UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Donald L. Evans

Secretary

NATIONAL OCEANIC AND

ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

VADM Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Jr.

Under Secretary for Oceans

and Atmosphere/Administrator

Oceanic and Atmospheric

Research Laboratories

Louisa Koch

Acting Administrator

NOAA Data Report OAR PMEL-70

CTD MEASUREMENTS DURING 2001 AND 2002 AS PART OF THE TAO/TRITON

PROGRAM

K.E. McTaggart 

G.C. Johnson

Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory

Seattle, Washington

June 2003
NOTICE

Mention of a commercial company or product does not constitute an endorsement by

NOAA/OAR. Use of information from this publication concerning proprietary products

or the tests of such products for publicity or advertising purposes is not authorized.

Contribution No. 2582 from NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory

For sale by the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

ii
Contents iii

Contents

1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2. Sea-Bird 911plus CTD System ................. 2

2.1 Conductivity ........................... 2

2.2 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.3 Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3. Data Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

4. Salinity Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

5. SEASOFT Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

6. Post-Cruise Calibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

6.1 Conductivity ........................... 5

6.2 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

7. Additional Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

8. Data Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

9. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Figures and Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

List of Figures

1a 2001 CTD station locations for the first half of the year (upper panel)

and the second half of the year (lower panel). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1b 2002 CTD station locations for the first half of the year (upper panel)

and the second half of the year (lower panel). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

2a GP1-01-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2b GP2-01-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2c GP3-01-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2d GP4-01-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

2e GP5-01-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2f GP7-01-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2g GP8-01-RB cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

2h GP9-01-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

2i GP1-02-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

2j GP2-02-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

2k GP3-02-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

2l GP4-02-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

2m GP5-02-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

2n GP6-02-RB cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

2o GP7-02-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

2p GP8-02-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

3a Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP1-01-KA (upper panels) and

GP2-01-KA (lower panels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

3b Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP3-01-KA (upper panels) and

GP4-01-KA (lower panels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

3c Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP5-01-KA (upper panels) and

GP7-01-KA (lower panels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
iv Contents

3d Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP8-01-RB (upper panels) and

GP9-01-KA (lower panels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

3e Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP1-02-KA (upper panels) and

GP2-02-KA (lower panels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

3f Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP3-02-KA (upper panels) and

GP4-02-KA (lower panels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

3g Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP5-02-KA (upper panels) and

GP6-02-RB (lower panels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

3h Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP7-02-KA (upper panels) and

GP8-02-KA (lower panels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

4 GP2-01-KA boreal spring and GP8-01-RB fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 95◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C. . . . . . . . . . 58

5 GP1-02-KA boreal spring and GP6-02-RB fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 95◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C. . . . . . . . . . 59

6 GP2-01-KA boreal spring and GP8-01-RB fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 95◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78. . . . . . . . . . 60

7 GP1-02-KA boreal spring and GP6-02-RB fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 95◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78. . . . . . . . . . 61

8 GP2-01-KA boreal spring and GP8-01-RB fall potential density (kg/m

3

)

sections along 95

◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less than

26.0 kg m

−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3. . . . . . . . 62

9 GP1-02-KA boreal spring and GP6-02-RB fall potential density (kg/m

3

)

sections along 95

◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less than

26.0 kg m

−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3. . . . . . . . 63

10 GP2-01-KA boreal spring and GP8-01-RB fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 110◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C. . . . . . . . . 64

11 GP1-02-KA boreal spring and GP6-02-RB fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 110◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C. . . . . . . . . 65

12 GP2-01-KA boreal spring and GP8-01-RB fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 110◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78. . . . . . . . . . 66

13 GP1-02-KA boreal spring and GP6-02-RB fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 110◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78. . . . . . . . . . 67

14 GP2-01-KA boreal spring and GP8-01-RB fall potential density (kg/m

3

)

sections along 110

◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less than

26.0 kg m

−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3. . . . . . . . 68

15 GP1-02-KA boreal spring and GP6-02-RB fall potential density (kg/m

3

)

sections along 110

◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less than

26.0 kg m

−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3. . . . . . . . 69

16 GP1-01-KA boreal winter and GP5-01-KA summer potential temperature (◦C) sections along 125◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C. . . . 70

17 GP2-02-KA boreal spring potential temperature (

◦C) section along

125

◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

18 GP1-01-KA boreal winter and GP5-01-KA summer salinity (PSS-78)

sections along 125

◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78. . . . . . . . 72

19 GP2-02-KA boreal spring salinity (PSS-78) section along 125

◦W.

Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

20 GP1-01-KA boreal winter and GP5-01-KA summer potential density

(kg/m

3) sections along 125◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less

than 26.0 kg m

−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3. . . . . 74
Contents v

21 GP2-02-KA boreal spring potential density (kg/m3) section along

125◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less than 26.0 kg m−3 and

0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

22 GP1-01-KA boreal winter and GP5-01-KA fall potential temperature

(◦C) sections along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C. . . . . . . . . 76

23 GP2-02-KA boreal spring and GP5-02-KA summer potential temperature (◦C) sections along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C. . . . 77

24 GP1-01-KA boreal winter and GP5-01-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78. . . . . . . . . . 78

25 GP2-02-KA boreal spring and GP5-02-KA summer salinity (PSS-78)

sections along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78. . . . . . . . 79

26 GP1-01-KA boreal winter and GP5-01-KA fall potential density (kg/m3)

sections along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less than

26.0 kg m−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3. . . . . . . . 80

27 GP2-02-KA boreal spring and GP5-02-KA summer potential density

(kg/m3) sections along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less

than 26.0 kg m−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3. . . . . 81

28 GP3-01-KA boreal summer and GP7-01-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C. . . . . . 82

29 GP3-02-KA boreal summer and GP7-02-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C. . . . . . 83

30 GP3-01-KA boreal summer and GP7-01-KA fall salinity (PSS-78)

sections along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78. . . . . . . . 84

31 GP3-02-KA boreal summer and GP7-02-KA fall salinity (PSS-78)

sections along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78. . . . . . . . 85

32 GP3-01-KA boreal summer and GP7-01-KA fall potential density

(kg/m3) sections along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less

than 26.0 kg m−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3. . . . . 86

33 GP3-02-KA boreal summer and GP7-02-KA fall potential density

(kg/m3) sections along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less

than 26.0 kg m−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3. . . . . 87

34 GP3-01-KA boreal summer and GP7-01-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C. . . . . . 88

35 GP3-02-KA boreal summer and GP7-02-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C. . . . . . 89

36 GP3-01-KA boreal summer and GP7-01-KA fall salinity (PSS-78)

sections along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78. . . . . . . . 90

37 GP3-02-KA boreal summer and GP7-02-KA fall salinity (PSS-78)

sections along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78. . . . . . . . 91

38 GP3-01-KA boreal summer and GP7-01-KA fall potential density

(kg/m3) sections along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less

than 26.0 kg m−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3. . . . . 92

39 GP3-02-KA boreal summer and GP7-02-KA fall potential density

(kg/m3) sections along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less

than 26.0 kg m−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3. . . . . 93

40 GP4-01-KA boreal summer and GP9-01-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 180◦. Contour intervals are 1◦C. . . . . . . 94

41 GP4-02-KA boreal summer and GP8-02-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 180◦. Contour intervals are 1◦C. . . . . . . 95

42 GP4-01-KA boreal summer and GP9-01-KA fall salinity (PSS-78)

sections along 180◦. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78. . . . . . . . . 96

43 GP4-02-KA boreal summer and GP8-02-KA fall salinity (PSS-78)

sections along 180◦. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78. . . . . . . . . 97
vi Contents

44 GP4-01-KA boreal summer and GP9-01-KA fall potential density

(kg/m

3) sections along 180◦. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less

than 26.0 kg m

−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3. . . . . 98

45 GP4-02-KA boreal summer and GP8-02-KA fall potential density

(kg/m

3) sections along 180◦. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less

than 26.0 kg m

−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3. . . . . 99

46 GP4-01-KA boreal summer and GP9-01-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 165◦E. Contour intervals are 1◦C. . . . . . . 100

47 GP4-02-KA boreal summer and GP8-02-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 165◦E. Contour intervals are 1◦C. . . . . . . 101

48 GP4-01-KA boreal summer and GP9-01-KA fall salinity (PSS-78)

sections along 165

◦E. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78. . . . . . . . 102

49 GP4-02-KA boreal summer and GP8-02-KA fall salinity (PSS-78)

sections along 165

◦E. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78. . . . . . . . 103

50 GP4-01-KA boreal summer and GP9-01-KA fall potential density

(kg/m

3) sections along 165◦E. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less

than 26.0 kg m

−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3. . . . . 104

51 GP4-02-KA boreal summer and GP8-02-KA fall potential density

(kg/m

3) sections along 165◦E. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less

than 26.0 kg m

−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3. . . . . 105

52 GP2-01-KA boreal spring (April 20–26, 2001) and GP8-01-RB fall

(November 20–December 3, 2001) compositeθ-S diagrams along 95

◦W.106

53 GP1-02-KA boreal spring (March 20–April 1, 2002) and GP6-02-RB

fall (October 12–21, 2002) compositeθ-S diagrams along 95

◦W. . . . 107

54 GP2-01-KA boreal spring (April 3–12, 2001) and GP8-01-RB fall

(November 7–20, 2001) compositeθ-S diagrams along 110

◦W. . . . . 108

55 GP1-02-KA boreal spring (March 6–16, 2002) and GP6-02-RB fall

(October 24–November 2, 2002) compositeθ-S diagrams along 110

◦W.109

56 GP1-01-KA boreal winter (February 1–9, 2001) and GP5-01-KA summer (August 19–September 1, 2001) composite θ-S diagrams along

125

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

57 GP2-02-KA boreal spring (April 18–25, 2002) compositeθ-S diagram

along 125

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

58 GP1-01-KA boreal winter (January 19–27, 2001) and GP5-01-KA fall

(September 8–15, 2001) compositeθ-S diagrams along 140

◦W. . . . . 112

59 GP2-02-KA boreal spring (May 2–10, 2002) and GP5-02-KA summer

(August 22–30, 2002) compositeθ-S diagrams along 140

◦W. . . . . . 113

60 GP3-01-KA boreal summer (June 1–9, 2001) and GP7-01-KA fall

(September 30–October 9, 2001) compositeθ-S diagrams along 155

◦W.114

61 GP3-02-KA boreal summer (June 1–9, 2002) and GP7-02-KA fall

(October 6–14, 2002) compositeθ-S diagrams along 155

◦W. . . . . . 115

62 GP3-01-KA boreal summer (June 14–24, 2001) and GP7-01-KA fall

(October 13–22, 2001) compositeθ-S diagrams along 170

◦W. . . . . 116

63 GP3-02-KA boreal summer (June 16–24, 2002) and GP7-02-KA fall

(October 17–23, 2002) compositeθ-S diagrams along 170

◦W. . . . . 117

64 GP4-01-KA boreal summer (July 16–25, 2001) and GP9-01-KA fall

(November 10–24, 2001) compositeθ-S diagrams along 180

◦. . . . . 118

65 GP4-02-KA boreal summer (July 16–25, 2002) and GP8-02-KA fall

(November 13–22, 2002) compositeθ-S diagrams along 180

◦. . . . . 119

66 GP4-01-KA boreal summer (July 4–12, 2001) and GP9-01-KA fall

(October 31–November 6, 2001) compositeθ-S diagrams along 165

◦E. 120

67 GP4-02-KA boreal summer (July 6–13, 2002) and GP8-02-KA fall

(November 2–9, 2002) compositeθ-S diagrams along 165

◦E. . . . . . 121
Contents vii

List of Tables

1a GP1-01-KA CTD Cast Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

1b GP2-01-KA CTD Cast Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

1c GP3-01-KA CTD Cast Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

1d GP4-01-KA CTD Cast Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

1e GP5-01-KA CTD Cast Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

1f GP7-01-KA CTD Cast Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

1g GP8-01-RB CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

1h GP9-01-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

1i GP1-02-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

1j GP2-02-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

1k GP3-02-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

1l GP4-02-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

1m GP5-02-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

1n GP6-02-RB CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

1o GP7-02-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

1p GP8-02-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

2 Drift and viscous heating corrections for CTD temperature calibration. 48

3 Station groupings for CTD conductivity calibrations. . . . . . . . . . 49

4 Weather condition code used to describe each set of CTD measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

5 Sea state code used to describe each set of CTD measurements . . . 122

6 Visibility code used to describe each set of CTD measurements . . . 122

7 Cloud type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

8 Cloud amount. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 as Part of the

TAO/TRITON Program

K.E. McTaggart and G.C. Johnson

Abstract. During 2001 and 2002, CTD data were collected in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during

cruises to service the TAO/TRITON array, a network of deep ocean moored buoys deployed to support ENSO research and forecasting. Summaries of Sea-Bird CTD measurements and hydrographic

data acquired on 16 cruises are presented. Composite potential temperature-salinity diagrams and

section plots of oceanographic variables along 95◦W, 110◦W, 125◦W, 140◦W, 155◦W, 170◦W, 180◦,

and 165◦E meridians are given. Profiles including station location, meteorological conditions, and

abbreviated CTD data listings are shown on the report CD for each cast. Hydrographic data are

listed for each cruise on the report CD.

1. Introduction

CTD data are collected in the equatorial Pacific Ocean in conjunction with

the maintenance of the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO)/TRITON array.

TAO/TRITON servicing cruises (and the shipboard measurements that are

an integral part of them) are support for NOAA strategic plan element to

Implement Seasonal-to-Interannual Climate Forecasts, and support of the

International Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) program,

the El Ni ̃no/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Observing System, the Global

Ocean Observing System (GOOS), and the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS).

The TAO/TRITON array, completed in 1994, consists of approximately

70 deep ocean moorings within 8 degrees of the equator spanning the Pacific

Basin from 95◦W to 137◦E. Moorings west of 165◦E are maintained by the

Japan Science and Technology Center (JAMSTEC). High quality oceanographic and surface meteorological data are recorded and reported in real

time using the Argos satellite data telemetry system. These data are used

to improve understanding, modeling, and prediction of the global interannual climate fluctuations associated with the El Ni ̃no-Southern Oscillation

phenomena in the tropical Pacific Ocean.

The primary objective of TAO/TRITON cruises is the recovery and deployment of moorings. Each mooring line is occupied twice a year, once

during the first half of the year, and again approximately 4–7 months later.

Figures 1a and b show the CTD station locations for each half-yearly occupation during 2001–2002. The second occupation of 125◦W during 2002

was cancelled owing to ship’s engine problems. At a minimum, CTD casts

supporting the TAO/TRITON program are conducted at each mooring site

to a depth of 1000 m. As time allows, additional CTD work is prioritized as

follows: (1) 1000 m casts at 1-degree intervals between 12◦N and 8◦S along

the ship trackline, (2) deep casts at mooring sites to a minimum depth of

3000 m or a maximum depth 200 m above the bottom, (3) 1000 m casts

every one-half degree of latitude between 3◦N and 3◦S. Although there are

no TAO/TRITON moorings north of 8◦N, CTD profiles are collected to

12◦N along the ship’s trackline whenever possible to measure across the
2 McTaggart and Johnson

North Equatorial Counter Current. Physical underway operations include

shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measurements, sea

surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS) measurements, and routine

weather observations.

CTD measurements are used to verify moored temperature sensor data,

calculate dynamic height, and at many sites, are the only observations of

the equatorial Pacific salinity field. CTD measurements are also used to aid

in the calibration of moored conductivity sensor data. These CTD data are

quickly processed, calibrated, and distributed internationally to a wide variety of users: biological, chemical, and physical oceanographers at universities

and government laboratories, including NOAA/NCEP, for improvement of

ENSO predictions.

Summaries of CTD measurements and hydrographic data collected on 16

cruises during 2001 and 2002 are presented here. Data include meridional

sections across the equator along 95◦W, 110◦W, 125◦W, 140◦W, 155◦W,

170◦W, 180◦, and 165◦E. Figures 2a–p show the cruise track and CTD station locations for each cruise. Tables 1a–p summarizes CTD station information for each cruise. Cruise name notation is GPx-yy-zz, where x is the

sequential cruise number during each year, yy is the year (01 or 02), and zz

is the ship code (KA for the NOAA ship Ka’imimoana, RB for the NOAA

ship Ronald H. Brown). Sea-Bird 911plus systems are used to acquire CTD

data on all cruises. Pressure, temperature, and conductivity are sampled at

a rate of 24 Hz. Water samples are collected on the upcast using an electronically fired rosette sampler and used to calibrate CTD data (see section

6). Salinity is analyzed using an autosalinometer (see section 4).

2. Sea-Bird 911plus CTD System

The Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. (SBE) 911plus CTD system is a real-time data

system with the CTD data from the SBE 9plus underwater unit transmitted

via a conducting cable to the SBE 11plus deck unit. The serial data from

the underwater unit are sent to the deck unit in RS-232 NRZ format. The

deck unit decodes the serial data and sends it to a personal computer for

display and storage using Sea-Bird SEASOFT software program SEASAVE.

The SBE 911plus CTD system transmits data from its primary and auxiliary

sensors in the form of binary number equivalents of the frequency or voltage

outputs from those sensors. These are referred to as the raw data. The

calculations required to convert raw data to engineering units are performed

in the software, either in real time, or after the data have been stored in a

disk file (Seasoft, 1994).

2.1 Conductivity

The flow-through conductivity sensing element is a glass tube (cell) with

three platinum electrodes. The resistance measured between the center electrode and end electrode pair is determined by the cell geometry and the

specific conductance of the fluid within the cell, and controls the output

frequency of a Wien Bridge circuit. The sensor has a frequency output
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 3

of approximately 3 to 12 kHz corresponding to conductivity from 0 to 7

Siemens/meter (0 to 70 mmho/cm). The SBE conductivity sensor has a

typical accuracy/stability of ±0.0003 S/m/month, and resolution of 0.00004

S/m at 24 Hz.

Sensor calibrations are performed at Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. in Bellevue, Washington on a roughly annual basis. Conductivity calibration certificates show an equation containing the appropriate pressure-dependent

correction term to account for the effect of hydrostatic loading (pressure) on

the conductivity cell:

C(S/m) = (g + hf 2 + if 3 + jf 4)/[10(1 + ctcor t + cpcor p)]

where g, h, i, j, ctcor, and cpcor are calibration coefficients, f is the instrument frequency (kHz), t is the water temperature (◦C), and p is the water

pressure (dbar). SEASOFT automatically implements this equation.

2.2 Temperature

The temperature sensing element is a glass-coated thermistor bead, pressureprotected by a stainless steel tube. The sensor output frequency ranges from

approximately 5 to 13 kHz corresponding to temperature from −5 to 35 degrees Celsius. The output frequency is inversely proportional to the square

root of the thermistor resistance which controls the output of a patented

Wien Bridge circuit. The thermistor resistance is exponentially related to

temperature. The SBE thermometer has a typical accuracy/stability of

±0.004◦C per year; and resolution of 0.0003◦C at 24 Hz. The SBE thermometer has a fast response time of 0.070 seconds.

Sensor calibrations are performed at Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. on a

roughly annual basis. Temperature (IPTS-90) is computed according to

T(

◦C) = 1/{g + h[ln(f0/f)] + i[ln2(f0/f)] + j[ln3(f0/f)]} − 273.15

where g, h, i, j, and f0 are calibration coefficients, and f is the instrument

frequency (kHz). SEASOFT automatically implements this equation, and

converts between ITS-90 and IPTS-68 temperature scales when selected.

2.3 Pressure

The Paroscientific series 4000 Digiquartz high pressure transducer uses a

quartz crystal resonator whose frequency of oscillation varies with pressureinduced stress measuring changes in pressure as small as 0.01 parts per

million with an absolute range of 0 to 10,000 psia (0 to 6885 decibars). Also,

a quartz crystal temperature signal is used to compensate for a wide range of

temperature changes. Repeatability, hysteresis, and pressure conformance

are 0.005% FS. The nominal pressure frequency (0 to full scale) is 34 to

38 kHz. The nominal temperature frequency is 172 kHz + 50 ppm/◦C.

Periodic sensor calibrations are performed at Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.

Pressure coefficients are first formulated into
4 McTaggart and Johnson

c = c1 + c2 ∗ U + c3 ∗ U2

d = d1 + d2 ∗ U

t0 = t1 + t2 ∗ U + t3 ∗ U2 + t4 ∗ U3 + t5 ∗ U4

where U is temperature in degrees Celsius. Then pressure is computed according to

P(psia) = c ∗ [1 − (t02/t2)] ∗ {1 − d[1 − (t02/t2)]}

where t is pressure period (μs). SEASOFT automatically implements this

equation.

3. Data Acquisition

The package enters the water and is held beneath the surface for 60 seconds

in order to prime the system. Under ideal conditions the package should be

lowered at a rate of 30 m/min to 50 m, 45 m/min to 200 m, and 60 m/min

to depth. Ship heave may cause substantial variation about these mean lowering rates. Cable tension is monitored at the winch box display. Maximum

cast depth is 200 m from the bottom as reported by the ship’s fathometer.

Nominally 12 water samples are collected during the upcast using an

SBE rosette. Five- or ten-liter Niskin sample bottles are used depending on

the cruise. Bottle closures are performed through the SEASOFT software.

A backup of the analog data stream is made on VHS tape. Digitized

data on the PC are backed up onto Zip disks and CD-ROM.

CTD data acquired during GP901 were especially problematic owing to

faulty sea cable and slip ring terminations. Salinity data were unrecoverable

for stations 0071 0-238 dbar, 0081 0-149 dbar, 0091 0-284 dbar, 0101 0-362

dbar, all of 0151, all of 0181, all of 0191, all of 0201, and 0221 0-200 dbar.

Also, GP402 station 0091 data exist from 275-818 dbar only.

4. Salinity Analysis

Bottle salinity analyses are performed in temperature-controlled environments using Guildline Model 8400B inductive autosalinometers equipped

with Ocean Scientific International, Ltd. ACI2000 computer interface and

standardized with IAPSO Standard Seawater. The autosalinometer is standardized before each run and the correction is applied in the software. Ten

scans of data are averaged for each reading. Three readings are taken per

sample and averaged for one sample salinity value. Bottle salinities are compared to preliminary CTD salinities at sea to aid in the identification of

leaking bottles as well as to monitor the CTD conductivity cells’ performance and drift. Their use in calibrating CTD conductivity on shore is

detailed in section 6. The expected precision of the autosalinometer with an

accomplished operator is 0.001 PSS-78, with an accuracy of 0.002.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 5

5. SEASOFT Processing

SEASOFT consists of modular menu-driven routines for acquisition, display, processing, and archiving of oceanographic data acquired with Sea-Bird

equipment and is designed to work with an IBM or compatible personal computer. Raw data are acquired from the instruments and stored unmodified.

The conversion module DATCNV uses instrument configuration and precruise calibration files to create a converted engineering unit data file that

is operated on by all SEASOFT post processing modules. The following

describes each processing module used and notes the specifications in the

reduction of TAO CTD data.

ALIGNCTD advances secondary conductivity relative to temperature by

0.073 s. This is the typical net advance of ducted temperature and conductivity sensors with a 3000-rpm pump. The SBE 11plus deck unit automatically

advances primary conductivity. ROSSUM creates a summary of the bottle

data. Pressure, temperature, and conductivity are averaged over a 2-s interval after the confirm bit in the upcast data stream. WILDEDIT marks

extreme outliers in the data files. The first pass obtains an accurate estimate

of the true standard deviation of the data. The data are read in blocks of 100

scans. Data greater than two standard deviations are flagged. The second

pass computes a standard deviation over the same 100 scans excluding the

flagged values. Values greater than 20 standard deviations are marked bad.

All flagged data are excluded. FILTER performs a low-pass filter on pressure

with a time constant of 0.15 s. In order to produce a zero phase (no time

shift) the filter first runs forward through the file and then runs backwards

through the file. CELLTM uses a recursive filter to remove conductivity cell

thermal mass effects from the measured conductivity. Nominal values are

used for thermal anomaly amplitude (alpha = 0.03) and the time constant

(1/beta = 7.0). LOOPEDIT excludes scans where the minimum velocity of

the package is less than 0.25 m/s or the package has reversed its direction

owing to ship heave. BINAVG averages the data into 1-dbar pressure bins

starting at 1 dbar (no surface bin). The center value of the first bin is set

equal to the bin size. The bin minimum and maximum values are the center

value plus or minus half the bin size. DERIVE computes selected variables

such as salinity, potential temperature, and potential density.

6. Post-Cruise Calibrations

6.1 Conductivity

PMEL Fortran program SBECAL combines SEASOFT bottle files into one

listing. PMEL Fortran program ADDSAL reads bottle salinity data received

from Survey personnel and adds it to the combined listing. MATLAB functions CALCOSn are used to determine the best fit of CTD and bottle data,

where n is the order of the station-dependent linear or polynomial fit. CALCOSn recursively throws out data greater than a specified number of standard deviations (usually 2.8). CALCOSn returns a single conductivity bias

and a conductivity slope for each station. A station-dependent slope coef-
6 McTaggart and Johnson

ficient best models the gradual shift in the conductivity sensor within each

station grouping with time. CALCOPn additionally returns a linear pressure term (modified beta) that is multiplied by CTD pressure and added to

conductivity. The order of the polynomial was chosen to keep the standard

deviation of each grouping to a minimum while avoiding fitting to fluctuations due to noise in standardizations of salinity sample runs.

Table 3 lists the conductivity calibration coefficients determined for each

station grouping. In many cases, the standard deviation of the fit is higher

than in recent years and is the result of a decrease in the overall quality

of salinity analyses performed by less experienced, augmenting survey technicians on the Ka’imimoana. Salinity data were generally saltier than the

CTD data possibly owing to poor sampling technique, contamination, evaporation, etc. Salinity data were so poor during GP401, GP701, GP901, and

GP102 that the standard deviation beyond which to reject outliers had to be

lowered to 2.2 or 2.3. Calibrated profiles were compared to historical deep

theta-salinity profiles, and an additional offset had to be applied to CTD

salinity in order to bring the profiles from these cruises into agreement with

the historical envelope of deep profiles. The salinity offset applied to stations

1–18 of GP402 may be due to the samples sitting 4 weeks before analysis.

PMEL Fortran program CALMSTR applies post-cruise calibrations to

temperature and conductivity, and computes final salinity values. Final

pressure calibrations were pre-cruise. CTD-bottle conductivity differences

(Figs. 3a–h) are used to verify the success of the fit parameters.

6.2 Temperature

Adjustments were made to the bias of the thermistors using a linear fit of

the sensor drift history from calibration data taken over the previous few

years, projected to the midpoint of each cruise. These drift corrections

are small (order 1 × 10−3 ◦C). Also, a uniform correction was applied for

heating of the thermistor owing to viscous effects. Thermistors are biased

high by this effect and were adjusted down by 0.6e-03 ◦C. This results in

errors of no more than ±0.15e-03 ◦C from this effect for the full range of

oceanographic temperature and salinity. Table 2 lists the drift and viscous

heating corrections applied to temperature for these cruises.

7. Additional Processing

SEASOFT processing modules are followed by PMEL Fortran program

CNV EPS. CNV EPS applies post-cruise calibrations to conductivity and

converts the 1-dbar averaged CTD data to NetCDF format. CNV EPS

creates a WOCE quality flag associated with each record of pressure, temperature, and CTD salinity. Quality flag definitions can be found in the

WOCE Operations Manual (1994). CNV EPS skips bad records near the

surface and also any records flagged bad by SEASOFT. Measured data are

copied back to 0 dbar and gaps are linearly interpolated such that a record

exits every 1 dbar. WOCE flags are ammended to reflect these changes.

CNV EPS calculates ITS-90 temperature and salinity (PSS-78), as well as
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 7

potential temperature (IPTS-68), sigma-t, and sigma-theta using the 1980

equation of state algorithms described by Fofonoff and Millard (1983). Dynamic height in dynamic meters is calculated by integrating down from the

sea surface.

PMEL Fortran program CLB EPS creates individual bottle files in

NetCDF format for each cast.

8. Data Presentation

The majority of plots in this report were produced using Plot Plus Scientific

Graphics System (Denbo, 1992). Figures 4–51 are potential temperature,

salinity, and sigma-theta sections for each meridian. Figures 52–67 are composite potential temperature-salinity (θ-S) diagrams for each meridian. Tables 4–8 define the abbreviations and units used in the CTD data summary

listings that are presented alongside 0–1000 m profiles of each cast for each

cruise. Hydrographic bottle data at discrete depths are also given for each

cruise.

9. Acknowledgments

The assistance of the officers, crew, and scientific parties of the NOAA ships

Ka’imimoana and Ronald H. Brown are gratefully acknowledged. This research

was supported by NOAA’s Office of Global Programs.

10. References

Denbo, D.W. (1992): PPLUS Graphics, P.O. Box 4, Sequim, WA, 98382.

Fofonoff, N.P., and R.C. Millard (1983): Algorithms for computation of fundamental

properties of seawater. UNESCO Report No. 44, 15–24.

Lynch, J.M., L.J. Mangum, and S.P. Hayes (1988): CTD/O2 measurements during

1986 as part of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS). NOAA

Data Report ERL-PMEL-24 (PB89-102859), 261 pp.

Mangum, L.J., N.N. Soreide, B.D. Davies, B.D. Spell, and S.P. Hayes (1980):

CTD/O2 measurements during the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Study

(EPOCS) in 1979. NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-1 (PB81-211203), 645 pp.

Mangum, L.J., and S. P. Hayes (1983): CTD/O2 measurements during 1980 and

1981 as part of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS). NOAA

Data Report ERL PMEL-9 (PB81-211203), 621 pp.

Mangum, L.J., and S.P. Hayes (1985): CTD/O2 measurements during 1982 and

1983 as part of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS). NOAA

Data Report ERL PMEL-13 (PB85-239648/XAB), 421 pp.

Mangum, L.J., J.M. Lynch, and S.P. Hayes (1987): CTD/O2 measurements during 1984 and 1985 as part of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies

(EPOCS). NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-18 (PB88-102082), 341 pp.

Mangum, L.J., J.M. Lynch, K.E. McTaggart, L. Stratton, and S.P. Hayes (1991):

CTD/O2 measurements collected on TEW (Transport of Equatorial Waters)

June–August 1987. NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-33 (PB91-224527), 375 pp.

Mangum, L., J. Lynch, L. Stratton, and K. McTaggart (1993): CTD/O2 measurements during 1987 and 1988 as part of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate

Studies (EPOCS). NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-46 (PB94-109915), 621 pp.
8 McTaggart and Johnson

McTaggart, K., L. Stratton, and L. Mangum (1993): CTD/O

2 measurements during 1989 and 1990 as part of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies

(EPOCS). NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-47 (PB94-103249), 466 pp.

McTaggart, K., D. Wilson, and L. Mangum (1993): CTD measurements collected

on a Climate and Global Change cruise along 170

◦W during February–April

1990. NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-44 (PB93-226041), 265 pp.

McTaggart, K., and L. Mangum (1994): CTD/O

2 measurements during 1991 and

1992 as part of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS). NOAA

Data Report ERL PMEL-50 (PB94-219003), 742 pp.

McTaggart, K.E., M.K. O’Haleck, G.C. Johnson, and L.J. Mangum (1996):

CTD measurements during 1993 and 1994 as part of the Equatorial Pacific

Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS). NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-60 (PB97-

137418/PB97-137426) (2 volumes), 976 pp.

McTaggart, K.E., M.K. O’Haleck, G.C. Johnson, and L.J. Mangum (1997): CTD

measurements during 1995 and 1996 as part of the Global Ocean-AtmosphereLand System (GOALS) Pan American Climate Studies (PACS). NOAA Data

Report ERL PMEL-62 (PB98-109390INZ), 637 pp.

McTaggart, K E., and G.C. Johnson (1999): CTD measurements during 1997

and 1998 as part of the Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (GOALS) Pan

American Climate Studies (PACS). NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-66 (PB99-

146128/146110) (2 volumes), 770 pp.

McTaggart, K.E., G.J. Johnson, C.I. Fleurant, and M.O. Baringer (1999): CTD/O

2

measurements collected on a Climate and Global Change cruise along 24

◦

N

in the Atlantic Ocean (WOCE section AR01) during January–February 1998.

NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-68 (PB99-155194), 358 pp.

McTaggart, K.E., and G.J. Johnson (2001): CTD measurements collected during

1999 and 2000 as part of the Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (GOALS)

Pan American Climate Studies (PACS). NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-69

(two volumes, PB2001-107620/107621), 1054 pp.

Owens, W.B., and R.C. Millard Jr. (1985): A new algorithm for CTD oxygen

calibration. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15, 621–631.

Press, W., B. Flannery, S. Teukolsky, and W. Vetterling (1986): Numerical Recipes:

The Art of Scientific Computing. Cambridge University Press, 818 pp.

Seasoft CTD Acquisition Software Manual (1994): Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., 1808

136th Place NE, Bellevue, Washington, 98005.

WOCE Operations Manual (1994): Volume 3: The Observational Programme, Section 3.1: WOCE Hydrographic Programme, Part 3.1.2: Requirements for WHP

Data Reporting. WHP Office Report 90-1, WOCE Report No. 67/91, Woods

Hole, MA, 02543.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 9

FIGURES AND TABLES
10 McTaggart and Johnson

2001 CTD Station Locations

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 1a: 2001 CTD station locations for the first half of the year (upper panel) and the second half of

the year (lower panel).
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 11

2002 CTD Station Locations

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 1b: 2002 CTD station locations for the first half of the year (upper panel) and the second half of

the year (lower panel).
12 McTaggart and Johnson

GP101KA (Jan 14 Feb 15) Honolulu, HI San Diego, CA

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2a: GP1-01-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 13

Table 1a: GP1-01-KA CTD Cast Summary

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 12◦ 0.2N 144◦ 45.4W 19 Jan 01 1057 62 20 5249 1003

21 11◦ 0.1

N 143◦ 14.4W 19 Jan 01 2348 30 21 5316 1003

31 10◦ 0.5

N 141◦ 44.8W 20 Jan 01 1241 44 17 5052 1002

41 8◦ 59.5

N 140◦ 15.6W 21 Jan 01 145 63 18 4832 1003

51 8◦ 0.8

N 140◦ 10.8W 21 Jan 01 950 109 14 5116 1002

61 7◦ 0.3

N 140◦ 6.1W 21 Jan 01 1857 182 19 4996 4004

71 6◦ 0.3

N 140◦ 3.0W 22 Jan 01 509 88 14 1003

81 5◦ 3.8

N 139◦ 58.7W 22 Jan 01 1318 61 14 4470 3003

91 4◦ 0.3

N 139◦ 59.0W 23 Jan 01 659 98 13 4340 1003

101 3◦ 0.3

N 139◦ 59.1W 23 Jan 01 1408 111 15 4297 1003

111 2◦ 0.5

N 139◦ 59.4W 24 Jan 01 534 96 18 4376 1004

121 1◦ 30.3

N 139◦ 57.3W 24 Jan 01 1013 94 15 4372 1004

131 1◦ 0.1

N 139◦ 55.8W 24 Jan 01 1431 101 20 4343 1004

141 0◦ 29.8

N 139◦ 54.3W 24 Jan 01 1842 112 17 4346 1003

151 0◦ 1.6

N 139◦ 53.4W 25 Jan 01 453 89 16 4352 4006

161 0◦ 30.1

S 139◦ 53.9W 26 Jan 01 46 119 12 4228 1002

171 0◦ 59.9

S 139◦ 54.9W 26 Jan 01 448 111 10 4224 1004

181 1◦ 29.9

S 139◦ 55.9W 26 Jan 01 843 94 13 4346 1003

191 1◦ 57.0

S 139◦ 56.8W 26 Jan 01 1307 83 8 4175 3003

201 2◦ 29.8

S 139◦ 56.8W 27 Jan 01 404 71 13 4394 1003

211 3◦ 0.0

S 139◦ 56.2W 27 Jan 01 802 85 11 4289 1003

221 3◦ 59.6

S 139◦ 55.1W 27 Jan 01 1447 73 13 4513 1002

231 5◦ 0.1

S 139◦ 54.1W 27 Jan 01 2259 53 11 4356 1002

241 7◦ 57.7

S 125◦ 0.6W 1 Feb 01 732 103 11 4576 1004

251 6◦ 59.8

S 124◦ 59.6W 1 Feb 01 1412 111 16 4751 1003

261 6◦ 0.0

S 124◦ 57.8W 1 Feb 01 2117 103 14 4436 1002

271 5◦ 2.1

S 124◦ 56.4W 2 Feb 01 604 80 11 4548 4007

281 3◦ 59.9

S 124◦ 53.9W 2 Feb 01 737 91 11 4487 1003

291 2◦ 59.8

S 124◦ 53.8W 2 Feb 01 1434 80 10 4618 1002

301 2◦ 30.0

S 124◦ 53.1W 3 Feb 01 1830 95 12 4192 1002

311 2◦ 0.9

S 124◦ 52.7W 3 Feb 01 2233 92 12 4654 1003

321 1◦ 29.9

S 124◦ 44.2W 4 Feb 01 239 104 7 4566 1002

331 1◦ 0.1

S 124◦ 26.7W 4 Feb 01 633 106 12 4687 1004

341 0◦ 30.1

S 124◦ 27.5W 4 Feb 01 1044 130 10 4532 1004

351 0◦ 10.7

S 124◦ 23.0W 4 Feb 01 1342 113 11 4736 1002

361 0◦ 30.0

N 124◦ 36.9W 5 Feb 01 618 108 16 4589 1004

371 1◦ 0.2

N 124◦ 46.6W 5 Feb 01 1014 121 14 4608 1002

381 1◦ 30.0

N 124◦ 56.9W 5 Feb 01 1420 119 16 4635 1002

391 2◦ 0.9

N 125◦ 6.9W 5 Feb 01 1828 122 17 4721 1004

401 2◦ 29.7

N 125◦ 4.5W 5 Feb 01 2221 131 16 4577 1003

411 3◦ 0.0

N 125◦ 1.8W 6 Feb 01 219 132 12 4444 1001

421 4◦ 0.0

N 124◦ 57.1W 6 Feb 01 919 127 13 4433 1003

431 5◦ 3.8

N 124◦ 52.0W 6 Feb 01 1649 85 12 4362 1003

441 6◦ 0.3

N 124◦ 54.5W 6 Feb 01 2337 77 16 4395 1002

451 6◦ 59.9

N 124◦ 57.5W 7 Feb 01 644 107 15 4635 1004

461 8◦ 2.7

N 125◦ 0.8W 7 Feb 01 2043 69 18 4640 1003

471 9◦ 0.3

N 124◦ 44.0W 8 Feb 01 412 50 16 4593 1005

481 10◦ 0.0

N 124◦ 27.5W 8 Feb 01 1131 59 20 4629 1003

491 11◦ 0.1

N 124◦ 10.6W 8 Feb 01 1855 54 20 4633 505

501 12◦ 0.2

N 123◦ 53.7W 9 Feb 01 732 54 25 4580 1011
14 McTaggart and Johnson

GP201KA (Mar 28 May 4) San Diego, CA San Diego, CA

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2b: GP2-01-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 15

Table 1b: GP2-01-KA CTD Cast Summary

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 12◦ 0.0N 111◦ 1.8W 3 Apr 01 520 43 9 3811 1004

21 11◦ 0.6

N 110◦ 48.3W 3 Apr 01 1236 39 15 3854 1007

31 10◦ 1.1

N 110◦ 35.6W 3 Apr 01 2042 47 14 3655 3005

51 8◦ 0.6

N 110◦ 8.2W 4 Apr 01 1516 77 11 4150 1004

61 7◦ 0.1

N 110◦ 4.6W 4 Apr 01 2237 29 13 3694 1002

71 6◦ 0.1

N 110◦ 1.5W 5 Apr 01 622 22 13 3743 1002

81 5◦ 0.4

N 109◦ 59.3W 5 Apr 01 2126 10 4 3953 1003

91 4◦ 0.3

N 109◦ 59.4W 6 Apr 01 445 1 9 3902 1005

101 3◦ 0.6

N 110◦ 0.6W 6 Apr 01 1152 326 7 3876 1002

111 2◦ 29.9

N 110◦ 0.8W 6 Apr 01 1602 340 6 3758 1003

121 2◦ 1.2

N 110◦ 0.8W 6 Apr 01 2109 353 8 3727 1002

131 1◦ 30.1

N 110◦ 2.5W 7 Apr 01 112 261 8 3816 1003

141 0◦ 59.9

N 110◦ 4.7W 7 Apr 01 503 335 3 3735 1003

151 0◦ 30.1

N 110◦ 5.2W 7 Apr 01 904 183 11 3727 1002

161 0◦ 3.8

S 109◦ 53.7W 8 Apr 01 758 126 5 3754 3002

181 1◦ 0.1

S 109◦ 56.2W 9 Apr 01 612 89 7 3948 1002

191 1◦ 30.1

S 109◦ 56.9W 9 Apr 01 1007 71 8 3867 1004

201 1◦ 56.0

S 109◦ 58.0W 9 Apr 01 1341 94 11 3952 1003

211 2◦ 59.8

S 109◦ 58.7W 9 Apr 01 2316 125 9 3874 1002

221 4◦ 0.1

S 109◦ 59.5W 10 Apr 01 608 136 6 3612 1004

231 4◦ 59.4

S 110◦ 0.1W 10 Apr 01 2053 144 6 3696 1001

241 6◦ 0.0

S 109◦ 58.9W 11 Apr 01 437 109 19 3800 1004

251 6◦ 59.8

S 109◦ 57.5W 11 Apr 01 1245 114 18 3528 1004

261 8◦ 3.1

S 109◦ 57.5W 12 Apr 01 218 128 12 3494 1002

271 5◦ 1.3

S 95◦ 5.2W 20 Apr 01 1837 137 16 3815 1003

281 1◦ 59.2

S 95◦ 10.5W 21 Apr 01 1325 142 15 3431 1003

291 0◦ 15.8

N 95◦ 5.8W 22 Apr 01 505 143 2 3256 1002

301 1◦ 0.5

N 95◦ 4.1W 22 Apr 01 945 120 2 3415 1004

311 2◦ 2.6

N 95◦ 20.0W 22 Apr 01 2141 113 2 2697 1004

321 3◦ 0.5

N 95◦ 5.9W 23 Apr 01 607 185 4 3163 1004

331 3◦ 43.8

N 94◦ 56.0W 23 Apr 01 1127 143 4 2906 1003

341 5◦ 4.1

N 94◦ 55.9W 24 Apr 01 455 20 7 3570 1002

351 5◦ 59.9

N 94◦ 56.9W 24 Apr 01 1135 70 4 1003

361 6◦ 59.8

N 94◦ 56.4W 24 Apr 01 1828 30 9 3669 1001

371 8◦ 3.5

N 94◦ 57.6W 25 Apr 01 154 64 15 3661 1003

381 9◦ 0.2

N 94◦ 55.2W 25 Apr 01 817 67 12 3532 1003

391 10◦ 0.2

N 94◦ 54.5W 25 Apr 01 2041 48 14 3822 1002

401 11◦ 0.2

N 94◦ 53.3W 26 Apr 01 313 87 14 3933 1003

411 11◦ 59.9

N 94◦ 53.7W 26 Apr 01 948 9 7 4045 1002
16 McTaggart and Johnson

GP301KA (May 29 Jun 27) Honolulu, HI Kwajalein, Marshall Islands

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2c: GP3-01-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 17

Table 1c: GP3-01-KA CTD Cast Summary

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 12◦ 0.4N 155◦ 52.8W 1 Jun 01 1512 60 9 1001

21 11◦ 0.1

N 155◦ 39.3W 1 Jun 01 2228 68 17 5209 1003

31 10◦ 0.5

N 155◦ 26.2W 2 Jun 01 545 58 16 5351 1002

41 9◦ 0.0

N 155◦ 13.7W 2 Jun 01 1250 62 16 5284 1007

51 7◦ 57.6

N 155◦ 0.8W 3 Jun 01 402 78 16 5209 1001

61 7◦ 0.0

N 154◦ 58.3W 3 Jun 01 1046 49 15 4977 1002

71 6◦ 0.3

N 154◦ 56.9W 2 Jun 01 1733 48 20 4828 1003

81 5◦ 1.9

N 154◦ 55.8W 4 Jun 01 615 62 8 4045

91 4◦ 0.2

N 154◦ 55.4W 5 Jun 01 332 75 8 4691 1002

101 3◦ 0.1

N 154◦ 55.8W 5 Jun 01 1026 55 14 4806 1001

111 2◦ 29.9

N 154◦ 56.3W 5 Jun 01 1428 54 13 4834 1002

121 1◦ 59.8

N 154◦ 57.3W 6 Jun 01 226 84 11 4643 1003

131 1◦ 30.5

N 154◦ 57.0W 6 Jun 01 639 77 11 4661 1001

141 0◦ 59.9

N 154◦ 58.6W 6 Jun 01 1100 81 13 4763 1003

151 0◦ 30.1

N 154◦ 59.2W 6 Jun 01 1504 75 16 4783 1002

161 0◦ 0.1

N 155◦ 0.4W 7 Jun 01 107 83 8 4675 1005

171 0◦ 30.0

S 154◦ 59.6W 7 Jun 01 529 80 9 4866 1003

181 1◦ 0.0

S 154◦ 58.7W 7 Jun 01 925 76 12 1002

191 1◦ 30.1

S 154◦ 58.6W 7 Jun 01 1322 74 13 4881 1001

201 2◦ 0.2

S 154◦ 59.4W 8 Jun 01 155 60 10 4986 1004

211 2◦ 29.9

S 154◦ 59.1W 8 Jun 01 547 56 14 5006 1002

221 2◦ 59.7

S 155◦ 0.2W 8 Jun 01 936 32 13 4969 1002

231 3◦ 59.7

S 155◦ 2.0W 8 Jun 01 1613 30 12 2667 1002

241 5◦ 0.0

S 154◦ 59.7W 8 Jun 01 2313 17 9 4996 1003

251 5◦ 59.8

S 154◦ 59.8W 9 Jun 01 613 30 7 5260 1002

261 6◦ 59.9

S 155◦ 0.2W 9 Jun 01 1312 196 7 5146 1001

271 8◦ 14.5

S 155◦ 0.8W 9 Jun 01 2139 95 2 5283 1002

281 7◦ 58.7

S 170◦ 0.8W 14 Jun 01 1553 84 13 5367 1002

291 6◦ 59.6

S 170◦ 1.8W 15 Jun 01 19 75 10 4635 995

301 5◦ 59.7

S 170◦ 1.0W 15 Jun 01 705 62 14 1002

311 5◦ 1.9

S 170◦ 0.7W 15 Jun 01 1403 60 13 5427 3002

321 3◦ 59.8

S 170◦ 1.1W 16 Jun 01 845 80 13 5725 1002

331 2◦ 59.9

S 170◦ 1.2W 16 Jun 01 1523 115 3 5048 1003

341 2◦ 29.9

S 170◦ 1.4W 16 Jun 01 1918 36 6 5567 1004

351 2◦ 10.7

S 170◦ 1.1W 16 Jun 01 2202 38 6 4976 1002

361 1◦ 30.1

S 169◦ 57.1W 17 Jun 01 556 88 4 5187 1000

371 1◦ 0.0

S 169◦ 51.8W 17 Jun 01 951 50 6 5817 1001

381 0◦ 30.3

S 169◦ 48.3W 17 Jun 01 1350 62 8 5599 1001

391 0◦ 1.4

S 170◦ 5.4W 18 Jun 01 1004 90 9 5653 4202

401 0◦ 29.8

N 170◦ 2.8W 19 Jun 01 407 100 5 5616 1001

411 0◦ 59.9

N 170◦ 2.7W 19 Jun 01 804 90 11 5456 1001

421 1◦ 30.0

N 170◦ 2.8W 19 Jun 01 1156 107 13 5503 1001

431 1◦ 59.6

N 170◦ 2.5W 19 Jun 01 1541 110 13 5387 1002

441 2◦ 30.2

N 170◦ 2.0W 19 Jun 01 2026 100 11 5322 1002

451 3◦ 0.1

N 170◦ 1.5W 20 Jun 01 11 60 9 5473 1001

461 4◦ 0.0

N 170◦ 0.4W 20 Jun 01 656 120 10 5662 1000

471 4◦ 58.4

N 169◦ 59.8W 20 Jun 01 1428 90 14 5682 4202

481 6◦ 0.1

N 170◦ 0.5W 21 Jun 01 1013 60 20 5491 1001

491 7◦ 0.4

N 170◦ 1.2W 21 Jun 01 1720 50 20 5994 1002

501 7◦ 58.1

N 170◦ 1.8W 22 Jun 01 2 70 21 4989 1002

511 8◦ 1.5

N 179◦ 53.4W 24 Jun 01 1120 45 14 5944 5204
18 McTaggart and Johnson

GP401KA (Jul 3 30) Kwajalein, Marshall Islands Honolulu, HI

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2d: GP4-01-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 19

Table 1d: GP4-01-KA CTD Cast Summary

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 8◦ 1.9N 165◦ 5.8E 4 Jul 01 441 131 5 5214 4503

21 7◦ 0.0

N 165◦ 4.3E 4 Jul 01 2223 43 12 5157 1002

31 6◦ 0.9

N 165◦ 3.0E 5 Jul 01 530 65 21 5013 1002

41 5◦ 0.0

N 165◦ 3.0E 5 Jul 01 1315 50 6 4766 1002

51 3◦ 59.4

N 165◦ 0.8E 6 Jul 01 2125 210 8 4492 1001

61 2◦ 59.6

N 164◦ 59.7E 6 Jul 01 425 217 10 4247 1003

71 2◦ 29.5

N 164◦ 57.8E 6 Jul 01 815 265 3 4124 1001

81 1◦ 59.8

N 164◦ 59.6E 6 Jul 01 1840 359 4 4172 1001

91 1◦ 30.0

N 164◦ 58.9E 6 Jul 01 2253 80 3 4262 1003

101 1◦ 0.0

N 164◦ 59.7E 7 Jul 01 259 132 8 4330 1002

111 0◦ 29.2

N 165◦ 1.3E 7 Jul 01 646 200 5 4371 1003

121 0◦ 0.1

N 165◦ 1.8E 8 Jul 01 2018 41 2 4385 4003

131 0◦ 30.4

S 164◦ 58.2E 9 Jul 01 2110 357 6 4426 1001

141 0◦ 59.6

S 164◦ 47.1E 9 Jul 01 130 348 6 4411 1003

151 1◦ 30.1

S 164◦ 34.4E 9 Jul 01 534 253 7 4429 1002

161 1◦ 55.5

S 164◦ 24.7E 10 Jul 01 1631 255 3 4452 1003

171 2◦ 29.9

S 164◦ 32.9E 10 Jul 01 2102 221 6 4465 1001

181 3◦ 0.0

S 164◦ 40.7E 10 Jul 01 15 217 8 4045 1001

191 3◦ 59.6

S 164◦ 56.9E 10 Jul 01 810 183 7 3259 1002

201 4◦ 58.9

S 165◦ 11.5E 10 Jul 01 1945 84 2 2512 1002

211 6◦ 0.5

S 165◦ 3.0E 11 Jul 01 354 112 13 3603 1002

221 6◦ 59.8

S 164◦ 55.8E 11 Jul 01 1030 121 16 3717 1003

231 8◦ 2.2

S 164◦ 47.3E 12 Jul 01 2132 137 12 3894 3503

241 7◦ 56.6

S 179◦ 49.7W 16 Jul 01 1046 97 15 5522 1003

251 6◦ 59.6

S 179◦ 50.2W 17 Jul 01 1753 67 11 5449 1002

261 5◦ 59.9

S 179◦ 53.3W 17 Jul 01 44 79 7 5084 1002

271 4◦ 56.7

S 179◦ 56.4W 18 Jul 01 1553 124 13 5662 1001

281 3◦ 59.8

S 179◦ 54.9W 18 Jul 01 110 112 11 5712 1002

291 2◦ 59.6

S 179◦ 53.3W 18 Jul 01 730 96 14 5448 1002

301 2◦ 0.0

S 179◦ 54.6W 19 Jul 01 2044 31 3 5370 1003

311 1◦ 29.8

S 179◦ 53.2W 19 Jul 01 47 84 6 5218 1001

321 0◦ 59.6

S 179◦ 53.7W 19 Jul 01 440 140 11 5357 1002

331 0◦ 30.0

S 179◦ 54.5W 19 Jul 01 820 154 8 4774 1002

341 0◦ 2.3

S 179◦ 54.8W 20 Jul 01 1250 148 8 5396 1003

351 0◦ 30.2

N 179◦ 53.5W 20 Jul 01 1632 79 8 5711 1004

361 1◦ 0.3

N 179◦ 51.7W 20 Jul 01 2053 145 5 5846 1002

371 1◦ 30.3

N 179◦ 49.2W 20 Jul 01 105 90 7 5572 1001

381 2◦ 1.3

N 179◦ 48.4W 21 Jul 01 1435 63 12 5468 1001

391 2◦ 30.3

N 179◦ 48.2W 21 Jul 01 1852 70 12 5285 1003

401 2◦ 59.8

N 179◦ 48.8W 21 Jul 01 2240 74 12 5656 1002

411 3◦ 59.7

N 179◦ 51.8W 21 Jul 01 319 45 7 1002

421 4◦ 58.5

N 179◦ 54.0W 22 Jul 01 2001 33 9 5845 1002

431 5◦ 59.3

N 179◦ 55.0W 22 Jul 01 400 46 10 5288 1002

441 6◦ 59.8

N 179◦ 54.7W 22 Jul 01 1113 59 10 5747 1002

451 8◦ 2.5

N 179◦ 52.4W 22 Jul 01 1950 104 16 5913 5502

461 9◦ 0.4

N 178◦ 26.6W 22 Jul 01 832 104 8 5786 1002

471 10◦ 0.0

N 177◦ 0.6W 24 Jul 01 2011 71 12 5966 1002

481 11◦ 0.3

N 175◦ 30.3W 24 Jul 01 841 85 11 5463 1002

491 12◦ 0.9

N 174◦ 0.1W 25 Jul 01 2233 73 19 5647 1003
20 McTaggart and Johnson

GP501KA (Aug 13 Sep 19) Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2e: GP5-01-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 21

Table 1e: GP5-01-KA CTD Cast Summary

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 14◦ 8.5N 139◦ 50.6W 19 Aug 01 1823 9 12 4875 501

21 11◦ 59.7

N 134◦ 19.7W 21 Aug 01 757 200 23 4936 1002

31 11◦ 0.4

N 131◦ 54.7W 22 Aug 01 23 211 20 4984 1003

41 10◦ 0.3

N 129◦ 30.1W 22 Aug 01 1654 73 4 4753 1002

51 8◦ 59.7

N 127◦ 10.6W 23 Aug 01 809 160 2 4498 1004

61 8◦ 1.6

N 125◦ 0.0W 24 Aug 01 354 180 2 4655 4002

71 7◦ 0.0

N 124◦ 57.4W 25 Aug 01 222 55 10 4628 1004

81 5◦ 59.9

N 124◦ 54.9W 25 Aug 01 914 180 18 4370 1002

91 5◦ 7.8

N 124◦ 52.8W 26 Aug 01 6 162 5 4382 1014

101 4◦ 0.2

N 124◦ 57.9W 26 Aug 01 1022 147 16 4457 1002

111 3◦ 0.1

N 125◦ 2.4W 26 Aug 01 1853 115 16 4458 1002

121 2◦ 29.9

N 125◦ 4.6W 26 Aug 01 2324 140 23 4581 1001

131 2◦ 0.8

N 125◦ 8.2W 27 Aug 01 450 122 13 4671 4004

141 1◦ 29.8

N 124◦ 57.0W 28 Aug 01 605 119 25 4639 1001

151 0◦ 59.9

N 124◦ 47.6W 28 Aug 01 1037 120 20 4657 1002

161 0◦ 30.1

N 124◦ 38.1W 28 Aug 01 1505 111 15 4602 1003

171 0◦ 12.2

S 124◦ 25.1W 28 Aug 01 2159 100 10 4662 1002

181 0◦ 30.0

S 124◦ 29.5W 29 Aug 01 44 107 10 4625 1003

191 0◦ 59.9

S 124◦ 37.6W 29 Aug 01 439 100 16 4664 1001

201 1◦ 30.0

S 124◦ 45.7W 29 Aug 01 852 110 20 4621 1001

211 2◦ 2.2

S 124◦ 55.4W 29 Aug 01 1410 120 17 4673 4003

221 2◦ 1.7

S 124◦ 54.1W 30 Aug 01 13 116 11 4729 1001

241 2◦ 59.9

S 124◦ 54.4W 30 Aug 01 802 135 12 4633 1003

251 3◦ 59.9

S 124◦ 54.9W 30 Aug 01 1519 110 16 4454 1003

261 5◦ 0.4

S 124◦ 55.4W 30 Aug 01 2254 110 17 4537 1003

271 5◦ 59.9

S 124◦ 57.0W 31 Aug 01 906 125 17 4504 1001

281 7◦ 0.0

S 124◦ 59.2W 31 Aug 01 1321 111 13 4752 1001

291 7◦ 58.8

S 125◦ 1.0W 1 Sep 01 434 10 4 4529 1001

301 4◦ 59.7

S 139◦ 55.2W 8 Sep 01 130 78 13 4333 1001

311 3◦ 59.9

S 139◦ 55.8W 8 Sep 01 850 85 15 4510 1002

321 2◦ 59.9

S 139◦ 56.8W 8 Sep 01 1549 110 15 4385 1003

331 2◦ 29.9

S 139◦ 57.4W 8 Sep 01 1948 90 14 4368 1001

341 1◦ 59.0

S 139◦ 56.9W 9 Sep 01 22 67 8 4321 1000

351 1◦ 30.1

S 139◦ 59.1W 9 Sep 01 424 91 11 4302 1003

361 1◦ 0.0

S 140◦ 0.2W 9 Sep 01 846 88 16 4274 1001

371 0◦ 29.9

S 140◦ 1.4W 9 Sep 01 1303 80 14 4284 1003

381 0◦ 0.6

S 139◦ 59.6W 10 Sep 01 805 100 15 4220 4002

391 0◦ 29.9

N 139◦ 54.0W 11 Sep 01 138 110 18 4340 1001

401 1◦ 0.0

N 139◦ 55.7W 11 Sep 01 554 119 23 4334 1000

411 1◦ 30.0

N 139◦ 57.4W 11 Sep 01 1016 110 18 4533 1002

421 1◦ 59.9

N 139◦ 59.9W 11 Sep 01 1434 100 15 4363 1004

431 2◦ 29.9

N 139◦ 59.0W 11 Sep 01 1852 114 13 4387 1001

441 2◦ 59.9

N 139◦ 59.0W 11 Sep 01 2305 131 16 4290 1001

451 3◦ 59.9

N 139◦ 58.4W 12 Sep 01 641 130 20 4327 1001

461 5◦ 2.2

N 139◦ 59.4W 12 Sep 01 1411 120 20 4452 1003

471 6◦ 0.1

N 140◦ 2.5W 12 Sep 01 2137 104 17 4817 1010

481 6◦ 59.9

N 140◦ 6.4W 13 Sep 01 505 135 24 4972 1018

491 8◦ 0.2

N 140◦ 11.1W 13 Sep 01 1222 147 23 5110 1007

501 9◦ 0.8

N 140◦ 15.0W 14 Sep 01 221 240 11 4816 1004

511 9◦ 59.8

N 141◦ 44.8W 14 Sep 01 1535 300 3 5031 1002

521 11◦ 0.0

N 143◦ 15.0W 15 Sep 01 421 10 7 5307 1003

531 12◦ 0.1

N 144◦ 46.0W 15 Sep 01 1528 60 16 5211 1003
22 McTaggart and Johnson

GP701KA (Sep 27 Oct 25) Honolulu, HI Kwajalein, Marshall Islands

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2f: GP7-01-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 23

Table 1f: GP7-01-KA CTD Cast Summary

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 12◦ 0.3N 155◦ 52.6W 30 Sep 01 1623 77 9 5202 1003

21 10◦ 59.5

N 155◦ 39.1W 30 Sep 01 2350 84 9 5193 1003

31 10◦ 0.0

N 155◦ 25.9W 1 Oct 01 640 90 6 5332 1003

41 9◦ 0.4

N 155◦ 12.8W 1 Oct 01 1342 315 1 1001

51 7◦ 58.6

N 154◦ 59.2W 1 Oct 01 2114 139 8 5792 1001

61 7◦ 0.2

N 154◦ 57.4W 2 Oct 01 543 110 18 4939 1001

71 6◦ 0.5

N 154◦ 56.0W 2 Oct 01 1251 82 12 1003

81 4◦ 59.7

N 154◦ 54.8W 2 Oct 01 2050 114 17 4594 1001

91 4◦ 0.1

N 154◦ 55.8W 3 Oct 01 514 116 13 1001

101 3◦ 0.1

N 154◦ 57.3W 3 Oct 01 1238 111 22 1002

111 2◦ 30.1

N 154◦ 57.6W 3 Oct 01 1654 112 21 1002

121 2◦ 0.6

N 155◦ 0.2W 3 Oct 01 2233 88 17 4709 4003

131 1◦ 30.3

N 154◦ 58.6W 4 Oct 01 406 89 14 1002

141 1◦ 0.1

N 154◦ 59.2W 4 Oct 01 809 25 18 4758 1003

151 0◦ 30.4

N 154◦ 59.5W 4 Oct 01 1208 96 14 4787 1002

161 0◦ 1.8

N 155◦ 0.6W 5 Oct 01 354 89 18 4668 1002

171 0◦ 29.8

S 155◦ 0.0W 5 Oct 01 846 95 13 4883 1003

181 0◦ 59.7

S 155◦ 0.0W 5 Oct 01 1254 116 15 1004

191 1◦ 29.9

S 154◦ 59.5W 5 Oct 01 1703 114 19 4828 1003

201 1◦ 59.9

S 154◦ 58.8W 6 Oct 01 605 111 16 4988 1003

211 2◦ 30.0

S 155◦ 0.0W 6 Oct 01 1020 103 14 4878 1002

221 2◦ 59.9

S 155◦ 0.8W 6 Oct 01 1421 112 13 4982 1003

231 3◦ 59.9

S 155◦ 2.0W 6 Oct 01 2132 95 17 2443 1004

241 4◦ 57.2

S 155◦ 2.7W 7 Oct 01 1018 66 13 4478 3804

251 5◦ 59.8

S 154◦ 59.9W 8 Oct 01 345 67 13 5260 1002

261 6◦ 59.8

S 155◦ 0.4W 8 Oct 01 1045 76 12 5142 1002

271 8◦ 15.9

S 155◦ 0.6W 9 Oct 01 252 63 10 5333 1002

281 7◦ 59.6

S 170◦ 2.1W 13 Oct 01 243 63 14 5372 1002

291 6◦ 59.9

S 170◦ 1.2W 13 Oct 01 1010 54 10 1003

301 5◦ 59.5

S 170◦ 0.5W 13 Oct 01 1738 43 16 4828 1003

311 4◦ 59.2

S 170◦ 1.2W 14 Oct 01 110 53 12 5434 1002

321 3◦ 59.9

S 170◦ 0.9W 14 Oct 01 806 87 10 5716 1002

331 2◦ 59.8

S 170◦ 1.2W 14 Oct 01 1507 99 10 5069 1001

341 2◦ 29.7

S 170◦ 1.6W 14 Oct 01 1902 106 10 1004

351 2◦ 9.3

S 170◦ 1.7W 15 Oct 01 702 131 10 4937 1002

361 1◦ 29.9

S 170◦ 2.2W 15 Oct 01 1201 121 14 5407 1002

371 1◦ 0.1

S 170◦ 2.1W 15 Oct 01 1559 124 14 1004

381 0◦ 29.9

S 170◦ 2.4W 15 Oct 01 2000 111 15 1002

391 0◦ 1.3

S 170◦ 3.0W 16 Oct 01 54 126 14 1002

401 0◦ 30.1

N 170◦ 2.6W 16 Oct 01 453 90 7 1001

411 1◦ 0.2

N 170◦ 3.1W 16 Oct 01 839 85 7 1001

421 1◦ 30.1

N 170◦ 3.6W 16 Oct 01 1219 88 8 1001

431 2◦ 1.8

N 170◦ 4.1W 17 Oct 01 450 104 12 1006

441 2◦ 30.1

N 170◦ 3.1W 17 Oct 01 841 70 8 5325 1002

451 3◦ 0.2

N 170◦ 2.6W 17 Oct 01 1223 46 11 5447 1003

461 4◦ 0.3

N 170◦ 1.0W 17 Oct 01 1900 42 6 5669 1004

471 4◦ 59.8

N 170◦ 0.4W 18 Oct 01 227 195 3 5672 1002

481 6◦ 0.1

N 170◦ 0.1W 18 Oct 01 939 230 2 5409 1002

491 7◦ 0.2

N 169◦ 59.7W 18 Oct 01 1719 118 14 5847 1004

501 7◦ 57.8

N 169◦ 58.7W 19 Oct 01 706 126 14 5538 5002

511 7◦ 59.5

N 179◦ 51.9W 22 Oct 01 1508 125 14 5921 1002
24 McTaggart and Johnson

GP801RB (Oct 29 Dec 5) Arica, Chile Panama City, Panama

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2g: GP8-01-RB cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 25

Table 1g: GP8-01-RB CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 8◦ 0.9S 95◦ 7.9W 4 Nov 01 512 130 15 3981 3002

21 8◦ 3.4

S 109◦ 56.6W 7 Nov 01 2047 110 17 3310 1002

31 7◦ 0.0

S 109◦ 58.8W 8 Nov 01 536 100 20 3618 1001

41 5◦ 59.9

S 109◦ 59.6W 8 Nov 01 1132 120 16 3749 1002

51 5◦ 0.7

S 110◦ 0.0W 8 Nov 01 1717 105 14 3625 1002

61 3◦ 59.9

S 110◦ 0.0W 8 Nov 01 2354 115 16 3784 1001

71 3◦ 0.0

S 110◦ 0.0W 10 Nov 01 611 110 13 3758 1002

81 2◦ 30.0

S 109◦ 59.5W 10 Nov 01 953 125 12 3876 1001

91 1◦ 57.2

S 109◦ 55.7W 10 Nov 01 1756 115 14 3984 1001

101 1◦ 30.0

S 109◦ 59.6W 11 Nov 01 45 115 13 3891 1002

111 1◦ 0.0

S 110◦ 0.6W 11 Nov 01 419 120 10 3991 1003

121 0◦ 30.0

S 110◦ 1.7W 11 Nov 01 751 120 8 3388 1004

131 0◦ 3.6

S 110◦ 3.7W 12 Nov 01 1659 130 14 3767 1002

141 0◦ 30.0

N 110◦ 5.0W 13 Nov 01 715 140 14 1001

151 1◦ 0.0

N 110◦ 7.5W 13 Nov 01 1058 130 16 1002

161 1◦ 30.1

N 110◦ 10.0W 13 Nov 01 1434 135 14 3807 1002

171 2◦ 1.8

N 110◦ 1.3W 14 Nov 01 400 130 12 3747 356

181 2◦ 30.0

N 110◦ 0.0W 14 Nov 01 805 120 10 3740 1004

191 3◦ 0.0

N 109◦ 58.0W 14 Nov 01 1134 140 11 3859 1003

201 4◦ 0.1

N 109◦ 54.1W 14 Nov 01 1706 150 15 3228 1003

211 4◦ 55.7

N 109◦ 51.3W 15 Nov 01 56 170 12 3873 1002

221 6◦ 0.0

N 109◦ 57.4W 15 Nov 01 648 165 12 3673 1004

231 6◦ 59.9

N 110◦ 5.8W 15 Nov 01 1249 130 8 3777 1002

241 8◦ 3.7

N 110◦ 7.8W 16 Nov 01 201 115 8 4233 3002

251 9◦ 0.0

N 110◦ 0.0W 17 Nov 01 239 90 15 4108 1002

261 10◦ 0.0

N 109◦ 59.9W 17 Nov 01 823 100 14 3293 1003

271 10◦ 59.9

N 109◦ 59.9W 17 Nov 01 1420 105 12 3721 1002

281 12◦ 0.0

N 110◦ 0.0W 17 Nov 01 1947 100 12 3536 1002

291 12◦ 2.8

N 94◦ 57.8W 20 Nov 01 2331 10 11 4061 1001

301 10◦ 59.9

N 94◦ 54.3W 21 Nov 01 600 25 9 3964 1001

311 10◦ 1.2

N 94◦ 52.9W 21 Nov 01 1215 25 10 3882 1001

321 9◦ 0.0

N 94◦ 55.1W 21 Nov 01 1924 40 10 3543 1002

331 8◦ 2.1

N 94◦ 56.2W 22 Nov 01 1146 115 8 3669 3170

341 7◦ 0.1

N 94◦ 53.5W 23 Nov 01 207 0 0 3774 1002

351 6◦ 0.1

N 94◦ 50.9W 23 Nov 01 753 210 16 3726 1003

361 5◦ 4.6

N 95◦ 0.8W 23 Nov 01 2234 210 15 3586 3003

371 4◦ 0.0

N 95◦ 0.0W 24 Nov 01 507 180 15 3437 1001

381 3◦ 37.4

N 94◦ 57.3W 24 Nov 01 2146 200 11 3389 1001

391 3◦ 0.0

N 95◦ 5.6W 25 Nov 01 208 200 13 3160 1001

401 2◦ 30.1

N 95◦ 13.1W 25 Nov 01 535 190 17 2584 1002

411 2◦ 1.4

N 95◦ 20.2W 25 Nov 01 858 190 13 2948 1002

421 1◦ 30.0

N 95◦ 15.4W 25 Nov 01 1348 170 17 2578 1001

431 1◦ 0.1

N 95◦ 10.6W 25 Nov 01 1717 170 18 3433 1002

441 0◦ 30.1

N 95◦ 5.8W 25 Nov 01 2047 180 18 3280 1002

451 0◦ 1.5

N 95◦ 0.9W 26 Nov 01 721 170 12 3308 3004

461 0◦ 29.9

S 95◦ 5.4W 27 Nov 01 142 155 7 3369 1000

471 1◦ 0.0

S 95◦ 10.2W 27 Nov 01 412 165 7 3343 1005

481 1◦ 29.9

S 95◦ 15.0W 27 Nov 01 742 170 8 3386 1001

491 1◦ 53.3

S 95◦ 19.4W 27 Nov 01 1111 150 13 3386 3001

501 2◦ 29.8

S 95◦ 8.9W 28 Nov 01 31 160 13 3456 1001

511 3◦ 0.0

S 95◦ 7.3W 28 Nov 01 403 125 7 3573 1002

521 3◦ 59.9

S 95◦ 3.9W 28 Nov 01 946 140 10 3669 1002

531 5◦ 2.2

S 95◦ 3.8W 28 Nov 01 2120 165 12 3821 3002

541 5◦ 59.9

S 95◦ 0.1W 29 Nov 01 417 135 11 3831 1002

551 6◦ 59.9

S 95◦ 3.1W 29 Nov 01 1004 150 11 3875 1001

561 8◦ 1.1

S 95◦ 6.3W 29 Nov 01 1608 115 13 3970 1001

571 6◦ 59.9

S 94◦ 4.6W 30 Nov 01 356 130 12 3925 1001
26 McTaggart and Johnson

Table 1g: (continued).

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

581 6◦ 0.0S 93◦ 3.1W 30 Nov 01 1120 125 10 3931 1002

591 5◦ 0.0

S 92◦ 1.9W 30 Nov 01 1839 130 10 3966 1002

601 4◦ 0.1

S 91◦ 0.9W 1 Dec 01 201 160 11 3858 1001

611 3◦ 0.1

S 89◦ 59.8W 1 Dec 01 930 130 8 3103 1002

621 2◦ 0.0

S 88◦ 58.8W 1 Dec 01 1708 140 12 3098 1003

631 0◦ 59.9

S 87◦ 58.1W 2 Dec 01 304 180 15 1208 1001

641 0◦ 0.0

S 86◦ 57.3W 2 Dec 01 1306 160 12 2650 1001

651 1◦ 0.0

N 85◦ 56.4W 2 Dec 01 2043 155 10 2722 1001

661 1◦ 59.9

N 84◦ 44.6W 3 Dec 01 444 170 10 2989 2952
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 27

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28 McTaggart and Johnson

GP901KA (Oct 30 Nov 25) Kwajalein, Marshall Islands Honolulu, HI

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2h: GP9-01-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 29

Table 1h: GP9-01-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 8◦ 1.0N 165◦ 6.2E 31 Oct 01 1922 58 16 5213 1003

21 7◦ 0.1

N 165◦ 5.1E 1 Nov 01 319 85 8 5165 1002

31 6◦ 0.2

N 165◦ 3.9E 1 Nov 01 1025 98 6 5012 1003

41 5◦ 1.7

N 165◦ 0.9E 1 Nov 01 1804 342 9 4776 3503

51 4◦ 0.2

N 165◦ 0.0E 2 Nov 01 943 350 5 4488 1036

61 3◦ 0.2

N 164◦ 59.5E 2 Nov 01 1640 328 2 4230 1002

71 2◦ 30.1

N 164◦ 58.9E 2 Nov 01 2037 76 4 4120 1002

81 1◦ 59.9

N 164◦ 58.3E 3 Nov 01 57 55 4 4173 1004

91 1◦ 30.1

N 165◦ 1.5E 3 Nov 01 510 18 5 4256 1001

101 1◦ 0.0

N 165◦ 3.6E 3 Nov 01 907 62 5 4327 1001

111 0◦ 30.1

N 165◦ 6.3E 3 Nov 01 1307 39 5 4368 1001

121 0◦ 0.1

N 165◦ 9.0E 3 Nov 01 1703 53 5 4396 1001

131 0◦ 30.0

S 164◦ 51.4E 4 Nov 01 758 90 7 4440 1002

141 0◦ 59.9

S 164◦ 42.1E 4 Nov 01 1152 93 8 4418 1002

151 1◦ 29.9

S 164◦ 32.7E 4 Nov 01 1545 107 10 4423 1002

161 1◦ 55.6

S 164◦ 24.6E 4 Nov 01 1913 90 10 4437 1001

171 2◦ 29.6

S 164◦ 33.2E 5 Nov 01 24 90 9 4462 1002

181 2◦ 59.8

S 164◦ 40.7E 5 Nov 01 426 76 10 3859 1001

191 3◦ 59.8

S 164◦ 55.5E 5 Nov 01 1127 106 8 3143 1001

201 4◦ 59.8

S 165◦ 11.3E 5 Nov 01 1904 69 8 2659 1002

211 5◦ 59.9

S 165◦ 3.3E 6 Nov 01 638 138 3 3595 1001

221 6◦ 59.9

S 164◦ 55.6E 6 Nov 01 1325 173 6 3713 1001

231 8◦ 2.4

S 164◦ 48.9E 6 Nov 01 2106 352 2 3894 1002

241 7◦ 59.8

S 179◦ 48.2W 10 Nov 01 1815 81 10 5543 4503

251 6◦ 59.6

S 179◦ 59.4W 11 Nov 01 1015 123 20 5325 1004

261 5◦ 59.7

S 179◦ 52.1W 11 Nov 01 1652 42 8 5199 1002

271 4◦ 58.4

S 179◦ 57.7W 11 Nov 01 2355 65 12 5601 1002

281 3◦ 59.8

S 179◦ 56.4W 12 Nov 01 724 66 21 5870 1001

291 3◦ 0.2

S 179◦ 55.3W 12 Nov 01 1439 78 16 5400 1002

301 2◦ 29.8

S 179◦ 54.7W 12 Nov 01 1850 70 21 1002

311 2◦ 0.0

S 179◦ 53.9W 12 Nov 01 2258 105 13 5336 1001

321 1◦ 29.9

S 179◦ 54.2W 13 Nov 01 301 86 11 5232 1003

331 0◦ 59.9

S 179◦ 54.3W 13 Nov 01 659 107 7 5348 1002

341 0◦ 30.0

S 179◦ 54.2W 13 Nov 01 1054 96 13 4746 1002

351 0◦ 0.1

S 179◦ 54.5W 13 Nov 01 1555 72 20 5396 4504

361 0◦ 1.8

N 179◦ 55.0W 14 Nov 01 255 54 14 5394 1001

371 0◦ 30.2

N 179◦ 53.1W 14 Nov 01 701 80 17 5702 1002

381 1◦ 0.2

N 179◦ 51.8W 14 Nov 01 1051 82 18 5830 765

391 1◦ 30.2

N 179◦ 50.7W 14 Nov 01 1446 89 16 5571 1002

401 2◦ 0.7

N 179◦ 49.3W 14 Nov 01 1830 84 14 5469 1003

411 2◦ 30.1

N 179◦ 50.1W 14 Nov 01 2252 96 11 5308 1002

421 2◦ 59.9

N 179◦ 50.6W 15 Nov 01 229 93 16 5643 1001

431 4◦ 0.1

N 179◦ 51.6W 15 Nov 01 845 70 10 5647 1003

441 5◦ 0.0

N 179◦ 54.9W 15 Nov 01 1651 63 17 5667 4502

451 6◦ 0.4

N 179◦ 52.1W 16 Nov 01 901 83 18 5675 1004

461 6◦ 59.7

N 179◦ 51.8W 16 Nov 01 1611 98 13 5757 1002

471 7◦ 58.9

N 179◦ 51.6W 17 Nov 01 559 65 11 5907 1003

481 8◦ 1.4

N 170◦ 1.6W 19 Nov 01 2109 72 20 5496 1003

491 9◦ 0.4

N 169◦ 22.4W 20 Nov 01 623 58 22 4855 1002

501 10◦ 0.5

N 168◦ 42.3W 20 Nov 01 1557 23 24 5241 1003

511 10◦ 59.9

N 168◦ 2.7W 21 Nov 01 120 35 23 5333 1003

521 12◦ 0.1

N 167◦ 23.1W 21 Nov 01 1056 64 19 5218 1002

531 20◦ 36.5

N 161◦ 34.1W 24 Nov 01 1616 142 5 4748 1003
30 McTaggart and Johnson

GP102KA (Mar 1 Apr 4) San Diego, CA Manzanillo, Mexico

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2i: GP1-02-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 31

Table 1i: GP1-02-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 12◦ 0.7N 111◦ 2.2W 6 Mar 02 2043 44 17 3773 1003

21 11◦ 1.0

N 110◦ 48.0W 7 Mar 02 416 73 16 3718 1004

31 10◦ 0.3

N 110◦ 35.0W 7 Mar 02 1201 61 17 3656 1003

41 9◦ 0.0

N 110◦ 21.2W 7 Mar 02 1919 90 17 3601 1007

42 9◦ 0.0

N 110◦ 21.0W 7 Mar 02 2127 75 15 3688 208

51 8◦ 3.0

N 110◦ 9.0W 8 Mar 02 538 70 13 4079 3802

61 7◦ 0.0

N 110◦ 2.0W 8 Mar 02 1549 60 15 3689 1007

71 5◦ 59.9

N 109◦ 56.8W 8 Mar 02 2222 63 17 3587 1003

81 5◦ 0.2

N 109◦ 51.6W 9 Mar 02 1110 53 14 3787 3400

91 4◦ 0.2

N 110◦ 1.6W 10 Mar 02 546 50 16 2671 1004

101 3◦ 0.0

N 110◦ 3.0W 10 Mar 02 1224 44 17 3286 1002

111 2◦ 30.3

N 110◦ 4.9W 10 Mar 02 1619 50 16 3639 1002

121 2◦ 2.5

N 110◦ 6.0W 10 Mar 02 2139 52 16 3901 1002

131 1◦ 30.0

N 110◦ 15.0W 11 Mar 02 143 69 18 3769 1003

141 1◦ 0.2

N 110◦ 24.6W 11 Mar 02 530 80 14 3804 1003

151 0◦ 30.0

N 110◦ 33.1W 11 Mar 02 1133 83 9 3839 1003

161 0◦ 0.2

S 109◦ 57.5W 12 Mar 02 421 150 4 3818 2770

171 0◦ 29.8

S 109◦ 57.2W 13 Mar 02 354 30 5 3942 1003

181 1◦ 0.0

S 109◦ 58.0W 13 Mar 02 730 194 3 3938 1003

191 1◦ 29.8

S 109◦ 58.5W 13 Mar 02 1107 243 2 3874 1003

201 1◦ 57.7

S 109◦ 59.0W 13 Mar 02 1439 283 3 3925 1001

211 2◦ 29.7

S 109◦ 59.3W 13 Mar 02 2217 125 9 3879 1003

221 2◦ 59.6

S 109◦ 59.6W 14 Mar 02 207 113 13 3804 1004

231 3◦ 59.9

S 109◦ 57.5W 14 Mar 02 847 134 12 4000 1003

241 4◦ 59.6

S 110◦ 0.4W 14 Mar 02 1924 128 12 3652 3451

251 6◦ 0.0

S 111◦ 30.0W 15 Mar 02 623 120 14 3696 1003

261 6◦ 59.5

S 111◦ 14.4W 16 Mar 02 7 143 12 3708 1003

271 8◦ 0.2

S 110◦ 0.1W 16 Mar 02 1033 136 16 3440 3202

281 7◦ 59.5

S 95◦ 7.2W 20 Mar 02 656 90 15 3891 204

282 7◦ 59.5

S 95◦ 6.7W 20 Mar 02 731 90 15 3875 203

283 7◦ 59.5

S 95◦ 6.2W 20 Mar 02 820 90 15 3887 1003

291 7◦ 0.0

S 95◦ 5.6W 20 Mar 02 1419 140 14 3911 1004

301 5◦ 59.8

S 95◦ 5.1W 20 Mar 02 2019 139 16 3896 1004

311 5◦ 1.3

S 95◦ 4.9W 21 Mar 02 209 138 17 3824 205

312 5◦ 1.5

S 95◦ 4.3W 21 Mar 02 245 138 17 3833 203

313 5◦ 0.5

S 95◦ 4.6W 21 Mar 02 334 138 17 3801 1003

321 3◦ 59.8

S 95◦ 6.8W 21 Mar 02 934 118 9 3596 1005

331 2◦ 59.7

S 95◦ 9.8W 21 Mar 02 1535 130 8 3560 1003

341 2◦ 29.8

S 95◦ 11.6W 21 Mar 02 1838 103 14 3492 1002

351 1◦ 57.5

S 95◦ 13.4W 21 Mar 02 2219 49 8 3390 204

352 1◦ 57.0

S 95◦ 14.2W 21 Mar 02 2253 49 8 3407 202

353 1◦ 56.4

S 95◦ 13.9W 21 Mar 02 2353 49 8 3389 1004

361 1◦ 29.2

S 95◦ 7.3W 22 Mar 02 312 90 3 3316 1002

371 0◦ 59.6

S 95◦ 0.0W 22 Mar 02 640 345 3 3338 1005

381 0◦ 30.2

S 94◦ 59.8W 26 Mar 02 1518 140 6 3398 1003

391 0◦ 0.3

S 95◦ 4.9W 26 Mar 02 1908 146 7 3229 202

392 0◦ 0.2

S 95◦ 5.6W 26 Mar 02 1944 146 7 3255 202

393 0◦ 0.7

N 95◦ 5.2W 26 Mar 02 2032 146 7 3156 1003

401 0◦ 30.1

N 95◦ 9.0W 27 Mar 02 0 167 6 3281 1002

411 1◦ 0.2

N 95◦ 14.0W 27 Mar 02 338 41 2 3340 1013

421 1◦ 59.8

N 95◦ 21.6W 27 Mar 02 955 7 3 2983 203

422 2◦ 0.7

N 95◦ 21.9W 27 Mar 02 1110 7 3 2922 2703

423 1◦ 59.8

N 95◦ 18.7W 28 Mar 02 137 7 3 3112 502

431 2◦ 30.6

N 95◦ 14.6W 28 Mar 02 457 350 10 2414 1004

441 3◦ 0.5

N 95◦ 6.6W 28 Mar 02 841 6 14 2789 1004
32 McTaggart and Johnson

Table 1i: (continued).

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

451 3◦ 37.1N 94◦ 55.9W 28 Mar 02 1329 24 14 3382 202

452 3◦ 37.9

N 94◦ 54.9W 28 Mar 02 1403 24 14 3130 201

453 3◦ 37.5

N 94◦ 55.6W 28 Mar 02 2326 24 14 3382 1003

461 3◦ 59.0

N 94◦ 56.7W 29 Mar 02 232 0 6 3226 1002

471 5◦ 3.5

N 95◦ 0.0W 29 Mar 02 959 41 8 3571 202

472 5◦ 4.4

N 95◦ 0.1W 29 Mar 02 1032 41 8 3575 202

473 5◦ 4.1

N 95◦ 0.8W 29 Mar 02 1210 41 8 3584 3302

481 5◦ 59.8

N 94◦ 59.5W 29 Mar 02 2028 33 3 3171 1003

491 6◦ 59.9

N 94◦ 58.2W 30 Mar 02 325 40 14 3682 1003

501 8◦ 2.8

N 94◦ 57.5W 30 Mar 02 1003 86 9 3658 202

502 8◦ 3.2

N 94◦ 58.0W 30 Mar 02 1035 86 9 3668 202

503 8◦ 3.4

N 94◦ 57.1W 30 Mar 02 1203 86 9 3658 3402

511 8◦ 59.8

N 94◦ 56.3W 30 Mar 02 2058 68 15 3519 1001

521 10◦ 1.2

N 94◦ 54.7W 31 Mar 02 410 75 14 3860 202

522 10◦ 2.6

N 94◦ 53.0W 31 Mar 02 606 75 14 3796 3604

523 10◦ 2.1

N 94◦ 53.8W 31 Mar 02 1150 75 14 3819 502

541 10◦ 59.8

N 94◦ 54.1W 1 Apr 02 536 39 9 3943 1002

551 12◦ 4.3

N 94◦ 53.9W 1 Apr 02 1158 9 10 4113 201

552 12◦ 5.0

N 94◦ 54.1W 1 Apr 02 1243 9 10 4106 1002

553 12◦ 5.0

N 94◦ 57.0W 1 Apr 02 2229 9 10 4028 502
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 33

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34 McTaggart and Johnson

GP202KA (Apr 8 May 13) Manzanillo, Mexico Honolulu, HI

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2j: GP2-02-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 35

Table 1j: GP2-02-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 4◦ 37.3N 109◦ 4.3W 12 Apr 02 722 112 3 3906 3802

21 5◦ 0.7

N 109◦ 59.8W 13 Apr 02 149 100 9 3907 1001

31 0◦ 4.5

S 108◦ 41.3W 14 Apr 02 920 130 9 3811 3616

41 0◦ 1.3

N 109◦ 56.5W 15 Apr 02 624 140 11 3825 1009

51 8◦ 3.5

N 125◦ 1.4W 18 Apr 02 2237 70 13 4605 1001

61 7◦ 0.9

N 124◦ 57.7W 19 Apr 02 656 60 18 4653 1002

71 6◦ 0.3

N 124◦ 54.2W 19 Apr 02 1402 51 17 4421 1003

81 5◦ 7.1

N 124◦ 53.6W 20 Apr 02 508 50 12 4383 1008

91 4◦ 0.2

N 124◦ 58.7W 20 Apr 02 1258 176 24 4459 1002

101 3◦ 0.4

N 125◦ 2.5W 20 Apr 02 2011 29 93 4457 1002

111 2◦ 30.5

N 125◦ 4.0W 21 Apr 02 23 110 10 4585 1004

121 1◦ 56.5

N 125◦ 6.3W 21 Apr 02 505 110 10 4713 1002

131 1◦ 30.1

N 124◦ 57.6W 21 Apr 02 851 88 4 4631 1002

141 0◦ 59.9

N 124◦ 47.5W 21 Apr 02 1240 357 5 4660 1001

151 0◦ 29.9

N 124◦ 38.1W 21 Apr 02 1627 115 7 4595 1006

161 0◦ 11.5

S 124◦ 23.9W 22 Apr 02 338 244 11 4788 506

171 0◦ 10.6

S 124◦ 22.8W 22 Apr 02 602 80 5 4709 4504

181 0◦ 30.3

S 124◦ 27.8W 22 Apr 02 1105 141 3 4517 1004

191 1◦ 0.0

S 124◦ 37.5W 22 Apr 02 1443 89 6 4660 1003

201 1◦ 30.6

S 124◦ 45.9W 22 Apr 02 1837 30 8 4585 1004

211 2◦ 2.3

S 124◦ 54.3W 22 Apr 02 2236 80 8 4717 1002

221 2◦ 29.9

S 124◦ 54.5W 23 Apr 02 325 22 15 4571 1000

231 2◦ 59.6

S 124◦ 54.7W 23 Apr 02 712 60 11 4644 1004

241 4◦ 0.0

S 124◦ 54.9W 23 Apr 02 1330 58 9 4448 1002

251 4◦ 59.7

S 124◦ 57.0W 24 Apr 02 222 60 12 4544 1002

261 5◦ 59.8

S 124◦ 57.7W 24 Apr 02 844 60 15 4524 1002

271 6◦ 59.9

S 124◦ 59.9W 24 Apr 02 1511 45 17 4698 1002

281 7◦ 59.0

S 124◦ 58.9W 25 Apr 02 226 120 18 4505 1003

291 8◦ 27.9

S 125◦ 1.7W 25 Apr 02 825 60 19 4507 4204

301 8◦ 52.0

S 136◦ 19.6W 27 Apr 02 1830 90 15 4396 4103

311 4◦ 57.9

S 140◦ 2.2W 2 May 02 1632 107 20 4223 1002

321 3◦ 59.9

S 140◦ 0.9W 2 May 02 2241 86 18 4489 1006

331 2◦ 59.8

S 139◦ 58.9W 3 May 02 455 83 17 4413 1004

341 2◦ 29.9

S 139◦ 57.9W 3 May 02 842 106 15 4371 1003

351 1◦ 58.3

S 139◦ 57.3W 3 May 02 1328 100 14 4222 4003

361 1◦ 29.8

S 139◦ 55.0W 4 May 02 610 72 14 4352 1002

371 0◦ 59.5

S 139◦ 55.0W 4 May 02 954 59 18 4224 1001

381 0◦ 30.0

S 139◦ 53.4W 4 May 02 1334 72 17 4251 1001

391 0◦ 0.6

N 139◦ 53.0W 5 May 02 300 89 13 4353 1005

401 0◦ 30.2

N 139◦ 53.8W 5 May 02 651 79 14 4348 1004

411 1◦ 0.2

N 139◦ 56.4W 5 May 02 1035 80 10 4333 1002

421 1◦ 30.3

N 139◦ 57.8W 5 May 02 1412 96 11 4372 1003

431 1◦ 59.4

N 139◦ 59.3W 5 May 02 138 68 10 4371 1002

441 2◦ 59.9

N 139◦ 58.8W 6 May 02 547 95 11 4401 1003

451 3◦ 0.2

N 139◦ 58.8W 6 May 02 930 80 12 4297 1003

461 4◦ 0.1

N 139◦ 58.6W 6 May 02 1556 140 11 4337 1002

471 5◦ 2.3

N 139◦ 57.4W 7 May 02 825 95 6 4480 4254

481 6◦ 0.2

N 140◦ 2.3W 7 May 02 1539 50 6 4825 1002

491 7◦ 1.0

N 140◦ 6.8W 7 May 02 2312 55 19 4980 4740

501 8◦ 0.4

N 140◦ 11.4W 8 May 02 642 45 20 4425 1001

511 9◦ 0.7

N 140◦ 16.4W 8 May 02 1413 37 18 4877 4604

521 8◦ 59.0

N 140◦ 16.9W 8 May 02 26 48 19 4400 505

531 10◦ 0.4

N 141◦ 44.9W 9 May 02 1017 55 18 5013 1007

541 11◦ 0.9

N 143◦ 15.4W 9 May 02 2054 65 19 3297 1007

551 12◦ 0.4

N 144◦ 46.0W 10 May 02 626 52 20 4351 1003
36 McTaggart and Johnson

GP302KA (May 19 Jun 30) Honolulu, HI Kwajalein, Marshall Islands

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2k: GP3-02-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 37

Table 1k: GP3-02-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 12◦ 0.3N 155◦ 52.6W 1 Jun 02 1230 60 16 5089 1017

21 11◦ 0.2

N 155◦ 39.4W 1 Jun 02 1924 71 13 5105 1004

31 10◦ 0.5

N 155◦ 26.8W 2 Jun 02 208 42 15 5220 1004

41 9◦ 0.2

N 155◦ 13.2W 2 Jun 02 857 101 10 5187 1003

51 7◦ 57.2

N 155◦ 1.3W 3 Jun 02 116 60 13 5200 1003

61 7◦ 0.2

N 154◦ 58.7W 3 Jun 02 749 62 9 4977 1001

71 6◦ 0.1

N 154◦ 57.3W 3 Jun 02 1433 55 5 4834 1004

81 4◦ 59.6

N 154◦ 55.2W 4 Jun 02 344 29 5 4598 1001

91 4◦ 0.3

N 154◦ 56.5W 4 Jun 02 1029 56 11 4706 1005

101 3◦ 33.0

N 154◦ 56.2W 4 Jun 02 1650 91 6 4805 1006

111 2◦ 30.1

N 154◦ 56.2W 4 Jun 02 2040 63 8 4836 1002

121 2◦ 0.0

N 154◦ 57.0W 5 Jun 02 612 90 12 4642 4474

131 1◦ 30.2

N 154◦ 57.0W 6 Jun 02 223 130 7 4676 1005

141 1◦ 0.2

N 154◦ 57.5W 6 Jun 02 611 112 9 4755 1013

151 0◦ 30.3

N 154◦ 58.6W 6 Jun 02 1020 123 10 4778 1001

161 0◦ 1.9

N 154◦ 57.7W 6 Jun 02 1514 110 11 4663 4479

171 0◦ 30.0

S 154◦ 59.2W 7 Jun 02 804 160 8 4886 1003

181 0◦ 59.9

S 154◦ 58.0W 7 Jun 02 1155 179 4 4754 1001

191 1◦ 30.0

S 154◦ 57.4W 7 Jun 02 1539 180 0 4880 1004

201 1◦ 59.2

S 154◦ 58.9W 8 Jun 02 245 162 8 4970 1006

211 2◦ 29.9

S 155◦ 0.0W 8 Jun 02 647 126 8 4999 1004

221 2◦ 59.8

S 154◦ 59.7W 8 Jun 02 1045 96 8 4922 1003

231 3◦ 59.8

S 155◦ 2.0W 8 Jun 02 1706 62 12 2422 1002

241 4◦ 59.3

S 155◦ 0.5W 9 Jun 02 23 82 5 4781 1005

251 6◦ 0.0

S 155◦ 0.0W 9 Jun 02 644 90 10 5237 1004

261 7◦ 0.8

S 155◦ 1.3W 9 Jun 02 1305 80 0 5178 1012

271 8◦ 15.4

S 155◦ 0.8W 9 Jun 02 2114 107 11 5329 1002

281 13◦ 33.7

S 168◦ 35.4W 13 Jun 02 424 148 22 5143 4908

291 7◦ 57.6

S 170◦ 3.2W 16 Jun 02 1645 85 20 5394 4081

301 7◦ 0.2

S 170◦ 2.6W 17 Jun 02 146 112 14 4613 1004

311 6◦ 0.0

S 170◦ 1.5W 17 Jun 02 812 98 14 4687 1003

321 5◦ 0.3

S 170◦ 1.0W 17 Jun 02 1521 75 14 5365 3204

331 3◦ 59.8

S 170◦ 0.9W 18 Jun 02 835 118 21 5725 1004

341 2◦ 59.8

S 170◦ 1.5W 18 Jun 02 1516 106 20 5094 1002

351 2◦ 30.0

S 170◦ 1.8W 18 Jun 02 1904 91 23 5570 1004

361 2◦ 9.8

S 170◦ 1.5W 19 Jun 02 715 113 22 4953 1002

371 1◦ 30.0

S 169◦ 56.4W 19 Jun 02 1235 91 21 5224 1001

381 0◦ 59.9

S 169◦ 52.3W 19 Jun 02 1641 92 20 5238 1002

391 0◦ 29.8

S 169◦ 48.3W 19 Jun 02 2035 108 20 4908 1004

401 0◦ 0.0

N 170◦ 2.9W 20 Jun 02 1302 90 20 5590 4524

411 0◦ 1.5

S 170◦ 3.5W 21 Jun 02 514 91 15 4868 202

421 0◦ 30.1

N 170◦ 2.4W 21 Jun 02 938 92 10 5166 1001

431 1◦ 0.1

N 170◦ 2.8W 21 Jun 02 1324 100 10 5471 1003

441 1◦ 30.2

N 170◦ 3.2W 21 Jun 02 1701 110 10 5502 1003

451 2◦ 1.8

N 170◦ 3.4W 22 Jun 02 147 24 8 5611 1006

461 2◦ 29.9

N 170◦ 3.6W 22 Jun 02 535 48 22 5430 1001

471 3◦ 0.1

N 170◦ 2.5W 22 Jun 02 929 97 2 5459 1003

481 4◦ 1.2

N 170◦ 1.2W 22 Jun 02 1606 40 7 5475 1004

491 4◦ 59.9

N 170◦ 0.0W 23 Jun 02 744 70 12 5769 1001

501 6◦ 0.1

N 170◦ 0.8W 23 Jun 02 1444 90 19 5549 1002

511 7◦ 0.1

N 170◦ 1.2W 23 Jun 02 2133 50 22 5976 1003

521 8◦ 1.8

N 170◦ 2.8W 24 Jun 02 510 53 15 5531 3603
38 McTaggart and Johnson

GP402KA (Jul 4 29) Kwajalein, Marshall Islands Honolulu, HI

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2l: GP4-02-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 39

Table 1l: GP4-02-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 8◦ 0.1N 165◦ 5.0E 6 Jul 02 514 353 8 5240 1004

21 7◦ 0.3

N 165◦ 4.5E 6 Jul 02 1206 80 6 5164 1002

31 6◦ 0.1

N 165◦ 2.6E 6 Jul 02 1849 133 2 5013 1003

41 5◦ 1.5

N 165◦ 0.3E 7 Jul 02 118 135 2 4783 1002

51 4◦ 0.3

N 165◦ 0.6E 7 Jul 02 813 261 4 4495 1001

61 3◦ 0.1

N 165◦ 0.9E 7 Jul 02 1448 331 2 4261 1004

71 2◦ 29.8

N 165◦ 0.3E 7 Jul 02 1829 249 2 4125 1009

81 1◦ 59.5

N 165◦ 0.4E 8 Jul 02 438 41 1 4176 1003

91 1◦ 29.9

N 165◦ 0.8E 8 Jul 02 843 75 1 4260 818

101 0◦ 59.9

N 165◦ 1.5E 8 Jul 02 1230 344 1 4335 1001

111 0◦ 29.7

N 165◦ 1.9E 8 Jul 02 1607 259 3 4372 1004

121 0◦ 1.7

N 165◦ 5.5E 9 Jul 02 548 315 1 4416 1007

131 0◦ 29.8

S 164◦ 51.4E 9 Jul 02 1037 352 4 4443 1000

141 1◦ 0.0

S 164◦ 41.2E 9 Jul 02 1500 277 1 4426 1003

151 1◦ 30.3

S 164◦ 29.4E 9 Jul 02 1910 73 1 4441 1002

161 1◦ 59.9

S 165◦ 0.4E 10 Jul 02 849 291 3 4468 4003

171 2◦ 29.8

S 165◦ 2.0E 11 Jul 02 232 292 9 2784 1007

181 3◦ 0.2

S 165◦ 3.6E 11 Jul 02 623 280 10 4210 1002

191 5◦ 0.5

S 165◦ 11.0E 11 Jul 02 2210 230 6 2498 1006

201 6◦ 0.1

S 165◦ 3.8E 12 Jul 02 435 110 5 3607 1005

211 7◦ 0.0

S 164◦ 55.8E 12 Jul 02 1100 90 4 3719 1002

221 8◦ 0.7

S 164◦ 48.3E 12 Jul 02 1819 150 4 3895 3025

231 8◦ 1.3

S 164◦ 47.0E 13 Jul 02 300 260 5 3895 507

241 7◦ 58.9

S 179◦ 48.7W 16 Jul 02 758 84 8 5544 4017

251 6◦ 59.9

S 179◦ 51.4W 16 Jul 02 2127 128 14 5052 1004

261 6◦ 0.0

S 179◦ 54.7W 17 Jul 02 359 133 11 4792 1004

271 4◦ 56.9

S 179◦ 55.9W 17 Jul 02 1125 88 15 5664 4001

281 4◦ 57.0

S 179◦ 56.3W 18 Jul 02 156 130 10 5652 500

291 3◦ 59.8

S 179◦ 54.6W 18 Jul 02 851 100 10 5749 1000

301 2◦ 59.9

S 179◦ 53.9W 18 Jul 02 1504 131 16 5412 1004

311 2◦ 29.7

S 179◦ 53.3W 18 Jul 02 1838 145 11 5423 1002

321 1◦ 59.5

S 179◦ 53.1W 19 Jul 02 503 100 8 5350 1002

331 1◦ 29.8

S 179◦ 52.8W 19 Jul 02 847 80 9 5214 1001

341 0◦ 59.9

S 179◦ 52.9W 19 Jul 02 1221 70 13 5364 1004

351 0◦ 29.8

S 179◦ 53.4W 19 Jul 02 1601 75 12 4482 1004

361 0◦ 2.4

N 179◦ 54.2W 19 Jul 02 2052 60 10 5403 4014

371 0◦ 29.8

N 179◦ 52.2W 20 Jul 02 148 70 7 5660 1006

381 0◦ 59.9

N 179◦ 51.3W 20 Jul 02 521 80 10 5703 1003

391 1◦ 30.0

N 179◦ 50.1W 20 Jul 02 850 75 8 5585 1000

401 2◦ 2.4

N 179◦ 48.0W 20 Jul 02 1332 70 6 5476 4041

411 2◦ 29.9

N 179◦ 49.0W 21 Jul 02 554 310 5 5322 1003

421 3◦ 0.1

N 179◦ 50.5W 21 Jul 02 926 5 5 5660 1002

431 4◦ 0.1

N 179◦ 52.3W 21 Jul 02 1549 339 7 5636 1003

441 4◦ 58.6

N 179◦ 54.4W 22 Jul 02 538 100 8 5672 1003

451 5◦ 59.9

N 179◦ 53.9W 22 Jul 02 1213 47 10 5443 1002

461 7◦ 0.3

N 179◦ 52.8W 22 Jul 02 1833 78 10 5830 1002

471 8◦ 0.1

N 179◦ 53.1W 23 Jul 02 828 20 9 5944 1001

481 9◦ 0.1

N 178◦ 26.0W 23 Jul 02 1954 90 10 5716 1001

491 10◦ 0.1

N 177◦ 0.2W 24 Jul 02 823 100 10 5993 1001

501 11◦ 0.2

N 175◦ 30.3W 24 Jul 02 1937 111 13 5471 1002

511 12◦ 0.3

N 174◦ 0.3W 25 Jul 02 704 120 12 5642 1003
40 McTaggart and Johnson

GP502KA (Aug 16 Sep 16) Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2m: GP5-02-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 41

Table 1m: GP5-02-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 11◦ 59.9N 142◦ 24.9W 22 Aug 02 512 200 20 5067 1005

21 11◦ 0.2

N 141◦ 41.9W 22 Aug 02 1344 111 80 5116 1005

31 9◦ 59.9

N 140◦ 58.8W 22 Aug 02 2201 92 0 5006 1003

41 8◦ 57.6

N 140◦ 15.2W 23 Aug 02 634 102 35 4876 1007

51 8◦ 1.0

N 140◦ 10.8W 23 Aug 02 1430 82 21 5110 1023

61 7◦ 0.2

N 140◦ 5.7W 23 Aug 02 2152 122 0 4951 1015

71 6◦ 0.1

N 140◦ 2.6W 24 Aug 02 519 72 8 4825 1009

81 5◦ 2.7

N 139◦ 58.8W 24 Aug 02 1259 112 10 4467 4004

91 4◦ 1.2

N 139◦ 58.4W 24 Aug 02 2236 61 93 4339 1002

111 2◦ 2.4

N 140◦ 1.3W 26 Aug 02 348 81 23 4400 1001

121 1◦ 0.4

N 140◦ 0.4W 26 Aug 02 1110 191 60 4309 1002

131 0◦ 30.1

N 140◦ 0.6W 26 Aug 02 1506 171 15 4349 1002

141 0◦ 0.6

S 139◦ 55.8W 27 Aug 02 927 91 14 4346 4005

151 0◦ 29.9

S 139◦ 53.4W 28 Aug 02 358 121 7 4255 1002

161 1◦ 0.1

S 139◦ 54.5W 28 Aug 02 807 180 70 4194 1003

171 1◦ 29.9

S 139◦ 55.6W 28 Aug 02 1146 51 10 4347 1006

181 1◦ 59.9

S 139◦ 57.7W 28 Aug 02 1632 141 10 4322 1004

191 2◦ 29.9

S 139◦ 57.6W 29 Aug 02 113 151 10 4370 1001

201 2◦ 58.8

S 139◦ 58.6W 29 Aug 02 511 171 10 4418 1001

211 3◦ 59.9

S 140◦ 0.7W 29 Aug 02 1222 181 5 4491 1004

221 5◦ 0.2

S 139◦ 54.8W 30 Aug 02 332 181 0 4356 1002
42 McTaggart and Johnson

GP602RB (Oct 8 Nov 8) Panama City Panama City, Panama

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2n: GP6-02-RB cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 43

Table 1n: GP6-02-RB CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 12◦ 0.8N 94◦ 49.4W 12 Oct 02 641 0 0 4048 3001

12 12◦ 1.1

N 94◦ 50.9W 12 Oct 02 1736 60 8 4083 1002

21 10◦ 59.8

N 94◦ 56.3W 13 Oct 02 44 0 0 3939 1001

31 10◦ 3.0

N 94◦ 53.4W 13 Oct 02 653 0 0 3812 402

32 10◦ 2.7

N 94◦ 53.0W 13 Oct 02 735 0 0 3828 400

41 10◦ 2.5

N 94◦ 55.2W 13 Oct 02 2336 0 0 3859 1004

51 9◦ 0.0

N 94◦ 53.5W 14 Oct 02 628 60 6 3509 1003

61 8◦ 2.1

N 94◦ 56.1W 15 Oct 02 16 340 4 3680 1002

71 4◦ 58.0

N 94◦ 59.5W 15 Oct 02 2053 210 11 3526 1002

81 4◦ 0.2

N 94◦ 56.4W 16 Oct 02 301 180 14 3302 1004

91 3◦ 37.1

N 94◦ 57.0W 16 Oct 02 554 180 11 3388 301

92 3◦ 36.8

N 94◦ 57.0W 16 Oct 02 627 180 11 3393 301

101 3◦ 38.3

N 94◦ 56.2W 16 Oct 02 1635 190 12 3397 1002

111 2◦ 1.7

N 95◦ 18.3W 17 Oct 02 505 170 17 3056 1002

121 1◦ 0.4

N 95◦ 0.3W 17 Oct 02 1207 180 12 3526 1000

131 0◦ 0.7

S 94◦ 59.6W 18 Oct 02 521 150 9 3321 3002

141 0◦ 0.3

S 94◦ 59.6W 18 Oct 02 1603 150 9 3015 1002

151 0◦ 29.7

S 95◦ 9.5W 18 Oct 02 2059 150 8 3321 1005

161 0◦ 59.8

S 95◦ 18.8W 19 Oct 02 152 190 12 3376 1002

171 1◦ 29.9

S 95◦ 28.5W 19 Oct 02 633 160 11 3304 1001

181 1◦ 48.7

S 95◦ 35.3W 19 Oct 02 949 190 10 3307 301

182 1◦ 48.9

S 95◦ 34.7W 19 Oct 02 1020 190 10 3318 303

183 1◦ 58.0

S 95◦ 10.1W 19 Oct 02 2039 170 8 3432 1001

191 3◦ 0.0

S 95◦ 7.5W 20 Oct 02 321 180 9 3564 1002

201 4◦ 0.0

S 95◦ 7.2W 20 Oct 02 909 160 10 3597 1001

211 5◦ 2.8

S 95◦ 5.5W 20 Oct 02 1854 130 14 3825 1004

221 6◦ 0.1

S 95◦ 4.9W 21 Oct 02 49 140 15 3894 1001

231 6◦ 59.8

S 95◦ 11.0W 21 Oct 02 628 140 15 4010 1001

241 7◦ 59.1

S 95◦ 16.0W 21 Oct 02 2237 120 14 3996 1002

251 5◦ 49.8

S 106◦ 38.3W 24 Oct 02 1517 130 16 3063 501

261 8◦ 0.0

S 110◦ 7.2W 25 Oct 02 2010 160 13 3574 1000

271 4◦ 59.4

S 110◦ 1.2W 27 Oct 02 2327 120 11 3459 1001

281 4◦ 0.2

S 110◦ 0.1W 28 Oct 02 527 120 9 3705 1001

291 3◦ 0.1

S 110◦ 0.0W 28 Oct 02 1106 130 14 3734 1001

301 1◦ 58.4

S 110◦ 0.1W 28 Oct 02 2317 150 14 3935 1001

311 1◦ 0.2

S 110◦ 0.1W 29 Oct 02 530 130 14 3962 1002

321 0◦ 3.6

S 109◦ 55.6W 29 Oct 02 1611 160 13 3806 1002

331 0◦ 59.9

N 110◦ 5.7W 30 Oct 02 1341 150 7 3728 1001

341 2◦ 3.7

N 110◦ 2.8W 31 Oct 02 241 160 9 3726 1001

351 3◦ 0.0

N 110◦ 0.1W 31 Oct 02 856 150 10 3883 1002

361 4◦ 0.0

N 109◦ 59.9W 31 Oct 02 1437 180 10 3876 1001

371 5◦ 0.2

N 110◦ 3.3W 1 Nov 02 114 220 14 3948 1000

381 5◦ 59.8

N 110◦ 7.9W 1 Nov 02 748 200 13 3828 1001

391 7◦ 0.1

N 110◦ 8.8W 1 Nov 02 1336 200 15 3676 1001

401 8◦ 5.0

N 110◦ 6.4W 2 Nov 02 558 210 17 4103 3102
44 McTaggart and Johnson

GP702KA (Oct 3 26) Honolulu, HI Kwajalein, Marshall Islands

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2o: GP7-02-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 45

Table 1o: GP7-02-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 12◦ 0.4N 155◦ 52.9W 6 Oct 02 1610 60 17 5185 1003

21 11◦ 0.2

N 155◦ 39.8W 7 Oct 02 13 70 21 5206 1004

31 10◦ 0.4

N 155◦ 25.9W 7 Oct 02 841 63 16 5334 1006

41 9◦ 0.4

N 155◦ 13.2W 7 Oct 02 1703 80 22 5032 1006

51 7◦ 57.2

N 154◦ 58.9W 8 Oct 02 200 230 5 5151 1009

61 7◦ 0.0

N 154◦ 56.7W 8 Oct 02 957 337 7 4921 1003

71 6◦ 0.2

N 154◦ 55.8W 8 Oct 02 1727 130 15 4787 1025

81 5◦ 0.1

N 154◦ 54.2W 9 Oct 02 141 120 12 4603 1000

82 5◦ 0.8

N 154◦ 54.3W 9 Oct 02 857 125 11 4630 4247

91 4◦ 0.1

N 154◦ 58.0W 10 Oct 02 356 160 4 4665 1003

101 3◦ 0.3

N 154◦ 54.6W 10 Oct 02 1101 0 2 4803 1003

111 1◦ 59.1

N 154◦ 57.7W 10 Oct 02 1825 180 6 4662 1003

121 0◦ 59.7

N 154◦ 59.2W 11 Oct 02 125 150 6 4764 1001

131 0◦ 30.1

N 154◦ 59.7W 11 Oct 02 517 110 5 4781 1003

141 0◦ 0.7

N 155◦ 1.3W 11 Oct 02 950 130 8 4682 3069

151 0◦ 1.9

N 155◦ 0.8W 12 Oct 02 212 140 13 4670 1003

161 0◦ 30.2

S 154◦ 59.8W 12 Oct 02 628 120 14 4887 1003

171 0◦ 59.9

S 154◦ 58.9W 12 Oct 02 1015 120 11 4746 1002

181 1◦ 29.7

S 154◦ 58.7W 12 Oct 02 1414 120 12 4870 1003

191 1◦ 59.9

S 154◦ 58.9W 12 Oct 02 2333 90 8 4990 1004

201 3◦ 0.1

S 154◦ 59.9W 13 Oct 02 608 80 18 4910 1004

211 3◦ 59.8

S 155◦ 2.1W 13 Oct 02 1231 70 21 2460 1003

221 4◦ 58.9

S 154◦ 59.6W 14 Oct 02 324 80 18 5009 1001

231 2◦ 8.7

S 170◦ 0.9W 17 Oct 02 1621 90 9 4953 1002

241 0◦ 59.9

S 170◦ 2.2W 18 Oct 02 351 89 1 5931 1003

251 0◦ 1.0

S 170◦ 2.3W 18 Oct 02 1040 20 8 5353 1002

261 1◦ 0.0

N 170◦ 2.4W 18 Oct 02 1717 50 6 5460 1014

271 2◦ 1.9

N 170◦ 2.5W 19 Oct 02 17 70 8 5390 1002

281 3◦ 0.3

N 170◦ 1.7W 19 Oct 02 703 50 10 5469 1003

291 3◦ 59.8

N 169◦ 59.4W 19 Oct 02 1326 80 6 5666 1001

301 5◦ 0.3

N 169◦ 58.6W 19 Oct 02 2029 30 12 5809 1005

311 5◦ 59.9

N 169◦ 59.6W 20 Oct 02 333 35 10 5437 1002

321 7◦ 0.3

N 169◦ 59.3W 20 Oct 02 1013 30 8 5911 1007

331 8◦ 0.1

N 170◦ 2.8W 20 Oct 02 1718 60 9 5325 2515

341 8◦ 0.0

N 179◦ 50.7W 23 Oct 02 1458 40 2 5922 5257
46 McTaggart and Johnson

GP802KA (Nov 1 25) Kwajalein, Marshall Islands Honolulu, HI

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2p: GP8-02-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 47

Table 1p: GP8-02-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 8◦ 0.6N 165◦ 6.3E 2 Nov 02 1817 0 0 5247 1002

21 7◦ 0.2

N 165◦ 4.7E 3 Nov 02 156 0 0 5142 1001

31 5◦ 59.8

N 165◦ 2.6E 3 Nov 02 854 0 0 5037 1002

41 5◦ 3.4

N 165◦ 0.9E 3 Nov 02 1613 0 0 4807 3002

51 4◦ 0.1

N 165◦ 0.3E 4 Nov 02 823 20 7 4491 1002

61 2◦ 59.9

N 164◦ 59.9E 4 Nov 02 1455 40 4 4262 1001

71 2◦ 29.9

N 165◦ 0.2E 4 Nov 02 1846 40 7 4127 1001

81 1◦ 59.9

N 165◦ 0.2E 4 Nov 02 2249 50 10 4176 1005

91 1◦ 30.0

N 165◦ 1.2E 5 Nov 02 236 0 0 4266 1004

101 1◦ 0.1

N 165◦ 3.0E 5 Nov 02 618 0 0 4341 1002

111 0◦ 29.6

N 165◦ 4.7E 5 Nov 02 1007 0 7 4382 1003

121 0◦ 1.5

N 165◦ 5.7E 5 Nov 02 1438 40 6 4422 4103

131 0◦ 29.7

S 165◦ 8.4E 6 Nov 02 558 0 0 4433 1002

141 1◦ 0.2

S 165◦ 6.2E 6 Nov 02 1001 0 0 3975 1004

151 1◦ 30.3

S 165◦ 2.7E 6 Nov 02 1403 0 0 4460 1002

161 1◦ 59.9

S 164◦ 59.7E 6 Nov 02 1807 0 0 4472 1001

171 2◦ 59.8

S 165◦ 3.9E 7 Nov 02 651 190 6 4300 1002

181 3◦ 59.9

S 165◦ 8.1E 7 Nov 02 1411 220 7 3379 1002

191 4◦ 59.4

S 165◦ 11.8E 8 Nov 02 348 0 0 2499 1001

201 5◦ 59.9

S 165◦ 3.5E 8 Nov 02 1122 120 7 3598 1002

211 7◦ 0.0

S 164◦ 55.3E 8 Nov 02 1757 70 7 3715 1000

221 8◦ 2.0

S 164◦ 40.5E 9 Nov 02 46 40 9 3897 1001

231 7◦ 58.7

S 179◦ 50.0W 13 Nov 02 308 0 0 5576 1000

241 6◦ 59.8

S 179◦ 51.3W 13 Nov 02 945 80 13 5049 1002

251 5◦ 59.9

S 179◦ 53.9W 13 Nov 02 1625 80 13 4926 1000

261 4◦ 57.7

S 179◦ 56.3W 14 Nov 02 2 80 15 5683 1001

271 3◦ 59.8

S 179◦ 55.4W 14 Nov 02 647 90 13 5447 1005

281 2◦ 59.8

S 179◦ 54.2W 14 Nov 02 1328 60 10 5378 1005

291 2◦ 0.1

S 179◦ 52.9W 15 Nov 02 410 70 8 5256 1001

301 0◦ 59.9

S 179◦ 54.5W 15 Nov 02 1122 30 8 5387 1002

311 0◦ 1.1

N 179◦ 55.5W 15 Nov 02 1814 80 8 5413 1002

321 1◦ 0.2

N 179◦ 52.4W 16 Nov 02 1130 60 12 4943 1002

331 2◦ 0.4

N 179◦ 48.3W 16 Nov 02 1810 90 11 5601 1002

341 3◦ 0.4

N 179◦ 49.6W 17 Nov 02 235 50 11 5576 1009

351 4◦ 0.5

N 179◦ 50.9W 17 Nov 02 904 40 8 5405 1005

361 4◦ 58.6

N 179◦ 51.2W 17 Nov 02 1608 60 7 4874 3003

371 5◦ 0.6

N 169◦ 59.7W 20 Nov 02 504 50 11 5311 1001

381 6◦ 0.0

N 170◦ 0.7W 20 Nov 02 1144 50 11 5562 1002

391 7◦ 0.6

N 170◦ 0.6W 20 Nov 02 1908 90 22 5949 1002

401 8◦ 0.3

N 170◦ 1.7W 21 Nov 02 313 80 12 5154 1002

411 9◦ 0.9

N 169◦ 10.9W 21 Nov 02 1244 40 22 5063 1002

421 10◦ 3.4

N 168◦ 17.0W 21 Nov 02 2321 90 15 5313 1003

431 11◦ 0.1

N 167◦ 27.9W 22 Nov 02 939 70 24 5324 1003

441 12◦ 0.1

N 166◦ 36.0W 22 Nov 02 2029 60 22 5034 1003
48 McTaggart and Johnson

Table 2: Drift and viscous heating corrections for CTD temperature calibration.

Temp. Drift Viscous Heat

Sensor Correction Correction

Cruise S/N ◦C ◦C

GP101 2027 0.0007 −0.0006

GP201 2027 −0.0002 −0.0006

1710 0.0000 −0.0006

GP301 2027 0.0000 −0.0006

GP401 2026 −0.0002 −0.0006

GP501 2026 −0.0001 −0.0006

GP701 2026 0.0000 −0.0006

GP801 1455 0.0000 −0.0006

GP901 2026 0.0000 −0.0006

GP102 2026 −0.0009 −0.0006

GP202 2026 −0.0008 −0.0006

GP302 2026 −0.0007 −0.0006

GP402 2027 −0.0003 −0.0006

GP502 1460 0.0000 −0.0006

GP602 1455 0.0002 −0.0006

GP702 4211 0.0000 −0.0006

GP802 4211 0.0000 −0.0006
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 49 Table 3: Station groupings for CTD conductivity calibration. Fit Standard Conductivity Pressure Salinity Sensor Standard Fitting Reject Total Percent Deviation Fit Bias Correction Minimum Maximum Offset Cruise Stations S/N Seawater Routine Std Dev Points Points Used (mS/cm) (mS/cm) Beta Fit Slope Fit Slope (PSS-78) GP101 1-23 1537 P136 Calcop0 2.8 263 81.4 0.0018 0.00195 −5.03e−007 1.0000524 1.0000524 24-50 1537 P136 Calcop0 2.8 304 80.9 0.0015 −0.00171 −5.38e−007 1.0001099 1.0001099 GP201 1-17+21-41 1537 P139 Calcos0 2.8 420 84.3 0.0058 −0.00900 −7.20e−007 1.0002644 1.0002644 18-22 1469 P136 Calcos0 2.8 32 68.8 0.0025 −0.01877 −7.20e−007 1.0009307 1.0009307 GP301 1-51 1537 P136 Calcop1 2.8 263 78.7 0.0022 −0.00378 −0.88e−007 1.0000599 1.0000894 GP401 1-49 1536 P139 Calcos0 2.3 484 65.7 0.0042 −0.00667 1.0001906 1.0001906 −0.0060 GP501 1-53 1536 P139 Calcos2 2.8 580 77.2 0.0025 −0.01259 1.0001927 1.0002809 GP701 1-51 1536 P136/9 Calcos0 2.2 517 37.3 0.0024 −0.01592 1.0004629 1.0004629 −0.0056 1-51 1537 P136/9 Calcos0 2.2 517 38.7 0.0027 −0.00365 1.0001523 1.0001523 GP801 1-66 1177 P139 Calcos1 2.8 347 74.6 0.0025 −0.01332 1.0003299 1.0003988 GP901 1-53 1536 P139 Calcos0 2.3 386 68.4 0.0050 −0.01686 1.0004561 1.0004561 −0.0032 GP102 1-55 1536 P139 Calcos0 2.2 612 66.0 0.0042 −0.02032 1.0006152 1.0006152 −0.0050 GP202 1-55 1536 P139 Calcos0 2.8 497 84.9 0.0020 −0.01590 1.0004764 1.0004764 GP302 1-52 1536 P139 Calcop1 2.8 449 85.5 0.0032 −0.01307 −8.15e−007 1.0004646 1.0005453 GP402 1-51 1469 P139 Calcos0 2.8 202 90.6 0.0058 −0.01459 1.0006107 1.0006107 −0.0042 (1−18 only) GP502 2-22 197 P139 Calcos1 2.8 226 82.3 0.0024 −0.00185 1.0000708 1.0001563 GP602 1-40 1177 P139 Calcos0 2.8 240 87.9 0.0040 −0.02127 1.0006256 1.0006256 GP702 1-34 354 P139 Calcos0 2.8 348 81.9 0.0039 −0.00328 1.0001901 1.0001901 GP802 1-44 354 P139 Calcos1 2.8 320 76.6 0.0027 0.00118 0.9999830 1.0000584
50 McTaggart and JohnsonFigure 3a: Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP1-01-KA (upper panels) and GP2-01-KA (lower panels).
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 51 Figure 3b: Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP3-01-KA (upper panels) and GP4-01-KA (lower panels).
52 McTaggart and JohnsonFigure 3c: Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP5-01-KA (upper panels) and GP7-01-KA (lower panels).
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 53 Figure 3d: Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP8-01-RB (upper panels) and GP9-01-KA (lower panels).
54 McTaggart and JohnsonFigure 3e: Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP1-02-KA (upper panels) and GP2-02-KA (lower panels).
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 55 Figure 3f: Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP3-02-KA (upper panels) and GP4-02-KA (lower panels).
56 McTaggart and JohnsonFigure 3g: Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP5-02-KA (upper panels) and GP6-02-RB (lower panels).
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 57 Figure 3h: Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP7-02-KA (upper panels) and GP8-02-KA (lower panels).
58 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 4: GP2-01-KA boreal spring and GP8-01-RB fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 95◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 59 Figure 5: GP1-02-KA boreal spring and GP6-02-RB fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 95◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
60 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 6: GP2-01-KA boreal spring and GP8-01-RB fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 95◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 61 Figure 7: GP1-02-KA boreal spring and GP6-02-RB fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 95◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78.
62 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 8: GP2-01-KA boreal spring and GP8-01-RB fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 95◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less than 26.0 kg m−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 63 Figure 9: GP1-02-KA boreal spring and GP6-02-RB fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 95◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less than 26.0 kg m−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3.
64 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 10: GP2-01-KA boreal spring and GP8-01-RB fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 110◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 65 Figure 11: GP1-02-KA boreal spring and GP6-02-RB fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 110◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
66 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 12: GP2-01-KA boreal spring and GP8-01-RB fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 110◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 67 Figure 13: GP1-02-KA boreal spring and GP6-02-RB fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 110◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78.
68 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 14: GP2-01-KA boreal spring and GP8-01-RB fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 110◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less than 26.0 kg m−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 69 Figure 15: GP1-02-KA boreal spring and GP6-02-RB fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 110◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less than 26.0 kg m−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3.
70 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 16: GP1-01-KA boreal winter and GP5-01-KA summer potential temperature (◦C) sections along 125◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 71 Figure 17: GP2-02-KA boreal spring potential temperature (◦C) section along 125◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
72 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 18: GP1-01-KA boreal winter and GP5-01-KA summer salinity (PSS-78) sections along 125◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 73 Figure 19: GP2-02-KA boreal spring salinity (PSS-78) section along 125◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78.
74 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 20: GP1-01-KA boreal winter and GP5-01-KA summer potential density (kg/m3) sections along 125◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less than 26.0 kg m−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 75 Figure 21: GP2-02-KA boreal spring potential density (kg/m3) section along 125◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less than 26.0 kg m−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3.
76 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 22: GP1-01-KA boreal winter and GP5-01-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 77 Figure 23: GP2-02-KA boreal spring and GP5-02-KA summer potential temperature (◦C) sections along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
78 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 24: GP1-01-KA boreal winter and GP5-01-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 79 Figure 25: GP2-02-KA boreal spring and GP5-02-KA summer salinity (PSS-78) sections along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78.
80 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 26: GP1-01-KA boreal winter and GP5-01-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less than 26.0 kg m−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 81 Figure 27: GP2-02-KA boreal spring and GP5-02-KA summer potential density (kg/m3) sections along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less than 26.0 kg m−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3.
82 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 28: GP3-01-KA boreal summer and GP7-01-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 83 Figure 29: GP3-02-KA boreal summer and GP7-02-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
84 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 30: GP3-01-KA boreal summer and GP7-01-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 85 Figure 31: GP3-02-KA boreal summer and GP7-02-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78.
86 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 32: GP3-01-KA boreal summer and GP7-01-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less than 26.0 kg m−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 87 Figure 33: GP3-02-KA boreal summer and GP7-02-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less than 26.0 kg m−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3.
88 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 34: GP3-01-KA boreal summer and GP7-01-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 89 Figure 35: GP3-02-KA boreal summer and GP7-02-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
90 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 36: GP3-01-KA boreal summer and GP7-01-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 91 Figure 37: GP3-02-KA boreal summer and GP7-02-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78.
92 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 38: GP3-01-KA boreal summer and GP7-01-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less than 26.0 kg m−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 93 Figure 39: GP3-02-KA boreal summer and GP7-02-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less than 26.0 kg m−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3.
94 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 40: GP4-01-KA boreal summer and GP9-01-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 180◦. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 95 Figure 41: GP4-02-KA boreal summer and GP8-02-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 180◦. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
96 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 42: GP4-01-KA boreal summer and GP9-01-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 180◦. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 97 Figure 43: GP4-02-KA boreal summer and GP8-02-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 180◦. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78.
98 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 44: GP4-01-KA boreal summer and GP9-01-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 180◦. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less than 26.0 kg m−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 99 Figure 45: GP4-02-KA boreal summer and GP8-02-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 180◦. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less than 26.0 kg m−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3.
100 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 46: GP4-01-KA boreal summer and GP9-01-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 165◦E. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 101 Figure 47: GP4-02-KA boreal summer and GP8-02-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 165◦E. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
102 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 48: GP4-01-KA boreal summer and GP9-01-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 165◦E. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 103 Figure 49: GP4-02-KA boreal summer and GP8-02-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 165◦E. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS-78.
104 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 50: GP4-01-KA boreal summer and GP9-01-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 165◦E. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less than 26.0 kg m−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 105 Figure 51: GP4-02-KA boreal summer and GP8-02-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 165◦E. Contour intervals are 0.5 kg m−3 less than 26.0 kg m−3 and 0.2 kg m−3 greater than 26.0 kg m−3.
106 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 52: GP2-01-KA boreal spring (April 20–26, 2001) and GP8-01-RB fall (November 20–December 3, 2001) composite θ-S diagrams along 95◦W.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 107 Figure 53: GP1-02-KA boreal spring (March 20–April 1, 2002) and GP6-02-RB fall (October 12–21, 2002) composite θ-S diagrams along 95◦W.
108 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 54: GP2-01-KA boreal spring (April 3–12, 2001) and GP8-01-RB fall (November 7–20, 2001) composite θ-S diagrams along 110◦W.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 109 Figure 55: GP1-02-KA boreal spring (March 6–16, 2002) and GP6-02-RB fall (October 24–November 2, 2002) composite θ-S diagrams along 110◦W.
110 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 56: GP1-01-KA boreal winter (February 1–9, 2001) and GP5-01-KA summer (August 19–September 1, 2001) composite θ-S diagrams along 125◦W.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 111 Figure 57: GP2-02-KA boreal spring (April 18–25, 2002) composite θ-S diagram along 125◦W.
112 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 58: GP1-01-KA boreal winter (January 19–27, 2001) and GP5-01-KA fall (September 8–15, 2001) composite θ-S diagrams along 140◦W.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 113 Figure 59: GP2-02-KA boreal spring (May 2–10, 2002) and GP5-02-KA summer (August 22–30, 2002) composite θ-S diagrams along 140◦W.
114 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 60: GP3-01-KA boreal summer (June 1–9, 2001) and GP7-01-KA fall (September 30–October 9, 2001) com- posite θ-S diagrams along 155◦W.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 115 Figure 61: GP3-02-KA boreal summer (June 1–9, 2002) and GP7-02-KA fall (October 6–14, 2002) composite θ-S diagrams along 155◦W.
116 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 62: GP3-01-KA boreal summer (June 14–24, 2001) and GP7-01-KA fall (October 13–22, 2001) composite θ-S diagrams along 170◦W.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 117 Figure 63: GP3-02-KA boreal summer (June 16–24, 2002) and GP7-02-KA fall (October 17–23, 2002) composite θ-S diagrams along 170◦W.
118 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 64: GP4-01-KA boreal summer (July 16–25, 2001) and GP9-01-KA fall (November 10–24, 2001) composite θ-S diagrams along 180◦.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 119 Figure 65: GP4-02-KA boreal summer (July 16–25, 2002) and GP8-02-KA fall (November 13–22, 2002) composite θ-S diagrams along 180◦.
120 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 66: GP4-01-KA boreal summer (July 4–12, 2001) and GP9-01-KA fall (October 31–November 6, 2001) composite θ-S diagrams along 165◦E.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 121 Figure 67: GP4-02-KA boreal summer (July 6–13, 2002) and GP8-02-KA fall (November 2–9, 2002) composite θ-S diagrams along 165◦E.
122 McTaggart and Johnson

Table 4: Weather condition code used to describe each set of CTD

measurements.

Code Weather Condition

0 Clear (no cloud)

1 Partly cloudy

2 Continuous layer(s) of cloud(s)

3 Sandstorm, dust storm, or blowing snow

4 Fog, thick dust or haze

5 Drizzle

6 Rain

7 Snow, or rain and snow mixed

8 Shower(s)

9 Thunderstorms

Table 5: Sea state code used to describe each set of CTD

measurements.

Code Height (meters) Description

0 0 Calm-glassy

1 0–0.1 Calm-rippled

2 0.1–0.5 Smooth-wavelet

3 0.5–1.25 Slight

4 1.25–2.5 Moderate

5 2.5–4 Rough

6 4–6 Very rough

7 6–9 High

8 9–14 Very high

9 >14 Phenomenal

Table 6: Visibility code used to describe each set of CTD

measurements.

Code Visibility

0 <50 meters

1 50–200 meters

2 200–500 meters

3 500–1,000 meters

4 1–2 km

5 2–4 km

6 4–10 km

7 10–20 km

8 20–50 km

9 50 km or more
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2001 and 2002 123

Table 7: Cloud type.

Code Cloud Types

0 Cirrus

1 Cirrocumulus

2 Cirrostratus

3 Altocumulus

4 Altostratus

5 Nimbostratus

6 Stratocumulus

7 Stratus

8 Cumulus

9 Cumulonimbus

X Clouds not visible

Table 8: Cloud amount.

Code Cloud Amount

0 0

1 1/10 or less but not zero

2 2/10–3/10

3 4/10

4 5/10

5 6/10

6 7/10–8/10

7 9/10

8 10/10

9 Sky obscured or not determined