# Patent

## Title
Process for preparing alkylpolyether-substituted mercaptosilanes

## Abstract

Process for preparing alkylpolyether-substituted mercaptosilanes of the general formula I,

(X)m(X′)n(X′′)oSi(—R1—SR2)p  (I)

and a Hazen colour number of ≦250 mg Pt—Co/L by reacting compounds of the general formula II,

(X′)m+n(X′′)oSi(—R1—SR2)p  (II)

with m equivalents of the compounds of the general formula III,

H—O—((CR32)w—O—)vAlk  (III)

using a proton-donating co-catalyst and, if desired, a further catalyst, and separating off liberated X′—H from the reaction mixture.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a process for preparing alkylpolyether-substituted mercaptosilanes.
2. Description of the Background
The use of silanes as adhesion promoters is known. For instance, aminoalkyltrialkoxysilanes, methacryloyloxyalkyltrialkoxysilanes, polysulphanealkyltrialkoxysilanes and mercaptoalkyltrialkoxysilanes are used as promoters of adhesion between inorganic materials and organic polymers, as crosslinking agents and surface modifiers (E. P. Plueddemann, “Silane Coupling Agents”, 2nd Ed., Plenum Press 1982, pages 1-53).
These adhesion promoters, or coupling agents or bonding agents, form bonds both to the filler and to the elastomer, and hence bring about effective interaction between the filler surface and the elastomer.
Moreover it is known that the use of commercially customary silane adhesion promoters having three alkoxy substituents on the silicon atom leads to the release of considerable amounts of alcohol during and after attachment to the filler (DE 22 55 577). Since it is usual to use trimethoxy-substituted and triethoxy-substituted silanes, the corresponding alcohols, methanol and ethanol, are released in considerable amounts (Berkemeier, D.; Hader, W.; Rinker, M.; Heiss, G., Mixing of silica compounds from the viewpoint of a manufacturer of internal mixers, Gummi, Fasern, Kunststoffe (2001), Volume 54(1), pages 17-22).
It is known, furthermore, that methoxy-substituted and ethoxy-substituted silanes are more reactive than the corresponding long-chain alkoxy-substituted silanes and are therefore able to attach more quickly to the filler, so that to date it has not been possible from a technical and economic viewpoint to do without the use of methoxy and ethoxy substituents (H. D. Luginsland, “A review on the chemistry and the reinforcement of the silica-silane filler system for rubber applications”, Shaker Verlag Aachen 2002, page 25ff.).
Furthermore, DE 10137809, JP 62-181346, DE 3426987 and EP 0085831 disclose various mercaptosilanes. DE 102005032658.7 and EP 1285926 disclose alkyl-polyether-substituted mercaptosilanes which release less methanol and/or ethanol but have the same reactivity. These silanes can be synthesized by subjecting alkoxysilanes to catalysed reaction with an alkylpolyether alcohol.
A disadvantage of the known processes for the synthesis of alkylpolyether-substituted mercaptosilanes is the pale brown to orange-red colour which occurs, which may fluctuate depending on the quality and the preparation process of the mercaptosilane used.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,210,250 discloses a method of decolouring halogenated silanes by treatment with insoluble, cationic, surface-active substances.
A disadvantage of that method is that the decolouring takes place in a step downstream from the synthesis, which in operational practice entails a not inconsiderable level of extra cost and inconvenience.
Furthermore, EP 1188758 and EP 1153927 disclose methods of influencing the colour of bis(3-[triethoxysilyl]propyl)polysulphanes and -tetrasulphanes, respectively, by adding chloropropyltrichlorosilane during the sulphurization reaction. From US 20040092758 it is known that polysulphide silanes with a low level of coloration can be obtained by increasing the reaction temperature during the sulphurization reaction. Both methods intervene in the course of the reaction at a point at which polysulphide species of different chain lengths are present or are forming in the reaction mixture. In the customary processes of mercaptosilane preparation, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,680,398, 7,151,188, 5,840,952 or US 2005/0124822, polysulphide species of this kind ought not to form or ought to form to a far lesser extent.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for preparing alkylpolyether-substituted mercaptosilanes that yields the alkylpolyether-substituted mercaptosilanes with weaker coloration.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention provides a process for preparing alkylpolyether-substituted mercaptosilanes of the general formula I,

(X)m(X′)n(X′′)oSi(—R1—SR2)p  (I)

where p is 1, 2 or 3; m is 1, 2 or 3; n and o are 0, 1 or 2; and m+p+n+o is 4, the groups X are alike or different and X is an alkylpolyether group O—((CR32),w—O—)vAlk, where v=1-40, w=1-40, R3 independently at each occurrence is H, a phenyl group or an unbranched or branched alkyl group, Alk is a branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, aliphatic, aromatic or mixed aliphatic/aromatic monovalent C1-C35, the groups X′ are alike or different and X′ is a branched or unbranched alkoxy group, a branched or unbranched C2-C25 alkenyloxy group, a C6-C35 aryloxy group, a branched or unbranched C7-C35 alkylaryloxy, a branched or unbranched C7-C35 aralkyloxy group, or a hydroxyl group (—OH), the groups X′′ are alike or different and X′′ independently at each occurrence is a branched or unbranched alkyl group, R1 is a branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic or mixed aliphatic/aromatic divalent C1-C30 hydrocarbon group which is unsubstituted or substituted by heteroatoms, R2 is CN, H or —C(Het)-Alk, where Het is a doubly bonded heteroatom O, S or NAlk and Alk has the definition given above, having a Hazen colour number of ≦250 mg Pt—Co/L, preferably ≦200 mg Pt—Co/L, comprising reacting compounds of the general formula II,

(X′)m+n(X′′)oSi(—R1—SR2)p  (II)

where X′, X′′, R1, R2, m, n, o and p have the definitions given above,

with m equivalents of the compounds of the general formula III,

H—O—((CR32)w—O—)vAlk  (III)

where R3, Alk, v and w have the definitions given above,

in the presence of a proton-donating co-catalyst and, optionally, a further catalyst, and separating off liberated X′—H from the reaction mixture.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention provides a process for preparing alkylpolyether-substituted mercaptosilanes of the general formula I,

(X)m(X′)n(X′′)oSi(—R1—SR2)p  (I)

where p is 1, 2 or 3, preferably 1; m is 1, 2 or 3; n and o are 0, 1 or 2; and m+p+n+o is 4,

    the groups X are alike or different and X is an alkylpolyether group O—((CR32)w—O—)vAlk, preferably O—(CH2—CH2—O—)vAlk or O—(CH(CH3)—CH2—O—)vAlk, where
    v=1-40, preferably 2-30, more preferably 3-25, very preferably 4-20, most preferably 5-16,
    w=1-40, preferably 2-30, more preferably 2-20, very preferably 2-10,
    R3 independently at each occurrence is H, a phenyl group or an unbranched or branched alkyl group, preferably a C1-C11 alkyl group, more preferably a CH3 or CH2—CH3 group,
    Alk is a branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, aliphatic, aromatic or mixed aliphatic/aromatic monovalent C1-C35, preferably C2-C22, more preferably C3-C18, very preferably C4-C13, most preferably C6-C10, hydrocarbon group,
    the groups X′ are alike or different and X′ is a branched or unbranched alkoxy group, preferably C1-C18 alkoxy, more preferably —OCH3, —OCH2—CH3, —OCH(CH3)—CH3, —OCH2—CH2—CH3, —OC12H25, —OC13H27, —OC14H29 or C15-C18 alkoxy,
    a branched or unbranched C2-C25 alkenyloxy group, preferably C4-C20 alkenyloxy, more preferably C6 to C18 alkenyloxy,
    a C6-C35 aryloxy group, preferably C9-C30-aryloxy, more preferably phenyloxy (—OC6H5) or C9-C18 aryloxy,
    a branched or unbranched C7-C35 alkylaryloxy, preferably C9-C30 alkylaryloxy, more preferably benzyloxy (—O—CH2—C6H5) or —O—CH2—CH2—C6H5,
    a branched or unbranched C7-C35 aralkyloxy group, preferably C9-C25 aralkyloxy, more preferably tolyloxy (—O—C6H4—CH3) or a C9-C18 aralkyloxy group, or a hydroxyl group (—OH),
    the groups X′′ are alike or different and X′′ independently at each occurrence is a branched or unbranched alkyl group, preferably C1-C18 alkyl group, more preferably CH3, CH2—CH3, CH(CH3)—CH3, CH2—CH2—CH3 or C4-C18 alkyl group,
    R1 is a branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic or mixed aliphatic/aromatic divalent C1-C30 hydrocarbon group which is unsubstituted or substituted by heteroatoms,
    R2 is CN, H or —C(Het)-Alk, where Het is a doubly bonded heteroatom O, S or NAlk and Alk has the definition given above,

having a Hazen colour number of ≦250 mg Pt—Co/L, preferably ≦200 mg Pt—Co/L,

comprising reacting compounds of the general formula II,

(X′)m+n(X′′)oSi(—R1—SR2)p  (II)

where X′, X′′, R1, R2, m, n, o and p have the definitions given above,

with m equivalents of the compounds of the general formula III,

H—O—((CR32)w—O—)vAlk  (III)

where R3, Alk, v and w have the definitions given above,

in the presence of a proton-donating co-catalyst and, optionally, a further catalyst, and separating off liberated X′—H from the reaction mixture.



The liberated X′—H can be separated continuously or discontinuously from the reaction mixture.
The mercaptosilanes of the general formula I and II may be mixtures of different mercaptosilanes of the general formula I and II and/or may comprise their condensation products containing siloxane units.
Examples of preferred compounds of the general formula I with R2═H include the following:

    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)2]Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)3]Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)4]Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)5]Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)6]Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)2]Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)3]Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)4]Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)5]Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)6]Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)2]Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)3]Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)4]Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)5]Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)6]Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)2]Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)3]Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)4]Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)5]Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)6]Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)2]Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)3]Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)4]Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)5]Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)6]Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)2](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)3](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)4](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)5](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)6](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)2](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)3](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)4](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)5](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)6](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)2](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)3](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)4](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)5](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)6](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)2](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)3](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)4](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)5](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)6](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)2](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)3](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)4](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)5](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)6](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)2](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)3](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)4](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)5](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)6](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)2](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)3](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)4](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)5](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)6](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)2](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)3](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)4](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)5](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)6](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)2](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)3](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)4](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)5](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)6](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)2](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)3](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)4](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)5](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)6](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)2](EtO)2Si(CH2)3 SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)3](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)4](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)5](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)6](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)2](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)3](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)4](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)5](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)6](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)2](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)3](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)4](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)5](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)6](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)2](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)3](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)4](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)5](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)6](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)2]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)3]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)4]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)5]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)6]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)2]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)3]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)4]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)5]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)6]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)2]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)3]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)4]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)5]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)6]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)2]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)3]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)4]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)5]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)6]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)2]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)3]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)4]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)5]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)6]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)2]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)3]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)4]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)5]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)6]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)2]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)3]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)4]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)5]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C17H35O—(CH2—CH2O)6]3Si(CH2)3SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)2](EtO)2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)3](EtO)2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)4](EtO)2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)5](EtO)2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)6](EtO)2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)2](EtO)2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)3](EtO)2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)4](EtO)2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)5](EtO)2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)6](EtO)2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)2](EtO)2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)3](EtO)2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)4](EtO)2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)5](EtO)2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)6](EtO)2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)2](EtO)2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)3](EtO)2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)4](EtO)2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)5](EtO)2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)6](EtO)2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)2](EtO)2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)3](EtO)2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)4](EtO)2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)5](EtO)2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)6](EtO)2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(EtO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(EtO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(EtO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(EtO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(EtO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(EtO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(EtO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(EtO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(EtO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(EtO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(EtO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(EtO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(EtO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(EtO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(EtO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(EtO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(EtO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(EtO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(EtO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(EtO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(EtO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(EtO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(EtO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(EtO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(EtO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)2]3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)3]3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)4]3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)5]3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)6]3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)2]3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)3]3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)4]3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)5]3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)6]3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)2]3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)3]3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)4]3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)5]3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)6]3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)2]3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)3]3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)4]3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)5]3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C15H31O—(CH2—CH2O)6]3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)2]3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)3]3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)4]3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)5]3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH, or
    [(C16H33O—(CH2—CH2O)6]3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,

wherein the alkyl chains C11-C17 can be linear or branched.



Examples of preferred compounds of the formula I with R2═CN include the following:

    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)2]Me2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)3]Me2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)4]Me2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)5]Me2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)6]Me2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)2]Me2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)3]Me2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)4]Me2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)5]Me2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)6]Me2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)2]Me2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)3]Me2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)4]Me2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)5]Me2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)6]Me2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)2]Me2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)3]Me2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)4]Me2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)5]Me2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)6]Me2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)2](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)3](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)4](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)5](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)6](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)2](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)3](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)4](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)5](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)6](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)2](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)3](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)4](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)5](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)6](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)2](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)3](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)4](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)5](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)6](MeO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)2](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)3](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)4](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)5](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)6](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)2](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)3](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)4](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)5](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)6](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)2](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)3](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)4](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)5](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)6](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)2](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)3](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)4](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)5](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)6](EtO)2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3 SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)2]3Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)3]3Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)4]3Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)5]3Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)6]3Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)2]3Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)3]3Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)4]3Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)5]3Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)6]3Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)2]3Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)3]3Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)4]3Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)5]3Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)6]3Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)2]3Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)3]3Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)4]3Si(CH2)3SCN,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)5]3Si(CH2)3SCN or
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)6]3Si(CH2)3SCN,

wherein the alkyl chains C11-C14 can be linear or branched.



Examples of preferred compounds of the formula I with R2=—C(═O)—R4 and R4═—C5H11, —C6H13, —C7H15, —C8H17, —C9H19, —C10H21, —C11H23, —C12H25, —C13H27, —C14H29, —C15H31, —C16H33, —C17H35 and —C6H5 (phenyl) include the following:

    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)2]Me2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)3]Me2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)4]Me2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)5]Me2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)6]Me2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)2]Me2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)3]Me2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)4]Me2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)5]Me2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)6]Me2Si(CH2)3—S—C(—O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)2]Me2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)3]Me2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)4]Me2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)5]Me2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)6]Me2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)2]Me2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)3]Me2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)4]Me2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)5]Me2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)6]Me2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)2](MeO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)3](MeO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)4](MeO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)5](MeO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)6](MeO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)2](MeO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)3](MeO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)4](MeO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)5](MeO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)6](MeO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)2](MeO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)3](MeO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)4](MeO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)5](MeO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)6](MeO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)2](MeO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)3](MeO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)4](MeO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)5](MeO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)6](MeO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(MeO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)2](EtO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)3](EtO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)4](EtO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)5](EtO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)6](EtO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)2](EtO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)3](EtO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)4](EtO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)5](EtO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)6](EtO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)2](EtO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)3](EtO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)4](EtO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)5](EtO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)6](EtO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)3](EtO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)4](EtO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)5](EtO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)6](EtO)2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)2]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)3]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)4]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)5]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)6]2(EtO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)2]3Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)3]3Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)4]3Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)5]3Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C11H23O—(CH2—CH2O)6]3Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)2]3Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)3]3Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)4]3Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)5]3Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C12H25O—(CH2—CH2O)6]3Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)2]3Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)3]3Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)4]3Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)5]3Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C13H27O—(CH2—CH2O)6]3Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)2]3Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)3]3Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)4]3Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)5]3Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4 or
    [(C14H29O—(CH2—CH2O)6]3Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,

wherein the alkyl chains C11-C14 can be linear or branched.



Examples of compounds of the general formula II include the following:

    (MeO)Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    (MeO)2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    (EtO)Me2Si(CH2)3SH,
    (EtO)2MeSi(CH2)3SH,
    (MeO)2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    (EtO)2(HO)Si(CH2)3SH,
    (MeO)3Si(CH2)3SH,
    (EtO)3Si(CH2)3SH,
    (MeO)Me2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    (MeO)2MeSi(CH2)3SCN,
    (EtO)Me2Si(CH2)3SCN,
    (EtO)2MeSi(CH2)3SCN,
    (MeO)2(HO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    (EtO)2(HO)Si(CH2)3SCN,
    (MeO)3Si(CH2)3SCN,
    (EtO)3Si(CH2)3SCN,
    (MeO)Me2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    (MeO)2MeSi(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    (EtO)Me2Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    (EtO)2MeSi(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    (MeO)2(HO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    (EtO)2(HO)Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    (MeO)3Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    (EtO)3Si(CH2)3—S—C(═O)—R4,
    (MeO)Me2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    (MeO)Me2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SCN,
    (MeO)Me2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—S—C(═O)—R4,
    (EtO)Me2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    (EtO)Me2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SCN,
    (EtO)Me2Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—S—C(═O)—R4,
    (MeO)2MeSi—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    (MeO)2MeSi—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SCN,
    (MeO)2MeSi—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—S—C(═O)—R4,
    (EtO)2MeSi—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    (EtO)2MeSi—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SCN,
    (EtO)2MeSi—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—S—C(═O)—R4,
    (MeO)2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    (MeO)2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SCN,
    (MeO)2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—S—C(═O)—R4,
    (EtO)2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    (EtO)2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SCN,
    (EtO)2(HO)Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—S—C(═O)—R4,
    (MeO)3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    (MeO)3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SCN,
    (MeO)3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—S—C(═O)—R4,
    (EtO)3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SH,
    (EtO)3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—SCN or
    (EtO)3Si—CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—S—C(═O)—R4, R4 having the definition given above.


Examples of preferred compounds of the general formula III include the following:

    HO—(CH2—CH2O)2—C11H23, HO—(CH2—CH2O)3—C11H23, HO—(CH2—CH2O)4—C11H23, HO—(CH2—CH2O)5—C11H23, HO—(CH2—CH2O)6—C11H23, HO—(CH2—CH2O)7—C11H23,
    HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)2—C11H23, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)3—C11H23, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)4—C11H23, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)5—C11H23, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)6—C11H23, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)7—C11H23,
    HO—(CH2—CH2O)2—C12H25, HO—(CH2—CH2O)3—C12H25, HO—(CH2—CH2O)4—C12H25, HO—(CH2—CH2O)5—C12H25, HO—(CH2—CH2O)6—C12H25, HO—(CH2—CH2O)7—C12H25,
    HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)2—C12H25, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)3—C12H25, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)4—C12H25, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)5—C12H25, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)6—C12H25, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)7—C12H25,
    HO—(CH2—CH2O)2—C13H27, HO—(CH2—CH2O)3—C13H27, HO—(CH2—CH2O)4—C13H27, HO—(CH2—CH2O)5—C13H27, HO—(CH2—CH2O)6—C13H27, HO—(CH2—CH2O)7—C13H27,
    HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)2—C13H27, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)3—C13H27, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)4—C13H27, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)5—C13H27, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)6—C13H27, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)7—C13H27,
    HO—(CH2—CH2O)2—C14H29, HO—(CH2—CH2O)3—C14H29, HO—(CH2—CH2O)4—C14H29, HO—(CH2—CH2O)5—C14H29, HO—(CH2—CH2O)6—C14H29, HO—(CH2—CH2O)7—C14H29,
    HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)2—C14H29, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)3—C14H29, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)4—C14H29, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)5—C14H29, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)6—C14H29, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)7—C14H29,
    HO—(CH2—CH2O)2—C15H31, HO—(CH2—CH2O)3—C15H31, HO—(CH2—CH2O)4—C15H31, HO—(CH2—CH2O)5—C15H31, HO—(CH2—CH2O)6—C15H31, HO—(CH2—CH2O)7—C15H31,
    HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)2—C15H31, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)3—C15H31, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)4—C15H31, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)5—C15H31, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)6—C15H31, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)7—C15H31,
    HO—(CH2—CH2O)2—C16H33, HO—(CH2—CH2O)3—C16H33, HO—(CH2—CH2O)4—C16H33, HO—(CH2—CH2O)5—C16H33, HO—(CH2—CH2O)6—C16H33, HO—(CH2—CH2O)7—C16H33,
    HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)2—C16H33, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)3—C16H33, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)4—C16H33, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)5—C16H33, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)6—C16H33, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)7—C16H33,
    HO—(CH2—CH2O)2—C17H35, HO—(CH2—CH2O)3—C17H35, HO—(CH2—CH2O)4—C17H35, HO—(CH2—CH2O)5—C17H35, HO—(CH2—CH2O)6—CH35, HO—(CH2—CH2O)7—C17H35,
    HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)2—C17H35, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)3—C17H35, HO—(CH(CH3)— CH2O)4—C17H35, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)5—C17H35, HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)6—C17H35 or HO—(CH(CH3)—CH2O)7—C17H35.


The alcohols of the general formula III may have an average branching number of the carbon chain Alk of 1 to 5, preferably 1.2 to 4. The average branching number is defined in this case as the number of CH3 groups -1.
As the catalyst use may be made of metallic compounds, such as metal chlorides, metal oxides, metal oxychlorides, metal alkoxides and metal amides, or transition metal compounds having multiple bonded ligands.
The metallic compounds may for example be halides, oxides, imides, alkoxides, amides, thiolates, carboxylates and/or combinations of these substituents of elements of main groups 3 and 4 of the Periodic Table of the Elements (PTE) and also of transition groups 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the PTE. The metal compounds may have free coordination sites on the metal.
In one particular version, titanates may be used, such as tetra-n-butyl orthotitanate, for example.
As proton-donating co-catalysts, compounds which before and/or during and/or after the transesterification reaction provide protons or react with release of protons, may be used.
Compounds which can be used as proton-donating co-catalysts may more particularly be Brönsted acids. Such acids may be hydrogen compounds of main group 7 of the PTE, and also hydrogen-oxygen compounds of main groups 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the PTE and also of transition groups 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the PTE.
Alternatively, compounds which can be used as proton-donating co-catalysts may be compounds which react with alcohols of the general formula III, with release of protons, before and/or during and/or after the reaction. Such compounds may be, for example, halogen compounds of main groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 and also of transition groups 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the PTE. Moreover, such compounds may be anhydrides of the oxo acids of elements of main groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 and also of transition groups 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the PTE.
The compounds may comprise one or more organic radicals, such as alkyl chains, for example, which may be functionalized with heteroatoms.
Examples of such compounds include carboxylic chlorides or carboxylic anhydrides.
In one particular version, organylchlorosilanes, such as chloromethyltrichloro-silane, chloropropyltrichlorosilane or chloropropyldiethoxychlorosilane, for example, may be used.
Moreover, solid-phase-bound protons as proton-donating co-catalysts may be used. Examples of sources of such protons include acidic ion-exchange resins, such as Amberlyst 15, Dowex 50 or Deloxan ASP I/9.
These proton-donating co-catalysts may be added before and/or during and/or after the reaction.
The weight ratio of catalyst to proton-donating co-catalyst may be preferably 1:1 to 0:1, more preferably 0.5:1 to 0:1.
In one particular embodiment, when using the abovementioned proton-donating co-catalysts, to do wholly or partly without the use of the stated catalysts.
Moreover, the alkylpolyether-substituted mercaptosilanes of the general formula I may be treated with the proton-donating co-catalysts, for the purpose of decoloring, only after the silanes have been prepared.
Excess protons can be destroyed and/or separated off during and/or after the reaction.
The reaction may be carried out at temperatures between 20 and 200° C., preferably between 50 and 170° C., more preferably between 80 and 150° C. In order to avoid condensation reactions it may be advantageous to carry out the reaction in a water-free environment, ideally in an inert gas atmosphere.
The reaction can be carried out under atmospheric pressure or reduced pressure. The reaction may be carried out continuously or batchwise.
The invention further provides rubber mixtures comprising the alkylpolyether-substituted mercaptosilanes of the general formula I of the invention, with a Hazen colour number of ≦250 mg Pt—Co/L, preferably ≦200 mg Pt—Co/L.
The process of the invention has the advantage that alkylpolyether-substituted mercaptosilanes having a Hazen colour number ≦250 mg Pt—Co/L can be prepared.
This preparation may take place in one step; after treatment of the compounds obtained is not necessarily required. The proton-donating co-catalysts described, moreover, may wholly or partly replace the catalysts used to date.
EXAMPLES
The following examples further describe and demonstrate embodiments of the present invention. The examples are given solely for the purposes of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention.
The ethoxylated isotridecanols used are sales products of the companies BASF (Lutensol TO 5) and Sasol (Marlipal O13/50) and have an average degree of ethoxylation of approximately 5. Titanium tetrabutoxide and acetic anhydride can be obtained from Merck and used without further purification. Chloromethyltri-chlorosilane, chloropropyltrichlorosilane and Amberlyst 15 dry (a sulphonic acid-functionalized styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer) can be obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification.
3-Mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane (MPTES) is a product of Degussa GmbH and can be obtained under the trade name VP Si 263.
The product can be characterized by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy.
The Hazen colour number is determined in accordance with DIN/ISO 6271.
Example 1
Comparative Example to Examples 2-5
A 500 ml flask with distillation bridge is charged under N2 inert gas with 88.5 g of Lutensol TO 5 (0.21 mol) and 88.5 g of Marlipal O13/50 (0.21 mol) and also 25 μL of Ti(On-Bu)4. 50 g of MPTES (0.21 mol) are added. Then the mixture is heated at 140° C. for 1 h, after which time the pressure is lowered to 20 mbar. The end of the reaction is determined by the amount of ethanol distilled off. The result is an orange-brown, slightly turbid liquid with a yield of 98%.
Hazen colour number: 360 mg Pt—Co/L
Example 2
A 500 ml flask with distillation bridge is charged under N2 inert gas with 88.5 g of Lutensol TO 5 (0.21 mol) and 88.5 g of Marlipal O13/50 (0.21 mol) and also 25 μL of Ti(On-Bu)4 and 137 μL of chloromethyltrichlorosilane. 50 g of MPTES (0.21 mol) are added. Then the mixture is heated at 140° C. for 1 h, after which time the pressure is lowered to approximately 20 mbar. The end of the reaction is determined by the amount of ethanol distilled off. The result is a pale grey, slightly turbid liquid with a quantitative yield.
Hazen colour number: 150 mg Pt—Co/L
Example 3
A 500 ml flask with distillation bridge is charged under N2 inert gas with 35.2 g of Lutensol TO 5 (0.08 mol) and 35.2 g of Marlipal O13/50 (0.08 mol) and also 10 μL of Ti(On-Bu)4 and 55 μL of chloropropyltrichlorosilane. 20 g of MPTES (0.08 mol) are added. Then the mixture is heated at 140° C. for 1 h, after which time the pressure is lowered to 20 mbar. The end of the reaction is determined by the amount of ethanol distilled off. The result is a pastel-violet liquid with a yield of 99%.
Hazen colour number: 170 mg Pt—Co/L
Example 4
A 500 ml flask with distillation bridge is charged under N2 inert gas with 88.5 g of Lutensol TO 5 (0.21 mol) and 88.5 g of Marlipal O13/50 (0.21 mol) and also 25 μL of Ti(On-Bu)4 and 500 mg of acetic anhydride. 50 g of MPTES (0.21 mol) are added. Then the mixture is heated at 140° C. for 1 h, after which time the pressure is lowered to 20 mbar. The end of the reaction is determined by the amount of ethanol distilled off. The result is a beige-red liquid with a quantitative yield.
Hazen colour number: 140 mg Pt—Co/L
Example 5
A 500 ml flask with distillation bridge is charged under N2 inert gas with 35.2 g of Lutensol TO 5 (0.08 mol) and 35.2 g of Marlipal O13/50 (0.08 mol) and also 12.6 μL of Ti(On-Bu)4 and 1 g of Amberlyst 15 dry. 20 g of MPTES (0.08 mol) are added. Then the mixture is heated at 140° C. for 1 h, after which time the pressure is lowered to 20 mbar. The end of the reaction is determined by the amount of ethanol distilled off. The result is an old-rose-coloured liquid with a quantitative yield.
Hazen colour number: 160 mg Pt—Co/L
Example 6
Comparative Example to Examples 7 and 8
A 500 ml flask with distillation bridge is charged under N2 inert gas with 75.6 g of Lutensol TO 5 (0.18 mol) and 75.6 g of Marlipal O13/50 (0.18 mol) and also 21.4 μL of Ti(On-Bu)4. 42.8 g of MPTES (0.18 mol) are added. Then the mixture is heated at 140° C. for 1 h, after which time the pressure is lowered to 30 mbar. The end of the reaction is determined by the amount of ethanol distilled off. The result is a dark-red, slightly turbid liquid with a yield of 92%.
Hazen colour number: >1000 mg Pt—Co/L
Example 7
A 500 ml flask with distillation bridge is charged under N2 inert gas with 35.2 g of Lutensol TO 5 (0.08 mol) and 35.2 g of Marlipal O13/50 (0.08 mol) and also 12.6 μL of Ti(On-Bu)4 and 119 μL of chloromethyltrichlorosilane. 20.1 g of MPTES (0.08 mol) are added. Then the mixture is heated at 140° C. for 1 h, after which time the pressure is lowered to 20 mbar. The end of the reaction is determined by the amount of ethanol distilled off. The result is a pale-yellow, clear liquid with a yield of 99%.
Hazen colour number: 55 mg Pt—Co/L
Example 8
A 500 ml flask with distillation bridge is charged under N2 inert gas with 35.6 g of Lutensol TO 5 (0.08 mol) and 35.6 g of Marlipal O13/50 (0.08 mol) and also 1.02 g of Amberlyst 15 dry ion-exchange resin. 20.2 g of MPTES (0.08 mol) are added. Then the mixture is heated at 140° C. for 1 h, after which time the pressure is lowered to 20 mbar. The end of the reaction is determined by the amount of ethanol distilled off. The result is a pale-yellow, clear liquid with a yield of 98%.
Hazen colour number: 140 mg Pt—Co/L
Example 9
Comparative Example to Example 10
A 500 ml flask with distillation bridge is charged under N2 inert gas with 50 g of Lutensol TO 5 (0.12 mol) and 50 g of Marlipal O13/50 (0.12 mol) and also 14 μL of Ti(On-Bu)4. 28 g of MPTES (0.12 mol) are added. Then the mixture is heated at 140° C. for 1 h, after which time the pressure is lowered to 20 mbar. The end of the reaction is determined by the amount of ethanol distilled off. The result is an orange-brown liquid with a quantitative yield.
Hazen colour number: 330 mg Pt—Co/L
Example 10
A 500 ml flask with distillation bridge is charged under N2 inert gas with 70.5 g of Lutensol TO 5 (0.17 mol) and 70.5 g of Marlipal O13/50 (0.17 mol) and also 238 μL of chloromethyltrichlorosilane. 40 g of MPTES (0.17 mol) are added. Then the mixture is heated at 140° C. for 1 h, after which time the pressure is lowered to 20 mbar. The end of the reaction is determined by the amount of ethanol distilled off. The result is a beige-red liquid with a quantitative yield.
Hazen colour number: 30 mg Pt—Co/L
Example 11
In a round-bottomed flask, 50 g of the Degussa silane VP Si 363 (colour number: 480 mg of Pt—Co/L) are treated with 5 g of Amberlyst 15 dry ion-exchange resin at 50° C. for 30 minutes. Subsequently the ion-exchanger is separated off.
Hazen colour number: after separation, 190 mg Pt—Co/L
The description in German priority application DE 102007037556.7, filed Aug. 9, 2007, is incorporated by reference herein.

## Claims

1. A process for preparing alkylpolyether-substituted mercaptosilanes of the general formula I,


(X)m(X′)n(X′′)oSi(—R1—SR2)p  (I)

wherein p is 1, 2 or 3, m is 1, 2 or 3, n and o are 0, 1 or 2, and m+p+n+o is 4,
the groups X are the same or different and X is an alkylpolyether group
O—((CR32)w—O—)vAlk, where
v=1-40,
w=1-40,
R3 independently at each occurrence is H, a phenyl group or an unbranched or branched alkyl group,
Alk is a branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, aliphatic, aromatic or mixed aliphatic/aromatic monovalent C1-C35 hydrocarbon group,
the groups X′ are the same or different and X′ is a branched or unbranched alkoxy group,
a branched or unbranched C2-C25 alkenyloxy group,
a C6-C35 aryloxy group,
a branched or unbranched C7-C35 alkylaryloxy group,
a branched or unbranched C7-C35 aralkyloxy group,
or a hydroxyl group (—OH),
the groups X′′ are the same or different and X′′ indepedently at each occurance is a branched or unbranched alkyl group,
R1 is a branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic or mixed aliphatic/aromatic divalent C1-C30 hydrocarbon group which is unsubstituted or substituted by heteroatoms,
R2 is CN, H or —C(Het)-Alk, where Het is a doubly bonded heteroatom O, S or NAlk and Alk has the definition given above,
having a Hazen colour number of ≦250 mg Pt—Co/L,
comprising reacting compounds of the general formula II,


(X′)m+n(X′′)oSi(—R1—SR2)p  (II)


wherein X′, X′′, R1, R2, m, n, o and p have the definitions given above, with m equivalents of the compounds of the general formula III,


H—O—((CR32)w—O—)vAlk  (III)


wherein R3, Alk, v and w have the definitions given above,
in the presence of a proton-donating co-catalyst and a catalyst, and
separating off liberated X′—H from the reaction mixture;
wherein the proton-donating co-catalyst comprises an acidic ion exchange resin.

2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the proton-donating co-catalyst is added beforehand and/or during the reaction.

3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the proton-donating co-catalyst comprises a compound which before and/or during the reaction provides protons or reacts with release of protons.

4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the proton-donating co-catalyst comprises a Brönsted acid.

5. The process according to claim 1, wherein the reaction is carried out at 20-200° C.

6. The process according to claim 1, wherein the reaction is carried out in a water-free inert gas atmosphere.

7. The process according to claim 1, wherein the Hazen colour number of ≦200 mg Pt—Co/L.

8. The process according to claim 1, wherein
p is 1,
X is O—(CH2—CH2—O—)vAlk or O—(CH(CH3)—CH2—O—)vAlk, v=5-16, w=2-10, Alk is a C6-C10 hydrocarbon group,
X′ is selected from the group consisting of
—OCH3, —OCH2—CH3, —OCH(CH3)—CH3, —OCH2—CH2—CH3, —OC12H25, —OC13H27,
—OC14H29, C15-C18 alkoxy, C6 to C18 alkenyloxy; —OC6H5, C9-C18 aryloxy;
—O—CH2—C6H5, —O—CH2—CH2—C6H5, —O—C6H4—CH3, C9-C18 aralkyloxy group, and
—OH, and
X′′ is CH3, CH2—CH3, CH(CH3)—CH3, CH2—CH2—CH3 or C4-C18 alkyl group.

9. A process for preparing alkylpolyether-substituted mercaptosilanes of the general formula I,


(X)m(X′)n(X′′)oSi(—R1—SR2)p  (I)

wherein p is 1, 2 or 3, m is 1, 2 or 3, n and o are 0, 1 or 2, and m+p+n+o is 4,
the groups X are alike or different and X is an alkylpolyether group
O—((CR32)w—O—)vAlk, where
v=1-40,
w=1-40,
R3 independently at each occurrence is H, a phenyl group or an unbranched or branched alkyl group,
Alk is a branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, aliphatic, aromatic or mixed aliphatic/aromatic monovalent C1-C35 hydrocarbon group,
the groups X′ are the same or different and X′ is a branched or unbranched alkoxy group,
a branched or unbranched C2-C25 alkenyloxy group,
a C6-C35 aryloxy group,
a branched or unbranched C7-C35 alkylaryloxy group,
a branched or unbranched C7-C35 aralkyloxy group,
or a hydroxyl group (—OH),
the groups X′′ are the same or different and X′′ independently at each occurrence is a branched or unbranched alkyl group,
R1 is a branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic or mixed aliphatic/aromatic divalent C1-C30 hydrocarbon group which is unsubstituted or substituted by heteroatoms,
R2 is CN, H or —C(Het)-Alk, wherein Het is a doubly bonded heteroatom O, S or NAlk and Alk has the definition given above,
having a Hazen colour number of ≦250 mg Pt13 Co/L,
comprising reacting compounds of the general formula II,


(X′)m+n(X′′)OSi(—R1—SR2)p  (II)


wherein X′, X′′, R1, R2, m, n, o and p have the definitions given above,
with m equivalents of the compounds of the general formula III,


H—O—((CR32)w—O—)vAlk  (III)


wherein R3, Alk, v and w have the definitions given above,
in the presence of a proton-donating co-catalyst and a catalyst, and
separating off liberated X′—H from the reaction mixture;
wherein the proton-donating co-catalyst comprises an organylchlorosilane.

10. The process according to claim 9, wherein the organylchlorosilane is chloromethyltrichlorosilane, chloropropyltrichlorosilane or chloropropyldiethoxychlorosilane.