UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Carlos M. Gutierrez

Secretary

NATIONAL OCEANIC AND

ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

VADM Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Jr.

Under Secretary for Oceans

and Atmosphere/Administrator

Oceanic and Atmospheric

Research Laboratories

Richard D. Rosen

Assistant Administrator

NOAA Data Report OAR PMEL-71

CTD MEASUREMENTS DURING 2003 AND 2004 AS PART OF THE TAO/TRITON

PROGRAM

K.E. McTaggart 

G.C. Johnson

Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory

Seattle, Washington

June 2005
NOTICE

Mention of a commercial company or product does not constitute an endorsement by

NOAA/OAR. Use of information from this publication concerning proprietary products

or the tests of such products for publicity or advertising purposes is not authorized.

Contribution No. 2810 from NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory

For sale by the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

ii
Contents iii

Contents

1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2. Sea-Bird 911plus CTD System ................. 2

2.1 Conductivity ........................... 3

2.2 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.3 Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.4 Oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

3. Data Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

4. Salinity Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

5. SEASOFT Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

6. Post-Cruise Calibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

6.1 Conductivity ........................... 6

6.2 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

6.3 Oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

7. Additional Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

8. Data Presentation and Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

9. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Figures and Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

List of Figures

1a 2003 CTD station locations for the first half of the year (upper panel)

and the second half of the year (lower panel). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1b 2004 CTD station locations for the first half of the year (upper panel)

and the second half of the year (lower panel). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2a GP1-03-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2b GP2-03-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2c GP3-03-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2d GP4-03-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2e GP5-03-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

2f GP6-03-RB cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

2g GP7-03-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

2h GP8-03-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

2i GP1-04-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

2j GP2-04-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

2k GP3-04-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

2l GP4-04-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

2m GP5-04-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

2n GP6-04-RB cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

2o GP7-04-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

2p GP8-04-KA cruise track and station locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

3a Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP1-03-KA (upper panels) and

GP2-03-KA (lower panels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

3b Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP3-03-KA (upper panels) and

GP4-03-KA (lower panels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
iv Contents

3c Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP5-03-KA (upper panels) and

GP6-03-RB (lower panels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

3d Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP7-03-KA (upper panels) and

GP8-03-KA (lower panels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

3e Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP1-04-KA (upper panels) and

GP2-04-KA (lower panels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

3f Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP3-04-KA (upper panels) and

GP4-04-KA (lower panels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

3g Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP5-04-KA (upper panels) and

GP6-04-RB (lower panels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

3h Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP7-04-KA (upper panels) and

GP8-04-KA (lower panels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

4a Calibrated CTD-bottle oxygen differences plotted against station

number and pressure for cruises GP6-03-RB (upper panels) and GP3-

04-KA (lower panels). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

4b Calibrated CTD-bottle oxygen differences plotted against station

number and pressure for cruise GP5-04-KA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

5 GP2-03-KA spring and GP6-03-RB fall potential temperature (

◦C)

sections along 95

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

6 GP1-04-KA spring and GP6-04-RB fall potential temperature (

◦C)

sections along 95

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

7 GP2-03-KA spring and GP6-03-RB fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 95

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

8 GP1-04-KA spring and GP6-04-RB fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 95

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

9 GP2-03-KA spring and GP6-03-RB fall potential density (kg/m

3

)

sections along 95

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

10 GP1-04-KA spring and GP6-04-RB fall potential density (kg/m

3

)

sections along 95

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

11 GP6-03-RB fall oxygen (μmol/kg) section along 95

◦W. . . . . . . . . 68

12 GP2-03-KA spring and GP6-03-RB fall potential temperature (

◦C)

sections along 110

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

13 GP1-04-KA spring and GP6-04-RB fall potential temperature (

◦C)

sections along 110

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

14 GP2-03-KA spring and GP6-03-RB fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 110

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

15 GP1-04-KA spring and GP6-04-RB fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 110

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

16 GP2-03-KA spring and GP6-03-RB fall potential density (kg/m

3

)

sections along 110

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

17 GP1-04-KA spring and GP6-04-RB fall potential density (kg/m

3

)

sections along 110

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

18 GP6-03-RB fall oxygen (μmol/kg) section along 110

◦W. . . . . . . . 76

19 GP1-03-KA winter and GP5-03-KA fall potential temperature (

◦C)

sections along 125

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

20 GP2-04-KA spring and GP5-04-KA fall potential temperature (

◦C)

sections along 125

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Contents v

21 GP1-03-KA winter and GP5-03-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 125◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

22 GP2-04-KA spring and GP5-04-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 125◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

23 GP1-03-KA winter and GP5-03-KA fall potential density (kg/m3)

sections along 125◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

24 GP2-04-KA spring and GP5-04-KA fall potential density (kg/m3)

sections along 125◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

25 GP5-04-KA fall oxygen (μmol/kg) section along 125◦W. . . . . . . . 84

26 GP1-03-KA winter and GP5-03-KA fall potential temperature (◦C)

sections along 140◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

27 GP2-04-KA spring and GP5-04-KA fall potential temperature (◦C)

sections along 140◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

28 GP1-03-KA winter and GP5-03-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 140◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

29 GP2-04-KA spring and GP5-04-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 140◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

30 GP1-03-KA winter and GP5-03-KA fall potential density (kg/m3)

sections along 140◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

31 GP2-04-KA spring and GP5-04-KA fall potential density (kg/m3)

sections along 140◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

32 GP5-04-KA fall oxygen (μmol/kg) section along 140◦W. . . . . . . . 92

33 GP3-03-KA summer and GP7-03-KA fall potential temperature (◦C)

sections along 155◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

34 GP3-04-KA summer and GP7-04-KA fall potential temperature (◦C)

sections along 155◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

35 GP3-03-KA summer and GP7-03-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 155◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

36 GP3-04-KA summer and GP7-04-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 155◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

37 GP3-03-KA summer and GP7-03-KA fall potential density (kg/m3)

sections along 155◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

38 GP3-04-KA summer and GP7-04-KA fall potential density (kg/m3)

sections along 155◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

39 GP3-04-KA summer oxygen (μmol/kg) section along 155◦W. . . . . 100

40 GP3-03-KA summer and GP7-03-KA fall potential temperature (◦C)

sections along 170◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

41 GP3-04-KA summer and GP7-04-KA fall potential temperature (◦C)

sections along 170◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

42 GP3-03-KA summer and GP7-03-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 170◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

43 GP3-04-KA summer and GP7-04-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 170◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

44 GP3-03-KA summer and GP7-03-KA fall potential density (kg/m3)

sections along 170◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

45 GP3-04-KA summer and GP7-04-KA fall potential density (kg/m3)

sections along 170◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

46 GP3-04-KA summer oxygen (μmol/kg) section along 170◦W. . . . . 108

47 GP4-03-KA summer and GP8-03-KA fall potential temperature (◦C)

sections along 180◦. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

48 GP4-04-KA summer and GP8-04-KA fall potential temperature (◦C)

sections along 180◦. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

49 GP4-03-KA summer and GP8-03-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 180◦. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
vi Contents

50 GP4-04-KA summer and GP8-04-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 180

◦. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

51 GP4-03-KA summer and GP8-03-KA fall potential density (kg/m

3

)

sections along 180

◦. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

52 GP4-04-KA summer and GP8-04-KA fall potential density (kg/m

3

)

sections along 180

◦. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

53 GP4-03-KA summer and GP8-03-KA fall potential temperature (

◦C)

sections along 165

◦E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

54 GP4-04-KA summer and GP8-04-KA fall potential temperature (

◦C)

sections along 165

◦E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

55 GP4-03-KA summer and GP8-03-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 165

◦E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

56 GP4-04-KA summer and GP8-04-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections

along 165

◦E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

57 GP4-03-KA summer and GP8-03-KA fall potential density (kg/m

3

)

sections along 165

◦E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

58 GP4-04-KA summer and GP8-04-KA fall potential density (kg/m

3

)

sections along 165

◦E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

59 GP2-03-KA spring (April 10−22, 2003) and GP6-03-RB fall (October

27−November 5, 2003) compositeθ-S diagrams along 95

◦W. . . . . . 122

60 GP1-04-KA spring (April 11−19, 2004) and GP6-04-RB fall (November 2−10, 2004) composite θ-S diagrams along 95◦W. . . . . . . . . 123

61 GP2-03-KA spring (March 30−April 10, 2003) and GP6-03-RB fall

(November 8−14, 2003) compositeθ-S diagrams along 110

◦W. . . . 124

62 GP1-04-KA spring (March 31−April 7, 2004) and GP6-04-RB fall

(November 14−21, 2004) compositeθ-S diagrams along 110

◦W. . . . 125

63 GP1-03-KA winter (January 27−February 7, 2003) and GP5-03-KA

summer (August 28−September 9, 2003) compositeθ-S diagrams

along 125

◦W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

64 GP2-04-KA spring (May 1−12, 2004) and GP5-04-KA fall (September 21−29, 2004) composite θ-S diagram along 125◦W. . . . . . . . . 127

65 GP1-03-KA winter (January 11−20, 2003) and GP5-03-KA fall (September 12−24, 2003) composite θ-S diagrams along 140◦W. . . . . . . . 128

66 GP2-04-KA spring (May 20−28, 2004) and GP5-04-KA fall (September 7−14, 2004) composite θ-S diagrams along 140◦W. . . . . . . . . 129

67 GP3-03-KA summer (June 12−20, 2003) and GP7-03-KA fall (October 19−27, 2003) composite θ-S diagrams along 155◦W. . . . . . . 130

68 GP3-04-KA summer (June 20−29, 2004) and GP7-04-KA fall (October 30−November 5, 2004) composite θ-S diagrams along 155◦W. . 131

69 GP3-03-KA summer (June 24−July 3, 2003) and GP7-03-KA fall

(November 3−10, 2003) compositeθ-S diagrams along 170

◦W. . . . 132

70 GP3-04-KA summer (June 5−12, 2004) and GP7-04-KA fall (November 8−15, 2004) composite θ-S diagrams along 170◦W. . . . . . . . . 133

71 GP4-03-KA summer (July 23−August 2, 2003) and GP8-03-KA fall

(November 29−December 8, 2003) compositeθ-S diagrams along 180

◦.134

72 GP4-04-KA summer (August 1−12, 2004) and GP8-04-KA winter

(December 3−12, 2004) compositeθ-S diagrams along 180

◦. . . . . . 135

73 GP4-03-KA summer (July 12−19, 2003) and GP8-03-KA fall (November 18−25, 2003) composite θ-S diagrams along 165◦E. . . . . . . . . 136

74 GP4-04-KA summer (July 21−27, 2004) and GP8-04-KA fall (November 23−30, 2004) composite θ-S diagrams along 165◦E. . . . . . . . . 137

75 GP6-03-RB fall compositeθ-O

2 diagrams along 95

◦W (October 27

−

November 5, 2003) and 110

◦W (November 8

−14, 2003). . . . . . . . 138
Contents vii

76 GP5-04-KA fall composite θ-O2 diagrams along 125◦W (September

21−29, 2004) and 140◦W (September 7−14, 2004). . . . . . . . . . . 139

77 GP3-04-KA summer composite θ-O2 diagrams along 155◦W (June

20−29, 2004) and 170◦W (July 5−12, 2004). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

List of Tables

1a GP1-03-KA CTD Cast Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

1b GP2-03-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

1c GP3-03-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

1d GP4-03-KA CTD Cast Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

1e GP5-03-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

1f GP6-03-RB CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

1g GP7-03-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

1h GP8-03-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

1i GP1-04-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

1j GP2-04-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

1k GP3-04-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

1l GP4-04-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

1m GP5-04-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

1n GP6-04-RB CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

1o GP7-04-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

1p GP8-04-KA CTD Cast Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

2 Station groupings for CTD conductivity calibrations. . . . . . . . . . 50

3 Weather condition code used to describe each set of CTD measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

4 Sea state code used to describe each set of CTD measurements . . . 141

5 Visibility code used to describe each set of CTD measurements . . . 141

6 Cloud type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

7 Cloud amount. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 as Part of the

TAO/TRITON Program

K.E. McTaggart and G.C. Johnson

Abstract. During 2003 and 2004, CTD data were collected in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during

cruises to service the TAO/TRITON array, a network of deep ocean moored buoys deployed to support ENSO research and forecasting. Summaries of Sea-Bird CTD measurements and hydrographic

data acquired on 16 cruises are presented. Composite potential temperature-salinity diagrams and

section plots of oceanographic variables along 95◦W, 110◦W, 125◦W, 140◦W, 155◦W, 170◦W, 180◦,

and 165◦E meridians are given. Profiles including station location, meteorological conditions, and

abbreviated CTD data listings are shown on the report CD for each cast. Hydrographic data are

listed for each cruise on the report CD.

1. Introduction

CTD data are collected in the equatorial Pacific Ocean in conjunction with

the maintenance of the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO)/TRITON array.

TAO/TRITON servicing cruises (and the shipboard measurements that are

an integral part of them) are support for NOAA’s strategic plan element to

Implement Seasonal-to-Interannual Climate Forecasts, and support of the

International Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) program,

the El Ni ̃no/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Observing System, the Global

Ocean Observing System (GOOS), and the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS).

The TAO/TRITON array, completed in 1994, consists of approximately

70 deep ocean moorings within 8 degrees of the equator spanning the Pacific

Basin from 95◦W to 137◦E. Moorings west of 165◦E are maintained by the

Japan Agency for Marine Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). High

quality oceanographic and surface meteorological data are recorded and reported in real time using the Argos satellite data telemetry system. These

data are used to improve understanding, modeling, and prediction of the

global interannual climate fluctuations associated with the El Ni ̃no-Southern

Oscillation phenomena in the tropical Pacific Ocean.

The primary objective of TAO/TRITON cruises is the recovery and deployment of moorings. Each mooring line is occupied twice a year, once

during the first half of the year, and again approximately 4–7 months later.

Figures 1a and b show the CTD station locations for each half-yearly occupation during 2003–2004. Many CTD stations were skipped during the second

occupation of 125◦W and 140◦W during 2004 owing to the ship’s mechanical problems. At a minimum, CTD casts supporting the TAO/TRITON

program are conducted at each mooring site to a depth of 1000 m. As time

allows, additional CTD work is prioritized as follows: (1) 1000 m casts at

1-degree intervals between 12◦N and 8◦S along the ship’s trackline, (2) deep

casts at mooring sites to a minimum depth of 3000 m or a maximum depth

200 m above the bottom, (3) 1000 m casts every one-half degree of latitude between 3◦N and 3◦S. Although there are no TAO/TRITON moorings

north of 8◦N, CTD profiles are collected to 12◦N along the ship’s trackline
2 McTaggart and Johnson

whenever possible to measure across the North Equatorial Counter Current.

Physical underway operations include shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current

Profiler (ADCP) measurements, sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity

(SSS) measurements, and routine weather observations.

CTD measurements are used to verify moored temperature sensor data,

calculate dynamic height, and at many sites, are the only calibrated in situ

observations of the equatorial Pacific salinity field. CTD measurements are

also used to aid in the calibration of moored conductivity sensor data. These

CTD data are quickly processed, calibrated, and distributed internationally

to a wide variety of users: biological, chemical, and physical oceanographers

at universities and government laboratories, including NOAA/NCEP, for

improvement of ENSO predictions.

Summaries of CTD measurements and hydrographic data collected on 16

cruises during 2003 and 2004 are presented here. Data include meridional

sections across the equator along 95◦W, 110◦W, 125◦W, 140◦W, 155◦W,

170◦W, 180◦, and 165◦E. Figures 2a–p show the cruise track and CTD station locations for each cruise. Tables 1a–p summarize CTD station information for each cruise. Cruise name notation is GPx-yy-zz, where x is the

sequential cruise number during each year, yy is the year (03 or 04), and zz

is the ship code (KA for the NOAA ship Ka’imimoana, RB for the NOAA

ship Ronald H. Brown). Sea-Bird 911plus systems are used to acquire CTD

data on all cruises. Pressure, temperature, and conductivity are sampled at

a rate of 24 Hz. A Sea-Bird 43 oxygen sensor was added to the primary sensor suite during GP603, GP304, and GP504. Water samples are collected on

the upcast using an electronically fired rosette sampler and used to calibrate

CTD data (see section 6). Salinity is analyzed using an autosalinometer

(see section 4). Sample oxygen concentrations during GP603, GP304, and

GP504 were measured using the Winkler method as specified in the WOCE

Operations Manual (1994).

2. Sea-Bird 911plus CTD System

The Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. (SBE) 911plus CTD system is a real-time data

system with the CTD data from the SBE 9plus underwater unit transmitted

via a conducting cable to the SBE 11plus deck unit. The serial data from

the underwater unit are sent to the deck unit in RS-232 NRZ format. The

deck unit decodes the serial data and sends it to a personal computer for

display and storage using Sea-Bird SEASOFT software program SEASAVE.

The SBE 911plus CTD system transmits data from its primary and auxiliary

sensors in the form of binary number equivalents of the frequency or voltage

outputs from those sensors. These are referred to as the raw data. The

calculations required to convert raw data to engineering units are performed

in the software, either in real time, or after the data has been stored in a

disk file (Seasoft, 1994).
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 3

2.1 Conductivity

The flow-through conductivity sensing element is a glass tube (cell) with

three platinum electrodes. The resistance measured between the center electrode and end electrode pair is determined by the cell geometry and the

specific conductance of the fluid within the cell, and controls the output

frequency of a Wien Bridge circuit. The sensor has a frequency output

of approximately 3 to 12 kHz corresponding to conductivity from 0 to 7

Siemens/meter (0 to 70 mmho/cm). The SBE conductivity sensor has a

typical accuracy/stability of ±0.0003 S/m/month, and resolution of 0.00004

S/m at 24 Hz.

Sensor calibrations are performed at Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. in Bellevue, Washington on a roughly annual basis. Conductivity calibration certificates show an equation containing the appropriate pressure-dependent

correction term to account for the effect of hydrostatic loading (pressure) on

the conductivity cell:

C(S/m) = (g + hf 2 + if 3 + jf 4)/[10(1 + ctcor t + cpcor p)]

where g, h, i, j, ctcor, and cpcor are calibration coefficients, f is the instrument frequency (kHz), t is the water temperature (◦C), and p is the water

pressure (dbar). SEASOFT automatically implements this equation.

2.2 Temperature

The temperature sensing element is a glass-coated thermistor bead, pressureprotected by a stainless steel tube. The sensor output frequency ranges from

approximately 5 to 13 kHz corresponding to temperature from −5 to 35 degrees Celsius. The output frequency is inversely proportional to the square

root of the thermistor resistance which controls the output of a patented

Wien Bridge circuit. The thermistor resistance is exponentially related to

temperature. The SBE thermometer has a typical accuracy/stability of

±0.004◦C per year; and resolution of 0.0003◦C at 24 Hz. The SBE thermometer has a fast response time of 0.070 seconds.

Sensor calibrations are performed at Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. on a

roughly annual basis. Temperature (ITS-90) is computed according to

T(

◦C) = 1/{g + h[ln(f0/f)] + i[ln2(f0/f)] + j[ln3(f0/f)]} − 273.15

where g, h, i, j, and f0 are calibration coefficients, and f is the instrument

frequency (kHz). SEASOFT automatically implements this equation, and

converts between ITS-90 and IPTS-68 temperature scales when selected.

2.3 Pressure

The Paroscientific series 4000 Digiquartz high pressure transducer uses a

quartz crystal resonator whose frequency of oscillation varies with pressure

induced stress measuring changes in pressure as small as 0.01 parts per

million with an absolute range of 0 to 10,000 psia (0 to 6885 decibars). Also,

a quartz crystal temperature signal is used to compensate for a wide range of
4 McTaggart and Johnson

temperature changes. Repeatability, hysteresis, and pressure conformance

are 0.005% FS. The nominal pressure frequency (0 to full scale) is 34 to

38 kHz. The nominal temperature frequency is 172 kHz + 50 ppm/◦C.

Periodic sensor calibrations are performed at Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.

Pressure coefficients are first formulated into

c = c1 + c2U + c3U2

d = d1 + d2U

t0 = t1 + t2U + t3U2 + t4U3 + t5U4

where U is temperature in degrees Celsius. Then pressure is computed according to

P(psia) = c[1 − (t02/t2)]{1 − d[1 − (t02/t2)]}

where t is pressure period (μs). SEASOFT automatically implements this

equation.

2.4 Oxygen

The SBE-43 oxygen sensor uses an electrochemical cell that is constantly

polarized. The sensor is temperature compensated using special temperature

sensing and an internal microcomputer. The interface electronics reports

voltages for oxygen current only. A linear equation of the form I = mV + b,

where m = 1.0e−6 and b = 0.0, yields sensor current as a function of sensor

output voltage. The sensor has a thermal time constant of approximately

2.5 s; and an oxygen response time constant that is temperature dependent,

increasing with cooler temperatures, ranging from 2 to 12 s.

Pre-cruise sensor calibrations are performed at Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.,

providing slope, bias, tcor, and pcor coefficients. SEASOFT computes dissolved oxygen according to Owens and Millard (1985).

3. Data Acquisition

The package enters the water and is held at 10 m for 60 seconds after the

pumps turn on in order to prime the system. The package is brought back

to just beneath the surface and the acquisition program is restarted. Under ideal conditions the package should be lowered at a rate of 30 m/min

to 50 m, 45 m/min to 200 m, and 60 m/min to depth. Ship heave may

cause substantial variation about these mean lowering rates. Cable tension

is monitored at the winch box display. Maximum cast depth is 200 m from

the bottom as reported by the ship’s fathometer.

Nominally 8–12 water samples are collected during the upcast using an

SBE rosette. Five or ten-liter Niskin sample bottles are used depending on

the cruise. Bottle closures are performed through the SEASOFT software.

Digitized data are collected on two PCs simultaneously. Raw data files

are archived on CD-ROM.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 5

4. Salinity Analysis

Bottle salinity analyses are performed in temperature-controlled environments using Guildline Model 8400B inductive autosalinometers equipped

with Ocean Scientific International, Ltd. ACI2000 computer interface and

standardized with IAPSO Standard Seawater. The autosalinometer is standardized before each run and the correction is applied in the software. Ten

scans of data are averaged for each reading. Three readings are taken per

sample and averaged for one sample salinity value. Bottle salinities are compared to preliminary CTD salinities at sea to aid in the identification of

leaking bottles as well as to monitor the CTD conductivity cells’ performance and drift. Their use in calibrating CTD conductivity on shore is

detailed in section 6. The expected precision of the autosalinometer with an

accomplished operator is 0.001 PSS-78, with an accuracy of 0.002.

5. SEASOFT Processing

SEASOFT consists of modular menu-driven routines for acquisition, display, processing, and archiving of oceanographic data acquired with Sea-Bird

equipment and is designed to work with an IBM or compatible personal computer. Raw data are acquired from the instruments and stored unmodified.

The conversion module DATCNV uses instrument configuration and precruise calibration files to create a converted engineering unit data file that

is operated on by all SEASOFT post processing modules. The following

describes each processing module used and notes the specifications in the

reduction of TAO CTD data.

ALIGNCTD advances secondary conductivity relative to temperature by

0.073 s. This is the typical net advance of ducted temperature and conductivity sensors with a 3000-rpm pump. The SBE 11plus deck unit automatically

advances primary conductivity. ROSSUM creates a summary of the bottle

data. Pressure, temperature, and conductivity are averaged over a 2-s interval after the confirm bit in the upcast data stream. WILDEDIT marks

extreme outliers in the data files. The first pass obtains an accurate estimate

of the true standard deviation of the data. The data are read in blocks of 100

scans. Data greater than two standard deviations are flagged. The second

pass computes a standard deviation over the same 100 scans excluding the

flagged values. Values greater than 20 standard deviations are marked bad.

All flagged data are excluded. FILTER performs a low-pass filter on pressure

with a time constant of 0.15 s. In order to produce a zero phase (no time

shift) the filter first runs forward through the file and then runs backwards

through the file. CELLTM uses a recursive filter to remove conductivity

cell thermal mass effects from the measured conductivity. Nominal values

are used for thermal anomaly amplitude (α = 0.03) and the time constant

(1/β = 7.0). LOOPEDIT excludes scans where the minimum velocity of the

package is less than 0.25 m/s or the package has reversed its direction owing

to ship heave. BINAVG averages the data into 1-dbar pressure bins starting

at 1 dbar (no surface bin). The center value of the first bin is set equal to
6 McTaggart and Johnson

the bin size. The bin minimum and maximum values are the center value

plus or minus half the bin size. DERIVE computes selected variables such

as salinity, potential temperature, and potential density.

6. Post-Cruise Calibrations

6.1 Conductivity

PMEL Fortran program SBECAL combines SEASOFT bottle files into one

listing. PMEL Fortran program ADDSAL reads bottle salinity data received

from the ship’s survey personnel and adds it to the combined listing by station/sample number. MATLAB functions CALCOSn are used to determine

the best fit of CTD and bottle data, where n is the order of the stationdependent linear or polynomial fit. CALCOSn recursively throws out data

greater than a specified number of standard deviations (usually 2.8). CALCOSn returns a single conductivity bias and a conductivity slope for each

station. A station-dependent slope coefficient best models the gradual shift

in the conductivity sensor within each station grouping with time. CALCOPn additionally returns a linear pressure term (modified beta) that is

multiplied by CTD pressure and added to conductivity. The order of the

polynomial was chosen to keep the standard deviation of each grouping to a

minimum while avoiding fitting to fluctuations due to noise in standardizations of salinity sample runs.

Table 2 lists the conductivity calibration coefficients determined for each

station grouping. Calibrated profiles were compared to historical deep thetasalinity profiles. For two cruises, GP603 and GP703, an additional offset had

to be applied to CTD salinity in order to bring the profiles into agreement

with the historical envelope of deep profiles.

PMEL Fortran program CALMSTR applies post-cruise calibrations to

temperature and conductivity, and computes final salinity values. Final

pressure calibrations were pre-cruise. CTD-bottle conductivity differences

(Figs. 3a–h) are used to verify the success of the fit parameters.

6.2 Temperature

Normally, adjustments are made to the bias of the thermistors using a linear

fit of the sensor drift history from calibration data taken over the previous

few years, projected to the midpoint of each cruise. These drift corrections are small (order 1.0e−3◦C). Drift corrections were not computed for

the cruises presented here, however, except for GP604. For temperature

sensor S/N 1455 used during GP604, a drift correction of −0.0007◦C was

applied. Also, a uniform correction was applied to all sensors for heating

of the thermistor owing to viscous effects. Thermistors are biased high by

this effect and were adjusted down by 0.6e−03◦C. This adjustment results

in errors of no more than ±0.15e−03◦C from this effect for the full range of

oceanographic temperature and salinity.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 7

6.3 Oxygen

Significant hysteresis between the down and up oxygen profiles at deep stations warranted using the downcast oxygen data for calibration. Primary

sensor data were extracted from the .BTL files using SBECAL1K.f for GP603

and GP304. Secondary sensor data were extracted from the .BTL files using

SBECAL2K.f for GP504. Sample salinities were matched to CTD records

by station/sample number using ADDSALK.f. Sample oxygen data were

matched to CTD records by station/sample number using ADDOXYK.f.

Upcast bottle data were matched to downcast profile data by sigma-2

using MATCH SG2 312K.m or MATCH SG2 313K.m. For GP603, RUN

OXYGEN CAL 1.m was used to determine a least squares fit with a linear

station dependent slope. Final coefficients stored in FINAL.mat and applied to oxygen sensor S/N 312 were slopes ranging from 0.3138 to 0.3202,

bias = −0.5847, lag = 8.6 s, tcor = 0.0008, pcor = 0.0001, and weight = 0.

90% of the 72 data points were used in the fit with a standard deviation of

0.6 μmol/kg. Calibrated up/down profiles with bottles overplotted were examined to verify the fit using PLOT OX.m. For GP603, it was evident that

the 8.6 s lag was overshooting on both sides of the steep thermocline owing

to too few points to constrain the fitting routine. So the lag was forced to be

4.0 s when the calibrations were applied and this resulted in more acceptable

minimums.

For GP304, the least squares fit weighted the deep water column and the

final coefficients applied to oxygen sensor S/N 313 were slopes ranging from

0.3309 to 0.3392, bias = −0.5423, lag = 3.6 s, tcor = 0.0036, pcor = 0.0001,

and weight = 0. 100% of the 63 data points were used in the fit with a standard deviation of 1.9 μmol/kg. Although the upcast and downcast oxygen

traces were separated by as much as 20 dbar, the lag seemed appropriate

with no over- or undershooting in oxygen, even in high gradient regions.

For GP504, a regular least squares fit produced the final coefficients

applied to oxygen sensor S/N 313, where slopes ranged from 0.4013 to 0.4041,

bias = −0.5590, lag = 6.2 s, tcor = −0.0041, pcor = −0.0001, and weight = 0.

99% of the 64 data points were used in the fit with a standard deviation of

1.6 μmol/kg.

CTD-bottle oxygen differences are plotted against station number and

pressure to show the stability of the calibrated CTD oxygens relative to the

bottle oxygens (Figs. 4a–b).

7. Additional Processing

SEASOFT processing modules are followed by PMEL Fortran program

CNV EPS. CNV EPS applies post-cruise calibrations to conductivity and

converts the 1-dbar averaged CTD data to NetCDF format. CNV EPS creates a WOCE quality flag associated with each record of pressure, temperature, and CTD salinity. Quality flag definitions can be found in the WOCE

Operations Manual (1994). CNV EPS skips bad records near the surface

and also any records flagged bad by SEASOFT. Measured data are copied

back to 0 dbar and gaps are linearly interpolated such that a record exits
8 McTaggart and Johnson

every 1 dbar. WOCE flags are amended to reflect these changes. CNV EPS

calculates ITS-90 temperature and salinity (PSS-78), as well as potential

temperature (IPTS-68), sigma-t, and sigma-theta using the 1980 equation of

state algorithms described by Fofonoff and Millard (1983). Dynamic height

in dynamic meters is calculated by integrating down from the sea surface.

PMEL Fortran program CLB EPS creates individual bottle files in

NetCDF format for each cast.

When oxygen data are present, CALCTD K.m applies all post-cruise

corrections and calibrations to the profile data, and CNV EPSO.f converts

it into NetCDF format. Likewise for bottle data, CALCLO K.m applies the

calibrations to the discrete data, and CLB EPSO.f converts it into NetCDF

format.

8. Data Presentation and Access

The majority of plots in this report were produced using Plot Plus Scientific

Graphics System (Denbo, 1992). Figures 5–58 are potential temperature,

salinity, and sigma-theta sections for each meridian. Oxygen sections are

also included for 95◦W and 110◦W from GP603, 125◦W and 140◦W from

GP504, and 155◦W and 170◦W from GP304. Figures 59–74 are composite potential temperature-salinity (θ-S) diagrams for each meridian. Figures

75–77 are composite potential temperature-oxygen (θ-O2) diagrams for each

meridian of GP603, GP304, and GP504. Tables 3–7 define the abbreviations and units used in the CTD data summary listings that are presented

alongside 0−1000 m profiles of each cast for each cruise on the report CD.

Hydrographic bottle data at discrete depths are also given for each cruise on

the report CD.

These and previous TAO/TRITON data are available via the World

Wide Web at www.epic.noaa.gov/epic/ewb/ using EPIC. EPIC is a set of

programs developed at PMEL to manage large numbers of hydrographic and

time series oceanographic in situ data sets collected as part of NOAA climate

study programs. The EPIC Web Browser is a Web application that provides

interactive on-line data access to EPIC hydrographic data sets. Multiple

data file formats include netCDF data format, Classic EPIC format, and

formatted ASCII data format. Users select data by specifying data type,

latitude, longitude, and time range. The EPIC system contains a full suite

of routines to provide graphical display, data analysis, and calculation of

oceanographic parameters.

9. Acknowledgments

The assistance of the officers, crew, and scientific parties of the NOAA ships

Ka’imimoana and Ronald H. Brown are gratefully acknowledged. Oxygen titration data were submitted by Jan Kaiser of Princeton University. This research was

supported by the NOAA Office of Global Programs.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 9

10. References

Denbo, D.W. (1992): PPLUS Graphics, P.O. Box 4, Sequim, WA, 98382.

Fofonoff, N.P., and R.C. Millard (1983): Algorithms for computation of fundamental

properties of seawater. UNESCO Report No. 44, 15–24.

Lynch, J.M., L.J. Mangum, and S.P. Hayes (1988): CTD/O2 measurements during

1986 as part of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS). NOAA

Data Report ERL-PMEL-24 (PB89-102859), 261 pp.

Mangum, L.J., N.N. Soreide, B.D. Davies, B.D. Spell, and S.P. Hayes (1980):

CTD/O2 measurements during the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Study

(EPOCS) in 1979. NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-1 (PB81-211203), 645 pp.

Mangum, L.J., and S. P. Hayes (1983): CTD/O2 measurements during 1980 and

1981 as part of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS). NOAA

Data Report ERL PMEL-9 (PB81-211203), 621 pp.

Mangum, L.J., and S.P. Hayes (1985): CTD/O2 measurements during 1982 and

1983 as part of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS). NOAA

Data Report ERL PMEL-13 (PB85-239648/XAB), 421 pp.

Mangum, L.J., J.M. Lynch, and S.P. Hayes (1987): CTD/O2 measurements during 1984 and 1985 as part of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies

(EPOCS). NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-18 (PB88-102082), 341 pp.

Mangum, L.J., J.M. Lynch, K.E. McTaggart, L. Stratton, and S.P. Hayes (1991):

CTD/O2 measurements collected on TEW (Transport of Equatorial Waters)

June–August 1987. NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-33 (PB91-224527), 375 pp.

Mangum, L., J. Lynch, L. Stratton, and K. McTaggart (1993): CTD/O2 measurements during 1987 and 1988 as part of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate

Studies (EPOCS). NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-46 (PB94-109915), 621 pp.

McTaggart, K., L. Stratton, and L. Mangum (1993): CTD/O2 measurements during 1989 and 1990 as part of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies

(EPOCS). NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-47 (PB94-103249), 466 pp.

McTaggart, K., D. Wilson, and L. Mangum (1993): CTD measurements collected

on a Climate and Global Change cruise along 170◦W during February–April

1990. NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-44 (PB93-226041), 265 pp.

McTaggart, K., and L. Mangum (1994): CTD/O2 measurements during 1991 and

1992 as part of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS). NOAA

Data Report ERL PMEL-50 (PB94-219003), 742 pp.

McTaggart, K.E., M.K. O’Haleck, G.C. Johnson, and L.J. Mangum (1996):

CTD measurements during 1993 and 1994 as part of the Equatorial Pacific

Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS). NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-60 (PB97-

137418/PB97-137426) (2 volumes), 976 pp.

McTaggart, K.E., M.K. O’Haleck, G.C. Johnson, and L.J. Mangum (1997): CTD

measurements during 1995 and 1996 as part of the Global Ocean-AtmosphereLand System (GOALS) Pan American Climate Studies (PACS). NOAA Data

Report ERL PMEL-62 (PB98-109390INZ), 637 pp.

McTaggart, K E., and G.C. Johnson (1999): CTD measurements during 1997

and 1998 as part of the Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (GOALS) Pan

American Climate Studies (PACS). NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-66 (PB99-

146128/146110) (2 volumes), 770 pp.

McTaggart, K.E., G.J. Johnson, C.I. Fleurant, and M.O. Baringer (1999): CTD/O2

measurements collected on a Climate and Global Change cruise along 24◦N

in the Atlantic Ocean (WOCE section AR01) during January–February 1998.

NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-68 (PB99-155194), 358 pp.

McTaggart, K.E., and G.J. Johnson (2001): CTD measurements collected during

1999 and 2000 as part of the Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (GOALS)
10 McTaggart and Johnson

Pan American Climate Studies (PACS). NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-69

(two volumes, PB2001-107620/107621), 1054 pp.

McTaggart, K.E. and G.C. Johnson (2003): CTD measurements during 2001 and

2002 as part of the TAO/TRITON program. NOAA Data Report, OAR PMEL70 (NTIS PB2004-100845), 123 pp. plus CD-ROM.

Owens, W.B., and R.C. Millard Jr. (1985): A new algorithm for CTD oxygen

calibration. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15, 621–631.

Press, W., B. Flannery, S. Teukolsky, and W. Vetterling (1986): Numerical Recipes:

The Art of Scientific Computing. Cambridge University Press, 818 pp.

Seasoft CTD Acquisition Software Manual (1994): Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., 1808

136th Place NE, Bellevue, Washington, 98005.

WOCE Operations Manual (1994): Volume 3: The Observational Programme, Section 3.1: WOCE Hydrographic Programme, Part 3.1.2: Requirements for WHP

Data Reporting. WHP Office Report 90-1, WOCE Report No. 67/91, Woods

Hole, MA, 02543.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 11

FIGURES AND TABLES
12 McTaggart and Johnson

2003 CTD Station Locations

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 1a: 2003 CTD station locations for the first half of the year (upper panel) and the second half of

the year (lower panel).
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 13

2004 CTD Station Locations

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 1b: 2004 CTD station locations for the first half of the year (upper panel) and the second half of

the year (lower panel).
14 McTaggart and Johnson

GP1−03−KA (Jan 6 − Feb 13) Honolulu, HI − San Diego, CA

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2a: GP1-03-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 15

Table 1a: GP1-03-KA CTD Cast Summary

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 12◦ 0.7N 144◦ 46.27W 11 Jan 03 1118 0 15 5210 1002

21 11◦ 0.3

N 143◦ 15.17W 12 Jan 03 116 50 22 5309 1003

31 8◦ 59.8

N 140◦ 21.17W 13 Jan 03 911 325 14 4973 3005

41 8◦ 0.4

N 140◦ 11.27W 14 Jan 03 358 60 21 5136 1004

51 7◦ 0.1

N 140◦ 6.57W 14 Jan 03 1140 80 20 3264 1018

61 6◦ 0.1

N 140◦ 1.17W 14 Jan 03 1958 80 23 4695 1004

71 5◦ 0.5

N 139◦ 59.67W 15 Jan 03 916 86 20 4446 3009

81 3◦ 59.5

N 139◦ 58.97W 16 Jan 03 441 88 14 4342 1003

91 3◦ 0.1

N 140◦ 0.57W 16 Jan 03 1205 112 16 4307 1016

101 2◦ 29.6

N 140◦ 0.67W 16 Jan 03 1628 100 15 4400 1006

111 2◦ 1.7

N 140◦ 2.07W 16 Jan 03 2010 130 15 4377 1003

121 1◦ 30.1

N 139◦ 59.57W 17 Jan 03 203 105 15 4476 1004

131 0◦ 59.7

N 139◦ 57.27W 17 Jan 03 623 100 13 4320 1001

141 0◦ 30.2

N 139◦ 55.07W 17 Jan 03 1038 110 14 4351 1001

151 0◦ 1.0

N 139◦ 53.87W 18 Jan 03 328 100 15 4356 3020

161 0◦ 29.6

S 139◦ 54.47W 18 Jan 03 854 111 16 4270 1002

171 0◦ 59.9

S 139◦ 55.87W 18 Jan 03 1324 90 18 4223 1008

181 1◦ 30.1

S 139◦ 56.67W 18 Jan 03 1745 94 16 4341 1003

191 1◦ 59.9

S 139◦ 58.37W 19 Jan 03 654 94 15 4313 1006

201 2◦ 29.9

S 139◦ 56.27W 19 Jan 03 1147 108 14 4410 1006

211 3◦ 0.0

S 139◦ 57.17W 19 Jan 03 1602 100 17 4342 1002

221 3◦ 59.6

S 139◦ 56.17W 19 Jan 03 2338 120 18 4515 1008

231 4◦ 59.7

S 139◦ 54.07W 20 Jan 03 845 80 20 4354 3719

241 8◦ 28.8

S 125◦ 2.97W 27 Jan 03 1102 96 14 4525 3560

251 7◦ 58.2

S 124◦ 58.47W 28 Jan 03 2133 100 10 4504 1004

261 6◦ 59.8

S 124◦ 58.07W 29 Jan 03 1300 115 15 4466 1005

271 5◦ 59.6

S 124◦ 57.67W 29 Jan 03 1949 104 13 4407 1003

281 4◦ 57.7

S 124◦ 58.07W 30 Jan 03 705 109 13 4606 3703

291 4◦ 0.4

S 124◦ 56.37W 31 Jan 03 203 110 15 4488 1006

301 3◦ 0.4

S 124◦ 55.27W 31 Jan 03 910 110 16 4629 1004

311 2◦ 1.9

S 124◦ 54.97W 1 Feb 03 54 125 19 4650 1004

321 1◦ 0.0

S 124◦ 37.57W 1 Feb 03 859 110 10 4675 1007

331 0◦ 10.3

S 124◦ 24.37W 1 Feb 03 1637 95 13 4779 1002

341 0◦ 30.3

N 124◦ 38.27W 2 Feb 03 29 120 13 4600 1007

351 1◦ 0.0

N 124◦ 48.17W 2 Feb 03 444 110 13 4715 1003

361 1◦ 30.3

N 124◦ 58.37W 2 Feb 03 848 103 14 4653 1003

371 1◦ 57.7

N 125◦ 8.37W 2 Feb 03 1326 100 13 4665 3506

381 3◦ 0.0

N 125◦ 2.47W 3 Feb 03 819 106 16 4456 1004

391 4◦ 0.1

N 124◦ 57.77W 4 Feb 03 340 70 20 4357 1018

401 5◦ 6.6

N 124◦ 52.97W 4 Feb 03 340 70 20 4357 3711

411 5◦ 59.9

N 124◦ 55.67W 5 Feb 03 100 112 14 4383 1002

421 6◦ 59.7

N 124◦ 57.87W 5 Feb 03 731 146 12 4665 1005

431 8◦ 1.4

N 125◦ 0.37W 6 Feb 03 4 40 12 4647 1019

441 9◦ 0.7

N 124◦ 44.47W 6 Feb 03 727 70 6 5016 1004

451 9◦ 59.9

N 124◦ 26.97W 6 Feb 03 1537 70 8 4635 1001

461 10◦ 59.9

N 124◦ 9.17W 6 Feb 03 2341 120 10 4593 1008

471 12◦ 0.5

N 123◦ 52.27W 7 Feb 03 716 39 13 4530 1004
16 McTaggart and Johnson

GP2−03−KA (Mar 24 − Apr 27) San Diego, CA − Manzanillo, Mexico

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2b: GP2-03-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 17

Table 1b: GP2-03-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 12◦ 0.8N 111◦ 12.8W 30 Mar 03 1413 101 8 3852 3004

21 11◦ 0.8

N 110◦ 56.4W 30 Mar 03 2243 30 11 3522 1021

31 10◦ 0.4

N 110◦ 41.3W 31 Mar 03 655 95 25 3883 1000

41 9◦ 0.2

N 110◦ 25.1W 31 Mar 03 1524 40 14 3807 1007

51 8◦ 3.1

N 110◦ 10.8W 1 Apr 03 208 90 15 4373 3806

52 8◦ 3.3

N 110◦ 9.8W 2 Apr 03 10 200 10 4270 1003

61 7◦ 0.2

N 110◦ 6.2W 1 Apr 03 1053 60 20 3971 1008

71 6◦ 0.3

N 110◦ 5.5W 2 Apr 03 1855 70 18 3804 1000

81 5◦ 1.4

N 110◦ 3.7W 3 Apr 03 416 120 13 3930 1001

91 4◦ 0.8

N 110◦ 2.7W 3 Apr 03 1229 110 12 3911 1002

101 3◦ 0.1

N 110◦ 3.5W 3 Apr 03 2016 120 14 3882 1002

111 2◦ 30.3

N 110◦ 3.7W 4 Apr 03 50 90 11 3732 1002

121 2◦ 3.7

N 110◦ 4.5W 4 Apr 03 543 100 13 3850 3651

122 2◦ 3.0

N 110◦ 3.0W 4 Apr 03 2243 120 9 3740 1002

131 1◦ 30.5

N 110◦ 1.3W 5 Apr 03 337 130 8 3821 1007

141 1◦ 0.2

N 109◦ 58.6W 5 Apr 03 816 120 13 3816 673

151 0◦ 30.8

N 109◦ 55.0W 6 Apr 03 117 59 6 3824 505

161 0◦ 0.6

N 109◦ 59.1W 6 Apr 03 420 75 5 3817 3605

171 0◦ 29.3

S 109◦ 59.0W 7 Apr 03 218 130 5 4007 1002

181 0◦ 59.6

S 109◦ 58.3W 7 Apr 03 654 130 5 3954 1005

201 2◦ 29.7

S 109◦ 59.4W 7 Apr 03 2128 130 11 3883 1002

231 4◦ 59.1

S 110◦ 0.8W 8 Apr 03 1516 100 16 3379 1002

241 5◦ 59.7

S 110◦ 5.0W 8 Apr 03 2352 110 15 3494 1001

251 6◦ 59.8

S 110◦ 4.2W 9 Apr 03 718 120 14 3556 1002

261 7◦ 59.5

S 110◦ 4.6W 10 Apr 03 4 135 11 3407 3202

271 7◦ 59.4

S 95◦ 15.0W 14 Apr 03 229 114 11 3963 3701

272 7◦ 59.7

S 95◦ 15.3W 14 Apr 03 1711 150 16 3979 501

281 7◦ 0.1

S 95◦ 12.2W 15 Apr 03 14 150 17 3857 1001

291 6◦ 0.2

S 95◦ 10.1W 15 Apr 03 724 160 17 3824 1007

301 5◦ 3.5

S 95◦ 4.5W 15 Apr 03 2128 90 11 3854 1001

311 3◦ 59.7

S 95◦ 13.4W 16 Apr 03 551 120 12 3626 1001

321 2◦ 59.9

S 95◦ 11.0W 16 Apr 03 1259 125 5 3500 1004

331 2◦ 29.8

S 95◦ 11.0W 16 Apr 03 1706 135 5 3445 1005

341 1◦ 59.4

S 95◦ 10.9W 16 Apr 03 2117 70 3 3442 769

342 1◦ 58.8

S 95◦ 11.0W 16 Apr 03 2211 70 3 3445 503

343 1◦ 58.8

S 95◦ 10.9W 16 Apr 03 2314 70 3 3445 1000

361 1◦ 0.0

S 95◦ 4.8W 17 Apr 03 638 90 8 3376 1004

381 0◦ 0.5

N 94◦ 59.4W 17 Apr 03 2059 130 12 3306 1011

391 0◦ 30.4

N 95◦ 2.4W 18 Apr 03 354 130 12 3273 1002

401 1◦ 0.0

N 95◦ 9.7W 18 Apr 03 750 150 13 3425 1003

411 1◦ 30.4

N 95◦ 15.0W 18 Apr 03 1200 145 13 2590 1001

421 2◦ 0.5

N 95◦ 20.7W 18 Apr 03 1604 155 19 2867 1002

422 2◦ 0.0

N 95◦ 20.6W 18 Apr 03 1721 155 19 2941 503

423 2◦ 1.6

N 95◦ 20.4W 18 Apr 03 1807 155 19 2922 502

431 2◦ 29.8

N 95◦ 13.1W 18 Apr 03 2144 180 14 2559 1002

441 3◦ 0.2

N 95◦ 5.4W 19 Apr 03 146 165 15 3160 1002

451 3◦ 37.9

N 94◦ 56.7W 19 Apr 03 645 170 17 3086 1002

461 4◦ 0.3

N 94◦ 57.0W 19 Apr 03 957 135 14 3312 1018

471 4◦ 57.2

N 94◦ 59.4W 19 Apr 03 1618 160 13 3491 501

472 4◦ 56.6

N 94◦ 59.6W 19 Apr 03 1717 160 13 3497 501

473 4◦ 58.3

N 94◦ 59.6W 19 Apr 03 1821 160 13 3553 1005

481 6◦ 0.0

N 94◦ 59.4W 20 Apr 03 113 175 6 3212 1001

491 6◦ 59.9

N 95◦ 3.7W 20 Apr 03 812 210 3 3656 1002

501 8◦ 5.4

N 95◦ 0.0W 21 Apr 03 259 90 4 3683 1002

511 9◦ 0.4

N 94◦ 56.6W 21 Apr 03 1004 40 3 3515 1001
18 McTaggart and Johnson

Table 1b: (continued).

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

521 10◦ 1.1N 94◦ 53.3W 21 Apr 03 1701 40 8 3873 502

522 10◦ 0.8

N 94◦ 54.0W 21 Apr 03 1740 40 8 3870 502

523 10◦ 1.4

N 94◦ 53.5W 21 Apr 03 1832 40 8 3860 1003

531 11◦ 0.0

N 94◦ 51.0W 22 Apr 03 127 155 1 3992 1001

541 12◦ 1.0

N 94◦ 47.1W 22 Apr 03 920 290 4 4007 3803

542 12◦ 0.4

N 94◦ 49.4W 22 Apr 03 1224 320 7 4032 501

543 12◦ 1.5

N 94◦ 9.8W 22 Apr 03 1305 320 7 4028 501
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 19

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20 McTaggart and Johnson

GP3−03−KA (Jun 9 − Jul 8) Honolulu, HI − Kwajalein, Marshall Islands

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2c: GP3-03-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 21

Table 1c: GP3-03-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 12◦ 0.3N 155◦ 53.1W 12 Jun 03 842 60 12 5175 1005

21 11◦ 0.2

N 155◦ 40.0W 12 Jun 03 1622 60 20 5206 1003

31 10◦ 0.4

N 155◦ 28.2W 13 Jun 03 32 60 17 5256 1007

41 7◦ 57.2

N 155◦ 1.1W 14 Jun 03 739 80 7 5207 1002

51 6◦ 59.6

N 154◦ 58.3W 14 Jun 03 1449 70 10 4980 1002

61 5◦ 59.8

N 154◦ 56.4W 14 Jun 03 2134 65 7 4839 1004

71 4◦ 58.2

N 154◦ 54.5W 15 Jun 03 458 70 3 4610 1004

81 4◦ 0.3

N 154◦ 55.6W 15 Jun 03 1156 0 1 4697 1002

91 3◦ 0.4

N 154◦ 56.2W 15 Jun 03 1938 165 7 4806 1000

101 2◦ 30.2

N 154◦ 56.4W 16 Jun 03 39 90 7 4837 1001

111 2◦ 1.5

N 154◦ 55.6W 16 Jun 03 1000 0 0 4555 4003

112 2◦ 2.6

N 154◦ 54.5W 16 Jun 03 1238 0 1 4705 202

121 1◦ 30.1

N 154◦ 58.3W 17 Jun 03 201 180 8 4648 1002

131 1◦ 0.3

N 154◦ 58.0W 17 Jun 03 616 120 11 4760 1004

141 0◦ 30.3

N 154◦ 58.6W 17 Jun 03 1229 120 7 4780 1006

151 0◦ 0.8

N 154◦ 58.7W 18 Jun 03 451 120 12 4654 1015

161 5◦ 0.0

S 154◦ 59.1W 19 Jun 03 1512 20 5 5018 1002

171 6◦ 0.0

S 155◦ 1.0W 19 Jun 03 2247 40 10 5240 1002

181 7◦ 0.0

S 155◦ 0.3W 20 Jun 03 540 40 10 5148 1003

191 8◦ 14.8

S 155◦ 0.4W 20 Jun 03 1536 30 12 5303 1002

201 7◦ 59.5

S 170◦ 3.3W 24 Jun 03 1719 0 6 5396 1009

211 7◦ 0.1

S 170◦ 2.3W 25 Jun 03 1034 280 6 4683 1003

221 5◦ 59.9

S 170◦ 2.3W 25 Jun 03 1723 0 0 4879 1003

231 4◦ 59.0

S 170◦ 1.2W 26 Jun 03 758 50 10 5302 1003

241 3◦ 59.6

S 170◦ 0.7W 26 Jun 03 1521 50 6 5740 1002

251 3◦ 0.5

S 170◦ 2.0W 26 Jun 03 2224 0 0 5216 1002

261 2◦ 10.9

S 170◦ 1.3W 27 Jun 03 831 0 0 5050 1001

271 1◦ 30.0

S 170◦ 1.9W 28 Jun 03 311 0 0 5551 1008

281 1◦ 0.1

S 170◦ 2.6W 28 Jun 03 727 0 0 5066 1000

291 0◦ 30.3

S 170◦ 2.8W 28 Jun 03 1140 0 0 5727 1000

301 0◦ 2.7

S 170◦ 1.2W 28 Jun 03 1731 350 8 5537 1002

302 0◦ 0.0

S 169◦ 58.8W 29 Jun 03 801 330 17 5322 3001

311 0◦ 30.5

N 169◦ 48.6W 30 Jun 03 744 100 13 5443 1003

321 0◦ 59.8

N 169◦ 52.9W 30 Jun 03 1225 130 11 5551 1002

331 1◦ 29.9

N 169◦ 57.4W 30 Jun 03 1641 120 14 5538 1001

341 2◦ 1.7

N 170◦ 1.7W 1 Jul 03 610 120 13 5393 1000

351 3◦ 0.2

N 170◦ 0.2W 1 Jul 03 1324 130 13 5488 1002

361 3◦ 59.7

N 170◦ 0.6W 1 Jul 03 2017 130 11 1002

371 5◦ 1.0

N 169◦ 56.8W 2 Jul 03 804 60 11 3002

372 5◦ 0.9

N 169◦ 56.2W 2 Jul 03 957 70 14 202

381 6◦ 0.0

N 170◦ 1.0W 3 Jul 03 427 80 14 5579 1003

391 6◦ 59.9

N 170◦ 1.8W 3 Jul 03 1137 100 11 1005

401 7◦ 59.8

N 170◦ 4.6W 3 Jul 03 1851 90 10 1000
22 McTaggart and Johnson

GP4−03−KA (Jul 11 − Aug 7) Kwajalein, Marshall Islands − Honolulu, HI

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2d: GP4-03-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 23

Table 1d: GP4-03-KA CTD Cast Summary

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 8◦ 1.2N 165◦ 5.8E 12 Jul 03 1803 80 16 5216 3503

21 7◦ 0.5

N 165◦ 3.5E 13 Jul 03 1144 70 16 5163 1002

31 6◦ 0.1

N 165◦ 2.1E 13 Jul 03 1910 100 8 5009 1004

41 5◦ 3.0

N 165◦ 0.3E 14 Jul 03 226 100 6 4787 1002

51 4◦ 0.3

N 165◦ 0.3E 14 Jul 03 1117 140 7 4495 1002

61 2◦ 59.9

N 165◦ 1.2E 14 Jul 03 1833 80 13 4255 1003

71 2◦ 30.2

N 165◦ 0.7E 14 Jul 03 2247 90 11 4123 1002

81 2◦ 1.0

N 164◦ 59.3E 15 Jul 03 1005 50 16 4167 1001

91 1◦ 30.4

N 165◦ 0.4E 15 Jul 03 1445 30 11 4261 1011

101 0◦ 59.9

N 165◦ 0.9E 15 Jul 03 1856 0 0 4333 1002

111 0◦ 30.2

N 165◦ 0.7E 15 Jul 03 2305 100 7 4366 1004

121 0◦ 1.2

N 165◦ 0.1E 16 Jul 03 901 30 5 4411 4001

131 0◦ 30.1

S 165◦ 0.9E 16 Jul 03 1514 0 0 4440 1004

141 1◦ 0.2

S 165◦ 1.0E 16 Jul 03 1924 70 4 4437 1003

151 1◦ 29.7

S 165◦ 0.5E 16 Jul 03 2328 120 7 4458 1002

161 2◦ 0.2

S 165◦ 0.7E 17 Jul 03 343 50 6 4467 1003

171 2◦ 29.7

S 165◦ 1.7E 17 Jul 03 812 120 10 2688 1001

181 2◦ 59.7

S 165◦ 3.7E 17 Jul 03 1224 110 9 4204 1004

191 4◦ 0.2

S 165◦ 7.6E 17 Jul 03 1934 120 20 3383 1003

201 4◦ 59.6

S 165◦ 10.6E 18 Jul 03 316 110 11 2498 1005

211 5◦ 59.9

S 165◦ 3.2E 18 Jul 03 1038 110 11 3597 1001

221 7◦ 0.4

S 164◦ 55.0E 18 Jul 03 1739 80 12 3716 1002

231 8◦ 2.0

S 164◦ 46.0E 19 Jul 03 811 110 7 3893 2034

241 8◦ 3.8

S 170◦ 7.2E 20 Jul 03 2002 120 17 4575 1002

251 7◦ 58.5

S 179◦ 51.1W 23 Jul 03 1459 100 12 5541 4006

261 7◦ 0.3

S 179◦ 52.6W 23 Jul 03 2335 340 8 5075 386

271 5◦ 59.6

S 179◦ 54.7W 24 Jul 03 706 50 6 4782 1005

281 4◦ 56.9

S 179◦ 52.4W 25 Jul 03 553 30 6 5666 1002

291 4◦ 0.1

S 179◦ 55.4W 25 Jul 03 1255 90 5 5694 1001

301 3◦ 0.2

S 179◦ 54.1W 25 Jul 03 2012 90 8 5310 1001

311 2◦ 30.5

S 179◦ 53.6W 26 Jul 03 31 130 7 5433 1002

321 1◦ 59.0

S 179◦ 52.4W 26 Jul 03 502 90 10 5351 1003

331 1◦ 29.8

S 179◦ 53.3W 26 Jul 03 904 70 12 5228 1005

341 0◦ 59.9

S 179◦ 54.0W 26 Jul 03 1314 60 10 5357 1006

351 0◦ 29.9

S 179◦ 53.6W 26 Jul 03 1723 100 9 4521 1003

361 0◦ 1.2

N 179◦ 55.5W 26 Jul 03 2237 130 4 5364 3002

371 0◦ 30.0

N 179◦ 52.7W 27 Jul 03 354 100 7 5700 1002

381 1◦ 0.1

N 179◦ 51.2W 27 Jul 03 812 100 10 5834 1002

391 1◦ 29.9

N 179◦ 49.6W 27 Jul 03 1224 80 10 5570 1003

401 2◦ 1.8

N 179◦ 48.6W 27 Jul 03 1746 80 8 5481 1002

411 2◦ 30.5

N 179◦ 49.0W 28 Jul 03 721 30 6 5344 1008

421 2◦ 59.9

N 179◦ 50.4W 28 Jul 03 1118 80 8 5663 1002

431 3◦ 59.8

N 179◦ 52.1W 28 Jul 03 1817 50 5 1002

441 4◦ 57.8

N 179◦ 55.4W 29 Jul 03 900 80 8 5574 1002

451 6◦ 0.2

N 179◦ 53.6W 29 Jul 03 1607 0 0 5392 1002

461 6◦ 59.9

N 179◦ 53.2W 29 Jul 03 2239 200 10 5803 1002

471 8◦ 0.8

N 179◦ 55.6W 30 Jul 03 1041 120 8 5965 4001

481 9◦ 0.3

N 178◦ 31.9W 31 Jul 03 1103 70 15 6019 1012

491 10◦ 0.2

N 177◦ 10.6W 31 Jul 03 2304 80 15 5189 999

501 11◦ 0.0

N 175◦ 47.9W 1 Aug 03 1238 60 16 5496 1004

511 12◦ 0.0

N 174◦ 25.4W 2 Aug 03 110 70 18 5512 1002

521 16◦ 0.0

N 168◦ 37.2W 4 Aug 03 218 70 14 5180 1010

531 18◦ 0.0

N 165◦ 30.2W 5 Aug 03 208 80 12 5532 1002

541 19◦ 0.1

N 163◦ 56.0W 5 Aug 03 1453 80 12 5468 1006

551 19◦ 29.9

N 163◦ 8.9W 5 Aug 03 2139 70 9 5095 1003

561 20◦ 0.1

N 162◦ 21.2W 6 Aug 03 434 50 14 4977 1003

571 20◦ 35.3

N 161◦ 36.4W 6 Aug 03 2147 100 9 4760 1007
24 McTaggart and Johnson

GP5−03−KA (Aug 21 − Sep 28) Honolulu, HI − Honolulu, HI

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2e: GP5-03-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 25

Table 1e: GP5-03-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 11◦ 59.9N 134◦ 55.4W 28 Aug 03 1621 220 19 4854 1001

21 10◦ 59.8

N 132◦ 19.7W 29 Aug 03 1041 186 12 5038 1000

31 10◦ 0.0

N 129◦ 44.9W 30 Aug 03 410 194 9 4773 1007

41 8◦ 59.5

N 127◦ 18.9W 30 Aug 03 2011 217 14 4538 1032

51 8◦ 3.4

N 124◦ 58.9W 31 Aug 03 1150 242 18 4574 4401

61 6◦ 59.9

N 124◦ 56.9W 1 Sep 03 29 174 20 4600 1001

71 5◦ 59.9

N 124◦ 55.5W 1 Sep 03 758 148 22 4427 1001

81 5◦ 7.8

N 124◦ 53.6W 1 Sep 03 1432 145 18 4392 1008

82 5◦ 7.6

N 124◦ 52.0W 2 Sep 03 27 152 15 4365 502

91 4◦ 0.5

N 124◦ 57.6W 2 Sep 03 843 147 17 4424 1006

101 3◦ 0.5

N 125◦ 0.8W 2 Sep 03 1705 118 14 4421 1001

111 2◦ 30.4

N 125◦ 1.9W 2 Sep 03 2141 129 14 4612 1001

121 2◦ 0.7

N 125◦ 4.3W 3 Sep 03 518 131 11 4688 4402

131 1◦ 30.3

N 124◦ 54.5W 5 Sep 03 2126 120 15 4644 1002

141 1◦ 0.3

N 124◦ 45.7W 6 Sep 03 202 84 13 4609 1002

151 0◦ 30.5

N 124◦ 36.2W 6 Sep 03 636 90 14 4608 1023

161 0◦ 9.6

S 124◦ 23.6W 6 Sep 03 1255 54 14 4767 4009

162 0◦ 9.9

S 124◦ 23.5W 7 Sep 03 125 91 21 4767 250

171 0◦ 29.6

S 124◦ 28.4W 7 Sep 03 647 90 18 4590 1006

181 0◦ 59.9

S 124◦ 37.3W 7 Sep 03 1108 113 12 4662 1001

191 1◦ 29.8

S 124◦ 45.5W 7 Sep 03 1513 102 14 4597 1003

201 2◦ 2.2

S 124◦ 54.7W 7 Sep 03 1940 111 12 4653 1000

211 2◦ 30.1

S 124◦ 55.2W 8 Sep 03 15 99 20 4590 1002

221 2◦ 59.7

S 124◦ 55.5W 8 Sep 03 411 109 14 4622 1002

231 3◦ 59.6

S 124◦ 56.1W 8 Sep 03 1113 107 18 4510 1000

241 4◦ 59.9

S 124◦ 56.5W 8 Sep 03 1841 118 14 4539 1003

251 5◦ 59.8

S 124◦ 57.7W 9 Sep 03 155 124 17 4408 1002

261 7◦ 0.0

S 124◦ 58.0W 9 Sep 03 850 136 12 4465 1004

271 7◦ 57.5

S 124◦ 59.2W 9 Sep 03 2356 135 10 4570 1004

281 8◦ 55.1

S 137◦ 35.2W 12 Sep 03 2318 81 19 4221 252

291 4◦ 58.8

S 139◦ 55.6W 18 Sep 03 308 82 8 4312 1003

301 4◦ 0.0

S 139◦ 55.9W 18 Sep 03 1041 68 9 4518 1002

311 3◦ 0.1

S 139◦ 56.9W 18 Sep 03 1745 107 14 4327 1004

321 1◦ 59.3

S 139◦ 58.2W 19 Sep 03 125 104 6 4318 1003

331 1◦ 0.1

S 139◦ 58.8W 19 Sep 03 830 112 12 4245 1002

341 0◦ 0.7

N 139◦ 59.9W 20 Sep 03 631 156 8 4324 4106

351 0◦ 0.0

N 139◦ 52.7W 20 Sep 03 1016 154 4 4354 251

361 0◦ 0.9

N 139◦ 54.3W 20 Sep 03 2141 150 7 4361 1001

371 0◦ 29.9

N 139◦ 55.2W 21 Sep 03 206 134 8 4351 1006

381 1◦ 0.3

N 139◦ 57.3W 21 Sep 03 617 114 7 4327 1003

391 1◦ 29.8

N 139◦ 59.0W 21 Sep 03 1023 153 10 4471 1001

401 2◦ 1.1

N 140◦ 0.6W 21 Sep 03 1508 144 6 4386 251

411 2◦ 1.5

N 140◦ 0.6W 22 Sep 03 48 159 8 4391 1001

421 3◦ 0.0

N 140◦ 0.5W 22 Sep 03 754 153 9 4305 1001

431 3◦ 59.0

N 139◦ 57.5W 22 Sep 03 1502 158 9 4317 1003

441 5◦ 0.3

N 139◦ 58.7W 23 Sep 03 133 160 2 4468 1001

451 5◦ 59.9

N 140◦ 1.9W 23 Sep 03 904 162 8 4820 1001

461 7◦ 0.3

N 140◦ 6.4W 23 Sep 03 1557 178 7 4994 1002

471 7◦ 59.9

N 140◦ 9.8W 23 Sep 03 2236 200 10 5162 1010

481 9◦ 0.0

N 140◦ 14.8W 24 Sep 03 534 194 1 4814 1004
26 McTaggart and Johnson

GP6−03−RB (Oct 24 − Nov 22) Panama City − Panama City, Panama

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2f: GP6-03-RB cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 27

Table 1f: GP6-03-RB CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 12◦ 0.9N 94◦ 49.6W 27 Oct 03 2003 330 9 4027 202

12 12◦ 0.8

N 94◦ 49.6W 27 Oct 03 2036 340 9 4029 201

13 12◦ 0.8

N 94◦ 49.7W 28 Oct 03 45 330 9 4028 1000

21 11◦ 0.0

N 94◦ 52.1W 28 Oct 03 632 290 5 4028 1001

31 10◦ 0.9

N 94◦ 53.8W 28 Oct 03 1200 290 12 3868 202

32 10◦ 1.0

N 94◦ 54.0W 28 Oct 03 1227 280 12 3879 201

33 10◦ 0.9

N 94◦ 54.0W 28 Oct 03 1307 270 15 3875 1002

41 9◦ 0.0

N 94◦ 55.3W 28 Oct 03 2126 310 8 3540 1001

51 8◦ 5.1

N 94◦ 57.2W 29 Oct 03 720 270 17 3653 3463

61 7◦ 0.0

N 94◦ 57.9W 30 Oct 03 13 240 14 3676 1002

71 6◦ 0.0

N 94◦ 57.0W 30 Oct 03 558 240 13 3762 1002

81 4◦ 56.9

N 94◦ 59.8W 30 Oct 03 1156 230 14 3504 201

82 4◦ 56.6

N 94◦ 59.6W 30 Oct 03 1224 230 14 3499 201

83 4◦ 56.4

N 95◦ 3.7W 30 Oct 03 2013 210 13 3506 1001

91 4◦ 22.5

N 96◦ 13.4W 31 Oct 03 1536 220 15 3430 201

92 4◦ 22.4

N 96◦ 13.5W 31 Oct 03 1603 210 17 3428 200

101 3◦ 59.9

N 95◦ 0.1W 1 Nov 03 321 200 16 3448 1001

111 3◦ 39.0

N 94◦ 56.7W 1 Nov 03 650 210 15 3225 203

112 3◦ 38.8

N 94◦ 56.8W 1 Nov 03 713 220 16 3258 202

121 3◦ 0.1

N 94◦ 58.0W 1 Nov 03 1925 200 13 2713 1001

131 2◦ 30.0

N 94◦ 59.0W 1 Nov 03 2243 200 13 2744 1001

141 1◦ 59.9

N 95◦ 18.6W 2 Nov 03 651 190 12 3111 1001

151 1◦ 30.0

N 95◦ 0.9W 2 Nov 03 1051 200 10 2811 1002

161 0◦ 59.9

N 95◦ 2.1W 2 Nov 03 1416 160 13 3475 1003

171 0◦ 29.9

N 95◦ 3.1W 2 Nov 03 1738 160 12 3300 1001

181 0◦ 5.0

N 95◦ 3.4W 2 Nov 03 2257 150 10 3277 3002

191 0◦ 30.0

S 95◦ 7.3W 3 Nov 03 346 130 5 3359 1001

201 1◦ 0.0

S 95◦ 11.0W 3 Nov 03 727 130 5 3338 1002

211 1◦ 30.0

S 95◦ 14.7W 3 Nov 03 1058 140 7 3378 1003

221 1◦ 58.1

S 95◦ 19.6W 3 Nov 03 1402 140 8 3405 203

222 1◦ 58.1

S 95◦ 19.5W 3 Nov 03 1427 140 8 3406 200

223 1◦ 59.2

S 95◦ 11.2W 3 Nov 03 2242 150 10 3424 1002

231 2◦ 30.0

S 95◦ 4.9W 4 Nov 03 309 150 12 3494 1001

241 3◦ 0.3

S 95◦ 4.8W 4 Nov 03 630 160 14 3499 1001

251 4◦ 0.0

S 95◦ 4.8W 4 Nov 03 1210 130 12 3675 1001

261 5◦ 3.6

S 95◦ 5.2W 4 Nov 03 2205 160 12 3856 1003

271 6◦ 0.0

S 95◦ 11.8W 5 Nov 03 431 120 11 3694 1001

281 7◦ 0.1

S 95◦ 13.6W 5 Nov 03 1000 110 12 3878 1002

291 7◦ 59.7

S 95◦ 15.7W 5 Nov 03 2236 90 19 3996 3803

301 7◦ 59.9

S 110◦ 3.5W 8 Nov 03 1942 110 13 3423 3203

311 7◦ 0.0

S 110◦ 3.0W 9 Nov 03 150 130 12 3478 1001

321 6◦ 0.0

S 110◦ 1.5W 9 Nov 03 739 100 12 3395 1002

331 4◦ 59.4

S 110◦ 0.3W 9 Nov 03 1952 100 15 3682 1001

341 4◦ 0.0

S 109◦ 59.7W 10 Nov 03 205 120 11 3616 1000

351 3◦ 0.0

S 109◦ 59.6W 10 Nov 03 744 140 11 3735 1002

361 2◦ 30.0

S 109◦ 59.5W 10 Nov 03 1108 140 13 3885 1001

371 1◦ 56.8

S 109◦ 56.1W 10 Nov 03 2056 130 13 3981 1002

381 1◦ 30.0

S 109◦ 57.0W 11 Nov 03 28 120 12 3870 1002

391 1◦ 0.0

S 109◦ 58.2W 11 Nov 03 353 130 3 3943 1001

401 0◦ 30.0

S 109◦ 57.1W 11 Nov 03 719 140 10 3966 1001

411 0◦ 3.5

N 109◦ 55.8W 11 Nov 03 1840 130 13 3817 3501

421 0◦ 30.1

N 110◦ 6.8W 12 Nov 03 840 140 12 3767 1001

431 1◦ 0.0

N 110◦ 9.4W 12 Nov 03 1206 120 13 3796 1001

441 1◦ 30.1

N 110◦ 13.0W 12 Nov 03 1524 160 10 3811 1000

451 2◦ 1.9

N 110◦ 17.3W 12 Nov 03 1921 160 15 3738 1001

461 2◦ 30.0

N 110◦ 15.5W 12 Nov 03 2240 160 16 3687 1002
28 McTaggart and Johnson

Table 1f: (continued).

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

471 3◦ 0.0N 110◦ 13.2W 13 Nov 03 208 160 18 3828 1001

481 4◦ 0.0

N 110◦ 9.1W 13 Nov 03 756 190 14 3921 1001

491 5◦ 0.2

N 110◦ 4.3W 13 Nov 03 2108 180 12 4255 1000

501 6◦ 0.1

N 110◦ 5.5W 14 Nov 03 306 190 12 3853 1002

511 7◦ 0.0

N 110◦ 5.6W 14 Nov 03 840 180 13 3813 1001

521 8◦ 0.8

N 110◦ 5.8W 14 Nov 03 1554 190 9 4202 4002
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 29

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30 McTaggart and Johnson

GP7−03−KA (Oct 16 − Nov 15) Honolulu, HI − Kwajalein, Marshall Islands

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2g: GP7-03-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 31

Table 1g: GP7-03-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 12◦ 0.1N 155◦ 52.7W 19 Oct 03 1146 97 11 5206 1003

21 11◦ 0.7

N 155◦ 39.9W 19 Oct 03 1906 100 8 5173 1001

31 10◦ 0.3

N 155◦ 26.0W 20 Oct 03 234 73 11 5336 1003

41 9◦ 0.3

N 155◦ 12.6W 20 Oct 03 1009 94 6 5278 1004

51 7◦ 59.0

N 154◦ 58.4W 20 Oct 03 1841 92 14 5249 3002

61 7◦ 0.4

N 154◦ 57.8W 21 Oct 03 344 123 11 4994 1005

71 6◦ 0.3

N 154◦ 56.7W 21 Oct 03 1132 202 7 4757 1004

81 4◦ 59.6

N 154◦ 55.3W 22 Oct 03 341 97 9 4594 1006

91 3◦ 59.8

N 154◦ 56.8W 22 Oct 03 1138 3 7 4707 1002

101 3◦ 0.2

N 154◦ 58.0W 22 Oct 03 1852 160 11 4767 1011

111 2◦ 30.0

N 154◦ 58.1W 22 Oct 03 2304 132 8 4833 1002

121 1◦ 59.0

N 154◦ 59.3W 23 Oct 03 347 137 7 4684 1008

131 1◦ 30.2

N 155◦ 0.1W 23 Oct 03 753 86 12 4658 1002

141 1◦ 0.0

N 154◦ 59.0W 23 Oct 03 1202 150 5 4763 1001

151 0◦ 30.2

N 154◦ 59.2W 23 Oct 03 1558 129 11 4783 1004

161 0◦ 1.7

N 155◦ 0.6W 24 Oct 03 515 150 7 4673 1001

171 0◦ 29.9

S 154◦ 58.4W 24 Oct 03 957 150 12 4886 1001

181 0◦ 59.7

S 154◦ 57.6W 24 Oct 03 1401 139 6 4757 1003

191 1◦ 29.8

S 154◦ 58.1W 24 Oct 03 1806 131 10 4883 1001

201 2◦ 1.8

S 154◦ 57.5W 25 Oct 03 755 110 6 4974 3003

211 2◦ 30.3

S 154◦ 58.5W 25 Oct 03 1243 104 9 4959 1002

221 2◦ 59.8

S 154◦ 59.7W 25 Oct 03 1633 125 5 4924 1002

231 4◦ 0.6

S 155◦ 0.4W 25 Oct 03 2347 68 4 1706 1023

241 4◦ 55.6

S 154◦ 59.4W 26 Oct 03 802 99 6 5186 4803

242 4◦ 59.4

S 155◦ 0.2W 27 Oct 03 104 111 7 4912 1005

251 5◦ 59.8

S 154◦ 59.4W 27 Oct 03 804 98 8 4971 1002

261 6◦ 59.8

S 154◦ 58.8W 27 Oct 03 1451 28 7 5218 1002

271 8◦ 15.6

S 155◦ 0.3W 27 Oct 03 2336 73 4 5336 1002

281 8◦ 0.3

S 170◦ 2.4W 3 Nov 03 1735 141 5 4652 1803

291 7◦ 0.0

S 170◦ 1.2W 4 Nov 03 1127 351 3 4641 1002

301 6◦ 0.2

S 170◦ 1.1W 4 Nov 03 1822 183 1 4726 1002

311 4◦ 58.6

S 169◦ 59.9W 5 Nov 03 338 114 3 5417 1002

321 3◦ 59.7

S 170◦ 0.3W 5 Nov 03 1025 18 1 5748 1004

331 3◦ 0.1

S 170◦ 1.6W 5 Nov 03 1722 66 4 5132 1001

341 2◦ 30.2

S 170◦ 2.0W 5 Nov 03 2126 82 5 1001

351 2◦ 11.3

S 170◦ 1.5W 6 Nov 03 122 77 4 5006 1002

361 1◦ 30.3

S 170◦ 2.8W 6 Nov 03 715 83 5 5177 1000

371 1◦ 0.0

S 170◦ 2.7W 6 Nov 03 1139 71 8 4462 1002

381 0◦ 30.0

S 170◦ 3.0W 6 Nov 03 1554 87 8 5271 1003

391 0◦ 2.3

S 170◦ 4.0W 6 Nov 03 2044 96 6 4678 3002

401 0◦ 29.5

N 170◦ 4.5W 7 Nov 03 229 101 8 5582 1003

411 0◦ 59.9

N 170◦ 3.1W 7 Nov 03 653 63 12 5469 1004

421 1◦ 30.2

N 170◦ 2.1W 7 Nov 03 1112 83 7 5519 1003

431 1◦ 59.7

N 170◦ 1.0W 7 Nov 03 1620 112 8 5142 3003

441 2◦ 30.1

N 170◦ 2.8W 8 Nov 03 751 152 7 1001

451 3◦ 0.7

N 170◦ 2.6W 8 Nov 03 1212 129 19 4820 1007

461 4◦ 0.0

N 169◦ 59.9W 8 Nov 03 1904 131 19 1001

471 5◦ 1.1

N 170◦ 0.3W 9 Nov 03 228 113 16 1003

481 6◦ 1.2

N 169◦ 59.5W 9 Nov 03 909 131 12 4379 1000

491 6◦ 59.9

N 170◦ 0.5W 9 Nov 03 1557 79 13 5914 1002

501 8◦ 0.3

N 170◦ 0.8W 10 Nov 03 922 91 16 5526 1002

511 8◦ 0.1

N 179◦ 52.9W 12 Nov 03 2237 146 12 5943 1002
32 McTaggart and Johnson

GP8−03−KA (Nov 17 − Dec 13) Kwajalein, Marshall Islands − Honolulu, HI

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2h: GP8-03-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 33

Table 1h: GP8-03-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 7◦ 59.5N 165◦ 5.4E 18 Nov 03 2103 210 8 5217 1010

21 7◦ 0.1

N 165◦ 5.0E 19 Nov 03 408 197 13 5169 1003

31 5◦ 59.9

N 165◦ 4.8E 19 Nov 03 1129 218 12 5017 1001

41 5◦ 3.1

N 165◦ 3.8E 19 Nov 03 1824 172 10 4772 1002

51 4◦ 1.1

N 165◦ 0.3E 20 Nov 03 1139 119 10 4497 1001

61 3◦ 0.6

N 165◦ 0.0E 20 Nov 03 2010 128 8 4231 1002

71 2◦ 30.0

N 164◦ 59.4E 21 Nov 03 37 37 2 4125 1008

81 2◦ 0.3

N 164◦ 58.9E 21 Nov 03 519 52 8 4175 1002

91 1◦ 30.3

N 165◦ 2.6E 21 Nov 03 939 76 13 4261 1003

101 0◦ 59.9

N 165◦ 5.0E 21 Nov 03 1403 55 10 4333 1002

111 0◦ 30.2

N 165◦ 8.2E 21 Nov 03 1811 49 12 4372 1007

121 0◦ 1.6

N 165◦ 0.8E 22 Nov 03 617 303 13 4412 1003

131 0◦ 30.2

S 165◦ 9.1E 22 Nov 03 1202 353 3 4416 1001

141 1◦ 0.6

S 165◦ 5.6E 22 Nov 03 1605 31 5 4090 1004

151 1◦ 30.2

S 165◦ 3.0E 22 Nov 03 1957 18 6 4456 1000

161 2◦ 0.7

S 165◦ 0.6E 23 Nov 03 718 57 5 4469 1002

171 2◦ 30.1

S 165◦ 1.9E 23 Nov 03 1210 95 2 2754 1002

181 3◦ 0.2

S 165◦ 3.9E 23 Nov 03 1610 98 4 4214 1002

191 4◦ 0.0

S 165◦ 8.8E 23 Nov 03 2250 117 7 3379 1004

201 4◦ 59.5

S 165◦ 12.8E 24 Nov 03 932 246 12 2548 2302

211 5◦ 59.9

S 165◦ 4.0E 25 Nov 03 603 32 1 3604 1002

221 6◦ 59.9

S 164◦ 56.3E 25 Nov 03 1302 261 1 3718 1004

231 8◦ 2.3

S 164◦ 48.3E 25 Nov 03 2119 171 4 3898 3701

241 7◦ 59.1

S 179◦ 50.6W 29 Nov 03 1807 44 6 5543 1602

251 7◦ 0.3

S 179◦ 50.1W 30 Nov 03 1035 94 8 5316 1004

261 6◦ 0.0

S 179◦ 52.3W 30 Nov 03 1732 55 5 5204 1001

271 4◦ 58.5

S 179◦ 52.7W 1 Dec 03 58 14 5 5638 1000

281 4◦ 0.0

S 179◦ 53.2W 1 Dec 03 806 40 5 6026 1002

291 2◦ 59.8

S 179◦ 52.6W 1 Dec 03 1513 56 5 5156 1004

301 2◦ 30.2

S 179◦ 52.2W 1 Dec 03 1920 98 7 5408 1003

311 2◦ 0.1

S 179◦ 53.2W 2 Dec 03 636 95 10 5063 1002

321 1◦ 29.6

S 179◦ 52.3W 2 Dec 03 1051 85 10 5205 1002

331 0◦ 59.8

S 179◦ 53.1W 2 Dec 03 1448 97 6 5040 1002

341 0◦ 30.0

S 179◦ 53.9W 2 Dec 03 1850 122 10 4589 1002

351 0◦ 1.7

N 179◦ 55.5W 3 Dec 03 736 120 3 5081 5002

361 0◦ 30.3

N 179◦ 53.5W 3 Dec 03 1316 135 9 5308 1029

371 1◦ 0.2

N 179◦ 52.0W 3 Dec 03 1715 112 11 5821 1001

381 1◦ 30.0

N 179◦ 50.8W 3 Dec 03 2107 139 12 5586 1001

391 2◦ 1.1

N 179◦ 49.8W 4 Dec 03 121 129 11 5477 1002

401 2◦ 30.0

N 179◦ 49.9W 4 Dec 03 505 109 11 5151 1003

411 3◦ 0.3

N 179◦ 50.2W 4 Dec 03 853 145 11 5649 1001

421 3◦ 59.9

N 179◦ 51.9W 4 Dec 03 1531 155 5 1001

431 4◦ 59.7

N 179◦ 53.8W 4 Dec 03 2212 127 10 5672 1002

441 6◦ 0.2

N 179◦ 52.9W 5 Dec 03 523 115 9 5412 1005

451 7◦ 0.2

N 179◦ 53.2W 5 Dec 03 1234 130 6 5796 1003

461 8◦ 0.4

N 179◦ 51.7W 5 Dec 03 2055 70 15 5943 5006

471 9◦ 0.3

N 178◦ 26.0W 6 Dec 03 1002 68 15 5738 1002

481 10◦ 0.1

N 177◦ 2.2W 6 Dec 03 2332 82 17 5901 1001

491 11◦ 0.6

N 175◦ 30.2W 7 Dec 03 1322 71 15 5462 1002

501 12◦ 0.2

N 173◦ 57.9W 8 Dec 03 239 65 13 5643 1004
34 McTaggart and Johnson

GP1−04−KA (Mar 26 − Apr 22) San Diego, CA − Manzanillo, Mexico

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2i: GP1-04-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 35

Table 1i: GP1-04-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 8◦ 0.57N 110◦ 6.7W 31 Mar 04 1347 35 12 3383 3001

21 8◦ 3.57

N 110◦ 9.9W 31 Mar 04 2300 83 8 3358 504

31 7◦ 0.37

N 110◦ 7.8W 1 Apr 04 542 33 8 3702 1001

41 6◦ 0.37

N 110◦ 5.9W 1 Apr 04 1209 64 10 3816 1000

51 3◦ 0.17

N 110◦ 13.6W 2 Apr 04 1405 100 12 3822 1001

61 2◦ 30.67

N 110◦ 15.5W 2 Apr 04 1809 59 12 3716 1000

71 2◦ 5.07

N 110◦ 19.1W 3 Apr 04 310 108 9 3772 3503

81 1◦ 30.37

N 110◦ 0.1W 3 Apr 04 2314 108 12 3774 1001

91 1◦ 0.47

N 109◦ 58.0W 4 Apr 04 304 89 8 3796 1001

101 0◦ 30.07

N 109◦ 56.4W 4 Apr 04 716 62 3 3756 1002

111 0◦ 4.27

N 109◦ 56.2W 4 Apr 04 1122 59 6 3801 3503

121 0◦ 30.07

S 109◦ 53.9W 5 Apr 04 455 53 4 3827 1004

131 0◦ 59.97

S 109◦ 54.3W 5 Apr 04 825 54 7 3947 1002

141 1◦ 30.07

S 109◦ 55.5W 5 Apr 04 1205 29 8 3892 1001

151 1◦ 57.67

S 109◦ 56.9W 5 Apr 04 1610 46 10 3947 1002

161 2◦ 29.97

S 109◦ 58.8W 5 Apr 04 2000 63 9 3867 1003

171 2◦ 59.87

S 109◦ 59.5W 5 Apr 04 2328 53 19 3786 1002

181 4◦ 5.07

S 110◦ 0.1W 6 Apr 04 633 72 17 3812 1001

191 4◦ 59.87

S 110◦ 1.9W 6 Apr 04 1244 79 14 3486 1002

201 6◦ 0.07

S 110◦ 1.0W 6 Apr 04 1923 77 17 3325 1004

211 7◦ 59.67

S 110◦ 4.9W 7 Apr 04 1233 62 11 3385 3207

221 7◦ 58.67

S 95◦ 15.7W 11 Apr 04 1738 86 13 3969 3002

231 7◦ 0.17

S 95◦ 13.5W 12 Apr 04 45 106 16 3869 1002

241 5◦ 59.87

S 95◦ 12.8W 12 Apr 04 707 95 12 3776 1002

251 4◦ 59.97

S 95◦ 10.7W 12 Apr 04 1501 115 16 3826 1001

261 4◦ 0.17

S 95◦ 11.2W 12 Apr 04 2129 95 12 3650 1003

271 3◦ 0.27

S 95◦ 11.3W 13 Apr 04 402 84 11 3511 1002

281 2◦ 30.07

S 95◦ 10.9W 13 Apr 04 814 72 12 3437 1002

291 1◦ 59.07

S 95◦ 12.6W 13 Apr 04 1219 293 0 3388 1007

301 1◦ 29.87

S 95◦ 9.8W 13 Apr 04 1901 64 3 3327 1001

311 1◦ 0.07

S 95◦ 8.2W 13 Apr 04 2338 110 8 3322 1003

321 0◦ 29.77

S 95◦ 6.0W 14 Apr 04 406 139 12 3382 1002

331 0◦ 8.27

N 95◦ 4.0W 14 Apr 04 1033 118 4 3155 3005

341 0◦ 30.47

N 95◦ 4.5W 15 Apr 04 210 122 5 3278 1000

351 1◦ 0.27

N 95◦ 9.2W 15 Apr 04 538 134 7 3424 1004

361 1◦ 30.27

N 95◦ 15.1W 15 Apr 04 938 65 4 2482 1006

371 2◦ 0.27

N 95◦ 19.6W 15 Apr 04 1314 84 7 2837 1001

381 2◦ 30.17

N 95◦ 16.4W 15 Apr 04 2042 111 6 2445 1001

391 3◦ 0.17

N 95◦ 14.2W 16 Apr 04 30 123 7 2709 1004

401 4◦ 0.07

N 95◦ 8.5W 16 Apr 04 716 121 6 3581 1001

411 4◦ 56.07

N 95◦ 3.2W 16 Apr 04 1343 220 6 3298 1003

421 6◦ 0.17

N 95◦ 1.8W 16 Apr 04 2217 6 5 3694 1001

431 8◦ 5.27

N 94◦ 56.7W 17 Apr 04 2155 19 14 3634 3001

441 9◦ 0.67

N 95◦ 44.7W 18 Apr 04 717 45 17 3664 1002

451 10◦ 0.67

N 96◦ 36.4W 18 Apr 04 1514 65 17 3901 1013

461 11◦ 0.17

N 97◦ 30.3W 19 Apr 04 230 12 14 4102 1003

471 12◦ 0.37

N 98◦ 16.8W 19 Apr 04 1150 61 20 4019 1005
36 McTaggart and Johnson

GP2−04−KA (Apr 27 − May 31) Manzanillo, Mexico − Honolulu, HI

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2j: GP2-04-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 37

Table 1j: GP2-04-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 11◦ 58.3N 117◦ 42.4W 1 May 04 1947 41 14 4353 1001

21 11◦ 0.5

N 119◦ 34.1W 2 May 04 835 42 9 4241 1003

31 10◦ 0.0

N 121◦ 23.9W 2 May 04 2108 31 8 4419 1003

41 9◦ 0.4

N 123◦ 13.2W 3 May 04 903 30 1 4439 1001

51 8◦ 1.5

N 124◦ 58.6W 4 May 04 347 193 6 4732 4002

61 6◦ 59.9

N 124◦ 56.2W 4 May 04 1150 120 11 4600 1002

71 6◦ 0.0

N 124◦ 53.7W 4 May 04 1839 86 8 4403 1002

81 5◦ 6.4

N 124◦ 52.7W 5 May 04 112 109 10 4367 1002

91 3◦ 59.8

N 124◦ 55.6W 5 May 04 823 103 12 4484 1002

101 2◦ 59.7

N 124◦ 59.5W 5 May 04 1504 120 12 4472 1001

111 2◦ 30.6

N 125◦ 1.1W 5 May 04 1853 76 12 4553 1002

121 1◦ 59.4

N 125◦ 2.3W 5 May 04 2304 85 12 4674 1002

131 1◦ 30.9

N 124◦ 53.7W 6 May 04 524 25 11 4762 1003

141 1◦ 0.6

N 124◦ 44.2W 6 May 04 1002 128 16 4610 1002

151 0◦ 30.8

N 124◦ 35.3W 6 May 04 1459 332 10 4569 1002

161 0◦ 1.8

S 124◦ 12.3W 7 May 04 521 113 12 4612 4308

171 0◦ 29.2

S 124◦ 26.9W 8 May 04 106 110 15 4531 1017

181 0◦ 59.6

S 124◦ 34.8W 8 May 04 518 34 15 4687 1002

191 1◦ 29.4

S 124◦ 43.1W 8 May 04 946 30 10 4608 1002

201 1◦ 59.8

S 124◦ 53.8W 8 May 04 1406 45 13 4727 1001

211 2◦ 29.5

S 124◦ 54.1W 9 May 04 416 40 11 4589 1001

221 2◦ 59.6

S 124◦ 54.6W 9 May 04 811 45 13 4634 1002

231 3◦ 59.0

S 124◦ 55.2W 9 May 04 1511 75 15 4507 1002

241 4◦ 58.7

S 124◦ 56.4W 10 May 04 438 76 14 4549 4003

251 5◦ 59.6

S 124◦ 56.8W 11 May 04 219 72 14 4482 1003

261 6◦ 59.9

S 124◦ 58.5W 11 May 04 912 59 13 4559 1002

271 7◦ 59.7

S 124◦ 59.8W 11 May 04 1601 43 12 4510 1003

281 8◦ 29.2

S 125◦ 1.6W 12 May 04 415 57 13 4763 4302

291 6◦ 59.9

S 139◦ 55.8W 20 May 04 836 58 8 4188 1001

301 5◦ 59.6

S 139◦ 55.8W 20 May 04 1503 68 7 4136 1001

311 4◦ 59.2

S 139◦ 55.8W 20 May 04 2131 53 7 4196 1002

321 3◦ 59.9

S 139◦ 56.2W 21 May 04 404 72 9 4517 1001

331 2◦ 59.6

S 139◦ 56.2W 21 May 04 1018 62 6 4469 1001

341 2◦ 30.1

S 139◦ 56.4W 21 May 04 1359 74 9 4422 1000

351 2◦ 0.4

S 139◦ 55.2W 22 May 04 132 59 9 4331 1003

361 1◦ 30.0

S 139◦ 53.8W 22 May 04 515 41 8 4355 1004

371 0◦ 59.7

S 139◦ 53.2W 22 May 04 847 42 7 4231 1001

381 0◦ 29.3

S 139◦ 54.1W 22 May 04 1249 72 8 4266 1000

391 0◦ 2.3

N 139◦ 51.9W 23 May 04 505 69 9 4348 4102

401 0◦ 30.3

N 139◦ 52.2W 23 May 04 1022 67 3 4331 1002

411 1◦ 0.2

N 139◦ 52.7W 23 May 04 1355 88 7 4336 1001

421 1◦ 30.3

N 139◦ 53.2W 23 May 04 1734 67 4 3874 1002

431 2◦ 0.6

N 140◦ 0.8W 24 May 04 303 153 8 4386 1001

441 2◦ 30.2

N 139◦ 59.8W 24 May 04 715 68 8 4387 1001

451 3◦ 0.3

N 139◦ 58.9W 24 May 04 1037 91 6 4296 1002

461 4◦ 0.2

N 139◦ 57.7W 24 May 04 1645 107 12 4315 1001

471 5◦ 1.2

N 139◦ 57.6W 25 May 04 555 83 4 4476 4202

481 5◦ 59.8

N 140◦ 1.4W 26 May 04 330 166 6 4803 1001

491 7◦ 0.1

N 140◦ 6.0W 26 May 04 1010 239 1 4988 1002

501 8◦ 0.1

N 140◦ 10.4W 26 May 04 1641 114 3 5107 1002

511 9◦ 0.6

N 140◦ 15.1W 27 May 04 600 132 6 4809 1002

521 10◦ 0.2

N 141◦ 45.9W 27 May 04 1633 359 9 5021 1001

531 11◦ 0.4

N 143◦ 14.8W 28 May 04 229 11 5 5407 1001

541 12◦ 0.8

N 144◦ 46.0W 28 May 04 1432 28 6 5214 5004
38 McTaggart and Johnson

GP3−04−KA (Jun 17 − Jul 17) Honolulu, HI − Kwajalein, Marshall Islands

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2k: GP3-04-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 39

Table 1k: GP3-04-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 12◦ 0.6N 155◦ 52.7W 20 Jun 04 1044 53 18 5185 1001

21 11◦ 0.2

N 155◦ 40.0W 20 Jun 04 1737 79 19 5201 1004

31 10◦ 0.3

N 155◦ 26.5W 21 Jun 04 40 48 15 5343 1002

41 9◦ 0.1

N 155◦ 13.7W 21 Jun 04 734 38 20 5281 1000

51 7◦ 57.6

N 155◦ 1.7W 21 Jun 04 1553 41 20 5274 3501

61 6◦ 59.8

N 154◦ 58.1W 22 Jun 04 930 184 4 4980 1002

71 5◦ 59.8

N 154◦ 56.7W 22 Jun 04 1618 19 3 4838 1003

81 5◦ 0.6

N 154◦ 55.2W 23 Jun 04 719 98 15 4598 1002

91 4◦ 0.2

N 154◦ 56.1W 23 Jun 04 1434 91 9 4704 1006

101 3◦ 0.1

N 154◦ 57.7W 23 Jun 04 2112 96 11 4788 1003

111 2◦ 30.6

N 154◦ 57.8W 24 Jun 04 230 77 6 4837 1003

121 2◦ 0.6

N 154◦ 59.5W 24 Jun 04 808 77 9 4711 4403

131 1◦ 29.6

N 154◦ 57.8W 25 Jun 04 501 107 12 4668 1007

141 1◦ 0.3

N 154◦ 58.4W 25 Jun 04 852 78 12 4764 1002

151 0◦ 30.3

N 154◦ 58.1W 25 Jun 04 1259 89 13 4761 1005

161 0◦ 2.3

N 154◦ 59.3W 25 Jun 04 1730 93 13 4659 4404

171 0◦ 29.8

S 154◦ 59.3W 25 Jun 04 2338 86 15 4888 1003

181 1◦ 0.0

S 154◦ 58.5W 26 Jun 04 320 58 11 4751 1004

191 1◦ 30.0

S 154◦ 59.0W 26 Jun 04 712 63 16 4870 1001

201 2◦ 2.3

S 154◦ 58.8W 26 Jun 04 1222 87 14 4931 1002

211 2◦ 30.0

S 154◦ 59.6W 26 Jun 04 1607 92 11 4899 1002

221 3◦ 0.0

S 155◦ 0.6W 26 Jun 04 2005 73 16 4954 1003

231 4◦ 2.7

S 155◦ 0.3W 27 Jun 04 402 76 13 2031 1006

241 4◦ 58.3

S 155◦ 0.1W 27 Jun 04 1312 80 11 4818 4503

251 5◦ 59.9

S 154◦ 59.7W 28 Jun 04 754 64 10 5265 1002

261 7◦ 0.1

S 154◦ 59.0W 28 Jun 04 1411 0 7 5328 1001

271 8◦ 15.3

S 155◦ 1.2W 29 Jun 04 619 57 11 5292 1001

281 8◦ 1.4

S 170◦ 1.5W 5 Jul 04 1606 236 8 5380 5102

291 6◦ 59.8

S 170◦ 1.6W 6 Jul 04 124 147 2 4677 1002

301 6◦ 0.0

S 170◦ 1.0W 6 Jul 04 832 289 4 4751 1001

311 5◦ 0.4

S 170◦ 0.3W 6 Jul 04 1504 270 5 5416 1002

321 3◦ 59.8

S 170◦ 0.6W 7 Jul 04 816 15 8 5739 1000

331 2◦ 59.5

S 170◦ 0.1W 7 Jul 04 1437 11 8 5077 1005

341 2◦ 29.9

S 170◦ 0.8W 7 Jul 04 1816 319 10 2150 1003

351 2◦ 10.0

S 170◦ 1.8W 8 Jul 04 517 26 7 4961 1002

361 1◦ 30.0

S 170◦ 1.0W 8 Jul 04 1015 5 8 5377 1001

371 0◦ 59.8

S 170◦ 1.2W 8 Jul 04 1353 66 8 5036 1003

381 0◦ 30.2

S 170◦ 1.0W 8 Jul 04 1739 183 1 5705 1005

391 0◦ 1.1

S 169◦ 59.5W 9 Jul 04 951 326 5 5453 5003

401 0◦ 29.9

N 169◦ 48.9W 10 Jul 04 647 321 2 5467 1004

411 1◦ 0.1

N 169◦ 52.9W 10 Jul 04 1028 332 2 4788 1001

421 1◦ 30.0

N 169◦ 57.7W 10 Jul 04 1417 294 5 5525 1002

431 2◦ 0.7

N 170◦ 1.9W 10 Jul 04 1759 287 6 5388 1001

441 2◦ 30.2

N 170◦ 2.1W 10 Jul 04 2157 357 7 5453 1001

451 3◦ 0.5

N 170◦ 0.8W 11 Jul 04 155 15 7 5228 1002

461 4◦ 0.5

N 169◦ 59.1W 11 Jul 04 802 41 12 5682 1002

471 5◦ 1.1

N 169◦ 56.8W 11 Jul 04 1511 9 5 5807 3504

481 6◦ 0.3

N 169◦ 59.6W 12 Jul 04 1023 31 10 5413 1001
40 McTaggart and Johnson

GP4−04−KA (Jul 19 − Aug 17) Kwajalein, Marshall Islands − Honolulu, HI

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2l: GP4-04-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 41

Table 1l: GP4-04-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 8◦ 0.5N 165◦ 0.4E 21 Jul 04 813 304 6 5214 5001

21 7◦ 0.3

N 164◦ 59.8E 21 Jul 04 1632 286 4 5155 1005

31 6◦ 0.4

N 165◦ 1.0E 21 Jul 04 2306 278 4 5006 1002

41 5◦ 2.1

N 165◦ 0.1E 22 Jul 04 551 1 3 4791 1014

51 3◦ 59.9

N 165◦ 1.5E 22 Jul 04 1247 122 6 4493 1001

61 2◦ 59.8

N 165◦ 1.4E 22 Jul 04 1910 36 0 4248 1001

71 2◦ 0.6

N 164◦ 59.4E 23 Jul 04 858 74 3 4174 1001

81 1◦ 30.1

N 164◦ 59.5E 23 Jul 04 1315 86 3 4263 1002

91 1◦ 0.3

N 165◦ 0.2E 23 Jul 04 1653 21 1 4334 1002

101 0◦ 30.0

N 165◦ 1.4E 23 Jul 04 2052 229 2 4374 1001

111 0◦ 0.8

N 165◦ 4.2E 24 Jul 04 623 171 3 4409 4202

121 0◦ 30.0

S 165◦ 1.8E 24 Jul 04 1218 230 4 4435 1002

131 1◦ 0.3

S 165◦ 1.7E 24 Jul 04 1559 172 4 4435 1001

141 1◦ 30.6

S 165◦ 1.1E 24 Jul 04 1954 148 1 4458 1002

151 2◦ 0.2

S 164◦ 59.6E 25 Jul 04 255 9 10 4466 1001

161 2◦ 29.5

S 165◦ 1.1E 25 Jul 04 720 28 10 2586 1005

171 2◦ 59.8

S 165◦ 2.4E 25 Jul 04 1110 331 7 4191 1001

181 3◦ 59.5

S 165◦ 7.6E 25 Jul 04 1747 18 10 3391 1001

191 4◦ 59.9

S 165◦ 10.6E 26 Jul 04 47 96 0 2496 1002

201 5◦ 59.6

S 165◦ 3.7E 26 Jul 04 749 28 5 3601 1002

211 6◦ 59.7

S 164◦ 55.6E 26 Jul 04 1423 65 5 3720 1001

221 8◦ 0.0

S 164◦ 45.2E 27 Jul 04 202 76 10 3899 3705

231 0◦ 3.2

S 172◦ 3.0E 29 Jul 04 2329 213 2 4504 1001

241 7◦ 58.6

S 179◦ 51.8W 1 Aug 04 1759 83 11 5544 5304

251 7◦ 0.0

S 179◦ 51.8W 2 Aug 04 1204 45 12 5267 1005

261 5◦ 59.9

S 179◦ 52.4W 2 Aug 04 1840 42 11 5189 1004

271 4◦ 58.0

S 179◦ 55.1W 3 Aug 04 915 35 8 5638 1002

281 3◦ 59.7

S 179◦ 52.9W 3 Aug 04 1555 82 8 5896 1003

291 2◦ 59.6

S 179◦ 52.5W 3 Aug 04 2234 51 9 5562 1003

301 2◦ 29.9

S 179◦ 52.6W 4 Aug 04 216 90 10 5587 1001

311 1◦ 59.2

S 179◦ 53.2W 4 Aug 04 609 81 12 5342 1002

321 1◦ 29.7

S 179◦ 53.3W 4 Aug 04 955 59 10 5228 1001

331 0◦ 59.8

S 179◦ 53.9W 4 Aug 04 1326 54 9 5332 1001

341 0◦ 29.9

S 179◦ 55.2W 4 Aug 04 1709 333 7 5101 1002

351 0◦ 3.2

N 179◦ 57.1W 4 Aug 04 2159 351 2 4506 4101

361 0◦ 30.1

N 179◦ 53.8W 5 Aug 04 345 52 7 5273 1001

371 1◦ 0.1

N 179◦ 51.9W 5 Aug 04 746 41 8 5793 1001

381 1◦ 30.3

N 179◦ 50.3W 5 Aug 04 1151 28 7 5571 1001

391 2◦ 2.3

N 179◦ 49.4W 5 Aug 04 1703 14 6 4564 4117

401 2◦ 30.2

N 179◦ 48.6W 6 Aug 04 756 16 12 5296 1000

411 3◦ 0.5

N 179◦ 50.3W 6 Aug 04 1145 52 15 1001

421 4◦ 0.2

N 179◦ 52.2W 6 Aug 04 1807 100 6 5223 1003

431 5◦ 0.8

N 179◦ 54.5W 7 Aug 04 853 57 8 5653 1002

441 6◦ 0.3

N 179◦ 54.0W 7 Aug 04 1538 55 11 5529 1000

451 7◦ 0.4

N 179◦ 52.0W 9 Aug 04 2108 32 15 5644 1002

461 8◦ 0.1

N 179◦ 58.2W 10 Aug 04 938 42 13 5943 5502

471 9◦ 0.3

N 178◦ 33.5W 11 Aug 04 948 73 13 6016 1007

481 10◦ 0.4

N 177◦ 13.5W 11 Aug 04 2030 57 13 4957 1002

491 11◦ 0.5

N 175◦ 53.4W 12 Aug 04 734 76 14 5522 1001

501 12◦ 0.4

N 174◦ 29.4W 12 Aug 04 1824 22 12 5533 1000
42 McTaggart and Johnson

GP5−04−KA (Aug 31 − Oct 5) Honolulu, HI − Honolulu, HI

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2m: GP5-04-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 43

Table 1m: GP5-04-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 12◦ 0.3N 139◦ 27.8W 7 Sep 04 605 25 12 4941 1002

21 11◦ 0.6

N 139◦ 43.9W 7 Sep 04 1415 40 14 4798 1002

31 10◦ 0.9

N 139◦ 59.4W 7 Sep 04 2222 9 7 4937 1001

41 8◦ 59.8

N 140◦ 15.6W 8 Sep 04 727 52 8 5114 1001

51 8◦ 0.2

N 140◦ 10.2W 8 Sep 04 1533 172 18 3971 1008

61 7◦ 1.4

N 140◦ 4.8W 9 Sep 04 31 165 9 4989 1012

71 5◦ 0.1

N 139◦ 56.6W 9 Sep 04 1734 122 12 5006 1001

81 4◦ 0.7

N 139◦ 57.5W 10 Sep 04 525 79 10 4328 1001

91 3◦ 0.3

N 139◦ 56.8W 10 Sep 04 1211 74 7 4280 1001

101 2◦ 2.4

N 140◦ 0.3W 11 Sep 04 633 102 10 4406 1006

111 1◦ 0.4

N 139◦ 56.3W 11 Sep 04 1356 93 11 4336 1001

121 0◦ 2.2

N 139◦ 52.5W 12 Sep 04 902 115 14 4352 4100

131 0◦ 59.6

S 139◦ 54.3W 13 Sep 04 1104 62 13 4191 1001

141 2◦ 2.0

S 139◦ 57.5W 13 Sep 04 1826 178 13 4344 1002

151 2◦ 29.6

S 139◦ 56.9W 13 Sep 04 2219 117 10 4388 1002

161 2◦ 59.4

S 139◦ 57.0W 14 Sep 04 219 80 10 4391 1003

171 7◦ 59.4

S 124◦ 59.0W 21 Sep 04 115 77 12 4412 1003

181 5◦ 0.5

S 124◦ 55.5W 21 Sep 04 1814 83 16 4542 1002

191 2◦ 0.7

S 124◦ 53.0W 22 Sep 04 1102 75 11 4723 1002

201 0◦ 10.0

S 124◦ 21.1W 23 Sep 04 4 104 15 4712 3002

211 1◦ 0.4

N 124◦ 44.9W 23 Sep 04 859 104 11 4584 1000

221 1◦ 58.9

N 125◦ 4.5W 23 Sep 04 1454 100 12 4647 1001

231 3◦ 0.5

N 125◦ 0.6W 24 Sep 04 442 108 13 4421 1007

241 4◦ 0.2

N 124◦ 56.0W 24 Sep 04 1044 94 13 4496 1004

251 5◦ 8.6

N 124◦ 51.9W 25 Sep 04 52 132 13 4368 1005

261 5◦ 59.5

N 124◦ 54.1W 25 Sep 04 702 117 7 4371 1001

271 6◦ 59.7

N 124◦ 56.9W 25 Sep 04 1328 170 3 4606 1002

281 8◦ 4.6

N 124◦ 56.6W 26 Sep 04 116 86 5 4543 4301

291 8◦ 59.9

N 127◦ 20.6W 27 Sep 04 1014 124 2 4527 1002

301 9◦ 59.8

N 129◦ 49.5W 28 Sep 04 127 261 6 4766 1001

311 11◦ 0.5

N 132◦ 17.3W 28 Sep 04 1651 47 8 4957 1002

321 12◦ 0.4

N 134◦ 56.7W 29 Sep 04 843 27 14 4877 1001

331 14◦ 0.1

N 140◦ 19.0W 30 Sep 04 1346 17 16 4852 201

341 15◦ 0.3

N 143◦ 17.7W 1 Oct 04 537 41 13 4997 202

351 16◦ 0.1

N 146◦ 16.6W 1 Oct 04 2114 95 8 5408 202

361 17◦ 0.2

N 149◦ 29.6W 2 Oct 04 1344 35 16 5431 201

371 18◦ 0.4

N 152◦ 57.0W 3 Oct 04 721 195 15 5138 203
44 McTaggart and Johnson

GP6−04−RB (Oct 27 − Nov 30) Panama City, Panama − Arica, Chile

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2n: GP6-04-RB cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 45

Table 1n: GP6-04-RB CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 7◦ 59.3S 95◦ 14.7W 2 Nov 04 353 130 13 3968 1002

21 7◦ 0.0

S 95◦ 17.3W 2 Nov 04 1226 130 13 3969 1002

31 6◦ 0.0

S 95◦ 19.0W 2 Nov 04 2014 140 12 3927 1001

41 5◦ 0.1

S 95◦ 18.2W 3 Nov 04 420 140 12 3867 3002

51 4◦ 0.0

S 95◦ 8.0W 4 Nov 04 337 125 12 3672 1002

61 3◦ 0.0

S 95◦ 11.0W 4 Nov 04 938 140 11 3546 1002

71 2◦ 29.8

S 95◦ 12.6W 4 Nov 04 1306 145 12 3468 1002

81 1◦ 58.8

S 95◦ 10.4W 5 Nov 04 153 165 11 3443 1002

91 1◦ 30.0

S 95◦ 9.0W 5 Nov 04 523 150 7 3326 1002

101 1◦ 0.0

S 95◦ 8.0W 5 Nov 04 840 170 9 3337 1001

111 0◦ 30.0

S 95◦ 6.0W 5 Nov 04 1302 225 10 3380 1002

121 0◦ 0.0

S 95◦ 0.7W 6 Nov 04 236 160 4 3318 1002

131 0◦ 30.0

N 95◦ 5.0W 6 Nov 04 629 0 0 3299 1002

141 1◦ 0.0

N 95◦ 10.0W 6 Nov 04 950 200 10 3433 1001

151 1◦ 30.0

N 95◦ 15.0W 6 Nov 04 1320 190 15 2477 1002

161 2◦ 0.4

N 95◦ 18.2W 7 Nov 04 126 180 12 2974 1002

171 2◦ 30.0

N 95◦ 14.5W 7 Nov 04 521 220 15 2457 1002

181 3◦ 0.0

N 95◦ 12.5W 7 Nov 04 841 180 10 2698 1003

191 4◦ 0.1

N 95◦ 8.0W 7 Nov 04 1432 200 16 3664 1003

201 4◦ 57.4

N 94◦ 59.2W 8 Nov 04 137 170 10 3569 1002

211 6◦ 0.0

N 94◦ 56.0W 8 Nov 04 822 220 11 3504 1002

221 6◦ 59.9

N 94◦ 51.9W 8 Nov 04 1425 255 6 3782 1001

231 7◦ 58.1

N 94◦ 58.8W 9 Nov 04 8 320 9 3723 1001

241 9◦ 0.0

N 95◦ 0.0W 9 Nov 04 1044 20 12 3543 1001

251 10◦ 0.0

N 95◦ 0.0W 9 Nov 04 1840 50 9 3838 1002

261 11◦ 0.0

N 95◦ 0.0W 10 Nov 04 50 10 12 4071 1001

271 12◦ 0.0

N 95◦ 0.0W 10 Nov 04 1133 20 12 4031 1002

281 8◦ 4.4

N 110◦ 11.3W 14 Nov 04 1124 130 5 4242 1002

291 6◦ 59.9

N 110◦ 0.0W 15 Nov 04 111 90 9 3751 1001

301 6◦ 0.0

N 110◦ 0.0W 15 Nov 04 719 180 6 3694 1002

311 5◦ 6.8

N 110◦ 2.1W 15 Nov 04 1309 200 11 3932 1001

321 4◦ 0.0

N 110◦ 0.0W 15 Nov 04 2040 200 14 3877 1001

331 2◦ 59.9

N 110◦ 0.2W 16 Nov 04 230 170 12 3884 1002

341 2◦ 30.0

N 110◦ 4.0W 16 Nov 04 601 170 15 3752 1001

351 2◦ 2.6

N 110◦ 7.5W 16 Nov 04 1008 180 15 3811 1001

361 1◦ 29.9

N 110◦ 9.3W 16 Nov 04 1352 160 18 3817 1001

371 1◦ 0.0

N 110◦ 10.0W 16 Nov 04 1721 160 15 3742 1000

381 0◦ 16.5

N 110◦ 13.1W 17 Nov 04 235 150 16 3838 3001

391 0◦ 30.0

S 109◦ 59.9W 18 Nov 04 2142 130 10 3904 1002

401 1◦ 0.1

S 110◦ 0.0W 19 Nov 04 143 160 10 3965 1002

411 1◦ 30.0

S 110◦ 0.0W 19 Nov 04 554 140 17 3851 1001

421 1◦ 52.2

S 109◦ 58.3W 19 Nov 04 921 140 14 3931 1002

431 2◦ 30.0

S 110◦ 0.0W 19 Nov 04 2141 150 15 3928 1001

441 3◦ 0.0

S 110◦ 0.0W 20 Nov 04 152 150 16 3767 1002

451 4◦ 0.0

S 110◦ 0.0W 20 Nov 04 740 130 15 3824 1002

461 4◦ 59.5

S 109◦ 59.8W 20 Nov 04 2030 100 13 3612 1002

471 6◦ 0.2

S 110◦ 0.1W 21 Nov 04 237 90 15 3751 1001

481 7◦ 0.0

S 110◦ 0.0W 21 Nov 04 822 110 16 3457 1002

491 7◦ 59.5

S 110◦ 4.3W 21 Nov 04 2235 110 13 3420 3028
46 McTaggart and Johnson

GP7−04−KA (Oct 26 − Nov 20) Honolulu, HI − Kwajalein, Marshall Islands

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2o: GP7-04-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 47

Table 1o: GP7-04-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 9◦ 0.3N 155◦ 8.8W 30 Oct 04 441 70 6 5359 999

21 7◦ 56.5

N 154◦ 57.5W 30 Oct 04 1256 138 0 5275 4801

31 7◦ 0.3

N 154◦ 57.1W 30 Oct 04 2124 74 7 4811 1000

41 6◦ 0.4

N 154◦ 55.4W 31 Oct 04 629 96 7 4833 1002

51 4◦ 59.5

N 154◦ 55.4W 31 Oct 04 1508 102 5 4596 2003

61 4◦ 0.4

N 154◦ 56.9W 1 Nov 04 840 123 13 4704 1001

71 3◦ 0.3

N 154◦ 57.5W 1 Nov 04 1526 104 20 4805 1001

81 2◦ 30.6

N 154◦ 57.7W 1 Nov 04 1947 107 16 4836 1002

91 2◦ 0.5

N 154◦ 59.5W 1 Nov 04 2348 118 15 4270 1002

101 1◦ 30.4

N 154◦ 58.8W 2 Nov 04 359 92 15 4638 1001

111 1◦ 0.4

N 154◦ 57.9W 2 Nov 04 755 98 13 4759 1010

121 0◦ 30.6

N 154◦ 58.3W 2 Nov 04 1201 99 14 4767 1001

131 0◦ 2.4

N 154◦ 59.2W 2 Nov 04 1600 87 19 4641 2001

141 0◦ 29.6

S 154◦ 59.6W 3 Nov 04 753 95 17 4881 1002

151 0◦ 59.8

S 154◦ 59.2W 3 Nov 04 1127 180 0 4738 1002

161 2◦ 0.7

S 154◦ 59.0W 4 Nov 04 245 89 9 4981 1001

171 2◦ 29.8

S 154◦ 58.5W 4 Nov 04 658 105 9 4960 1000

181 2◦ 59.5

S 154◦ 59.1W 4 Nov 04 1037 109 9 4916 1001

191 3◦ 59.9

S 155◦ 2.2W 4 Nov 04 1702 84 11 2478 1001

201 4◦ 58.8

S 155◦ 0.2W 5 Nov 04 17 82 6 4805 4602

211 7◦ 57.4

S 170◦ 2.4W 8 Nov 04 1417 66 13 5378 5102

221 6◦ 59.8

S 170◦ 0.4W 9 Nov 04 1005 66 12 4743 1004

231 6◦ 0.0

S 170◦ 0.0W 9 Nov 04 1631 77 15 4799 1001

241 5◦ 1.1

S 170◦ 0.1W 9 Nov 04 2247 118 13 5399 1001

251 4◦ 0.0

S 170◦ 0.6W 10 Nov 04 528 118 16 5730 1002

261 2◦ 59.8

S 170◦ 1.0W 10 Nov 04 1149 99 16 5029 1002

271 2◦ 29.9

S 170◦ 1.2W 10 Nov 04 1534 114 12 5571 1002

281 2◦ 11.3

S 170◦ 1.1W 10 Nov 04 1809 124 11 5007 1000

291 1◦ 29.8

S 170◦ 1.5W 11 Nov 04 158 80 21 5583 1000

301 0◦ 59.8

S 170◦ 1.8W 11 Nov 04 551 84 14 5842 1001

311 0◦ 29.7

S 170◦ 2.0W 11 Nov 04 1003 88 14 5678 1010

321 0◦ 0.5

N 170◦ 0.6W 11 Nov 04 1458 103 8 5342 5014

331 0◦ 30.4

N 170◦ 2.0W 11 Nov 04 2317 130 10 5517 1001

341 1◦ 0.0

N 170◦ 2.1W 12 Nov 04 303 131 8 5454 1000

351 1◦ 30.4

N 170◦ 2.4W 12 Nov 04 705 129 7 5515 1001

361 2◦ 3.8

N 170◦ 3.2W 12 Nov 04 1450 160 8 5380 5101

371 2◦ 29.8

N 170◦ 0.0W 13 Nov 04 816 140 5 5349 1001

381 3◦ 0.0

N 170◦ 0.4W 13 Nov 04 1208 108 2 5472 1002

391 3◦ 59.5

N 169◦ 59.6W 13 Nov 04 1917 136 5 5672 1002

401 5◦ 0.3

N 169◦ 57.5W 14 Nov 04 224 78 2 5802 1002

411 5◦ 59.5

N 169◦ 58.4W 14 Nov 04 900 34 4 5421 1000

421 6◦ 59.6

N 170◦ 1.2W 14 Nov 04 1547 60 9 5870 1001

431 8◦ 3.0

N 170◦ 4.4W 15 Nov 04 1023 75 18 5510 5013

441 8◦ 0.0

N 179◦ 51.8W 17 Nov 04 1742 67 8 5947 1002
48 McTaggart and Johnson

GP8−04−KA (Nov 22 − Dec 16) Kwajalein, Marshall Islands − Honolulu, HI

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

 130oE 160oE 170oW 140oW 110oW 80oW 

 30oS 

 20o

S 

 10o

S 

 0o

 

 10o

N 

 20o

N 

 30o

N 

Figure 2p: GP8-04-KA cruise track and station locations.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 49

Table 1p: GP8-04-KA CTD Cast Summary.

Cast Latitude Longitude Date Time W/D W/S Depth Cast

# T (kts) (m) (db)

11 8◦ 1.3N 165◦ 6.1E 23 Nov 04 2123 149 5 5209 4903

21 7◦ 0.1

N 165◦ 3.8E 24 Nov 04 540 57 1 5154 1001

31 5◦ 59.8

N 165◦ 3.0E 24 Nov 04 1202 12 1 5008 1002

41 5◦ 1.6

N 165◦ 0.7E 24 Nov 04 1806 30 6 4772 1000

51 4◦ 0.3

N 164◦ 57.3E 25 Nov 04 945 70 8 4485 1001

61 3◦ 0.1

N 164◦ 58.5E 25 Nov 04 1604 76 17 4202 1000

71 2◦ 30.1

N 164◦ 58.8E 25 Nov 04 1944 93 11 4118 1001

81 1◦ 59.4

N 164◦ 58.4E 25 Nov 04 2325 175 7 4173 1002

91 1◦ 30.1

N 164◦ 59.6E 26 Nov 04 310 213 4 4258 1000

101 1◦ 0.2

N 165◦ 0.6E 26 Nov 04 702 211 7 4328 1001

111 0◦ 30.8

N 165◦ 1.6E 26 Nov 04 1105 244 8 4364 1000

121 0◦ 0.5

S 165◦ 3.1E 26 Nov 04 1550 284 7 4373 4100

131 0◦ 29.5

S 165◦ 2.6E 27 Nov 04 1058 150 8 4423 1001

141 0◦ 59.6

S 165◦ 2.5E 27 Nov 04 1505 163 5 4543 1000

151 1◦ 30.0

S 165◦ 2.4E 27 Nov 04 1920 154 5 4451 1002

161 2◦ 0.7

S 165◦ 1.2E 28 Nov 04 309 348 5 4463 1002

171 2◦ 29.8

S 165◦ 1.2E 28 Nov 04 921 13 7 2522 1008

181 2◦ 59.6

S 165◦ 3.1E 28 Nov 04 1255 31 7 4192 1003

191 4◦ 0.0

S 165◦ 7.6E 28 Nov 04 1915 6 11 3380 1001

201 4◦ 57.9

S 165◦ 11.4E 29 Nov 04 422 4 10 2522 1000

211 6◦ 0.1

S 165◦ 3.2E 29 Nov 04 1411 49 7 3596 1001

221 6◦ 59.8

S 164◦ 55.1E 29 Nov 04 2052 351 12 3713 1001

231 8◦ 2.2

S 164◦ 46.0E 30 Nov 04 409 26 12 3891 3002

241 8◦ 1.0

S 179◦ 50.9W 3 Dec 04 1632 259 12 5527 5203

251 6◦ 59.9

S 179◦ 51.9W 4 Dec 04 203 338 17 5057 1001

261 6◦ 0.6

S 179◦ 53.2W 4 Dec 04 924 1 11 4573 1001

271 4◦ 57.4

S 179◦ 54.8W 4 Dec 04 1654 79 5 5657 1003

281 4◦ 0.3

S 179◦ 54.2W 5 Dec 04 16 32 3 6011 1005

291 2◦ 59.9

S 179◦ 54.1W 5 Dec 04 726 75 3 5355 1002

301 2◦ 29.8

S 179◦ 53.6W 5 Dec 04 1122 123 8 5409 1001

311 1◦ 58.6

S 179◦ 51.8W 5 Dec 04 1551 109 6 5358 3003

321 1◦ 29.7

S 179◦ 51.9W 6 Dec 04 554 115 7 5189 1001

331 1◦ 0.4

S 179◦ 53.5W 6 Dec 04 943 111 11 5349 1001

341 0◦ 29.9

S 179◦ 54.4W 6 Dec 04 1341 87 13 4657 1002

351 0◦ 2.8

N 179◦ 54.3W 7 Dec 04 536 76 8 5390 5103

361 0◦ 29.9

N 179◦ 53.3W 7 Dec 04 1035 71 2 5714 1003

371 1◦ 0.0

N 179◦ 51.5W 7 Dec 04 1403 251 0 5434 1004

381 1◦ 30.2

N 179◦ 49.8W 7 Dec 04 1734 259 4 5564 1001

391 2◦ 3.1

N 179◦ 47.8W 7 Dec 04 2151 217 7 5460 999

401 2◦ 30.3

N 179◦ 48.8W 8 Dec 04 108 220 7 5314 1000

411 3◦ 0.2

N 179◦ 49.7W 8 Dec 04 425 270 8 5657 1001

421 3◦ 59.1

N 179◦ 52.1W 8 Dec 04 1030 224 12 5695 1003

431 5◦ 0.0

N 179◦ 53.6W 8 Dec 04 1757 160 13 5662 1004

441 5◦ 59.9

N 179◦ 53.2W 9 Dec 04 847 83 16 5317 1000

451 7◦ 0.8

N 179◦ 51.6W 9 Dec 04 1518 75 17 5768 1000

461 8◦ 2.5

N 179◦ 51.9W 9 Dec 04 2310 75 22 5913 4502

471 9◦ 1.2

N 178◦ 24.4W 10 Dec 04 1330 93 23 4262 1001

481 10◦ 0.5

N 176◦ 54.0W 11 Dec 04 406 73 18 6027 1000

491 11◦ 0.1

N 175◦ 22.8W 11 Dec 04 1652 65 24 5453 1003

501 12◦ 0.1

N 173◦ 49.4W 12 Dec 04 617 63 20 5561 1001
50 McTaggart and Johnson Table 2: Station groupings for CTD conductivity calibrations. Fit Standard Conductivity Pressure Salinity Station Sensor Standard Fitting Reject Total Percent Deviation Fit Bias Correction Minimum Maximum Offset Cruise Groupings S/N Seawater Routine Std Dev Points Points Used (mS/cm) (mS/cm) Beta Fit Slope Fit Slope (PSS-78) GP103 1−47 354 P139 Calcos5 2.8 495 83.8 0.0026 −0.00018 0.9998807 1.0001408 GP203 1−54 1467 P139 Calcos1 2.8 580 85.0 0.0030 −0.00753 1.0003347 1.0005611 1−54 1697 P139 Calcop0 2.8 575 86.1 0.0032 0.00436 −5.50e−007 0.9998347 0.9998347 GP303 1−51 1467 P139 Calcos0 2.8 148 88.5 0.0027 −0.01230 1.0008723 1.0008723 1−51 1697 P139 Calcop0 2.8 291 73.9 0.0027 0.00472 −1.59e−006 0.9999931 0.9999931 GP403 1−57 1697 P141 Calcos0 2.8 641 83.9 0.0039 −0.00531 1.0002480 1.0002480 GP503 1−27 1697 P141 Calcos0 2.8 323 76.8 0.0018 0.00093 −7.41e−007 0.9999863 0.9999863 28−48 1697 P141 Calcos0 2.8 171 85.4 0.0019 −0.00350 −7.41e−007 1.0001628 1.0001628 GP603 1−52 1177 P141 Calcos1 2.8 570 82.3 0.0029 −0.01716 1.0006714 1.0007877 −0.0060 GP703 1−39 1697 P141 Calcos0 2.8 446 86.3 0.0035 −0.00800 1.0003798 1.0003798 −0.0036 41−51 1537 P141 Calcos0 2.8 129 78.3 0.0021 −0.00811 1.0001466 1.0001466 −0.0036 28−51 0303 P141 Calcos0 2.8 92 87.0 0.0011 −0.00728 1.0004869 1.0004869 −0.0036 GP803 1−50 1537 P141 Calcos0 2.8 567 81.0 0.0029 −0.01536 1.0004159 1.0004159 GP104 1−47 1697 P141/P143 Calcos0 2.8 213 85.0 0.0031 0.00193 0.9998496 0.9998496 GP204 1−54 1697 P141/P143 Calcos1 2.8 332 91.3 0.0025 0.00033 0.9999423 1.0000239 GP304 1−27 1697 P143 Calcos1 2.8 159 93.1 0.0030 −0.00163 1.0000882 1.0001423 28−48 1697 P143 Calcos1 2.8 120 88.3 0.0023 −0.00222 1.0002412 1.0002700 GP404 1−50 1537 P143 Calcos0 2.8 303 92.1 0.0040 −0.00472 1.0000978 1.0000978 GP504 1−37 1537 P143 Calcos0 2.8 242 89.3 0.0022 −0.00555 1.0001857 1.0001857 GP604 1−49 1177 * Calcos0 2.8 302 87.1 0.0024 −0.01067 1.0002966 1.0002966 GP704 1−44 1537 P143 Calcos0 2.8 255 86.7 0.0025 −0.00621 1.0002564 1.0002564 GP804 1−50 1537 P143 Calcos0 2.8 302 86.4 0.0033 −0.01125 1.0004355 1.0004355 * P142 for cast 1–5, P143 for casts 6–39, P144 for casts 40–49.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 51 Figure 3a: Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP1-03-KA (upper panels) and GP2-03-KA (lower panels).
52 McTaggart and JohnsonFigure 3b: Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP3-03-KA (upper panels) and GP4-03-KA (lower panels).
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 53 Figure 3c: Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP5-03-KA (upper panels) and GP6-03-RB (lower panels).
54 McTaggart and JohnsonFigure 3d: Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP7-03-KA (upper panels) and GP8-03-KA (lower panels).
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 55 Figure 3e: Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP1-04-KA (upper panels) and GP2-04-KA (lower panels).
56 McTaggart and JohnsonFigure 3f: Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP3-04-KA (upper panels) and GP4-04-KA (lower panels).
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 57 Figure 3g: Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP5-04-KA (upper panels) and GP6-04-RB (lower panels).
58 McTaggart and JohnsonFigure 3h: Calibrated CTD-bottle conductivity differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP7-04-KA (upper panels) and GP8-04-KA (lower panels).
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 59 Figure 4a: Calibrated CTD-bottle oxygen differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruises GP6-03- RB (upper panels) and GP3-04-KA (lower panels).
60 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 4b: Calibrated CTD-bottle oxygen differences plotted against station number and pressure for cruise GP5-04- KA.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 61

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62 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 5: GP2-03-KA spring and GP6-03-RB fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 95◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 63 Figure 6: GP1-04-KA spring and GP6-04-RB fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 95◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
64 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 7: GP2-03-KA spring and GP6-03-RB fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 95◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 65 Figure 8: GP1-04-KA spring and GP6-04-RB fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 95◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS.
66 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 9: GP2-03-KA spring and GP6-03-RB fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 95◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 67 Figure 10: GP1-04-KA spring and GP6-04-RB fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 95◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
68 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 11: GP6-03-RB fall oxygen (μmol/kg) section along 95◦W. Contour intervals are 5 less than 10, 10 between 10 and 100, and 20 greater than 100.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 69

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70 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 12: GP2-03-KA spring and GP6-03-RB fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 110◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 71 Figure 13: GP1-04-KA spring and GP6-04-RB fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 110◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
72 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 14: GP2-03-KA spring and GP6-03-RB fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 110◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 73 Figure 15: GP1-04-KA spring and GP6-04-RB fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 110◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS.
74 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 16: GP2-03-KA spring and GP6-03-RB fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 110◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 75 Figure 17: GP1-04-KA spring and GP6-04-RB fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 110◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
76 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 18: GP6-03-RB fall oxygen (μmol/kg) section along 110◦W. Contour intervals are 5 less than 10, 10 between 10 and 100, and 20 greater than 100.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 77

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78 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 19: GP1-03-KA winter and GP5-03-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 125◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 79 Figure 20: GP2-04-KA spring and GP5-04-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 125◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
80 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 21: GP1-03-KA winter and GP5-03-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 125◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 81 Figure 22: GP2-04-KA spring and GP5-04-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 125◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS.
82 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 23: GP1-03-KA winter and GP5-03-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 125◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 83 Figure 24: GP2-04-KA spring and GP5-04-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 125◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
84 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 25: GP5-04-KA fall oxygen (μmol/kg) section along 125◦W. Contour intervals are 5 less than 10, 10 between 10 and 100, and 20 greater than 100.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 85

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86 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 26: GP1-03-KA winter and GP5-03-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 87 Figure 27: GP2-04-KA spring and GP5-04-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
88 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 28: GP1-03-KA winter and GP5-03-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 89 Figure 29: GP2-04-KA spring and GP5-04-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS.
90 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 30: GP1-03-KA winter and GP5-03-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 91 Figure 31: GP2-04-KA spring and GP5-04-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
92 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 32: GP5-04-KA fall oxygen (μmol/kg) section along 140◦W. Contour intervals are 5 less than 10, 10 between 10 and 100, and 20 greater than 100.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 93

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94 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 33: GP3-03-KA summer and GP7-03-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 95 Figure 34: GP3-04-KA summer and GP7-04-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
96 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 35: GP3-03-KA summer and GP7-03-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 97 Figure 36: GP3-04-KA summer and GP7-04-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS.
98 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 37: GP3-03-KA summer and GP7-03-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 99 Figure 38: GP3-04-KA summer and GP7-04-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
100 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 39: GP3-04-KA summer oxygen (μmol/kg) section along 155◦W. Contour intervals are 5 less than 10, 10 between 10 and 100, and 20 greater than 100.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 101

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102 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 40: GP3-03-KA summer and GP7-03-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 103 Figure 41: GP3-04-KA summer and GP7-04-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
104 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 42: GP3-03-KA summer and GP7-03-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 105 Figure 43: GP3-04-KA summer and GP7-04-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS.
106 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 44: GP3-03-KA summer and GP7-03-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 107 Figure 45: GP3-04-KA summer and GP7-04-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
108 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 46: GP3-04-KA summer oxygen (μmol/kg) section along 170◦W. Contour intervals are 5 less than 10, 10 between 10 and 100, and 20 greater than 100.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 109

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110 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 47: GP4-03-KA summer and GP8-03-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 180◦. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 111 Figure 48: GP4-04-KA summer and GP8-04-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 180◦. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
112 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 49: GP4-03-KA summer and GP8-03-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 180◦. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 113 Figure 50: GP4-04-KA summer and GP8-04-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 180◦. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS.
114 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 51: GP4-03-KA summer and GP8-03-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 180◦. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 115 Figure 52: GP4-04-KA summer and GP8-04-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 180◦. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
116 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 53: GP4-03-KA summer and GP8-03-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 165◦E. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 117 Figure 54: GP4-04-KA summer and GP8-04-KA fall potential temperature (◦C) sections along 165◦E. Contour intervals are 1◦C.
118 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 55: GP4-03-KA summer and GP8-03-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 165◦E. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 119 Figure 56: GP4-04-KA summer and GP8-04-KA fall salinity (PSS-78) sections along 165◦E. Contour intervals are 0.1 PSS.
120 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 57: GP4-03-KA summer and GP8-03-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 165◦E. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 121 Figure 58: GP4-04-KA summer and GP8-04-KA fall potential density (kg/m3) sections along 165◦E. Contour intervals are 0.5 less than 26.0 and 0.2 greater than 26.0.
122 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 59: GP2-03-KA spring (April 10−22, 2003) and GP6-03-RB fall (October 27−November 5, 2003) composite θ-S diagrams along 95◦W. Potential density contours are overlaid at 1.0 kg m−3 intervals.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 123 Figure 60: GP1-04-KA spring (April 11−19, 2004) and GP6-04-RB fall (November 2−10, 2004) composite θ-S diagrams along 95◦W. Potential density contours are overlaid at 1.0 kg m−3 intervals.
124 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 61: GP2-03-KA spring (March 30−April 10, 2003) and GP6-03-RB fall (November 8−14, 2003) composite θ-S diagrams along 110◦W. Potential density contours are overlaid at 1.0 kg m−3 intervals.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 125 Figure 62: GP1-04-KA spring (March 31−April 7, 2004) and GP6-04-RB fall (November 14−21, 2004) composite θ-S diagrams along 110◦W. Potential density contours are overlaid at 1.0 kg m−3 intervals.
126 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 63: GP1-03-KA winter (January 27−February 7, 2003) and GP5-03-KA summer (August 28−September 9, 2003) composite θ-S diagrams along 125◦W. Potential density contours are overlaid at 1.0 kg m−3 intervals.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 127 Figure 64: GP2-04-KA spring (May 1−12, 2004) and GP5-04-KA fall (September 21−29, 2004) composite θ-S diagram along 125◦W. Potential density contours are overlaid at 1.0 kg m−3 intervals.
128 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 65: GP1-03-KA winter (January 11−20, 2003) and GP5-03-KA fall (September 12−24, 2003) composite θ-S diagrams along 140◦W. Potential density contours are overlaid at 1.0 kg m−3 intervals.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 129 Figure 66: GP2-04-KA spring (May 20−28, 2004) and GP5-04-KA fall (September 7−14, 2004) composite θ-S diagrams along 140◦W. Potential density contours are overlaid at 1.0 kg m−3 intervals.
130 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 67: GP3-03-KA summer (June 12−20, 2003) and GP7-03-KA fall (October 19−27, 2003) composite θ-S diagrams along 155◦W. Potential density contours are overlaid at 1.0 kg m−3 intervals.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 131 Figure 68: GP3-04-KA summer (June 20−29, 2004) and GP7-04-KA fall (October 30−November 5, 2004) composite θ-S diagrams along 155◦W. Potential density contours are overlaid at 1.0 kg m−3 intervals.
132 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 69: GP3-03-KA summer (June 24−July 3, 2003) and GP7-03-KA fall (November 3−10, 2003) composite θ-S diagrams along 170◦W. Potential density contours are overlaid at 1.0 kg m−3 intervals.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 133 Figure 70: GP3-04-KA summer (June 5−12, 2004) and GP7-04-KA fall (November 8−15, 2004) composite θ-S diagrams along 170◦W. Potential density contours are overlaid at 1.0 kg m−3 intervals.
134 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 71: GP4-03-KA summer (July 23−August 2, 2003) and GP8-03-KA fall (November 29−December 8, 2003) composite θ-S diagrams along 180◦. Potential density contours are overlaid at 1.0 kg m−3 intervals.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 135 Figure 72: GP4-04-KA summer (August 1−12, 2004) and GP8-04-KA winter (December 3−12, 2004) composite θ-S diagrams along 180◦. Potential density contours are overlaid at 1.0 kg m−3 intervals.
136 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 73: GP4-03-KA summer (July 12−19, 2003) and GP8-03-KA fall (November 18−25, 2003) composite θ-S diagrams along 165◦E. Potential density contours are overlaid at 1.0 kg m−3 intervals.
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 137 Figure 74: GP4-04-KA summer (July 21−27, 2004) and GP8-04-KA fall (November 23−30, 2004) composite θ-S diagrams along 165◦E. Potential density contours are overlaid at 1.0 kg m−3 intervals.
138 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 75: GP6-03-RB fall composite θ-O2 diagrams along 95◦W (October 27−November 5, 2003) and 110◦W (Novem- ber 8−14, 2003).
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 139 Figure 76: GP5-04-KA fall composite θ-O2 diagrams along 125◦W (September 21−29, 2004) and 140◦W (September 7−14, 2004).
140 McTaggart and Johnson Figure 77: GP3-04-KA summer composite θ-O2 diagrams along 155◦W (June 20−29, 2004) and 170◦W (July 5−12, 2004).
TAO/TRITON CTD Measurements During 2003 and 2004 141

Table 3: Weather condition code used to describe each set of CTD measurements.

Code Weather Condition

0 Clear (no cloud)

1 Partly cloudy

2 Continuous layer(s) of cloud(s)

3 Sandstorm, dust storm, or blowing snow

4 Fog, thick dust or haze

5 Drizzle

6 Rain

7 Snow, or rain and snow mixed

8 Shower(s)

9 Thunderstorms

Table 4: Sea state code used to describe each set of CTD

measurements.

Code Height (meters) Description

0 0 Calm-glassy

1 0–0.1 Calm-rippled

2 0.1–0.5 Smooth-wavelet

3 0.5–1.25 Slight

4 1.25–2.5 Moderate

5 2.5–4 Rough

6 4–6 Very rough

7 6–9 High

8 9–14 Very high

9 >14 Phenomenal

Table 5: Visibility code used to describe each set of CTD

measurements.

Code Visibility

0 <50 meters

1 50–200 meters

2 200–500 meters

3 500–1,000 meters

4 1–2 km

5 2–4 km

6 4–10 km

7 10–20 km

8 20–50 km

9 50 km or more
142 McTaggart and Johnson

Table 6: Cloud type.

Code Cloud Types

0 Cirrus

1 Cirrocumulus

2 Cirrostratus

3 Altocumulus

4 Altostratus

5 Nimbostratus

6 Stratocumulus

7 Stratus

8 Cumulus

9 Cumulonimbus

X Clouds not visible

Table 7: Cloud amount.

Code Cloud Amount

0 0

1 1/10 or less but not zero

2 2/10–3/10

3 4/10

4 5/10

5 6/10

6 7/10–8/10

7 9/10

8 10/10

9 Sky obscured or not determined