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CHECKLIST OF PLANTS:

BALCONES CANYONLANDS NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE

September 24, 2008

Note : Species marked with an asterisk (*) are endemic to Texas (most often confined to just Central Texas or the

Edwards Plateau). (I) indicates introduced (non-native) species. Species in square [brackets] are found on lands

immediately adjacent to the Refuge and might be expected within the Refuge boundary.

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME

ACANTHACEAE ACANTHUS FAMILY

Dyschoriste linearis Narrowleaf dyschoriste, Snake herb

Justicia americana American water-willow

*Ruellia drummondiana *Drummond wild-petunia

Ruellia humilis Low wild-petunia

Ruellia metziae Common wild-petunia

Ruellia nudiflora var. nudiflora Common wild-petunia

Siphonoglossa pilosella Tube-tongue

ACERACEAE MAPLE FAMILY

Acer negundo Box-elder

AGAVACEAE AGAVE FAMILY

*Nolina lindheimeriana *Devil's shoestring

Nolina texana Sacahuista

Yucca arkansana Arkansas yucca

Yucca constricta Buckley yucca

*Yucca rupicola *Twist-leaf yucca

Yucca treculeana Trecul yucca

AMARANTHACEAE AMARANTH FAMILY

Alternanthera caracasana Mat chaff-flower

Amaranthus albus White amaranth

Amaranthus palmeri Palmer's amaranth

Amaranthus retroflexus Redroot pigweed

Amaranthus sp. Amaranth

Froelichia gracilis Snake-cotton

ANACARDIACEAE SUMAC FAMILY

Rhus lanceolata Flameleaf sumac

Rhus trilobata var. trilobata Fragrant sumac, skunkbush

Rhus virens Evergreen sumac

Toxicodendron radicans Poison ivy (prob. 2 vars.)

APIACEAE (= Umbelliferae) CARROT FAMILY

Bifora americana Prairie bishop

Bowlesia incana Hoary bowlesia

Centella erecta Spadeleaf

Chaerophyllum tainturieri Chervil

Cyclospermum leptophyllum Slimlobe celery

*Daucosma laciniatum *Cutleaf daucosma

Daucus carota Queen-Anne’s-Lace (I)

Daucus pusillus Southwestern carrot

Eryngium leavenworthii Levenworth eryngo

Hydrocotyle umbellata Umbrella water-pennywort
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Hydrocotyle verticellata Whorled water-pennywort

Polytaenia nuttallii v. texana Texas parsley

Sanicula canadensis Black snakeroot

Spermolepis inermis Spreading scale-seed

Torilis arvensis Hedgeparsley, Sockbane (I)

Torilis nodosa Knotted hedgeparsley (I)

APOCYNACEAE DOGBANE FAMILY

Amsonia ciliata Blue-star

AQUIFOLIACEAE HOLLY FAMILY

Ilex decidua Possumhaw, Deciduous holly

Ilex vomitoria Yaupon

ARACEAE ARUM FAMILY

Arisaema dracontium Green dragon

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE BIRTHWORT FAMILY

Aristolochia longiflora [A. erecta] Swanflower

Aristolochia serpentaria Virginia pipevine

ASCLEPIADACEAE MILKWEED FAMILY

Asclepias asperula Antelope-horns

Asclepias oenotheroides Hierba de zizotes

Asclepias texana Texas milkweed

Asclepias verticellata Whorled milkweed

[Asclepias viridis Green milkweed]

Asclepias viridiflora Wand milkweed, green-flowered m.

Cynanchum barbigerum Swallow-wort

Cynanchum racemosum var. unifarium Talayote

Funastrum crispum Wavyleaf twinevine

Funastrum cynanchoides Twinevine

Matelea biflora Purple milkvine

Matelea cynanchoides Milkvine

*Matelea edwardsensis *Plateau milkvine

Matelea gonocarpa Anglepod

Matelea reticulata Common milkvine

ASTERACEAE (= Compositae) SUNFLOWER FAMILY

Achillea millefolium Yarrow

Amblyolepis setigera Huisache daisy

Ambrosia artemisiifolia Common ragweed

Ambrosia psilostachya Western ragweed

Ambrosia trifida Giant ragweed, bloodweed

Aphanostephus ramosissimus Plains lazydaisy

Aphanostephus riddelli Riddell lazydaisy

Aphanostephus skirrhobasis Arkansas lazydaisy

Arnoglossum plantagineum Indian plantain

Artemisia ludoviciana Western mugwort, Mexican sagebrush

Aster drummondii var. texanum Texas aster

Aster ericoides Heath aster

Aster praealtus Tall aster

Aster sericeus Silky aster

Aster subulatus Hierba de marrano

Baccharis neglecta Poverty weed, False-willow

Berlandiera betonicifolia Texas green-eyes

Bidens frondosa Beggar-ticks
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Brickellia cylindracea Brickellbush

Brickellia dentata Leafy brickellbush, gravelbar b.

Calyptocarpus vialis Lawn flower

Carduus nutans ssp. macrocephalus Musk thistle (I)

Carduus tenuiflorus Slender bristlethistle (I)

Centaurea americana Basket-flower

Centaurea melitensis Malta starthistle (I)

*Chaetopappa bellidifolia *Hairy leastdaisy

*Chaptalia nutans *Silver-puff

Chrysactinea mexicana Damianita

[Cirsium horridulum Yellow thistle]

Cirsium texanum Texas thistle

Cirsium undulatum Plumed thistle

Cirsium vulgare Bull thistle (I)

Conyza canadensis Horseweed

Coreopsis tinctoria Plains coreopsis

 (including C. cardaminaefolia of C. & J.)

Coreopsis wrightii (include. C. basalis) Wright coreopsis

Dracopis amplexicaulis Clasping coneflower

Dysodiopsis tagetoides Marigold dogweed

[Echinacea angustifolia Purple Coneflower]

Eclipta prostrata (E. alba) Yerba de Tago

Engelmannia persitenia Engelmann daisy, Cutleaf daisy

Erigeron modestus Plains fleabane

Erigeron ortegae var. spinosus Mexican devilweed

Erigeron philadelphicus Philadelphia fleabane

Erigeron strigosus White-top, Prairie fleabane

Eupatorium coelestinum Mistflower

Eupatorium havanense Shrubby boneset

Eupatorium rugosum White snakeroot

Eupatorium serotinum Late eupatorium

Evax candida Silver rabbit-tobacco

Evax prolifera Flathead rabbit-tobacco

Evax verna Roundhead rabbit-tobacco

Gaillardia pulchella Indian blankets

Gaillardia suavis Rayless gaillardia

Gamochaeta falcata/purpurea Purple cudweed

Gamochaeta pensylvanica Cudweed

Grindelia squarrosa Gumweed

Gutierrezia dracunculoides Common broomweed

Gutierrezia sarothrae Broom snakeweed

Gutierrezia texana Texas broomweed

Gymnosperma glutinosum Tatalencho

Helenium amarum var. amarum Yellow bitterweed

Helenium amarum var. badium Basin bitterweed

Helenium microcephalum Smallhead sneezeweed

Helenium quadridentatum Longdisk sneezeweed

Helianthus annuus Annual sunflower

Helianthus maximiliani Maximilian sunflower

Heterotheca canescens Gray golden aster

Heterotheca subaxillaris Camphor weed

Hymenopappus scabiosaeus Old plainsman

Hymenopappus tenuifolius Chalkhill woolywhite

Iva angustifolia Narrowleaf sumpweed

Iva annua Annual sumpweed

*Krigia cespitosa (= K. gracilis) *Slender dwarf dandelion

Krigia occidentalis Western dwarf dandelion
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Lactuca ludoviciana Wild lettuce

Lactuca serriola Prickly lettuce (I)

Liatris mucronata Blazing star

Lindheimera texana Texas star

Lygodesmia texana Skeleton-plant

Marshallia caespitosa Barbara's buttons

Matricaria matricarioides Pineapple weed

Melampodium leucanthum Blackfoot daisy

Packera obovata Golden groundsel

Packera tampicana (= S. imparipinnatus) Groundsel

Palafoxia callosa Small palafoxia

Parthenium confertum False ragweed, Crowded ragweed

Parthenium hysterophorus False ragweed

Perezia runcinata Peonia

Perityle lindheimeri Lindheimer rock daisy

Pinaropappus roseus White rock-lettuce

Pluchea odorata Camphor marsh-elder

Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium Tall cudweed

Pyrrhopappus carolinianus Carolina false dandelion

Pyrrhopappus pauciflorus Texas dandelion

Ratibida columnifera Mexican hat

Rudbeckia hirta Brown-eyed susan

*Senecio ampullaceus *Texas groundsel

*Silphium albiflorum *White rosinweed

[Silphium integrifolium v. asperrimum Tall rosinweed]

Simsia calva Bush sunflower

Solidago canadensis var. gilvocanescens Common/Canada goldenrod

Solidago gigantea Giant goldenrod

Solidago nemoralis Oldfield goldenrod

Solidago radula Cat-tongue goldenrod

Sonchus asper Prickly sowthistle (I)

Sonchus oleraceus Common sowthistle (I)

Taraxacum officinale Common dandelion (I)

Tetragonatheca texana Plateau nerve-ray

Tetraneuris linearifolia Slenderleaf bitterweed

Tetraneuris scaposa Plains yellow-daisy

Thelesperma filifolium Greenthread

Thelesperma simplicifolium Navajo tea, slender greenthread

Thymophylla (= Dyssodia) pentachaeta Parralena

Verbesina encelioides Cowpen daisy

*Verbesina lindheimeri *Lindheimer's crownbeard

Verbesina virginica Frostweed

Vernonia baldwinii Western ironweed

Vernonia lindheimeri Wooly ironweed

Viguiera dentata Plateau goldeneye

Wedelia (= Zexmenia) texana Orange Zexmenia

Xanthisma texanum var. drummondii Sleepy-daisy

Xanthium strumarium Cocklebur

BERBERIDACEAE BARBERRY FAMILY

Berberis trifoliolata Agarita

BORAGINACEAE BORAGE FAMILY

Buglossoides arvensis --- (I)

[Echium vulgare] [Blueweed (I)]

Heliotropium tenellum Pasture heliotrope

Heliotropium sp. ---
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Lithospermum incisum Fringed puccoon

Lithospermum matamorense Rough gromwell

*Onosmodium helleri *Heller's marbleseed

*Onosmodium bejariense var. bejariense *False gromwell
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BRASSICACEAE (= Cruciferae) MUSTARD FAMILY

*Arabis petiolaris *Rock-cress

Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd's purse (I)

Draba cuneifolia Wedgeleaf draba

Draba platycarpa Broadpod draba

Lepidium austrinum Southern pepperweed

Lepidium virginicum Virginia Peppergrass

*Lesquerella densiflora *Low bladderpod

*Lesquerella engelmannii *Engelmann bladderpod

Lesquerella gracilis White bladderpod

*Lesquerella grandiflora *Big-flower bladderpod

*Lesquerella recurvata *Plateau bladderpod

Rapistrum rugosum Yellow rocket (I)

Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum Water-cress (I)

Sisybrium irio London-rocket (I)

Sisybrium officinale Hedge mustard (I)

BROMELIACEAE PINEAPPLE FAMILY

Tillandsia recurvata Ballmoss

CACTACEAE CACTUS FAMILY

Coryphantha sulcata Nipple cactus

Echinocactus texensis Horse crippler cactus

Echinocereus reichenbachii Lace cactus

Escobaria missouriensis Plains nipple cactus

Opuntia leptocaulis Tasajillo, Turkey pear

Opuntia engelmannii var. lindheimeri Texas prickly pear

Opuntia phaeacantha var. major Brown-spine prickly pear

CALLITRICHACEAE WATER-STARWORT FAMILY

Callitriche heterophylla Water-starwort, Water-chickweed

CAMPANULACEAE BELLFLOWER FAMILY

Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal flower

*Triodanis coloradoensis *Western Venus looking-glass

Triodanis perfoliata Clasping Venus looking-glass

CAPPARIDACEAE CAPER FAMILY

Polanisia dodecandra var. trachysperma Clammyweed

CAPRIFOLIACEAE HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY

Lonicera albiflora White honeysuckle

Lonicera japonica Japanese honeysuckle (I)

Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Coral-berry

Viburnum rufidulum Rusty blackhaw

CARYOPHYLLACEAE PINK FAMILY

Arenaria benthamii Hilly sandwort

Arenaria serpyllifolia Thyme-leaf sandwort (I)

Cerastium brachypodum Shortstalk chickweed

Cerastium glomeratum Chickweed (I)

Paronychia sp. Whitlow-wort

Stellaria media Common chickweed (I)

Vaccaria hispanica Cowcockle (I)

CHENOPODIACEAE GOOSEFOOT FAMILY

Chenopodium sp. 1 Goosefoot (I)
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Chenopodium sp. 2 Goosefoot (I)

CISTACEAE

Helianthemum georgianum Georgia sun-rose, rock-rose

COMMELINACEAE SPIDERWORT FAMILY

Commelina erecta Erect dayflower

*Tinantia anomala *False dayflower

*Tradescantia sp. 1 (ca. edwardsiana) *Plateau Spiderwort

*Tradescantia sp. 2 (ca. gigantea) *Giant Spiderwort

Tradescantia hirsutiflora Hairy-flower spiderwort

Tradescantia occidentalis Prairie spiderwort

*Tradescantia subacaulis *Stemless Spiderwort

CONVOLVULACEAE BINDWEED FAMILY

Convolvulus equitans Texas bindweed

Dichondra carolinensis Grass ponyfoot

Evolvulus nuttallianus Hairy evolvulus

Evolvulus sericeus Silky evolvulus

Ipomoea cordatotriloba Morning-glory

CORNACEAE DOGWOOD FAMILY

Cornus drummondii Rough-leaf dogwood

CRASSULACEAE STONECROP FAMILY

Sedum nuttallianum Yellow stonecrop

CUCURBITACEAE CUCUMBER FAMILY

Cucurbita foetidissima Coyote gourd

Ibervillea lindheimeri Balsam-gourd, Snake-apple

Melothria pendula Meloncito

CUPRESSACEAE CYPRESS FAMILY

Juniperus ashei Ashe juniper, Mountain cedar

CUSCUTACEAE DODDER FAMILY

Cuscuta exaltata Tree dodder

Cuscuta sp. Dodder

CYPERACEAE SEDGE FAMILY

*Carex edwardsiana *Canyon sedge

Carex frankii Franks sedge

Carex microdonta Smalltooth sedge

Carex muhlenbergii Muhlenberg sedge

Carex perdentata Roundhead sedge

Carex planostachys Cedar sedge

Cladium mariscus ssp. jamaicense Saw-grass

Cyperus acuminatus Taperleaf flatsedge

Cyperus esculentus Yellow nut-grass

Cyperus lupulinus flatsedge sp.

Cyperus retroflexus Oneflower flatsedge

Cyperus sp. flatsedge sp.

Eleocharis acutisquamata Splitscale spikesedge

Eleocharis caribaea Annual spikesedge

Eleocharis montividensis Perennial spikesedge

Eleocharis palustris Bigstem spikesedge

Fimbristylis puberula Fimbry
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Fuirena simplex Western umbrellagrass

Kyllinga brevifolia Shortleaf flatsedge

Rhynchospora colorata Showy whitetop sedge

Rhynchospora nivea Snowy whitetop sedge

EBENACEAE EBONY FAMILY

Diospyros texana Texas persimmon

ELATINACEAE WATERWORT FAMILY

Elatine sp. Waterwort

EPHEDRACEAE EPHEDRA FAMILY

Ephedra antisyphilitica Joint-fir, Popote

EQUISETACEAE HORSETAIL FAMILY

Equisetum hyemale Tall scouring-rush

ERICACEAE HEATH FAMILY

Arbutus xalapensis Texas madrone

EUPHORBIACEAE SPURGE FAMILY

Acalypha lindheimeri Lindheimer's copperleaf

Acalypha monostachya Round copperleaf

Acalypha ostryifolia Hop hornbeam copperleaf

Acalypha radians Sand copperleaf

*Chamaesyce angusta *Blackfoot spurge

Chamaesyce fendleri Fendler's spurge

Chamaesyce hirta Pillpod spurge (I)

Chamaesyce maculata Spotted spurge

Chamaesyce nutans Eyebane

Chamaesyce prostrata Prostrate spurge

Chamaesyce serpens Mat euphorbia

Chamaesyce villifera Hariy spurge

Cnidoscolus texanus Bull nettle

*Croton alabamensis var. texensis *Texabama croton

Croton fruticulosus Bush croton

Croton glandulosis var. septentrionalis Tropic croton

Croton lindheimerianus Lindheimer’s croton

Croton monanthogynus Oneseed croton, doveweed

Croton texensis Texas croton

Ditaxis humilis var. humilis Low wild mercury

*Ditaxis simulans *Tall wild-mercury

Euphorbia cyathophora Painted euphorbia, wild poinsettia

Euphorbia dentata Toothed spurge

Euphorbia marginata Snow-on-the-mountain

Euphorbia spathulata Warty euphorbia

Phyllanthus polygonoides Knotweed leaf-flower

Sapium sebiferum Chinese tallow (I)

Stillingia texana Texas stillingia

Tragia brevispica Shortspike noseburn

Tragia ramosa Common noseburn

FABACEAE PEA FAMILY

Acacia angustissima var. hirta Fern acacia

Acacia farnesiana Huisache

Albizia julibrissin Mimosa, silktree (I)

*Astragalus crassicarpus v. berlandieri *Groundplum milkvetch
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Astragalus lotiflorus Lotus milkvetch

Astragalus nuttallianus Nuttall's milkvetch

Astragalus nuttallianus var. pleianthus Milkvetch

Cassia fasciculata Partridge-pea

Centrosema virginianum Butterfly-pea

Cercis canadensis var. texensis Redbud

Dalea aurea Golden dalea

Dalea compacta var. pubescens Showy prairie-clover

Dalea frutescens Black dalea

*Dalea hallii *Hall’s dalea

Dalea lasiathera Purple dalea

Dalea multiflora White prairie-clover

Dalea nana Dwarf dalea

Desmanthus acuminatus Sharppod bundleflower

Desmanthus illinoensis Illinois bundleflower

Desmanthus velutinus Velvet bundleflower

Desmodium paniculatum Panicled tickclover

Desmodium psilophyllum Oneleaf tickclover

Eysenhardtia texana Texas kidneywood

Gleditsia triacanthos Honey locust

Indigofera miniata var. leptosepala Scarlet pea

Lespedeza texana Texas bushclover

Lespedeza sp. (tall) bushclover sp.

*Lupinus texensis *Texas bluebonnet

Medicago lupulina Black medic (I)

Medicago minima Small medic, small bur-clover (I)

Medicago sativa Alfalfa (I)

Melilotus albus White sweet clover (I)

Melilotus indicus Sour clover, Yellow sweet clover (I)

Mimosa borealis Pink mimosa

Mimosa roemeriana Roemer's sensitive briar

Parkinsonia aculeata Retama

Pediomelum cuspidatum Tallbread scurf-pea, Indian-turnip

*Pediomelum hypogaeum var. scaposum *Edible scurf-pea

*Pediomelum latestipulatum var. appressum *Broad-stipule scurf-pea

Pediomelum linearifolium Slimleaf scurf-pea, wild alfalfa

Pediomelum rhombifolium Roundleaf scurf-pea

Prosopis glandulosa Honey mesquite

Psoralidium tenuiflorum Wedgeleaf scurf-pea

Rhynchosia senna var. texana Texas snoutbean

Senna lindheimeriana Lindheimer senna

Senna roemeriana Two-leaf senna

[Sesbania drummondii Rattlebush]

Sophora affinis Eve's necklace

Sophora secundiflora Texas mountain-laurel

*Tephrosia lindheimeri *Hoary pea, Lindheimer's tephrosia

Trifolium repens White clover (I)

Vicia ludoviciana v. leavenworthii Leavenworth vetch

Vicia sativa ssp. nigra Common vetch (I)

FAGACEAE BEECH FAMILY

*Quercus buckleyi *Spanish oak

Quercus buckleyi x marilandica Spanish x Blackjack oak (hybrid)

Quercus fusiformis Plateau live oak

Quercus macrocarpa Bur oak

Quercus marilandica Blackjack oak

Quercus sinuata var. breviloba Shin oak, Scalybark oak
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Quercus stellata Post oak

FUMARIACEAE

*Corydalis curvisiliqua *Scrambled-eggs

GARRYACEAE

*Garrya ovata var. lindheimeri *Lindheimer's silk-tassel

GENTIANACEAE GENTIAN FAMILY

Centaurium beyrichii Mountain pink

Centaurium calycosum Rosita

Centaurium texense Lady Bird's centaury

Eustoma russellianum Bluebell gentian

[Sabatia campestris Prairie rose gentian]

GERANIACEAE GERANIUM FAMILY

Erodium cicutarium Pin clover (I)

Erodium texanum Texas stork's bill

Geranium texanum Texas geranium

HALAGORACEAE WATER MILFOIL FAMILY

Myriophyllum heterophyllum Water milfoil

HIPPOCASTANACEAE BUCKEYE FAMILY

*Aesculus pavia var. flavescens *Pale buckeye

Aesculus pavia var. pavia Red buckeye

HYDROPHYLLACEAE WATERLEAF FAMILY

Nama hispidum Sand-bell, Rough nama

Nama jamaicense Fiddleleaf nama

Phacelia congesta Blue curls

IRIDACEAE IRIS FAMILY

Nemastylis geminiflora Prairie pleatleaf, Celestials

Sisyrinchium chilense Blue-eyed grass

Sisyrinchium "scabrum" Swordleaf blue-eyed grass

Sisyrinchium sp. (not scabrum) Blue-eyed grass

JUGLANDACEAE WALNUT FAMILY

Carya illinoinensis Pecan

Carya texana Black Hickory

Juglans major Arizona walnut

Juglans microcarpa Little walnut

JUNCACEAE RUSH FAMILY

Juncus effusus Soft rush

Juncus filipendulus Ringe-seed rush

Juncus interior Interior rush

*Juncus texanus *Texas rush

Juncus torreyi Torrey rush

KRAMERIACEAE RATANY FAMILY

Krameria lanceolata Trailing ratany

LAMIACEAE (= Labiatae) MINT FAMILY

Hedeoma acinoides Annual pennyroyal

Hedeoma drummondii Lemoncillo
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Lamium amplexicaule Henbit (I)

Lycopus americanus Water-horehound

Marrubium vulgare Common Horehound (I)

Mentha piperita Peppermint (I)

Monarda citriodora Purple horsemint

Monarda clinopodioides Basil beebalm

Monarda punctata Spotted beebalm

Physostegia angustifolia False dragon-head

Salvia azurea Blue sage

Salvia coccinea Tropical sage

*Salvia engelmannii *Engelmann sage

Salvia farinacea Mealy sage

[Salvia reflexa Lanceleaf sage]

Salvia roemeriana Cedar sage

Salvia texana Texas sage

Scutellaria drummondii Drummond's skullcap

Scutellaria ovata Eggleaf skullcap

Scutellaria wrightii Wright’s skullcap

Stachys crenata Shade betony

Teucrium canadense American germander

Trichostema brachiatum Fluxweed

Warnockia scutellarioides Prairie brazoria

LENTIBULARIACEAE BLADDERWORT FAMILY

Utricularia gibba Cone-spur Bladderwort

LILIACEAE LILY FAMILY

Allium ampeloprasum Wild leek (I)

Allium canadense var. fraseri Fraser's wild onion

Allium drummondii Drummond's onion

Androstephium coeruleum Blue funnel-lily

Camassia scilloides Wild hyacinth

Cooperia drummondii Rain lily

Cooperia pedunculata Giant rain lily

Echeandia flavescens Torrey crag-lily

Erythronium albidum White dog's-tooth violet

Nothoscordum bivalve Crow poison

Shoenocaulon texanum Green lily

Zygadenus nuttallii Death camas

LINACEAE FLAX FAMILY

Linum hudsonioides Hudson flax

Linum rigidum var. berlandieri Yellow flax

Linum rupestre Rock flax

LOASACEAE LOSA FAMILY

Mentzelia oligosperma Stickleaf

LOGANIACEAE LOGANIA FAMILY

Mitreola petiolata (Cynoctonum mitreola) Hornpod

Spigelia hedyotidea Prairie pinkroot

LYTHRACEAE LOOSESTRIFE FAMILY

Lythrum californicum California loosestrife, Hierba de Cancer

*Lythrum ovalifolium *Low loosestrife

MALPIGHIACEAE MALPIGHIA FAMILY
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Galphimia (= Thryallis) angustifolia Narrowleaf thryallis

MALVACEAE MALLOW FAMILY

Abutilon fruticosum Indian mallow

Callirhoe digitata Finger poppymallow

Callirhoe involucrata ssp. involucrata Winecup, low poppy-mallow

Callirhoe involucrata ssp. lineariloba Winecup

Malva neglecta Common Mallow (I)

Malvaviscus arboreus var. drummondii Turk's cap

Rhyncosida physocalyx Beaked sida

Sida abutifolia (= S. filicaulis) Spreading sida

Wissadula holosericea Velvet-leaf Mallow

MELIACEAE MAHOGANY FAMILY

Melia azedarach Chinaberry (I)

MENISPERMACEAE MOONSEED FAMILY

Cocculus carolinus Carolina moonseed

MOLLUGINACEAE CARPETWEED FAMILY

Mollugo verticillata Green carpetweed (I)

MORACEAE MULBERRY FAMILY

Ficus carica Common fig (I)

Morus alba White mulberry (I)

Morus microphylla Texas mulberry

Morus rubra Red mulberry

NYCTAGINACEAE FOUR O'CLOCK FAMILY

Boerhavia diffusa Scarlet spiderling

Boerhavia erecta Erect spiderling

Mirabilis albida White four-o’clock

OLEACEAE OLIVE FAMILY

Forestiera pubescens Elbowbush, Spring herald

Fraxinus texensis Texas ash

Menodora heterophylla Redbud

Menodora longiflora Showy menodora

ONAGRACEAE EVENING PRIMROSE FAMILY

Calylophus berlandieri ssp. pinifolius Berlandier evening-primrose

Gaura coccinea Scarlet gaura

Gaura parviflora Lizardtail, Small-flower gaura

Gaura sinuata Wavy-leaf gaura

Gaura suffulta Wild honeysuckle, Roadside gaura

Ludwigia octovalvis Water-primrose

Ludwigia palustris Creeping water primrose

Oenothera grandis Large sundrops

Oenothera jamesii River primrose

Oenothera laciniata Cutleaf evening primrose

Oenothera macrocarpa Fluttermill, Missouri primrose

Oenothera speciosa Pink evening primrose

Oenothera triloba Stemless evening primrose

ORCHIDACEAE ORCHID FAMILY

Corallorhiza wisteriana Wister coralroot

[Epipactis gigantea Giant Helleborine, Chatterbox orchid]
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Hexalectris nitida Shining coralroot

Hexalectris spicata Crested coralroot

Spiranthes cernua Ladies tresses

OROBANCHACEAE

Orobanche uniflora One-flower broomrape

OXALIDACEAE WOOD SORREL FAMILY

Oxalis stricta Yellow wood sorrel (I)

*Oxalis drummondii *Drummond's Oxalis

PAPAVERACEAE POPPY FAMILY

Argemone albiflora White prickly-poppy

Glaucium corniculatum Red horned-poppy (I)

PASSIFLORACEAE PASSIONFLOWER FAMILY

Passiflora lutea Yellow passion flower

Passiflora tenuiloba Spreadlobe passion flower, Birdwing p.

PEDALIACEAE SESAME FAMILY

Proboscidea louisianica Devil’s claw

PHYTOLACCACEAE POKEWEED FAMILY

Phytolacca americana Pokeweed

PLANTAGINACEAE PLANTAIN FAMILY

Plantago helleri Heller's plantain, Cedar plantain

Plantago lanceolata English plantain (I)

Plantago patagonica var. gnaphalioides Bristle-bract plantain

Plantago rhodosperma Redseed plantain

Plantago wrightiana Wright’s plantain

PLATANACEAE PLANETREE FAMILY

Platanus occidentalis American sycamore

POACEAE GRASS FAMILY

Andropogon gerardii Big bluestem

Andropogon glomeratus Bushy bluestem

Andropogon virginicus Broomsedge

Aristida oligantha Oldfield threeawn

Aristida purpurea var. longiseta Red threeawn

Aristida purpurea var. purpurea Purple threeawn

Aristida purpurea var. wrightii Wright's threeawn

Avena fatua var. sativa Wild oat (I)

Bothriochloa barbinodis var. perforata Pinhole bluestem

Bothriochloa ischaemum King Ranch bluestem (I)

Bothriochloa laguroides ssp. torreyana Silver bluestem

Bothriochloa longipaniculata Longspike silver bluestem

Bouteloua curtipendula Sideoats grama

Bouteloua hirsuta Hairy grama

Bouteloua pectinata Tall grama

Bouteloua rigidiseta Texas grama

Bouteloua trifida Red grama

Briza minor Little quakinggrass (I)

Bromus catharticus Rescuegrass (I)

Bromus japonicus Japanese brome (I)

Bromus pubescens Hairy brome
14

Bromus tectorum Cheat grass (I)

Buchloe dactyloides Buffalograss

Cenchrus spinifex Sandbur grass

Chasmanthium latifolium Inland sea oats

Chloris cucullata Hooded windmillgrass

Chloris verticellata Whorled windmillgrass

Chloris virgata Showy chloris

Cynodon dactylon Bermuda grass (I)

Desmazeria rigida --- (I)

Digitaria (= Leptoloma) cognata Fall witchgrass

Echinochloa crus-galli Barnyard grass (I)

Elymus canadensis Canada wild-rye

Elymus virginicus Virginia wild-rye

Eragrostis barrelieri Mediterranean lovegrass (I)

Eragrostis curtipedicellata Gummy lovegrass

Eragrostis intermedia Plains lovegrass

Eragrostis secundiflora Red lovegrass

Eragrostis sessilispica Tumble lovegrass

Eriochloa sericea Silky cup grass

Erioneuron pilosum Hairy tridens

Heteropogon contortus Tanglehead (native to Texas but "I" on Refuge)

Hilaria belangeri Common curlymesquite

Hordeum pusillum Little barley

Hordeum vulgare Barley (I)

Leersia oryzoides Rice cutgrass

Leptochloa dubia Green sprangletop

Limnodea arkansana Ozarkgrass

Lolium perenne Perennial ryegrass (I)

Melica nitens Threeflower melic

*Muhlenbergia involuta *Canyon muhly, Hybrid muhly

*Muhlenbergia lindheimeri *Lindheimer muhly, Creek muhly

Muhlenbergia reverchonii Seep muhly

Muhlenbergia schreberi Nimblewill

Muhlenbergia utilis Aparejo grass

Nasella leucotricha Texas wintergrass, Speargrass

Panicum acuminatum var. lindheimeri Lindheimer's rosettegrass

Panicum coloratum Kleingrass (I)

Panicum hallii Hall's panic grass

Panicum obtusum Vine-mesquite

Panicum oligosanthes var. scribnerianum Scribner’s rosettegrass

Panicum pedicellatum Cedar rosettegrass

Panicum virgatum Switchgrass

Panicum (Dicanthelium) sp. Rosettegrass

Paspalum dilatatum Dallisgrass (I)

Paspalum notatum Bahiagrass (I)

Paspalum pubiflorum Hairyseed paspalum

Paspalum setaceum var. stramineum Thin paspalum

Paspalum urvillei Vaseygrass (I)

Phalaris caroliniana Carolina canarygrass

Poa annua Annual bluegrass (I)

Polypogon viridis (= Agrostis semiverticillata) Water bent grass (I)

Schedonnardus paniculatus Tumblegrass

Schizachyrium scoparium var. frequens Little bluestem
15

Setaria parviflora Knotroot bristlegrass

Setaria ramiseta Bristlegrass

Setaria reverchonii Reverchon bristlegrass

Setaria scheelei Southwestern bristlegrass

Setaria viridis Green bristlegrass (I)

Sorghastrum nutans Indiangrass

Sorghum bicolor Sorghum (I)

Sorghum halepense Johnson grass (I)

Sphenopholis obtusata Prairie Wedgescale

Sporobolus compositus var. compositus Tall dropseed

Sporobolus compositus var. drummondii Meadow dropseed

Sporobolus cryptandrus Sand dropseed

Sporobolus vaginiflorus Poverty dropseed

Tridens albescens White tridens

*Tridens buckleyanus Buckley tridens

*Tridens congestus *Pink tridens

Tridens flavus Purpletop

Tridens muticus var. muticus Slim tridens

Tridens texanus Texas tridens

Tripsacum dactyloides Eastern gamagrass

Trisetum interruptum Prairie trisetum

Vulpia octoflora Common sixweeksgrass

POLEMONIACEAE PHLOX FAMILY

Gilia incisa Cut-leaf gilia

Gilia rigidula var. rigidula Blue gilia

Ipomopsis rubra Standing-cypress

Phlox drummondii Drummond phlox

Phlox drummondii var. mcallisterii Drummond phlox

*Phlox pilosa ssp. latisepala *Prairie phlox

*Phlox roemeriana *Goldeneye phlox

POLYGALACEAE MILKWORT FAMILY

Polygala alba White milkwort

Polygala lindheimeri Lindheimer's milkwort

Polygala verticellata Whorled milkwort

POLYGONACEAE KNOTWEED FAMILY

Eriogonum longifolium var. lindheimeri Longleaf buckwheat

Polygonum pensylvanicum Pink smartweed

Polygonum punctatum Dotted smartweed

Rumex chrysocarpus Amnastla

Rumex crispus Curly dock (I)

Rumex pulcher Fiddle dock (I)

POLYPODIACEAE TRUE FERN FAMILY

Adiantum capillus-veneris Southern maidenhair fern

Argyrochosma dealbata Cloak fern

Asplenium resiliens Blackstem spleenwort

Cheilanthes alabamensis Alabama lip fern

Cheilanthes horridula Prickly lip fern

Cyrtomium falcatum Asian holly-fern (I)

Pellaea atropurpurea Purple cliffbrake

Thelypteris ovata var. lindheimeri Lindheimer shield fern

PONTEDERIACEAE PICKERELWEED FAMILY

Heteranthera limosa Mud-babies
16

PORTULACACEAE PURSLANE FAMILY

Portulaca pilosa Chisme, shaggy purslane

Portulaca sp. purslane

Talinum parviflorum Prairie flameflower

POTAMOGETONACEAE PONDWEED FAMILY

Potamogeton illinoensis Shining pondweed

PRIMULACEAE PRIMROSE FAMILY

Anagallis arvensis Scarlet pimpernel (I)

Dodecatheon meadia Shooting-star

Samolus ebracteatus Largeflower brookweed

Samolus valerandi ssp. parviflorus Smallflower brookweed

RANUNULACEAE BUTTERCUP FAMILY

Anemone berlandieri Ten-petal anemone

*Anemone edwardsiana *Plateau anemone

Aquilegia canadensis Wild columbine

Clematis drummondii Old Man's Beard

[Clematis pitcheri] [Purple leatherflower]

*Clematis texensis *Scarlet leatherflower, Texas leatherflower

Delphinium carolinianum var. vimineum Prairie larkspur

Ranunculus macranthus Large buttercup

Ranunculus sceleratus Blister buttercup

Ranunculus sp. buttercup sp.

RHAMNACEAE BUCKTHORN FAMILY

Berchemia scandens Rattan vine, Alabama supplejack

Ceanothus herbaceus Redroot

Colubrina texana Texas colubrina

Condalia hookeri Bluewood, Brasil

Frangula caroliniana Carolina buckthorn

Ziziphus obtusifolia Lotebush

ROSACEAE ROSE FAMILY

Geum canadense White avens

Prunus mexicana Mexican plum

Prunus rivularis Creek plum, hog plum

Prunus serotina var. eximia Escarpment black cherry

Rubus riograndis (R. trivialis) Southern dewberry

RUBIACEAE MADDER FAMILY

Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush

Galium aparine Catchweed bedstraw

Galium circaezans Fourleaf bedstraw, woods bedstraw

Galium texense Texas bedstraw

Galium virgatum Southwest bedstraw

Hedyotis nigricans Prairie bluets

*Houstonia parviflora *Greenman’s bluets

Houstonia pusilla Low bluets, Quaker-ladies

Richardia tricocca Prairie buttonweed

RUTACEAE CITRUS FAMILY

Ptelea trifoliata Wafer-ash, skunkbush

Thamnosma texana Dutchman's breeches

Zanthoxylum hirsutum Prickly-ash, tickle-tongue
17

SALICACEAE WILLOW FAMILY

Populus deltoides Eastern cottonwood

Salix nigra Black willow

SAPINDACEAE SOAPBERRY FAMILY

Cardiospermum halicacabum Common Balloonvine

Sapindus saponaria v. drummondii Western soapberry

Ungnadia speciosa Mexican buckeye

SAPOTACEAE SAPONDILLA FAMILY

Sideroxylon lanuginosa Gum elastic, woolly ironwood

SCROPHULARIACEAE FIGWORT FAMILY

*Agalinis edwardsiana *Plateau agalinis

Agalinis heterophylla Prairie agalinis

Bacopa monieri Water-hyssop

Bellardia trixago NCN (I)

Buchnera americana Bluehearts

Castilleja indivisa Texas paintbrush

*Castilleja purpurea var. lindheimeri *Prairie paintbrush

Leucophyllum frutescens Cenizo, Purple-sage

Leucospora multifida Cutleaf conobea

Maurandya antirrhiniflora Snapdragon vine

Mecardonia procumbens Prostrate mecardonia

Nuttallanthus texanus Texas toadflax

Penstemon cobaea Fox-glove

*Seymeria texana *Texas seymeria

Verbascum blattaria Moth mullein (I)

Verbascum thapsus Common mullein (I)

Veronica arvensis Common speedwell (I)

Veronica peregrina Wandering speedwell

SIMAROUBACEAE QUASSIA FAMILY

Ailanthus altissima Tree-of-heaven (I)

SMILACACEAE GREENBRIER FAMILY

Smilax bona-nox Saw greenbriar

SOLANACEAE NIGHTSHADE FAMILY

*Bouchetia erecta *Erect bouchetia

Chamaesaracha coniodes False nightshade

Chamaesaracha edwardsiana Plateau false nightshade

Datura wrightii Wright’s jimsonweed

Nicotiana glauca Tree tobacco (I)

Nicotiana repanda Fiddle-leaf tobacco

Physalis cinerascens Beach groundcherry

Physalis pubescens Downy groundcherry

Solanum dimidiatum Western horse-nettle

Solanum elaeagnifolium Silverleaf nightshade

Solanum ptychanthum American nightshade

Solanum rostratum Buffalo-bur

Solanum triquetrum Texas nightshade

STYRACACEAE SNOWBELL FAMILY

*Styrax platanifolius *Sycamore-leaf snowbell
18

TAMARICACEAE TAMARIX FAMILY

Tamarix sp. Tamarix, salt cedar (I)

TAXODIACEAE TAXODIUM FAMILY

Taxodium distichum Baldcypress

TYPHACEAE CATTAIL FAMILY

Typha domingensis Narrowleaf cattail

ULMACEAE ELM FAMILY

Celtis laevigata var. laevigata Sugar hackberry, Texas sugarberry

Celtis laevigata var. reticulata Netleaf hackberry

Ulmus americana American elm

Ulmus crassifolia Cedar elm

URTICACEAE NETTLE FAMILY

Boehmeria cylindrica Bog-hemp

Parietaria pensylvanica Rock pellitory

Urtica chamaedryoides Stinging nettle

VALERIANACEAE VALERIAN FAMILY

Valerianella amarella Hairyfruit corn-salad

Valerianella radiata Beaked corn-salad

VERBENACEAE VERVAIN FAMILY

Aloysia gratissima Beebrush

Callicarpa americana American beautyberry

Glandularia bipinnatifida Dakota vervain, Prairie verbena

Glandularia pumila Low vervain, Pink verbena

Lantana urticoides Texas lantana

Lippia nodiflora Frogfruit, fogfruit

Verbena bracteata Big-bract vervain

Verbena brasiliensis Brazilian vervain (I)

Verbena canescens Gray vervain

Verbena halei Slim vervain, Texas vervain

Verbena neomexicana Hillside verbena

Verbena scabra Harsh vervain

Verbena xutha Coarse vervain

VIOLACEAE VIOLET FAMILY

Hybanthus verticillatus Green violet

Viola bicolor Field pansy

VISCACEAE MISTLETOE FAMILY

Phoradendron tomentosum v. tomentosum Mistletoe

VITACEAE GRAPE FAMILY

Ampelopsis arborea Peppervine

Ampelopsis cordata Heart-leaf ampelopsis

Cissus incisa Ivy treebine

*Parthenocissus heptaphylla *Seven-leaf creeper

Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeper

Vitis cinerea var. helleri Winter grape, Spanish grape

*Vitis monticola *Mountain grape

Vitis mustangensis Mustang grape
19

ZANNICHELLIACEAE HORNED PONDWEED FAMILY

Zannichellia palustris Horned pondweed

ZYGOPHYLLACEAE CALTROP FAMILY

Kallstroemia parviflora Warty Caltrop
20

Cultivated plants found principally or exclusively around old homesites or adjacent to subdivisions:

Abelia sp. Abelia (I) (Arnold tract)

Agave sp. Agave (I) (Warbler Vista)

Asparagus officinalis Asparagus (I) (Martin)

Broussonetia papyrifera Paper mulberry (I) (Beard)

Cortaderia selloana Pampas grass (I) (Whitewater Springs)

Gelsimium sempervirens Carolina-jessamine (I) (Arnold)

Ficus carica Common fig (I) (Nagel, etc.)

Fraxinus velutinus Arizona ash (I) (Barho)

Hesperaloe parviflora Red yucca (Warbler Vista; native further west)

Iris germanica Garden iris (I) (Arnold, Beard)

Iris pseudacorus Yellow iris, yellow-flag (I) (Arnold)

Lagerstroemia indica Crape-myrtle (Barho)

Lathyrus hirsutus Rough pea (I) (Martin)

Ligustrum sp. Privet, ligustrum (I) (Arnold; occasional elsewhere)

Maclura pomifera Osage-orange (I) (Eckhardt)

Mirabilis jalapa Four-O’Clock (Flying X)

Nerium oleander Oleander (I) (RR 1431)

Opuntia imbricata Tree cholla (Warbler Vista; native of W. Texas)

Phacelia patuliflora Blue phacelia (A native flower from nearby Marble Falls,

 introduced accidentally in granite gravel;

 not persistent.)

Prunus persica Peach (I) (Arnold)

Punica granatum Pomegranate (I) (Arnold)

Pyrus calleryana Pear (I) (Flying X)

Stenotaphrum secundatum St. Augustine Grass (I) (Flying X, Beard)

Thuja orientalis Arbor-vitae (I) (New Salem)

Ulmus pumila Siberian elm (I) (Arnold)

Vinca major Bigleaf Periwinkle (I) (Eckhardt, Simons)

Vitex agnus-castus Hemp-tree (I) (Arnold, New Salem)

Hypothetical or dubious taxa:

Trepocarpus aethusae --- (Apiaceae)

Grindelia lanceolata Gulf Gumweed (Asteraceae)

Tiquilia canescens Oreja de Perro (Boraginaceae)

Ditaxis aphoroides Hill Country Wild Mercury (Euphorbiaceae)

Euphorbia roemeriana Roemer spurge (Euphorbiaceae)

Geranium carolinianum Carolina geranium (Geraniaceae)

Linum pratense Meadow flax (Linaceae)

Calylophus serrulatus Yellow evening primrose (Onagraceae)

Corallorhiza maculata Spotted coralroot (Orchidaceae)

Physalis angulata Cut-leaf ground-cherry (Solanaceae)

Physalis mollis Field ground-cherry (Solanaceae)

Tilia americana v. caroliniana Carolina basswood (Tiliaceae)

Celtis lindheimeri Lindheimer hackberry (Ulmaceae)
21

NOTES:

Taxonomic nomenclature for this list was originally based on Correll and Johnston (1979) as updated by Johnston

(1988), Hatch et al. (1990), and Carr (1996). The list has recently been updated, with a few exceptions, to align with the

taxonomy in the Flora of North-Central Texas (Diggs et al., 1999). For convenience, the sequence is alphabetic by

family (across both monocots and dicots), genus, and species. Common names are selected from the aforementioned

sources and occasionally from Enquist (1987).

As of April 14, 2008, this checklist included 728 species and varieties of plants (plus one recognized hybrid oak

variety). This excludes 14 taxa considered hypothetical and an additional eight species listed in [brackets] which have

been identified or collected very near the refuge but outside of the 80,000-acre refuge boundary. Fifty-seven taxa (7.8%)

are endemic to Texas and most of these are confined to the Edwards Plateau or general Central Texas region. Eighty

species (11%) are not native to North America; one grass species native to west Texas was apparently introduced in hay.

In addition, at least 24 cultivated taxa are found primarily around old homesites and are generally not considered persistent

members of the Refuge flora. Ten additional species of wildlife-friendly, native Texas plants have been planted at the

Refuge office which are not found elsewhere on the Refuge. One introduced species (Phacelia patuliflora, Blue phacelia)

is a native wildflower just a few miles west of the Refuge but was introduced (and did not persist) on granite gravel

imported onto the Refuge from nearby Marble Falls. Numerous specimens remain to be identified and undoubtedly

further discoveries will be made on the Refuge.

Two plant species, Torrey crag-lily (Echeandia flavenscens) and Showy menodora (Menodora longiflora) are known

from Travis County only within the Refuge and both of these taxa are at the extreme eastern edge of their range. A few

populations of the tiny, inconspicuous wildflower Greenman’s bluet’s (Houstonia parviflora) first encountered in 1999

represented the first collections of this species in nearly 85 years. The Refuge harbors the type locality and probably the

largest stands of the endemic Texabama croton (Croton alabamensis var. texensis), which is known also from nearby

Pace Bend Park and from Fort Hood. The largest populations of the rare Sycamore-leaf snowbells (Styrax platanifolia)

apparently occur within the Refuge. Blueweed (Echium vulgare), a robust weed of the midwest and eastern United States,

was documented for Texas for the first time in 1996 by a staff member and volunteer at a single site near Bertram, Texas,

a few miles north of the Refuge.

If you have corrections to the list or additional records of interest (e.g., new species or records of uncommon

species), please send pertinent data, including collection date, flowering dates, locations, specimen id number and

location, etc., to:

Refuge Manager

Balcones Canyonlands NWR

24518 FM 1431

Marble Falls, Texas 78654

(512) 339-9432

A voucher collection is maintained at the Refuge headquarters. Currently, well over 90% of all taxa on this list

(excluding cultivated plants) are documented by one or more specimens. Duplicate specimens obtained by researchers and

other permitees are welcomed. The collection is available for examination during regular business hours by appointment.

Contact Dr. Chuck Sexton, Wildlife Biologist, at the above address for further information about this checklist and the

voucher collection.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS:

Biological Technicians Eddie Hertz and Bill Reiner Jr. have been tireless in their searches for new taxa on the Refuge

before (as volunteers) and during their tenure on staff. A number of other volunteers have contributed important records

to this list. Prominent among these are botanist Dr. William R. Carr and John Kelly. Dr. Carr kindly reviewed the

Refuge herbaium collection and made many new annotations in April 1996. We have also benefitted greatly from Dr.

Carr’s draft manuscript of a Travis County flora (Carr 1996), from lists for Travis and Burnet counties provided by

Edward A. Kutac, and from the online Travis County Flora Project (Carr 2005).
22

REFERENCES:

Carr, W. R. 1996. An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Travis County, Texas. November 1996 Draft.

Carr, W. R. 2005. Travis County Flora Project. Online document at:

http://www.npsot.org/Austin/TravisCountyFlora/default.html . Website maintained by the Native Plant Society of

Texas. Revised, 16 Oct 2005, accessed 14 Apr 2008.

Correll, D. S. and M. C. Johnston. 1979. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas. 2nd printing. Contr. Texas Res.

Found., Vol. 6. Univ. Texas at Dalas, Richardson, Texas.

Diggs, G. M., Jr., B. L. Lipscomb, and R. J. O’Kennon. 1999. Shinners & Mahler’s Illustrated Flora of North Central

Texas. Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth, Texas.

Enquist, M. 1987. Wildflowers of the Texas Hill Country. Lone Star Botanical, Austin, Texas.

Gould, F. W. 1975. The grasses of Texas. Texas A&M Univ. Press, College Station, Texas.

Hatch, S. L., K. N. Gandhi, and L. E. Brown. 1990. Checklist of vascular plants of Texas. Texas Agr. Exper. Station,

College Station, Texas.

Johnston, M. C. 1988. The vascular plants of Texas. A list, up-dating the "Manual of Vascular Plants of Texas”.

Published by M. C. Johnston.