T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on and i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by 9th C i r . R . 36- 3. NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T UN I T E D S T AT E S OF AME R I C A, P l ai nt i ff

- A pp el l ee , v. SA M U EL FRI A S- FLO RES, D e f e n d a n t - A p p e lla n t. N o. 09- 50658 D . C . N o. 3: 09 -c r- 01 77 1-W -1 ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f o rth e S o u th e rn D is tr ic t o f C a lif o rn ia T hom a s J . W he l a n, S e ni orD i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng A r gue d a nd S ubm i tt e d F e brua ry16, 2011

P a s a d e n a , C a lif

o rn ia B efo re: A L A R C Ó N , R Y M E R , an d B Y B E E , C i rcu i tJu d g es. A ppe l l a ntS a m ue l F r i a s - F l or e s w a s c onvi c t e d f ori l l e ga l r e e ntryi nt o the U n ite d S ta te s u n d e r8 U .S .C . § 1 3 2 6 ( a ) a n d w a s s e n te n c e d to th irty - th r e e m o n th s in pr i s on. F r i a s - F l or e s br oughta§ 1326( d) c ol l a t e r a l a tt a c k, c ha l l e ngi ng the de port a t i on pr oc e e di ng unde r l y i ng hi s § 1326( a ) c onvi c t i on a s be i ng 

# FI LED APR04 2 011 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALSB ec ause the part i es ar e f am i l i arw i th the fa ct s, w e do n otre coun tthem 1 here . T hi s c ourtr e vi e w s the de ni a l of a n 8 U . S . C . § 1326( d) c ol l a t e r a l a tt a c k de 2 n o v o . U ni ted Stat es v. O rt i

z-L op ez , 38 5 F . 3d 12 02 , 12 03 (9th C i r. 20 04 ).

2 const i tut i on al l y def

i ci ent . W e f

i nd thatF ri as -F l ores ’ s due proces s r i gh t s w er e vi ol at ed by defec t s i n the depo rt at i on proceedi ng and thatF ri as -F l ores do es st at e a pl aus i bl e c l a i m f

orr e l i e f . W e r e ve r s e F r i a s - F l or e s ’ s § 1326( a ) c onvi c t i on. 1 T o succe ss ful l y c hal l enge the un derl yi ng depo rt at i on hear i ng , F ri as -F l ores m ust(1) have “ exhaust ed any a dm i ni stra t i ve re m edi es thatm ayhave been a va i l abl e t o s e e k r e l i e f

a ga i ns tthe or de r ” ; ( 2) de m ons tr a t e tha t“ the de port a t i on pr oc e e di ngs a tw hi c h the or de rw a s i s s ue d i m pr ope r l yde pr i ve d the a l i e n of the op po rtun i ty f

or j ud i ci al re vi ew ”; and (3) dem on stra t e that“ the entryof the order w as fund am ent al l y unfai r. ” 8 U . S . C . § 1 32 6(d). 2 T hi s c ourtha s he l d tha ta n a l i e n “ i s e xe m pt e d f r om the e xhaus t i on ba r ” a nd “w a s d e p r iv e d o f

th e o p p o rtu n ityf

o rm e a n in g f

u l ju d ic ia l r e v ie w ” w h e r e th e I J“d id no ti nform [the al i en] thathe w as el i gi bl e f or re l i ef fr om depo rt at i on . ” U

ni ted State s v . U

baldo- Fi gue r oa , 364 F . 3d 1042, 1049–50 ( 9th C i r . 2004) . B e c aus e the I Jdi d noti nf

orm F r i a s - F l or e s of

hi s s t a tut orye l i gi bi l i tyf orpr e - c onc l us i on vo l un t ary departure before F ri as -F l ores w ai ved h i s r i gh tt o app ea l , F ri as -F l ores has b e e n e x e m p te d f

r o m o rm e t th e f

ir s t tw o r e q u ir e m e n ts o f 8 U .S .C . § 1 3 2 6 ( d ) . I

d.3

A dd i t i on al l y, the entryof the re m ov al order a gai nstF ri as -F l ores “ w as f unda m e nt a l l y unf

a i r ” unde r8 U . S . C . § 1326( d) be c aus e ( 1) F r i a s - F l or e s ’ s due pr oc e s s r i ght s w e r e vi ol a t e d by de f e c t s i n hi s unde r l y i ng de port a t i on pr oc e e di ng, a n d ( 2 ) F r ia s - F lo r e s s u f f e r e d p r e ju d ic e a s ar e s u lt o f

th e d e f e c ts . Se e U

baldoFi gue r oa , 36 4 F . 3d at10 48 . F rom the re cord, i ti s c l ear thatthe IJdi d n otcond uct the ne c e s s a ry e va l ua t i on of the “ f a vor abl e a nd unf

a vor abl e f

a c t or s ” r e l e va ntt o a d e c is io n r e g a r d in g p r e - c o n c lu s io n v o lu n ta ryd e p a rtu r e . Ca m p o s - G r a n i l lo v . I

NS , 12 F . 3d 84 9, 85 2 (9th C i r. 19 93 ) ( ci t at i on om i tt ed). A l tho ug h the grantof prec onc l us i on vol unt a ry de pa rtur e i s di s c r e t i ona ry , the I Jm us t“ e va l ua t [ e ] a l l of [ the f a vor abl e a nd unf

a vor abl e f

a c t or s ] , a s s i gni ng w e i ghtori m port a nc e t o e a c h one se para t el y and then t o al l of them cum ul at i vel y. ” I d. ( a l t e r a t i on a nd c i t a t i on om i tt ed). T he IJdi d n otprop er l y w ei gh bo th favorabl e and un fa vo rabl e f ac t ors h e r e . N o rd id th e I Ja llo w F r ia s - F lo r e s to in tr o d u c e e v id e n c e to s u p p o rt h is c la im for vol un t ary departure; ra ther, i tappears fr om the transcr i ptthatthe on l y e vi dence b efo re th e IJ w h en h e m ad e th atd eci si o n w as “ so m e co n v i ct i o n d o cu m en t s” p r o v id e d b y th e g o v e rn m e n t a n d F r ia s - F lo r e s ’s N o tic e to A p p e a r . T h e s e d e f e c ts d e m o n s tr a te th a t th e d e p o rta tio n p r o c e e d in g u n d e r ly in g F r ia s - F lo r e s ’s 8 U .S .C . § 1 3 2 6 ( a ) c o n v ic tio n w a s c o n s titu tio n a llyd e f e c tiv e . 8 U .S .C . § 1 3 2 6 ( d ) ( 3 ) ; se e U baldo- Fi gue r oa , 364 F . 3d a t1048.4

F r ia s - F lo r e s s u f

f e r e d p r e ju d ic e b e c au s e o f

th e la c ko f

d u e p r o c e s s in h is d e p o rta tio n p r o c e e d in g a n d th a t, h a d h e b e e n g iv e n th e p r o c e s s r e q u ir e d , h e w o u ld h a v e s ta te d a“p lau s ib le ” c la im f o rv o lu n ta ryd e p a rtu r e . U baldo- Fi gue r oa , 364 F . 3d at10 50 . T he un fa vo rabl e f ac t ors i n F ri as -F l ores ’ s r ec ord are coun t erbal ance d by the m ode r a t e na tur e of hi s c r i m e s ( i . e . , no c onvi c t i ons f ordrug s a l e s or tra ff i cki ng or for vi ol entcr i m es ); hi s tw enty- fi ve ye arre si dence i n the U ni t ed S ta te s ; th e U .S . c itiz e n s h ip a n d r e s id e n c yo f h is w if e , th e irte n c h ild r e n , h is s ix s i bl i ngs , a nd hi s pa r e nt s ’ U . S . pe rm a ne ntr e s i de nc e ; hi s w ork s ki l l s , c e rt i f i c a t i on, a nd w ork hi s t ory , a s r e f l e c t e d i n the r e c or d byS oc i a l S e c ur i tyr e c or ds a nd t es t i m on i al s s ub m i tt ed by hi s i m m edi at e f am i l y thathe i s thei r “ so[l e] prov i der” [E . R . 1 2 3 ] ; an d h i s U . S . fam i l y’ s stro n g su p p o rto f h i m [E . R . 1 2 3

– 1 5 3 ] . T h ese fa vo rabl e f

ac t ors— no ne of w hi ch w er e c on si dere d b y the IJbefore i tdepri ved F r ia s - F lo r e s o f

p r e - c o n c lu s io n v o lu n ta ryd e p a rtu r e — r e n d e rF r ia s - F lo r e s ’s c la im p lau s ib le . Se e U

baldo- Fi gue r oa , 36 4 F . 3d at10 51 (f i nd i ng the al i en’ s w ork ethi c, U .S . c itiz e n w if

e a n d tw o U .S . c itiz e n c h ild r e n , s u b s ta n tia l f a m ilytie s in th e U .S ., and h i s a ct i ve rol e i n thi s c hi l dren’ s l i ves “ si gn i fi cant ” f avorabl es ). W e f i nd thatF ri as -F l ores ’ s 200 8 d eport at i on order c anno tbe the basi s of a c onvi c t i on unde r8 U . S . C . § 1326( a ) a nd w e r e ve r s e F r i a s - F l or e s ’ s c onvi c t i on unde r8 U . S . C . § 1326.5

R E VE R S E D.