II 

109TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 1274 

To strengthen Federal leadership, provide grants, enhance outreach and guidance, and provide other support to State and local officials to achieve 

communications interoperability, to foster improved regional collaboration 

and coordination, to promote more efficient utilization of funding devoted 

to public safety communications, to promote research and development 

for first responder communications, and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

JUNE 21, 2005 

Mr. LIEBERMAN (for himself, Ms. COLLINS, Mr. LEVIN, and Mr. AKAKA) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs 

A BILL 

To strengthen Federal leadership, provide grants, enhance 

outreach and guidance, and provide other support to 

State and local officials to achieve communications interoperability, to foster improved regional collaboration and 

coordination, to promote more efficient utilization of 

funding devoted to public safety communications, to promote research and development for first responder communications, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
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1 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

2 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Improve Interoperable 

3 Communications for First Responders Act of 2005’’. 

4 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

5 Congress finds the following: 

6 (1) A major barrier to sharing information 

7 among police, firefighters, and others who may be 

8 called on to respond to terrorist attacks and other 

9 large-scale emergencies is the lack of interoperable 

10 communications systems, which can enable public 

11 safety agencies to talk to one another and share im12 portant, sometimes critical, information in an emer13 gency. 

14 (2) Communications interoperability has been 

15 identified by the Department of Homeland Security 

16 as 1 of the most essential capabilities necessary for 

17 first responders to achieve the national preparedness 

18 goal the Department of Homeland Security has es19 tablished for the Nation. 

20 (3) The lack of interoperability costs lives dur21 ing terrorist attacks or natural disasters, but also 

22 during everyday emergency operations. 

23 (4) Achieving interoperability is difficult be24 cause some 50,000 local agencies typically make 

25 independent decisions about communications sys26 tems. This lack of coordination also dramatically in-
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1 creases the cost of public safety communications to 

2 Federal, State, local, and tribal governments. 

3 (5) Achieving the level of communications inter4 operability that is needed will require an unprece5 dented level of coordination and cooperation among 

6 Federal, State, local, and tribal public safety agen7 cies. Establishing multidisciplinary, cross-jurisdic8 tional governance structures to achieve the necessary 

9 level of collaboration is essential to accomplishing 

10 this goal. 

11 (6) The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Pre12 vention Act of 2004 requires the Secretary of Home13 land Security, in consultation with other Federal of14 ficials, to establish a program to ensure public safety 

15 interoperable communications at all levels of govern16 ment. 

17 (7) However, much more remains to be done. 

18 For example, in January 2005, the National Gov19 ernors Association reported that while achieving 

20 interoperability ranked as the top priority for States, 

21 obtaining the equipment and technology to fulfill 

22 this goal remains a challenge. The large majority of 

23 States report that they have not yet achieved inter24 operability in their States. 
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1 (8) Over 70 percent of public safety commu2 nications equipment is still analog, rather than dig3 ital. In fact, much of the communications equipment 

4 used by emergency responders is outdated and in5 compatible, which inhibits communication between 

6 State and local governments and between neigh7 boring local jurisdictions. Additional grant funding 

8 would facilitate the acquisition of new technology to 

9 enable interoperability. 

10 (9) Stronger and more effective national, state11 wide, and regional leadership are required to im12 prove interoperability. The Department of Homeland 

13 Security must provide national leadership by con14 ducting nationwide outreach to each State, fostering 

15 the development of regional leadership, and pro16 viding substantial technical assistance to State, 

17 local, and tribal public safety officials, while more ef18 fectively utilizing grant programs that fund inter19 operable equipment and systems. 

20 (10) The Department of Homeland Security 

21 must implement pilot programs and fund and con22 duct research to develop and promote adoption of 

23 next-generation solutions for public safety commu24 nications. The Department of Homeland Security 

25 must also further develop its own internal expertise 
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1 to enable it to better lead national interoperability 

2 efforts and to provide technically sound advice to 

3 State and local officials. 

4 (11) Achieving interoperability requires the sus5 tained commitment of substantial resources. A non6 partisan task force of the Council on Foreign Rela7 tions recommended spending at least 

8 $6,800,000,000 over 5 years towards achieving 

9 interoperability. The Department of Homeland Secu10 rity has estimated the cost of modernizing first-re11 sponder equipment for the 2,500,000 public safety 

12 first responders across the country at 

13 $40,000,000,000. 

14 (12) Communications interoperability can be 

15 accomplished at a much lower cost if strong national 

16 leadership drives cooperation and adoption of smart, 

17 new technology solutions. 

18 SEC. 3. OFFICE FOR INTEROPERABILITY AND COMPAT19 IBILITY. 

20 (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 7303(a)(2) of the Intel21 ligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (6 

22 U.S.C. 194(a)(2)) is amended to read as follows: 

23 ‘‘(2) OFFICE FOR INTEROPERABILITY AND COM24 PATIBILITY.— 
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1 ‘‘(A) ESTABLISHMENT OF OFFICE.—There 

2 is established an Office for Interoperability and 

3 Compatibility within the Directorate of Science 

4 and Technology of the Department of Home5 land Security to carry out this subsection. 

6 ‘‘(B) DIRECTOR.—There shall be a Direc7 tor of the Office for Interoperability and Com8 patibility, who shall be appointed by the Sec9 retary of Homeland Security. 

10 ‘‘(C) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The Director of 

11 the Office for Interoperability and Compatibility 

12 shall— 

13 ‘‘(i) assist the Secretary of Homeland 

14 Security in developing and implementing 

15 the program described in paragraph (1); 

16 ‘‘(ii) carry out the Department of 

17 Homeland Security’s responsibilities and 

18 authorities relating to the SAFECOM Pro19 gram; 

20 ‘‘(iii) carry out section 510 of the 

21 Homeland Security Act of 2002; and 

22 ‘‘(iv) conduct extensive, nationwide 

23 outreach and foster the development of 

24 interoperable communications systems by 

25 State, local, and tribal governments and 
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1 public safety agencies, and by regional con2 sortia thereof, by— 

3 ‘‘(I) developing, updating, and 

4 implementing a national strategy to 

5 achieve communications interoper6 ability, with goals and timetables; 

7 ‘‘(II) developing a national archi8 tecture, which defines the components 

9 of an interoperable system and how 

10 they fit together; 

11 ‘‘(III) establishing and maintain12 ing a task force that represents the 

13 broad customer base of State, local, 

14 and tribal public safety agencies, as 

15 well as Federal agencies, involved in 

16 public safety disciplines such as law 

17 enforcement, firefighting, public 

18 health, and disaster recovery, in order 

19 to receive input and coordinate efforts 

20 to achieve communications interoper21 ability; 

22 ‘‘(IV) working with the Office of 

23 Domestic Preparedness Interoperable 

24 Communication Communications 

25 Technical Assistance Program to— 
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1 ‘‘(aa) provide technical as2 sistance to State, local, and tribal 

3 officials; and 

4 ‘‘(bb) facilitate the creation 

5 of regional task forces in each 

6 State, with appropriate govern7 ance structures and representa8 tion from State, local, and tribal 

9 governments and public safety 

10 agencies and from the Federal 

11 Government, to effectively ad12 dress interoperability and other 

13 information-sharing needs; 

14 ‘‘(V) promoting a greater under15 standing of the importance of inter16 operability and the benefits of sharing 

17 resources among all levels of State, 

18 local, tribal, and Federal government; 

19 ‘‘(VI) promoting development of 

20 standard operating procedures for in21 cident response and facilitating the 

22 sharing of information on best prac23 tices (including from governments 

24 abroad) for achieving interoperability; 
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1 ‘‘(VII) making recommendations 

2 to Congress about any changes in 

3 Federal law necessary to remove bar4 riers to achieving communications 

5 interoperability; 

6 ‘‘(VIII) funding and conducting 

7 pilot programs, as necessary, in order 

8 to— 

9 ‘‘(aa) evaluate and validate 

10 new technology concepts in real11 world environments to achieve 

12 public safety communications 

13 interoperability; 

14 ‘‘(bb) encourage more effi15 cient use of existing resources, 

16 including equipment and spec17 trum; and 

18 ‘‘(cc) test and deploy public 

19 safety communications systems 

20 that are less prone to failure, 

21 support new non-voice services, 

22 consume less spectrum, and cost 

23 less; and 
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1 ‘‘(IX) performing other functions 

2 necessary to achieve communications 

3 interoperability. 

4 ‘‘(D) SUFFICIENCY OF RESOURCES.—The 

5 Secretary of Homeland Security shall provide 

6 the Office for Interoperability and Compatibility 

7 with the resources and staff necessary to carry 

8 out the purposes of this section. The Secretary 

9 shall further ensure that there is sufficient staff 

10 within the Office of Interoperability and Com11 patibility, the Office for Domestic Prepared12 ness, and other offices of the Department of 

13 Homeland Security as necessary, to provide 

14 dedicated support to public safety organizations 

15 consistent with the responsibilities set forth in 

16 subparagraph (C)(iv).’’. 

17 (b) DEFINITION.—Section 7303(g)(1) of the Intel18 ligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (6 

19 U.S.C. 194(g)(1)) is amended to read as follows: 

20 ‘‘(1) INTEROPERABLE COMMUNICATIONS AND

21 COMMUNICATIONS INTEROPERABILITY.—The terms 

22 ‘interoperable communications’ and ‘communications 

23 interoperability’ mean the ability of emergency re24 sponse providers and relevant Federal, State, and 

25 local government agencies to communicate with each 
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1 other as necessary, utilizing information technology 

2 systems and radio communications systems, and to 

3 exchange voice, data, or video with one another on 

4 demand, in real time, as necessary.’’. 

5 (c) Title III of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 

6 (6 U.S.C. 181 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end 

7 the following: 

8 ‘‘SEC. 314. INTEROPERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND REPORT. 

9 ‘‘(a) BASELINE ASSESSMENT.—The Secretary, acting 

10 through the Director of the Office for Interoperability and 

11 Compatibility, shall conduct a nationwide assessment to 

12 determine the degree to which communications interoper13 ability has been achieved to date and to ascertain the 

14 needs that remain for interoperability to be achieved. 

15 ‘‘(b) ANNUAL REPORTS.—Not later than 1 year after 

16 the date of enactment of this section, and annually there17 after, the Secretary, acting through the Director of the 

18 Office for Interoperability and Compatibility, shall submit 

19 to the Committee on Homeland Security and Govern20 mental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Home21 land Security of the House of Representatives a report on 

22 the Department’s progress in implementing and achieving 

23 the goals of the Improve Interoperable Communications 

24 for First Responders Act of 2005. The first report sub25 mitted under this subsection shall include a description of 
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1 the findings of the assessment conducted under subsection 

2 (a).’’. 

3 SEC. 4. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 

4 (a) IN GENERAL.—Title III of the Homeland Secu5 rity Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 181 et seq.), as amended by 

6 section 3, is amended by adding at the end the following: 

7 ‘‘SEC. 315. INTEROPERABILITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOP8 MENT. 

9 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish a 

10 comprehensive research and development program to pro11 mote communications interoperability among first re12 sponders, including by— 

13 ‘‘(1) promoting research on a competitive basis 

14 through the Directorate of Science and Technology 

15 Homeland Security Advanced Research Projects 

16 Agency; and 

17 ‘‘(2) considering establishment of a Center of 

18 Excellence under the Department of Homeland Se19 curity Centers of Excellence Program, using a com20 petitive process, focused on enhancing information 

21 and communications systems for first responders. 

22 ‘‘(b) PURPOSES.—The purposes of the program es23 tablished under subsection (a) include— 
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1 ‘‘(1) understanding the strengths and weak2 nesses of the diverse public safety communications 

3 systems currently in use; 

4 ‘‘(2) examining how current and emerging tech5 nology can make public safety organizations more ef6 fective, and how Federal, State, and local agencies 

7 can utilize this technology in a coherent and cost-ef8 fective manner; 

9 ‘‘(3) exploring Federal, State, and local policies 

10 that will move systematically towards long-term solu11 tions; 

12 ‘‘(4) evaluating and validating new technology 

13 concepts, and promoting the deployment of advanced 

14 public safety information technologies for interoper15 ability; and 

16 ‘‘(5) advancing the creation of a national strat17 egy to promote interoperability and efficient use of 

18 spectrum in communications systems, improve infor19 mation sharing across organizations, and use ad20 vanced information technology to increase the effec21 tiveness of first responders in valuable new ways.’’. 

22 (b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addi23 tion to the funds authorized to be appropriated by section 

24 7303(a)(3) of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Pre25 vention Act of 2004 (6 U.S.C. 194(a)(3)), there are au-
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1 thorized to be appropriated for the operations of the Office 

2 for Interoperability and Compatibility, to provide technical 

3 assistance through the office for Domestic Preparedness, 

4 to fund and conduct research under section 315 of the 

5 Homeland Security Act of 2002, and for other appropriate 

6 entities within the Department of Homeland Security to 

7 support the activities described in section 7303 of the In8 telligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 

9 (6 U.S.C. 194) and sections 314 and 315 of the Homeland 

10 Security Act of 2002, as added by this Act— 

11 (1) $127,232,000 for fiscal year 2006; 

12 (2) $126,549,000 for fiscal year 2007; 

13 (3) $125,845,000 for fiscal year 2008; 

14 (4) $125,121,000 for fiscal year 2009; and 

15 (5) such sums as are necessary for each fiscal 

16 year thereafter. 

17 SEC. 5. DEDICATED FUNDING TO ACHIEVE INTEROPER18 ABILITY. 

19 The Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 101 

20 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: 
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1 ‘‘TITLE XVIII—DEDICATED FUND2 ING TO ACHIEVE INTEROPER3 ABILITY. 

4 ‘‘SEC. 1801. INTEROPERABILITY GRANTS. 

5 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, through the Of6 fice, shall make grants to States and eligible regions for 

7 initiatives necessary to achieve short-term or long-term so8 lutions to statewide, regional, national and, where appro9 priate, international interoperability. 

10 ‘‘(b) USE OF GRANT FUNDS.—Grants awarded under 

11 subsection (a) may be used for initiatives to achieve short12 term or long-term solutions to interoperability within the 

13 State or region and to assist with any aspect of the com14 munication life cycle, including— 

15 ‘‘(1) statewide or regional communications 

16 planning; 

17 ‘‘(2) system design and engineering; 

18 ‘‘(3) procurement and installation of equipment; 

19 ‘‘(4) training and exercises; and 

20 ‘‘(5) other activities determined by the Sec21 retary to be integral to the achievement of commu22 nications interoperability. 

23 ‘‘(c) COORDINATION.—The Secretary shall ensure 

24 that the Office coordinates its activities with Office of 

25 Interoperability and Compatibility, the Directorate of 
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1 Science and Technology, and other Federal entities so that 

2 grants awarded under this section, and other grant pro3 grams related to homeland security, fulfill the purposes 

4 of this Act and facilitate the achievement of communica5 tions interoperability consistent with the national strategy. 

6 ‘‘(d) APPLICATION.— 

7 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A State or eligible region 

8 desiring a grant under this section shall submit an 

9 application at such time, in such manner, and ac10 companied by such information as the Secretary may 

11 reasonably require. 

12 ‘‘(2) MINIMUM CONTENTS.—At a minimum, 

13 each application submitted under paragraph (1) 

14 shall— 

15 ‘‘(A) identify the critical aspects of the 

16 communications life cycle, including planning, 

17 system design and engineering, procurement 

18 and installation, and training for which funding 

19 is requested; 

20 ‘‘(B) describe how— 

21 ‘‘(i) the proposed use of funds would 

22 be consistent with and address the goals in 

23 any applicable State homeland security 

24 plan, and, unless the Secretary determines 
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1 otherwise, are consistent with the national 

2 strategy and architecture; and 

3 ‘‘(ii) the applicant intends to spend 

4 funds under the grant, to administer such 

5 funds, and to allocate such funds among 

6 any participating local governments; and 

7 ‘‘(C) be consistent with the Interoperable 

8 Communications Plan required by section 

9 7303(f) of the Intelligence Reform and Ter10 rorism Prevention Act of 2004 (6 U.S.C. 

11 194(f)). 

12 ‘‘(e) STATE REVIEW AND SUBMISSION.— 

13 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—To ensure consistency with 

14 State homeland security plans, an eligible region ap15 plying for a grant under this section shall submit its 

16 application to each State within which any part of 

17 the eligible region is located for review before sub18 mission of such application to the Secretary. 

19 ‘‘(2) DEADLINE.—Not later than 30 days after 

20 receiving an application from an eligible region 

21 under paragraph (1), each such State shall transmit 

22 the application to the Secretary. 

23 ‘‘(3) STATE DISAGREEMENT.—If the Governor 

24 of any such State determines that a regional appli25 cation is inconsistent with the State homeland secu-
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1 rity plan of that State, or otherwise does not sup2 port the application, the Governor shall— 

3 ‘‘(A) notify the Secretary in writing of that 

4 fact; and 

5 ‘‘(B) provide an explanation of the reasons 

6 for not supporting the application at the time 

7 of transmission of the application. 

8 ‘‘(f) AWARD OF GRANTS.— 

9 ‘‘(1) CONSIDERATIONS.—In approving applica10 tions and awarding grants under this section, the 

11 Secretary shall consider— 

12 ‘‘(A) the nature of the threat to the State 

13 or eligible region; 

14 ‘‘(B) the location, risk, or vulnerability of 

15 critical infrastructure and key national assets, 

16 including the consequences from an attack on 

17 critical infrastructure in nearby jurisdictions; 

18 ‘‘(C) the size of the population, as well as 

19 the population density of the area, that will be 

20 served by the interoperable communications sys21 tems, except that the Secretary shall not estab22 lish a minimum population requirement that 

23 would disqualify from consideration an area 

24 that otherwise faces significant threats, 

25 vulnerabilities, or consequences; 
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1 ‘‘(D) the extent to which grants will be uti2 lized to implement interoperability solutions— 

3 ‘‘(i) consistent with the national strat4 egy and compatible with the national archi5 tecture; and 

6 ‘‘(ii) more efficient and cost effective 

7 than current approaches; 

8 ‘‘(E) the number of jurisdictions within re9 gions participating in the development of inter10 operable communications systems, including the 

11 extent to which the application includes all in12 corporated municipalities, counties, parishes, 

13 and tribal governments within the State or eli14 gible region, and their coordination with Fed15 eral and State agencies; 

16 ‘‘(F) the extent to which a grant would ex17 pedite the achievement of interoperability in the 

18 State or eligible region with Federal, State, and 

19 local agencies; 

20 ‘‘(G) the extent to which a State or eligible 

21 region, given its financial capability, dem22 onstrates its commitment to expeditiously 

23 achieving communications interoperability by 

24 supplementing Federal funds with non-Federal 

25 funds; 
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1 ‘‘(H) whether the State or eligible region is 

2 on or near an international border; 

3 ‘‘(I) the extent to which geographic bar4 riers pose unusual obstacles to achieving com5 munications interoperability; and 

6 ‘‘(J) the threats, vulnerabilities, and con7 sequences faced by the State or eligible region 

8 related to at-risk site or activities in nearby ju9 risdictions, including the need to respond to ter10 rorist attacks arising in those jurisdictions. 

11 ‘‘(2) REVIEW PANEL.— 

12 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 

13 establish a review panel under section 871(a) to 

14 assist in reviewing grant applications under this 

15 section. 

16 ‘‘(B) RECOMMENDATIONS.—The review 

17 panel established under subparagraph (A) shall 

18 make recommendations to the Secretary regard19 ing applications for grants under this section. 

20 ‘‘(C) MEMBERSHIP.—The review panel es21 tablished under subparagraph (A) shall include 

22 individuals with technical expertise in commu23 nications interoperability as well as emergency 

24 response providers and other relevant State and 

25 local officials. 
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1 ‘‘(3) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—Any grant 

2 funds awarded that may be used to support inter3 operability shall, as the Secretary may determine, re4 main available for up to 3 years, consistent with sec5 tion 7303(e) of the Intelligence Reform and Ter6 rorism Prevention Act of 2004 (6 U.S.C. 194(e)). 

7 ‘‘(4) ALLOCATION.— 

8 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In awarding grants 

9 under this subsection, the Secretary shall en10 sure that each State receives, for each fiscal 

11 year, the greater of— 

12 ‘‘(i) 0.55 percent of the amounts ap13 propriated for grants under this section; or 

14 ‘‘(ii) the eligible State’s sliding scale 

15 baseline allocation of 28.62 percent of the 

16 amounts appropriated for grants under 

17 this section. 

18 ‘‘(B) OTHER ENTITIES.—Notwithstanding 

19 subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall ensure 

20 that for each fiscal year— 

21 ‘‘(i) the District of Columbia receives 

22 0.55 percent of the amounts appropriated 

23 for grants under this section; 
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1 ‘‘(ii) the Commonwealth of Puerto 

2 Rico receives 0.35 percent of the amounts 

3 appropriated for grants under this section; 

4 ‘‘(iii) American Samoa, the Common5 wealth of the Northern Mariana islands, 

6 Guam, and the Virgin Islands each receive 

7 0.055 percent of the amounts appropriated 

8 for grants under this section; and 

9 ‘‘(C) POSSESSIONS.—Except as provided in 

10 subparagraph (B), no possession of the United 

11 States shall receive a baseline distribution 

12 under subparagraph (A). 

13 ‘‘(g) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section, the fol14 lowing definitions apply: 

15 ‘‘(1) ELIGIBLE REGION.—The term ‘eligible re16 gion’ means— 

17 ‘‘(A) 2 or more contiguous incorporated 

18 municipalities, counties, parishes, Indian tribes 

19 or other general purpose jurisdictions that— 

20 ‘‘(i) have joined together to enhance 

21 communications interoperability between 

22 first responders in those jurisdictions and 

23 with State and Federal officials; and 
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1 ‘‘(ii) includes the largest city in any 

2 metropolitan statistical area, as defined by 

3 the Office of Management and Budget; or 

4 ‘‘(B) any other area the Secretary deter5 mines to be consistent with the definition of a 

6 region in the national preparedness guidance 

7 issued under Homeland Security Presidential 

8 Directive 8. 

9 ‘‘(2) INTEROPERABLE COMMUNICATIONS AND

10 COMMUNICATIONS INTEROPERABILITY.—The terms 

11 ‘interoperable communications’ and ‘communications 

12 interoperability’ mean the ability of emergency re13 sponse providers and relevant Federal, State, and 

14 local government agencies to communicate with each 

15 other as necessary, utilizing information technology 

16 systems and radio communications systems, and to 

17 exchange voice, data, or video with one another on 

18 demand, in real time, as necessary. 

19 ‘‘(3) OFFICE.—The term ‘office’ refers to the 

20 Office of Domestic Preparedness of the Office of 

21 State and Local Government Preparedness and Co22 ordination within the Department of Homeland Se23 curity. 
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1 ‘‘(4) SLIDING SCALE BASELINE ALLOCATION.— 

2 The term ‘sliding scale baseline allocation’ means 

3 0.0001 multiplied by the sum of— 

4 ‘‘(A) the value of a State’s population rel5 ative to that of the most populous of the 50 

6 States of the United States, where the popu7 lation of such States has been normalized to a 

8 maximum value of 100; and 

‘‘(B) 1 9 ⁄4 of the value of a State’s popu10 lation density relative to that of the most dense11 ly populated of the 50 States of the United 

12 States, where the population density of such 

13 States has been normalized to a maximum 

14 value of 100 

15 ‘‘(h) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

16 are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the pur17 poses of this section— 

18 ‘‘(1) $400,000,000 for fiscal year 2006; 

19 ‘‘(2) $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; 

20 ‘‘(3) $600,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; 

21 ‘‘(4) $800,000,000 for fiscal year 2009; 

22 ‘‘(5) $1,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; and 

23 ‘‘(6) such sums as are necessary each fiscal 

24 year thereafter.’’. 
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1 SEC. 6. TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS. 

2 The table of contents in section 1(b) of the Homeland 

3 Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 101) is amended by— 

4 (1) inserting after the item relating to section 

5 313 the following:

‘‘Sec. 314. Interoperability assessment and report. 

‘‘Sec. 315. Interoperability research and development.’’;

6 (2) adding at the end the following:

‘‘TITLE XVIII—DEDICATED FUNDING TO ACHIEVE 

INTEROPERABILITY. 

‘‘Sec. 1801. Interoperability grants.’’.

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