EPGAA meeting with EPA/NH

April 19, 2012

Bob Hurley, The Accord group

Rob Vandal, Guardian

Aaron Singer, AGC

Mukesh Rustagi, PGW
Solar load and glazing

UV5%

Visible

43%

Near IR

52%

Normalized Solar Power D

• Visible light transmission is 

regulated

– > 70% all positions 

(except roof) in cars

– Behind B pillar, no 

regulation in trucks

250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 

Wavelength (nm)

• Most of solar energy is in 

near Infra-red
Energy management in gla
Energy management in gla

• Various technologies

– IR absorbing

• Glazing absorbs the energy

– Some of it radiates/convects out– Rest radiates/convects in

• Mostly effective when vehicle is moving

– Higher convection loss to outside

• Can be in glass, interlayer, or coating

– IR reflecting

• Reflects IR energy

– Energy never enters the glass or the vehicle

• Effective when vehicle is parked• Can be in interlayer or coating
Energy management

• Heat load reduction impact of glass – SAE IMAC Study – Glass w

2025

Reduction in Temperature (

oC)

Solar Reflective Glass-all locations, Parked Car Ventilation Solar Reflective Glass-all locationsSolar Reflective Windshield-BackliteSolar Reflective Windshield

Solar Reflective Paint-a

05

1015

Air-Foot Air-Breath Air Dashboard Roof Exterior Front Driver

Seat

Front Pass

Seat 

Reduction in Temperature (
Impact on Fuel Use – SAE IMAC S

• US Average AC use - 32.6% (MAC Summit 2004)

• US Vehicle Miles Traveled - 11,998 (Wards 2005)

FTP 

Annual Fuel Used per Vehicle for AC (

26 % Reduction in AC fuel use for this 

Cy

Fuel Used with Baseline AC Fuel Used with 70% Baseline AC Fuel Savings per Vehicle 
Heat Load Reduction Technolo

• IR Reflecting

– Metallic coatings

• Thickness measured in Angstroms (0.1 nanometers)

• So thin that you can see through metal layers• Create a barrier to direct RF signal

– Non-metallic coatings

• Multiple non-metallic (polymer) layers of varying degrees of index of • Currently commercial by 3M• Others under development

– BASF publicly disclosed– Other companies also developing (EPGAA members can provide confide

necessary)

• IR Absorbing

– Absorbing materials in glass or vinyl
RF Issues from metal-coated gla

• Metal-coated glazing is currently in use by 

global OEMs

– European adoption far greater than North Am

• Smaller vehicles, more load on AC

• Some vehicles do not have AC• Fuel price is much higher• Automotive technology leadership

– North America has millions of vehicles with th

technology

• No known reports of cell phone issues with vehicle

metal-coated glazing
RF issues from metal-coated gla

• Testing by CARB showed no particular is

– Cell phone signal loss was within normal v

– Ankle bracelet testing was within normal v
• PGW testing confirmed CARB results – Cell phone signals tested with IR Reflective 

windshield

• Signal tested at all locations in car

RF Issues from metal-coated gla

• No significant signal loss detected – Ankle bracelet signals tested with IR Reflec

windshield

• No significant difference found in all locations 
Data from PGW testing – Cell Ph

-15.0-10.0

-5.0

0.05.0

Average Gain (dBi)

Rear Passenger Outer Cellular Average Gain - Deletion Patterns

Regular W/S l(Avg GaNo Deletion (Avg Gain Deletion X (Avg Gain Deletion A (Avg Gain Deletion B (Avg Gain 

• Testing shows minimal variation with metal coated windshield and various dele

-20.0

824

829

834

839

844

849

868.5

874

879.3

883.6

889.4

894

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1929.6

1938.4

1950

Average Gain (dBi)

Frequency (MHz)

Deletion B (Avg Gain 

-20.0-15.0-10.0

-5.0

0.05.0

824

829

834

839

844

849

868.5

874

879.3

883.6

889.4

894

1850

1860

1870

1880

1890

1900

1910

1920

1929.6

1938.4

1950

Average Gain (dBi)

Frequency (MHz)

Rear Passenger Outer Cellular Average Gain - Additional Deletion Patterns

Regular W/S l(Avg GDeletion C (Avg Gain Deletion D (Avg Gain Deletion E (Avg Gain 
Data from PGW testing – Ankle Bra

• Testing shows minimal variation with metal coated windshield and various dele

Average Signal Strength (dBi)

Front

Driver

Front

Passenger

Rear

Driver

Rear

Passenge

Regular W/S -12.3 -10.3 -10.3 -8.7IR Reflective W/S - No Deletions -13.1 -10.6 -11.0 -9.2IR Reflective W/S - Edge Deletion -11.4 -10.3 -11.1 -9.1
• There are solutions for specific glass mounted 

that have direct RF signal transmittance througcoated glazing – Each OEM designs their own solution

• Perimeter deletion

• Specific deletions for mounted devices

RF Issues from metal-coated gla

• Other deletions (within vision area) for customer moun• For example, Daimler, Audi, BMW, among others, have 

cameras, sensors, antennas, EZ Pass, etc. mounted on Reflective (metal coated) glass that operate without an(specific examples can be provided confidentially) – Other technology solutions, if necessary, are also 

in the market today

• Signal repeaters, for example, are commercially availab
Conclusion

• The metal-coated glazing is perfectly legal 

and already in commercial use on millions vehicles

• There are multiple technologies available 

achieve heat load reduction, both metallic non-metallic

• Even metallic coated glazing can be engine

for RF signal transparency

• There is no reason to compromise fuel eco

savings and greenhouse gas reductions fobased on incomplete data and conjectures 
Back-up Slides
Vehicles using IR Reflective metal coated glazin

Audi

A6A7A8

Bentley

Continental GTFlying Spur

BMW

3 series (sedan/station wagon, 

coupe/convertible)

Ford

FocusC-MaxGrande CMaxGalaxyS-MAXMondeoKuga

GM

Buick RoadmasterCadillac CateraCadillac DevilleChevrolet APV (MiniVan) Pontiac APV (MiniVan) Oldsmobile APV (MiniVan) Buick Rendezvous Pontiac Aztec

Landrover

DiscoveryRange Rover

Maserati

Quattroporte

Maybach

57/62

Mercedes-Benz

CL-ClassGL-Class

Porsche

CayePan

PSA

406

Renault

ScenMeg

Rolls Royce

PhaDroCou

coupe/convertible)5 series (GT, sedan/station wagon)6 series7 seriesX3X5X6

Citroen

BerlingoXsara Picasso

Pontiac AztecOpel InsigniaOpel MerivaOpel Omega sedanOpel VauxhallOpel Zafira(MiniVan)Opel CorsaOpel Astra

GL-ClassML-ClassE ClassM ClassR ClassS Class

Peugeot

Partner308407807ExpertJumpy

CouGho

Skoda

Octa

Toyota

Prev

VW

PassCoun/stwagPassShaPha