II 

109TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 1383 

To seek urgent and essential institutional reform at the United Nations. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

JULY 12, 2005 

Mr. COLEMAN (for himself and Mr. LUGAR) introduced the following bill; 

which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 

A BILL 

To seek urgent and essential institutional reform at the 

United Nations. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘United Nations Man5 agement, Personnel, and Policy Reform Act of 2005’’. 

6 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

7 Congress makes the following findings: 

8 (1) An effective United Nations is in the inter9 ests of the United States. 
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1 (2) The United States Government must, in the 

2 interests of the United States, lead the United Na3 tions toward greater relevance and capability. 

4 (3) Member States of the United Nations are 

5 showing receptivity to needed reforms as a result of 

6 the urgency of new challenges facing the organiza7 tion and investigations into past failures of the 

8 United Nations, including the Oil-for-Food Pro9 gramme scandal and problems with United Nations 

10 peacekeeping and security operations. 

11 (4) The United Nations must transform and re12 invigorate itself in order to better prevent and end 

13 conflicts and build stable societies, anticipate and re14 spond to gross human rights violations (including 

15 genocide), prevent catastrophic terrorism and the 

16 proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and fa17 cilitate economic development and poverty reduction. 

18 (5) In order to address the demand that the 

19 mission of the United Nations shift from convener of 

20 meetings on these critical challenges to a coordinator 

21 of international action, from talk shop to a place of 

22 action, the United Nations must undertake institu23 tional reforms that ensure the effectiveness, integ24 rity, transparency, and accountability of the United 

25 Nations system. 
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1 (6) It is incumbent upon the United Nations to 

2 enact significant reform measures if it is to restore 

3 the public trust and confidence necessary for it to 

4 achieve the laudable goals set forth in the Charter 

5 of the United Nations. 

6 (7) A successful United States effort to further 

7 reform the United Nations will require bipartisan8 ship and the joint involvement of the executive and 

9 legislative branches of the United States Govern10 ment so that there is a unified United States posi11 tion toward the United Nations. 

12 (8) A February 2004 General Accounting Office 

13 (GAO) report entitled ‘‘United Nations: Reforms 

14 Progressing, but Comprehensive Assessments Need15 ed to Measure Impact’’ finds that the United Na16 tions has made some progress on a number of re17 form measures but still needs more accountable lead18 ership and improvements in key management prac19 tices. 

20 (9) The United Nations has issued three sepa21 rate reports addressing necessary reforms: 

22 (A) A report issued in December 2004 by 

23 the Secretary-General’s High Level Panel on 

24 Threats, Challenges and Change (on which 

25 Brent Scowcroft of the United States served) 
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1 entitled ‘‘A More Secure World: Our Shared 

2 Responsibility’’. 

3 (B) An analysis of the work of the High 

4 Level Panel in the report issued in March 2005 

5 by United Nations Secretary-General Kofi 

6 Annan entitled ‘‘In Larger Freedom: Towards 

7 Development, Security and Human Rights for 

8 All’’. 

9 (C) A draft outcome document report 

10 issued in June 2005 by United Nations General 

11 Assembly President Jean Ping of Gabon in 

12 preparation for the September 2005 General 

13 Assembly World Summit. 

14 (10) The June 2005 United States Institute of 

15 Peace report prepared by the Task Force on the 

16 United Nations chaired by former House Speaker 

17 Newt Gingrich and former Senate Majority Leader 

18 George Mitchell, entitled ‘‘American Interests and 

19 UN Reform’’, provides excellent recommendations 

20 for management and policy reform and should serve 

21 as a model for future bipartisan policy studies. 

22 SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON THE NEED FOR UNITED 

23 NATIONS REFORM. 

24 It is the sense of Congress that— 
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1 (1) the United Nations must develop the tools 

2 and institute the management techniques and pro3 curement procedures at the United Nations that 

4 modern governments and effective chief executive of5 ficers utilize to run efficient organizations; 

6 (2) the United Nations must develop a uni7 formly professional international civil service 

8 through transparent recruitment, strong manage9 ment oversight, and high professional and ethical 

10 standards enforced through performance review pro11 cedures and financial disclosure requirements; 

12 (3) the United Nations must establish budg13 eting procedures that are transparent and priority 

14 driven and performance based, and contributions 

15 from the United States and other Member States 

16 must be well managed so that the United Nations 

17 can meet the critical challenges ahead; 

18 (4) the United Nations must improve the capac19 ity of United Nations peacekeeping forces to perform 

20 dangerous missions by adopting measures that en21 sure discipline and personal integrity and by ensur22 ing that United Nations troops are provided the 

23 training and authority necessary to produce success24 ful outcomes; 
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1 (5) the United Nations must become an effec2 tive force for human rights improvement worldwide 

3 by reorienting and streamlining its human rights 

4 mechanisms so that the United Nations is willing 

5 and able to take action to improve the conduct of 

6 governments that abuse their people; and 

7 (6) the United Nations must strengthen the 

8 independence of the Office of Internal Oversight 

9 Services and its capacity to uncover waste, fraud, 

10 and abuse, and the United Nations must also pro11 tect whistleblowers and create a mechanism to over12 see and strengthen auditing of the organization and 

13 to track management and personnel reforms at the 

14 United Nations. 

15 SEC. 4. MANAGEMENT OF THE UNITED NATIONS. 

16 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find17 ings: 

18 (1) No single official is tasked with managing 

19 the daily operations of the United Nations. 

20 (2) The Senate Committee on Homeland Secu21 rity and Governmental Affairs Permanent Sub22 committee on Investigations found that the Govern23 ment of Iraq manipulated the United Nations Oil24 for-Food Programme in numerous ways, and that 

25 the United Nations’ management of the Programme 
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1 was plagued with corruption, conflicts of interest, 

2 and negligent oversight. The Subcommittee further 

3 found that the Programme suffered from extensive 

4 smuggling of Iraqi oil and other products, conflicts 

5 of interest in procurement and contracting by 

6 United Nations agents, billions of dollars in illegal 

7 revenue generated by the Hussein regime through 

8 kickbacks, and the diversion of humanitarian com9 modities away from their rightful recipients, the 

10 Iraqi people. 

11 (3) The findings of numerous investigations, in12 cluding that of the Independent Inquiry into the 

13 Iraq Oil-for-Food Programme headed by Paul 

14 Volcker, have made it clear that current systems for 

15 overseeing procurement and contracting, monitoring 

16 management performance, and preventing fraud and 

17 corruption at the United Nations are ineffective and 

18 must be strengthened. 

19 (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con20 gress that the United States should use its voice and vote 

21 at the United Nations to pursue meaningful management 

22 reform that includes actions by the United Nations— 

23 (1) to empower the Secretary-General to replace 

24 top officials in the United Nations Secretariat and 

25 recruit only the most highly qualified individuals to 
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1 fill those positions, with priority given to proven pro2 fessional excellence over geographic diversity; 

3 (2) to conduct an updated assessment, approved 

4 by the General Assembly, of the United Nations pro5 curement system, with the objective of establishing 

6 a comprehensive procurement system that incor7 porates standards commensurate with those used by 

8 modern governments and effective private sector 

9 companies; 

10 (3) to adopt procurement policies that embody 

11 high standards such as those contained in section 

12 104(a) of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 

13 (15 U.S.C. 78dd–2(a)), which prohibit persons from 

14 making or receiving payments, offering or receiving 

15 gifts, or exchanging other promises to secure an im16 proper advantage in winning competitive bids; 

17 (4) to name within the United Nations Secre18 tariat a single senior official position to be in charge 

19 of daily operations and to perform the role of chief 

20 operating officer; 

21 (5) to establish a Management Performance 

22 Board to ensure that senior officials are held ac23 countable for their actions and the results their 

24 units achieve; 
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1 (6) to provide representatives of each Member 

2 State on a timely basis, as requested, all relevant in3 formation regarding the expenditure of funds and 

4 the management and oversight of United Nations 

5 programs; 

6 (7) to ensure that the Security Council estab7 lishes a Sanctions Management Office with the re8 sponsibility for assisting and informing Security 

9 Council members on all aspects of the management, 

10 monitoring, and oversight of sanctions programs; 

11 (8) to revise the United Nations General As12 sembly committee structure to eliminate duplication 

13 and to reflect the substantive priorities of the United 

14 Nations; 

15 (9) to end the practice of secret voting on the 

16 United Nations Economic and Social Council; 

17 (10) to create an Office of Ethics, which shall 

18 be responsible for— 

19 (A) revising, overseeing, and enforcing a 

20 code of ethics for all United Nations employees; 

21 (B) providing education and annual train22 ing; 

23 (C) monitoring and serving as a repository 

24 for financial disclosure documents; and 
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1 (D) encouraging a culture of avoidance of 

2 actual or perceived conflicts of interest. 

3 SEC. 5. UNITED NATIONS PERSONNEL. 

4 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find5 ings: 

6 (1) The personnel system of the United Nations 

7 has accumulated a heavy load of staff who lack the 

8 skills or the motivation to perform their duties or 

9 whose duties are no longer necessary. 

10 (2) Some United Nations staff remain in the 

11 same job for years or decades and often resist being 

12 transferred, particularly if a transfer would mean 

13 leaving New York City or other desirable locations. 

14 (3) The Office of Human Resources Manage15 ment of the United Nations does not utilize basic 

16 standard management practices, and the existing 

17 performance appraisal system is ineffective. 

18 (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con19 gress that the United States should use its voice and vote 

20 at the United Nations to pursue meaningful personnel re21 form that includes actions by the United Nations— 

22 (1) to create a modern personnel system for 

23 evaluating performance, providing promotional op24 portunities for deserving employees, separating 
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1 unneeded and underperforming employees, and re2 cruiting only highly qualified employees; 

3 (2) to empower a reformed Office of Human 

4 Resources Management that employs techniques of 

5 modern personnel policies; 

6 (3) to institute a one-time severance program 

7 designed expressly to remove unneeded staff; 

8 (4) to require annual financial disclosure re9 ports to identify possible or apparent conflicts of in10 terest from any United Nations employee, consult11 ant, or independent expert whose duties and respon12 sibilities include contracting or procurement, man13 aging loans, grants, or programs, or evaluating or 

14 auditing any United Nations project, program, or 

15 entity; and 

16 (5) to affirm the authority and responsibility of 

17 the Secretary-General— 

18 (A) to waive immunity in criminal cases in19 volving United Nations personnel unless the 

20 Legal Advisor to the Secretary-General deter21 mines that justice is unlikely to be served in the 

22 country at issue; and 

23 (B) to seek reimbursement of legal fees in 

24 such cases only if the accused is cleared by ap25 propriate legal processes. 
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1 SEC. 6. UNITED NATIONS BUDGET. 

2 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find3 ings: 

4 (1) There is no systematic and consistent proce5 dure to prioritize the goals of the United Nations 

6 and to allocate resources to the highest priority pro7 grams and offices. 

8 (2) The United Nations does not systematically 

9 monitor and evaluate program performance to deter10 mine the relevance of programs for purposes of 

11 eliminating obsolete programs and shifting resources 

12 to priority programs. 

13 (3) The United Nations must foster a cost-con14 scious culture that could better allocate resources to 

15 high-priority undertakings. 

16 (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con17 gress that the United States should use its voice and vote 

18 at the United Nations to pursue meaningful budget reform 

19 that includes actions by the United Nations— 

20 (1) to evaluate existing programs and activities 

21 with the goal of terminating those that are no longer 

22 serving their original purpose or do not meet priority 

23 goals; 

24 (2) to establish sunset provisions for all new 

25 programs mandated by the General Assembly; 
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1 (3) to identify operational programs that can be 

2 made more effective through voluntary rather than 

3 assessed contributions; 

4 (4) to enforce the ‘‘5.6 rule’’, which requires 

5 the Secretariat to identify low-priority activities in 

6 the budget proposal, and to establish an additional 

7 requirement requiring— 

8 (A) the identification of the lowest priority 

9 activities equivalent in cost to 15 percent of the 

10 budget request; or 

11 (B) if no such identification is made, the 

12 mandatory implementation of an across-the13 board reduction of the budget equal to that 

14 amount; 

15 (5) to pursue a mechanism that would provide 

16 larger contributors greater influence in votes on 

17 budgetary matters without disenfranchising smaller 

18 contributors; 

19 (6) to base the biennial budget of the United 

20 Nations on performance-based budgeting and pro21 gram evaluation; 

22 (7) to require itemization by program, project, 

23 and activity of the annual budget for assessed con24 tributions; 
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1 (8) to establish effective controls to prevent 

2 conflicts of interest in the awarding of contracts; 

3 (9) to establish procedures and policies to en4 sure effective and comprehensive oversight and mon5 itoring of performance of United Nations contracts; 

6 (10) to ensure that the United Nations Office 

7 of Internal Oversight receives its budget resources 

8 through appropriations by the United Nations Gen9 eral Assembly and is not dependent upon any other 

10 bureau, division, department, or specialized agency 

11 of the United Nations for approving and providing 

12 such funding; and 

13 (11) to promote a culture of cost-consciousness 

14 at the United Nations and reduce costs through 

15 such measures as— 

16 (A) increasing the efficiency of the public 

17 information function of the United Nations 

18 through use of the Internet and the consolida19 tion of worldwide information centers; 

20 (B) expanding outsourcing and automation 

21 of translation services; and 

22 (C) reducing the frequency of conferences 

23 and international meetings. 
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1 SEC. 7. INDEPENDENT OVERSIGHT OF THE UNITED NA2 TIONS. 

3 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find4 ings: 

5 (1) The United Nations Secretariat does not 

6 conduct periodic, comprehensive assessments of the 

7 status, impact, and need for United Nations re8 forms. 

9 (2) The United Nations has not established suf10 ficiently systematic procedures for the receipt, reten11 tion, and treatment of confidential submissions from 

12 United Nations employees concerned about unethical 

13 practices, fraud, accounting discrepancies, or mis14 management. 

15 (3) The United Nations Oil-for-Food Pro16 gramme overtaxed the fragile oversight and account17 ability mechanisms of the United Nations, revealing 

18 significant flaws that urgently need to be addressed 

19 if confidence in the United Nations is to be restored. 

20 (4) The Oil-for-Food scandal has also created 

21 an opportunity for reform by conclusively dem22 onstrating to all Member States the need for a sig23 nificant strengthening of the United Nations over24 sight system. 

25 (5) The United Nations would benefit from the 

26 establishment of an independent oversight board 
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1 that has the authority and expertise to uncover 

2 weaknesses in the internal auditing and oversight 

3 procedures of the United Nations and to recommend 

4 ways in which they can be strengthened. 

5 (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con6 gress that the United States should use its voice and vote 

7 at the United Nations to pursue independent oversight of 

8 United Nations operations and reform that includes ac9 tions by the United Nations— 

10 (1) to strengthen whistleblower policies to the 

11 level of the highest emerging standards for national 

12 and international law, such as those provided for in 

13 the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (15 U.S.C. 7201 et 

14 seq.), and the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 

15 U.S.C. App.); 

16 (2) to provide both the resources and the au17 thority to the Office of Internal Oversight Services 

18 to carry out appropriate oversight of every activity 

19 that is managed by United Nations personnel, 

20 whether that activity is funded by the assessments 

21 of the United Nations General Assembly or by vol22 untary contributions; 

23 (3) to create an Independent Oversight Board 

24 that— 
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1 (A) is responsible for reviewing and pro2 viding advice on the audit plans of the Office of 

3 Internal Oversight Services and recommending 

4 the annual budget of the Office; 

5 (B) receives operational and budgetary 

6 funding through the General Assembly and is 

7 not dependent upon funding from any bureau, 

8 division, department, or specialized agency of 

9 the United Nations; 

10 (C) has the authority to audit all oper11 ations of the United Nations, including the op12 erations of the Office of Internal Oversight 

13 Services and the Board of External Auditors; 

14 (D) is responsible for providing annual re15 ports to the Secretary-General, the Security 

16 Council, and the General Assembly on its activi17 ties, observations, and recommendations related 

18 to audit operations, including information on 

19 audits and investigations conducted by the Of20 fice of Internal Oversight and the Board of Ex21 ternal Auditors; and 

22 (E) determines and submits to the General 

23 Assembly the budgets for the Office of Internal 

24 Oversight and the Board of External Auditors 
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1 independently of the regular United Nations 

2 budget process; and 

3 (4) to increase the independence of the Office 

4 of Internal Oversight Services, including by— 

5 (A) designating the Office as an inde6 pendent entity within the United Nations; 

7 (B) ensuring the independence of the Of8 fice from any budgetary or organizational au9 thority of any United Nations entity other than 

10 the Independent Oversight Board; 

11 (C) providing the operational and budg12 etary funding for the Office through the Gen13 eral Assembly and ensuring that the Office is 

14 not dependent upon funding from any bureau, 

15 division, department, or specialized agency of 

16 the United Nations; 

17 (D) providing the Office the authority to 

18 initiate and conduct investigations of any bu19 reau, division, department, specialized agency, 

20 official (including the Secretary General), em21 ployee, contractor, or consultant of the United 

22 Nations or any of its specialized agencies; and 

23 (E) requiring the Office to provide periodic 

24 reports to the Internal Oversight Board on the 
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1 audits, investigations, and other activities of the 

2 Office. 

3 SEC. 8. UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS. 

4 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find5 ings: 

6 (1) Between 1990 and 2005, the United Na7 tions Security Council, with the support of the 

8 United States, initiated more than 40 peacekeeping 

9 operations. 

10 (2) As of late March 2005, there were nearly 

11 70,000 international military and police forces serv12 ing in 17 United Nations peacekeeping missions, 

13 and the approved peacekeeping budget of the United 

14 Nations stood at nearly $4,000,000,000. 

15 (3) In many cases, peacekeeping has evolved 

16 into a complex mission to help remake societies 

17 emerging from conflicts where progress is uneven 

18 and outcomes are uncertain. 

19 (4) Current United Nations peacekeeping ef20 forts are bedeviled by both limited capacity and 

21 operational challenges. 

22 (5) United Nations peacekeeping operations 

23 have contributed greatly toward the promotion of 

24 peace and stability for the past 57 years and the 

25 majority of peacekeeping personnel who have served 
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1 under the United Nations flag have done so with 

2 honor and courage. Recently, however, the record of 

3 United Nations peacekeeping has been severely tar4 nished by operational failures and unconscionable 

5 acts of misconduct. 

6 (6) If the reputation of and confidence in 

7 United Nations peacekeeping operations is to be re8 stored, fundamental and far-reaching reforms, par9 ticularly in the areas of planning, management, 

10 training, conduct, and discipline, must be imple11 mented without delay. 

12 (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con13 gress that the United States should use its voice and vote 

14 at the United Nations to pursue meaningful peacekeeping 

15 reform that includes actions by the United Nations— 

16 (1) to strengthen and increase the efficiency of 

17 the Department of Peacekeeping Operations; 

18 (2) to develop doctrine and strategy for multi19 dimensional peace operations that thoroughly inte20 grates the security dimension with associated eco21 nomic and political development requirements; 

22 (3) to create a Peacebuilding Commission, a 

23 Peacebuilding Support Office, and a voluntary 

24 Peacebuilding Support Fund; and 
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1 (4) to reform its peacekeeping operations in the 

2 areas of planning, management, conduct, and dis3 cipline, including— 

4 (A) conducting a global audit and com5 prehensive review of peacekeeping mandates 

6 with a view toward right-sizing or even ending 

7 peacekeeping missions; 

8 (B) adopting a minimum standard of 

9 qualifications for senior leaders and managers 

10 of peacekeeping operations; 

11 (C) adopting a uniform code of conduct 

12 that applies equally to all personnel regardless 

13 of rank and an enforcement system that pro14 vides for temporary suspension of personnel 

15 pending the outcome of investigations and the 

16 punishment of those proven guilty; 

17 (D) establishing a permanent, professional, 

18 and independent investigative body under the 

19 Office of Internal Oversight Services dedicated 

20 to United Nations peacekeeping; 

21 (E) establishing a centralized database to 

22 track cases of misconduct; and 

23 (F) creating monitoring mechanisms, such 

24 as personnel conduct units, to be present within 

25 each mission to monitor compliance and report 
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1 to the head of mission, the Department of 

2 Peacekeeping Operations, and the Office of In3 ternal Oversight Services. 

4 SEC. 9. UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION 

5 AND DEMOCRACY PROMOTION. 

6 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find7 ings: 

8 (1) In 2005, 6 of the 53 countries sitting on 

9 the United Nations Human Rights Commission were 

10 listed by Freedom House as the world’s ‘‘worst of 

11 the worst’’ abusers of human rights. 

12 (2) The Human Rights Commission has been 

13 ineffective in monitoring, promoting, and enforcing 

14 internationally recognized human rights standards in 

15 Member States. 

16 (3) The international community has not been 

17 able to rely on the human rights mechanisms of the 

18 United Nations to anticipate, avert, or end genocide 

19 and mass killing. 

20 (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con21 gress that the United States should use its voice and vote 

22 at the United Nations to pursue meaningful reform of 

23 international human rights institutions that includes ac24 tions by the United Nations— 
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1 (1) to abolish the United Nations Human 

2 Rights Commission; 

3 (2) to create a Human Rights Council, com4 posed of Member States that commit themselves to 

5 upholding the values embodied in the Universal Dec6 laration of Human Rights, that has a mandate to 

7 focus its work on abuse of human rights in Member 

8 States; 

9 (3) to increase substantially the capacity of the 

10 Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, 

11 including by providing increased funding; 

12 (4) to strengthen the United Nations Democ13 racy Caucus; 

14 (5) to establish a Democracy Fund at the 

15 United Nations, to be administered by the United 

16 Nations Democracy Caucus, which shall consider 

17 and recommend proposals for funding; 

18 (6) to provide to the Security Council regular 

19 reporting by the High Commissioner for Human 

20 Rights and the Special Advisor for the Prevention of 

21 Genocide; 

22 (7) to make ineligible for membership in any 

23 United Nations human rights body a Member State 

24 that fails to uphold the values embodied in the Uni-
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1 versal Declaration of Human Rights and systemati2 cally violates the human rights of its own citizens; 

3 (8) to make ineligible for membership on any 

4 United Nations human rights body a Member State 

5 that is— 

6 (A) subject to sanctions by the Security 

7 Council; or 

8 (B) under a Security Council-mandated in9 vestigation for human rights abuses; and 

10 (9) to provide the Office of the United Nations 

11 High Commissioner for Human Rights increased re12 sources and greater influence in field operations ac13 tivities involving multiple United Nations activities, 

14 such as operations in Darfur, Sudan, and the Demo15 cratic Republic of the Congo. 

16 SEC. 10. UNITED NATIONS POLICY REFORM AND SPECIFIC 

17 COUNTRY ISSUES. 

18 It is the sense of Congress that the United States 

19 should use its voice and vote at the United Nations to 

20 pursue policy reforms and address specific country issues 

21 that include actions by the United Nations— 

22 (1) to adopt a definition of terrorism that 

23 builds upon the recommendations of the Secretary24 General’s High Level Panel on Threats, Challenges 
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1 and Change and negotiate a comprehensive conven2 tion on terrorism; 

3 (2) to recommend to the Western Europe and 

4 Others (WEOG) members that Israel be provided 

5 permanent membership in the regional grouping 

6 throughout the United Nations system; 

7 (3) to ensure that the United Nations Relief 

8 Works Agency establishes mechanisms to refrain 

9 from hiring on its staff members of terrorist organi10 zations, including Hamas; and 

11 (4) to ensure that the Secretary-General under12 takes a review of the role of nongovernmental orga13 nizations in the United Nations system, and to en14 courage the General Assembly, based on such review, 

15 to establish an updated United Nations policy on the 

16 participation, cooperation, and coordination of non17 governmental organizations in United Nations oper18 ations. 

19 SEC. 11. REPORTS ON UNITED NATIONS REFORM. 

20 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 270 days after the 

21 date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, 

22 the President shall submit to the appropriate congres23 sional committees a report on the extent to which the 

24 United Nations has made significant and measurable 
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1 progress toward meeting the reform requirements de2 scribed in this Act. 

3 (b) DETERMINATION REGARDING IMPLEMENTATION

4 OF REFORMS.—Each report submitted under subsection 

5 (a) shall include a determination by the President whether 

6 the United Nations is making sufficient progress to imple7 ment the reforms described in this Act. 

8 (c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE9 FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres10 sional committees’’ means the Committee on Foreign Re11 lations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Sen12 ate and the Committee on International Relations and the 

13 Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representa14 tives. 

15 SEC. 12. WITHHOLDING OF UNITED NATIONS CONTRIBU16 TIONS. 

17 (a) IN GENERAL.—The President is authorized to 

18 withhold 50 percent of United States contributions to the 

19 United Nations in a year if the President has determined 

20 in the most recent report submitted under section 11 that 

21 the United Nations is not making sufficient progress to 

22 implement the reforms described in this Act. 
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1 (b) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—Funds withheld 

2 under this section are authorized to remain available until 

3 expended. 

Æ