UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Carlos M. Gutierrez

Secretary

NATIONAL OCEANIC AND

ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

VADM Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Jr.

Under Secretary for Oceans

and Atmosphere/Administrator

Oceanic and Atmospheric

Research Laboratories

Richard W. Spinrad

Assistant Administrator

NOAA Data Report OAR PMEL-72

CTD MEASUREMENTS DURING 2005 AND 2006 AS PART OF THE TAO/TRITON

PROGRAM

K.E. McTaggart 

G.C. Johnson

Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory

Seattle, Washington

August 2007
NOTICE

Mention of a commercial company or product does not constitute an endorsement by

NOAA/OAR. Use of information from this publication concerning proprietary products

or the tests of such products for publicity or advertising purposes is not authorized.

Contribution No. 3101 from NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory

Also available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS)

(http://www.ntis.gov)

ii
Contents iii

Contents

1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2. Sea-Bird 911plus CTD System . ................ 2

2.1 Conductivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.2 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.3 Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.4 Oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

3. Data Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

4. Salinity Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

5. SEASOFT Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

6. Post-Cruise Calibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

6.1 Conductivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

6.2 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

6.3 Oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

7. Additional Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

8. Data Presentation and Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

9. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Figures and Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

List of Figures

1a 2005 CTD station locations for the first half of the year (upper panel)

and the second half of the year (lower panel). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1b 2006 CTD station locations for the first half of the year (upper panel)

and the second half of the year (lower panel). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2a GP1-05-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2b GP2-05-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2c GP3-05-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

2d GP4-05-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2e GP5-05-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2f GP6-05-RB cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

2g GP7-05-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

2h GP8-05-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

2i GP1-06-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

2j GP2-06-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

2k GP3-06-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

2l GP4-06-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

2m GP5-06-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

2n GP6-06-RB cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

2o GP7-06-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

2p GP8-06-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

3a Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP1-05-KA (upper panels) and

GP2-05-KA (lower panels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

3b Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP3-05-KA (upper panels) and

GP4-05-KA (lower panels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
iv Contents

3c Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP5-05-KA (upper panels) and

GP6-05-RB (lower panels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

3d Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP7-05-KA (upper panels) and

GP8-05-KA (lower panels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

3e Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP1-06-KA (upper panels) and

GP2-06-KA (lower panels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

3f Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP3-06-KA (upper panels) and

GP4-06-KA (lower panels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

3g Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP5-06-KA (upper panels) and

GP6-06-RB (lower panels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

3h Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP7-06-KA (upper panels) and

GP8-06-KA (lower panels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

4 Calibrated CTD-bottle oxygen differences plotted against station

number and pressure for cruise GP2-05-KA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

5 GP2-05-KA spring and GP6-05-RB fall potential temperature (

◦C)

sections along 95

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

6 GP2-06-KA spring and GP6-06-RB fall potential temperature (

◦C)

sections along 95

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

7 GP2-05-KA spring and GP6-05-RB fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 95

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

8 GP2-06-KA spring and GP6-06-RB fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 95

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

9 GP2-05-KA spring and GP6-05-RB fall potential density (kg/m

3

)

sections along 95

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

10 GP2-06-KA spring and GP6-06-RB fall potential density (kg/m

3

)

sections along 95

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

11 GP2-05-KA spring and GP2-06-KA spring oxygen (μmol/kg) section

along 95

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

12 GP2-05-KA spring and GP6-05-RB fall potential temperature (

◦C)

sections along 110

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

13 GP2-06-KA spring and GP6-06-RB fall potential temperature (

◦C)

sections along 110

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

14 GP2-05-KA spring and GP6-05-RB fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 110

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

15 GP2-06-KA spring and GP6-06-RB fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 110

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

16 GP2-05-KA spring and GP6-05-RB fall potential density (kg/m

3

)

sections along 110

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

17 GP2-06-KA spring and GP6-06-RB fall potential density (kg/m

3

)

sections along 110

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

18 GP2-05-KA spring and GP2-06-KA spring oxygen (μmol/kg) section

along 110

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

19 GP1-05-KA spring and GP5-05-KA fall potential temperature (

◦C)

sections along 125

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

20 GP1-06-KA winter and GP5-06-KA fall potential temperature (

◦C)

sections along 125

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

21 GP1-05-KA spring and GP5-05-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 125

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Contents v

22 GP1-06-KA winter and GP5-06-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 125◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

23 GP1-05-KA spring and GP5-05-KA fall potential density (kg/m3)

sections along 125◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

24 GP1-06-KA winter and GP5-06-KA fall potential density (kg/m3)

sections along 125◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

25 GP1-06-KA winter oxygen (μmol/kg) section along 125◦W. . . . . . 78

26 GP1-05-KA winter and GP5-05-KA fall potential temperature (◦C)

sections along 140◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

27 GP1-06-KA winter and GP5-06-KA fall potential temperature (◦C)

sections along 140◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

28 GP1-05-KA winter and GP5-05-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 140◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

29 GP1-06-KA winter and GP5-06-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 140◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

30 GP1-05-KA winter and GP5-05-KA fall potential density (kg/m3)

sections along 140◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

31 GP1-06-KA winter and GP5-06-KA fall potential density (kg/m3)

sections along 140◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

32 GP1-06-KA winter oxygen (μmol/kg) section along 140◦W. . . . . . 86

33 GP3-05-KA summer and GP7-05-KA fall potential temperature (◦C)

sections along 155◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

34 GP3-06-KA summer and GP7-06-KA fall potential temperature (◦C)

sections along 155◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

35 GP3-05-KA summer and GP7-05-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 155◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

36 GP3-06-KA summer and GP7-06-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 155◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

37 GP3-05-KA summer and GP7-05-KA fall potential density (kg/m3)

sections along 155◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

38 GP3-06-KA summer and GP7-06-KA fall potential density (kg/m3)

sections along 155◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

39 GP3-06-KA summer oxygen (μmol/kg) section along 155◦W. . . . . 94

40 GP3-05-KA summer and GP7-05-KA fall potential temperature (◦C)

sections along 170◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

41 GP3-06-KA summer and GP7-06-KA fall potential temperature (◦C)

sections along 170◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

42 GP3-05-KA summer and GP7-05-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 170◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

43 GP3-06-KA summer and GP7-06-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 170◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

44 GP3-05-KA summer and GP7-05-KA fall potential density (kg/m3)

sections along 170◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

45 GP3-06-KA summer and GP7-06-KA fall potential density (kg/m3)

sections along 170◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

46 GP3-06-KA summer oxygen (μmol/kg) section along 170◦W. . . . . 102

47 GP4-05-KA summer and GP7-05-KA fall potential temperature (◦C)

sections along 180◦. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

48 GP4-06-KA summer and GP7-06-KA fall potential temperature (◦C)

sections along 180◦. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

49 GP4-05-KA summer and GP7-05-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 180◦. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

50 GP4-06-KA summer and GP7-06-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 180◦. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
vi Contents

51 GP4-05-KA summer and GP7-05-KA fall potential density (kg/m

3

)

sections along 180

◦. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

52 GP4-06-KA summer and GP7-06-KA fall potential density (kg/m

3

)

sections along 180

◦. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

53 GP4-05-KA summer and GP8-05-KA fall potential temperature (

◦C)

sections along 165

◦E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

54 GP4-06-KA summer and GP8-06-KA fall potential temperature (

◦C)

sections along 165

◦E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

55 GP4-05-KA summer and GP8-05-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 165

◦E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

56 GP4-06-KA summer and GP8-06-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 165

◦E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

57 GP4-05-KA summer and GP8-05-KA fall potential density (kg/m

3

)

sections along 165

◦E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

58 GP4-06-KA summer and GP8-06-KA fall potential density (kg/m

3

)

sections along 165

◦E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

59 GP2-05-KA spring (April 23−May 9, 2005) and GP6-05-RB fall (October 31−November 6, 2005) composite θ-S diagrams along 95◦W. . 116

60 GP2-06-KA spring (April 18−25, 2006) and GP6-06-RB fall (November 7−14, 2006) composite θ-S diagrams along 95◦W. . . . . . . . . 117

61 GP2-05-KA spring (April 10−19, 2005) and GP6-05-RB fall (November 14−20, 2005) composite θ-S diagrams along 110◦W. . . . . . . . 118

62 GP2-06-KA spring (April 8−14, 2006) and GP6-06-RB fall (November 18−25, 2006) composite θ-S diagrams along 110◦W. . . . . . . . 119

63 GP1-05-KA spring (March 12−20, 2005) and GP5-05-KA summer

(August 31−September 10, 2005) compositeθ-S diagrams along 125

◦W.120

64 GP1-06-KA winter (January 26−February 4, 2006) and GP5-06-

KA summer (August 26−September 3, 2006) compositeθ-S diagram

along 125

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

65 GP1-05-KA winter (February 23−March 5, 2005) and GP5-05-KA

fall (September 19−28, 2005) compositeθ-S diagrams along 140

◦W. 122

66 GP1-06-KA winter (January 11−19, 2006) and GP5-06-KA fall (September 11−20, 2006) composite θ-S diagrams along 140◦W. . . . . . . . 123

67 GP3-05-KA summer (June 12−20, 2005) and GP7-05-KA fall (October 21−27, 2005) composite θ-S diagrams along 155◦W. . . . . . . 124

68 GP3-06-KA summer (June 2−10, 2006) and GP7-06-KA fall (October 9−17, 2006) composite θ-S diagrams along 155◦W. . . . . . . . . 125

69 GP3-05-KA summer (June 29−July 7, 2005) and GP7-05-KA fall

(November 16−18, 2005) compositeθ-S diagrams along 170

◦W. . . . 126

70 GP3-06-KA summer (June 19−28, 2006) and GP7-06-KA fall (October 21−27, 2006) composite θ-S diagrams along 170◦W. . . . . . . 127

71 GP4-05-KA summer (July 28−August 7, 2005) and GP7-05-KA fall

(November 21−22, 2005) compositeθ-S diagrams along 180

◦. . . . . 128

72 GP4-06-KA summer (July 19−27, 2006) and GP8-06-KA fall (November 16−20, 2006) composite θ-S diagrams along 180◦. . . . . . . . . 129

73 GP4-05-KA summer (July 16−24, 2005) and GP8-05-KA fall (November 27−December 1, 2006) composite θ-S diagrams along 165◦E. . . 130

74 GP4-06-KA summer (July 8−15, 2006) and GP8-06-KA fall (November 5−12, 2006) composite θ-S diagrams along 165◦E. . . . . . . . . 131

75 GP2-05-KA spring compositeθ-O

2 diagrams along 95

◦W (April 23

−May

9, 2005) and 110

◦W (April 10

−19, 2005). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

76 GP2-06-KA spring compositeθ-O

2 diagrams along 95

◦W (April 18

−25,

2006) and 110

◦W (April 8

−14, 2006). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Contents vii

77 GP1-06-KA winter composite θ-O2 diagrams along 125◦W (January

26−February 4, 2006) and 140◦W (January 11−19, 2006). . . . . . . 134

78 GP3-06-KA summer composite θ-O2 diagrams along 155◦W (June

2−10, 2006) and 170◦W (June 19−28, 2006). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

List of Tables

1a GP1-05-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

1b GP2-05-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

1c GP3-05-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

1d GP4-05-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

1e GP5-05-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

1f GP6-05-RB CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

1g GP7-05-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

1h GP8-05-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

1i GP1-06-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

1j GP2-06-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

1k GP3-06-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

1l GP4-06-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

1m GP5-06-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

1n GP6-06-RB CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

1o GP7-06-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

1p GP8-06-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

2 Station groupings for CTD conductivity calibrations. . . . . . . . . . 46

3 Drift and viscous heating corrections for CTD temperature calibration.136

4 Weather condition code used to describe each set of CTD measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

5 Sea state code used to describe each set of CTD measurements . . . 136

6 Visibility code used to describe each set of CTD measurements . . . 137

7 Cloud type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

8 Cloud amount. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 as Part of the

TAO/TRITON Program

K.E. McTaggart and G.C. Johnson

Abstract. During 2005 and 2006, CTD data were collected in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during

cruises to service the TAO/TRITON array, a network of deep ocean moored buoys deployed to support ENSO research and forecasting. Summaries of Sea-Bird CTD measurements and hydrographic

data acquired on 16 cruises are presented. Composite potential temperature-salinity diagrams and

section plots of oceanographic variables along 95◦W, 110◦W, 125◦W, 140◦W, 155◦W, 170◦W, 180◦,

and 165◦E meridians are given. Profiles including station location, meteorological conditions, and

abbreviated CTD data listings are shown for each cast on the report CD. Hydrographic data are

listed for each cruise on the report CD.

1. Introduction

CTD data are collected in the equatorial Pacific Ocean in conjunction with

the maintenance of the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO)/TRITON array.

TAO/TRITON servicing cruises (and the shipboard measurements that are

an integral part of them) provide support for NOAA’s strategic plan element to Implement Seasonal-to-Interannual Climate Forecasts, and support of the International Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR)

program, the El Ni ̃no/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Observing System, the

Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), and the Global Climate Observing

System (GCOS).

The TAO/TRITON array, completed in 1994, consists of approximately

70 deep ocean moorings within 8 degrees of the equator (except 9◦N at

140◦W) spanning the Pacific Basin from 95◦W to 137◦E. Moorings west of

165◦E are maintained by the Japan Agency for Marine Earth Science and

Technology (JAMSTEC). High quality oceanographic and surface meteorological data are recorded and reported in real time using the Argos satellite data telemetry system. These data are used to improve understanding,

modeling, and prediction of the global interannual climate fluctuations associated with the El Ni ̃no-Southern Oscillation phenomena in the tropical

Pacific Ocean.

The primary objective of TAO/TRITON cruises is the recovery and deployment of moorings. Each mooring line is occupied twice a year, once

during the first half of the year, and again approximately 4–7 months later.

CTD station locations vary slightly for each half-yearly occupation during

2005–2006 (Figs. 1a and b). Many CTD stations were skipped during the

second occupation of 170◦W, 180◦, and 165◦E during GP705 and GP805

owing to a failure in the A-frame hydraulics. At a minimum, CTD casts

supporting the TAO/TRITON program are conducted at each mooring site

to a depth of 1000 m. As time allows, additional CTD work is prioritized as

follows: (1) 1000-m casts at 1-degree intervals between 12◦N and 8◦S along

the ship’s trackline, (2) deep casts at mooring sites to a minimum depth of

3000 m or a maximum depth 200 m above the bottom, (3) 1000-m casts

every one-half degree of latitude between 3◦N and 3◦S. Although there is
2 McTaggart and Johnson

only one TAO/TRITON mooring north of 8◦N, CTD profiles are collected

to 12◦N along the ship’s trackline whenever possible to measure across the

North Equatorial Counter Current. Physical underway operations include

shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measurements, sea

surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS) measurements, and routine

weather observations.

CTD measurements are used to verify moored temperature sensor data,

calculate dynamic height, and at many sites, are the only in situ calibrated

observations of the equatorial Pacific salinity field. CTD measurements are

also used to aid in the calibration of moored conductivity sensor data. These

CTD data are quickly processed, calibrated, and distributed internationally

to a wide variety of users: biological, chemical, and physical oceanographers

at universities and government laboratories, including NOAA/NCEP, for

improvement of ENSO predictions. They are also useful for checking Argo

float salinity measurements.

Summaries of CTD measurements and hydrographic data collected on 16

cruises during 2005 and 2006 are presented here. Data include meridional

sections across the equator along 95◦W, 110◦W, 125◦W, 140◦W, 155◦W,

170◦W, 180◦, and 165◦E. The cruise track and CTD station locations are

shown (Figs. 2a–p) for each cruise. CTD station information is summarized

(Tables 1a–p) for each cruise. Cruise name notation is GPx-yy-zz, where x is

the sequential cruise number during each year, yy is the year (05 or 06), and

zz is the ship code (KA for the NOAA ship Ka’imimoana, RB for the NOAA

ship Ronald H. Brown). Sea-Bird 911plus systems are used to acquire CTD

data on all cruises. Pressure, temperature, and conductivity are sampled

at a rate of 24 Hz. A Sea-Bird 43 oxygen sensor was added to the primary

sensor suite during GP205, GP106, GP206, and GP306. Water samples

are collected on the upcast using an electronically fired rosette sampler and

used to calibrate CTD data (see section 6). Water sample salinities are

analyzed using an autosalinometer (see section 4). Water sample oxygen

concentrations during GP205 were measured using the Winkler method as

specified in the WOCE Operations Manual (1994). Water sample oxygen

concentrations were not measured during GP106, GP206, and GP306.

2. Sea-Bird 911plus CTD System

The Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. (SBE) 911plus CTD system is a real-time data

system with the CTD data from the SBE 9plus underwater unit transmitted

via a conducting cable to the SBE 11plus deck unit. The serial data from

the underwater unit are sent to the deck unit in RS-232 NRZ format. The

deck unit decodes the serial data and sends it to a personal computer for

display and storage using Sea-Bird SEASOFT software program SEASAVE.

The SBE 911plus CTD system transmits data from its primary and auxiliary

sensors in the form of binary number equivalents of the frequency or voltage

outputs from those sensors. These are referred to as the raw data. The

calculations required to convert raw data to engineering units are performed
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 3

in the software, either in real time, or after the data has been stored in a

disk file (Seasoft, 1994).

2.1 Conductivity

The flow-through conductivity sensing element is a glass tube (cell) with

three platinum electrodes. The resistance measured between the center electrode and end electrode pair is determined by the cell geometry and the

specific conductance of the fluid within the cell, and controls the output

frequency of a Wien Bridge circuit. The sensor has a frequency output

of approximately 3 to 12 kHz corresponding to conductivity from 0 to 7

Siemens/meter (0 to 70 mmho/cm). The SBE conductivity sensor has a

typical accuracy/stability of ±0.0003 S/m/month, and resolution of 0.00004

S/m at 24 Hz.

Sensor calibrations are performed at Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. in Bellevue, Washington, on a roughly annual basis. Conductivity calibration certificates show an equation containing the appropriate pressure-dependent

correction term to account for the effect of hydrostatic loading (pressure) on

the conductivity cell:

C(S/m) = (g + hf 2 + if 3 + jf 4)/[10(1 + ctcor t + cpcor p)]

where g, h, i, j, ctcor, and cpcor are calibration coefficients, f is the instrument frequency (kHz), t is the water temperature (◦C), and p is the water

pressure (dbar). SEASOFT automatically implements this equation.

2.2 Temperature

The temperature sensing element is a glass-coated thermistor bead, pressureprotected by a stainless steel tube. The sensor output frequency ranges from

approximately 5 to 13 kHz corresponding to temperature from −5 to 35 degrees Celsius. The output frequency is inversely proportional to the square

root of the thermistor resistance which controls the output of a patented

Wien Bridge circuit. The thermistor resistance is exponentially related to

temperature. The SBE thermometer has a typical accuracy/stability of

±0.004◦C per year; and resolution of 0.0003◦C at 24 Hz. The SBE thermometer has a fast response time of 0.070 seconds.

Sensor calibrations are performed at Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. on a

roughly annual basis. Temperature (ITS-90) is computed according to

T(

◦C) = 1/{g + h[ln(f0/f)] + i[ln2(f0/f)] + j[ln3(f0/f)]} − 273.15

where g, h, i, j, and f0 are calibration coefficients, and f is the instrument

frequency (kHz). SEASOFT automatically implements this equation, and

converts between ITS-90 and IPTS-68 temperature scales when selected.

2.3 Pressure

The Paroscientific series 4000 Digiquartz high pressure transducer uses a

quartz crystal resonator whose frequency of oscillation varies with pressureinduced stress measuring changes in pressure as small as 0.01 parts per
4 McTaggart and Johnson

million with an absolute range of 0 to 10,000 psia (0 to 6885 decibars). Also,

a quartz crystal temperature signal is used to compensate for a wide range of

temperature changes. Repeatability, hysteresis, and pressure conformance

are 0.005% FS. The nominal pressure frequency (0 to full scale) is 34 to

38 kHz. The nominal temperature frequency is 172 kHz + 50 ppm/◦C.

Periodic sensor calibrations are performed at Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.

Pressure coefficients are first formulated into

c = c1 + c2U + c3U2

d = d1 + d2U

t0 = t1 + t2U + t3U2 + t4U3 + t5U4

where U is temperature in degrees Celsius. Then pressure is computed according to

P(psia) = c[1 − (t02/t2)]{1 − d[1 − (t02/t2)]}

where t is pressure period (μs). SEASOFT automatically implements this

equation.

2.4 Oxygen

The SBE-43 oxygen sensor uses an electrochemical cell that is constantly

polarized. The sensor is temperature compensated using special temperature

sensing and an internal microcomputer. The interface electronics reports

voltages for oxygen current only. A linear equation of the form I = mV + b,

where m = 1.0e−6 and b = 0.0, yields sensor current as a function of sensor

output voltage. The sensor has a thermal time constant of approximately

2.5 s; and an oxygen response time constant that is temperature dependent,

increasing with cooler temperatures, ranging from 2 to 12 s.

Pre-cruise sensor calibrations are performed at Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.,

providing slope, bias, tcor, and pcor coefficients. SEASOFT computes dissolved oxygen according to Owens and Millard (1985).

3. Data Acquisition

The package enters the water and is held at 10 m for 60 seconds after the

pumps turn on in order to prime the system. The package is brought back

to just beneath the surface and the acquisition program is restarted. Under ideal conditions the package should be lowered at a rate of 30 m/min

to 50 m, 45 m/min to 200 m, and 60 m/min to depth. Ship heave may

cause substantial variation about these mean lowering rates. Cable tension

is monitored at the winch box display. Maximum cast depth is 200 m from

the bottom as reported by the ship’s fathometer.

Nominally eight water samples are collected during the upcast using an

SBE rosette. Four, five, or ten-liter Niskin sample bottles are used depending

on the cruise. Bottle closures are performed through the SEASOFT software.

Digitized data are collected on two PCs simultaneously. Raw data files

are archived on CD-ROM.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 5

4. Salinity Analysis

Bottle salinity analyses are performed in temperature-controlled environments using Guildline Model 8400B inductive autosalinometers equipped

with Ocean Scientific International, Ltd. ACI2000 computer interface and

standardized with IAPSO Standard Seawater. The autosalinometer is standardized before each run and the correction is applied in the software. Ten

scans of data are averaged for each reading. Three readings are taken per

sample and averaged for one sample salinity value. Bottle salinities are compared to preliminary CTD salinities at sea to aid in the identification of

leaking bottles as well as to monitor the CTD conductivity cells’ performance and drift. Their use in calibrating CTD conductivity on shore is

detailed in section 6. The expected precision of the autosalinometer with an

accomplished operator is 0.001 PSS-78, with an accuracy of 0.002.

5. SEASOFT Processing

SEASOFT consists of modular menu-driven routines for acquisition, display, processing, and archiving of oceanographic data acquired with Sea-Bird

equipment and is designed to work with an IBM or compatible personal computer. Raw data are acquired from the instruments and stored unmodified.

The conversion module DATCNV uses instrument configuration and precruise calibration files to create a converted engineering unit data file that

is operated on by all SEASOFT post processing modules. The following

describes each processing module used and notes the specifications in the

reduction of TAO CTD data.

ALIGNCTD advances secondary conductivity relative to temperature by

0.073 s. This is the typical net advance of ducted temperature and conductivity sensors with a 3000-rpm pump. The SBE 11plus deck unit automatically

advances primary conductivity. ROSSUM creates a summary of the bottle

data. Pressure, temperature, and conductivity are averaged over a 2-s interval after the confirm bit in the upcast data stream. WILDEDIT marks

extreme outliers in the data files. The first pass obtains an accurate estimate

of the true standard deviation of the data. The data are read in blocks of 100

scans. Data greater than two standard deviations are flagged. The second

pass computes a standard deviation over the same 100 scans excluding the

flagged values. Values greater than 20 standard deviations are marked bad.

All flagged data are excluded. FILTER performs a low-pass filter on pressure

with a time constant of 0.15 s. In order to produce a zero phase (no time

shift) the filter first runs forward through the file and then runs backwards

through the file. CELLTM uses a recursive filter to remove conductivity

cell thermal mass effects from the measured conductivity. Nominal values

are used for thermal anomaly amplitude (α = 0.03) and the time constant

(1/β = 7.0). LOOPEDIT excludes scans where the minimum velocity of the

package is less than 0.25 m/s or the package has reversed its direction owing

to ship heave. BINAVG averages the data into 1-dbar pressure bins starting

at 1 dbar (no surface bin). The center value of the first bin is set equal to
6 McTaggart and Johnson

the bin size. The bin minimum and maximum values are the center value

plus or minus half the bin size. DERIVE computes selected variables such

as salinity, potential temperature, and potential density.

6. Post-Cruise Calibrations

6.1 Conductivity

PMEL Fortran program SBECAL combines SEASOFT bottle files into one

listing. PMEL Fortran program ADDSAL reads bottle salinity data received

from the ship’s survey personnel and adds it to the combined listing by station/sample number. MATLAB functions CALCOSn are used to determine

the best fit of CTD and bottle data, where n is the order of the stationdependent linear or polynomial fit. CALCOSn recursively throws out data

greater than a specified number of standard deviations (usually 2.8). CALCOSn returns a single conductivity bias and a conductivity slope for each

station. A station-dependent slope coefficient best models the gradual shift

in the conductivity sensor within each station grouping with time. CALCOPn additionally returns a linear pressure term (modified beta) that is

multiplied by CTD pressure and added to conductivity. The order of the

polynomial was chosen to keep the standard deviation of each grouping to a

minimum while avoiding fitting to fluctuations due to noise in standardizations of salinity sample runs.

Conductivity calibration coefficients are determined for each station

grouping (Table 2). Calibrated profiles were compared to historical deep

theta-salinity profiles. For three cruises, GP606, GP706, and GP806, an

additional offset had to be applied to CTD salinity in order to bring the

profiles into agreement with the historical envelope of deep profiles.

PMEL Fortran program CALMSTR applies post-cruise calibrations to

temperature and conductivity, and computes final salinity values. Final

pressure calibrations were pre-cruise. CTD-bottle conductivity differences

(Figs. 3a–h) are used to verify the success of the fit parameters.

6.2 Temperature

Normally, adjustments are made to the bias of the thermistors using a linear

fit of the sensor drift history from calibration data taken over the previous few years, projected to the midpoint of each cruise (Table 3). These

drift corrections are small (order 1×10−3 ◦C). Also, a uniform correction

was applied to all sensors for heating of the thermistor owing to viscous effects (Table 3). Thermistors are biased high by this effect and were adjusted

down by 0.6×10−3 ◦C. This results in errors of no more than ± 0.15×10−3 ◦C

from this effect for the full range of oceanographic temperature and salinity.

6.3 Oxygen

Significant hysteresis between the down and up oxygen profiles at deep

stations warranted using the downcast oxygen data for calibration. Pri-
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 7

mary sensor data were extracted from the .BTL files using SBECAL1K.f for

GP205. Sample salinities were matched to CTD records by station/sample

number using ADDSALK.f. Sample oxygen data were matched to CTD

records by station/sample number using ADDOXYK.f.

Upcast bottle data were matched to downcast profile data by sigma-2

using MATCH SG2 313K.m. RUN OXYGEN CAL 1.m was used to determine a least squares fit with a linear station dependent slope. Final

coefficients stored in FINAL.mat and applied to oxygen sensor S/N 313

were slopes ranging from 0.4583 to 0.5069, bias = −0.5543, lag = 4.6 s,

tcor = 0.0054, pcor = 0.0001, and weight = 0. 99% of the 67 data points

were used in the fit with a standard deviation of 1.7 μmol/kg. Calibrated

up/down profiles with bottles overplotted were examined to verify the fit

using PLOT OX.m. Although the upcast and downcast oxygen traces were

separated by as much as 20 dbar, the lag seemed appropriate with few instances of over- or undershooting in oxygen, even in high gradient regions.

For casts 0011–0141, the air-bleed hole in the y-piece of the primary plumbing was clogged so oxygens in the top 60 dbar were replaced with upcast

oxygens using FIX OX.m.

A SBE-43 oxygen sensor was provided by Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute for GP106, GP206, and GP306. However, no Winkler titrations were done on these cruises. Oxygen data were processed using precruise Sea-Bird calibrations only. The lag was set to zero.

CTD-bottle oxygen differences for GP205 are plotted against station

number and pressure to show the stability of the calibrated CTD oxygens

relative to the bottle oxygens (Fig. 4).

7. Additional Processing

SEASOFT processing modules are followed by PMEL Fortran program

CNV EPS. CNV EPS applies post-cruise calibrations to conductivity and

converts the 1-dbar averaged CTD data to NetCDF format. CNV EPS creates a WOCE quality flag associated with each record of pressure, temperature, and CTD salinity. Quality flag definitions can be found in the WOCE

Operations Manual (1994). CNV EPS skips bad records near the surface

and also any records flagged bad by SEASOFT. Measured data are copied

back to 0 dbar and gaps are linearly interpolated such that a record exits

every 1 dbar. WOCE flags are amended to reflect these changes. CNV EPS

calculates ITS-90 temperature and salinity (PSS-78), as well as potential

temperature (IPTS-68), sigma-t, and sigma-theta using the 1980 equation of

state algorithms described by Fofonoff and Millard (1983). Dynamic height

in dynamic meters is calculated by integrating down from the sea surface.

PMEL Fortran program CLB EPS creates individual bottle files in

NetCDF format for each cast.

When oxygen data are present, CALCTD K.m applies all post-cruise

corrections and calibrations to the profile data, and CNV EPSO.f converts

it into NetCDF format. Likewise for bottle data, CALCLO K.m applies the
8 McTaggart and Johnson

calibrations to the discrete data, and CLB EPSO.f converts it into NetCDF

format.

8. Data Presentation and Access

The majority of plots in this report were produced using Plot Plus Scientific

Graphics System (Denbo, 1992). Vertical-meridional sections of potential

temperature, salinity, and sigma-theta are plotted for each meridian (Figs. 5–

58). Oxygen sections are also included for 95◦W and 110◦W from GP205 and

GP206, 125◦W and 140◦W from GP106, and 155◦W and 170◦W from GP306.

Composite potential temperature-salinity (θ-S) diagrams for each meridian

are presented (Figs. 59–74), as are composite potential temperature-oxygen

(θ-O2) diagrams for each meridian of GP205, GP106, GP206, and GP306

(Figs. 75–78). Tables 4–8 define the abbreviations and units used in the

CTD data summary listings that are presented alongside 0−1000 m profiles

of each cast for each cruise on the report CD. Hydrographic bottle data at

discrete depths are also given for each cruise on the report CD.

These and previous TAO/TRITON data are available via the World

Wide Web at www.epic.noaa.gov/epic/ewb/ using EPIC. EPIC is a set of

programs developed at PMEL to manage large numbers of hydrographic and

time series oceanographic in situ data sets collected as part of NOAA climate

study programs. The EPIC Web Browser is a Web application that provides

interactive on-line data access to EPIC hydrographic data sets. Multiple

data file formats include netCDF data format, Classic EPIC format, and

formatted ASCII data format. Users select data by specifying data type,

latitude, longitude, and time range. The EPIC system contains a full suite

of routines to provide graphical display, data analysis, and calculation of

oceanographic parameters.

9. Acknowledgments

The assistance of the officers, crew, and scientific parties of the NOAA ships

Ka’imimoana and Ronald H. Brown are gratefully acknowledged. Oxygen titration data were submitted by Eric Gehrie of University of Chicago. This research

was supported by the NOAA Office of Global Programs.

10. References

Denbo, D.W. (1992): PPLUS Graphics, P.O. Box 4, Sequim, WA, 98382.

Fofonoff, N.P., and R.C. Millard (1983): Algorithms for computation of fundamental

properties of seawater. UNESCO Report No. 44, 15–24.

Lynch, J.M., L.J. Mangum, and S.P. Hayes (1988): CTD/O2 measurements during

1986 as part of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS). NOAA

Data Report ERL-PMEL-24 (PB89-102859), 261 pp.

Mangum, L.J., N.N. Soreide, B.D. Davies, B.D. Spell, and S.P. Hayes (1980):

CTD/O2 measurements during the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Study

(EPOCS) in 1979. NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-1 (PB81-211203), 645 pp.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006

9

Mangum, L.J., and S. P. Hayes (1983): CTD/O

2 measurements during 1980 and

1981 as part of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS). NOAA

Data Report ERL PMEL-9 (PB81-211203), 621 pp.

Mangum, L.J., and S.P. Hayes (1985): CTD/O

2 measurements during 1982 and

1983 as part of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS). NOAA

Data Report ERL PMEL-13 (PB85-239648/XAB), 421 pp.

Mangum, L.J., J.M. Lynch, and S.P. Hayes (1987): CTD/O

2 measurements during 1984 and 1985 as part of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies

(EPOCS). NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-18 (PB88-102082), 341 pp.

Mangum, L.J., J.M. Lynch, K.E. McTaggart, L. Stratton, and S.P. Hayes (1991):

CTD/O

2 measurements collected on TEW (Transport of Equatorial Waters)

June–August 1987. NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-33 (PB91-224527), 375 pp.

Mangum, L., J. Lynch, L. Stratton, and K. McTaggart (1993): CTD/O

2 measurements during 1987 and 1988 as part of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate

Studies (EPOCS). NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-46 (PB94-109915), 621 pp.

McTaggart, K., L. Stratton, and L. Mangum (1993): CTD/O

2 measurements during 1989 and 1990 as part of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies

(EPOCS). NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-47 (PB94-103249), 466 pp.

McTaggart, K., D. Wilson, and L. Mangum (1993): CTD measurements collected

on a Climate and Global Change cruise along 170

◦W during February–April

1990. NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-44 (PB93-226041), 265 pp.

McTaggart, K., and L. Mangum (1994): CTD/O

2 measurements during 1991 and

1992 as part of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS). NOAA

Data Report ERL PMEL-50 (PB94-219003), 742 pp.

McTaggart, K.E., M.K. O’Haleck, G.C. Johnson, and L.J. Mangum (1996):

CTD measurements during 1993 and 1994 as part of the Equatorial Pacific

Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS). NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-60 (PB97-

137418/PB97-137426) (2 volumes), 976 pp.

McTaggart, K.E., M.K. O’Haleck, G.C. Johnson, and L.J. Mangum (1997): CTD

measurements during 1995 and 1996 as part of the Global Ocean-AtmosphereLand System (GOALS) Pan American Climate Studies (PACS). NOAA Data

Report ERL PMEL-62 (PB98-109390INZ), 637 pp.

McTaggart, K E., and G.C. Johnson (1999): CTD measurements during 1997

and 1998 as part of the Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (GOALS) Pan

American Climate Studies (PACS). NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-66 (PB99-

146128/146110) (2 volumes), 770 pp.

McTaggart, K.E., G.J. Johnson, C.I. Fleurant, and M.O. Baringer (1999): CTD/O

2

measurements collected on a Climate and Global Change cruise along 24

◦

N

in the Atlantic Ocean (WOCE section AR01) during January–February 1998.

NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-68 (PB99-155194), 358 pp.

McTaggart, K.E., and G.J. Johnson (2001): CTD measurements collected during

1999 and 2000 as part of the Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (GOALS)

Pan American Climate Studies (PACS). NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-69

(two volumes, PB2001-107620/107621), 1054 pp.

McTaggart, K.E. and G.C. Johnson (2003): CTD measurements during 2001 and

2002 as part of the TAO/TRITON program. NOAA Data Report, OAR PMEL70 (NTIS PB2004-100845), 123 pp. plus CD-ROM.

McTaggart, K.E., and G.C. Johnson (2005): CTD measurements during 2003 and

2004 as part of the TAO/TRITON Program. NOAA Data Report OAR PMEL71 (NTIS PB2005-102748), 141 pp. plus CD-ROM.

Owens, W.B., and R.C. Millard Jr. (1985): A new algorithm for CTD oxygen

calibration. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15, 621–631.

Press, W., B. Flannery, S. Teukolsky, and W. Vetterling (1986): Numerical Recipes:

The Art of Scientific Computing. Cambridge University Press, 818 pp.
10 McTaggart and Johnson

Seasoft CTD Acquisition Software Manual (1994): Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., 1808

136th Place NE, Bellevue, Washington, 98005.

WOCE Operations Manual (1994): Volume 3: The Observational Programme, Section 3.1: WOCE Hydrographic Programme, Part 3.1.2: Requirements for WHP

Data Reporting. WHP Office Report 90-1, WOCE Report No. 67/91, Woods

Hole, MA, 02543.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 11

FIGURES AND TABLES
12 McTaggart and Johnson

2005 CTD Station Locations

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20oN 

 30o

N 

Figure 1a: 2005 CTD station locations for the first half of the year (upper panel) and the second half of

the year (lower panel).
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 13

2006 CTD Station Locations

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20oN 

 30o

N 

Figure 1b: 2006 CTD station locations for the first half of the year (upper panel) and the second half of

the year (lower panel).
14 McTaggart and Johnson

GP1−05−KA (Feb 18 − Mar 25) Honolulu, HI − San Diego, CA

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20oN 

 30o

N 

Figure 2a: GP1-05-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 15

Table 1a: GP1-05-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 12◦ 1.1N 144◦ 44.2W 23 Feb 05 751 88 15 5617 1001

21 11◦ 0.3

N 143◦ 13.8W 23 Feb 05 2019 93 18 5158 1000

31 10◦ 0.8

N 141◦ 44.0W 24 Feb 05 850 73 18 4978 1001

41 9◦ 1.3

N 140◦ 14.8W 25 Feb 05 644 54 17 4811 4604

51 8◦ 0.2

N 140◦ 11.0W 25 Feb 05 1612 47 20 5131 1006

61 7◦ 0.9

N 140◦ 6.5W 25 Feb 05 2315 54 20 4977 1002

71 6◦ 1.6

N 140◦ 1.4W 26 Feb 05 646 77 13 4751 1009

81 5◦ 2.2

N 139◦ 57.3W 26 Feb 05 1415 117 11 4481 1002

91 4◦ 0.5

N 139◦ 58.3W 27 Feb 05 1036 128 15 4315 1000

101 3◦ 0.4

N 140◦ 1.3W 27 Feb 05 1956 116 17 4305 1000

111 2◦ 30.3

N 140◦ 1.2W 28 Feb 05 40 105 21 4390 1002

121 2◦ 2.8

N 140◦ 0.7W 28 Feb 05 546 122 21 4402 4201

131 1◦ 30.5

N 140◦ 0.0W 1 Mar 05 52 91 18 4443 1003

141 1◦ 0.3

N 139◦ 56.7W 1 Mar 05 449 105 19 4324 1001

151 0◦ 30.9

N 139◦ 53.8W 1 Mar 05 856 101 18 4349 1002

161 0◦ 2.7

N 139◦ 50.7W 1 Mar 05 1345 84 17 4305 4101

171 0◦ 29.6

S 139◦ 52.9W 2 Mar 05 754 99 12 4255 1001

181 0◦ 59.7

S 139◦ 54.6W 2 Mar 05 1205 96 17 4206 1002

191 1◦ 29.7

S 139◦ 56.2W 2 Mar 05 1621 60 16 4348 1003

201 2◦ 0.8

S 139◦ 58.3W 3 Mar 05 252 74 15 4318 1005

211 2◦ 29.5

S 139◦ 56.6W 3 Mar 05 726 73 13 4397 1001

221 2◦ 59.7

S 139◦ 56.0W 3 Mar 05 1140 73 14 4283 1003

231 3◦ 59.2

S 139◦ 55.7W 3 Mar 05 1907 64 11 4509 1001

241 4◦ 57.2

S 139◦ 53.9W 4 Mar 05 1222 109 15 4324 3449

242 4◦ 58.6

S 139◦ 55.9W 5 Mar 05 27 79 9 4296 1001

251 5◦ 59.3

S 139◦ 55.2W 5 Mar 05 815 68 11 4149 1001

261 6◦ 59.5

S 139◦ 59.7W 5 Mar 05 1623 46 13 4190 4002

271 7◦ 57.0

S 124◦ 58.1W 12 Mar 05 1259 100 14 4492 4206

281 7◦ 1.2

S 124◦ 58.0W 12 Mar 05 2204 100 15 4664 1002

291 5◦ 59.7

S 124◦ 58.0W 13 Mar 05 549 115 10 4636 1001

301 4◦ 59.6

S 124◦ 55.9W 13 Mar 05 1329 124 10 4536 1002

311 3◦ 59.7

S 124◦ 57.2W 14 Mar 05 533 122 6 4475 1000

321 2◦ 59.3

S 124◦ 58.7W 14 Mar 05 1145 119 12 4727 1001

331 2◦ 29.6

S 124◦ 59.1W 14 Mar 05 1526 143 14 4580 1001

341 1◦ 59.6

S 124◦ 49.5W 15 Mar 05 621 148 7 4592 4400

351 1◦ 29.6

S 124◦ 40.9W 15 Mar 05 1134 127 6 4632 1000

361 0◦ 59.8

S 124◦ 34.1W 15 Mar 05 1519 115 1 4741 1003

371 0◦ 29.8

S 124◦ 27.0W 15 Mar 05 1918 187 5 4552 1001

381 0◦ 8.8

S 124◦ 21.3W 16 Mar 05 412 145 8 4774 4401

391 0◦ 30.1

N 124◦ 35.6W 16 Mar 05 1000 201 6 4435 1004

401 1◦ 0.6

N 124◦ 45.8W 16 Mar 05 1335 176 1 4263 1002

411 1◦ 30.8

N 124◦ 55.8W 16 Mar 05 1716 205 3 4629 1003

421 1◦ 59.7

N 125◦ 5.5W 17 Mar 05 505 274 1 4707 1001

431 2◦ 30.5

N 125◦ 2.3W 17 Mar 05 933 148 2 4616 1002

441 3◦ 0.4

N 125◦ 0.4W 17 Mar 05 1258 105 1 4436 1001

451 4◦ 0.4

N 124◦ 56.4W 17 Mar 05 1915 34 12 4514 1010

461 5◦ 9.3

N 124◦ 53.1W 18 Mar 05 251 66 11 4419 1001

471 6◦ 0.2

N 124◦ 55.6W 18 Mar 05 817 56 11 4391 1002

481 7◦ 0.2

N 124◦ 58.0W 18 Mar 05 1438 36 13 4671 1001

491 8◦ 4.9

N 125◦ 1.0W 18 Mar 05 2325 84 15 4583 4401

501 9◦ 0.3

N 124◦ 44.8W 19 Mar 05 700 56 16 4607 1004

511 10◦ 0.1

N 124◦ 27.9W 19 Mar 05 1336 33 17 4640 1002

521 11◦ 0.2

N 124◦ 12.0W 19 Mar 05 2020 43 18 4611 1002

531 12◦ 0.2

N 123◦ 54.1W 20 Mar 05 322 75 9 4546 1000
16 McTaggart and Johnson

GP2−05−KA (Apr 5 − May 11) San Diego, CA − Manzanillo, Mexico

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20oN 

 30o

N 

Figure 2b: GP2-05-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 17

Table 1b: GP2-05-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 12◦ 0.2N 111◦ 20.7W 10 Apr 05 1457 15 13 4175 1003

21 11◦ 0.2

N 111◦ 1.8W 10 Apr 05 2243 20 3 3342 1001

31 10◦ 0.4

N 110◦ 44.5W 11 Apr 05 524 34 16 3731 1008

41 8◦ 59.9

N 110◦ 26.7W 11 Apr 05 1148 29 14 3741 1001

51 8◦ 2.3

N 110◦ 10.0W 12 Apr 05 117 53 11 4219 402

52 7◦ 56.7

N 110◦ 14.9W 12 Apr 05 518 47 19 4126 3703

61 7◦ 0.5

N 110◦ 11.4W 12 Apr 05 1329 59 14 3781 1003

71 6◦ 0.1

N 110◦ 6.2W 12 Apr 05 2129 307 1 3863 1002

81 5◦ 9.2

N 110◦ 2.5W 13 Apr 05 513 157 3 3950 3603

91 4◦ 0.4

N 110◦ 4.2W 14 Apr 05 447 122 4 3878 1003

101 3◦ 0.3

N 110◦ 6.4W 14 Apr 05 1124 81 3 3885 1001

111 2◦ 30.0

N 110◦ 7.1W 14 Apr 05 1530 136 8 3784 1004

121 2◦ 3.7

N 110◦ 2.7W 15 Apr 05 320 134 10 3722 1003

131 1◦ 30.1

N 109◦ 59.1W 15 Apr 05 835 131 8 3762 1010

141 1◦ 0.2

N 109◦ 55.4W 15 Apr 05 1253 170 10 3787 1002

151 0◦ 30.6

N 109◦ 51.7W 15 Apr 05 1720 128 5 3800 1002

161 0◦ 2.2

N 109◦ 54.5W 16 Apr 05 146 128 6 3790 402

162 0◦ 2.0

N 109◦ 53.9W 16 Apr 05 540 124 7 3765 3504

171 0◦ 30.0

S 109◦ 55.5W 17 Apr 05 210 136 9 3843 1002

181 0◦ 59.8

S 109◦ 54.8W 17 Apr 05 615 152 9 3772 1002

191 1◦ 58.4

S 109◦ 57.7W 18 Apr 05 111 139 7 3927 1002

201 2◦ 59.8

S 109◦ 58.7W 18 Apr 05 748 123 12 3873 1001

211 3◦ 59.9

S 109◦ 59.0W 18 Apr 05 1416 118 12 3714 1002

221 4◦ 58.7

S 109◦ 59.1W 18 Apr 05 2111 149 16 3611 1001

231 5◦ 59.7

S 110◦ 0.9W 19 Apr 05 418 156 11 3307 1002

241 6◦ 59.9

S 110◦ 2.2W 19 Apr 05 1057 145 15 3539 1003

251 7◦ 59.1

S 110◦ 2.7W 19 Apr 05 1814 158 9 3395 3004

261 7◦ 58.8

S 95◦ 14.7W 23 Apr 05 756 131 11 3960 401

262 7◦ 59.6

S 95◦ 13.4W 23 Apr 05 1129 150 6 3872 3701

271 7◦ 0.0

S 95◦ 11.2W 23 Apr 05 2138 142 11 3921 1001

281 5◦ 59.8

S 95◦ 7.7W 24 Apr 05 443 137 8 3872 1004

291 5◦ 2.9

S 95◦ 3.8W 24 Apr 05 1149 238 10 3848 1001

301 3◦ 59.7

S 95◦ 6.4W 25 Apr 05 445 338 8 3568 1002

311 3◦ 0.1

S 95◦ 8.3W 25 Apr 05 1216 28 2 3437 1002

321 2◦ 30.2

S 95◦ 9.4W 25 Apr 05 1632 55 5 3403 1002

331 1◦ 0.4

S 94◦ 59.9W 26 Apr 05 758 134 7 3299 422

332 1◦ 0.2

S 95◦ 0.0W 26 Apr 05 1036 132 7 3308 1003

341 1◦ 29.8

S 95◦ 4.7W 26 Apr 05 1440 129 7 3372 1001

351 1◦ 59.7

S 95◦ 10.9W 26 Apr 05 2133 120 10 3432 1001

361 0◦ 30.4

S 93◦ 29.1W 3 May 05 1025 130 3 3268 1007

371 0◦ 0.7

N 94◦ 59.6W 3 May 05 2055 117 8 3306 3002

381 0◦ 30.0

N 95◦ 5.7W 4 May 05 159 158 3 3280 1002

391 0◦ 59.8

N 95◦ 11.5W 4 May 05 610 161 12 3005 1001

401 1◦ 30.0

N 95◦ 17.0W 4 May 05 1036 155 7 2550 1001

411 2◦ 0.2

N 95◦ 17.8W 4 May 05 2316 140 6 2941 1002

421 2◦ 29.1

N 95◦ 14.9W 5 May 05 411 167 14 2395 1001

431 2◦ 59.7

N 95◦ 12.3W 5 May 05 843 139 6 2755 1002

441 3◦ 59.4

N 95◦ 5.4W 5 May 05 1634 150 9 3344 1005

451 5◦ 59.8

N 94◦ 55.5W 6 May 05 918 323 4 3204 1003

461 6◦ 59.8

N 94◦ 51.0W 6 May 05 1616 154 7 3770 1001

471 8◦ 3.4

N 94◦ 54.6W 7 May 05 545 124 12 3653 3428

481 10◦ 27.3

N 97◦ 1.8W 8 May 05 1524 72 7 4049 1004

491 12◦ 50.3

N 99◦ 8.1W 9 May 05 1151 3 6 3420 1002
18 McTaggart and Johnson

GP3−05−KA (Jun 9 − Jul 12) Honolulu, HI − Kwajalein, Marshall Islands

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20oN 

 30o

N 

Figure 2c: GP3-05-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 19

Table 1c: GP3-05-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 12◦ 0.4N 155◦ 52.0W 12 Jun 05 1128 68 22 5191 1005

21 11◦ 0.4

N 155◦ 39.8W 12 Jun 05 1833 63 21 5192 1001

31 10◦ 0.7

N 155◦ 26.8W 13 Jun 05 152 91 21 5311 1011

41 9◦ 0.4

N 155◦ 14.4W 13 Jun 05 857 93 18 3276 1003

51 7◦ 58.3

N 155◦ 1.4W 13 Jun 05 1704 80 20 5187 4002

61 7◦ 0.1

N 154◦ 58.9W 14 Jun 05 143 27 4 5162 1003

71 6◦ 0.5

N 154◦ 57.6W 14 Jun 05 832 84 14 4828 1001

81 5◦ 0.8

N 154◦ 55.7W 14 Jun 05 1522 60 14 4591 1001

91 4◦ 0.6

N 154◦ 56.0W 15 Jun 05 753 137 16 4692 1001

101 3◦ 0.2

N 154◦ 56.7W 15 Jun 05 1453 134 12 4798 1001

111 2◦ 30.6

N 154◦ 57.0W 15 Jun 05 1916 131 17 4832 1002

121 2◦ 0.9

N 154◦ 56.8W 15 Jun 05 2351 95 4 4696 1003

131 1◦ 30.7

N 154◦ 58.0W 16 Jun 05 405 129 17 4647 1002

141 1◦ 0.6

N 154◦ 58.1W 16 Jun 05 805 120 19 4750 1001

151 0◦ 2.4

N 154◦ 58.6W 16 Jun 05 1545 86 15 4635 3515

161 0◦ 29.5

S 154◦ 59.1W 17 Jun 05 657 94 13 4881 1002

171 0◦ 59.2

S 154◦ 58.4W 17 Jun 05 1102 88 5 4761 1003

181 1◦ 29.9

S 154◦ 58.2W 17 Jun 05 1519 123 15 4878 1003

191 1◦ 59.0

S 154◦ 57.8W 17 Jun 05 1923 104 15 4983 1002

201 2◦ 29.4

S 154◦ 59.0W 17 Jun 05 2330 119 16 4998 1002

211 2◦ 59.9

S 155◦ 0.2W 18 Jun 05 317 86 13 4962 1001

221 3◦ 59.6

S 155◦ 2.7W 18 Jun 05 940 74 9 2657 1003

231 4◦ 58.6

S 154◦ 59.0W 18 Jun 05 1606 131 4 5026 1000

241 5◦ 59.8

S 154◦ 59.2W 19 Jun 05 745 136 8 4904 1002

251 7◦ 0.0

S 154◦ 59.7W 19 Jun 05 1421 148 17 5130 1002

261 8◦ 13.8

S 154◦ 58.7W 20 Jun 05 833 123 25 5325 5104

271 7◦ 56.5

S 169◦ 59.9W 29 Jun 05 1529 71 9 5344 5001

281 6◦ 59.9

S 170◦ 0.9W 30 Jun 05 44 62 9 4718 1003

291 6◦ 0.0

S 170◦ 0.7W 30 Jun 05 818 89 13 4796 1002

301 4◦ 59.0

S 170◦ 0.0W 30 Jun 05 1602 88 10 5397 1002

311 4◦ 0.0

S 170◦ 0.7W 1 Jul 05 916 120 6 5729 1002

321 2◦ 59.8

S 170◦ 1.2W 1 Jul 05 1555 213 1 5035 1003

331 2◦ 30.1

S 170◦ 1.0W 1 Jul 05 1939 319 7 5513 1001

341 2◦ 9.5

S 170◦ 1.8W 2 Jul 05 657 99 6 4936 1003

351 1◦ 30.0

S 169◦ 56.2W 2 Jul 05 1155 145 2 5207 1003

361 0◦ 59.8

S 169◦ 52.0W 2 Jul 05 1529 168 3 5705 1003

371 0◦ 30.0

S 169◦ 47.8W 2 Jul 05 1916 160 2 5605 1002

381 0◦ 2.7

S 170◦ 4.5W 3 Jul 05 1225 163 0 5605 5201

391 0◦ 29.9

N 170◦ 1.7W 4 Jul 05 754 153 16 5433 1001

401 1◦ 0.3

N 170◦ 0.6W 4 Jul 05 1137 153 13 5450 1002

411 1◦ 30.2

N 170◦ 0.0W 4 Jul 05 1527 143 14 5527 1025

421 2◦ 1.9

N 169◦ 59.7W 4 Jul 05 1946 133 8 5391 1002

431 2◦ 29.9

N 169◦ 59.2W 4 Jul 05 2316 134 7 5352 1001

441 2◦ 59.9

N 170◦ 0.2W 5 Jul 05 244 104 6 5475 1002

451 4◦ 0.1

N 169◦ 59.6W 5 Jul 05 941 90 2 5745 1006

461 4◦ 58.7

N 169◦ 59.5W 5 Jul 05 1646 41 5 5900 1002

471 6◦ 0.6

N 170◦ 1.0W 6 Jul 05 1030 80 27 5650 973

481 7◦ 0.2

N 170◦ 2.7W 6 Jul 05 1834 65 14 6008 1003

491 8◦ 1.0

N 170◦ 4.9W 7 Jul 05 419 64 21 5538 3009

501 8◦ 1.3

N 179◦ 54.2W 9 Jul 05 1530 109 16 5939 5003
20 McTaggart and Johnson

GP4−05−KA (Jul 15 − Aug 12) Kwajalein, Marshall Islands − Honolulu, HI

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20oN 

 30o

N 

Figure 2d: GP4-05-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 21

Table 1d: GP4-05-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 8◦ 2.7N 165◦ 5.6E 16 Jul 05 2128 105 9 5213 4003

21 7◦ 0.3

N 165◦ 3.6E 17 Jul 05 1408 57 10 5157 1004

31 6◦ 0.2

N 165◦ 2.7E 17 Jul 05 2058 59 6 5008 1003

41 5◦ 1.5

N 165◦ 0.8E 18 Jul 05 344 26 6 4774 1004

51 3◦ 59.8

N 165◦ 0.2E 18 Jul 05 1051 305 1 4493 1002

61 2◦ 59.8

N 164◦ 59.4E 18 Jul 05 1730 338 7 4230 1001

71 2◦ 30.4

N 164◦ 59.8E 18 Jul 05 2121 199 9 4119 1002

81 2◦ 0.2

N 164◦ 58.1E 19 Jul 05 809 40 9 4172 1002

91 1◦ 30.4

N 165◦ 0.8E 19 Jul 05 1308 107 8 4257 1000

101 1◦ 0.2

N 165◦ 1.4E 19 Jul 05 1705 100 8 4330 1002

111 0◦ 30.5

N 165◦ 2.0E 19 Jul 05 2058 79 7 4364 1003

121 0◦ 2.4

N 165◦ 2.7E 20 Jul 05 724 100 12 4409 4202

131 0◦ 29.8

S 165◦ 0.6E 21 Jul 05 520 118 2 4408 1001

141 0◦ 59.5

S 165◦ 0.4E 21 Jul 05 944 50 4 4429 1003

151 1◦ 29.3

S 165◦ 0.0E 21 Jul 05 1423 70 5 4455 1003

161 1◦ 56.8

S 165◦ 0.4E 21 Jul 05 1833 39 5 4465 1002

171 2◦ 29.3

S 165◦ 0.8E 22 Jul 05 111 94 2 2572 1005

181 2◦ 59.8

S 165◦ 1.6E 22 Jul 05 513 81 3 4172 1002

191 3◦ 59.4

S 165◦ 5.8E 22 Jul 05 1202 82 3 3374 1001

201 5◦ 0.4

S 165◦ 12.0E 22 Jul 05 1908 38 1 2501 1002

211 5◦ 59.3

S 165◦ 2.4E 23 Jul 05 843 92 4 3585 1000

221 6◦ 59.6

S 164◦ 54.2E 23 Jul 05 1552 64 4 3714 1002

231 8◦ 2.2

S 164◦ 47.9E 24 Jul 05 823 37 8 3893 3701

241 7◦ 58.2

S 179◦ 49.6W 28 Jul 05 820 142 13 5536 5003

251 6◦ 59.8

S 179◦ 51.5W 29 Jul 05 548 138 16 5271 1002

261 5◦ 59.8

S 179◦ 53.1W 29 Jul 05 1218 110 13 5079 1004

271 4◦ 58.2

S 179◦ 53.9W 29 Jul 05 1903 130 12 5643 1002

281 3◦ 59.8

S 179◦ 54.1W 31 Jul 05 623 90 11 5924 1001

291 3◦ 0.0

S 179◦ 53.9W 31 Jul 05 1255 70 12 5396 1010

301 2◦ 29.9

S 179◦ 53.4W 31 Jul 05 1652 86 15 5421 1001

311 1◦ 59.0

S 179◦ 52.7W 31 Jul 05 2054 76 14 5353 1004

321 1◦ 30.0

S 179◦ 53.8W 1 Aug 05 117 95 14 5228 1008

331 0◦ 59.7

S 179◦ 54.2W 1 Aug 05 532 85 12 5354 1004

341 0◦ 30.0

S 179◦ 54.5W 1 Aug 05 947 87 13 4705 1004

351 0◦ 1.3

N 179◦ 56.3W 1 Aug 05 1515 104 7 4193 5001

361 0◦ 30.2

N 179◦ 53.3W 2 Aug 05 904 90 12 5693 1003

371 1◦ 0.0

N 179◦ 50.5W 2 Aug 05 1251 94 13 5744 1004

381 1◦ 30.1

N 179◦ 49.0W 2 Aug 05 1641 98 14 5558 1002

391 2◦ 1.8

N 179◦ 50.8W 3 Aug 05 458 117 11 4532 1002

401 2◦ 30.4

N 179◦ 48.4W 3 Aug 05 905 115 11 5288 1002

411 3◦ 0.3

N 179◦ 48.2W 3 Aug 05 1243 143 17 5644 1000

421 4◦ 0.3

N 179◦ 51.5W 3 Aug 05 1902 360 2 5727 1002

431 5◦ 0.4

N 179◦ 52.9W 4 Aug 05 204 128 2 5657 1001

441 5◦ 59.8

N 179◦ 54.1W 4 Aug 05 825 24 5 5419 1004

451 7◦ 0.2

N 179◦ 54.2W 4 Aug 05 1503 88 6 5752 1003

461 8◦ 1.6

N 179◦ 51.7W 5 Aug 05 751 90 10 5905 5503

471 9◦ 0.4

N 178◦ 22.8W 5 Aug 05 2057 82 13 5908 1002

481 10◦ 0.4

N 176◦ 53.3W 6 Aug 05 847 87 20 6033 1002

491 11◦ 0.4

N 175◦ 21.7W 6 Aug 05 2103 58 13 5427 1003

501 12◦ 0.4

N 173◦ 49.4W 7 Aug 05 924 69 17 5555 1004
22 McTaggart and Johnson

GP5−05−KA (Aug 25 − Oct 2) Honolulu, HI − Honolulu, HI

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20oN 

 30o

N 

Figure 2e: GP5-05-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 23

Table 1e: GP5-05-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 12◦ 0.1N 136◦ 9.4W 31 Aug 05 1516 147 2 4990 1001

21 11◦ 0.1

N 133◦ 17.1W 1 Sep 05 859 120 5 4933 1002

31 9◦ 59.4

N 130◦ 28.0W 2 Sep 05 226 4 2 4842 1002

41 8◦ 59.6

N 127◦ 42.6W 2 Sep 05 1919 36 2 4650 1004

51 8◦ 1.1

N 124◦ 58.6W 3 Sep 05 1317 192 11 4329 4204

61 7◦ 0.2

N 124◦ 56.5W 4 Sep 05 748 202 16 4555 1005

71 6◦ 0.5

N 124◦ 54.0W 4 Sep 05 1526 172 16 4422 1001

81 5◦ 9.4

N 124◦ 51.7W 5 Sep 05 519 164 20 4399 1001

91 3◦ 59.2

N 125◦ 3.0W 5 Sep 05 1528 150 13 4452 1003

101 3◦ 0.2

N 125◦ 5.0W 5 Sep 05 2347 132 18 4487 1002

111 2◦ 30.5

N 125◦ 5.8W 6 Sep 05 427 123 20 4356 1003

121 2◦ 0.6

N 125◦ 6.3W 6 Sep 05 912 130 16 4176 1002

131 1◦ 30.3

N 124◦ 56.7W 6 Sep 05 1436 119 15 4665 1002

141 1◦ 0.5

N 124◦ 46.6W 6 Sep 05 1921 106 15 4633 1003

151 0◦ 30.2

N 124◦ 36.2W 7 Sep 05 26 111 14 2586 1003

161 0◦ 12.4

S 124◦ 21.2W 7 Sep 05 805 78 5 4669 4105

171 0◦ 29.9

S 124◦ 25.8W 7 Sep 05 1229 71 12 4569 1004

181 0◦ 59.7

S 124◦ 34.9W 7 Sep 05 1657 73 7 3974 1002

191 1◦ 29.5

S 124◦ 44.0W 7 Sep 05 2155 69 12 4569 1002

201 2◦ 1.0

S 124◦ 54.0W 8 Sep 05 325 85 13 4751 1004

211 2◦ 29.5

S 124◦ 54.4W 8 Sep 05 744 97 12 4578 1002

221 2◦ 59.8

S 124◦ 54.7W 8 Sep 05 1204 65 14 4628 1006

231 3◦ 59.8

S 124◦ 56.3W 8 Sep 05 2049 96 16 4478 1002

241 5◦ 0.6

S 124◦ 57.7W 9 Sep 05 513 115 21 4512 1004

251 5◦ 59.7

S 124◦ 57.1W 9 Sep 05 1256 126 24 4510 1004

261 6◦ 59.2

S 124◦ 58.9W 9 Sep 05 2118 107 20 4575 1002

271 7◦ 57.3

S 124◦ 58.3W 10 Sep 05 600 122 22 4490 4201

281 6◦ 59.8

S 139◦ 57.8W 19 Sep 05 918 112 6 4181 3904

291 6◦ 0.0

S 139◦ 56.5W 19 Sep 05 1708 77 10 4201 1003

301 5◦ 0.4

S 139◦ 56.4W 19 Sep 05 2357 99 12 4256 1002

311 3◦ 59.9

S 139◦ 56.0W 20 Sep 05 656 107 16 4507 1003

321 2◦ 59.8

S 139◦ 56.8W 20 Sep 05 1316 119 14 4327 1003

331 2◦ 29.9

S 139◦ 57.0W 20 Sep 05 1700 120 15 4379 1003

341 2◦ 0.5

S 139◦ 58.4W 21 Sep 05 330 114 14 4277 1002

351 1◦ 29.8

S 139◦ 58.5W 21 Sep 05 739 115 14 4292 1002

361 0◦ 59.6

S 139◦ 59.7W 21 Sep 05 1117 131 16 4265 1002

371 0◦ 29.7

S 140◦ 1.0W 21 Sep 05 1504 136 13 4286 1002

381 0◦ 0.5

N 139◦ 52.8W 22 Sep 05 530 118 16 4348 4103

391 0◦ 30.1

N 139◦ 55.1W 23 Sep 05 630 136 10 4343 1002

401 0◦ 59.9

N 139◦ 57.3W 23 Sep 05 1053 118 14 4312 1002

411 1◦ 30.2

N 139◦ 59.4W 23 Sep 05 1529 108 13 4475 1003

421 2◦ 1.4

N 140◦ 2.0W 24 Sep 05 533 135 12 4371 1003

431 2◦ 30.0

N 140◦ 1.6W 24 Sep 05 1012 143 10 4380 1001

441 3◦ 0.1

N 140◦ 1.2W 24 Sep 05 1427 157 9 4301 1002

451 3◦ 59.8

N 140◦ 0.0W 24 Sep 05 2212 97 6 4343 1002

461 5◦ 3.8

N 139◦ 57.3W 25 Sep 05 911 156 6 4452 4204

471 6◦ 0.1

N 140◦ 4.0W 26 Sep 05 124 229 2 4768 1002

481 7◦ 0.2

N 140◦ 7.8W 26 Sep 05 809 151 3 4981 1002

491 7◦ 59.9

N 140◦ 11.7W 26 Sep 05 1505 146 9 5193 1001

501 8◦ 59.8

N 140◦ 13.7W 27 Sep 05 602 176 13 4811 4004

511 9◦ 59.8

N 141◦ 49.1W 27 Sep 05 1929 191 12 5029 1005

521 10◦ 59.7

N 143◦ 23.1W 28 Sep 05 713 216 8 5086 1017

531 11◦ 59.8

N 144◦ 56.9W 28 Sep 05 1838 297 2 4978 1002
24 McTaggart and Johnson

GP6−05−RB (Oct 26 − Nov 28) Arica, Chile − Panama City, Panama

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20oN 

 30o

N 

Figure 2f: GP6-05-RB cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 25

Table 1f: GP6-05-RB CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 8◦ 0.3S 95◦ 15.3W 31 Oct 05 2148 134 12 3983 1002

21 7◦ 0.0

S 95◦ 0.0W 1 Nov 05 500 130 14 3995 1000

31 5◦ 59.9

S 95◦ 0.0W 1 Nov 05 600 140 12 3839 1006

41 5◦ 2.7

S 95◦ 7.0W 1 Nov 05 1700 130 14 3852 1002

51 4◦ 0.0

S 95◦ 0.1W 1 Nov 05 2356 150 16 3695 1002

61 3◦ 0.0

S 95◦ 0.0W 2 Nov 05 613 140 12 3555 1002

71 2◦ 30.0

S 95◦ 0.1W 2 Nov 05 1011 140 12 2737 1001

81 1◦ 58.4

S 95◦ 11.1W 2 Nov 05 1730 140 10 3441 1001

91 1◦ 30.0

S 95◦ 0.0W 2 Nov 05 2152 150 11 3349 1002

101 1◦ 0.0

S 95◦ 0.0W 2 Nov 05 155 150 9 3326 1001

111 0◦ 29.9

S 95◦ 0.0W 2 Nov 05 554 170 10 3402 1002

121 0◦ 8.2

S 95◦ 22.8W 3 Nov 05 1040 160 8 3321 3003

131 0◦ 30.0

N 95◦ 0.0W 3 Nov 05 323 170 8 3291 1001

141 1◦ 0.0

N 95◦ 0.0W 4 Nov 05 658 170 20 3519 1002

151 1◦ 30.0

N 95◦ 0.0W 4 Nov 05 1100 180 17 2840 1002

161 2◦ 0.1

N 95◦ 18.6W 5 Nov 05 6 180 18 2993 1000

171 3◦ 0.1

N 94◦ 59.9W 5 Nov 05 644 190 16 2736 1001

181 4◦ 0.1

N 95◦ 0.0W 5 Nov 05 1247 190 15 3405 1001

191 4◦ 57.4

N 94◦ 59.3W 6 Nov 05 230 200 13 3556 1002

201 2◦ 3.8

N 110◦ 2.9W 14 Nov 05 1653 140 13 3732 1002

211 1◦ 30.1

N 110◦ 0.0W 14 Nov 05 2209 140 14 3780 1001

221 1◦ 0.2

N 110◦ 0.3W 15 Nov 05 241 130 11 3817 1002

231 0◦ 30.1

N 110◦ 0.1W 15 Nov 05 724 120 13 3804 1000

241 0◦ 0.1

N 109◦ 58.1W 15 Nov 05 1217 130 13 3822 3001

242 0◦ 2.6

N 109◦ 55.3W 16 Nov 05 327 110 2 3817 1002

251 1◦ 0.1

S 110◦ 0.0W 16 Nov 05 1015 110 12 3977 1002

261 1◦ 58.6

S 109◦ 59.8W 17 Nov 05 38 110 15 3906 1001

271 3◦ 0.0

S 110◦ 0.1W 17 Nov 05 731 120 15 3771 1005

281 4◦ 0.0

S 110◦ 0.0W 17 Nov 05 1330 140 18 3826 1001

291 4◦ 59.4

S 109◦ 59.7W 17 Nov 05 2256 140 16 3615 1002

301 6◦ 0.9

S 112◦ 40.1W 19 Nov 05 1621 120 13 4096 1001

311 7◦ 1.0

S 111◦ 17.5W 20 Nov 05 213 100 13 3761 1002

321 7◦ 59.7

S 110◦ 4.0W 20 Nov 05 2134 100 13 3424 1002
26 McTaggart and Johnson

GP7−05−KA (Oct 18 − Nov 25) Honolulu, HI − Kwajalein, Marshall Islands

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20oN 

 30o

N 

Figure 2g: GP7-05-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 27

Table 1g: GP7-05-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 12◦ 0.2N 155◦ 52.9W 21 Oct 05 831 100 12 5185 1004

21 11◦ 0.8

N 155◦ 39.7W 21 Oct 05 1546 68 18 5173 1010

31 10◦ 0.5

N 155◦ 26.3W 21 Oct 05 2221 50 20 5304 118

41 9◦ 0.8

N 155◦ 13.7W 22 Oct 05 547 57 17 4895 1001

51 7◦ 57.8

N 154◦ 58.8W 22 Oct 05 1529 55 14 5205 4005

61 7◦ 0.0

N 154◦ 58.3W 23 Oct 05 820 167 7 4664 1003

71 6◦ 0.0

N 154◦ 57.5W 23 Oct 05 1525 181 12 4828 1001

81 5◦ 0.8

N 154◦ 56.4W 24 Oct 05 340 147 11 4583 1000

91 4◦ 0.6

N 154◦ 57.2W 24 Oct 05 1100 97 10 4696 1002

101 3◦ 0.3

N 154◦ 58.6W 24 Oct 05 1755 113 12 4715 1002

111 2◦ 30.4

N 154◦ 59.4W 24 Oct 05 2200 126 10 4828 1002

121 2◦ 0.7

N 154◦ 53.1W 25 Oct 05 1604 112 12 4485 1003

131 1◦ 30.4

N 154◦ 59.8W 26 Oct 05 153 80 10 4636 1001

141 1◦ 0.5

N 155◦ 0.2W 26 Oct 05 605 122 19 4752 1001

151 0◦ 30.5

N 155◦ 0.4W 26 Oct 05 1038 109 3 4602 1001

161 0◦ 2.4

N 155◦ 0.3W 26 Oct 05 1532 126 5 4664 4304

171 0◦ 29.9

S 154◦ 59.5W 26 Oct 05 2259 115 6 4882 1002

181 0◦ 59.9

S 154◦ 59.1W 27 Oct 05 413 130 4 4737 1002

191 1◦ 29.5

S 154◦ 58.1W 27 Oct 05 837 111 13 4869 1003

201 1◦ 58.2

S 154◦ 58.9W 27 Oct 05 1552 127 19 4863 1006

211 8◦ 0.9

N 170◦ 1.8W 16 Nov 05 959 115 11 5527 4701

221 7◦ 0.0

N 170◦ 1.0W 17 Nov 05 514 34 6 5860 1002

231 6◦ 0.4

N 169◦ 59.1W 17 Nov 05 1147 62 17 5158 1002

241 5◦ 2.0

N 169◦ 58.0W 17 Nov 05 1815 32 16 5749 1002

251 4◦ 0.8

N 169◦ 59.7W 18 Nov 05 129 68 13 5527 1002

261 2◦ 1.8

N 170◦ 2.1W 18 Nov 05 2140 131 17 5385 1003

271 2◦ 3.0

N 179◦ 49.5W 21 Nov 05 1735 103 20 5457 1005

281 3◦ 0.3

N 179◦ 51.0W 22 Nov 05 220 113 10 5613 1002

291 4◦ 0.0

N 179◦ 52.4W 22 Nov 05 903 85 8 1002

301 4◦ 59.8

N 179◦ 54.8W 22 Nov 05 1654 134 9 5670 1002
28 McTaggart and Johnson

GP8−05−KA (Nov 27 − Dec 21) Kwajalein, Marshall Islands − Honolulu, HI

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20oN 

 30o

N 

Figure 2h: GP8-05-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 29

Table 1h: GP8-05-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 8◦ 3.4N 165◦ 4.1E 27 Nov 05 1943 108 16 5222 1006

21 7◦ 0.7

N 165◦ 3.3E 28 Nov 05 342 110 4 5171 1001

31 6◦ 0.0

N 165◦ 1.3E 28 Nov 05 1127 57 8 5008 1002

41 5◦ 1.2

N 165◦ 0.8E 29 Nov 05 228 11 3 4775 1004

51 4◦ 0.0

N 164◦ 59.7E 29 Nov 05 924 94 5 4492 1002

61 3◦ 0.2

N 164◦ 58.8E 29 Nov 05 1543 160 4 4210 1002

71 2◦ 0.6

N 164◦ 58.4E 29 Nov 05 2221 132 9 4170 1003

81 1◦ 0.4

N 164◦ 59.5E 30 Nov 05 533 133 5 4331 1002

91 0◦ 2.5

N 164◦ 58.8E 30 Nov 05 1332 130 3 4404 4101

101 1◦ 59.9

S 165◦ 0.0E 1 Dec 05 1733 262 0 4467 3003

111 2◦ 1.2

S 179◦ 54.4W 6 Dec 05 204 66 14 5236 1002

121 4◦ 58.7

S 179◦ 55.8W 6 Dec 05 1919 74 13 5601 1003

131 8◦ 0.5

S 170◦ 1.5W 9 Dec 05 1346 334 18 5374 5003

141 8◦ 16.2

S 155◦ 0.9W 14 Dec 05 59 42 15 5332 1005

151 1◦ 59.8

N 155◦ 0.4W 16 Dec 05 1423 101 14 4702 1002
30 McTaggart and Johnson

GP1−06−KA (Jan 6 − Feb 9) Honolulu, HI − San Diego, CA

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20oN 

 30o

N 

Figure 2i: GP1-06-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 31

Table 1i: GP1-06-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 12◦ 0.9N 144◦ 57.2W 11 Jan 06 1447 98 27 5110 1001

21 11◦ 0.5

N 143◦ 22.4W 12 Jan 06 441 31 19 5049 1001

31 10◦ 1.3

N 141◦ 49.8W 12 Jan 06 1824 49 24 5186 1004

41 9◦ 2.6

N 140◦ 17.2W 13 Jan 06 901 40 18 4980 3004

51 8◦ 0.4

N 140◦ 10.9W 13 Jan 06 1830 31 5 5132 1003

61 6◦ 0.3

N 140◦ 2.7W 14 Jan 06 712 91 14 4813 1002

71 5◦ 0.6

N 139◦ 57.9W 14 Jan 06 1406 152 8 4476 1002

81 4◦ 0.1

N 139◦ 59.2W 15 Jan 06 722 130 8 4341 1007

91 3◦ 0.2

N 140◦ 0.3W 15 Jan 06 1408 135 9 4306 1004

101 2◦ 30.4

N 140◦ 1.2W 15 Jan 06 1818 139 4 4388 1004

111 2◦ 1.5

N 140◦ 1.9W 15 Jan 06 2233 133 18 4376 1002

121 1◦ 30.5

N 139◦ 59.7W 16 Jan 06 305 117 18 4467 1016

131 1◦ 0.3

N 139◦ 57.7W 16 Jan 06 703 119 12 4319 1000

141 0◦ 30.2

N 139◦ 55.6W 16 Jan 06 1111 141 13 4350 1002

151 0◦ 1.5

N 139◦ 54.6W 17 Jan 06 312 85 13 4356 3003

161 0◦ 28.9

S 139◦ 54.8W 17 Jan 06 827 89 11 4288 1003

171 0◦ 59.6

S 139◦ 55.3W 17 Jan 06 1235 89 15 4222 1003

181 1◦ 29.8

S 139◦ 56.7W 17 Jan 06 1641 100 13 4344 1001

191 2◦ 0.0

S 139◦ 57.7W 17 Jan 06 2042 102 12 4323 1002

201 2◦ 29.5

S 139◦ 57.8W 18 Jan 06 56 110 15 4367 1003

211 2◦ 59.5

S 139◦ 57.6W 18 Jan 06 449 113 17 4384 1002

221 3◦ 59.6

S 139◦ 56.3W 18 Jan 06 1158 100 14 4513 1002

231 4◦ 57.9

S 139◦ 56.0W 19 Jan 06 243 113 14 4313 4103

241 5◦ 59.6

S 139◦ 57.4W 19 Jan 06 1116 79 22 4197 1005

251 6◦ 59.5

S 139◦ 59.6W 19 Jan 06 1832 123 20 4187 1002

261 7◦ 57.9

S 125◦ 0.2W 26 Jan 06 1240 114 5 4573 3003

271 7◦ 0.0

S 124◦ 58.0W 27 Jan 06 555 128 13 4464 1002

281 5◦ 59.9

S 124◦ 56.8W 27 Jan 06 1327 115 10 4491 1002

291 4◦ 59.0

S 124◦ 56.8W 28 Jan 06 401 116 13 4539 1002

301 3◦ 59.9

S 124◦ 55.6W 28 Jan 06 1151 84 12 4515 1002

311 2◦ 59.9

S 124◦ 54.8W 28 Jan 06 1935 99 12 4646 1003

321 2◦ 30.6

S 124◦ 58.8W 29 Jan 06 315 105 12 4599 1002

331 2◦ 2.0

S 124◦ 56.7W 29 Jan 06 1125 125 4 4702 4403

332 2◦ 1.7

S 124◦ 56.0W 29 Jan 06 2346 28 4 4640 1005

341 0◦ 59.9

S 124◦ 38.7W 30 Jan 06 942 97 7 4667 1002

351 0◦ 10.7

S 124◦ 25.7W 31 Jan 06 413 107 7 4549 1001

361 1◦ 58.7

N 125◦ 6.7W 1 Feb 06 439 128 7 4743 1001

371 5◦ 8.2

N 124◦ 53.0W 2 Feb 06 535 88 10 4397 1003

381 6◦ 0.0

N 125◦ 18.8W 2 Feb 06 1235 73 12 4291 1011

391 6◦ 40.9

N 125◦ 35.6W 2 Feb 06 1819 61 16 4511 1001

401 6◦ 59.9

N 125◦ 26.2W 3 Feb 06 20 353 5 4579 1006

411 8◦ 3.5

N 124◦ 58.7W 3 Feb 06 1011 41 9 4564 4320

421 10◦ 0.0

N 124◦ 24.2W 4 Feb 06 48 59 16 4633 1002

431 12◦ 0.0

N 123◦ 49.0W 4 Feb 06 1408 67 13 4608 1002
32 McTaggart and Johnson

GP2−06−KA (Mar 30 − Apr 29) San Diego, CA − Manzanillo, Mexico

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20oN 

 30o

N 

Figure 2j: GP2-06-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 33

Table 1j: GP2-06-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 8◦ 3.0N 110◦ 10.3W 8 Apr 06 955 106 4 4269 3004

12 8◦ 3.0

N 110◦ 10.3W 8 Apr 06 955 106 4 4269 2001

21 7◦ 0.5

N 110◦ 7.0W 9 Apr 06 410 52 7 3680 1001

31 6◦ 0.3

N 110◦ 6.0W 9 Apr 06 1059 41 9 3819 1002

41 5◦ 0.5

N 110◦ 6.5W 10 Apr 06 33 78 9 3916 1004

51 4◦ 0.4

N 110◦ 3.6W 10 Apr 06 730 86 6 3903 1003

61 2◦ 59.9

N 110◦ 2.0W 10 Apr 06 1429 166 12 3866 1002

71 2◦ 2.6

N 110◦ 1.8W 10 Apr 06 2310 184 6 3763 1002

81 1◦ 0.7

N 109◦ 57.7W 11 Apr 06 633 33 2 3785 1003

91 0◦ 3.1

S 109◦ 56.5W 11 Apr 06 1340 274 3 3807 1001

101 1◦ 0.2

S 109◦ 58.2W 12 Apr 06 1327 221 1 3940 1002

111 1◦ 58.1

S 109◦ 59.5W 12 Apr 06 2027 100 4 3909 1003

121 2◦ 59.5

S 109◦ 59.4W 13 Apr 06 422 113 8 3818 1002

131 4◦ 0.0

S 110◦ 0.3W 13 Apr 06 1116 96 4 3680 1001

141 5◦ 0.0

S 109◦ 59.6W 13 Apr 06 1811 96 6 3615 1004

151 5◦ 59.4

S 110◦ 1.3W 14 Apr 06 106 121 11 3425 1001

161 6◦ 59.6

S 110◦ 2.4W 14 Apr 06 820 131 21 3580 1003

171 5◦ 2.9

S 95◦ 7.0W 18 Apr 06 1142 121 7 3869 3002

181 4◦ 0.0

S 93◦ 53.8W 19 Apr 06 709 145 9 3627 1002

191 1◦ 55.1

S 95◦ 13.2W 21 Apr 06 1947 129 4 2870 1000

201 1◦ 0.8

S 95◦ 13.4W 22 Apr 06 304 94 7 2848 1002

211 0◦ 3.4

S 95◦ 11.2W 22 Apr 06 1145 107 5 3357 3001

221 0◦ 59.5

N 95◦ 8.5W 23 Apr 06 556 170 9 3463 1002

231 2◦ 1.1

N 95◦ 21.6W 23 Apr 06 1545 185 4 2898 1002

241 3◦ 0.1

N 95◦ 13.8W 23 Apr 06 2305 229 2 2712 1001

251 4◦ 0.2

N 95◦ 6.1W 24 Apr 06 549 200 3 3460 1003

261 4◦ 57.0

N 95◦ 0.2W 24 Apr 06 1249 198 4 3503 1002

271 5◦ 59.9

N 95◦ 4.5W 25 Apr 06 40 250 5 3710 1002

281 6◦ 59.2

N 95◦ 8.3W 25 Apr 06 733 245 3 3651 1001

291 8◦ 5.3

N 94◦ 55.7W 25 Apr 06 2352 212 13 3627 3002
34 McTaggart and Johnson

GP3−06−KA (May 30 − Jul 3) Honolulu, HI − Kwajalein, Marshall Islands

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20oN 

 30o

N 

Figure 2k: GP3-06-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 35

Table 1k: GP3-06-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 12◦ 1.2N 155◦ 51.9W 2 Jun 06 625 71 19 5211 1003

21 11◦ 0.9

N 155◦ 39.2W 2 Jun 06 1355 52 21 5191 1011

31 10◦ 0.5

N 155◦ 26.1W 2 Jun 06 2109 140 13 5328 1003

41 9◦ 0.5

N 155◦ 13.6W 3 Jun 06 503 57 18 5274 1011

51 7◦ 59.3

N 155◦ 1.8W 3 Jun 06 1358 77 14 5202 3000

61 7◦ 0.6

N 154◦ 58.8W 3 Jun 06 2300 46 9 4564 1003

71 6◦ 0.3

N 154◦ 57.0W 4 Jun 06 631 67 12 4828 1002

81 4◦ 58.7

N 154◦ 56.4W 4 Jun 06 1428 63 15 4596 1005

91 3◦ 59.5

N 154◦ 56.2W 5 Jun 06 716 55 7 4709 1003

101 3◦ 0.3

N 154◦ 58.0W 5 Jun 06 1350 150 12 4756 1003

111 2◦ 29.9

N 154◦ 58.4W 5 Jun 06 1738 151 10 4835 1002

121 1◦ 59.2

N 154◦ 57.8W 5 Jun 06 2130 146 10 4658 1002

131 1◦ 30.3

N 154◦ 58.6W 6 Jun 06 206 150 8 4643 1001

141 1◦ 0.5

N 154◦ 58.1W 6 Jun 06 558 110 11 4760 1001

151 0◦ 30.4

N 154◦ 57.2W 6 Jun 06 1013 150 10 4733 1001

161 0◦ 0.0

S 154◦ 56.0W 6 Jun 06 1450 111 9 4640 3029

171 0◦ 29.7

S 154◦ 57.4W 7 Jun 06 629 128 16 4882 1001

181 0◦ 59.6

S 154◦ 57.4W 7 Jun 06 1024 112 14 4740 1000

191 1◦ 29.9

S 154◦ 59.4W 7 Jun 06 1431 103 16 4838 1000

201 1◦ 57.9

S 155◦ 0.0W 7 Jun 06 1827 106 17 4990 1002

211 2◦ 29.5

S 154◦ 59.8W 7 Jun 06 2238 98 14 4866 1003

221 3◦ 54.7

S 155◦ 0.7W 8 Jun 06 912 83 14 3126 1002

231 4◦ 57.3

S 154◦ 58.8W 8 Jun 06 1627 94 20 5094 1002

241 5◦ 59.5

S 154◦ 58.2W 9 Jun 06 1121 149 15 5150 1002

251 6◦ 59.3

S 154◦ 59.8W 9 Jun 06 1813 84 17 5214 1002

262 8◦ 14.8

S 154◦ 59.7W 10 Jun 06 401 107 15 5324 3001

271 8◦ 0.0

S 170◦ 2.9W 19 Jun 06 1523 94 6 5388 4005

281 7◦ 0.0

S 170◦ 0.4W 20 Jun 06 228 125 6 4737 1006

291 6◦ 0.2

S 170◦ 0.3W 20 Jun 06 947 135 14 4800 1001

301 4◦ 59.8

S 170◦ 0.7W 20 Jun 06 1717 122 12 5427 1003

311 4◦ 0.1

S 170◦ 0.0W 21 Jun 06 807 112 17 5582 1002

321 2◦ 59.6

S 170◦ 0.7W 21 Jun 06 1505 79 19 5065 1002

331 2◦ 30.3

S 170◦ 0.9W 21 Jun 06 1904 74 17 5585 1000

341 2◦ 9.4

S 170◦ 2.0W 22 Jun 06 523 69 20 4949 1001

351 1◦ 30.2

S 169◦ 55.8W 22 Jun 06 1046 74 15 5122 1001

361 0◦ 59.7

S 169◦ 52.0W 22 Jun 06 1434 68 16 5160 1002

371 0◦ 29.7

S 169◦ 48.3W 22 Jun 06 1835 73 17 5141 1001

381 0◦ 0.0

S 169◦ 59.8W 23 Jun 06 1036 114 13 5306 4701

391 0◦ 30.0

N 170◦ 1.4W 24 Jun 06 1331 91 15 5410 1001

401 1◦ 0.2

N 170◦ 1.6W 24 Jun 06 1718 106 13 5452 1003

411 1◦ 30.0

N 170◦ 1.4W 24 Jun 06 2106 98 15 5505 1003

421 2◦ 1.8

N 170◦ 1.5W 25 Jun 06 650 99 14 5392 3002

431 2◦ 30.3

N 170◦ 0.5W 26 Jun 06 112 112 16 5341 1002

441 2◦ 59.1

N 170◦ 0.2W 26 Jun 06 437 101 13 5458 1002

451 4◦ 0.2

N 169◦ 59.5W 26 Jun 06 1124 88 19 5837 1001

461 5◦ 0.8

N 170◦ 0.2W 26 Jun 06 1832 92 23 5097 1002

471 5◦ 59.8

N 170◦ 0.8W 27 Jun 06 940 74 19 5554 1001

481 7◦ 0.1

N 170◦ 2.0W 27 Jun 06 1622 91 14 5833 1003

491 8◦ 0.8

N 170◦ 3.5W 28 Jun 06 117 73 19 5258 3003

501 8◦ 0.8

N 179◦ 50.6W 30 Jun 06 1051 62 19 5917 1001
36 McTaggart and Johnson

GP4−06−KA (Jul 6 − Aug 1) Kwajalein, Marshall Islands − Honolulu, HI

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2l: GP4-06-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 37

Table 1l: GP4-06-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 8◦ 3.3N 165◦ 3.1E 8 Jul 06 423 89 17 5224 1832

21 7◦ 0.3

N 165◦ 3.2E 8 Jul 06 1236 107 13 5085 1002

31 6◦ 0.6

N 165◦ 2.4E 8 Jul 06 1928 114 10 4916 1007

41 5◦ 2.9

N 165◦ 1.2E 9 Jul 06 209 164 10 4789 1001

51 4◦ 0.9

N 165◦ 0.7E 9 Jul 06 935 155 8 4495 1004

61 3◦ 0.2

N 165◦ 0.2E 9 Jul 06 1624 124 7 4258 1001

71 2◦ 30.0

N 165◦ 0.0E 9 Jul 06 2021 53 7 4123 1002

81 2◦ 0.4

N 164◦ 59.6E 10 Jul 06 616 54 10 4173 1001

91 1◦ 30.0

N 164◦ 58.9E 10 Jul 06 1057 42 14 4267 1001

101 1◦ 0.1

N 164◦ 57.8E 10 Jul 06 1501 80 8 4333 1001

111 0◦ 31.2

N 164◦ 56.5E 10 Jul 06 1907 48 9 4371 1002

121 0◦ 0.3

S 165◦ 3.2E 11 Jul 06 712 52 6 4385 4003

131 0◦ 29.6

S 165◦ 0.4E 12 Jul 06 506 141 6 4435 1003

141 1◦ 0.0

S 164◦ 59.8E 12 Jul 06 928 111 8 4654 1001

151 1◦ 29.9

S 164◦ 59.4E 12 Jul 06 1359 125 8 4458 1002

161 1◦ 59.1

S 164◦ 57.9E 12 Jul 06 1808 145 5 4692 1003

171 2◦ 29.7

S 165◦ 1.4E 13 Jul 06 205 159 14 2592 1002

181 2◦ 59.6

S 165◦ 3.4E 13 Jul 06 621 166 13 4203 1001

191 3◦ 59.2

S 165◦ 7.9E 13 Jul 06 1334 144 19 3393 1002

201 4◦ 59.8

S 165◦ 12.5E 14 Jul 06 244 110 22 2522 1003

211 5◦ 59.9

S 165◦ 3.2E 14 Jul 06 1027 192 16 3600 1000

221 6◦ 59.6

S 164◦ 55.1E 14 Jul 06 1730 156 16 3719 1002

231 7◦ 59.8

S 164◦ 48.4E 15 Jul 06 913 147 19 3895 3501

241 7◦ 57.9

S 179◦ 48.4W 19 Jul 06 1433 83 10 5547 4501

251 7◦ 0.1

S 179◦ 51.2W 20 Jul 06 818 101 13 4974 1000

261 6◦ 0.1

S 179◦ 52.2W 20 Jul 06 1457 134 8 5596 1002

271 4◦ 57.2

S 179◦ 54.2W 21 Jul 06 630 119 11 5610 1001

281 4◦ 0.1

S 179◦ 54.4W 21 Jul 06 1328 78 7 5986 1001

291 2◦ 59.8

S 179◦ 54.7W 21 Jul 06 1951 77 7 5704 1002

301 2◦ 30.2

S 179◦ 54.7W 21 Jul 06 2338 138 5 5585 1002

311 1◦ 58.8

S 179◦ 53.8W 22 Jul 06 336 45 6 5530 1003

321 1◦ 29.9

S 179◦ 54.6W 22 Jul 06 725 43 6 5234 1001

331 1◦ 0.0

S 179◦ 54.7W 22 Jul 06 1120 71 5 5351 1000

341 0◦ 30.1

S 179◦ 54.6W 22 Jul 06 1450 75 7 4738 1003

351 0◦ 3.0

N 179◦ 54.3W 23 Jul 06 332 111 10 5288 4502

361 0◦ 30.3

N 179◦ 53.2W 23 Jul 06 837 142 10 4919 1001

371 0◦ 59.9

N 179◦ 51.4W 23 Jul 06 1204 137 11 5228 1004

381 1◦ 29.8

N 179◦ 49.4W 23 Jul 06 1546 117 9 5557 1002

391 2◦ 1.6

N 179◦ 47.5W 24 Jul 06 258 110 11 5385 1003

401 2◦ 29.9

N 179◦ 48.7W 24 Jul 06 705 116 13 5310 1002

411 3◦ 0.1

N 179◦ 49.5W 24 Jul 06 1052 99 12 6032 1003

421 3◦ 59.6

N 179◦ 51.9W 24 Jul 06 1722 58 10 5649 1003

431 5◦ 1.5

N 179◦ 53.5W 25 Jul 06 102 87 8 5482 1001

441 6◦ 0.3

N 179◦ 54.1W 25 Jul 06 708 31 14 5540 1001

451 6◦ 59.8

N 179◦ 53.1W 25 Jul 06 1332 44 15 5779 1001

461 8◦ 1.4

N 179◦ 54.0W 25 Jul 06 2131 92 12 5968 4505

471 9◦ 0.1

N 178◦ 22.0W 26 Jul 06 1058 61 13 5908 1000

481 10◦ 0.1

N 176◦ 44.3W 26 Jul 06 2229 52 12 6477 1004

491 11◦ 0.2

N 175◦ 6.4W 27 Jul 06 1012 90 12 4603 1000

501 12◦ 0.4

N 173◦ 27.8W 27 Jul 06 2205 85 15 5592 1002
38 McTaggart and Johnson

GP5−06−KA (Aug 16 − Sep 23) Honolulu, HI − Honolulu, HI

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20oN 

 30o

N 

Figure 2m: GP5-06-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 39

Table 1m: GP5-06-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

1 6◦ 45.6N 128◦ 18.3W 25 Aug 06 723 17 78 4400 1004

11 8◦ 2.6

N 124◦ 57.2W 26 Aug 06 728 16 84 4660 1005

21 7◦ 0.3

N 124◦ 56.2W 26 Aug 06 1536 17 71 4604 1003

31 6◦ 0.4

N 124◦ 54.3W 26 Aug 06 2245 14 79 4410 4001

42 5◦ 4.4

N 124◦ 51.1W 27 Aug 06 1015 18 68 4393 1002

51 4◦ 0.4

N 124◦ 2.6W 28 Aug 06 739 16 56 4504 1005

61 3◦ 0.4

N 124◦ 37.5W 28 Aug 06 1630 17 26 4581 1002

71 2◦ 30.5

N 124◦ 54.8W 28 Aug 06 2340 9 50 4584 1004

81 1◦ 58.5

N 125◦ 12.3W 29 Aug 06 454 15 23 4607 1000

91 1◦ 30.4

N 124◦ 56.1W 30 Aug 06 555 10 0 4649 1001

101 1◦ 0.5

N 124◦ 46.7W 30 Aug 06 1003 9 36 4636 1001

111 0◦ 31.1

N 124◦ 36.8W 30 Aug 06 1434 12 37 4449 4002

121 0◦ 8.9

S 124◦ 20.3W 31 Aug 06 411 12 33 4825 1005

131 0◦ 59.3

S 124◦ 34.6W 31 Aug 06 1200 15 5 4725 1010

141 2◦ 0.2

S 124◦ 52.9W 31 Aug 06 2037 16 41 4685 1010

151 2◦ 29.3

S 124◦ 52.4W 1 Sep 06 159 16 25 4578 698

161 2◦ 59.8

S 124◦ 53.2W 1 Sep 06 539 105 13 4702 1003

171 4◦ 0.9

S 124◦ 54.0W 1 Sep 06 2018 16 27 4462 1003

181 5◦ 0.1

S 124◦ 57.3W 2 Sep 06 332 17 19 4535 1003

191 5◦ 59.4

S 124◦ 57.1W 2 Sep 06 1043 12 16 4519 1001

201 6◦ 59.6

S 124◦ 58.0W 2 Sep 06 1813 17 18 4485 4004

211 7◦ 58.7

S 125◦ 0.5W 3 Sep 06 412 19 39 4576 1002

221 6◦ 59.6

S 140◦ 1.5W 11 Sep 06 828 17 10 4192 1004

231 6◦ 0.2

S 139◦ 58.4W 11 Sep 06 1520 19 74 4213 1001

261 4◦ 57.9

S 139◦ 54.0W 11 Sep 06 2250 15 20 4349 1001

271 3◦ 59.9

S 139◦ 56.3W 12 Sep 06 550 20 20 4514 1003

282 3◦ 0.1

S 139◦ 59.1W 12 Sep 06 1236 13 14 4426 1002

291 2◦ 30.2

S 140◦ 0.1W 12 Sep 06 1641 12 29 4377 1001

301 2◦ 0.3

S 139◦ 59.1W 13 Sep 06 543 24 25 4239 1006

311 1◦ 30.1

S 140◦ 0.5W 13 Sep 06 1029 16 24 4337 1003

321 0◦ 59.6

S 140◦ 0.4W 13 Sep 06 1419 20 49 4269 1001

331 0◦ 30.0

S 140◦ 0.2W 13 Sep 06 1820 6 24 4295 4001

341 0◦ 2.6

N 139◦ 57.8W 14 Sep 06 947 13 34 4352 203

351 0◦ 0.4

N 139◦ 52.0W 14 Sep 06 2159 10 22 4347 1002

361 0◦ 30.0

N 139◦ 53.3W 15 Sep 06 241 14 41 4338 1002

371 1◦ 0.2

N 139◦ 55.6W 15 Sep 06 648 13 9 4346 1001

381 1◦ 29.9

N 139◦ 57.7W 15 Sep 06 1123 14 18 4166 1002

391 2◦ 1.6

N 139◦ 58.8W 15 Sep 06 1552 18 55 4368 1001

401 2◦ 30.0

N 139◦ 58.3W 16 Sep 06 556 17 55 4405 1001

411 2◦ 59.9

N 139◦ 58.4W 16 Sep 06 947 15 54 4294 1001

421 3◦ 59.7

N 139◦ 57.2W 16 Sep 06 1700 9 43 4312 1001

431 4◦ 59.6

N 139◦ 56.4W 17 Sep 06 804 14 53 4616 1000

441 6◦ 0.4

N 139◦ 59.5W 17 Sep 06 1551 18 36 4822 1029

451 7◦ 0.0

N 140◦ 4.8W 17 Sep 06 2304 13 54 5138 1002

461 8◦ 0.4

N 140◦ 9.5W 18 Sep 06 614 13 53 5201 1001

471 9◦ 1.8

N 140◦ 13.8W 19 Sep 06 249 4 19 4819 4006

481 10◦ 1.3

N 141◦ 46.3W 19 Sep 06 1457 16 28 4133 1003

491 11◦ 0.5

N 143◦ 18.3W 20 Sep 06 104 15 58 5277 1002

501 12◦ 0.4

N 144◦ 53.0W 20 Sep 06 1125 22 60 5236 1001
40 McTaggart and Johnson

GP6−06−RB (Oct 31 − Dec 3) Valparaiso, Chile − Panama City, Panama

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20oN 

 30o

N 

Figure 2n: GP6-06-RB cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 41

Table 1n: GP6-06-RB CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 7◦ 56.0S 95◦ 13.0W 7 Nov 06 631 140 13 4011 3001

21 7◦ 0.0

S 95◦ 12.7W 8 Nov 06 635 150 10 3857 1001

31 6◦ 0.0

S 95◦ 11.9W 8 Nov 06 1226 155 8 3699 1001

41 5◦ 3.7

S 95◦ 4.7W 8 Nov 06 2220 160 7 3859 1001

51 4◦ 0.0

S 95◦ 11.2W 9 Nov 06 526 130 9 3653 1001

61 3◦ 0.0

S 95◦ 11.4W 9 Nov 06 1119 140 12 3509 1001

71 1◦ 58.2

S 95◦ 11.8W 9 Nov 06 2153 140 6 3400 1001

81 1◦ 0.1

S 95◦ 0.0W 10 Nov 06 408 140 12 3321 1002

91 0◦ 0.2

S 94◦ 59.8W 10 Nov 06 1044 155 8 3326 3002

101 0◦ 59.9

N 96◦ 16.9W 12 Nov 06 34 150 12 3379 1001

111 2◦ 0.0

N 95◦ 0.0W 12 Nov 06 946 160 12 2864 1002

121 3◦ 0.1

N 95◦ 25.0W 13 Nov 06 205 210 11 2832 1001

131 4◦ 0.0

N 95◦ 12.7W 13 Nov 06 741 220 6 3964 1000

141 4◦ 55.0

N 95◦ 1.3W 13 Nov 06 1308 210 8 3514 1001

151 6◦ 0.0

N 94◦ 59.9W 13 Nov 06 1946 220 11 3374 1001

161 7◦ 0.0

N 94◦ 59.9W 14 Nov 06 132 260 8 3680 1001

171 7◦ 57.5

N 94◦ 57.3W 14 Nov 06 740 275 1 3165 3002

181 8◦ 3.6

N 110◦ 11.4W 18 Nov 06 616 190 12 4235 1001

191 7◦ 0.0

N 110◦ 6.4W 18 Nov 06 1313 185 16 3708 1002

201 6◦ 0.1

N 110◦ 15.2W 18 Nov 06 1913 160 16 3800 1002

211 5◦ 1.2

N 110◦ 4.1W 19 Nov 06 104 150 12 4104 1002

221 4◦ 0.0

N 110◦ 3.8W 19 Nov 06 713 160 13 3910 1001

231 3◦ 0.0

N 110◦ 3.3W 19 Nov 06 1312 160 13 3903 1001

241 2◦ 3.1

N 110◦ 2.6W 20 Nov 06 246 160 11 3735 1001

251 1◦ 0.0

N 110◦ 2.8W 20 Nov 06 928 150 10 3811 1001

261 0◦ 7.8

N 110◦ 3.3W 21 Nov 06 955 120 12 3801 3002

271 1◦ 0.0

S 109◦ 58.4W 22 Nov 06 811 110 12 3971 1002

281 1◦ 58.6

S 109◦ 59.5W 22 Nov 06 1930 120 12 3906 1002

291 2◦ 30.1

S 110◦ 0.0W 22 Nov 06 2322 100 10 3932 1001

301 2◦ 59.9

S 110◦ 0.0W 23 Nov 06 227 110 11 3777 1002

311 4◦ 0.0

S 110◦ 0.0W 23 Nov 06 758 120 12 3784 1001

321 4◦ 59.3

S 109◦ 59.3W 24 Nov 06 859 150 12 3608 1002

331 6◦ 0.0

S 110◦ 0.0W 24 Nov 06 2103 140 13 3669 1002

341 6◦ 59.9

S 110◦ 0.0W 25 Nov 06 252 130 17 3471 1002

351 7◦ 56.5

S 110◦ 8.6W 25 Nov 06 854 120 15 3352 3102
42 McTaggart and Johnson

GP7−06−KA (Oct 6 − Nov 2) Honolulu, HI − Kwajalein, Marshall Islands

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20oN 

 30o

N 

Figure 2o: GP7-06-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 43

Table 1o: GP7-06-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 11◦ 59.9N 155◦ 52.4W 9 Oct 06 512 6 50 5212 1002

21 10◦ 59.9

N 155◦ 39.0W 9 Oct 06 1236 10 42 5198 1003

31 9◦ 59.4

N 155◦ 25.4W 9 Oct 06 2029 7 99 5369 1002

41 8◦ 59.5

N 155◦ 13.0W 10 Oct 06 416 13 27 5287 1004

51 7◦ 57.8

N 154◦ 57.3W 10 Oct 06 1309 17 67 5280 3001

61 6◦ 59.7

N 154◦ 58.2W 11 Oct 06 745 7 69 4252 1002

71 5◦ 59.7

N 154◦ 57.4W 11 Oct 06 1428 5 29 4831 1002

81 4◦ 57.6

N 154◦ 55.4W 11 Oct 06 2203 15 19 4592 1001

91 3◦ 59.9

N 154◦ 57.6W 12 Oct 06 444 9 19 4685 1001

101 3◦ 0.1

N 154◦ 59.1W 12 Oct 06 1138 7 84 4731 1003

111 2◦ 30.4

N 154◦ 59.6W 12 Oct 06 1549 10 79 4833 1002

121 2◦ 0.2

N 154◦ 59.7W 13 Oct 06 358 3 37 4676 1002

131 1◦ 27.6

N 154◦ 59.4W 13 Oct 06 851 3 84 4635 1002

141 1◦ 0.1

N 154◦ 58.5W 13 Oct 06 1235 3 37 4763 1002

151 0◦ 30.3

N 154◦ 57.8W 13 Oct 06 1637 6 66 4746 1001

161 0◦ 0.3

S 154◦ 56.2W 13 Oct 06 2028 2 74 4639 4002

171 0◦ 29.6

S 154◦ 57.8W 14 Oct 06 311 6 8 4882 1001

181 0◦ 59.7

S 154◦ 59.1W 14 Oct 06 713 7 9 4737 1000

191 1◦ 29.9

S 154◦ 59.7W 14 Oct 06 1119 9 4 4829 1003

201 1◦ 57.4

S 155◦ 0.6W 14 Oct 06 1445 11 33 4588 1001

211 2◦ 29.9

S 155◦ 0.7W 15 Oct 06 528 15 11 4963 1000

221 2◦ 59.8

S 155◦ 0.7W 15 Oct 06 907 20 23 4981 1001

231 3◦ 59.8

S 155◦ 0.8W 15 Oct 06 1652 19 34 1948 1002

241 4◦ 59.0

S 154◦ 59.2W 16 Oct 06 6 20 13 5018 1003

251 5◦ 59.8

S 155◦ 0.3W 16 Oct 06 701 19 91 5243 1001

261 6◦ 59.5

S 154◦ 59.8W 16 Oct 06 1352 17 89 5212 1002

271 8◦ 14.3

S 155◦ 1.0W 17 Oct 06 621 22 78 5256 1003

281 7◦ 58.4

S 170◦ 2.7W 21 Oct 06 301 347 5 5386 3003

291 7◦ 0.3

S 170◦ 1.2W 21 Oct 06 1053 102 1 4657 1002

301 5◦ 59.8

S 170◦ 0.7W 21 Oct 06 1729 146 5 4802 1003

311 5◦ 0.5

S 169◦ 57.9W 22 Oct 06 739 203 4 5436 1001

321 4◦ 0.4

S 170◦ 0.3W 22 Oct 06 1422 107 3 5599 1003

331 3◦ 0.2

S 170◦ 0.5W 22 Oct 06 2048 134 7 5073 1002

341 2◦ 30.4

S 170◦ 0.5W 23 Oct 06 36 130 7 5588 1000

351 2◦ 11.0

S 169◦ 59.8W 23 Oct 06 510 87 8 4964 1001

361 1◦ 29.6

S 170◦ 0.9W 23 Oct 06 1014 114 7 5500 1004

371 1◦ 0.1

S 170◦ 1.9W 23 Oct 06 1354 98 6 5487 1002

381 0◦ 30.5

S 170◦ 2.8W 23 Oct 06 1759 114 5 4635 1002

391 0◦ 0.6

N 170◦ 4.0W 24 Oct 06 35 124 9 5392 4002

401 0◦ 30.3

N 170◦ 3.1W 24 Oct 06 600 141 7 5539 1006

411 1◦ 0.3

N 170◦ 2.6W 24 Oct 06 1014 122 8 5072 1002

421 1◦ 29.9

N 170◦ 2.2W 24 Oct 06 1432 136 9 5514 1002

431 2◦ 3.7

N 170◦ 1.6W 24 Oct 06 1905 195 3 4834 1001

441 2◦ 29.8

N 170◦ 1.6W 24 Oct 06 2303 87 8 5160 1002

451 2◦ 59.9

N 170◦ 0.7W 25 Oct 06 306 151 8 5477 1002

461 3◦ 59.8

N 170◦ 0.1W 25 Oct 06 1026 199 6 5412 1001

471 5◦ 2.1

N 169◦ 58.5W 26 Oct 06 313 239 7 5622 1002

481 5◦ 59.8

N 170◦ 0.3W 26 Oct 06 1023 301 9 5531 1002

491 7◦ 0.0

N 170◦ 1.3W 26 Oct 06 1726 48 4 5331 1001

501 7◦ 57.5

N 170◦ 3.4W 27 Oct 06 929 22 7 5532 4002

511 8◦ 1.5

N 179◦ 51.3W 29 Oct 06 2043 92 18 5924 1024
44 McTaggart and Johnson

GP8−06−KA (Nov 4 − 27) Kwajalein, Marshall Islands − Honolulu, HI

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20oN 

 30o

N 

Figure 2p: GP8-06-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 45

Table 1p: GP8-06-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 8◦ 3.0N 165◦ 6.0E 5 Nov 06 2235 143 10 5168 685

21 7◦ 0.3

N 165◦ 3.9E 6 Nov 06 720 109 10 5165 1001

31 5◦ 59.9

N 165◦ 2.2E 6 Nov 06 1355 91 9 1002

41 5◦ 0.5

N 165◦ 1.0E 7 Nov 06 547 46 14 4775 1003

51 3◦ 59.4

N 165◦ 1.0E 7 Nov 06 1238 37 13 4487 1004

61 2◦ 52.1

N 164◦ 59.9E 7 Nov 06 1948 43 12 4240 1004

71 2◦ 30.5

N 165◦ 0.3E 7 Nov 06 2259 42 7 4117 1001

81 2◦ 1.0

N 164◦ 59.4E 8 Nov 06 351 51 11 1001

91 1◦ 29.9

N 165◦ 0.4E 8 Nov 06 748 124 4 4256 1001

101 0◦ 59.8

N 165◦ 1.7E 8 Nov 06 1132 164 5 4328 1001

111 0◦ 1.4

N 165◦ 2.8E 8 Nov 06 1849 187 8 4407 4003

121 1◦ 0.0

S 165◦ 6.2E 9 Nov 06 1459 163 15 1013

131 1◦ 58.0

S 165◦ 1.0E 10 Nov 06 615 185 15 4464 1002

141 2◦ 59.9

S 165◦ 2.9E 10 Nov 06 1335 199 6 4192 1002

151 3◦ 59.8

S 165◦ 7.0E 10 Nov 06 2030 172 8 3380 1002

161 5◦ 0.3

S 165◦ 12.9E 11 Nov 06 417 64 3 2536 1002

171 7◦ 0.2

S 164◦ 54.4E 11 Nov 06 1621 191 12 3711 1002

181 8◦ 1.3

S 164◦ 49.4E 12 Nov 06 801 121 12 3892 3443

191 7◦ 56.3

S 179◦ 50.1W 16 Nov 06 918 100 6 4817 4002

201 7◦ 0.3

S 179◦ 51.7W 16 Nov 06 1708 24 4 5844 1002

211 6◦ 0.6

S 179◦ 53.9W 17 Nov 06 13 256 5 4458 1002

221 4◦ 58.1

S 179◦ 56.3W 17 Nov 06 911 336 13 2508 1001

231 3◦ 55.9

S 179◦ 54.9W 17 Nov 06 1624 343 9 2508 1001

241 3◦ 0.3

S 179◦ 54.0W 17 Nov 06 2320 317 13 1003

251 2◦ 30.6

S 179◦ 54.0W 18 Nov 06 433 283 16 5590 1001

261 2◦ 0.8

S 179◦ 51.6W 18 Nov 06 951 266 6 4003

271 1◦ 30.4

S 179◦ 54.0W 19 Nov 06 758 259 10 5223 1001

281 1◦ 0.2

S 179◦ 53.8W 19 Nov 06 1219 224 13 5306 1001

291 0◦ 1.9

N 179◦ 52.6W 19 Nov 06 2116 238 16 1001

301 0◦ 29.8

N 179◦ 52.9W 20 Nov 06 159 193 7 4491 1001

311 0◦ 59.8

N 179◦ 51.3W 20 Nov 06 605 114 13 5888 1002

321 1◦ 29.8

N 179◦ 49.6W 20 Nov 06 1020 152 13 4981 1006

331 2◦ 0.0

N 179◦ 48.5W 20 Nov 06 1440 168 8 4417 1001

341 2◦ 30.0

N 179◦ 48.7W 20 Nov 06 1902 150 6 5129 1002

351 3◦ 0.1

N 179◦ 50.0W 20 Nov 06 2309 81 10 5318 1002
46 McTaggart and Johnson Table 2: Station groupings for CTD conductivity calibrations. Fit Standard Conductivity Pressure Salinity Station Sensor Standard Fitting Reject Total Percent Deviation Fit Bias Correction Minimum Maximum Offset Cruise Groupings S/N Seawater Routine Std Dev Points Points Used (mS/cm) (mS/cm) Beta Fit Slope Fit Slope (PSS-78) GP105 1−53 1537 P143 Calcos1 2.8 324 87.4 0.0022 −0.00961 1.0003675 1.0004593 GP205 1−49** 1537 P143 Calcop0 2.8 287 86.1 0.0019 −0.01315 6.18e−007 1.0005676 1.0005676 13−49 524 P143 Calcop1 2.8 206 82.0 0.0018 −0.00447 3.88e−007 0.9999725 1.0000748 GP305 1−50 524 P143 Calcos1 2.8 304 89.5 0.0021 −0.00738 1.0002269 1.0003410 GP405 1−50 524 P143 Calcop4 2.8 289 87.9 0.0030 −0.01553 −3.59e−007 1.0005460 1.0007905 GP505 1−53 354 P145 Calcos1 2.8 285 91.6 0.0030 −0.00990 1.0004974 1.0006994 GP605 1−32 1180 P145 Calcos2 2.8 200 80.0 0.0014 −0.01026 1.0003376 1.0004570 GP705 1−19 1467 P145 Calcop0 2.8 79 93.7 0.0049 0.00168 −1.59e−006 1.0005303 1.0005303 1−30*** 1467 P145 Calcos0 2.8 166 92.2 0.0064 0.00132 1.0005539 1.0005539 GP805 1−9 354 P145 Calcos1 2.8 45 91.1 0.0051 −0.02186 1.0011832 1.0013698 10−15 1537 P145 Calcos0 2.8 39 89.7 0.0026 −0.00082 0.9999623 0.9999623 GP106 1−43 1537 P145 Calcop1 2.8 279 86.7 0.0016 −0.00372 5.34e−007 0.9999695 1.0000236 GP206 1−29 1467 P145 Calcos2 2.8 227 78.8 0.0022 0.00048 0.9999005 0.9999636 GP306 1−50 1467 P145 Calcop1 2.8 294 84.0 0.0017 −0.00239 6.63e−007 0.9999996 1.0000615 GP406 1−50 1467 P145 Calcos1 2.8 298 84.6 0.0021 −0.00172 1.0000360 1.0001004 GP506 1−50 1467 P145 Calcos0 2.8 277 88.8 0.0051 −0.00201 1.0002906 1.0002906 GP606 1−35 3157 P146 Calcos0 2.8 272 92.3 0.0027 −0.00385 1.0001905 1.0001905 −0.005 GP706 1−51 1467 P145/P147 Calcos0 2.8 295 89.2 0.0047 −0.00432 1.0003622 1.0003622 −0.003 GP806 1−35 1467 P145/P147 Calcos0 2.8 181 87.8 0.0036 −0.00751 1.0005433 1.0005433 −0.005* * For stations 1–18 along 165◦E; −0.003 for stations 19–35 along 180◦. ** This fit applied to stations 1–12. *** This fit applied to stations 20–30.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 47Figure 3a: Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP1-05-KA (upper panels) and GP2-05-KA (lower panels).
48 McTaggart and JohnsonFigure 3b: Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP3-05-KA (upper panels) and GP4-05-KA (lower panels).
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 49Figure 3c: Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP5-05-KA (upper panels) and GP6-05-RB (lower panels).
50 McTaggart and JohnsonFigure 3d: Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP7-05-KA (upper panels) and GP8-05-KA (lower panels).
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 51Figure 3e: Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP1-06-KA (upper panels) and GP2-06-KA (lower panels).
52 McTaggart and JohnsonFigure 3f: Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP3-06-KA (upper panels) and GP4-06-KA (lower panels).
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 53Figure 3g: Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP5-06-KA (upper panels) and GP6-06-RB (lower panels).
54 McTaggart and JohnsonFigure 3h: Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP7-06-KA (upper panels) and GP8-06-KA (lower panels).
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 55 Figure 4: Calibrated CTD-bottle oxygen differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruise GP2-05-KA.
56 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 5: GP2-05-KA spring and GP6-05-RB fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 95◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 57 Figure 6: GP2-06-KA spring and GP6-06-RB fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 95◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
58 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 7: GP2-05-KA spring and GP6-05-RB fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 95◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 59 Figure 8: GP2-06-KA spring and GP6-06-RB fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 95◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1.
60 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 9: GP2-05-KA spring and GP6-05-RB fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 95◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 61 Figure 10: GP2-06-KA spring and GP6-06-RB fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 95◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
62 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 11: GP2-05-KA spring and GP2-06-KA spring oxygen (μmol/kg) section along 95◦W. Contour intervals are 5 less than 10, 10 between 10 and 100, and 20 greater than 100.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 63

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64 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 12: GP2-05-KA spring and GP6-05-RB fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 110◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 65 Figure 13: GP2-06-KA spring and GP6-06-RB fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 110◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
66 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 14: GP2-05-KA spring and GP6-05-RB fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 110◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 67 Figure 15: GP2-06-KA spring and GP6-06-RB fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 110◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1.
68 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 16: GP2-05-KA spring and GP6-05-RB fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 110◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 69 Figure 17: GP2-06-KA spring and GP6-06-RB fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 110◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
70 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 18: GP2-05-KA spring and GP2-06-KA spring oxygen (μmol/kg) section along 110◦W. Contour intervals are 5 less than 10, 10 between 10 and 100, and 20 greater than 100.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 71

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72 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 19: GP1-05-KA spring and GP5-05-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 125◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 73 Figure 20: GP1-06-KA winter and GP5-06-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 125◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
74 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 21: GP1-05-KA spring and GP5-05-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 125◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 75 Figure 22: GP1-06-KA winter and GP5-06-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 125◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1.
76 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 23: GP1-05-KA spring and GP5-05-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 125◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 77 Figure 24: GP1-06-KA winter and GP5-06-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 125◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
78 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 25: GP1-06-KA winter oxygen (μmol/kg) section along 125◦W. Contour intervals are 5 less than 10, 10 between 10 and 100, and 20 greater than 100.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 79

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80 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 26: GP1-05-KA winter and GP5-05-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 81 Figure 27: GP1-06-KA winter and GP5-06-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
82 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 28: GP1-05-KA winter and GP5-05-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 83 Figure 29: GP1-06-KA winter and GP5-06-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1.
84 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 30: GP1-05-KA winter and GP5-05-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 85 Figure 31: GP1-06-KA winter and GP5-06-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
86 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 32: GP1-06-KA winter oxygen (μmol/kg) section along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 5 less than 10, 10 between 10 and 100, and 20 greater than 100.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 87

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88 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 33: GP3-05-KA summer and GP7-05-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 89 Figure 34: GP3-06-KA summer and GP7-06-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
90 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 35: GP3-05-KA summer and GP7-05-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 91 Figure 36: GP3-06-KA summer and GP7-06-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1.
92 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 37: GP3-05-KA summer and GP7-05-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 93 Figure 38: GP3-06-KA summer and GP7-06-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
94 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 39: GP3-06-KA summer oxygen (μmol/kg) section along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 5 less than 10, 10 between 10 and 100, and 20 greater than 100.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 95

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96 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 40: GP3-05-KA summer and GP7-05-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 97 Figure 41: GP3-06-KA summer and GP7-06-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
98 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 42: GP3-05-KA summer and GP7-05-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 99 Figure 43: GP3-06-KA summer and GP7-06-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1.
100 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 44: GP3-05-KA summer and GP7-05-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 101 Figure 45: GP3-06-KA summer and GP7-06-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
102 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 46: GP3-06-KA summer oxygen (μmol/kg) section along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 5 less than 10, 10 between 10 and 100, and 20 greater than 100.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 103

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104 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 47: GP4-05-KA summer and GP7-05-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 180◦. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 105 Figure 48: GP4-06-KA summer and GP7-06-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 180◦. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
106 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 49: GP4-05-KA summer and GP7-05-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 180◦. Contour intervals are 0.1.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 107 Figure 50: GP4-06-KA summer and GP7-06-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 180◦. Contour intervals are 0.1.
108 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 51: GP4-05-KA summer and GP7-05-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 180◦. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 109 Figure 52: GP4-06-KA summer and GP7-06-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 180◦. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
110 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 53: GP4-05-KA summer and GP8-05-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 165◦E. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 111 Figure 54: GP4-06-KA summer and GP8-06-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 165◦E. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
112 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 55: GP4-05-KA summer and GP8-05-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 165◦E. Contour intervals are 0.1.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 113 Figure 56: GP4-06-KA summer and GP8-06-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 165◦E. Contour intervals are 0.1.
114 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 57: GP4-05-KA summer and GP8-05-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 165◦E. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 115 Figure 58: GP4-06-KA summer and GP8-06-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 165◦E. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
116 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 59: GP2-05-KA spring (April 23−May 9, 2005) and GP6-05-RB fall (October 31−November 6, 2005) composite θ-S diagrams along 95◦W.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 117 Figure 60: GP2-06-KA spring (April 18−25, 2006) and GP6-06-RB fall (November 7−14, 2006) composite θ-S diagrams along 95◦W.
118 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 61: GP2-05-KA spring (April 10−19, 2005) and GP6-05-RB fall (November 14−20, 2005) composite θ-S diagrams along 110◦W.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 119 Figure 62: GP2-06-KA spring (April 8−14, 2006) and GP6-06-RB fall (November 18−25, 2006) composite θ-S diagrams along 110◦W.
120 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 63: GP1-05-KA spring (March 12−20, 2005) and GP5-05-KA summer (August 31−September 10, 2005) composite θ-S diagrams along 125◦W.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 121 Figure 64: GP1-06-KA winter (January 26−February 4, 2006) and GP5-06-KA summer (August 26−September 3, 2006) composite θ-S diagram along 125◦W.
122 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 65: GP1-05-KA winter (February 23−March 5, 2005) and GP5-05-KA fall (September 19−28, 2005) composite θ-S diagrams along 140◦W.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 123 Figure 66: GP1-06-KA winter (January 11−19, 2006) and GP5-06-KA fall (September 11−20, 2006) composite θ-S diagrams along 140◦W.
124 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 67: GP3-05-KA summer (June 12−20, 2005) and GP7-05-KA fall (October 21−27, 2005) composite θ-S diagrams along 155◦W.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 125 Figure 68: GP3-06-KA summer (June 2−10, 2006) and GP7-06-KA fall (October 9−17, 2006) composite θ-S diagrams along 155◦W.
126 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 69: GP3-05-KA summer (June 29−July 7, 2005) and GP7-05-KA fall (November 16−18, 2005) composite θ-S diagrams along 170◦W.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 127 Figure 70: GP3-06-KA summer (June 19−28, 2006) and GP7-06-KA fall (October 21−27, 2006) composite θ-S diagrams along 170◦W.
128 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 71: GP4-05-KA summer (July 28−August 7, 2005) and GP7-05-KA fall (November 21−22, 2005) composite θ-S diagrams along 180◦.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 129 Figure 72: GP4-06-KA summer (July 19−27, 2006) and GP8-06-KA fall (November 16−20, 2006) composite θ-S diagrams along 180◦.
130 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 73: GP4-05-KA summer (July 16−24, 2005) and GP8-05-KA fall (November 27−December 1, 2006) composite θ-S diagrams along 165◦E.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 131 Figure 74: GP4-06-KA summer (July 8−15, 2006) and GP8-06-KA fall (November 5−12, 2006) composite θ-S diagrams along 165◦E.
132 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 75: GP2-05-KA spring composite θ-O2 diagrams along 95◦W (April 23−May 9, 2005) and 110◦W (April 10−19, 2005).
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 133 Figure 76: GP2-06-KA spring composite θ-O2 diagrams along 95◦W (April 18−25, 2006) and 110◦W (April 8−14, 2006).
134 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 77: GP1-06-KA winter composite θ-O2 diagrams along 125◦W (January 26−February 4, 2006) and 140◦W (January 11−19, 2006).
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 135 Figure 78: GP3-06-KA summer composite θ-O2 diagrams along 155◦W (June 2−10, 2006) and 170◦W (June 19−28, 2006).
136 McTaggart and Johnson

Table 3: Drift and viscous heating corrections for CTD temperature calibration.

Temp Drift Viscous Heat

Sensor Correction Correction

Cruise S/N (◦C) (◦C)

GP105 4211 0.0000 −0.0006

GP205 4211 0.0000 −0.0006

1710 0.0000 −0.0006

GP305 1710 0.0000 −0.0006

GP405 1710 0.0000 −0.0006

GP505 1710 0.0001 −0.0006

GP605 1370 0.0016 −0.0006

GP705 4211 0.0002 −0.0006

GP805 1710 0.0002 −0.0006

GP106 1710 0.0002 −0.0006

GP206 4211 0.0003 −0.0006

GP306 4211 0.0004 −0.0006

GP406 4211 0.0004 −0.0006

GP506 4211 0.0007 −0.0006

GP606 4193 0.0000 −0.0006

GP706 4211 0.0008 −0.0006

GP806 4211 0.0008 −0.0006

Table 4: Weather condition code used to describe each set of CTD measurements.

Code Weather Condition

0 Clear (no cloud)

1 Partly cloudy

2 Continuous layer(s) of cloud(s)

3 Sandstorm, dust storm, or blowing snow

4 Fog, thick dust or haze

5 Drizzle

6 Rain

7 Snow, or rain and snow mixed

8 Shower(s)

9 Thunderstorms

Table 5: Sea state code used to describe each set of CTD measurements.

Code Height (meters) Description

0 0 Calm-glassy

1 0–0.1 Calm-rippled

2 0.1–0.5 Smooth-wavelet

3 0.5–1.25 Slight

4 1.25–2.5 Moderate

5 2.5–4 Rough

6 4–6 Very rough

7 6–9 High

8 9–14 Very high

9 >14 Phenomenal
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2005 and 2006 137

Table 6: Visibility code used to describe each set of CTD measurements.

Code Visibility

0 <50 meters

1 50–200 meters

2 200–500 meters

3 500–1,000 meters

4 1–2 km

5 2–4 km

6 4–10 km

7 10–20 km

8 20–50 km

9 50 km or more

Table 7: Cloud type.

Code Cloud Types

0 Cirrus

1 Cirrocumulus

2 Cirrostratus

3 Altocumulus

4 Altostratus

5 Nimbostratus

6 Stratocumulus

7 Stratus

8 Cumulus

9 Cumulonimbus

X Clouds not visible

Table 8: Cloud amount.

Code Cloud Amount

0 0

1 1/10 or less but not zero

2 2/10–3/10

3 4/10

4 5/10

5 6/10

6 7/10–8/10

7 9/10

8 10/10

9 Sky obscured or not determined