UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 

jJUN 0 5 2012 

MEMORANDUM 

OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY 

AND POLLUTION PREVENTION 

SUBJECT: BEAD Chemical Profile for Registration Review: Kresoxim-methyl (129111) 

FROM: Carl Chen, Plant Pathologist ~ ~ 

Biological Analysis Branch If -A l 1 1 J (. . p ~ 

Rafael Prieto, Environmental Prote~~ S'j;;~ialist Science Information and Analysis Branch 

Economic 

John Faulkner, 

Analysis 

Economist 

Branch 

W U) ~ ~~ 

Biological and Economic Analysis Division (7503P) 

THRU: Arnet Jones, Chief /)_ · a, l 

Biological Analysis Branc~ .. v 1 

Diann Sims, Chief 4 

Science Information and Analysis Branch , ,n 

Timothy Kiely, Chief S1 ~ \r-6 Economic Analysis Branch 

Biological and Economic Analys· Division (7503P) 

TO: Katie Weyrauch, Chemical Review Manager 

Risk Management and Implementation Branch 5 

Pesticide Re-evaluation Division (7508P) 

Product Review Panel date: May 23, 2012 

INTRODUCTION 

The purpose of this document is to convey usage information and a broad overview of the pest 

management roles of pesticides that are beginning to undergo registration review. The 
anticipated audience consists of the team of EPA staff currently evaluating the registration status 

of kresoxim-methyl, and eventually the general public. This document builds upon the data 

already provided in the "Usage and Label Use Data Packages" that are also provided to 

Registration Review teams by BEAD. The document is based on information and data available 

to BEAD as of May 2012. 

Kresoxim-methyl is in a group ofQol (Quinone outside Inhibitors) fungicides with a mode of 

action targeting the Quinone 'outer' binding site of the cytochrome bel complex. This systemic 

fungicide also has protective and curative/eradicative effects (BC Agriculture, 2004). Kresoximmethyl is mainly used to control key diseases such as apple scab and powdery mildew. 

COMMON FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION METHODS 

Kresoxim-methyl is formulated as water dispersible granules. 

USE SITES 

Kresoxim-methyl was first registered in September 1998. This fungicide is registered for use on 

both agricultural sites and non-agricultural sites. Pome fruit, grapes, pecans, and cucurbit 

vegetables are main agricultural use sites. Ornamentals in nursery and greenhouses are main 

non-agricultural use sites. 

AGRICULTURAL USAGE 

From 2006-2010, based on private market pesticide usage data, kresoxim-methyl's annual 

agricultural usage averaged 30,000 pounds of active ingredient (A. I.) treating an average of 

250,000 acres. This implies an overall average application rate of0.12lb/acre. 

For the same time period, apples, wine grapes, and raisin grapes accounted for the largest 

percentage of usage in terms of both total pounds of active ingredient applied, and total area 

treated (TAT) as shown in Table 1. 

Table 1. Pounds AI and Total Area Treated (TAT) with Kresoxim-methyl for Highest Use 

Crops 

Crop Pounds AI TAT 

Apples 45% 47% 

Wine Grapes 37% 34% 

Raisin Grapes 10% 10% 
Also during this time period, the states with the most agricultural usage both in terms of pounds 

AI. applied and in terms of Total Area Treated (TAT) are California, and New York. Table 2 

gives a summary of percentages for this chemical's pounds AI. and Total Area Treated (TAT) 

for the years of2006 to 20IO. 

Table 2. Pounds AI and Total Area Treated (TAT) with Kresoxim-methyl for Highest Use 

States 

State Pounds AI TAT 

California 44% 42% 

New York 17% 17% 

Pennsylvania 8% 11% 

Michigan 8% 7% 

Washington 7% 6% 

Virginia 6% 7% 

Source: Proprietary data, 2006-2010 

USE TRENDS 

Figure I depicts usage trends, in terms of pounds a.i. applied, for kresoxim-methyl's top crops. 

Overall, the chart below (Figure I) shows that the use of kresoxim-methyl has widely fluctuated 

from I999 through 20IO, with an overall increase. (Proprietary data, I999-20IO) 

Figure 1. Re orted Pounds of Kresoxim-meth 

30,000 

0 

a-.· 0 .... N ('\') <::t IJ') 

0"> 0 0 0 0 0 0 

0"> 0 0 0 0 0 0 .... N N N N N N 

Year 

1.0 " 00 0"> 

0 0 0 0 

0 0 0 0 N N N '"" 

0 

.... 

0 

'"" 

- Apples 

-.-Grapes, Wine 

~Grapes, Raisin 

Other 

Other refers to (in order of magnitude): Pears, Table Grapes, Pecans, Watermelons, Pumpkins, 

Cantaloupes, Squash, and Almonds. 

Source: Proprietary Data, 1999-2010. 
Figure 2 (below) shows that kresoxim-methyl's usage has fluctuated, with spikes (high usage) in 

2003 and 2009, again with an overall increase in usage since 1999. 

Figure 2. Total Re orted Pounds of Kresoxim-meth 

so,ooo I 

0 

8 

0 

N 

...... 

0 

0 

N 

Source: Proprietary Data, 1999-2010. 

N 

0 

0 

N 

N') 

0 

0 

N 

~ 

8 

N 

1.0 

0 

0 

N 

Year 

1.0 

0 

0 

N 

Kresoxim-methyl's Agricultural Usage by Crop Reporting District 

...... 

0 

0 

N 

00 

0 

0 

N 

0\ 

0 

0 

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0 

...... 

0 

N 

Another measure of usage is the use intensity. In this analysis, the use intensity is expressed as 

the pounds a.i. applied per acre of land in farms. This differs from the application rate, which is 

expressed as the pounds a.i. applied per treated acres. Figure 3 spatially represents kresoximmethyl's use intensity in the U.S. Based on this information, ands as similarly displayed on 

Table 2, areas on New York, Pennsylvania, Michigan, North Carolina and Virginia are showing 

the most intense use of kresoxim-methyl. 
Fig. 3. Kresoxim-Methyl Usage by Crop Reporting District (2006-2010) 

Average Pounds Per 

1.000 Acres of Farmland 

- <0.1 

0.1-0 .2 

D o.3-o.4 

0.5-1 .0 

1.1-2.25 

This is a map of agricultural pesticide usage at the Crop Reporting District (CRD) level. CRDs are 

boundaries created by USDA NASS which are aggregates of counties (USDA, 2010). Pesticide usage is 

displayed as average pounds (for the years 2006-2010) per 1,000 acres of farmland in a CRD to normalize 

for the variation in farmland between CRDs. Farmland acreage was obtained from USDA (2007). 

Usage is based on private market surveys of pesticide use in agriculture (Proprietary Data, 2006-2010). 

The survey data are limited to the states that represent the top 80-90% of acreage for the individual crops, 

therefore, use may be occurring in regions outside the scope of the survey. CRDs showing no usage of 

pesticides may be due to either the lack of pesticide use in the region or non-participation in the 

agricultural surveys. In addition, across the years, there may be variations in the specific crops included in 

the CRD survey. This may result in a lower annual average for the CRD. 

NON-AGRICULTURAL USAGE 

Table 3 (below) describes kresoxim-methyl's non-agricultural usage on nursery/greenhouses. 

There has been a significant decrease in use ofkresoxim-methyl on nursery/greenhouses since 

2002. 
Table 3. Kresoxim-meth I Usa eon Non-A ricultural Sites 

2002 2004 

239 139 

BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS RELEVANT TO KRESOXIM-METHYL 

Kresoxim-methyl is a Group 11 fungicide (FRAC, 2012). This group in general has a high risk 

in resistance development. Resistance is known in various fungal species including apple scab 

and powdery mildew on grapevine. These two main target fungal diseases of kresoxim-methyl 

have a high and medium risk in resistance development, respectively (FRAC, 2012). They are 

main diseases of pome fruit and grapes that may require a season-long control or a spray 

schedule with various fungicides including kresoxim-methyl. Kresoxim-methyl is in the same 

cross-resistance group with azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin for control of grape 

powdery mildew (California IPM, 2008) and should be managed accordingly (FRAC, 2012). 

The resistance management practices include alternating or tank-mixing kresoxim-methyl with a 

different group of fungicides. 

IDSTORY OF BEAD ASSESSMENTS FOR KRESOXIM-METHYL 

There are no past BEAD assessments for kresoxim-methyl in BEAD's Official Records. 

INFORMATION THAT MAY BE USEFUL FOR BEAD'S FUTURE WORK ON 

KRESOXIM-METHYL 

Obtaining additional information on the following items would improve future BEAD . 

assessments ofthe importance ofkresoxim-methyl and may be required as part of the registration 

review of this pesticide. 

Usage information ofkresoxim-methyl on ornamentals since 2006. 

REFERENCES 

BC Agriculture. 2004. Pesticide Info Sheet- Kresoxim-methyl. British Columbia, Ministry of 

Agriculture. http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca!pesticides/infosheets/kresoxim.pdf. Accessed May 2012. 

California IPM, 2008. UC Pest Management Guidelines- Grape Powdery Mildew. UC IPM 

Online. http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/r302100311.html. Accessed May 2012. 

FRAC. 2012. Fungicide Resistance Action Committee. http://www.frac.info/frac/index.htm. 

Accessed May 2012. 

KLINE 2002, 2004, 2006 

Proprietary Data: 1999-2010, and 2006-2010. 
USDA, 2006-2010. NASS Crop Reporting Districts. Online: 

http://www.ers.usda.gov/briefing/arms/resourceregionslresourceregions.htm#nass. 

USDA, 2007. Census of Agriculture. Online: 

http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2007/index.asp.