special trade contractors are classified

in heavy construction, if they are specifically engaged

in the following activities: grading for highway and

airport runways; guardrail construction; installation of

highway signs; asphalt and concrete construction of

roads, highways, streets, and public sidewalks; trenching, cable laying; conduit construction; underwater

rock removal; pipeline wrapping; or land clearing and

leveling.

3. Constructionby other specialtrade contractors. These

contractors include plumbers, painters, carpenters,

electricians, brick layers, roofers, etc. For the most

part, they perform their work at the site of construction,

although they may also have shops where they perform work incidental to the job site.

General contractors in both the building and the heavy

construction field usually assume responsibility for an

entire construction project, but may subcontract to others

all of the actual construction work or those portions of the

project requiring special skills or equipment. Special trade

contractors may work for general contractors, for other

subcontractors, or may work directly for the owner of the

property.

Each establishment receiving a questionnaire was requested

to report the percent of total dollar value of business done

for each kind-of-business activity engaged in during 1992.

This information was used for the computer assignment of

appropriate industry classifications. During this work, various tests were also made using other data reported on the

questionnaire. The proportion of construction work to total

business was checked to verify that the establishment was

primarily in construction. Also taken into consideration

were the types of structures worked on during the year and

the extent of work undertaken for other contractors.

Construction establishments often engage in various

construction activities. It is necessary, however, to assign

a single industry code to the establishment based on its

major activity. Therefore, the statistics shown for an industry reflect not only the primary activity of the establishments in the industry but also their secondary activities.

The industry reports, however, do present data on the

extent of secondary activities.

Prior to 1992, this census also included one industry

classified in the Real Estate area, SIC 6552, Land Subdividers and Developers, Except Cemeteries. This industry

is covered in the 1992 Census of Financial, Insurance,

and Real Estate Industries.

ESTABLISHMENT BASIS OF REPORTING

The census of construction industries is conducted on

an establishment basis. A ‘‘construction establishment’’ is

defined as a relatively permanent office or other place of

business where the usual business activities related to

construction are conducted. With some exceptions, a

relatively permanent office is one which has been established for the management of more than one project or job

and which is expected to be maintained on a continuing

basis. Such ‘‘establishment’’ activities include, but are not

limited to estimating, bidding, purchasing, supervising, and

operation of the actual construction work being conducted

1

Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,

DC 20402. Stock No. 041-001-00314-2.

CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES CENSUS OF CONSTRUCTION V
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 2 SESS: 56 OUTPUT: Tue Apr 4 09:52:56 1995 / pssw01/ disk2/ economic/ cc92i/ 00/ 07intro

at one or more construction sites. Separate construction

reports were not required for each project or construction

site.

Companies with more than one construction establishment were required to submit a separate report for each

establishment operated during all or any part of 1992. The

census of construction industries figures represent a summary of records for individual establishments rather than

for companies.

If an establishment was engaged in construction and

one or more distinctly different lines of economic activity

(wholesale or retail trade, service, manufacturing, mining,

etc.) at the same place of business, it was requested to file

a separate report for each activity, provided that the

activity was of substantial size and separate records were

maintained or substantially accurate estimates could be

prepared.

If a separate establishment report could not be prepared for each activity, then a construction report was

requested covering all activities of that establishment

providing that the 1992 value of construction work exceeded

the gross receipts from each of its other activities.

Construction businesses with no payroll during 1992

(nonemployers) were not required to file census reports.

Tabulation of data for these businesses are based on

administrative records and are shown only in U.S. summary publications and the geographic area reports series.

Refer to the section on ‘‘Sample Design’’ for details.

Foreign construction activities were not included in this

census.

SAMPLE DESIGN, ESTIMATION PROCEDURES,

AND RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES

The companies included in the 1992 Census of Construction Industries were identified as part of an operation

common to all 1992 Economic Censuses. Construction

companies were divided into employers (companies with

payroll) and nonemployers (companies without payroll).

Statistical information for the employers was obtained in

the census by a survey which included all medium size and

large employers and a sample of the smaller ones. Census

reports were not required from the nonemployers. Statistics on nonemployers were obtained from administrative

records of other agencies of the Federal Government.

Employer Companies

Developing the sampling frame for employer companies. This operation started with obtaining a list of all

construction companies in the active records of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) which were subject to payment

of Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) taxes. The

basic source for this list has been the Internal Revenue

Service Business Master File, a comprehensive list of

companies engaged in business activities in the United

States. The file contains the name, address, and form of

ownership of each company and also indicates whether or

not the company is subject to the FICA. Each company in

this file is assigned a unique employer identification (EI)

number which it uses in filing its various reports with the

IRS. The Social Security Administration (SSA) maintains a

similar list using the same identification numbers, which

also contains information on the industrial classification of

each company. The Bureau of the Census obtained both of

these lists and combined them.

Under special arrangements which safeguarded the

confidentiality of the information, the Bureau also obtained

administrative-record data on payrolls and receipts and

added these data to the combined list. The list, thus

created from the IRS-SSA information, was a list of employer

companies. However, for the 1992 Economic Census the

basic reporting unit is the ‘‘establishment.’’ Therefore,

steps were taken to identify the individual establishments

of those companies which operate more than one place of

business. The information for making this determination

was obtained by means of the Company Organization

Survey (COS), an annual canvass of all known multiestablishment companies and large single-establishment companies. Thus, the 1992 Economic Census list for singleestablishment employer companies was obtained from the

IRS-SSA, but the list of establishments of multiestablishment employer companies was obtained directly from

those companies in the COS. Refer to the section on

‘‘Establishment Basis for Reporting’’ for details.

In general, the IRS-SSA list provided sufficient industrial

classification data to assign a company to the proper

economic census, but there were a number of companies

for which this information was inadequate or unavailable. A

special form, NC-9923, General Schedule, was mailed to

all such companies, requesting information on the nature

of the company’s activities. From the information reported,

the company was given an industrial classification code

and assigned to the appropriate economic census. Since

construction companies found in this way were identified

only after the regular census mailing had taken place, they

were treated as a supplement to the basic list.

Selecting the employer sample. The sample was designed

to provide reliable State and metropolitan area estimates

for each construction industry. It consisted of all construction establishments in multiestablishment companies, all

single-establishment companies with 1991 administrative

payroll of $480,000 or more and a probability sample of

single-establishment companies with payroll under that

amount. Supplementing the sample were construction

companies identified from the NC-9923, General Schedule. Also affecting the sample were the misclassified

companies; i.e., companies included in the samples of

other trade areas which reported they were construction

companies and companies originally classified in construction which reported they were not construction companies.

Of the 547,000 single-establishment employer companies initially classified as construction companies, 158,000

were included in the sample. All of the 11,000 establishments of multiestablishment companies were included in

VI CENSUS OF CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 3 SESS: 56 OUTPUT: Tue Apr 4 09:52:56 1995 / pssw01/ disk2/ economic/ cc92i/ 00/ 07intro

the sample. There was a net increase in the sample of

48,000 establishments resulting from establishments originally unclassified (receiving the NC-9923) or misclassified.

The probability sample of the smaller single-establishment

companies was a stratified random sample. Strata were

formed from all establishments with the same initial fourdigit SIC code, in the same State, in the same metropolitan

area, or in the balance of the State, and in the same size

class based on estimated total employment. If the fourdigit SIC code for an establishment was incomplete, the

establishment was placed in a stratum for miscellaneous

companies. Because they were small, all companies were

included in the sample for the following three industries:

SIC 1622, Bridge, Tunnel, and Elevated Highway Construction Contractors; SIC 1795, Wrecking and Demolition Work

Special Trade Contractors; and SIC 1796, Installation or

Erection of Building Equipment Special Trade Contractors.

Estimation procedures for 1992 and 1987 data. Since

all larger employer companies and some smaller ones

were included in the census, sample estimation was

required only for the universe of companies not selected

with certainty. The published statistics are the totals of the

estimates for the sampled companies and the aggregates

for the certainty companies. All estimates for 1992 and

1987 published here are simple unbiased estimates of the

form:

n

c

x’

c = Σ xi

/ pi

i =1

where: x’

c is the simple unbiased estimate of a characteristic for a publication cell.

x

i is the reported value of a characteristic for

an individual establishment in the publication cell.

p

i is the selection probability of that firm.

n

c is the number of firms in the sample for the

cell.

Data for certain characteristics were reported as a

percentage of the dollar value of business done. Before

this formula was applied to those characteristics, it was

necessary to convert the reported percentages into dollars.

Reliability of employer statistics. Since the estimates

for employer establishments in these reports are based on

the samples, they are subject to sampling variability and

may be expected to differ from results which would have

been obtained if a complete census had been taken using

the same forms and procedures. The sampling errors

shown in the tables were estimated directly from the

sample reports, using methods appropriate for the sample

design and form of estimation used. The relative standard

error is a measure of sampling variability; i.e., the variation

that might occur by chance because only a sample of the

population is surveyed. As calculated for this report, the

relative standard error also partially reflects the effect of

random errors of response and processing, but it does not

take into account the effect of any consistent biases due to

those types of errors. The chances are about 68 out of 100

that an estimate from the sample would differ from a

complete census by less than the relative standard error.

The chances are about 95 out of 100 that the difference is

less than twice the relative standard error and about 99 out

of 100 that it is less than 2-1/ 2 times the relative standard

error. Individual estimates with large relative standard

errors have been shown in the published tables. Any such

estimates should be used with caution. The very large

relative standard errors generally occur for the smaller

estimates.

Relative standard errors have been calculated for all of

the published statistics, although they are shown for each

statistic only in the tables presenting detailed statistics.

Other tables show relative standard errors only for certain

characteristics because of lack of space.

As calculated for this report, the relative standard error

measures certain nonsampling errors, but does not measure any systematic biases in the data. Bias is the difference, averaged over all possible samples with the same

size and design, between the estimates and the true value

being estimated. Nonsampling errors can be attributed to

many sources: inability to obtain information about all

cases in the sample; definitional difficulties; differences in

interpretation of questions; inability or unwillingness of

respondents to provide correct information; and errors

made in processing the data. Although no direct measurements of the biases have been obtained, it is believed that

most of the important response and operational errors

were detected in the course of reviewing the data for

reasonableness and consistency.

A potential source of bias is in the imputation for those

establishments that have not responded by the time of

final publication. Data were estimated for establishments

that did not report by that date, although selected establishments were contacted again to obtain as much information on the telephone as possible. Some publication

cells in which more than 40 percent of the data were not

reported have been suppressed.

Nonemployer Companies

As described earlier, the information derived from the

business income tax returns of all companies was matched

to the census employer file on the basis of common

identification numbers. Those business income tax returns

which could not be matched were further classified on the

basis of several characteristics. Returns with characteristics consistent with companies without payroll were treated

as nonemployers. The nonemployer construction companies were not required to file census reports.

For ‘‘number of establishments,’’ each separate income

tax return was assumed to be an establishment. ‘‘All

business receipts’’ was based on receipts information

reported on the tax return.

CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES CENSUS OF CONSTRUCTION VII
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 4 SESS: 56 OUTPUT: Tue Apr 4 09:52:56 1995 / pssw01/ disk2/ economic/ cc92i/ 00/ 07intro

Since no sampling was involved in the nonemployer

establishments, the statistics for nonemployers are not

subject to sampling variability. However, these data are

subject to an unknown amount of reporting and processing

errors which could not be detected by the Census Bureau.

CENSUS REPORT FORMS

Information for the 1992 Census of Construction Industries was obtained from employer establishments primarily

through the use of 22 questionnaires, determined by

industry classification and size. Standard forms and short

forms were developed for each of the following SIC

groups: 15, 16, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, and

179. Establishments with 1991 administrative payroll of

$1,080,000 or more all received the standard form. For

those sample establishments with payroll under that amount,

half received the standard form and half received the short

form. The short forms covered only major items and

omitted some of the detail found in the longer forms.

In reviewing and developing the questionnaires,

comments and recommendations were elicited from

construction trade associations and advisory groups.

Also, approximately 6,000 establishments in SIC’s 1521,

1629, and 1799 were surveyed in the Census of Construction Industries 1989 Pretest. This survey consisted of four

panels which received one of four experimental questionnaries and one panel which received the control questionnaire. Along with the questionnaire, these establishments

received an evaluation questionnaire, which requested

information about respondents’ reactions to the questionnaire, problems in completing the questionnaire, and how

long it took to complete the questionnaire. Results from

the 1989 Pretest questionnaire are reflected as reworded

questions, improved instructions, and restructured value of

business questions in the 1992 questionnaires.

DATA PROCESSING

The 1992 census report forms were mailed out in

December 1992. They were mailed from and returned to

the Census Bureau’s Data Preparation Division in Jeffersonville, IN, where routine editing and coding of the report

forms were also accomplished. Collection of these report

forms was essentially completed in July 1993.

The returned reports underwent extensive processing.

A preliminary edit done at the time of data entry identified

obviously deficient reports and reports needing clarification. When necessary, these problems were resolved by

further contact with the respondents. Next, the data were

transmitted to Census Bureau headquarters near Washington, DC.

Data records, then, underwent a detailed computer

review and analysis. The records containing significant

problems were referred for further analytical review and, if

necessary, contacts were made with the respondents. The

computer performed most classification coding (such as

industry coding, geographic coding, and size coding), and

imputation for missing items or for reports not received in

time for tabulation. The imputation was performed on an

industry (or industry group) and State (or geographic

group) basis using all available response and administrative data.

The data records were then tabulated on an industry

basis. Industry totals were subjected to analytical review,

and selected statistics were prepared for the preliminary

reports. Corrections resulting from this review were made

to the computer records and final tabulations were produced.

The review of a preliminary report for an industry often

uncovered the need for corrections or revisions to the data

for another industry for which a preliminary report had

already been published. The final reports incorporate all

revisions and corrections made during the review of the

preliminary reports and contain considerable more data

than were published in those reports.

GEOGRAPHIC CLASSIFICATION

Information for the 1992 Census of Construction Industries’

final industry report series is classified on the basis of two

types of geographic distributions: (1) physical location of

the establishment, and (2) location of construction work. A

separate code was assigned on each basis allowing us to

present data by both physical location of the establishment

and location of construction work.

The geographic area reports series presents similar

data by industry for each State (physical location of the

establishment) and for selected MSA’s, CMSA’s and PMSA’s.

CHANGE IN COLLECTION METHODOLOGY FOR

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK DONE

In 1987 and 1992, the ‘‘value of construction work’’ was

collected to better measure actual construction activity

done during the year. In 1992, this item was collected as a

total of three separate items. These items ( receipts from

construction contract work, value of speculative construction work, and value of construction work done for own

use) were collected separately to emphasize construction

activity that had been poorly reported in previous censuses.

Receipts from the sale of land were not collected

separately in 1992, as in 1987, but are still excluded from

the value of construction work done.

All dollar values are shown in current dollars for the

years specified and have not been adjusted for inflation.

DUPLICATION IN VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION

WORK

The aggregate of value of construction work reported by

all construction establishments in each of the several

industry, geographic area, or other groupings in this census contains varying amounts of duplication, since the

construction work of one firm may be subcontracted to

VIII CENSUS OF CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 5 SESS: 56 OUTPUT: Tue Apr 4 09:52:56 1995 / pssw01/ disk2/ economic/ cc92i/ 00/ 07intro

other construction firms and may also be included in the

subcontractors’ value of construction work. To avoid this

duplication, a ‘‘net’’ value of construction work figure has

been derived for each establishment by subtracting the

costs for construction work subcontracted to others from

the value of construction work.

Duplication in value of business between other construction and nonconstruction industries results from the use of

products of these other industries as input materials by

construction establishments. ‘‘Value added’’ avoids this

duplication and is, for most purposes, the best measure for

comparing the relative economic importance of industries

or areas. ‘‘Value added’’ is defined in the 1992 Census of

Construction Industries as equal to dollar value of business

done less costs for construction work subcontracted to

others and payments for materials, components, supplies,

and fuels.

SPECIAL TABULATIONS

Special tabulations of data collected in the 1992 Census

of Construction Industries may be obtained on computer

tape or in tabular form. The data will be in summary form

and subject to the same rules prohibiting disclosure of

confidential information (including name, address, kind of

business, or other data for individual business establishments or companies) as are the regular publications.

Special tabulations are prepared on a cost basis. A

request for a cost estimate, as well as exact and detailed

specifications of the type and format of the data to be

provided, should be directed to the Chief, Manufacturing

and Construction Division, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233.

To discuss a special tabulation before submitting specifications, call 301-457-4680.

COMPARABILITY OF CENSUS OF

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES DATA WITH

OTHER DATA

Data contained in the reports of the 1992 Census of

Construction Industries are not the same as the data

published in the Census Bureau’s monthly Construction

Reports, Series C30, Value of New Construction Put in

Place. The main difference is that the C30 series covers all

new construction put in place without regard to who is

performing the construction activity; whereas, the construction census figures cover both new construction and

maintenance and repair work done by establishments

classified in the construction industry. Significant amounts

of construction are done by establishments classified

outside of construction (in real estate, manufacturing,

utilities, and communications, for example), both as ‘‘force

account’’ construction and construction done for others. In

addition, the value in place series includes constructionrelated expenses such as architectural and engineering

costs and the costs of materials supplied by owners which

are normally not reflected in the census of construction

industries.

Data contained in the reports of the census of construction industries may also differ from industry data in ‘‘Employment and Earnings Statistics,’’ published by the Bureau of

Labor Statistics and ‘‘Statistics of Income,’’ published by

the Internal Revenue Service. These differences arise

from varying definitions of scope, coverage, timing, classification, and methodology.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used in

this publication:

* Sampling error exceeds 40 percent.

** Represents the sum of all employees during

pay periods including 12th of March, May,

August, and November, divided by 4.

- Represents zero.

† Represents value of construction work less

costs for construction work subcontracted to

others. (See Duplication in Value of Construction Work.)

†† Represents dollar value of business done less

costs for construction work subcontracted to

others and costs for materials, components,

supplies, and fuels. In 1987, for SIC 1531, land

receipts were collected as a component of

dollar value of business and, therefore, were

subtracted from this value. (See Duplication in

Value of Construction Work.)

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual

companies; data are included in higher level

totals.

(NA) Not available.

(S) Withheld because estimate did not meet publication standards on the basis of either the

response rate, associated relative standard

error, or a consistency review.

(X) Not applicable.

(Z) Less than half of the unit shown.

n.s.k. Not specified by kind.

CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES CENSUS OF CONSTRUCTION IX
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 1 SESS: 33 OUTPUT: Tue Apr 4 08:18:05 1995 / pssw01/ disk2/ economic/ cc92i/ 00/ 07txtgui1

Users’ Guide for Locating Statistics in This Report

by Table Number

Statistics For the

United States By State

By

employment

size

By

size class of dollar value of business done

By type, class,

kind of business,

and location of

construction1

By

specialization

in types of

construction

Assets and depreciation (gross book value):

Beginning of year—buildings, machinery, and

equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

End of year—total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 3 1 5 6

End of year—buildings, machinery, and equipment . . . 3

Depreciation charges during year—

buildings, machinery, and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Capital expenditures:

Total capital expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 3 1 5 6

New buildings—machinery and equipment. . . . . . . . . . 3

Used buildings—machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . 3

Communication services, costs for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Employees:

All employees—average number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Construction workers—average number . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 9 1, 9

Construction workers—quarterly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 9 9

Other employees—average number. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Other employees—quarterly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Establishments—number in business during year . . . . . . 1, 2, 4, 8, 9 1, 9 5 6 8

Fringe benefits—legally required and voluntary

expenditures .................................. 2

Inventories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Materials, components, supplies, and fuels—costs for . . 1, 2 1 5 6

Ownership—private or government owned . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Payroll:

First-quarter, all employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Annual:

All employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Construction workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2 1

Other employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Power, fuels, and lubricants—costs for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Proprietors and working partners. . . . . . . . . . ......... 2

Ratios, selected industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 13

Receipts and value:

Dollar value of business done, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 11 5 6 11

Value of construction work, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 10 1, 10 5 6 7, 10 8

For work subcontracted in from others . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2

Other business receipts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Net value of construction work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Value added. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Rental costs:

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2 1 5 6

For machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

For buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Repairs to buildings and other structures . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Repairs to machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Subcontract work to others, costs for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Note: Data for 1987 and earlier years are also available in some of these tables.

1

Type—buildings, roads, etc. Class—new construction; additions, alterations, or reconstruction; or maintenance and repair work.

X USERS’ GUIDE CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES
TIPS UPF [MCD_CMCB,TD_KLING] 7/ 17/ 95 09:42:04 EPCV20 TLP:TD_K_FINAL.TLP;30 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:32 DATA:TD_K_T1.DAT;32 7/ 17/ 95 09:38:27 UPF:CON_CENPROD:[CEN.DATA]TD_K_I PAGE: 1

TSF:TIPS92-09413316.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:38 UTF:TIPS93-09413316.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:38 META:TIPS96-09413316.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:59

Contents

Bridge, Tunnel, and Elevated

Highway Construction Contractors

[Page numbers listed here omit the prefix that

appears as part of the number of each page]

Page

Introduction to the Economic Census III ...............................................

Census of Construction V ...........................................................

Users’ Guide for Locating Statistics in This Report by Table Number X ..................

Summary of Findings ............................................................. 2

FIGURES

1. Value of Construction Work by Type of Construction 3 ............................

2. Selected Costs per Dollar Value of Business Done 3 .............................

TABLES

Statistics for Establishments With Payroll

1. General Statistics by State: 1992 and 1987 4 ...................................

2. Detailed Statistics: 1992 and Earlier Census Years 6 .............................

3. Assets, Capital Expenditures, and Depreciation: 1992 and 1987 7 .................

4. Value of Inventories: 1992 and 1991 7 .........................................

5. Selected Statistics by Employment Size Class: 1992 and 1987 8 ..................

6. Selected Statistics by Size Class of the Dollar Value of Business Done: 1992 and

1987 ...................................................................... 8

7. Value of Construction Work by Type of Construction: 1992 and 1987 9 ............

8. Selected Statistics by Specialization in Types of Construction: 1992 10 .............

9. Quarterly Construction Worker Employment by State: 1992 11 .....................

10. Value of Construction Work by Location of Construction Work: 1992 and 1987 12 ...

11. Dollar Value of Business Done by Kind-of-Business Activity: 1992 and 1987 13 ......

12. Selected Industry Ratios: 1992 and 1987 14 .....................................

13. Selected Industry Ratios by State: 1992 15 ......................................

Statistics for Establishments Without Payroll appear in the U.S. Industry

Summary Report.

APPENDIXES

A. Explanation of Terms A–1 ........................................................

B. Standard Industrial Classification Titles for Industry Groups and Industries B–1 ........

C. Geographic Divisions and States C–1 ..............................................

Publication Program Inside back cover ...................................................

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES BRIDGE, TUNNEL AND ELEVATED HIGHWAYSnn7–1
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 1 SESS: 20 OUTPUT: Wed Jul 5 09:35:28 1995 / pssw02/ disk2/ economic/ cc92i/ 07/ 07txtsum

Summary of Findings

Establishments classified in this industry are primarily

engaged in the construction of bridges; viaducts; elevated

highways; and highway, pedestrian, and railway tunnels.

General contractors primarily engaged in subway construction are classified in Industry 1629, Heavy Construction

Contractors,Not Elsewhere Classified.For additional examples,

refer to the Standard Industrial Classification Manual:

19871 (SIC) published by the Office of Management and

Budget, Executive Office of the President.

During 1992, the establishments with paid employees

classified in this industry accounted for $7.3 billion in total

dollar value of business. Of this amount, $7.2 billion were

for the value of construction work. These establishments

paid out $2.2 billion for materials, components, and supplies and $1.9 billion for construction work subcontracted

to others. Costs for selected power, fuels, and lubricants

for the industry were $108 million. Value added for 1992

was $3.1 billion.

There were 1,041 establishments with total employment

averaging 43,701 during the year. Total payroll for 1992

was $1.5 billion.

Larger establishments with 20 employees or more,

while representing only 47 percent of the total number of

employer establishments in this industry, accounted for 90

percent of all business done.

A ‘‘construction establishment’’ is defined as a relatively

permanent office, or other place of business, where the

usual business activities related to construction are conducted. A separate census report was required from each

sampled establishment covering domestic operations. Separate reports were not, however, required for each project or

construction site.

For 1987 and earlier censuses, receipts from the sale of

land were collected separately for general contractors and

operative builders. These receipts were included in the

total dollar value of business done but excluded from the

value of construction work done. For 1992, receipts from

the sale of land were not collected separately but are still

excluded from the value of construction work done. All

dollar values are shown in current dollars for the years

specified and have not been adjusted for inflation.

The data in this report are estimated from a sample

survey and are subject to sampling variability as well as

errors of response and nonreporting. The relative standard

error shown in the tables is a measure of sampling

variability. Descriptions of the sampling, estimating procedures, and data reliability are included in the introduction.

1

Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,

DC 20402. Stock No 041-001-00314-2.

7–2 BRIDGE, TUNNEL, AND ELEVATED HIGHWAYS CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES
Figure 2. Selected Costs per Dollar Value of Business Done

(Percent)

1992

1987

CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES BRIDGE, TUNNEL, AND, ELEVATED HIGHWAYS 7-3

Figure 1. Value of Construction Work by Type of Construction

(Percent)

1992

1987

Payroll, all employees

 Materials, components, and supplies

 Construction work subcontracted

 out to others

 Rental costs for machinery,

 equipment, and buildings

Selected purchased services:

 Communications, repairs to buildings,

 machinery, and equipment

Selected power, fuels, and lubricants

72.4

9.2

7.1

1.7

2.1

Highways, streets, and related work such

 as installation of guard rails, highway

 signs, lighting, etc.

Sewage treatment and water

treatment plants

Bridges and elevated highways

Sewers, water mains, and related facilities

20.4

21.4

30.4

31.7

25.8

23.2

1.5

1.6

2.5

2.3

1.9

2.2

Tunnels

71.8

11.7

8.4

1.8

1.4
TIPS UPF [MCD_CMCB,TD_KLING] 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:16 EPCV20 TLP:TD_K_INDTAB.TLP;63 7/ 17/ 95 09:39:27 DATA:TD_K_T1.DAT;32 7/ 17/ 95 09:38:27 UPF:CON_CENPROD:[CEN.DATA]TD_K_T PAGE: 1

TSF:TIPS92-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:40:14 UTF:TIPS93-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:40:14 META:TIPS96-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:01

Table 1. General Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by State: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Location of establishment

1992

Employees** Payroll

Number of

establish- ments AllConstruction workersAll employeesConstruction workers

Valueof construction work

Net

valueof construction work†

Value added††

Cost of

materials,

components,

supplies, and fuels

AB C D E FGH I

United States 1 ------------------------ 041 43 701 36 116 1 485 491 1 125 201 7 198 275 5 315 950 3 078 306 2 326 306

Alabama 15 ------------------------------------- 763 632 16 240 12 549 92 482 63 712 27 009 37 057

Alaska 4 --------------------------------------- 118 83 6 048 4 307 25 059 22 873 (D) 14 239

Arizona 1 -------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Arkansas 19 ------------------------------------- 308 255 6 141 4 499 34 353 24 482 14 260 10 557

California 50 ------------------------------------- 2 255 1 809 101 186 79 146 592 300 357 290 186 155 179 593

Colorado 10 ------------------------------------- 358 291 11 614 9 185 73 587 46 677 23 603 (D)

Connecticut 26 ----------------------------------- 1 167 921 43 395 29 437 182 422 142 931 92 845 52 105

Delaware (S) ------------------------------------- *75 52 2 598 1 559 11 913 (D) 5 453 (D)

District of Columbia – --------------------------- – – – – – – ––

Florida 32 --------------------------------------- 1 781 1 476 45 063 32 005 312 602 205 848 79 328 128 381

Georgia 27 -------------------------------------- 1 002 802 22 065 15 706 110 442 85 024 53 428 31 612

Hawaii 2 --------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Idaho 4 ---------------------------------------- 100 81 2 877 2 252 12 181 10 544 5 796 4 919

Illinois 52 ---------------------------------------- 3 062 2 594 128 128 100 380 552 142 414 404 283 334 132 490

Indiana 32 --------------------------------------- 2 252 1 852 92 367 72 229 354 663 288 560 136 836 155 333

Iowa 28 ----------------------------------------- 794 673 18 554 14 493 73 159 61 951 24 399 41 783

Kansas 18 --------------------------------------- 918 805 23 629 19 039 106 140 81 227 41 804 43 811

Kentucky 24 ------------------------------------- 714 607 22 027 17 315 108 917 84 639 43 330 42 208

Louisiana 12 ------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Maine 3 ---------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Maryland 22 ------------------------------------- 945 807 21 437 16 479 76 689 62 489 38 107 24 803

Massachusetts 32 -------------------------------- 1 557 1 178 69 542 46 639 497 175 324 593 212 732 122 876

Michigan 29 ------------------------------------- 607 495 21 689 16 379 108 551 75 805 42 002 34 130

Minnesota 11 ------------------------------------ 857 722 28 407 21 345 142 610 (D) (D) 56 732

Mississippi 12 ------------------------------------ 978 855 21 395 17 253 119 275 82 485 49 569 (D)

Missouri 38 -------------------------------------- 1 199 980 38 005 28 953 187 041 154 810 90 688 67 243

Montana 5 ------------------------------------- 111 100 (D) 2 314 (D) (D) (D) 5 571

Nebraska 6 ------------------------------------- 63 50 2 054 1 267 14 658 11 490 7 425 4 065

Nevada 1 -------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

New Hampshire 7 ------------------------------- 120 86 3 715 2 575 19 636 12 598 7 687 6 385

New Jersey 24 ----------------------------------- 1 067 846 48 780 35 824 169 713 146 054 94 691 54 835

New Mexico (S) ---------------------------------- 127 118 (D) 2 195 18 551 (D) (D) 7 306

New York 96 ------------------------------------ 4 232 3 462 184 300 137 555 760 910 565 471 387 577 188 183

North Carolina 14 -------------------------------- 599 511 14 097 9 610 71 756 53 013 26 140 26 979

North Dakota 4 --------------------------------- 182 157 5 326 4 263 24 934 19 442 10 798 8 644

Ohio 57 ----------------------------------------- 1 712 1 294 61 359 46 309 278 470 216 309 126 190 93 078

Oklahoma 29 ------------------------------------ 691 607 17 825 14 265 93 399 76 335 40 173 38 067

Oregon 7 -------------------------------------- 253 203 9 502 7 118 57 545 38 059 22 909 (D)

Pennsylvania 66 --------------------------------- 2 935 2 398 86 218 63 739 403 860 300 275 202 207 104 953

Rhode Island 4 --------------------------------- 137 106 (D) 4 371 24 169 18 043 (D) (D)

South Carolina 13 -------------------------------- 440 364 10 917 7 332 49 741 40 952 (D) 21 205

South Dakota 3 --------------------------------- 38 31 (D) 675 3 879 (D) 1 737 (D)

Tennessee 30 ----------------------------------- 1 433 1 262 35 770 27 549 204 114 136 954 64 753 73 366

Texas 56 ---------------------------------------- 1 368 1 136 31 495 23 192 176 393 150 985 84 136 67 169

Utah *9 ----------------------------------------- 137 117 3 564 2 656 21 760 10 710 6 154 4 556

Vermont 13 -------------------------------------- 252 216 5 681 4 129 23 084 17 797 10 990 7 748

Virginia 29 --------------------------------------- 987 836 25 829 19 333 126 648 91 448 49 892 41 620

Washington 23 ----------------------------------- 1 414 1 023 62 914 45 547 235 643 190 397 126 915 67 549

West Virginia 6 --------------------------------- 140 119 5 706 4 571 27 422 21 813 12 018 9 869

Wisconsin 12 ------------------------------------ 1 155 1 007 44 257 36 219 323 954 211 177 112 780 (D)

Wyoming *8 ------------------------------------- 211 172 4 421 3 174 20 359 15 302 8 841 7 087

7–4nnBRIDGE, TUNNEL AND ELEVATED HIGHWAYS CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
TIPS UPF [MCD_CMCB,TD_KLING] 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:16 EPCV20 TLP:TD_K_INDTAB.TLP;63 7/ 17/ 95 09:39:27 DATA:TD_K_T1.DAT;32 7/ 17/ 95 09:38:27 UPF:CON_CENPROD:[CEN.DATA]TD_K_T PAGE: 2

TSF:TIPS92-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:40:14 UTF:TIPS93-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:40:14 META:TIPS96-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:01

Location

of

establishment

1992mCon. 1987

Relative standard

error of estimate

(percent) for

columnm

Cost of construction work subcontracted out to othersValue of construction work subcontracted in from othersRental

cost for machinery,

equipment,

and buildings

Capital

expenditures, other than land

End-of-year

gross

book value of depreciable assets

All employees**

Value of construction work

Value added††

J K L M N O P Q BGM

1 882 325 874 650 182 852 155 163 1 602 798 47 494 5 480 936 2 430 434 1 1 1 U.S.

28 770 16 386 807 3 845 28 372 530 57 804 22 516 5 3 26 AL

2 186 (D) 757 1 256 11 062 (D) (D) (D) (Z) (Z) (Z) AK

(D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 1 214 130 042 48 277 (D) (D) (D) AZ

9 871 4 263 502 1 467 10 820 356 46 105 15 845 15 13 11 AR

235 010 124 739 21 128 11 658 94 222 1 940 301 677 153 566 2 1 4 CA

26 910 12 742 937 651 14 770 693 108 254 20 984 (Z) (Z) 7 CO

39 491 16 616 9 223 1 452 41 119 1 068 150 625 90 928 2 2 (Z) CT

(D) 824 191 546 4 692 *46 (D) *3 339 40 (D) 31 DE

––––––– – – – – DC

106 754 38 463 12 326 9 338 38 896 853 107 728 33 219 4 2 3 FL

25 417 30 420 888 3 913 36 247 1 212 122 850 54 093 11 6 10 GA

(D) – (D) – (D) – – – (D) (D) – HI

1 637 156 86 (D) 6 082 155 19 087 10 029 (Z) (Z) (D) ID

137 738 30 552 11 897 11 344 132 178 2 393 257 699 111 479 3 8 3 IL

66 103 12 556 6 512 9 750 77 492 1 850 241 116 108 457 (Z) (Z) (Z) IN

11 208 7 238 482 4 126 31 919 1 019 112 782 42 378 5 5 20 IA

24 914 19 259 1 793 2 684 38 955 1 040 103 921 46 431 4 6 5 KS

24 278 14 797 1 916 3 024 30 044 821 88 839 29 498 1 (Z) 3 KY

5 137 (D) 4 714 3 485 59 300 702 64 330 25 513 (D) (D) 21 LA

(D) 184 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) ME

14 200 2 323 1 806 1 635 30 542 850 98 568 45 631 2 3 1 MD

172 582 13 506 7 223 6 897 55 210 514 60 456 29 143 3 1 5 MA

32 746 15 509 1 164 3 606 32 015 675 112 063 39 162 5 2 6 MI

(D) 2 743 6 615 2 235 34 107 1 413 154 728 77 980 (Z) (D) 8 MN

36 790 16 919 2 933 3 441 35 127 973 102 676 40 007 (Z) (Z) (Z) MS

32 231 23 941 4 066 4 562 50 169 1 457 140 984 52 901 4 16 6 MO

1 015 3 021 232 418 4 126 112 7 460 4 929 (Z) (D) (Z) MT

3 168 1 659 109 385 5 032 292 24 245 10 205 (Z) (Z) (Z) NE

– (D) – (D) (D) (D) 9 647 5 330 (D) (D) (D) NV

7 038 2 587 599 215 6 536 130 15 740 8 174 18 15 (Z) NH

23 659 12 518 6 315 1 873 37 980 1 581 213 386 123 530 1 1 8 NJ

(D) *4 075 – 62 2 693 513 (D) 25 315 22 (D) 18 NM

195 440 49 209 21 846 11 569 145 104 3 583 323 040 176 688 1 2 4 NY

18 743 22 375 3 647 2 521 18 246 1 694 144 088 44 494 (Z) (Z) (Z) NC

5 492 (D) (D) 499 6 957 218 21 090 9 765 (Z) (Z) (Z) ND

62 160 44 013 4 309 9 219 50 896 1 660 203 375 94 500 2 2 7 OH

17 064 16 766 2 799 1 828 30 683 649 62 085 34 913 7 6 8 OK

19 486 2 250 3 400 1 576 5 830 421 55 915 22 370 (Z) (Z) 12 OR

103 585 92 672 11 709 5 705 107 236 3 425 461 661 232 990 5 3 3 PA

6 126 4 809 1 143 652 4 307 87 16 094 7 264 (Z) (Z) (Z) RI

8 789 23 931 1 513 1 030 13 086 825 102 591 31 931 4 4 25 SC

(D) (D) (D) 47 822 (D) (D) (D) (Z) (D) (Z) SD

67 160 28 049 2 408 4 702 45 864 1 230 114 007 53 398 4 4 6 TN

25 409 50 843 5 907 5 554 40 775 3 950 400 159 194 806 7 5 10 TX

11 050 6 127 517 660 5 974 (D) (D) 5 057 19 20 16 UT

5 287 3 518 148 704 11 069 305 30 722 16 245 17 12 (Z) VT

35 200 18 671 5 297 1 089 26 413 2 440 278 343 84 944 7 6 14 VA

45 245 13 515 6 763 4 344 52 021 827 126 006 49 229 1 1 (Z) WA

5 609 (S) 601 376 10 513 290 31 295 15 174 (Z) (Z) (Z) WV

112 777 22 867 3 637 6 757 55 340 977 148 661 61 930 (Z) (Z) 1 WI

5 057 3 537 506 1 109 *9 848 (D) (D) (D) 22 19 39 WY

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES BRIDGE, TUNNEL AND ELEVATED HIGHWAYSnn7–5
TIPS UPF [MCD_CMCB,TD_KLING] 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:16 EPCV20 TLP:TD_K_INDTAB.TLP;63 7/ 17/ 95 09:39:27 DATA:TD_K_T1.DAT;32 7/ 17/ 95 09:38:27 UPF:CON_CENPROD:[CEN.DATA]TD_K_T PAGE: 3

TSF:TIPS92-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:40:14 UTF:TIPS93-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:40:14 META:TIPS96-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:01

Table 2. Detailed Statistics for Establishments With Payroll: 1992 and Earlier Census Years

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Item

Relative standard error of

estimate (percent)

1992 1987 1982 1977 1992 1987 1982 1977

Number of establishments in business during year 1 -------------------------------------------------- 041 1 159 999 979 3 3 2 2

Proprietors and working partners ------------------------------------------------------------------ 103 161 162 256 12 15 9 7

All employees** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43 701 47 494 37 581 38 093 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Construction workers:

March -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29 284 33 019 26 749 25 728 1 1 (Z) (Z)

May---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37 483 41 884 33 565 33 852 1 1 (Z) (Z)

August ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41 405 45 462 36 474 38 435 1 1 (Z) (Z)

November ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36 291 40 012 32 703 34 653 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Average ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36 116 40 092 32 473 33 187 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Other employees:

March -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 423 7 255 5 102 4 793 1 1 1 (Z)

May---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 574 7 379 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

August ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 760 7 562 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

November ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 585 7 404 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

Average ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 585 7 402 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

Payroll, all employees ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 485 491 1 191 764 815 514 535 877 (Z) 1 (Z) (Z)

Payroll, construction workers-------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 125 201 909 919 664 873 438 750 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Payroll, other employees ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 360 290 281 844 150 641 97 128 1 1 (Z) (Z)

First-quarter payroll, all employees ---------------------------------------------------------------- 289 139 227 384 157 316 96 496 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Fringe benefits, all employees -------------------------------------------------------------------- 498 795 341 151 154 749 107 594 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Legally required expenditures ------------------------------------------------------------------- 302 296 225 313 115 304 64 721 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Voluntary expenditures ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 196 500 115 838 39 445 42 873 1 1 1 (Z)

Dollar value of business done--------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 286 936 5 579 414 3 549 200 2 270 818 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Value of construction work --------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 198 275 5 480 936 3 503 890 2 247 284 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Value of construction work subcontracted in from others 874 ---------------------------------------- 650 745 097 377 277 300 775 3 3 1 1

Other business receipts ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 88 662 98 477 45 310 23 534 1 1 (Z) 1

Net value of construction work†------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 315 950 4 186 846 2 812 186 1 827 239 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Value added†† ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 078 306 2 430 434 1 468 448 962 687 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Selected costs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 208 630 3 148 979 2 080 752 1 308 131 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Materials, components, and supplies ------------------------------------------------------------ 2 218 403 1 767 054 1 319 225 846 600 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Construction work subcontracted out to others 1 --------------------------------------------------- 882 325 1 294 090 691 704 420 045 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Selected power, fuels, and lubricants ------------------------------------------------------------ 107 903 87 835 69 822 41 487 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Electricity ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 040 12 623 8 964 3 281 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Natural and manufactured gas ---------------------------------------------------------------- 4 570 2 711 2 543 5 929 2 1 1 (Z)

Gasoline and diesel fuel---------------------------------------------------------------------- 77 602 65 599 52 429 28 249 1 1 1 (Z)

On highway use --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38 903 31 998 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

Off highway use --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38 699 33 600 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

Other, including lubricating oils and greases 7 ---------------------------------------------------- 691 6 901 5 885 4 029 2 1 1 1

Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings 182 ------------------------------------------------ 852 129 896 79 216 62 763 2 2 1 1 For machinery and equipment ------------------------------------------------------------------ 158 897 118 516 71 952 59 428 2 2 1 1 For buildings ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 955 11 380 7 263 3 336 2 2 1 (Z)

Selected purchased services --------------------------------------------------------------------- 135 848 121 319 80 717 50 732 2 1 1 (Z)

Communication services------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 929 12 750 9 678 5 132 2 1 1 1 Repairs to buildings and other structures--------------------------------------------------------- 5 010 3 950 2 381 2 168 6 1 2 1 Repairs to machinery and equipment ------------------------------------------------------------ 111 909 104 618 68 657 43 432 2 1 (Z) (Z)

Ownership of construction projects: Value of construction work --------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 198 275 5 480 936 3 503 890 2 247 284 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Government owned-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 604 244 4 803 659 3 011 288 1 904 579 1 1 (Z) (Z) Federal----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 840 864 1 100 377 (NA) (NA) 2 1 (NA) (NA)

State and local ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 763 380 3 703 281 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

Privately owned ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 594 030 677 277 492 601 342 705 2 2 1 (Z)

7–6nnBRIDGE, TUNNEL AND ELEVATED HIGHWAYS CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
TIPS UPF [MCD_CMCB,TD_KLING] 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:16 EPCV20 TLP:TD_K_INDTAB.TLP;63 7/ 17/ 95 09:39:27 DATA:TD_K_T1.DAT;32 7/ 17/ 95 09:38:27 UPF:CON_CENPROD:[CEN.DATA]TD_K_T PAGE: 4

TSF:TIPS92-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:40:14 UTF:TIPS93-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:40:14 META:TIPS96-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:01

Table 3. Assets, Capital Expenditures, and Depreciation for Establishments With Payroll:

1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Item

Relative standard error of estimate

(percent)

1992 1987 1992 1987

BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES, MACHINERY, AND EQUIPMENT

Beginning-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 1 -------------------------------------------- 528 591 1 210 909 1 1 Capital expenditures, other than land ------------------------------------------------------------ 155 163 151 743 1 2 New ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 115 302 107 836 2 2 Used --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39 861 43 907 2 4 Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets 80 ------------------------------------------------- 956 61 476 2 5

End-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 1 ------------------------------------------------- 602 798 1 301 176 1 1

Depreciation charges during year ------------------------------------------------------------------ 151 083 128 527 1 1

Buildings and Other Structures, Additions, and Related Facilities

Beginning-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 90 -------------------------------------------- 430 102 438 2 4

Capital expenditures, other than land ------------------------------------------------------------ 3 694 12 035 6 6

New buildings and other structures ------------------------------------------------------------ 2 602 9 174 4 7

Used buildings and other structures------------------------------------------------------------ 1 092 2 861 18 12

Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets *2 ------------------------------------------------- 835 642 43 16

End-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 91 ------------------------------------------------- 289 113 831 1 4

Depreciation charges during year ------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 961 9 216 2 6

Machinery and Equipment

Beginning-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 1 -------------------------------------------- 438 161 1 108 471 1 1

Capital expenditures, other than land ------------------------------------------------------------ 151 468 139 707 1 2

New machinery and equipment, including automobiles and trucks 112 --------------------------------- 700 98 661 2 1

New automobiles and trucks, intended primarily for highway use 28 -------------------------------- 490 25 293 3 2

Used machinery and equipment, including automobiles and trucks 38 -------------------------------- 769 41 045 2 4

Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets 78 ------------------------------------------------- 121 60 834 1 5

End-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 1 ------------------------------------------------- 511 509 1 187 344 1 1

Depreciation charges during year ------------------------------------------------------------------ 145 122 119 311 1 1

Table 4. Value of Inventories for Establishments With Payroll: 1992 and 1991

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Item Establishments with payroll

Relative standard error

of estimate (percent)

All establishments:

Number--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 041 3

Value of construction work---------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 198 275 1

Establishments with inventories:

Number--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 320 4

Value of construction work---------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 412 162 1

Inventories1:

End of 1992, materials and supplies ----------------------------------------------------------- 27 928 4

End of 1991, materials and supplies ----------------------------------------------------------- 30 736 2

Establishments with no inventories:

Number--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 507 4

Value of construction work---------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 809 444 1

Establishments not reporting:

Number--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 213 5

Value of construction work---------------------------------------------------------------------- 976 668 1

1Inventories at cost or market prior to any adjustment to correct to LIFO values.

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES BRIDGE, TUNNEL AND ELEVATED HIGHWAYSnn7–7
TIPS UPF [MCD_CMCB,TD_KLING] 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:16 EPCV20 TLP:TD_K_INDTAB.TLP;63 7/ 17/ 95 09:39:27 DATA:TD_K_T1.DAT;32 7/ 17/ 95 09:38:27 UPF:CON_CENPROD:[CEN.DATA]TD_K_T PAGE: 5

TSF:TIPS92-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:40:14 UTF:TIPS93-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:40:14 META:TIPS96-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:01

Table 5. Selected Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by Employment Size Class:

1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Selected statistics

Establishments with an average ofm

Total

1 to 4

employees

5 to 9

employees

10 to 19

employees

20 to 49

employees

50 to 99

employees

100 to 249

employees

250 to 499

employees

500 to 999

employees

1,000

employees

or more

1992

Number of establishments 1 -------------------------- 041 158 164 232 262 133 68 17 4 2

All employees** 43 ----------------------------------- 701 380 1 094 3 198 8 497 9 219 10 495 5 527 5 293 (D)

Payroll, all employees 1 ------------------------------ 485 491 10 379 34 455 94 051 262 095 299 111 374 045 217 988 193 367 (D)

Dollar value of business done 7 ----------------------- 286 936 62 150 149 533 485 193 1 225 465 1 497 001 1 787 493 1 213 194 866 907 (D)

Value of construction work 7 -------------------------- 198 275 60 875 147 833 479 485 1 212 069 1 480 227 1 759 043 1 202 031 856 713 (D)

Net value of construction work† 5 --------------------- 315 950 51 887 116 855 384 935 940 330 1 099 353 1 281 839 782 596 658 154 (D)

Value added†† 3 ------------------------------------- 078 306 29 379 71 669 230 194 564 673 602 184 788 024 445 917 346 266 (D)

Cost of materials, components, supplies, and fuels 2 ---- 326 306 23 783 46 886 160 450 389 054 513 943 522 265 347 842 322 082 (D)

Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others 1 - 882 325 8 987 30 978 94 549 271 738 380 874 477 204 419 435 198 559 (D)

Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings 182 --- 852 1 700 3 134 11 867 34 185 37 953 33 519 40 485 20 010 (D)

Capital expenditures, other than land 155 ----------------- 163 1 055 3 337 13 220 30 813 35 008 33 599 19 649 18 482 (D)

End-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 1 --- 602 798 27 125 37 570 127 816 318 116 306 944 419 851 178 544 186 832 (D)

1987

All employees** 47 ----------------------------------- 494 490 1 305 3 152 9 105 9 768 11 615 6 129 5 926 –

Value of construction work 5 -------------------------- 480 936 80 216 105 440 311 214 1 012 190 1 195 049 1 467 884 662 080 646 862 –

Value added†† 2 ------------------------------------- 430 434 40 075 60 692 162 045 464 736 536 510 598 293 287 386 280 696 –

1992 RELATIVE STANDARD ERROR OF

ESTIMATE (PERCENT)

All employees** 1 ----------------------------------- 16 9 6 2 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (D)

Net value of construction work† 1 --------------------- 19 8 10 3 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (D)

Capital expenditures, other than land 1 ----------------- 25 18 9 3 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (D)

Note: Underscored data fields include data from adjoining columns which have been withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

Table 6. Selected Statistics by Size Class of the Dollar Value of Business Done for

Establishments With Payroll: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Selected statistics

Establishments with dollar value of business done

Total

Less than

$25,000

$25,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$249,999

$250,000

to

$499,999

$500,000

to

$999,999

$1,000,000

to

$2,499,999

$2,500,000

to

$4,999,999

$5,000,000

to

$9,999,999

$10,000,000

or more

1992

Number of establishments 1 ----------------- 041 (S) 14 23 33 97 143 242 170 144 163

All employees** 43 -------------------------- 701 (S) 25 22 137 453 1 249 4 146 5 094 7 100 25 468 Payroll, all employees 1 --------------------- 485 491 (S) 170 434 2 005 9 702 27 863 108 481 141 763 233 937 961 100 Dollar value of business done 7 -------------- 286 936 (S) 488 1 403 5 229 34 994 103 801 394 467 582 870 1 029 201 5 134 343 Value of construction work 7 ----------------- 198 275 (S) 484 1 399 5 109 34 404 101 723 386 646 575 406 1 016 053 5 076 910 Net value of construction work† 5 ------------ 315 950 (S) 431 (S) 4 784 31 864 89 586 322 928 457 381 801 679 3 606 218

Value added†† 3 ---------------------------- 078 306 (S) 270 (S) 2 984 19 216 59 210 182 323 271 146 461 104 2 081 257 Cost of materials, components, supplies, and

fuels 2 ------------------------------------ 326 306 (S) 165 248 1 920 13 238 32 454 148 427 193 699 353 723 1 582 394 Cost of construction work subcontracted out

to others 1 -------------------------------- 882 325 (S) 53 (S) 325 2 540 12 137 63 717 118 025 214 374 1 470 692 Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and

buildings 182 -------------------------------- 852 (S) 12 72 281 1 146 3 885 10 498 17 728 25 834 123 392 Capital expenditures, other than land 155 -------- 163 (S) 8 (S) (S) 915 4 190 11 279 15 420 27 317 95 854 End-of-year gross book value of depreciable

assets 1 ---------------------------------- 602 798 33 441 338 (S) 18 316 41 222 135 506 184 561 259 341 960 999

1987

All employees** 47 -------------------------- 494 (S) (S) *140 393 977 1 708 4 861 5 707 8 354 25 337

Value of construction work 5 ----------------- 480 936 (S) (S) 3 081 14 694 58 723 120 023 392 836 571 431 942 730 3 376 825

Value added†† 2 ---------------------------- 430 434 (S) (S) 2 138 8 828 35 693 68 266 198 640 281 734 423 046 1 411 842

1992 RELATIVE STANDARD ERROR

OF ESTIMATE (PERCENT)

All employees** 1 -------------------------- (S) 10 38 4 14 11 5 2 1 (Z)

Net value of construction work† 1 ------------ (S) 9 (S) 3 16 10 5 2 4 1

Capital expenditures, other than land 1 -------- (S) (Z) (S) (S) 20 25 10 1 (Z) (Z)

Note: Underscored data fields include data from adjoining columns which have been withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

7–8nnBRIDGE, TUNNEL AND ELEVATED HIGHWAYS CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
TIPS UPF [MCD_CMCB,TD_KLING] 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:16 EPCV20 TLP:TD_K_INDTAB.TLP;63 7/ 17/ 95 09:39:27 DATA:TD_K_T1.DAT;32 7/ 17/ 95 09:38:27 UPF:CON_CENPROD:[CEN.DATA]TD_K_T PAGE: 6

TSF:TIPS92-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:40:14 UTF:TIPS93-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:40:14 META:TIPS96-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:01

Table 7. Value of Construction Work for Establishments With Payroll by Type of

Construction: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Type of construction

Value of construction work

Relative standard error

of estimate (percent) for columnm

Total

New

construction

Additions,

alterations, or

reconstruction

Maintenance

and repair

A B C DABC D

1992

Value of construction work 7 -------------------------------------------- 198 275 4 872 281 1 771 950 554 014 1 1 1 2

Building construction------------------------------------------------------------ 88 456 73 772 9 366 5 318 3 4 6 8

Nonbuilding construction 7 -------------------------------------------------------- 109 789 4 798 508 1 762 584 548 696 1 1 1 2

Highways, streets, and related work such as installation of guard rails, highway

signs, lighting, etc.----------------------------------------------------------- 605 191 373 621 170 878 60 693 1 1 1 3

Bridges, tunnels, and elevated highways 6 ---------------------------------------- 005 289 4 126 291 1 452 536 426 463 1 1 1 2

Tunnels ------------------------------------------------------------------- 839 811 794 175 24 207 21 429 5 5 10 10

Bridges and elevated highways 5 ---------------------------------------------- 165 478 3 332 116 1 428 328 405 034 1 1 1 2

Marine construction----------------------------------------------------------- 48 537 34 376 10 284 3 877 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Conservation and development construction 40 ------------------------------------- 405 19 193 1 466 19 746 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Sewers, water mains, and related facilities 126 -------------------------------------- 824 66 529 51 110 9 185 2 3 1 4

Sewers, sewer lines, septic systems, and related facilities 87 ---------------------- 124 50 414 28 312 8 398 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Water mains and related facilities 39 -------------------------------------------- 700 16 116 22 798 *786 6 11 2 41

Mass transit construction ------------------------------------------------------ 35 642 17 488 11 207 6 947 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Sewage treatment and water treatment plants 97 ----------------------------------- 579 77 490 17 196 2 893 1 (Z) 8 (Z)

Sewage treatment plants 51 ---------------------------------------------------- 874 37 889 12 100 1 885 3 (Z) 11 (Z)

Water treatment plants------------------------------------------------------ 45 705 39 602 5 096 (S) 1 (Z) 3 (S)

Other nonbuilding construction 150 ------------------------------------------------- 323 83 521 47 908 18 894 2 2 1 5

Construction work, n.s.k. -------------------------------------------------------- 30 (NA) (NA) (NA) (Z) (NA) (NA) (NA)

1987

Value of construction work 5 -------------------------------------------- 480 936 3 948 853 1 105 166 371 889 1 1 1 1

Building construction------------------------------------------------------------ 133 195 81 232 45 106 6 856 3 4 3 2

Nonbuilding construction 5 -------------------------------------------------------- 292 714 3 867 621 1 060 059 365 033 1 1 1 2 Highways, streets, and related work such as installation of guard rails, highway

signs, lighting, etc.----------------------------------------------------------- 387 161 267 621 83 705 35 834 1 (Z) 3 1

Bridges, tunnels, and elevated highways 4 ---------------------------------------- 476 501 3 259 359 916 856 300 284 1 1 1 2 Tunnels ------------------------------------------------------------------- 505 987 403 843 77 737 24 407 1 1 1 3 Bridges and elevated highways 3 ---------------------------------------------- 970 513 2 855 516 839 119 275 877 1 1 1 2 Marine construction----------------------------------------------------------- 29 291 20 764 (D) (D) 1 2 (D) (D)

Conservation and development construction 25 ------------------------------------- 624 23 160 2 233 231 1 1 (Z) 39

Sewers, water mains, and related facilities 93 -------------------------------------- 450 72 816 17 436 3 196 2 2 4 3 Sewers, sewer lines, septic systems, and related facilities 52 ---------------------- 406 40 814 9 586 2 004 2 2 2 2 Water mains and related facilities 41 -------------------------------------------- 044 32 001 7 850 1 191 4 4 7 6 Sewage treatment and water treatment plants 113 ----------------------------------- 394 99 144 10 747 3 502 1 1 (Z) 10

Sewage treatment plants 71 ---------------------------------------------------- 097 (D) (D) 2 251 1 (D) (D) 10

Water treatment plants------------------------------------------------------ 42 296 (D) (D) 1 251 (Z) (D) (D) 9

Other nonbuilding construction 167 ------------------------------------------------- 293 124 757 (D) (D) (NA) (NA) (D) (D)

Construction work, n.s.k. -------------------------------------------------------- 55 027 (NA) (NA) (NA) 10 (NA) (NA) (NA)

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES BRIDGE, TUNNEL AND ELEVATED HIGHWAYSnn7–9
TIPS UPF [MCD_CMCB,TD_KLING] 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:16 EPCV20 TLP:TD_K_INDTAB.TLP;63 7/ 17/ 95 09:39:27 DATA:TD_K_T1.DAT;32 7/ 17/ 95 09:38:27 UPF:CON_CENPROD:[CEN.DATA]TD_K_T PAGE: 7

TSF:TIPS92-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:40:14 UTF:TIPS93-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:40:14 META:TIPS96-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:01

Table 8. Selected Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by Specialization in Types of

Construction: 1992

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. This table presents selected statistics for establishments according to degree of specialization in major types of construction

work. If number of establishments or value of construction work for a given type of specialization are relatively insignificant, data may not be shown. In addition, data are not shown in this table

where distribution of the value of construction work by type of construction was not provided in table 7. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms,

see appendix A]

Item

Value of construction work Relative standard error

of estimate

(percent) for

columnm

Number of

establishmentsAll

employees**

Payroll, all

employees

For

all types

For

specialized

type

Net

value of

construction

work†

Value

added††

Cost of

construction

work subcontracted

out to others

A B C D E F G HBDH

All establishments 1 -------------------------------- 041 43 701 1 485 491 7 198 275 5 665 961 5 315 950 3 078 306 1 882 325 1 1 1

Establishments not specializing by type 35 ---------------------- 3 505 145 229 576 146 (NA) 439 557 233 181 136 589 2 1 1 Establishments specializing 51 percent or more 1 --------------- 006 40 197 1 340 262 6 622 128 5 665 961 4 876 393 2 845 125 1 745 735 1 1 1

TUNNELS

All establishments specializing in type 122 ------------- 3 761 148 809 808 517 749 264 624 897 408 481 183 620 3 5 5

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 102 -------------------------------- 2 710 111 994 624 592 624 592 476 291 307 243 148 301 4 6 3

90 to 99 percent specialization *6 ---------------------------- *83 *1 892 *15 312 *13 885 *5 823 *4 405 (S) 52 66 (S)

80 to 89 percent specialization 1 ---------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

70 to 79 percent specialization 8 ---------------------------- 626 22 022 (D) 68 509 85 643 56 836 (D) (Z) (D) (D)

60 to 69 percent specialization 3 ---------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

51 to 59 percent specialization 2 ---------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

BRIDGES AND ELEVATED HIGHWAYS

All establishments specializing in type 884 ------------- 36 436 1 191 453 5 813 611 4 916 697 4 251 495 2 436 644 1 562 116 1 1 (Z)

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 500 -------------------------------- 15 531 482 956 2 423 367 2 423 367 1 786 669 1 021 689 636 698 1 1 1

90 to 99 percent specialization 65 ---------------------------- 4 425 141 297 726 774 679 426 531 049 281 131 195 725 1 2 2

80 to 89 percent specialization 65 ---------------------------- 3 736 128 485 626 902 529 516 474 051 291 805 152 851 1 1 (Z)

70 to 79 percent specialization 97 ---------------------------- 3 613 120 662 582 287 427 389 414 243 238 605 168 045 2 1 1

60 to 69 percent specialization 80 ---------------------------- 4 778 154 454 735 780 464 756 527 629 313 315 208 151 1 1 1

51 to 59 percent specialization 77 ---------------------------- 4 353 163 598 718 501 392 243 517 855 290 098 200 646 4 1 (Z)

7–10nnBRIDGE, TUNNEL AND ELEVATED HIGHWAYS CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
TIPS UPF [MCD_CMCB,TD_KLING] 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:16 EPCV20 TLP:TD_K_INDTAB.TLP;63 7/ 17/ 95 09:39:27 DATA:TD_K_T1.DAT;32 7/ 17/ 95 09:38:27 UPF:CON_CENPROD:[CEN.DATA]TD_K_T PAGE: 8

TSF:TIPS92-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:40:14 UTF:TIPS93-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:40:14 META:TIPS96-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:01

Table 9. Quarterly Construction Worker Employment for Establishments With Payroll by

State: 1992

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Location of establishment

Construction workers1

Relative standard error of estimate (percent) for columnm Number of

establishments

Average

number of

construction

workers

January

to March

April

to June

July

to September

October

to December

A B C D E FABCDE F

United States 1 ----------- 041 36 116 29 284 37 483 41 405 36 291 3 1 1 1 1 1

Alabama 15 ------------------------ 632 553 611 673 692 17 4 5 4 4 5 Alaska 4 -------------------------- 83 96 84 85 66 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) Arizona 1 ------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (Z) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Arkansas 19 ----------------------- 255 202 252 283 283 24 15 17 16 15 14 California 50 ----------------------- 1 809 1 549 1 747 2 001 1 939 11 1 1 1 2 2

Colorado 10 ------------------------ 291 237 295 341 290 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Connecticut 26 --------------------- 921 667 885 1 103 1 028 9 2 2 1 2 2 Delaware (S) ----------------------- 52 34 48 52 75 (S) 29 22 31 29 30

District of Columbia – -------------- –––– –––––– – Florida 32 -------------------------- 1 476 1 420 1 495 1 509 1 480 10 4 5 4 3 4

Georgia 27 ------------------------- 802 758 842 831 777 31 13 12 14 13 12 Hawaii 2 -------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (Z) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Idaho 4 --------------------------- 81 77 84 87 77 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) Illinois 52 -------------------------- 2 594 1 878 2 864 3 157 2 479 10 3 4 3 2 3 Indiana 32 ------------------------- 1 852 1 731 1 961 2 049 1 668 5 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Iowa 28 ---------------------------- 673 492 716 762 723 16 5 8 6 5 5 Kansas 18 ------------------------- 805 700 879 879 765 13 3 3 4 2 3 Kentucky 24 ------------------------ 607 512 594 661 662 31 1 (Z) (Z) (Z) 3 Louisiana 12 ----------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 18 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Maine 3 -------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (Z) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Maryland 22 ------------------------ 807 711 805 879 832 34 3 2 3 3 2 Massachusetts 32 ------------------ 1 178 1 049 1 302 1 202 1 159 10 3 3 3 3 3 Michigan 29 ------------------------ 495 240 508 653 578 20 6 4 11 3 4 Minnesota 11 ----------------------- 722 479 782 930 695 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Mississippi 12 ---------------------- 855 708 868 930 915 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Missouri 38 ------------------------ 980 840 1 094 1 168 818 17 4 3 5 5 5 Montana 5 ------------------------ 100 82 122 92 102 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) Nebraska 6 ----------------------- 50 48 51 44 55 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) Nevada 1 ------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (Z) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

New Hampshire 7 ----------------- 86 58 97 105 82 16 11 6 7 12 19

New Jersey 24 --------------------- 846 688 874 949 871 9 1 1 1 1 2 New Mexico (S) --------------------- 118 124 126 111 110 (S) 19 18 22 15 20 New York 96 ----------------------- 3 462 2 558 3 389 4 214 3 685 11 1 1 2 1 1 North Carolina 14 ------------------- 511 476 540 534 494 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) North Dakota 4 -------------------- 157 52 205 222 147 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Ohio 57 ---------------------------- 1 294 980 1 511 1 597 1 088 10 2 2 2 1 2

Oklahoma 29 ----------------------- 607 593 611 597 626 18 7 6 6 7 9

Oregon 7 ------------------------- 203 215 199 205 194 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Pennsylvania 66 -------------------- 2 398 1 524 2 620 2 941 2 505 6 6 7 4 5 8

Rhode Island 4 -------------------- 106 (D) 115 92 (D) (Z) (Z) (D) (Z) (Z) (D)

South Carolina 13 ------------------ 364 402 369 368 318 21 4 4 4 4 4

South Dakota 3 ------------------- 31 (D) 34 35 (D) (Z) (Z) (D) (Z) (Z) (D)

Tennessee 30 ---------------------- 1 262 1 103 1 212 1 404 1 327 14 4 4 4 4 4

Texas 56 -------------------------- 1 136 1 025 1 132 1 195 1 192 14 7 8 9 7 6

Utah *9 ---------------------------- 117 103 108 120 138 51 19 17 16 15 19

Vermont 13 ------------------------ 216 88 220 300 255 26 17 21 18 15 16

Virginia 29 ------------------------- 836 799 850 883 812 16 7 6 7 7 7

Washington 23 --------------------- 1 023 672 1 026 1 307 1 086 15 1 (Z) (Z) 2 2

West Virginia 6 -------------------- 119 80 115 147 132 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Wisconsin 12 ----------------------- 1 007 511 1 188 1 353 976 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Wyoming *8 ------------------------ 172 98 169 264 159 50 25 27 16 31 23

1Construction workers during pay periods including 12th of March, May, August, and November.

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES BRIDGE, TUNNEL AND ELEVATED HIGHWAYSnn7–11
TIPS UPF [MCD_CMCB,TD_KLING] 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:16 EPCV20 TLP:TD_K_INDTAB.TLP;63 7/ 17/ 95 09:39:27 DATA:TD_K_T1.DAT;32 7/ 17/ 95 09:38:27 UPF:CON_CENPROD:[CEN.DATA]TD_K_T PAGE: 9

TSF:TIPS92-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:40:14 UTF:TIPS93-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:40:14 META:TIPS96-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:01

Table 10. Value of Construction Work for Establishments With Payroll by Location of

Construction Work: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Location of construction work

1992

Relative standard

error of estimate

(percent) for

columnm

Construction work done by

establishments located in

this State

Construction work done by

establishments not located

in this State

Value of

construction

work done in

this State Number

Value of

construction

work Number

Value of

construction

work

1987

value of

construction

work done in

this State

Percent

change

1987

(col F)

to

1992

(col A)

A B C D E F G A CE

United States 7 ----------------------------------------------- 198 275 1 020 5 956 432 468 1 241 843 5 480 936 31.3 1 1 1

Alabama------------------------------------------------------------- 88 300 15 71 440 7 16 860 73 421 20.3 2 3 (Z)

Alaska -------------------------------------------------------------- 24 166 4 (D) 1 (D) (D) (D) (Z) (D) (D)

Arizona-------------------------------------------------------------- 15 964 1 (D) 5 (D) 143 031 –88.8 (Z) (D) (D)

Arkansas ------------------------------------------------------------ 62 624 18 34 058 19 28 566 46 461 34.8 7 13 2

California ------------------------------------------------------------ 658 287 50 580 269 11 78 018 266 677 146.8 1 1 (Z)

Colorado ------------------------------------------------------------ 80 877 10 (D) 6 (D) 88 118 –8.2 (Z) (D) (D)

Connecticut ---------------------------------------------------------- 163 344 26 151 580 10 11 763 104 748 55.9 2 2 1

Delaware ------------------------------------------------------------ 37 059 (S) (D) 9 (D) 14 527 155.1 2 (D) (D)

District of Columbia (D) --------------------------------------------------- – – 6 (D) (D) (D) (D) – (D)

Florida -------------------------------------------------------------- 408 197 32 290 902 13 117 295 170 112 140.0 1 2 2

Georgia ------------------------------------------------------------- 112 829 27 95 981 13 16 848 161 513 –30.1 7 8 1

Hawaii--------------------------------------------------------------- 53 897 2 (D) 3 (D) (D) (D) (Z) (D) (D)

Idaho --------------------------------------------------------------- 11 802 4 (D) 1 (D) 18 956 –37.7 (Z) (D) (D)

Illinois --------------------------------------------------------------- 610 871 52 529 545 17 81 326 245 685 148.6 6 7 11

Indiana -------------------------------------------------------------- 114 536 32 (D) 4 (D) 124 709 –8.2 (Z) (D) (D)

Iowa ---------------------------------------------------------------- 89 570 27 58 563 8 31 007 62 723 42.8 4 6 (Z)

Kansas -------------------------------------------------------------- 83 871 15 75 206 13 8 665 120 689 –30.5 2 (Z) 17

Kentucky ------------------------------------------------------------ 95 413 24 87 615 *8 7 798 70 975 34.4 1 1 8

Louisiana ------------------------------------------------------------ 210 420 12 (D) 11 (D) 103 820 102.7 1 (D) (D)

Maine --------------------------------------------------------------- (D) 3 (D) 5 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Maryland ------------------------------------------------------------ 108 455 22 75 273 27 33 182 137 609 –21.2 2 3 3

Massachusetts 496 ------------------------------------------------------- 481 32 487 228 13 9 253 44 712 1 010.4 2 2 (Z)

Michigan------------------------------------------------------------- 104 311 29 (D) 3 (D) 114 384 –8.8 2 (D) (D)

Minnesota ----------------------------------------------------------- 158 869 11 (D) 6 (D) 135 847 16.9 (Z) (D) (D)

Mississippi ----------------------------------------------------------- 105 405 12 83 729 8 21 676 84 055 25.4 (Z) (Z) (Z)

Missouri ------------------------------------------------------------- 151 739 34 111 293 16 40 445 125 066 21.3 12 15 16

Montana------------------------------------------------------------- 19 856 5 (D) 2 (D) 8 107 144.9 (Z) (D) (D)

Nebraska ------------------------------------------------------------ 22 715 5 10 237 6 12 478 20 685 9.8 (Z) (Z) (Z)

Nevada-------------------------------------------------------------- (D) 1 (D) 3 (D) 12 164 (D) (D) (D) (D)

New Hampshire 28 ------------------------------------------------------ 668 6 16 836 12 11 832 29 644 –3.3 12 15 21

New Jersey ---------------------------------------------------------- 158 886 21 129 127 18 29 759 253 904 –37.4 (Z) 1 (Z)

New Mexico --------------------------------------------------------- (D) (S) (D) *3 (D) 13 310 (D) (D) (D) (D)

New York------------------------------------------------------------ 782 350 96 708 666 19 73 684 371 631 110.5 2 2 3 North Carolina 70 ------------------------------------------------------- 992 14 64 796 19 6 195 163 455 –56.6 (Z) (Z) 2 North Dakota -------------------------------------------------------- 25 375 4 (D) 3 (D) 14 399 76.2 (Z) (D) (D)

Ohio ---------------------------------------------------------------- 260 335 56 236 441 9 23 894 179 728 44.8 2 2 3 Oklahoma ----------------------------------------------------------- 71 892 29 (D) 4 (D) 95 879 –25.0 6 (D) (D)

Oregon -------------------------------------------------------------- 61 755 7 43 882 7 17 873 67 148 –8.0 (Z) (Z) (Z)

Pennsylvania 346 --------------------------------------------------------- 262 64 304 755 20 41 506 387 042 –10.5 3 3 2 Rhode Island--------------------------------------------------------- 25 993 4 22 927 5 3 066 24 864 4.5 (Z) (Z) (Z)

South Carolina 90 ------------------------------------------------------- 267 13 45 474 *15 44 792 113 544 –20.5 2 4 1 South Dakota -------------------------------------------------------- 9 675 3 3 780 5 5 894 11 049 –12.4 (Z) (Z) (Z) Tennessee----------------------------------------------------------- 199 416 30 (D) *8 (D) 108 016 84.6 3 (D) (D) Texas --------------------------------------------------------------- 263 147 56 151 428 16 111 719 469 842 –44.0 3 5 1 Utah ---------------------------------------------------------------- 19 707 *9 19 707 – – (D) (D) 16 16 –

Vermont ------------------------------------------------------------- 15 991 13 (D) 1 (D) 23 098 –30.8 10 (D) (D)

Virginia -------------------------------------------------------------- 124 593 25 109 990 14 14 603 282 506 –55.9 5 6 (Z)

Washington ---------------------------------------------------------- 206 888 23 185 146 10 21 742 134 849 53.4 1 1 (Z)

West Virginia--------------------------------------------------------- 59 587 6 26 965 15 32 622 45 756 30.2 (Z) (Z) (Z) Wisconsin ----------------------------------------------------------- 219 970 12 209 188 7 10 782 124 934 76.1 (Z) (Z) 7

Wyoming ------------------------------------------------------------ 17 374 *8 (D) 3 (D) (D) (D) 25 (D) (D)

7–12nnBRIDGE, TUNNEL AND ELEVATED HIGHWAYS CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
TIPS UPF [MCD_CMCB,TD_KLING] 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:16 EPCV20 TLP:TD_K_INDTAB.TLP;63 7/ 17/ 95 09:39:27 DATA:TD_K_T1.DAT;32 7/ 17/ 95 09:38:27 UPF:CON_CENPROD:[CEN.DATA]TD_K_T PAGE: 10

TSF:TIPS92-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:40:14 UTF:TIPS93-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:40:14 META:TIPS96-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:01

Table 11. Dollar Value of Business Done for Establishments With Payroll by

Kind-of-Business Activity: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Based on their primary business activity or combination of activities, establishments were classified into this specific industry.

These establishments, however, may also be engaged in other kinds of business activities. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see

appendixes]

Primary and other kind of business activities

Dollar value of business done Relative standard error of estimate (percent)

1992 1987 1992 1987

All kinds of business 7 ------------------------------------- 286 936 5 579 414 1 1

BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONmGENERAL CONTRACTORS

AND OPERATIVE BUILDERS

General building contractor 55 ----------------------------------------- 792 130 323 5 4

HEAVY CONSTRUCTION OTHER THAN BUILDING

CONSTRUCTIONmCONTRACTORS

Excavating, earthmoving, and land clearing contractor, not connected

with buildings ---------------------------------------------------- 29 793 72 514 2 4

Heavy construction contractor 6 -------------------------------------- 421 754 4 834 262 1 1

Highway and street general contractor 537 ------------------------------ 436 309 420 1 1

Paving contractor ------------------------------------------------- 86 478 67 994 3 (Z)

Other construction activities 82 ---------------------------------------- 388 57 966 2 12

Other business activities ------------------------------------------- 73 295 96 925 1 (NA)

Kind of business activity, n.s.k. ------------------------------------- – 10 009 – (Z)

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES BRIDGE, TUNNEL AND ELEVATED HIGHWAYSnn7–13
TIPS UPF [MCD_CMCB,TD_KLING] 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:16 EPCV20 TLP:TD_K_INDTAB.TLP;63 7/ 17/ 95 09:39:27 DATA:TD_K_T1.DAT;32 7/ 17/ 95 09:38:27 UPF:CON_CENPROD:[CEN.DATA]TD_K_T PAGE: 11

TSF:TIPS92-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:40:14 UTF:TIPS93-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:40:14 META:TIPS96-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:01

Table 12. Selected Industry Ratios for Establishments With Payroll: 1992 and 1987

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Selected statistics

1992 1987

Relative

standard error

of estimate

(percent)

for 1992

AVERAGE PER ESTABLISHMENT

Number of employees**---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42.0 41.0 2 Number of construction workers--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34.7 34.6 2 Number of all other employees --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7.3 6.4 2 Payroll, all employees --------------------------------------------------------------------------- $1,000-- 1 427.5 1 028.3 2 Payroll, construction workers------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 1 081.3 785.1 2 Payroll, other employees ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 346.2 243.2 2

Dollar value of business done------------------------------------------------------------------------ do-- 7 002.7 4 814.0 2 Value of construction work -------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 6 917.5 4 729.0 2 Cost of materials, components, supplies, and fuels do ----------------------------------------------------- -- 2 235.6 1 600.4 2 Construction work subcontracted to others do ------------------------------------------------------------ -- 1 808.9 1 116.6 3 Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings do --------------------------------------------------- -- 175.7 112.1 3 Capital expenditures, other than land ----------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 149.1 130.9 3 Gross book value of depreciable assets do -------------------------------------------------------------- -- 1 540.3 1 122.7 2

AVERAGE PER EMPLOYEE

Payroll, all employees --------------------------------------------------------------------------- $1,000-- 34.0 25.1 (Z)

Dollar value of business done------------------------------------------------------------------------ do-- 166.7 117.5 1

Value added†† ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 70.4 51.2 1

AVERAGE PER CONSTRUCTION WORKER

Payroll, construction workers--------------------------------------------------------------------- $1,000-- 31.2 22.7 (Z)

Value of construction work -------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 199.3 136.7 1

AVERAGE PER OTHER EMPLOYEE

Payroll, other employees ------------------------------------------------------------------------ $1,000-- 47.5 38.1 (Z)

AVERAGE PER DOLLAR VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK

Payroll, all employees ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ .206 .217 (Z)

Cost of materials, components, supplies, and fuels---------------------------------------------------------- .323 .338 (Z)

Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others ------------------------------------------------------ .261 .236 1

Value of construction work subcontracted in from others ---------------------------------------------------- .122 .136 2

Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings -------------------------------------------------------- .025 .024 1

7–14nnBRIDGE, TUNNEL AND ELEVATED HIGHWAYS CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
TIPS UPF [MCD_CMCB,TD_KLING] 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:16 EPCV20 TLP:TD_K_INDTAB.TLP;63 7/ 17/ 95 09:39:27 DATA:TD_K_T1.DAT;32 7/ 17/ 95 09:38:27 UPF:CON_CENPROD:[CEN.DATA]TD_K_T PAGE: 12

TSF:TIPS92-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:40:14 UTF:TIPS93-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:40:14 META:TIPS96-09400917.DAT;1 7/ 17/ 95 09:41:01

Table 13. Selected Industry Ratios for Establishments With Payroll by State: 1992

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Location of establishment

Average per dollar value of construction work

Average

number of

employees**

per establishment

Payroll

per

employee

($1,000)

Value of

construction

work per

construction

worker

($1,000)

Payroll,

all employees

Cost of

materials,

components,

supplies,

and fuels

Cost of

construction

work subcontracted

out to others

Value of

construction

work subcontracted

in from others

Rental

cost for

machinery,

equipment,

and

buildings

United States 42.0 -------------------------------- 34.0 199.3 .206 .323 .261 .122 .025

Alabama 50.7 ---------------------------------------------- 21.3 146.3 .176 .401 .311 .177 .009

Alaska 29.5 ----------------------------------------------- 51.3 301.9 .241 .568 .087 (D) .030

Arizona (D) ----------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Arkansas 16.3 --------------------------------------------- 19.9 134.7 .179 .307 .287 .124 .015

California 44.7 --------------------------------------------- 44.9 327.4 .171 .303 .397 .211 .036

Colorado 35.8 --------------------------------------------- 32.4 252.9 .158 (D) .366 .173 .013

Connecticut 44.6 ------------------------------------------- 37.2 198.1 .238 .286 .216 .091 .051

Delaware 7.5 --------------------------------------------- 34.6 229.1 .218 (D) (D) .069 .016

District of Columbia – ------------------------------------ –––––– –

Florida 55.8 ----------------------------------------------- 25.3 211.8 .144 .411 .342 .123 .039

Georgia 37.1 ---------------------------------------------- 22.0 137.7 .200 .286 .230 .275 .008

Hawaii (D) ------------------------------------------------ (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Idaho 25.0 ------------------------------------------------ 28.8 150.4 .236 .404 .134 .013 .007

Illinois 59.4 ------------------------------------------------ 41.8 212.9 .232 .240 .249 .055 .022

Indiana 70.7 ----------------------------------------------- 41.0 191.5 .260 .438 .186 .035 .018

Iowa 28.0 ------------------------------------------------- 23.4 108.7 .254 .571 .153 .099 .007

Kansas 51.8 ----------------------------------------------- 25.7 131.9 .223 .413 .235 .181 .017

Kentucky 29.8 --------------------------------------------- 30.9 179.4 .202 .388 .223 .136 .018

Louisiana (D) --------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Maine (D) ------------------------------------------------ (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Maryland 43.0 --------------------------------------------- 22.7 95.0 .280 .323 .185 .030 .024

Massachusetts 48.8 ---------------------------------------- 44.7 422.1 .140 .247 .347 .027 .015

Michigan 21.1 ---------------------------------------------- 35.7 219.3 .200 .314 .302 .143 .011

Minnesota 77.9 -------------------------------------------- 33.1 197.5 .199 .398 (D) .019 .046

Mississippi 81.5 -------------------------------------------- 21.9 139.5 .179 (D) .308 .142 .025

Missouri 31.3 ---------------------------------------------- 31.7 190.9 .203 .360 .172 .128 .022

Montana 22.2 ---------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Nebraska 10.5 --------------------------------------------- 32.6 293.2 .140 .277 .216 .113 .007

Nevada (D) ----------------------------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

New Hampshire 16.1 --------------------------------------- 31.0 228.3 .189 .325 .358 .132 .031

New Jersey 45.2 ------------------------------------------- 45.7 200.6 .287 .323 .139 .074 .037

New Mexico *18.1 ------------------------------------------ (D) 157.2 (D) .394 (D) *.220 –

New York 44.1 --------------------------------------------- 43.5 219.8 .242 .247 .257 .065 .029

North Carolina 42.8 ---------------------------------------- 23.5 140.4 .196 .376 .261 .312 .051

North Dakota 45.5 ----------------------------------------- 29.3 158.8 .214 .347 .220 (D) (D)

Ohio 30.1 ------------------------------------------------- 35.8 215.2 .220 .334 .223 .158 .015

Oklahoma 23.7 -------------------------------------------- 25.8 153.9 .191 .408 .183 .180 .030

Oregon 36.1 ----------------------------------------------- 37.6 283.5 .165 (D) .339 .039 .059

Pennsylvania 44.8 ------------------------------------------ 29.4 168.4 .213 .260 .256 .229 .029 Rhode Island 34.3 ------------------------------------------ (D) 228.0 (D) (D) .253 .199 .047

South Carolina 33.0 ---------------------------------------- 24.8 136.7 .219 .426 .177 .481 .030 South Dakota 12.7 ----------------------------------------- (D) 125.1 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) Tennessee 48.5 -------------------------------------------- 25.0 161.7 .175 .359 .329 .137 .012 Texas 24.6 ------------------------------------------------ 23.0 155.3 .179 .381 .144 .288 .033 Utah 15.8 ------------------------------------------------- 26.0 186.0 .164 .209 .508 .282 .024

Vermont 19.8 ---------------------------------------------- 22.5 106.9 .246 .336 .229 .152 .006 Virginia 33.5 ----------------------------------------------- 26.2 151.5 .204 .329 .278 .147 .042 Washington 61.3 ------------------------------------------- 44.5 230.3 .267 .287 .192 .057 .029 West Virginia 23.3 ------------------------------------------ 40.8 230.4 .208 .360 .205 (S) .022 Wisconsin 96.3 -------------------------------------------- 38.3 321.7 .137 (D) .348 .071 .011

Wyoming 27.8 --------------------------------------------- 21.0 118.4 .217 .348 .248 .174 .025

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES BRIDGE, TUNNEL AND ELEVATED HIGHWAYSnn7–15
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 1 SESS: 29 OUTPUT: Thu Mar 30 15:14:06 1995 / pssw01/ disk2/ economic/ cc92i/ 00/ 14apdxa

Appendix A.

Explanation of Terms

Construction. Is composed of three broad categories:

1. New construction. Includes the complete, original

building of structures and essential service facilities

and the initial installation of integral equipment such as

elevators and plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning

supplies and equipment.

2. Additions, alterations, or reconstruction. Includes

construction work which adds to the value or useful life

of an existing building or structure, or which adapts a

building or structure to a new or different use. Included

are ‘‘major replacements’’ of building systems such as

the installation of a new roof or heating system and the

resurfacing of streets or highways. This contrasts to

the repair of a hole in a roof or the routine patching of

highways and streets, which would be classified as

maintenance and repair.

3. Maintenance and repair. Includes incidental construction work which keeps a property in ordinary working

condition. Excluded are trash and snow removal, lawn

maintenance and landscaping, and cleaning and janitorial services.

Number of establishments in business during year.

Includes all establishments that were in business at any

time during the year. It covers all full-year and part-year

operations. Construction establishments which were inactive or idle for the entire year were not included.

Proprietors and working partners. These data were not

collected on the census report forms. The data shown are

based on crediting each sole proprietorship establishment

with one active proprietor and each partnership establishment with two working partners.

All employees. Comprises all full-time and part-time employees on the payrolls of construction establishments who

worked or received pay for any part of the pay period

including the 12th of March, May, August, and November.

Included are all persons on paid sick leave, paid holidays,

and paid vacations during these pay periods. Officers of

corporations are included, but proprietors and partners of

unincorporated firms are not.

All employees is the sum of all employees during the

pay periods including the 12th of March, May, August, and

November, divided by 4.

Construction workers. Includes all workers up through

the working supervisor level directly engaged in construction operations, such as painters, carpenters, plumbers,

and electricians. Included are journeymen, mechanics,

apprentices, laborers, truck drivers and helpers, equipment

operators, and on-site record keepers and security guards.

Supervisory employees above the working foreman level

are excluded from this category but are included in the

‘‘other employees’’ category.

Other employees. Includes employees in executive,

purchasing, accounting, personnel, professional, and

technical activities, as well as routine office functions.

Also included are supervisory employees above the

working foreman level.

Payroll. Includes the gross earnings paid in the calendar

year 1992 to all employees on the payroll of construction

establishments. It includes all forms of compensation such

as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses,

vacation and sick leave pay, prior to such deductions as

employees’ Social Security contributions, withholding taxes,

group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds. The total

includes salaries of officers of these establishments, if a

corporation, but excludes payments to the proprietor or

partners, if unincorporated.

Fringe benefits. Represents expenditures made by the

employer during 1992 for legally required and voluntary

fringe benefit programs for employees.

Legally required contributions. Includes Social Security contributions, unemployment compensation, worker’s

compensation, and State temporary disability payments.

Voluntary payments. Includes life insurance premiums, pension plans, insurance premiums on hospital

and medical plans, welfare plans, and union negotiated benefits.

Dollar value of business done comprises the following

detail:

Value of construction work done. Includes all

value of construction work done during 1992 for

construction work performed by general contractors

and special trades contractors. Included is new construction, additions and alterations or reconstruction,

and maintenance and repair construction work. Also

included is the value of any construction work done

by the reporting establishments for themselves.

CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES APPENDIX A A–1
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 2 SESS: 29 OUTPUT: Thu Mar 30 15:14:06 1995 / pssw01/ disk2/ economic/ cc92i/ 00/ 14apdxa

Speculative builders were instructed to include the

value of buildings and other structures built or being

built for sale in 1992 but not sold. They were to

include the costs of such construction plus normal

profit. Also included is the cost of construction work

done on buildings for rent or lease.

Establishments engaged in the sale and installation

of such construction components as plumbing, heating, and central air-conditioning supplies and equipment; lumber and building materials; paint, glass, and

wallpaper; and electrical and wiring supplies, elevators or escalators were instructed to include both the

value for the installation and the receipts covering the

price of the items installed.

Excluded was the cost of industrial and other specialized machinery and equipment which are not an

integral part of a structure.

Other business receipts. Includes business receipts

not reported as value of construction work done. The

item includes business receipts from retail and wholesale trade, rental of equipment, manufacturing, transportation, legal service, insurance, finance, rental of

property and other real estate operations, and other

nonconstruction activities. Receipts for separately

definable architectural and engineering work for others are also included here.

Excluded was the value of construction work done and

receipts from other business operations in foreign countries and non-operating income such as interest and

dividends.

Net value of construction work. Derived for each establishment by subtracting the costs for construction work

subcontracted out to others from the value of construction

work done. (For a further explanation see ‘‘Duplication in

Value of Construction Work’’ section in the Introduction.)

Value added. Derived for each establishment, value

added is equal to dollar value of business done, less costs

for construction work subcontracted out to others, and

costs for materials, components, supplies, and fuels. (For

a further explanation see ‘‘Duplication in Value of Construction Work’’ section in the Introduction.)

Selected costs. Represents the costs for materials,

components, and supplies; costs for construction work

subcontracted out to others; and costs for selected power,

fuels, and lubricants. Capital expenditures and rental costs

for machinery, equipment, and structures are shown elsewhere.

Costs for materials, components, and supplies include:

• total costs to reporting establishments during 1992 for

the purchase of all materials, components, and supplies,

except fuels. (Supplies include expendable tools which

are charged to current accounts.)

• freight and other direct charges representing only amount

paid after discounts, and the value of materials, components, and supplies obtained from other establishments

of the respondent’s company.

• costs for materials, components, and supplies used by

the reporting establishments in the construction or reconstruction of buildings/ structures for themselves which

are chargeable to their fixed assets accounts, as well as

costs for materials bought and resold to others.

• costs made for direct purchases of materials, components, and supplies even though the purchases were

subsequently provided to subcontractors for their use.

Excluded from this item are:

• industrial and other specialized machinery and equipment such as printing presses and computer systems,

which are not an integral part of a structure.

• materials furnished to contractors by the owners of

projects.

Costs for construction work subcontracted out to others

include:

• all costs during 1992 for construction work subcontracted out to other construction contractors.

Excluded from this item are:

• the costs to the reporting establishment for its purchases of materials, components, and supplies provided

to a subcontractor for use. Such costs are reported

under, ‘‘costs for materials, components, and supplies.’’

• costs for the rental of machinery or equipment.

Costs for selected power, fuels, and lubricants include:

• costs for fuels, lubricants, and electric energy purchased

during the year from other companies or received from

other establishments of the company.

• costs for natural and manufactured gas, fuel oil, coal,

and coke products.

Rental costs for machinery, equipment, and buildings.

Includes all costs during 1992 for renting or leasing

construction machinery and equipment, transportation equipment, production equipment, office equipment, furniture

and fixtures, scaffolding, office space, and buildings. It

excludes costs for the rental of land. It also excludes costs

under agreements which, in effect, are conditional sales

contracts such as capital leases. Such costs are included

in ‘‘capital expenditures.’’

Selected purchased services. Includes all costs during

1992 for communication services purchased from other

companies or from other establishments of the company. It

also includes the cost of all repairs made to structures and

equipment by outside companies or from other establishments of the same company. It includes only the cost of

A–2 APPENDIX A CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 3 SESS: 29 OUTPUT: Thu Mar 30 15:14:06 1995 / pssw01/ disk2/ economic/ cc92i/ 00/ 14apdxa

repair necessary to maintain property and equipment. It

excludes the cost of improvements that increase the value

of property or the cost of adapting it for another use. Such

costs are included in ‘‘capital expenditures.’’

Assets and depreciation. Refers to the original cost of all

fixed tangible assets such as buildings and other structures (offices and shops); stationary machinery (generators and shop equipment); mobile machinery (tractors and

trucks); and other equipment (office furniture and fixtures).

Not included are such items as current assets, depletable

assets, intangible assets, and nondepreciable assets.

Data on assets and depreciation were collected separately for: (1) buildings and other structures, additions, and

related facilities; and (2) machinery and equipment.

Respondents were also asked to report capitalized

expenditures, depreciation charges, and the gross value

of assets sold, retired, scrapped, and destroyed during

1992.

Capital expenditures. Refers to all costs actually incurred

during 1992 which were or would be chargeable to the

fixed assets accounts of the reporting establishments and

which were of the type for which depreciation accounts are

ordinarily maintained. These expenditures cover the acquisition, the construction, and the major alteration of the

reporting establishment’s own buildings and other structures, whether purchased, constructed under contract, or

constructed by the reporting establishment’s own forces;

and the acquisition of machinery and equipment.

If leasing arrangements met the criteria set down by the

Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) for a capital

lease, respondents were instructed to report the original

cost or market value of that equipment or building as a

fixed asset and capital expenditure if acquired during 1992.

If capital expenditures were not recorded directly at the

establishment level but handled centrally at the company

or division level, respondents were requested to report

appropriate estimates for the individual establishments.

Inventories. Includes all of the materials and supplies

that are owned regardless of where they are held. Excludes

materials which are owned by others, but held by the

reporting establishment.

Builders who built on their own account for sale were

requested to exclude work in progress and finished units

not sold from inventories.

Inventories of multiestablishment companies were instructed to be reported by the establishment that is

responsible for the inventories even if these inventories

were held at a separate location.

Ownership of construction projects. Shows the distribution of the value of construction work done by ownership

of the project; that is, Government owned or privately

owned. This classification relates to the ownership of the

projects or work undertaken during the construction phase.

Government owned projects are shown separately for

Federal and State and local governments.

Value of construction work subcontracted in from

others. Includes the value of construction work during

1992 for work done by reporting establishments as subcontractors. Establishments were asked to report the

approximate percent of total value of construction work

accounted for by such work, and the percentages reported

were applied to the reported value of construction work to

develop a value for this item.

Types of construction. Provides data by the types of

buildings, structures, or other facilities being constructed

or worked on by construction establishments in 1992.

Respondents were instructed that each building, structure,

or other facility should be classified in terms of its function.

For example, a restaurant building was to be classified in

the restaurant category whether it was designed as a

commercial restaurant building or an auxiliary unit of an

educational institution. If respondents worked on more

than one type of building or structure in a multibuilding

complex, they were instructed to report separately for each

building or type of structure. If they worked on a building

that had more than one purpose; i.e, office and residential,

or commercial, they were to classify the building by major

purpose.

In addition, all respondents were requested to report the

percentage of the value of construction work done for new

construction, additions, alterations, or reconstruction, and

maintenance and repair work for each of these types. See

the definition of ‘‘Construction’’ for the meanings of these

terms.

Building construction:

• Single-family houses, detached. Includes all residential buildings constructed for one family use.

• Single-family houses, attached, including townhouses

and townhouse-type condominiums. Includes all residential buildings with two or more living quarters side by

side, completely independent of one another, and separated by an unbroken party or lot line wall from ground to

roof.

• Apartment buildings with two or more units, including rentals, apartment-type condominiums, and cooperatives. Includes high-rise, low-rise, or any structures

containing two or more housing units other than attached

single-family houses.

• Hotels, motels, and tourist cabins. Includes hotels,

motels, bed and breakfast inns, and tourist cabins

intended for transient accommodations. Also included

are hotel and motel conference centers.

• Other residential buildings. Includes dormitories, fraternity and sorority houses, and other nonhousekeeping

residential structures.

• Office buildings. Includes all buildings which are used

primarily for office space or for government administrative offices. Also included are banks or financial buildings which are three stories or more. Medical office

buildings are reported under hospitals and institutional

buildings.

CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES APPENDIX A A–3
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 4 SESS: 29 OUTPUT: Thu Mar 30 15:14:06 1995 / pssw01/ disk2/ economic/ cc92i/ 00/ 14apdxa

• Other commercial buildings, such as stores, restaurants, and automobile service stations. Includes all

buildings which are intended for use primarily in the retail

and service trades. For example, shopping centers,

department stores, drug stores, restaurants, public garages,

auto service stations, and one or two story bank or

financial institutions.

• Industrial buildings. Includes all industrial buildings

and plants which are used to house production and

assembly activities. Note that industrial parks should be

classified under its primary usage such as warehouses,

office space, commercial or industrial type buildings.

Heavy industrial facilities such as blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, and chemical complexes are not included

in this category but are reported under nonbuilding

construction.

• Warehouses. Includes commercial warehouses, cold

storage plants, grain elevators, mini-warehouses, and

other such storage buildings.

• Religious buildings. Includes all buildings which are

intended for religious services or functions such as

churches, synagogues, convents, monasteries, and seminaries.

• Educational buildings. Includes all buildings which are

used directly in administrative and instructional activities

such as colleges, universities, elementary and secondary schools, correspondence, commercial, and trade

schools. Libraries, museums, and art galleries, as well as

laboratories which are not a part of a manufacturing or

commercial establishment, are also included.

• Hospitals and institutional buildings. Includes medical office buildings and all other buildings which are

intended to provide hospital and institutional care such

as clinics, infirmaries, sanitariums, nursing homes, homes

for the aged, and orphanages.

• Farm buildings, nonresidential. Includes nonresidential farm buildings such as barns, poultry houses, implement sheds, and farm silos.

• Amusement, social, and recreational buildings. Includes buildings which are used primarily for entertainment, social, and recreational activities such as sports

arenas, convention centers, theaters, music halls, golf

and country club buildings, skating rinks, fitness centers,

bowling alleys, and indoor swimming pools.

• Other nonresidential buildings. Includes nonresidential buildings which are not classified elsewhere such as

fire stations, post offices, bus and air passenger terminals and hangars, and prisons.

Nonbuilding construction:

• Highways, streets, and related work such as installation of guardrails, highway signs, and lighting. Includes streets, roads, alleys, sidewalks, curbs and gutters, culverts, right-of-way drainage, erosion control, and

lighting. Also includes earthwork protective structures

when used in connection with road improvements.

• Outdoor swimming pools. Includes wading pools and

reflecting pools.

• Airport runways and related work. Includes runways,

taxiways, aprons, and related work.

• Private driveways and parking areas. Includes all

nonstructural parking areas and private driveways of all

surface types.

• Fencing. Includes all types of fencing.

• Recreationalfacilities. Includes athletic fields,golf courses,

outdoor tennis courts, trails, and camps.

• Tunnels. Includes highway, pedestrian, railroad, and

water distribution tunnels.

• Bridges and elevated highways. Includes viaducts

and overpasses, roads, highways, railroads, and causeways built on structural supports.

• Dam and reservoir construction. Includes hydroelectric, water supply, and flood control dams and reservoirs.

• Marine construction. Includes dredging, underwater

rock removal, breakwaters, navigational channels, and

locks.

• Harbor and port facilities. Includes docks, piers, and

wharves.

• Conservation and development construction. Includes

land reclamation, irrigation projects, drainage canals,

levees, jetties, breakwaters, and flood control projects.

• Power and communication transmission lines, towers, and related facilities. Includes electric power lines,

telephone and telegraph lines, fiber optic cables, cable

television lines, television and radio towers, and electric

light and power facilities.

• Sewers, sewerlines, septic tanks, and related facilities. Includes sanitary and storm sewers, pumping stations, septic systems, and related facilities.

• Water mains and related facilities. Includes water

supply systems, pumping stations, and related facilities.

• Pipeline construction other than sewer or

waterlines. Includes pipelines for the transmission of

gas, petroleum products, and liquefied gases.

• Urban mass transit. Includes subways, trollies, street

cars, and light rail systems.

• Railroad construction. Includes the construction of

railroad beds, tracks, freight yards, and signal towers for

systems other than urban mass transit.

• Blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, chemical complexes, etc. Includes coke ovens and mining appurtenances such as tipples and washeries.

A–4 APPENDIX A CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 5 SESS: 29 OUTPUT: Thu Mar 30 15:14:06 1995 / pssw01/ disk2/ economic/ cc92i/ 00/ 14apdxa

• Power plants, nuclear. Includes atomic energy plants

and nuclear reactors.

• Power plants, and cogeneration plants, except nuclear. Includes electric and steam generating plants and

cogenerating plants.

• Sewage treatment plants. Includes sewage treatment

and waste disposal plants.

• Water treatment plants. Includes water filtration and

water softening plants.

• Ships. Includes special trade contractors working on

ships and boats such as painters, carpenters, joiners,

electricians, etc.

• Other nonbuilding construction. Includes all types of

nonbuilding construction not included elsewhere.

CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES APPENDIX A A–5
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 1 SESS: 34 OUTPUT: Mon May 1 13:43:52 1995 / pssw01/ disk2/ economic/ cc92i/ 00/ 14apdxb

Appendix B.

Standard Industrial Classification Titles for

Industry Groups and Industries

SIC

code Industry titles

15 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION—GENERAL

CONTRACTORS AND OPERATIVE

BUILDERS

152 General Building Contractors—Residential

Buildings

1521 General Contractors—Single-Family Houses

1522 General Contractors—Residential Buildings,

Other Than Single-Family

153 Operative Builders

1531 Operative Builders

154 General Building Contractors—Nonresidential

Buildings

1541 General Contractors—Industrial Buildings and

Warehouses

1542 General Contractors—Nonresidential Buildings,

Other Than Industrial Buildings and Warehouses

16 HEAVY CONSTRUCTION OTHER THAN

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION—

CONTRACTORS

161 Highway and Street Construction, Except

Elevated Highways

1611 Highway and Street Construction Contractors,

Except Elevated Highways

162 Heavy Construction, Except Highway and

Street Construction

1622 Bridge, Tunnel, and Elevated Highway

Construction Contractors

1623 Water, Sewer, Pipeline, and Communications

and Power Line Construction Contractors

1629 Heavy Construction Contractors, Not Elsewhere

Classified

17 CONSTRUCTION—SPECIAL TRADE

CONTRACTORS

171 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning

Special Trade Contractors

1711 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning

Special Trade Contractors

172 Painting and Paper Hanging

Special Trade Contractors

1721 Painting and Paper Hanging

Special Trade Contractors

SIC

code Industry titles

17 CONSTRUCTION—SPECIAL TRADE

CONTRACTORS—Con.

173 Electrical Work Special Trade Contractors

1731 Electrical Work Special Trade Contractors

174 Masonry, Stone Work, Tile Setting, and

Plastering Special Trade Contractors

1741 Masonry, Stone Setting, and Other Stone

Work Special Trade Contractors

1742 Plastering, Drywall, Acoustical, and Insulation

Work Special Trade Contractors

1743 Terrazzo, Tile, Marble, and Mosaic Work

Special Trade Contractors

175 Carpentry and Floor Work Special Trade

Contractors

1751 Carpentry Work Special Trade Contractors

1752 Floor Laying and Other Floor Work Special

Trade Contractors, Not Elsewhere

Classified

176 Roofing, Siding, and Sheet Metal Work

Special Trade Contractors

1761 Roofing, Siding, and Sheet Metal Work

Special Trade Contractors

177 Concrete Work Special Trade Contractors

1771 Concrete Work Special Trade Contractors

178 Water Well Drilling Special Trade Contractors

1781 Water Well Drilling Special Trade Contractors

179 Miscellaneous Special Trade Contractors

1791 Structural Steel Erection Special Trade

Contractors

1793 Glass and Glazing Work Special Trade

Contractors

1794 Excavation Work Special Trade Contractors

1795 Wrecking and Demolition Work Special

Trade Contractors

1796 Installation or Erection of Building Equipment,

Special Trade Contractors, Not Elsewhere

Classified

1799 Special Trade Contractors, Not Elsewhere

Classified

CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES APPENDIX B B–1
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 1 SESS: 6 OUTPUT: Wed Feb 15 09:24:58 1995 / pssw01/ disk2/ economic/ cc92i/ 00/ 14apdxc

Appendix C.

Geographic Divisions and States

NEW ENGLAND STATES

Connecticut

Maine

Massachusetts

New Hampshire

Rhode Island

Vermont

MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES

New Jersey

New York

Pennsylvania

EAST NORTH CENTRAL STATES

Illinois

Indiana

Michigan

Ohio

Wisconsin

WEST NORTH CENTRAL STATES

Iowa

Kansas

Minnesota

Missouri

Nebraska

North Dakota

South Dakota

SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES

Delaware

District of Columbia

Florida

Georgia

Maryland

SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES—Con.

North Carolina

South Carolina

Virginia

West Virginia

EAST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES

Alabama

Kentucky

Mississippi

Tennessee

WEST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES

Arkansas

Louisiana

Oklahoma

Texas

MOUNTAIN STATES

Arizona

Colorado

Idaho

Montana

Nevada

New Mexico

Utah

Wyoming

PACIFIC STATES

Alaska

California

Hawaii

Oregon

Washington

CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES APPENDIX C C–1
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 1 SESS: 30 OUTPUT: Thu Apr 13 15:20:29 1995 / pssw01/ disk2/ economic/ cc92i/ 00/ 07txtpub

1992 CENSUS OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES

The Census of Construction Industries is taken once

every 5 years. The census covers all establishments

engaged in construction, including:

• Building contractors

• Heavy construction contractors

• Special trade contractors (including plumbers, carpenters, painters, electricians)

Data products in the census of construction industries are

issued in four publication series and in three media:

Printed reports [P]

CD-ROM [C]

Highlights online [+ ]

Preliminary Industry Series

(CC92-I-1(P) to -27(P))

(Available July 1994 through January 1995) [P] [C]

Twenty-six separate industry reports and a U.S. summary report, providing national statistics for establishments with payroll. Statistics shown for 1992 include:

• Number of establishments

• Number of employees

• Payroll

• Value of construction work done, by type of structure

• Selected operating costs

Final Industry Series

(CC92-I-1 to -27)

(Available April 1995 through August 1995) [P] [C] [+ ]

Twenty-six separate industry reports and a U.S. summary report, providing statistics for the Nation and individual States on establishments with payroll. These reports

update figures from the preliminary industry series (employment, payroll, value of construction, etc.) and provide

measures of the following:

• Capital expenditures

• Inventories

• Industry profiles

• Assets

• Depreciation

• And much more

Geographic Area Series

(CC92-A-1 to -10)

(Available August 1995 through December 1995) [P] [C] [+ ]

Nine reports on the construction industries, representing each census geographic division, and a U.S. summary

report. Regional reports provide detailed data for States

and metropolitan areas.

Subject Report—Legal Form of Organization

and Type of Operation (CC92-S-1)

(Available August 1995) [P] [C]

One report providing selected national statistics for

each industry by legal form of organization and type of

operation. This report includes data for establishments

with and without payroll. Data in this report include—

• Employment

• Payroll

• Value of construction work done

• Selected operating costs

OTHER ECONOMIC CENSUS REPORTS

The census of construction industries is part of the 1992

Economic Census. The economic census is conducted at

5-year intervals in years ending in 2 and 7 and consists of

eight separate censuses:

• Census of Retail Trade

• Census of Wholesale Trade

• Census of Service Industries

• Census of Financial, Insurance, and Real Estate

Industries

• Census of Transportation, Communications, and

Utilities

• Census of Manufactures

• Census of Mineral Industries

• Census of Construction Industries

...plus several related programs: enterprise statistics; information on minority-owned and women-owned businesses;

and the census of outlying areas, including separate

economic census of Puerto Rico and other outlying areas.

The census of agriculture and census of governments are

conducted separately.

HOW TO ORDER DATA PRODUCTS

Order forms for the specific reports and other data

products may be obtained from Data User Services Division, Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233-8300. If you have any questions, call

Census Customer Services 1-301-457-4100.

Publication Program