NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE-171

Length-Weight Relationships

for 74 Fish Species Collected

during NEFSC Research Vessel

Bottom Trawl Surveys, 1992-99

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

National Marine Fisheries Service

Northeast Fisheries Science Center

Woods Hole, Massachusetts

March 2003
155. Food of Northwest Atlantic Fishes and Two Common Species of Squid. By Ray E. Bowman, Charles E. Stillwell, William

L. Michaels, and Marvin D. Grosslein. January 2000. xiv + 138 p., 1 fig., 7 tables, 2 app. NTIS Access. No. PB2000-106735.

156. Proceedings of the Summer Flounder Aging Workshop, 1-2 February 1999, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. By George

R. Bolz, James Patrick Monaghan, Jr., Kathy L. Lang, Randall W. Gregory, and Jay M. Burnett. May 2000. v + 15 p., 5 figs.,

5 tables. NTIS Access. No. PB2000-107403.

157. Contaminant Levels in Muscle of Four Species of Recreational Fish from the New York Bight Apex. By Ashok D.

Deshpande, Andrew F.J. Draxler, Vincent S. Zdanowicz, Mary E. Schrock, Anthony J. Paulson, Thomas W. Finneran, Beth

L. Sharack, Kathy Corbo, Linda Arlen, Elizabeth A. Leimburg, Bruce W. Dockum, Robert A. Pikanowski, Brian May, and

Lisa B. Rosman. June 2000. xxii + 99 p., 6 figs., 80 tables, 3 app., glossary. NTIS Access. No. PB2001-107346.

158. A Framework for Monitoring and Assessing Socioeconomics and Governance of Large Marine Ecosystems. By

Jon G. Sutinen, editor, with contributors (listed alphabetically) Patricia Clay, Christopher L. Dyer, Steven F. Edwards, John

Gates, Tom A. Grigalunas, Timothy Hennessey, Lawrence Juda, Andrew W. Kitts, Philip N. Logan, John J. Poggie, Jr.,

Barbara Pollard Rountree, Scott R. Steinback, Eric M. Thunberg, Harold F. Upton, and John B. Walden. August 2000. v

+ 32 p., 4 figs., 1 table, glossary. NTIS Access. No. PB2001-106847.

159. An Overview and History of the Food Web Dynamics Program of the Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods

Hole, Massachusetts. By Jason S. Link and Frank P. Almeida. October 2000. iv + 60 p., 20 figs., 18 tables, 1 app. NTIS

Access. No. PB2001-103996.

160. Measuring Technical Efficiency and Capacity in Fisheries by Data Envelopment Analysis Using the General

Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS): A Workbook. By John B. Walden and James E. Kirkley. October 2000. iii + 15 p.,

9 figs., 5 tables. NTIS Access. No. PB2001-106502.

161. Demersal Fish and American Lobster Diets in the Lower Hudson - Raritan Estuary. By Frank W. Steimle, Robert

A. Pikanowski, Donald G. McMillan, Christine A. Zetlin, and Stuart J. Wilk. November 2000. vii + 106 p., 24 figs., 51 tables.

NTIS Access. No. PB2002-105456.

162. U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Marine Mammal Stock Assessments – 2000. Edited by Gordon T. Waring, Janeen

M. Quintal, and Steven L. Swartz, with contributions from (listed alphabetically) Neilo B. Barros, Phillip J. Clapham, Timothy

V.N. Cole, Carol P. Fairfield, Larry J. Hansen, Keith D. Mullin, Daniel K. Odell, Debra L. Palka, Marjorie C. Rossman, U.S.

Fish and Wildlife Service, Randall S. Wells, and Cynthia Yeung. November 2000. ix + 303 p., 43 figs., 55 tables, 3 app. NTIS

Access. No. PB2001-104091.

163. Essential Fish Habitat Source Document: Red Deepsea Crab, Chaceon (Geryon) quinquedens, Life History and

Habitat Characteristics. By Frank W. Steimle, Christine A. Zetlin, and Sukwoo Chang. January 2001. v + 27 p., 8 figs.,

1 table. NTIS Access. No. PB2001-103542.

164. An Overview of the Social and Economic Survey Administered during Round II of the Northeast Multispecies Fishery

Disaster Assistance Program. By Julia Olson and Patricia M. Clay. December 2001. v + 69 p., 3 figs., 18 tables, 2 app.

NTIS Access. No. PB2002-105406.

165. A Baseline Socioeconomic Study of Massachusetts’ Marine Recreational Fisheries. By Ronald J. Salz, David K.

Loomis, Michael R. Ross, and Scott R. Steinback. December 2001. viii + 129 p., 1 fig., 81 tables, 4 app. NTIS Access. No.

PB2002-108348.

166. Report on the Third Northwest Atlantic Herring Acoustic Workshop, University of Maine Darling Marine Center,

Walpole, Maine, March 13-14, 2001. By William L. Michaels, editor and coconvenor, and Philip Yund, coconvenor.

December 2001. iv + 18 p., 14 figs., 2 app. NTIS Access. No. PB2003-101556.

Recent Issues in This Series:
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Donald L. Evans, Secretary

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Vice Admiral Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Jr., USN (ret.), Administrator

National Marine Fisheries Service

William T. Hogarth, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries

Northeast Fisheries Science Center

Woods Hole, Massachusetts

March 2003

Susan E. Wigley, Holly M. McBride, and Nancy J. McHugh

National Marine Fisheries Serv., Woods Hole Lab., 166 Water St., Woods Hole, MA 02543

This series represents a secondary level of scientific publishing. All issues employ

thorough internal scientific review; some issues employ external scientific review.

Reviews are -- by design -- transparent collegial reviews, not anonymous peer

reviews. All issues may be cited in formal scientific communications.

NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE-171

Length-Weight Relationships for 74 Fish Species

Collected during NEFSC Research Vessel

Bottom Trawl Surveys, 1992-99
Editorial Notes

Species Names: The NEFSC Editorial Office’s policy on the use of species names in all technical communications is

generally to follow the American Fisheries Society’s lists of scientific and common names for fishes (i.e., Robins et al.

1991a), mollusks (i.e., Turgeon et al. 1998b), and decapod crustaceans (i.e., Williams et al. 1989c), and to follow the Society

for Marine Mammalogy's guidance on scientific and common names for marine mammals (i.e., Rice 1998d

). Exceptions to

this policy occur when there are subsequent compelling revisions in the classifications of species, resulting in changes

in the names of species (e.g., Cooper and Chapleau 1998e, McEachran and Dunn 1998f).

Statistical Terms: The NEFSC Editorial Office’s policy on the use of statistical terms in all technical communications is

generally to follow the International Standards Organization’s handbook of statistical methods (i.e., ISO 1981g

).

Internet Availability: This issue of the NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE series is being copublished, i.e., as

both a paper and Web document. The Web document, which will be in HTML (and thus searchable) and PDF formats,

can be accessed at: http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/nefsc/publications/.

a

Robins, C.R. (chair); Bailey, R.M.; Bond, C.E.; Brooker, J.R.; Lachner, E.A.; Lea, R.N.; Scott, W.B. 1991. Common and scientific names

of fishes from the United States and Canada. 5th ed. Amer. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. 20; 183 p.

b

Turgeon, D.D. (chair); Quinn, J.F., Jr.; Bogan, A.E.; Coan, E.V.; Hochberg, F.G.; Lyons, W.G.; Mikkelsen, P.M.; Neves, R.J.; Roper, C.F.E.;

Rosenberg, G.; Roth, B.; Scheltema, A.; Thompson, F.G.; Vecchione, M.; Williams, J.D. 1998. Common and scientific names of aquatic

invertebrates from the United States and Canada: mollusks. 2nd ed. Amer. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. 26; 526 p.

c

Williams, A.B. (chair); Abele, L.G.; Felder, D.L.; Hobbs, H.H., Jr.; Manning, R.B.; McLaughlin, P.A.; Pérez Farfante, I. 1989. Common

and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: decapod crustaceans. Amer. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. 17;

77 p.

d

Rice, D.W. 1998. Marine mammals of the world: systematics and distribution. Soc. Mar. Mammal. Spec. Publ. 4; 231 p.

e

Cooper, J.A.; Chapleau, F. 1998. Monophyly and interrelationships of the family Pleuronectidae (Pleuronectiformes), with a revised

classification. Fish. Bull. (U.S.) 96:686-726.

f

McEachran, J.D.; Dunn, K.A. 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs

(Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290.

g

ISO [International Organization for Standardization]. 1981. ISO standards handbook 3: statistical methods. 2nd ed. Geneva, Switzerland:

ISO; 449 p.
Page iii

Contents

Abstract .............................................................................................................................................................................. v

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1

Methods ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1

Data Sources ........................................................................................................................................................ 1

Length-Weight Parameters ................................................................................................................................... 1

Length Ranges ..................................................................................................................................................... 2

Results ................................................................................................................................................................................ 2

Length-Weight Parameters ................................................................................................................................... 2

Length Ranges ..................................................................................................................................................... 3

Discussion .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3

Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................................................................. 3

References Cited ................................................................................................................................................................. 4

Tables

Table 1. Sample size, length range, length-weight parameter estimates and the standard deviations (standard errors)

of those estimates, standard error of the weight estimate, and regression correlation coefficient for 74 fish

species, by season or seasonal groups and by gender ........................................................................................ 5

Table 2. Comparison of length ranges and minimum and maximum lengths used in this study to those observed on

NEFSC bottom trawl surveys during 1963-99, including differences in the minimum and maximum lengths

relative to the 1963-99 values, and the ratios of this study’s ranges divided by the 1963-99 surveys’

ranges ..................................................................................................................................................................13

Table 3. Minimum and maximum lengths observed for species collected during 1963-99 NEFSC bottom trawl surveys,

by gender ............................................................................................................................................................15

Figures

Figure 1. The continental shelf region from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Nova Scotia surveyed during the NEFSC

winter, spring, and autumn bottom trawl surveys ................................................................................................ vi

Acronyms

FSCS = Fisheries Scientific Computer System

NEFSC = Northeast Fisheries Science Center

NODC = National Oceanographic Data Center

Page v

ABSTRACT

This study is the first comprehensive examination of spatially and temporally synoptic length-weight observations

collected along the Northeast coast of the United States during the Northeast Fisheries Science Center’s (NEFSC’s) research

vessel winter, spring, and autumn bottom trawl surveys from 1992 to 1999. Linear regression using natural logarithmic

transformation data was performed to calculate a and b coefficients. Analysis of covariance was used to test for seasonal

and gender differences. Length-weight parameters were calculated for 74 fish species: 39 species showed seasonal differences, and 28 species showed gender differences. Minimum and maximum length observations for the first 37 years of the

time series (i.e., 1963-99) of NEFSC research vessel bottom trawl surveys are also presented. Results from this study can be

used within the “real-time” auditing of length-weight data collected by the Fisheries Scientific Computer System, the NEFSC’s

at-sea electronic data acquisition system.

Keywords: length-weight relationship, groundfish, demersal fish
Page vi

Figure 1. The continental shelf region from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Nova Scotia surveyed during the NEFSC

winter, spring, and autumn bottom trawl surveys.
Page 1

INTRODUCTION

At the Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC),

length-weight parameters are routinely used in the estimation of numbers of fish landed in order to estimate fishery

removals for stock assessments (e.g., see Wigley and

Serchuk 1992). Additionally, length-weight relationships

have been used in the auditing of NEFSC research vessel

survey catch and biological data. However, many of the

length-weight parameter values currently being used in the

audit applications were derived from studies with limited

sample sizes, combined genders, incomplete length ranges,

restricted seasonal and/or geographical coverage, or, in

many cases, from studies of unknown origin. Since the

advent of recording individual fish weight during NEFSC

bottom trawl surveys in 1992, numerous spatially and temporally synoptic length-weight observations have been

obtained. This study is the first comprehensive examination of these data to update the length-weight parameters.

A consideration for updating these length-weight parameters is their use in the NEFSC’s survey auditing procedures. Those procedures use length-weight equations at

two levels: the species catch level and the individual fish

level. At the species catch level, the audit calculates a

derived weight for the catch based upon the length frequency of the catch, and compares that derived weight with

the observed weight of the catch. At the individual fish

level, the audit compares the derived weight of the individual fish with the observed weight of that individual.

Updated parameters, especially those sensitive to gender

and seasonal differences, could improve the effectiveness

of the auditing procedures.

Another consideration for updating the length-weight

parameters is the recent implementation of the Fisheries

Scientific Computer System (FSCS), an at-sea electronic data

acquisition system on board NEFSC research vessels.

Within this system, data (i.e., lengths and weights) are digitally recorded, thus enabling real-time auditing of these data

using a length-weight equation during the data collection

phase. When observed weights deviate from predicted

weights, the FSCS produces an error message requiring a

manual override which, in turn, slows down data collection.

Updated parameters could minimize error messages within

the FSCS for those species for which current length-weight

relationships are problematic.

METHODS

DATA SOURCES

The NEFSC has conducted research vessel bottom trawl

surveys to assess the distribution and relative abundance

of groundfish along the east coast of the United States

during the past three decades (Grosslein 1969; Azarovitz

1981). The survey employs a stratified random sampling

design with tows at depths ranging from 5 to 366 meters.

Geographic coverage of the spring and autumn surveys is

from Cape Hatteras to Nova Scotia, and the winter survey

from Cape Hatteras to the southern flank of Georges Bank

(Figure 1).

Beginning in 1992, biological sampling procedures were

expanded to include recording individual fish weight, in

addition to recording the fish’s length, gender, and maturity

stage. Aboard ship, the fish are measured live or freshly

killed to the nearest centimeter (total length or fork length,

depending on the species, except for rays, where disk width

is measured from wing tip to wing tip), and weighed (whole

fish) to the nearest 0.001 kg. Gender and maturity stage of

the fish are examined macroscopically and recorded into

the following categories: 1) unsexed, male, or female; and 2)

immature, developing, ripe, ripe & running, spent, or resting (Burnett et al. 1989).

Although many species exhibit dimorphoric growth by

sex, the survey procedures for measuring and enumerating

fish is, for the most part, conducted at an unsexed species

level. However, a few exceptions occur for those species

for which gender can be determined from external physical

characteristics. Length data by species and gender are

collected for spiny dogfish, smooth dogfish, American lobsters, and various crab species. Common and scientific

names used throughout this study are in accordance with

those endorsed by the American Fisheries Society (Williams et al. 1989; Robins et al. 1991; Turgeon et al. 1998),

with the exception of some flounders (Cooper and Chapleau

1998) and rays (McEachran and Dunn 1998) which have

undergone subsequent systematic revision.

Species for which five or more length-weight observations existed were analyzed in this study. For most species,

data from two or three seasons were available; however, for

a few species, a limited number of observations were available for a single season. Due to the limited geographic

coverage of the winter survey, data from the winter surveys

were excluded from analyses for several species, such as

Acadian redfish, whose primary distribution occurs within

the Gulf of Maine.

LENGTH-WEIGHT PARAMETERS

Length and weight observations were transformed using natural logarithms, and were plotted for visual inspection of outliers. Only extreme outliers attributed to data

error were omitted from the analyses.

Where sufficient data were available, analysis of covariance (i.e., test for homogeneity of slopes) was performed

using PROC GLM (SAS Institute1985) to detect significant

differences (P <0.05) between season and gender. Since

the NEFSC species audit compares observed catch weight

with predicted catch weight based on the length frequency

of observed fish, the first task was to test for seasonal

differences in length-weight parameters for each species
Page 2

(with genders combined). Further exploration of the data

was then conducted to determine if gender differences existed within seasonal group. Length-weight parameters

were estimated by gender within a seasonal group as appropriate, according to the following linear regression using PROC REG (SAS Institute 1985):

ln W = ln a + b ln L

where W = weight (kg), L = length (cm), a = y-intercept, and

b = slope.

Residuals from the linear regressions were plotted and

visually inspected for trends. Since raw data for existing

length-weight relationships were not available for more rigorous statistical analysis, comparisons with length-weight

relationships derived in this study were performed as follows: 1) 95% confidence intervals were derived for each

length-weight relationship; 2) significant differences occurred if the predicted weights from the existing relationship fell outside the 95% confidence interval of the new

length-weight relationship.

LENGTH RANGES

To evaluate whether the 1992-99 data used in this study

to derive length-weight relationships were representative

of the length ranges available to the survey for each species, historical observations of minimum and maximum

lengths collected during NEFSC spring, autumn, and winter

research vessel bottom trawl surveys from 1963 to 1999

were updated and compared to minimum and maximum

lengths in this study. Additionally, range ratios were calculated by dividing the study length range by the historical

length range.

The update of these length ranges was expanded beyond the 74 species in this study to include all species

sampled during the surveys. This updated information can

be utilized as part of the real-time audit of length measurements within the FSCS.

RESULTS

LENGTH-WEIGHT PARAMETERS

Between 1992 and 1999, a total of 24 NEFSC research

vessel bottom trawl surveys were conducted, during which

242,693 individual fish length and weight observations were

recorded for the 74 fish species (comprising 2 classes, 9

orders, and 35 families) analyzed in this study. Sample sizes

ranged from six for greater amberjack, northern kingfish,

and smooth butterfly ray, to 26,590 for spiny dogfish (Table

1). In Table 1 and all subsequent tables, species are ordered

according to the National Oceanographic Data Center

(NODC) taxonomic code.

For 19 species, data were not available for multiple seasons, precluding seasonal analyses for those species. Of

the remaining 55 species, 16 did not exhibit significantly

different (P <0.05) length-weight relationships by season;

39 did. For four species (i.e., round herring, Atlantic thread

herring, Atlantic spadefish and buckler dory), data were not

available on gender, precluding gender analyses for these

species. Of the remaining 70 species, 28 had significantly

different length-weight relationships by gender; 42 did not.

Sample sizes, length ranges, length-weight parameter estimates and the standard deviations (standard errors) of those

estimates, standard errors of the weight estimates, and regression correlation coefficients are presented in Table 1

by species for appropriate season or seasonal groups and

for gender.

Although residual patterns generally showed no trend,

a few exceptions should be noted. For some species, residual patterns (either positive or negative) existed for

smaller fish, and may relate to the sensitivity of the Marel

weighing scales in open-deck environments and/or recorder

bias in determining a true weight during scale fluctuations

in heavy seas. Small sea ravens exhibited negative residuals, which might be attributed to some size specificity in the

characteristic behavior of this species to “gulp” water when

captured. The analysis of bluefish in the spring revealed a

pattern in which residuals were negative at smaller sizes

and became positive at larger sizes; although this pattern

would normally result in rejection of the regression, the

analysis was retained due to the possibility that fish greater

than 40 cm (the length around which the residuals pivoted)

collected in the southern portion of the survey might be

reproductively active and therefore include the weight of

the maturing gonad. Scup exhibited a funnel-shaped residual pattern, with decreasing deviation as fish length increased; this pattern may be related to the log-log transformation model used in the study (Pienaar and Thomson 1969).

Comparisons of length-weight relationships established

by this study with those currently used in the NEFSC auditing process indicated no significant differences at the catch

level (genders combined) for 42 of 74 species. However,

there were nine instances in which the weights predicted

by the current length-weight relationships fell entirely outside of the 95% confidence intervals of the weights predicted by this study. These species were: chain dogfish,

rosette skate, southern stingray, bluntnose stingray,

cownose ray, Atlantic thread herring, fawn cusk-eel, Atlantic spadefish, and spot. For Atlantic angel shark, predicted

weights from the current relationship for intermediate-sized

fish occurred within the confidence interval, but those for

smaller- and larger-sized fish did not. There were five species for which predicted weights from the current relationship were significantly different for larger fish (i.e., Atlantic

sturgeon, round herring, Atlantic herring, greater amberjack, and cunner), and 17 species for which smaller fish

were problematic (i.e., spiny butterfly ray, Atlantic sharpnose

shark, smooth dogfish, spiny dogfish, clearnose skate, Spanish sardine, red hake, alewife, cusk, silver hake, Acadian
Page 3

redfish, bluefish, black sea bass, scup, southern kingfish,

fourspot flounder, and witch flounder).

There were seven species for which gender-specific

predicted weights from the current length-weight relationship were significantly different from gender-specific predicted weights in this study (i.e., rosette skate, red hake,

white hake, Acadian redfish, striped bass, weakfish, and

yellowtail flounder). No comparisons were possible for the

seven species for which no current gender-specific relationship existed (i.e., clearnose skate, little skate, winter

skate, spiny butterfly ray, longhorn sculpin, ocean pout,

and sea raven).

LENGTH RANGES

Generally, the length ranges used to derive lengthweight relationships in this study represented a significant

proportion of the ranges which have been historically observed, as evidenced by an all-species average range ratio

of 72% (Table 2). For 14 species, range ratios were below

0.50, suggesting that the length ranges utilized in this study

may not have represented the historically observed length

range. However, for 10 of those 14 species, sample sizes

were quite small (i.e., Atlantic torpedo ray, smooth butterfly

ray, Atlantic sturgeon, alewife, northern searobin, greater

amberjack, vermilion snapper, northern kingfish, Atlantic

spadefish, and tautog). There appeared to be adequate

sample sizes for the remaining four species with range ratios below 0.50, but larger-sized specimens of those species

were noticeably absent from the study data set (i.e., Atlantic sharpnose shark, Spanish sardine, fawn cusk-eel, and

Spanish mackerel; Table 2).

The observed minimum and maximum lengths (cm) for

all species measured during NEFSC bottom trawl surveys

since 1963 are summarized in Table 3. Approximately 2.83

million lengths have been obtained from species comprising 9 phyla, 25 classes, 89 orders, and 171 families. For

species which are sorted by gender during the survey (e.g.,

spiny dogfish, American lobster), length values for males,

females, and unknown genders are reported in Table 3.

DISCUSSION

Zar (1968), Glass (1969), and more recently Hayes et al.

(1995) presented information supporting the use of nonlinear least-squares regression techniques for allometric modeling; however, Xiao and Ramm (1994) concluded that the

use of log-transformed data was appropriate for describing

length-weight relationships in fishes. In this study, the

small sample sizes associated with several species were

potentially problematic with respect to asymptotic variance

properties of nonlinear regression. Our choice of an allometric model was practical; linear regression using log-log

transformed data facilitated statistical comparisons of gender and seasonal relationships, and allowed a single method

to be applied to all species within the study, regardless of

sample size.

Length-weight relationships derived in this study generally compare favorably with those of other published studies. For 35 of 78 species analyzed by Wilk et al. (1978)

which were also examined in this study, only the relationship for fawn cusk-eel was significantly different. While

this might be attributed to the larger sample size and greater

size range available to Wilk et al. (1978), the use of the Wilk

et al. (1978) relationship within the FSCS during the NEFSC

spring 2001 bottom trawl survey resulted in numerous realtime audit messages indicating an erroneous weight for a

given length. When the parameters derived in this study

were substituted into FSCS, these error conditions were

eliminated for subsequent fawn cusk-eel samples.

There were also no apparent differences between lengthweight relationships for four of the six flatfish species derived by Lux (1969) and the relationships derived by this

study; differences for witch and fourspot flounders may be

related to the restricted geographical range of Lux’s (1969)

samples. This similarity in relationships is somewhat remarkable given the difficulties in obtaining accurate fish

weights at sea prior to the development of modern electronic motion-compensated scales. Wilk et al. (1978) froze

fish at sea and obtained thawed weights back at the laboratory, while Lux (1969) weighed his samples at sea with handheld spring scales. This similarity in findings suggests

both the diligence of these investigators as well as the underlying robustness of fish length-weight relationships to

measurement error.

In summary, this study updates length-weight parameters for many species routinely encountered during NEFSC

bottom trawl surveys, utilizing uniform methods and modern scale technology. The availability of whole live body

weight from sexed fish collected across seasonal surveys

takes into account annual cycles of fish feeding and reproduction, allowing derivation of length-weight relationships

at the gender and/or season level. Analysis of these data

provided insights into areas, such as length range or sample

size for some species, in which additional sampling can be

targeted in future surveys. The length-weight relationships

derived in this study also support the improved processing

of survey data within the recently-implemented FSCS environment, providing critical fishery independent data in a

more timely fashion.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We wish to express our appreciation to the sea-going

scientific staff of the NEFSC who diligently collected the

biological observations used in this study. We thank the

anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and review of this manuscript.
Page 4

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1120.
 Page 5

Table 1. Sample size, length range (cm), length-weight parameter estimates (a and b) and the standard deviations (standard errors)

of those estimates (sa and sb), standard error of the weight estimate (sW), and regression correlation coefficient (r

2

) for 74 fish

species, by season or seasonal groups and by gender (“Unsexed” = gender not specified; “Combined” = unsexed, males, and

females). (Species are ordered by NODC taxonomic code.)

Species

Season 

or

Seasonal

Group

Gender N

Length

Range

(cm) ln a sa b sb sW r2

Sand tiger

Odontaspis taurus

Autumn Combined 15 150-260 -13.4887 1.0581 3.2927 0.1984 0.1169 0.9549

Chain dogfish

Scyliorhinus retifer

Win/Aut Combined 80 10-45 -12.9053 0.2401 3.1282 0.0667 0.1490 0.9658

Male 55 18-45 -12.2155 0.3924 2.9322 0.1077 0.1498 0.9332

Female 25 10-43 -13.5677 0.2266 3.3321 0.0645 0.1065 0.9915

Atlantic sharpnose shark

Rhizoprionodon terraenovae

Autumn Combined 101 50-100 -12.8361 0.2955 3.1069 0.0665 0.0801 0.9566

Smooth dogfish

Mustelus canis

Autumn Combined 1679 40-135 -12.5532 0.0449 3.0006 0.0103 0.1108 0.9808

Male 872 40-112 -12.3265 0.0588 2.9436 0.0135 0.0974 0.9821

Female 807 44-135 -12.7087 0.0646 3.0415 0.0147 0.1179 0.9815

Spring Combined 508 52-126 -13.3913 0.1346 3.1641 0.0301 0.1307 0.9563

Male 296 52-115 -13.1021 0.1710 3.0918 0.0381 0.1135 0.9573

Female 212 54-126 -13.7926 0.1921 3.2652 0.0431 0.1352 0.9647

Winter Combined 357 47-150 -13.7444 0.1290 3.2538 0.0290 0.1368 0.9726

Male 158 51-112 -12.7517 0.1422 3.0164 0.0323 0.0943 0.9824

Female 199 47-150 -14.1554 0.1754 3.3543 0.0391 0.1410 0.9740

Sandbar shark

Carcharhinus plumbeus

Spr/Aut Combined 34 63-174 -12.6740 0.2798 3.1706 0.0620 0.1222 0.9879

Spiny dogfish

Squalus acanthias

Autumn Combined 6986 22-106 -12.6733 0.0256 3.0596 0.0061 0.1220 0.9728

Male 3117 23-90 -12.3144 0.0378 2.9651 0.0091 0.1141 0.9716

Female 3869 22-106 -12.8210 0.0328 3.1012 0.0078 0.1194 0.9762

Spring Combined 12070 13-114 -13.2302 0.0211 3.1863 0.0050 0.1376 0.9714

Male 4676 20-91 -12.5455 0.0301 3.0075 0.0072 0.1196 0.9738

Female 7393 13-114 -13.4073 0.0256 3.2369 0.0060 0.1297 0.9751

Winter Combined 7534 22-109 -13.0195 0.0245 3.1231 0.0058 0.1266 0.9745

Male 3691 22-94 -12.4979 0.0321 2.9871 0.0076 0.1049 0.9766

Female 3843 22-109 -13.3403 0.0303 3.2108 0.0072 0.1211 0.9811

Atlantic angel shark

Squatina dumeril

Autumn Combined 17 35-120 -12.1783 0.2064 3.1420 0.0485 0.0916 0.9964

Win/Spr Combined 53 32-84 -11.5279 0.2434 2.9556 0.0605 0.1051 0.9791

Atlantic torpedo ray

Torpedo nobiliana

Autumn Combined 7 71-102 -14.4803 2.1196 3.8164 0.4790 0.1339 0.9270
 Page 6

Species

Season 

or

Seasonal

Group

Gender N

Length

Range

(cm) ln a sa b sb sW r2

Clearnose skate

Raja eglanteria

Win/Spr/Aut Combined 99 22-71 -13.8683 0.2567 3.4235 0.0638 0.1446 0.9674

Male 38 37-68 -14.1912 0.4826 3.4918 0.1193 0.1091 0.9597

Female 59 22-71 -13.8600 0.3105 3.4291 0.0774 0.1596 0.9718

Little skate

Leucoraja erinacea

Winter Combined 4196 10-54 -12.4971 0.0335 3.1310 0.0091 0.1402 0.9656

Male 1989 10-54 -12.4489 0.0482 3.1110 0.0131 0.1399 0.9659

Female 2177 11-53 -12.5822 0.0459 3.1604 0.0125 0.1362 0.9670

Spring Combined 5897 8-59 -12.4462 0.0237 3.1280 0.0066 0.1507 0.9747

Male 2610 9-57 -12.3175 0.0323 3.0842 0.0089 0.1384 0.9788

Female 3253 8-59 -12.6115 0.0334 3.1805 0.0093 0.1494 0.9732

Autumn Combined 3555 6-63 -12.6020 0.0273 3.1567 0.0075 0.1309 0.9806

Male 1559 10-63 -12.5172 0.0375 3.1247 0.0103 0.1265 0.9834

Female 1971 6-60 -12.6889 0.0381 3.1872 0.0104 0.1271 0.9796

Barndoor skate

Dipturus laevis

Win/Aut Combined 67 23-121 -13.3224 0.1289 3.2919 0.0325 0.1063 0.9936

Winter skate

Leucoraja ocellata

Winter Combined 2037 13-106 -13.0892 0.0353 3.3111 0.0089 0.1214 0.9855

Male 1015 20-106 -13.0672 0.0466 3.3029 0.0116 0.1185 0.9877

Female 1004 16-91 -13.2020 0.0571 3.3428 0.0146 0.1233 0.9811

Spring Combined 3058 13-106 -13.0088 0.0329 3.2993 0.0083 0.1293 0.9810

Male 1286 16-106 -12.9598 0.0462 3.2819 0.0116 0.1256 0.9843

Female 1760 13-98 -13.1083 0.0464 3.3285 0.0118 0.1299 0.9783

Autumn Combined 2754 14-111 -13.1531 0.0302 3.3199 0.0075 0.1177 0.9861

Male 1161 14-111 -13.0591 0.0417 3.2904 0.0103 0.1178 0.9888

Female 1583 16-100 -13.3419 0.0430 3.3719 0.0108 0.1133 0.9841

Rosette skate

Leucoraja garmani

Spring Combined 10 32-43 -13.6734 1.6389 3.3526 0.4508 0.1003 0.8737

Autumn Combined 22 14-42 -12.5504 0.2384 3.0718 0.0690 0.1086 0.9900

Male 11 14-42 -12.4771 0.1835 3.0307 0.0537 0.0607 0.9972

Female 11 15-42 -12.4737 0.3467 3.0688 0.0993 0.1073 0.9907

Smooth skate

Malacoraja senta

Spring Combined 60 18-65 -12.5408 0.2045 3.0655 0.0553 0.1322 0.9815

Autumn Combined 72 15-62 -13.0139 0.1306 3.1812 0.0352 0.1039 0.9915

Thorny skate

Amblyraja radiata

Win/Spr/Aut Combined 1044 10-105 -12.0880 0.0363 3.1197 0.0096 0.1521 0.9902

Southern stingray a

Dasyatis americana

Spr/Aut Combined 10 45-100 -10.9402 0.3289 3.1428 0.0802 0.0558 0.9948

Roughtail stingray a

Dasyatis centroura

Autumn Combined 27 36-155 -10.3320 0.0582 3.0222 0.0520 0.1632 0.9908
 Page 7

Species

Season 

or

Seasonal

Group

Gender N

Length

Range

(cm) ln a sa b sb sW r2

Bluntnose stingray a

Dasyatis say

Autumn Combined 149 18-104 -10.8751 0.0944 3.2275 0.0247 0.1295 0.9915

Spring Combined 7 39-103 -10.5372 0.1955 3.0527 0.0453 0.0422 0.9989

Spiny butterfly ray a

Gymnura altavela

Spring Combined 16 52-187 -13.0635 0.3636 3.3060 0.0783 0.1336 0.9922

Autumn Combined 67 38-210 -12.4197 0.1267 3.1787 0.0281 0.0906 0.9949

Smooth butterfly ray a

Gymnura micrura

Autumn Combined 6 40-84 -11.7989 0.4536 3.0742 0.1104 0.0820 0.9949

Bullnose ray a

Myliobatis freminvillei

Autumn Combined 222 28-129 -12.1806 0.0768 3.2885 0.0195 0.0944 0.9923

Cownose ray a

Rhinoptera bonasus

Autumn Combined 78 34-103 -11.8649 0.1821 3.2327 0.0464 0.0754 0.9846

Spring Combined 5 43-51 -7.8039 0.8913 2.0958 0.2308 0.0309 0.9649

Atlantic sturgeon

Acipenser oxyrhynchus

Spr/Aut Combined 9 84-159 -14.2902 0.5509 3.4547 0.1164 0.0821 0.9921

American shad

Alosa sapidissima

Spr/Aut Combined 120 8-53 -12.1377 0.1419 3.2207 0.0427 0.1792 0.9797

Blueback herring

Alosa aestivalis

Spring Combined 102 7-29 -12.2146 0.1375 3.2428 0.0472 0.1332 0.9792

Alewife

Alosa pseudoharengus

Spr/Aut Combined 20 10-27 -13.3875 0.5321 3.6716 0.1796 0.1936 0.9587

Atlantic herring

Clupea harengus

Autumn Combined 3779 4-34 -11.5760 0.0391 2.9794 0.0123 0.1314 0.9400

Male 1908 10-34 -11.3460 0.0575 2.9055 0.0180 0.1235 0.9318

Female 1812 11-34 -11.6549 0.0660 3.0065 0.0206 0.1365 0.9220

Spring Combined 7101 5-37 -11.7972 0.0217 3.0314 0.0070 0.1345 0.9636

Male 3244 10-37 -11.5442 0.0336 2.9545 0.0107 0.1219 0.9590

Female 3384 10-34 -11.5600 0.0322 2.9570 0.0103 0.1270 0.9607

Winter Combined 2126 8-33 -11.2575 0.0455 2.8559 0.0144 0.1303 0.9486

Round herring

Etrumeus teres

Autumn Unsexed 313 11-20 -11.4756 0.1509 2.9645 0.0573 0.1167 0.8959

Atlantic thread herring

Opisthonema oglinum

Autumn Unsexed 102 5-18 -12.9785 0.1083 3.7242 0.0426 0.1780 0.9871

Spanish sardine

Sardinella aurita

Autumn Combined 98 8-18 -11.8132 0.2994 3.1463 0.1254 0.1390 0.8678

Goosefish

Lophius americanus

Autumn Combined 961 5-98 -10.7106 0.0404 2.9227 0.0118 0.2007 0.9845

Win/Spr Combined 2850 9-101 -10.7668 0.0334 2.9302 0.0092 0.1900 0.9728

Male 1427 10-74 -10.5530 0.0504 2.8696 0.0138 0.1813 0.9681

Female 1356 11-101 -10.8690 0.0494 2.9608 0.0135 0.1957 0.9726
 Page 8

Species

Season 

or

Seasonal

Group

Gender N

Length

Range

(cm) ln a sa b sb sW r2

Atlantic cod

Gadus morhua

Winter Combined 755 13-116 -11.7677 0.0411 3.0527 0.0104 0.1065 0.9913

Spring Combined 3206 4-141 -11.7803 0.0177 3.0606 0.0045 0.1187 0.9930

Autumn Combined 3078 4-120 -11.9920 0.0180 3.1262 0.0047 0.1087 0.9931

Pollock

Pollachius virens

Autumn Combined 1097 13-112 -11.8353 0.0316 3.1151 0.0086 0.1099 0.9917

Win/Spr Combined 1144 13-105 -11.9004 0.0228 3.1024 0.0062 0.1101 0.9954

Red hake

Urophycis chuss

Winter Combined 1391 3-54 -12.2601 0.0295 3.0661 0.0092 0.1703 0.9877

Male 490 7-39 -12.1244 0.0753 3.0164 0.0232 0.1339 0.9719

Female 720 7-54 -12.4700 0.0562 3.1338 0.0165 0.1258 0.9804

Spring Combined 4967 3-58 -12.3743 0.0151 3.0979 0.0046 0.1395 0.9893

Male 2152 6-52 -12.4431 0.0259 3.1139 0.0079 0.1220 0.9863

Female 2488 6-58 -12.6066 0.0242 3.1684 0.0070 0.1153 0.9879

Autumn Combined 6223 2-68 -12.0276 0.0132 3.0162 0.0040 0.1690 0.9894

Male 2355 8-68 -12.1720 0.0356 3.0491 0.0106 0.1193 0.9723

Female 3213 7-62 -12.4836 0.0297 3.1533 0.0085 0.1242 0.9773

Spotted hake

Urophycis regia

Winter Combined 1816 4-43 -12.1682 0.0267 3.1332 0.0086 0.1647 0.9866

Male 2786 5-35 -12.3328 0.0815 3.1791 0.0263 0.1517 0.9559

Female 4079 4-43 -12.3610 0.0574 3.1957 0.0174 0.1442 0.9722

Spring Combined 2319 3-42 -11.9892 0.0202 3.0823 0.0070 0.1922 0.9881

Male 778 5-35 -12.1924 0.0396 3.1437 0.0134 0.1482 0.9862

Female 1079 4-42 -12.0712 0.0273 3.1139 0.0089 0.1378 0.9914

Autumn Combined 3378 12-41 -11.9634 0.0317 3.0927 0.0101 0.1174 0.9651

Male 1331 13-32 -11.0718 0.0524 2.7812 0.0174 0.0982 0.9506

Female 2038 12-41 -11.8596 0.0423 3.0696 0.0132 0.1124 0.9637

White hake

Urophycis tenuis

Autumn Combined 3889 4-126 -12.4000 0.0193 3.1715 0.0052 0.1363 0.9897

Male 1790 7-95 -12.6846 0.0341 3.2506 0.0094 0.1203 0.9853

Female 1990 7-126 -12.6741 0.0311 3.2407 0.0081 0.1280 0.9878

Spring Combined 2054 10-105 -12.9500 0.0294 3.2903 0.0079 0.1165 0.9884

Male 883 14-105 -12.9063 0.0548 3.2812 0.0151 0.1198 0.9816

Female 1155 12-104 -13.0099 0.0392 3.3039 0.0102 0.1130 0.9891

Winter Combined 189 26-87 -13.1714 0.0998 3.3669 0.0268 0.0952 0.9883

Cusk

Brosme brosme

Win/Spr/Aut Combined 186 6-95 -12.2140 0.0706 3.1785 0.0179 0.1006 0.9942
 Page 9

Species

Season 

or

Seasonal

Group

Gender N

Length

Range

(cm) ln a sa b sb sW r2

Haddock

Melanogrammus aeglefinus

Autumn Combined 3959 7-88 -11.8111 0.0127 3.0888 0.0036 0.1183 0.9947

Win/Spr Combined 3166 4-87 -11.8062 0.0157 3.0766 0.0044 0.1004 0.9937

Male 1447 13-77 -11.7438 0.0220 3.0572 0.0061 0.0951 0.9943

Female 1629 13-87 -11.8655 0.0241 3.0949 0.0066 0.1024 0.9927

Silver hake

Merluccius bilinearis

Winter Combined 2975 5-51 -12.3367 0.0205 3.1056 0.0065 0.1555 0.9873

Spring Combined 8158 4-58 -12.4934 0.0126 3.1512 0.0042 0.1538 0.9858

Autumn Combined 11965 3-63 -12.1353 0.0098 3.0606 0.0032 0.1713 0.9875

Male 4042 7-41 -12.2351 0.0290 3.0869 0.0092 0.1193 0.9652

Female 6181 7-63 -12.6439 0.0214 3.2186 0.0065 0.1264 0.9755

Offshore hake

Merluccius albidus

Win/Spr/Aut Combined 145 8-51 -12.2964 0.0927 3.1323 0.0276 0.0969 0.9890

Fawn cusk-eel

Lepophidium profundorum

Spr/Aut Combined 78 13-28 -13.7333 0.2467 3.2359 0.0813 0.1476 0.9542

Ocean pout

Macrozoarces americanus

Win/Aut Combined 1878 10-84 -13.5168 0.0403 3.2995 0.0105 0.1450 0.9813

Spring Combined 2242 7-98 -13.6429 0.0466 3.3459 0.0119 0.1610 0.9725

Male 1060 18-84 -13.6860 0.0688 3.3592 0.0175 0.1632 0.9722

Female 1142 15-76 -13.6464 0.0710 3.3442 0.0182 0.1579 0.9674

Buckler dory

Zenopsis conchifera

Spr/Aut Unsexed 23 9-53 -11.3806 0.1749 3.0387 0.0586 0.1187 0.9922

Acadian redfish

Sebastes fasciatus

Spr/Aut Combined 6739 3-47 -11.7005 0.0130 3.2036 0.0041 0.1304 0.9888

Male 2974 6-44 -11.4401 0.0256 3.1151 0.0082 0.1092 0.9797

Female 3290 7-47 -11.7713 0.0228 3.2297 0.0070 0.1161 0.9846

Blackbelly rosefish

Helicolenus dactylopterus

Spr/Aut Combined 38 4-35 -11.1324 0.1238 3.0512 0.0428 0.1407 0.9930

Northern searobin

Prionotus carolinus

Spring Combined 17 21-34 -12.9982 0.3821 3.4712 0.1168 0.0720 0.9833

Sea raven

Hemitripterus americanus

Winter Combined 257 14-52 -11.5420 0.1523 3.1822 0.0443 0.1906 0.9529

Spring Combined 1449 8-64 -11.3646 0.0575 3.1551 0.0168 0.1988 0.9607

Autumn Combined 964 7-68 -11.5001 0.0552 3.1822 0.0162 0.1909 0.9756

Male 396 9-53 -11.1562 0.0920 3.0726 0.0270 0.1771 0.9705

Female 513 7-68 -11.7441 0.0808 3.2590 0.0235 0.1922 0.9741

Longhorn sculpin

Myoxocephalus

octodecemspinosus

Spring Combined 2969 5-37 -11.8348 0.0322 3.1067 0.0100 0.1226 0.9702

Win/Aut Combined 2464 4-37 -11.5589 0.0257 3.0250 0.0081 0.1148 0.9828

Male 861 8-36 -11.6352 0.0581 3.0461 0.0184 0.1030 0.9696

Female 1514 6-37 -11.7330 0.0447 3.0800 0.0138 0.1099 0.9706
 Page 10

Species

Season 

or

Seasonal

Group

Gender N

Length

Range

(cm) ln a sa b sb sW r2

Striped bass

Morone saxatilis

Spring Combined 191 23-93 -11.7959 0.0800 3.1383 0.0206 0.1012 0.9919

Male 76 23-81 -11.9776 0.1314 3.1998 0.0332 0.0977 0.9921

Female 110 24-93 -11.5476 0.0762 3.0627 0.0199 0.0751 0.9955

Autumn Combined 102 49-102 -11.3773 0.2788 3.0139 0.0065 0.0967 0.9550

Male 32 49-85 -10.8121 0.5170 2.8888 0.1222 0.0955 0.9491

Female 53 50-102 -12.2380 0.3904 3.2072 0.0906 0.0932 0.9609

Black sea bass

Centropristis striata

Autumn Combined 794 3-45 -11.2205 0.0296 3.0225 0.0108 0.1899 0.9900

Male 144 6-44 -10.7680 0.1122 2.8679 0.0358 0.1527 0.9783

Female 393 5-45 -11.0314 0.0747 2.9709 0.0248 0.1295 0.9736

Spring Combined 458 4-54 -11.5992 0.0552 3.1220 0.0174 0.1690 0.9860

Winter Combined 998 4-49 -11.4782 0.0343 3.0743 0.0112 0.1825 0.9869

Bluefish

Pomatomus saltatrix

Winter Combined 54 32-72 -10.5191 0.3314 2.8071 0.0838 0.1318 0.9557

Spring Combined 67 3-79 -10.5744 0.1433 2.8040 0.0375 0.1418 0.9885

Autumn Combined 2112 4-80 -11.4296 0.0154 3.0548 0.0046 0.1173 0.9952

Greater amberjack

Seriola dumerili

Autumn Combined 6 30-80 -9.8906 0.2585 2.7221 0.0659 0.0584 0.9977

Scup

Stenotomus chrysops

Autumn Combined 2456 4-30 -11.0698 0.0232 3.1365 0.0091 0.1530 0.9800

Win/Spr Combined 853 6-38 -11.5033 0.0448 3.2446 0.0167 0.1705 0.9779

Vermilion snapper

Rhomboplites aurorubens

Spring Combined 14 8-21 -11.2151 0.2893 3.0106 0.1133 0.1136 0.9833

Weakfish

Cynoscion regalis

Autumn Combined 3027 3-70 -11.4157 0.0159 2.9575 0.0051 0.1277 0.9911

Male 1277 7-70 -11.3755 0.0305 2.9476 0.0094 0.1108 0.9871

Female 1374 10-70 -11.4663 0.0263 2.9724 0.0082 0.1060 0.9896

Spring Combined 105 13-62 -12.0264 0.0526 3.1338 0.0159 0.0897 0.9946

Winter Combined 13 36-63 -11.5030 0.2349 2.9903 0.0607 0.0725 0.9846

Spot

Leiostomus xanthurus

Spring Combined 14 15-24 -11.0401 0.7513 2.9481 0.2542 0.1441 0.9181

Autumn Combined 92 9-26 -11.8524 0.1859 3.3175 0.0650 0.1259 0.9666

Southern kingfish

Menticirrhus americanus

Autumn Combined 12 17-39 -12.9112 0.1793 3.4493 0.0565 0.0328 0.9973

Northern kingfish

Menticirrhus saxatilis

Autumn Combined 6 24-29 -12.4904 1.7432 3.2785 0.5332 0.0791 0.9043

Atlantic croaker

Micropogonias undulatus

Autumn Combined 995 6-44 -11.5983 0.0368 3.0924 0.0115 0.0884 0.9864

Atlantic spadefish

Chaetodipterus faber

Spring Unsexed 22 22-43 -10.1466 0.2692 2.9380 0.0758 0.0753 0.9856
 Page 11

Species

Season 

or

Seasonal

Group

Gender N

Length

Range

(cm) ln a sa b sb sW r2

Tautog

Tautoga onitis

Autumn Combined 9 18-39 -10.9649 0.2126 3.0443 0.0626 0.0425 0.9970

Cunner

Tautogolabrus adspersus

Spring Combined 23 19-44 -11.1034 0.2544 3.0162 0.0760 0.0842 0.9868

Winter Combined 5 8-42 -11.1950 0.2075 3.0416 0.0667 0.0903 0.9986

Autumn Combined 14 10-36 -11.3943 0.2186 3.1311 0.0672 0.0917 0.9945

Atlantic wolffish

Anarhichas lupus

Spr/Aut Combined 160 24-107 -12.2186 0.1393 3.1439 0.0342 0.1408 0.9816

Atlantic mackerel

Scomber scombrus

Winter Combined 1371 17-45 -12.6661 0.0491 3.3128 0.0147 0.1170 0.9738

Spring Combined 2909 16-45 -12.6713 0.0264 3.3119 0.0079 0.0975 0.9836

Male 1340 16-42 -12.7288 0.0395 3.3305 0.0119 0.0943 0.9833

Female 1475 16-45 -12.6376 0.0376 3.3006 0.0113 0.1004 0.9831

Autumn Combined 771 12-42 -12.3766 0.0598 3.2615 0.0186 0.1057 0.9756

Spanish mackerel

Scomberomorus maculatus

Autumn Combined 159 18-59 -11.6374 0.1035 3.0242 0.0300 0.0924 0.9848

Butterfish

Peprilus triacanthus

Autumn Combined 6809 1-21 -10.6315 0.0182 2.9225 0.0077 0.2547 0.9553

Win/Spr Combined 3496 3-23 -11.6824 0.0314 3.2930 0.0122 0.1782 0.9546

Summer flounder

Paralichthys dentatus

Autumn Combined 3082 12-74 -12.2841 0.0271 3.2156 0.0075 0.0965 0.9834

Male 1657 12-57 -12.3572 0.0392 3.2394 0.0111 0.0839 0.9810

Female 1396 13-74 -12.4203 0.0433 3.2488 0.0118 0.1072 0.9820

Spring Combined 1044 15-72 -12.1424 0.0390 3.1651 0.0111 0.0903 0.9874

Male 508 16-57 -12.1197 0.0588 3.1602 0.0170 0.0847 0.9856

Female 527 16-72 -12.1866 0.0581 3.1759 0.0162 0.0955 0.9865

Winter Combined 5247 14-78 -12.3861 0.0260 3.2305 0.0072 0.1192 0.9749

Male 2112 16-64 -12.3825 0.0500 3.2323 0.0141 0.1195 0.9612

Female 3114 18-78 -12.4887 0.0333 3.2563 0.0090 0.1181 0.9766

Fourspot flounder

Paralichthys oblongus

Spr/Aut Combined 6140 3-49 -12.3202 0.0223 3.1463 0.0068 0.1186 0.9719

Male 2823 7-42 -12.2648 0.0427 3.1239 0.0133 0.1134 0.9517

Female 3226 11-49 -12.5568 0.0334 3.2213 0.0101 0.1118 0.9696

Winter Combined 3269 5-45 -12.8160 0.0367 3.2932 0.0112 0.1400 0.9638

Male 1221 10-41 -12.8046 0.0706 3.2835 0.0219 0.1376 0.9484

Female 1989 9-45 -12.9049 0.0480 3.3227 0.0144 0.1350 0.9641
 Page 12

Species

Season 

or

Seasonal

Group

Gender N

Length

Range

(cm) ln a sa b sb sW r2

Windowpane

Scophthalmus aquosus

Autumn Combined 3008 2-40 -11.0093 0.0229 2.8721 0.0073 0.1536 0.9811

Male 1210 4-36 -10.9828 0.0524 2.8633 0.0166 0.1158 0.9611

Female 1591 7-40 -10.8411 0.0504 2.8221 0.0155 0.1349 0.9540

Spring Combined 2218 3-39 -11.3526 0.0268 2.9982 0.0084 0.1494 0.9829

Male 943 6-36 -11.3050 0.0672 2.9781 0.0211 0.1134 0.9550

Female 1163 9-39 -11.7690 0.0693 3.1293 0.0211 0.1424 0.9497

Winter Combined 2783 3-44 -11.5177 0.0269 3.0418 0.0083 0.1283 0.9797

Witch flounder

Glyptocephalus cynoglossus

Win/Spr Combined 2193 6-64 -13.2151 0.0324 3.3289 0.0093 0.1411 0.9832

Autumn Combined 1585 4-63 -12.7334 0.0253 3.1997 0.0077 0.1515 0.9910

American plaice

Hippoglossoides platessoides

Win/Aut Combined 4965 3-65 -12.7492 0.0185 3.3062 0.0056 0.1378 0.9862

Spring Combined 3779 5-62 -12.8117 0.0195 3.3125 0.0058 0.1217 0.9884

Male 1658 6-48 -12.7168 0.0317 3.2790 0.0097 0.1084 0.9856

Female 2020 7-62 -12.9811 0.0292 3.3641 0.0085 0.1196 0.9872

Yellowtail flounder

Limanda ferruginea

Autumn Combined 2753 4-50 -11.8381 0.0274 3.0559 0.0080 0.1055 0.9815

Male 1273 12-49 -11.6605 0.0470 2.9983 0.0139 0.0972 0.9734

Female 1428 9-50 -11.9764 0.0383 3.0995 0.0110 0.1051 0.9825

Spring Combined 2686 6-55 -12.3581 0.0415 3.2099 0.0120 0.1376 0.9638

Male 1497 11-46 -11.7347 0.0612 3.0161 0.0179 0.1026 0.9501

Female 1160 6-55 -12.7073 0.0656 3.3235 0.0187 0.1442 0.9646

Winter Combined 3336 4-52 -12.4209 0.0319 3.2408 0.0091 0.1224 0.9742

Male 1520 19-45 -12.0924 0.0591 3.1314 0.0172 0.0912 0.9564

Female 1768 15-52 -12.9148 0.0585 3.3898 0.0164 0.1174 0.9603

Winter flounder

Pseudopleuronectes

americanus

Winter Combined 1196 4-59 -11.6892 0.0340 3.1189 0.0104 0.1324 0.9868

Male 445 8-49 -11.4862 0.0463 3.0459 0.0142 0.0982 0.9904

Female 673 10-59 -11.8906 0.0473 3.1850 0.0142 0.1116 0.9869

Spring Combined 4018 5-59 -11.4718 0.0218 3.0431 0.0065 0.1246 0.9818

Male 1642 7-54 -11.2363 0.0310 2.9636 0.0094 0.1065 0.9838

Female 2293 9-59 -11.4598 0.0300 3.0457 0.0089 0.1207 0.9809

Autumn Combined 4111 5-60 -11.6356 0.0200 3.1091 0.0059 0.1012 0.9857

Male 1709 5-53 -11.4725 0.0336 3.0584 0.0100 0.1048 0.9819

Female 2356 9-60 -11.7022 0.0265 3.1297 0.0077 0.0969 0.9861

Atlantic halibut

Hippoglossus hippoglossus

Spring Combined 19 31-154 -12.5865 0.1981 3.2674 0.0495 0.0763 0.9961

Autumn Combined 29 8-97 -12.1813 0.1710 3.1904 0.0432 0.1031 0.9951

a

 Disk width is measured for rays and stingrays.
 Page 13

Table 2. Comparison of length ranges and minimum and maximum lengths (cm) used in this study to those observed on

NEFSC bottom trawl surveys during 1963-99, including differences in the minimum and maximum lengths relative

to the 1963-99 values, and the ratios of this study’s ranges divided by the 1963-99 surveys’ ranges.

Species

1963-99 Survey

Lengths (cm) 

This Study’s

Lengths (cm) Difference Range

Min. Max. Range Min. Max. Range Min. Max. Ratio

Sand tiger 98 261 163 150 260 110 52 1 0.67

Chain dogfish 7 50 43 10 45 35 3 5 0.81

Atlantic sharpnose shark 41 175 134 50 100 50 9 75 0.37

Smooth dogfish 29 150 121 40 150 110 11 0 0.91

Sandbar shark 61 186 125 63 174 111 2 12 0.89

Spiny dogfish 5 117 112 13 114 101 8 3 0.90

Atlantic angel shark 16 123 107 32 120 88 16 3 0.82

Atlantic torpedo 35 140 105 71 102 31 36 38 0.30

Clearnose skate 7 93 86 22 71 49 15 22 0.57

Little skate 5 66 61 6 63 57 1 3 0.93

Barndoor skate 19 132 113 23 121 98 4 11 0.87

Winter skate 10 135 125 13 111 98 3 24 0.78

Rosette skate 4 47 43 14 43 29 10 4 0.67

Smooth skate 9 73 64 15 65 50 6 8 0.78

Thorny skate 8 109 101 10 105 95 2 4 0.94

Southern stingray 21 108 87 45 100 55 24 8 0.63

Roughtail stingray 10 190 180 36 155 119 26 35 0.66

Bluntnose stingray 18 135 117 18 104 86 0 31 0.74

Spiny butterfly ray 20 217 197 38 210 172 18 7 0.87

Smooth butterfly ray 22 176 154 40 84 44 18 92 0.29

Bullnose ray 21 143 122 28 129 101 7 14 0.83

Cownose ray 34 103 69 34 103 69 0 0 1.00

Atlantic sturgeon 56 226 170 84 159 75 28 67 0.44

American shad 4 62 58 8 53 45 4 9 0.78

Blueback herring 5 42 37 7 29 22 2 13 0.59

Alewife 3 46 43 10 27 17 7 19 0.40

Atlantic herring 3 46 43 4 37 33 1 9 0.77

Round herring 4 21 17 11 20 9 7 1 0.53

Atlantic thread herring 1 26 25 5 18 13 4 8 0.52

Spanish sardine 3 27 24 8 18 10 5 9 0.42

Goosefish 3 121 118 5 101 96 2 20 0.81

Atlantic cod 2 141 139 4 120 116 2 21 0.83

Pollock 3 160 157 13 112 99 10 48 0.63

Red hake 1 70 69 2 68 66 1 2 0.96

Spotted hake 2 46 44 3 43 40 1 3 0.91

White hake 2 136 134 4 126 122 2 10 0.91

Cusk 6 105 99 6 95 89 0 10 0.90

Haddock 3 93 90 4 88 84 1 5 0.93
Page 14

Species

1963-99 Survey

Lengths (cm) 

This Study’s

Lengths (cm) Difference Range

Min. Max. Range Min. Max. Range Min. Max. Ratio

Silver hake 1 78 77 3 63 60 2 15 0.78

Offshore hake 5 60 55 8 51 43 3 9 0.78

Fawn cusk-eel 4 44 40 13 28 15 9 16 0.38

Ocean pout 4 103 99 7 98 91 3 5 0.92

Buckler dory 6 55 49 9 53 44 3 2 0.90

Acadian redfish 3 52 49 3 47 44 0 5 0.90

Blackbelly rosefish 2 47 45 4 35 31 2 12 0.69

Northern searobin 1 45 44 21 34 13 20 11 0.30

Sea raven 3 69 66 7 68 61 4 1 0.92

Longhorn sculpin 3 60 57 4 37 33 1 23 0.58

Striped bass 6 121 115 23 102 79 17 19 0.69

Black sea bass 3 58 55 3 54 51 0 4 0.93

Bluefish 2 88 86 3 80 77 1 8 0.90

Greater amberjack 9 114 105 30 80 50 21 34 0.48

Scup 1 44 43 4 38 34 3 6 0.79

Vermilion snapper 2 52 50 8 21 13 6 31 0.26

Weakfish 2 84 82 3 70 67 1 14 0.82

Spot 3 29 26 9 26 17 6 3 0.65

Southern kingfish 4 40 36 17 39 22 13 1 0.61

Northern kingfish 4 38 34 24 29 5 20 9 0.15

Atlantic croaker 1 49 48 6 44 38 5 5 0.79

Atlantic spadefish 3 51 48 22 43 21 19 8 0.44

Tautog 11 69 58 18 39 21 7 30 0.36

Cunner 3 49 46 8 36 28 5 13 0.61

Atlantic wolffish 3 122 119 24 107 83 21 15 0.70

Atlantic mackerel 4 51 47 12 45 33 8 6 0.70

Spanish mackerel 3 89 86 18 59 41 15 30 0.48

Butterfish 1 29 28 1 23 22 0 6 0.79

Summer flounder 11 78 67 12 78 66 1 0 0.99

Fourspot flounder 3 49 46 3 49 46 0 0 1.00

Windowpane 2 48 46 2 44 42 0 4 0.91

Witch flounder 3 69 66 4 64 60 1 5 0.91

American plaice 3 66 63 3 65 62 0 1 0.98

Yellowtail flounder 2 58 56 4 55 51 2 3 0.91

Winter flounder 3 69 66 4 60 56 1 9 0.85

Atlantic halibut 4 154 150 8 154 146 4 0 0.97
Page 15

Table 3. Minimum and maximum lengths (cm) observed for species collected during 1963-99 NEFSC bottom trawl

surveys, by gender (“Unsexed” = gender not specified; “Combined” = unsexed, males, and females). (Species

are ordered by NODC taxonomic code; “uncl” = not classified to species level.)

Species

Gender N

Length Range

(cm)

Common Name Scientific Name Min. Max.

 Iceland scallop Chlamys islandica Combined 16 1 6 

 Sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus Combined 12158 1 20

 Atlantic calico scallop Argopecten gibbus Combined 6 2 4

 Atlantic surfclam Spisula solidissima Combined 28 3 17

 Ocean quahog Arctica islandica Combined 22 6.9 11

 Bobtail squid uncl Sepiolidae Combined 306 1 6

 Lesser bobtail squid Semirossia tenera Combined 7 1 3

 Warty bobtail squid Rossia palpebrosa Combined 1 3 3

 Butterfly bobtail squid Stoloteuthis leucoptera Combined 11 2 4

 Longfin inshore squid Loligo pealeii Combined 79723 1 49

 Slender inshore squid Loligo pleii Combined 54 3 21

 Atlantic brief squid Lolliguncula brevis Combined 990 1 10

 Eye-flash squid Abralia veranyi Combined 24 2 4

 Northern shortfin squid Illex illecebrosus Combined 54033 1 37

 Octopus uncl Octopoda Combined 840 1 16

 Common octopus Octopus vulgaris Combined 11 2 9

 Spoonarm octopus Bathypolypus arcticus Combined 160 1 17

 Horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus Unsexed 5109 10 36

 Male 1029 12 38

 Female 1764 11 39

 Northern shrimp Pandalus borealis Unsexed 61576 0.7 3.2

 Male 34832 0.6 2.85

 Female 11304 1.75 2.9

 American lobster Homarus americanus Unsexed 1392 3 24

 Male 71070 2 20.6

 Female 72222 2 24.3

 Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus Combined 11 13 16

 Ridged slipper lobster Scyllarides nodifer Combined 44 1 15

 Northern stone crab Lithodes maja Unsexed 304 1 23

 Male 38 1 14

 Female 155 1 14

 Galatheid uncl Galatheidae Unsexed 33 1 14

 Male 1 3 3

 Female 5 2 7

 Calico box crab Hepatus epheliticus Unsexed 1 5 5

 Male 2 4 7

 Female 2 3 5

 Gladiator box crab Acanthocarpus alexandri Unsexed 12 3 12

 Male 21 1 6

 Female 5 2 4
Page 16

Species

Gender N

Length Range

(cm)

Common Name Scientific Name Min. Max.

 Spider crab uncl Majidae Unsexed 164 1 13

 Male 146 1 11

 Female 101 2 12

 Snow crab Chionoecetes opilio Unsexed 24 2 13

 Male 11 4 12

 Female 13 2 8

 Jonah crab Cancer borealis Unsexed 585 1 17

 Male 7374 1 21

 Female 5319 1 18

 Atlantic rock crab Cancer irroratus Unsexed 930 1 16

 Male 14157 1 19

 Female 10923 1 19

 Speckled swimming crab Arenaeus cribrarius Unsexed 1 8 8

 Male 14 3 11

 Female 6 6 9

 Blotched swimming crab Portunus spinimanus Unsexed 35 1 7

 Male 10 2 11

 Female 14 2 7

 Bathyal swimming crab Bathynectes longispina Unsexed 35 2 10

 Male 24 3 10

 Female 29 2 9

 Blue crab Callinectes sapidus Unsexed 1728 2 20

 Male 246 2 16

 Female 537 2 18

 Lady crab Ovalipes ocellatus Unsexed 5586 1 16

 Male 744 1 11

 Female 639 1 12

 Coarsehand lady crab Ovalipes stephensoni Unsexed 421 1 11

 Male 110 1 11

 Female 51 2 9

 Red deepsea crab Chaceon quinquedens Unsexed 537 3 17

 Male 204 6 15

 Female 318 2 15

 Golden deepsea crab Geryon fenneri Female 1 11 11

 Sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus Combined 131 13 80

 Atlantic hagfish Myxine glutinosa Combined 649 14 66

 Sand tiger Carcharias taurus Combined 48 98 261

 Basking shark Cetorhinus maximus Combined 2 432 440

 Thresher shark Alopias vulpinus Combined 4 137 176

 Chain dogfish Scyliorhinus retifer Combined 1845 7 50

 Atlantic sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon terraenovae Combined 591 41 175

 Smooth dogfish Mustelus canis Unsexed 12213 29 130

 Male 10014 40 115

 Female 8616 32 150
Page 17

Species

Gender N

Length Range

(cm)

Common Name Scientific Name Min. Max.

 Dusky shark Carcharhinus obscurus Combined 96 49 211

 Sandbar shark Carcharhinus plumbeus Combined 184 61 186

 Blacknose shark Carcharhinus acronotus Combined 2 98 102

 Blacktip shark Carcharhinus limbatus Combined 1 138 138

 Night shark Carcharhinus signatus Combined 2 65 67

 Scalloped hammerhead shark Sphyrna lewini Combined 11 59 186

 Spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias Unsexed 6096 20 112

 Male 181881 14 104

 Female 219579 5 117

 Rough sagre Etmopterus princeps Combined 10 13 28

 Broadband dogfish Etmopterus gracilispinis Combined 13 11 22

 Black dogfish Centroscyllium fabricii Combined 46 6 31

 Atlantic angel shark Squatina dumeril Combined 1524 16 123

 Atlantic torpedo Torpedo nobiliana Combined 53 35 140

 Lesser electric ray Narcine brasiliensis Combined 7 23 37

 Clearnose skate Raja eglanteria Combined 6017 7 93

 Little skate Leucoraja erinacea Combined 73656 5 66

 Barndoor skate Dipturus laevis Combined 1056 19 132

 Winter skate Leucoraja ocellata Combined 43855 10 135

 Rosette skate Leucoraja garmani Combined 4833 4 47

 Smooth skate Malacoraja senta Combined 6099 9 73

 Thorny skate Amblyraja radiata Combined 20610 8 109

 Southern stingray a Dasyatis americana Combined 180 21 108

 Roughtail stingray a Dasyatis centroura Combined 385 10 190

 Atlantic stingray a Dasyatis sabina Combined 27 22 90

 Bluntnose stingraya Dasyatis say Combined 2955 18 135

 Spiny butterfly ray a Gymnura altavela Combined 1138 20 217

 Smooth butterfly raya Gymnura micrura Combined 104 22 176

 Bullnose ray a Myliobatis freminvillei Combined 1488 21 143

 Cownose ray a Rhinoptera bonasus Combined 774 34 103

 Manta a Manta birostris Combined 6 120 150

 Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrhynchus Combined 60 56 226

 Ladyfish Elops saurus Combined 1 29 29

 American eel Anguilla rostrata Combined 32 2 78

 Spotted moray Gymnothorax moringa Combined 7 36 78

 Blackedge moray Gymnothorax nigromarginatus Combined 1 49 49

 Honeycomb moray Gymnothorax saxicola Combined 26 36 51

 Conger eel Conger oceanicus Combined 608 6 135

 Bandtooth conger Ariosoma balearicum Combined 5 22 69

 Snake eel uncl Ophichthidae Combined 112 13 84

 Shrimp eel Ophichthus gomesi Combined 1 39 39

 Margined snake eel Ophichthus cruentifer Combined 124 13 74

 Palespotted eel Ophichthus puncticeps Combined 98 9 70

 Spotted spoon-nose eel Echiophis intertinctus Combined 4 48 86

 Snubnose eel Simenchelys parasiticus Combined 2 6 10
Page 18

Species

Gender N

Length Range

(cm)

Common Name Scientific Name Min. Max.

 Slender snipe eel Nemichthys scolopaceus Combined 231 20 99

 American shad Alosa sapidissima Combined 3145 4 62

 Blueback herring Alosa aestivalis Combined 6006 5 42

 Hickory shad Alosa mediocris Combined 23 7 36

 Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus Combined 16688 3 46

 Atlantic herring Clupea harengus Combined 86946 3 46

 Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus Combined 951 5 42

 Gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum Combined 1 12 12

 Round herring Etrumeus teres Combined 2268 4 21

 Atlantic thread herring Opisthonema oglinum Combined 1247 1 26

 Spanish sardine Sardinella aurita Combined 1295 3 27

 Anchovy uncl Engraulidae Combined 18 2 17

 Silver anchovy Engraulis eurystole Combined 161 4 18

 Striped anchovy Anchoa hepsetus Combined 4300 2 21

 Bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli Combined 4751 1 20

 Dusky anchovy Anchoa lyolepis Combined 47 3 11

 Longnose anchovy Anchoa nasuta Combined 25 4 9

 Flat anchovy Anchoviella perfasciata Combined 10 4 7

 Capelin Mallotus villosus Combined 90 5 21

 Rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax Combined 333 4 26

 Atlantic argentine Argentina silus Combined 932 4 49

 Striated argentine Argentina striata Combined 123 3 30

 Lightfish uncl Gonostomatidae Combined 24 3 26

 Gonostoma atlanticum Combined 3 11 15

 Longtooth anglemouth Gonostoma elongatum Combined 7 15 21

 Weitzmans pearlsides Maurolicus weitzmani Combined 650 2 11

 Polymetme thaeocoryla Combined 9 7 18

 Hatchetfish uncl Sternoptychidae Combined 82 1 11

 Silver hatchetfish Argyropelecus aculeatus Combined 24 1 7

 Polyipnus clarus Combined 124 1 8

 Viperfish Chauliodus sloani Combined 85 7 35

 Boa dragonfish Stomias boa Combined 93 5 40

 Slickhead uncl Alepocephaliidae Combined 7 6 14

 Bluntnose smoothhead Xenodermichthys copei Combined 2 13 14

 Inshore lizardfish Synodus foetens Combined 2848 3 43

 Sand diver Synodus intermedius Combined 44 6 34

 Offshore lizardfish Synodus poeyi Combined 530 3 40

 Red lizardfish Synodus synodus Combined 19 4 14

 Largescale lizardfish Saurida brasiliensis Combined 21 4 10

 Shortjaw lizardfish Saurida normani Combined 36 3 29

 Snakefish Trachinocephalus myops Combined 991 4 33

 Shortnose greeneye Chlorophthalmus agassizi Combined 799 3 14

 Longnose greeneye Parasudis truculenta Combined 116 5 24

 White barracudina Arctozenus rissoi Combined 53 7 27

 Paralepis coregonoides Combined 3 20 31
Page 19

Species

Gender N

Length Range

(cm)

Common Name Scientific Name Min. Max.

 Longnose lancetfish Alepisaurus ferox Combined 1 10 10

 Horned lanternfish Ceratoscopelus maderensis Combined 6 5 7

 Lanternfish uncl Myctophidae Combined 1765 2 26

 Headlightfish Diaphus dumerili Combined 2 8 8

 Hardhead catfish Arius felis Combined 9 2 23

 Atlantic midshipman Porichthys plectrodon Combined 594 2 23

 Oyster toadfish Opsanus tau Combined 2 25 31

 Leopard toadfish Opsanus pardus Combined 5 4 31

 Goosefish Lophius americanus Combined 28458 3 121

 Blackfin goosefish Lophius gastrophysus Combined 4 12 13

 Singlespot frogfish Antennarius radiosus Combined 4 3 18

 Redeye gaper Chaunax stigmaeus Combined 13 3 37

 Shortnose batfish Ogcocephalus nasutus Combined 32 2 16

 Roughback batfish Ogcocephalus parvus Combined 35 1 22

 Longnose batfish Ogcocephalus corniger Combined 24 3 19

 Atlantic batfish Dibranchus atlanticus Combined 17 8 16

 Pancake batfish Halieutichthys aculeatus Combined 61 3 17

 Blue hake Antimora rostrata Combined 7 11 22

 Laemonema barbatulum Combined 13 15 22

 Metallic codling Physiculus fulvus Combined 15 4 24

 Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Combined 72801 2 141

 Atlantic tomcod Microgadus tomcod Combined 1 18 18

 Pollock Pollachius virens Combined 18780 3 160

 Red hake Urophycis chuss Combined 135909 1 70

 Spotted hake Urophycis regia Combined 64311 2 46

 White hake Urophycis tenuis Combined 69627 2 136

 Longfin hake Urophycis chesteri Combined 661 3 42

 Carolina hake Urophycis earlli Combined 32 8 52

 Southern hake Urophycis floridana Combined 3 22 28

 Cusk Brosme brosme Combined 2985 6 105

 Beardless codling Gadella imberbis Combined 9 8 19

 Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus Combined 64173 3 93

 Fourbeard rockling Enchelyopus cimbrius Combined 2347 5 40

 Silver hake Merluccius bilinearis Combined 251613 1 78

 Offshore hake Merluccius albidus Combined 2686 5 60

 Cusk-eel uncl Ophidiidae Combined 83 3 39

 Mottled cusk-eel Lepophidium jeannae Combined 14 6 30

 Fawn cusk-eel Lepophidium profundorum Combined 14427 4 44

 Blotched cusk-eel Ophidion grayi Combined 49 6 25

 Bank cusk-eel Ophidion holbrooki Combined 382 5 31

 Mooneye cusk-eel Ophidion selenops Combined 1 13 13

 Crested cusk-eel Ophidion welshi Combined 6 9 17

 Striped cusk-eel Ophidion marginatum Combined 784 4 30

 Polka-dot cusk-eel Otophidium omostigmum Combined 70 4 23

 Pearlfish Carapus bermudensis Combined 28 6 15
Page 20

Species

Gender N

Length Range

(cm)

Common Name Scientific Name Min. Max.

 Eelpout uncl Zoarcidae Combined 7 12 62

 Wolf eelpout Lycenchelys verrilli Combined 55 5 21

 Atlantic soft pout Melanostigma atlanticum Combined 565 4 19

 Ocean pout Macrozoarces americanus Combined 23532 4 103

 Grenadier uncl Macrouridae Combined 350 5 37

 Longnose grenadier Coelorhynchus carminatus Combined 16 5 25

 Marlin-spike Nezumia bairdi Combined 162 5 31

 Western softhead grenadier Malacocephalus occidentalis Combined 12 5 27

 Roughhead grenadier Macrourus berglax Combined 10 18 26

 Margined flyingfish Cypselurus cyanopterus Combined 4 30 40

 Silverstripe halfbeak Hyporhamphus unifasciatus Combined 2 20 30

 Flying halfbeak Euleptorhamphus velox Combined 2 25 30

 Flat needlefish Ablennes hians Combined 2 23 53

 Houndfish Tylosurus crocodilus Combined 1 20 20

 Atlantic saury Scomberesox saurus Combined 138 15 37

 Silverside uncl Atherinidae Combined 42 6 18

 Rough silverside Membras martinica Combined 3 6 8

 Atlantic silverside Menidia menidia Combined 2006 3 17

 Beardfish Polymixia lowei Combined 290 6 28

 Big roughy Gephyroberyx darwini Combined 7 29 48

 Blackmouthed alfonsin Hoplostethus mediterraneus Combined 66 3 20

 Squirrelfish Holocentrus adscensionis Combined 60 7 37

 Longspine squirrelfish Holocentrus rufus Combined 2 24 27

 Blackbar soldierfish Myripristis jacobus Combined 18 7 15

 Bigeye soldierfish Ostichthys trachypoma Combined 3 4 11

 Spinycheek soldierfish Corniger spinosus Combined 2 13 15

 Red dory Cyttopsis rosea Combined 11 8 13

 Buckler dory Zenopsis conchifera Combined 751 6 55

 Spotted tinselfish Xenolepidichthys dalgleishi Combined 10 7 11

 Deepbody boarfish Antigonia capros Combined 306 3 20

 Shortspine boarfish Antigonia combatia Combined 1 11 11

 Unicornfish Eumecichthys fiski Combined 1 43 43

 Threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus Combined 145 2 8

 Fourspine stickleback Apeltes quadracus Combined 2 5 5

 Trumpetfish Aulostomus maculatus Combined 6 22 28

 Bluespotted cornetfish Fistularia tabacaria Combined 23 16 62

 Red cornetfish Fistularia petimba Combined 94 22 143

 Longspine snipefish Macrorhamphosus scolopax Combined 208 5 25

 Pipefish seahorse uncl Syngnathidae Combined 118 4 30

 Northern pipefish Syngnathus fuscus Combined 775 2 30

 Chain pipefish Syngnathus louisianae Combined 3 23 30

 Bull pipefish Syngnathus springeri Combined 1 9 9

 Lined seahorse Hippocampus erectus Combined 63 3 16

 Longsnout seahorse Hippocampus reidi Combined 1 7 7

 Acadian redfish Sebastes fasciatus Combined 49983 3 52
Page 21

Species

Gender N

Length Range

(cm)

Common Name Scientific Name Min. Max.

 Blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus Combined 3270 2 47

 Spinycheek scorpionfish Neomerinthe hemingwayi Combined 25 3 45

 Longspine scorpionfish Pontinus longispinis Combined 75 4 25

 Longfin scorpionfish Scorpaena agassizi Combined 22 6 19

 Barbfish Scorpaena brasiliensis Combined 119 3 31

 Smoothhead scorpionfish Scorpaena calcarata Combined 48 5 16

 Hunchback scorpionfish Scorpaena dispar Combined 6 10 15

 Spotted scorpionfish Scorpaena plumieri Combined 4 8 29

 Northern searobin Prionotus carolinus Combined 12665 1 45

 Striped searobin Prionotus evolans Combined 4582 1 48

 Leopard searobin Prionotus scitulus Combined 169 2 26

 Bighead searobin Prionotus tribulus Combined 92 3 31

 Spiny searobin Prionotus alatus Combined 111 3 22

 Bandtail searobin Prionotus ophryas Combined 18 10 21

 Bluespotted searobin Prionotus roseus Combined 14 8 18

 Blackwing searobin Prionotus rubio Combined 134 3 28

 Shortwing searobin Prionotus stearnsi Combined 49 2 13

 Shortfin searobin Bellator brachychir Combined 3 11 13

 Streamer searobin Bellator egretta Combined 10 4 14

 Horned searobin Bellator militaris Combined 74 3 14

 Slender searobin Peristedion gracile Combined 5 8 11

 Armored searobin Peristedion miniatum Combined 498 5 38

 Hookear sculpin uncl Artediellus sp. Combined 468 2 15

 Sea raven Hemitripterus americanus Combined 12384 3 69

 Shorthorn sculpin Myoxocephalus scorpius Combined 27 6 44

 Longhorn sculpin Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus Combined 29842 3 60

 Grubby Myoxocephalus aenaeus Combined 202 3 19

 Moustache sculpin Triglops murrayi Combined 1176 2 28

 Alligatorfish Aspidophoroides monopterygius Combined 778 4 16

 Atlantic spiny lumpsucker Eumicrotremus spinosus Combined 2 3 3

 Atlantic seasnail Liparis atlanticus Combined 140 2 8

 Inquiline snailfish Liparis inquilinus Combined 10 2 7

 Lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus Combined 624 3 57

 Flying gurnard Dactylopterus volitans Combined 13 4 44

 White perch Morone americana Combined 3 17 17

 Striped bass Morone saxatilis Combined 3300 6 121

 Black sea bass Centropristis striata Combined 22146 3 58

 Bank sea bass Centropristis ocyurus Combined 278 2 28

 Rock sea bass Centropristis philadelphica Combined 130 3 22

 Rock hind Epinephelus adscensionis Combined 1 43 43

 Yellowedge grouper Epinephelus flavolimbatus Combined 1 25 25

 Red hind Epinephelus guttatus Combined 8 43 51

 Red grouper Epinephelus morio Combined 2 64 85

 Warsaw grouper Epinephelus nigritus Combined 6 84 123

 Snowy grouper Epinephelus niveatus Combined 32 29 108
Page 22

Species

Gender N

Length Range

(cm)

Common Name Scientific Name Min. Max.

 Gag Mycteroperca microlepis Combined 45 16 90

 Black grouper Mycteroperca bonaci Combined 3 14 14

 Yellowmouth grouper Mycteroperca interstitialis Combined 8 14 76

 Scamp Mycteroperca phenax Combined 8 17 92

 Yellowfin bass Anthias nicholsi Combined 84 4 28

 Sand perch Diplectrum formosum Combined 217 2 24

 Dwarf sand perch Diplectrum bivittatum Combined 1 1 1

 Red barbier Hemanthias vivanus Combined 33 4 16

 Streamer bass Hemanthias aureorubens Combined 25 7 28

 Creole-fish Paranthias furcifer Combined 1 29 29

 School bass Schultzea beta Combined 18 6 8

 Blackear bass Serranus atrobranchus Combined 10 3 13

 Tattler Serranus phoebe Combined 312 3 27

 Roughtongue bass Holanthias martinicensis Combined 1 5 5

 Spotted soapfish Rypticus subbifrenatus Combined 1 11 11

 Bigeye Priacanthus arenatus Combined 299 3 40

 Glasseye snapper Priacanthus cruentatus Combined 10 3 50

 Short bigeye Pristigenys alta Combined 116 2 40

 Bulleye Cookeolus japonicus Combined 8 5 15

 Cardinalfish uncl Apogonidae Combined 139 2 16

 Flamefish Apogon maculatus Combined 1 4 4

 Twospot cardinalfish Apogon pseudomaculatus Combined 53 2 11

 Epigonus pandionis Combined 29 5 12

 Sherborn's cardinalfish Howella sherborni Combined 2 7 7

 Blackmouth bass Synagrops bellus Combined 200 2 19

 Keelcheek bass Synagrops spinosus Combined 6 5 11

 Blueline tilefish Caulolatilus microps Combined 4 42 76

 Goldface tilefish Caulolatilus chrysops Combined 2 11 13

 Tilefish Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps Combined 63 8 68

 Bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix Combined 26715 2 88

 Cobia Rachycentron canadum Combined 504 14 145

 Remora Remora remora Combined 29 7 54

 Sharksucker Echeneis naucrates Combined 10 11 68

 Rough scad Trachurus lathami Combined 1071 2 21

 African pompano Alectis ciliaris Combined 51 4 33

 Yellow jack Caranx bartholomaei Combined 77 2 23

 Crevalle jack Caranx hippos Combined 300 3 28

 Horse-eye jack Caranx latus Combined 1 17 17

 Blue runner Caranx crysos Combined 1117 2 34

 Bar jack Caranx ruber Combined 3 7 17

 Atlantic bumper Chloroscombrus chrysurus Combined 201 2 24

 Leatherjack Oligoplites saurus Combined 1 22 22

 Bigeye scad Selar crumenophthalmus Combined 286 2 25

 Lookdown Selene vomer Combined 239 1 23

 Atlantic moonfish Selene setapinnis Combined 613 1 25
Page 23

Species

Gender N

Length Range

(cm)

Common Name Scientific Name Min. Max.

 Greater amberjack Seriola dumerili Combined 384 9 114

 Lesser amberjack Seriola fasciata Combined 13 17 32

 Almaco jack Seriola rivoliana Combined 17 26 125

 Banded rudderfish Seriola zonata Combined 235 3 29

 Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus Combined 45 15 34

 Permit Trachinotus falcatus Combined 6 15 20

 Mackerel scad Decapterus macarellus Combined 724 2 31

 Round scad Decapterus punctatus Combined 2843 2 21

 Pilotfish Naucrates ductor Combined 1 5 5

 Cottonmouth jack Uraspis secunda Combined 8 24 33

 Dolphin Coryphaena hippurus Combined 2 20 42

 Snapper uncl Lutjanidae Combined 18 3 133

 Mutton snapper Lutjanus analis Combined 2 3 3

 Red snapper Lutjanus campechanus Combined 54 3 76

 Lane snapper Lutjanus synagris Combined 20 2 14

 Silk snapper Lutjanus vivanus Combined 13 17 56

 Vermilion snapper Rhomboplites aurorubens Combined 424 2 52

 Wenchman Pristipomoides aquilonaris Combined 24 5 23

 Spotfin mojarra Eucinostomus argenteus Combined 121 3 18

 Silver jenny Eucinostomus gula Combined 62 6 19

 Tomtate Haemulon aurolineatum Combined 849 2 29

 White grunt Haemulon plumieri Combined 150 8 53

 Striped grunt Haemulon striatum Combined 76 4 19

 Pigfish Orthopristis chrysoptera Combined 1046 2 40

 Scup Stenotomus chrysops Combined 14564 1 44

 Pinfish Lagodon rhomboides Combined 603 1 24

 Sheepshead Archosargus probatocephalus Combined 58 3 60

 Spottail pinfish Diplodus holbrooki Combined 488 5 27

 Saucereye porgy Calamus calamus Combined 12 12 40

 Whitebone porgy Calamus leucosteus Combined 669 6 42

 Knobbed porgy Calamus nodosus Combined 129 8 47

 Littlehead porgy Calamus proridens Combined 6 30 32

 Sheepshead porgy Calamus penna Combined 2 35 37

 Red porgy Pagrus sedecim Combined 232 3 47

 Spotted seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus Combined 8 21 56

 Silver seatrout Cynoscion nothus Combined 3 23 24

 Weakfish Cynoscion regalis Combined 32736 2 84

 Silver perch Bairdiella chrysoura Combined 627 2 23

 Spot Leiostomus xanthurus Combined 6431 3 29

 Banded drum Larimus fasciatus Combined 645 2 23

 Southern kingfish Menticirrhus americanus Combined 4050 4 40

 Gulf kingfish Menticirrhus littoralis Combined 2 24 25

 Northern kingfish Menticirrhus saxatilis Combined 1196 4 38

 Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus Combined 6220 1 49

 Black drum Pogonias cromis Combined 56 16 105
Page 24

Species

Gender N

Length Range

(cm)

Common Name Scientific Name Min. Max.

 Red drum Sciaenops ocellatus Combined 34 9 114

 Star drum Stellifer lanceolatus Combined 2 13 14

 Jackknife-fish Equetus lanceolatus Combined 26 17 32

 Cubbyu Equetus umbrosus Combined 244 9 36

 Red goatfish Mullus auratus Combined 99 6 18

 Spotted goatfish Pseudupeneus maculatus Combined 17 7 22

 Dwarf goatfish Upeneus parvus Combined 59 6 15

 Atlantic spadefish Chaetodipterus faber Combined 454 3 51

 Spotfin butterflyfish Chaetodon ocellatus Combined 81 4 19

 Bank butterflyfish Chaetodon aya Combined 21 5 15

 Reef butterflyfish Chaetodon sedentarius Combined 69 7 14

 Queen angelfish Holacanthus ciliaris Combined 1 19 19

 Blue angelfish Holacanthus bermudensis Combined 52 18 45

 Damselfish uncl Pomacentridae Combined 2 13 13

 Yellowtail reeffish Chromis enchrysurus Combined 46 3 12

 Striped mullet Mugil cephalus Combined 19 11 33

 White mullet Mugil curema Combined 6 10 15

 Northern sennet Sphyraena borealis Combined 307 4 40

 Guaguanche Sphyraena guachancho Combined 55 4 40

 Tautog Tautoga onitis Combined 177 11 69

 Cunner Tautogolabrus adspersus Combined 5325 3 49

 Creole wrasse Clepticus parrae Combined 6 6 8

 Red hogfish Decodon puellaris Combined 2 17 17

 Pearly razorfish Hemipteronotus novacula Combined 20 4 20

 Hogfish Lachnolaimus maximus Combined 50 2 75

 Parrotfish uncl Scaridae Combined 18 5 23

 Stargazer uncl Uranoscopidae Combined 4 2 2

 Northern stargazer Astroscopus guttatus Combined 96 3 52

 Southern stargazer Astroscopus y-graecum Combined 37 3 46

 Lancer stargazer Kathetostoma albigutta Combined 102 4 35

 Crested blenny Hypleurochilus geminatus Combined 4 5 9

 Seaweed blenny Parablennius marmoreus Combined 5 3 6

 Atlantic wolffish Anarhichas lupus Combined 3126 3 122

 Clinid uncl Clinidae Combined 1 1 1

 Daubed shanny Lumpenus maculatus Combined 503 5 28

 Snakeblenny Lumpenus lumpretaeformis Combined 273 4 54

 Wrymouth Cryptacanthodes maculatus Combined 377 4 97

 Radiated shanny Ulvaria subbifurcata Combined 212 4 20

 Rock gunnel Pholis gunnellus Combined 165 2 20

 Northern sand lance Ammodytes dubius Combined 6437 3 28

 Spotfin dragonet Foetorepus agassizi Combined 52 3 32

 Goby uncl Gobiidae Combined 47 2 20

 Naked goby Gobiosoma bosc Combined 6 4 4

 Ocean surgeon Acanthurus bahianus Combined 6 3 13

 Black gemfish Nesiarchus nasutus Combined 1 32 32
Page 25

Species

Gender N

Length Range

(cm)

Common Name Scientific Name Min. Max.

 Conejo Promethichthys prometheus Combined 63 7 41

 Simonys frostfish Benthodesmus simonyi Combined 58 12 61

 Atlantic cutlassfish Trichiurus lepturus Combined 741 6 92

 Atlantic bonito Sarda sarda Combined 52 23 58

 Striped bonito Sarda orientalis Combined 2 55 57

 Chub mackerel Scomber japonicus Combined 317 4 37

 Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus Combined 29799 4 51

 King mackerel Scomberomorus cavalla Combined 114 2 117

 Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus maculatus Combined 966 3 89

 Swordfish Xiphias gladius Combined 4 85 131

 White marlin Tetrapturus albidus Combined 3 3 3

 Barrelfish Hyperoglyphe perciformis Combined 2 7 35

 Silver rag Ariomma bondi Combined 116 3 50

 Brown driftfish Ariomma melanum Combined 8 5 19

 Spotted driftfish Ariomma regulus Combined 37 1 25

 Bigeye cigarfish Cubiceps pauciradiatus Combined 32 6 17

 Butterfish Peprilus triacanthus Combined 32991 1 29

 Harvestfish Peprilus alepidotus Combined 553 1 28

 Gulf stream flounder Citharichthys arctifrons Combined 9502 1 26

 Horned whiff Citharichthys cornutus Combined 6 3 15

 Anglefin whiff Citharichthys gymnorhinus Combined 2 4 5

 Spotted whiff Citharichthys macrops Combined 57 4 24

 Bay whiff Citharichthys spilopterus Combined 5 12 18

 Fringed flounder Etropus crossotus Combined 35 3 16

 Smallmouth flounder Etropus microstomus Combined 2307 2 43

 Gray flounder Etropus rimosus Combined 17 5 11

 Summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus Combined 54540 11 78

 Gulf flounder Paralichthys albigutta Combined 4 26 46

 Southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma Combined 78 2 54

 Fourspot flounder Paralichthys oblongus Combined 87984 3 49

 Broad flounder Paralichthys squamilentus Combined 7 17 35

 Windowpane Scophthalmus aquosus Combined 85545 2 48

 Three-eye flounder Ancylopsetta dilecta Combined 1 15 15

 Ocellated flounder Ancylopsetta quadrocellata Combined 26 9 37

 Peacock flounder Bothus lunatus Combined 2 2 2

 Eyed flounder Bothus ocellatus Combined 47 2 25

 Twospot flounder Bothus robinsi Combined 29 8 16

 Spotfin flounder Cyclopsetta fimbriata Combined 21 12 32

 Shrimp flounder Gastropsetta frontalis Combined 4 14 24

 Deepwater flounder Monolene sessilicauda Combined 34 3 19

 Channel flounder Syacium micrurum Combined 3 11 23

 Dusky flounder Syacium papillosum Combined 1176 2 30

 Witch flounder Glyptocephalus cynoglossus Combined 29829 3 69

 American plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides Combined 90000 3 66

 Winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus Combined 89991 3 69
Page 26

Species

Gender N

Length Range

(cm)

Common Name Scientific Name Min. Max.

 Yellowtail flounder Limanda ferruginea Combined 65187 2 58

 Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides Combined 42 15 52

 Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus Combined 912 4 154

 Hogchoker Trinectes maculatus Combined 442 9 20

 Naked sole Gymnachirus melas Combined 14 10 18

 Tonguefish uncl Symphurus sp. Combined 153 1 18

 Blackcheek tonguefish Symphurus plagiusa Combined 1740 2 21

 Spottedfin tonguefish Symphurus diomedianus Combined 6 4 18

 Northern tonguefish Symphurus pusillus Combined 2 7 14

 Spottail tonguefish Symphurus urospilus Combined 7 6 17

 Jambeau Parahollardia lineata Combined 2 7 7

 Orange filefish Aluterus schoepfi Combined 89 2 58

 Dotterel filefish Aluterus heudeloti Combined 49 12 50

 Unicorn filefish Aluterus monoceros Combined 26 10 53

 Scrawled filefish Aluterus scriptus Combined 9 13 27

 Gray triggerfish Balistes capriscus Combined 436 2 52

 Queen triggerfish Balistes vetula Combined 10 10 46

 Ocean triggerfish Canthidermis sufflamen Combined 2 26 31

 Fringed filefish Monacanthus ciliatus Combined 2 7 12

 Planehead filefish Monacanthus hispidus Combined 2240 1 31

 Scrawled cowfish Lactophrys quadricornis Combined 27 16 41

 Honeycomb cowfish Lactophrys polygonia Combined 12 21 43

 Smooth puffer Lagocephalus laevigatus Combined 68 1 34

 Northern puffer Sphoeroides maculatus Combined 1494 1 40

 Marbled puffer Sphoeroides dorsalis Combined 74 2 16

 Southern puffer Sphoeroides nephelus Combined 10 8 17

 Blunthead puffer Sphoeroides pachygaster Combined 7 9 20

 Bandtail puffer Sphoeroides spengleri Combined 19 1 17

 Sharpnose puffer Canthigaster rostrata Combined 4 5 7

 Striped burrfish Chilomycterus schoepfi Combined 68 4 28

 Spotted burrfish Chilomycterus atinga Combined 1 21 21

 Balloonfish Diodon holocanthus Combined 24 8 26

 Ocean sunfish Mola mola Combined 6 107 155

 Loggerhead seaturtle Caretta caretta Combined 90 40 107

a

Disk width measurement.
Publishing in NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE

Jon A. Gibson, Biological Sciences Editor & Laura S. Garner, Editor

Manuscript Qualification

This series represents a secondary level of scientific publishing in the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). For all

issues, the series employs thorough internal scientific review, but

not necessarily external scientific review. For most issues, the

series employs rigorous technical and copy editing. Manuscripts

that may warrant a primary level of scientific publishing should

be initially submitted to one of NMFS’s primary series (i.e.,

Fishery Bulletin, NOAA Technical Report NMFS, or Marine

Fisheries Review).

Identical, or fundamentally identical, manuscripts should

not be concurrently submitted to this and any other publication

series. Manuscripts which have been rejected by any primary

series strictly because of geographic or temporal limitations may

be submitted to this series.

Manuscripts by Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC)

authors will be published in this series upon approval by the

NEFSC's Deputy Science & Research Director. Manuscripts by

non-NEFSC authors may be published in this series if: 1) the

manuscript serves the NEFSC’s mission; 2) the manuscript meets

the Deputy Science & Research Director’s approval; and 3) the

author arranges for the printing and binding funds to be transferred

to the NEFSC’s Research Communications Unit account from

another federal account. For all manuscripts submitted by nonNEFSC authors and published in this series, the NEFSC will

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must accept such responsibility.

The ethics of scientific research and scientific publishing are

a serious matter. All manuscripts submitted to this series are

expected to adhere -- at a minimum -- to the ethical guidelines

contained in Chapter 1 (“Ethical Conduct in Authorship and

Publication”) of the CBE Style Manual, fifth edition (Chicago, IL:

Council of Biology Editors). Copies of the manual are available

at virtually all scientific libraries.

Manuscript Preparation

Organization: Manuscripts must have an abstract, table

of contents, and -- if applicable -- lists of tables, figures, and

acronyms. As much as possible, use traditional scientific manuscript organization for sections: “Introduction,” “Study Area,”

“Methods & Materials,” “Results,” “Discussion” and/or “Conclusions,” “Acknowledgments,” and “References Cited.”

Style: All NEFSC publication and report series are obligated to conform to the style contained in the most recent edition

of the United States Government Printing Office Style Manual.

That style manual is silent on many aspects of scientific manuscripts. NEFSC publication and report series rely more on the

CBE Style Manual, fifth edition.

For in-text citations, use the name-date system. A special

effort should be made to ensure that the list of cited works contains

all necessary bibliographic information. For abbreviating serial

titles in such lists, use the most recent edition of the BIOSIS Serial

Sources (Philadelphia, PA: Biosciences Information Service).

Personal communications must include date of contact and full

name and mailing address of source.

For spelling of scientific and common names of fishes,

mollusks, and decapod crustaceans from the United States and

Canada, use Special Publications No. 20 (fishes), 26 (mollusks),

and 17 (decapod crustaceans) of the American Fisheries Society

(Bethesda, MD). For spelling of scientific and common names

of marine mammals, use Special Publication No. 4 of the Society

for Marine Mammalogy (Lawrence, KS). For spelling in general,

use the most recent edition of Webster’s Third New International

Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged (Springfield,

MA: G.&C. Merriam).

Typing text, tables, and figure captions: Text, tables, and

figure captions must be converted to the NOAA-wide standard

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fonts and type sizes, don’t use hard returns within paragraphs,

don’t indent except to begin paragraphs). Also, don't use the

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indicated in the text by simple numerical superscripts, and listed

together in an "Endnotes" section prior to the "References Cited"

section. Especially, don’t use the WordPerfect graphics function

for embedding tables and figures in text.

Tables may be prepared either with WordPerfect text or with

the WordPerfect table formatting function. If text is used, then

data should be assigned to columns by using all tabs or all spaces,

but not a combination of the two.

Each figure should be supplied both on paper and on disk,

unless there is no digital file of a given figure. Except under

extraordinary circumstances, color will not be used in illustrations.

Manuscript Submission

Authors must submit one paper copy of the double-spaced

manuscript, one disk copy, and original figures (if applicable).

NEFSC authors must include a completely signed-off “NEFSC

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authors who are not federal employees will be required to sign a

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Send all materials and address all correspondence to:

Jon A. Gibson (Biological Sciences Editor)

NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center

166 Water Street

Woods Hole, MA 02543-1026 USA.

NORTHEAST FISHERIES SCIENCE CENTER

Dr. John G. Boreman, Acting Science & Research Director

Capt. John T. Moakley, Operations, Management & Information Services Chief

Teri L. Frady, Research Communications Chief
Research Communications Unit

Northeast Fisheries Science Center

National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA

166 Water St.

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The Shark Tagger -- This newsletter is an annual summary of tagging and recapture data on large pelagic sharks as derived from

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