8

Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing Chapter 8

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Appendix 8.A: Lifetimes, Radiative Efficiencies and Metric Values

Table 8.A.1 | Radiative efficiencies (REs), lifetimes/adjustment times, AGWP and GWP values for 20 and 100 years, and AGTP and GTP values for 20, 50 and 100 years. Climate–carbon feedbacks are included for CO2 while no climate feedbacks are included for the other components (see discussion in Sections 8.7.1.4 and 8.7.2.1, Supplementary Material and notes below the table; Supplementary Material Table 8.SM.16 gives analogous values including climate–carbon feedbacks for non-CO2 emissions). For a complete list of chemical names and CAS numbers, and for accurate replications of metric values, see Supplementary Material Section 8.SM.13 and references therein.

Acronym, Common 

Name or Chemical Name Chemical Formula Lifetime (Years)

Radiative

Efficiency

(W m–2

ppb–1)

AGWP

20-year

(W m–2

yr kg–1)

GWP

20-year

AGWP

100-year

(W m–2

yr kg–1)

GWP

100-year

AGTP

20-year

(K kg–1)

GTP

20-year

AGTP

50-year

(K kg–1)

GTP

50-year

AGTP

100-year

(K kg–1)

GTP

100-year

Carbon dioxide CO2 see* 1.37e-5 2.49e-14 1 9.17e-14 1 6.84e-16 1 6.17e-16 1 5.47e-16 1Methane CH4 12.4† 3.63e-4 2.09e-12 84 2.61e-12 28 4.62e-14 67 8.69e-15 14 2.34e-15 4Fossil methane‡ CH4 12.4† 3.63e-4 2.11e-12 85 2.73e-12 30 4.68e-14 68 9.55e-15 15 3.11e-15 6Nitrous Oxide N O2 121† 3.00e-3 6.58e-12 264 2.43e-11 265 1.89e-13 277 1.74e-13 282 1.28e-13 234ChlorofluorocarbonsCFC-11 CCl3F 45.0 0.26 1.72e-10 6900 4.28e-10 4660 4.71e-12 6890 3.01e-12 4890 1.28e-12 2340CFC-12 CCl2F2 100.0 0.32 2.69e-10 10,800 9.39e-10 10,200 7.71e-12 11,300 6.75e-12 11,000 4.62e-12 8450CFC-13 CClF3 640.0 0.25 2.71e-10 10,900 1.27e-09 13,900 7.99e-12 11,700 8.77e-12 14,200 8.71e-12 15,900CFC-113 CCl2FCClF2 85.0 0.30 1.62e-10 6490 5.34e-10 5820 4.60e-12 6730 3.85e-12 6250 2.45e-12 4470CFC-114 CClF2CClF2 190.0 0.31 1.92e-10 7710 7.88e-10 8590 5.60e-12 8190 5.56e-12 9020 4.68e-12 8550CFC-115 CClF2CF3 1,020.0 0.20 1.46e-10 5860 7.03e-10 7670 4.32e-12 6310 4.81e-12 7810 4.91e-12 8980HydrochlorofluorocarbonsHCFC-21 CHCl2F 1.7 0.15 1.35e-11 543 1.35e-11 148 1.31e-13 192 1.59e-14 26 1.12e-14 20HCFC-22 CHClF2 11.9 0.21 1.32e-10 5280 1.62e-10 1760 2.87e-12 4200 5.13e-13 832 1.43e-13 262HCFC-122 CHCl2CF2Cl 1.0 0.17 5.43e-12 218 5.43e-12 59 4.81e-14 70 6.25e-15 10 4.47e-15 8HCFC-122a CHFClCFCl2 3.4 0.21 2.36e-11 945 2.37e-11 258 2.91e-13 426 2.99e-14 48 1.96e-14 36HCFC-123 CHCl2CF3 1.3 0.15 7.28e-12 292 7.28e-12 79 6.71e-14 98 8.45e-15 14 6.00e-15 11HCFC-123a CHClFCF2Cl 4.0 0.23 3.37e-11 1350 3.39e-11 370 4.51e-13 659 4.44e-14 72 2.81e-14 51HCFC-124 CHClFCF3 5.9 0.20 4.67e-11 1870 4.83e-11 527 7.63e-13 1120 7.46e-14 121 4.03e-14 74HCFC-132c CH2FCFCl2 4.3 0.17 3.07e-11 1230 3.10e-11 338 4.27e-13 624 4.14e-14 67 2.58e-14 47HCFC-141b CH3CCl2F 9.2 0.16 6.36e-11 2550 7.17e-11 782 1.27e-12 1850 1.67e-13 271 6.09e-14 111HCFC-142b CH3CClF2 17.2 0.19 1.25e-10 5020 1.82e-10 1980 3.01e-12 4390 8.46e-13 1370 1.95e-13 356HCFC-225ca CHCl2CF2CF3 1.9 0.22 1.17e-11 469 1.17e-11 127 1.17e-13 170 1.38e-14 22 9.65e-15 18HCFC-225cb CHClFCF2CClF2 5.9 0.29 4.65e-11 1860 4.81e-11 525 7.61e-13 1110 7.43e-14 120 4.01e-14 73(E)-1-Chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene trans-CF3CH=CHCl 26.0 days 0.04 1.37e-13 5 1.37e-13 1 1.09e-15 2 1.54e-16 <1 1.12e-16 <1

(continued on next page)
8

Chapter 8 Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing

732

Table 8.A.1 (continued)(continued on next page)

Acronym, Common Name 

or Chemical Name

Chemical 

Formula

Lifetime

(Years)

Radiative

Efficiency

(W m–2

ppb–1)

AGWP

20-year

(W m–2

yr kg–1)

GWP

20-year

AGWP

100-year

(W m–2

yr kg–1)

GWP

100-year

AGTP

20-year

(K kg–1)

GTP

20-year

AGTP

50-year

(K kg–1)

GTP

50-year

AGTP

100-year

(K kg–1)

GTP

100-year

HydrofluorocarbonsHFC-23 CHF3 222.0 0.18 2.70e-10 10,800 1.14e-09 12,400 7.88e-12 11,500 7.99e-12 13,000 6.95e-12 12,700HFC-32 CH2F2 5.2 0.11 6.07e-11 2430 6.21e-11 677 9.32e-13 1360 8.93e-14 145 5.17e-14 94HFC-41 CH3F 2.8 0.02 1.07e-11 427 1.07e-11 116 1.21e-13 177 1.31e-14 21 8.82e-15 16HFC-125 CHF2CF3 28.2 0.23 1.52e-10 6090 2.91e-10 3170 3.97e-12 5800 1.84e-12 2980 5.29e-13 967HFC-134 CHF2CHF2 9.7 0.19 8.93e-11 3580 1.02e-10 1120 1.82e-12 2660 2.54e-13 412 8.73e-14 160HFC-134a CH2FCF3 13.4 0.16 9.26e-11 3710 1.19e-10 1300 2.09e-12 3050 4.33e-13 703 1.10e-13 201HFC-143 CH2FCHF2 3.5 0.13 3.00e-11 1200 3.01e-11 328 3.76e-13 549 3.82e-14 62 2.49e-14 46HFC-143a CH3CF3 47.1 0.16 1.73e-10 6940 4.41e-10 4800 4.76e-12 6960 3.12e-12 5060 1.37e-12 2500HFC-152 CH2FCH2F 0.4 0.04 1.51e-12 60 1.51e-12 16 1.25e-14 18 1.71e-15 3 1.24e-15 2HFC-152a CH3CHF2 1.5 0.10 1.26e-11 506 1.26e-11 138 1.19e-13 174 1.47e-14 24 1.04e-14 19HFC-161 CH3CH2F 66.0 days 0.02 3.33e-13 13 3.33e-13 4 2.70e-15 4 3.76e-16 <1 2.74e-16 <1HFC-227ca CF3CF2CHF2 28.2 0.27 1.27e-10 5080 2.42e-10 2640 3.31e-12 4830 1.53e-12 2480 4.41e-13 806HFC-227ea CF3CHFCF3 38.9 0.26 1.34e-10 5360 3.07e-10 3350 3.61e-12 5280 2.12e-12 3440 7.98e-13 1460HFC-236cb CH2FCF2CF3 13.1 0.23 8.67e-11 3480 1.11e-10 1210 1.94e-12 2840 3.92e-13 636 1.01e-13 185HFC-236ea CHF2CHFCF3 11.0 0.30a 1.03e-10 4110 1.22e-10 1330 2.18e-12 3190 3.53e-13 573 1.06e-13 195HFC-236fa CF3CH2CF3 242.0 0.24 1.73e-10 6940 7.39e-10 8060 5.06e-12 7400 5.18e-12 8400 4.58e-12 8380HFC-245ca CH2FCF2CHF2 6.5 0.24b 6.26e-11 2510 6.56e-11 716 1.07e-12 1570 1.09e-13 176 5.49e-14 100HFC-245cb CF3CF2CH3 47.1 0.24 1.67e-10 6680 4.24e-10 4620 4.58e-12 6690 3.00e-12 4870 1.32e-12 2410HFC-245ea CHF2CHFCHF2 3.2 0.16c 2.15e-11 863 2.16e-11 235 2.59e-13 378 2.70e-14 44 1.79e-14 33HFC-245eb CH2FCHFCF3 3.1 0.20c 2.66e-11 1070 2.66e-11 290 3.15e-13 460 3.31e-14 54 2.20e-14 40HFC-245fa CHF2CH2CF3 7.7 0.24 7.29e-11 2920 7.87e-11 858 1.35e-12 1970 1.51e-13 245 6.62e-14 121HFC-263fb CH3CH2CF3 1.2 0.10c 6.93e-12 278 6.93e-12 76 6.31e-14 92 8.02e-15 13 5.70e-15 10HFC-272ca CH3CF2CH3 2.6 0.07 1.32e-11 530 1.32e-11 144 1.46e-13 213 1.61e-14 26 1.09e-14 20HFC-329p CHF2CF2CF2CF3 28.4 0.31 1.13e-10 4510 2.16e-10 2360 2.94e-12 4290 1.37e-12 2220 3.96e-13 725HFC-365mfc CH3CF2CH2CF3 8.7 0.22 6.64e-11 2660 7.38e-11 804 1.30e-12 1890 1.62e-13 262 6.24e-14 114HFC-43-10mee CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3 16.1 0.42b 1.08e-10 4310 1.51e-10 1650 2.54e-12 3720 6.62e-13 1070 1.54e-13 281HFC-1132a CH =CF 2 2 4.0 days 0.004d 3.87e-15 <1 3.87e-15 <1 3.08e-17 <1 4.35e-18 <1 3.18e-18 <1HFC-1141 CH =CHF 2 2.1 days 0.002d 1.54e-15 <1 1.54e-15 <1 1.23e-17 <1 1.73e-18 <1 1.27e-18 <1(Z)-HFC-1225ye CF3CF=CHF(Z) 8.5 days 0.02 2.14e-14 <1 2.14e-14 <1 1.70e-16 <1 2.40e-17 <1 1.76e-17 <1(E)-HFC-1225ye CF3CF=CHF(E) 4.9 days 0.01 7.25e-15 <1 7.25e-15 <1 5.77e-17 <1 8.14e-18 <1 5.95e-18 <1(Z)-HFC-1234ze CF3CH=CHF(Z) 10.0 days 0.02 2.61e-14 1 2.61e-14 <1 2.08e-16 <1 2.93e-17 <1 2.14e-17 <1HFC-1234yf CF3CF=CH2 10.5 days 0.02 3.22e-14 1 3.22e-14 <1 2.57e-16 <1 3.62e-17 <1 2.65e-17 <1(E)-HFC-1234ze trans-CF3CH=CHF 16.4 days 0.04 8.74e-14 4 8.74e-14 <1 6.98e-16 <1 9.82e-17 <1 7.18e-17 <1(Z)-HFC-1336 CF3CH=CHCF3(Z) 22.0 days 0.07d 1.54e-13 6 1.54e-13 2 1.23e-15 2 1.73e-16 <1 1.26e-16 <1
8

Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing Chapter 8

733

Table 8.A.1 (continued)(continued on next page)

Acronym, Common Name or Chemical Name Chemical Formula Lifetime (Years)

Radiative

Efficiency

(W m–2

ppb–1)

AGWP

20-year

(W m–2

yr kg–1)

GWP

20-year

AGWP

100-year

(W m–2

yr kg–1)

GWP

100-year

AGTP

20-year

(K kg–1)

GTP

20-year

AGTP

50-year

(K kg–1)

GTP

50-year

AGTP

100-year

(K kg–1)

GTP

100-year

HFC-1243zf CF3CH=CH2 7.0 days 0.01 1.37e-14 1 1.37e-14 <1 1.09e-16 <1 1.53e-17 <1 1.12e-17 <1HFC-1345zfc C2F5CH=CH2 7.6 days 0.01 1.15e-14 <1 1.15e-14 <1 9.19e-17 <1 1.30e-17 <1 9.48e-18 <13,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-Nonafluorohex-1-ene C4F9CH=CH2 7.6 days 0.03 1.25e-14 <1 1.25e-14 <1 9.92e-17 <1 1.40e-17 <1 1.02e-17 <13,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-Tridecafluorooct-1-ene C6F13CH=CH2 7.6 days 0.03 9.89e-15 <1 9.89e-15 <1 7.87e-17 <1 1.11e-17 <1 8.12e-18 <13,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-Heptadecafluorodec-1-ene C8F17CH=CH2 7.6 days 0.03 8.52e-15 <1 8.52e-15 <1 6.79e-17 <1 9.57e-18 <1 7.00e-18 <1Chlorocarbons and HydrochlorocarbonsMethyl chloroform CH3CCl3 5.0 0.07 1.44e-11 578 1.47e-11 160 2.17e-13 317 2.07e-14 34 1.22e-14 22Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 26.0 0.17 8.69e-11 3480 1.59e-10 1730 2.24e-12 3280 9.68e-13 1570 2.62e-13 479Methyl chloride CH3Cl 1.0 0.01a 1.12e-12 45 1.12e-12 12 9.93e-15 15 1.29e-15 2 9.20e-16 2Methylene chloride CH2Cl2 0.4 0.03b 8.18e-13 33 8.18e-13 9 6.78e-15 10 9.26e-16 2 6.72e-16 1Chloroform CHCl3 0.4 0.08 1.50e-12 60 1.50e-12 16 1.25e-14 18 1.70e-15 3 1.24e-15 21,2-Dichloroethane CH2ClCH2Cl 65.0 days 0.01 8.24e-14 3 8.24e-14 <1 6.67e-16 <1 9.29e-17 <1 6.77e-17 <1Bromocarbons, Hydrobromocarbons and HalonsMethyl bromide CH3Br 0.8 0.004 2.16e-13 9 2.16e-13 2 1.87e-15 3 2.47e-16 <1 1.78e-16 <1Methylene bromide CH2Br2 0.3 0.01 9.31e-14 4 9.31e-14 1 7.66e-16 1 1.05e-16 <1 7.65e-17 <1Halon-1201 CHBrF2 5.2 0.15 3.37e-11 1350 3.45e-11 376 5.17e-13 756 4.96e-14 80 2.87e-14 52Halon-1202 CBr2F2 2.9 0.27 2.12e-11 848 2.12e-11 231 2.43e-13 356 2.61e-14 42 1.75e-14 32Halon-1211 CBrClF2 16.0 0.29 1.15e-10 4590 1.60e-10 1750 2.70e-12 3950 6.98e-13 1130 1.62e-13 297Halon-1301 CBrF3 65.0 0.30 1.95e-10 7800 5.77e-10 6290 5.46e-12 7990 4.16e-12 6750 2.28e-12 4170Halon-2301 CH2BrCF3 3.4 0.14 1.59e-11 635 1.59e-11 173 1.96e-13 286 2.01e-14 33 1.32e-14 24Halon-2311 / Halothane CHBrClCF3 1.0 0.13 3.77e-12 151 3.77e-12 41 3.35e-14 49 4.34e-15 7 3.10e-15 6Halon-2401 CHFBrCF3 2.9 0.19 1.68e-11 674 1.68e-11 184 1.94e-13 283 2.07e-14 34 1.39e-14 25Halon-2402 CBrF2CBrF2 20.0 0.31 8.59e-11 3440 1.35e-10 1470 2.12e-12 3100 7.08e-13 1150 1.66e-13 304Fully Fluorinated SpeciesNitrogen trifluoride NF3 500.0 0.20 3.19e-10 12,800 1.47e-09 16,100 9.39e-12 13,700 1.02e-11 16,500 9.91e-12 18,100Sulphur hexafluoride SF6 3,200.0 0.57 4.37e-10 17,500 2.16e-09 23,500 1.29e-11 18,900 1.47e-11 23,800 1.54e-11 28,200(Trifluoromethyl) sulphur pentafluoride SF5CF3 800.0 0.59 3.36e-10 13,500 1.60e-09 17,400 9.93e-12 14,500 1.10e-11 17,800 1.11e-11 20,200Sulphuryl fluoride SO2F2 36.0 0.20 1.71e-10 6840 3.76e-10 4090 4.58e-12 6690 2.55e-12 4140 9.01e-13 1650PFC-14 CF4 50,000.0 0.09 1.22e-10 4880 6.08e-10 6630 3.61e-12 5270 4.12e-12 6690 4.40e-12 8040PFC-116 C2F6 10,000.0 0.25 2.05e-10 8210 1.02e-09 11,100 6.07e-12 8880 6.93e-12 11,200 7.36e-12 13,500PFC-c216 c-C3F6 3,000.0 0.23e 1.71e-10 6850 8.44e-10 9200 5.06e-12 7400 5.74e-12 9310 6.03e-12 11,000PFC-218 C3F8 2,600.0 0.28 1.66e-10 6640 8.16e-10 8900 4.91e-12 7180 5.56e-12 9010 5.83e-12 10,700PFC-318 c-C4F8 3,200.0 0.32 1.77e-10 7110 8.75e-10 9540 5.25e-12 7680 5.96e-12 9660 6.27e-12 11,500
8

Chapter 8 Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing

734

Acronym, Common Name or Chemical Name Chemical Formula Lifetime (Years)

Radiative

Efficiency

(W m–2

ppb–1)

AGWP

20-year

(W m–2

yr kg–1)

GWP

20-year

AGWP

100-year

(W m–2

yr kg–1)

GWP

100-year

AGTP

20-year

(K kg–1)

GTP

20-year

AGTP

50-year

(K kg–1)

GTP

50-year

AGTP

100-year

(K kg–1)

GTP

100-year

PFC-31-10 C4F10 2,600.0 0.36 1.71e-10 6870 8.44e-10 9200 5.08e-12 7420 5.75e-12 9320 6.02e-12 11,000Perfluorocyclopentene c-C5F8 31.0 days 0.08f 1.71e-13 7 1.71e-13 2 1.37e-15 2 1.92e-16 <1 1.40e-16 <1PFC-41-12 n-C5F12 4,100.0 0.41 1.58e-10 6350 7.84e-10 8550 4.69e-12 6860 5.33e-12 8650 5.62e-12 10,300PFC-51-14 n-C6F14 3,100.0 0.44 1.47e-10 5890 7.26e-10 7910 4.35e-12 6370 4.94e-12 8010 5.19e-12 9490PFC-61-16 n-C7F16 3,000.0 0.50 1.45e-10 5830 7.17e-10 7820 4.31e-12 6290 4.88e-12 7920 5.13e-12 9380PFC-71-18 C8F18 3,000.0 0.55 1.42e-10 5680 6.99e-10 7620 4.20e-12 6130 4.76e-12 7710 5.00e-12 9140PFC-91-18 C10F18 2,000.0 0.55 1.34e-10 5390 6.59e-10 7190 3.98e-12 5820 4.49e-12 7290 4.68e-12 8570Perfluorodecalin (cis) Z-C10F18 2,000.0 0.56 1.35e-10 5430 6.64e-10 7240 4.01e-12 5860 4.52e-12 7340 4.72e-12 8630Perfluorodecalin (trans) E-C10F18 2,000.0 0.48 1.18e-10 4720 5.77e-10 6290 3.48e-12 5090 3.93e-12 6380 4.10e-12 7500PFC-1114 CF =CF 2 2 1.1 days 0.002 2.68e-16 <1 2.68e-16 <1 2.13e-18 <1 3.00e-19 <1 2.20e-19 <1PFC-1216 CF3CF=CF2 4.9 days 0.01 6.42e-15 <1 6.42e-15 <1 5.11e-17 <1 7.21e-18 <1 5.27e-18 <1Perfluorobuta-1,3-diene CF =CFCF=CF 2 2 1.1 days 0.003 3.29e-16 <1 3.29e-16 <1 2.61e-18 <1 3.69e-19 <1 2.70e-19 <1Perfluorobut-1-ene CF3CF2CF=CF2 6.0 days 0.02 8.38e-15 <1 8.38e-15 <1 6.67e-17 <1 9.41e-18 <1 6.88e-18 <1Perfluorobut-2-ene CF3CF=CFCF3 31.0 days 0.07 1.62e-13 6 1.62e-13 2 1.30e-15 2 1.82e-16 <1 1.33e-16 <1Halogenated Alcohols and EthersHFE-125 CHF OCF 2 3 119.0 0.41 3.10e-10 12,400 1.14e-09 12,400 8.91e-12 13,000 8.14e-12 13,200 5.97e-12 10,900HFE-134 (HG-00) CHF OCHF 2 2 24.4 0.44 2.90e-10 11,600 5.10e-10 5560 7.42e-12 10,800 3.02e-12 4900 7.83e-13 1430HFE-143a CH OCF 3 3 4.8 0.18 4.72e-11 1890 4.80e-11 523 6.95e-13 1020 6.66e-14 108 3.99e-14 73HFE-227ea CF3CHFOCF3 51.6 0.44 2.22e-10 8900 5.92e-10 6450 6.15e-12 8980 4.22e-12 6850 1.98e-12 3630HCFE-235ca2 (enflurane) CHF OCF 2 2CHFCl 4.3 0.41 5.30e-11 2120 5.35e-11 583 7.36e-13 1080 7.14e-14 116 4.44e-14 81HCFE-235da2 (isoflurane) CHF OCHClCF 2 3 3.5 0.42 4.49e-11 1800 4.50e-11 491 5.62e-13 822 5.72e-14 93 3.73e-14 68HFE-236ca CHF OCF 2 2CHF2 20.8 0.56g 2.42e-10 9710 3.89e-10 4240 6.03e-12 8820 2.10e-12 3400 4.98e-13 912HFE-236ea2 (desflurane) CHF OCHFCF 2 3 10.8 0.45 1.39e-10 5550 1.64e-10 1790 2.93e-12 4280 4.64e-13 753 1.42e-13 260HFE-236fa CF3CH OCF 2 3 7.5 0.36 8.35e-11 3350 8.98e-11 979 1.53e-12 2240 1.68e-13 273 7.54e-14 138HFE-245cb2 CF3CF OCH 2 3 4.9 0.33 5.90e-11 2360 6.00e-11 654 8.77e-13 1280 8.40e-14 136 4.99e-14 91HFE-245fa1 CHF2CH OCF 2 3 6.6 0.31 7.22e-11 2900 7.59e-11 828 1.25e-12 1820 1.27e-13 206 6.35e-14 116HFE-245fa2 CHF OCH 2 2CF3 5.5 0.36 7.25e-11 2910 7.45e-11 812 1.15e-12 1670 1.10e-13 179 6.21e-14 1142,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoropropan-1-ol CF3CF2CH OH 2 0.3 0.14 1.72e-12 69 1.72e-12 19 1.42e-14 21 1.95e-15 3 1.42e-15 3HFE-254cb1 CH OCF 3 2CHF2 2.5 0.26 2.76e-11 1110 2.76e-11 301 2.99e-13 438 3.34e-14 54 2.28e-14 42HFE-263fb2 CF3CH OCH 2 3 23.0 days 0.04 1.22e-13 5 1.22e-13 1 9.72e-16 1 1.37e-16 <1 9.98e-17 <1HFE-263m1 CF OCH 3 2CH3 0.4 0.13 2.70e-12 108 2.70e-12 29 2.25e-14 33 3.06e-15 5 2.22e-15 43,3,3-Trifluoropropan-1-ol CF3CH2CH OH 2 12.0 days 0.02 3.57e-14 1 3.57e-14 <1 2.85e-16 <1 4.01e-17 <1 2.93e-17 <1HFE-329mcc2 CHF2CF OCF 2 2CF3 22.5 0.53 1.68e-10 6720 2.81e-10 3070 4.23e-12 6180 1.59e-12 2580 3.93e-13 718HFE-338mmz1 (CF3)2CHOCHF2 21.2 0.44 1.48e-10 5940 2.40e-10 2620 3.70e-12 5410 1.31e-12 2130 3.14e-13 575

Table 8.A.1 (continued)(continued on next page)
8

Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing Chapter 8

735

Acronym, Common Name or Chemical Name Chemical Formula Lifetime (Years)

Radiative

Efficiency

(W m–2

ppb–1)

AGWP

20-year

(W m–2

yr kg–1)

GWP

20-year

AGWP

100-year

(W m–2

yr kg–1)

GWP

100-year

AGTP

20-year

(K kg–1)

GTP

20-year

AGTP

50-year

(K kg–1)

GTP

50-year

AGTP

100-year

(K kg–1)

GTP

100-year

HFE-338mcf2 CF3CH OCF 2 2CF3 7.5 0.44 7.93e-11 3180 8.52e-11 929 1.45e-12 2120 1.60e-13 259 7.16e-14 131Sevoflurane (HFE-347mmz1) (CF3)2CHOCH2F 2.2 0.32 1.98e-11 795 1.98e-11 216 2.06e-13 302 2.37e-14 38 1.64e-14 30HFE-347mcc3 (HFE-7000) CH OCF 3 2CF2CF3 5.0 0.35 4.78e-11 1910 4.86e-11 530 7.18e-13 1050 6.87e-14 111 4.05e-14 74HFE-347mcf2 CHF2CH OCF 2 2CF3 6.6 0.42 7.45e-11 2990 7.83e-11 854 1.29e-12 1880 1.31e-13 212 6.55e-14 120HFE-347pcf2 CHF2CF OCH 2 2CF3 6.0 0.48h 7.86e-11 3150 8.15e-11 889 1.30e-12 1900 1.27e-13 206 6.81e-14 124HFE-347mmy1 (CF3)2CFOCH3 3.7 0.32 3.32e-11 1330 3.33e-11 363 4.27e-13 624 4.28e-14 69 2.76e-14 51HFE-356mec3 CH OCF 3 2CHFCF3 3.8 0.30 3.53e-11 1410 3.55e-11 387 4.60e-13 673 4.58e-14 74 2.94e-14 54HFE-356mff2 CF3CH OCH 2 2CF3 105.0 days 0.17 1.54e-12 62 1.54e-12 17 1.26e-14 18 1.74e-15 3 1.26e-15 2HFE-356pcf2 CHF2CH OCF 2 2CHF2 5.7 0.37 6.40e-11 2560 6.59e-11 719 1.03e-12 1500 9.97e-14 162 5.50e-14 101HFE-356pcf3 CHF OCH 2 2CF2CHF2 3.5 0.38 4.08e-11 1640 4.09e-11 446 5.11e-13 747 5.20e-14 84 3.39e-14 62HFE-356pcc3 CH OCF 3 2CF2CHF2 3.8 0.32 3.77e-11 1510 3.79e-11 413 4.91e-13 718 4.89e-14 79 3.14e-14 57HFE-356mmz1 (CF3)2CHOCH3 97.1 days 0.15 1.25e-12 50 1.25e-12 14 1.02e-14 15 1.41e-15 2 1.02e-15 2HFE-365mcf3 CF3CF2CH OCH 2 3 19.3 days 0.05 8.51e-14 3 8.51e-14 <1 6.80e-16 <1 9.56e-17 <1 6.99e-17 <1HFE-365mcf2 CF3CF OCH 2 2CH3 0.6 0.26i 5.35e-12 215 5.35e-12 58 4.53e-14 66 6.10e-15 10 4.40e-15 8HFE-374pc2 CHF2CF OCH 2 2CH3 5.0 0.30 5.65e-11 2260 5.75e-11 627 8.48e-13 1240 8.12e-14 132 4.79e-14 884,4,4-Trifluorobutan-1-ol CF3(CH2)2CH OH 2 4.0 days 0.01 1.73e-15 <1 1.73e-15 <1 1.38e-17 <1 1.94e-18 <1 1.42e-18 <12,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-Octafluorocyclopentanol -(CF2)4CH(OH)- 0.3 0.16 1.18e-12 47 1.18e-12 13 9.67e-15 14 1.33e-15 2 9.69e-16 2HFE-43-10pccc124 (H-Galden 1040x, HG-11) CHF OCF 2 OC 2 2F OCHF 4 2 13.5 1.02 2.00e-10 8010 2.58e-10 2820 4.52e-12 6600 9.46e-13 1530 2.38e-13 436HFE-449s1 (HFE-7100) C4F OCH 9 3 4.7 0.36 3.80e-11 1530 3.86e-11 421 5.54e-13 809 5.32e-14 86 3.21e-14 59n-HFE-7100 n-C4F OCH 9 3 4.7 0.42 4.39e-11 1760 4.45e-11 486 6.39e-13 934 6.14e-14 99 3.70e-14 68i-HFE-7100 i-C4F OCH 9 3 4.7 0.35 3.68e-11 1480 3.73e-11 407 5.35e-13 783 5.14e-14 83 3.10e-14 57HFE-569sf2 (HFE-7200) C4F OC 9 2H5 0.8 0.30 5.21e-12 209 5.21e-12 57 4.52e-14 66 5.97e-15 10 4.29e-15 8n-HFE-7200 n-C4F OC 9 2H5 0.8 0.35i 5.92e-12 237 5.92e-12 65 5.14e-14 75 6.78e-15 11 4.87e-15 9i-HFE-7200 i-C4F OC 9 2H5 0.8 0.24 4.06e-12 163 4.06e-12 44 3.52e-14 52 4.65e-15 8 3.34e-15 6HFE-236ca12 (HG-10) CHF OCF 2 OCHF 2 2 25.0 0.65 2.75e-10 11,000 4.91e-10 5350 7.06e-12 10,300 2.94e-12 4770 7.75e-13 1420HFE-338pcc13 (HG-01) CHF OCF 2 2CF OCHF 2 2 12.9 0.86 2.10e-10 8430 2.67e-10 2910 4.69e-12 6860 9.28e-13 1500 2.42e-13 4421,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan-2-ol (CF3)2CHOH 1.9 0.26 1.67e-11 668 1.67e-11 182 1.66e-13 243 1.97e-14 32 1.38e-14 25HG-02 HF2C–(OCF2CF2)2– OCF2H 12.9 1.24i 1.97e-10 7900 2.50e-10 2730 4.40e-12 6430 8.70e-13 1410 2.27e-13 415HG-03 HF2C–(OCF2CF2)3– OCF2H 12.9 1.76i 2.06e-10 8270 2.62e-10 2850 4.60e-12 6730 9.10e-13 1480 2.37e-13 434HG-20 HF2C–(OCF2)2–OCF2H 25.0 0.92i 2.73e-10 10,900 4.86e-10 5300 7.00e-12 10,200 2.91e-12 4730 7.68e-13 1400HG-21 HF2C–OCF2CF OC 2 - F OCF 2 O–CF 2 2H 13.5 1.71i 2.76e-10 11,100 3.57e-10 3890 6.23e-12 9110 1.31e-12 2120 3.29e-13 602

Table 8.A.1 (continued)(continued on next page)
8

Chapter 8 Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing

736

Acronym, Common Name or Chemical Name Chemical Formula Lifetime (Years)

Radiative

Efficiency

(W m–2

ppb–1)

AGWP

20-year

(W m–2

yr kg–1)

GWP

20-year

AGWP

100-year

(W m–2

yr kg–1)

GWP

100-year

AGTP

20-year

(K kg–1)

GTP

20-year

AGTP

50-year

(K kg–1)

GTP

50-year

AGTP

100-year

(K kg–1)

GTP

100-year

HG-30 HF2C–(OCF2)3–OCF2H 25.0 1.65i 3.77e-10 15,100 6.73e-10 7330 9.68e-12 14,100 4.03e-12 6530 1.06e-12 19401-Ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane CF3CF2CF OCH 2 2CH3 0.8 0.28i 5.56e-12 223 5.56e-12 61 4.80e-14 70 6.36e-15 10 4.57e-15 8Fluoroxene CF3CH OCH=CH 2 2 3.6 days 0.01i 4.97e-15 <1 4.97e-15 <1 3.95e-17 <1 5.58e-18 <1 4.08e-18 <11,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1-(fluoromethoxy)ethane CH2FOCF2CF2H 6.2 0.34i 7.68e-11 3080 7.99e-11 871 1.29e-12 1880 1.28e-13 207 6.68e-14 1222-Ethoxy-3,3,4,4,5-pentafluorotetrahydro-2,5-bis[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-furan C12H5F19O2 1.0 0.49j 5.09e-12 204 5.09e-12 56 4.53e-14 66 5.86e-15 10 4.19e-15 8Fluoro(methoxy)methane CH OCH 3 2F 73.0 days 0.07g 1.15e-12 46 1.15e-12 13 9.34e-15 14 1.30e-15 2 9.46e-16 2Difluoro(methoxy)methane CH OCHF 3 2 1.1 0.17g 1.32e-11 528 1.32e-11 144 1.18e-13 173 1.52e-14 25 1.08e-14 20Fluoro(fluoromethoxy)methane CH2FOCH2F 0.9 0.19g 1.20e-11 479 1.20e-11 130 1.05e-13 153 1.37e-14 22 9.84e-15 18Difluoro(fluoromethoxy)methane CH2FOCHF2 3.3 0.30g 5.65e-11 2260 5.66e-11 617 6.88e-13 1010 7.11e-14 115 4.69e-14 86Trifluoro(fluoromethoxy)methane CH2FOCF3 4.4 0.33g 6.82e-11 2730 6.89e-11 751 9.59e-13 1400 9.27e-14 150 5.72e-14 105HG’-01 CH OCF 3 2CF OCH 2 3 2.0 0.29 2.03e-11 815 2.03e-11 222 2.06e-13 301 2.42e-14 39 1.68e-14 31HG’-02 CH O(CF 3 2CF O) 2 2CH3 2.0 0.56 2.16e-11 868 2.16e-11 236 2.19e-13 320 2.57e-14 42 1.79e-14 33HG’-03 CH O(CF 3 2CF O) 2 3CH3 2.0 0.76 2.03e-11 812 2.03e-11 221 2.05e-13 299 2.41e-14 39 1.67e-14 31HFE-329me3 CF3CFHCF OCF 2 3 40.0 0.48 1.79e-10 7170 4.17e-10 4550 4.85e-12 7090 2.89e-12 4690 1.12e-12 20403,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-Undecafluoroheptan-1-ol CF3(CF2)4CH2CH OH 2 20.0 days 0.06 3.91e-14 2 3.91e-14 <1 3.12e-16 <1 4.39e-17 <1 3.21e-17 <13,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-Pentadecafluorononan-1-ol CF3(CF2)6CH2CH OH 2 20.0 days 0.07 3.00e-14 1 3.00e-14 <1 2.40e-16 <1 3.37e-17 <1 2.46e-17 <13,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11-Nonadecafluoroundecan-1-ol CF3(CF2)8CH2CH OH 2 20.0 days 0.05 1.72e-14 <1 1.72e-14 <1 1.37e-16 <1 1.93e-17 <1 1.41e-17 <12-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoro-1-methoxyethane CH OCF 3 2CHFCl 1.4 0.21 1.12e-11 449 1.12e-11 122 1.05e-13 153 1.31e-14 21 9.24e-15 17PFPMIE (perfluoropolymethylisopropyl ether) CF OCF(CF 3 3) CF OCF 2 OCF 2 3 800.0 0.65 1.87e-10 7500 8.90e-10 9710 5.52e-12 8070 6.11e-12 9910 6.15e-12 11,300HFE-216 CF OCF=CF 3 2 8.4 days 0.02 1.92e-14 <1 1.92e-14 <1 1.53e-16 <1 2.15e-17 <1 1.58e-17 <1Trifluoromethyl formate HCOOCF3 3.5 0.31i 5.37e-11 2150 5.39e-11 588 6.73e-13 984 6.85e-14 111 4.47e-14 82Perfluoroethyl formate HCOOCF2CF3 3.5 0.44i 5.30e-11 2130 5.32e-11 580 6.64e-13 971 6.76e-14 110 4.41e-14 81Perfluoropropyl formate HCOOCF2CF2CF3 2.6 0.50i 3.45e-11 1380 3.45e-11 376 3.80e-13 555 4.19e-14 68 2.85e-14 52Perfluorobutyl formate HCOOCF2CF2CF2CF3 3.0 0.56i 3.59e-11 1440 3.59e-11 392 4.19e-13 613 4.45e-14 72 2.97e-14 542,2,2-Trifluoroethyl formate HCOOCH2CF3 0.4 0.16i 3.07e-12 123 3.07e-12 33 2.55e-14 37 3.48e-15 6 2.52e-15 53,3,3-Trifluoropropyl formate HCOOCH2CH2CF3 0.3 0.13i 1.60e-12 64 1.60e-12 17 1.31e-14 19 1.80e-15 3 1.31e-15 21,2,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl formate HCOOCHFCF3 3.2 0.35i 4.30e-11 1720 4.31e-11 470 5.17e-13 755 5.39e-14 87 3.57e-14 651,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan-2-yl formate HCOOCH(CF3)2 3.2 0.33i 3.05e-11 1220 3.05e-11 333 3.66e-13 535 3.81e-14 62 2.53e-14 46Perfluorobutyl acetate CH3COOCF2CF2CF2CF3 21.9 days 0.12i 1.52e-13 6 1.52e-13 2 1.21e-15 2 1.71e-16 <1 1.25e-16 <1Perfluoropropyl acetate CH3COOCF2CF2CF3 21.9 days 0.11i 1.59e-13 6 1.59e-13 2 1.27e-15 2 1.78e-16 <1 1.30e-16 <1Perfluoroethyl acetate CH3COOCF2CF3 21.9 days 0.10i 1.89e-13 8 1.89e-13 2 1.51e-15 2 2.12e-16 <1 1.55e-16 <1Trifluoromethyl acetate CH3COOCF3 21.9 days 0.07i 1.90e-13 8 1.90e-13 2 1.52e-15 2 2.14e-16 <1 1.56e-16 <1

Table 8.A.1 (continued)(continued on next page)
8

Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing Chapter 8

737

Acronym, Common Name or Chemical Name Chemical Formula Lifetime (Years)

Radiative

Efficiency

(W m–2

ppb–1)

AGWP

20-year

(W m–2

yr kg–1)

GWP

20-year

AGWP

100-year

(W m–2

yr kg–1)

GWP

100-year

AGTP

20-year

(K kg–1)

GTP

20-year

AGTP

50-year

(K kg–1)

GTP

50-year

AGTP

100-year

(K kg–1)

GTP

100-year

Methyl carbonofluoridate FCOOCH3 1.8 0.07i 8.74e-12 350 8.74e-12 95 8.60e-14 126 1.03e-14 17 7.21e-15 131,1-Difluoroethyl carbonofluoridate FCOOCF2CH3 0.3 0.17i 2.46e-12 99 2.46e-12 27 2.02e-14 30 2.78e-15 5 2.02e-15 41,1-Difluoroethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate CF3COOCF2CH3 0.3 0.27i 2.83e-12 113 2.83e-12 31 2.33e-14 34 3.20e-15 5 2.32e-15 4Ethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate CF3COOCH2CH3 21.9 days 0.05i 1.26e-13 5 1.26e-13 1 1.00e-15 1 1.41e-16 <1 1.03e-16 <12,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate CF3COOCH2CF3 54.8 days 0.15i 6.27e-13 25 6.27e-13 7 5.06e-15 7 7.07e-16 1 5.15e-16 <1Methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate CF3COOCH3 0.6 0.18i 4.80e-12 192 4.80e-12 52 4.08e-14 60 5.47e-15 9 3.95e-15 7Methyl 2,2-difluoroacetate HCF2COOCH3 40.1 days 0.05i 3.00e-13 12 3.00e-13 3 2.41e-15 4 3.38e-16 <1 2.47e-16 <1Difluoromethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate CF3COOCHF2 0.3 0.24i 2.48e-12 99 2.48e-12 27 2.04e-14 30 2.81e-15 5 2.04e-15 42,2,3,3,4,4,4-Heptafluorobutan-1-ol C3F7CH OH 2 0.6 0.20 3.10e-12 124 3.10e-12 34 2.61e-14 38 3.52e-15 6 2.55e-15 51,1,2-Trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)-ethane CHF2CHFOCF3 9.8 0.35 9.91e-11 3970 1.14e-10 1240 2.03e-12 2960 2.88e-13 467 9.74e-14 1781-Ethoxy-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane CF3CHFCF OCH 2 2CH3 0.4 0.19 2.14e-12 86 2.14e-12 23 1.77e-14 26 2.43e-15 4 1.76e-15 31,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptafluoro-3-(1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-propane CF3CF2CF OCHFCF 2 3 67.0 0.58 1.98e-10 7940 5.95e-10 6490 5.57e-12 8140 4.29e-12 6960 2.39e-12 43802,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro-1-propanol CHF2CF2CH OH 2 91.3 days 0.11 1.19e-12 48 1.19e-12 13 9.72e-15 14 1.35e-15 2 9.79e-16 22,2,3,4,4,4-Hexafluoro-1-butanol CF3CHFCF2CH OH 2 94.9 days 0.19 1.56e-12 63 1.56e-12 17 1.27e-14 19 1.76e-15 3 1.28e-15 22,2,3,3,4,4,4-Heptafluoro-1-butanol CF3CF2CF2CH OH 2 0.3 0.16 1.49e-12 60 1.49e-12 16 1.23e-14 18 1.69e-15 3 1.23e-15 21,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-3-methoxy-propane CHF2CF2CH OCH 2 3 14.2 days 0.03 4.82e-14 2 4.82e-14 <1 3.84e-16 <1 5.41e-17 <1 3.96e-17 <1perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone CF3CF2C(O)CF(CF3)2 7.0 days 0.03 9.14e-15 <1 9.14e-15 <1 7.27e-17 <1 1.03e-17 <1 7.51e-18 <13,3,3-Trifluoro-propanal CF3CH2CHO 2.0 days 0.004 9.86e-16 <1 9.86e-16 <1 7.84e-18 <1 1.11e-18 <1 8.10e-19 <12-Fluoroethanol CH2FCH OH 2 20.4 days 0.02 8.07e-14 3 8.07e-14 <1 6.45e-16 <1 9.07e-17 <1 6.63e-17 <12,2-Difluoroethanol CHF2CH OH 2 40.0 days 0.04 2.78e-13 11 2.78e-13 3 2.23e-15 3 3.12e-16 <1 2.28e-16 <12,2,2-Trifluoroethanol CF3CH OH 2 0.3 0.10 1.83e-12 73 1.83e-12 20 1.50e-14 22 2.07e-15 3 1.50e-15 31,1’-Oxybis[2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane HCF O(CF 2 2CF O) 2 2CF2H 26.0 1.15k 2.47e-10 9910 4.51e-10 4920 6.38e-12 9320 2.75e-12 4460 7.45e-13 13601,1,3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9,10,10,12,12-hexadecafluoro-2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane HCF O(CF 2 2CF O) 2 3CF2H 26.0 1.43k 2.26e-10 9050 4.12e-10 4490 5.83e-12 8520 2.51e-12 4080 6.81e-13 12501,1,3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9,10,10,12,12,13,13,15,15-eicosafluoro-2,5,8,11,14-Pentaoxapentadecane HCF O(CF 2 2CF O) 2 4CF2H 26.0 1.46k 1.83e-10 7320 3.33e-10 3630 4.71e-12 6880 2.03e-12 3300 5.50e-13 1010

Table 8.A.1 (continued)

Notes:For CH4 we estimate an uncertainty of ±30% and ±40% for 20- and 100-year time horizon, respectively (for 90% uncertainty range). The uncertainty is dominated by AGWP for CO2 and indirect effects. The uncertainty in GWP for N O is estimated to ±20% and 2±30% for 20- and 100-year time horizon, with the largest contributions from CO2. The uncertainty in GWP for HFC-134a is estimated to ±25% and ±35% for 20- and 100-year time horizons while for CFC-11 the GWP the corresponding numbers are approximately ±20% and ±35% (not accounting for the indirect effects). For CFC-12 the corresponding numbers are ±20 and ±30. The uncertainties estimated for HFC-134a and CFC-11 are assessed as representative for most other gases with similar or longer lifetimes. For shorter-lived gases, the uncertainties will be larger. For GTP, few estimates are available in the literature. The uncertainty is assessed to be of the order of ±75% for the methane GTP100.* No single lifetime can be given. The impulse response function for CO2 from Joos et al. (2013) has been used. See also Supplementary Material Section 8.SM.11.† Perturbation lifetime is used in calculation of metrics, not the lifetime of the atmospheric burden.(continued on next page)
8

Chapter 8 Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing

738

Table 8.A.1 Notes (continued) ‡ Metric values for CH4 of fossil origin include the oxidation to CO2 (based on Boucher et al., 2009). In applications of these values, inclusion of the CO2 effect of fossil methane must be done with caution to avoid any double-counting because CO2 emissions 

numbers are often based on total carbon content. Methane values without the CO2 effect from fossil methane are thus appropriate for fossil methane sources for which the carbon has been accounted for elsewhere, or for biospheric methane sources for which there is abalance between CO2 taken up by the biosphere and CO2 produced from CH4 oxidization. The addition effect on GWP and GTP represents lower limits from Boucher et al. (2009) and assume 50% of the carbon is deposited as formaldehyde to the 

surface and is then lost. The upper limit in Boucher et al. (2009) made the assumption that this deposited formaldehyde was subsequently further oxidized to CO2 .

a RE is unchanged since AR4.b RE is unchanged since AR4 except the absolute forcing is increased by a factor of 1.04 to account for the change in the recommended RE of CFC-11.c Based on Rajakumar et al. (2006) (lifetime correction factor has been applied to account for non-homogeneous horizontal and vertical mixing).d Based on instantaneous RE from Baasandorj et al. (2010); Baasandorj et al. (2011) (correction factors have been applied to account for stratospheric temperature adjustment and non-homogeneous horizontal and vertical mixing).e Based on instantaneous RE from ab initio study of Bravo et al. (2010) (a factor 1.10 has been applied to account for stratospheric temperature adjustment).f Based on average instantaneous RE reported in literature (Vasekova et al., 2006; Bravo et al., 2010) (correction factors have been applied to account for stratospheric temperature adjustment and non-homogeneous horizontal and vertical mixing).g Based on instantaneous RE from ab initio studies of Blowers et al. (2007, 2008)(correction factors have been applied to account for stratospheric temperature adjustment and non-homogeneous horizontal and vertical mixing).h Based on instantaneous RE from Heathfield et al. (1998) (correction factors have been applied to account for stratospheric temperature adjustment and non-homogeneous horizontal and vertical mixing).i Note that calculation of RE is based on calculated (ab initio) absorption cross-section and uncertainties are therefore larger than for calculations using experimental absorption cross section.j Based on instantaneous RE from Javadi et al. (2007) (correction factors have been applied to account for stratospheric temperature adjustment and non-homogeneous horizontal and vertical mixing).k Based on instantaneous RE from Andersen et al. (2010) (correction factors have been applied to account for stratospheric temperature adjustment and non-homogeneous horizontal and vertical mixing).The GTP values are calculated with a temperature impulse response function taken from Boucher and Reddy (2008). See also Supplementary Material Section 8.SM.11.