II 

109TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 1267 

To amend title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 to reauthorize 

the Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs, and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

JUNE 16, 2005 

Mr. BINGAMAN introduced the following bill; which was read twice and 

referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions 

A BILL 

To amend title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 

to reauthorize the Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Gearing Up for Aca5 demic Success Act’’. 
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1 SEC. 2. GAINING EARLY AWARENESS AND READINESS FOR 

2 UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMS 

3 Chapter 2 of subpart 2 of part A of title IV of the 

4 Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1070a–21 et 

5 seq.) is amended to read as follows: 

6 ‘‘CHAPTER 2—GAINING EARLY AWARENESS AND 

7 READINESS FOR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMS 

8 ‘‘SEC. 404A. DEFINITION OF ELIGIBLE ENTITY. 

9 ‘‘In this chapter, the term ‘eligible entity’ means— 

10 ‘‘(1) a State; or 

11 ‘‘(2) a partnership consisting of— 

12 ‘‘(A) 1 or more local educational agencies 

13 acting on behalf of— 

14 ‘‘(i) 1 or more elementary schools, 

15 middle schools, or secondary schools; and 

16 ‘‘(ii) the secondary schools that stu17 dents from the schools described in clause 

18 (i) would normally attend; 

19 ‘‘(B) 1 or more degree granting institu20 tions of higher education; and 

21 ‘‘(C) at least 2 community organizations or 

22 entities, such as businesses, professional asso23 ciations, community-based organizations, phil24 anthropic organizations, State agencies, institu25 tions or agencies sponsoring programs author-
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1 ized under subpart 4, or other public or private 

2 agencies or organizations. 

3 ‘‘SEC. 404B. EARLY INTERVENTION AND COLLEGE AWARE4 NESS PROGRAM AUTHORIZED. 

5 ‘‘The Secretary is authorized to award grants in ac6 cordance with section 404C— 

7 ‘‘(1) to eligible entities described in section 

8 404A(1) to enable the eligible entities to carry out 

9 the authorized activities described in section 

10 404D(b); and 

11 ‘‘(2) to eligible entities described in section 

12 404A(2) to enable the eligible entities to carry out 

13 the authorized activities described in section 

14 404D(a). 

15 ‘‘SEC. 404C. GRANTS TO ELIGIBLE ENTITIES. 

16 ‘‘(a) GENERAL RESERVATIONS.—From the amount 

17 appropriated under section 404H for a fiscal year the Sec18 retary shall reserve— 

19 ‘‘(1) an amount sufficient to continue multiyear 

20 grant and scholarship awards made under this chap21 ter prior to the date of enactment of the Gearing Up 

22 for Academic Success Act, in accordance with the 

23 terms and conditions of such awards; and 

24 ‘‘(2) the amount described in section 404G to 

25 carry out section 404G. 
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1 ‘‘(b) COMPETITIVE GRANT AWARDS.— 

2 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—If the amount appropriated 

3 under section 404H for a fiscal year is less than 

4 $400,000,000, then the Secretary shall use the 

5 amount that remains after reserving funds under 

6 subsection (a) to award grants, on a competitive 

7 basis and in accordance with paragraph (2), to eligi8 ble entities described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of 

9 section 404A to enable the eligible entities to carry 

10 out the authorized activities described in section 

11 404D. 

12 ‘‘(2) DISTRIBUTION OF COMPETITIVE GRANT

13 AWARDS.—From the amount made available under 

14 paragraph (1) that remains after reserving funds 

15 under subsection (a) for a fiscal year, the Secretary 

16 shall— 

17 ‘‘(A) make available— 

18 ‘‘(i) not less than 33 percent of the 

19 remainder to eligible entities described in 

20 section 404A(1); and 

21 ‘‘(ii) not less than 33 percent of the 

22 remainder to eligible entities described in 

23 section 404A(2); and 

24 ‘‘(B) award the remainder not made avail25 able under subparagraph (A) to eligible entities 
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1 described in paragraph (1) or (2) of section 

2 404A. 

3 ‘‘(3) SPECIAL RULE.—The Secretary shall an4 nually reevaluate the distribution of funds described 

5 in paragraph (2)(B) based on the number, quality, 

6 and promise of the applications and adjust the dis7 tribution accordingly. 

8 ‘‘(c) FORMULA AND COMPETITIVE GRANT

9 AWARDS.— 

10 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—If the amount appropriated 

11 under section 404H for a fiscal year is equal to or 

12 greater than $400,000,000, then the Secretary shall 

13 use the amount that remains after reserving funds 

14 under subsection (a) as follows: 

15 ‘‘(A) 33 percent of the remainder shall be 

16 used to award grants, from allotments under 

17 paragraph (2), to eligible entities described in 

18 section 404A(1) to enable the eligible entities to 

19 carry out the authorized activities described in 

20 section 404D. 

21 ‘‘(B) 67 percent of the remainder shall be 

22 used to award grants, on a competitive basis, to 

23 eligible entities described in section 404A(2) to 

24 enable the eligible entities to carry out the au25 thorized activities described in section 404D. 
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1 ‘‘(2) FORMULA.— 

2 ‘‘(A) RESERVATIONS.—If the amount ap3 propriated under section 404H is greater than 

4 or equal to $400,000,000, then the Secretary 

5 shall reserve, in addition to amounts reserved 

6 under subsection (a)— 

‘‘(i) 1 7 ⁄2 of 1 percent of the amount to 

8 award grants to the outlying areas accord9 ing to their respective needs for assistance 

10 under this chapter to enable the outlying 

11 areas to carry out activities authorized 

12 under this chapter; and 

13 ‘‘(ii) 1 percent of the amount to 

14 award a grant to the Bureau of Indian Af15 fairs to enable the Bureau of Indian Af16 fairs to carry out activities authorized 

17 under this chapter. 

18 ‘‘(B) FORMULA.—If the amount appro19 priated under section 404H for a fiscal year is 

20 equal to or greater than $400,000,000, then the 

21 Secretary shall allocate the amount that re22 mains after reserving funds under subsection 

23 (a) and subparagraph (A) among eligible enti24 ties having plans approved under section 404E 

25 as follows: 
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1 ‘‘(i) 50 percent of the remainder shall 

2 be allocated on the basis of the number of 

3 individuals in the State; and 

4 ‘‘(ii) 50 percent of the remainder shall 

5 be allocated on the basis of the number of 

6 children in the State, aged 5 through 17, 

7 who are from families with incomes below 

8 the poverty line. 

9 ‘‘(C) CENSUS DATA.—In allocating funds 

10 under subparagraph (A) the Secretary shall use 

11 the most recent data available from the Bureau 

12 of the Census. 

13 ‘‘(D) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph; 

14 ‘‘(i) OUTLYING AREA.—The term ‘out15 lying area’ means the United States Virgin 

16 Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the 

17 Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana 

18 Islands, the Republic of the Marshall Is19 lands, the Federated States of Micronesia, 

20 and the Republic of Palau. 

21 ‘‘(ii) POVERTY LINE.—The term ‘pov22 erty line’ means the poverty line (as de23 fined by the Office of Management and 

24 Budget and revised annually in accordance 

25 with section 673(2) of the Community 
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1 Services Block Grant Act) applicable to a 

2 family of the size involved. 

3 ‘‘(iii) STATE.—The term ‘State’ 

4 means each of the several States of the 

5 United States, the District of Columbia, 

6 and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. 

7 ‘‘SEC. 404D. AUTHORIZED ACTIVITIES. 

8 ‘‘(a) USES OF FUNDS FOR PARTNERSHIPS.— 

9 ‘‘(1) COHORT APPROACH.— 

10 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 

11 require that eligible entities described in section 

12 404A(2)— 

13 ‘‘(i) provide services under this chap14 ter to at least 1 grade level of students, be15 ginning not later than 7th grade, in a par16 ticipating school that has a 7th grade and 

17 in which at least 50 percent of the stu18 dents enrolled are eligible for a free or re19 duced-price lunch under the Richard B. 

20 Russell National School Lunch Act (or, if 

21 an eligible entity determines that it would 

22 promote the effectiveness of a program, an 

23 entire grade level of students, beginning 

24 not later than the 7th grade, who reside in 

25 public housing as defined in section 3(b)(1) 
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1 of the United States Housing Act of 

2 1937); and 

3 ‘‘(ii) ensure that the services are pro4 vided through the 12th grade to students 

5 in the participating grade level. 

6 ‘‘(B) COORDINATION REQUIREMENT.—In 

7 carrying out subparagraph (A), the Secretary 

8 shall, where applicable, ensure that the cohort 

9 approach is done in coordination and collabora10 tion with existing early intervention programs 

11 and does not duplicate the services already pro12 vided to a school or community. 

13 ‘‘(2) MANDATORY ACTIVITIES.—In order to re14 ceive a grant under this chapter, an eligible entity 

15 described in section 404A(2) shall demonstrate to 

16 the satisfaction of the Secretary, in the plan sub17 mitted under section 404E, that the eligible entity 

18 will provide activities designed to ensure the sec19 ondary school completion and college enrollment of 

20 children at risk of dropping out of school, with a 

21 focus on providing access to rigorous core courses 

22 that reflect challenging academic standards. Such 

23 activities shall be designed so as to ensure systemic 

24 change in the school, so that future cohorts of chil-
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1 dren will benefit from the changes as well. Such ac2 tivities shall include— 

3 ‘‘(A) enrollment of participating students 

4 in a standard college preparation curriculum or, 

5 in the case of younger students, in a curriculum 

6 that logically articulates with a college prepara7 tion curriculum; 

8 ‘‘(B) professional development opportuni9 ties for instructors of college preparation class10 es; and 

11 ‘‘(C) funds for curriculum development re12 lated to the institution of college preparation 

13 classes. 

14 ‘‘(3) PERMISSIBLE ACTIVITIES.—In addition to 

15 the activities described in paragraph (1), an eligible 

16 entity described in section 404A(2) may provide 

17 other services or supports that are designed to en18 sure the secondary school completion and college en19 rollment of children at risk of dropping out of 

20 school, such as comprehensive mentoring, coun21 seling, outreach, and supportive services. Examples 

22 of activities that meet the requirements of the pre23 ceding sentence include the following: 

24 ‘‘(A) Providing participating students in el25 ementary school, middle school, or secondary 
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1 school through grade 12 with a continuing sys2 tem of mentoring and advising that— 

3 ‘‘(i) is coordinated with the Federal 

4 and State community service initiatives; 

5 and 

6 ‘‘(ii) may include such support serv7 ices as after school and summer tutoring, 

8 assistance in obtaining summer jobs, ca9 reer mentoring, and academic counseling. 

10 ‘‘(B) Requiring each student to enter into 

11 an agreement under which the student agrees 

12 to achieve certain academic milestones, such as 

13 completing a prescribed set of courses and 

14 maintaining satisfactory progress described in 

15 section 484(c), in exchange for receiving tuition 

16 assistance for a period of time to be established 

17 by each eligible entity. 

18 ‘‘(C) Activities such as the identification of 

19 children at risk of dropping out of school, vol20 unteer and parent involvement, providing 

21 former or current scholarship recipients as 

22 mentor or peer counselors, skills assessment, 

23 personal counseling, family counseling and 

24 home visits, and programs and activities that 

25 are specially designed for students of limited 
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1 English proficiency and students with disabil2 ities. 

3 ‘‘(D) Summer programs for individuals 

4 who are in their sophomore or junior years of 

5 secondary school or are planning to attend an 

6 institution of higher education in the succeeding 

7 academic year, that— 

8 ‘‘(i) are carried out at an institution 

9 of higher education which has programs of 

10 academic year supportive services for dis11 advantaged students through projects au12 thorized under section 402D or through 

13 comparable projects funded by the State or 

14 other sources; 

15 ‘‘(ii) provide for the participation of 

16 the individuals who are eligible for assist17 ance under section 402D or who are eligi18 ble for comparable programs funded by the 

19 State; 

20 ‘‘(iii)(I) provide summer instruction in 

21 remedial, developmental or supportive 

22 courses; 

23 ‘‘(II) provide such summer services as 

24 counseling, tutoring, or orientation; and 
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1 ‘‘(III) provide financial assistance to 

2 the individuals to cover the individuals’ 

3 summer costs for books, supplies, living 

4 costs, and personal expenses; and 

5 ‘‘(iv) provide the individuals with fi6 nancial assistance during each academic 

7 year the individuals are enrolled at the 

8 participating institution after the summer 

9 program. 

10 ‘‘(E) Requiring eligible students to meet 

11 other standards or requirements as the State 

12 determines necessary to meet the purposes of 

13 this section. 

14 ‘‘(F) Financial aid counseling and informa15 tion regarding the opportunities for financial 

16 assistance. 

17 ‘‘(G) Providing activities or information re18 garding— 

19 ‘‘(i) fostering and improving parent 

20 involvement in— 

21 ‘‘(I) promoting the advantages of 

22 a college education; 

23 ‘‘(II) academic admission re24 quirements; and 
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1 ‘‘(III) the need to take college 

2 preparation courses; 

3 ‘‘(ii) college admission and achieve4 ment tests; and 

5 ‘‘(iii) college application procedures. 

6 ‘‘(b) USE OF FUNDS FOR STATES.— 

7 ‘‘(1) MANDATORY ACTIVITIES.—In order to re8 ceive a grant under this chapter, an eligible entity 

9 described in section 404A(1) shall demonstrate to 

10 the satisfaction of the Secretary, in the plan sub11 mitted under section 404E, that the eligible entity 

12 will provide— 

13 ‘‘(A) policy leadership designed to promote 

14 the college readiness of students in the State, 

15 especially those who are at risk of dropping out 

16 of school and those who are economically dis17 advantaged; and 

18 ‘‘(B) if there are eligible entities in the 

19 State that received a grant under this chapter, 

20 services designed to promote coordination and 

21 information sharing among all such eligible en22 tities in the State. 

23 ‘‘(2) PERMISSIBLE ACTIVITIES.— 

24 ‘‘(A) POLICY LEADERSHIP.—In order to 

25 meet the requirements of paragraph (1)(A), an 
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1 eligible entity described in section 404A(1) may 

2 engage in the following activities: 

3 ‘‘(i) Developing a core curriculum of 

4 college preparatory classes that can be 

5 adopted by all State secondary schools. 

6 ‘‘(ii) Facilitating curriculum develop7 ment in individual schools where needed. 

8 ‘‘(iii) Supporting and creating profes9 sional development opportunities for teach10 ers in relation to the core curriculum. 

11 ‘‘(iv) Facilitating the alignment of 

12 kindergarten through grade 12 classes with 

13 the requirements for passing college en14 trance exams, and entering college without 

15 the need for remedial courses. 

16 ‘‘(v) Convening and consulting with 

17 groups of individuals and organizations 

18 that can provide input and expertise re19 lated to clauses (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv). 

20 ‘‘(vi) Developing a comprehensive, 

21 statewide database that can be used to 

22 track indicators of college readiness, and to 

23 track enrollment in and completion of col24 lege, among the secondary school students 

25 in the State. 
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1 ‘‘(vii) Other activities that will pro2 mote the college readiness of students in 

3 the State, especially students who are con4 sidered at risk for not completing sec5 ondary school. 

6 ‘‘(C) COORDINATION AND INFORMATION

7 SHARING.—In order to meet the requirements 

8 of paragraph (1)(B), an eligible entity described 

9 in section 404A(1) may engage in the following 

10 activities: 

11 ‘‘(i) Providing technical assistance 

12 and training for eligible entities described 

13 in section 404A(2) that receive a grant 

14 under this chapter. 

15 ‘‘(ii) Disseminating information about 

16 best practices among eligible entities de17 scribed in section 404A(2) that receive a 

18 grant under this chapter. 

19 ‘‘(iii) Providing eligible entities de20 scribed in section 404A(2) that receive a 

21 grant under this chapter with opportunities 

22 for coordinating their efforts and net23 working. 

24 ‘‘(iv) Assisting eligible entities de25 scribed in section 404A(2) that receive a 
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1 grant under this chapter in adopting a core 

2 curriculum and providing professional de3 velopment opportunities for teachers. 

4 ‘‘(v) Providing a centralized source of 

5 information, regarding college planning, 

6 college entrance requirements, and oppor7 tunities for financial aid, to students in the 

8 State. 

9 ‘‘(vi) Providing other services that 

10 promote and support the activities of eligi11 ble entities described in section 404A(2) in 

12 the State that receive a grant under this 

13 chapter. 

14 ‘‘(c) ALLOWABLE PROVIDERS.—In the case of eligible 

15 entities described in section 404A(1), the activities re16 quired by this section may be provided by service providers 

17 such as community-based organizations, schools, institu18 tions of higher education, public and private agencies, 

19 nonprofit and philanthropic organizations, businesses, in20 stitutions and agencies sponsoring programs authorized 

21 under subpart 4, and other organizations the State deter22 mines appropriate. 

23 ‘‘SEC. 404E. ELIGIBLE ENTITY PLANS. 

24 ‘‘(a) PLAN REQUIRED FOR ELIGIBILITY.— 
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1 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In order for an eligible en2 tity to receive a grant under this chapter, the eligible 

3 entity shall submit to the Secretary a plan for car4 rying out the program under this chapter. 

5 ‘‘(2) CONTENTS.—Each plan submitted pursu6 ant to paragraph (1) shall be in such form, contain 

7 or be accompanied by such information or assur8 ances, and be submitted at such time as the Sec9 retary may require by regulation. Each plan shall— 

10 ‘‘(A) describe the activities for which as11 sistance under this chapter is sought; and 

12 ‘‘(B) provide such assurances as the Sec13 retary determines necessary to ensure compli14 ance with the requirements of this chapter. 

15 ‘‘(3) ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PART16 NERSHIPS.—An eligible entity described in section 

17 404A(2) shall also include in its plan— 

18 ‘‘(A) a description of the college prepara19 tion curriculum that will be instituted; 

20 ‘‘(B) a description of all uses of funds; 

21 ‘‘(C) a description of how the funds pro22 vided under this chapter shall be used to affect 

23 systemic schoolwide change that will ensure 

24 that future cohorts of students will also benefit 

25 from the use of the grant funds; and 
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1 ‘‘(D) a needs analysis detailing the ways in 

2 which the funds provided under this chapter 

3 will be most profitably used to ensure the suc4 cess of curricular changes (for example, by 

5 spending such funds on professional develop6 ment, the purchase of curricular materials, or 

7 other activities). 

8 ‘‘(4) ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR

9 STATES.—An eligible entity described in section 

10 404A(1) shall also include in its plan— 

11 ‘‘(A) an assessment of the activities and 

12 programs most needed to enhance the college 

13 readiness of students in the State; 

14 ‘‘(B) a description of how the proposed ac15 tivities will enhance the college readiness of stu16 dents in the State; 

17 ‘‘(C) a description of how the State will en18 sure that students who are at risk of dropping 

19 out of school and those who are economically 

20 disadvantaged receive and benefit from the pro21 posed activities; and 

22 ‘‘(D) if applicable, a description of how the 

23 proposed activities will promote coordination 

24 and information-sharing among all eligible enti-
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1 ties in the State that receive a grant under this 

2 chapter. 

3 ‘‘(b) MATCHING REQUIREMENT.— 

4 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall not ap5 prove a plan submitted under subsection (a) unless 

6 such plan— 

7 ‘‘(A) provides that the eligible entity will 

8 provide, from State, local, institutional, or pri9 vate funds, not less than 50 percent of the cost 

10 of the program, which matching funds may be 

11 provided in cash or in kind; 

12 ‘‘(B) specifies the methods by which 

13 matching funds will be paid; and 

14 ‘‘(C) includes provisions designed to ensure 

15 that funds provided under this chapter shall 

16 supplement and not supplant funds expended 

17 for existing programs. 

18 ‘‘(2) SPECIAL RULE.—Notwithstanding the 

19 matching requirement described in paragraph 

20 (1)(A), the Secretary may modify, by regulation, the 

21 percentage requirement described in paragraph 

22 (1)(A) for eligible entities described in section 

23 404A(2). 

24 ‘‘(3) METHODS FOR COMPLYING WITH MATCH25 ING REQUIREMENT.—An eligible entity may count 
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1 toward the matching requirement described in sub2 section (b)(1)(A)— 

3 ‘‘(A) the amount of the financial assistance 

4 paid to students from State, local, institutional, 

5 or private funds under this chapter; 

6 ‘‘(B) the amount of tuition, fees, room or 

7 board waived or reduced for recipients of finan8 cial assistance under this chapter; and 

9 ‘‘(C) the amount expended on documented, 

10 targeted, long-term mentoring and counseling 

11 provided by volunteers or paid staff of non12 school organizations, including businesses, reli13 gious organizations, community groups, postsec14 ondary educational institutions, nonprofit and 

15 philanthropic organizations, and other organiza16 tions. 

17 ‘‘(c) PEER REVIEW PANELS.—The Secretary shall 

18 convene peer review panels to assist in making determina19 tions regarding the awarding of grants under this chapter. 

20 ‘‘SEC. 404F. REQUIREMENTS. 

21 ‘‘(a) COORDINATION.—Each eligible entity shall en22 sure that the activities assisted under this chapter are, to 

23 the extent practicable, coordinated with, and complement 

24 and enhance— 
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1 ‘‘(1) services under this chapter provided by 

2 other eligible entities serving the same school district 

3 or State; and 

4 ‘‘(2) related services under other Federal or 

5 non-Federal programs. 

6 ‘‘(b) DESIGNATION OF FISCAL AGENT.—An eligible 

7 entity described in section 404A(2) shall designate an in8 stitution of higher education or a local educational agency 

9 as the fiscal agent for the eligible entity for purposes of 

10 this chapter. 

11 ‘‘(c) COORDINATORS.—Each eligible entity described 

12 in section 404A(2) that receives a grant under this chap13 ter shall have a full-time program coordinator or a part14 time program coordinator, whose primary responsibility is 

15 to assist such eligible entity in carrying out the authorized 

16 activities described in section 404D(a). 

17 ‘‘(d) DISPLACEMENT.—An eligible entity described in 

18 404A(2) shall ensure that the activities assisted under this 

19 chapter will not displace an employee or eliminate a posi20 tion at a school assisted under this chapter, including a 

21 partial displacement such as a reduction in hours, wages, 

22 or employment benefits. 

23 ‘‘SEC. 404G. EVALUATION AND REPORT. 

24 ‘‘(a) EVALUATION.—Each eligible entity receiving a 

25 grant under this chapter shall biennially evaluate the ac-
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1 tivities assisted under this chapter in accordance with the 

2 standards described in subsection (b) and shall submit to 

3 the Secretary a copy of such evaluation. The evaluation 

4 shall permit service providers to track eligible student 

5 progress during the period such students are participating 

6 in the activities and shall be consistent with the standards 

7 developed by the Secretary pursuant to subsection (b). 

8 ‘‘(b) EVALUATION STANDARDS.—The Secretary shall 

9 prescribe standards for the evaluation described in sub10 section (a). Such standards shall— 

11 ‘‘(1) provide for input from eligible entities and 

12 service providers; and 

13 ‘‘(2) ensure that data protocols and procedures 

14 are consistent and uniform. 

15 ‘‘(c) FEDERAL EVALUATION.—In order to evaluate 

16 and improve the impact of the activities assisted under 

17 this chapter, the Secretary shall, from not more than 0.75 

18 percent of the funds appropriated under section 404H for 

19 a fiscal year, award 1 or more grants, contracts, or cooper20 ative agreements to or with public and private institutions 

21 and organizations, to enable the institutions and organiza22 tions to evaluate the effectiveness of the program and, as 

23 appropriate, disseminate the results of the evaluation. 

24 ‘‘(d) REPORT.—The Secretary shall biennially report 

25 to Congress regarding the activities assisted under this 
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1 chapter and the evaluations conducted pursuant to this 

2 section. 

3 ‘‘SEC. 404H. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

4 ‘‘There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out 

5 this chapter $400,000,000 for fiscal year 2006 and such 

6 sums as may be necessary for each of the 4 succeeding 

7 fiscal years.’’. 

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