UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D

.C. 20460 

## OCT 25 

## 2011

MEMORANDUM OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION



### SUBJECT: BEAD Chemical Profile for Registration Review: Chlorothalonil (PC #081901) FROM: Leonard Yourman, Plant Pathologist 

# A Biological Analysis Branch 

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### Jihad Alsadek, Economist 

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# ~ Science Information and Analysis Branch Michelle Ranville, Economist I h f

# c-fJ Economic Analysis Branch \.\ 

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# JU .../ Biological and Economic Analysis Division (7503P) THRU: Arnet Jones, Chief 

# /I L1 Biological Analysis Branch

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Diann Sims, Chief

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# ~.A..J' Science Information and Analysis Branch**~** 

### Timothy Kiely, Chief

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_**~** Biological and Economic Analysis Division (7503P) TO: Jill Bloom, Chemical Review Manager Risk Management and Implementation Branch 2 Pesticide Re-evaluation Division (7508P)


### Product Review Panel date: September21, 2011 INTRODUCTION The purpose ofthis document is to convey usage information and a broad overview ofthe pest management roles ofpesticides that are beginning to undergo registration review. The anticipated audience consists ofthe team ofEPA staffcurrently evaluating the registration status ofchlorothalonil (PC Code 081901), and eventually the general public. This document builds upon the data already provided inthe "Usage and Label Use DataPackages" that are also

1.provided to Registration Review teams by BEAD. The document is based oninfonnation and data available to BEAD as ofMay, 2011. Chlorothalonil is a widely used non-systemic fungicide thattargets numerous fungal pathogens ofmany crops. Itis a preventative treatment used to protectthe plantthat is applied prior to infection when there is an expectation that pathogens may soonbe present and where conditions are likely to be conducive to disease development. Chlorothalonil is a chloronitrile chemical that targets multiple sites ofthe fungal pathogenupon contact (FRAC, 2011). As such, field resistance to 

### ithas not been found. It is commonly used alone or mixed with another active ingredient (frequently systemic, single-site ofaction fungicides) to treat numerous diseases including (depending onthe crop) Alternaria, anthracnose, Botrytis, Cercospora, downy mildew, rust, Septoria, and others. 

### USE SITES According to the LUIS report (May 18,2011), uses for chlorothalonil include: 

### Agricultural Use Sites Chlorothalonil is labeled for use onmany food crops including: almonds, apples, apricots, asparagus, barley, numerous bean crops, cole crops, cucurbitlmelon crops, mint, onions, okra, peanuts, peppers, stone fruit crops, potatoes, tomatoes, walnuts, and wheat. 

### Non-Agricultural Use Sites Chlorothalonil is labeled for use onmany ornamental plants (both foliar and bulbs), numerous turfgrass species, and forest nursery trees. Chlorothalonil is also labeled for use onvarious industrial and building products including adhesives, coatings, concrete blocks and surfaces, emulsions, grouts, irrigation systems, lumber, paints, plaster, polishes, stains, stucco, constructiontimber, and wood building materials. 

### COMMON FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATIONMETHODS Chlorothalonil is fonnulated in solid fonn as dust, water dispersible granules, pellets, tablets, impregnated material, and wettable powder. In liquid fonn it is available as emulsifiable, flowable, soluble concentrate and also as a solutionready-to-use. There are several premix products containing chlorothalonil with one or more additional activeingredients. 

### USAGE Agricultural Based onprivate market pesticide usage datafrom 1998-2010, the annual total agricultural usage averaged approximately 9 million lbs active ingredient for 8 million treated acres for an overall application rate of 1.1 lbs a.i. per acre.



### 2From 1998-2010, the crops withthe most use interms ofpounds a.i. applied are peanuts (37%), potatoes (26%), andtomatoes (8%). The crops with the most total area treated (TAT) are peanuts (42%), potatoes (31 %), and tomatoes (6%). On average, the states with the most agricultural usage interms ofpounds a.i. applied are Georgia (25%), Florida (13%), California (9%), Michigan (8%), and Alabama (7%) (Proprietary Data, 1998-2010). 

### USE TRENDS Figure 1,Agricultural Use of Chlorothalonil, presents usage data interms oftotal pounds a.i. applied onpeanuts, potatoes, tomatoes, and other crops during 1998-2010. The overall use of chlorothalonil has remained fairly constant during this time frame. Fi ure 1. A ricultural Use ofChlorothalonil, 1998-2010

12,000,000 ....----------------

• Other Crops PoundsA.I. • Tomatoes
• Potatoes
• Peanuts

Years Note: Crops with the highest use in "Other crops" includes watermelons and cherries (4% each), and onions and cucumbers (3% each). Source: Proprietary Data, 1998-2010 Non-Agricultural As shown in Table 1, the highest use ofchlorothalonil is on golfcourses, with approximately 3 million lbs a.i. per annum being used during the reported years. Consumers used about one million lbs a.i. annually for the years 2000,2003, and 2005. Use on institutional turfincreased from 32,000 lbs a.i. in 2002 to 164,000 lbs a.i. in 2006. The use ofchlorothalonil on landscapes andturffarms fluctuated during the reported years while use for nurseries and greenhouses declined from 2002-2006. Lawn Care Operators' (PCOs) use ofchlorothalonil was approximately 100,000 lbs a.i. on an annual basis from 2002-2006. Non-agricultural use of chlorothalonil is approximately 4.3 million lbs per year.



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### Table 1. 

### N A . I 

### on- ..gncu turaI 

### U fChl se 0 

### orot aODl, 

## - h I '1 2000 2006 Segment Year Pounds A.I. Consumer 2000 800,000 2003 1,050,000 2005 649,000 

### GolfCourses 2002 2,795,000 2004 2,988,000 2006 2,724,000 

### Institutional Turf 2002 32,000 2004 138,000 2006 164,000 

### Landscape 2002 11,000 2004 29,000 2006 5,000 

### Lawn Care 2002 124,000 

### Operators 2004 132,000 2006 112,000 

### Nursery/Greenhouse 2002 416,000 2004 168,000 2006 89,000 

### TurfFarms 2002 41,000 2004 174,000 2006 104,000 Source: Kline and Company, 2000-2006


### BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS RELEVANT TO CHLOROTHALONIL Because ofthe multi-site mode ofaction, chlorothalonil is not prone to resistance development bypathogens. Itis frequently used inresistance management programs as a tank-mix partner or a fungicide that is alternated with site-specific fungicides that are at risk for pathogen resistance development. 

### HISTORY OF BEAD ASSESSMENTS FORCHLOROTHALONIL BEAD reviewed numerous requests for emergency exemptions over many years for chlorothalonil use on ginseng in Wisconsin and Michigan to manage Alternaria stem and leaf blight, Botrytis blight, and/or Phytophthora leafblight. Emergency claims were based onthe lack ofregistered protectant (contact) fungicides for ginseng to manage foliar diseases during the growing season. According to the Office ofPesticide Programs InformationNetwork (OPPIN) chlorothalonil became available for use on ginseng under a Section 3 label in 2009. There was also one Section 18 request for use ofchlorothalonil on oranges in Californiain 2010 (Chen and Smearman, 2010), butitwas due to unusual weather conditions and is not likely to indicate an ongoing benefit ofthe chemical.

4DATA NEEDS RELEVANT TO BEAD'S FUTURE WORK ON CHLOROTHALONIL Obtaining additional infonnation onthe following items would improve future BEAD assessments ofthe importance ofchlorothalonil and may be required as part ofthe registration review ofthis pesticide:

• Usage data (lbs per year) for paints/adhesives/caulking/coating, commercial/institutional/industrial buildings, composition board and concrete surfaces, food handling establishments (FREs), and lumber/timber/wood • The importance ofthese uses, i.e., economic consequences ofnot having the chemical for these uses REFERENCES Chen, C. and Smearman, S. 2010. Review ofSection 18 Submission from California for an Emergency Exemption for the Use ofChlorothalonil on Oranges to Control Septoria Spot, Septaria citri (10CAOl; DP #371948) FRAC. 2011. Fungicide Resistance Action Committee. FRAC Code List©: Fungicides sorted by mode ofaction (including FRAC Code numbering). http://www.frac.info/frac/publicationianhang/FRAC%20Code%20List%2020II-final.pdf (Accessed 14 Sept. 2011) Kline and Company, 2000-2006 Proprietary Data, 1998-2010

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