PB96-916303

NTSB/RAR-96/03

NATIONAL

TRANSPORTATION

SAFETY

BOARD

Washington, D.C. 20594

RAILROAD ACCIDENT REPORT

COLLISION INVOLVING TWO NEW YORK CITY

SUBWAY TRAINS ON THE WILLIAMSBURG BRIDGE

IN BROOKLYN, NEW YORK

JUNE 5, 1995

6582A
The National Transportation Safety Board is an independent Federal agency dedicated to

promoting aviation, railroad, highway, marine, pipeline, and hazardous materials safety.

Established in 1967, the agency is mandated by Congress through the Independent Safety

Board Act of 1974 to investigate transportation accidents, determine the probable causes of

the accidents, issue safety recommendations, study transportation safety issues, and evaluate

the safety effectiveness of government agencies involved in transportation. The Safety

Board makes public its actions and decisions through accident reports, safety studies, special

investigation reports, safety recommendations, and statistical reviews.

Information about available publications may be obtained by contacting:

National Transportation Safety Board

Public Inquiries Section, RE-51

490 L’Enfant Plaza, S.W.

Washington, D.C. 20594

(202)382-6735

(800)877-6799

Safety Board publications may be purchased, by individual copy or by subscription, from:

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, Virginia 22161

(703)487-4600
NTSB/RAR-96/03 PB96-916303

NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION

SAFETY BOARD

Washington, D.C. 20594

RAILROAD ACCIDENT REPORT

Collision Involving

Two New York City Transit Subway Trains

 on the Williamsburg Bridge in Brooklyn, New York

June 5, 1995

Adopted: September 4, 1996

Notation 6582A

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iii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

INVESTIGATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ● . . . . . . . .

The Accident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Damages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Personnel Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Life Style and Routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Disciplinary Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medical Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Train Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Track

Signal

Description of Cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Braking Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Braking System Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Braking Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Modifications to Cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Speedometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Onsite Equipment Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The NYCT System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Long-Range Improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Operations Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Operating Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Operational and Efficiency Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fitness-for-duty Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Meteorological Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medical and Pathological. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Survival Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Emergency Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Disaster Preparedness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wreckage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Emergency Egress Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Crashworthiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tests and Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Signal Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sight Distance Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Braking Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oversight of Rail Rapid Transit Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

v

1

1

4

4

4

5

5

5

6

6

6

6

7

8

8

9

9

10

10

10

11

13

14

14

14

15

16

16

16

16

16

17

17

18

18

19

19

20

20

21
iv

New York State Safety Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

American Public Transit Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Accident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fatigue of the J Train Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NYCT Communications Oversight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Adequacy of Signal Spacing for Braking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Crashworthiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Emergency Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Adequacy of PTSB Oversight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Probable Cause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28

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39

39

RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

APPENDIXES

Appendix A — Investigation and Hearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Appendix B — Personnel Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Appendix C – NYCT Bulletin Number 17:93 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Appendix D — NYCT B Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1

The Accident

The operator and the conductor of the New

York City Transit (NYCT) southbound 531 J

subway train] went on duty at 11:38 p.m. z on

June 4, 1995. They were scheduled to make

three round trips from the Jamaica Center

station to Broad Street station in Manhattan (see

figure 1). The J train conductor testified that

the first two trips were made in the “proper

reamer,” and that “nothing [was] out of the

ordinary. ” He stated that they departed Jamaica

Center station for the third trip on time at 5:31

a.m., that the train operator seemed to be operating the train in the usual manner and at the

proper speeds, and that all the station stops

were routine. He said that as they pulled out of

Kosciusko Street station, they had to stop and

wait at the junction point to allow an M train to

pass in front of them.

The eight-car M train, with a crew comprising a train operator and a conductor, had

departed the Metropolitan Avenue station on

time at 5:48 a.m. The M train operator said

that he made several station stops without

incident. He stated that as he departed Marcy

Avenue (the last station before the Williamsburg Bridge), he was following a work train,

which was clearly visible from a distance of

about 30 car lengths. He also stated that he had

no problem seeing the signals at that time of

morning. He said that as he approached the

bridge, he was “creeping” behind the work

train, having to stop at red signals a couple of

times before he stopped his train at signal J2-

120 (figure 2). The M train conductor later

testified, “Normally we would not stop in the

morning there [on the bridge] . ... There’s

usually no trains in front of us. ” The M train

operator did not radio the command center

dispatcher to report any of the stops, as he was

Jamaica ~ w

/

Center

I

I

“.,

‘. \

Figure 1 — Routes of the J

‘ All NYCT trains are designated by the clock time that

they leave their originating station and by their route line.

For ease of reference, this report refers to the two trains

only by their route designation.

train and the M train.

2 All times in this report are eastern daylight time,

1
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/GCPYJKNG." VJG , VTCKP JCF UVQRRGF CV

.QTKOGT 5VTGGV UVCVKQP VQ RKEM WR UGXGTCN

RCUUGPIGTU." KPENWFKPI CP QHH/FWV[ 0;%6 VTCKP

QRGTCVQT YJQ YCU GP TQWVG VQ YQTM0"*G UVCVGF

VJCV CU JG DQCTFGF."JG CPF VJG , VTCKP QRGTCVQT

YCXGF VQ QPG CPQVJGT0"*G UCKF VJCV VJG , VTCKP

QRGTCVQT UGGOGF CYCMG CPF CNGTV0"6JG QHH/FWV[

QRGTCVQT UVCVGF VJCV JG VQQM C UGCV PGCT VJG HTQPV

QH VJG NGCF ECT."FKCIQPCNN[ CETQUU HTQO VJG VTCKP

QRGTCVQT)U EQORCTVOGPV0

#HVGT VJG , VTCKP NGHV /CTE[ #XGPWG UVCVKQP

CDQWV"8<32"C0O0."VJG , VTCKP EQPFWEVQT UCKF VJCV

JG YGPV VQ VJG EQPFWEVQT)U EQORCTVOGPV KP VJG

VJKTF ECT VQ TGNCZ0"6JG QHH/FWV[ VTCKP QRGTCVQT

TKFKPI QP VJG , VTCKP UVCVGF VJCV YJGP VJG[

FGRCTVGF /CTE[ #XGPWG UVCVKQP." VJG , VTCKP

QRGTCVQT KJCPFNGF KV =VJG VTCKP? NKMG CP[DQF[

GNUG YQWNF JCXG FQPG.L CEEGNGTCVKPI KQ CNN VJG

YC[ DGECWUG [QW IQV GKIJV ECTU CPF [QW CTG

IQKPI WRJKNN0L5

/GCPYJKNG." CHVGT VJG EQPFWEVQTIU CP/

PQWPEGOGPV QP DQCTF VJG / VTCKP." CP 0;%6

TQCF ECT KPURGEVQT VTCXGNKPI VQ YQTM JCF UVQQF

WR KP RTGRCTCVKQP VQ FGDCTM CV VJG PGZV UVQR0"*G

YCU KP VJG PGZV VQ NCUV ECT QH VJG / VTCKP0"*G

UCKF VJCV JG JCRRGPGF VQ INCPEG VJTQWIJ VJG

UVQTO FQQT KPVQ VJG NCUV ECT CPF KUCY VJG =,?

VTCKP EQOKPI VQ JKV WU0L *G VGUVKHKGF VJCV

DGECWUG JG YCU C ECT CYC[."JG EQWNFPIV UGG VJG

, VTCKP QRGTCVQT QT GUVKOCVG VJG VTCKPIU URGGF.

DWV VJCV KJG YCU EQOKPI RTGVV[ SWKEM Q CV NGCUV

52"OKNGU CP JQWT0L

#DQWV VJG UCOG VKOG."VJG QHH/FWV[ QRGTCVQT

TKFKPI VJG , VTCKP UCKF VJCV JG YCU TGCFKPI C

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

5 $GHQTG VJKU CEEKFGPV."VJG 0;%6 JCF PQ URGGF TGUVTKEVKQP

QP VJG DTKFIG CRRTQCEJ0

PGYURCRGT YJGP JG JGCTF VJG EJQY UQWPF6 CPF

VJCV KYKVJKP"5"UGEQPFU.L VJG , VTCKP UVTWEM VJG

TGCT QH VJG / VTCKP0"6JG , VTCKP EQPFWEVQT CNUQ

UVCVGF VJCV JG JGCTF C EJQY KC OCVVGT QH

UGEQPFUL DGHQTG KORCEV0" *G UCKF VJCV JG

EQWNFPIV TGCNN[ GUVKOCVG VJG NGPIVJ QH VKOG

DGVYGGP VJG VTCKP DTCMGU IQKPI KPVQ GOGTIGPE[

CPF VJG EQNNKUKQP DGECWUG JKU KOKPF YCUPIV

GPICIGF QP YJCV YCU GZCEVN[ JCRRGPKPI0L *G

GZRNCKPGF VJCV JG JCF JCF C JGEVKE 5WPFC[."CPF

JCF OCPCIGF VQ IGV KQPN[ C EQWRNG JQWTU

UNGGRL DGHQTG TGRQTVKPI VQ YQTM0"*G UVCVGF."K+

YCU HGGNKPI NKMG + YKNN DG INCF YJGP VJG PKIJV KU

QXGTQ0;QW MPQY." CP[QPG YJQIU YQTMGF

OKFPKIJVU MPQYU VJGTGIU EGTVCKP VKOGU QH VJG

PKIJV [QW HGGN C NKVVNG HCVKIWG0L

0QPG QH VJG" 38" ECTU HTQO VJG VYQ VTCKPU

FGTCKNGF HTQO VJG KORCEV." DWV VJG NGCF ECT QH

VJG , VTCKP RGPGVTCVGF VJG TGCT ECT QH VJG / VTCKP

TGUWNVKPI KP GZVGPUKXG FCOCIG VQ VJGUG VYQ ECTU

*HKIWTG" 5+" CPF VJG HCVCN KPLWT[ QH VJG , VTCKP

QRGTCVQT0"9JGP VJG QHH/FWV[ VTCKP QRGTCVQT QP

VJG , VTCKP PQVKEGF UOQMG EQOKPI HTQO VJG HTQPV

GPF."JG KPUVTWEVGF QVJGT RCUUGPIGTU VQ TWP HTQO

VJG ECT CPF VJGP CUUKUVGF KP GXCEWCVKPI RGQRNG

HTQO VJG VTCKP0" 9KVJKP" 7" OKPWVGU QH VJG EQN/

NKUKQP."C D[UVCPFGT ECNNGF VJG 0GY ;QTM 2QNKEG

&GRCTVOGPV"*0;2&+";33"FKURCVEJGT."TGRQTVKPI

VJCV C VTCKP EQNNKUKQP JCF QEEWTTGF QP VJG

DTKFIG0" 6JG 0;2& KOOGFKCVGN[ PQVKHKGF VJG

(KTG &GRCTVOGPV QH 0GY ;QTM" *(&0;+" CPF

FKURCVEJGF RQNKEG CPF TGUEWG RGTUQPPGN VQ VJG

UEGPG0"+PKVKCN GOGTIGPE[ TGURQPFGTU CTTKXGF QP

UEGPG YKVJKP"7"OKPWVGU QH VJG";33" PQVKHKECVKQP

ECNN0"6JG[ CTTCPIGF VQ JCXG C VTCPUKV DWU CPF"69

CODWNCPEGU VTCPURQTV"77"KPLWTGF RCUUGPIGTU CPF

ETGYOGODGTU VQ" 33" CTGC JQURKVCNU0" 5GXGTCN

KPFKXKFWCNU YKVJ OKPQT KPLWTKGU GKVJGT YGTG

VTGCVGF CPF TGNGCUGF CV VJG UEGPG QT UQWIJV

VTGCVOGPV GNUGYJGTG0" #FFKVKQPCN KPHQTOCVKQP

CDQWV VJG TGURQPUG GHHQTV CRRGCTU KP VJG

5WTXKXCN (CEVQTU UGEVKQP QH VJKU TGRQTV0

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

6 # DNQY QH CKT UQWPF VJCV QEEWTU YJGP C VTCKP IQGU KPVQ

GOGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI0


7

+PHQTOCVKQP CDQWV VJG / VTCKP ETGYOGODGTU

CPF VJG EQPFWEVQT QH VJG , VTCKP CRRGCTU KP

CRRGPFKZ $0"6JG , VTCKP QRGTCVQTIU RTQHGUUKQPCN

DCEMITQWPF." GZRGTKGPEG." YQTM1TGUV CEVKXKVKGU.

CPF OGFKECN HCEVQTU CTG FGUETKDGF DGNQY0

Background G 6JG , VTCKP QRGTCVQT."CIG

68."YCU JKTGF QP 1EVQDGT"39."3;99."CU C VTCKP

ENGCPGT0"*G YCU RTQOQVGF VQ VTCKP QRGTCVQT QP

,WPG"43."3;:3."CPF DGECOG CP QRGTCVQT QP VJG

, NKPG KP /C[" 3;:;0" *G TGEGKXGF TGHTGUJGT

VTCKPKPI QP #RTKN";."3;;3."CPF UWDUVCPEG/CDWUG

CYCTGPGUU VTCKPKPI QP 0QXGODGT"45."3;;60"1P

/C[" 4." 3;;7." JG YCU IKXGP CP 1RGTCVKPI

'ORNQ[GG 'XCNWCVKQP=" PQ KVGOU YGTG TCVGF CU

KWPCEEGRVCDNG0L

6JG , VTCKP QRGTCVQT YQTMGF VJG"33<52"R0O0

VQ"9<52"C0O0"KRKEM.L UQ ECNNGF DGECWUG GORNQ[/

GGU TGSWGUV VQ YQTM C IKXGP UJKHV0"1P VJKU OKF/

PKIJV RKEM." JKU TGIWNCT FC[U QHH" *4&1U+" YGTG

5CVWTFC[ CPF 5WPFC[."OGCPKPI JG YCU QHH FWV[

HTQO" 9<52" C0O0" QP (TKFC[ WPVKN CDQWV" 33<52

R0O0" QP 5WPFC[0" 6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF TGEQP/

UVTWEVGF C"94/JQWT JKUVQT[ QH VJG , VTCKP QRGT/

CVQTIU CEVKXKVKGU DGHQTG VJG CEEKFGPV"*VCDNG"4+0

Life Style and Routine G %Q/YQTMGTU

FGUETKDGF VJG , VTCKP QRGTCVQT CU OKNF/OCP/

PGTGF."SWKGV."CPF RTQHGUUKQPCN0"*G JCF DGGP QP

VJG UCOG YQTM UEJGFWNG HQT UGXGTCN [GCTU CPF

TQWVKPGN[ TGRQTVGF VQ YQTM GCTN[ VQ RTGRCTG HQT

JKU FWVKGU0"*G CVG JKU OGCNU CV JQOG CDQWV VJG

UCOG VKOG FCKN[0"*G PGKVJGT FTCPM CNEQJQNKE QT

ECHHGKPCVGF DGXGTCIGU PQT UOQMGF0" *G GZGT/

EKUGF"6"FC[U C YGGM."WUWCNN[ /QPFC[ VJTQWIJ

6JWTUFC[0" (COKN[ OGODGTU CPF EQ/YQTMGTU

FGUETKDGF JKO CU RJ[UKECNN[ HKV CPF JGCNVJ

EQPUEKQWU0

Disciplinary Actions G 2GTUQPPGN

TGEQTFU UJQY VJCV VJG OQUV TGEGPV CPF UGTKQWU

FKUEKRNKPCT[ CEVKQP CICKPUV VJG , VTCKP QRGTCVQT

YCU C" 4/FC[ UWURGPUKQP QP ,CPWCT[" 45/46.

3;;4."VJCV UVGOOGF HTQO C &GEGODGT"5."3;;3.

KPEKFGPV FWTKPI YJKEJ JG UVQRRGF JKU VTCKP UJQTV

QH C UVCVKQP." NGCXKPI VYQ ECTU QWVUKFG QH VJG

UVCVKQP NKOKVU0" *G CNUQ HCKNGF VQ IKXG VJG EQP/

FWEVQT VJG RTQRGT UKIPCN."YJKEJ TGUWNVGF KP JGT

QRGPKPI VJG FQQTU KORTQRGTN[0" #U C TGUWNV QH

VJGUG TWNGU XKQNCVKQPU."VJG VTCKP QRGTCVQT YCU TG/

SWKTGF VQ VCMG"3"FC[ QH TGVTCKPKPI QP /CTEJ"34.

3;;4." KP VJG HQNNQYKPI UWDLGEV CTGCU<" 6TCEM.

5YKVEJGU."CPF 5KIPCNU=";CTF CPF 4QCF="6TQWDNG

5JQQVKPI=" CPF 'OGTIGPEKGU0" *G TGVWTPGF VQ

UGTXKEG QP /CTEJ"35."3;;40

6CDNG"4"G , 6TCKP 1RGTCVQTIU"94/*QWT *KUVQT[

Date/Time Status/Activity* Rest

(hrs)

(TKFC[.",WPG"4

$GHQTG"2952 1P FWV[

2952"/"3522 1HH FWV[="FKF RGTUQPCN GTTCPFU0

3522"/"3952 0CRRGF CPF CYQMG DGHQTG"39520

*6KOG VJCV JG DGICP PCR KU PQV

MPQYP0+

2"VQ

607

3;22 9CNMGF FQI0

4222 *CF FKPPGT0

445214522 9GPV VQ DGF DGVYGGP"4452"CPF

45220

5CVWTFC[.",WPG"5

272212752 #YQMG DGVYGGP"2722"CPF"27520 902

2752/2:22 &KF RGTUQPCN EJQTGU0

2:22 *CF DTGCMHCUV0

2:22"/"3322 &KF RGTUQPCN EJQTGU0

3322"/"3622 *CF NWPEJ CPF PCRRGF WPVKN

36220"*6KOG VJCV JG DGICP PCR KU

WPMPQYP0+

2"VQ

407

3622"/"4322 &KF UQOG EJQTGU."KPENWFKPI [CTF

YQTM0

4322 *CF FKPPGT0

442214452 9GPV VQ DGF DGVYGGP"4422"CPF

45220

5WPFC[.",WPG"6

""""""///"2822 #YQMG 9"VQ

:02

2822"/"2;22 &KF RGTUQPCN EJQTGU0

2;22 *CF DTGCMHCUV

3222 &KF [CTF YQTM0

3352"/"3722 0CRRGF0 507

3722 5JQYGTGF."UJCXGF."CPF FTGUUGF0

3922/4252 *CF FKPPGT CPF PCRRGF WPVKN

42520"*6KOG VJCV JG DGICP PCR KU

WPMPQYP0+

2"VQ

507

4252 9CNMGF FQI CPF NGHV HQT YQTM0

4552 4GRQTVGF VQ YQTM0

/QPFC[.",WPG"7

2834 #EEKFGPV QEEWTU0

4GUV KP VJG"46"JQWTU DGHQTG CEEKFGPV<"""507"VQ"807"JTU

6KOG QP FWV[ DGHQTG CEEKFGPV<"""8"JTU"64"OKP

*+PHQTOCVKQP RTQXKFGF D[ HCOKN[ CPF EQ/YQTMGTU0
8

6JG , VTCKP QRGTCVQTIU RGTUQPPGN HKNG CNUQ

EQPVCKPU C TGRTKOCPF HQT UNGGRKPI KP C FCTMGPGF

TQQO YJKNG JG YCU QP FWV[ FWTKPI C OKFPKIJV

UJKHV QP ,CPWCT["3:."3;:;0

Medical Factors G #EEQTFKPI VQ JKU

OGFKECN TGEQTFU CPF VQ VGUVKOQP[ HTQO JKU

HCOKN[." VJG , VTCKP QRGTCVQT JCF PQ OCLQT CKN/

OGPVU CPF YCU KP IQQF JGCNVJ0" *KU NCUV EQO/

RCP[ OGFKECN GZCOKPCVKQP YCU QP ,WN[" 44.

3;;6." FWTKPI YJKEJ JG YCU HQWPF OGFKECNN[

SWCNKHKGF VQ RGTHQTO HWNN YQTM0" *G YCU

TGSWKTGF VQ YGCT RTGUETKRVKQP INCUUGU0" 1P VJG

PKIJV QH VJG CEEKFGPV."JG JCF DGGP UGGP YGCTKPI

JKU INCUUGU0"*G YCU PQV VCMKPI CP[ RTGUETKRVKQP

QT PQP/RTGUETKRVKQP OGFKECVKQP CV VJG VKOG QH

VJG CEEKFGPV0"*G JCF PQV EQORNCKPGF QH OWUENG

CEJGU QT EJGUV RCKP CPF JCF PQV OKUUGF YQTM

DGECWUG QH KNNPGUU UKPEG /CTEJ"3;;7."YJGP JG

YCU JQOG HQT":" FC[U YKVJ VJG HNW0"*KU HCOKN[

OGODGTU UVCVGF VJCV JG FKF PQV JCXG VTQWDNG

HCNNKPI CUNGGR QT UNGGRKPI WPVKN JKU WUWCN YCMKPI

VKOG0" #PQVJGT 0;%6 VTCKP QRGTCVQT YJQ JCF

YQTMGF QP CPF QHH YKVJ JKO HQT"4"[GCTU UVCVGF

VJCV VJG , VTCKP QRGTCVQT YQWNF IGV UNGGR[

DGVYGGP"5"C0O0"CPF"8"C0O0."CPF VJCV JG."KNKMG

OCP[ QVJGT VTCKP QRGTCVQTU." JCF RTQDNGOU CV

PKIJV VT[KPI VQ UVC[ CYCMG0L 5JG UCKF VJCV QP

QPG QEECUKQP JG OGPVKQPGF VJCV JG JCF KDCTGN[

OCFG KV VJKU VTKRL DGECWUG JG JCF VTQWDNG

UVC[KPI CYCMG0

Train Information

Description of Cars G 'CEJ QH VJG

VTCKPU KP VJKU CEEKFGPV JCF GKIJV ECTU VJCV

QRGTCVGF KP KOCTTKGFL RCKTU LQKPGF D[ C UGOK/

RGTOCPGPV NKPM0"6JG , VTCKP JCF CNN 4/62"UGTKGU

ECTU=" VJG / VTCKP JCF CNN 4/64" UGTKGU ECTU0

6JGUG ECTU CTG RQYGTGF D[ C VTCEVKQP OQVQT QP

GCEJ CZNG0" # VTWEM/OQWPVGF GNGEVTKECN RKEMWR

UJQG TGEGKXGU EWTTGPV HTQO C VJKTF TCKN0"#NN QH

VJG ECTU YGTG DWKNV D[ VJG 5V0" .QWKU %CT

%QORCP[ KP VJG NCVG"3;82U CPF QXGTJCWNGF D[

EQPVTCEVQTU KP VJG NCVG"3;:2U0"6CDNG"5"UJQYU VJG

CVVTKDWVGU EQOOQP VQ VJGUG ECTU0

Braking Systems G #U RCTV QH KVU KPXGU/

VKICVKQP QH VJKU CEEKFGPV."VJG 5CHGV[ $QCTF JGNF

C RWDNKE JGCTKPI QP 0QXGODGT"4;/52."3;;7."KP

0GY ;QTM %KV[0" +P VGUVKOQP[." CP 0;%6

QHHKEKCN FGUETKDGF VJG DTCMKPI U[UVGO QH VJG 4/

62"ECTU0".KMG OQUV UWDYC[ ECTU."VJG 4/62"WPKVU

JCXG VYQ DTCMKPI OQFGU." UGTXKEG CPF GOGT/

IGPE[0" 6JG UGTXKEG DTCMG KU WUGF KP TGIWNCT

QRGTCVKQP VQ TGIWNCVG VJG URGGF QH CPF UVQR VJG

VTCKP0" 5GTXKEG DTCMKPI KU C DNGPF QH F[PCOKE

*GNGEVTKECN+" CPF RPGWOCVKE DTCMKPI0" 9JGP VJG

VTCKP QRGTCVQT RNCEGU VJG DTCMG XCNXG JCPFNG

DGVYGGP VJG PWODGT" 4" CPF" 5" RQUKVKQPU" *UGG

HKIWTG"6+."VJG F[PCOKE CPF RPGWOCVKE DTCMKPI

OQFGU CTG OKZGF VQ RTQXKFG C EQPUVCPV FGEGN/

GTCVKQP TCVG VQ UNQY QT UVQR VJG VTCKP0" 6JG

6CDNG"5"G %QPUKUVU QH VJG #EEKFGPV 8GJKENGU

Consist

Position

J Train

All R-40 Series

M Train

All R-42 Series

Common Attributes of

R-40 and R-42 Series Cars

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

:

6683

6682

66:;

66::

6758

6759

6675

6674

#

$

#

$

$

#

#

$

6844

6845

6833

6832

67:9

67:8

6887

6886

$

#

#

$

#

$

#

$

6/CZNG."UVCKPNGUU UVGGN ECTU0"1FF/PWODGTGF WPKVU CTG

K# ECTUL CPF GXGP/PWODGTGF WPKVU CTG K$ ECTUL

+P C OCTTKGF RCKT." QPG ECT KU GSWKRRGF YKVJ CP CKT

EQORTGUUQT CPF VJG QVJGT ECT JCU VJG DCVVGTKGU CPF

EQPXGTVGT0

9GKIJV< 4/62"# ECT"/"96.265

*RQWPFU+ 4/62"$ ECT"/"96.426

4/64"# ECT"/"96.566

4/64"$ ECT"/"96.655

&KOGPUKQPU<""82"HGGV"8"KPEJGU NQPI D["32"HGGV YKFG0

5GCVKPI ECRCEKV[<""66
9

F[PCOKE OQFG FGCEVKXCVGU CPF VJG RPGWOCVKE

DTCMG EQORNGVGN[ EQPVTQNU VJG DTCMKPI YJGP

VTCKP URGGF KU DGVYGGP"9/32"ORJ."FGRGPFKPI QP

VJG EWTTGPV DWKNF WR KP VJG DTCMG EKTEWKV0

6JG GOGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI U[UVGO KU VQVCNN[

RPGWOCVKE CPF KU KPKVKCVGF YJGPGXGT RTGUUWTG KP

VJG DTCMG RKRG KU TGFWEGF CV C IKXGP TCVG0"'OGT/

IGPE[ DTCMKPI ECP DG CEVKXCVGF KP HQWT YC[U0

6JG VTCKP QRGTCVQT ECP OQXG VJG DTCMG XCNXG

JCPFNG VQ VJG PWODGT"6"*GOGTIGPE[+" RQUKVKQP0

+P VJG GXGPV VJCV VJG VTCKP QRGTCVQT TGNGCUGU VJG

EQPVTQNNGT JCPFNG." KV YKNN TKUG VQ VJG FGCFOCP

RQUKVKQP." YJKEJ CWVQOCVKECNN[ CEVKXCVGU VJG

GOGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI U[UVGO0

'OGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI ECP DG CEVKXCVGF D[

RWNNKPI CP GOGTIGPE[ EQTF."YJKEJ KU NQECVGF KP

GCEJ ECD CPF CV VJG GPF QH GCEJ ECT KP VJG RCU/

UGPIGT EQORCTVOGPV0" 6JG 0;%6 U[UVGO CNUQ

JCU CP GZVGTPCN OGCPU QH CEVKXCVKPI C VTCKPIU

GOGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI U[UVGO." VJG KP/VTCEM

CWVQOCVKE UVQR CTO." YJKEJ KU OQWPVGF QP VJG

VTCEM DGF PGZV VQ VJG TCKN." RCTCNNGN VQ GCEJ

YC[UKFG UKIPCN0"9JGP C UKIPCN FKURNC[U C TGF.

QT UVQR." KPFKECVKQP." KVU EQORCPKQP KP/VTCEM

CWVQOCVKE UVQR CTO TKUGU VQ CP GNGXCVGF RQUK/

VKQP0"5JQWNF C VTCKP RCUU C TGF YC[UKFG UKIPCN.

VJG TCKUGF UVQR CTO YKNN UVTKMG VJG NGCF ECTIU

KVTKR EQEM.L C OGVCN NGXGT VJCV CEVKXCVGU VJG

GOGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI U[UVGO0" /QTG KPHQTOCVKQP

CDQWV VJG CWVQOCVKE UVQR CTO CRRGCTU KP VJG

5KIPCN UGEVKQP QH VJKU TGRQTV0

Braking System Components G 6Q

CEEQOOQFCVG XCTKCVKQPU KP RCUUGPIGT NQCF [GV

UVQR YKVJ RTGFKEVCDNG EQPUKUVGPE[." C VTCPUKV ECT

DTCMKPI U[UVGO KU GSWKRRGF YKVJ C NQCF UGPUQT

CPF C XCTKCDNG NQCF XCNXG0"6JG NQCF UGPUQT KU CP

GNGEVTQ/RPGWOCVKE FGXKEG VJCV FGVGEVU VJG

COQWPV QH"*RCUUGPIGT+"NQCF EQORTGUUKQP QP VJG

UWURGPUKQP U[UVGO CPF VJGP CFLWUVU VJG XCTKCDNG

NQCF XCNXG VQ CVVCKP C DTCMG E[NKPFGT RTGUUWTG

VJCV EQTTGURQPFU VQ VJG OGCUWTGF NQCF0" 6JG

NQCF UGPUQT KU KPVGITCVGF YKVJ VJG F[PCOKE

DTCMG=" CU UWEJ."VJG UGPUQT EQPVTQNU VJG FGITGG

QH DTCMKPI GHHQTV FWTKPI UGTXKEG DTCMKPI0

The master controller in the operator’s cab is

the device that the operator uses to control the

speed and direction of the train. An operator

must keep the master controller handle in the

normal or depressed position at all times while

the train is moving unless the brake valve handle has been put into the full service position.

The controller contains a pneumatic valve (not

shown) that releases air if the spring-loaded

valve raises to the deadman position, which

initiates emergency braking.

(KIWTG" 6" G" *6QR VQ DQVVQO+" %WVCYC[ QH VJG

VTCKP QRGTCVQTIU ECD." QXGTJGCF XKGY QH VJG

DTCMG XCNXG JCPFNG." CPF C UKFG XKGY QH VJG

OCUVGT EQPVTQNNGT0
:

6JG 4/62" ECTU YGTG QTKIKPCNN[ GSWKRRGF

YKVJ ECUV/KTQP DTCMG UJQGU0" 9JGP VJG 0;%6

JCF VJG ECTU TGDWKNV FWTKPI VJG"3;:2U."VJG DTCMG

UJQGU YGTG EJCPIGF VQ C EQORQUKVKQP V[RG.

YJKEJ TGSWKTGF VJG 0;%6 VQ OQFKH[ QT TGRNCEG

OCP[ DTCMG U[UVGO EQORQPGPVU."KPENWFKPI VJG

XCTKCDNG NQCF XCNXG0"6JG 0;%6 QHHKEKCNU UVCVGF

VJCV VJG DTCMG E[NKPFGT RTGUUWTG YCU CFLWUVGF UQ

VJCV VJG ECT YQWNF JCXG OCZKOWO DTCMKPI ECR/

CDKNKV[." [GV KVU YJGGNU YQWNF UVKNN TQVCVG TCVJGT

VJCP UNKFG WPVKN VJG VTCKP UVQRRGF0

7 6JG NQCF

UGPUQT CPF VJG XCTKCDNG NQCF U[UVGO JCXG

HQWT DCUKE TGHGTGPEG UGVVKPIU0" 6JG NQYGUV

NQCF UGVVKPI KU HQT GORV[ ECTU." VJCV KU." ECTU

JCXKPI PQ NQCF=" VJG UGEQPF NQCF UGVVKPI KU HQT

ECTU JCXKPI C IKXGP PWODGT QH RTKOCTKN[ UGCVGF

RCUUGPIGTU RGT USWCTG HQQV="VJG VJKTF UGVVKPI KU

HQT ECTU JCXKPI C IKXGP PWODGT QH UGCVGF CPF

UVCPFKPI RCUUGPIGTU RGT USWCTG HQQV=" CPF VJG

JKIJGUV UGVVKPI KU HQT ECTU JCXKPI C OCZKOWO

RCUUGPIGT NQCF0 $GHQTG VJG 9KNNKCOUDWTI

$TKFIG CEEKFGPV." VJG 0;%6 JCF UGV VJG NQCF

UGPUQT CV"37" RUK"-1/"4"HQT GORV[ ECTU CPF":2

RUK"-1/"4"HQT HWNN[/NQCFGF ECTU."YJKEJ TGUWNVGF

KP DTCMG E[NKPFGT RTGUUWTGU QH" 49" RUK" -1/" 4

CPF"59"RUK"-1/"5."TGURGEVKXGN[0

Braking Parameters G 6JG 0;%6 JCU

45"FKHHGTGPV V[RGU QH ECTU KP KVU HNGGV0"#P 0;%6

QHHKEKCN VGUVKHKGF VJCV VJG DTCMG U[UVGO RGTHQT/

OCPEG TGSWKTGOGPVU CTG VJG UCOG HQT CNN ECTU0

(QT UGTXKEG DTCMKPI." VJG 0;%6 TGSWKTGU C

FGEGNGTCVKQP TCVG QH" 502" ORJ RGT UGEQPF" *5

ORJRU+0"(QT GOGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI."VJG 0;%6 TG/

SWKTGU C FGEGNGTCVKQP TCVG QH"5"ORJRU0"5VQRRKPI

FKUVCPEG TGSWKTGOGPVU FGRGPF WRQP C VTCKPIU

URGGF CPF VJG VTCEM RTQHKNG0"*G UCKF VJCV CNN ECT

V[RGU UJQWNF JCXG VJG UCOG DTCMKPI RGTHQT/

OCPEG FWTKPI UGTXKEG QT GOGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI0

6JG VTCPUKV EQORCP[ QHHKEKCN VGUVKHKGF VJCV

YJGP VJG 0;%6 JCU KFGPVKHKGF DTCMKPI RTQD/

NGOU KP EGTVCKP OQFGNU."VJG EQORCP[ JCU VCMGP

EQTTGEVKXG OGCUWTGU VQ DTKPI VJG ECTU YKVJKP

UVCPFCTF0"&WTKPI UKPING/URGGF"*52"ORJ+" DTCMG

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

7 5NKFKPI ETGCVGU HNCV CTGCU QP VJG YJGGN." YJKEJ TGFWEG

YJGGN NKHG."RTQXKFG C TQWIJ TKFG."CPF ECWUG XKDTCVKQP CPF

KORCEV VJCV ECP FCOCIG VJG ECT0

VGUVU RGTHQTOGF KP" 3;;5" QH" 3:" ECT V[RGU." 5

OQFGNU UVQRRGF YKVJKP VJG TGSWKTGF DTCMKPI

FKUVCPEG QH"472"HGGV0"6JG UVQRRKPI FKUVCPEG HQT

VJG QVJGT"37"OQFGNU TCPIGF HTQO"475"HGGV HQT

VJG 4/84"ECTU VQ"575"HGGV HQT VJG 4/64"ECTU0"6JG

0;%6 FGVGTOKPGF VJCV VJG 4/64"ECTU HCKNKPI VQ

UVQR YKVJKP VJG DTCMKPI RCTCOGVGTU YGTG VJQUG

VJCV YGTG GSWKRRGF YKVJ VJG 0GY ;QTM #KT

$TCMG U[UVGO QTKIKPCNN[ KPUVCNNGF YJGP VJG ECTU

YGTG DWKNV0"6JG 0;%6 UWDUGSWGPVN[ KFGPVKHKGF

CPF TGOQXGF" 332" ECTU YKVJ QTKIKPCN DTCMKPI

GSWKROGPV HTQO VJG"5;4"4/64" ECTU KP KVU HNGGV

CPF CFLWUVGF VJG XCTKCDNG NQCF XCNXGU QH VJG ECTU

UQ VJCV VJG[ YQWNF UVQR YKVJKP VJG 0;%6

DTCMKPI RCTCOGVGTU0"6JG DTCMKPI FKUVCPEG QH 4/

62"ECTU KP VJG"3;;5"VGUVU YCU"498"HGGV0

Modifications to Cars G #HVGT VJKU CEEK/

FGPV."VJG 0;%6 EQPFWEVGF KVU QYP DTCMG VGUVU

QP 9KNNKCOUDWTI $TKFIG WUKPI C VTCKP EQPUKUVKPI

QH 4/62" ECTU HKVVGF YKVJ &CVTQP ''2/4" KPUVTW/

OGPVU0"6JG 0;%6 VGUVU UJQYGF VJCV VJG VTCKP

CVVCKPGF CP CXGTCIG OCZKOWO URGGF QH" 5803

ORJ CV UKIPCN ,4/34:." YJKEJ YCU JKIJGT VJCP

VJG OCZKOWO CVVCKPCDNG URGGF QH"490;"ORJ QP

YJKEJ VJG UKIPCN URCEKPI YCU FGUKIPGF0

8 6JG

0;%6 UWDUGSWGPVN[ DGICP OQFKH[KPI VJG 4/62

ECTU CPF QVJGT V[RGU QH ECTU KP CP GHHQTV VQ GP/

UWTG VJCV KVU XGJKENGU YQWNF DG CDNG VQ UVQR

YKVJKP CEEGRVCDNG DTCMKPI RCTCOGVGTU0" 6JG

OQFKHKECVKQPU KPENWFGF TGVCTFKPI VJG CEEGNGT/

CVKQP RGTHQTOCPEG CPF KPETGCUKPI VJG DTCMG

E[NKPFGT RTGUUWTGU0" 6JG VTCPUKV EQORCP[ CNUQ

CFQRVGF C UKPING GOGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI UVCPFCTF KP

3;;70"# OQTG EQORNGVG FKUEWUUKQP QH VJG ECTUI

CEEGNGTCVKQP RGTHQTOCPEG CRRGCTU KP VJG 5KIPCN

UGEVKQP QH VJKU TGRQTV0

#FLWUVOGPVU OCFG VQ VJG ECTUI DTCMKPI

RTGUUWTG XCTKGF YKVJ VJG V[RG QH ECT0"+P VJG ECUG

QH VJG 4/62"ECTU."VJG RTGUUWTG YCU KPETGCUGF VQ

52"RUK"-1/"4"HQT GORV[ ECTU CPF"62"RUK"-1/"5

HQT HWNN[/NQCFGF ECTU0"1HHKEKCNU UVCVGF VJCV CDQWV

89" RGTEGPV QH VJG ECTU KP VJG 0;%6 HNGGV

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

8 6JG URCEKPI DGVYGGP UKIPCNU QP VJG 9KNNKCOUDWTI $TKFIG

YCU DCUGF QP VJG 4/;"ECT."CP GCTNKGT ENCUU QH ECT VJCV KU PQ

NQPIGT KP VJG 0;%6 HNGGV0" #FFKVKQPCN KPHQTOCVKQP CDQWV

UKIPCN FGUKIP KU KP VJG 5KIPCN RQTVKQP QH VJKU TGRQTV0
;

VJG HNGGV UJQWNF DG KP EQORNKCPEG D[ &GEGODGT

3;;90" 6JG[ UCKF VJCV EJCPIKPI VJG DTCMG

E[NKPFGT RTGUUWTG RTQDCDN[ YKNN TGUWNV KP

KPETGCUGF OCKPVGPCPEG EQUVU DGECWUG VJG YJGGNU

NKMGN[ YKNN FGXGNQR HNCV CTGCU HTQO UNKFKPI

FWTKPI GOGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI0" 6JG[ UVCVGF VJCV

DGECWUG GOGTIGPE[ UVQRRKPI KU CP GZEGRVKQPCN

EQPFKVKQP."VJG EQORCP[ KU YKNNKPI VQ KPEWT VJG

RQVGPVKCN EQUV VQ GPUWTG VTCKPU ECP UVQR YKVJKP

VJG 0;%6 DTCMKPI RCTCOGVGTU0

Speedometers G 0Q (GFGTCN." 5VCVG." QT

NQECN TGIWNCVKQPU TGSWKTG 0;%6 VTCKPU VQ DG

GSWKRRGF YKVJ GXGPV TGEQTFGTU QT

URGGFQOGVGTU0" 0GKVJGT VTCKP KPXQNXGF KP VJG

CEEKFGPV YCU GSWKRRGF YKVJ CP GXGPV TGEQTFKPI

FGXKEG QT C URGGFQOGVGT0

#U C TGUWNV QH KVU KPXGUVKICVKQP QH C /CTEJ

3;:;"CEEKFGPV KP YJKEJ CP 0;%6 UWDYC[ VTCKP

TGCT/GPFGF CP 0;%6 TGXGPWG VTCKP UVQRRGF CV

VJG"325TF 5VTGGV UVCVKQP."VJG 5CHGV[ $QCTF HQWPF

VJCV VJG HCKNWTG QH VJG 0;%6 VQ HWTPKUJ KVU QRGT/

CVQTU YKVJ C TGCUQPCDNG OGCPU HQT FGVGTOKPKPI

URGGF EQPVTKDWVGF."KP RCTV."VQ VJG UGXGTKV[ QH VJG

CEEKFGPV0

9 1P /CTEJ"43."3;;2."VJG $QCTF OCFG

VJG HQNNQYKPI TGEQOOGPFCVKQP VQ VJG 0;%6<

4/;2/24

2TQXKFG URGGF KPFKECVQTU QP GCEJ ECT KP

UGTXKEG QP VJG U[UVGO VQ CNNQY VTCKP

QRGTCVQTU VJG CDKNKV[ VQ RTQRGTN[

FGVGTOKPG URGGF0

1P ,WPG" 36." 3;;2." VJG 0;%6 TGURQPFGF

VJCV KV YCU GXCNWCVKPI HKXG VQ UGXGP URGGFQOGVGT

U[UVGOU VJCV EQWNF DG KPUVCNNGF QP GZKUVKPI ECTU

CPF VJCV KV RNCPPGF HQT VJG PGY VTCKPU VQ JCXG

URGGF KPFKECVQTU QP CNN NGCF ECTU0" 1P #WIWUV

35."3;;3."VJG 0;%6 YTQVG VJG $QCTF VJCV D[

3;;3"KV YQWNF DGIKP KPUVCNNKPI URGGF KPFKECVQTU

QP VJG EQPVTQN ECTU KP VJG 4/66"HNGGV CPF VJCV.

CHVGT C" 3/[GCT GXCNWCVKQP QH VJG 4/66

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

9 (QT CFFKVKQPCN KPHQTOCVKQP." TGCF 4CKNTQCF #EEKFGPV

4GRQTV//4GCT/'PF %QNNKUKQP QH 6YQ 0GY ;QTM %KV[ 6TCPUKV

#WVJQTKV[ 6TCKPU." 325TF 5VTGGV 5VCVKQP." 0GY ;QTM." 0GY

;QTM."/CTEJ"32."3;:;"*065$14#4/:;124+0

KPUVCNNCVKQPU."KV YQWNF KPUVCNN URGGF KPFKECVQTU KP

VJG QRGTCVKPI ECDU QH VJG QVJGT ECT V[RGU0"6JG

5CHGV[ $QCTF TGURQPFGF QP &GEGODGT" 46.

3;;3." VJCV WPVKN CNN EQPVTQN ECTU QT QRGTCVKPI

ECDU QH QVJGT ECT V[RGU YGTG GSWKRRGF." VJG

UVCVWU QH VJG TGEQOOGPFCVKQP YQWNF TGOCKP

K1RGPG#EEGRVCDNG 4GURQPUG0L +P C /C[" 36.

3;;5." NGVVGT." VJG 0;%6 KPFKECVGF VJCV

KPUVCNNCVKQP QH URGGFQOGVGTU YCU RCTV QH KVU

3;;4/3;;8" ECRKVCN KORTQXGOGPV RTQITCO0

5JQTVN[ CHVGT VJG 9KNNKCOUDWTI $TKFIG CEEKFGPV.

CP 0;%6 QHHKEKCN VGUVKHKGF VJCV VJG 0;%6

JQRGF VQ JCXG URGGFQOGVGTU KPUVCNNGF QP KCNN

DWV VJG ECT V[RG =VJG 4GFDKTF? YG YKNN DG

TGVKTKPI.L QT"6.822"QH VJG"7.:22"ECTU KP KVU HNGGV

D[ VJG GPF QH" 3;;8." CPF VJCV PGY ECTU DGKPI

RWTEJCUGF JCF URGGFQOGVGTU CPF GXGPV

TGEQTFGTU0" +P C ,WPG" 3;;8" VGNGRJQPG EQP/

XGTUCVKQP YKVJ 5CHGV[ $QCTF KPXGUVKICVQTU." CP

0;%6 QHHKEKCN KPFKECVGF VJCV DGECWUG QH

RTQDNGOU YKVJ EQPVTCEVQTU."QPN["4.773"ECTU JCF

VJWU HCT DGGP TGVTQHKVVGF YKVJ URGGFQOGVGTU0"*G

UVCVGF VJCV VJG 0;%6 GZRGEVGF VQ JCXG

URGGFQOGVGTU KPUVCNNGF QP CP CFFKVKQPCN" 3.678

ECTU D[ VJG GPF QH VJG [GCT0" /QTGQXGT." CU CP

KPVGTKO UCHGV[ OGCUWTG." VJG VTCPUKV EQORCP[

KPVGPFGF VQ QWVHKV UGXGTCN JWPFTGF QH VJG

4GFDKTF ECTU VJCV YGTG PQV UEJGFWNGF VQ DG

TGVKTGF HQT UGXGTCN [GCTU0

On-site Equipment Inspection G &WT/

KPI KVU QP/UEGPG GSWKROGPV KPURGEVKQP." VJG

$QCTF)U OGEJCPKECN ITQWR GZCOKPGF VJG RQYGT

EQPVTQN ITQWR DQZ WPFGTPGCVJ VJG , VTCKPIU NGCF

ECT."66830"6JG FKCN KPFKECVQT QP VJG RQYGT ECO

UJCHV YCU KP VJG 0Q0"42"RQUKVKQP."KPFKECVKPI VJCV

VJG RTQRWNUKQP U[UVGO YCU KP HWNN RQYGT YJGP

VJG DTCMGU YGPV KPVQ GOGTIGPE[0

+PXGUVKICVQTU GZCOKPGF VJG VTKR EQEM CTO QP

VJG 0Q0"3"GPF QH ECT"6683"CPF QDUGTXGF C UOCNN

COQWPV QH [GNNQY RCKPV PGCT VJG GPF QH VJG CTO0

6JG[ OGCUWTGF VJG FKUVCPEG QH VJG VTKR EQEM

CTO VQ VJG TCKN CPF FGVGTOKPGF VJCV VJG CTO YCU

CDQWV" 3/316" KPEJGU CDQXG VJG TCKN." YJKEJ YCU

YKVJKP VJG 0;%6 UVCPFCTF0" +PXGUVKICVQTU JCF

VJG VTKR EQEM CUUGODN[ TGOQXGF CPF VCMGP VQ

VJG 0;%6 %QPG[ +UNCPF 2PGWOCVKE 5JQR.

YJGTG PGY CPF TGDWKNV VTKR EQEMU CTG SWCNKHKGF
32

QP C VGUV TCEM0" 6JG VTKR EQEM HWPEVKQPGF CU

FGUKIPGF KP C UGTKGU QH VGUVU." KPENWFKPI C

NGCMCIG VGUV CPF C" 67/RQWPF RWNN VGUV0" 9JGP

VGUVGTU FKURNCEGF VJG XCNXG" 3:" FGITGGU HTQO

XGTVKECN KP GKVJGT FKTGEVKQP." KV CEVKXCVGF

RTQRGTN[0" &WTKPI XKUWCN GZCOKPCVKQP.

KPXGUVKICVQTU PQVGF VJCV VJG VTKR EQEM JCF DGGP

TGDWKNV D[ C YQTMGT YKVJ VJG KPKVKCNU" $-'$" QP

VJG PKIJV UJKHV KP ,WPG"3;;60

Track

6JG EQNNKUKQP QEEWTTGF QP VJG $TQQMN[P

$QTQWIJ UKFG QH VJG 9KNNKCOUDWTI $TKFIG." C

UVGGN DGCO CPF IKTFGT FQWDNG VQYGT UWURGPUKQP

DTKFIG YKVJ QRGP FGEM HTCOG EQPUVTWEVKQP."VJCV

URCPU VJG 'CUV 4KXGT DGVYGGP $TQQMN[P CPF

/CPJCVVCP0" 6JG RQKPV QH KORCEV YCU DGVYGGP

VJG $TQQMN[P"*GCUV+"VQYGT CPF C ECDNG CPEJQT/

CIG."CDQWV"38"HGGV UQWVJ QH UKIPCN ,/4"3470

6YQ RCTCNNGN VTCEMU CTG KP VJG EGPVGT QH VJG

DTKFIG<" VJG ,3" VTCEM KU HQT PQTVJDQWPF VTCKP

OQXGOGPVU VQ 3WGGPU=" VJG ,4" VTCEM KU HQT

UQWVJDQWPF VTCKP OQXGOGPVU VQ /CPJCVVCP0

'NGXCVGF YQQFGP/RNCPM RGFGUVTKCP YCNMYC[U

CTG QP VJG QWVGT UKFG QH GCEJ VTCEM."CPF FQWDNG/

NCPG TQCFYC[U CTG DGNQY VJG YCNMYC[U0" 6JG

YCNMYC[ QP VJG UQWVJ UKFG JCF DGGP ENQUGF VQ

RGFGUVTKCP VTCHHKE CU RCTV QH C DTKFIG TGRCKT

RTQLGEV0"6JG EQPUVTWEVKQP FKF PQV CHHGEV VJG UWD/

YC[ QRGTCVKQP QT VJG TQCFYC[ VTCHHKE0" #V VJG

VKOG QH VJG CEEKFGPV." ETGYOGODGTU QP VJG

TGRCKT RTQLGEV YGTG DGIKPPKPI VQ TGRQTV VQ

YQTM."DWV JCF PQV DGIWP EQPUVTWEVKQP0

6JG DTKFIG CRRTQCEJ KU QP VCPIGPV"*UVTCKIJV+

VTCEM VJCV CUEGPFU" 4097" RGTEGPV." NGXGNU QHH.

CUEGPFU CICKP CPF VJGP FGETGCUGU"4047"RGTEGPV

VQ VJG RQKPV QH KORCEV0" 6JG TCKN KU" 322/RQWPF

JGCV/VTGCVGF #4#/$ UVGGN VJCV YCU KPUVCNNGF KP

3;:6"CPF VJCV KU CPEJQTGF YKVJ DCUG CRRNKGF TCKN

CPEJQTU."WUKPI FKHHGTGPV CPEJQTKPI RCVVGTPU HQT

CUEGPFKPI QT FGUEGPFKPI ITCFGU0" 6JG DTKFIG

VKGU CTG RTGUUWTG/VTGCVGF [GNNQY RKPG0" 6JG VKG

RNCVGU CTG" 36/KPEJ FQWDNG UJQWNFGTGF CPF CTG

CVVCEJGF YKVJ VYQ TCKN JQNFKPI URKMGU CPF VYQ

RNCVG JQNFKPI URKMGU0"6JG 0;%6 TGEQTFU UJQY

VJCV VJG VTCEM JCF NCUV DGGP KPURGEVGF QP ,WPG"6.

3;;7." D[ C VTCEM YCNMGT." YJQ PQVGF PQ

GZEGRVKQPU0"6JG NCUV IGQOGVT[ ECT YCU QRGTCVGF

VJTQWIJ VJG CTGC QP /C[" 46." 3;;7=" VJG

TGUWNVKPI RTKPV/QWV TGXGCNGF PQ FGHGEVU QT KVGOU

DGNQY UVCPFCTF0"6JG VTCEM OGGVU 0;%6 /9/3

6TCEM 5VCPFCTFU." YJKEJ CTG GSWKXCNGPV VQ

(GFGTCN 4CKNTQCF #FOKPKUVTCVKQP"*(4#+"%NCUU"6

VTCEM OCKPVGPCPEG UVCPFCTFU0

Signal

General G 6JG 0;%6 UKIPCN U[UVGO KU CP

CWVQOCVKE DNQEM UKIPCN"*#$5+"U[UVGO VJCV WUGU

YC[UKFG CWVQOCVKE CPF KPVGTNQEMKPI EQNQTGF/

NKIJV UKIPCNU EQPVTQNNGF D[ VJG EKTEWKVT[ KP VJG

TCKN0

: 6JG YC[UKFG NKIJV UKIPCNU CTG UWRRNG/

OGPVGF D[ CWVQOCVKE UVQR CTOU"*HKIWTG"7+0

#U FGUKIPGF."VJG U[UVGO WUGU VJG VTCKPU)"CE/

EGNGTCVKPI CPF DTCMKPI EJCTCEVGTKUVKEU VQ FGVGT/

OKPG VJG OCZKOWO CVVCKPCDNG URGGF CPF VJG

KGOGTIGPE[ DTCMG UVQRRKPI FKUVCPEGL CV GCEJ

NQECVKQP0" 6JG GOGTIGPE[ DTCMG UVQRRKPI FKU/

VCPEG KU ECNEWNCVGF WUKPI VJG CEVWCN FKUVCPEG VJCV

C VTCKP VCMGU VQ UVQR QP C IKXGP ITCFG CV C

RCTVKEWNCT URGGF"*VJG VTCKPIU DTCMG U[UVGO RGT/

HQTOCPEG+"CPF CFFKPI C UCHGV[ OCTIKP QH CDQWV

57" RGTEGPV VQ EQORGPUCVG HQT UWEJ HCEVQTU CU

VJKTF/TCKN XQNVCIG HNWEVWCVKQPU CPF YGV TCKN EQP/

FKVKQPU0" 'OGTIGPE[ UVQRRKPI FKUVCPEGU FGVGT/

OKPG VJG OKPKOWO NGPIVJ QH VJG UKIPCN U[UVGO

KEQPVTQN NKPG.L VJCV KU." VJG PWODGT QH DNQEMU

PGGFGF VQ RTQXKFG C UCHGV[ OCTIKP QH CV NGCUV"57

RGTEGPV0"6JG PWODGT QH UKIPCNU VJCV EQORCPKGU

WUG KU FGVGTOKPGF D[ VJG JGCFYC[." QT VJG

COQWPV QH VKOG DGVYGGP VTCKPU0

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

: # NKPG KU FKXKFGF KPVQ VTCEM EKTEWKVU VJCV CTG UGRCTCVGF D[

UOCNN ICRU KP VJG TCKN ECNNGF KPUWNCVGF LQKPVU0"# DNQEM KU VJG

URCEKPI DGVYGGP UKIPCNU CPF OC[ EQPUKUV QH QPG QT OQTG

VTCEM EKTEWKVU0" 9JGP C VTCKPIU YJGGNU RCUU QXGT CP KPUW/

NCVGF LQKPV." VJG EWTTGPV KU FKXGTVGF VQ VJG VTCKPIU CZNG.

DCUKECNN[ ECWUKPI C UJQTV KP VJG UKIPCN EKTEWKV0" 6JKU RTQ/

EGUU."ECNNGF UJWPVKPI."CHHGEVU VJG UKIPCNU HQT VJTGG DNQEMU KP

VJG NKPG0"6JG UKIPCN KP VJG DNQEM YJGTG VJG UJWPV QEEWTU

EJCPIGU VQ C TGF CURGEV="VJG UKIPCN KOOGFKCVGN[ DGJKPF VJG

QEEWRKGF DNQEM FKURNC[U C TGF CURGEV=" CPF VJG UKIPCN VYQ

DNQEMU DCEM EJCPIGU VQ C [GNNQY CURGEV0

34

U[UVGO KU DCUGF QP VJG QRGTCVKPI ECRCDKNKVKGU QH

VJG 4/54"OQFGN ECT."YJKEJ FCVGU HTQO VJG OKF/

3;82U0" 6JG 4/54" ECT JCF HQWT"322/JR OQVQTU

CPF CP CEEGNGTCVKQP TCVG QH"407"ORJRU WR VQ"39

ORJ CHVGT YJKEJ VJG OQVQT EWTXG IQXGTPU0

0GYGT CPF TGDWKNV ECTU JCXG HQWT" 337/JR

OQVQTU CPF CEEGNGTCVKQP TCVGU QH"407"ORJRU WR

VQ" 39" ORJ0" 6JG FGUKIP QH VJG PGYGT ECTU

RTQXKFGU DGVVGT DTCMKPI VJCP VJG FGUKIP QH QNFGT

OQFGNU CV URGGFU IQXGTPGF D[ VJG OQVQT EWTXG.

VJCV KU."URGGFU GZEGGFKPI"39"ORJ."DWV FQGU PQV

RTQXKFG DGVVGT DTCMKPI CV NQYGT URGGFU0" #HVGT

VJG 9KNNKCOUDWTI $TKFIG CEEKFGPV." VJG 0;%6

DGICP KPUVCNNKPI C UJWPV QP VJG OQVQT HKGNF

YKPFKPI VQ TGVCTF VJG CEEGNGTCVKQP ECRCEKV[0"6Q

FCVG." VJG VTCPUKV EQORCP[ JCU OQFKHKGF VJG

CEEGNGTCVKQP RGTHQTOCPEG QH CDQWV VYQ/VJKTFU QH

KVU ECTU="KV GZRGEVU VQ JCXG KVU GPVKTG"7.:22/ECT

HNGGV OQFKHKGF D[ &GEGODGT"3;;80

6JG CXGTCIG URCEKPI DGVYGGP UKIPCNU

VJTQWIJQWV VJG 0;%6 U[UVGO KU CDQWV"572"HGGV=

VJG CXGTCIG URCEKPI DGVYGGP UKIPCNU QP

9KNNKCOUDWTI $TKFIG KU"487"HGGV0

9KVJ VJG GZEGRVKQP QH UVCVKQP CTGCU." VJG

0;%6 IGPGTCNN[ WUGU C VYQ/DNQEM EQPVTQN NKPG

VJTQWIJQWV OQUV QH KVU U[UVGO0" 9JGPGXGT C

VTCKP GPVGTU C DNQEM." VJG NKIJV CURGEV QH VJG

UKIPCN CV VJG TGCT QH VJCV DNQEM EJCPIGU HTQO

ITGGP QT [GNNQY VQ TGF CPF VJG UVQR CTO CV VJCV

UKIPCN TGOCKPU FQYP VQ CNNQY VJG GPVKTG NGPIVJ

QH VJG VTCKP VQ RCUU KPVQ VJG DNQEM0" 1PEG VJG

VTCKP JCU RCUUGF KPVQ VJG DNQEM."VJG UVQR CTO CV

VJG UKIPCN QPG DNQEM VQ VJG TGCT TKUGU VQ VJG

WRTKIJV RQUKVKQP0"6JG UKIPCN QH VJG DNQEM VQ VJG

TGCT KU CNTGCF[ TGF." CPF KVU VTKR CTO KU KP VJG

WRTKIJV RQUKVKQP DGECWUG KV KU VJG DNQEM VJCV VJG

VTCKP RTGXKQWUN[ QEEWRKGF0" +P OQUV KPUVCPEGU.

VJG UKIPCN HQT VJG DNQEM CHVGT VJG EQPVTQN NKPG

FKURNC[U C [GNNQY CURGEV." OGCPKPI VJG VTCKP

QRGTCVQT KU VQ RTQEGGF YKVJ ECWVKQP." DG RTG/

RCTGF VQ UVQR0

32 6JG CWVQOCVKE UVQR CTO HQT C

DNQEM KP YJKEJ VJG UKIPCN FKURNC[U C ECWVKQP

CURGEV KU KP VJG NQYGTGF RQUKVKQP0" 6TCPUKV QH/

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

32 4WNG" 7;" *D+" QH VJG 4WNGU CPF 4GIWNCVKQPU )QXGTPKPI

'ORNQ[GGU 'PICIGF KP VJG 1RGTCVKQP QH VJG 0GY ;QTM %KV[

6TCPUKV 5[UVGO"*4GXKUGF"3;;4+0

HKEKCNU UVCVGF VJCV VJG 0;%6 XCTKGU VJG EQPVTQN

NKPG." QT VJG PWODGT QH TGF UKIPCNU CPF [GNNQY

UKIPCNU." FGRGPFKPI QP VJG FKUVCPEGU DGVYGGP

UKIPCNU0" #P QHHKEKCN KPFKECVGF VJCV CHVGT VJG

9KNNKCOUDWTI $TKFIG CEEKFGPV."VJG 0;%6 YKNN

GZVGPF VJG EQPVTQN NKPG KP CTGCU YJGTG VJG

CEEGNGTCVKQP CPF DTCMKPI OQFKHKECVKQPU VQ VJG

ECTU FQ PQV RTQXKFG CP CFGSWCVG UCHGV[ OCTIKP0

6JG 0;%6 CNUQ RTQXKFGU QXGTNCRU QH VJG

EQPVTQN NKPGU KP UVCVKQP CTGCU0"6JG QXGTNCR RQT/

VKQP KU PQV C HWNN DNQEM DWV WUWCNN[ GPFU CV C EWV

UGEVKQP DG[QPF VJG UVCVKQP0"#EEQTFKPI VQ 0;%6

QHHKEKCNU." VJKU FGUKIP IGPGTCNN[ RTQXKFGU UWHHK/

EKGPV FKUVCPEG HQT GOGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI RNWU C

UCHGV[ OCTIKP QH"57"RGTEGPV HQT VTCKPU VTCXGNKPI

CV C URGGF QH"37"ORJ."YJKEJ KU VJG URGGF HQT

NGCXKPI C UVCVKQP TGSWKTGF D[ VJG 0;%6

QRGTCVKPI OCPWCN CV 4WNG" 5;" *K+0" 6JG UKIPCN

FGUKIP CV UVCVKQPU FQGU PQV RTQXKFG VJG FKUVCPEG

PGGFGF HQT GOGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI D[ C VTCKP

VTCXGNKPI CV OCZKOWO URGGF0

#P 0;%6 QHHKEKCN VGUVKHKGF VJCV." IKXGP VJG

RGTHQTOCPEG QH VJG CEEKFGPV XGJKENG." VJG

492057"HGGV QH URCEKPI DGVYGGP UKIPCNU ,4/34:

CPF ,4/347" FKF PQV RTQXKFG C UWHHKEKGPV GOGT/

IGPE[ DTCMKPI FKUVCPEG KP C YQTUV/ECUG UEG/

PCTKQ." YJKEJ KU OCZKOWO CVVCKPCDNG URGGF0

33

*G UVCVGF VJCV VJG QRGTCVKQP QH VJG VTCKPU KP

TGURQPUG VQ UKIPCNU KTGNKGU JGCXKN[ WRQP VJG

VTCKP QRGTCVQTU EQORN[KPI YKVJ VJG CURGEVU FKU/

RNC[GF0L #V C ,WPG" 43." 3;;7." JGCTKPI EQP/

FWEVGF D[ VJG 0GY ;QTM %KV[ %QWPEKNIU %QO/

OKVVGG QP 6TCPURQTVCVKQP." CPQVJGT 0;%6

QHHKEKCN VGUVKHKGF." K0GY ;QTM %KV[ 6TCPUKV JCU

PGXGT UCKF VJCV KV JCU C HCKN/UCHG"*UKIPCN+"U[UVGO

Q0" 9G FGRGPF QP UCHG QRGTCVKQP0" 9JGP VJCV

QEEWTU."YG JCXG C UWRGTKQT UCHGV[ TGEQTF0L

$GHQTG VJG 9KNNKCOUDWTI $TKFIG CEEKFGPV.

VJG 0;%6 JCF TGEQIPK\GF VJCV CTGCU KP KVU

UKIPCN U[UVGO FKF PQV RTQXKFG UWHHKEKGPV DTCMKPI

FKUVCPEG CPF JCF EQPVTCEVGF VYQ EQORCPKGU VQ

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

33 6JG 4/62" ECT KU ECRCDNG QH URGGFU WR VQ"77"ORJ0"6JG

URCEKPI DGVYGGP UKIPCNU ,4/34:"CPF ,4/347"KU DCUGF QP VJG

QTKIKPCN 4/;"ECT RGTHQTOCPEG0"6JG 4/;"ECT EQWNF CVVCKP C

OCZKOWO URGGF QH" 490;" ORJ CV UKIPCN ,4/34:." YJKEJ

YQWNF JCXG TGSWKTGF"3;8"HGGV HQT GOGTIGPE[ UVQRRKPI0
35

FGVGTOKPG VJG UEQRG QH VJG RTQDNGO0" 6QTQPVQ

6TCPUKV %QPUWNVCPVU PQVGF KP C UVWF[ FQPG KP

3;;5"VJCV QNFGT CTGCU QH VJG UKIPCN U[UVGO FKF

PQV EQORN[ YKVJ VJG 0;%6IU FGUKIP UVCPFCTFU0

6JG 0;%6 CFFTGUUGF VJG FGHKEKGPE[ KP KVU UKI/

PCN U[UVGO D[ EQPVTCEVKPI CP GPIKPGGTKPI HKTO.

2CTUQPU $TKPMGTJQHH." VQ RGTHQTO C OQTG

FGVCKNGF GZCOKPCVKQP QH UKVGU QP VJG 0;%6

U[UVGO0" 2CTUQPU $TKPMGTJQHH GZCOKPGF" :.479

OCKPNKPG UKIPCNU CPF QVJGT UKIPCNU IQXGTPKPI

OCKPNKPG VTCKP OQXGOGPVU0"+P VJG HKTUV RJCUG QH

KVU UKIPCN CPCN[UKU." 2CTUQPU $TKPMGTJQHH HQWPF

VJCV"73"RGTEGPV QH VJG UKIPCNU DGVYGGP UVCVKQPU

JCF PQ OCTIKP QH UCHGV[ DCUGF QP VJG DTCMKPI

ECRCDKNKV[ QH ECTU DGHQTG VJG 0;%6 DGICP OQF/

KH[KPI KVU XGJKENGU0"6JG 0;%6 VJGP CUMGF 2CT/

UQPU $TKPMGTJQHH VQ TGXKGY VJG UKIPCN UCHGV[

OCTIKPU DCUGF QP OQFKHKGF ECT RGTHQTOCPEG

CPF VJG PGY"3;;7" DTCMKPI UVCPFCTF0"6JG EQP/

VTCEVQT EQORNGVGF KVU CPCN[UKU QH C UGEVKQP QH VJG

3WGGPU .KPG CPF HQWPF VJCV QH VJG"498"UKIPCNU

DGVYGGP UVCVKQPU."42;"JCF PQ OCTIKP QH UCHGV[

DCUGF QP VJG RTG/3;;7"DTCMKPI CPF CEEGNGTCVKQP

VGUVU CPF VJCV CNN JCF UQOG OCTIKP QH UCHGV[

DCUGF QP OQFKHKGF ECT RGTHQTOCPEG CPF VJG

3;;7" DTCMKPI UVCPFCTF0" $CUGF QP VJG 3WGGPU

.KPG HKPFKPIU."0;%6 QHHKEKCNU GUVKOCVG VJCV VJG

ECT RGTHQTOCPEG OQFKHKECVKQPU TGUWNV KP HGYGT

VJCP"722"UKIPCNU DGVYGGP UVCVKQPU PQV JCXKPI C

UCHGV[ OCTIKP QH" 57" RGTEGPV0" 1H VJGUG" 722.

CDQWV" 422" UKIPCNU DGVYGGP UVCVKQPU JCXG C

UCHGV[ OCTIKP QH NGUU VJCP" 47" RGTEGPV0" 6JG

0;%6 QHHKEKCNU UVCVGF VJCV VJG VTCPUKV EQORCP[

KPVGPFU VQ CFFTGUU GCEJ QH VJGUG UKIPCNU YKVJKP

5"VQ"7"[GCTU VJTQWIJ C EQODKPCVKQP QH KP/JQWUG

UKIPCN OQFKHKECVKQPU CPF UKIPCN OQFGTPK\CVKQP

EQPVTCEVU0" 6JG UKIPCNU YKNN DG OQFKHKGF KP

RTKQTKV[ QTFGT DGIKPPKPI YKVJ VJQUG VJCV JCXG

NGUU VJCP" 322" RGTEGPV QH VJG TGSWKTGF GOGT/

IGPE[ DTCMKPI FKUVCPEG0" +P VJG ECUG QH 9KN/

NKCOUDWTI $TKFIG." VJG 0;%6 JCU RQUVGF C"37

ORJ URGGF NKOKV QP VJG CRRTQCEJ WPVKN VJG

UKIPCNU ECP DG OQFKHKGF0

Long-range Improvements G $GHQTG

VJKU CEEKFGPV." VJG 0;%6 JCF EQPVTCEVGF &G

.GWY." %CVJGT" (" %QORCP[ VQ KFGPVKH[ CRRTQ/

RTKCVG VGEJPQNQI[ HQT VJG VTCPUKV EQORCP[ VQ WUG

KP OQFGTPK\KPI KVU UKIPCN U[UVGO0" +P 1EVQDGT

3;;7." VJG EQPVTCEVQT EQORNGVGF 6JG 0GY

6GEJPQNQI[ 5KIPCN 5[UVGO" *0655+" 5VWF[.

YJKEJ TGXKGYU CPF EQORCTGU VJG RGTHQTOCPEG.

UCHGV[."TGNKCDKNKV[." OCKPVCKPCDKNKV[." CPF EQUV QH

VJG HQNNQYKPI UKIPCN VGEJPQNQIKGU<

• /QFGTP HKZGF/DNQEM YKVJ YC[UKFG

UKIPCNU=

• /QFGTP HKZGF/DNQEM YKVJ ECD UKIPCN

EQPVTQN=

• %QOOWPKECVKQPU/DCUGF VTCKP EQP/

VTQN U[UVGO="CPF

• 1XGTNC[ V[RG EQOOWPKECVKQPU/

DCUGF VTCKP EQPVTQN U[UVGO0

6JG UVWF[ HQWPF VJCV C EQOOWPKECVKQPU/

DCUGF VTCKP EQPVTQN U[UVGO DGUV OGV VJG

0;%6IU TGSWKTGOGPVU." YCU VJG OQUV EQUV

GHHGEVKXG." CPF OGV KPFWUVT[ UVCPFCTFU0" +P C

EQOOWPKECVKQPU/DCUGF UKIPCNKPI U[UVGO."FKIKVCN

EQORQPGPVU KPUVCNNGF QP VJG VTCKP CPF QP VJG

YC[UKFG VTCPUOKV CPF TGEGKXG UKIPCNU VJCV CTG

RTQEGUUGF D[ C EQORWVGT."YJKEJ CWVQOCVKECNN[

TGIWNCVGU VJG URGGF QH VJG XGJKENG." VJGTGD[

EQPVTQNNKPI VJG UGRCTCVKQP DGVYGGP VTCKPU0" 6JG

U[UVGOU CNUQ TGEQTF CPF RTQXKFG KPHQTOCVKQP QP

VTCKP NQECVKQPU." OQXGOGPV CWVJQTKVKGU." VTCKP

URGGF." VTCEM EQPFKVKQPU." TQWVG KPVGITKV[." YQTM

DNQEMU." U[UVGO JGCNVJ." CPF QVJGT HCEVQTU VJCV

CHHGEV VJG UCHGV[ QH QRGTCVKQPU0" 6JG UVWF[

EQPENWFGF VJCV." UJQWNF VJG 0;%6 KORNGOGPV

UWEJ C U[UVGO." VJG PWODGT QH EQNNKUKQPU CPF

QVJGT KPEKFGPVU CVVTKDWVCDNG VQ KORTQRGT VTCKP

EQPVTQN CPF PQP/OGEJCPKECN HCKNWTGU YQWNF

FGETGCUG0

#EEQTFKPI VQ 0;%6 QHHKEKCNU."VJG EQORCP[

YKNN DG RKNQVKPI C EQOOWPKECVKQPU/DCUGF EQPVTQN

U[UVGO WUKPI VYQ HQWT/ECT VGUV VTCKPU QP C"44/

OKNG UGEVKQP QH VJG %CPCTUKG .KPG0"6JG[ UVCVGF

VJCV VJG[ CTG EWTTGPVN[ YQTMKPI YKVJ C FGUKIP

EQPUWNVCPV VQ FGXGNQR C URGEKHKECVKQP RCEMCIG0

1HHKEKCNU KPFKECVGF VJCV VJG[ JQRG VQ CYCTF C

EQPVTCEV KP" 3;;:" CPF GZRGEV VQ JCXG VJG RKNQV

RTQLGEV KP UGTXKEG D["42250"6JG[ GUVKOCVG VJCV

KPUVCNNCVKQP QH EQORWVGT/DCUGF UKIPCNKPI QP VJG

GPVKTG 0;%6 U[UVGO YKNN EQUV"&508"DKNNKQP CPF

VCMG CDQWV"72"[GCTU0

37

FKURCVEJGTU VQ FGVGTOKPG JQY VJG[ KPVGTRTGVGF

VJG EQOOWPKECVKQPU RTQEGFWTGU EQPVCKPGF KP

VJG 0;%6 QRGTCVKPI TWNGU0" 1PG QRGTCVQT UCKF

VJCV JG WPFGTUVQQF KV VQ OGCP VJCV WRQP UVQR/

RKPI CV C TGF UKIPCN." JG JCF VQ ECNN VJG EQO/

OCPF EGPVGT CHVGT YCKVKPI"4"OKPWVGU KH PQ VTCKP

YCU XKUKDNG KP HTQPV QH JKO="JQYGXGT."KH C VTCKP

YCU XKUKDNG KP HTQPV QH JKO."JG YCU TGSWKTGF VQ

ECNN VJG EQOOCPF EGPVGT CHVGT YCKVKPI" 7" OKP/

WVGU0"#PQVJGT VTCKP QRGTCVQT DGNKGXGF VJCV YJGP

JG ECOG VQ C TGF UKIPCN."JG JCF VQ ECNN VJG EQO/

OCPF EGPVGT KOOGFKCVGN[ KH JG FKF PQV UGG C

VTCKP KP HTQPV QH JKO CPF JCF VQ ECNN CHVGT" 4

OKPWVGU KH JG FKF UGG C VTCKP0"# FKURCVEJGT UCKF

VJCV VTCKP QRGTCVQTU UJQWNF ECNN" $TKIJV CYC[$

YJGP VJG[ CTG UVQRRGF CV C TGF UKIPCN=

JQYGXGT." CPQVJGT FKURCVEJGT UVCVGF VJCV VTCKP

QRGTCVQTU YGTG TGSWKTGF VQ ECNN VJG EQOOCPF

EGPVGT KOOGFKCVGN[ KH VJG[ FKF PQV UGG C VTCKP KP

HTQPV QH VJGO CPF CHVGT" 4" OKPWVGU KH VJG[ FKF

UGG C VTCKP0"#P 1EVQDGT"34."3;;7."TGRQTV QP VJG

9KNNKCOUDWTI $TKFIG CEEKFGPV RTGRCTGF D[ VJG

0GY ;QTM %KV[ %QWPEKNIU %QOOKVVGG QP

6TCPURQTVCVKQP35 HQWPF VJCV HGY QH VJG QRGTCVQTU

KPVGTXKGYGF JCF GXGT EQPVCEVGF VJG EQOOCPF

EGPVGT GZEGRV KP ECUGU QH GOGTIGPEKGU0

Operational and Efficiency Testing G

6JG 0;%6 JCU PQ HQTOCN YTKVVGP GHHKEKGPE[

VGUVKPI RTQITCO=" JQYGXGT."KV FQGU RGTKQFKECNN[

RGTHQTO WPCPPQWPEGF EJGEMU QH KVU QRGTCVKPI

RGTUQPPGN HQT EQORGVGPE[ CPF HQT EQORNKCPEG

YKVJ QRGTCVKPI TWNGU CPF URGGF TGUVTKEVKQPU0

6JG 0;%6 WUGU 6JG 1RGTCVKPI 'ORNQ[GG

'XCNWCVKQP %JGEM .KUV."EQOOQPN[ ECNNGF VJG $/

(QTO."VQ TGEQTF VJG EQORGVGPE[ QH VTCKP QRGT/

CVQTU CPF EQPFWEVQTU"*UGG CRRGPFKZ &+0"# VTCKP

UGTXKEG UWRGTXKUQT EQORNGVGU VJG TGRQTV."TCVKPI

VJG GORNQ[GG KP GNGOGPVU TCPIKPI HTQO WPKHQTO

CRRGCTCPEG VQ QXGTCNN QRGTCVKQP0" $GHQTG VJKU

CEEKFGPV."VJG $/(QTO EQPVCKPGF"39"GNGOGPVU HQT

EQPFWEVQTU CPF"3;"GNGOGPVU HQT VTCKP QRGTCVQTU0

#P GORNQ[GGIU EQORGVGPE[ KP GCEJ QH VJG GNG/

OGPVU YCU TCVGF )QQF." #EEGRVCDNG." QT

7PCEEGRVCDNG0" 6JG QXGTCNN TCVKPI VJCV CP

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

35 6JG 9KNNKCOUDWTI $TKFIG %QNNKUKQP<"(KPFKPIU CPF 4GE/

QOOGPFCVKQPU."0GY ;QTM %KV[ %QWPEKN."1EVQDGT"3;;70

GORNQ[GG TGEGKXGF YCU TGEQTFGF KP VJG 0;%6

EQORWVGT FCVC DCUG0" $GHQTG VJG 9KNNKCOUDWTI

$TKFIG CEEKFGPV." VJG 0;%6 JCF" 326 VTCKP

UGTXKEG UWRGTXKUQTU VQ QXGTUGG OQTG VJCP"7.422

QRGTCVKPI GORNQ[GGU0" 5KPEG VJG CEEKFGPV." VJG

EQORCP[ JCU KPETGCUGF VJG PWODGT QH VTCKP

UGTXKEG UWRGTXKUQTU VQ"3780

$GHQTG VJG 9KNNKCOUDWTI $TKFIG CEEKFGPV.

VJG 0;%6 EQPFWEVGF QP/DQCTF UWTXGKNNCPEG

EJGEMU QH VTCKP QRGTCVQTU HQT QRGTCVKPI TWNGU

EQORNKCPEG VYKEG C [GCT0" #HVGT VJG CEEKFGPV.

VJG VTCPUKV EQORCP[ KPETGCUGF VJG PWODGT QH

QP/DQCTF UWTXGKNNCPEG EJGEMU VQ VJTGG VKOGU C

[GCT0

#U C TGUWNV QH KVU KPXGUVKICVKQP QH VJG"325TF

5VTGGV UVCVKQP CEEKFGPV KP" 3;:;." VJG 5CHGV[

$QCTF KFGPVKHKGF VJG PGGF HQT URGGF EQORNKCPEG

EJGEMU CPF KUUWGF VJG HQNNQYKPI UCHGV[ TGEQO/

OGPFCVKQP VQ VJG 0;%6<

4/;2/6

%QPFWEV TCPFQO VGUVKPI." WUKPI TCFCT

IWPU." QH VTCKP URGGF." YKVJ URGEKCN GO/

RJCUKU IKXGP VQ VJQUG NQECVKQPU YJGTG

URGGF TGUVTKEVKQPU CTG KP GHHGEV0

6JG 0;%6 EQPEWTTGF YKVJ VJG TGEQOOGP/

FCVKQP." UVCVKPI VJCV KV CNTGCF[ TGIWNCTN[ OQPK/

VQTGF VTCKP QRGTCVQT EQORNKCPEG YKVJ RQUVGF

URGGF NKOKVU." DWV VJCV KOCPRQYGT RGTOKVVKPI.L

KV YQWNF KKPVGPUKH[ Q GHHQTVU VQ GPUWTG VJCV

URGGF TGUVTKEVKQPU CTG UVTKEVN[ QDG[GF0L 1P

&GEGODGT"43."3;;2."VJG 5CHGV[ $QCTF ENCUUKHKGF

5CHGV[ 4GEQOOGPFCVKQP 4/;2/6" K%NQUGF G

#EEGRVCDNG #EVKQP0L

#P EQORCP[ QHHKEKCN VGUVKHKGF VJCV DGHQTG

VJG 9KNNKCOUDWTI CEEKFGPV."VJG 0;%6 JCF EQP/

FWEVGF URGGF EQORNKCPEG EJGEMU KP MPQYP

RTQDNGO CTGCU QT KP TGURQPUG VQ C EQORNCKPV0

5KPEG VJG CEEKFGPV."VJG 0;%6 JCU KPETGCUGF VJG

PWODGT QH URGGF EJGEMU KFTCOCVKECNN[.L YJKEJ

JCU TGUWNVGF KP C TGFWEVKQP KP XKQNCVKQPU0"+P 5GR/

VGODGT" 3;;7." VJG 0;%6 EQPFWEVGF" 88;" URGGF

EJGEMU CPF KFGPVKHKGF"39"XKQNCVKQPU="KP 1EVQDGT

3;;7."KV EQPFWEVGF CDQWV";22"URGGF EJGEMU CPF

KFGPVKHKGF"8"XKQNCVKQPU0"*G UCKF VJCV VJG 0;%6

EQPFWEVGF OQUV QH VJG VGUVU KP CTGCU YJGTG KV
38

JCU VJG ITGCVGUV TKUM0" *G GZRNCKPGF VJCV VJG

0;%6 FQGU PQV OCKPVCKP TGEQTFU QH CNN VTCKP

QRGTCVQT GHHKEKGPE[ VGUVU="KV MGGRU HKNGU QPN[ QP

VJQUG YJQ HCKN VJG VGUVU0"4GXKGYGTU CFXKUG GO/

RNQ[GGU QPN[ YJGP VJG[ JCXG HCKNGF C VGUV="VJG[

FQ PQV VGNN VJGO YJGP VJG[ JCXG RCUUGF C VGUV0

6JG 0;%6 QHHKEKCN VGUVKHKGF VJCV VJG EQO/

RCP[IU 4CRKF 6TCPUKV 1RGTCVKQPU"*461+"CPF KVU

&GRCTVOGPV QH 'NGEVTKECN 5GTXKEGU CTG FGXGNQR/

KPI CP GHHKEKGPE[ VGUVKPI RTQITCO VJCV YKNN

HGCVWTG QRGTCVKPI UEGPCTKQU VQ YJKEJ VJG VTCKP

QRGTCVQT OWUV TGURQPF EQTTGEVN[0

Fitness-for-duty Programs G (GFGTCN

TGIWNCVKQPU TGSWKTG VJCV VTCPUKV EQORCPKGU JCXG

FTWI VGUVKPI RTQITCOU CPF CNEQJQN OKUWUG

RQNKEKGU HQT GORNQ[GGU0"#NN EQXGTGF GORNQ[GGU

CTG TGSWKTGF VQ TGEGKXG CV NGCUV"82" OKPWVGU QH

VTCKPKPI CDQWV VJG GHHGEVU CPF U[ORVQOU QH FTWI

WUG=" UWRGTXKUQTU TGEGKXG CP CFFKVKQPCN" 82

OKPWVGU QH VTCKPKPI VJCV HQEWUGU QP KFGPVKH[KPI

U[ORVQOU QH CNEQJQN WUG0" (GFGTCN TGIWNCVKQPU

FQ PQV TGSWKTG VJCV VTCPUKV EQORCPKGU FGXGNQR

HCVKIWG GFWECVKQPCN RTQITCOU QT KPEQTRQTCVG

HCVKIWG CYCTGPGUU KP GORNQ[GG VTCKPKPI0

6JG 0;%6 TGSWKTGU KVU VTCKP FKURCVEJGTU VQ

GXCNWCVG ETGYOGODGTU)"HKVPGUU HQT FWV[ D[ QD/

UGTXKPI UWEJ HCEVQTU CU IGPGTCN CRRGCTCPEG.

WPKHQTOU."OQQF."CPF VKOGNKPGUU YJGP TGRQTVKPI

VQ FWV[0" &KURCVEJGTU CTG VQ TGOQXG HTQO

UGTXKEG CP[ ETGYOGODGT LWFIGF PQV VQ DG KP HKV

EQPFKVKQP CPF CTG VQ TGRQTV VJG GORNQ[GGIU

TGOQXCN VQ VJG EQOOCPF EGPVGT0

# FKURCVEJGT CPF CP CUUKUVCPV FKURCVEJGT

YJQ JCF QDUGTXGF VJG , VTCKP QRGTCVQT QP VJG

OQTPKPI QH VJG CEEKFGPV UVCVGF VJCV VJG[ FKF PQV

PQVG CP[VJKPI WPWUWCN CDQWV JKU DGJCXKQT YJKNG

JG YCU YCKVKPI CV VJG UVCVKQP HQT JKU PGZV VTKR0

'CEJ QH VJG FKURCVEJGTU JCF VCMGP 0;%6IU"4/

FC[ VTCKPKPI ENCUU QP FGVGTOKPKPI HKVPGUU HQT

FWV[ CDQWV"5"[GCTU DGHQTG VJKU CEEKFGPV="PGKVJGT

FKURCVEJGT JCF TGEGKXGF HQNNQY/WR VTCKPKPI0

#EEQTFKPI VQ 0;%6 QHHKEKCNU."VJG KPVGPV QH

VJG VTCPUKV EQORCP[IU HKVPGUU/HQT/FWV[ RTQITCO

KU VQ KFGPVKH[ GORNQ[GGU WPFGT VJG KPHNWGPEG QH

CNEQJQN QT EQPVTQNNGF UWDUVCPEGU0" +P #WIWUV

3;;7."VJG 0;%6 EQORNGVGF C HCVKIWG UVWF[ VJCV

TGUWNVGF KP VJG EQORCP[ KPKVKCVKPI UQOG RQNKE[

EJCPIGU0" 6JG &GRCTVOGPV QH 5WDYC[U JCU

KORNGOGPVGF C OCZKOWO"38/JQWT YQTMFC[.

36 C

TGSWKTGOGPV VJCV GCEJ GORNQ[GG OWUV DG QHH

FWV[":"JQWTU DGVYGGP YQTMFC[U."CPF C TGSWKTG/

OGPV VJCV GCEJ GORNQ[GG OWUV JCXG CV NGCUV"3

TGIWNCT FC[ QHH RGT RC[ RGTKQF0"6JG 0;%6 JCU

CNUQ FGXGNQRGF C" 7" OKPWVG XKFGQ." 5CHG 6TCKP

1RGTCVKQP." VJCV FKUEWUUGU UCHG QRGTCVKPI RTCE/

VKEGU HQT VTCKP QRGTCVQTU0" #FFKVKQPCNN[." 0;%6

KU KPXGUVKICVKPI VJG FGXGNQROGPV QH C HCVKIWG/

CYCTGPGUU RTQITCO CPF VJG HGCUKDKNKV[ QH

CFFTGUUKPI HCVKIWG KP VJG HKVPGUU/HQT/FWV[ GXCNW/

CVKQPU0"1HHKEKCNU UVCVGF VJCV VJG EQORNGVKQP FCVG

HQT VJGUG RTQITCOU JCU PQV DGGP FGVGTOKPGF0

Meteorological Information

9KVPGUUGU UVCVGF VJCV VJG YGCVJGT YCU ENGCT

CPF UWPP[ CPF VJCV VJG VGORGTCVWTG YCU"972 (

CV VJG VKOG QH VJG CEEKFGPV0

Medical and Pathological

6JG %KV[ /GFKECN 'ZCOKPGT QH VJG %KV[ QH

0GY ;QTM RGTHQTOGF CP CWVQRU[ QP VJG , VTCKP

QRGTCVQT QP ,WPG"7."3;;7."CPF FGVGTOKPGF VJCV

VJG ECWUG QH FGCVJ YCU HTCEVWTGU CPF XKUEGTCN

NCEGTCVKQPU TGUWNVKPI HTQO DNWPV KORCEVU VQ VJG

JGCF." VQTUQ." CPF GZVTGOKVKGU0" 6QZKEQNQIKECN

CPCN[UGU QH VJG VTCKP QRGTCVQTIU DNQQF." WTKPG.

CPF XKVTGQWU JWOQT YGTG PGICVKXG HQT FTWIU

CPF CNEQJQN0

Survival Factors

Emergency Response G #V"8<39"C0O0.

VJG RQNKEG";33" FKURCVEJGT TGEGKXGF C VGNGRJQPG

ECNN HTQO C RGTUQP UVCVKPI VJCV C VTCKP EQNNKUKQP

JCF QEEWTTGF QP 9KNNKCOUDWTI $TKFIG0" 6JG

FKURCVEJGT PQVKHKGF VJG (&0; CV" 8<39" C0O0.

YJKEJ KOOGFKCVGN[ FKURCVEJGF HQWT GPIKPGU.

VYQ NCFFGT VTWEMU."CPF QPG TGUEWG WPKV HTQO KVU

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

36 6JG FGRCTVOGPV TGRQTVGFN[ KU EQPUKFGTKPI KORNGOGPVKPI

C OCZKOWO"36/JQWT YQTMFC[0
39

48;" *GPT[ 5VTGGV UVCVKQP." YJKEJ YCU CDQWV C

JCNH OKNG HTQO VJG UEGPG0"6JG WPKVU CTTKXGF CV

VJG UEGPG CV"8<44"C0O0."CPF VJG DCVVCNKQP EJKGH

JCF GUVCDNKUJGF C EQOOCPF RQUV D["8<56" C0O0

(KTG FGRCTVOGPV QHHKEKCNU TGRQTVGF PQ

FKHHKEWNVKGU KP TGURQPFKPI VQ VJG UEGPG0

6JG HKTUV NKHG/UWRRQTV CODWNCPEG JCF CT/

TKXGF CV VJG CEEKFGPV UKVG CPF JCF GUVCDNKUJGF C

VTKCIG D[" 8<48" C0O0" 6JG 'OGTIGPE[ /GFKECN

5GTXKEG"*'/5+"%QOOCPF 2QUV YCU GUVCDNKUJGF

CV"8<55" C0O0" PGCT VJG KPEKFGPV UKVG0"6JG '/5

QHHKEKCNU TGRQTVGF GPEQWPVGTKPI PQ FKHHKEWNVKGU KP

TGURQPFKPI VQ VJG UEGPG0" 6JG[ UVCVGF VJCV

DGECWUG QH VJG RTQZKOKV[ QH VJG TCKN ECTU VQ VJG

DTKFIG UWRGTUVTWEVWTG." GZVTKECVKPI VJG KPLWTGF

RCUUGPIGTU HTQO VJG VTCKPU VQQM NQPIGT VJCP

WUWCN0" 4GURQPFGTU JCF VQ WUG HKTG FGRCTVOGPV

NCFFGTU VQ DTKFIG VJG FKUVCPEG DGVYGGP VJG VTCKP

ECTU CPF VJG CFLCEGPV RNCVHQTO CPF JCF VQ

FGNKECVGN[ OCPGWXGT VJG XKEVKOU YJQ YGTG QP

UVTGVEJGTU VQ CXQKF KPLWTKPI VJGO0" 6JG NCUV

XKEVKO YCU VTCPURQTVGF HTQO VJG CEEKFGPV UKVG VQ

VJG JQURKVCN" 5" JQWTU CPF" 65" OKPWVGU CHVGT VJG

EQNNKUKQP0" # VQVCN QH" 69" CODWNCPEGU CPF" 3

VTCPUKV DWU YGTG WUGF VQ VTCPURQTV VJG KPLWTGF VQ

JQURKVCNU FWTKPI VJG TGURQPUG GHHQTV0

9KNNKCOUDWTI $TKFIG YCU KOOGFKCVGN[

ENQUGF VQ XGJKEWNCT CPF RGFGUVTKCP VTCHHKE KP

DQVJ FKTGEVKQPU0"6TCHHKE RQUVU YGTG GUVCDNKUJGF

VQ GZRGFKVG VJG OQXGOGPV QH GOGTIGPE[ XGJK/

ENGU0" 2QNKEG CUUKUVGF KP GXCEWCVKPI RCUUGPIGTU

HTQO VJG VTCKPU." EQPVTQNNKPI VJG ETQYF." EQP/

VTQNNKPI VTCHHKE." GUEQTVKPI CODWNCPEGU CPF

GOGTIGPE[ GSWKROGPV."CPF FKTGEVKPI RCUUGPIGTU

VQ CNVGTPCVKXG VTCPURQTVCVKQP0

Disaster Preparedness G 6JG (&0;

JCU CP QPIQKPI VTCKPKPI RTQITCO YKVJ VJG NQECN

TCKNTQCFU VQ HCOKNKCTK\G HKTUV/CNCTO CPF TGUEWG

RGTUQPPGN YKVJ VJG HKTG UCHGV[ GSWKROGPV CPF

HCEKNKVKGU CV VJG XCTKQWU TCKN UVCVKQPU CPF NKPGU0

#U RCTV QH VJG RTQITCO." VJG (&0; EQPFWEVU

RGTKQFKE FTKNNU CHVGT TGIWNCT FWV[ JQWTU CPF

DGHQTG VJG TWUJ JQWT YJKNG VJG TCKN U[UVGO KU

UJWV FQYP HQT TGRCKTU CPF TQWVKPG OCKPVGPCPEG0

6JG FTKNNU IKXG HKTG RGTUQPPGN VJG QRRQTVWPKV[ VQ

GZCOKPG C TCKN HCEKNKV[." KPENWFKPI KVU HKTG OCKP

U[UVGO." UOQMG EQPVTQN U[UVGO." CPF JCPFK/

ECRRGF GNGXCVQTU CPF TCORU." CPF VJG CTGC

CTQWPF VJG UVCVKQP0" 4GUEWG RGTUQPPGN CNUQ

TGEGKXG UCHGV[ DTKGHKPIU QP RTGECWVKQPU VJG[

UJQWNF VCMG HQT VJGOUGNXGU CPF HQT TCKN

RCUUGPIGTU YJGP TGURQPFKPI VQ CP GOGTIGPE[

KP C TCKNTQCF VWPPGN QT QP VJG TKIJV/QH/YC[0

1HHKEKCNU HTQO GCEJ QH VJG JQURKVCNU VJCV

VTGCVGF RCVKGPVU HTQO VJKU CEEKFGPV UVCVGF VJCV

VJG[ JCXG CP GOGTIGPE[ FKUCUVGT RNCP CPF

TQWVKPGN[ RCTVKEKRCVG KP FKUCUVGT FTKNNU YKVJ NQECN

GOGTIGPE[ TGURQPUG CWVJQTKVKGU0

Wreckage G 6JG NGCF ECT QH VJG , VTCKP.

6683."RCTVKCNN[ VGNGUEQRGF CDQWV"39"HGGV KPVQ ECT

68860" 6JG TGCT VTWEM QH ECT" 6886" JCF DGGP

MPQEMGF QHH KVU EGPVGT ECUVKPI CPF JCF DGGP

OQXGF HQTYCTF CDQWV" 9" HGGV." TCKUKPI VJG ECT

DQF[ CDQWV"8"HGGV KPVQ VJG CKT0" 6JG HTQPV GPF

CPF QRGTCVKPI EQORCTVOGPV QH ECT" 6683" JCF

EQNNCRUGF KPYCTF"*UGG HKIWTG"9+0"# UWOOCT[ QH

VJG FCOCIG VQ VJG KPFKXKFWCN ECTU HQNNQYU0

M train damage G 1H VJG VTCKPIU GKIJV

ECTU."VJG HKTUV HQWT JCF PQ TGRQTVGF FCOCIG CPF

VJG PGZV VJTGG UWHHGTGF ETCEMGF DQPPGVU37 CPF

DGPV CPVKENKODGTU"*HNCPIGU+0"6JG GKIJVJ CPF NCUV

ECT UWHHGTGF OCUUKXG ECTDQF[ KPVTWUKQP0" 6JG

CPVKENKODGT CPF HTQPV UVTWEVWTG YCU RWUJGF KP

CDQWV"9"HGGV0"6JG HNQQT YCU RGPGVTCVGF."CPF JCF

DWEMNGF WRYCTF CPF KPYCTF0" 6JG XCECPV

QRGTCVQTIU ECD KP VJG DCEM QH VJG ECT YCU VQVCNN[

ETWUJGF="PQ UWTXKXCN URCEG TGOCKPGF0

J train damage G #NN GKIJV ECTU UWHHGTGF

UQOG FGITGG QH FCOCIG0" 6JG NGCF ECT." YJKEJ

UVTWEM VJG TGCT ECT QH VJG / VTCKP."GZRGTKGPEGF

OCUUKXG ECTDQF[ KPVTWUKQP QP VJG QRGTCVQT)U ECD

GPF0" 6JG CPVKENKODGT CPF HTQPV UVTWEVWTG YCU

RWUJGF KP CDQWV"9"HGGV0"6JG KPVGTKQT HNQQT YCU

RGPGVTCVGF." CPF JCF DWEMNGF WRYCTF CPF

KPYCTF0" 6JG GPVKTG GPF QH VJG ECT YCU GUUGP

VKCNN[ FGUVTQ[GF WR VQ VJG JQTK\QPVCN ETQUU OGO/

DGT QXGT VJG EGPVGT RKP0" 6JG HTQPV UGCV

QRRQUKVG VJG QRGTCVQTIU ECD YCU VQVCNN[ ETWUJGF0

6JG QRGTCVQT)U ECD YCU VQVCNN[ ETWUJGF YKVJ PQ

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

37 # DQPPGV KU VJG JQQF VJCV RTQLGEVU QXGT C TCKNTQCF ECT0

3;

EQUOGVKECNN[ EJCPIKPI VJG ECTDQF[." DWV KV FKF

PQV KPENWFG TGVTQHKVVKPI VJG UVTWEVWTCN HGCVWTGU0

6JG 0;%6IU EWTTGPV RTQEWTGOGPV URGEKHK/

ECVKQPU HQT ECTDQF[ EQPUVTWEVKQP KPENWFG KO/

RTQXGF RTKOCT[ CPF UGEQPFCT[ EQNNKUKQP RQUVU.

RTQITGUUKXG ETWUJ TGUKUVCPEG." ECTDQF[ UVTGUU

CPCN[UKU." CPF VTWEM UGEWTKPI FGXKEGU0" 6CDNG" 6

EQORCTGU VJG EWTTGPV 0;%6 URGEKHKECVKQPU YKVJ

VJG (4# ETCUJYQTVJKPGUU FGUKIP TGSWKTGOGPVU

CV %(4"44;03630

Tests and Research

Signal Tests G 0;%6 KPURGEVQTU CTTK/

XKPI UJQTVN[ CHVGT VJG CEEKFGPV FGVGTOKPGF VJCV

CNN TGNC[U."CURGEVU."CPF VTKR CTO RQUKVKQPU YGTG

EQTTGEV."IKXGP VJG NQECVKQPU QH VJG VTCKPU0"6JG[

RGTHQTOGF UGXGTCN VGUVU." KPENWFKPI UJWPV VGUVU.

ITQWPFU VGUVU."CPF C OGIIGT38 VGUV."QP VJG VTCEM

EKTEWKVT[ CPF UKIPCNU." CPF HQWPF PQ CPQOCNKGU

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

38 # VGUV QH UKIPCN EKTEWKVT[ EQPFWEVQTU CPF ECDNGU VQ GP/

UWTG VJCV VJG KPUWNCVKQP QH YKTGU CPF EQPPGEVGF CRRCTCVWU

JCXG CP CNNQYCDNG TGUKUVCPEG QH"722.222"QJOU QT OQTG0

QT WPUCHG EQPFKVKQPU0" 9JGP 5CHGV[ $QCTF

KPXGUVKICVQTU CTTKXGF QP UEGPG."VJG[ EQPFWEVGF

VJGKT QYP VGUVU QH VJG UKIPCN U[UVGO CPF FGVGT/

OKPGF VJCV CNN VTCEM TGNC[U CEVKXCVGF YKVJKP

RTGUETKDGF NKOKVU CPF VJCV CNN UKIPCNU E[ENGF

VJTQWIJ KP RTQRGT UGSWGPEG0

1P ,WPG" 32." 3;;7." 065$ KPXGUVKICVQTU

CNQPI YKVJ RCTVKGU VQ VJG KPXGUVKICVKQP39 EQP/

FWEVGF UGXGTCN VGUVU FGUKIPGF VQ TGRNKECVG VJG

EKTEWOUVCPEGU QH VJG 9KNNKCOUDWTI $TKFIG

CEEKFGPV0" 7UKPI VJG UCOG V[RG CPF PWODGT QH

UWDYC[ ECTU CU YGTG KPXQNXGF KP VJG CEEKFGPV.

KPXGUVKICVQTU RGTHQTOGF XKUKDKNKV[." UKIJV/

FKUVCPEG." UVQR CTO." CPF VTCKP UVQRRKPI VGUVU0

/GEJCPKECN CPF VTCEM RGTUQPPGN YGTG RQUK/

VKQPGF QP VJG DTKFIG VQ OCTM UVQRRKPI RQKPVU.

OGCUWTG FKUVCPEGU." CPF GPUWTG ECT YJGGNU

TQVCVGF FWTKPI DTCMKPI0" 5CHGV[ $QCTF KPXGUVK/

ICVQTU CPF RCTV[ TGRTGUGPVCVKXGU KP VJG NGCF ECT

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

39 4GRTGUGPVCVKXGU QH VJG 0GY ;QTM 2WDNKE 6TCPURQTVCVKQP

5CHGV[ $QCTF." VJG /GVTQRQNKVCP 6TCPURQTVCVKQP #WVJQTKV[

1HHKEG QH VJG +PURGEVQT )GPGTCN."VJG 0;%6."CPF VJG 5VCVG

QH 0GY ;QTM &GRCTVOGPV QH .CDQT0

6CDNG"6"G5VTWEVWTCN &GUKIP 4GSWKTGOGPVU HQT

VJG /WNVKRNG 1RGTCVGF"*/7+"'NGEVTKE .QEQOQVKXG,"CPF VJG 4/8:"5WDYC[ %CT

6JKU EJCTV UJQYU VJG (4# UVCPFCTFU HQT CP /7 VTCKP JCXKPI HKXG QT OQTG"342.222/RQWPF ECTU CPF CP GORV[ YGKIJV

ITGCVGT VJCP"822.222"RQWPFU CPF VJG 0;%6 EQPVTCEV URGEKHKECVKQPU HQT CP 4/8:"UWDYC[ VTCKP JCXKPI GKIJV";2.222/RQWPF

ECTU CPF CP GORV[ YGKIJV QH"942.222"RQWPFU0

Design Aspect FRA Standards

at CFR 229.141

(criteria in pounds)

NYCT Standards

in contract R31468

(criteria in pounds)

$QF[ UVTWEVWTG TGUKUVU C OKPKOCN UVCVKE GPF NQCF

*EQORTGUUKQP NQCF+"QH<

ITGCVGT VJCP

:22.222

ITGCVGT VJCP

722.222

#PVKENKODKPI CTTCPIGOGPV TGUKUVU C XGTVKECN NQCF QH< 322.222 322.222

%QWRNGT ECTTKGT TGUKUVU C XGTVKECN FQYPYCTF VJTWUV QH< 322.222 322.222

/CKP XGTVKECN OGODGTU."VJCV KU."VJG EQNNKUKQP RQUVU."OWUV

JCXG CP WNVKOCVG UJGCT XCNWG,,"QH<

ITGCVGT VJCP

522.222

ITGCVGT VJCP

522.222

/GCPU QH NQEMKPI VJG VTWEM VQ VJG DQF[ OWUV JCXG CP

WNVKOCVG UJGCT XCNWG QH<

ITGCVGT VJCP

472.222

ITGCVGT VJCP

372.222

, FGHKPGF KP"6;"%(4"44;07"*M+*4+"QT"*5+

,, CV C RQKPV GXGP YKVJ VJG VQR QH VJG WPFGTHTCOG0"+H TGKPHQTEGOGPVU CTG WUGF."KV UJCNN JCXG HWNN XCNWG"3:"KPEJGU CDQXG VJG

VQR QH VJG WPFGTHTCOG."VJGP VCRGT VQ C RQKPV CRRTQZKOCVGN["52"KPEJGU CDQXG VJG VQR QH VJG WPFGTHTCOG0
42

QH VJG , VGUV VTCKP QDUGTXGF CPF TGEQTFGF GXGPVU

CU VJG[ QEEWTTGF0

Sight Distance Tests G +PXGUVKICVQTU

EQPFWEVGF C VJTGG/RCTV XKUKDKNKV[ VGUV CDQWV VJG

UCOG VKOG QH FC[ VJCV VJG CEEKFGPV QEEWTTGF0

#P GKIJV/ECT VTCKP QH 4/64"ECTU."UKOWNCVKPI VJG

/ VTCKP."YCU RQUKVKQPGF UQ VJCV KVU GPF YCU CV

VJG RQKPV QH EQNNKUKQP0" #U VJG VGUV , VTCKP YKVJ

GKIJV 4/62" ECTU FGRCTVGF /CTE[ UVCVKQP CPF

UNQYN[ CUEGPFGF VJG 9KNNKCOUDWTI $TKFIG CR/

RTQCEJ." VJG QRGTCVQT UVQRRGF YJGPGXGT JG

EQWNF KFGPVKH[ IKXGP HGCVWTGU QH VJG UVCVKQPCT[

/ VTCKP0" +PXGUVKICVQTU TGEQTFGF VJG HQNNQYKPI

UVQRRKPI RQKPVU CPF VJGKT TGNCVKQP VQ UKIPCNU<"#V

3.854"HGGV."CDQWV"322"HGGV DGHQTG UKIPCN ,4/363.

VJG QRGTCVQT EQWNF FKUEGTP VJG DCEM QH C VTCKP=

CV"3.5:4"HGGV."CDQWV"422"HGGV DGHQTG UKIPCN ,4/

35:." JG EQWNF KFGPVKH[ VJG VTCKPIU TGCT OCTMGT

NKIJVU=" CV" 3.363" HGGV." CDQWV" 622" HGGV DGHQTG

UKIPCN ,4/358." JG EQWNF UGG VJG VTCKPIU GPVKTG

GPF0"+PXGUVKICVQTU KFGPVKHKGF PQ RTQDNGOU YKVJ

VJG KNNWOKPCVKQP QH VJG UKIPCN DWNDU QT YKVJ VJG

CPING QH VJG OQTPKPI UWP QP VJG UKIPCN0

Braking Tests

Emergency Braking G 5CHGV[ $QCTF KP/

XGUVKICVQTU EQPFWEVGF CNN DTCMKPI VGUVU WUKPI VJG

-WUVQO 5KIPCNU (CNEQP TCFCT WPKV."YJKEJ JCU C

-1/" 3/4" ORJ VQNGTCPEG0" +PXGUVKICVQTU JCF VJG

VGUV / VTCKP TGOQXGF HTQO VJG DTKFIG CPF

RNCEGF OCTMGTU CV VJG RQKPV QH KORCEV VQ TGRTG/

UGPV VJG GPF QH VJG / VTCKP0" 6GUVGTU YGPV D[

UKIPCN ,4/34:" VYKEG CV OCZKOWO URGGF VQ VGUV

VJG QRGTCVKQP QH VJG VTKR CTO CPF VJG VTCKPIU VTKR

EQEM CPF VJG GHHGEVKXGPGUU QH VJG VTCKP)U DTCMKPI

U[UVGO KP GOGTIGPE[0

&WTKPI VJG HKTUV TWP." VJG VGUV VTCKP JCF

CVVCKPGF C URGGF QH" 56" ORJ D[ VJG VKOG KV

RCUUGF UKIPCN ,4/34:"CPF CEVKXCVGF VJG VTKR CTO.

YJKEJ UVTWEM VJG VTKR EQEM ECWUKPI VJG VTCKPIU

DTCMGU VQ IQ KPVQ GOGTIGPE[0" 6JG VGUV VTCKP

RCUUGF VJG OCTMGTU TGRTGUGPVKPI VJG TGCT QH VJG

/ VTCKP CV"3:"ORJ="KV ECOG VQ C UVQR"9807"HGGV

DG[QPF VJG EQNNKUKQP RQKPV CPF"58607"HGGV HTQO

VJG KP/VTCEM VTKR CTO0

+PXGUVKICVQTU TGRGCVGF VJG EQPFKVKQPU QH VJG

HKTUV TWP FWTKPI C UGEQPF DTCMKPI VGUV VQ GPUWTG

VJG CEEWTCE[ QH GSWKROGPV RGTHQTOCPEG0" &WT/

KPI VJG UGEQPF VGUV." VJG , VTCKP JCF CVVCKPGF C

URGGF QH"56"ORJ YJGP VJG VTKR CTO CEVKXCVGF CV

UKIPCN ,4/34:" CPF VJG VTCKP YGPV KPVQ

GOGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI0"#ICKP VJG VTCKP RCUUGF VJG

RQKPV QH EQNNKUKQP CV" 3:" ORJ0" +P VJKU VGUV." KV

ECOG VQ C UVQR CDQWV" 9207" HGGV DG[QPF VJG

EQNNKUKQP RQKPV CPF"57:07"HGGV HTQO VJG KP/VTCEM

VTKR CTO0

Full-service Braking G 6JKU DTCMKPI VGUV

FWRNKECVGF VJG EQPFKVKQPU QH VJG RTGXKQWU VGUVU.

GZEGRV VJCV VJG QRGTCVQT OCPWCNN[ RWV VJG VTCKP

KP C HWNN/UGTXKEG DTCMG CRRNKECVKQP CU VJG VTCKP

RCUUGF UKIPCN ,4/34:0"6JG VTCKP JCF CVVCKPGF C

URGGF QH"55"ORJ YJGP KV TGCEJGF UKIPCN ,4/34:

CPF VJG QRGTCVQT OCFG C HWNN UGTXKEG DTCMG

CRRNKECVKQP0" 6JG VTCKP UVQRRGF" 347" HGGV" 32

KPEJGU UJQTV QH VJG EQNNKUKQP RQKPV CPF"384"HGGV

4"KPEJGU HTQO VJG VTKR CTO PGCT UKIPCN ,4/34:0

Maximum Safe Speed G $CUGF QP VJG

HKPFKPIU QH VJG RTGXKQWU VGUVU."KPXGUVKICVQTU ECN/

EWNCVGF VJCV VJG OCZKOWO RQUUKDNG URGGF C VTCKP

EQWNF VTCXGN UQ VJCV KV YQWNF UVQR UJQTV QH VJG

EQNNKUKQP RQKPV CHVGT VTKIIGTKPI VJG VTKR CTO CPF

CEVKXCVKPI VJG GOGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI YCU"52"ORJ0

+P VJG HQWTVJ DTCMKPI VGUV."VJG VTCKP JCF CVVCKPGF

C URGGF QH"4;"ORJ YJGP VJG VTKR CTO KPKVKCVGF

CP GOGTIGPE[ DTCMG CRRNKECVKQP0" 6JG VTCKP

ECOG VQ C UVQR" 34" HGGV" :" KPEJGU UJQTV QH VJG

EQNNKUKQP RQKPV0"+PXGUVKICVQTU VJGP JCF VJG QRGT/

CVQT OCMG CPQVJGT RCUU CV C VCTIGV URGGF QH"47

ORJ0"6JG VTCKP)U URGGF YCU"44"ORJ YJGP VJG

VTKR CTO CEVKXCVGF CPF VTKIIGTGF CP GOGTIGPE[

DTCMG CRRNKECVKQP0"6JG VTCKP ECOG VQ C UVQR"32;

HGGV":"KPEJGU UJQTV QH VJG EQNNKUKQP RQKPV0

+PXGUVKICVQTU EQPFWEVGF CPQVJGT VGUV TWP VQ

CKF KP FGVGTOKPKPI C UCHG KPVGTKO QRGTCVKPI

RTCEVKEG HQT OQXGOGPV QXGT VJG 9KNNKCOUDWTI

$TKFIG0" 6JG VTCKP QRGTCVQT YCU KPUVTWEVGF VQ

UVCTV HTQO C UVQR CV /CTE[ UVCVKQP CPF VQ RNCEG

CPF NGCXG VJG RQYGT EQPVTQN JCPFNG KP UGEQPF

RQYGT0"6JG VTCKP YCU VTCXGNKPI"37"ORJ YJGP KV

RCUUGF VJG VTKR CTO." YJKEJ VTKIIGTGF CP

GOGTIGPE[ DTCMG CRRNKECVKQP0"6JG VTCKP UVQRRGF

3;8"HGGV":"KPEJGU DGHQTG VJG RQKPV QH KORCEV0
43

Trip Arm Setting Tests G #V VJG VKOG QH

VJG CEEKFGPV." VJG VTKR CTO YCU" 4"51:" KPEJGU

CDQXG VJG VQR QH VJG TCKN0" &WTKPI VJG

RQUVCEEKFGPV VGUVKPI." KPXGUVKICVQTU EQPFWEVGF

VYQ VGUVU VQ FGVGTOKPG VJG GHHKECE[ QH VJG VTKR

CTO."HKTUV CV C JGKIJV QH"4"KPEJGU CDQXG VJG TCKN

CPF VJGP CV C JGKIJV QH"3097"KPEJGU CDQXG VJG

TCKN0"6JG VGUV VTCKP UVCTVGF HTQO C UVQR CV /CTE[

UVCVKQP CPF RTQEGGFGF CV OCZKOWO CVVCKPCDNG

URGGF D[ VJG VTKR CTO0"+P GCEJ VGUV."VJG VTKR CTO

YCU VTKIIGTGF CPF OCFG EQPVCEV YKVJ VJG ECT

VTKR EQEM."KPKVKCVKPI CP GOGTIGPE[ DTCMG CRRNK/

ECVKQP0"+P VJG HKTUV TWP."VJG VTCKP YCU VTCXGNKPI

56"ORJ YJGP VJG VTKR EQEM YCU CEVWCVGF."YJKEJ

TGUWNVGF KP VJG VTCKP UVQRRKPI"74"HGGV":" KPEJGU

RCUV VJG RQKPV QH KORCEV0"+P VJG UGEQPF TWP."VJG

VTCKP URGGF YCU"55"ORJ YJGP VJG VTKR EQEM YCU

CEVWCVGF." YJKEJ TGUWNVGF KP VJG VTCKP UVQRRKPI

79"HGGV RCUV VJG RQKPV QH KORCEV0

Subsequent Braking Tests G &WTKPI VJG

DTCMKPI VGUVU QP ,WPG" 32." VJG VTCKP UVQRRGF

FWTKPI VJG HWNN/UGTXKEG DTCMKPI VGUV KP C UKIPK/

HKECPVN[ UJQTVGT FKUVCPEG."384"HGGV." VJCP KV FKF

FWTKPI VJG GOGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI VGUVU" *586" CPF

57:" HGGV." TGURGEVKXGN[+0" 6JG 0;%6 QHHKEKCNU

EQPVGPFGF VJCV VJG ,WPG"32"DTCMKPI VGUV TGUWNVU

YGTG CP CPQOCN[ CPF PQV TGRTGUGPVCVKXG QH VTWG

DTCMKPI RGTHQTOCPEG0" 6JG $QCTF VJGTGHQTG

EQPFWEVGF CFFKVKQPCN DTCMKPI VGUVU QP /CTEJ"7/

8." 3;;8." QP CP CTGC QH VJG 0;%6 ( NKPG

DGVYGGP"3:VJ #XGPWG CPF"44PF #XGPWG YJGTG

VJG VTCEM KU VCPIGPV YKVJ OKPKOCN ITCFG0

+PXGUVKICVQTU JCF VJTGG 4/62"OCTTKGF RCKTU3:

YKVJ VJG OKPKOCN TGSWKTGF QRGTCVKPI GSWKROGPV

VCMGP QWV QH TGXGPWG UGTXKEG HQT VJG /CTEJ

VGUVU0" 6JG QRGTCVKPI ECDU YGTG GSWKRRGF YKVJ

KPUVTWOGPVU VQ TGEQTF VJG HQNNQYKPI GKIJV

HWPEVKQPU<" URGGF." VKOG." CPF FKUVCPEG=

FGEGNGTCVKQP1" CEEGNGTCVKQP TCVG=" OQVQT EWTTGPV=

DTCMG RKRG." '/8 CEVKXCVKQP=" CPF YJGGN

VGORGTCVWTG QPG YJGGN1ECT UGV0

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

3: +PXGUVKICVQTU GNGEVGF VQ VGUV VYQ/ECT UGVU DGECWUG KPFK/

XKFWCN ECTU DTCMG KPFGRGPFGPVN[ HTQO QPG CPQVJGT0"6JCV KU.

C VTCKP QH VYQ ECTU UJQWNF DTCMG KP VJG UCOG FKUVCPEG CU C

VTCKP QH HQWT."UKZ."QT GKIJV ECTU0

+PXGUVKICVQTU RNCPPGF VQ TWP VJG VGUV VTCKPU

QPG CV C VKOG CV"42"ORJ."52"ORJ."CPF"62"ORJ.

HKTUV KP QPG FKTGEVKQP CPF VJGP DCEM KP VJG QVJGT

FKTGEVKQP." CRRN[KPI VJG DTCMGU KP QPG OQFG

YJGP VJG VCTIGV URGGF YCU TGCEJGF CPF VJGP

PQVKPI VJG TGEQTFGF UVQRRKPI FKUVCPEG0" *QY/

GXGT."QP /CTEJ"7."3;;8."VJG 5CHGV[ $QCTF YCU

CDNG VQ VGUV QPN[ VJG HKTUV ECT UGV DGECWUG QH

RTQDNGOU YKVJ YGCM CPF FGCF DCVVGTKGU KP VJG

ECTU0"1P VJG HQNNQYKPI FC[."KV TCKPGF."TGUWNVKPI

KP TCKN EQPFKVKQPU VJCV YGTG PQV EQORCTCDNG VQ

VJG EQPFKVKQPU FWTKPI VJG GCTNKGT VGUVU0"$GECWUG

TCKP YCU HQTGECUV HQT VJG TGUV QH VJG YGGM CPF

DGECWUG OWEJ QH VJG 0;%6 TCKN U[UVGO KU

GZRQUGF VQ VJG YGCVJGT." VJG RCTVKGU CITGGF VQ

EQPFWEV VJG VGUVU VQ FGVGTOKPG YJCV MKPF QH

DTCMKPI RGTHQTOCPEG YCU RQUUKDNG WPFGT UWEJ

EQPFKVKQPU0" 6JG RCTVKGU CNUQ CITGGF VQ EQWRNG

VJG UGEQPF CPF VJKTF VTCKP UGVU VQIGVJGT DGECWUG

OQUV 0;%6 VTCKP EQPUKUVU JCXG GKIJV ECTU0"#U C

TGUWNV."VJG VGUV VTCKP EQWNF DG QRGTCVGF QPN[ KP

VJG UQWVJ FKTGEVKQP DGECWUG QPN[ VJG UGEQPF ECT

UGV YCU GSWKRRGF YKVJ TGEQTFKPI KPUVTWOGPVU0

6CDNG"7"UJQYU VJG TGUWNVU QH VJGUG VGUVU0

6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF GZCOKPGF VJG OCKPVG/

PCPEG TGEQTFU HQT DQVJ VTCKPU0" 4GEQTFU UJQY

VJCV VJG 0;%6 JCF TGOQXGF CPF TGPGYGF VJG

CKT DTCMG XCNXGU GXGT["8"[GCTU CPF JCF VGUVGF.

KPURGEVGF."CPF UGTXKEGF VJG ECTU QP DQVJ VTCKPU

GXGT[" 88" FC[U QT" 32.222" OKNGU KP CEEQTFCPEG

YKVJ VJG OCPWHCEVWTGTIU URGEKHKECVKQPU0" %CT

6683" JCF NCUV TGEGKXGF CKT DTCMG OCKPVGPCPEG

UGTXKEG KP"3;;60

Oversight of Rail Rapid Transit

Safety

6JG $QCTFIU EQPEGTP CDQWV VJG QXGTUKIJV QH

TCKN TCRKF VTCPUKV UCHGV[ FCVGU DCEM OQTG VJCP"42

[GCTU0" +P" 3;93." CU C TGUWNV QH VJG 5CHGV[

$QCTFIU URGEKCN UVWF[" *065$1455/9313+" GZ/

RNQTKPI VJG TQNG QH VJG 7TDCP /CUU

6TCPURQTVCVKQP #FOKPKUVTCVKQP" *7/6#+" *PQY

VJG (GFGTCN 6TCPUKV #FOKPKUVTCVKQP+" KP

FGXGNQRKPI UCHG VTCPUKV U[UVGOU." VJG $QCTF

WTIGF VJG 7/6# VQ TGSWKTG VJCV CNN TCKN TCRKF

VTCPUKV CRRNKECVKQPU HQT ECRKVCN KORTQXGOGPV.

FGOQPUVTCVKQP." CPF TGUGCTEJ CPF
44

FGXGNQROGPV ITCPVU KPENWFG C U[UVGO UCHGV[

RNCP HQT VJG RTQRQUGF RTQLGEV0

3;

$GECWUG QH UGXGTCN CEEKFGPVU KP VJG OKF CPF

NCVG" 3;92U KPXQNXKPI VJG %JKECIQ 6TCPUKV

#WVJQTKV[ CPF VJG )TGCVGT %NGXGNCPF 4GIKQPCN

6TCPUKV #WVJQTKV[." KP /CTEJ" 3;9:." VJG 5CHGV[

$QCTF OCFG VJG HQNNQYKPI TGEQOOGPFCVKQP VQ

VJG 5GETGVCT[ QH VJG 7050"&GRCTVOGPV QH 6TCPU/

RQTVCVKQP"*&16+<

4/93/37

&GXGNQR QXGTUKIJV ECRCDKNKV[ VQ KPUWTG

VJCV VJG UCHGV[ QH TCKN TCRKF VTCPUKV

U[UVGOU YKNN DG TGIWNCVGF CPF GPHQTEGF

D[ C TGURQPUKDNG 5VCVG QT (GFGTCN

CIGPE[0" 9KVJKP VJG &GRCTVOGPV QH

6TCPURQTVCVKQP." CEEQWPVCDKNKV[ HQT VJG

QXGTUKIJV UJQWNF DG CUUKIPGF VQ VJG

#FOKPKUVTCVKQP VJCV EQPVTQNU (GFGTCN

ITCPVU VQ CKF TCKN TCRKF VTCPUKV0

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

3; 5CHGV[ 4GEQOOGPFCVKQP 4/93/37" YCU GXGPVWCNN[

ENCUUKHKGF K%NQUGFG#EEGRVCDNG #EVKQPL KP" 3;98" YJGP

7/6# CYCTFGF C EQPVTCEV VQ VJG 6TCPUKV &GXGNQROGPV

%QTRQTCVKQP VQ RTQXKFG VGEJPKECN UWRRQTV VQ 7/6# KP KVU

TGUGCTEJ CPF FGXGNQROGPV RTQITCOU0

9KVJKP C OQPVJ QH VJG $QCTF KUUWKPI VJG

TGEQOOGPFCVKQP." VJG 5GETGVCT[ QH 6TCPURQT/

VCVKQP CRRTQXGF VJG FGNGICVKQP QH EQORNGVG

TGURQPUKDKNKV[ HQT TCKN TCRKF VTCPUKV UCHGV[ YKVJKP

VJG &GRCTVOGPV VQ VJG 7/6# CPF CFXKUGF VJG

5CHGV[ $QCTF VJCV C PGY TCKN TCRKF VTCPUKV UCHGV[

RTQITCO YCU DGKPI FGXGNQRGF0

+P" 3;:2." VJG 5CHGV[ $QCTF EQPXGPGF C" 4/

FC[ RWDNKE JGCTKPI QP TCKN TCRKF VTCPUKV UCHGV[0

6JG JGCTKPI YCU RTQORVGF KP RCTV D[ CP

KPETGCUKPI EQPEGTP CDQWV VJG CFGSWCE[ QH VJG

UCHGV[ QXGTUKIJV QH TCKN TCRKF VTCPUKV U[UVGOU.

RCTVKEWNCTN[ VJG QXGTUKIJV QH HKTG UCHGV[ CPF

GOGTIGPE[ GXCEWCVKQP QH RCUUGPIGTU HTQO

WPFGTITQWPF QT WPFGTYCVGT VWPPGN NQECVKQPU0"+P

EQPLWPEVKQP YKVJ VJCV UVWF[." VJG $QCTF KUUWGF

VJG HQNNQYKPI VYQ TGEQOOGPFCVKQPU VQ VJG

5GETGVCT[ QH VJG &GRCTVOGPV QH 6TCPURQTVCVKQP<

4/:3/23

2TQRQUG NGIKUNCVKQP VQ GZRNKEKVN[ CWVJ/

QTK\G VJG 5GETGVCT[ QH 6TCPURQTVCVKQP VQ

TGIWNCVG VJG UCHGV[ QH TCKN TCRKF VTCPUKV

U[UVGOU YJKEJ TGEGKXG (GFGTCN HKPCPEKCN

CUUKUVCPEG0" 5WEJ NGIKUNCVKQP UJQWNF

6CDNG"7"G 4GUWNVU QH VJG /CTEJ $TCMKPI 6GUVU

Targeted Speed/Braking Modes

(Full Service = Full Svc; Emergency = Emer)

Test* Measurements

Recorded 20 mph 30 mph 40 mph

0Q0"3 Full Svc Emer Full Svc Emer Full Svc Emer

4"ECTU #EVWCN 5RGGF"*ORJ+ 3;03 3;07 4;0; 4;02 5:05 5907

0QTVJ 9JGGN 6GORGTCVWTG ;22 ( ;92 ( :92 ( ;62 ( ;22 ( ;72 (

&T[ 4CKN 5VQRRKPI &KUVCPEG"*HV+ 34207 32602 45:08 44707 56905 57:03

0Q0"4

4"ECTU #EVWCN 5RGGF"*ORJ+ 4302 3;05 5209 5203 6205 5;07

5QWVJ 9JGGN 6GORGTCVWTG 892 ( 962 ( 892 ( 8:2 ( 982 ( :52 (

&T[ 4CKN 5VQRRKPI &KUVCPEG"*HV+ 36508 33208 48407 46803 5;;08 62402

0Q0"5

:"ECTU #EVWCN 5RGGF"*ORJ+ 420: 4202 5305 4;09 5;08 5;04

5QWVJ 9JGGN 6GORGTCVWTG 792 ( 6:2 ( 6:2 ( 7;2 ( 6:2 ( 832 (

9GV 4CKN 5VQRRKPI &KUVCPEG"*HV+ 35708 39203 4:506 53:03 5;:06 6;206

,6GUV %QPFKVKQPU<"%QNWOP QPG UJQYU VJG PWODGT QH ECTU."FKTGEVKQP QH VTCXGN."CPF EQPFKVKQP QH VJG TCKN HQT GCEJ VGUV0
45

KPENWFG VJG CWVJQTKV[ VQ GUVCDNKUJ (GF/

GTCN OKPKOWO UCHGV[ UVCPFCTFU." VQ

GPHQTEG EQORNKCPEG."VQ EQPFWEV KPURGE/

VKQPU."VQ EQPFWEV KPXGUVKICVKQPU QH CEEK/

FGPVU CPF KPEKFGPVU." CPF UWEJ QVJGT

IGPGTCN RQYGTU CPF FWVKGU CU CTG

PGEGUUCT[ VQ RTQXKFG HQT GHHGEVKXG

UCHGV[ QXGTUKIJV0

4/:3/24

2GPFKPI VJG GPCEVOGPV QH NGIKUNCVKQP

EQPHGTTKPI FKTGEV TGIWNCVQT[ CWVJQTKV[.

TGSWKTG VJG 7TDCP /CUU 6TCPURQTVCVKQP

#FOKPKUVTCVKQP VQ GUVCDNKUJ (GFGTCN

IWKFGNKPGU HQT GSWKROGPV CPF QRGTC/

VKQPU." VQ CIITGUUKXGN[ WVKNK\G GZKUVKPI

ITCPV RTQITCOU CPF KPXGUVKICVKXG

CWVJQTKV[ VQ RTQOQVG EQPHQTOCPEG YKVJ

(GFGTCN IWKFGNKPGU." CPF VQ EQPFWEV C

RTQITCO QH UWDUVCPVKCNN[ KPETGCUGF

UCHGV[ QXGTUKIJV QH (GFGTCN CUUKUVGF TCKN

TCRKF VTCPUKV U[UVGOU0

+P TGURQPUG VQ VJGUG UCHGV[ TGEQOOGPFC/

VKQPU." VJG 5GETGVCT[ UVCVGF KP #RTKN" 3;:3" VJCV

(GFGTCN TGIWNCVQT[ CWVJQTKV[ YCU PQV PGGFGF

CPF VJCV KTCKN VTCPUKV UCHGV[ KU C NQECN TGURQP/

UKDKNKV[ VJCV KU DGUV JCPFNGF D[ VJG 5VCVG CPF

NQECN FGEKUKQPOCMGTU YJQ CTG CEEQWPVCDNG HQT

VJG UCHG." GHHGEVKXG." CPF GHHKEKGPV QRGTCVKQP QH

VJG TCKN VTCPUKV U[UVGOU0L #V VJG VKOG." VJG

7/6# EQPUKFGTGF KVUGNH VQ DG C HKPCPEKCN

CUUKUVCPEG CIGPE[ TCVJGT VJCP C TGIWNCVQT[

CIGPE[."CU CTG VJG QVJGT OQFCN CFOKPKUVTCVKQPU

YKVJKP VJG &16."CPF UVGCFHCUVN[ OCKPVCKPGF VJCV

TGIWNCVKQP QH VJG TCKN TCRKF VTCPUKV KPFWUVT[ YCU

PQV YCTTCPVGF0

+P KVU"3;:3"TGRQTV QH GKIJV 0;%6 UWDYC[

VTCKP HKTGU VJCV QEEWTTGF FWTKPI C" 35/OQPVJ

RGTKQF DGIKPPKPI KP ,WPG" 3;:2." VJG 5CHGV[

$QCTF EQPENWFGF VJCV KKH VJG PGGF HQT UCHGV[

QXGTUKIJV QH VJG 0;%6# KU VQ DG OGV."KV OWUV

DG OGV CV VJG 5VCVG QT NQECN NGXGN0L %QPUG/

SWGPVN[."VJG $QCTF KUUWGF VJG HQNNQYKPI 5CHGV[

4GEQOOGPFCVKQP VQ VJG )QXGTPQT QH VJG 5VCVG

QH 0GY ;QTM<

4/:3/338

+PKVKCVG NGIKUNCVKXG CPF1QT GZGEWVKXG

CEVKQP VQ CWVJQTK\G C PGY QT GZKUVKPI

KPFGRGPFGPV CIGPE[ VQ QXGTUGG CPF

TGIWNCVG VJG UCHGV[ QH VJG 0GY ;QTM

%KV[ 6TCPUKV #WVJQTKV[0

42

1P ,WN[" 34." 3;:4." VJG )QXGTPQT QH 0GY

;QTM TGURQPFGF VJCV NGIKUNCVKQP JCF DGGP

RTQRQUGF VQ ETGCVG C PGY KPFGRGPFGPV CIGPE[ VQ

QXGTUGG CPF TGIWNCVG VJG UCHGV[ QH VJG 0;%60

6JG )QXGTPQT CNUQ UVCVGF VJCV 0GY ;QTM YCU

HWNN[ EQOOKVVGF VQ RWDNKE VTCPURQTVCVKQP UCHGV[.

JQYGXGT="0GY ;QTM JCF QRRQUGF VJKU NGIKUNC/

VKQP KP VJG RCUV DGECWUG KV YQWNF FQ PQ OQTG

VJCP CFF [GV CPQVJGT CIGPE[ VQ CP CNTGCF[

ETQYFGF HKGNF0" 6JG )QXGTPQT UVCVGF VJCV VJG

5VCVG &16 YCU FGXGNQRKPI C RTQRQUCN VQ

CEEQORNKUJ VJG QDLGEVKXG QH VJG NGIKUNCVKQP

YKVJKP VJG FGRCTVOGPV."YJKEJ JG EQPUKFGTGF VQ

DG C OQTG NQIKECN EQWTUG QH CEVKQP0"1P ,CPWCT[

49." 3;:5." VJG 5CHGV[ $QCTF TGURQPFGF VJCV

KPFGRGPFGPV UCHGV[ QXGTUKIJV HTQO VJG 5VCVG

&16 YQWNF OGGV VJG KPVGPV QH VJG TGEQO/

OGPFCVKQP CPF ENCUUKHKGF 5CHGV[ 4GEQOOGPFC/

VKQP 4/:3/338" K1RGPG#EEGRVCDNG #NVGTPCVG

#EVKQPL RGPFKPI HWTVJGT CEVKQP0

.GUU VJCP" 3" Ñ [GCTU CHVGT KUUWKPI 5CHGV[

4GEQOOGPFCVKQPU 4/:3/23"CPF"/24."VJG 5CHGV[

$QCTF EQPENWFGF VJCV FGVCKNGF TGIWNCVKQP QH TCKN

TCRKF VTCPUKV UCHGV[ UJQWNF PQV NKG YKVJ VJG

(GFGTCN IQXGTPOGPV CPF ENQUGF VJGUG TGEQO/

OGPFCVKQPU CU TGEQPUKFGTGF0"6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF

JCF EQPENWFGF KP VJG GCTN[" 3;:2U VJCV TGIWNC/

VKQP CPF GPHQTEGOGPV QH VTCPUKV U[UVGO UCHGV[

EQWNF DG JCPFNGF D[ VJG 5VCVGU0"*QYGXGT." VJG

NCEM QH CEVKQP D[ UQOG 5VCVGU KP TGURQPUG VQ

$QCTF TGEQOOGPFCVKQPU CPF VJG QEEWTTGPEG QH

CFFKVKQPCN CEEKFGPVU KP VJG OKF CPF NCVG"3;:2U

RTQORVGF VJG $QCTF KP"3;;3"VQ EQPFWEV C UVWF[

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

42 6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF ENCUUKHKGF 5CHGV[ 4GEQOOGPFCVKQP 4/

:3/338" K%NQUGFG#EEGRVCDNG #NVGTPCVG #EVKQPL QP ,WN[

47."3;:80" 6JG $QCTF KUUWGF UKOKNCT TGEQOOGPFCVKQPU VQ

VJG )QXGTPQTU QH 1JKQ CPF 2GPPU[NXCPKC KP"3;:9"HQNNQYKPI

VJG $QCTFIU KPXGUVKICVKQPU QH CEEKFGPVU KPXQNXKPI VJG VTCPUKV

RTQRGTVKGU KP VJQUG 5VCVGU−VJG )TGCVGT %NGXGNCPF 4GIKQPCN

6TCPUKV #WVJQTKV[ CPF VJG 5QWVJGCUVGTP 2GPPU[NXCPKC

6TCPURQTVCVKQP #WVJQTKV[."TGURGEVKXGN[0
46

VQ GZCOKPG VJG EWTTGPV QXGTUKIJV QH TCKN TCRKF

VTCPUKV U[UVGOU CPF VQ FGVGTOKPG YJGVJGT

QXGTUKIJV TGURQPUKDKNKV[ YCU DGKPI OGV CV VJG

5VCVG QT (GFGTCN NGXGN0" 6JG $QCTF GZRTGUUGF

EQPEGTP KP VJCV UVWF[ VJCV QXGTUKIJV TGURQP/

UKDKNKV[ YCU PQV DGKPI OGV D[ CNN VJG 5VCVGU CPF

VJCV VJG (6# NCEMGF C OGVJQFQNQI[ VQ GPUWTG

KPFGRGPFGPV QXGTUKIJV HQT (6#/HWPFGF CPF

(6#/CUUKUVGF U[UVGOU0"#U C TGUWNV QH VJCV UVWF[.

VJG 5CHGV[ $QCTF KUUWGF VJG HQNNQYKPI 5CHGV[

4GEQOOGPFCVKQP VQ VJG )QXGTPQTU QH 5VCVGU KP

YJKEJ C TCKN TCRKF VTCPUKV U[UVGO QRGTCVGF<

4/;3/59

&GXGNQR QT TGXKUG." CU PGGFGF." GZKUVKPI

RTQITCOU VQ RTQXKFG HQT EQPVKPWCN CPF

GHHGEVKXG QXGTUKIJV QH TCKN VTCPUKV UCHGV[0

6JG $QCTF EQPEWTTGPVN[ KUUWGF VJG HQN/

NQYKPI 5CHGV[ 4GEQOOGPFCVKQP VQ VJG (6#<

4/;3/55

&QEWOGPV CPF GXCNWCVG VJG GHHGEVKXG/

PGUU QH GZKUVKPI 5VCVG QXGTUKIJV CEVKXK/

VKGU CPF VQ FGXGNQR IWKFGNKPGU HQT WUG

D[ 5VCVG CPF NQECN IQXGTPOGPVU VJCV

CFFTGUU VJG ETKVKECN GNGOGPVU QH CP

GHHGEVKXG QXGTUKIJV RTQITCO0

5WDUGSWGPV VQ VJG 5CHGV[ $QCTF KUUWKPI

VJGUG TGEQOOGPFCVKQPU KP"3;;3."VJG +PVGTOQFCN

5WTHCEG 6TCPURQTVCVKQP 'HHKEKGPE[ #EV QH"3;;3

*20".0/462+."GPCEVGF KPVQ NCY QP &GEGODGT"3:.

3;;3."CFFGF 5GEVKQP"4:;"VQ VJG (GFGTCN 6TCPUKV

#EV0" 6JKU UGEVKQP FKTGEVGF VJG (6# VQ KUUWG C

TWNG TGSWKTKPI VJQUG 5VCVGU KP YJKEJ C TCKN HKZGF

IWKFGYC[ U[UVGO QRGTCVGU VJCV KU PQV TGIWNCVGF

D[ VJG (4# VQ FGUKIPCVG C 5VCVG QXGTUKIJV CIGPE[

VQ DG TGURQPUKDNG HQT QXGTUGGKPI VJG UCHGV[ QH VJG

IWKFGYC[ U[UVGO0

43

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

43 1PEG VJKU TWNGOCMKPI YCU WPFGTYC[."VJG 5CHGV[ $QCTF

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GHHQTVU CTG WPFGTYC[ VQ CFFTGUU VJG (6#

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KPVGPV QH VJG $QCTF)U TGEQOOGPFCVKQP0

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History G 6JG 0GY ;QTM 5VCVG 2WDNKE

6TCPURQTVCVKQP 5CHGV[ $QCTF" *265$+" ECOG KPVQ

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LWTKUFKEVKQP QH VJG 0GY ;QTM 5VCVG &160" 6JG

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CUUKUVGF RWDNKE VTCPURQTVCVKQP KP VJG 5VCVG QH 0GY

;QTM0" /QTG VJCP" 342" FKHHGTGPV RWDNKE VTCPU/

RQTVCVKQP U[UVGOU." YJKEJ KPENWFG OQTG VJCP

38.222" DWUGU." 8.222" UWDYC[ ECTU." CPF" 4.222

EQOOWVGT TCKN ECTU."QRGTCVG KP VJG 5VCVG QH 0GY

;QTM0"6JG VTCPUKV CIGPEKGU QH VJG /GVTQRQNKVCP

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44 #DQWV"347"DWU U[UVGOU CTG WPFGT VJG LWTKUFKEVKQP QH VJG

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KPXQNXKPI RWDNKE VTCPURQTVCVKQP U[UVGOU.

YJGVJGT RWDNKEN[ QT RTKXCVGN[ QYPGF=

GUVCDNKUJ CP CEEKFGPV KPXGUVKICVKQP

TGRQTVKPI CPF CPCN[UKU RTQEGFWTG VQ

KORTQXG RWDNKE VTCPURQTVCVKQP UCHGV[=

TGXKGY." CRRTQXG CPF OQPKVQT C U[UVGO

UCHGV[ RNCP VQ DG UWDOKVVGF D[ GCEJ

VTCPURQTVCVKQP U[UVGO VJCV KU GNKIKDNG HQT

5VCVGYKFG 6TCPURQTVCVKQP 1RGTCVKPI

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6JG 265$ JCU" 37" RGTUQPPGN RQUKVKQPU." QH

YJKEJ" 6" RQUKVKQPU CTG FGXQVGF VQ TCKN UCHGV[0

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#U C TGUWNV QH KVU KPXGUVKICVKQPU KP TGEGPV [GCTU.

VJG 265$ JCU OCFG C PWODGT QH TGEQO/

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FGUKIP CPF DTCMKPI0" (QNNQYKPI CP #WIWUV" 4:.

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RCUUGPIGTU YGTG KPLWTGF."VJG 265$ HQWPF VJCV

VJG 0;%6 KUKIPCN U[UVGO KU PQV FGUKIPGF VQ DG

CP CDUQNWVG VTCKP EQPVTQN U[UVGO CPF KU NKOKVGF

YKVJ TGURGEV VQ VTCKP URGGF EQPVTQN0L 6JG 265$

TGRQTV PQVGF VJCV VJG JQOG UKIPCN YCU ITCFG

VKOGF CPF GSWKRRGF YKVJ C VTKRRKPI FGXKEG DWV

YCU WPCDNG VQ UWEEGUUHWNN[ TGFWEG VJG VTCKPIU

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TGEQOOGPFGF VJCV VJG 0;%6 KKPUVCNN CV NGCUV

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VJCV UWEJ CP KPUVCNNCVKQP YQWNF KUWEEGUUHWNN[

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KPVGTNQEMKPIU WPVKN UWEJ VKOG VJCV C UVCVG QH VJG

CTV VTCKP EQPVTQN U[UVGO ECP DG KPUVCNNGF0L

6JG 0;%6 GPCEVGF C PWODGT QH CNVGT/

PCVKXGU VQ RTQXKFG QXGTURGGF RTQVGEVKQP FWTKPI

FKXGTIKPI OQXGU."KPENWFG GPHQTEKPI C KECNN/QPL

CURGEV CV VJG CRRTQCEJ JQOG UKIPCN."YJKEJ YCU

C OQTG TGUVTKEVKXG OGCUWTG VJCP TGSWGUVGF D[

VJG 265$0

#HVGT TGEGKXKPI C TGRQTV QH VJG 0;%6IU

KPVGTKO EJCPIGU."VJG 265$ OCFG VJG HQNNQYKPI

TGEQOOGPFCVKQPU VQ VJG 0;%6<

• 'ZRNQTG VJG HGCUKDKNKV[ QH GPJCPEKPI

DTCMKPI ECRCDKNKV[ D[ EQODKPKPI F[/

PCOKE CPF RPGWOCVKE DTCMKPI KP VJG

GOGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI OQFG0

• #FLWUV CNN ECT GSWKROGPV DTCMKPI

TCVKQU VQ EQPHQTO YKVJ VJG UWDYC[ ECT

DTCMG VGUV EWTXGU CPF UKIPCN U[UVGO

FGUKIP UVCPFCTFU0

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#EEQTFKPI VQ 265$ QHHKEKCNU."KP C HQNNQY/WR

OGGVKPI YKVJ 0;%6 QHHKEKCNU."KVJG 265$ UVCHH

JCU TGOCKPGF HKTO YKVJ KVU GZRTGUUGF RQUKVKQP

VJCV VQ GPUWTG C U[UVGOCVKE CRRTQCEJ VQ TCKN

RCUUGPIGT UCHGV[." VJG UKIPCN U[UVGO OWUV DG

FGUKIPGF VQ TGOQXG JWOCP GTTQT VQ VJG ITGCVGUV

GZVGPV RQUUKDNG0L

1P 5GRVGODGT" 46." 3;;4." VJG 0;%6

TGURQPFGF VQ VJG 265$ TGICTFKPI KVU TGEQO/

OGPFGF OQFKHKECVKQPU VQ VJG ECT DTCMGU<

%CT GSWKROGPV GPIKPGGTKPI JCU

GZRNQTGF VJG HGCUKDKNKV[ QH EQODKPKPI

F[PCOKE CPF RPGWOCVKE DTCMG FWTKPI

GOGTIGPE[ DTCMG CRRNKECVKQPU0" 0GY

;QTM #KT $TCMG CPF 9#$%1 JCXG

UWDOKVVGF VJGKT EQOOGPVU CPF UWI/
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IGUVKQPU" *CVVCEJOGPVU+0" 9G CFXKUG

CICKPUV VJKU TGEQOOGPFCVKQP DGECWUG KV

YQWNF EQORTQOKUG VJG KHCKN UCHGL

CURGEV QH VJG GOGTIGPE[ DTCMG U[UVGO

CPF YQWNF DG XGT[ GZRGPUKXG VQ

KORNGOGPV0" /CLQT OQFKHKECVKQP QH VJG

GZKUVKPI DTCMG CPF RTQRWNUKQP U[UVGOU

YQWNF DG TGSWKTGF." KPENWFKPI C

OKETQRTQEGUUQT EQPVTQNNGF UNKR1UNKFG

U[UVGO0" 6JG 0;%6 HTKEVKQP DTCMG

U[UVGO KU ECRCDNG QH RTQXKFKPI VJG

OCZKOWO TGVCTFCVKQP TCVG HQT VJG

GZKUVKPI YJGGN VQ TCKN CFJGUKQP NGXGNU0

6JG 265$ YTQVG VJG 0;%6 QP 0QXGODGT

52."3;;4."TGICTFKPI KPEQTRQTCVKPI C EQODKPGF

F[PCOKE CPF RPGWOCVKE DTCMKPI U[UVGO KPVQ

PGY FGUKIP CPF RTQEWTGOGPV0" 1P ,CPWCT["49.

3;;5."VJG 0;%6 UCKF VJCV KV JCF KPQ RNCPU VQ

RWTUWG VJKU TGEQOOGPFCVKQPQL CPF RTQXKFGF

VJG 265$ YKVJ CP WRFCVG QH OQFKHKECVKQPU VJCV

VJG VTCPUKV EQORCP[ YCU OCMKPI VQ VJG DTCMKPI

EQORQPGPVU QH XCTKQWU ECT V[RGU0

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HQWPF VJCV VJG RTQDCDNG ECWUG QH VJG CEEKFGPV

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CUMGF."COQPI QVJGT TGEQOOGPFCVKQPU."VJCV VJG

VTCPUKV EQORCP[ K+FGPVKH[ VJG OKPKOWO DTCMKPI

FKUVCPEG VJCV VJG UKIPCN U[UVGO RTQXKFGU U[UVGO/

YKFG CPF VCMG EQTTGEVKXG CEVKQP VQ GPUWTG VJCV

322" RGTEGPV QH VJG DTCMKPI FKUVCPEG TGSWKTG/

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FGUKIP UVCPFCTFU TGOCKPGF QRGP DGECWUG QH VJG

TGEGPV DTCMKPI RTQDNGOU KFGPVKHKGF KP VJG

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FGCFNKPG HQT VJG 0;%6 VQ EQORN[ YKVJ VJG

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KPXQNXGF." UJQTVCIG QH RGTUQPPGN CXCKN/

CDNG VQ EQPFWEV VJGUG VGUVU." NKOKVGF

VTCEM VGUV CTGC CPF VGUV GSWKROGPV

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3;;8" KPUVGCF QH" 3;;:0" #VVCEJGF KU C

EQR[ QH %CT 'SWKROGPVIU KPKVKCN NQQM

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VJCV YG OGPVKQPGF KP QWT /C[" 36.

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6JG 265$ PGZV YTQVG VJG 0;%6 TGSWGUVKPI

VJCV VJG VTCPUKV EQORCP[ RTQXKFG KV KYKVJ EQRKGU

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ENCUU CU VJG[ CTG EQORNGVGFL CPF UVCVKPI VJCV

VJG 265$ UVCHH YQWNF KEQPVKPWG VQ OQPKVQT VJKU

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*#26#+" KU C RTKXCVG." PQP/RTQHKV VTCFG CUUQEK/

CVKQP VJCV TGRTGUGPVU VJG #OGTKECP RWDNKE VTCPUKV

KPFWUVT[ KP VJG 7PKVGF 5VCVGU CPF %CPCFC0"6JG

#26#IU OGODGTU KPENWFG OQVQT DWU CPF TCRKF

VTCPUKV U[UVGOU=" QTICPK\CVKQPU TGURQPUKDNG HQT

RNCPPKPI." FGUKIPKPI." EQPUVTWEVKPI." HKPCPEKPI.

CPF QRGTCVKPI VTCPUKV U[UVGOU=" DWUKPGUUGU VJCV

UWRRN[ RTQFWEVU CPF UGTXKEGU VQ VJG WTDCP

VTCPUKV KPFWUVT[="CECFGOKE KPUVKVWVKQPU="CPF RWD/

NKE KPVGTGUV ITQWRU0

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ETGCVGF VJG 4CKN 5CHGV[ 4GXKGY $QCTF"*454$+

VQ KRTQXKFG VJG TCKN VTCPUKV KPFWUVT[ YKVJ VJG

UWRRQTV PGEGUUCT[ VQ OCKPVCKP CFGSWCVG UGNH/

TGIWNCVKQP RTQITCOU CPF C JKIJ NGXGN RQNKE[

FGXGNQROGPV HQTWO HQT CNN OCVVGTU EQPEGTPKPI

U[UVGO UCHGV[0L 6Q CEJKGXG VJKU RWTRQUG." VJG

454$ FKTGEVU."COQPI QVJGT CEVKXKVKGU."*3+"C TCKN

UCHGV[ CWFKV RTQITCO." *4+" C TCKN CEEKFGPV

KPXGUVKICVKQP UGTXKEG." CPF" *5+" C TCKN UCHGV[

TGXKGY UGTXKEG0
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#NVJQWIJ CP[ VTCPUKV U[UVGO VJCV KU

EWTTGPVN[ QRGTCVKPI." DWKNFKPI." RNCPPKPI QT

EQPVGORNCVKPI C TCKN VTCPUKV U[UVGO KU GNKIKDNG

HQT OGODGTUJKR KP VJG 454$."QPN[ VJQUG VTCPUKV

U[UVGOU VJCV CTG EWTTGPVN[ QRGTCVKPI C TCKN

VTCPUKV U[UVGO OC[ CUM VQ RCTVKEKRCVG KP VJG TCKN

UCHGV[ CWFKV RTQITCO0"6Q RCTVKEKRCVG KP VJG TCKN

UCHGV[ CWFKV RTQITCO." VJG VTCPUKV CIGPE[ OWUV

FGXGNQR CPF KORNGOGPV C U[UVGO UCHGV[

RTQITCO RNCP CEEQTFKPI VQ #26#IU RTQXKUKQPU.

CFQRV VJG RTKPEKRNG QH U[UVGO UCHGV[." CITGG VQ

DG CWFKVGF HQT EQPHQTOCPEG YKVJ VJG U[UVGO

UCHGV[ RTQITCO RNCP." CPF RC[ VJG TGSWKTGF

RCTVKEKRCVKQP HGG0" (QNNQYKPI UWDOKUUKQP CPF

CRRTQXCN QH KVU U[UVGO UCHGV[ RTQITCO RNCP." C

VTCPUKV CIGPE[ KU UEJGFWNGF HQT CWFKV QPEG GXGT[

5" [GCTU0" #26# EQORNGVGF CP CWFKV QH VJG

0;%6 KP"3;;2"CPF JCF UEJGFWNGF CPQVJGT CWFKV

HQT &GEGODGT" 3;;60" #EEQTFKPI VQ CP #26#

TGRTGUGPVCVKXG." VJG 0;%6 CWFKV JCF VQ DG

TGUEJGFWNGF WPVKN" 3;;8" DGECWUG QH XCTKQWU

EQPHNKEVU0" 6JG CWFKV YCU UEJGFWNGF VQ DG

EQORNGVGF QP #WIWUV" 4:." 3;;8." CPF VJG

TGUWNVKPI TGRQTV YCU VQ DG RWDNKUJGF UQOGVKOG

VJGTGCHVGT0

6JG #26#IU 4CKN 5CHGV[ 4GXKGY $QCTF

CNUQ RTQXKFGU C TCKN UCHGV[ TGXKGY UGTXKEG CPF

CP CEEKFGPV KPXGUVKICVKQP UGTXKEG0" #

RCTVKEKRCVKPI VTCPUKV U[UVGO OC[" " TGSWGUV C

TGXKGY QH KVU UCHGV[ RTQITCO QT CP[ URGEKHKE

GNGOGPV QH KVU UCHGV[ RTQITCO0" .KMGYKUG." CP[

RCTVKEKRCVKPI VTCPUKV U[UVGO VJCV GZRGTKGPEGU CP

CEEKFGPV OC[ TGSWGUV VJCV VJG CEEKFGPV DG

KPXGUVKICVGF0" +P DQVJ KPUVCPEGU." #26#

EQPXGPGU C RCPGN QH TCKN VTCPUKV GZRGTVU HTQO VJG

VTCPUKV EQOOWPKV[0" (QNNQYKPI VJG TGXKGY QT

KPXGUVKICVKQP." VJG RCPGN YKNN KUUWG HKPFKPIU QT

TGEQOOGPFCVKQPU VQ VJG VTCPUKV CWVJQTKV[.

QWVNKPKPI UCHGV[ KORTQXGOGPVU VJCV ECP DG OCFG

VQ RTGXGPV HWVWTG QEEWTTGPEGU0
4:

General

6JKU CPCN[UKU KU FKXKFGF KPVQ VJTGG OCKP

UGEVKQPU0" +P VJG HKTUV RCTV." VJG 5CHGV[ $QCTF

KFGPVKHKGU HCEVQTU VJCV ECP DG TGCFKN[ GNKOKPCVGF

CU ECWUCN QT EQPVTKDWVQT[ VQ VJG CEEKFGPV CU C

TGUWNV QH KVU KPXGUVKICVKQP0" 6JG UGEQPF UGEVKQP

TGEQWPVU VJG CEEKFGPV UGSWGPEG." EKVKPI CEVKQPU

CPF GXGPVU TGUWNVKPI KP RTQDNGO EQPFKVKQPU0"+P

VJG HKPCN UGEVKQP." VJG $QCTF FKUEWUUGU VJG

HKPFKPIU VJCV UWRRQTV GCEJ UCHGV[ KUUWG

KFGPVKHKGF KP VJKU KPXGUVKICVKQP0

(TQO RGTUQPPGN UVCVGOGPVU." KPURGEVKQP TG/

RQTVU."CPF RQUVCEEKFGPV GZCOKPCVKQPU."VJG $QCTF

EQPENWFGU VJCV VJG VTCEM." VJG VTCKP GSWKROGPV.

CPF VJG UKIPCN U[UVGO HWPEVKQPGF CU FGUKIPGF0

9GCVJGT CPF XKUKDKNKV[ YGTG PQV HCEVQTU0

9KVPGUUGU UVCVGF VJCV KV YCU ENGCT CPF UWPP[0"6JG

/ VTCKP QRGTCVQT VGUVKHKGF VJCV JG EQWNF ENGCTN[

UGG VJG UKIPCNU CPF VJG VTCKP CJGCF QH JKO HTQO C

FKUVCPEG QH"52"ECT NGPIVJU0"&WTKPI UKIJV FKUVCPEG

VGUVU EQPFWEVGF CV VJG UCOG VKOG QH FC[ CPF KP

UKOKNCT YGCVJGT EQPFKVKQPU."5CHGV[ $QCTF KPXGUVK/

ICVQTU FGVGTOKPGF VJCV VJG KNNWOKPCVKQP QH VJG

UKIPCN DWNDU YCU CFGSWCVG CPF VJCV VJG OQTPKPI

UWP FKF PQV TGHNGEV QP VJG UKIPCN INCUU0

/QTGQXGT." PQ UKIPCIG QT OCVGTKCN WUGF KP VJG

DTKFIG EQPUVTWEVKQP RTQLGEV YCU PGCT QT DNQEMGF

CP[ QH VJG UKIPCNU0" 6JGTGHQTG." XKUKDKNKV[ CV VJG

VKOG QH VJG CEEKFGPV YCU CFGSWCVG HQT VJG , VTCKP

QRGTCVQT VQ JCXG QDUGTXGF VJG VTCKP CJGCF QH JKO

CPF VQ JCXG UGGP CPF TGURQPFGF VQ VJG UKIPCN

KPFKECVKQPU0

4GUWNVU QH RQUVCEEKFGPV VQZKEQNQIKECN VGUVU

KPFKECVG VJCV VJG , VTCKP QRGTCVQT YCU PQV KORCKT/

GF D[ CNEQJQN QT FTWIU0" *G TGRQTVGFN[ YCU KP

IQQF JGCNVJ CPF YCU CP GZRGTKGPEGF CPF

SWCNKHKGF 0;%6 VTCKP QRGTCVQT0

The Accident

1P ,WPG"6."3;;7."VJG , VTCKP ETGY YGPV QP

FWV[ CV" 455:" HQNNQYKPI VJGKT WUWCN" 86/JQWT

4&1 RGTKQF0" &WTKPI JKU VKOG QHH." VJG , VTCKP

QRGTCVQT JCF UNGRV FWTKPI VJG VKOG RGTKQF VJCV

JG PQTOCNN[ YQTMGF0" 6JG , VTCKP ETGY EQO/

RNGVGF VJG HKTUV VYQ QH VJGKT TGIWNCT TQWPF/VTKR

TWPU DGVYGGP ,COCKEC %GPVGT CPF %JCODGTU

5VTGGV UVCVKQP YKVJQWV KPEKFGPV0" 6JG EQPFWEVQT

UVCVGF VJCV VJG VTCKP FGRCTVGF QP VKOG HTQO

,COCKEC %GPVGT QP VJGKT VJKTF CPF HKPCN TQWPF

VTKR CV"27530" *G UVCVGF VJCV VJG VTCKP QRGTCVQT

UGGOGF VQ DG QRGTCVKPI VJG VTCKP KP VJG WUWCN

OCPPGT." CV VJG RTQRGT URGGFU." CPF VJCV CNN VJG

UVCVKQP UVQRU YGTG TQWVKPG0

6JG / VTCKP FGRCTVGF QP VKOG CV"276:"HTQO

/GVTQRQNKVCP UVCVKQP0"#U KV CRRTQCEJGF VJG 9KN/

NKCOUDWTI $TKFIG."VJG / VTCKP YCU HQNNQYKPI C

YQTM VTCKP."YJKEJ KV WUWCNN[ FKF PQV FQ QP KVU

OQTPKPI TWPU0"6JG / VTCKP QRGTCVQT JCF VQ UVQR

TGRGCVGFN[ VQ YCKV HQT VJG YQTM VTCKP="JQYGXGT.

JG HCKNGF VQ TCFKQ CPF KPHQTO VJG EQOOCPF

EGPVGT FKURCVEJGT QH JKU UVQRU CU TGSWKTGF D[ VJG

0;%6IU QRGTCVKPI TWNG DQQM0

#EEQTFKPI VQ CP QHH/FWV[ 0;%6 GORNQ[GG

YJQ JCRRGPGF VQ DG QP DQCTF YJGP VJG , VTCKP

FGRCTVGF /CTE[ UVCVKQP."KVU QRGTCVQT CEEGNGTCVGF

CU VTCKP QRGTCVQTU V[RKECNN[ FQ QP C KPENKPG0

$GHQTG VJKU CEEKFGPV."VJG CRRTQCEJ VQ VJG DTKFIG

JCF PQ URGGF TGUVTKEVKQP."CPF 0;%6 QRGTCVKPI

RTQEGFWTGU CNNQYGF VTCKP QRGTCVQTU VQ CVVCKP

YJCVGXGT URGGF VJG VTCKP YCU ECRCDNG QH

CEJKGXKPI0"*QYGXGT."VJG UKIPCN CV ,4/352"YQWNF

JCXG DGGP FKURNC[KPI C [GNNQY CURGEV."OGCPKPI

KRTQEGGF YKVJ ECWVKQP." DG RTGRCTGF VQ UVQR0L

6JG , VTCKP QRGTCVQT FKF PQV VCMG CP[ RTGECW/

VKQPCT[ OGCUWTGU."UWEJ CU UNQYKPI VJG VTCKP."CV

UKIPCN ,4/352." CPF HCKNGF VQ EQORN[ YKVJ VJG

KPFKECVKQP CV UKIPCN ,4/34:."YJKEJ YQWNF JCXG

DGGP FKURNC[KPI C TGF CURGEV0" 2QUVCEEKFGPV

HKPFKPIU45 CPF URGGF CPF DTCMKPI VGUVU KPFKECVG

VJCV VJG , VTCKP YCU VTCXGNKPI CDQWV" 56" VQ" 58

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

45 &WTKPI GZCOKPCVKQP QH VJG YTGEMCIG." KPXGUVKICVQTU

HQWPF VJG RQYGT ECO UJCHV KP VJG HWNN RQYGT RQUKVKQP0

ANALYSIS
4;

ORJ YJGP KV RCUUGF VJG ,4/34:" UKIPCN0" 6JG

VTCKP RCUUKPI VJG UVQR UKIPCN VTKIIGTGF VJG

CWVQOCVKE VTKR CTO."YJKEJ UVTWEM VJG VTCKP VTKR

EQEM." CEVKXCVKPI VJG GOGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI0

&GURKVG VJG RTQRGT CEVKXCVKQP QH VJG VTKR CTO

CPF VJG VTCKPIU GOGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI."VJG FKUVCPEG

DGVYGGP UKIPCNU ,4/34:" CPF ,4/347" YCU PQV

UWHHKEKGPV HQT VJG , VTCKP VQ UVQR UCHGN[ CPF KV

UVTWEM CPF RGPGVTCVGF VJG TGCT QH VJG / VTCKP0

6JG , VTCKP QRGTCVQT YCU MKNNGF KP VJG CEEKFGPV0

(TQO KVU KPXGUVKICVKQP." VJG 5CHGV[ $QCTF

KFGPVKHKGF VJG HQNNQYKPI UCHGV[ KUUWGU KP VJKU

CEEKFGPV<"VJG HCVKIWG QH VJG , VTCKP QRGTCVQT="VJG

CFGSWCE[ QH 0;%6 QXGTUKIJV QH EQOOWPK/

ECVKQPU TWNGU EQORNKCPEG=" CPF VJG CFGSWCE[ QH

URCEKPI DGVYGGP UKIPCNU HQT DTCMKPI0" +P CFFK/

VKQP." VJG 5CHGV[ $QCTF NQQMGF CV RQUKVKXG VTCKP

UGRCTCVKQP."ETCUJYQTVJKPGUU."CPF VJG QXGTUKIJV QH

VJG 0GY ;QTM 5VCVG 2WDNKE 6TCPURQTVCVKQP

5CHGV[ $QCTF"*265$+0

Fatigue of the J Train Operator

6JG , VTCKP QRGTCVQT JCF UGTXGF CU C OQVQT/

OCP KP VJG 0GY ;QTM UWDYC[ U[UVGO UKPEG

3;:3"*36" [GCTU+" CPF JCF QRGTCVKPI GZRGTKGPEG

QP VJG , NKPG HQT UGXGTCN [GCTU0"*KU OQUV TGEGPV

RGTHQTOCPEG GXCNWCVKQP FGUETKDGF JKU QXGTCNN

QRGTCVKQP CU KIQQF0L 6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF CVVGORV/

GF VQ FGVGTOKPG YJ[ C ECRCDNG VTCKP QRGTCVQT

RTQEGGFGF RCUV TGUVTKEVKXG UKIPCN KPFKECVKQPU CV

JKIJ URGGF YKVJQWV UNQYKPI CPF JQY VJG CEEKFGPV

EQWNF JCXG DGGP RTGXGPVGF0" (TQO YKVPGUUGUI

UVCVGOGPVU." VJG $QCTF FGVGTOKPGF VJCV PQ NQWF

PQKUGU QT RCUUGPIGT CEVKXKV[ QEEWTTGF QP DQCTF

VJG , VTCKP VJCV OC[ JCXG FKUVTCEVGF JKO0" 6JG

RGFGUVTKCP UKFGYCNM PGZV VQ VJG DTKFIG YCU DGKPI

TGRNCEGF=" JQYGXGT." PQ EQPUVTWEVKQP UKIPU QT

OCVGTKCN JKPFGTGF VJG QRGTCVKQP QH VJG UWDYC[

VTCKPU QT CHHGEVGF QRGTCVQTUI NKPGU QH UKIJV0"/QTG/

QXGT."VJG EQPUVTWEVKQP YQTM."YJKEJ OKIJV JCXG

DGGP C UQWTEG QH FKUVTCEVKQP."JCF PQV [GV DGIWP

CV VJG VKOG QH VJG CEEKFGPV0" 6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF

EQPUKFGTGF YJGVJGT VJG UWP OKIJV JCXG DGGP C

HCEVQT0" 6JG / VTCKP QRGTCVQT KPFKECVGF VJCV JG

JCF PQ RTQDNGOU UGGKPI VJG UKIPCNU QT VJG VTCKPU

CJGCF0" *G UVCVGF VJCV JG EQWNF UGG VJG VTCKP

CJGCF QH JKO HTQO C FKUVCPEG QH KCDQWV VJTGG QT

HQWT" *:/ECT+" VTCKP NGPIVJU0L 5KIJV FKUVCPEG VGUVU

EQPFWEVGF CHVGT VJG CEEKFGPV EQPHKTO VJCV C VTCKP

UVQRRGF CV UKIPCN ,4/342"YCU XKUKDNG HTQO CDQWV

3.854" HGGV0" 6JG OQUV RNCWUKDNG GZRNCPCVKQP HQT

VJG DGJCXKQT QH VJG , VTCKP QRGTCVQT KU VJCV JG YCU

HCNNKPI QT JCF HCNNGP CUNGGR0

6JG VTCKP QRGTCVQT)U QXGTV DGJCXKQT CPF

RGTHQTOCPEG DGHQTG JKU NCUV CRRTQCEJ VQ VJG

9KNNKCOUDWTI $TKFIG UJQYGF PQ KPFKECVKQP QH

KORCKTOGPV0" 5VCVKQP FKURCVEJGTU YJQ JCF QD/

UGTXGF JKO DGHQTG VJG CEEKFGPV VTKR EQPENWFGF

VJCV JG YCU HKV HQT FWV[="VJG , VTCKP EQPFWEVQT

QDUGTXGF PQ KPUVCPEG QH KORTQRGT VTCKP

JCPFNKPI FWTKPI VJG VTKR="CPF VJG QHH/FWV[ VTCKP

QRGTCVQT YJQ JCF QDUGTXGF VJG , VTCKP QRGTCVQT

CDQWV" 34" OKPWVGU DGHQTG VJG CEEKFGPV VJQWIJV

VJCV JG CRRGCTGF CNGTV CPF CVVGPVKXG0" #HVGT

FGRCTVKPI /CTE[ UVCVKQP." JG UWEEGUUHWNN[

PGIQVKCVGF VJG EWTXG DGHQTG VJG 9KNNKCOUDWTI

$TKFIG CRRTQCEJ DGHQTG CRRN[KPI HWNN VJTQVVNG VQ

VJG VTCKP0

&GURKVG QDUGTXCVKQPU VJCV VJG , VTCKP QRGT/

CVQT YCU CNGTV CPF HKV HQT UGTXKEG." CPGEFQVCN

GXKFGPEG GZKUVU VJCV JG HGNN CUNGGR YJKNG RTQ/

EGGFKPI WR VJG DTKFIG CRRTQCEJ0"#HVGT CRRN[KPI

HWNN VJTQVVNG."JG OCFG PQ QVJGT TGURQPUGU FWTKPI

VJG PGZV OKPWVG VQ UKIPCN CURGEVU TGSWKTKPI HKTUV

VJCV JG RTGRCTG VQ UVQR"*[GNNQY+"CPF VJGP VJCV JG

UVQR"*TGF+0" #HVGT JG RCUUGF VJG ,4/355"UKIPCN.

JG JCF CDQWV" 7" UGEQPFU VQ EQORN[ YKVJ VJG

[GNNQY CURGEV CV ,4/352."DWV HCKNGF VQ UNQY JKU

VTCKP0"$GKPI CP GZRGTKGPEGF VTCKP QRGTCVQT CPF

DGKPI HCOKNKCT YKVJ VJG , NKPG." JG YQWNF JCXG

MPQYP VJCV CU C RTGECWVKQPCT[ OGCUWTG JG JCF

VQ UNQY JKU VTCKP KP QTFGT VQ UVQR CV VJG TGF

UKIPCN KP VJG DNQEM CJGCF0"#HVGT JG RCUUGF VJG

,4/352"UKIPCN." JG JCF CDQWV"8"UGEQPFU VQ UVQR

KP TGURQPUG VQ VJG TGF ,4/34:"UKIPCN."DWV FKF PQV

CVVGORV VQ FQ UQ0

46

6JG RQUKVKQP QH VJG , VTCKP QRGTCVQTIU DQF[

CHVGT VJG CEEKFGPV UWRRQTVU VJG HKPFKPI VJCV JG

RTQDCDN[ HGNN CUNGGR0" #DQWV"9"UGEQPFU GNCRUGF

DGVYGGP VJG VKOG VJCV VJG , VTCKP YGPV KPVQ

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

46 2QUVCEEKFGPV GZCOKPCVKQP KPFKECVGF VJCV VJG GOGTIGPE[

DTCMKPI YCU CEVKXCVGF D[ VJG VTKR EQEM CPF PQV D[ VJG

QRGTCVQT CRRN[KPI VJG DTCMGU0
52

GOGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI CPF VJG VKOG QH KORCEV0

9JGP C VTCKP IQGU KPVQ GOGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI."VJG

DTCMG U[UVGO GOKVU C FKUVKPEVKXG PQKUG."TGEQI/

PK\CDNG D[ CP[ ETGYOGODGT0" $QVJ VJG EQP/

FWEVQT CPF VJG QHH/FWV[ QRGTCVQT QP VJG , VTCKP

TGRQTVGF JGCTKPI VJG EJQY UQWPF QH VJG

GOGTIGPE[ DTCMG0"*CF VJG , VTCKP QRGTCVQT DGGP

CNGTV."JG YQWNF JCXG DGGP CDNG VQ FGVGEV VJCV C

EQNNKUKQP YCU KOOKPGPV CPF RTQDCDN[ YQWNF

JCXG VTKGF VQ XCECVG VJG EQORCTVOGPV VQ CXQKF

KPLWT[0"*QYGXGT."KPXGUVKICVQTU HQWPF JKU DQF[

KP JKU UGCV CPF PQ KPFKECVKQP VJCV JG JCF VWTPGF

QT OQXGF VQ NGCXG VJG EQORCTVOGPV0"*KU HCKNWTG

VQ VCMG CEVKQP KP C NKHG/VJTGCVGPKPI UKVWCVKQP

UVTQPIN[ UWIIGUVU VJCV JG YCU GKVJGT CUNGGR QT

JCF LWUV YQMGP WR CPF YCU VQQ FKUQTKGPVGF QT

UNWIIKUJ WRQP YCMKPI VQ TGURQPF0

6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF CVVGORVGF VQ FGVGTOKPG

YJ[ VJG VTCKP QRGTCVQT OKIJV JCXG DGGP HC/

VKIWGF0"1PG HCEVQT VQ GZCOKPG YJGP KPXGUVKIC/

VKPI VJG TQNG QH HCVKIWG KU VJG VKOG QH FC[ YJGP

VJG YQTM KU FQPG0" 6JG CEEKFGPV JCRRGPGF CV

8<34"C0O0."C VKOG VJCV EQKPEKFGU YKVJ C RGTUQP)U

RTKOCT[ RGTKQF QH UNGGRKPGUU0"(QT OCP[ RGQRNG.

KPENWFKPI UJKHV YQTMGTU YJQ YQTM DGVYGGP

OKFPKIJV CPF" 8" C0O0." VJG DGUV EQPFKVKQP KU

NQYGTGF CNGTVPGUU."CPF VJG YQTUV ECUG KU HCNNKPI

CUNGGR0

47" #HVGT VJG VTCKP QRGTCVQT CRRNKGF HWNN

VJTQVVNG." VJG VTCKP)U" 3/OKPWVG ENKOD WR VJG

DTKFIG YQWNF JCXG DGGP CORNG VKOG HQT JKO VQ

JCXG HCNNGP CUNGGR0

6JG CEEKFGPV QEEWTTGF QP /QPFC[."VJG HKTUV

FC[ YJGP VJG VTCKP QRGTCVQT EJCPIGF HTQO JKU

YGGMGPF UEJGFWNG QH UNGGRKPI CV PKIJV VQ JKU

YGGMFC[ UEJGFWNG QH YQTMKPI CV PKIJV0"# UKI/

PKHKECPV RTQDNGO KP TQVCVKPI YQTM UJKHVU KU VJG

VKOG KV VCMGU HQT VJG RGTUQP)U KPVGTPCN DKQ/

NQIKECN."QT EKTECFKCP."ENQEM VQ EJCPIG0"9JGP C

RGTUQP EJCPIGU JKU YQTM1TGUV UEJGFWNG." JKU

DQF[ FQGU PQV CFLWUV KOOGFKCVGN[0"#FCRVKPI VQ

VJG PGY UNGGR1YCMG UEJGFWNG OC[ VCMG UGXGTCN

FC[U""VQ""UGXGTCN YGGMU0""# HCKNWTG""VQ CFLWUV VQ

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

47 &KPIGU."&0"(0"."3;:;0"6JG PCVWTG QH UNGGRKPGUU<"ECWUGU.

EQPVGZV." CPF EQPUGSWGPEGU0" +P<" 5VTWPMCTF." #0." GFU0" 2GT/

URGEVKXGU KP DGJCXKQTCN OGFKEKPGU<" GCVKPI." UNGGRKPI." CPF

UGZ0"*KNNUFCNG."00",0<".CYTGPEG 'TNDCWO<"369/39;0

UEJGFWNG EJCPIGU KORCKTU RGTHQTOCPEG." FKOKP/

KUJGU CNGTVPGUU." CPF KPETGCUGU TGCEVKQP VKOG0

5VWFKGU JCXG UJQYP VJCV UJKHV YQTMGTU YJQ

TQVCVG UEJGFWNGU CTG GURGEKCNN[ RTQPG VQ HCVKIWG

QP DQVJ VJG HKTUV CPF UGEQPF PKIJVU QH VJG YQTM

YGGM0" +P VJKU ECUG." VJG , VTCKP QRGTCVQT." YJQ

YCU YQTMKPI CV VJG VKOG YJGP JG YCU CUNGGR QP

VJG RTGXKQWU FC[." FKF PQV JCXG VJG PGEGUUCT[

VKOG HQT JKU EKTECFKCP TJ[VJO VQ OCVEJ JKU PGY

UNGGR/YCMG E[ENG0"#U C TGUWNV."JG RTQDCDN[ YCU

PQV RTGRCTGF VQ UVC[ CYCMG CNN PKIJV0

6JG 065$ UVWF[." (CEVQTU 6JCV #HHGEV (C/

VKIWG KP *GCX[ 6TWEM #EEKFGPVU.

48 EQPENWFGU

VJCV VJG OQUV ETKVKECN HCEVQTU KP RTGFKEVKPI

HCVKIWG/TGNCVGF CEEKFGPVU CTG VJG FWTCVKQP QH VJG

OQUV TGEGPV UNGGR RGTKQFU."VJG COQWPV QH UNGGR

KP VJG RCUV"46" JQWTU." CPF URNKV UNGGR RCVVGTPU0

6JG , VTCKP QRGTCVQT)U NCUV UNGGR RGTKQF"*C 5WP/

FC[ GXGPKPI PCR+" YCU RTQDCDN[ NGUU VJCP" 5

JQWTU0"*G RTQDCDN[ JCF TGEGKXGF QPN[ CDQWV"8

JQWTU QH UNGGR QT NGUU KP VJG"46"JQWTU DGHQTG VJG

CEEKFGPV CPF YCU PQV UWHHKEKGPVN[ TGUVGF0" 6JG

5CHGV[ $QCTF EQPENWFGU VJCV VJG , VTCKP QRGTCVQT

HCKNGF VQ VCMG CEVKQP VQ UVQR JKU VTCKP QP

9KNNKCOUDWTI $TKFIG DGECWUG JG YCU CUNGGR0

6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF JCU DGGP EQPEGTPGF CDQWV

VJG HCEVQT QH HCVKIWG KP VTCPURQTVCVKQP HQT OCP[

[GCTU0"+P"3;;2."VJG $QCTF EQORNGVGF C UVWF[ QH

3:4" JGCX[ VTWEM CEEKFGPVU VJCV TGUWNVGF KP

FTKXGT HCVCNKVKGU0" 6JG RTKOCT[ RWTRQUG QH VJKU

UVWF[ YCU VQ CUUGUU VJG TQNG QH CNEQJQN CPF

QVJGT FTWIU=" JQYGXGT." VJG UVWF[ HQWPF VJCV

HCVKIWG YCU VJG RTQDCDNG ECWUG QT C HCEVQT KP"53

RGTEGPV QH VJG CEEKFGPVU0

49

6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF JCU CNUQ HQWPF HCVKIWG VQ

DG RTGXCNGPV KP TCKNTQCF CEEKFGPVU0" 6JG $QCTF

FGVGTOKPGF VJCV VJG RTQDCDNG ECWUG QH C ,CPWCT[

3;::"JGCF/QP EQNNKUKQP QH VYQ HTGKIJV VTCKPU KP

YJKEJ VJG GPIKPGGTU CPF DTCMGOGP FKGF YCU VJG

$UNGGR/FGRTKXGF""EQPFKVKQP""QH VJG""GPIKPGGT CPF

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

48 5CHGV[ 5VWF["*065$155/;7123+0

49 5CHGV[ 5VWF[ (CVKIWG."#NEQJQN."1VJGT &TWIU."CPF /GF/

KECN (CEVQTU KP (CVCN/6Q/6JG/&TKXGT *GCX[ 6TWEM %TCUJGU.

*065$155/;2123+0
53

QVJGT ETGYOGODGTU QH =VJG YGUVDQWPF VTCKP?.

YJKEJ TGUWNVGF KP VJGKT KPCDKNKV[ VQ UVC[ CYCMG

CPF CNGTV."CPF VJGKT EQPUGSWGPV HCKNWTG VQ EQO/

RN[ YKVJ TGUVTKEVKXG UKIPCN CURGEVU0$4:"+PXGUVKIC/

VQTU HQWPF VJCV PQPG QH VJG ETGYOGODGTU QP

VJG YGUVDQWPF VTCKP JCF JCF OQTG VJCP"4"JQWTU

QH UNGGR FWTKPI VJG" 44" VQ" 46" JQWTU RTGEGFKPI

VJG CEEKFGPV0

(QNNQYKPI KVU KPXGUVKICVKQP QH C 0QXGODGT

3;;2" JGCF/QP EQNNKUKQP QH VYQ HTGKIJV VTCKPU

PGCT %QTQPC."%CNKHQTPKC."KP YJKEJ VJG GPVKTG"5/

OCP ETGY QH QPG VTCKP CPF C DTCMGOCP QP VJG

QVJGT VTCKP YGTG MKNNGF."VJG 5CHGV[ $QCTF HQWPF

VJCV VJG GTTCPV ETGYOGODGTU YGTG GKVJGT CUNGGR

QT VQQ UNGGR[ VQ TGURQPF0

4;

1XGT VJG NCUV UGXGTCN [GCTU." VJG 0;%6 ,

VTCKP QRGTCVQT JCF RGTKQFKECNN[ DGGP QDUGTXGF CV

YQTM KP C HCVKIWGF EQPFKVKQP0"*KU RGTUQPPGN HKNG

EQPVCKPGF C FKUEKRNKPCT[ CEVKQP"*TGRTKOCPF+"HQT

UNGGRKPI KP C FCTMGPGF ETGY TQQO YJKNG QP

FWV[ QP ,CPWCT[" 3:." 3;:;." CV" 4<23" C0O0" +P

CFFKVKQP." CP 0;%6 VTCKP QRGTCVQT YJQ JCF

YQTMGF YKVJ VJG , VTCKP QRGTCVQT QP CPF QHH HQT

CDQWV"4" [GCTU TGECNNGF JKO UC[KPI VJCV JG JCF

KDCTGN[ OCFG KV VJKU VTKRL DGECWUG JG JCF

VTQWDNG UVC[KPI CYCMG0"5JG UVCVGF VJCV JG YQWNF

IGV VKTGF FWTKPI CP" :/JQWT OKFPKIJV VQWT CPF

VJCV KJG CPF QVJGT OQVQTOGPL JCF RTQDNGOU

VT[KPI VQ UVC[ CYCMG DGVYGGP"5"C0O0"CPF"8"C0O0

5JG UVCVGF VJCV." EQPVTCT[ VQ EQORCP[ RQNKE[.

ETGYOGODGTU KCNN VQQM PCRU CV YQTM FWTKPI VJG

OKFPKIJV VQWT0L 6JG , VTCKP EQPFWEVQT GEJQGF

JGT QDUGTXCVKQPU0" *G VGUVKHKGF VJCV JKU 4&1

DGHQTG TGRQTVKPI VQ JKU HKTUV PKIJV QH YQTM JCF

DGGP JGEVKE CPF VJCV JG YCU HGGNKPI VJG GHHGEVU

QH HCVKIWG CV VJG VKOG QH VJG CEEKFGPV0"*G CFFGF

VJCV CP[QPG YJQ JCF YQTMGF VJG OKFPKIJV UJKHV

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

4: 4CKNTQCF #EEKFGPV 4GRQTV//*GCF/'PF %QNNKUKQP QH %QP/

UQNKFCVGF 4CKN %QTRQTCVKQP (TGKIJV 6TCKPU 7$6/728" CPF

68/83" 0GCT 6JQORUQPVQYP." 2GPPU[NXCPKC." ,CPWCT[" 36.

3;::0"*065$14#4/:;124+0

4; 4CKNTQCF #EEKFGPV 4GRQTV//#VEJKUQP."6QRGMC."CPF 5CPVC

(G 4CKNYC[ %QORCP[" *#65(+" (TGKIJV 6TCKPU #65(" :3:

CPF #65(":;3"QP VJG #65( 4CKNYC[."%QTQPC."%CNKHQTPKC.

0QXGODGT"9."3;;2"*065$14#4/;3125+0

MPQYU VJCV KVJGTGIU EGTVCKP VKOGU QH VJG PKIJV

[QW HGGN C NKVVNG HCVKIWG0L

4GEGPV UVWFKGU." KPENWFKPI TGUGCTEJ RGT/

HQTOGF CV VJG 0#5# #OGU (CVKIWG %QWPVGT/

OGCUWTG 2TQITCO." JCXG KFGPVKHKGF GHHGEVKXG

EQWPVGTOGCUWTGU VQ EQODCV HCVKIWG0"1PG CEWVG.

UJQTV/CEVKPI QRGTCVKQPCN EQWPVGTOGCUWTG VQ

OKPKOK\G QT OKVKICVG VJG GHHGEVU QH UNGGR NQUU.

EKTECFKCP FKUTWRVKQP."CPF HCVKIWG KP HNKIJV QRGT/

CVKQPU KU VJG WUG QH UVTCVGIKE PCRRKPI0"# UVWF[

GZCOKPKPI VJG GHHGEVU QH RNCPPGF EQEMRKV TGUVU

FWTKPI NQPI/JCWN QRGTCVKQPU HQWPF VJCV RKNQVU

YJQ UNGRV KP VJG EQEMRKV HQT CP CXGTCIG QH"48

OKPWVGU FWTKPI NQY YQTMNQCF RGTKQFU OCKP/

VCKPGF JKIJGT NGXGNU QH XKIKNCPEG CPF CNGTVPGUU

EQORCTGF VQ RKNQVU YJQ FKF PQV PCR0

52 #FFK/

VKQPCN TGUGCTEJ JCU UJQYP VJCV C UKPING" 67/

OKPWVG PCR DGHQTG C PKIJV YKVJQWV UNGGR ECP

RTGXGPV UKIPKHKECPV NQUU QH RGTHQTOCPEG ECRC/

DKNKV[ CPF HCVKIWG VJTQWIJQWV VJG PKIJV0

53 6JG

5CHGV[ $QCTF CITGGU VJCV VJG WUG QH PCRU CU C

OGCPU QH RTGXGPVKPI HCVKIWG DGHQTG KVU QPUGV KU C

YQTVJYJKNG EQWPVGTOGCUWTG CPF C UVTCVGI[ VJCV

VJG 0;%6 UJQWNF EQPUKFGT CEEGRVCDNG CPF

CFXCPVCIGQWU0" 6JG WUG QH RWPKVKXG QT FKUEK/

RNKPCT[ OGCUWTGU."UWEJ CU GORNQ[GG TGRTKOCPFU

QT UWURGPUKQPU." UKORN[ KU PQV GHHGEVKXG KP

EQODCVKPI C RJ[UKQNQIKECN EQPFKVKQP0" 5VTCVGIKE

PCRRKPI D[ VTCKP QRGTCVQTU CPF EQPFWEVQTU

EQWNF QEEWT FWTKPI GZVGPFGF PQP/QRGTCVKQPCN

RGTKQFU QP VJGKT UJKHVU0" 6JG $QCTF ECWVKQPU.

JQYGXGT." VJCV VJGUG PCRU UJQWNF DG C UWRRNG/

OGPV VQ."PQV C TGRNCEGOGPV HQT."QPG EQPVKPWQWU

:/JQWT UNGGR RGTKQF0

(GFGTCN TGIWNCVKQPU FQ PQV TGSWKTG VJCV

HCVKIWG GFWECVKQPCN RTQITCOU DG FGXGNQRGF QT

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

52 4QUGMKPF." /040." )TCGDGT."40%0." &KPIGU." &0(0." %QP/

PGNN.".0,0."4QWPVTGG."/050."5RKPYGDGT."%0.0."CPF )KNNGP.

-0#0" *3;;6+0" %TGY (CEVQTU KP (NKIJV 1RGTCVKQPU +:<

'HHGEVU QH 2NCPPGF %QEMRKV 4GUV QP %TGY 2GTHQTOCPEG CPF

#NGTVPGUU KP .QPI/*CWN 1RGTCVKQPU0"*0CVKQPCN #GTQPCWVKEU

CPF 5RCEG #FOKPKUVTCVKQP 6GEJPKECN /GOQTCPFWO

32::5;+0

53 4QUGMKPF."/040.")CPFGT."20*0."/KNNGT."&0.0.")TGIQT[.

-0$0." /E0CNN[." -0.0." 5OKVJ." 40/0." (" .GDCES\." ,080

*3;;5+0" K0#5# #OGU (CVKIWG %QWPVGTOGCUWTGU 2TQ/

ITCO0L (## #XKCVKQP 5CHGV[ ,QWTPCN."5*3+."42/470
54

KPEQTRQTCVGF KP VTCKPKPI HQT EQXGTGF GORNQ[GGU

QT UWRGTXKUQTU KP VTCPUKV QRGTCVKQPU0"6JGTGHQTG.

VJG 5CHGV[ $QCTF KU RNGCUGF VJCV VJG 0;%6 VQQM

VJG KPKVKCVKXG QH EQPVTCEVKPI HQT C HCVKIWG UVWF[

CPF KU KPEQTRQTCVKPI C HCVKIWG GFWECVKQPCN

CYCTGPGUU RTQITCO KPVQ KVU HKVPGUU/HQT/FWV[

GXCNWCVKQPU0" 6JG $QCTF PQVGU." JQYGXGT." VJCV

VJG XKFGQVCRG FGXGNQRGF QP UCHG QRGTCVKPI

RTQEGFWTGU HQT VTCKP QRGTCVQTU QPN[ DTKGHN[

CFFTGUUGU VJG PGGF HQT GORNQ[GGU VQ DG TGUVGF

CPF CNGTV CPF VJG PGGF HQT GORNQ[GGU VQ IGV

DGVYGGP"8/:"JQWTU QH UNGGR DGHQTG TGRQTVKPI VQ

YQTM0" 6JG XKFGQ FQGU PQV FKUEWUU QVJGT

TGNGXCPV KUUWGU TGICTFKPI HCVKIWG." RCTVKEWNCTN[

UNGGR/TGNCVGF KUUWGU TGNGXCPV VQ PKIJV/UJKHV

YQTMGTU0"#NVJQWIJ VJG 5CHGV[ $QCTF EQOOGPFU

VJG 0;%6)U KPKVKCVKXG KP RTQXKFKPI VJKU

VTCKPKPI." VJG $QCTF DGNKGXGU VJCV VJG VTCPUKV

EQORCP[IU HCVKIWG GFWECVKQPCN RTQITCO UJQWNF

DG GZRCPFGF0" 6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF DGNKGXGU VJCV

VJG 0;%6 UJQWNF FGXGNQR CPF FKUUGOKPCVG C

VTCKPKPI OQFWNG VJCV VGNNU VTCKP QRGTCVQTU CDQWV

VJG JC\CTFU QH QRGTCVKPI VTCKPU YJKNG HCVKIWGF0

6JG OQFWNG UJQWNF KPENWFG KPHQTOCVKQP CDQWV

VJG PGGF HQT CP CFGSWCVG COQWPV QH SWCNKV[

UNGGR." CDQWV VJG HCEV VJCV C VTCKP QRGTCVQT ECP

HCNN CUNGGR UWFFGPN[ CPF YKVJQWV YCTPKPI

TGICTFNGUU QH JKU CIG QT GZRGTKGPEG." CDQWV VJG

DGJCXKQTCN CPF RJ[UKQNQIKECN EQPUGSWGPEGU QH

UNGGRKPGUU." CPF CDQWV UVTCVGIKGU HQT CXQKFKPI

UNGGR NQUU."UWEJ CU UVTCVGIKE PCRRKPI0

&WTKPI KVU KPXGUVKICVKQP QH VJKU CEEKFGPV."VJG

5CHGV[ $QCTF EQPVCEVGF UKZ OCLQT VTCPUKV

CIGPEKGU CPF HQWPF VJCV PQPG QH VJGO RTQXKFGU

HCVKIWG/TGNCVGF VTCKPKPI KP KVU GORNQ[GG VTCKPKPI

RTQITCO0"+P C VTCPUKV U[UVGO VJCV KU PQV HCKN UCHG

CPF KU XWNPGTCDNG VQ JWOCP GTTQT."VJG KUUWG QH

HCVKIWG KU QH ITGCV EQPEGTP0"6Q JGNR TGFWEG VJG

PWODGT QH HCVKIWG/TGNCVGF CEEKFGPVU." HCVKIWG

VTCKPKPI CPF GFWECVKQP KU ETKVKECN HQT GORNQ[GGU

KP UCHGV[/UGPUKVKXG RQUKVKQPU0" 6JG $QCTF.

VJGTGHQTG." DGNKGXGU VJCV VJG &16IU (6#." KP

EQQRGTCVKQP YKVJ #26#." UJQWNF FGXGNQR CPF

FKUVTKDWVG C OQFGN HCVKIWG CYCTGPGUU RTQITCO

HQT VTCPUKV CIGPEKGU VQ WUG KP VJGKT HKVPGUU/HQT/

FWV[ VTCKPKPI HQT UWRGTXKUQTU CPF GORNQ[GGU KP

UCHGV[/UGPUKVKXG RQUKVKQPU0

NYCT Oversight of Communications

*CF VJG , VTCKP QRGTCVQT DGGP CNGTVGF D[ VJG

EQOOCPF EGPVGT VJCV C XGJKENG YCU UVQRRGF QP

9KNNKCOUDWTI $TKFIG." VJKU CEEKFGPV OKIJV JCXG

DGGP CXQKFGF0"7PFGT PQTOCN VTCHHKE EQPFKVKQPU.

VJG / VTCKP V[RKECNN[ YQWNF JCXG DGGP NGCXKPI

VJG DTKFIG KP /CPJCVVCP CU VJG , VTCKP GPVGTGF

VJG DTKFIG HTQO $TQQMN[P0"6JG , VTCKP QRGTCVQT.

YJQ YCU GZRGTKGPEGF QP VJKU NKPG." RTQDCDN[

YCU CEEWUVQOGF VQ VTCXGNKPI CETQUU VJG DTKFIG

QP ITGGP UKIPCNU CPF PQV GZRGTKGPEKPI FGNC[U QT

UVQRRKPI HQT VTCKPU CJGCF0

5VQRU DGVYGGP UVCVKQPU IGPGTCNN[ CTG PQV

RNCPPGF." CPF EQNNKUKQP/CXQKFCPEG FGRGPFU

NCTIGN[ QP VJG CRRTQRTKCVG CPF VKOGN[ TGURQPUG

D[ VJG VTCKP QRGTCVQTU CRRTQCEJKPI C UVQRRGF

XGJKENG0" 1PG YC[ VQ JGNR RTGXGPV TGCT/GPF

EQNNKUKQPU KU VQ CNGTV QRGTCVQTU QH VTCKNKPI VTCKPU

VJCV VJG[ OC[ PGGF VQ OCMG CP WPGZRGEVGF UVQR

HQT C VTCKP CJGCF0" 6JG 0;%6 GORNQ[GG

QRGTCVKPI RTQEGFWTGU CV 4WNG" 62." K5KIPCNU.L

URGEKHKECNN[ UVCVG VJCV VTCKP QRGTCVQTU GPEQWPVGT/

KPI C TGF CWVQOCVKE UKIPCN OWUV KOOGFKCVGN[

TCFKQ VJG FKURCVEJ EQOOCPF EGPVGT VJCV VJG[

JCXG UVQRRGF0"7RQP TGEGKXKPI UWEJ PQVKHKECVKQP

HTQO CP QRGTCVQT." EQOOCPF EGPVGT RGTUQPPGN

CTG VQ KPHQTO UVQRRGF VTCKPU CPF CP[ HQNNQYKPI

VTCKPU QH VJG TGCUQP HQT VJG TGF UKIPCN0" 6JG

5CHGV[ $QCTF KU EQPEGTPGF VJCV VJG TWNG TGSWKT/

KPI VTCKP QRGTCVQTU VQ KOOGFKCVGN[ ECNN VJG EQO/

OCPF EGPVGT CV C TGF UKIPCN CU YTKVVGP CPF CU

RNCEGF KP VJG GORNQ[GG QRGTCVKPI OCPWCN CPF

TGXKUKQP DWNNGVKP KU CODKIWQWU CPF EQPHWUKPI VQ

VTCKP QRGTCVQTU0"6JG RCTCITCRJ CDQWV VJG PGGF

VQ KOOGFKCVGN[ ECNN VJG EQOOCPF EGPVGT CV C

TGF UKIPCN KOOGFKCVGN[ HQNNQYU RTQEGFWTGU HQT

MG[KPI D[ C TGF UKIPCN0" #NVJQWIJ VJGUG VYQ

RTQEGFWTGU CTG KPFGRGPFGPV QH GCEJ QVJGT."VJGKT

LWZVCRQUKVKQP KP VJG TWNG DQQM UWIIGUVU VJCV VJG[

CTG NKPMGF CPF VJCV QRGTCVQTU CTG VQ ECNN VJG

EQOOCPF EGPVGT QPN[ YJGP VJG[ CTG UGGMKPI

RGTOKUUKQP VQ MG[ D[ C TGF UKIPCN0" %QPUG/

SWGPVN[."VTCKP QRGTCVQTU YJQ JCXG VQ UVQR CPF

YJQ FQ PQV KPVGPF VQ MG[ D[ C UKIPCN OC[

DGNKGXG VJCV VJG[ FQ PQV JCXG VQ ECNN VJG EQO/

OCPF EGPVGT KOOGFKCVGN[0"6JKU RTQDNGO YCU
55

KFGPVKHKGF FWTKPI KPVGTXKGYU EQPFWEVGF UGRCT/

CVGN[ D[ VJG 5CHGV[ $QCTF CPF D[ VJG 0GY ;QTM

%KV[ %QWPEKNIU %QOOKVVGG QP 6TCPURQTVCVKQP

YKVJ 0;%6 VTCKP QRGTCVQTU CPF FKURCVEJGTU0

(GY QH VJQUG KPVGTXKGYGF EQWNF EQTTGEVN[ NKUV

VJG EQOOWPKECVKQPU RTQEGFWTGU VJG[ JCF VCMGP

QT YGTG UWRRQUGF VQ VCMG YJGP VJG[ JCF VQ UVQR

CV C TGF UKIPCN0" 6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF EQPENWFGU

VJCV VJG 0;%6 QRGTCVKPI OCPWCN CV 4WNG" 62

*O+."YJKEJ UVKRWNCVGU VJCV VTCKP QRGTCVQTU OWUV

KOOGFKCVGN[ PQVKH[ VJG EQOOCPF EGPVGT YJGP

VJG[ CTG UVQRRGF CV TGF UKIPCNU." ECP GCUKN[ DG

OKUKPVGTRTGVGF CPF KU KPEQPUKUVGPV YKVJ VJG

0;%6)U CEVWCN OQFG QH QRGTCVKQP0

6JG $QCTF KU CYCTG VJCV VJG 0;%6 VTKGF VQ

CFFTGUU VJG RTQDNGO QH GORNQ[GGU OKUKP/

VGTRTGVKPI 4WNG" 62" *O+" D[ KUUWKPI C URGEKCN

DWNNGVKP TGXKUKPI VJG TGSWKTGF RTQEGFWTGU0"*QY/

GXGT." CU GXKFGPEGF D[ VJG TGURQPUGU HTQO VJG

GORNQ[GGU KPVGTXKGYGF CHVGT VJG CEEKFGPV." VJKU

OGVJQF QH CFXKUKPI GORNQ[GGU QH C RTQEGFWTCN

EJCPIG KU PQV VQVCNN[ GHHGEVKXG CPF TGUWNVU KP JKV/

CPF/OKUU EQORNKCPEG."CV DGUV0"6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF

DGNKGXGU VJCV QRGTCVQTU YQWNF DGVVGT WPFGTUVCPF

VJCV VJG[ CTG VQ KOOGFKCVGN[ EQPVCEV VJG EQO/

OCPF EGPVGT WPFGT CNN EKTEWOUVCPEGU WRQP

UVQRRKPI CV C TGF UKIPCN KH VJKU RTQEGFWTG YGTG

RTGUGPVGF CV VJG DGIKPPKPI QH 4WNG" 62" *O+0

(WTVJGT."VJG 0;%6 PGGFU VQ GPCEV OGCUWTGU VQ

GPUWTG VJCV GORNQ[GGU TGCF." WPFGTUVCPF." CPF

CFJGTG VQ VJG TWNGU0

6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF GZCOKPGF UGXGTCN 0;%6

CEEKFGPVU"*UGG VCDNG"9+"KP YJKEJ VJG QRGTCVQTU QH

VJG UVTKMKPI VTCKPU UKORN[ FKF PQV MPQY VJCV

CPQVJGT VTCKP YCU UVQRRGF CJGCF QH VJGO CPF

EQPUGSWGPVN[ FKF PQV VCMG CP[ RTGECWVKQPCT[

OGCUWTGU0" +P CNN ECUGU." VJG QRGTCVQTU QH VJG

UVTWEM VTCKPU HCKNGF VQ ECNN VJG EQOOCPF EGPVGT

VQ TGRQTV VJCV VJG[ YGTG UVQRRGF CV C TGF UKIPCN0

*CF VJG[ TGRQTVGF VJG FGNC[U." VJG EQOOCPF

EGPVGT FKURCVEJGTU EQWNF JCXG CUUGUUGF VJG

EKTEWOUVCPEGU CPF CNGTVGF VJG HQNNQYKPI VTCKP

QRGTCVQTU." VJGTGD[ RTGXGPVKPI CNN QT OQUV QH

VJGUG CEEKFGPVU0

1P VJG FC[ QH VJG )TCJCO #XGPWG CEEK/

FGPV."VTCKP QRGTCVQTU YGTG GZRGTKGPEKPI FGNC[U

QP VJG NKPG DGECWUG QH JGCX[ VTCHHKE0"9JGP VJG

QRGTCVQT QH C UQWVJDQWPF VTCKP JCF UVQRRGF."JG

RTQRGTN[ TCFKQGF VJG EQOOCPF EGPVGT

FKURCVEJGT."YJQ EQPVCEVGF VYQ QVJGT HQNNQYKPI

VTCKPU CPF KPUVTWEVGF VJGO VQ UVQR0" 5JQTVN[

VJGTGCHVGT." VJG UQWVJDQWPF VTCKP RTQEGGFGF

VQYCTF KVU PGZV UVQR." YJKEJ YCU )TCJCO

#XGPWG UVCVKQP0

/GCPYJKNG." VJG PQTVJDQWPF VTCKP." 3876.

YCU UVQRRGF CV VJG UVCVKQP0"*QYGXGT."VJG VTCKP

QRGTCVQT HCKNGF VQ TCFKQ VJG EQOOCPF EGPVGT

TGICTFKPI C TGF KPFKECVKQP CV VJG UKIPCN0

/QOGPVU NCVGT." CPQVJGT PQTVJDQWPF VTCKP.

387:.."UVTWEM VJG TGCT QH VTCKP"3876.0

6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF DGNKGXGU VJCV YJGP WUGF

YKVJ VJG UKIPCN U[UVGO."GHHGEVKXG TCFKQ EQOOWP/

KECVKQPU UGTXG CU CP CFFKVKQPCN OGCPU QH KPHQTO/

KPI VTCKP QRGTCVQTU CDQWV RQVGPVKCN RTQDNGOU.

CPF JGNR VQ GPUWTG UCHG VTCKP OQXGOGPV0"2TQRGT

PQVKHKECVKQP CNGTVU VTCKP QRGTCVQTU QH VJG VTCHHKE

EQPFKVKQPU CJGCF."VJGTGD[ RTQXKFKPI VJGO YKVJ

6CDNG"9"G 4GCT/GPF %QNNKUKQPU QP VJG 0;%6 5[UVGO

Date Location Actions By The Operator On The Struck Train

291481;2 511";VJ #XGPWG 5VQRRGF UQWVJ QH VJG";VJ #XGPWG UVCVKQP FWG VQ EQPIGUVKQP="FKF PQV

ECNN EQOOCPF EGPVGT0

32191;5 )TCJCO

#XGPWG

5VQRRGF CPF JGNF JKU VTCKP KP )TCJCO #XGPWG UVCVKQP"6"OKPWVGU DG/

ECWUG QH FGNC[U=" KPHQTOGF EQPFWEVQT QH EQPIGUVKQP=" FKF PQV ECNN

EQOOCPF EGPVGT0

241;1;7 $TQQMN[P 5VQRRGF CV TGF UKIPCN HQT"5"OKPWVGU="FKF PQV ECNN EQOOCPF EGPVGT0

28171;7 9KNNKCOUDWTI

$TKFIG

6YKEG UVQRRGF QP TGF UKIPCNU CPF UNQYN[ RTQEGGFGF QP [GNNQY

UKIPCNU HQT CDQWV"5"OKPWVGU="FKF PQV ECNN EQOOCPF EGPVGT0
56

C ITGCVGT QRRQTVWPKV[ VQ UVQR VJGKT VTCKPU0" 6JG

5CHGV[ $QCTF EQPENWFGU VJCV JCF VJG / VTCKP

QRGTCVQT QT QPG QH VJG VTCKP QRGTCVQTU CJGCF QH

JKO TCFKQGF VJG EQOOCPF EGPVGT VQ TGRQTV

DGKPI UVQRRGF CV VJG TGF UKIPCNU." CU VJG[ YGTG

TGSWKTGF VQ FQ." CPF JCF VJG EQOOCPF EGPVGT

RGTUQPPGN TGNC[GF VJKU KPHQTOCVKQP VQ VJG

QRGTCVQT QH VJG , VTCKP."JG OC[ DGGP CNGTVGF KP

VKOG VQ UVQR JKU VTCKP0

6JG EQPHWUKQP YKVJ CPF VJG HCKNWTG VQ

CFJGTG VQ 4WNG"62"*O+"QH VJG 0;%6 GORNQ[GG

QRGTCVKPI OCPWCN TCKUGU UQOG SWGUVKQPU CU VQ

VJG GHHGEVKXGPGUU QH VJG 0;%6 QXGTUKIJV RTQ/

EGFWTGU0" #U C TGUWNV QH KVU KPXGUVKICVKQP QH C

(GDTWCT[";."3;;7."CEEKFGPV KP YJKEJ CP / NKPG

VTCKP UVTWEM VJG TGCT QH C UVQRRGF $ NKPG VTCKP

PGCT VJG";VJ #XGPWG UVCVKQP KP $TQQMN[P."0GY

;QTM.

54 VJG 5CHGV[ $QCTF HQWPF VJCV VJG 0;%6

NCEMGF CP GHHGEVKXG RTQITCO HQT GPUWTKPI

QRGTCVQT EQORNKCPEG YKVJ QRGTCVKPI TWNGU0" +P

VJCV TGRQTV."VJG $QCTF QDUGTXGF VJCV VJG 0;%6

JCF PQ WPCPPQWPEGF QTCN QT YTKVVGP EQORNKCPEG

VGUVU CPF OCFG VJG HQNNQYKPI TGEQOOGPFCVKQP

VQ VJG 0;%6<

4/;8/32

4GXKUG VJG 1RGTCVKPI 'ORNQ[GG 'XCNW/

CVKQP %JGEM .KUV VQ GHHGEVKXGN[ FGVGT/

OKPG EQORNKCPEG YKVJ QRGTCVKPI TWNGU

CPF KPUVTWEVKQPU CPF KPENWFG." CV C

OKPKOWO." WPCPPQWPEGF URGGF CPF

UKIPCN VGUVU CPF TCFKQ EQOOWPKECVKQP

RTQEGFWTGU0"2TQXKFG UVCPFCTFK\GF YTKV/

VGP KPUVTWEVKQPU HQT CFOKPKUVGTKPI CPF

ITCFKPI VJG GXCNWCVKQP EJGEM NKUV0

1P /C[" 44." 3;;8." VJG 0;%6 TGURQPFGF

VJCV C NCEM QH UVCHH RTGXGPVGF VJG VTCPUKV CIGPE[

HTQO EQPFWEVKPI CP QRVKOCN PWODGT QH WPCP/

PQWPEGF TCFCT EJGEMU0" 6JG VTCPUKV EQORCP[

TGRQTVGF VJCV UKPEG ,WPG"3;;7." YKVJ CFFKVKQPCN

UVCHH." VJG 461 JCU EQPFWEVGF" 7.:22" VGUVU

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

545GG 4CKNTQCF #EEKFGPV 4GRQTV//%QNNKUKQP CPF >CKNOGPV

QH 6YQ 5WDYC[ 6TCKPU." /GVTQRQNKVCP 6TCPURQTVCVKQP

#WVJQTKV[10GY ;QTM %KV[ 6TCPUKV."KP $TQQMN[P."0GY ;QTM.

QP (GDTWCT[";."3;;7"*065$14#4/;8/23+0

U[UVGOYKFG CPF VJCV VJG CIGPE[ KPVGPFGF VQ

EQPVKPWG VJCV NGXGN QH VGUVKPI0"+V TGRQTVGF VJCV KVU

1HHKEG QH 5[UVGO 5CHGV[ JCF CRRTQXGF KP

,CPWCT[" 53." 3;;8." CP GHHKEKGPE[ VGUV RTQITCO

FGUKIPGF VQ OQPKVQT VTCKP QRGTCVQTUI EQORNKCPEG

YKVJ 0;%6 TWNGU CPF TGIWNCVKQPU CPF VJCV VJG

0;%6 YCU EQNNGEVKPI CPF OCKPVCKPKPI CNN

KPHQTOCVKQP KP C FCVCDCUG VJCV YQWNF GPCDNG VJG

VTCPUKV EQORCP[ VQ KFGPVKH[ RTQDNGOU." EQTTGEV

VJGO." CPF VTCEM GORNQ[GGUI RTQITGUU0" 6JG

TGEQOOGPFCVKQP KU EWTTGPVN[ ENCUUKHKGF

K1RGPG4GURQPUG 4GEGKXGF0L

#P 0;%6 QHHKEKCN VGUVKHKGF VJCV CHVGT VJG

9KNNKCOUDWTI CEEKFGPV."VJG VTCPUKV EQORCP[ KP/

ETGCUGF VJG PWODGT QH URGGF EJGEMU FTCOCV/

KECNN[."YJKEJ JCU TGUWNVGF KP C TGFWEVKQP KP VJG

PWODGT QH XKQNCVKQPU0" 6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF KU

RNGCUGF YKVJ VJG 0;%6IU GHHQTVU VQ KORTQXG KVU

QRGTCVQTUI EQORNKCPEG YKVJ URGGF TGUVTKEVKQPU.

DWV RQKPVU QWV VJCV VJKU KU QPN[ RCTV QH VJG

TGEQOOGPFCVKQP0" 6JG EQPHWUKQP CDQWV RTQRGT

EQOOWPKECVKQPU RTQEGFWTGU COQPI VJG QRGTC/

VKPI RGTUQPPGN KPVGTXKGYGF CHVGT VJKU CEEKFGPV

FGOQPUVTCVGU VJCV KUUWKPI DWNNGVKPU FQGU PQV

GPUWTG VJCV GORNQ[GGU WPFGTUVCPF CPF EQORN[

YKVJ QRGTCVKPI TWNGU CPF JKIJNKIJVU VJG PGGF HQT

OQTG GZVGPUKXG OGCUWTGU VQ KORTQXG EQORNK/

CPEG0"6JG $QCTF DGNKGXGU VJCV VJG 0;%6 PGGFU

VQ GPUWTG VJTQWIJ VTCKPKPI." TGVTCKPKPI." CPF

VGUVKPI VJCV KVU VTCKP QRGTCVQTU WPFGTUVCPF CPF

RTQRGTN[ CFJGTG VQ RTQRGT EQOOWPKECVKQP

RTQEGFWTGU." URGEKHKECNN[ 4WNG" 62" *O+" QH VJG

0;%6 QRGTCVKPI OCPWCN0

Adequacy of Signal Spacing for

Braking

1P ,WPG"7."3;;7."VJG , VTCKP HCKNGF VQ UVQR

YKVJKP VJG DNQEM CNVJQWIJ VJG VTKR CTO CV UKIPCN

,4/34:"RTQRGTN[ VTKIIGTGF VJG VTCKP)U GOGTIGPE[

DTCMGU0" (TQO UGRCTCVG VGUVU EQPFWEVGF D[ VJG

5CHGV[ $QCTF CPF D[ VJG 0;%6 CPF HTQO

UWTXG[U EQPFWEVGF D[ KPFGRGPFGPV EQPVTCEVQTU.

KV YCU FGVGTOKPGF VJCV OQUV UKIPCN DNQEMU KP VJG

0;%6 U[UVGO FQ PQV JCXG CFGSWCVG GOGTIGPE[

DTCMKPI FKUVCPEG0"+P VJG ECUG QH VJG 9KNNKCOU/

DWTI $TKFIG CRRTQCEJ." VJG FKUVCPEG DGVYGGP
57

UKIPCNU ,4/34:"CPF ,4/347"YCU"492057"HGGV0"#U

VTCKP QRGTCVQTU V[RKECNN[ FQ QP CP KPENKPG."VJG ,

VTCKP QRGTCVQT RTQDCDN[ JCF CRRNKGF HWNN VJTQVVNG

QP VJG DTKFIG CRRTQCEJ CPF YCU VTCXGNKPI

DGVYGGP" 56/58" ORJ YJGP VJG , VTCKP RCUUGF

UKIPCN ,4/34:0" )KXGP VJG 4/62" DTCMG EQPHKI/

WTCVKQP CPF VJG VTCKP URGGF."VJG XGJKENG PGGFGF

CP GOGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI FKUVCPEG QH CDQWV" 522

HGGV0"6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF EQPENWFGU VJCV JCF VJG ,

VTCKP QRGTCVQT CRRNKGF VJG GOGTIGPE[ DTCMG CV

VJG ,4/34:"UKIPCN."JG YQWNF PQV JCXG DGGP CDNG

VQ UVQR JKU VTCKP DGHQTG KV GPVGTGF VJG QEEWRKGF

DNQEM CJGCF."IKXGP VJG URGGF CV YJKEJ JG YCU

VTCXGNKPI0

&WTKPI VJG /CTEJ" 7." 3;;8." RQUVCEEKFGPV

DTCMKPI VGUVU EQPFWEVGF QP FT[ TCKN." VJG

UVQRRKPI FKUVCPEGU FWTKPI GOGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI

YGTG UJQTVGT VJCP FWTKPI HWNN/UGTXKEG DTCMKPI CV

NQYGT URGGFU0" 6JG UVQRRKPI FKUVCPEGU FWTKPI

HWNN/UGTXKEG DTCMKPI YGTG UJQTVGT VJCP GOGT/

IGPE[ DTCMKPI UVQRRKPI FKUVCPEGU QPN[ FWTKPI

VGUVU EQPFWEVGF CV" 62" ORJ0" *QYGXGT." VJG

HQNNQYKPI FC[ FWTKPI YGV TCKN EQPFKVKQPU." VJG

DTCMKPI VGUV TGUWNVU YGTG UKIPKHKECPVN[ FKHHGTGPV0

(WNN/UGTXKEG UVQRRKPI FKUVCPEGU YGTG UJQTVGT

VJCP GOGTIGPE[ UVQRRKPI FKUVCPEGU CV CNN

URGGFU0" (WTVJGT." VJG PWODGT CPF KPEKFGPEG QH

YJGGNU NQEMKPI WR FWTKPI VJG GOGTIGPE[

DTCMKPI KPETGCUGF CV JKIJGT DTCMKPI URGGFU QP

VJG YGV TCKN0

5CHGV[ $QCTF KPXGUVKICVQTU FGVGTOKPGF VJCV

VJG NCEM QH EQPUKUVGPE[ KP UVQRRKPI FKUVCPEGU

YCU CVVTKDWVCDNG VQ VJG DTCMG E[NKPFGT RTGUUWTG

XCTKCPEGU0"#HVGT VJG 9KNNKCOUDWTI $TKFIG CEEK/

FGPV." VJG 0;%6 CVVGORVGF VQ FGETGCUG VJG

UVQRRKPI FKUVCPEG QH VJG 4/62" D[ CFLWUVKPI VJG

NQCF UGPUQT CPF XCTKCDNG NQCF XCNXG VQ KPETGCUG

VJG DTCMG E[NKPFGT RTGUUWTG VQ"52"RUK"-1/"4"HQT

GORV[ ECTU CPF VQ"62"RUK"-1/"5"HQT HWNN[ NQCFGF

ECTU0"6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF TGEQIPK\GU VJCV VJKU KU

VJG OCZKOWO CFLWUVOGPV VJCV VJG 0;%6 ECP

OCMG." IKXGP VJG FGUKIP QH VJG 4/62" DTCMKPI

U[UVGO0" *QYGXGT." VJG CFLWUVOGPV UVKNN ECP

TGUWNV KP C RTGUUWTG XCTKCPEG DGVYGGP E[NKPFGTU

QH" 6" RUK YJGP VJG ECTU CTG GORV[ CPF" 8" RUK

YJGP VJG ECTU CTG HWNN0" 7PFGT YGV TCKN

EQPFKVKQPU."UWEJ RTGUUWTG XCTKCPEGU ECP ECWUG

UQOG YJGGNU VQ UNKFG FWTKPI GOGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI

YJKNG QVJGTU EQPVKPWG VQ TQNN." TGUWNVKPI KP

KPEQPUKUVGPV CPF GZVGPFGF DTCMKPI FKUVCPEGU0

+P TGURQPUG VQ VJG VGUVU CPF UWTXG[U." VJG

0;%6 JCU KPKVKCVGF C PWODGT QH QVJGT EJCPIGU

KP CP GHHQTV VQ GPUWTG VJCV VTCKPU YKNN UVQR YKVJKP

C DNQEM0"(QT GZCORNG."KV JCU RQUVGF URGGF NKOKVU

QP VJG 9KNNKCOUDWTI $TKFIG CRRTQCEJ CPF QVJGT

UGNGEVGF UKVGU YJGTG VJG GOGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI

FKUVCPEG KU PQV UWHHKEKGPV HQT VTCKPU VTCXGNKPI CV

OCZKOWO CVVCKPCDNG URGGF0" 6JG VTCPUKV EQO/

RCP[ JCU CNUQ TGVCTFGF VJG CEEGNGTCVKQP ECRC/

DKNKV[ QH UGXGTCN QH KVU PGYGT." OQTG RQYGTHWN

ECT OQFGNU0" #NVJQWIJ VJG EQORCP[ KPVGPFU VQ

KPUVCNN EQORWVGT/DCUGF UKIPCNKPI." YJKEJ QHHGTU

VJG OQUV GHHGEVKXG UCHGIWCTF CICKPUV QRGTCVQT

GTTQT."QP VJG GPVKTG 0;%6 U[UVGO."VJKU RTQLGEV

YKNN PQV DG EQORNGVGF HQT"72"[GCTU0

6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF CEMPQYNGFIGU VJG GHHQTVU

QH VJG 0;%6 VQ KORTQXG KVU U[UVGO DWV DGNKGXGU

VJCV VJGUG EJCPIGU PGKVJGT IWCTCPVGG VJCV CP

CEEKFGPV ECWUGF D[ QRGTCVQT GTTQT YKNN PQV

QEEWT PQT TGHNGEV GXGT[VJKPI VJCV VJG 0;%6 ECP

FQ VQ OCZKOK\G UCHGV[0

6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF EQPUKFGTGF C PWODGT QH

OGCUWTGU."YJKEJ GKVJGT CNQPG QT KP EQODKPCVKQP

YKVJ GCEJ QVJGT." YQWNF RTGXGPV TGCT/EQNNKUKQPU

QP VJG 0;%6 UKIPCN U[UVGO0"(QT GZCORNG."VJG

$QCTF JCU NQPI DGGP CP CFXQECVG QH VTCKP

EQPVTQN U[UVGOU CPF JCU KPENWFGF RQUKVKXG VTCKP

UGRCTCVKQP" *265+" QP KVU NKUV QH K/QUV 9CPVGF

6TCPURQTVCVKQP 5CHGV[ +ORTQXGOGPVU0L 6JG

265 U[UVGO RTQXKFGU CP CWVQOCVKE OGCPU QH

DCEMKPI WR VJG VTCKP QRGTCVQTIU CEVKQPU D[

OQPKVQTKPI VJG RGTHQTOCPEG QH QRGTCVQT CPF

VTCKP YJGP CRRTQCEJKPI VJG NKOKVU QH C UKIPCN QT

URGGF TGUVTKEVKQP0" 5JQWNF VJG QRGTCVQT QT VJG

VTCKP HCKN VQ CRRN[ VJG RTQRGT DTCMG CEVKQP."VJG

265 U[UVGO YKNN CUUWOG EQPVTQN."CWVQOCVKECNN[

CRRN[ VJG DTCMGU."CPF UVQR VJG VTCKP0

6JG 9KNNKCOUDWTI $TKFIG CEEKFGPV OCTMGF

VJG UGEQPF VKOG KP"6"OQPVJU VJCV VJG CWVQOCVKE

UVQR CTO HCKNGF VQ RTGXGPV C TGCT/GPF EQNNKUKQP

QP VJG 0;%6 U[UVGO0"+P VJG (GDTWCT[";."3;;7.

CEEKFGPV KP $TQQMN[P." VJG 5CHGV[ $QCTF HQWPF

VJCV VJG CWVQOCVKE UVQR CTO FKF PQV RTGXGPV VJG
58

UVTKMKPI VTCKP HTQO GPVGTKPI C TGUVTKEVGF DNQEM0

#U C TGUWNV QH KVU KPXGUVKICVKQP QH VJG $TQQMN[P

CEEKFGPV."VJG 5CHGV[ $QCTF KUUWGF VJG HQNNQYKPI

TGEQOOGPFCVKQP VQ VJG 0;%6<

4/;8/33

+PENWFG QXGTURGGF RTQVGEVKQP CPF RQUK/

VKXG VTCKP UGRCTCVKQP KP VJG OQFGTP/

K\CVKQP QH VJG UKIPCN U[UVGO0

+P C NGVVGT FCVGF /C[" 44." 3;;8." CPF KP

KPVGTXKGYU EQPFWEVGF CU RCTV QH VJG 9KNNKCOU/

DWTI $TKFIG CEEKFGPV KPXGUVKICVKQP." 0;%6

QHHKEKCNU TGRQTVGF VJCV VJG VTCPUKV EQORCP[ KU

EWTTGPVN[ KPUVCNNKPI C RKNQV VTCPURQPFGT RTQLGEV

QP VJG 4QEMCYC[ NKPG."YJKEJ KU UEJGFWNGF VQ DG

EQORNGVGF D[ VJG GPF QH"3;;90"# VTCPURQPFGT KU

C FKIKVCN TCFKQ FGXKEG RNCEGF KP VJG TCKN QT QP

VJG YC[UKFG0" 9JGP C VTCKP GSWKRRGF YKVJ C

EQORCPKQP FGXKEG." ECNNGF CP KPVGTTQICVQT.

RCUUGU D[ VJG VTCPURQPFGT." VJG OGEJCPKUO

RTQXKFGU KPHQTOCVKQP CDQWV VJG KFGPVKHKECVKQP.

NQECVKQP." CPF QRGTCVKPI URGGF QH VJG VTCKP0

5JQWNF VJG VTCKP DG VTCXGNKPI VQQ HCUV HQT

EQPFKVKQPU CPF1QT VTCHHKE." VJG VTCPURQPFGT YKNN

ECWUG VJG VTCKP VQ UNQY VQ VJG RTQRGT URGGF0

1HHKEKCNU KPFKECVGF VJCV VJG VTCPUKV EQORCP[

KPVGPFU KPKVKCNN[ VQ WUG VJG 4QEMCYC[ RTQLGEV VQ

ICVJGT FCVC KP QTFGT VQ FGVGTOKPG VJG HGCUKDKNKV[

QH KPUVCNNKPI VTCPURQPFGTU KP QVJGT CTGCU QH VJG

0;%6 U[UVGO0

6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF KU RNGCUGF VJCV VJG 0;%6

KU VCMKPI RQUKVKXG CEVKQP QP VJKU TGEQO/

OGPFCVKQP0"*QYGXGT."VJG VTCPURQPFGT RTQLGEV KU

C HWVWTG RTQITCO VJCV KU NKOKVGF KP UEQRG."YJKEJ

FQGU PQV UQNXG VJG 0;%6IU KOOGFKCVG U[UVGO/

YKFG RTQDNGO QH PQV DGKPI CDNG VQ RTGXGPV TGCT/

GPF EQNNKUKQPU ECWUGF D[ QRGTCVQT GTTQT0"/QTG/

QXGT."VJG 5CHGV[ $QCTF DGNKGXGU VJCV C PWODGT

QH EJCPIGU EQWNF PQY DG OCFG VQ VJG 0;%6

UKIPCN U[UVGO VQ RTGXGPV UWEJ CEEKFGPVU.

KPENWFKPI UQOG QH VJG HQNNQYKPI OGCUWTGU<

• 4GOQXG CPF1QT TGURCEG UKIPCNU=

• .GPIVJGP VJG EQPVTQN NKPG=

• 5GV URGGF NKOKVU="CPF

• %QPXGTV CWVQOCVKE UKIPCNU VQ ITCFG

VKOG UKIPCNU0

+P C RTQRGTN[ FGUKIPGF UKIPCN U[UVGO YKVJ

#65." VJG YC[UKFG UKIPCNU CTG UQ URCEGF VJCV

YJGP C VTCKP VTCXGNKPI CV OCZKOWO URGGF

RCUUGU C TGF UKIPCN."VJG XGJKENG KU DTQWIJV VQ C

UVQR YKVJKP VJG DNQEM CHVGT JCXKPI KVU GOGT/

IGPE[ DTCMKPI VTKRRGF0"6JTQWIJQWV VJG 0;%6

U[UVGO."VJG URCEKPI DGVYGGP CWVQOCVKE UKIPCNU

FQGU PQV RTQXKFG UWHHKEKGPV GOGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI

FKUVCPEG HQT OQUV 0;%6 VTCKPU VTCXGNKPI CV

OCZKOWO CVVCKPCDNG URGGF0"9GTG VJG 0;%6 VQ

TGOQXG GXGT[ QVJGT UKIPCN CPF1QT TGUKVG YC[/

UKFG UKIPCNU." KV EQWNF RTQXKFG VJG FKUVCPEG

PGGFGF HQT GOGTIGPE[ DTCMKPI0" +H VJG VTCPUKV

EQORCP[ YCU EQPEGTPGF CDQWV VJG EQUVU QH

TGUKVKPI VJG UKIPCNU." KV EQWNF CEJKGXG NQPIGT

DNQEMU CPF EQPUGSWGPVN[ ITGCVGT UVQRRKPI

FKUVCPEG D[ FGCEVKXCVKPI GXGT[ QVJGT UKIPCN0

#PQVJGT YC[ VQ GPUWTG VJCV C VTCKNKPI VTCKP

YKNN PQV UVTKMG VJG VTCKP CJGCF QH KV KU VQ KPETGCUG

VJG NGPIVJ QH VJG EQPVTQN NKPG0" 6JG 0;%6

IGPGTCNN[ WUGU C VYQ/DNQEM EQPVTQN NKPG KP

YC[UKFG CTGCU." KP YJKEJ VJG UKIPCNU KP VYQ

DNQEMU FKURNC[ C TGF UVQR KPFKECVKQP0" 6JG

YC[UKFG CWVQOCVKE UVQR CTO KU KP VJG WRTKIJV

VTKIIGT RQUKVKQP QPN[ KP VJG HKTUV TGUVTKEVGF

DNQEM0"9GTG VJG 0;%6 VQ KPETGCUG KVU EQPVTQN

NKPG VQ VJTGG DNQEMU."CP GTTCPV XGJKENG VTCXGNKPI

CV HCUV URGGF YQWNF JCXG VJG FKUVCPEG KP VYQ

DNQEMU HQT GOGTIGPE[ UVQRRKPI0" 6JG 0;%6

EQWNF RTQITCO VJG CWVQOCVKE UVQR CTOU KP VJG

HKTUV VYQ DNQEMU VQ DG KP VJG WRTKIJV RQUKVKQP

YJGP VJGKT EQORCPKQP UKIPCNU YGTG TGF HQT CP

GZVTC OCTIKP QH UCHGV[0

6JG 0;%6 EQWNF KORQUG CFFKVKQPCN URGGF

TGUVTKEVKQPU VQ KORTQXG UCHG VTCPUKV0" #HVGT VJG

9KNNKCOUDWTI $TKFIG CEEKFGPV." VJG VTCPUKV

EQORCP[ RQUVGF URGGF UKIPU KP UGNGEVGF CTGCU0

6JKU OGCUWTG FQGU PQV MGGR VTCKP JCPFNGTU HTQO

QRGTCVKPI CU HCUV CU VJG VTCKP ECP VTCXGN KP QVJGT

CTGCU." YJKEJ TGSWKTGU VJGO VQ OCMG

CFLWUVOGPVU YJGP VJG[ GPEQWPVGT VTCKPU VJCV CTG

UNQYKPI HQT VTCHHKE QT UVCVKQPU CJGCF0"9GTG VJG

0;%6 VQ KORQUG C NQYGT OCZKOWO URGGF NKOKV

QP KVU GPVKTG U[UVGO." KV OKIJV UQOGYJCV

GNKOKPCVG VJG VGPFGPE[ QH XGJKENGU QP C NKPG VQ

DWPEJ0
59

4GICTFNGUU QH YJGVJGT VJG 0;%6 FQGU QT

FQGU PQV GUVCDNKUJ C OCZKOWO URGGF NKOKV QP KVU

GPVKTG U[UVGO." VJG 5CHGV[ $QCTF DGNKGXGU VJCV

VJG VTCPUKV EQORCP[ UJQWNF EJCPIG KVU QRGTCVKPI

TWNGU IQXGTPKPI OQXGOGPV WPFGT CRRTQCEJ

UKIPCN CURGEVU0"6JG GORNQ[GG QRGTCVKPI OCPWCN

CV 4WNG"7;"*D+"KPFKECVGU VJCV WRQP GPEQWPVGTKPI

C [GNNQY UKIPCN CURGEV."VJG VTCKP QRGTCVQT KU VQ

K2TQEGGF YKVJ ECWVKQP." DG RTGRCTGF VQ UVQR0L

6JG OCPWCN FQGU PQV UVKRWNCVG VJCV C VTCKP

QRGTCVQT UJQWNF UNQY FQYP QT UJQWNF PQV

GZEGGF C IKXGP URGGF YJGP QRGTCVKPI WPFGT C

[GNNQY CURGEV0"#U C TGUWNV."VTCKP QRGTCVQTU ECP

QRGTCVG CV OCZKOWO URGGF YJGP WPFGT C

ECWVKQP KPFKECVKQP0" 6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF DGNKGXGU

VJCV VJG 0;%6 UJQWNF EJCPIG KVU QRGTCVKPI

TWNGU VQ TGUVTKEV VTCKP OQXGOGPV WPFGT C [GNNQY

CURGEV VQ C URGEKHKE OCZKOWO URGGF VJCV KU

CRRTQRTKCVG HQT CNN TCKN EQPFKVKQPU0

#PQVJGT OGVJQF QH EQPVTQNNKPI VTCKP URGGF

CPF VJGTGD[ OCMKPI VJG UKIPCN U[UVGO FGUKIP

UCHGT KU VQ EQPXGTV CWVQOCVKE UKIPCNU VQ VKOG

UKIPCNU0"/QUV QH VJG 0;%6 U[UVGO KU YKTGF HQT

CWVQOCVKE OQXGOGPV0"#P CWVQOCVKE UKIPCN FKU/

RNC[U C TGUVTKEVKXG KPFKECVKQP QPN[ YJGP VJG

DNQEM CJGCF KU QEEWRKGF0"+P CP CWVQOCVKE UKIPCN

U[UVGO." VJGTGHQTG." KH VTCKP QRGTCVQTU JCXG PQ

VTCKPU CJGCF QH VJGO."CNN UKIPCNU YKNN DG ITGGP.

CPF VJG[ ECP OQXG CU HCUV CU VJGKT VTCKPU CTG

ECRCDNG QH VTCXGNKPI0" +P C U[UVGO WUKPI VKOG

UKIPCNU."DNQEM UKIPCNU FKURNC[ TGUVTKEVGF KPFKEC/

VKQPU VJCV ENGCT VQ [GNNQY QT ITGGP CHVGT C URGEK/

HKGF VKOG RGTKQF CU VTCKPU CRRTQCEJ0" 6KOG

UKIPCNU UGTXG VQ GPHQTEG C URGGF NKOKV DGECWUG C

VTCKP QRGTCVQT YJQ KU VTCXGNKPI HCUVGT VJCP VJG

RTQITCOOGF VKOG" *VJG GUVCDNKUJGF URGGF NKOKV

HQT CP CTGC+"CPF YJQ GPVGTU C DNQEM DGHQTG KVU

UKIPCN ENGCTU TKUMU VTKRRKPI VJG CWVQOCVKE UVQR

CTO."YJKEJ YKNN CEVKXCVG VJG VTCKPIU GOGTIGPE[

DTCMKPI0

6JG 0;%6 QHHKEKCNU EJCTCEVGTK\G VJGKT

U[UVGO CU UCHG YJGP VJGKT VTCKP QRGTCVQTU EQO/

RN[ YKVJ VJG QRGTCVKPI TWNGU0"6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF

UVTQPIN[ DGNKGXGU VJCV VJG 0;%6IU RTCEVKEG QH

TGN[KPI QP QRGTCVQT EQORNKCPEG VQ GPUWTG VJG

UCHGV[ QP KVU U[UVGO KU PQV CFGSWCVG0"6QQ OCP[

HCEVQTU CV CPF1QT QWVUKFG VJG YQTMRNCEG ECP

CHHGEV JWOCP RGTHQTOCPEG0"+P VJG 9KNNKCOUDWTI

$TKFIG CEEKFGPV." 3" RGTUQP YCU MKNNGF CPF" 86

RGQRNG UWUVCKPGF KPLWTKGU TGSWKTKPI VTGCVOGPV CV

CTGC JQURKVCNU0"1VJGT RGQRNG QP DQCTF VJG VYQ

VTCKPU YGTG KPLWTGF DWV GNGEVGF VQ DG VTGCVGF QP

UEGPG D[ OGFKEU TCVJGT VJCP IQ VQ VJG JQURKVCN0

+P VJG"7"[GCTU DGHQTG VJKU CEEKFGPV."VJG 0;%6

JCF UGXGP QRGTCVQT/GTTQT CEEKFGPVU KP YJKEJ C

VQVCN QH"7"RGQRNG YGTG MKNNGF CPF OQTG VJCP"522

RGQRNG YGTG KPLWTGF0" 6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF

EQPENWFGU VJCV VJG EWTTGPV FGUKIP QH VJG 0;%6

UKIPCN U[UVGO FQGU PQV RTQXKFG UWHHKEKGPV

UCHGIWCTFU CICKPUV CEEKFGPVU ECWUGF D[ QRGTCVQT

GTTQT0" #EEQTFKPIN[." VJG 5CHGV[ $QCTF DGNKGXGU

VJCV VJG 0;%6 PGGFU VQ KFGPVKH[ VJQUG CTGCU QP

KVU U[UVGO VJCV FQ PQV JCXG UWHHKEKGPV DTCMKPI

FKUVCPEG HQT VTCKPU VTCXGNKPI CV OCZKOWO

CVVCKPCDNG URGGF CPF GPCEV EJCPIGU VJCV YKNN

GPUWTG TGCT/GPF EQNNKUKQPU YKNN DG RTGXGPVGF0

Crashworthiness

+P VJKU CEEKFGPV."VJG , VTCKP YCU VTCXGNKPI QP

VCPIGPV VTCEM CV CP GUVKOCVGF URGGF QH"3:"ORJ

YJGP KV UVTWEM VJG / VTCKP0"%QNNKUKQP HQTEGU QP

VCPIGPV VTCEM CTG UWDUVCPVKCNN[ NKPGCT CPF

PQTOCNN[ CDUQTDGF KPVQ VJG ECTDQF[ GPF/

UVTWEVWTGU." TGUWNVKPI KP EQORTGUUKXG EQNNCRUG

CPF ETWUJ \QPG KPVTWUKQP0"+P DQVJ V[RG ECTU."VJG

GPF CPF EQTPGT RQUVU UWEEGUUHWNN[ OKPKOK\GF

ECTDQF[ VGNGUEQRKPI CPF TGUKUVGF RTQITGUUKXG

ETWUJ CU VJG RQUVU RWNNGF VJG TQQH CPF HNQQT

UVTWEVWTGU VQIGVJGT KP CP KPYCTF HQNFKPI CEVKQP0

&WTKPI RQUVCEEKFGPV GZCOKPCVKQP QH VJG

YTGEMCIG."5CHGV[ $QCTF KPXGUVKICVQTU PQVGF VJCV

VJG TGCT ECT QH VJG / VTCKP."6886." JCF TCKUGF

CPF UGRCTCVGF HTQO KVU VTWEM CUUGODN[ UWEJ VJCV

KV YCU GNGXCVGF UNKIJVN[ CDQXG VJG CPVK/ENKODGT

QH VJG , VTCKPIU NGCF ECT."66830" (WTVJGT." VJG ,

VTCKPIU NGCF ECT JCF VGNGUEQRGF UNKIJVN[ KPVQ ECT

68860" &WTKPI C TGCT/GPF KORCEV." VJG CPVK/

ENKODGTU QP VJG XGJKENGU UJQWNF NQEM KP RNCEG

CPF RTGXGPV QPG ECT HTQO RGPGVTCVKPI." QT

VGNGUEQRKPI."KPVQ VJG QVJGT0"9JGP CPVK/ENKODGTU

HCKN CPF VGNGUEQRKPI FQGU QEEWT." V[RKECNN[ VJG

COQWPV QH DQF[ ETWUJ VQ VJG CEEKFGPV XGJKENGU

KU FKURTQRQTVKQPCVG0"+P VJKU CEEKFGPV."VJG COQWPV
5:

QH ECTDQF[ ETWUJ VQ WPKVU"6886" CPF"6683" YCU

RTQITGUUKXG." CDQWV GSWCN." CPF NKOKVGF VQ VJG

GPFU OCMKPI EQPVCEV." OGCPKPI VJCV VJG CPVK/

ENKODGTU FKF PQV EQORNGVGN[ HCKN." DWV VJCV VJG

UVTWEVWTCN UVTGPIVJ QH VJGKT HNCPIGU YCU

GZEGGFGF DGECWUG QH VJG EQORCTCVKXGN[ JKIJ

KORCEV HQTEGU VJCV YGTG GZGTVGF QP VJG ECTDQF[

GPF UVTWEVWTGU0"6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF EQPENWFGU VJCV

VJG ECTDQF[/GPF UVTWEVWTG YCU UWHHKEKGPVN[

GHHGEVKXG." IKXGP VJG GUVKOCVGF EQNNKUKQP URGGF

CPF VJG COQWPV QH VGNGUEQRKPI FCOCIG0

1P VJG / VTCKP."34"RCUUGPIGTU CPF"4"ETGY/

OGODGTU UWHHGTGF OKPQT KPLWTKGU V[RKECN QH VJG

V[RGU UWUVCKPGF D[ UVCPFKPI RGQRNG YJGP VJG[

CTG VJTQYP VQ VJG HNQQT CPF D[ UGCVGF RGQRNG

YJGP VJG[ CTG RKVEJGF TGCTYCTF CICKPUV JCTF

QDUVCENGU FWTKPI C NQY/URGGF." TGCT/KORCEV

EQNNKUKQP0" 0Q QPG YCU KP VJG KPVTWUKQP ETWUJ

\QPG CV VJG VKOG QH KORCEV0

1P VJG , VTCKP." VJG VTCKP QRGTCVQT YCU

HCVCNN[ KPLWTGF CU C TGUWNV QH VJG KPVTWUKQP QH VJG

/ VTCKP ECTDQF[." YJKEJ VQVCNN[ ETWUJGF VJG

QRGTCVQT ECD." NGCXKPI PQ UWTXKXCN URCEG0" 6YQ

RCUUGPIGTU UVCPFKPI DGJKPF VJG QRGTCVQTIU ECD.

YJGTG EQNNKUKQP HQTEGU YGTG JKIJGT." UWUVCKPGF

UGTKQWU KPLWTKGU0" # VQVCN QH" 72" RCUUGPIGTU

UWHHGTGF OKPQT KPLWTKGU CPF1QT NCEGTCVKQPU

V[RKECNN[ UWUVCKPGF D[ RGQRNG YJGP VJG[ UVTKMG

JCTF UWTHCEGU QT UJCTR QDLGEVU0

Emergency Response

6JG CEEKFGPV YCU TGRQTVGF VQ VJG RQNKEG";33

FKURCVEJGT CV" 8<39" C0O0." 7" OKPWVGU CHVGT VJG

EQNNKUKQP QEEWTTGF0"4GUEWG WPKVU YGTG QP UEGPG

D[" 8<44" C0O0" CPF VJG HKTUV NKHG UWRRQTV

CODWNCPEG CTTKXGF UJQTVN[ VJGTGCHVGT0" 6TCPUKV

EQORCP[ RGTUQPPGN YGTG TGCFKN[ CDNG VQ WUJGT

RCUUGPIGTU YJQ YGTG PQV KPLWTGF QT YJQ FKF

PQV JCXG UGTKQWU KPLWTKGU HTQO VJG ECTU0

/QTGQXGT." TGURQPFGTU YGTG TGCFKN[ CDNG VQ

GZVTKECVG VJG OQTG UGTKQWUN[ KPLWTGF HTQO VJG

XGJKENGU0"# VQVCN QH"69"CODWNCPEGU CPF C VTCPUKV

DWU YGTG WUGF VQ VTCPURQTV VJG"77"KPLWTGF VQ"33

CTGC JQURKVCNU0"6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF EQPENWFGU VJCV

NQECN GOGTIGPE[ TGURQPUG RGTUQPPGN TGCEVGF

RTQORVN[ VQ CPF CEVGF GHHGEVKXGN[ CV VJG

CEEKFGPV UKVG0"(WTVJGT."VJG FGUKIP QH VJG 0;%6

ECTU RTQXKFGU UWHHKEKGPV GITGUU KP VJG GXGPV QH

CP GOGTIGPE[0

Adequacy of PTSB Oversight

6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF JCU NQPI CFXQECVGF VJCV

QXGTUKIJV TGURQPUKDKNKV[ RTQRGTN[ TGUKFGU YKVJ

VJG 5VCVG CPF NQECN CWVJQTKVKGU CPF JCU RQKPVGF

VQ VJG 0GY ;QTM 5VCVG 265$ CU C OQFGN

RTQITCO0" 6JG $QCTF KU EQPEGTPGF." JQYGXGT.

VJCV 265$ OC[ PQV JCXG UWHHKEKGPV TGUQWTEGU VQ

QXGTUGG VJG NCTIG."QNF."CPF EQORNGZ U[UVGO QH

VJG 0;%60"$GECWUG VJG (6# JCU EQORNGVGF KVU

TWNGOCMKPI QP 5VCVG QXGTUKIJV." VJG 5CHGV[

$QCTF JCU EQTTGURQPFGF YKVJ GCEJ 5VCVG KP

YJKEJ C TCKN TCRKF VTCPUKV U[UVGO QRGTCVGU VQ

FGVGTOKPG JQY VJG KPVGPV QH VJG (6#IU

TWNGOCMKPI YKNN DG CEEQORNKUJGF0" 6JG 5CHGV[

$QCTF YKNN HQNNQY WR YKVJ VJG 5VCVG QH 0GY

;QTM KP 5CHGV[ 4GEQOOGPFCVKQP 4/;3/59" VQ

FGVGTOKPG KH VJG 265$ JCU UWHHKEKGPV TGUQWTEGU

VQ HWNHKNN KVU OCPFCVG0
5;

CONCLUSIONS

Findings

30 (CEVQTU TGNCVGF VQ VJG YGCVJGT."VJG VTCKP

GSWKROGPV."VJG VTCEM." CPF VJG QRGTCVKQP QH VJG

UKIPCN U[UVGO PGKVJGT ECWUGF QT EQPVTKDWVGF VQ

VJG CEEKFGPV0"6QZKEQNQIKECN VGUVU HQT CNEQJQN CPF

FTWIU YGTG PGICVKXG0" 6JG QRGTCVQT QH VJG ,

VTCKP YCU KP IQQF JGCNVJ CPF YCU CP GZRGTKGPEGF

CPF SWCNKHKGF 0;%6 VTCKP JCPFNGT0

40 6JG , VTCKP QRGTCVQT HCKNGF VQ VCMG

CEVKQP VQ UVQR JKU VTCKP QP VJG 9KNNKCOUDWTI

$TKFIG DGECWUG JG YCU CUNGGR0

50 6JG 0;%6 QRGTCVKPI OCPWCN CV 4WNG

62" *O+." YJKEJ UVKRWNCVGU VJCV VTCKP QRGTCVQTU

OWUV KOOGFKCVGN[ PQVKH[ VJG EQOOCPF EGPVGT

YJGP VJG[ CTG UVQRRGF CV TGF UKIPCNU."KU QHVGP

OKUKPVGTRTGVGF D[ GORNQ[GGU CPF KU VJGTGHQTG

KPEQPUKUVGPV YKVJ 0;%6)U CEVWCN OQFG QH

QRGTCVKQP0

60 *CF VJG / VTCKP QRGTCVQT QT QPG QH VJG

VTCKP QRGTCVQTU CJGCF QH JKO TCFKQGF VJG

EQOOCPF EGPVGT VQ TGRQTV DGKPI UVQRRGF CV VJG

TGF UKIPCNU CU VJG[ YGTG TGSWKTGF VQ FQ." CPF

JCF VJG EQOOCPF EGPVGT RGTUQPPGN TGNC[GF VJKU

KPHQTOCVKQP VQ VJG QRGTCVQT QH VJG , VTCKP." JG

OC[ DGGP CNGTVGF KP VKOG VQ UVQR JKU VTCKP0

70 *CF VJG , VTCKP QRGTCVQT CRRNKGF VJG

GOGTIGPE[ DTCMG CV VJG ,4/34:"UKIPCN."JG YQWNF

PQV JCXG DGGP CDNG VQ UVQR JKU VTCKP DGHQTG KV

GPVGTGF VJG QEEWRKGF DNQEM CJGCF." IKXGP VJG

URGGF CV YJKEJ JG YCU VTCXGNKPI0

80 6JG EWTTGPV FGUKIP QH VJG 0;%6 UKIPCN

U[UVGO FQGU PQV RTQXKFG UWHHKEKGPV UCHGIWCTFU

CICKPUV CEEKFGPVU ECWUGF D[ QRGTCVQT GTTQT0

90 6JG GHHGEVKXGPGUU QH VJG ECTDQF[/GPF

UVTWEVWTG RQUV YCU TGCUQPCDNG." IKXGP VJG

GUVKOCVGF EQNNKUKQP URGGF CPF VJG COQWPV QH

VGNGUEQRKPI FCOCIG0

:0 .QECN GOGTIGPE[ TGURQPUG RGTUQPPGN

TGCEVGF RTQORVN[ VQ CPF CEVGF GHHGEVKXGN[ CV VJG

CEEKFGPV UKVG0

;0 6JG FGUKIP QH VJG 0;%6 ECTU RTQXKFGU

UWHHKEKGPV GITGUU KP VJG GXGPV QH CP GOGTIGPE[0

Probable Cause

6JG 0CVKQPCN 6TCPURQTVCVKQP 5CHGV[ $QCTF

FGVGTOKPGU VJCV VJG RTQDCDNG ECWUG QH VJKU

CEEKFGPV YCU VJG HCKNWTG QH VJG , VTCKP QRGTCVQT VQ

EQORN[ YKVJ VJG UVQR KPFKECVKQP DGECWUG JG YCU

CUNGGR CPF VJG HCKNWTG QH VJG VTCKP VQ UVQR YKVJKP

VJG DNQEM DGECWUG QH KPCFGSWCVG DTCMKPI FKUVCPEG

DGVYGGP UKIPCNU QP VJG 9KNNKCOUDWTI $TKFIG0

%QPVTKDWVKPI VQ VJG CEEKFGPV YGTG VJG 0GY ;QTM

%KV[ 6TCPUKVIU KPCFGSWCVG OGCUWTGU HQT GPUWTKPI

GORNQ[GG EQORNKCPEG YKVJ RTQRGT TCFKQ

RTQEGFWTGU0
62

6Q VJG (GFGTCN 6TCPUKV #FOKPKUVTCVKQP<

+P EQQRGTCVKQP YKVJ VJG #OGTKECP

2WDNKE 6TCPUKV #UUQEKCVKQP." FGXGNQR C

HCVKIWG GFWECVKQPCN CYCTGPGUU RTQITCO

CPF FKUVTKDWVG KV VQ VTCPUKV CIGPEKGU VQ

WUG KP VJGKT HKVPGUU/HQT/FWV[ VTCKPKPI HQT

UWRGTXKUQTU CPF GORNQ[GGU KPXQNXGF KP

UCHGV[/UGPUKVKXG RQUKVKQPU0" *%NCUU ++.

2TKQTKV[ #EVKQP+"*4/;8/42+

6Q VJG #OGTKECP 2WDNKE 6TCPUKV #UUQEKCVKQP<

#UUKUV VJG (GFGTCN 6TCPUKV #FOKP/

KUVTCVKQP KP FGXGNQRKPI C HCVKIWG GFWEC/

VKQPCN CYCTGPGUU RTQITCO HQT VTCPUKV

CIGPEKGU VQ WUG KP VJGKT HKVPGUU/HQT/FWV[

VTCKPKPI HQT UWRGTXKUQTU CPF GORNQ[GGU

KPXQNXGF KP UCHGV[/UGPUKVKXG RQUKVKQPU0

*%NCUU ++."2TKQTKV[ #EVKQP+"*4/;8/43+

6Q 0GY ;QTM %KV[ 6TCPUKV<

&GXGNQR CPF FKUUGOKPCVG C VTCKPKPI CPF

GFWECVKQP OQFWNG VQ KPHQTO VTCKP

QRGTCVQTU CPF QVJGT GORNQ[GGU KPXQNXGF

KP UCHGV[/UGPUKVKXG RQUKVKQPU CDQWV VJG

JC\CTFU QH RGTHQTOKPI VJGKT FWVKGU

YJKNG HCVKIWGF0" *%NCUU ++." 2TKQTKV[

#EVKQP+"*4/;8/44+

%NCTKH[ 4WNG"62"*O+"VQ GPUWTG VJCV VJG

TGSWKTGOGPV HQT VTCKP QRGTCVQTU VQ

PQVKH[ VJG EQOOCPF EGPVGT YJGP VJG[

CTG UVQRRGF CV C TGF UKIPCN KU KPFG/

RGPFGPV QH VJG RTQEGFWTGU HQT MG[KPI

D[ C TGF UKIPCN0" *%NCUU ++." 2TKQTKV[

#EVKQP+"*4/;8/45+

'PUWTG VJTQWIJ VTCKPKPI." TGVTCKPKPI.

CPF VGUVKPI VJCV GORNQ[GGU WPFGTUVCPF

CPF EQPUKUVGPVN[ CFJGTG VQ VJG QRGTCVKPI

RTQEGFWTG CV 4WNG"62"*O+"TGSWKTKPI VJCV

VJG[ KOOGFKCVGN[ EQPVCEV VJG EQOOCPF

EGPVGT YJGP VJG[ UVQR VJGKT VTCKP CV C

TGF CWVQOCVKE UKIPCN0"*%NCUU ++."2TKQTKV[

#EVKQP+"*4/;8/46+

+FGPVKH[ VJQUG CTGCU QP [QWT U[UVGO VJCV

JCXG KPUWHHKEKGPV DTCMKPI FKUVCPEG HQT

VTCKPU VTCXGNKPI CV OCZKOWO CVVCKPCDNG

URGGF CPF KORNGOGPV CRRTQRTKCVG

EJCPIGU VQ RTGXGPV TGCT/GPF EQNNKUKQPU

ECWUGF D[ QRGTCVQT GTTQT0" *%NCUU ++.

2TKQTKV[ #EVKQP+"*4/;8/47+

BY THE NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD

JAMES E. HALL

Chairman

ROBERT T. FRANCIS II

Vice Chairman

JOHN A. HAMMERSCHMIDT

Member

JOHN J. GOGLIA

Member

GEORGE W. BLACK, JR.

Member

5GRVGODGT"6."3;;8

RECOMMENDATIONS
63

APPENDIX A

Investigation and Hearing

6JG 5CHGV[ $QCTF YCU PQVKHKGF D[ 0GY ;QTM

%KV[ 6TCPUKV CV" ;" C0O0" QP ,WPG" 7." 3;;7." QH C

TGCT/GPF EQNNKUKQP DGVYGGP VYQ QH KVU UWDYC[

VTCKPU QP VJG 9KNNKCOUDWTI $TKFIG KP $TQQMN[P.

0GY ;QTM0"6JG $QCTF NCWPEJGF C OCLQT TCKNTQCF

CEEKFGPV KPXGUVKICVKQP VGCO." YJKEJ YCU CEEQO/

RCPKGF D[ $QCTF %JCKTOCP ,KO *CNN CPF C

TGRTGUGPVCVKXG QH RWDNKE CHHCKTU0" 6JG QP/UEGPG

VGCO HQTOGF ITQWRU VQ KPXGUVKICVG VJG VTCEM.

UKIPCNU." QRGTCVKQPU." OGEJCPKECN." JWOCP RGTHQT/

OCPEG."CPF UWTXKXCN HCEVQTU0

6JG 1HHKEG QH VJG +PURGEVQT )GPGTCN"*/6#+.

0GY ;QTM 5VCVG 2WDNKE 6TCPURQTVCVKQP 5CHGV[

$QCTF."0GY ;QTM %KV[ 6TCPUKV."0GY ;QTM %KV[

6TCPUKV 2QNKEG."0GY ;QTM %KV[ (KTG &GRCTVOGPV.

0GY ;QTM %KV[ 2QNKEG &GRCTVOGPV."CPF VJG 0GY

;QTM %KV[ 'OGTIGPE[ /GFKECN 5GTXKEG CUUKUVGF

KP VJG 5CHGV[ $QCTF KPXGUVKICVKQP

#U RCTV QH KVU KPXGUVKICVKQP."VJG 5CHGV[ $QCTF

JGNF C" 4/FC[ RWDNKE JGCTKPI CV VJG $QTQWIJ QH

/CPJCVVCP %QOOWPKV[ %QNNGIG KP 0GY ;QTM

%KV[." 0GY ;QTM." QP 0QXGODGT" 4;/52." 3;;70

2CTVKGU VQ VJG JGCTKPI KPENWFGF VJG (GFGTCN 6TCP/

UKV #FOKPKUVTCVKQP."VJG 0GY ;QTM %KV[ 6TCPUKV.

VJG 0GY ;QTM 5VCVG 2WDNKE 6TCPURQTVCVKQP 5CHGV[

$QCTF."VJG #OGTKECP 2WDNKE 6TCPUKV #UUQEKCVKQP.

CPF VJG 6TCPUKV 9QTMGTU 7PKQP QH #OGTKEC

#(./%+10"6YGNXG YKVPGUUGU VGUVKHKGF0

65

APPENDIX B

Personnel Information

, 6TCKP %QPFWEVQT G 6JG , VTCKP

EQPFWEVQT."67."DGICP YQTM YKVJ VJG 0;%6 CU C

EQPFWEVQT KP"3;9;0"*G RCUUGF JKU NCUV RGTKQFKE

OGFKECN GZCOKPCVKQP QP 5GRVGODGT":."3;;60"*G

JCF"43"TGEQTFU KP VJG &KXKUKQP QH 4CRKF 6TCPUKV

1RGTCVKQPU &KUEKRNKPCT[ #EVKQP *KUVQT[ FCVC/

DCUG0" &WTKPI VJG NCUV" 7" [GCTU." JG JCF VJTGG

ECUGU QH FKUEKRNKPCT[ CEVKQP RGTVCKPKPI VQ CFOKP/

KUVTCVKXG XKQNCVKQPU." KPENWFKPI WPFQEWOGPVGF

GOGTIGPE[."CDUGPV/YKVJQWV/NGCXG"*#91.+."CPF

NCVG TGRQTV0

/ 6TCKP 1RGTCVQT G 6JG QRGTCVQT QH VJG /

VTCKP." 53." YCU JKTGF CU C EQPFWEVQT D[ VJG

0;%6 QP 0QXGODGT"43."3;::0"*G RCUUGF JKU

NCUV OGFKECN GZCOKPCVKQP QP ,CPWCT["3;."3;;70

*KU NCUV QRGTCVKPI GORNQ[GG GXCNWCVKQP."YJKEJ

YCU EQPFWEVGF QP (GDTWCT[" 4." 3;;7." UJQYU

VJCV JG YCU TCVGF KIQQFL QP VJG OCLQTKV[ QH VJG

GXCNWCVKQP EJGEM NKUV KVGOU CPF KCEEGRVCDNGL QP

VJG TGUV QH VJG KVGOU0" *KU RGTUQPPGN HKNG EQP/

VCKPGF HQWT ECUGU QH FKUEKRNKPCT[ CEVKQP HQT

CFOKPKUVTCVKXG XKQNCVKQPU HQT UWEJ KPHTCEVKQPU CU

#91.." 5KEM CPF PQV JQOG." CPF PQ FQEVQT

NKPGU=" JG JCF PQV TGEGKXGF CP[ FKUEKRNKPCT[

CEVKQPU HQT XKQNCVKQPU QH QRGTCVKPI TWNGU0

/ 6TCKP %QPFWEVQT G 6JG EQPFWEVQT QH

VJG / VTCKP." 5;." YCU JKTGF D[ 0;%6 CU C

EQPFWEVQT KP 5GRVGODGT" 3;;40" *G RCUUGF JKU

NCUV OGFKECN GZCOKPCVKQP QP ,WN["47."3;;60"*KU

NCUV QRGTCVKPI GORNQ[GG GXCNWCVKQP."YJKEJ YCU

EQPFWEVGF QP /C["4."3;;6."UJQYU VJCV JG YCU

TCVGF"$IQQF$"QP CNN EJGEM NKUV KVGOU0"*G JCF PQ

TGEQTFU KP VJG &KXKUKQP QH 4CRKF 6TCPUKV

1RGTCVKQPU"$&KUEKRNKPCT[ #EVKQP *KUVQT[$"FCVC/

DCUG0"*G TGRQTVGF HQT JKU TGIWNCT CUUKIPOGPV QP

,WPG"7."3;;7."CV"7<55"C0O0"CV VJG /GVTQRQNKVCP

#XGPWG UVCVKQP0

45

APPENDIX C

NYCT Bulletin Number 17:93

NEW YOM CITY T~NSIT A WHO~

RAPID TR4NSIT OPEM TIONS

BULLETm

B~ NO.: 17:93 Mrch 4, 1993

TO: ALL EMPLO~

suBJEm: RULE 40~: RR) AUTO~TIC SIGN~

The text of Rule 40(m), concaning “M Automatic Signals, ” in the 1992 revision of the

NYCTA & and ~ is changed to ~ as shown belo”w. All employees should

COHI the last paragraph of this nde in their copy of the tie book.

Rule 40(m) A Train operator must STOP for a RED Auwmatic Signal.

Hdshe must stop fifteen (15) fat short of the signal, or at the ycIlow joint marker plate

on the contxact * protccrion board. Hdshe must N~ MOVE undl the light turns to

YELLOW or G-, UNLESS:

1. ~e signal has an “AK” sign; or

2. The signal is on a storage txack or in a yard; or

3. An employee whom the Train operator KNOWS is an authorized RTO or

El~trica.1 (Signal) employee gives a signal to go ahead which the Ttain operator

KNOWS is meant for him/hq or

4. The Train operator calls the Command Center Desk Supcrinmdcnt by radio and

is told to pti with ~~ SPEED AND EXTREME CAUTION

The Train ~tor must M the Command Center Desk Superintendent

tim~ly via radio. If Command Center does not ackno~edge the

transmission and there is M visible ahead, hdshe must wait NO (2) minutes

before using the wayside teiephone. If after ten (10) mirtu= and there is a train

visible ahead and Command &tcr sdll hss not ~owledd the radio

~on, the Train _ m- then use tie nearestwayside teiephottc.

3&9

~ Ford

~ef T~ ~

Rapid Transit ~

-. .-

Yhotocopy IS 80 percenl of actual size,

69

APPENDIX D

NYCT B Form

Operating Employee Evaluation Check Lists

6JG HQTO QP VJG PGZV RCIG KU VJG GXCNWCVKQP

EJGEM NKUV VJCV 0;%6 UWRGTXKUQTU YGTG WUKPI CV

VJG VKOG QH VJG 9KNNKCOUDWTI $TKFIG CEEKFGPV0

#U C TGUWNV QH C (GDTWCT[";."3;;7."CEEKFGPV KP

YJKEJ CP / NKPG VTCKP UVTWEM VJG TGCT QH C

UVQRRGF $ NKPG VTCKP PGCT VJG";VJ #XGPWG UVCVKQP

KP $TQQMN[P."VJG 0;%6 TGXKUGF VJG HQTOCV QH $

(QTO." CFFKPI URGEKHKE RGTHQTOCPEG TGSWKTG/

OGPVU WPFGT VJG OQTG IGPGTCN ECVGIQTKGU0"6JG

TGXKUGF GXCNWCVKQP HQTO HQNNQYU VJG GCTNKGT

XGTUKQP0
48