Bureau of Labor Statistics

Regional Offices

Region |.

1603 JFK Federal Building

Government Center
Boston, Mass. 02203
Phone: (617) 223-6761

Region II
Suite 3400
1515 Broadway
New York, N.Y, 10036
Phone: (212) 944-3121

Region III
3535 Market Street
P.O Box 13309
Philadelphia, Pa. 19101
Phone: (215) 596-1154

Region IV
1371 Peachtree Street. N.E.
Atlanta, Ga. 30367
Phone: (474) 881-4418

Region V
9th Floor
Federal Office Building
230 S. Dearborn Street
Chicago, III. 60604
Phone: (312) 353-1880

Region VI
Second Floor
555 Griffin Square Building
Dallas, Tex. 75202
Phone: (214) 767-6971

20

Regions VII and Vill
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City. Mo. 64106
Phone: (816) 374-2481

Regions IX and X
450: Golden Gate Avenue
Box 36017
San Francisco, Catif. 94102
Phone: (415) 556-4678


Table 0. Occupation of primary and secondary Jobs for persons with 2 jobs or more, by sex, May 1979

{NUMBERS IN THOUSANDS)

PERSONS WITH 2 JO8S OR HORE

BOTH SEXE! HEN a
OCCUPATION GROUP [NURBER [ASA PERCENT ise ERT | NUWBER]-KS~A BERCERT
Bx. (RERCENT|OrsTRIeUTION oF | BY JPERCENT]oIsTRIBUTION oF| | BY |PERCENT|DISTRISUTION oF
JoccuPA=|OF ALL Joccueas jor ALL
Ir10N OF | PERSONS| IT1oR OF MEN TN
PATNARY| IN. | PRIMARY] SECONO- [PRIMARY [OCCUPA-| PRINARY| SECOND. FI PRIMARY SECOND=
405 jaccuere|" Joe |aRY JOB THON | JoB |ARY 0B Yop /ARY JOB
ALL OCCUPATIONS 52... 4.4! Ge724] 4.9 | 200.0 | 100.0 | 3,317] 5.9 | 100.0 | 100.0} 1/407] 3.5 | 100.0 | 100.0
PROFESSIONALS TECHNICAL, AND :
KINDRED WORKERS «ss. « «| 7138 19.7 774] 8.9 | 23.3 | 19.0 yo} 565] 25.6] ates
ENGINEERS. vores 56 : se] uo] “1:7 4 - > :
MeOLeaL ado’ ofMéR'néatrh wotkERs “| aes 35 103] 10,9] 3.2] 3:5 7] 4.5) 5.6) 3.7
TEACHERS, EXCEPT COLLEGE... . | 325 xa 167] 16.0] 5.0] 212 ase] 6.7 | and | Bi2
OTHER PROFESS TONAL TECHNICAL;
D KINORED WORKERS » see ee S72 1268 gue} a5] 13.5] a2.9 123) 5.2] 0.7 | 1206
MANAGERS. AND ADMINISTRATORS;
EXCEPT FARM Se ee ee ee | 539 10.8 asa] 5.5] 13.2 | 1206 ee re
SALES WORKERS. 22 eee eee ee] 208) 10.9 az] 6.2] 6.4] 8.6 tel 2.9 | 5.4] 16.2
RETAIL TRADE et] 133! 6.7 aa} 7.2] 2.7] 3.9 as] 23! Sie] 133
OTHER SALES WORKERS: ¢ 2 22D) 138 a2 a24] 5.6] 3:7] 47 31) Wa | Bia | 30
CLERICAL ANO KINDRED WORKERS | > 2 7| 655 a6 a1} 5.7] 5.7] as wea] aia | 3320 fF aise
CRAFT AND KINOREO WORKERS. » . . . ./ 606) soa] 4.91 17.9] 11.6 42] 5 8} 20
‘CARPENTERS AND gonsTauer oN”

GRAFT WORKERS . oe] 193) 103] 3.8] 5.5) 49 -| - “
HECHANIGS AND REPATREAS. 5 oe 175) 174] 5.0 5.3 166 -| - ab
OPHER CRAFT AND RENDRED wonkens’ “| 248 ax7] a9} 71] Sto a we] ou

OPERATIVES, EXCEPT TRANSPORT . . . «| 320 ass} 4.0] 7.7] oat 66) 1s oT | 2B

(OTOR VEMICLE EQUIPHENT, . . 5. 27 27 8.3 18 2 -| - > a
Otmen DURABLE Goose ss SI] tao) aig] 42 | sta 7 25, 1.6) 1.8 -
NONOURABLE GooOS. 72.2: a 3] oun} ats 4 2} 15 | 2.0 8
ALLOTHER. 2 ee cee 83 70) aco} 2.1] 28 a3} 1.8 to] ale

TRANSPORT EQUIPHENT OPERATIVES . . | 196 aro] $.0] Sef aw 26] 8.6] 1.8] 205
ORIVERS AND DELIVERY WORKERS», 2} © 171 rtrd ee cr ee 26) 94] tle] Ls
OTHER TRANSPORT EQUIPHENT

OPERATIVES, © 2 wee ee eee 25) 25) 4.7 a | ay) - -

LABORERS, EXCEPT FARH........[ 197] 176] 4.2 6.7 ee

PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD RORKERS. «6 6. 30 - - - - 3of 3.0 | aaa] a8

SERVICE NORKERS, EXCEPT
PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD 572 346
CLEANING SERVICE. < 129 ioe
Fooo SERVICE. 2 233 > 195] 70
HEALTH SERVICE 2 Ss a7] x8
PERSONAL SERVICE 2. 2 2 3 te
Seorecrive senvicd 1! 150 148

FARMERS AND FARM HANAGERS. ~-[ 197 103

FARM LABORERS AND SUPERVISORS, . > 17 61

1 Rate not shown where base is lees

than 75,000.



Table 1. Persons holding two jobs or more and multiple jobholding rates, May 1969 to May 1979

(Numbers in thousands}
Two jobs In nonagr- .
‘ nem in nonage Multiple jobhotding rate
Tout one Wage and
Yeor multiple Two wage
employed | joohoiders | IO tos | andaaary | S81, | Bot ceres | Men Women | White Black?
jobs
mize | 4008 939 3.069 2526 13 82 69 23 53 45
reas | 4008 943 3105 2356 149 Sz 70 22 53 4a
78708 | 4935 851 3184 2288 896 51 67 26 53 38
31224 3770 831 2339 2.066, 873 48 60 24 48 a7
aa7ss | 4262 957 3275 2.410 885, 51 86 27 54 a7
es7es | | 3.889 348 30a 2.169 ers. | 45 58 26 45 38
84148 3918 aa 3028 231 897 a7 58 29 48 a7
arze | 3948 819 3129 2191 938 45 53 26 a7 28
goaez | 4558 922 3837 2515 122 50 62 34 53 28
93.904 4493 905 3587 2513 074 43 58 33 50 an
96.327 4724 an 3852 23850 1203 49 59 35 31 30

"Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed
2 Starting with 1977, data aro for black workers only.

persons.
Data for prior years are for persons of black and other races except white, about #0 percent of whom are black.

Among the major occupational groups, farmers and
farm managers, and professional and technical workers
reported the highest rates of moonlighting. Nearly | in
4 multiple jobholders in May 1979 was a professional
or technical worker, up from less than 1 in 5 in 1969.
Women in-these occupations accounted for more than
60 percent of the increase. Particularly large increases in
moonlighting occurred among women teaching in pri-
mary and secondary schools, and persons working in
health professions. The moonlighting rates for men in
these two professions, though more than twice that of
women in comparable jobs, were down by about one
percentage point each, from their 1969 levels. Another

occupational group with a high proportion of moon-
lighting men was protective services, such as police who
also work as private guards. This rate, however, also
decreased during the decade, from slightly less than 17
percent to about 12 percent.

Occupational groups with lower than average rates of
multiple jobholding in May 1979, as well as 10 years
earlier, included factory operatives and clerical workers.

Although differences exist in the respoinses given by
men and women, the distribution of reasons for work-
ing more than one job has shown few year-to-year
changes since 1974, the first period for which compara-
ble data ure available. About 29 percent of men and 34

Table 2. Multiple jobholders by type of industry and class of worker, May 1978 and May 1979

[Numbers in thousands} .
‘Multiple jobhokders: ‘Second job in agrcutture ‘Second job In nonagricuttural Industries
Total
Prima .
ry job employed | sumper |. Percent of ‘Total Wage or Sett- Total ‘Wage or Salt.
MAY 1978
99,904 4493 48 752 118 634 371 2878 863
9392 208 60 50 24 6 154 143 "
14at 70 49 u 8 6 6 B "
1,627 106 65 9 13 () 94 94 a)
323 Eo 86 3. 3 (*) 3 co (7)
20512 4209 47 701 94 607 3587 2735 852
83,526 4,066 42 700 93 07 3,968 2513 852
6.482 202 a4 1 1 c) 201 201 «)
543 at 98 | cee | ceeeeee @) a a e)
96,327 4726 49 7 145 580 3,908 2.993 1,006
3,315 203 i) 57 a 30 146 197 4
1455 78 54 4a 12 30 7 28 a
1,592 108 mW 4 “4 () 34 so] Cy
332 16 50 1 1 @) 16 16 (?)
93,012 4521 49 668 118 550 3,852 2.855 997
05,662 4307 50 660 110 550 3647 2,850 997
6861 206 30 a 8 0 198 198 0
508 8 15 0 0 ) 8 8 e@)

* Setf-employed persons with secondary businesses or fans, but no wage or salary jobs,
‘were not counted as multipie jobholders.

Persons whose primary jobs wore as unpaid family workers were counted as multiple jod-
holders only i they also held a wage or salary job.

Sy)

37


Table K. Hours worked at primary job, for persons with 2 jobs or more, by industry
and class of worker of primary job, May 1979

(PERCENT DISTRIGUTION?

oral HOURS WORKED AT PRIRERY JOS

ITH

INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER eyoes| 1 22 33 a 49

OF PRIMARY JOB oR 10 To To 40 To OR

. wore | 2t 34 39 aa | MORE
ALL INDUSTRIES. 6p ee ee ee toe 0] 10000
AGRICULTURE! sees 10040

WAGE AND SALARY WORKERS. » oss see

SELFeEMPLOYED WORKERS. 2 2 0 se +] 10060
NONAGRIGULTURAL INDUSTRIES + + 5 + + +} 100.0
SALARY WORKERS? 4 2. «| 10060
MGousTaUETION ene. Lt 3} 100.0
MANUFACTURING, Fo DS 2D D0: +} 100.0
URABLE GOODS. 2 tk es 3] 100-0
NONOURABLE GOODS - oot. +] 10020
TRANSPORTATION ANO PUBLIC “UTILIT! 1] 100+0
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE . « +] 10060
SLED ese cee ees +| 100.0
totes det +} 100.0
FINANCES induRaicd -“aio'néal Est t} 100.0
SERVICES « eee +] 100-0
EoucaTioniy” Senvides 22. ls +| 100.0
OTHER SERVICES www ct ee +] 10060
PuBLie aoninistiatran ties +] 10060
setae +] 100.0
Se +} 10020
SELFSENPLOYED AND UNPAID Eaatcy'wonKeAs: [| ibos0

* Includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not * Includes = small number of workers in mining, not
shown separately. shown separal

Table L. Hours worked at primary job, for persons with 2 jobs or more, by occupation
group of primary job, May 1979
(PERCENT DISTAIBUTION)

Tore HOURS WORKED AT PRIMARY JOB
n1TH
OCCUPATION GROUP OF PRIMARY JOB 2 voas} ob 22 % a “9
~ oR To To 40 TO oR
more | 2t 34 3 ge | MORE

ALL OCCUPATIONS 2 eee eee eee eee

PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS «
TEACHERS, ExCEPT COLLEGE rears
OTHER PROFESS TONAL TECHNICAL; AND

KINDRED WORKERS ¢ ee ye ee eee eee

a24 | 6.3 | 3902 | tata | 15.0

MANAGERS, AND AUMINISTRATORS, EXCEPT FARK ss 5
SALES WORKERS. res
SLERicaL ano kriioned womens 2 TTI T Dt

CRAFT AND KINDRED MORKERS.

CARPENTERS AND CONSTRUCTION CRAFT “dnkeks ie zig | 6.3 | 50:7 5 1202
MECHANICS AND REPAIRERS, ear ‘916 | 206 | aero | asta | 170
OTHER CRAFT AND KINDRED WORKERS: 22s + ss a7 | 57) 5927 | az
OPERATIVES, EXCEPT TRANSPORT » 1s ees ee ee 6.2 | dea | G72 | 17%@ | 13.2
TRANSPORT EQUIPHENT OPERATIVES » 2. eee wee ave | 10 | 323 | a2ta | 20
DRIVERS AND DELIVERY WORKERS @ oe st tt wy | a2! 30.1 | dive | te
OTHER TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT OPERATIVES 2 21. ¢ ety i a m as)

LABORERS, EXCEPT FARM, see eee eee eee
SERVICE WORKERS» INCLUDING PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD . .

FARMERS AND FARM MANAGERS. oe eee ee ee
FARH LABORERS ANO SUPERVISORS. 722 FS eee

1 Percent not shown where base in less than 75,000,

#1U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1980 0-— 341-258/60



etc.) received by- workers in the form of wages and
salaries (including commissions ane tips).

Age. The age classification is based on age of the person
at last birthday.

Race. The population is divided into three groups on the
basis of race: white, black, and ‘‘other races.” The last
category includes Indians, Japanese, Chinese, and any
other race except white and black.

Marital status. Persons are classified into the following
categories according to their marital status at the time of
interview; single; married, spouse present; and other
marital status. The classification ‘‘married,’’ ‘‘spouse
present” applies to husband and wife if both are
reported as members of the same household even
though one may be temporarily absent on business,
vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, and the like at the
time of interview. The term ‘‘other marital status’? ap-
plied to person who are married with spouse absent,
widowed, or divorced.

Sums distribution. Sums of individual items, whether
absolute number of percentages, may not equal totals
because of independent rounding of totals and com-
ponents. Percentage totals, however, are always shown
as 100 percent.

Reliability of the estimates.

Estimation procedure. The estimating procedure used in
this survey inflates weighted sample results tc. indepen-
dent <stimates of the civilian noninstitutional popula-
tion by age, sex, and race. These independent estimates
are based on statistics from the 1970 Census of Popula-
tion and other data on births, deaths, immigration,
emigration, and strength of the Armed Forces.

Variability. Since the estimates are based on a sample,
they may differ somewhat from the figures that would

lave been obtained if a complete census had been taken
using the same schedules and procedures. As in any
survey, the results are also subject to errors of response
and reporting. These may be relatively large in the case
of persons with irregular attachment in the labor force.

The standard error is primarily a measure of sampling
variability, this is, of the variations that might occur by
chance because a sample rather than the entire popula-
tion is surveyed. As calculated for this report, the stan-
dard error also partially meausres the effect of response
and enumeration errors but does not measures any
systematic biases in the data. The chances are about 2
out of 3 that an estimate from the same would differ
from a complete census by less than the standard error.
The chances are about 19 out of 20 that the differences
would be less than twice the standard error.

The following examples illustrate their use. An.
estimated 922,000 multiple jobholders had at least one
agricultural job in May 1977. Table A-! shows the
standard error of 922,000 to be approximately 40,128.
Chances are about 2 out of 3 that a complete census
would have differed from the same estimate by less than
40,128. Chances are 19 out of 20 that the difference
would have been less than 80,256,

These 922,000 multiple jobholders were 20.2 percent
of al! moonlighters in May 1977. Table A-2 shows the
standard error of 20.2 percent with a base of 4,558,000
to be about 0.9 percent. Consequently chances are 2 out
of 3 that a complete census would have disclosed the
figure to be between 19.3 and 21.1 percent, and 19 cut
of 20 that the figure would have been between 18.4 and
22.0 percent.

The reliability of an estimated percentage, computed
by using sample data for both numerator and
denominator, depends upon both the size of the percen-
tage and the size of the total upon which the percentage
is based. Estimated percentages are relatively more
reliable than the corresponding absolute estimates of the
numerator of the percentage, particularly if the percent-
age is large (50 percent or greater).


en moonlighters held two part-time jobs. The propor-
tion of men holding two full-time jobs in May 1979 was
twice as high as for women:

Both .
Multiple jobholders sexes Men Women
Total [in thousands] ......... 4,724 3,317 1,407
Percent distribution .... 100 100 100
One full-time, one part-time job 67 75 51
Two part-time jobs .. . . 27 19 48
Two full-time jobs... - 5 7 3

An average total of 52 hours was worked by moon-
lighters during the survey: week. Hours worked on sec-
ondary jobs averaged 13; those worked by moon-
lighting women averaged about 70 percent of those by

men. About 30 percent of moonlighters worked from 8
to 14 hours a week on their secondary jobs. About 52
percent worked either 1 to 7 hours or 15 to 21 hours.

Industries in which employees worked more than the
average number of hours on secondary jobs, in May
1979, included construction, 16 hours, and manufactur-
ing, 15 hours.

Moonlighters worked a weekly median of 40 hours
on their primary jobs in May 1979, the same median as
single jobholders, and for both white and black work-
ers. Moonlighters who were self-employed in agriculture
as a first job worked a median of 56 hours, the longest
of any occupation, while unpaid family workers aver-
aged 35 hours of work on their first jobs. o

——— FOOTNOTES———

“This is an annual study based on data supplied by the May Cur
rent Population Survey.

* Also included as multiple jobholders are persons who had two
jobs during the survey week because they were changing jobs. This
Broup is very small —about one percent of all multiple jobholders in
May 1979. Persons employed only in, private househclds (such as
housekeepers, launderers, gardeners, and babysitters) who worked for
two or more employers during the survey week were not counted as
multiple jobholders, because working for severai employers is consid-
ered an inherent characteristic of this type of work, Also excluded
were self-employed persons with additional farms or businesses and
persons with secondary jobs as unpaid family workers.

*See Beverly L. Johnson, “Marital and family characteristics of
workers, 1970~78," Monthly Labor Review, April 1979, pp. 49-52:
and Janet L. Norwood and Elizabeth Waldman, “Women in the labor
force: some new data series," U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Report

+ $75, October 1979,

“See Carol Leon and Robert W. Bednarzik, “A profile of women on
part-time schedules." Monthly Labor Review. October 1978, pp. 3-12.

*The question asked is “What is the main reason that . . . worked
at more than one job?" That question was also asked in May 1969,
but only five reasons were tabulated at that time. Since May 1974,
eight reasons have been tabulated, thus, the earlier data are not strict-
ly comparable with the 1974-79 tables.


MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW May 1980 e Special Labor Force Reports--Summaries

Table 3. Personal characteristics of persons with 2 jobs or more, May 1979
[Numbers in thousands),
Total Wen ‘Women
Characteristic Total Muttiple jobhoiders Tout ‘tiple jobhokdors Tow ‘Muttipte jobhokdera
‘employed | Number | “Percent | employed | number | Percent | employed | Humber | Percent

96,927 4728 49 56,410 aay 59 39917 1,407 35

‘3.118 120 38 1,755 59 34 1,363 60 44

4593 180 39 2429 107 44 2164 B 34

13,715 656 48 7481 362 5A 6204 274 44

25589 1.405, 55 15,158 976 64 10431 430 4a

18,747 1,066 57 10.969 730 12 a7 27 36

16229 805 50 9,795 613 63 6434 192 3.0

11,364 401 35 6968 319 48 4396 82 19

2974 cl at 1,855 ral 38 1116 20 WwW

“22,822 1,001 44 12974 572 44 9,848» 429 44

61,598 3199 52 39.098 2550 65 22,500 649 29

11,908 524 44 4398 195 45 7,569 928 43

85541 4390 51 50.656 3.087 61 34.885 1,904 37

9076 269 30 4,840 182 38 42a7 8 20

4604 150 32 2907 "1 38 474 39 22

percent of women stated “meeting regular expenses”
was the main reason for holding two er more jobs dur-
ing the survey week. (See table 4.) In 1974, 33 percent
of men and 30 percent of women cited this as their
main reason. However, among black women, about half
of those with more than one job gave the need to meet
regular expenses as their principal reason for moonlight-
ing, both in 1974 and 1979.

A larger proportion of men than women in May 1979
said “saving for the future” was their main reason for
‘holding more than one job. More older workers than
young ones offered “enjoying the work’”’on their second
jobs as the main reason. More younger workers said it
was “paying off debts.” The proportion of women
working a second job “to get experience” increased in

almost every age group during 1974-79.

Marital status, historically, has been a factor in the
decision to moonlight. The highest rates were exhibited
by married men, especially those with two children or
more. The lowest rates have been shown by married
women. However, in the 1969-79 period, rates for mar-
ried men declined and those for married women in-
creased by about one percentage point each. The rate
for widowed, divorced, and separated women rose from
3.5 to 4.3 percent. Single (never-married) women
showed an even larger increase in moonlighting during
the period, from 2.5 to 4.4 percent.

About two-thirds of multiple jobholders worked one
full-time and one part-time job. More than  three-
fourths of such persons were men. Nearly half of wom-

Table 4. Main reason for working at more than one job, by selected characteristics, May 1979
Ment | pay | Save | Get Hele Buy | Enby
‘Sex, marital status, and race Total | Tot | requir | off for | exper. tend ‘nn | ouges Other
Percent | expenses | debts / tute | “lence | restive | specei | Work
4724 | 1000 304 67 95 85 $9 83 182 13 113
3a17 | 1000 288 63 110 88 $6 78 194 rr nS
2580 | 1000 324 53 108 83 51 64 203 7 108
1407} 1000 343 7 59 ma 64 96 160 19 WA
68 | 100.0 59 49 62 73 14 114 209 25 134
3087 | 100.0 284 60 109 89 58 1 195 W né
4904 | 100.0 m4 73 60 74 66 98 170 18 109
BLACK AND OTHER?
230 | 1000 332 2 126 63 a 90 130 4 108
109 | 1000 466 126 49 29 49 68 39 39 136
"Data on reasans for working at more than one job by race are tabulated for “black and solves in the enumeration orocess to be athe: than white, At the time ol the 1970 Census of
cher," in contrast to black only. The black and other group includes those who idontfied them- Population, 89 percant of the black and other population group were black.



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_Explanatory Note

Estimates in this report are based on supplementary
quesiions in the May 1979 monthy survey of the labor
force conducted and tabulated for the Bureau of Labor

Statistics by the Bureau of the Census. The basic labor ~

force concepts, sample design, estimating methods, and
reliability of the data are described briefly in the
material which follows.’

Concepts

Population coverage. Each month trained interviewers
collect information from 2 sample of about 56,000 oc-
cupied households in 641 areas in 1,113 counties and in-
dependent cities with coverage in each of the 50 States
and the District of Columbia. Estimates in this report
noninstitutional population diving the © the
ending May 21, 1977. The civilian noninstitutional
population excludes all members of the Armed Forces
and inmates of institutions, such as homes for the aged
and correctional institutions. ‘

Employed. Employed persons are all those who during
the survey week (a) did any work at all as paid

- employees or in their own business or profession, or on
their own farm, or worked 15 hours or more as unpaid
workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the
family or (b) did not work. but had jobs or businesses
from which they were temporarily absent because of il-
Iness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management
dispute, or personal reasons, whether they were paid by
their employers fo: “thet time off or were seeking other
jobs. moa.

Occupation, industry, and class of worker. The data on
occupation, industry, and class of worker refer to the
primary and secondary jobs held during the survey
week. The primary job of a person employed at two
jobs or more is the job at which the greatest number of
hours were worked during the week.

The occupation and industry categories used here are
those used in the 1970 Census Population. The class-of-
workers breakdown specified ‘‘wage and . salary

' For a more complete description of the methodology, see Concepts and
Methods Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey (BLS Report 463). 7

workers,’” ‘‘self-employed workers,” and ‘‘unpaid
family workers.’’ Wage and salary workers are persons
working for wages, salary, commission, tips, payment
in kind, or at piece rates for a private employer or any
government unit. Self-employed workers are person
working on their own unincorporated business, profes-
sion, or trade, or operating a farm, for profit or fees.
Unpaid family workers are persons working without
pay on a farm or in a business operated by a member of.
the household to whom they are related by blood or
marriage. .
Multiple jobholders. For purposes of this survey, 2
multiple jobholder is an employed person who, during
the survey week, (1) had a job as a wage or salary
worker with two employers or more, (2) was -self-
employed and also held a wage or salary job, or (3) as an
unpaid family worked worker but also had a secondary
wage or salary job. A person employed only in private
household (as a maid, laundress, gardener, babysitter,
etc.) who worked for two employers or more during the
survey week was not counted as a multiple jobholder.

Working for several employers was considered an in-
herent characteristic of private household work rather
than an indication of multiple jobholding. Also exclud-
ed were self-employed persons with additional farms or
businesses and persons, with any additional jobs as un-
paid family workers. The primary job is the one at
which the greatest number of hours were worked.

Hours of work. The statistics on hours of work are for
the acutal number of hours worked during the survey
week. For persons working in more than one job, infor-
mation was obtained in this special study on hours
worked on the primary job and on the secondary job.

The total number of hours worked was obtained by
adding hours reported separately for the primary job
and the secondary job, rather than using the respon-
dent’s answer to total hours worked.

Full-time and part-time jobs. Full-time jobs are those at
which persons worked 35 hours or more during the
survey week, and part-time jobs are those at which per-
sons worked | to 34 hours.

Earnings. Earnings on the primary job are the usual .
weekly money earnings (before deductions for taxes,

A-2 9


“ED 198 265

AUTHOR
TITLE

INSTITUTION
PUB DATE

NOTE

AVAILABLE FRCH
JOURNAL CIT

EDES PRICE’
DESCRIPTORS

ABSTRACT

growing number of “moonlighters" in the work force:
workers held more than cne job during the survey week;

DOCUMENT RESOME
CE 027 631

Sekscenski, Edward S. _ .
Multiple Jobholders in May 1979. Women's Share of
Moonlighting Nearly Doubles During 1969-79. Special
Labor Force Report 239.

Bureau of Labor Statistics (DOL), Washington, D.C.
Jan 61
20p.3 Not
print.
0.S. Department of Lakor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Washington, DC 20212.
Monthly Lakor Review;

available in paper copy due to small

p36-39, A1-A11 May 1980

MFO1 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS.
Adults; Blacks: Career Education; *Employed Women;
*Employment Patterns; *Employment Statistics; Labor
Force; Males; *Multiple Employment; National Surveys:
Occupations: Whites .

Findings are presented from a May 1969 survey on the
(1) one’ in twenty
(2) three of

every ten multiple jobholders were women, nearly double the

fFrepcrtion of 1969;
about the same;
tapidly than that for white men; and (5)

(3) the number of men with multipie jobs remained
(4) the meonlighting rate for black men dropped nore
the rate for black women

remained stationary, while that for white women rose sharply. Other
findings include that public administration and agriculture and
services were groups of industries employing large proportions of
workers whe moonlighted: second jobs were largely in agriculture,
self-employment, and services; and farmers and farm managers and
‘professional and technical workers reported higher moonlighting
tates, These reasons for moonlighting are indicated: meeting regular
_ expenses, saving for future, enjoying the work, paying off debts,
getting experience. The following materials supplement the findings
summary: an explanatory note on the survey methodology and twelve
tables detailing personal characteristics, industry group and class

cf worker, cccupation(s), and hours worked.

(YLB)

SSID ao Daa OOo r iO bi i io iaiooa iin ini ii iota i gia dai dak a aii a ak aa ak a
* Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made

*

2A RC ke ake a ie fe i a eo a ae ek coke CE ak fe 2 ae 2k ie ofa AR eo ai kc ak eae i ae ake 2 ai aie ak a ae ae a a ac ae ak ae akc a 3

from the original document.


Table A. Personal characteristics of persons with 2 jobs or more, May 1979

(NUMBERS IN THOUSANDS)

. GpTH_SERES. T HEN. NOHEN
- . PERSONS WITH PERSONS WITH PERSONS WITH
: AGEs HARITAL STATUS, RACE, TOTAL 2 oBs TOTAL 2 JOBS: TOTAL 2 JOBS
AND ETHNIC ORIGIN EMe =08 HORE _ Eke OR HORE, EMe OR WORE _
PLOYED “TPERCENT] PLOYED [PERCENT | PLOYED PERCENT
= - nunseR | OF EX~ NuMBER “JoF EH NUMBER | OF EX~
PLOYED pLoveD PLOYED
AGE
TOTALs 16 YEARS OLD AND OVER « | 96+327} 4724! 56.910] 34317] 5.9 | 392917| 1,407]
16 ANO 17 YEARS . 120 14755 59 so
18 AND 19 YEARS 180 200291 107 i)
20 To 28 YEARS, 656] 7481] 382 27H
25 10 38 YEARS. 10405) 150188; 976 x
35 70 48 YEARS. a, 17066) 103969] 790 2771
45 To 54 YEARS. ted 05 613 49:
53 TO 64 YEARS. 2. pit 404] 19) 8
65 YEARS AND OVER FDTD DS 22D l] Beara a1 n 20)
MEDIAN AGE (YEARS). 5 eee eee] S406] S40] = 38.7 30.5]
MARITAL STATUS
SINGLES 6 ew ee ee ee ee ew «| 220822] 001] 464 | 12,974 9,048] gas] 448
MARRIED, "SPOUSE PRESENT 2. + +] 612598) 3199] 5.2 | 39,096, 6.3 | 220500] 649,209
OTHER MARITAL STATUS! 2244. 5] 11,908] S20] 4.4 | 4,339) a5 | “75091 329) 4.3
RACE AND ETHNIC ORIGIN _
WHITE Soe ee ee ee ew of 854541] 4390] 541 | 50,056] 34087] 6.1 | 34/885} 14300 347
LACK eee SESS 2] gs076| 269] 320 | sag] 182] 3. 44237) ae] 200
waspane, | DVD 2222222 o] asewe] aso) 312] 2907) an] 3 1741 cc
1 Includes widowed, divorced, and married, spouse absent.

Table B. Industry group and class of worker of secondary jub, by industry group and class of w-~rker of primary job,
for persons with 2 jobs or more, May 1979

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION)

i ECONDARY JOB
TGRTCULTURE ROWER {CULTURAL THOUSTATES
ARY WORKERS: pe SELF=
rora.! mace | seur~ HURUFRCYORTNG | YRANS=]”—— TRADE” FINANCE] —SERVTEE 7 ——puatie——EwpLov=
INDUSTRY GROUP AND CL&SS AND | EHPLOY~; PORTA INSUR= JADMINISTRATION EO
OF WORKER OF PRIMARY JOB SALARY £0 TOTAL! CON TION ‘ANCES T ——RORKERS:
WORKERS | WORKERS; jSTRUC= NON] AND | WHOLE «| AND | EDUCA| hE
[rion JOURABLE [OURABLE|PUBLIC] SALE |RETAIL) REAL | TIONAL|OTHER|FEDERAL ai
so00s | eoo0s Juritis ESTATE Loca
Tes
ALL PERSONS HITH
2 JOBS OR MORE. . 2 4 « | 100.0 3a 12.3 | 63.4 2.2 aa 1.5 | 16.5
sonzeucrure + | 190.0] 13.3 | ages | 6707 aa ana] 53} 1908
WAGE AND SALARY WORKERS; |. | 100:0/ 15:2 | 3727 | Ses ae : 2] it
SELF*EMPLOYED WORKERS, + | 100.0) 33.2 CO) | 36. 2 14.5 98 be5
NONAGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIET! | 100.0 2.6 22 Hel 4.3 | 1668
WAGE AND SALARY WFeWERS! —, | 10060 2.6 2.2 37 Ae | 16.9
+ CONSTRUCTION... i] tooto] 524 36 Le] ta | “els
Ha URALe oao3s we «+ | 100.0 362 Bo 209 05 | 1304
DURABLE GO + | 100.0 268 5.7 2.8 oT | Ade
(ONDURABLE 0608 « | 10060) crs 16 3.2 02 | 1663
ANSESRTaTTo HAND
uri . + | 100.0 1.7 209 9.5 1360
mMolESace ano "RETAT | 100.0 2.7 3.0 ae 25.9
angus ALE, wwe + | 100.0 3.2 260 Bel 2463
TAIL . + | 100.0 26 3.3 468 26.3
pruamees inguiakcé,
REAL ESTATE . . + | 10040: 1.7 2el 1862
services 222222 | foarte 28 17
coueatr iu: we «+ | 100.0 168 QoL Abed
we «+ | 100.0. 1.9 364 1564
multe ADMINIS TRATE + | 10060 266 sa 22.5
AL, wg et + | 100 366 32 2420
Ean 2 | toore} 2t0 a3 217
SELFSEMPLOVED wonKERS! «+ | 100, 39 A265 1562
1 Includes wage and salary workers in mining, not shown sepsrately. ) Self-employed persons with a secondary f=7m or busine
Includes unpaid tamily workers, net shown ‘separately. wage oF salary job, were not counted av multiple jobhelde



Table A-1, Standard errors of estimated numbers

a (68 chances out of 100; in thousands)

Size of Standard error -
estimates of ostimate

Table A-2. Standard errors of estimated percentages . . ~

’ (68 chances out of 100)

_ ' Base of estimated percentage (thousands)
Estimated percent

. 190 250 S00 1,000 2,500 -| 5,000 | 10,000 | 25,000 | 50,000 | 75,060

. of 13° 0.8 06 0.4 0.3 2 01 01 01 G1
20r98 ee we] 1.9! 1.2 8 & A 3 2 a a 1
Sor 95 . «| 29 1.9 13° Bo] & 4 3 2 a a
10 or 90 ween | 40 26 18 1.3 a: & 4 3 2 1
15 of 85 wees «| 48 3.0 22 15 1.0 a7 5 3 2 a
20 or 80 . -| 54 3.4 24 Ww Ww 8 5 3 2 a
25 or 75 oa . | 58 37 26 18 1.2 8 & 4 3 2
35 or 65 wees . | 64 41 29 2.0 1.3 9 & 4 3 2
BOL. ee eee eee weeeee | 67 43; 3.0 21 14 1.0 7 A 3 2

lj

A4



Appendix

The report contains, in addition to the article from the May 1980 issue of the Monthly Labor Review, the
following material:

— Page
Explanatory note 2.0.0.0... cece eee e eee ence eee teen en eet nent eee Doce cece tees ee eeeeneneenenes A-2
Supplementary tables:

A. Personal characteristics of persons with 2 jobs or more, May 1979
B.. Industry group and class of worker of secondary job, by industry group and class of worker

of primary job, for persons with 2 jobs or more, May 1979 ......... cece eect eee ene e eee nes A-5
C. Industry group and class of worker of primary and secondary jobs, for persons with 2 jobs

or more, by sex, May 1979 .. 0... ccc ee eee eter e enn tence ee ttre een enn e ean nn ees beeen eee A-6
D. Occupation of primary and secondary jobs for persons with two jobs or more, by sex, May 1979 ........ A-7

E. Occupation and class of worker of primary and secondary jobs, for persons with 2 jobs or
_.. More, May 1979 .
“F. Major occupation group of secondary job, for major occupation group of primary job, ‘for

persons with 2 jobs or more, May 1979........ Peek eee een ene ence ene eee nt ene beeen eee A-8
G. Total hours worked, by industry and class of worker of primary job, for persons at work .
at 2 jobs or more, May 1979.0... cece cee e teeter e eet nee etn ene bene e een ene eee A-9

H. Hours worked at secondary job, by industry and class of worker of secondary job, for
persons at work at 2 jobs or more, May 1977
I. Hours worked at secondary job, by occupation of secondary jol
2 jobs or more, May 1979 oo... ccc cee cece ee eee ne eee EEE EEE EE EERE EEE EEE
J. Hours worked at secondary job, for persons at work at 2 job or + more, by age, sex, race,
and ethnic origin, May 1979 2.02... . cc ccc ccc eee eee eee reenter ene n eee tenet n eee A-10
K. Hours worked at primary job, for persons with 2 jobs or more, by industry and class of
worker of primary job, May 1979 2... ccc cece cece eee ene cern teen ee nee e eee n ene es A-ll
L. Hours worked at primary job, for persons with 2 jobs or more, by occupation group of +
- primary job, May 1979 ..... Sa |

a8

+>


Multiple jobholders in May 1979

Women’s share of moonlighting
nearly doubles during 1969-79

Special Labor Force Report shows 1.4
million women and 3.3 million men were
multiple jobholders in May 1979

EDWARD S. SEKSCENSKI

Nearly 1 in 20 workers held more than one job during
the survey week in May 1979. Since May 1969, despite
some fluctuations, the number of “moonlighters” has
grown at about the same rate as the total work force;
by May 1979, about 4.7 million persons held more than
one job.' The most striking change in the moonlighting
work force during the decade is the proportion of wom-
en in its ranks. About 3 of every 10 multiple jobholders
in May 1979 were women, nearly double the proportion
of 10 years earlier. (See table 1.)

Multiple jobholders are persons who were: wage or
salary workers with more than one employer, self-
employed but also held a wage and salary job, or un-
Paid family workers on their primary jobs but also held
wage and salary jobs.? The primary job is the one where
the greatest number of hours was worked. .

Patterns by sex and race : oe

In May 1969, about 658,000 women held more than
one job, representing 16 percent of all moonlighters. By
May 1979, moonlighting women numbered 1.4 million,
accounting for 30 percent. However, the number of men
with multiple jobs remained about 3.3 million. These
changes are consistent with the increased proportion of
women in the total work force, many of whom are the
Primary earners in their families.’ Further, the growth in
the number of multi-earner families may have dimin-
ished the economic incentive for some husbands to-hold
more than one job.

Edward S. Sekscenski is an economist in the Office of Current Em-
ployment Analysis, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

36

Reprinted from May 1980
Monthly Labor Review
with supplementary tables

4

While the reported incidence of multiple jobholding
has long been lower for black than fo: white workers,
the difference has grown considerably in recent years.
The moonlighting rate for black men has dropped more
rapidly than that for white men. The rate for black
women has remained largely stationary, while that for
white women has risen sharply.

Between 1969 and 1979, the reported incidence of
moonlighting among black men dropped from 6.1 to
3.8 percent, while the rate for white men declined from
7.0 to 6.1 percent. During the same period, the rate for
black women edged down, froTM 2.2 to 2.0 percent, but
the rate for white women inci ased from 2.3 to 3.7 per-
cent. However, although black women were less likely
than white women to hold more than one .job, they
were more likely to work full-time on at least one job.4

Industry and occupation

Groups of industries employing large proportions of
workers who also moonlighted during May 1979 includ-
ed public administration, 7.6 percent, and agriculture
and services, 6.1 percent each. Within these groups, the
specific industries with the highest proportions of
moonlighters were State and local administration, 9.3
Percent; education, 8.2 percent; and entertainment and
recreation, 7.3 percent. (See tables 2 and 3.)----

About 15 percent of second jobs were in agriculture,
more than 4 times the percentage of primary jobs in the
industry. One-third of multiple jobholders, including
nearly two-fifths of the men, were self-employed in their
second jobs. The‘ proportion of moonlighters working
their secondary jobs in services, 30 percent, was slightly
higher than that for single jobholders.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics

FEB A 6 1981


Table E. Occupation and class of worker of primary and secondary jobs, for persons with
+2 Jobs or more, May 1979

{PERCENT DISTRIGUTION)
= a
‘WAGE AND SALARY] SELF WAGE AND SALARY | SELF—
IN PRIMARY JOB | EHPLOY- IN PRIMARY JOB |EHPLOY=
DIN ED IN
MAJOR OCCUPATION GROUP PRIMARY PRIMARY
. wace | seur | Joa, ace | seure | sony
. ToTaL |_ AND [eHPLOY-| WAGE | TOTAL | AND EMPLOY] WAGE
SALARY | EO IN | AND saLaRY | ED IN | AND
IN SEC-| SECOND-| SALARY IN “SEC-| SECOND- |SALARY
‘onary |” ARY | IN SEC. ONDARY |, ARY [IN SEC
oat JOB | ONDARY. vo! goa {ONDARY
JOB JOB

ALL OCCUPATION, GROUPS
4e724] 2r02u) 14586) 514] 4,728] 24824) 14586] 314
100.0] 100.0] 100.0] 100.0| 100.0) 100.0 100.0} 100.0

PROFESSIONALs TECHNICALs AND KINOGED

MANAGERS AND AoNrhaSTRATORS, ExCePT
SALES WORKERS. oe
CLERICAL AND KINDRED WORKERS < -
GRAFT AND KINDRED MORKERS =
2 EXCEPT TRANSPORT 5 5

Buxcto ot
UUULL eS

1665
1

SRANSPORT EourPHeENT ‘OPERATIVES:
LASORERS, EXCEPT FARM. 3+ + =

SERVICE concen Pekeeer atinte

FARMERS" AND Fans Hatadenis! % |
ARH LABORERS AND SUPERVISORS. 5

29

15.6)
4.7

1 Includes a small number of par
workers on thelr primary job ard wage and.
secondary job.

ho are unpaid family
jary workers on thelr

Table F. Major occupation group of secondary job, by major occupation group of primary job, for persons with
2 jobs or more, May 1979

_IPERCENT DISTRIBUTION}

HASIOR OCCUPATION GROUP OF SEGONDARY —.
‘TRANS= ‘SERVICE
MAJOR OCCUPATION GROUP ALL CLERIC-| CRAFT |OPERA=| PORT LApane PRIVATE| WORKERSs| FARHERS| FARM
OF PRIMARY JOB OCcUPA~| SALES [AL AND AND | TIVES, | EQUIP MOUSE | EXCEPT AND |LABOR=
TION WORKERS| KINORED| KINDREO|EXCEPT | HENT exces MOLD [PRIVATE | FARH [ERS AND
GROUPS WORKERS| WORKERS }TRANS~ | OPERA~ WORKERS|HOUSE= | MANAG- | SUPER=
PORT | TIVES . SHOLO. ERS {VISORS
ALL OCCUPATION GROUPS .} 100.0 1009 be 365 3.5 S42 160 13.3 AL.7 208
PROFESSIONALS TECHNIC Ate
AND KINDREO WORKERS . 100.0 + 966 airs irs 1 1.3 263 7 Ss
MANAGERS ANO. ADHINISTRATORS,
T FARM 4 6 wo we 2] 100.0 18.0 7.7 55 1.8 364 28 02,
sales HORKERSS ee ww wo a} 10000 194 12.5 5.9 1.3 262 Se -
CLERICAL AND KINDRED
WORKERS «se ae a ee «| 100.0 15.9 26.7 260 Led 23 Bal
CRAFT AND KINORED WORKERS. -| 100.0 bel 3e2 25.8 47 2.9 5.7
OPERATIVES» EXCEPT
TRANSPORT ee eee a} 10060 10.6 48 10.6 10.5 43 4.2
TRANSPORT EQUIPHENT
OPERATIVES. 5 4 eee af 10060 rd 3.8 Sel Hed ce) 1.0
LABORERS, EXCEPT FARM. <<] 100.0 77 |. 3.2 | 13.0 | “O08 22.0 -
PRIVATE HQUSEHOLO WORKERS. ,| oy oy oy oy a a) aw
SERVICE WORKERS» P'
PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD +| 100.0 169 92 9.0 3.8 72 3.6
FARMERS AND. cane i anadens. | 100.0 5.5 Abe7 AL? cred 10.2 7 13.3
FARM LABORERS:
SUPERVISORS»... «| 100.0 eo| 24 a2| a9 Frey 3 447

+ Percent not shown where base is less than 75, 000.

15


Table t. Hours worked at secondary job, by occupation of secondary Job, for persons at
work at 2 jobs or more, May 1979

(PERCENT OISTRIBUTION)
TOTAL | HOURS "WORKED AT SECONDARY JOB
: ar "
AOR OCCUPATION GROUP WORK H
OF SECONDARY J aT 2 1 A 15 2 35
ous oR} 10 10 10 To ‘on | MEDIAN
MORE 7 4 an 4 MORE HOURS
TOTALe eee eee eee eee eens 3
BRORESSIONALs TECHNICALs AND KINDRED WORKERS. 10
INAGERS AND ADMINISTRATORS, EXCEPT FARMs « « as
Saues. LT 12
CLERICAL AND is 42
CRAFT AND. RINDagD WORKERS . see 4
OPERATIVES, EXCEPT TRANSPORT. . « wee 15
TRANSPORT EQUEBHENT OPERATIVES. <2. + 2 18
areas a
stavice SORRERSS inetd phate” HOUSEHOLD. 12
FARMERS AND FARM MANAGERS . . eee 16
FARM LABORERS ANO SUPERVISORS ee es 1s
Table J. Hours worked at secondary job, for perso:is at work at 2 jobs or more,
by age, sex, race, and ethnic origin, May 1979
(PERCENT DJSTRISUTION)
* TOTAL HOURS WORKED _AY-SECONOARY 08
T
AGEs SEXs RACE» AND WORK
ETHNIC ORIGIN AT 2 L 8 15 2 3
Jobs on} 10 To 10 on | Meoran
MORE 2 18 2 38] one | “Houa’s
BOTH SEXES
TOTALs 16 YEARS OLO AND OVER . « ALD 65 a3
WHITE 2 we te ee ee ee ee eee Abs bed 32
BLACK s wee ee ee ee ee ee 8.0 16
Hispanics SSDS bt 1001 3
16 TO 24 YEARS. eee we . 3-6 12
16 TO 19 YEARS, 2.5 .
20 TO 24 YEARS. Hee 13
25 TO 34 YEARS, 64 12
35 To 94 YEARS, 8.2 ry
45 TO 54 YEARS. 8.8 13
‘55 YEARS ANO OVER 466 12
55 TO 6% YEARS. 5.0 12
65 YEARS AND OVER 3:0 rts
MEN
TOTAL» 16 YEARS OLD AND OVER « «| 100.0 | 23.3 2966 2662 1 a3
WHITE 2 oe ee ee ee ee ee ee | 10000 | 23.4 ‘30.2 25.7 768 is
BLACK ww eee eee ee +} 100.0 | 22.7 21.9 29.5 866 Boy
MispaNiCs Pe ST Tt f ttf wooo] 19.2] dou] 2x0 at 12
WOMEN
TOTAL, 16 YEARS OLD AND OVER « | 100.0 24.7 3.2 a
+ | 100.0 24.6 267 in
+t} 100;0 29:7 68 16
ee a mom ras) oy

1 percent and median not shown where ba:
75,000,

17

A-10



Unless identified as copyrighted, articles and tabulations in this publication are in the public domain and may be
reproduced without permission of the Federal Government. Please credit the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Following is a list of Special Labor Force Reports which have been published in the Month’y Labor Review since
March 1975, Copies may be obtained, while the supply lasts, uper request to the Bureau of Labor Statistics or to
any of its regional offices.

Number

190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
2u1
» 212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238

Women Who Head Families: A socioeconomic Analysis, March 1975

Students, Graduates, and Dropouts in the Labor Market, October 1975

Work Experience of the Population, 1975

Educational Attainment of Workers, March 1976

Multiple Jobholders, May 1976

Weekly and Hourly Earnings Data from the Current Population. Survey, May 1967-May 1976
Long Hours and Premium Pay, May 1976

New Labor Force Projections to 1990

The Labor Force Patterns of Divorced and Separated Women, March 1975

Employment and Unemployment in 1976

Students, Graduates, and Dropouts in the Labor Market, October 1976

Work Experience of the Population, 1976

The Extent of Job Search by Employed Workers, May 1976

Year-Round Full-Time Earnings in 1975

Going Back to School at 35 and Over, October 1976

Children of Working Mothers, March 1976

Marital and Family Characteristics of the Labor Force in March 1976

Absence from Work—Measuring the Hours Lost, May 1973-76

Labor Force Trends: A Synthesis and Analysis; and a Bibliography, October 1977
Educational Attainment of Workers, March 1977

Job Search of the Unemployed, May 1976

Multiple Jobholders in May 1977

Employment and Unemployment Trends During 1977

Women Who Head Families: A socioeconomic Analysis, March 1977

Long Hours and Premium Pay, May 1977

Students, Graduates, and Dropouts in the Labor Market, October 1977

Marital and Family Characteristics of Workers, March 1977

Children of Working Mothers, March 1977

Employment and Unemployment During 1978: An Analysis

Marital and Family Characteristics of Workers, 1970-78

Divorced and Separated Women in the Labor Force—An Update, October 1978

Multiple Jobholders in May 1978

Job Search of Recipients of Unemployment Insurance, February 1979

Students, Graduates, and Dropouts in the Labor Market, October 1978

Work Experience of the Population in 1977

Educational Attainment of Workers—Some Trends from 1973 to 1978

Long Hours and Premium Pay, May 1978

Back to School at 35 and Overy October 1978

Labor Force Patterns of Single Women, August 1979

Absent Workers and Lost Hours, May 1978

Median Earnings in 1977 Reported for Year-round Full-time Workers, June 1979
Occupational Mobility During 1977 .

Workers on Late Shift in a Changing Exonomy -

Young Workers and Families: A Special Section

Employment and Unemployment During 1978: An Analysis

Job Tenure Declines as Work Force Changes
Work of Experience of the Population in 1978
Marital and Family Characteristics of the Labor Force, March 1979
Percent Working Long Hours Show First Post-Recession Decline

3


x

Multiple Jobhoiders in May 1979 }

Specia! Labor
_ Force Report 229

U.S, Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics

January 1987

£D198265

KOA LESS

U.S. DE PARTMENT OF HEALTH,
EDUCATION & WELFARE
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF

EDUCATION

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO-
DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM
THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN:
ATING 1T. POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS
STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE-
SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY


“Table C. Industry group and class-of worker of primary and secondary jobs, for persons with 2 jobs or more,

by sex, May 1979

{NUMBERS IN THOUSANDS)

INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER ~

PERSONS WITH @ JOBS OR HORE
Men

PERCENT
loistRiaUTION oF|

PERCENT
OLSTRIBUTION OF

PERCENT
DISTRIBUTION OF] |

ALL INDUSTRIES, 61. eee

MGRTCULTURE at .

Sat RRERS.
SELEMENPLOYED WORKERS.

UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS, . 5

NONAGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES
WAGE, ANO SALARY WORKERS,
ry

RI
TRANSPORTATION AND

. ES ee eee

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE ,
WHOLESALE ae sw es

rangi induRaiicd, “ato "Real

SERVICES .
PRIVATE MOUSENOLD, >
BUSINESS AND REPAIR. «
PROFESSIONAL” SERVICES,

EDUCATION +
ALL OTHER SERVICES > >

PUBLIC AOMINISTRATION.
POS

23
Fi
fy
a
?

STATE aND LOCAL:

SELF-EMPLOYED WORKERS.
UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS. 5 5

segeeee
se Beene
se Beene

NOWDER
INDUS
‘TRY OF
PRIMARY
Joa
[42728
. 203
78
108
4 16
os} dos2n
45307
38
275
aos
539
308
«| 3s
. 752
: 165
i 586
: 233
a} teugo
: 4
: az.
tf] 659
. 375
: ant
+ 393
: 35
: 17
: 261
. 206
8

PRIMARY! SECOND
Joa [aR

Y JOB

1 Persona whoss only extea job was as an unpaid family viorkera were not counted

as multiple Jobholders.



Table G. Total hours worked, by industry and class of worker of primary job,
for persons at work at 2 jobs or more, May 1979

(PERCENT DISTRIBUTION?

Tora TOTAL HOURS WORKED
INOUSTAY AND CLASS OF WORKER OF WORK
RIKARY JOB T 2 1 bry a ao 33 60
lyoes or} To To To To To R
wore | 34 40 48 59 59_| more

ALL INDUSTRIES: wee eee ee

~ AGRICULTURE! .
WAGE AND SALARY WORKERS.
SELF-EMPLOYED WORKERS...

NONAGRECULTURAL INDUSTRIES =
AGE AND SALARY WORKERS?
CONSTRUCTION se eee ©
MANUFACTURING,

MMOLESALE AND neTAIL TRADE»
HOLES

MED ee sees

ERV ICI eran

puBLie abWINiSTAAtION, SLD DDG 00%
WM st tices tists
SELFSEAPLOVED AND UNPAIO FaRICY’ WORKERS: |

Estate.

3 includes «small number of unpald family worke

shown

epi
Percent aot shown where base ts lese than 75,000,

Table H. Hours worked at secondary job, by Industry and class of worker
of secondary job, for persons at work at 2 jobs or more, May 1979

(PERCENT DISTRIBUTION?

TOTAL HOURS WORKED-AT- SECONDARY JOS
T
INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER OF ORK
SECONDARY JOB 72 rt 15 22 35
Jobs oR} TO TO To To MEDIAN
MORE. 7 44 2 34 | WoRE | HOURS
ALL INDUSTRIES, © ee ee ee ee ee 3
AGRICULTURE wee 15
WAGE ANO SALARY awsniek ct
SELFeEMPLOYED ¥ : te
womigercuTunae. Inoustaies 32
WAGE AND SALARY WORKERS? re
: 15
Diets a5
NONOURABLE GOODS «se ew ws gee aay
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC "UTILITIES. «6 a2
MROLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE. ws. 1 + 2
ESMLED ee ee eet 4
dot tetpsee te 18
FINANCE, INSURANCE, “AND REAL ESTATE. + ¢ aL
SERVICES «we se eee eee eee AL
PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD. 2 SL tt ee ee «
BUSINESS AND REPAIR. : wo.
EDUCATIONAL SERVICES 9
Vv rt
AL
H wm
24.2 10
30.4 | 22.5 | 98} 5.6 aL

jamal number of warkers in mining,
tel

16

Ag

Percent and median hours not shown where base

ta tenn SEES Gok