THE

STATE

OF

SMALL

BUSINESS

A REPORT

OF THE

PRESIDENT

1997
STATE

OF

SMALL

BUSINESS

A REPORT

OF THE

PRESIDENT

1997

Together with the Office of Advocacy’s Annual

Report on Small Business and Competition

United States Government Printing Office

Washington: 1998

Page i = no folio
ISSN: 0735–1437

ISBN: 0–16–049755–8

For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office

Superintendent of Documents

Mail Stop: SSOP

Washington, DC 20402–9328

Page ii = no folio
THE ANNUAL REPORT ON SMALL BUSINESS AND COMPETITION* 9

Executive Summary 13

Chapter 1 The State of Small Business 21

Chapter 2 Financing Small Business 41

Appendix A Supplementary Tables 69

Appendix B Procurement 175

GLOSSARY 197

CONTENTS OF PREVIOUS EDITIONS 201

INDEX 207

*For a detailed table of contents of The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition,

see page 17.

iii

Page iv = blank Page 1 follows
OF

SMALL

BUSINESS

A REPORT

OF THE

PRESIDENT

Page 1 = no folio Page 2 = blank
To the Congress of the United States:

I

am pleased to present my fifth annual report on the state of small business.

In 1996, the year covered by this report, more than 23.2 million small business tax returns were filed. A record 842,000 new small employers opened

their doors and new incorporations hit a record high for the third straight year.

Corporate profits, employment compensation, and proprietorship earnings all

increased significantly. Industries dominated by small firms created an estimated 64 percent of the 2.5 million new jobs.

Small businesses represent the individual economic efforts of our Nation’s citizens. They are the foundation of the Nation’s economic growth: virtually all of the new jobs, 53 percent of employment, 51 percent of private

sector output, and a disproportionate share of innovations come from small

firms. Small businesses are avenues of opportunity for women and minorities,

first employers and trainers of the young, important employers of elderly

workers, and those formerly on public assistance. The freedom of America’s

small businesses to experiment, create, and expand makes them powerhouses

in our economic system. 

An Unprecedented Record of Success 

Looking back to the 1986 White House Conference on Small Business, one of

the top priorities on the small business agenda was deficit reduction. Small

business capital formation efforts had been undermined by interest rates driven sky-high by the demand for funds to service the growing national debt.

Today I’m proud to say we’ve done what was thought nearly impossible then.

This year we have converted the deficit to a surplus—and the budget deficit is

no longer the issue it once was.

And my Administration is committed to continuing the dramatic growth

of the small business sector. We continue to pay close attention to the perspectives and recommendations of America’s small business owners. The

1995 White House Conference on Small Business sent a list of 60 recommendations to my Administration and the Congress—the result of a year-long series of conferences and a national meeting on the concerns of small firms. In

their 1995 recommendations, the small business delegates told us they need

less onerous regulation, estate tax relief for family-owned businesses, and still

more access to capital to start and expand their businesses.

Page 3 = No Folio
Easing the Tax Burden

The Taxpayer Relief Act , which I signed in 1997, includes wins for small

businesses and the American economy in the form of landmark tax reform

legislation. The law will provide an estimated $20 billion in tax relief to small

business over the next 10 years. It extends for three years the exclusion from

taxable income of money spent by an employer on education for an employee. The unified gift and estate tax credit will increase the amount excluded from taxation on a transferred estate to $1.3 million for small familyowned businesses.

The new law expands the definition of a home office for the purpose of

deducting expenses to include any home office that is the business’ sole office

and used regularly for essential administrative or management activities.

And capital gains taxes are reduced from 28 percent to 20 percent. This

will help small businesses by encouraging investments in businesses that

reinvest for growth rather than investments in companies that pay heavy dividends. The law also improves the targeted capital gains provisions relating

specifically to small business stocks. Moreover, small corporations are exempted under the new law from alternative minimum tax calculations. This

provision saves about 2 million businesses from complex and unnecessary

paperwork. 

Capital for Small Business Growth

One of the Small Business Administration’s (SBA) highest priorities is to increase small business access to capital and transform the SBA into a 21st century leading-edge financial institution. The SBA’s credit programs—including

the 7(a) business loan guarantee program, the Section 504 economic development loan program, the microloan program, the small business investment

company program, the disaster loan and surety bond programs—provide

valuable and varied financial assistance to small businesses of all types. The

Small Business Lending Enhancement Act of 1995 increased the availability

of funds for SBA’s lending programs. In the 7(a) program in fiscal year 1997

alone, with approximately 8,000 bank and nonbank lenders approved to

participate, 45,288 loan guarantees valued at $9.5 billion were approved as

of September 1997. 

My Administration developed community reinvestment initiatives that revised bank regulatory policies to encourage lending to smaller firms. When

combined with lower interest rates, this led to a sizable increase in commercial and industrial lending, particularly to small businesses. And in the first

4 The State of Small Business
And the Office of Advocacy launched a nationwide Internet-based listing

service—the Angel Capital Electronic Network (ACE-Net) to encourage equity

investment in small firms. ACE-Net provides information to angel investors on

small dynamic businesses seeking $250,000 to $3 million in equity financing.

Reforming the Regulatory Process

The Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act (SBREFA), fully implemented in 1997, gives small businesses a stronger voice where it’s

needed—early in the Federal regulatory development process. The law provides for regulatory compliance assistance from every Federal agency and

legal remedies where agencies have failed to address small business concerns

in the rulemaking process. 

The new process is working. Agencies and businesses are working in

partnership to ensure that small business input is a part of the rulemaking

process. In the summer of 1997, for example, the Occupational Safety and

Health Administration, in conjunction with the SBA’s Office of Advocacy, convened four regional meetings with small firms to discuss a safety and health

program under development. 

Small firms are also witnessing more agency compliance assistance

once regulations are in effect. Agencies are routinely providing compliance

guides and lists of telephone numbers and e-mail addresses for small business

assistance. 

And the law provides for a national ombudsman and 10 regional regulatory fairness boards to make it simple for small businesses to share their ideas,

experiences, and concerns about the regulatory enforcement environment.

The ombudsman and boards are addressing many concerns expressed by

small firms in dealing with regulating agencies.

Expanding Technology and Innovation

Initiatives like the Small Business Innovation Research Program, the Small

Business Technology Transfer Program, and the National Institute of Standards

and Technology’s Manufacturing Extension Partnership and Advanced Technology Program were put in place in the 1980s to channel more Federal funding to small business research and to help small businesses move ideas from

the drawing board to the marketplace. Clearly, progress has been made; much

remains to be done. New Internet-based initiatives like the Access to Capital

Electronic Network and the U.S. Business Advisor are designed to help many

more small businesses make the connections they need to commercialize

their innovative technologies. 

A Report of the President 5
6 The State of Small Business

kets, with 240 trade agreements that remove foreign barriers to U.S.-made

products. Measures aimed at helping small firms expand into the global market have included an overhaul of the Government’s export controls and reinvention of export assistance. These changes have cleared a path for small

businesses to enter the international economy.

To make certain that small companies can do business with the Government, my Administration and the Congress have streamlined the Federal procurement process through administrative changes and the Federal Acquisition

Reform Act of 1996. The changes instituted in these reforms are cost-effective

for the Government and are intended to enable businesses to compete more

effectively for Government contracts worth billions of dollars. 

I am pleased that the SBA has instituted a new electronic gateway to procurement information, the Procurement Marketing and Access Network, or

Pro-Net. This data base on small, minority-owned, and women-owned businesses will serve as a search engine for contracting officers, a marketing tool

for small firms, and a link to procurement opportunities.

The Human Factor

My Administration is moving to anticipate 21st century demands on our

most important resource—our people. As a recent report by the SBA’s Office

of Advocacy points out, small businesses employed more people on public

assistance in 1996 than did large businesses. Our Welfare to Work Partnership has already had positive results—we’ve moved two million Americans

off welfare two full years ahead of schedule. And we are enlisting the help

of more and more small business people to expand that record of success. 

We want to educate and train a work force that will meet all our future

global competition. For those in the work force or moving into it, I recently

signed legislation that consolidated the tangle of training programs into a single grant program so that people can move quickly on their own to better jobs

and more secure futures. The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 encourages employers to provide training for their employees by excluding income spent on

such training from taxation. The SBA has also increased training opportunities

for businesses by funding new export assistance centers and women’s business centers across the country. 

Women have been starting their own businesses at a dramatic rate in recent years. More than 6 million women-owned proprietorships were in operation in 1994, a phenomenal 139 percent increase over the 2.5 million that existed in 1980. But it is also women who are most affected by the lack of

adequate child care. The SBA’s Office of Advocacy has found that while small

firms value the benefits of child care as much as large businesses, small busifor working families. 

I am pleased that so many Americans of all races and nationalities are asserting their economic power by starting small businesses. This report documents the growth: the number of businesses owned by minorities increased

from 1.2 million to almost 2 million in the 5-year period from 1987 to 1992.

The Federal Government has a role in widening the circle of economic opportunity. Programs are in place to ensure that socially and economically disadvantaged businesses have a fair chance in the Federal procurement marketplace. The share of Federal contract dollars won by minority-owned firms has

remained at 5.5 percent for two years running—up from less than 2 percent in

1980. And recently the SBA and the Vice President announced new small

business lending initiatives directed to the Hispanic and African American

small business communities to give these Americans better access to the capital they need. 

We have been working for the past 5 years to bring the spark of enterprise to inner city and poor rural areas through community development

banks, commercial loans in poor neighborhoods, and the cleanup of polluted

sites for development. The empowerment zone and enterprise community

program offers significant tax incentives for firms within the zones, including

a 20 percent wage credit and another $20,000 in expensing and tax-exempt

facility bonds. Under the leadership of the Vice President, we want to increase the number of empowerment zones to give more businesses incentives

to move into these areas.

Future Challenges

America’s small business community is both the symbol and the embodiment

of our economic freedom. That is why my Administration has made concerted

efforts to expand small business access to capital, reform the system of Government regulations to make it more equitable for small companies, and expand small business access to new and growing markets.

This is an important report because it annually reflects our current

knowledge about the dynamic small business economy. Clearly, much is

yet to be learned: existing statistics are not yet current enough to answer

all the questions about how small, minority-owned, and women-owned

businesses are faring in obtaining capital, providing benefits, and responding to regional growth or downsizing. I continue to encourage cooperative

Government efforts to gather and analyze data that is useful for Federal

policymaking.

I am proud that my Administration is on the leading edge in working as a

partner with the small business community. Our economic future deserves no

A Report of the President 7
THE WHITE HOUSE

8 The State of Small Business
SMALL

BUSINESS

AND COMPETITION

THE OFFICE OF ADVOCACY

U.S. SMALL BUSINESS

ADMINISTRATION

Page 9 = no folio Page 10 = blank
The United States Small Business Administration herewith submits its 1997Report on Small Business and Competition in accordance with the Small

Business Economic Policy Act of 1980. The report was prepared by the Office

of Advocacy of the U.S. Small Business Administration.

We are pleased to present this report and to work with you on behalf of

this important sector of the economy.

Sincerely,

AIDA ALVAREZ JERE W. GLOVER

Administrator Chief Counsel for Advocacy

Page 11 = no folio Page 12 = blank
N

business. The economy gained more than 2.4 million payroll jobs, most

in small businesses, and real gross domestic product increased by 2.5 percent.

The unemployment rate fell from 5.6 percent in 1995 to 5.3 percent in 1996. 

The number of businesses that filed tax returns increased by 3.3 percent

in 1996 and reached 23.3 million. More than 99 percent of the businesses

represented by these returns are small: just 15,000 are large businesses with

more than 500 employees. A record 842,000 new small firms with employees

opened their doors in 1996 and new incorporations hit a record high for the

third straight year

Business failures and bankruptcies remained low for the fourth straight

year. The business failure index was at its lowest level since 1989.

Corporate profits increased in 1996 for the sixth straight year. Not since

the recovery from the 1981-1982 recession has such a string of increases occurred. Employment compensation and proprietorship earnings also increased

significantly.

Of the 2.44 million new jobs created in 1996, about 64 percent were in

industries dominated by small firms. Small businesses are concentrated in the

trade and service sectors that are growing most rapidly.

The most recent (1994) data indicate that fully one-third of the 18 million

sole proprietorships are owned by women, up from just over one-fourth in

1980. Women’s share of receipts increased from 8.8 percent to 14.7 percent

over the same period.

Women’s ownership of firms identified by the Census Bureau increased

43.1 percent over the 1987-1992 period; minority ownership increased by

63.4 percent.

Financing 

Given the steady economy of 1996, small businesses found an ample supply

of debt capital to meet the normal demand for financing for seasonal and expansion purposes. A healthy banking system provided many small business

loans, although still at relatively high interest rates.

Overall borrowing by U.S. domestic sectors increased moderately—by

3.8 percent—in 1996. Most of the increase came from the state and local government sector. Total borrowing by the business sector actually declined from

$234 billion in 1995 to $194 billion in 1996, largely because of a significant

decrease in corporate borrowing. The nonfarm noncorporate sector increased

borrowing to an annual rate of $38 billion.

Small businesses use a variety of financing sources, including internal resources such as owners’ savings, retained earnings and depreciation, loans

Page 13 = no folio
point to increased bank lending to small firms in 1996. Lending by banks that

make primarily small loans increased by about 11.6 percent and loans outstanding to small businesses increased 5 to 6 percent depending on how small

business loans are defined. Concerns are emerging, however, about potential

declines in small business lending caused by bank mergers and acquisitions.

Both the number and dollar amount of loans made under the loan guaranty programs of the U.S. Small Business Administration declined in fiscal

year 1996, after a large increase in 1995.

Lending by finance companies continued to increase in 1996, although

at a slower pace than in the previous year. Overall, finance companies provided 13 percent of total traditional small business financing.

The availability of equity financing, especially for fast-growing firms, continued to expand in the booming equity market of 1996. Both initial public

offerings and private venture capital reached historically high volumes. The

availability of informal equity capital from accredited angel investors is also

believed to have increased significantly in 1996.

Procurement from Small Firms

The federal government spends about $200 billion annually on the procurement of goods and services. Small firms receive about 20 percent of all prime

contract dollars and another 10-14 percent of the federal procurement pie in

subcontracts. Large firms, representing less than 5 percent of businesses, receive more than 60 percent of all federal procurement dollars.

In FY 1996, small businesses won $66.4 billion in federal contract

awards, including $41.1 billion in direct contracts and an additional $25.3

billion in subcontracts from prime contractors working directly for the federal

government. The $66.4 billion represents 34 percent of the $197.6 billion

awarded by the federal government in FY 1996, a modest increase from small

business’ 33 percent share in FY 1995. 

The share of contracts awarded in FY 1996 to small minority- and

women-owned firms remained at levels consistent with FY 1995. In FY 1996,

minority-owned firms were awarded $10.9 billion or 5.5 percent of total federal contract dollars and women-owned firms were awarded $3.4 billion or

1.7 percent.

Nineteen-ninety-six was the fourteenth year of the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program. In the first 14 years of the program, almost $6

billion has been awarded to small businesses in 37,393 projects.

Federal contract markets are changing at an unparalleled pace. Two recent laws, the Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act and the Federal Acquisition Reform Act, are changing the way firms do business with the government.

14 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Network, or PRONet. This Internetbased data base of information on more

than 171,000 small, disadvantaged, and women-owned businesses will serve

as a search engine for contracting officers, a marketing tool for small firms,

and a link to procurement opportunities and important information on federal contracting.

Executive Summary 15

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Page 16—Blank
Chapter 1 The State of Small Business 21

The Number of Small Businesses 22

Business Formation and Dissolution 23

Business Incorporations 26

Business Bankruptcies and Failures 26

Business Earnings 30

Small- and Large-Business-Dominated Industries 30

Major Industry Sectors 33

Specific Industires 35

Chapter 2 Financing Small Business 41

Credit Conditions for U.S. Businesses in 1996 41

Uses of Funds by Major Sectors 41

Small Business Borrowing 43

Lending to Small Businesses by Commercial Banks 45

Profile of Bank Lending to Small Businesses in 1996 54

Lending Under the SBA’s Guarantee Programs 61

Lending by Finance Companies 61

Borrowing in the Public Issue Markets 62

Venture Capital Funds 63

Appendix A Supplementary Tables 69

Appendix B Procurement 175

Size of Federal Contract Actions 176

Sources of Small Business Awards by 

Agency/Department 178

Small Business Share of Purchasing 

Agency Awards 178

Product/Service Categories 178

Small Business Innovation Research 179

Table of Contents 17
Appendix C Tables 183

Glossary 197

Contents of Previous Editions 201

Index 207

18 Table of Contents
Tthe U.S. Small Business Administration under the leadership of Administrator Aida Alvarez and Chief Counsel for Advocacy Jere W. Glover. Bruce D.

Phillips directed the Office of Economic Research; Jody Wharton directed the

Office of Public Liaison.

The project was managed by Kathryn J. Tobias, senior editor. John Ward,

and Sarah M. Fleming made significant editorial contributions. Harriett A.

Lyles, Marlene E. Delaney, and Kathy Mitcham provided staff support. Specific

sections were written or prepared by the following staff:

Chapter 1 Bruce D. Phillips

Chapter 2 Charles Ou

Appendix A Brian Headd

Appendix B James M. O’Connor 

The Office of Advocacy appreciates the interest of all who reviewed the

report, including staff of the National Economic Council, the Council of Economic Advisers, and the Office of Management and Budget. Thanks are also

extended to the U.S. Government Printing Office for their assistance.

Acknowledgments 19

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The State of Small Business

Synopsis

Nineteen ninety-six was an excellent year for the economy and for smallbusiness. The economy gained more than 2 million payroll jobs and real

gross domestic product increased by 2.5 percent. The unemployment rate fell

from 5.6 percent in 1995 to 5.3 percent in 1996. Consumer prices remained

stable, while corporate profits and employment compensation both increased.

A record 842,000 new small firms with employees opened their doors in

1996 and new incorporations hit a record high for the third straight year.

More than 23.2 million business tax returns were filed. Business failures and

bankruptcies remained low for the fourth straight year. The business failure

index was at its lowest level since 1989.

Corporate profits increased in 1996 for the sixth straight year. Not since

the recovery from the 1981–1982 recession has such a string of increases occurred.

Employment compensation and proprietorship earnings also increased significantly.

Small-business-dominated industries added jobs to the economy at a

rate more than 1.3 times the national rate of increase of 2.5 percent. Small

businesses are concentrated in the trade and service sectors that are growing

most rapidly.

Introduction

The economy continued to grow in 1996 for the fifth consecutive year.1Major economic indicators reflected slow, steady and sustainable economic growth (Table 1.1). Small businesses contributed to and shared in the

benefits of the growing economy.

The production of goods and services, adjusted for inflation, grew by 2.5

percent in 1996, while the unemployment rate declined from 5.6 to 5.3 percent. The economy added 2.4 million private sector jobs to nonfarm payrolls;

compensation to employees increased by 5.3 percent. This expansion occurred without igniting inflation: the Consumer Price Index rose by only 3.3

percent and long-term interest rates declined.

The State of Small Business 21

1 A comprehensive discussion of the performance of the U.S. economy appears in the

Economic Report of the President: Transmitted to the Congress February 1997 (Washington, D.C.:

U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997).
While the federal deficit declined 34.5 percent to $107.3 billion (the

lowest since 1981), corporate profits grew by 11.5 percent and nonfarm proprietors’ income—an important measure of the health of the small business

sector—rose from $449.2 billion to $471.9 billion, an increase of 5.3 percent.

The index of consumer confidence rose to 104.6 in 1996, an increase of 4.6

percentage points since 1995, and the highest level since 1989.

The Number of Small Businesses

The number of businesses that filed tax returns increased by 3.3 percent in

1995 and reached 23.3 million (Table 1.2). Over the 15-year span from

1981 to 1996, the number of businesses grew at a rate of 4.7 percent per year.

22 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

(Billions of Dollars)

Gross Domestic Product 6,742.9 6,911.0 2.5

(Chained 1992 Billions of Dollars)

Unemployment Rate 5.6 5.4 –0.2

Nonagricultural Payrolls 116.6 119.0 2.4

(Millions of Workers)

Compensation of Employees 4,222.7 4,448.5 5.3

(Billions of Dollars)

Nonfarm Proprietors' Income 458.2 482.6 5.3

(Billions of Dollars)

Corporate Profits 604.8 670.2 10.8

(Billions of Dollars)

Consumer Price Index 152.4 156.9 3.5

Consumer Confidence Index 100.0 104.6 4.6

Federal Deficit 163.9 107.3 234.5

(Billions of Dollars)

Interest Rates on:

Long-Term Treasury Bills 6.9 6.7 –0.2

91-Day Treasury Bills 5.5 5.0 –0.5

Federal Funds 5.8 5.3 –0.5

High-Grade Corporate

Securities 7.59 7.37 –0.19

Housing Starts 1.35 1.48 8.9

(Millions)

Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, annual averages as reported in

various tables of “Financial and Business Statistics,” Federal Reserve Bulletin, April 1997.
Of that total, about 6 million small businesses employ between one and

500 workers. About 15,000 employ more than 500 workers and the remainder have no employees.

Business Formation and Dissolution

Arecord 842,357 new small firms with employees opened their doors in1996—a slight percentage increase over 1995 (Table 1.3).2 The number of

these firms has increased fairly steadily over the past decade, reaching successive new highs in 1993, 1994, 1995, and 1996. Over the 1982–1996 period,

the total number of firms with employees increased at a rate of just over 2.9

The State of Small Business 23

1996P 5,018 1,613 16,664 23,295 3.28

1995 4,818 1,580 16,157 22,555 2.26

1994 4,667 1,558 15,831 22,056 2.22

1993 4,516 1,567 15,495 21,578 1.64

1992 4,518 1,609 15,066 21,230 2.79

1991 4,374 1,652 14,626 20,653 1.05

1990 4,320 1,751 14,149 20,439 4.78

1989 4,197 1,780 13,529 19,506 2.78

1988 4,027 1,826 13,126 18,979 3.79

1987 3,829 1,824 12,633 18,286 4.50

1986 3,577 1,807 12,115 17,499 3.18

1985 3,437 1,755 11,767 16,959 4.88

1984 3,167 1,676 11,327 16,170 6.40

1983 3,078 1,613 10,507 15,198 5.96

1982 2,913 1,553 9,877 14,343 5.38

1981 2,813 1,458 9,345 13,616 –

Average Annual Growth 

Rate (Percent) 5.2 0.7 5.2 4.7

P=Projected from the SOI Bulletin, Winter 1996–1997, 170, Table 21. Data exclude tax-exempt organizations.

Source: U. S. Department of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income

Bulletin (Winter 1996-1997), Table 21.

2 The United States has no formal annual survey of new business formation. Three proxies

are used instead: the change in the total number of tax returns filed, the count of new firms with

employees, and new incorporations. Good records of the number and size of new businesses

with employees are available through the reports of employment and unemployment insurance

tax liabilities to state employment security agencies. Casual business activities are less likely to be

included in this measure than in the tax return total. The number of firms filing these reports is reported by the U. S. Department of Labor. Larger firms often report in more than one state, so the

nationwide employment security count is about 10 percent higher than the Bureau of the Census

count for the same year. Data from the Bureau of the Census are available only after a two-year

delay, while the employment security data are available on a current basis, which makes these

data particularly useful.
percent per year, exceeding the rates of growth of the general population and

the work force (Chart 1.1).

Although the net annual increase between 1982 and 1996 averages just

2 percent, the level of activity in business formation and closure is actually

much higher. Each year about 14 percent of small firms with employees drop

from the unemployment insurance rolls, while the number of new firms

added is equal to about 16 percent of the total.

A high rate of business formation and dissolution is characteristic of a dynamic economy. Changing tastes and preferences, new technologies, and

changes in demography and geography are all accommodated by the entry

and exit of firms. New small businesses answer many of the needs, entering

the marketplace with new products and services, at new locations, and with

new and different methods of distribution.

The formation and dissolution of businesses varies by region across the

United States (Table 1.4). Region IX (the Pacific states of California, Arizona,

Hawaii, and Nevada) showed the largest net growth in the number of firms

during 1996, posting a net gain of almost 4.5 percent. Regions VIII, IX, and X

all exceeded the average growth rate of new firms by wide margins.

24 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

()

1996 6,191 176 842 1,018 849 2.21

1995 6,057 164 819 983 871 1.08

1994 5,992 137 807 944 803 2.41

1993 5,851 136 776 911 801 1.93

1992 5,741 138 737 875 819 0.95

1991 5,687 140 724 864 818 0.84

1990 5,639 146 769 915 846 1.27

1989 5,568 153 743 896 826 1.01

1988 5,513 153 755 907 752 1.71

1987 5,420 163 775 939 717 3.64

1986 5,230 175 741 916 801 1.71

1985 5,142 166 722 888 746 2.67

1984 5,009 164 691 855 687 3.54

1983 4,837 171 633 804 720 1.26

1982 4,777 185 595 781 707 1.55

Average 5,510 158 742 900 784 1.85

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data provided by the

U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, based upon state employment security agencies’ quarterly unemployment insurance reports, 1997.
The State of Small Business 25

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, based upon U.S. 

Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration. Thousands of Firms

Years

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

Table 1.4 New Firms, Terminations, and Successor Firms, by SBA Region,

1995–1996

Percent

Firms at Percent New Firms Percent Terminations Change

End Change at End Change at End From

of 1996 from 1995 of 1996 from 1995 of 1996 1995

U.S. Total 6,190,907 2.21 842,357 2.79 849,839 6.82

Region I 371,832 1.57 41,116 1.95 43,441 24.14

Region II 659,925 1.87 84,086 2.89 81,538 21.14

Region III 592,525 0.38 72,043 20.17 86,857 17.98

Region IV 1,227,626 2.31 169,125 0.31 175,626 5.85

Region V 972,739 1.30 109,205 21.84 120,291 4.08

Region VI 626,094 1.95 85,440 2.50 91,839 6.65

Region VII 223,839 1.22 22,832 24.00 27,329 21.73

Region VIII 246,015 4.18 39,762 8.81 30,851 216.15

Region IX 958,024 4.46 164,681 9.68 135,591 224.17

Region X 312,288 2.80 54,067 4.81 56,476 10.18

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data provided by the

U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, based upon state employment security agencies’ quarterly unemployment insurance reports, 1997.
26 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

3 The business incorporation series of the Dun and Bradstreet Corporation measures firms

that choose to incorporate in each state and operate as corporations. 4 Business failures represent business closings with a financial loss to one or more creditors

that are reported to the Dun & Bradstreet Corporation. This definition is much narrower than the definition for terminations, as reported in the unemployment insurance data. Terminations represent

businesses ceasing to report employment and may be closings with or without reported creditor

losses. A bankruptcy is the legal recognition that a company is insolvent and not able to satisfy creditors or discharge liabilities. The company must restructure or liquidate. Not all firms, particularly

those with no employees, are listed with Dun & Bradstreet and not all closing firms are reported as

having an outstanding debt to a creditor. The result is that closings or “discontinuances” are about

10 times as frequent as closings with reported creditor losses. The number of bankruptcies is also

about one-tenth of the overall number of business terminations. In every year observed, the number

of businesses that “fail” or apply to bankruptcy court is small compared with the number that just

close their doors, and is equal to about 1.5 percent of all firms reporting employment.

790,569—another new record (Table 1.5).

Regions VIII and IX again led the nation in the growth in new incorporated firms in 1996, with increases about three times the national rate (Table

1.6). New business incorporations rose 10.2 percent in Region IX to 83,210

new firms. Region VIII had 29,843 new firms. In particular, Montana,

Nevada, and Arizona led these regions with double-digit increases in new

incorporations.

By contrast, the percentage of new incorporations declined in SBA

Regions I, II, VII and X. While most regions have displayed a healthy growth in

new incorporations during the past several years, there was some slowdown

in this indicator of business formation along the East Coast and in the far

western quadrant of the nation during 1996. For example, in Regions I and II,

all states except Maine and New York showed declines in the number of new

incorporations in 1996. These states did not sustain the very high business formation rates of the recent past.

Business Bankruptcies and Failures

Over the past three years, the levels of both failures and bankruptcies have remained steady, dropping sharply from the periods of increasing failures and

bankruptcies at the beginning of the decade.

Business failures, which follow a seasonal pattern, rose one percent nationwide between 1995 and 1996 (Table 1.7, Chart 1.2). Failures per 10,000

enterprises reached the lowest level since 1990 (Table 1.8, Chart 1.3).4

Business bankruptcies rose 5.3 percent during 1996 to 53,214, but remained

at low levels for the fourth straight year.

Most firms fail in their early years. For a given cohort, about 20 percent

of the remaining firms fail in each of the first and second years after startup.
The State of Small Business 27

1995 768,180 3.6

1994 741,657 5.0

1993 706,537 6.0

1992 666,800 6.1

1991 628,580 22.9

1990 647,366 24.3

1989 676,567 21.2

1988 685,095 20.1

1987 685,572 22.4

1986 702,101 5.0

1985 668,904 5.3

1984 634,991 5.8

1983 600,400 5.9

1982 566,942 22.5

1981 581,661 —

Source: Adapted by the U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from the

Dun and Bradstreet Corporation, New Business Incorporations (various issues).

Table 1.6 New Business Incorporations by SBA Region, 1995 and 1996

1995 1996 Percent Change

U.S. Total 768,180 790,569 2.9

Region I 28,582 27,646 23.3

Region II 110,294 109,283 20.9

Region III 110,646 116,137 5.0

Region IV 177,002 185,744 4.9

Region V 120,080 122,189 1.8

Region VI 66,882 67,726 1.3

Region VII 24,503 22,963 26.3

Region VIII 27,574 29,843 8.2

Region IX 75,497 83,210 10.2

Region X 27,120 25,828 24.8

Note: SBA regions are defined as follows: Region I: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,

New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont; Region II: New Jersey, New York; Region III: Delaware,

District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia; Region IV: Alabama,

Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee; Region V:

Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin; Region VI: Arkansas, Louisiana, New

Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas; Region VII: Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska; VIII: Colorado,

Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming; Region IX: Arizona, California, Hawaii,

Nevada; and Region X: Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington.

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, based upon data provided

by the Dun and Bradstreet Corporation, Economic Analysis Department, 1997.
28 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Chart 1.2 Business Failures, 1985–1996

Source: Office of Advocacy, U.S. Small Business Administration; based upon Dun and 

Bradstreet Data. Thousands

Years

0

20

40

60

80

100

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

,,

1995 50,516 20.6 71,194 20.5

1994 50,845 217.7 71,558 216.9

1993 61,799 211.5 86,133 211.4

1992 69,848 21.1 97,069 9.9

1991 70,605 10.5 87,266 43.7

1990 63,912 2.3 60,746 20.6

1989 62,449 20.6 50,361 211.8

1988 62,845 222.9 57,099 26.6

1987 81,463 1.9 61,111 20.8

1986 79,926 12.2 61,601 7.9

1985 71,277 11.0 57,067 9.6

1984 64,211 2.9 52,078 —

Sources: For failures, adapted by the U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of

Advocacy, from the Dun and Bradstreet Corporation, Business Failure Record (various issues); for

bankruptcies, from data provided by the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, Statistical

Analysis and Reports Division.
The State of Small Business 29

Chart 1.3 Business Failures Index, 1985–1996

Source: This graph was produced by the Office of Advocacy of the Small Business 

Administration based upon data compiled from the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment 

and Training Administration, and the Dun and Bradstreet Business Failure Record. Failures per 10,000 Firms

Year

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

1995 6,068,172 71,128 118.3

1994 5,992,000 71,520 119.4

1993 5,851,288 86,133 147.2

1992 5,740,575 97,069 169.1

1991 5,685,274 88,140 155.0

1990 5,641,499 60,432 107.1

1989 5,570,407 50,361 90.4

1988 5,509,912 57,099 103.6

1987 5,393,338 61,236 113.5

1986 5,212,727 61,601 118.2

1985 5,127,126 57,252 111.7

Sources: The number of firms is derived by the U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of

Advocacy, from data provided by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training

Administration, based upon state employment security agencies’ quarterly unemployment insurance reports. The number of business failures is published weekly, monthly, and annually in the

Dun and Bradstreet Business Failure Record.
30 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

(Regions I, II, III and IV) while increasing in others (Regions V through X)

(Table 1.9). 

Business Earnings

Corporate profits increased in 1996 for the seventh consecutive year (Table

1.10). Not since the recovery from the 1981 to 1982 recession has such a

string of increases in corporate profits occurred. The 11.5 percent increase

builds upon increases of 11.8 percent, 15.7 percent, and 13.4 percent in

1993–1995. Employment compensation increased 5.3 percent in 1996, the

third largest increase since 1990. 

Nonfarm proprietorship earnings, an important measure of the health of

the small business sector, rose by 5.1 percent during 1996. The growth in proprietorship earnings between 1991 and 1996 was the highest for any five-year

period since 1983–1988.5 Approximately 85 percent of small businesses are

legally organized as proprietorships or partnerships.

Small- and Large-Business-Dominated Industries

A convenient and cost-effective way to view the role of small business in the

economy is to compare employment and employment growth in industries

dominated by small businesses with that of industries dominated by large

businesses.6 Some 52.7 percent of all nonfarm private sector employment in

1994 (the latest year for which data are available) was in firms with fewer

than 500 employees, down slightly from the 53.1 percent in 1993 (Table

1.11). 

U.S. nonfarm private sector employment totaled 101.5 million in

December 1996, a gain of more than 2.4 million (2.5 percent) over December

1995. The greatest gains in employment were in industries with the highest

shares of employment in small firms.

5 Nonfarm proprietorship earnings are estimates because the income tax statements on

which they are based are delayed in both their receipt and analysis. 6 Employment data by firm size are available for no later than 1992. Employment data by

industry are available through 1996. The percentage of employment in small firms is calculated

from 1994 Census data and is used to classify industries in 1995 by employment in small or

large firms. Within the major industrial sector, the individual industries can be classified by the

percentage of employment in firms with fewer than 500 employees. The classifications are smallbusiness-dominated industries—those with more than 60 percent of employees in small firms;

large-business-dominated industries—those with more than 60 percent of employees in large

firms; and a remainder called “indeterminate industries”—those with between 40 and 60 percent

of their employment in small or large business.
The State of Small Business 31

Table 1.10 Employment Compensation, Nonfarm Proprietorship Income,

and Corporate Profits, 1982–1995 (Billions of Dollars)

Employment Nonfarm Proprietorship Pre-Tax Corporate

Compensation 1

j

Earnings

j

Profits 2

Percent Percent Percent

Year Amount Change Amount Change Amount Change

1996 4,448.5 5.3 471.9 5.1 654.0 11.5

1995 4,222.7 5.3 449.3 8.0 586.6 11.4

1994 4,008.3 5.2 415.9 7.2 526.5 13.4

1993 3,809.4 4.5 388.1 4.5 464.5 15.7

1992 3,644.9 5.4 371.5 11.7 401.4 4.9

1991 3,457.9 3.1 332.7 2.5 382.5 3.5

1990 3,352.8 6.4 324.6 7.8 369.5 3.7

1989 3,151.6 7.9 301.2 2.7 356.4 –2.4

1988 2,921.3 4.5 293.4 5.2 365.0 14.1

1987 2,698.7 6.9 279.0 6.7 319.8 17.7

1986 2,523.8 5.9 261.5 9.7 271.6 –3.3

1985 2,382.8 7.0 238.4 11.0 280.8 6.3

1984 2,226.9 9.7 214.7 16.5 264.2 24.2

1983 2,029.4 5.9 184.3 17.2 212.7 40.4

1982 1,916.0 157.3 151.5 

1 Includes employee contributions for Social Security insurance. 2 Includes inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustment.

Note: The data are seasonally adjusted at annual rates. 

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business,

Table 1.14, January 1997.

U.S. Total 71,128 71,811 1.0 50,516 53,214 5.3

Region I 3,395 3,055 –10.0 2,016 1,953 –3.1

Region II 7,839 7,382 –5.8 4,569 4,331 –5.2

Region III 6,760 6,065 –10.3 5,215 5,363 2.8

Region IV 8,266 8,068 –2.4 6,009 7,358 22.4

Region V 8,359 8,760 4.8 7,558 8,100 7.2

Region VI 9,061 9,347 3.2 5,662 6,354 12.2

Region VII 2,952 2,986 1.2 1,708 1,934 13.2

Region VIII 2,365 3,157 33.5 1,422 1,763 24.0

Region IX 18,440 18,753 1.7 13,691 13,245 –3.3

Region X 3,691 4,238 14.8 2,666 2,813 5.5

Sources: For failures: adapted by the U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of

Advocacy, from the Dun and Bradstreet Corporation, Business Failure Record (various issues); for

bankruptcies: from data provided by the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, Statistical

Analysis and Reports Division.
32 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table 1.11

Firms, Employment, Payroll and Estimated Receipts by Firm Size, 1988–1994

Employment Size of Firm

Item Year Total 0-4 5-9 10-19 20-99 100-499 <500 

Number of 1994 5,276,964 3,208,235 964,985 563,097 452,383 73,267 5,261,967 Firms 1993 5,193,642 3,139,518 962,481 559,602 445,900 71,512 5,179,013 

1992 5,095,356 3,075,280 945,802 551,912 439,084 69,156 5,081,234 

1991 5,051,025 3,036,304 941,296 551,299 439,811 68,338 5,037,048 

1990 5,073,795 3,020,935 952,030 562,610 453,732 70,465 5,059,772 

1989 5,021,315 3,003,224 937,202 553,449 443,959 69,608 5,007,442 

1988 4,954,645 2,979,905 923,580 540,988 430,640 66,708 4,941,821 

Employment 1994 96,721,594 5,318,961 6,332,580 7,543,777 17,693,995 14,118,375 51,007,688 

1993 94,773,913 5,258,195 6,313,651 7,498,345 17,420,634 13,825,238 50,316,063 

1992 92,825,797 5,178,909 6,202,861 7,390,874 17,121,010 13,307,187 49,200,841 

1991 92,307,559 5,151,143 6,174,730 7,386,939 17,146,411 13,143,390 49,002,613 

1990 93,469,275 5,116,914 6,251,632 7,543,360 17,710,042 13,544,849 50,166,797 

1989 91,626,094 5,054,429 6,152,151 7,420,196 17,353,444 13,373,640 49,353,860 

1988 87,844,303 5,006,203 6,060,724 7,252,715 16,833,702 12,761,379 47,914,723 

Annual Payroll 1994 2,487,959,727 134,649,352 131,666,587 166,475,972 408,053,078 335,573,696 1,176,418,685 

(Thousands 1993 2,363,208,106 128,968,107 127,133,193 159,153,336 385,005,072 316,183,732 1,116,443,440 

of Dollars) 1992 2,272,392,408 124,592,441 122,381,613 152,830,640 368,969,129 298,174,483 1,066,948,306 

1991 2,145,015,851 118,233,813 116,794,212 146,516,583 352,032,797 279,436,898 1,013,014,303 1990 2,103,971,179 116,856,518 114,006,469 144,450,673 352,390,861 279,451,864 1,007,156,385 1989 1,989,941,554 112,462,139 108,002,714 136,794,734 332,733,188 264,144,335 954,137,110 1988 1,858,652,147 108,800,891 103,041,106 130,326,463 315,751,201 244,647,178 902,566,839 

Estimated 1994 14,840,452,031 880,763,759 752,675,397 928,380,448 2,531,402,508 1,930,758,304 7,023,980,416 

Receipts 1993 14,098,572,035 846,812,139 730,360,041 891,635,409 2,394,813,062 1,816,354,667 6,679,975,318 

(Thousands 1992 13,605,183,510 820,739,417 705,146,922 859,446,404 2,292,331,108 1,717,787,820 6,395,451,671 

of Dollars) 1991 12,961,443,722 777,737,765 680,215,533 829,024,906 2,207,714,822 1,618,186,793 6,112,879,819 

1990 9,450,655,960 626,678,614 569,639,860 681,191,539 1,715,442,516 1,316,747,423 4,909,699,952 

Notes: 1990 is the first year estimated receipts were reported. This table does not illustrate job growth. For information on job growth, the Office of Advocacy 

data from the Bureau of the Census that tracks firms over a period.

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, based upon data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
The State of Small Business 33

Over a period of 1-2 years, about one-third of new jobs come from births,

and two-thirds of new jobs come from expansions of existing companies.8

The services industry sector continues to be the largest creator of new

jobs, adding almost 1.2 million positions in calendar year 1996. The service

sector was defined as “dominated” by small businesses (with 60 percent or

more of its employment in firms with fewer than 500 employees) until 1991.

Small businesses still constitute 57.0 percent of the employment in services.

Retail trade added more than one-half million new jobs in 1996. 

Overall, the U.S. economy created 2.44 million jobs during 1996, growing 2.5 percent. Small-firm-dominated sectors created about 64 percent of

those jobs. The remaining job growth was evenly split between industries

dominated by large firms and those not dominated by either category. During

1996, the small-business-dominated sector expanded 3.3 percent (1.5 million

new jobs), while the large-firm-dominated sector grew 1.3 percent (443,100

new jobs) and indeterminate sectors expanded 2.4 percent (444,800 new

jobs) (Table 1.12).

Small-business-dominated industries in the construction sector showed

the largest percentage gain, with employment growth of 5.7 percent (292,500 

jobs). The service industry showed the largest numerical gain in employment

among the small-business-dominated industries, with 569,800 new jobs (a

3.4-percent increase).

Major Industry Sectors

Some 101.5 million nonfarm private sector workers were employed in the

United States in December 1996, a gain of almost 2.44 million (2.5 percent)

over December 1995. The greatest gains in employment were in major industries with the highest percentage of employment in small firms (Table 1.13).

While the small business share of overall employment stayed relatively

constant from 1992 to 1994 (from 53.0 percent to 52.7 percent), some sectors

appear to be in flux.9 Changes in employment shares of small businesses in

the major industries illustrate the trends.

7 SBA’s Office of Advocacy, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau

of the Census, has been developing a Longitudinal Enterprise and Establishment Microdata base

(LEEM), capable of tracing individual firms (and their employment changes) over time. The file

currently extends from 1990 to 1995, with additional years to be added shortly. It is from firmspecific files such as this that definitive statements about job creation can be made. 8 This statement excludes changes resulting from mergers, acquisitions, divestitures, and

other changes in the legal form of organization.

9 Dynamic data from the Bureau of Census prepared under contract for the U.S. Small

Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, show an increase in the nonfarm share of small

business employment from 53 percent in 1991 to 55 percent in 1993.
34 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Construction led the sectors with a 5.7 percent employment increase

(292,500 new jobs) followed by an agricultural services increase of 5.6 percent (30,300 new jobs). Both sectors have 89 percent of their employment in

firms with fewer than 500 employees. The services sector continues to be the

largest creator of new jobs, adding 1.1 million positions in calendar year

1996. Small businesses constitute 57.0 percent of the employment in this sector. The next largest contributor to employment was the retail trade sector,

which added 651,000 new jobs. Mining and manufacturing have low small

business shares and were the only major industries to lose jobs during 1996.

Aggregating small- and large-business-dominated industries into major

industries reveals similar results (Table 1.12). Leading the job growth were

construction and agricultural services, both of which are composed entirely of

small-business-dominated industries. In manufacturing and mining, largebusiness-dominated industries lost 104,200 of the 104,500 lost jobs. Within

mining, large-business-dominated industries led job-losing industries; employment in these industries declined by 5.2 percent (16,200 jobs).

In the large-business-dominated industries, the services sector recorded

the largest absolute and percentage gains in employment. The continued

Industry Percent Absolute Percent Absolute Percent Absolute Percent Absolute

Total, All Industries 3.3 1,548.9 1.3 443.1 2.4 444.8 2.5 2,436.8

Agricultural Services 5.6 30.3 NA NA NA NA 5.6 30.3

Mining 4.3 1.4 –5.2 –16.2 4.6 10.3 -0.8 -4.5

Construction 5.7 292.5 NA NA NA NA 5.7 292.5

Manufacturing –0.1 –2.2 –0.8 –88.0 –0.2 -9.8 –0.5 –100.0

Transportation 5.3 57.7 1.9 62.4 –1.5 –30.3 1.4 89.8

Wholesale Trade 2.5 102.3 2.7 21.6 2.2 36.4 2.5 160.3

Retail Trade 3.3 429.5 1.7 124.7 6.2 96.6 3.0 650.8

Finance, Insurance

and Real Estate 2.9 67.6 1.1 35.4 4.7 63.9 2.4 166.9

Services 3.4 569.8 3.5 303.2 3.8 277.7 3.5 1,150.7

NA = Not available and indicates lack of industry representation within that size category.

Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Note: Excludes self-employed workers. Small-business-dominated industries are industries

in which a minimum of 60 percent of employment is in firms with fewer than 500 employees.

While 99.9 percent of industry employment was allocated to small- and large-business-dominated and indeterminate industries, about 2 percent of employment in the manufacturing and

service sectors could not be allocated because of SIC code inconsistencies.

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data provided by the

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, 1997.
movement of the services industry toward larger firms is illustrated by the gain

of 277,700 new jobs in the indeterminate class of industries and 303,200 jobs

in the large-business-dominated industries. These gains contributed to a larger

percentage increase for services in industries dominated by large businesses

(3.5 percent), and in indeterminate industries (3.8 percent) than in small-business-dominated industries (2.9 percent).

Specific Industries

A look at the 15 small- and large-business-dominated industries exhibiting the

greatest changes in employment provides some insight into the changing

composition of employment growth in the United States.

The 15 strongest job creators among the small-business-dominated industries created 1 million net new jobs, while their large-business-dominated

counterparts added 580,600 (Table 1.14). Special trade contractors, representing various activities in the building construction industry, led the list of smallbusiness-dominated industries for the second year in a row, with 230,600

new jobs. Retail trade industries were prominent, representing five of the 15

top job-creating industries in the small-business-dominated sector. The perThe State of Small Business 35

Total, All Industries 52.7 99,085.3 101,522.1 2.5 2,436.8

Agricultural Services 89.3 543.7 574.0 5.6 30.3

Mining 40.7 569.7 565.2 –0.8 –4.5

Construction 89.0 5,131.3 5,423.8 5.7 292.5

Manufacturing 38.5 18,429.2 18,329.2 –0.5 –100.0

Transportation 36.1 6,276.8 6,366.6 1.4 89.8

Wholesale Trade 67.5 6,498.5 6,658.8 2.5 160.3

Retail Trade 52.6 21,922.8 22,573.6 3.0 650.8

Finance, Insurance, 

and Real Estate 43.1 6,866.2 7,033.1 2.4 166.9

Services 57.0 32,847.1 33,997.8 3.5 1,150.7

Note: Excludes self-employed workers. Small-business-dominated industries are industries

in which a minimum of 60 percent of employment is in firms with fewer than 500 employees.

While 99.9 percent of industry employment was allocated to small- and large-business-dominated and indeterminate industries, about 2 percent of employment in the manufacturing and service sectors could not be allocated because of SIC code inconsistencies.

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from employment data

provided by the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings,

and firm size data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
36 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Small-Business-Dominated Industries

172 Special Trade Contractors 3,227.7 3,458.3 230.6 7.1

58 Eating and Drinking Places 7,389.0 7,504.0 115.0 1.6

87 Engineering, Accounting, Research 825.7 900.5 74.8 9.1

799 Miscellaneous Amusement Recreation 

Services 949.6 1,014.2 64.6 6.8

801 Offices of Physicians 1,641.4 1,702.8 61.4 3.7

50 Durable Goods 2,726.9 2,783.0 56.1 2.1

59 Miscellaneous Retail Establishments 222.5 277.2 54.7 24.6

571 Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores 503.1 553.7 50.6 10.1

174 Masonry, Stonework, and Plastering 422.2 471.4 49.2 11.7

15 General Building Contractors 1,198.2 1,245.1 46.9 3.9

51 Nondurable Goods 1,296.0 1,342.2 46.2 3.6

521 Lumber and Other Building Materials

Stores 511.7 552.5 40.8 8.0

171 Plumbing, Heating, and Air Conditioning 733.5 769.9 36.4 5.0

551 New and Used Car Dealers 1,005.4 1,040.8 35.4 3.5

173 Electrical Work 623.5 658.5 35.0 5.6

Total, Top 15 Industries 997.7

Large-Business-Dominated Industries 

7363 Personnel Supply Services 2,285.2 2,428.4 143.2 6.3

531 Department Stores 2,593.4 2,701.9 108.5 4.2

8062 Hospitals 3,517.0 3,579.3 62.3 1.8

451 Air Transportation 656.8 700.6 43.8 6.7

48 Communications 1,247.1 1,281.8 34.7 2.8

822 Colleges and Universities 1,260.3 1,290.0 29.7 2.4

481 Telephone Communication 931.6 952.3 20.7 2.2

621 Security Brokers and Dealers 401.9 422.3 20.4 5.1

7374 Computer Processing and Data Preparation 235.3 255.7 20.4 8.7

632 Medical Service and Health Insurance 314.7 334.8 20.1 6.4

781 Motion Picture Production 221.8 240.9 19.1 8.6

7514 Passenger Car Rental 118.0 133.7 15.7 13.3

6021 National Commercial Banks 589.6 604.2 14.6 2.5

80 Health Services 355.7 369.4 13.7 3.9

5045 Computers and Computer Peripheral

Equipment 311.1 324.8 13.7 4.4

Total, Top 15 Industries 580.6

Note: Excludes self-employed workers. Small-business-dominated industries are industries in

which a minimum of 60 percent of employment is in firms with fewer than 500 employees. While

99.9 percent of industry employment was allocated to small- and large-busniness-dominated and indeterminate industries, about 2 percent of employment in the manufacturing and service sectors could

not be allocated because of SIC code inconsistencies.

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data provided by the U.S.

Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings. 
The State of Small Business 37

creased by 6.5 percent (Table 1.15). Retail industries were also well represented on this list of fast-growing industries: the miscellaneous retail establishments industry led the small-business-dominated list with an employment

increase of 24.6 percent. Service industries led the large-business-dominated

industries list with five of the 15 top industries: information retrieval services

was the fastest growing large-business-dominated industry, with an employment increase of 15.4 percent.

The changing structure of industry can also be viewed through a review

of the industries losing the most jobs (Table 1.16). These job losses may reflect

absolute employment declines, productivity gains, or exporting of jobs. A

range of industries across the manufacturing, retail trade, and service sectors

showed employment declines. The 15 small-business-dominated industries

losing the most jobs lost 80,000 jobs, compared with 176,500 jobs in the 15

comparable large-business-dominated industries.

Comparisons of employment changes in job-losing industries with employment changes in job-gaining industries indicate continuing job losses in

large-firm-dominated apparel and steel industries, and continued downsizing

in the food processing and bakery sectors. In small-firm-dominated industries,

losses in automotive-related sectors may be based upon improved productivity, while losses in printing and photofinishing may also be productivity-related. Explanations for these observations are subjects of continuing research.

Conclusion

Nineteen-ninety-six was another excellent year for the economy, for business, and for small business. The economy gained 2.4 million new jobs and

real gross domestic product increased by 2.5 percent. The unemployment

rate fell from 5.6 percent in 1995 to 5.4 percent in 1996. Consumer prices

were stable, as were wholesale prices. Corporate profits and employee compensation both increased. These increases represented real increases in disposable income. 

Small-business-dominated industries added jobs to the economy at a rate

more than 1.3 times the national rate of increase. Small businesses are concentrated in the trade and service sectors that are growing and consolidating

most rapidly. Within the trade and service sectors many small business owners

view business growth as an important goal for their firms. As their businesses

become larger, the small business share of employment in these sectors is declining—an indicator that small businesses are succeeding in generating economic growth.
38 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Small-Business-Dominated Industries

59 Miscellaneous Retail Establishments 222.5 277.2 54.7 24.6

47 Transportation Services 43.5 49.3 5.8 13.3

542 Meat Markets and Freezer Provisioners 51.9 58.6 6.7 12.9

174 Masonry, Stonework, and Plastering 422.2 471.4 49.2 11.7

52 Building Materials and Garden Supplies 37.0 40.9 3.9 10.5

7532 Top, Body, and Upholstery Repair Shops 205.7 226.4 20.7 10.1

571 Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores 503.1 553.7 50.6 10.1

593 Used Merchandise Stores 104.5 114.8 10.3 9.9

526 Retail Nurseries and Garden Stores 91.0 99.8 8.8 9.7

5148 Fresh Fruits and Vegetables 107.0 117.3 10.3 9.6

753 Automotive Repair Shops 134.3 147.1 12.8 9.5

733 Mailing, Reproduction, Stenographic 289.4 316.6 27.2 9.4

7538 General Automotive Repair Shops 238.7 261.0 22.3 9.3

87 Engineering, Accounting, Research 825.7 900.5 74.8 9.1

807 Medical and Dental Laboratories 199.1 217.1 18.0 9.0

Total, Top 15 Industries 376.1 10.8

Large-Business-Dominated Industries 

7375 Information Retrieval Services 60.3 69.6 9.3 15.4

7514 Passenger Car Rental 118.0 133.7 15.7 13.3

45 Transportation by Air 47.2 53.4 6.2 13.1

615 Business Credit Institutions 97.4 107.8 10.4 10.7

7374 Computer Processing and Data Preparation 235.3 255.7 20.4 8.7

781 Motion Picture Production 221.8 240.9 19.1 8.6

458 Air Transportation Services 115.2 124.6 9.4 8.2

3728 Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment 112.7 121.8 9.1 8.1

636 Title Insurance 66.8 71.9 5.1 7.6

451 Air Transportation 656.8 700.6 43.8 6.7

484 Cable and Other Pay Television Services 167.3 178.4 11.1 6.6

632 Medical Service and Health Insurance 314.7 334.8 20.1 6.4

7363 Personnel Supply Services 2,285.2 2,428.4 143.2 6.3

63 Insurance Carriers 62.8 66.7 3.9 6.2

2451 Mobile Homes 62.2 65.8 3.6 5.8

Total, Top 15 Industries 330.4 8.8

Note: Excludes self-employed workers. Small-business-dominated industries are industries in

which a minimum of 60 percent of employment is in firms with fewer than 500 employees. While

99.9 percent of industry employment was allocated to small- and large-business-dominated and indeterminate industries, about 2 percent of employment in the manufacturing and service sectors could

not be allocated because of SIC code inconsistencies.

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data provided by the U.S.

Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings. 
The State of Small Business 39

Small-Business-Dominated Industries

233 Women’s and Misses’ Outerwear 257.1 238.0 –19.1 –7.4

509 Miscellaneous Durable Goods 342.4 335.0 –7.4 –2.2

734 Services to Buildings 888.8 881.7 –7.1 –0.8

241 Logging 83.0 76.8 –6.2 –7.5

561 Men’s and Boys’ Clothing and Furnishings 90.7 86.0 –4.7 –5.2

793 Bowling Centers 89.8 85.2 –4.6 –5.1

863 Labor Organizations 139.9 135.5 –4.4 –3.1

572 Household Appliance Stores 78.6 74.2 –4.4 –5.6

2361 Girls’, Children’s, Infants’ Dresses and

Blouses 17.0 13.0 –4.0 –23.5

7384 Photofinishing Laboratories 77.4 73.8 –3.6 –4.7

2396 Automotive Trimmings, Apparel Findings 57.3 54.0 –3.3 –5.8

5962 Automatic Merchandising Machine

Operators 70.3 67.1 –3.2 –4.6

279 Printing Trade Services 54.3 51.6 –2.7 –5.0

5064 Electrical Appliances, Television, and Radio 49.4 46.9 –2.5 –5.1

515 Farm Product Raw Materials 109.8 107.4 –2.4 –2.2

Total, Top 15 Industries Losing Jobs –79.6

Large-Business-Dominated-Industries

631 Life Insurance 568.7 542.9 –25.8 –4.5

49 Electric, Gas, and Sanitary Services 907.9 883.9 –24.0 –2.6

232 Men’s and Boys’ Furnishings 236.6 217.6 –19.0 –8.0

491 Electrical Services 396.7 380.7 –16.0 –4.0

131 Oil and Gas Extraction 145.7 134.4 –11.3 –7.8

3711 Motor Vehicles and Passenger Car Bodies 369.2 358.7 –10.5 –2.8

8731 Physical and Biological Research 220.5 210.0 –10.5 –4.8

60 Banking 414.6 405.0 –9.6 –2.3

562 Women’s Clothing Stores 357.9 349.1 –8.8 –2.5

203 Canned, Frozen Fruits, Vegetables 214.1 206.5 –7.6 –3.5

2015 Poultry Slaughtering and Processing 239.2 231.6 –7.6 –3.2

3731 Ship Building and Repairing 102.3 95.2 –7.1 –6.9

4011 Railroads, Line-Haul Operating 209.1 202.6 –6.5 –3.1

6036 Savings Institutions, Not Federally

Chartered 121.4 115.3 –6.1 –5.0

331 Steel Works, Blast Furnaces 214.0 207.9 –6.1 –2.9

Total, Top 15 Industries Losing Jobs –176.5

Note: Excludes self-employed workers. Small-business-dominated industries are industries in

which a minimum of 60 percent of employment is in firms with fewer than 500 employees. While

99.9 percent of industry employment was allocated to small- and large-business-dominated and indeterminate industries, about 2 percent of employment in the manufacturing and service sectors could

not be allocated because of SIC code inconsistencies.

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data provided by the U.S.

Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings. 
Financing Small Business

Synopsis

Given the steady economy of 1996, small businesses found an ample supply of debt capital to meet the normal demand for financing for seasonal and expansion purposes. A healthy banking system provided adequate

small business loans. While market interest rates declined overall in the second half of the year, borrowing costs remained high for small firms.

The availability of equity financing, especially for fast-growing firms,

continued to expand in the booming equity market of 1996. Both initial public offerings and private venture capital reached historically high volumes.

The availability of informal equity capital from accredited investors is also

believed to have increased significantly in 1996.

Credit Conditions for U.S. Businesses in 1996 

Afairly strong economy in a late stage of economic expansion contributedto some uncertainty in the financial markets in the United States in 1996.

Growth in gross domestic product was at more than 3 percent in the four

quarters of 1996—a better record than in similar years at this stage of economic expansion.

Interest rates moved up during the first and second quarters and retreated

in the last quarter, partially reversing the increase.

By year end, long-term rates had moved up about 40 basis points, and intermediate-term rates had risen slightly more. Demand for credit from nonfinancial sectors remained relatively moderate in 1996, increasing at an annual

rate of about 3.6 percent, much lower than in 1995.

With the Federal Reserve Board anxious about excessive demand for

credit, long-term interest rates reached a peak by mid-1996 and retreated

steadily, ending the year slightly higher than at the beginning. The AAA corporate bond rate rose from 6.8 percent to a high of 7.71 percent by June 1996

and fell back to 7.2 percent in December 1996 (Chart 2.1).

Uses of Funds by Major Sectors 

Overall borrowing by U.S. domestic sectors increased moderately—by 3.8percent—in 1996 (Table 2.2). Almost all of the increase came from state

and local governments, which had made net payoffs of loans in the previous

two years, then reversed direction to become net borrowers in 1996.

The State of Small Business 41
42 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Total Assets 11,166 6,680 4,486

Total Debt2 5,499 3,363 2,136

Total Net Worth3 5,667 3,317 2,350

Other Debt and Net Worth Estimates4

Debt: (June 1995)

Commercial Paper 163 163 0

Commercial Mortgages by Banks5 290 224 66

Commercial and Industrial Loans by Banks5 516 418 98

Trade Debt6 871 638 233

Finance Company Receivables from Businesses7 362 272 91

Equity 127 117 10

Public Markets—All8 532 502 30

Initial Public Offerings9 30 0 30

Secondary Offerings10 375 375 0

Venture Capital Pool11 34 0 35

1 Most estimates are stock estimates valued at June 1995 or as specified. Small businesses

include all noncorporate businesses and small corporations with assets under $25 million. 2 Estimates by the Federal Reserve Board for nonfarm, nonfinancial corporations and nonfarm, noncorporate businesses. Total assets and debt for small corporations were estimated by applying 17.5 percent and 19.0 percent, respectively, to that of all corporations. 3 Net worth is treated as a residual. (These ratios were estimated by using corporate tax return data published by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service). 4 These estimates are obtained from sources using different methodologies. They are not

strictly comparable and should not be summed for a total. 5 Small business loans are defined as loans under $250,000 (based on call report data). An

alternative estimate of small mortgage loans, defined as commercial mortgage debt outstanding

for the nonfarm, noncorporate sector from the Flow of Funds Accounts, amounted to $390 billion

as of December 31, 1995. 6 The sum of trade payables for the nonfarm, noncorporate sector and small corporations.

Totals for small corporations are estimated by applying 20 percent to trade credit for all nonfinancial corporations. 7 The small business share was derived by applying a 25 percent share to the total. 8 For December 1995. The total estimated cumulative value of public offerings of common

stock for the period 1988 through 1995. Small businesses are businesses with assets under $10

million before offering. 9 For December 1995. The total estimated cumulative value of initial public offerings of

common stock for the period 1988 through 1995. Small businesses are businesses with assets

under $10 million before offering. 10 For December 1995. The total estimated cumulative value of secondary public offerings of

common stock for the period 1988 through 1995. Small businesses are businesses with assets

under $10 million before offering. 11 For December 1995. Venture Economics estimated cumulative net value of liquidation.

Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Balance Sheets for the U.S.

Economy 1945–1994 (Washington, D.C.: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, June

1995); Tables B.103 and B.104, and Flow of Funds Accounts, Fourth Quarter (March 8, 1996).
The State of Small Business 43

Total borrowing by the business sector declined from $234 billion in

1995, a level comparable to the high levels of 1986–1988, to $194 billion in

1996. The decline was attributable to a large decrease in corporate borrowing

from $198 billion to $147 billion. Borrowing by the nonfarm, noncorporate

sector increased further in 1996 to an annual rate of $43 billion (Table 2.2).

Small Business Borrowing 

Small businesses use a variety of financing sources, including internal resources such as owners’ savings, business retained earnings, and depreciation; “informal” external sources, such as friends and business associates;

financial intermediaries, such as banks and finance companies; and the public

markets, where standardized financial instruments are sold to a large number

Source: U.S. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Reserve Bulletin, 

various issues. Interest Rate

Year/Quarter

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

Prime Rates

AAA Corporate Bond Rates

Treasury Bill Rates

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14
44

The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table 2.2 Credit Borrowing by Borrowing Sector, 1980–1996 (Billions of Dollars) *

1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 

Total Domestic 

Borrowing 382.1 420.8 562.2 780.2 965.1 863.6 733.7 767.7 720.3 669.4 480.6 544.5 629.5 621.3 

Government

Federal 85.5 161.3 185.2 197.2 225.7 216.0 143.9 155.1 146.4 246.9 278.2 304.0 256.1 155.9 State and Local 16.3 30.4 34.6 52.5 163.6 73.4 91.1 54.5 51.0 46.6 81.6 21.1 62.3 239.8 

Business

Farm 16.3 6.7 3.9 20.4 214.5 217.4 211.6 210.2 0.6 1.0 2.1 1.3 2.0 2.8 

Nonfarm 

Noncorporate 44.7 71.2 72.2 109.2 121.2 94.3 55.5 84.2 69.6 1.1 211.0 216.0 4.2 11.9 

Nonfinancial 

Corporate 115.5 68.1 81.0 198.7 168.4 236.3 148.7 225.0 183.2 110.0 253.0 33.9 47.6 118.1 

Households 103.9 83.2 185.3 223.0 300.8 261.1 306.5 259.1 269.5 263.7 182.7 200.2 257.3 372.4 

Foreign Borrowing in

the United States 23.5 16.0 17.3 8.4 1.2 9.7 6.2 6.4 10.2 23.9 14.8 23.7 70.4 215.3 

* Excluding equity and borrowing by financial institutions. Data revisions for 1992–1995.

Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Flow of Funds Accounts, Fourth Quarter 1996: Flows and Outstandings (March 
cent used trade credit, and 39 percent and 28 percent, respectively, used personal and business credit cards (Table 2.3).1

Banks remain the most important supplier of the six traditional types of

small business financing, providing 54 percent of such financing overall

(Chart 2.2 and Table 2.4).

An ample supply of funds and continued high borrowing costs characterized small business financial markets in 1996. While market interest rates declined overall in the second half of 1996, borrowing costs paid by small firms

remained high (Chart 2.1, Tables 2.7 and 2.8).2

The spread between rates for small loans under $100,000 and the federal

funds rate (banks’ cost for funds) declined by about 30-50 basis points from

the 1992 peak. But the margin remained wide, at 440 basis points, compared

with about 350 basis points for medium-sized loans ($100,000 to $1 million)

and 170 basis points for larger loans ($1 million or more). Large and rapid

upward adjustments in the prime rate in 1994 through mid-1995 and subsequent slower downward adjustments are credited for this phenomenon.3 The

higher profit margins seem to have motivated bankers to promote small business lending, while also contributing to profit increases in 1995–1996.4

Lending to Small Businesses by Commercial Banks

At least three indicators point to increased small business lending by banks in

1996:5

• A survey of bankers indicates that demand for loans by businesses—

small, medium-sized, or large—remained strong; a smaller number

of banks reported strong increases in demand for loans from small

The State of Small Business 45

1 A second nationwide survey of small business financing, the 1993 National Survey of

Small Business Finances, was sponsored by the U.S. Small Business Administration and the

Federal Reserve Board. Details of the survey are available to the public: interested researchers

may access the files through the Internet at www.bog.frb.fed.us/pubs/oss. For preliminary tabulations, see John Wolken and Rebel Cole, “Financial Services Used by Small Businesses: Evidence

from the 1993 National Survey of Small Business Finances,” Federal Reserve Bulletin (July 1995). 2 Declines in interest rates paid by small firms usually lag behind declines in market interest rates; thus small firm interest rates remained high relative to market and corporate loan rates. 3 See also Federal Reserve Board, Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending

Practices, various issues. 4 See also “Profits and Balance Sheet Developments at U.S. Commercial Banks in 1996,”

Federal Reserve Bulletin (June 1997). 5 Data on bank lending to small businesses became available with the June 1993 call reports filed with financial regulatory authorities by all commercial banks. All commercial banks

are required to report in their June call report filings the number and dollar amount of their commercial and industrial loans and loans for nonresidential real estate by loan size.
46 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table 2.3 Selected Financial Services Used by Firm Size, 1993 (Percent)

Credit Lines, Loans, and Capital Leases Nontraditional C

Loan

Credit Capital from Credit Card 

Category Any Line Mortgage

Vehicle Equipment Lease Other Owner Personal Busin

All Firms 55 24 6 24 14 9 11 17* 39 28 

Number of Full-TimeEquivalent Employees0 35 11 6 14 7 4 8 2 41 18 

1–4 51 20 6 23 11 6 11 15 40 25 

5–9 67 32 7 32 17 12 12 27 42 38 

10–19 75 40 8 34 24 21 17 30 35 35 

20–99 81 56 7 33 31 23 13 29 28 43 

100–499 90 62 19 32 30 33 21 30 21 39 

* Owners loans to sole proprietors not included.Note: The 1993 National Survey of Small Business Finances was co-sponsored by the Federal Reserve Board and the U.S. Small Business A

national representative sample of some 5 million firms with fewer than 500 employees from the Dun and Bradstreet business data base was surv

Source: Preliminary tabulations from 1993 National Survey of Small Business Finances. See also John 

Wolken and Rebel Cole, “Financial 

Small Businesses: Evidence from the 1993 National Survey of Small Business Finances,” Federal Reserve Bulletin (July 1995).
The State of Small Business 47

businesses. In comparison with earlier surveys, a larger fraction of respondent banks eased standards for business loans in the second half

of 1996.6

• Lending by banks that make primarily small loans also increased between June 1995 and June 1996. Total business loans (commercial and

industrial and business real estate) by small banks that extend mostly

small loans (less than $1 million) increased by about 11.6 percent, a

rate comparable to that observed in the previous year (Table 2.9).7

• The call report data indicate that the small business loan market continued to expand in 1996 (although more slowly than in 1995), despite

the fact that the number of reporting banks declined by almost 500,

from 10,149 in 1995 to 9,670 in 1996.

Source: Total small business debt outstanding amounted to $668 trillion as of 12/31/1993 

for about 5 million small firms.

Bank

54% 

Thrift

4% 

Credit Union

0% Other

7% 

Government

1% 

Businesses

4% 

Family & Friends

5% 

Other 

Nondepository

7% 

Leasing

3% 

Brokerage

2% 

Finance Company

13% 

6 Federal Reserve Board, Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices

(Washington, D.C.: Federal Reserve Board of Governors, November 1996 and January 1997). The

January survey also reported that two-fifths of the respondents said they always used credit scoring when making small business loans.

7 Federal Reserve Board, Information on Depository Credit for Small Businesses and Small

Farms (Washington, D.C.: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, October 1996),

Table A.5.
48 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table 2.4 Distribution of Small Business Credit by Credit 

Type and Lender, 1993

Credit Commercial Finance Leasing Other Non- Family and Other

Union Thrift Bank Company Brokerage Company Despository Friends Businesses Government 

Distribution in Billions of DollarsCredit Line 0.25 3.63 196.74 40.64 4.98 2.27 1.63 2.40 1.17 0.23 

Lease 0.59 0.29 8.89 5.62 0.04 10.87 0.07 0.90 1.50 0.02 

Mortgage Loan 0.86 15.40 73.94 13.31 5.68 0.12 41.22 4.92 5.17 1.82 

Vehicle Loan 0.72 0.33 12.90 12.98 0.04 1.61 0.01 0.34 0.52 0.04 

Equipment Loan 0.05 0.65 31.94 11.54 0.01 2.95 0.04 1.17 3.47 0.96 

Other 0.26 3.65 36.60 2.49 1.43 1.14 4.52 23.66 17.50 3.71 

Total 2.73 23.95 361.00 86.59 21.19 18.96 47.48 33.39 29.33 6.77 

Percentage DistributionCredit Line 0.1 1.3 70.2 14.5 1.8 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.1 

Lease 2.0 1.0 29.8 18.9 0.1 36.5 0.2 3.0 5.0 0.1 

Mortgage Loan 0.5 9.3 44.6 8.0 3.4 0.1 24.9 3.0 3.1 1.1 

Vehicle Loan 2.4 1.1 43.4 43.7 0.1 5.4 0.0 1.2 1.7 0.1 

Equipment Loan 0.1 1.2 58.3 21.0 0.0 5.4 0.1 2.1 6.3 1.8 

Other 0.2 3.4 33.9 2.3 1.3 1.1 4.2 21.9 16.2 3.4 

Source: Preliminary tabulations from the 1993 National Survey of Small Business Finances. See also John 

Wolken and Rebel Cole, “Financ

Used by SSmall Businesses: Evidence from the 1993 National Survey of Small Business Finances,” Federal Reserve Bulletin, July 1995.
The State of Small Business 49

Table 2.5 Major Sources and Uses of Funds by Nonfarm, Nonfinancial Corporate Businesses, 1980–1996

(Billions of Dollars)

1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 

Before-Tax

Profit 180.9 133.0 156.0 191.0 167.6 151.3 214.9 200.0 236.5 236.5 217.1 256.7 302.8 371.4 

Domestic Undistributed Profit 64.2 30.6 30.5 46.4 21.7 22.1 41.3 73.6 32.2 20.5 8.3 33.7 48.2 81.5 

Depreciation with 

Capital Consumption Adjustment 186.2 215.1 251.5 279.1 310.7 312.8 324.0 338.3 349.3 354.3 364.3 372.0 387.4 415.3 

Total Internal Funds, 

on Book Basis 250.3 245.7 282.0 329.1 336.7 315.5 370.1 418.4 384.8 377.9 372.6 406.3 435.5 496.7 

Net Increase in 

Liability 151.8 84.1 152.3 318.9 379.7 190.0 273.9 443.7 347.4 183.5 67.1 161.3 217.9 241.6 

Funds Raised in

Credit Markets 115.5 68.1 81.0 198.7 168.4 236.3 148.7 225.0 183.2 110.0 255.1 34.1 47.7 118.5 

Net New Equity Issues –13.5 1.9 20.0 279.0 284.5 285.0 275.5 2129.5 2124.2 263.0 18.3 27.0 21.3 244.9 

Capital Expenditures 313.0 278.8 294.0 387.5 369.6 347.3 357.4 373.3 399.4 394.5 371.9 386.9 435.6 496.0 

Net Financial 

Investment 243.4 219.6 235.9 -40.9 2105.6 –18.0 239.4 -60.7 2113.9 268.3 62.7 6.2 139.4 36.7 

Note: Major data revisions for 1991–1995.Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Flow of Funds Accounts, Fourth Quarter 1997: Flows and Outstandings (June 1997).
50 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table 2.6 Major Sources and Uses of Funds by Nonfarm, Noncorporate Businesses, 1981–1996

(Billions of Dollars) *

1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 

Net Income 182.3 183.5 213.4 274.3 298.1 306.7 331.9 378.2 407.0 434.9 464.1 518.1 533.9 558.1 

Gross Investment 56.7 63.1 65.2 55.8 59.6 64.0 67.7 72.8 77.0 80.6 67.5 73.2 73.4 83.1 

Fixed Capital 

Expenditures 72.2 70.6 69.9 92.6 104.1 106.6 107.4 112.9 118.0 106.4 91.1 85.5 98.9 112.4 

Changes in 

Inventories 0.8 21.0 0.5 3.1 10.0 0.6 1.5 1.1 1.6 0.3 0.1 20.1 1.3 2.3 

Net Financial 

Investments 216.3 26.4 25.1 239.9 245.5 243.1 241.2 241.2 242.6 226.1 223.5 –12.4 226.9 231.7 

Net Increase in Credit

Market Debt 44.7 71.6 86.7 109.2 111.6 48.1 25.7 87.6 61.1 13.8 15.0 –16.0 4.2 11.9 

Mortgages 23.3 76.0 74.0 83.8 109.1 82.7 39.9 68.5 56.1 4.1 29.9 215.1 –1.5 26.8 Net Investment by

Proprietors 237.9 276.4 265.0 223.3 226.5 253.1 228.0 215.6 228.1 20.3 18.5 26.7 42.5 29.0 

* Major revisions for 1991-1995.Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Flow of Funds Accounts, Fourth Quarter 1997: Flows and Outstandings (June 1997).
The State of Small Business 51

1996

November 9.44 9.61 8.25 9.78 9.65

August 9.53 9.62 8.25 9.53 9.60

May 9.54 9.64 8.25 9.68 9.62

February 9.77 9.67 8.25 9.79 9.56

1995

November 10.01 10.22 8.75 9.77 10.12

August 10.09 10.24 8.75 10.03 10.05

May 9.56 10.29 9.00 10.12 10.40

February 9.33 10.30 9.00 9.82 10.12

1994

November 7.96 9.11 8.15 9.42 9.21

August 8.74 8.54 7.51 8.92 8.46

May 8.01 8.12 6.99 8.57 8.24

February 7.96 7.49 6.00 7.35 7.64

1993

November 8.08 7.41 6.00 8.33 7.60

August 8.50 7.40 6.00 8.59 7.63

May 8.27 7.48 6.00 8.80 7.77

February 8.43 7.42 6.00 8.98 8.13

1992

November 8.64 7.53 6.00 9.28 7.95

August 8.94 7.48 6.00 9.41 7.71

May 7.89 7.78 6.50 9.17 7.79

February 8.18 7.80 6.50 9.07 7.84

1991 

November 9.35 8.95 7.50 10.05 9.03

August 11.20 10.16 8.50 11.26 10.37

May 11.19 10.22 8.50 11.24 10.64

February 11.29 10.68 9.00 11.73 11.12

1990

November 11.90 11.87 10.00 12.30 12.06

August 12.06 11.84 10.00 12.15 12.08

May 11.87 11.96 10.00 11.99 12.05

February 12.12 11.96 10.00 12.29 12.19

1989

November 12.38 12.45 10.50 12.28 12.48

August 12.67 12.49 10.50 12.42 12.66

May 13.37 13.46 11.50 13.16 13.74

February 12.26 12.54 10.93 14.08 12.66

1988

November 11.94 11.90 10.05 12.65 12.05

August 11.43 11.48 9.84 11.53 11.59

May 10.90 10.38 8.84 11.77 10.62

February 11.17 10.48 8.51 11.90 10.88

1987

November 11.29 10.78 8.78 11.93 11.28

August 10.66 10.15 8.70 12.11 10.15

May 11.10 9.85 8.25 11.22 10.08

February 10.51 9.41 7.50 11.04 9.81

1986

November 10.55 9.51 7.50 11.35 9.41

August 10.94 9.90 7.90 11.84 9.99

May 11.34 10.42 8.50 12.28 10.54

February 12.52 11.46 9.50 13.02 11.77

1 Small loans refer to loans under $100,000. 2 For rates before November 1990, averages of loan rates for three loan sizes: under $25,000, $25,000 to

under $50,000, and $50,000 to under $100,000.

Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Survey of Terms of Bank Lending, Statistical

Release E.2, various issues; and Federal Reserve Bulletin, various issues.
52 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

,

November 1996

Large Banks

Short-Term Loans

Fixed Rate 8.25 7.43 7.13 6.44 

Floating Rate 9.44 8.96 8.65 6.88 

Term Loans

Fixed Rate 9.37 8.93 7.63 6.73

Floating Rate 9.28 8.73 8.42 7.13

Small Banks

Short-Term Loans

Fixed Rate 9.59 8.45 7.06 6.33 

Floating Rate 9.72 9.24 8.73 7.41

Term Loans

Fixed Rate 9.82 8.52 7.86 5.70

Floating Rate 9.81 9.20 8.29 7.34

November 1995

Large Banks

Short-Term Loans

Fixed Rate 8.98 7.96 7.44 6.72

Floating Rate 10.04 9.64 9.20 7.82

Term Loans

Fixed Rate 9.32 8.32 8.22 7.71

Floating Rate 9.81 9.42 9.06 8.12

Small Banks

Short-Term Loans

Fixed Rate 10.11 9.04 7.83 6.69

Floating Rate 10.32 9.76 9.56 8.23

Term Loans

Fixed Rate 9.81 9.31 8.86 7.22

Floating Rate 10.22 9.59 9.41 8.21

* Averages of loan rates for three loan sizes: $1 million—$5 million, $5 million—$10 million, and $10 million and over.

Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Survey of Terms of Bank

Lending, Statistical Release E.2 (December 3, 1995 and December 12, 1996).
The State of Small Business 53

Amount Outstanding, June 30 (Billions of Dollars)

1996 66.3 34.9 31.4

1995 59.4 31.3 28.1

1994 52.9 27.8 25.1

1993 48.2 25.7 22.5

1992 47.6 26.0 21.6

1991 46.1 26.4 19.7

1990 45.0 27.0 18.0

Percentage Change, June to June

1996 11.6 11.5 11.7

1995 12.3 12.6 12.0

1994 49.8 8.2 11.6

1993 1.3 21.2 4.2

1992 3.3 21.5 9.6

1991 2.4 22.2 9.4

1 U.S. domestically chartered commercial banks, excluding credit card banks and U.S.

branches and agencies of foreign banks. U.S. branches and agencies of foreign banks held approximately $171 billion in commercial and industrial loans on June 30, 1996; almost all were

in loans greater than $1 million. Credit card banks held less than $1.5 billion of commercial and

industrial loans. 2 Banks that reported that 95 percent or more of their total business loans were in original

amounts of less than $1 million. The number of such banks totaled 6,545 on June 30, 1996.

About 475 of these banks were excluded from the above calculations because they were not in

operation seven years prior to 1996. These numbers do not include the growth of small business

loans at banks that lend to larger firms as well as to small firms, and hence should not be interpreted as the growth rate of total small business loans. 3 Construction and land development loans not included.

Source: Adapted from Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, “Information on

Depository Credit for Small Business and Small Farms,” December 1996.

This decline was concentrated in small banks: the number of small banks

with less than $100 million in assets declined from 6,980 in 1995 to 6,465 in

1996 (Chart 2.3).

Loans outstanding to small businesses increased 5 to 6 percent depending on how small business loans are defined (Table 2.11). Between June 1995

and June 1996, the smallest loans (under $100,000) increased 4.8 percent,

loans under $250,000 increased 5.1 percent, and loans under $1 million increased 5.4 percent.
Most of the increase in this period was in the smallest commercial and

industrial (C&I) loans under $100,000, which increased 7.7 percent. Small

real estate loans declined slightly during this period.

Profile of Bank Lending to Small Businesses in 1996

Small business lending can be defined at three loan-size levels—under $1

million, under $250,000, and under $100,000.8 Some 6.4 million small

business loans of less than $1 million were outstanding from 9,670 federally

insured domestic banks as of June 1996. These loans, valued at $333 billion,

accounted for 39.3 percent of total business loan dollars (Table 2.10). The

total includes $176 billion in C&I loans and $157 billion in nonfarm, nonresidential real estate loans.

The smallest loans—those under $100,000—accounted for just 12.4

percent of all business loans in June 1996, compared with 13.4 percent in

June 1994 and 12.5 percent in June 1995 (Table 2.11). The extent to which

54 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

8 Three sizes of business loans are reported by commercial banks in call reports

(Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income). Loans in the range of $250,000 to $1 million

are considered loans for established small businesses; loans under $100,000 are generally made

to very small or microbusinesses.

Source: Adapted by the Office of Advocacy, U.S. Small Business Administration from the 

Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income for U.S. Banks

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

Total <100M 100M–500M 500M–1B 1B–10B >10B

Bank Asset Size

Number of Banks

1994

1995

1996
The State of Small Business 55

Table 2.10 Number and Amount of Loans by Loan Size and Asset Size of Bank, June 30, 1996 (Amounts in Millio

Loan Sizes

$250,000— Total Under

Under $100,000 $100,000–$250,000 $1 Million $1 Million

Dollar Dollar Dollar Dollar Over $1 Mi

Bank Asset Size Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount (Dollar Amo

Commercial and 

Industrial Loans

Under $100 Million 885,312 17,783.8 35,094 3,819.9 17,794 4,787.5 938,200 26,391.3 1,146

$100 Million–$500 Million 1,001,962 20,064.7 81,481 8,585.8 53,123 14,507.0 1,136,566 43,157.5 10,022

$500 Million–$1 Billion 231,088 4,519.3 23,066 2,368.5 16,409 4,805.2 270,563 11,692.9 7,059

$1 Billion–$10 Billion 1,394,688 14,840.6 93,265 9,313.4 79,775 22,341.9 1,567,728 46,495.9 90,579

Over $10 Billion 1,071,851 14,938.8 91,166 9,200.8 85,232 23,919.8 1,248,249 48,059.4 258,859

Total 4,584,901 72,147.2 324,072 33,288.4 252,333 70,361.4 5,161,306 175,797.0 367,666

Nonfarm, Nonresidential

Real Estate Loans

Under $100 Million 233,117 10,579.1 34,539 4,443.6 24,769 8,335.2 292,425 23,357.8 1,534

$100 Million–$500 Million 253,348 11,495.3 79,031 10,161.9 66,606 24,843.2 398,985 46,500.3 14,559

$500 Million–$1 Billion 43,811 2,075.2 21,716 2,800.9 19,818 7,667.2 85,345 12,543.3 7,902

$1 Billion–$10 Billion 117,843 5,352.5 68,748 9,015.4 68,391 25,445.8 254,982 39,813.8 46,740

Over $10 Billion 80,162 3,537.8 59,058 7,421.7 64,214 24,070.4 203,434 35,029.9 76,656

Total 758,821 33,039.8 263,092 33,843.4 243,798 90,361.9 1,235,171 157,245.1 147,393

Total Business LoansUnder $100 Million 1,118,429 28,362.9 69,633 8,263.5 42,563 13,122.7 1,230,625 49,749.1 2,681

$100 Million–$500 Million 1,255,310 31,559.9 160,512 18,747.7 119,729 39,350.2 1,535,551 89,657.8 24,581

$500 Million–$1 Billion 274,899 6,594.4 44,782 5,169.3 36,227 12,472.4 355,908 24,236.2 14,961

$1 Billion–$10 Billion 1,512,531 20,193.2 162,013 18,328.8 148,166 47,787.7 1,822,710 86,309.7 137,320

Over $10 Billion 1,152,013 18,476.6 150,224 16,622.5 149,446 47,990.3 1,451,683 83,089.3 335,515

Total 5,313,182 105,187.0 587,164 67,131.8 496,131 160,723.3 6,396,477 333,042.1 515,060

Note: Loans are reported by loan size; loans under $1 million are assumed to represent small business lending.Source: Special tabulations of June 1996 call reports (Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income for U.S. Banks) prepared for the U.S. Small Business Ad

of Advocacy, by James Kolari, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
56 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table 2.11 Small Business Lending by Loan Size, 1994–1996 (Amounts in Millions of Dollars)

Loan Sizes

$250,000— Under

Under $100,000

j

$100,000–$250,000

j

Under $250,000

j

$1 Million

j

$1 Million

j

Over $1 Million

Dollar Percent Dollar Percent Dollar Percent Dollar Percent Dollar Percent Dollar Percent 

Amount of Total Amount of Total Amount of Total Amount of Total Amount of Total Amount of Total 

June 1996Commercial and Industrial Loans 72,147 13.3 33,288 6.1 105,436 19.4 70,361 12.9 175,797 32.3 367,667 67.7 Nonfarm, Nonresidential

Real Estate Loans 33,040 10.8 33,843 11.1 66,883 22.0 90,362 29.7 157,245 51.6 147,393 48.4 

Total Business Loans 105,187 12.4 67,132 7.9 172,319 20.3 160,723 19.0 333,042 39.3 515,060 60.7 June 1995Commercial and Industrial Loans 66,999 13.0 31,324 6.1 98,323 19.0 66,948 13.0 165,271 32.0 350,960 68.0 Nonfarm, Nonresidential

Real Estate Loans 33,374 11.5 32,193 11.1 65,567 22.6 85,074 29.4 150,641 52.0 139,118 48.0 

Total Business Loans 100,374 12.5 63,517 7.9 163,891 20.3 152,022 18.9 315,912 39.2 490,078 60.8 June 1994Commercial and Industrial Loans 64,073 14.1 28,637 6.3 92,710 20.3 61,875 13.6 154,585 33.9 301,170 66.1 Nonfarm, Nonresidential

Real Estate Loans 33,602 12.3 29,228 10.7 62,830 23.0 77,001 28.2 139,831 51.2 133,129 48.8 

Total Business Loans 97,675 13.4 57,866 7.9 155,541 21.3 138,876 19.1 294,417 40.4 434,299 59.6 Percent Changes from 1995 to 1996Commercial and Industrial Loans 7.7 6.3 7.2 5.1 6.4 4.8 

Nonfarm, Nonresidential

Real Estate Loans –1.0 5.1 2.0 6.2 4.4 5.9 

Total Business Loans 4.8 5.7 5.1 5.7 5.4 5.1 

Percent Changes from 1994 to 1995Commercial and Industrial Loans 4.6 9.4 6.1 8.2 6.9 16.5 

Nonfarm, Nonresidential

Real Estate Loans –0.7 10.1 4.4 10.5 7.7 4.5 

Total Business Loans 2.8 9.8 5.4 9.5 7.3 12.8 

Note: Loans under $1 million are assumed to represent small business lending.Source: Special tabulations of the June 1996 call reports (Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income for U.S. Banks) prepared for the U.S. Small Busin

Office of Advocacy, by James Kolari, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
The State of Small Business 57

9 Most of the decline in small banks during the recent past has been the result of merger

and acquisition activity. Bank failures have been an insignificant factor during the past several

years of prosperity in the banking industry. 10 See Lawrence J. White and Lawrence Goldberg, “De Novo Banks and Lending to Small

Businesses” a paper presented at the Conference on the Economics of Small Business Finance,

May 22–23, 1997 (New York, N.Y.: New York University, Stern School of Business). 11 Many billion-dollar banks have more than $500 million in small business loans on the

books and devote 20 to 40 percent of their business lending to small businesses. 12 The share of total industry assets held by these billion-dollar banks increased from 72.4

percent in June 1995 to 74 percent in June 1996. The ratio of small business loans to total assets

increased from 3.5 percent to 3.9 percent in banks with assets of $1 billion to $10 billion and

from 1.5 percent to 1.9 percent in banks with assets over $10 billion. 13 Large banks are utilizing credit scoring tools to extend credit to small business owners.

Credit reviews are simplified by focusing on the business owner’s credit rather than on the business financials. Between the two survey years of 1987 and 1993, the percent of small firms using

lines of credit increased slightly while the percent using all other traditional credit declined. See

John Wolken and Rebel Cole, “Bank and Nonbank Competition for Small Business Credit:

Evidence from the 1987 and 1993 National Survey of Small Business Finances,” Federal Reserve

Bulletin (November 1996).

cline occurred in the under $100 million asset size group (Chart 2.3).9 The

number of de novo or newly chartered banks also declined: according to one

study, de novo banks are more active in small business lending than incumbent banks.10

Large banks with assets of more than $1 billion account for 74 percent of

total assets and 76 percent of total business loans in the banking industry, but

their small business loan portfolios are a smaller share of the total. Some 398

large banks made 50.8 percent of the dollar value of small business bank

loans under $1 million and 42.8 percent of the dollar value of those under

$250,000 in 1996 (Table 2.12).

Nevertheless, small business loans have an important and growing place

in the portfolios of many billion-dollar banks.11 Large banks’ share of the

amount of loans under $1 million increased from 48.5 percent in 1995 to

50.8 percent in 1996. The increase came from growth in the number and size

of these banks through mergers and acquisitions, as well as from a larger

share of their assets being lent to small firms.12

Moreover, many large banks are developing a new class of business

loans—including small business lines of credit—thereby increasing their

lending in the smallest loan category.

13 Their share of the smaller loans under

$100,000 increased significantly in value and especially in the number of

loans made (Charts 2.4 and 2.5). Still, small banks with assets under $500

million remain the major suppliers of loans in the under $100,000 size category, accounting for 57 percent of the dollar amount.

How the bank merger and acquisition activities of recent years will affect

small business lending is a key question for small business researchers and
58 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table 2.12 Distributionn of Loans and Loan Dollars by Loan 

Type and Size and Asset Size of Bank, June 30, 1996 

Loan Sizes

Under $100,000

j

$100,000–$250,000

j

Under $250,000

j

$250,000–$1 Million

j 

Under $1 Million O

$1 M

Type of Loan/ Dollar Dollar Dollar Dollar Dollar (DBank’s Asset Size Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount Am

Commercial and Industrial Loans0–$100 Million 19.3 24.6 10.8 11.5 18.7 20.5 7.1 6.8 18.2 15.0 0$100 Million–$500 Million 21.9 27.8 25.1 25.8 22.1 27.2 21.1 20.6 22.0 24.5 $500 Million–$1 Billion 5.0 6.3 7.1 7.1 5.2 6.5 6.5 6.8 5.2 6.7 $1 Billion–$10 Billion 30.4 20.6 28.8 28.0 30.3 22.9 31.6 31.8 30.4 26.4 2Over $10 Billion 23.4 20.7 28.1 27.6 23.7 22.9 33.8 34.0 24.2 27.3 7

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10

Real Estate0–$100 Million 32.0 32.0 13.1 13.1 27.0 22.5 10.2 9.2 23.7 14.9 $100 Million–$500 Million 34.8 34.8 30.0 30.0 33.5 32.4 27.3 27.5 32.3 29.6 $500 Million–$1 Billion 6.0 6.3 8.3 8.3 6.6 7.3 8.1 8.5 6.9 8.0 $1 Billion–$10 Billion 16.2 16.2 26.1 26.6 18.8 21.5 28.1 28.2 20.6 25.3 3Over $10 Billion 11.0 10.7 22.4 21.9 14.0 16.4 26.3 26.6 16.5 22.3 5

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10

Total Business Loans0–$100 Million 21.1 27.0 11.9 12.3 20.1 21.3 8.6 8.2 19.2 14.9 $100 Million–$500 Million 23.6 30.0 27.3 27.9 24.0 29.2 24.1 24.5 24.0 26.9 $500 Million–$1 Billion 5.2 6.3 7.6 7.7 5.4 6.8 7.3 7.8 5.6 7.3 $1 Billion–$10 Billion 28.5 19.2 27.6 27.3 28.4 22.4 29.9 29.7 28.5 25.9 2Over $10 Billion 21.7 17.6 25.6 24.8 22.1 20.4 30.1 29.9 22.7 24.9 6

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10

Source: Special tabulations of the June 1996 call reports (Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income for U.S. Banks) prepared for the U.S. Small Busin

Office of Advocacy, by James Kolari, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
The State of Small Business 59

Source: Prepared by the U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from 

call report data, June 1996.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Percent

>$10B

<$100M

$500M–$1B

$1B–$10B

$100M–$500M

1994 1995 1996

Chart 2.5 Changes in the Share of the Amount of Small Business Loans 

Under $100,000 by Bank Size, 1994–1996.

Source: Prepared by the U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from 

call report data, June 1996.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

>$10B

<$100M

$500M–$1B

$1B–$10B

$100M–$500M Percent

1994 1995 1996

Bank Asset Size
percent, and 30 percent, respectively. It appears that, on the whole, the acquiring banks have not acted to reduce the small business lending of acquired banks in post-merger reorganizations. The issue is complicated and

the findings of existing literature point to mixed conclusions, as expected.

Concerns are emerging, however, about potential declines in small business lending caused by mergers and acquisitions, as identified in two reports

prepared for the U.S. Small Business Administration’s Office of Advocacy.

14 A

report by Joe Peek concludes that the small business lending behavior of acquiring banks assumes primary importance in assessing the impact of mergers

and acquisitions on small business lending. As most acquiring banks will return to their natural practices, the acquisition of active small business lenders

by banks inactive in the small business loan market is likely to have serious

negative effects on small business lending.

A study by Kolari and Zardkoohi concluded that while banks that were

members of a bank holding company (BHC) tended to make more small business loans as a proportion of total assets than independent banks, members of

large bank holding companies tended to have lower small business loan ratios than did members of small bank holding companies. Similarly, while

branch banks tended to make more small business loans than banks with no

branches, large branch bank organizations tended to have lower small business loan ratios than small branch bank organizations. And states allowing

statewide branching tended to have lower small business loan ratios than did

states with limitations on statewide branching.

According to Kolari and Zardkoohi, these results suggest that the current

trend toward large bank holding companies and large branching organizations will have a negative effect on the small business credit supply. In general, the researchers concluded, the weight of the evidence in their study and

others is more negative than positive in terms of the potential effects of banking industry consolidation on small business lending.

Small firms across the country can expect some difficulties in obtaining

bank credit as the banking industry undergoes a period of structural change.

Whether these negative effects are short-term or long-term in nature is not

possible to discern from the current data: further research is needed to examine the effects of consolidation on small business credit over time, the researchers said.

60 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

14 Joe Peek, The Effects of Interstate Banking on Small Business Lending, report no. PB97-

186068, prepared for the U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy (Springfield,

Va.: National Technical Information Service, February 1997) and James Kolari and A. Zardkoohi,

The Impact of Structural Change in the Banking Industry on Small Business Lending, report no.

PB98-106693, prepared for the U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy

(Springfield, Va.: National Technical Information Service, May 1997).
The State of Small Business 61

nies, but factors on the negative side include banks’ higher costs for conducting “relationship” banking with small business borrowers (especially for very

small loans), the higher threshold for entry into small business lending markets, and the high transition costs for small firms seeking to reestablish lenderborrower relationships disrupted by ownership changes.

Federal financial regulatory agencies need to be sensitive to these problems, especially potential impacts on certain groups of borrowers in small

market areas where relationship banking has become prohibitively costly for

large acquiring banks.15

In sum, banks of all sizes have been active in small business lending and

it appears that a number of large banks became more active in 1996. Small

banks, however, remained the predominant lenders to very small borrowers.

Lending Under the SBA’s Guarantee Programs 

Both the number and dollar amount of loans made under the loan guaranty

programs of the U.S. Small Business Administration declined in FY 1996. The

number of loans decreased from 55,597 to 45,845; the amount declined from

$8.3 billion to $7.7 billion. Beginning in FY 1994 and continuing into FY

1995, the agency slowed the promotion of loans under $100,000. It is also

possible that commercial banks have seen more opportunities in the small

loan market and have expanded private, non-SBA lending.16

Lending by Finance Companies

Finance companies have continued to penetrate the small business loan markets over the past 20 years. Lending by finance companies continued to increase in 1996, although at a much slower pace than in the previous year

(Table 2.13). A preliminary study by Federal Reserve Board economists based

on the 1993 National Survey of Small Business Finances concluded that

banks lost market share, but only slightly, to nonbank lenders in the market

for small business credit between 1987 and 1993.

17 While small business uses

of all credit from banks declined during the two survey years, nonbank inroads into the equipment loan, motor vehicle loan and capital lease markets

15 For a better understanding of these banks’ lending practices, a data base could be developed tracking the small business lending activities of their acquirees over time. 16 For example, the number of low documentation or “low-doc” loans (generally, loans

under $100,000) increased from 5,862 in FY 1994 to 30,880 in FY 1995. 17 Based on two surveys on small business finances conducted for the Federal Reserve

Board and the U.S. Small Business Administration. See Wolken and Cole, “Bank and Nonbank

Competition,” Table 9, 992.
62 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Price Index

Billions of Change for GDP

Dollars (Percent) (Percent)

December 31, 19962 309.5 2.6 1.8

December 31, 19952 301.6 9.7 2.4

December 31, 19942 274.9 –6.7 2.5

December 31, 1993 294.6 –2.3 2.3

December 31, 1992 301.3 1.9 2.5

December 31, 1991 295.8 0.9 2.6

December 31, 1990 293.6 14.6 3.4

December 31, 1989 256.0 9.1 4.6

December 31, 1988 234.6 13.9 3.9

December 31, 1987 206.0 19.7 4.0

December 31, 1986 172.1 9.3 3.2

December 31, 1985 157.5 14.3 2.5

December 31, 1984 137.8 21.9 3.5

December 31, 1983 113.4 12.9 3.8

December 31, 1982 100.4 0 5.3

December 31, 1981 100.3 11.1 8.5

December 31, 1980 90.3

1 Changes from the fourth quarter of the year before. 2 Major data revision for 1994–1996. See Federal Reserve Board, Federal Reserve Bulletin,

December 1997, A33.

Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Reserve Bulletin, Table

1.52, various issues; U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Business

Conditions Digest, various issues; and idem., Survey of Current Business, various issues.

18 Wolken and Cole, “Bank and Nonbank Competition,” Table 10, 992.

increased.18 Overall, finance companies provided 13 percent of total traditional small firm financing (Chart 2.2). Finance companies were responsible

for 21 percent of the total value of small business equipment loans provided

by the six major traditional financing sources (Table 2.4). The comparable

figure for leasing was 19 percent; for lines of credit, 15 percent.

Borrowing in the Public Issue Markets

In the context of a continuing stock market boom, the initial public offering

market showed significant growth in 1996. The number and volume of common stock IPOs increased 50 percent and 65 percent, respectively, to 870
The State of Small Business 63

from $16 million in 1994 to $21 million in 1995 to $28 million in 1996.

IPO offerings by venture-backed companies also increased significantly, to

276 from 183 in 1995 (Chart 2.6).

Venture Capital Funds

High returns on investment from the initial public offerings of venture-backed

companies encouraged increases in fundraising by venture capital funds in

1996. Funds raised by venture capital firms amounted to $7.5 billion, another

historic high (Table 2.15).19 A new development was an increase in commitments from corporations, which accounted for 18 percent of total contributions in 1996, compared with a mere 2 percent in 1995 (Table 2.16). A booming public offering market continued to contribute to higher rates of return for

venture capital investment in 1996.20

Disbursements to small businesses by small business investment companies (SBICs) increased significantly—by more than 60 percent—from $1.18

billion in 1995 to $1.85 billion in 1996 (Table 2.17). All of the increase came

from regular SBICs as a result of the SBA’s restructuring the program to promote the formation of larger SBICs. Investment by specialized SBICs (301d

companies or SSBICs), most of them very small, declined further in 1996. The

volume of disbursements decreased from $148 million in 1995 to $117 million in 1996. The future of these SSBICs remains uncertain.

Conclusion 

Given a steady economy with normal demand for seasonal and expansion capital, small businesses found an ample supply of debt capital in 1996.

A very healthy banking system provided adequate small business loans, although still at relatively high interest rates.

The availability of equity financing, especially for fast-growing firms,

continued to expand in the booming equity market of 1996. Both initial public offerings and private venture capital reached historically high volumes.

19 The venture capital market hit bottom when total commitments amounted to $1.27 billion in 1991. 20 ”Venture Returns Skyrocket to 50.7 Percent,” Venture Capital Journal, May 1996, 7.
64 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Offerings by All Issuers

1996 870 49,848

1995 581 30,047

1994 609 28,447

1993 707 41,283

1992 517 24,139

1991 368 16,846

1990 177 4,822

1989 209 6,082

1988 228 5,940

Offerings by Issuers with Assets of 

$10 Million or Less

1996 304 5,789

1995 193 3,174

1994 202 2,080

1993 203 2,798

1992 171 2,241

1991 116 1,334

1990 86 1,310

1989 89 584

1988 83 656

Offerings by Nonfinancial Issuers with Assets of 

$10 Million or Less

1996 291 5,686

1995 187 3,129

1994 190 1,975

1993 189 2,043

1992 164 1,919

1991 108 879

1990 67 951

1989 84 562

1988 71 366

*Excludes closed end funds. Registered offerings data from the Securities and Exchange

Commission are no longer available. Data provided by Securities Data Company are not as inclusive as those registered with the SEC. 

Source: Special tabulations prepared for the U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of

Advocacy, by Securities Data Company, Inc., 1998.
The State of Small Business 65

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data provided by 

Securities Data Incorporated.

All IPOs

Small Nonfinancial IPOs

Venture-Backed IPOs

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1989

1988

0 100 200 400 600 800

Number of Offerings

300 500 700 900
66 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

p

Capital Firms1 Companies of Funded At End of Year 2

Year (Billions of Dollars) (Billions of Dollars) Companies (Billions of Dollars)

1996 7.5 9.6 NA NA 

1995 4.4 7.2 NA NA 

1994 3.8 5.3 1,011 34.1 

1993 2.5 5.3 969 34.8

1992 2.5 4.9 1,207 31.1

1991 1.3 2.6 792 32.9

1990 1.8 3.8 1,176 36.0

1989 2.4 3.4 1,465 34.4

1988 2.9 3.8 1,530 31.1

1987 4.1 4.0 1,740 29.0

1986 3.3 3.2 1,512 24.1

1985 3.3 2.7 1,388 19.6

1984 4.2 2.7 1,410 16.3

1983 4.5 2.5 1,236 12.1

1982 1.7 1.4 828 6.7

NA = Not available 1 Major data revision for disbursement figures. See Venture Capital Journal, January, 1998. 2 The capital pool at year end should equal the total pool at the end of the previous year

plus new commitments, minus the amount of net withdrawal (or liquidation) from the funds. For

1983, an additional $600 million was identified which had not been included in the prior estimate.

Source: Capital Publishing Corporation, Venture Capital Journal (various issues).
The State of Small Business 67

Table 2.16 Sources of Capital Committed to Independent Venture Funds, 1983–1996 (Percent)

1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 

Total (Billions of 

Dollars) 3.4 3.2 2.3 3.3 4.2 2.8 2.4 1.8 1.3 2.5 2.5 3.8 

Share Contributed by:

Pension Funds 31 34 33 50 39 46 36 53 42 42 59 46 

Foreign Sources/

Others* 16 18 23 11 13 14 13 7 12 11 4 2 

Corporations 12 14 12 11 11 11 20 7 4 3 8 9 

Endowments 8 6 8 6 10 12 12 13 24 19 11 21 

Individuals 21 15 13 12 12 8 6 11 12 11 7 12 

Banks/Insurance 

Companies 12 13 11 10 15 9 13 9 6 15 11 9 

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 

Note: Data may not add to 100 percent because of rounding.*Others include funds-of-funds.Source: Capital Publishing Corporation, Venture Capital Journal (various issues).
68 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

jj

Year Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount

1996 2,302 1,848.5 1,343 1,731.7 959 116.8

1995 2,173 1,184.4 1,045 1,036.7 1,128 148.3

1994 2,375 1,120.6 1,070 965.2 1,305 155.4

1993 2,302 923.6 986 784.9 1,316 138.7

1992 1,633 484.2 767 395.7 866 88.5

1991 2,044 460.1 1,036 364.2 1,008 95.9

1990 2,367 645.2 1,334 545.9 1,033 99.3

1989 3,322 690.0 1,876 542.4 1,446 147.6

1988 3,724 750.9 2,227 614.4 1,497 136.5

1987 4,128 680.5 2,522 537.9 1,606 142.6

1986 4,333 620.8 2,675 75.9 1,658 144.9

1985 4,205 542.3 2,756 434.6 1,449 107.7

1984 3,990 513.9 2,755 425.5 1,235 88.0

1983 3,247 468.8 2,464 412.9 783 55.9

1982 2,941 369.9 2,177 322.9 764 47.0

1981 3,176 387.1 2,434 332.7 742 54.4

1980 2,637 337.4 2,090 295.2 547 42.2

* 301(d) companies are minority or economically disadvantaged small business investment

companies.

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Investment Division.
Supplementary Tables

Table A.1 Sources of GDP Growth, 1995 and 1996 73

Table A.2 Business Income Tax Returns by Receipt Size of 

Business, 1985–1994 74

Table A.3 Firms, Establishments, Employment, Annual 

Payroll, and Estimated Receipts by Firm Size, 

1988–1995 76

Table A.4 Firms, Establishments, Employment, Annual Payroll,

and Estimated Receipts by Firm Size, SBA Region, 

and State, 1995 78

Table A.5 Firms, Employment, and Estimated Receipts by Firm

Size and Metropolitan Statistical Area, !994 88

Table A.6 Firms, Establishments, Employment, Annual Payroll,

and Estimated Receipts by Firm Size and Major

Industry, 1995 98

Table A.7 Firms, Establishments, Employment, Annual Payroll,

and Estimated Receipts by Firm Size and Industry

(Two-Digit SIC Code), 1995 100

Table A.8 Employment by Firm Size and Major Industrial

Sector, 1988–1995 114

Table A.9 Nonfarm Private Firms by Firm Size and Major

Industrial Sector, 1988–1995 118

Table A.10 Average Employment per Firm by Major Industry and

Firm Size, 1988 and 1994 122

Table A.11 Firms by SBA Region and State, 1995 and 1996 123

Table A.12 New Firms and New Incorporations by SBA Region

and State, 1995 and 1996 125

Table A.13 Business Dissolutions by SBA Region and State, 

1995 and 1996 127

page 69 = no folio
Births, Deaths, Expansions, and Contractions,

1994–1995 130

Table A.16 Firms and Employment Changes from New Firms,

Firm Deaths, and Continuing Firms by Major

Industry, 1992–1993 132

Table A.17 Establishment Changes by Firm Size and State,

1994–1995 134

Table A.18 Employment Changes from Establishment Changes

by Firm Size and State, 1994–1995 136

Table A.19 Employment in Selected Small-Business-Dominated

Industries, December 1995 and December 1996 138

Table A.20 Employment in Selected Large-Business-Dominated

Industries, December 1995 and December 1996 143

Table A.21 Employment in Selected Indeterminate Industries,

December 1995 and December 1996 148

Table A.22 Employment by Firm Size and Major Industrial

Sector, December 1995 and December 1996 153

Table A.23 Nonfarm Sole Proprietorship Income and Wage-andSalary Income by SBA Region and State, 1995 

and 1996 154

Table A.24 Nonfarm Personal Income by SBA Region and

State, 1995 and 1996 156

Table A.25 Self-Employment by SBA Region and State,

1995 and 1996 158

Table A.26 Characteristics of Business Owners, 1992 160

Table A.27 Characteristics of Firms, 1992 162

Table A.28 Women-Owned Firms by SBA Region and State,

1987 and 1992 164

Table A.29 Minority-Owned Firms by SBA Region and State

1987 and 1992 166

Table A.30 Nonfarm Sole Proprietorships and Receipts by

Gender of Owner and SBA Region, 1980, 1993,

and 1994 168

70 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Table A.32 Nongovernment Employment by SBA Region and

State, 1995 and 1996 170

Table A.33 U.S. Business Measures, 1975–1996 172

Supplementary Tables 71
Supplementary Tables 73

1995 1996 1995–1996 1995–1996

Gross Domestic Product 6,742.9 6,907.2 164.3 2.4

Personal Consumption 4,577.8 4,690.7 112.9 2.5 

Gross Private Domestic 

Investment 1,010.2 1,057.5 47.3 4.7 

Nonresidential 714.3 766.8 52.5 7.3 

Residential 262.8 276.7 13.9 5.3 

Change in Business Inventories 33.1 14.0 219.1 257.7 

Net Exports 2107.6 2113.6 26.0 5.6 

Exports 775.4 825.9 50.5 6.5 

Imports 883.0 939.5 56.5 6.4 

Government Consumption 1,260.2 1,270.6 10.4 0.8 

Federal 472.3 467.1 25.2 21.1 

State and Local 788.6 804.3 15.7 2.0 

Source: Adapted by the U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from figures

released by the Council of Economic Advisers, Economic Indicators, March 1997.
74

The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table A.2 Business Income Tax Returns by Receipt Size of Business, 1985–1994 (Thousands)

Thousands of Businesses Reporting

Receipt Size of Business (Dollars) 1 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 

Total Returns 16,919.4 17,525.2 18,351.4 18,619.4 19,560.7 20,052.9 20,499.0 20,476.7 20,874.9 

Corporations, Total 3,277.3 3,428.6 3,612.2 3,346.2 3,627.9 3,716.7 3,802.9 3,868.9 3,964.6 

Under 25,0002 710.8 765.3 788.1 818.4 865.2 878.7 924.2 935.7 967.6 

25,000–49,999 236.6 244.2 267.3 227.9 240.9 252.0 260.1 256.5 256.4 

50,000–99,999 330.2 345.4 369.5 330.2 332.3 358.9 375.6 375.8 396.7 

100,000–249,999 620.5 630.6 659.4 620.5 631.6 661.7 665.6 682.9 674.8 

250,000–499,999 489.2 510.5 531.6 459.2 513.1 500.0 514.5 532.9 542.8 

500,000–999,999 352.4 370.4 391.3 352.4 414.7 416.0 415.8 422.8 439.3 

1,000,000 or more 537.6 562.2 605.0 537.6 630.1 649.4 647.1 662.3 687.0 

Partnerships, Total3 1,713.6 1,702.9 1,648.1 1,593.9 1,635.2 1,553.6 1,515.4 1,484.8 1,467.7 

Under 25,0002 840.1 836.6 853.6 829.8 779.0 962.6 955.6 920.6 886.9 

25,000–49,999 195.5 182.9 163.0 117.5 155.6 126.0 113.5 113.0 121.2 

50,000–99,999 199.5 204.5 184.2 183.3 201.6 133.4 120.1 126.0 129.3 

100,000–249,999 190.1 184.0 165.8 160.4 219.2 139.9 143.7 144.7 144.0 

250,000–499,999 165.5 165.1 157.4 159.3 122.4 82.5 78.5 75.3 78.3 

500,000–999,999 66.9 69.1 64.7 73.9 77.9 52.1 49.4 49.6 49.0 

1,000,000 or more 56.0 60.7 59.4 69.7 79.5 57.1 54.6 55.6 59.0 

Nonfarm Sole Proprietorships, Total 11,928.5 12,393.7 13,091.1 13,679.3 14,297.6 14,782.6 15,180.7 15,123.0 15,442.6 

Under 2,5002 3,067.5 3,178.4 3,299.4 3,364.9 3,623.1 3,750.1 3,985.0 3,775.9 3,808.5 

2,500–4,999 1,444.6 1,495.1 1,553.5 1,509.9 1,621.5 1,714.5 1,704.6 1,741.3 1,796.7 

5,000–9,999 1,633.6 1,666.0 1,846.5 1,962.8 1,998.2 2,011.7 2,058.8 2,005.4 2,136.6 

10,000–24,999 2,104.6 2,175.3 2,284.2 2,509.2 2,612.7 2,719.8 2,809.7 2,869.3 2,873.5 

25,000–49,999 1,393.9 1,466.6 1,559.0 1,601.6 1,660.0 1,660.2 1,724.8 1,817.0 1,838.3 
Supplementary Tables 75

50,000–99,999 1,094.1 1,138.3 1,172.0 1,225.8 1,259.0 1,282.1 1,327.0 1,269.0 1,329.6 

100,000–499,999 1,060.2 1,140.9 1,232.1 1,337.3 1,333.9 1,444.2 1,388.6 1,453.6 1,454.4 

500,000–999,999 89.3 95.4 101.6 118.3 139.7 142.7 122.7 133.1 138.6 

1,000,000 or more 40.7 37.7 42.8 49.5 49.5 57.3 59.5 58.4 66.4 

1Size classes are based on the sum of business receipts (gross amounts from sales and operations and gross rents for all industries) except 

insurance, and real estate industry. For this industry, positive net rental income is included, which is the sum of business receipts and investment i

2Includes returns with no receipts as defined above.3Total receipts include, in part, only the net income or loss from farming and rentals. An effort is made to include rental (although not farm

in the receipts used for the size distribution. 

Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service, SOI Bulletin, Table 12.
76 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table A.3

Firms, Establishments, Employment, Annual Payroll and Estimated Receipts by Firm Size, 1988-1995

U.S., All Industries Employment Size of Firm

Item Year Total 0 0–4 5–9 10–19 20–99 100–499 ,500 Employer Firms 1995 5,369,068 688,584 3,249,573 981,094 576,866 469,869 76,222 5,353,624 

1994 5,276,964 691,141 3,208,235 964,985 563,097 452,383 73,267 5,261,967 

1993 5,193,642 671,306 3,139,518 962,481 559,602 445,900 71,512 5,179,013 

1992 5,095,356 644,453 3,075,280 945,802 551,912 439,084 69,156 5,081,234 

1991 5,051,025 NA 3,036,304 941,296 551,299 439,811 68,338 5,037,048 

1990 5,073,795 NA 3,020,935 952,030 562,610 453,732 70,465 5,059,772 

1989 5,021,315 NA 3,003,224 937,202 553,449 443,959 69,608 5,007,442 

1988 4,954,645 NA 2,979,905 923,580 540,988 430,640 66,708 4,941,821 

Establishments 1995 6,612,721 690,772 3,259,795 998,264 618,268 638,616 283,993 5,798,936 

1994 6,509,065 693,992 3,218,076 982,695 608,804 631,324 283,782 5,724,681 1993 6,401,233 673,408 3,147,991 980,865 608,922 631,873 285,184 5,654,835 1992 6,319,300 646,065 3,082,325 964,863 606,276 634,713 283,719 5,571,896 1991 6,200,859 NA 3,048,830 961,391 593,302 593,248 260,595 5,457,366 1990 6,175,559 NA 3,032,253 970,580 599,529 590,496 254,747 5,447,605 1989 6,106,922 NA 3,014,009 956,347 592,901 586,494 252,335 5,402,086 1988 6,016,367 NA 2,989,964 943,442 583,301 581,622 244,697 5,343,026 

Employment 1995 100,314,946 0 5,395,432 6,440,349 7,734,080 18,422,228 14,660,421 52,652,510 

1994 96,721,594 0 5,318,961 6,332,580 7,543,777 17,693,995 14,118,375 51,007,688 1993 94,773,913 0 5,258,195 6,313,651 7,498,345 17,420,634 13,825,238 50,316,063 1992 92,825,797 0 5,178,909 6,202,861 7,390,874 17,121,010 13,307,187 49,200,841 1991 92,307,559 0 5,151,143 6,174,730 7,386,939 17,146,411 13,143,390 49,002,613 1990 93,469,275 0 5,116,914 6,251,632 7,543,360 17,710,042 13,544,849 50,166,797 1989 91,626,094 0 5,054,429 6,152,151 7,420,196 17,353,444 13,373,640 49,353,860 1988 87,844,303 0 5,006,203 6,060,724 7,252,715 16,833,702 12,761,379 47,914,723 

Annual Payroll

(Thousands of

Dollars) 1995 2,665,921,824 25,787,172 141,537,925 137,083,047 175,388,093 437,065,364 361,060,815 1,252,135,244 

1994 2,487,959,727 24,081,138 134,649,352 131,666,587 166,475,972 408,053,078 335,573,696 1,176,418,685 

1993 2,363,208,106 22,361,727 128,968,107 127,133,193 159,153,336 385,005,072 316,183,732 1,116,443,440 
Supplementary Tables 77

1992 2,272,392,408 21,432,778 124,592,441 122,381,613 152,830,640 368,969,129 298,174,483 1,066,948,306 

1991 2,145,015,851 NA 118,233,813 116,794,212 146,516,583 352,032,797 279,436,898 1,013,014,303 

1990 2,103,971,179 NA 116,856,518 114,006,469 144,450,673 352,390,861 279,451,864 1,007,156,385 

1989 1,989,941,554 NA 112,462,139 108,002,714 136,794,734 332,733,188 264,144,335 954,137,110 

1988 1,858,652,147 NA 108,800,891 103,041,106 130,326,463 315,751,201 244,647,178 902,566,839 

Estimated Receipts 

(Thousands of

Dollars) 1995 15,751,365,178 129,711,136 919,734,985 778,863,865 965,258,998 2,678,292,849 2,062,235,050 7,404,385,747 

1994 14,840,452,031 122,784,184 880,763,759 752,675,397 928,380,448 2,531,402,508 1,930,758,304 7,023,980,416 

1993 14,098,572,035 116,064,572 846,812,139 730,360,041 891,635,409 2,394,813,062 1,816,354,667 6,679,975,318 

1992 13,605,183,510 110,778,665 820,739,417 705,146,922 859,446,404 2,292,331,108 1,717,787,820 6,395,451,671 

1991 12,961,443,722 NA 777,737,765 680,215,533 829,024,906 2,207,714,822 1,618,186,793 6,112,879,819 

1990 9,450,655,960 NA 626,678,614 569,639,860 681,191,539 1,715,442,516 1,316,747,423 4,909,699,952 

NA = Not AvailableNotes: 1990 is the first year estimated receipts were reported. Establishments are locations with active payroll in any quarter. Employment is 

March; thus, some firms will have no employment and some annual payroll. Firms are an aggregation of all establishments owned by a parent co

table illustrates the changing importance of firm sizes over time. It does not illustrate job growth, as firms can grow or decline and change firm siz

time.

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, based on data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of th
78 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table A.4

Firms, Establishments, Employment, Annual Payroll, and Estimated Receipts by Firm Size, SBA Region, an

1995 (Payroll and Receipts in Thousands of Dollars)

Employment Size of Firm

State Total 0 1–4 5–9 10–19 ,20 20–99 100–499 ,500 5001 United States

Firms 5,369,068 688,584 2,560,989 981,094 576,866 4,807,533 469,869 76,222 5,353,624 15,4

Establishments 6,612,721 690,772 2,569,023 998,264 618,268 4,876,327 638,616 283,993 5,798,936 813,7

Employment 100,314,946 0 5,395,432 6,440,349 7,734,080 19,569,861 18,422,228 14,660,421 52,652,510 47,662,4

Annual Payroll 2,665,921,824 25,787,172 115,750,753 137,083,047 175,388,093 454,009,065 437,065,364 361,060,815 1,252,135,244 1,413,786,5

Estimated Receipts 15,751,365,178 129,711,136 790,023,849 778,863,865 965,258,998 2,663,857,848 2,678,292,849 2,062,235,050 7,404,385,747 8,346,979,4

Region IConnecticut

Firms 78,646 8,923 37,001 14,054 8,269 68,247 6,794 1,755 76,796 1,8

Establishments 91,181 8,951 37,081 14,300 8,785 69,117 8,391 3,810 81,318 9,8

Employment 1,411,477 0 77,436 91,770 109,963 279,169 251,521 214,212 744,902 666,5

Annual Payroll 47,069,731 413,442 2,149,949 2,522,069 3,126,312 8,211,772 7,634,103 6,359,809 22,205,684 24,864,0

Estimated Receipts 289,758,191 2,203,862 14,652,348 13,688,646 15,760,302 46,305,158 43,739,877 35,745,987 125,791,022 163,967,1

Maine

Firms 31,689 5,102 14,571 5,355 3,043 28,071 2,335 529 30,935 7Establishments 36,297 5,108 14,606 5,421 3,210 28,345 3,151 1,526 33,022 3,2

Employment 432,290 0 30,422 35,032 40,119 105,573 86,877 68,847 261,297 170,9Annual Payroll 9,800,256 141,051 546,633 625,416 777,171 2,090,271 1,804,573 1,384,150 5,278,994 4,521,2

Estimated Receipts 60,371,785 755,487 3,603,299 3,486,455 4,075,477 11,920,718 11,456,037 8,710,487 32,087,242 28,284,5

Massachusetts

Firms 135,268 16,370 62,388 23,812 14,227 116,797 12,542 3,309 132,648 2,6

Establishments 160,341 16,405 62,576 24,143 14,988 118,112 15,511 8,055 141,678 18,6

Employment 2,735,294 0 133,676 154,876 189,221 477,773 475,760 441,935 1,395,468 1,339,8Annual Payroll 83,393,002 673,137 3,339,092 3,876,813 5,006,675 12,895,717 13,087,466 12,587,206 38,570,389 44,822,6

Estimated Receipts 446,215,186 3,139,357 22,463,411 21,399,715 26,493,820 73,496,303 74,957,399 63,716,103 212,169,805 234,045,3

New Hampshire

Firms 29,989 4,025 13,370 5,436 2,967 25,798 2,608 662 29,068 9Establishments 34,644 4,036 13,395 5,521 3,135 26,087 3,247 1,457 30,791 3,8

Employment 464,013 0 28,463 35,501 39,212 103,176 93,699 70,330 267,205 196,8Annual Payroll 11,773,897 120,786 617,371 786,623 916,264 2,441,044 2,240,858 1,693,026 6,374,928 5,398,9

Estimated Receipts 67,479,822 666,474 4,168,658 4,422,284 4,855,452 14,112,868 14,075,381 8,892,872 37,081,121 30,398,7
Supplementary Tables 79

Rhode Island

Firms 25,018 3,213 12,147 3,901 2,383 21,644 2,074 524 24,242 7Establishments 27,765 3,213 12,163 3,952 2,483 21,811 2,392 939 25,142 2,6

Employment 379,595 0 25,256 25,504 31,636 82,396 76,309 62,133 220,838 158,7Annual Payroll 9,480,022 132,439 532,387 542,144 719,032 1,926,002 1,788,188 1,482,187 5,196,377 4,283,6

Estimated Receipts 52,061,207 533,390 3,546,329 3,019,934 3,782,680 10,882,333 10,400,613 7,760,088 29,043,034 23,018,1

Vermont

Firms 18,437 2,353 8,950 3,179 1,762 16,244 1,365 316 17,925 5Establishments 20,541 2,367 8,970 3,211 1,856 16,404 1,814 840 19,058 1,4Employment 224,327 0 18,778 20,808 23,535 63,121 48,709 38,685 150,515 73,8Annual Payroll 5,040,562 48,804 329,349 356,984 443,585 1,178,722 1,015,655 868,142 3,062,519 1,978,0

Estimated Receipts 31,975,854 259,311 2,185,510 2,181,602 2,573,663 7,200,086 7,156,217 4,958,090 19,314,393 12,661,4

Region IINew Jersey

Firms 192,876 25,400 95,026 32,000 18,272 170,698 15,552 3,715 189,965 2,9

Establishments 220,984 25,473 95,271 32,428 19,015 172,187 18,223 7,391 197,801 23,1

Employment 3,184,257 0 197,054 209,002 242,818 648,874 580,297 465,519 1,694,690 1,489,5

Annual Payroll 102,814,007 1,032,790 5,175,893 5,632,130 7,010,755 18,851,568 16,717,874 13,285,387 48,854,829 53,959,1

Estimated Receipts 623,591,161 5,466,395 37,458,174 33,105,818 38,405,674 114,436,061 106,276,616 80,685,309 301,397,986 322,193,1

New York

Firms 407,036 53,492 208,312 66,017 37,283 365,104 31,280 6,756 403,140 3,8

Establishments 467,233 53,557 208,789 66,880 39,035 368,261 38,129 16,147 422,537 44,6

Employment 6,780,555 0 424,272 430,314 497,136 1,351,722 1,183,145 1,038,643 3,573,510 3,207,0

Annual Payroll 225,109,709 2,767,133 10,581,655 11,055,564 14,058,597 38,462,949 34,058,822 30,637,971 103,159,742 121,949,9

Estimated Receipts 1,261,709,090 13,514,231 78,760,494 66,341,490 79,873,817 238,490,032 209,738,302 175,635,870 623,864,204 637,844,8

Region IIIDelaware

Firms 17,948 2,428 7,608 2,969 1,820 14,825 1,568 485 16,878 1,0

Establishments 20,990 2,430 7,629 3,008 1,943 15,010 1,951 889 17,850 3,1

Employment 324,464 0 15,692 19,442 23,821 58,955 54,521 39,255 152,731 171,7Annual Payroll 9,361,252 92,352 307,807 412,887 538,597 1,351,643 1,299,366 914,721 3,565,730 5,795,5

Estimated Receipts 56,263,853 403,176 1,938,766 2,166,791 2,748,330 7,257,063 6,535,940 5,166,085 18,959,088 37,304,7

District of Columbia

Firms 16,307 1,509 6,522 2,731 1,807 12,569 1,962 812 15,343 9Establishments 19,448 1,515 6,535 2,763 1,892 12,705 2,377 1,387 16,469 2,9

Employment 413,532 NA NA 17,762 23,234 54,737 65,527 73,712 193,976 219,5

Annual Payroll 14,639,393 NA NA 616,422 787,609 2,079,000 2,268,565 2,621,223 6,968,788 7,670,6

Estimated Receipts 61,405,423 NA NA 2,443,731 3,144,346 8,708,807 8,806,860 8,643,477 26,159,144 35,246,2
80 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table A.4

Firms, Establishments, Employment, Annual Payroll, and Estimated Receipts by Firm Size, SBA Region, a

1995 (Payroll and Receipts in Thousands of Dollars)—Continued

Employment Size of Firm

State Total 0 1–4 5–9 10–19 ,20 20–99 100–499 ,500 5001 Maryland

Firms 101,712 12,710 44,804 18,630 11,358 87,502 9,562 2,348 99,412 2,3

Establishments 122,336 12,740 44,923 18,926 12,031 88,620 12,084 5,377 106,081 16,2

Employment 1,820,573 NA NA 122,502 150,398 368,435 350,172 275,220 993,827 826,7

Annual Payroll 49,130,923 NA NA 2,739,363 3,522,466 8,885,835 8,634,875 7,096,297 24,617,007 24,513,9

Estimated Receipts 268,510,622 NA NA 14,139,813 17,491,608 47,057,667 47,067,350 37,725,948 131,850,965 136,659,6

Pennsylvania

Firms 232,757 23,651 108,925 43,408 25,866 201,850 22,381 4,928 229,159 3,5

Establishments 283,973 23,746 109,247 44,123 27,632 204,748 29,171 12,751 246,670 37,3

Employment 4,701,548 0 233,766 284,602 344,770 863,138 848,957 706,147 2,418,242 2,283,3

Annual Payroll 123,480,892 837,242 4,468,352 5,834,671 7,863,424 19,003,689 20,139,868 16,955,854 56,099,411 67,381,4

Estimated Receipts 706,775,905 4,311,222 30,763,048 32,144,316 41,704,431 108,923,017 123,173,445 90,987,138 323,083,600 383,692,3

Virginia

Firms 130,977 15,568 59,634 24,248 14,222 113,672 11,669 2,915 128,256 2,7

Establishments 162,361 15,603 59,801 24,588 15,153 115,145 15,630 7,537 138,312 24,0

Employment 2,480,978 0 126,784 159,111 187,832 473,727 421,410 348,706 1,243,843 1,237,1Annual Payroll 63,259,141 463,629 2,487,838 3,257,754 4,137,670 10,346,891 10,021,378 8,598,386 28,966,655 34,292,4

Estimated Receipts 355,185,224 2,130,718 15,789,479 16,702,780 20,809,755 55,432,732 56,002,612 44,201,138 155,636,482 199,548,7

West Virginia

Firms 34,003 3,662 15,995 6,269 3,565 29,491 2,802 667 32,960 1,0

Establishments 40,597 3,672 16,053 6,353 3,799 29,877 3,641 1,898 35,416 5,1

Employment 530,583 0 34,205 40,748 46,781 121,734 100,181 73,770 295,685 234,8Annual Payroll 11,927,996 88,604 485,695 662,162 847,481 2,083,942 1,942,520 1,423,909 5,450,371 6,477,6

Estimated Receipts 74,669,135 467,753 3,431,954 3,722,792 5,065,640 12,688,139 13,811,407 6,992,282 33,491,828 41,177,3

Region IVAlabama

Firms 78,802 8,711 35,704 14,758 8,706 67,879 7,208 1,694 76,781 2,0

Establishments 96,048 8,723 35,780 14,971 9,216 68,690 9,458 4,303 82,451 13,5

Employment 1,553,301 0 76,609 96,936 115,416 288,961 268,581 212,884 770,426 782,8

Annual Payroll 34,476,535 256,442 1,296,823 1,771,861 2,332,625 5,657,751 5,559,794 4,304,223 15,521,768 18,954,7

Estimated Receipts 210,844,028 1,318,919 9,531,066 10,498,314 13,103,711 34,452,010 36,748,962 25,896,550 97,097,522 113,746,5
Supplementary Tables 81

Florida

Firms 333,415 45,178 166,666 56,900 31,300 300,044 24,543 5,175 329,762 3,6

Establishments 398,204 45,327 167,102 57,722 33,213 303,364 31,462 13,398 348,224 49,9

Employment 5,208,187 0 346,358 371,732 414,525 1,132,615 918,983 673,244 2,724,842 2,483,3

Annual Payroll 119,270,492 1,590,553 7,271,829 7,882,137 9,071,420 25,815,939 20,125,006 14,596,299 60,537,244 58,733,2

Estimated Receipts 670,981,486 7,689,050 48,548,449 41,340,338 45,918,176 143,496,013 115,194,089 83,104,609 341,794,711 329,186,7

Georgia

Firms 145,455 19,170 65,565 25,757 15,191 125,683 12,811 3,503 141,997 3,4

Establishments 178,995 19,226 65,701 26,124 16,084 127,135 16,193 7,981 151,309 27,6

Employment 2,918,689 NA NA 168,594 200,744 507,500 465,928 380,640 1,354,068 1,564,6

Annual Payroll 73,586,980 NA NA 3,596,898 4,516,434 11,886,161 10,703,675 8,800,666 31,390,502 42,196,4

Estimated Receipts 449,214,466 NA NA 20,571,657 24,823,656 70,583,788 63,561,136 53,799,483 187,944,407 261,270,0

Kentucky

Firms 70,298 7,401 31,669 12,886 7,790 59,746 6,904 1,660 68,310 1,9

Establishments 85,118 7,420 31,742 13,027 8,203 60,392 8,991 4,186 73,569 11,5

Employment 1,347,019 0 68,017 84,473 103,383 255,873 253,051 202,319 711,243 635,7

Annual Payroll 30,095,378 239,112 1,117,364 1,469,894 1,938,696 4,765,066 4,971,430 4,086,049 13,822,545 16,272,8

Estimated Receipts 200,519,958 1,201,179 8,184,536 8,593,919 11,253,280 29,232,914 33,209,937 24,799,514 87,242,365 113,277,5

Mississippi

Firms 47,469 5,192 22,458 8,721 4,854 41,225 3,861 969 46,055 1,4

Establishments 57,089 5,226 22,508 8,848 5,140 41,722 5,138 2,924 49,784 7,3

Employment 870,719 0 47,843 56,795 64,361 168,999 142,253 124,513 435,765 434,9Annual Payroll 17,360,067 143,132 706,038 916,927 1,142,031 2,908,128 2,698,426 2,282,027 7,888,581 9,471,4

Estimated Receipts 111,567,172 744,722 5,170,909 5,713,713 6,892,535 18,521,879 20,488,352 13,572,767 52,582,998 58,984,1

North Carolina

Firms 148,235 17,775 68,657 27,205 15,738 129,375 12,826 3,084 145,285 2,9

Establishments 181,956 17,852 68,802 27,582 16,835 131,071 17,191 8,410 156,672 25,2

Employment 2,991,679 0 146,290 177,808 208,974 533,072 478,923 412,453 1,424,448 1,567,2

Annual Payroll 70,217,076 511,689 2,637,366 3,439,973 4,351,460 10,940,488 10,262,920 8,939,614 30,143,022 40,074,0

Estimated Receipts 424,585,754 2,883,089 19,526,486 19,999,181 23,991,511 66,400,267 65,963,397 51,594,602 183,958,266 240,627,4

South Carolina

Firms 72,073 8,675 32,910 13,427 7,556 62,568 6,111 1,501 70,180 1,8

Establishments 87,989 8,703 32,981 13,639 8,049 63,372 8,003 3,976 75,351 12,6

Employment 1,395,070 0 70,620 88,038 100,230 258,888 221,910 172,458 653,256 741,8

Annual Payroll 31,292,301 250,765 1,210,902 1,607,549 1,950,268 5,019,484 4,294,125 3,692,147 13,005,756 18,286,5

Estimated Receipts 182,149,510 1,805,248 8,646,052 8,812,810 10,540,677 29,804,787 26,977,288 21,629,926 78,412,001 103,737,5
82 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table A.4

Firms, Establishments, Employment, Annual Payroll, and Estimated Receipts by Firm Size, SBA Region, a

1995 (Payroll and Receipts in Thousands of Dollars)—Continued

Employment Size of Firm

State Total 0 1–4 5–9 10–19 ,20 20–99 100–499 ,500 5001 Tennessee

Firms 101,361 11,531 46,252 18,190 10,868 86,841 9,520 2,347 98,708 2,6

Establishments 124,808 11,551 46,369 18,450 11,468 87,838 12,166 5,630 105,634 19,1

Employment 2,153,244 0 98,733 119,107 144,576 362,416 355,935 293,591 1,011,942 1,141,3Annual Payroll 51,088,304 403,155 1,827,255 2,340,819 3,113,507 7,684,736 8,141,223 6,447,653 22,273,612 28,814,6

Estimated Receipts 305,139,022 2,081,717 12,783,830 13,834,737 17,462,573 46,162,857 50,833,212 39,319,270 136,315,339 168,823,6

Region VIllinois

Firms 245,837 30,071 111,710 43,531 26,961 212,273 23,679 5,864 241,816 4,0

Establishments 293,674 30,135 112,043 44,183 28,548 214,909 29,653 12,916 257,478 36,1

Employment 4,950,185 0 233,411 285,703 358,821 877,935 894,356 754,075 2,526,366 2,423,8

Annual Payroll 143,842,732 1,357,965 5,647,582 6,775,957 9,045,193 22,826,697 23,551,111 20,278,158 66,655,966 77,186,7

Estimated Receipts 856,024,436 6,676,884 38,700,975 39,423,966 50,710,690 135,512,515 142,876,328 115,428,423 393,817,266 462,207,1

Indiana

Firms 114,751 12,567 50,180 21,911 12,991 97,649 11,604 2,857 112,110 2,6

Establishments 141,243 12,597 50,315 22,210 13,767 98,889 15,522 7,465 121,876 19,3

Employment 2,402,917 0 108,761 143,928 172,816 425,505 435,256 381,342 1,242,103 1,160,8Annual Payroll 59,545,276 355,318 1,926,893 2,640,135 3,477,454 8,399,800 9,591,124 8,350,729 26,341,653 33,203,6

Estimated Receipts 363,252,213 1,936,482 13,285,442 15,158,995 19,580,337 49,961,256 61,317,382 50,104,907 161,383,545 201,868,6

Michigan

Firms 188,149 24,245 81,203 36,254 21,656 163,358 18,259 3,700 185,317 2,8

Establishments 226,958 24,285 81,466 36,837 22,987 165,575 24,013 10,348 199,936 27,0

Employment 3,704,100 0 175,769 238,499 289,285 703,553 698,846 538,785 1,941,184 1,762,9

Annual Payroll 107,290,688 784,913 3,861,642 5,202,229 6,837,961 16,686,745 17,560,034 14,080,366 48,327,145 58,963,5

Estimated Receipts 623,527,371 4,054,414 26,660,690 28,468,290 35,818,477 95,001,871 101,981,389 75,599,516 272,582,776 350,944,5

Minnesota

Firms 106,134 14,236 46,059 18,786 11,954 91,035 10,431 2,481 103,947 2,1

Establishments 125,912 14,257 46,162 19,080 12,663 92,162 13,675 6,159 111,996 13,9

Employment 2,072,081 0 96,771 123,356 159,456 379,583 396,438 347,199 1,123,220 948,8

Annual Payroll 54,770,184 446,482 1,988,886 2,472,887 3,459,029 8,367,284 9,219,651 8,396,065 25,983,000 28,787,1

Estimated Receipts 324,922,360 2,260,336 14,702,715 15,521,944 20,841,025 53,326,020 59,110,435 49,021,532 161,457,987 163,464,3
Supplementary Tables 83

Ohio

Firms 211,297 23,675 93,063 40,430 24,342 181,510 21,525 4,812 207,847 3,4

Establishments 263,718 23,743 93,395 41,110 25,991 184,239 28,584 12,647 225,470 38,2

Employment 4,549,929 0 201,333 265,344 324,818 791,495 830,838 686,073 2,308,406 2,241,5

Annual Payroll 117,883,708 716,276 3,860,521 5,445,307 7,286,996 17,309,100 19,213,888 16,259,768 52,782,756 65,100,9

Estimated Receipts 682,732,465 3,742,133 26,549,986 29,920,335 37,903,699 98,116,153 116,903,024 88,914,485 303,933,662 378,798,8

Wisconsin

Firms 111,989 13,156 49,015 20,604 13,051 95,826 11,584 2,477 109,887 2,1

Establishments 133,232 13,192 49,131 20,907 13,903 97,133 15,207 6,464 118,804 14,4

Employment 2,185,846 0 104,065 135,815 174,927 414,807 438,583 363,970 1,217,360 968,4

Annual Payroll 53,648,093 333,643 1,948,855 2,628,491 3,580,420 8,491,409 9,467,353 8,411,149 26,369,911 27,278,1

Estimated Receipts 331,006,834 1,763,024 13,225,135 14,761,145 19,512,906 49,262,210 58,332,088 50,253,596 157,847,894 173,158,9

Region VIArkansas

Firms 51,160 5,884 24,132 9,192 5,341 44,549 4,236 976 49,761 1,3

Establishments 60,228 5,914 24,176 9,306 5,667 45,063 5,740 2,596 53,399 6,8

Employment 891,147 0 50,876 59,826 70,341 181,043 155,594 117,917 454,554 436,5Annual Payroll 18,222,500 143,944 832,805 1,012,055 1,285,499 3,274,303 2,815,007 2,232,196 8,321,506 9,900,9

Estimated Receipts 114,400,928 793,216 5,921,788 6,016,595 7,961,549 20,693,148 19,946,375 14,051,272 54,690,795 59,710,1

Louisiana

Firms 79,074 8,171 35,681 14,767 8,915 67,534 7,905 1,715 77,154 1,9

Establishments 96,059 8,180 35,771 14,991 9,517 68,459 10,366 4,228 83,053 13,0

Employment 1,452,334 0 76,342 96,963 118,214 291,519 300,799 220,524 812,842 639,4

Annual Payroll 33,642,996 248,574 1,455,101 1,780,107 2,302,742 5,786,524 6,113,602 4,536,909 16,437,035 17,205,9

Estimated Receipts 229,773,365 1,216,036 9,583,109 10,331,343 13,131,868 34,262,356 36,465,620 26,370,754 97,098,730 132,674,6

New Mexico

Firms 34,701 4,263 15,531 6,178 3,653 29,625 3,105 743 33,473 1,2

Establishments 40,628 4,269 15,558 6,262 3,848 29,937 4,083 1,895 35,915 4,7

Employment 506,631 0 32,934 40,442 48,353 121,729 109,461 79,530 310,720 195,9Annual Payroll 11,049,708 108,440 554,788 706,438 855,107 2,224,773 2,037,407 1,625,883 5,888,063 5,161,6

Estimated Receipts 66,326,020 606,988 3,667,093 3,872,293 4,743,035 12,889,409 12,523,411 9,187,774 34,600,594 31,725,4

Oklahoma

Firms 68,473 7,660 32,827 12,306 6,810 59,603 5,902 1,329 66,834 1,6

Establishments 81,390 7,696 32,902 12,485 7,274 60,357 7,724 3,479 71,560 9,8

Employment 1,055,139 NA NA 80,262 90,494 239,703 217,150 162,881 619,734 435,4Annual Payroll 23,035,407 NA NA 1,416,497 1,688,146 4,508,843 4,128,190 3,318,437 11,955,470 11,079,9

Estimated Receipts 147,339,575 NA NA 8,654,893 10,209,794 28,650,337 27,840,074 18,930,360 75,420,771 71,918,8
Table A.4

Firms, Establishments, Employment, Annual Payroll, and Estimated Receipts by Firm Size, SBA Region, a

1995 (Payroll and Receipts in Thousands of Dollars)—Continued

Employment Size of Firm

State Total 0 1–4 5–9 10–19 ,20 20–99 100–499 ,500 5001 Texas

Firms 351,397 43,043 164,028 64,061 37,672 308,804 31,404 6,740 346,948 4,4

Establishments 438,216 43,189 164,612 65,199 40,460 313,460 42,192 19,061 374,713 63,5

Employment 6,785,804 0 347,250 419,503 501,981 1,268,734 1,183,016 890,932 3,342,682 3,443,1

Annual Payroll 174,856,208 1,788,272 7,696,085 8,871,700 10,818,628 29,174,685 26,633,981 21,363,238 77,171,904 97,684,3

Estimated Receipts 1,096,253,771 9,228,374 53,701,269 51,541,007 62,419,961 176,890,611 165,879,601 129,020,115 471,790,327 624,463,4

Region VIIIowa

Firms 64,958 7,083 30,457 11,686 7,009 56,235 5,897 1,377 63,509 1,4

Establishments 78,458 7,093 30,511 11,869 7,561 57,034 8,501 4,117 69,652 8,8

Employment 1,138,395 0 64,217 76,822 93,330 234,369 220,847 179,445 634,661 503,7

Annual Payroll 25,120,085 170,999 981,058 1,277,054 1,744,694 4,173,805 4,446,579 3,682,134 12,302,518 12,817,5

Estimated Receipts 184,041,968 983,908 7,236,513 8,442,310 12,239,816 28,902,547 36,945,833 25,166,540 91,014,920 93,027,0

Kansas

Firms 59,479 6,524 27,782 10,375 6,329 51,010 5,477 1,305 57,792 1,6

Establishments 70,889 6,538 27,847 10,539 6,850 51,774 7,581 3,248 62,603 8,2

Employment 981,925 0 58,353 67,883 83,396 209,632 200,330 151,274 561,236 420,6Annual Payroll 22,821,902 157,418 942,401 1,234,254 1,643,900 3,977,973 4,196,541 3,254,130 11,428,644 11,393,2

Estimated Receipts 157,076,711 837,597 6,990,171 7,686,992 10,494,309 26,009,069 30,030,164 18,617,800 74,657,033 82,419,6

Missouri

Firms 116,577 13,514 54,678 20,384 12,173 100,749 10,828 2,465 114,042 2,5

Establishments 139,969 13,547 54,820 20,707 13,034 102,108 14,312 6,071 122,491 17,4

Employment 2,168,659 0 115,044 133,357 161,945 410,346 404,412 309,164 1,123,922 1,044,7Annual Payroll 53,338,523 442,539 2,052,842 2,595,900 3,405,414 8,496,695 8,813,594 6,881,750 24,192,039 29,146,4

Estimated Receipts 325,505,945 1,992,303 14,641,571 15,529,547 19,417,178 51,580,599 58,209,244 40,045,747 149,835,590 175,670,3

Nebraska

Firms 39,921 4,368 18,569 7,270 4,259 34,466 3,509 797 38,772 1,1

Establishments 47,125 4,375 18,599 7,394 4,564 34,932 4,890 2,257 42,079 5,0

Employment 674,578 0 39,159 47,841 56,642 143,642 129,591 94,174 367,407 307,1Annual Payroll 14,511,635 135,384 603,146 801,240 1,081,071 2,620,841 2,545,816 2,006,994 7,173,651 7,337,9

Estimated Receipts 105,400,736 1,029,718 4,309,953 5,176,539 6,767,739 17,283,949 20,809,330 14,715,363 52,808,642 52,592,0

84 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 85

Region VIIIColorado

Firms 101,651 14,798 46,729 17,172 10,224 88,923 8,299 2,014 99,236 2,4

Establishments 118,181 14,824 46,826 17,403 10,789 89,842 10,508 4,348 104,698 13,4

Employment 1,557,252 0 97,686 112,569 135,363 345,618 304,364 213,240 863,222 694,0

Annual Payroll 40,399,776 570,835 2,096,172 2,387,794 2,989,661 8,044,462 7,024,617 5,084,927 20,154,006 20,245,7

Estimated Receipts 234,260,657 2,684,789 13,702,770 12,759,121 15,516,990 44,663,670 40,547,246 27,437,943 112,648,859 121,611,7

Montana

Firms 25,701 3,923 12,097 4,508 2,439 22,967 1,834 347 25,148 5Establishments 29,106 3,928 12,122 4,557 2,585 23,192 2,485 1,047 26,724 2,3

Employment 260,966 0 25,365 29,482 32,306 87,153 65,358 36,457 188,968 71,9Annual Payroll 5,052,682 75,878 391,884 453,997 523,451 1,445,210 1,143,505 724,007 3,312,722 1,739,9

Estimated Receipts 35,346,452 414,938 2,650,157 2,709,616 3,449,940 9,224,651 8,473,503 4,068,968 21,767,122 13,579,3

North Dakota

Firms 17,505 2,060 8,164 2,978 1,864 15,066 1,570 379 17,015 4Establishments 20,267 2,065 8,176 3,018 2,049 15,308 2,153 975 18,436 1,8

Employment 230,090 0 16,919 19,406 24,846 61,171 56,667 41,653 159,491 70,5Annual Payroll 4,466,284 31,889 237,192 319,037 430,649 1,018,767 959,402 761,285 2,739,454 1,726,8

Estimated Receipts 35,406,889 176,897 2,092,033 2,671,864 3,615,603 8,556,397 8,220,764 5,154,649 21,931,810 13,475,0

South Dakota

Firms 19,903 2,511 9,226 3,474 2,071 17,282 1,635 440 19,357 5Establishments 22,705 2,515 9,244 3,547 2,228 17,534 2,272 1,128 20,934 1,7

Employment 268,474 0 19,049 22,795 27,298 69,142 57,922 45,516 172,580 95,8Annual Payroll 5,133,738 48,402 276,457 346,410 464,566 1,135,835 1,036,926 901,441 3,074,202 2,059,5

Estimated Receipts 37,196,681 271,819 2,151,560 2,540,980 3,457,531 8,421,890 8,696,875 5,571,443 22,690,208 14,506,4

Utah

Firms 39,083 5,974 15,413 6,973 4,630 32,990 3,898 844 37,732 1,3

Establishments 45,876 5,993 15,450 7,042 4,859 33,344 4,891 2,005 40,240 5,6

Employment 744,108 0 33,436 45,957 61,781 141,174 145,135 97,015 383,324 360,7Annual Payroll 17,029,304 194,022 652,495 823,693 1,157,512 2,827,722 2,984,088 2,035,404 7,847,214 9,182,0

Estimated Receipts 103,040,846 929,716 4,380,907 4,500,458 6,178,659 15,989,740 19,347,505 12,929,606 48,266,851 54,773,9

Wyoming

Firms 15,104 2,194 6,965 2,648 1,436 13,243 1,120 241 14,604 5Establishments 17,131 2,196 6,976 2,684 1,511 13,367 1,483 548 15,398 1,7

Employment 157,470 0 14,834 17,287 18,606 50,727 36,830 20,718 108,275 49,1Annual Payroll 3,458,592 41,924 229,969 279,962 324,846 876,701 689,936 418,528 1,985,165 1,473,4

Estimated Receipts 26,094,268 266,166 1,575,804 1,602,389 1,894,635 5,338,994 5,167,602 2,664,778 13,171,374 12,922,8
86 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table A.4

Firms, Establishments,Employment, Annual Payroll, and Estimated Receipts by Firm Size, SBA Region, an

1995 (Payroll and Receipts in Thousands of Dollars)—Continued

Employment Size of Firm

State Total 0 1–4 5–9 10–19 ,20 20–99 100–499 ,500 5001 Region IXArizona

Firms 82,699 11,374 35,892 14,609 9,062 70,937 7,609 1,919 80,465 2,2

Establishments 99,573 11,399 35,982 14,848 9,574 71,803 9,784 4,492 86,079 13,4

Employment 1,506,877 0 75,821 95,983 120,301 292,105 279,241 221,349 792,695 714,1

Annual Payroll 36,511,013 413,859 1,673,798 1,930,690 2,447,743 6,466,090 5,759,399 4,820,007 17,045,496 19,465,5

Estimated Receipts 205,605,685 2,039,613 10,408,383 9,912,782 12,426,421 34,787,199 31,017,906 27,441,773 93,246,878 112,358,8

California

Firms 615,988 81,548 288,895 108,366 65,258 544,067 56,106 10,867 611,040 4,9

Establishments 740,508 81,832 289,954 110,501 69,883 552,170 73,120 30,382 655,672 84,8

Employment 10,957,751 0 600,551 711,007 872,142 2,183,700 2,147,293 1,614,292 5,945,285 5,012,4

Annual Payroll 321,774,680 4,124,559 15,909,447 16,381,766 20,964,812 57,380,584 55,126,025 44,990,851 157,497,460 164,277,2

Estimated Receipts 1,834,889,205 19,551,226 97,316,019 92,095,695 114,563,037 323,525,977 321,583,528 255,332,554 900,442,059 934,447,1

Hawaii

Firms 24,194 2,397 11,002 4,548 2,793 20,740 2,253 502 23,495 6Establishments 29,939 2,413 11,068 4,646 3,087 21,214 3,338 1,616 26,168 3,7

Employment 423,822 0 23,576 29,937 37,339 90,852 84,022 66,653 241,527 182,2Annual Payroll 10,695,922 94,381 546,057 664,487 879,048 2,183,973 1,972,290 1,668,251 5,824,514 4,871,4

Estimated Receipts 60,913,300 504,731 3,543,779 3,680,987 5,008,481 12,737,978 10,043,612 8,452,585 31,234,175 29,679,1

Nevada

Firms 32,085 4,726 12,977 5,573 3,448 26,724 3,130 898 30,752 1,3

Establishments 37,219 4,735 13,010 5,643 3,628 27,016 3,788 1,706 32,510 4,7

Employment 672,260 0 27,168 36,703 45,294 109,165 111,174 87,251 307,590 364,6Annual Payroll 16,526,894 222,692 690,467 825,967 1,020,612 2,759,738 2,696,208 2,088,449 7,544,395 8,982,4

Estimated Receipts 83,299,323 1,120,803 4,073,858 4,269,842 4,892,335 14,356,838 15,003,503 11,490,690 40,851,031 42,448,2

Region XAlaska

Firms 14,923 2,823 6,279 2,644 1,469 13,215 1,007 262 14,484 4Establishments 17,263 2,832 6,297 2,725 1,614 13,468 1,474 717 15,659 1,6

Employment 181,958 0 13,437 17,320 19,392 50,149 35,175 30,294 115,618 66,3Annual Payroll 5,959,060 81,797 359,272 456,851 528,943 1,426,863 1,021,832 940,757 3,389,452 2,569,6

Estimated Receipts 36,320,526 455,412 2,250,932 2,417,440 2,961,843 8,085,627 6,757,655 5,142,706 19,985,988 16,334,5
Supplementary Tables 87

Idaho

Firms 28,849 4,470 12,520 5,120 3,075 25,185 2,377 500 28,062 7Establishments 32,972 4,476 12,544 5,163 3,271 25,454 3,152 1,244 29,850 3,1

Employment 379,161 0 26,674 33,616 40,550 100,840 82,893 51,940 235,673 143,4Annual Payroll 8,439,515 95,330 446,900 564,997 730,325 1,837,552 1,545,056 1,043,024 4,425,632 4,013,8

Estimated Receipts 54,724,811 543,518 2,907,319 3,146,863 4,290,143 10,887,843 11,749,417 7,928,868 30,566,128 24,158,6

Oregon

Firms 80,330 10,952 36,505 14,217 8,451 70,125 6,895 1,539 78,559 1,7

Establishments 93,463 10,970 36,599 14,380 8,920 70,869 9,044 4,240 84,153 9,3

Employment 1,185,247 0 76,791 93,412 111,794 281,997 251,189 182,408 715,594 469,6

Annual Payroll 29,791,025 290,227 1,458,394 1,774,676 2,292,522 5,815,819 5,657,363 4,445,843 15,919,025 13,872,0

Estimated Receipts 177,038,090 1,629,616 9,882,265 10,088,248 12,844,471 34,444,600 35,489,996 27,470,164 97,404,760 79,633,3

Washington

Firms 129,805 18,603 59,300 22,679 13,551 114,133 11,049 2,353 127,535 2,2

Establishments 151,921 18,740 59,443 23,048 14,471 115,702 14,767 5,782 136,251 15,6

Employment 1,948,446 0 123,181 148,874 179,564 451,619 406,799 285,134 1,143,552 804,8

Annual Payroll 53,435,778 524,794 2,444,201 3,065,409 3,949,070 9,983,474 9,704,129 7,403,189 27,090,792 26,344,9

Estimated Receipts 308,669,893 2,806,736 16,856,197 17,630,550 21,635,412 58,928,895 60,849,010 42,182,544 161,960,449 146,709,4

NA = Not AvailableNotes: For state data, a firm is defined as an aggregation of all establishments owned by a parent company within a state. Establishments are locations with act

quarter. Employment is measured in March; thus some firms will have zero employment and some annual payroll.

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy based on data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
88 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table A.5

Firms, Employment, and Estimated Receipts by Firm Size and Metropolitan Statistical Area, 1994

Firms Employment Estimated Receipts (Thousa

Employment Size of Firm Employment Size of Firm Employment Size o

Metropolitan Statistical Area Total ,20 ,500 5001 Total ,20 ,500 5001 Total ,20 ,500 

Abilene, TX 3,083 2,444 2,826 257 42,829 9,868 24,217 18,612 5,083,492 1,115,842 3,029,64Akron, OH 14,222 11,627 13,518 704 270,126 50,102 143,461 126,665 33,871,481 6,218,618 18,592,26Albany, GA 2,533 1,909 2,244 289 41,078 8,279 21,519 19,559 6,517,295 972,505 2,789,78Albany—Schenectady—Troy, NY 16,815 13,995 15,993 822 314,011 57,123 152,774 161,237 45,692,298 7,361,833 20,968,69Albuquerque, NM 14,437 11,699 13,534 903 248,752 48,350 135,484 113,268 30,622,985 5,417,972 15,582,66Alexandria, LA 2,693 2,073 2,456 237 43,441 8,939 25,099 18,342 4,542,908 854,402 2,354,75Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton, PA 12,506 10,355 11,823 683 235,026 44,443 111,491 123,535 35,319,128 5,299,523 14,847,50

Altoona, PA 2,876 2,256 2,635 241 46,236 9,703 25,758 20,478 6,266,233 879,818 3,037,17Amarillo, TX 4,746 3,759 4,371 375 72,038 15,125 40,011 32,027 12,633,309 1,873,866 6,258,63Anchorage, AK 6,619 5,509 6,246 373 97,636 22,948 57,695 39,941 18,312,674 3,599,079 9,221,80Ann Arbor, MI 11,326 9,317 10,803 523 201,337 39,242 108,636 92,701 27,446,855 4,901,571 13,800,52Anniston, AL 2,233 1,770 2,032 201 36,621 7,212 18,530 18,091 4,015,098 733,760 1,911,77Appleton—Oshkosh—Neenah, WI 7,309 5,674 6,816 493 162,313 26,302 79,575 82,738 26,262,769 2,728,209 9,910,71Asheville, NC 5,265 4,207 4,841 424 85,982 16,631 46,129 39,853 10,018,631 1,891,580 5 ,151,84Athens, GA 3,019 2,403 2,736 283 45,842 10,173 22,981 22,861 5,673,101 1,113,719 2,482,41Atlanta, GA 76,925 64,738 74,167 2,758 1,571,278 253,492 707,096 864,182 260,273,048 38,707,684 104,372,15

Atlantic—Cape May, NJ 8,806 7,732 8,487 319 135,619 25,908 57,626 77,993 17,286,513 3,610,864 7,746,67

Augusta—Aiken, GA—SC 7,857 6,424 7,269 588 160,485 26,644 63,678 96,807 22,260,584 3,057,539 7,573,07

Austin—San Marcos, TX 21,754 17,953 20,637 1,117 368,305 71,490 193,867 174,438 49,766,042 9,002,458 24,037,80Bakersfield, CA 9,167 7,509 8,580 587 132,073 31,783 76,576 55,497 23,892,352 3,952,472 10,802,84Baltimore, MD 50,038 42,284 48,321 1,717 910,984 178,568 476,874 434,110 136,531,013 23,010,020 63,686,13Bangor, ME 2,548 1,975 2,356 192 40,047 8,315 24,713 15,334 5,476,134 860,089 3,244,37

Barnstable—Yarmouth, MA 4,589 3,984 4,400 189 42,035 13,908 29,779 12,256 5,095,471 1,767,553 3,400,41Baton Rouge, LA 11,550 9,198 10,844 706 217,298 40,287 117,796 99,502 35,043,870 4,665,788 14,263,13Beaumont—Port Arthur, TX 6,973 5,605 6,468 505 121,664 23,698 60,642 61,022 28,551,124 2,558,774 7,082,22Bellingham, WA 4,593 3,816 4,342 251 51,718 15,122 37,109 14,609 8,724,570 1,754,302 4,569,53Benton Harbor, MI 3,516 2,831 3,294 222 59,522 12,087 33,425 26,097 7,234,556 1,363,466 3,609,48

Bergen—Passaic, NJ 39,835 34,576 38,788 1,047 569,770 126,269 338,288 231,482 118,146,244 26,985,619 70,469,63Billings, MT 3,944 3,136 3,650 294 49,762 12,870 32,010 17,752 9,402,548 1,576,025 4,598,64
Supplementary Tables 89

Biloxi—Gulfport—Pascagoula, MS 5,835 4,850 5,483 352 112,646 19,257 48,577 64,069 13,938,229 1,985,693 5,215,10

Binghamton, NY 4,563 3,629 4,216 347 93,583 15,771 40,965 52,618 12,384,052 1,746,268 4,868,91Birmingham, AL 18,098 14,668 17,048 1,050 390,568 64,369 180,080 210,488 60,423,347 9,044,444 26,436,94Bismarck, ND 2,568 2,014 2,398 170 35,280 8,578 23,415 11,865 4,805,414 951,362 2,676,62

Bloomington, IN 2,497 1,945 2,291 206 40,718 8,620 22,216 18,502 5,037,715 785,123 1,997,06Bloomington—Normal, IL 2,940 2,198 2,619 321 68,954 9,622 24,945 44,009 16,212,994 1,224,273 3,274,10Boise City, ID 9,218 7,563 8,686 532 149,125 31,312 81,533 67,592 21,026,211 3,446,862 10,239,16

Boston, MA—NH 77,892 66,129 75,821 2,071 1,678,108 268,061 810,917 867,191 275,186,000 44,487,032 126,136,19

Boulder—Longmont, CO 8,577 7,226 8,181 396 118,528 27,859 70,050 48,478 15,940,385 3,527,590 8,569,97Brazoria, TX 3,166 2,526 2,909 257 57,538 10,464 26,614 30,924 14,393,329 1,119,892 3,258,31Bremerton, WA 4,251 3,596 4,011 240 42,465 13,653 28,746 13,719 4,517,934 1,244,488 2,948,32Bridgeport, CT 9,961 8,328 9,472 489 169,880 34,080 92,480 77,400 26,692,179 5,460,768 14,468,34Brockton, MA 4,633 3,732 4,348 285 75,919 15,812 44,924 30,995 10,887,013 2,307,856 6,385,99Brownsville—Harlingen—San Benito, TX 4,651 3,795 4,353 298 71,283 15,860 39,510 31,773 6,845,991 1,531,596 3,775,30Bryan—College Station, TX 2,600 2,001 2,340 260 36,966 8,765 22,751 14,215 4,095,879 829,045 2,443,87Buffalo—Niagara Falls, NY 23,354 19,497 22,406 948 458,237 82,686 242,707 215,530 62,858,030 9,810,707 30,084,86Burlington, VT 5,029 4,118 4,728 301 77,382 17,209 46,633 30,749 11,893,311 2,250,440 6,568,81Canton—Massillon, OH 8,601 7,009 8,143 458 154,771 30,588 86,631 68,140 21,569,547 3,300,500 10,886,04Casper, WY 2,338 1,854 2,124 214 23,406 7,280 15,499 7,907 3,909,291 814,101 2,469,46Cedar Rapids, IA 4,396 3,320 4,006 390 94,660 14,334 44,174 50,486 15,211,671 1,896,025 6,665,31Champaign—Urbana, IL 3,464 2,623 3,148 316 60,740 11,328 33,042 27,698 9,187,242 1,120,219 3,831,88Charleston, WV 5,775 4,602 5,258 517 99,410 19,386 46,161 53,249 15,540,905 2,290,275 5,907,60Charleston—North Charleston, SC 10,463 8,551 9,800 663 167,927 35,803 86,387 81,540 19,490,343 3,472,326 8,960,86Charlotte—Gastonia—Rock Hill, NC 29,307 23,881 27,666 1,641 628,249 99,358 272,568 355,681 103,118,035 14,676,050 38,303,92

Charlottesville, VA 3,735 3,046 3,460 275 55,817 12,167 29,566 26,251 7,166,031 1,245,439 3,028,74

Chattanooga, TN—GA 9,140 7,268 8,462 678 176,859 31,393 88,889 87,970 25,459,873 4,000,680 11,479,51Cheyenne, WY 1,951 1,539 1,762 189 24,327 6,406 15,949 8,378 3,380,085 625,770 2,263,17

Chicago, IL 163,748 139,846 160,417 3,331 3,413,209 573,443 1,698,576 1,714,633 597,532,511 96,569,657 278,175,32

Chico—Paradise, CA 4,160 3,463 3,917 243 46,225 14,094 31,162 15,063 5,270,220 1,276,478 3,315,58Cincinnati, OH—KY—IN 31,687 25,665 30,168 1,519 717,555 112,821 347,376 370,179 108,070,055 15,048,549 47,142,42Clarksville—Hopkinsville, TN—KY 2,972 2,373 2,712 260 44,046 10,003 24,405 19,641 5,249,599 1,012,309 2,980,91Cleveland—Lorain—Elyria, OH 47,994 40,157 46,290 1,704 951,350 169,110 493,144 458,206 144,917,670 23,045,447 68,110,59

Colorado Springs, CO 10,142 8,397 9,524 618 156,809 32,301 81,176 75,633 18,922,497 3,314,315 8,610,90

Columbia, MO 3,098 2,434 2,827 271 53,320 10,256 26,792 26,528 6,114,828 1,006,066 2,728,19Columbia, SC 10,719 8,540 9,933 786 194,995 35,613 93,439 101,556 27,460,043 4,042,709 11,134,67Columbus, GA—AL 4,736 3,809 4,330 406 87,046 16,395 38,648 48,398 11,755,667 1,597,774 3,978,87Columbus, OH 28,002 22,658 26,606 1,396 629,745 97,469 292,290 337,455 95,951,877 12,471,549 38,407,86
90 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table A.5

Firms, Employment, and Estimated Receipts by Firm Size and Metropolitan Statistical Area, 1994—Conti

Firms Employment Estimated Receipts (Thou

Employment Size of Firm Employment Size of Firm Employment Siz

Metropolitan Statistical Area Total ,20 ,500 5001 Total ,20 ,500 5001 Total ,20 ,500 

Corpus Christi, TX 7,541 6,045 6,992 549 114,322 25,369 62,905 51,417 20,487,221 2,936,762 7,402,14Cumberland, MD—WV 2,132 1,745 1,972 160 27,053 7,250 15,918 11,135 3,181,747 654,328 1,570,08Dallas, TX 66,162 54,992 63,589 2,573 1,420,697 221,876 633,125 787,572 238,112,983 36,811,830 102,120,80

Danbury, CT 5,636 4,749 5,312 324 78,717 17,953 42,576 36,141 13,000,885 2,920,970 7,156,52Danville, VA 2,118 1,695 1,923 195 38,228 6,996 16,512 21,716 4,803,203 665,738 1,699,48Davenport—Moline—Rock Island, IA-IL 7,731 6,052 7,193 538 141,845 26,102 76,601 65,244 23,417,322 3,097,071 11,382,51Dayton—Springfield, OH 17,319 13,890 16,356 963 388,465 63,409 184,765 203,700 54,476,253 7,223,557 22,007,79Daytona Beach, FL 9,582 8,296 9,142 440 123,162 31,760 71,277 51,885 11,730,230 2,959,175 6,717,72

Decatur, AL 2,794 2,197 2,566 228 43,359 8,844 21,985 21,374 7,113,883 948,114 2,634,51

Decatur, IL 2,516 1,899 2,273 243 51,160 8,270 22,239 28,921 8,278,355 1,024,358 2,904,68

Denver, CO 48,132 40,634 46,206 1,926 823,816 157,210 417,776 406,040 134,080,686 22,650,955 58,681,06Des Moines, IA 10,332 8,043 9,577 755 225,610 34,478 107,164 118,446 42,079,732 4,509,133 17,158,21Detroit, MI 83,029 70,555 81,021 2,008 1,732,677 305,243 860,284 872,393 306,839,272 45,790,094 129,275,82

Dothan, AL 3,020 2,364 2,746 274 51,176 9,989 25,473 25,703 6,702,016 1,096,289 3,331,92Dover, DE 2,429 1,886 2,196 233 35,735 7,869 19,850 15,885 4,577,862 850,316 2,138,36Dubuque, IA 2,245 1,724 2,055 190 45,570 7,798 24,311 21,259 6,273,847 940,703 2,649,83Duluth—Superior, MN—WI 5,620 4,665 5,310 310 80,513 20,714 49,195 31,318 10,676,735 2,172,394 5,435,08

Dutchess County, NY 5,701 4,885 5,365 336 79,087 17,968 40,176 38,911 10,248,478 2,129,523 4,675,24

Eau Claire, WI 3,274 2,565 3,027 247 51,054 11,186 30,594 20,460 6,637,647 1,110,590 3,496,04El Paso, TX 9,978 8,119 9,328 650 179,197 33,669 92,062 87,135 21,968,725 3,762,537 10,391,14Elkhart—Goshen, IN 4,342 3,269 4,042 300 104,535 15,412 55,508 49,027 16,110,112 1,949,521 8,308,20Elmira, NY 1,746 1,292 1,549 197 33,428 5,802 18,095 15,333 4,155,807 572,575 2,200,40

Enid, OK 1,614 1,264 1,456 158 19,323 5,261 13,089 6,234 3,013,381 632,991 2,069,86

Erie, PA 5,596 4,430 5,216 380 108,517 20,193 59,634 48,883 13,420,898 2,115,524 6,838,80

Eugene—Springfield, OR 8,175 6,794 7,798 377 101,028 28,002 72,300 28,728 12,936,142 2,983,865 8,923,97Evansville—Henderson, IN—KY 6,608 5,176 6,121 487 135,117 23,345 68,066 67,051 21,985,201 2,513,871 8,436,12

Fargo—Moorhead, ND—MN 4,484 3,456 4,164 320 74,016 14,838 45,630 28,386 11,072,282 2,027,780 6,330,88

Fayetteville, NC 4,422 3,530 4,075 347 73,946 15,223 37,056 36,890 8,280,711 1,457,636 3,772,87

Fayetteville—Springdale—Rogers, AR 5,659 4,709 5,350 309 104,594 18,614 45,464 59,130 12,299,991 2,086,988 5,927,02
Supplementary Tables 91

Fitchburg—Leominster, MA 2,773 2,222 2,594 179 43,258 9,376 28,228 15,030 5,795,954 1,169,562 3,854,84

Flint, MI 7,565 6,213 7,149 416 149,215 27,116 66,856 82,359 31,723,186 2,988,073 7,971,46Florence, AL 3,048 2,473 2,832 216 46,167 9,921 25,046 21,121 6,200,302 1,023,467 2,879,55Florence, SC 2,828 2,177 2,561 267 49,129 9,401 24,864 24,265 6,492,660 1,119,411 3,115,77Fort Collins—Loveland, CO 6,014 5,076 5,695 319 70,796 19,810 43,652 27,144 8,998,740 2,144,051 5,023,68Fort Lauderdale, FL 40,676 35,858 39,488 1,188 505,004 126,123 291,846 213,158 70,743,580 17,482,988 38,246,81Fort Myers—Cape Coral, FL 9,641 8,077 9,073 568 119,969 30,411 72,020 47,949 12,771,396 3,425,155 7,673,80

Fort Pierce—Port St. Lucie, FL 6,568 5,591 6,202 366 74,408 20,846 46,030 28,378 8,444,186 2,329,623 5,194,39Fort Smith, AR—OK 4,306 3,426 3,995 311 81,771 14,321 37,531 44,240 9,711,450 1,574,665 4,512,15

Fort Walton Beach, FL 3,822 3,131 3,541 281 49,175 12,647 30,718 18,457 4,273,255 1,060,328 2,480,65

Fort Wayne, IN 10,452 8,244 9,803 649 229,253 37,600 114,811 114,442 36,763,522 4,469,126 15,590,59

Fort Worth—Arlington, TX 27,869 23,185 26,677 1,192 530,558 96,242 259,092 271,466 74,651,907 12,428,623 35,097,01

Fresno, CA 14,806 12,267 14,048 758 209,276 51,066 127,952 81,324 31,224,412 6,502,618 17,790,59

Gadsden, AL 1,913 1,514 1,733 180 32,948 6,487 15,555 17,393 4,253,940 692,532 1,937,41Gainesville, FL 4,491 3,658 4,151 340 66,180 16,010 34,720 31,460 6,815,242 1,478,381 3,432,57Galveston—Texas City, TX 3,942 3,144 3,599 343 64,403 12,704 31,676 32,727 14,166,233 1,397,382 3,515,07

Gary, IN 11,196 9,224 10,671 525 219,178 41,445 109,043 110,135 36,001,662 4,813,030 13,559,90Glens Falls, NY 2,839 2,341 2,650 189 40,448 8,119 21,358 19,090 5,352,866 988,154 2,774,54

Goldsboro, NC 1,995 1,541 1,816 179 33,919 6,480 17,918 16,001 4,359,332 757,318 2,598,03Grand Forks, ND—MN 2,410 1,859 2,242 168 33,725 8,158 24,088 9,637 4,238,901 1,139,570 2,955,51Grand Rapids—Muskegon—Holland, MI 21,235 17,361 20,347 888 448,198 78,481 241,869 206,329 70,335,360 10,565,196 35,551,48Great Falls, MT 2,204 1,765 2,037 167 24,579 7,217 15,688 8,891 3,128,758 743,684 1,868,38

Greeley, CO 3,000 2,448 2,784 216 45,163 10,153 22,724 22,439 8,443,118 1,259,417 2,982,16Green Bay, WI 4,968 3,790 4,615 353 105,733 17,216 56,661 49,072 17,427,678 2,064,250 8,076,52

Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point, NC 24,977 20,601 23,843 1,134 531,300 86,451 256,656 274,644 78,131,373 11,660,790 35,438,80Greenville, NC 2,424 1,829 2,188 236 43,214 7,852 21,864 21,350 6,294,506 792,282 2,616,48Greenville—Spartanburg—Anderson, SC 18,539 15,324 17,600 939 417,809 64,307 175,328 242,481 53,943,154 7,810,869 22,758,04Hagerstown, MD 2,706 2,104 2,461 245 45,738 8,946 24,726 21,012 6,538,657 1,014,292 3,315,39

Hamilton—Middletown, OH 5,069 4,027 4,735 334 90,155 17,606 47,362 42,793 13,935,654 2,181,373 6,174,33

Harrisburg—Lebanon—Carlisle, PA 12,078 9,637 11,295 783 265,953 42,548 123,129 142,824 39,443,415 4,771,397 16,120,65

Hartford, CT 25,716 21,529 24,630 1,086 520,020 88,959 251,418 268,602 109,243,060 12,702,947 37,519,53Hattiesburg, MS 2,325 1,824 2,115 210 33,778 7,870 19,398 14,380 4,066,268 803,999 2,141,24Hickory—Morganton, NC 6,403 5,131 6,017 386 150,323 22,398 70,810 79,513 18,184,883 2,556,158 7,966,96Honolulu, HI 17,433 14,607 16,798 635 322,378 64,518 178,688 143,690 47,463,833 9,248,783 24,208,88Houma, LA 3,681 3,020 3,476 205 52,932 13,255 35,814 17,118 6,306,562 1,466,175 3,984,71Houston, TX 73,121 61,759 70,734 2,387 1,509,814 254,289 692,602 817,212 265,562,553 42,467,883 111,282,88

Huntington—Ashland, WV—KY—OH 5,769 4,722 5,400 369 91,328 19,959 50,251 41,077 14,282,573 2,105,890 6,012,44
92 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table A.5

Firms, Employment, and Estimated Receipts by Firm Size and Metropolitan Statistical Area, 1994—Conti

Firms Employment Estimated Receipts (Thou

Employment Size of Firm Employment Size of Firm Employment Size 

Metropolitan Statistical Area Total ,20 ,500 5001 Total ,20 ,500 5001 Total ,20 ,500 

Huntsville, AL 6,541 5,096 6,003 538 132,038 21,124 59,490 72,548 17,096,714 2,286,314 6,762,28Indianapolis, IN 31,769 25,865 30,187 1,582 665,553 111,076 323,308 342,245 101,670,027 14,781,159 45,207,69Iowa City, IA 2,134 1,648 1,960 174 40,281 7,372 19,881 20,400 4,104,250 709,790 2,036,03Jackson, MI 2,947 2,305 2,706 241 47,694 10,467 27,649 20,045 6,659,220 1,168,821 3,673,90

Jackson, MS 8,911 7,039 8,191 720 174,957 29,658 82,324 92,633 24,138,984 3,788,785 11,174,34

Jackson, TN 2,266 1,676 1,992 274 42,694 7,520 20,728 21,966 5,609,089 869,292 2,380,39

Jacksonville, FL 21,314 17,659 20,118 1,196 392,521 71,251 182,955 209,566 59,299,906 8,301,411 22,612,96Jacksonville, NC 2,081 1,694 1,935 146 24,620 7,281 16,185 8,435 2,096,613 557,509 1,364,48

Jamestown, NY 2,869 2,332 2,665 204 46,481 9,875 23,739 22,742 6,094,004 1,143,632 2,673,93

Janesville—Beloit, WI 2,907 2,295 2,671 236 54,881 10,286 27,732 27,149 11,957,889 1,077,824 3,553,67

Jersey City, NJ 11,840 9,879 11,335 505 215,171 36,361 111,675 103,496 40,235,130 6,597,971 21,586,38

Johnson City—Kingsport—Bristol, TN-VA 8,331 6,928 7,834 497 160,151 29,071 72,617 87,534 24,180,957 3,352,487 8,695,47Johnstown, PA 4,747 3,922 4,477 270 68,675 16,552 43,812 24,863 8,601,596 1,694,204 4,893,55

Joplin, MO 3,562 2,882 3,304 258 62,032 11,796 29,706 32,326 7,350,698 1,183,979 3,468,91Kalamazoo—Battle Creek, MI 8,755 6,995 8,231 524 178,414 32,021 89,452 88,962 25,614,100 3,524,229 10,566,14Kankakee, IL 2,046 1,586 1,847 199 54,129 6,867 16,868 37,261 5,832,211 810,743 2,464,91Kansas City, MO—KS 36,768 30,323 35,155 1,613 733,544 127,153 370,904 362,640 122,133,088 17,373,880 51,544,66

Kenosha, WI 2,659 2,090 2,454 205 42,553 8,840 24,854 17,699 5,866,682 871,678 2,547,84Killeen—Temple, TX 3,725 3,003 3,449 276 64,569 12,904 31,118 33,451 6,945,580 1,093,676 3,158,34

Knoxville, TN 14,744 12,008 13,821 923 259,709 50,257 130,583 129,126 33,242,280 6,028,289 16,409,79Kokomo, IN 2,047 1,579 1,825 222 44,889 7,208 15,880 29,009 8,243,169 699,614 1,776,98La Crosse, WI—MN 2,932 2,281 2,695 237 55,126 10,188 29,734 25,392 8,223,567 1,043,534 3,582,02Lafayette, IN 3,286 2,586 2,989 297 62,046 11,503 28,583 33,463 10,738,696 1,109,409 3,099,20

Lafayette, LA 7,843 6,306 7,409 434 118,472 27,051 76,341 42,131 15,219,492 3,158,773 8,850,98

Lake Charles, LA 3,496 2,718 3,204 292 60,409 12,470 34,061 26,348 13,913,176 1,251,510 4,039,17Lakeland—Winter Haven, FL 8,034 6,580 7,507 527 137,446 26,230 69,501 67,945 18,130,658 3,280,632 10,018,90

Lancaster, PA 9,177 7,201 8,646 531 184,794 32,591 106,390 78,404 28,480,617 3,969,984 15,730,43

Lansing—East Lansing, MI 8,613 6,896 8,079 534 152,066 29,995 82,195 69,871 29,700,893 3,624,054 10,581,00Laredo, TX 3,441 2,770 3,191 250 43,438 11,619 29,150 14,288 4,635,474 1,157,268 3,178,54
Supplementary Tables 93

Las Cruces, NM 2,755 2,194 2,543 212 30,716 9,077 20,618 10,098 2,989,873 796,462 1,941,54Las Vegas, NV—AZ 20,319 16,789 19,337 982 446,972 70,087 194,731 252,241 51,485,127 8,760,049 24,364,93Lawrence, KS 2,117 1,655 1,948 169 29,501 7,056 18,950 10,551 3,276,616 639,894 1,621,33

Lawrence, MA—NH 7,356 6,062 6,961 395 123,008 24,082 66,856 56,152 18,718,790 3,552,866 9,062,56

Lawton, OK 1,976 1,576 1,810 166 26,646 6,614 15,587 11,059 2,500,546 541,318 1,312,59

Lewiston—Auburn, ME 2,210 1,728 2,060 150 37,141 7,117 21,594 15,547 4,265,397 762,004 2,447,24

Lexington, KY 9,857 7,828 9,177 680 186,818 33,880 95,130 91,688 26,368,435 3,624,354 11,119,90Lima, OH 3,348 2,591 3,042 306 63,299 11,931 31,186 32,113 11,332,288 1,303,566 4,360,82Lincoln, NE 5,556 4,430 5,190 366 101,711 19,741 54,115 47,596 13,634,657 2,038,924 6,124,00Little Rock—North Little Rock, AR 12,856 10,454 12,053 803 232,931 43,975 120,942 111,989 30,957,859 5,467,599 15,012,16

Longview—Marshall, TX 4,777 3,799 4,410 367 68,488 16,051 40,356 28,132 11,600,548 1,933,125 5,495,58Los Angeles—Long Beach, CA 183,274 157,926 180,333 2,941 3,391,477 615,126 1,792,806 1,598,671 582,931,965 101,801,221 284,076,98

Louisville, KY—IN 21,278 17,115 20,140 1,138 445,729 74,977 229,030 216,699 72,334,362 9,087,629 27,981,67Lowell, MA—NH 5,287 4,343 4,986 301 92,639 17,701 48,323 44,316 14,262,503 2,643,736 7,387,65Lubbock, TX 5,621 4,443 5,181 440 81,866 18,550 48,515 33,351 11,814,994 2,249,101 6,733,91Lynchburg, VA 4,480 3,638 4,156 324 79,244 14,831 38,511 40,733 10,333,685 1,542,234 4,633,58

Macon, GA 5,918 4,687 5,423 495 106,227 20,231 50,256 55,971 17,359,542 2,124,184 5,854,58Madison, WI 9,633 7,540 9,050 583 186,925 34,051 105,758 81,167 29,082,099 3,987,794 14,703,10Manchester, NH 4,799 3,716 4,371 428 85,708 14,974 43,773 41,935 13,445,927 2,178,470 6,885,03

Mansfield, OH 3,584 2,797 3,291 293 66,491 11,918 34,736 31,755 8,410,008 1,260,661 3,765,27McAllen—Edinburg—Mission, TX 6,240 5,165 5,912 328 86,472 21,366 53,292 33,180 9,693,174 2,336,441 6,284,76Medford—Ashland, OR 4,265 3,542 4,020 245 51,719 14,374 32,876 18,843 6,478,232 1,515,610 4,247,79Melbourne—Titusville—Palm Bay, FL 9,386 7,997 8,865 521 143,894 31,098 65,139 78,755 15,704,029 3,017,740 6,861,10

Memphis, TN—AR—MS 19,459 15,384 18,169 1,290 433,431 66,646 204,015 229,416 62,797,665 9,519,895 29,651,45Merced, CA 2,601 2,092 2,391 210 35,288 8,474 19,862 15,426 5,194,147 977,777 2,495,49Miami, FL 59,766 53,142 58,489 1,277 793,724 193,067 471,328 322,396 113,663,600 29,336,448 68,079,70Middlesex—Somerset—Hunterdon, NJ 26,223 22,181 25,085 1,138 513,769 83,789 225,270 288,499 112,331,919 14,935,923 43,241,79Milwaukee—Waukesha, WI 32,625 26,594 31,327 1,298 711,172 117,845 369,890 341,282 110,821,012 16,314,507 50,839,38Minneapolis—St. Paul, MN—WI 60,906 50,631 59,070 1,836 1,344,429 211,587 689,411 655,018 213,131,119 32,629,091 101,722,81

Mobile, AL 10,570 8,512 9,861 709 177,407 35,825 99,136 78,271 22,547,991 4,074,740 11,483,18Modesto, CA 6,879 5,575 6,461 418 101,709 23,366 57,669 44,040 16,511,992 2,676,262 8,438,71

Monmouth—Ocean, NJ 23,971 21,460 23,393 578 272,615 75,846 163,802 108,813 41,001,350 11,208,516 23,263,99Monroe, LA 3,433 2,688 3,162 271 54,711 11,773 31,109 23,602 7,498,838 1,225,811 3,693,97Montgomery, AL 6,479 5,099 5,975 504 113,707 22,437 62,082 51,625 14,306,716 2,570,876 7,317,27

Muncie, IN 2,389 1,792 2,162 227 48,354 8,037 24,607 23,747 6,098,583 780,132 2,962,43Myrtle Beach, SC 5,323 4,398 5,020 303 62,507 17,052 43,164 19,343 5,963,021 1,660,318 3,826,57

Naples, FL 6,246 5,348 5,946 300 66,240 19,519 45,047 21,193 6,870,097 2,231,886 4,596,18
94 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table A.5

Firms, Employment, and Estimated Receipts by Firm Size and Metropolitan Statistical Area, 1994—Conti

Firms Employment Estimated Receipts (Thou

Employment Size of Firm Employment Size of Firm Employment Siz

Metropolitan Statistical Area Total ,20 ,500 5001 Total ,20 ,500 5001 Total ,20 ,500 

Nashua, NH 4,325 3,407 3,993 332 73,640 14,002 36,967 36,673 10,680,040 2,032,527 5,431,00Nashville, TN 24,885 20,446 23,501 1,384 522,105 84,679 232,830 289,275 78,921,338 11,772,262 34,415,41Nassau—Suffolk, NY 77,255 69,984 76,116 1,139 970,356 242,144 567,335 403,021 162,846,963 42,293,996 96,501,05New Bedford, MA 3,630 3,026 3,417 213 52,081 11,922 30,438 21,643 6,441,821 1,468,148 3,552,33New Haven—Meriden, CT 12,931 10,907 12,350 581 213,715 44,347 113,795 99,920 35,605,967 6,734,163 17,349,85New London—Norwich, CT—RI 6,288 5,252 5,955 333 102,145 21,426 53,013 49,132 15,689,589 2,705,397 7,052,60

New Orleans, LA 25,673 21,113 24,406 1,267 503,665 89,065 253,456 250,209 78,390,301 10,949,124 29,708,56New York, NY 201,858 180,318 199,398 2,460 3,348,890 639,513 1,729,795 1,619,095 709,692,648 131,657,956 352,183,19

Newark, NJ 49,553 43,094 48,211 1,342 828,324 161,949 427,363 400,961 177,675,183 29,598,760 75,114,62

Newburgh, NY—PA 7,161 6,144 6,798 363 83,958 22,421 52,466 31,492 13,351,758 3,142,048 7,261,76

Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Newport News, VA-NC 25,720 21,514 24,610 1,110 482,922 93,226 246,993 235,929 58,547,549 9,598,466 27,885,22Oakland, CA 45,955 38,633 44,331 1,624 770,716 157,141 409,420 361,296 142,264,464 22,165,889 60,335,03

Ocala, FL 4,400 3,569 4,036 364 58,353 14,233 31,836 26,517 7,184,473 1,465,846 3,666,07Odessa—Midland, TX 6,254 5,113 5,827 427 80,118 22,049 48,320 31,798 13,249,840 3,302,470 7,058,35Oklahoma City, OK 23,287 19,567 22,224 1,063 370,285 78,707 206,187 164,098 52,017,497 9,687,678 25,140,41Olympia, WA 4,285 3,569 4,017 268 44,495 13,894 30,001 14,494 5,691,846 1,379,749 3,618,83Omaha, NE—IA 14,908 11,959 14,014 894 318,472 50,610 152,258 166,214 47,744,104 6,018,933 21,720,70Orange County, CA 61,133 51,021 59,180 1,953 1,116,865 209,184 594,121 522,744 186,395,415 33,389,399 90,917,56Orlando, FL 32,552 27,279 31,009 1,543 599,723 104,648 274,246 325,477 75,116,262 12,722,440 34,349,45Owensboro, KY 2,082 1,578 1,862 220 36,855 7,196 19,797 17,058 5,356,171 747,648 2,426,84Panama City, FL 3,600 2,900 3,325 275 47,180 12,572 29,979 17,201 4,891,765 1,165,728 2,562,90

Parkersburg—Marietta, WV—OH 3,406 2,710 3,130 276 55,544 11,330 29,917 25,627 8,880,310 1,133,627 3,534,99

Pensacola, FL 7,165 5,877 6,657 508 110,680 24,344 57,144 53,536 11,893,150 2,392,521 5,804,79Peoria—Pekin, IL 7,140 5,655 6,643 497 144,429 25,259 71,319 73,110 20,170,633 2,994,058 9,804,59

Philadelphia, PA—NJ 100,199 86,040 97,808 2,391 1,955,736 356,263 982,706 973,030 323,666,758 54,791,623 149,084,46

Phoenix—Mesa, AZ 51,374 43,246 49,506 1,868 984,306 173,122 494,044 490,262 138,932,908 22,030,894 60,915,09Pine Bluff, AR 1,557 1,209 1,407 150 25,732 5,245 12,654 13,078 3,343,624 555,392 1,448,45Pittsburgh, PA 47,687 40,474 46,107 1,580 948,271 172,280 474,292 473,979 134,113,968 21,091,312 60,134,62

Pittsfield, MA 2,315 1,842 2,146 169 35,284 7,567 21,941 13,343 4,361,446 881,283 2,638,22
Supplementary Tables 95

Portland, ME 7,288 5,897 6,805 483 111,782 23,205 63,297 48,485 19,486,556 2,767,599 8,480,90Portland—Vancouver, OR—WA 43,207 36,535 41,697 1,510 703,428 145,557 397,442 305,986 110,918,887 19,843,046 56,928,54Portsmouth—Rochester, NH—ME 6,182 5,135 5,827 355 86,606 19,660 47,372 39,234 12,533,291 2,617,244 5,954,52

Providence—Fall River—Warwick, RI-MA 26,733 22,946 25,905 828 421,592 88,714 243,901 177,691 56,848,955 11,513,240 31,147,70Provo—Orem, UT 4,943 4,023 4,676 267 99,801 17,573 48,076 51,725 10,627,898 1,686,701 5,720,50Pueblo, CO 2,607 2,116 2,389 218 38,428 9,264 19,621 18,807 3,983,831 797,632 1,856,43Punta Gorda, FL 2,486 2,083 2,299 187 27,070 7,758 14,877 12,193 2,354,355 733,639 1,307,00Racine, WI 3,868 3,107 3,619 249 72,409 13,641 37,845 34,564 9,324,518 1,514,428 4,496,99Raleigh—Durham—Chapel Hill, NC 22,852 18,974 21,711 1,141 444,221 76,859 203,559 240,662 62,251,575 9,215,775 24,595,58Rapid City, SD 2,764 2,226 2,585 179 35,242 9,452 24,235 11,007 4,403,328 966,312 3,149,70

Reading, PA 6,973 5,592 6,527 446 135,209 24,463 69,590 65,619 22,105,099 2,923,823 9,288,98

Redding, CA 4,137 3,461 3,881 256 41,542 14,031 28,522 13,020 6,103,123 1,588,535 3,856,67

Reno, NV 8,649 7,045 8,028 621 136,763 27,724 67,451 69,312 17,639,736 3,533,852 9,785,51Richland—Kennewick—Pasco, WA 3,564 2,828 3,291 273 63,349 12,060 27,206 36,143 9,550,162 1,418,312 3,328,58Richmond—Petersburg, VA 20,417 16,733 19,304 1,113 410,670 71,622 187,103 223,567 68,645,822 9,354,856 25,552,52Riverside—San Bernardino, CA 39,854 33,533 38,462 1,392 645,245 135,398 356,790 288,455 82,743,948 15,392,214 43,720,07Roanoke, VA 5,867 4,563 5,337 530 117,629 19,231 54,010 63,619 16,488,579 2,081,349 7,209,87

Rochester, MN 2,370 1,758 2,138 232 62,001 7,645 24,696 37,305 7,538,642 758,809 2,730,75

Rochester, NY 19,635 16,416 18,788 847 435,264 67,893 193,799 241,465 59,095,331 9,111,547 25,029,15

Rockford, IL 7,677 6,133 7,185 492 151,607 26,617 77,406 74,201 24,131,489 3,329,004 10,384,34Rocky Mount, NC 2,698 2,074 2,447 251 57,525 8,713 27,015 30,510 7,509,340 997,559 3,191,54

Sacramento, CA 28,892 24,459 27,723 1,169 427,847 98,166 231,093 196,754 60,015,450 10,904,795 28,462,68Saginaw—Bay City—Midland, MI 7,874 6,332 7,376 498 144,272 28,822 73,631 70,641 23,374,714 3,000,767 9,509,88Salem, OR 7,084 5,939 6,731 353 90,847 24,343 55,682 35,165 11,686,967 2,470,515 6,162,18Salinas, CA 7,248 6,030 6,832 416 93,239 24,998 56,570 36,669 13,764,547 3,371,691 7,645,18

Salt Lake City—Ogden, UT 23,902 19,585 22,773 1,129 485,480 86,144 241,920 243,560 68,685,356 10,143,464 31,236,84San Angelo, TX 2,251 1,782 2,059 192 31,794 7,277 17,657 14,137 3,887,848 799,786 2,260,86San Antonio, TX 25,499 21,167 24,290 1,209 491,657 86,768 233,296 258,361 60,983,514 9,942,686 27,574,63San Diego, CA 50,902 43,726 49,422 1,480 816,047 172,816 456,924 359,123 109,191,136 21,615,387 58,715,42San Francisco, CA 50,876 43,153 49,384 1,492 852,408 170,182 458,670 393,738 151,280,245 27,322,863 69,117,42San Jose, CA 35,043 28,911 33,708 1,335 767,525 118,281 353,183 414,342 141,220,933 19,103,872 61,314,99San Luis Obispo—Atascadero—Paso Robles, CA 5,613 4,836 5,393 220 59,189 20,022 42,795 16,394 6,904,383 1,961,648 4,104,41

Santa Barbara—Santa Maria—Lompoc, CA 9,121 7,629 8,682 439 117,375 31,698 78,051 39,324 14,333,513 3,728,955 8,581,22

Santa Cruz—Watsonville, CA 5,971 5,139 5,735 236 70,738 20,723 46,558 24,180 8,776,992 2,488,060 5,900,64

Santa Fe, NM 4,288 3,607 4,040 248 44,683 14,068 30,750 13,933 4,627,025 1,601,196 3,342,51Santa Rosa, CA 11,170 9,585 10,721 449 129,676 37,731 86,237 43,439 19,337,536 4,348,779 12,095,43Sarasota—Bradenton, FL 13,584 11,652 12,939 645 179,078 42,853 97,007 82,071 18,195,013 4,587,880 9,676,81
96 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table A.5

Firms, Employment, and Estimated Receipts by Firm Size and Metropolitan Statistical Area, 1994—Conti

Firms Employment Estimated Receipts (Thou

Employment Size of Firm Employment Size of Firm Employment Siz

Metropolitan Statistical Area Total ,20 ,500 5001 Total ,20 ,500 5001 Total ,20 ,500 

Savannah, GA 5,877 4,550 5,317 560 99,542 19,834 50,555 48,987 13,373,075 2,309,250 5,719,73

Scranton—Wilkes-Barre—Hazleton, PA 12,704 10,533 12,133 571 232,782 42,299 129,125 103,657 28,791,287 4,645,668 14,217,83Seattle—Bellevue—Everett, WA 59,983 51,235 58,232 1,751 1,005,533 202,008 541,653 463,880 168,856,940 29,462,195 81,009,06Sharon, PA 2,443 1,935 2,251 192 39,074 8,469 23,090 15,984 4,784,614 812,879 2,827,69

Sheboygan, WI 2,186 1,695 2,028 158 49,963 8,073 25,214 24,749 7,525,574 796,516 3,190,28Sherman—Denison, TX 2,123 1,673 1,913 210 32,086 6,688 15,639 16,447 4,750,979 761,367 1,674,22Shreveport—Bossier City, LA 7,504 5,953 6,944 560 133,397 26,543 71,833 61,564 21,820,014 3,084,308 9,155,37Sioux City, IA—NE 2,887 2,174 2,652 235 53,635 9,459 29,147 24,488 10,011,004 1,158,574 4,631,71

Sioux Falls, SD 4,528 3,478 4,172 356 84,215 14,557 45,253 38,962 12,081,495 1,981,872 6,146,09South Bend, IN 5,758 4,409 5,268 490 114,696 19,910 59,900 54,796 15,198,737 2,153,461 8,108,86Spokane, WA 9,797 7,923 9,255 542 148,842 33,588 90,512 58,330 21,549,812 3,891,074 11,831,70

Springfield, IL 4,851 3,801 4,451 400 77,916 16,114 41,430 36,486 11,253,319 1,875,030 6,208,23Springfield, MA 11,371 9,386 10,832 539 208,937 40,335 114,114 94,823 34,777,945 4,907,681 14,526,70Springfield, MO 7,817 6,383 7,371 446 125,316 26,115 68,356 56,960 17,571,466 2,990,451 8,683,97St. Cloud, MN 3,773 2,998 3,539 234 69,358 13,827 38,515 30,843 8,946,331 1,539,371 4,359,87St. Joseph, MO 2,279 1,778 2,059 220 35,530 7,273 18,768 16,762 5,222,421 926,306 2,446,23

St. Louis, MO—IL 53,541 45,141 51,729 1,812 1,099,044 190,999 537,983 561,061 173,297,563 25,787,146 74,893,22Stamford—Norwalk, CT 13,002 10,985 12,381 621 192,863 40,835 101,107 91,756 52,347,127 10,347,707 25,881,21State College, PA 2,693 2,098 2,484 209 41,645 8,652 24,901 16,744 4,601,567 788,989 2,469,92Steubenville—Weirton, OH—WV 2,545 2,085 2,370 175 42,536 8,294 19,025 23,511 6,581,485 893,735 2,078,42Stockton—Lodi, CA 8,656 7,035 8,100 556 123,899 29,231 72,696 51,203 19,626,191 3,514,502 10,483,34Sumter, SC 1,598 1,218 1,423 175 33,152 5,461 14,601 18,551 3,638,099 546,620 1,784,33

Syracuse, NY 14,480 11,863 13,745 735 279,471 48,700 138,921 140,550 41,849,374 6,283,730 17,888,54Tacoma, WA 12,691 10,612 12,150 541 175,509 42,491 104,283 71,226 22,902,537 4,824,596 13,339,21

Tallahassee, FL 5,730 4,560 5,260 470 86,030 19,454 46,127 39,903 8,926,492 1,966,083 4,699,00

Tampa—St. Petersburg—Clearwater, FL 48,327 41,876 46,643 1,684 823,642 158,962 385,602 438,040 103,207,285 18,834,258 46,705,94Terre Haute, IN 3,079 2,438 2,811 268 55,631 10,538 27,135 28,496 7,674,723 1,008,598 2,843,54

Texarkana, TX—Texarkana, AR 2,455 1,921 2,243 212 35,421 8,395 20,746 14,675 5,441,877 969,603 3,282,45

Toledo, OH 12,251 9,756 11,503 748 263,029 44,069 128,167 134,862 41,077,649 5,465,347 16,350,60
Supplementary Tables 97

Topeka, KS 4,020 3,113 3,684 336 73,047 13,236 36,696 36,351 10,460,661 1,369,762 4,452,95

Trenton, NJ 7,911 6,372 7,384 527 160,893 25,411 71,771 89,122 21,189,389 3,998,401 10,042,14Tucson, AZ 14,442 11,813 13,693 749 241,671 49,393 139,835 101,836 26,149,094 4,901,155 13,323,53Tulsa, OK 17,931 14,799 17,012 919 304,261 59,704 164,185 140,076 42,223,320 7,968,669 21,481,15Tuscaloosa, AL 3,228 2,551 2,980 248 56,189 11,753 28,799 27,390 7,076,643 1,145,299 3,167,69

Tyler, TX 4,150 3,282 3,805 345 60,907 13,656 33,330 27,577 8,503,921 1,679,247 4,262,87Utica—Rome, NY 5,636 4,714 5,307 329 97,084 18,858 50,106 46,978 12,472,018 2,181,300 6,544,00Vallejo—Fairfield—Napa, CA 8,491 7,008 8,004 487 119,758 28,729 69,807 49,951 17,624,102 3,141,217 9,620,54

Ventura, CA 13,681 11,399 13,000 681 195,520 45,947 116,785 78,735 29,917,647 6,077,947 15,131,72

Victoria, TX 1,933 1,470 1,724 209 25,653 6,419 15,221 10,432 3,787,208 723,292 1,734,50

Vineland—Millville—Bridgeton, NJ 2,804 2,294 2,626 178 46,482 9,526 25,085 21,397 7,584,861 1,388,558 4,224,55

Visalia—Tulare—Porterville, CA 5,224 4,317 4,920 304 73,297 18,279 44,247 29,050 9,914,711 2,229,749 5,552,64

Waco, TX 4,256 3,345 3,884 372 77,880 14,050 39,446 38,434 9,512,742 1,661,392 4,833,19

Washington, DC—MD—VA—WV 93,932 79,899 91,639 2,293 1,826,184 330,890 957,580 868,604 268,293,124 44,378,795 127,277,34

Waterbury, CT 4,866 4,025 4,618 248 69,698 16,531 43,638 26,060 9,567,452 2,134,437 5,669,72

Waterloo—Cedar Falls, IA 2,817 2,148 2,579 238 51,073 10,037 27,390 23,683 7,506,388 1,053,591 3,470,32Wausau, WI 2,861 2,205 2,627 234 52,899 9,900 28,005 24,894 8,370,635 1,123,809 3,699,92

West Palm Beach—Boca Raton, FL 28,730 25,183 27,799 931 366,056 89,666 209,567 156,489 48,940,127 12,350,685 26,742,84

Wheeling, WV—OH 3,286 2,677 3,039 247 47,451 11,515 28,115 19,336 5,725,472 1,148,744 3,321,61Wichita Falls, TX 3,212 2,548 2,929 283 47,449 10,394 25,430 22,019 5,305,308 1,284,614 2,999,82

Wichita, KS 11,322 9,044 10,656 666 222,902 38,683 114,856 108,046 30,742,106 4,425,078 14,107,55

Williamsport, PA 2,594 2,028 2,361 233 45,377 8,729 23,763 21,614 5,742,693 830,480 2,612,03

Wilmington, NC 5,750 4,720 5,372 378 73,770 19,038 43,189 30,581 9,242,756 1,907,861 4,571,39

Wilmington—Newark, DE—MD 13,215 10,660 12,273 942 245,692 41,993 108,543 137,149 45,260,725 5,091,203 14,333,33Worcester, MA—CT 9,834 7,994 9,280 554 198,884 32,141 100,671 98,213 30,539,582 4,526,676 14,108,73Yakima, WA 4,227 3,466 3,999 228 55,876 14,468 39,976 15,900 8,392,644 1,872,537 5,541,89

Yolo, CA 2,822 2,122 2,558 264 46,537 9,335 26,264 20,273 9,623,356 1,275,630 4,962,75

York, PA 6,714 5,301 6,277 437 140,050 24,057 71,229 68,821 20,189,745 2,635,462 9,725,64

Youngstown—Warren, OH 11,589 9,657 11,098 491 204,092 41,906 111,918 92,174 31,969,450 4,477,482 14,085,24

Yuba City, CA 2,280 1,859 2,104 176 23,009 7,449 15,856 7,153 2,923,132 767,453 1,949,80

Yuma, AZ 2,078 1,599 1,898 180 28,862 7,045 17,889 10,973 3,268,720 644,656 1,924,52

Notes: For metropolitan statistical area (MSA) data, a firm is defined as an aggregation of all establishments owned by a parent company within an MSA. Establishments are locations with ac

quarter. Employment is measured in March; thus, some firms will have no employment and some annual payroll.

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, based on data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
98 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table A.6

Firms, Establishments, Employment, Annual Payroll, and Estimated Receipts by Firm Size and Major Indu

(Receipts and Payroll in Thousands of Dollars)

Employment Size of Firm

Industry and Data Type Total 0 1-4 5-9 10-19 0-19 20-99 100-499 0-499 500+ 

Total

Firms 5,369,068 688,584 2,560,989 981,094 576,866 4,807,533 469,869 76,222 5,353,624 15,44

Establishments 6,612,721 690,772 2,569,023 998,264 618,268 4,876,327 638,616 283,993 5,798,936 813,78Employment 100,314,946 0 5,395,432 6,440,349 7,734,080 19,569,861 18,422,228 14,660,421 52,652,510 47,662,43

Annual Payroll 2,665,921,824 25,787,172 115,750,753 137,083,047 175,388,093 454,009,065 437,065,364 361,060,815 1,252,135,244 1,413,786,58Estimated Receipts 15,751,365,178 129,711,136 790,023,849 778,863,865 965,258,998 2,663,857,848 2,678,292,849 2,062,235,050 7,404,385,747 8,346,979,43

Agricultural Services

Firms 107,253 23,307 49,846 19,279 9,950 102,382 4,347 387 107,116 13

Establishments 108,666 23,308 49,863 19,296 9,978 102,445 4,494 567 107,506 1,16

Employment 630,287 0 103,920 126,804 130,478 361,202 147,065 52,060 560,327 69,96

Annual Payroll 12,102,236 451,031 1,787,849 2,098,018 2,410,111 6,747,009 2,843,919 938,088 10,529,016 1,573,22

Estimated Receipts 36,963,317 1,484,644 5,708,066 5,848,340 6,213,853 19,254,903 7,781,522 3,290,590 30,327,015 6,636,30

Mining

Firms 21,585 2,293 10,010 3,392 2,483 18,178 2,469 536 21,183 40Establishments 27,406 2,298 10,044 3,421 2,577 18,340 3,038 1,412 22,790 4,61

Employment 627,531 0 20,187 22,438 33,805 76,430 91,513 75,196 243,139 384,39

Annual Payroll 25,698,581 146,101 534,173 602,906 944,600 2,227,780 2,931,597 2,897,562 8,056,939 17,641,64

Estimated Receipts 168,055,155 1,060,613 5,273,697 5,221,976 5,765,937 17,322,223 18,066,874 15,606,815 50,995,912 117,059,24

Construction

Firms 630,206 100,581 306,901 111,486 62,817 581,785 43,442 4,316 629,543 66

Establishments 636,580 100,588 306,939 111,529 62,953 582,009 44,195 5,635 631,839 4,74

Employment 5,040,598 0 643,645 729,109 838,491 2,211,245 1,594,071 696,278 4,501,594 539,00Annual Payroll 147,320,503 2,815,564 13,630,049 16,343,046 21,767,268 54,555,927 48,325,397 23,866,174 126,747,498 20,573,00

Estimated Receipts 667,763,006 13,311,678 79,142,699 75,227,023 92,917,662 260,599,062 207,511,531 106,397,358 574,507,951 93,255,05

Manufacturing

Firms 330,310 28,908 100,688 60,411 52,331 242,338 66,235 16,821 325,394 4,91

Establishments 390,435 28,936 100,730 60,509 52,629 242,804 70,490 28,536 341,830 48,60Employment 18,611,108 0 227,868 405,185 714,779 1,347,832 2,743,165 3,073,002 7,163,999 11,447,10

Annual Payroll 630,965,899 1,777,487 4,881,997 9,075,962 17,624,181 33,359,627 74,126,239 86,752,908 194,238,774 436,727,12

Estimated Receipts 3,417,662,925 9,464,692 24,734,654 40,567,713 74,751,632 149,518,691 339,266,138 460,292,303 949,077,132 2,468,585,79

Transportation, Communications, and Public Utilities

Firms 208,967 29,714 96,288 34,153 22,512 182,667 20,714 3,931 207,312 1,65

Establishments 285,654 29,867 96,501 34,699 23,779 184,846 26,974 12,957 224,777 60,87
Supplementary Tables 99

Employment 5,924,706 0 199,518 223,859 302,332 725,709 798,021 628,665 2,152,395 3,772,31

Annual Payroll 200,893,921 1,190,453 3,885,824 4,592,048 6,698,205 16,366,530 19,514,278 17,602,270 53,483,078 147,410,84

Estimated Receipts 1,026,766,996 5,011,477 23,332,729 21,030,288 28,201,835 77,576,329 82,737,853 75,831,589 236,145,771 790,621,22

Wholesale Trade

Firms 405,435 41,758 171,688 77,659 54,824 345,929 47,849 8,321 402,099 3,33

Establishments 518,432 41,857 172,302 79,348 59,699 353,206 70,041 29,259 452,506 65,92

Employment 6,606,534 0 370,111 513,696 733,099 1,616,906 1,738,224 1,074,161 4,429,291 2,177,24

Annual Payroll 226,998,566 1,737,752 10,720,817 14,646,509 21,772,195 48,877,273 53,242,969 34,935,893 137,056,135 89,942,43

Estimated Receipts 3,849,002,650 30,269,406 246,300,093 260,635,794 345,767,850 882,973,143 969,355,108 584,259,478 2,436,587,729 1,412,414,92

Retail Trade

Firms 1,099,619 135,741 466,486 224,415 141,039 967,681 115,689 13,305 1,096,675 2,94

Establishments 1,571,073 136,797 469,491 229,966 154,106 990,360 167,260 78,759 1,236,379 334,69Employment 21,086,617 0 1,043,310 1,481,610 1,880,963 4,405,883 4,349,787 2,208,976 10,964,646 10,121,97

Annual Payroll 300,073,188 3,428,366 12,863,371 18,109,033 23,317,127 57,717,897 62,546,330 34,261,514 154,525,741 145,547,44

Estimated Receipts 2,292,731,644 23,073,809 129,375,040 147,464,986 176,258,952 476,172,787 519,510,231 285,037,763 1,280,720,781 1,012,010,86

Finance, Insurance and Real Estate

Firms 433,790 53,552 260,395 58,121 28,623 400,691 24,395 5,716 430,802 2,98

Establishments 629,479 53,724 261,256 60,064 33,545 408,589 46,474 30,062 485,125 144,35Employment 6,984,830 0 501,716 373,506 377,684 1,252,906 934,421 815,342 3,002,669 3,982,16

Annual Payroll 255,882,857 2,252,269 11,288,974 10,210,377 11,679,964 35,431,584 29,337,865 27,870,522 92,639,971 163,242,88

Estimated Receipts 2,094,205,607 11,751,575 75,634,347 50,059,325 55,808,770 193,254,017 169,091,236 205,148,083 567,493,336 1,526,712,27

Services

Firms 2,114,127 246,850 1,077,138 390,192 204,005 1,918,185 154,867 32,610 2,105,662 8,46

Establishments 2,392,015 247,441 1,079,712 396,178 217,876 1,941,207 205,213 96,787 2,243,207 148,80

Employment 34,709,644 0 2,248,042 2,543,307 2,707,743 7,499,092 6,012,668 6,033,998 19,545,758 15,163,88

Annual Payroll 864,399,439 11,391,906 55,737,874 61,202,462 69,036,977 197,369,219 144,073,113 131,909,508 473,351,840 391,047,59

Estimated Receipts 2,188,812,082 30,904,223 197,783,311 171,597,911 178,792,235 579,077,680 364,264,223 326,214,385 1,269,556,288 919,255,79

Unclassified

Firms 52,981 25,956 22,185 3,254 1,126 52,521 437 19 52,977 

Establishments 52,981 25,956 22,185 3,254 1,126 52,521 437 19 52,977 Employment 93,091 0 37,115 20,835 14,706 72,656 13,293 2,743 88,692 4,39

Annual Payroll 1,586,634 596,243 419,825 202,686 137,465 1,356,219 123,657 26,376 1,506,252 80,38

Estimated Receipts 9,401,796 3,379,019 2,739,213 1,210,509 780,272 8,109,013 708,133 156,686 8,973,832 427,96

Note: For industry data, a firm is defined as an aggregation of all establishments owned by a parent company within an industry. Establishments are locations with active payroll in any quarte

measured in March; thus, some firms will have no employment and some annual payroll.

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
100 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table A.7

Firms, Establishments, Employment, Annual Payroll, and Estimated Receipts by Firm Size and Industry (Tw

SIC Code), 1995 (Receipts and Payroll in Thousands of Dollars)

Employment Size of Firm

SIC Industry Data Type Total 0 1-4 5-9 10-19 0-19 20-99 100-499 0-499 Total, All Industries

Firms 5,369,068 688,584 2,560,989 981,094 576,866 4,807,533 469,869 76,222 5,353,6Establishments 6,612,721 690,772 2,569,023 998,264 618,268 4,876,327 638,616 283,993 5,798,9Employment 100,314,946 0 5,395,432 6,440,349 7,734,080 19,569,861 18,422,228 14,660,421 52,652,5Annual Payroll 2,665,921,824 25,787,172 115,750,753 137,083,047 175,388,093 454,009,065 437,065,364 361,060,815 1,252,135,2Estimated Receipts 15,751,365,178 129,711,136 790,023,849 778,863,865 965,258,998 2,663,857,848 2,678,292,849 2,062,235,050 7,404,385,7

700 Agricultural Services

Firms 102,626 22,037 47,655 18,709 9,688 98,089 4,096 341 102,5

Establishments 103,878 22,038 47,665 18,722 9,713 98,138 4,220 505 102,8

Employment 597,779 0 99,904 123,098 126,979 349,981 138,305 46,832 535,1Annual Payroll 11,286,053 419,289 1,697,921 2,018,284 2,328,788 6,464,282 2,640,740 816,537 9,921,5

Estimated Receipts 33,327,238 1,339,647 5,234,265 5,519,817 5,857,129 17,950,858 6,977,328 2,785,866 27,714,0

800 Forestry

Firms 2,402 549 1,092 372 158 2,171 169 28 2,3

Establishments 2,529 549 1,097 374 159 2,179 184 39 2,4

Employment 20,615 0 2,156 2,404 2,138 6,698 5,907 3,145 15,7

Annual Payroll 466,090 10,814 48,841 48,567 48,131 156,353 113,526 48,685 318,5

Estimated Receipts 2,075,000 50,409 230,148 192,750 237,302 710,609 413,869 206,102 1,330,5

900 Fishing, Hunting, and Trapping

Firms 2,236 721 1,101 199 104 2,125 83 19 2,2

Establishments 2,259 721 1,101 200 106 2,128 90 23 2,2

Employment 11,893 0 1,860 1,302 1,361 4,523 2,853 2,083 9,4

Annual Payroll 350,093 20,928 41,087 31,167 33,192 126,374 89,653 72,866 288,8

Estimated Receipts 1,561,079 94,588 243,653 135,773 119,422 593,436 390,325 298,622 1,282,3

1000 Metal Mining

Firms 646 153 221 78 45 497 58 40 5

Establishments 990 153 221 79 47 500 92 88 6

Employment 51,144 0 423 511 601 1,535 2,379 6,476 10,3

Annual Payroll 2,283,592 5,957 13,887 18,118 19,380 57,342 90,635 289,340 437,3

Estimated Receipts 10,998,791 33,703 42,736 44,374 63,585 184,398 350,128 1,359,549 1,894,0
Supplementary Tables 101

1200 Coal Mining

Firms 1,749 215 374 234 279 1,102 483 93 1,6

Establishments 2,494 215 379 235 282 1,111 522 188 1,8

Employment 109,958 0 859 1,549 3,978 6,386 19,315 15,149 40,8

Annual Payroll 4,868,396 33,813 22,763 38,692 103,687 198,955 607,287 556,588 1,362,8

Estimated Receipts 25,345,440 177,247 219,282 244,426 803,894 1,444,849 4,344,473 2,988,966 8,778,2

1300 Oil and Gas Extraction

Firms 15,487 1,571 8,360 2,377 1,481 13,789 1,267 233 15,2

Establishments 18,045 1,573 8,387 2,403 1,550 13,913 1,523 531 15,9

Employment 359,317 0 16,517 15,613 20,064 52,194 47,973 35,754 135,9

Annual Payroll 14,579,087 85,600 430,589 422,162 560,377 1,498,728 1,529,898 1,360,958 4,389,5

Estimated Receipts 115,210,356 761,081 4,654,927 4,396,206 3,830,882 13,643,096 10,483,907 8,457,352 32,584,3

1400 Mining and Quarrying of Nonmetallic 

Minerals

Firms 3,797 354 1,056 703 678 2,791 667 191 3,6

Establishments 5,877 357 1,057 704 698 2,816 901 605 4,3

Employment 107,112 0 2,388 4,765 9,162 16,315 21,846 17,817 55,9

Annual Payroll 3,967,506 20,731 66,934 123,934 261,156 472,755 703,777 690,676 1,867,2

Estimated Receipts 16,500,568 88,582 356,752 536,970 1,067,576 2,049,880 2,888,366 2,800,948 7,739,1

1500 Building Construction

Firms 189,877 34,145 99,185 30,769 15,175 179,274 9,413 932 189,6

Establishments 191,166 34,145 99,195 30,779 15,197 179,316 9,516 1,212 190,0

Employment 1,227,837 0 204,687 199,377 200,542 604,606 337,733 141,315 1,083,6Annual Payroll 35,097,816 909,637 4,349,145 4,391,911 5,116,742 14,767,435 10,217,290 4,823,501 29,808,2

Estimated Receipts 279,039,260 6,988,627 39,064,282 33,186,982 36,930,787 116,170,678 79,360,029 40,963,461 236,494,1

1600 Heavy Construction

Firms 33,332 3,984 11,459 6,015 5,010 26,468 5,647 987 33,1

Establishments 34,361 3,984 11,460 6,021 5,025 26,490 5,732 1,220 33,4Employment 714,623 0 25,026 40,130 68,494 133,650 222,488 157,362 513,5

Annual Payroll 26,175,115 236,160 795,751 1,254,667 2,372,517 4,659,095 7,936,339 6,049,599 18,645,0

Estimated Receipts 109,748,499 1,009,799 3,872,805 5,652,869 10,273,107 20,808,580 34,739,211 26,433,316 81,981,1

1700 Special Trade Contractors

Firms 407,357 62,454 196,261 74,709 42,650 376,074 28,472 2,492 407,0

Establishments 411,053 62,459 196,284 74,729 42,731 376,203 28,947 3,203 408,3

Employment 3,098,138 0 413,932 489,602 569,455 1,472,989 1,033,850 397,601 2,904,4

Annual Payroll 86,047,572 1,669,767 8,485,153 10,696,468 14,278,009 35,129,397 30,171,768 12,993,074 78,294,2

Estimated Receipts 278,975,247 5,313,252 36,205,612 36,387,172 45,713,768 123,619,804 93,412,291 39,000,581 256,032,6
102 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table A.7

Firms, Establishments, Employment, Annual Payroll, and Estimated Receipts by Firm Size and Industry (Tw

SIC Code), 1995 (Receipts and Payroll in Thousands of Dollars)—Continued

Employment Size of Firm

SIC Industry Data Type Total 0 1-4 5-9 10-19 0-19 20-99 100-499 0-4

2000 Food and Kindred Products

Firms 16,728 1,586 4,122 2,729 2,560 10,997 3,725 1,339 16,0

Establishments 22,541 1,587 4,125 2,733 2,572 11,017 3,969 2,113 17,0

Employment 1,653,249 0 9,494 18,434 34,870 62,798 155,284 235,196 453,2

Annual Payroll 48,188,906 120,480 158,208 315,054 642,412 1,236,154 3,566,354 6,174,249 10,976,7Estimated Receipts 448,688,766 1,234,003 1,690,899 3,407,114 6,095,779 12,427,795 36,151,439 66,656,476 115,235,7

2100 Tobacco Products

Firms 81 8 16 8 8 40 14 9 

Establishments 156 8 16 8 8 40 15 12 

Employment 45,974 NA NA NA 118 203 739 1,380 2,3

Annual Payroll 2,456,940 NA NA NA 3,805 6,402 18,436 33,947 58,7

Estimated Receipts 29,047,639 NA NA NA 42,179 83,193 156,329 527,698 767,2

2200 Textile Mill Products

Firms 5,303 510 1,221 701 676 3,108 1,312 573 4,9

Establishments 6,762 514 1,221 702 677 3,114 1,354 783 5,2

Employment 649,838 0 2,720 4,765 9,415 16,900 59,618 111,037 187,5

Annual Payroll 15,078,661 39,709 61,545 95,214 201,666 398,134 1,212,642 2,413,852 4,024,6Estimated Receipts 78,092,795 210,382 318,222 504,529 1,019,648 2,052,781 6,083,351 12,872,991 21,009,1

2300 Apparel

Firms 22,814 3,197 5,870 3,576 3,430 16,073 5,072 1,294 22,4

Establishments 24,741 3,197 5,872 3,588 3,441 16,098 5,196 1,774 23,0

Employment 953,570 0 13,157 24,151 47,514 84,822 216,916 232,720 534,4Annual Payroll 16,828,160 190,524 214,280 353,265 715,791 1,473,860 3,343,284 3,849,785 8,666,9

Estimated Receipts 69,196,063 867,645 1,218,980 1,601,753 3,136,919 6,825,297 14,130,817 16,156,464 37,112,5

2400 Lumber and Wood Products,

except Furniture

Firms 35,743 3,968 13,222 7,170 5,331 29,691 4,811 940 35,4

Establishments 38,219 3,968 13,222 7,172 5,353 29,715 5,028 1,517 36,2Employment 750,798 0 29,430 47,895 71,770 149,095 187,278 148,840 485,2Annual Payroll 17,787,823 140,656 507,814 843,605 1,352,102 2,844,177 3,965,253 3,426,084 10,235,5

Estimated Receipts 97,030,240 906,491 3,443,697 5,087,563 7,245,135 16,682,886 21,564,818 19,719,292 57,966,9
Supplementary Tables 103

2500 Furniture and Fixtures

Firms 10,858 1,005 3,182 1,852 1,650 7,689 2,286 656 10,6

Establishments 11,811 1,005 3,182 1,854 1,652 7,693 2,345 876 10,9

Employment 517,490 0 7,138 12,337 22,658 42,133 98,749 114,472 255,3

Annual Payroll 12,299,489 49,153 131,928 228,491 452,693 862,265 2,222,428 2,606,701 5,691,3

Estimated Receipts 51,027,311 204,628 566,835 917,576 1,718,856 3,407,895 8,910,624 11,584,644 23,903,1

2600 Paper and Allied Products

Firms 4,365 234 558 516 659 1,967 1,493 622 4,0

Establishments 6,974 235 558 516 661 1,970 1,538 963 4,4

Employment 682,169 0 1,324 3,513 9,360 14,197 67,197 103,700 185,0

Annual Payroll 25,589,708 32,673 32,104 80,638 242,454 387,869 1,874,844 3,207,632 5,470,3Estimated Receipts 146,633,231 196,238 205,377 450,029 1,306,809 2,158,453 10,668,702 19,339,775 32,166,9

2700 Printing, Publishing, and 

Allied Industries

Firms 60,027 5,004 24,196 12,556 8,385 50,141 7,828 1,519 59,4

Establishments 66,136 5,005 24,204 12,586 8,444 50,239 8,361 2,753 61,3

Employment 1,601,372 0 54,619 82,908 112,498 250,025 309,364 259,130 818,5Annual Payroll 49,467,019 228,509 1,092,355 1,761,678 2,745,498 5,828,040 9,036,642 7,882,523 22,747,2

Estimated Receipts 182,911,327 999,838 4,729,306 6,360,422 9,317,508 21,407,074 31,569,479 32,573,795 85,550,3

2800 Chemicals and Allied Products

Firms 8,640 595 2,285 1,434 1,275 5,589 1,769 692 8,0

Establishments 13,783 595 2,287 1,444 1,291 5,617 2,013 1,384 9,0

Employment 1,080,019 0 5,296 9,710 17,457 32,463 71,588 108,704 212,7

Annual Payroll 52,760,762 55,765 156,402 290,073 540,098 1,042,338 2,448,722 3,966,457 7,457,5Estimated Receipts 357,639,931 527,501 1,600,272 2,567,787 4,846,704 9,542,264 21,540,095 35,785,859 66,868,2

2900 Petroleum Refining and 

Related Industries 73

Firms 1,129 61 225 170 150 606 258 125 9

Establishments 2,359 61 227 172 157 617 364 316 1,2

Employment 144,157 0 516 1,135 1,934 3,585 8,879 10,343 22,8

Annual Payroll 7,509,926 5,487 20,513 45,098 80,568 151,666 341,381 446,564 939,6

Estimated Receipts 161,254,192 70,170 335,749 602,494 952,273 1,960,686 3,851,575 6,869,570 12,681,8

3000 Rubber and Miscellaneous 

Plastics Products

Firms 13,703 874 2,526 1,872 2,240 7,512 4,073 1,387 12,9

Establishments 17,194 877 2,526 1,873 2,246 7,522 4,249 2,195 13,9

Employment 1,041,948 0 5,978 12,692 30,951 49,621 177,606 236,091 463,3
104 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table A.7

Firms, Establishments, Employment, Annual Payroll, and Estimated Receipts by Firm Size and Industry (Tw

SIC Code), 1995 (Receipts and Payroll in Thousands of Dollars)—Continued

Employment Size of Firm

SIC Industry Data Type Total 0 1-4 5-9 10-19 0-19 20-99 100-499 0-4

Annual Payroll 29,804,870 65,781 153,493 307,160 750,414 1,276,848 4,401,119 5,959,692 11,637,6Estimated Receipts 135,684,621 309,194 782,957 1,398,493 3,346,717 5,837,361 21,340,327 28,536,755 55,714,4

3100 Leather and Leather Products

Firms 1,794 179 546 251 245 1,221 379 138 1,7

Establishments 2,020 179 546 252 246 1,223 398 198 1,8

Employment 99,480 NA NA NA 3,359 6,175 16,593 23,912 46,6Annual Payroll 1,930,093 NA NA NA 57,971 114,233 297,391 420,459 832,0

Estimated Receipts 9,489,932 NA NA NA 260,344 549,053 1,530,349 1,975,137 4,054,5

3200 Stone, Clay, Glass, and 

Concrete Products

Firms 12,118 906 3,307 2,084 2,163 8,460 2,719 590 11,7

Establishments 16,864 910 3,310 2,084 2,205 8,509 3,436 1,835 13,7Employment 520,689 0 7,542 14,043 29,520 51,105 104,419 85,939 241,4

Annual Payroll 16,809,160 52,957 155,792 307,940 747,441 1,264,130 2,931,223 2,522,101 6,717,4Estimated Receipts 71,744,114 249,357 860,519 1,504,104 3,527,767 6,141,747 13,167,956 10,790,121 30,099,8

3300 Primary Metal Industries

Firms 5,504 334 927 714 766 2,741 1,576 711 5,0

Establishments 7,187 337 928 715 769 2,749 1,641 1,010 5,4Employment 707,715 0 2,189 4,758 10,730 17,677 68,712 127,838 214,2

Annual Payroll 26,694,780 67,388 59,493 127,220 285,561 539,662 1,992,002 3,942,338 6,474,0Estimated Receipts 163,370,711 361,345 369,248 630,148 1,422,152 2,782,893 10,660,004 22,861,321 36,304,2

3400 Fabricated Metal Products 

except Machinery

Firms 32,960 2,001 7,328 5,661 5,978 20,968 8,912 2,216 32,0

Establishments 37,082 2,004 7,330 5,666 5,997 20,997 9,289 3,234 33,5Employment 1,496,276 0 17,024 38,522 82,487 138,033 366,228 344,291 848,5Annual Payroll 47,459,949 156,656 396,976 960,527 2,213,747 3,727,906 10,576,229 10,309,037 24,613,1Estimated Receipts 194,182,534 652,529 1,748,370 3,598,918 8,110,544 14,110,361 42,178,628 44,023,775 100,312,7
Supplementary Tables 105

3500 Industrial and Commercial 

Machinery and ComputerEquipment

Firms 52,435 3,830 15,366 10,362 9,433 38,991 10,224 2,211 51,4

Establishments 56,385 3,833 15,368 10,367 9,454 39,022 10,595 3,010 52,6Employment 2,012,261 0 35,237 70,019 128,524 233,780 397,172 334,349 965,3

Annual Payroll 75,195,688 216,203 881,194 1,901,142 3,896,487 6,895,026 13,505,366 11,841,494 32,241,8Estimated Receipts 300,434,535 791,713 2,949,871 5,807,273 11,633,356 21,182,213 45,076,702 48,204,549 114,463,4

3600 Electronic and Electrical 

Equipment and Components except Computers

Firms 14,887 1,132 3,509 2,165 2,176 8,982 3,700 1,445 14,1

Establishments 18,180 1,132 3,512 2,168 2,185 8,997 3,817 1,908 14,7

Employment 1,670,687 0 7,846 14,510 29,892 52,248 162,792 252,920 467,9

Annual Payroll 63,591,801 101,096 226,801 414,053 864,991 1,606,941 4,785,745 7,786,757 14,179,4Estimated Receipts 259,352,971 503,012 1,009,762 1,661,064 3,323,672 6,497,510 18,971,517 35,210,513 60,679,5

3700 Transportation Equipment

Firms 9,846 877 2,787 1,553 1,394 6,611 1,993 753 9,3

Establishments 11,963 878 2,790 1,554 1,397 6,619 2,052 964 9,6

Employment 1,670,963 0 6,139 10,418 19,095 35,652 83,749 136,056 255,4

Annual Payroll 72,583,901 91,792 138,796 227,572 453,687 911,847 2,167,491 3,697,998 6,777,3

Estimated Receipts 477,486,872 645,576 702,316 1,116,425 2,061,188 4,525,505 10,151,958 20,118,238 34,795,7

3800 Measuring, Analyzing, Controlling 

Instruments and Photographic,Medical and Optical Goods,Watches and Clocks

Firms 10,167 697 2,893 1,729 1,497 6,816 2,138 712 9,6

Establishments 11,891 699 2,897 1,731 1,508 6,835 2,211 947 9,9

Employment 902,431 0 6,473 11,551 20,559 38,583 87,506 111,803 237,8

Annual Payroll 38,181,442 61,140 205,106 346,259 668,170 1,280,675 2,991,284 3,916,656 8,188,6Estimated Receipts 138,686,340 244,157 786,473 1,351,299 2,437,912 4,819,841 11,590,352 15,906,691 32,316,8

3900 Miscellaneous Manufacturing

Industries

Firms 17,564 1,912 6,606 3,320 2,354 14,192 2,545 603 17,3

Establishments 18,187 1,912 6,609 3,324 2,366 14,211 2,619 744 17,5

Employment 410,022 0 14,532 22,137 32,068 68,737 102,776 94,281 265,7

Annual Payroll 10,746,821 90,918 268,632 443,279 708,625 1,511,454 2,448,403 2,348,582 6,308,4
106 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table A.7

Firms, Establishments, Employment, Annual Payroll, and Estimated Receipts by Firm Size and Industry (Tw

SIC Code), 1995 (Receipts and Payroll in Thousands of Dollars)—Continued

Employment Size of Firm

SIC Industry Data Type Total 0 1-4 5-9 10-19 0-19 20-99 100-499 0-4

Estimated Receipts 45,708,800 432,554 1,284,824 1,860,335 2,946,170 6,523,883 9,971,116 10,578,639 27,073,6

4100 Local and Suburban Transit and 

Interurban Highway 

Passenger Transportation

Firms 16,472 1,968 6,208 2,484 2,225 12,885 2,882 567 16,3

Establishments 19,159 1,970 6,225 2,499 2,275 12,969 3,317 1,142 17,4

Employment 413,207 0 12,079 16,647 30,429 59,155 116,004 91,804 266,9Annual Payroll 6,713,968 83,763 141,105 179,838 355,985 760,691 1,642,613 1,570,730 3,974,0

Estimated Receipts 16,178,715 217,045 726,874 637,353 1,026,642 2,607,914 4,331,567 3,660,459 10,599,9

4200 Motor Freight Transportation 

and Warehousing

Firms 109,049 16,491 52,692 16,280 11,273 96,736 9,984 1,671 108,3

Establishments 125,306 16,511 52,757 16,397 11,548 97,213 11,721 4,588 113,5

Employment 1,841,945 0 103,933 106,941 151,567 362,441 378,531 248,674 989,6Annual Payroll 50,882,896 439,490 1,967,918 2,182,601 3,410,110 8,000,119 9,347,211 6,598,052 23,945,3Estimated Receipts 174,574,430 1,646,644 12,834,084 10,376,474 14,083,263 38,940,465 34,296,067 21,863,239 95,099,7

4400 Water Transportation

Firms 7,636 1,300 3,181 1,281 817 6,579 704 212 7,4

Establishments 8,846 1,300 3,184 1,299 862 6,645 857 529 8,0

Employment 172,179 0 6,612 8,399 10,747 25,758 26,473 29,761 81,9

Annual Payroll 5,924,683 48,839 184,381 205,859 270,158 709,237 749,499 989,808 2,448,5

Estimated Receipts 31,890,063 218,528 1,133,470 1,260,370 1,423,976 4,036,344 4,025,749 5,531,494 13,593,5

4500 Transportation by Air

Firms 6,107 852 2,444 955 715 4,966 706 221 5,8

Establishments 12,889 854 2,462 974 744 5,034 971 756 6,7Employment 804,763 0 5,123 6,334 9,496 20,953 27,813 37,136 85,9

Annual Payroll 27,781,587 48,329 121,208 147,167 225,059 541,763 710,614 1,095,544 2,347,9Estimated Receipts 143,690,249 207,341 880,927 824,199 1,137,997 3,050,464 3,717,963 5,784,838 12,553,2
Supplementary Tables 107

4600 Pipelines, except Natural Gas

Firms 115 16 18 7 3 44 14 9 

Establishments 1,091 16 18 7 3 44 28 78 1

Employment 16,395 0 39 47 39 125 587 1,467 2,1

Annual Payroll 873,492 1,199 740 1,882 1,354 5,175 23,655 79,150 107,9

Estimated Receipts 9,285,008 10,351 28,034 24,242 21,299 83,926 292,186 758,039 1,134,1

4700 Transportation Services

Firms 40,853 4,893 21,169 8,267 3,538 37,867 2,265 497 40,6

Establishments 50,470 4,899 21,242 8,537 4,139 38,817 4,051 2,637 45,5

Employment 402,256 0 48,885 52,911 46,211 148,007 81,594 70,577 300,1Annual Payroll 10,721,549 151,074 969,019 1,146,896 1,182,369 3,449,358 2,141,986 1,969,356 7,560,7

Estimated Receipts 30,307,047 423,381 3,388,120 3,311,376 3,279,686 10,402,563 5,705,488 5,171,286 21,279,3

4800 Communications

Firms 18,160 3,058 5,456 3,074 2,932 14,520 2,827 542 17,8

Establishments 45,226 3,179 5,479 3,160 3,105 14,923 3,914 2,046 20,8Employment 1,355,090 0 11,732 20,729 40,025 72,486 107,502 91,935 271,9Annual Payroll 55,166,693 338,254 299,224 447,447 841,363 1,926,288 2,889,915 3,063,271 7,879,4

Estimated Receipts 274,188,425 1,724,761 1,805,818 2,347,080 3,970,550 9,848,209 13,435,334 14,830,441 38,113,9

4900 Electric, Gas, and Sanitary 

Services

Firms 11,271 1,137 5,124 1,815 1,030 9,106 1,444 378 10,9

Establishments 22,667 1,138 5,134 1,826 1,103 9,201 2,115 1,181 12,4

Employment 918,871 0 11,115 11,851 13,818 36,784 59,517 57,311 153,6Annual Payroll 42,829,053 79,505 202,229 280,358 411,807 973,899 2,008,785 2,236,359 5,219,0

Estimated Receipts 346,653,059 563,426 2,535,402 2,249,194 3,258,422 8,606,444 16,933,499 18,231,793 43,771,7

5000 Wholesale Trade - Durable

Goods

Firms 259,332 25,797 108,873 51,554 36,159 222,383 29,915 4,904 257,2Establishments 331,044 25,871 109,291 52,710 39,403 227,275 45,315 19,450 292,0

Employment 3,885,894 0 237,407 341,423 483,714 1,062,544 1,076,951 617,784 2,757,2

Annual Payroll 140,563,481 1,104,742 7,026,831 10,007,224 14,928,500 33,067,297 34,977,981 21,378,296 89,423,5

Estimated Receipts 1,962,936,833 16,193,591 137,008,580 143,380,160 193,160,155 489,742,486 539,830,133 300,832,741 1,330,405,3

5100 Wholesale Trade-Nondurable 

Goods

Firms 147,243 15,963 62,828 26,137 18,769 123,697 18,268 3,641 145,6

Establishments 187,388 15,986 63,011 26,638 20,296 125,931 24,726 9,809 160,4

Employment 2,720,640 0 132,704 172,273 249,385 554,362 661,273 456,377 1,672,0

Annual Payroll 86,435,085 633,010 3,693,986 4,639,285 6,843,695 15,809,976 18,264,988 13,557,597 47,632,5

Estimated Receipts 1,886,065,817 14,075,815 109,291,513 117,255,634 152,607,695 393,230,657 429,524,975 283,426,737 1,106,182,3
108 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table A.7

Firms, Establishments, Employment, Annual Payroll, and Estimated Receipts by Firm Size and Industry (Tw

SIC Code), 1995 (Receipts and Payroll in Thousands of Dollars)—Continued

Employment Size of Firm

SIC Industry Data Type Total 0 1-4 5-9 10-19 0-19 20-99 100-499 0-4

5200 Building Materials, Hardware, 

Garden Supply, and Mobile 

Homes

Firms 49,597 3,942 19,977 12,218 7,808 43,945 4,859 594 49,3

Establishments 65,005 3,977 20,035 12,438 8,464 44,914 7,631 3,273 55,8Employment 768,232 0 46,446 80,948 102,040 229,434 157,608 70,971 458,0

Annual Payroll 15,486,370 100,960 763,639 1,430,139 1,968,265 4,263,003 3,438,752 1,624,518 9,326,2

Estimated Receipts 125,179,245 812,349 7,043,990 11,433,420 14,938,582 34,228,341 27,199,751 12,827,017 74,255,1

5300 General Merchandise Stores

Firms 11,334 1,610 5,444 2,083 1,098 10,235 775 158 11,1

Establishments 37,591 1,619 5,478 2,118 1,196 10,411 1,214 879 12,5

Employment 2,497,289 0 11,822 13,628 14,296 39,746 27,001 23,892 90,6

Annual Payroll 35,422,943 31,802 120,779 139,586 153,270 445,437 334,464 304,989 1,084,8Estimated Receipts 296,236,728 415,230 1,345,221 1,333,341 1,358,520 4,452,312 3,220,065 2,946,924 10,619,3

5400 Food Stores

Firms 131,680 16,726 58,163 25,942 16,182 117,013 12,167 1,937 131,1

Establishments 184,509 16,802 58,349 26,369 17,183 118,703 17,100 8,743 144,5

Employment 3,353,859 0 127,701 171,289 213,563 512,553 444,396 283,822 1,240,7

Annual Payroll 47,634,127 327,433 1,297,952 1,626,197 2,086,693 5,338,275 5,047,651 3,697,712 14,083,6

Estimated Receipts 409,855,204 2,938,131 17,667,626 16,824,042 18,915,132 56,344,931 45,460,842 34,029,692 135,835,4

5500 Automotive Dealers and 

Gasoline Service Stations

Firms 142,899 11,597 58,249 30,357 19,273 119,476 20,047 3,013 142,5

Establishments 201,618 11,685 58,530 31,089 21,194 122,498 29,377 14,897 166,7

Employment 2,236,364 0 131,895 200,526 252,551 584,972 803,581 423,821 1,812,3Annual Payroll 52,993,126 473,584 2,038,393 3,216,802 4,567,607 10,296,386 22,164,865 12,471,415 44,932,6

Estimated Receipts 672,747,654 6,250,666 33,673,415 42,605,178 58,087,825 140,617,084 292,490,140 161,131,154 594,238,3
Supplementary Tables 109

5600 Apparel and Accessory Stores

Firms 57,323 6,414 30,419 11,899 5,091 53,823 2,670 502 56,9

Establishments 136,699 6,466 31,340 12,629 6,673 57,108 7,335 7,077 71,5

Employment 1,253,051 0 66,954 76,959 65,540 209,453 91,287 74,467 375,2Annual Payroll 16,502,419 96,835 737,890 904,669 889,329 2,628,723 1,353,714 1,081,935 5,064,3

Estimated Receipts 110,277,911 743,679 6,239,184 7,008,256 7,282,657 21,273,776 10,536,444 7,025,336 38,835,5

5700 Home Furniture, Furnishings,

and Equipment Stores 

Firms 85,422 9,043 42,825 18,842 9,301 80,011 4,597 551 85,1

Establishments 118,503 9,125 43,101 19,496 10,908 82,630 9,172 4,278 96,0

Employment 916,191 0 94,827 122,629 120,191 337,647 150,348 74,629 562,6

Annual Payroll 17,499,138 218,390 1,520,534 2,143,375 2,367,879 6,250,178 3,268,844 1,680,363 11,199,3

Estimated Receipts 124,777,775 1,797,365 13,662,847 16,305,447 16,926,743 48,692,402 23,455,663 10,378,603 82,526,6

5800 Eating and Drinking Places

Firms 354,188 53,026 110,125 67,354 57,149 287,654 59,683 5,872 353,2

Establishments 462,122 53,247 110,419 67,927 58,649 290,242 70,667 27,084 387,9

Employment 7,302,917 0 256,538 451,182 781,155 1,488,875 2,264,651 1,038,890 4,792,4

Annual Payroll 69,302,480 1,592,192 2,307,602 3,500,599 6,155,497 13,555,890 20,080,737 9,524,609 43,161,2Estimated Receipts 237,772,588 5,904,400 13,998,363 15,600,846 23,724,752 59,228,361 70,236,646 30,682,518 160,147,5

5900 Miscellaneous Retail

Firms 272,023 33,402 141,449 56,010 25,734 256,595 12,681 1,819 271,0

Establishments 365,026 33,876 142,239 57,900 29,839 263,854 24,764 12,528 301,1

Employment 2,758,714 0 307,127 364,449 331,627 1,003,203 410,915 218,484 1,632,6

Annual Payroll 45,232,585 587,170 4,076,582 5,147,666 5,128,587 14,940,005 6,857,303 3,875,973 25,673,2

Estimated Receipts 315,884,539 4,211,989 35,744,394 36,354,456 35,024,741 111,335,580 46,910,680 26,016,519 184,262,7

6000 Depository Institutions

Firms 23,905 563 6,979 3,515 3,739 14,796 7,037 1,621 23,4

Establishments 104,759 587 7,058 3,705 4,815 16,165 17,756 14,431 48,3

Employment 2,084,810 0 16,280 23,530 51,944 91,754 304,801 291,849 688,4

Annual Payroll 62,719,944 40,440 297,513 545,815 1,308,853 2,192,621 7,708,440 8,174,111 18,075,1Estimated Receipts 583,965,169 800,410 2,052,116 3,956,512 10,547,135 17,356,173 71,538,066 92,870,722 181,764,9

6100 Nondepository Credit Institutions

Firms 20,486 3,476 9,902 3,093 1,560 18,031 1,435 522 19,9

Establishments 45,871 3,482 9,978 3,230 1,866 18,556 3,053 2,342 23,9Employment 513,112 0 20,784 19,731 20,334 60,849 51,006 47,876 159,7Annual Payroll 19,472,963 171,638 640,575 662,045 722,583 2,196,841 1,904,365 1,798,311 5,899,5

Estimated Receipts 157,591,794 1,021,682 3,924,299 3,516,334 3,726,964 12,189,279 11,999,391 12,443,973 36,632,6
Table A.7

Firms, Establishments, Employment, Annual Payroll, and Estimated Receipts by Firm Size and Industry (Tw

SIC Code), 1995 (Receipts and Payroll in Thousands of Dollars)—Continued

Employment Size of Firm

SIC Industry Data Type Total 0 1-4 5-9 10-19 0-19 20-99 100-499 0-4

6200 Security and Commodity Brokers, 

Dealers, Exchanges, and Services

Firms 23,079 4,043 12,976 2,676 1,414 21,109 1,212 371 22,6

Establishments 41,345 4,046 13,013 2,748 1,565 21,372 1,769 1,113 24,2

Employment 535,278 0 24,572 17,140 18,549 60,261 44,293 46,615 151,1Annual Payroll 46,392,061 392,945 1,188,198 1,221,415 1,624,633 4,427,191 4,253,216 4,446,750 13,127,1

Estimated Receipts 134,882,364 1,167,563 4,297,288 3,233,200 4,486,438 13,184,489 11,273,494 12,749,404 37,207,3

6300 Insurance Carriers

Firms 7,102 955 2,594 1,010 633 5,192 944 456 6,5

Establishments 41,305 958 2,604 1,035 691 5,288 1,251 1,668 8,2

Employment 1,491,594 0 5,551 6,532 8,245 20,328 38,883 79,610 138,8

Annual Payroll 56,417,097 127,778 143,744 185,718 290,545 747,785 1,418,435 2,959,461 5,125,6Estimated Receipts 902,155,883 1,092,795 2,582,132 2,546,565 3,953,752 10,175,244 19,336,865 45,452,265 74,964,3

6400 Insurance Agents, Brokers,

and Service

Firms 115,497 10,426 77,537 16,525 6,390 110,878 3,709 528 115,1

Establishments 125,879 10,444 77,683 16,995 7,603 112,725 6,341 2,283 121,3

Employment 681,634 0 155,561 104,989 83,413 343,963 126,239 62,873 533,0

Annual Payroll 23,068,388 297,286 3,343,063 3,006,999 2,922,190 9,569,538 4,894,895 2,424,431 16,888,8

Estimated Receipts 62,111,210 806,607 13,493,894 8,078,362 7,163,550 29,542,413 11,820,153 5,862,574 47,225,1

6500 Real Estate

Firms 226,123 30,668 140,266 29,452 13,839 214,225 9,160 1,859 225,2

Establishments 246,998 30,781 140,713 30,349 15,687 217,530 14,236 6,626 238,3

Employment 1,416,413 0 261,149 189,294 180,352 630,795 329,771 234,120 1,194,6

Annual Payroll 33,582,985 927,668 5,018,427 4,006,820 4,112,235 14,065,150 7,528,675 5,638,114 27,231,9Estimated Receipts 171,362,951 5,104,434 41,852,987 25,079,583 21,132,582 93,169,586 32,788,441 20,756,959 146,714,9

6700 Holding and Other 

Investment Offices

Firms 21,690 3,424 10,189 1,958 1,255 16,826 1,851 1,386 20,0Establishments 23,322 3,426 10,207 2,002 1,318 16,953 2,068 1,599 20,6

110 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 111

Employment 261,989 0 17,819 12,290 14,847 44,956 39,428 52,399 136,7Annual Payroll 14,229,419 294,514 657,454 581,565 698,925 2,232,458 1,629,839 2,429,344 6,291,6

Estimated Receipts 82,136,236 1,758,084 7,431,631 3,648,769 4,798,349 17,636,833 10,334,826 15,012,186 42,983,8

7000 Hotels, Rooming Houses, Camps, 

and Other Lodging Places

Firms 46,734 7,663 16,784 6,660 6,223 37,330 7,013 1,864 46,2

Establishments 54,794 7,685 16,828 6,757 6,422 37,692 7,903 3,052 48,6Employment 1,601,969 0 34,262 44,304 84,736 163,302 272,335 316,939 752,5Annual Payroll 24,954,293 346,813 452,405 501,401 878,712 2,179,331 3,063,588 4,231,919 9,474,8Estimated Receipts 83,807,976 1,160,274 2,924,974 2,379,917 3,778,443 10,243,608 11,702,044 13,680,786 35,626,4

7200 Personal Services

Firms 173,779 20,550 97,025 32,441 15,422 165,438 7,459 702 173,5

Establishments 203,920 20,636 97,537 33,644 17,907 169,724 14,169 5,332 189,2

Employment 1,297,911 0 202,053 211,046 201,703 614,802 259,332 112,383 986,5Annual Payroll 17,116,688 325,253 2,283,700 2,596,230 2,664,413 7,869,596 3,616,961 1,699,768 13,186,3

Estimated Receipts 49,944,569 956,382 9,459,951 7,897,726 7,294,842 25,608,901 9,340,201 4,481,641 39,430,7

7300 Business Services

Firms 304,677 54,272 141,208 44,714 27,974 268,168 26,542 7,369 302,0

Establishments 356,436 54,364 141,471 45,199 29,321 270,355 32,090 15,347 317,7

Employment 6,951,775 0 279,226 293,140 373,860 946,226 1,056,587 1,335,825 3,338,6

Annual Payroll 164,548,994 2,220,486 7,114,564 7,060,566 9,478,570 25,874,186 26,426,062 27,941,167 80,241,4Estimated Receipts 385,541,262 5,457,826 27,419,833 22,661,430 27,485,035 83,024,124 67,515,967 60,905,375 211,445,4

7500 Automotive Repair, Services, 

and Parking

Firms 159,208 17,896 89,375 31,921 12,956 152,148 6,070 738 158,9

Establishments 182,675 18,027 89,531 32,518 14,249 154,325 9,798 4,338 168,4

Employment 1,023,362 0 193,536 205,330 166,587 565,453 191,918 72,850 830,2Annual Payroll 20,692,801 385,240 3,353,866 4,094,557 3,550,106 11,383,769 3,580,104 1,396,417 16,360,2

Estimated Receipts 85,338,933 1,542,155 16,758,072 14,892,834 12,156,880 45,349,941 13,437,964 6,403,484 65,191,3

7600 Miscellaneous Repair 

Services

Firms 69,338 7,835 40,400 11,844 5,583 65,662 2,923 427 69,0

Establishments 73,909 7,837 40,432 11,951 5,837 66,057 3,603 1,073 70,7Employment 459,551 0 82,031 76,480 72,263 230,774 91,576 37,323 359,6Annual Payroll 11,960,344 152,653 1,443,593 1,596,562 1,806,000 4,998,808 2,590,387 1,163,427 8,752,6

Estimated Receipts 37,921,871 488,112 6,421,015 5,321,114 5,711,165 17,941,406 7,689,199 3,387,905 29,018,5

7800 Motion Pictures

Firms 32,190 5,906 15,002 5,796 3,052 29,756 1,989 293 32,0

Establishments 43,372 5,928 15,114 5,978 3,629 30,649 3,898 1,877 36,4
Table A.7

Firms, Establishments, Employment, Annual Payroll, and Estimated Receipts by Firm Size and Industry (Tw

SIC Code), 1995 (Receipts and Payroll in Thousands of Dollars)—Continued

Employment Size of Firm

SIC Industry Data Type Total 0 1-4 5-9 10-19 0-19 20-99 100-499 0-4

Employment 519,306 0 31,168 37,700 40,272 109,140 69,865 44,422 223,4Annual Payroll 11,575,741 530,384 1,210,819 610,583 715,242 3,067,028 1,376,218 1,271,417 5,714,6

Estimated Receipts 55,357,944 1,992,356 3,521,214 2,454,019 3,461,509 11,429,098 7,512,286 7,639,135 26,580,5

7900 Amusement and Recreation 

Services

Firms 87,961 18,978 33,270 13,265 9,997 75,510 10,453 1,565 87,5

Establishments 93,999 18,996 33,355 13,389 10,250 75,990 11,379 2,610 89,9Employment 1,345,909 0 68,597 87,712 134,837 291,146 409,453 248,926 949,5Annual Payroll 26,169,506 1,148,613 2,167,825 1,411,695 1,850,697 6,578,830 6,399,038 5,990,734 18,968,6

Estimated Receipts 79,800,826 3,429,220 7,574,543 5,542,716 6,833,256 23,379,735 19,150,406 14,445,785 56,975,9

8000 Health Services

Firms 425,349 31,066 207,880 105,391 43,423 387,760 25,479 9,028 422,2

Establishments 481,220 31,156 208,660 107,350 47,407 394,573 34,460 19,801 448,8

Employment 10,991,224 0 474,931 684,463 565,825 1,725,219 1,035,331 1,709,826 4,470,3

Annual Payroll 320,574,983 2,389,167 18,084,042 23,828,919 23,300,035 67,602,163 34,958,573 37,542,546 140,103,2Estimated Receipts 710,123,162 5,361,117 53,857,984 54,935,899 47,329,277 161,484,277 71,252,527 82,698,455 315,435,2

8100 Legal Services

Firms 158,946 14,584 104,556 22,107 10,251 151,498 6,536 798 158,8

Establishments 164,143 14,597 104,665 22,361 10,787 152,410 8,629 2,399 163,4

Employment 961,585 0 197,671 142,678 135,648 475,997 242,692 155,256 873,9Annual Payroll 43,235,318 763,150 5,757,546 4,924,106 5,824,251 17,269,053 12,454,671 8,425,582 38,149,3

Estimated Receipts 110,747,741 1,950,859 21,210,791 13,363,893 13,278,270 49,803,813 27,373,643 20,115,974 97,293,4

8200 Educational Services

Firms 41,106 4,451 13,218 5,740 5,286 28,695 9,240 2,372 40,3

Establishments 46,518 4,454 13,269 5,787 5,422 28,932 10,316 4,801 44,0Employment 2,072,867 0 27,747 38,373 73,380 139,500 388,083 426,220 953,8

Annual Payroll 41,983,623 156,856 509,937 587,557 1,153,102 2,407,452 6,636,677 7,996,094 17,040,2Estimated Receipts 112,282,564 459,828 1,871,385 1,822,806 3,226,116 7,380,135 18,615,929 23,736,027 49,732,0

8300 Social Services

Firms 115,682 10,757 44,090 20,540 17,656 93,043 17,349 4,492 114,8

112 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 113

Establishments 157,675 10,814 44,187 20,744 18,593 94,338 27,410 23,649 145,3

Employment 2,305,161 0 93,368 137,665 240,690 471,723 670,639 730,768 1,873,1Annual Payroll 33,157,507 266,706 1,214,015 1,764,851 3,090,440 6,336,012 9,611,056 10,911,224 26,858,2

Estimated Receipts 86,071,059 702,107 4,400,116 4,865,524 8,042,793 18,010,540 24,358,648 28,750,360 71,119,5

8400 Museums, Art Galleries, and 

Botanical and Zoological Gardens

Firms 3,477 311 1,471 550 398 2,730 581 146 3,4

Establishments 3,816 313 1,476 564 434 2,787 701 282 3,7

Employment 76,760 0 3,082 3,601 5,285 11,968 23,280 28,096 63,3

Annual Payroll 1,511,244 4,557 47,501 55,021 83,431 190,510 414,464 567,903 1,172,8

Estimated Receipts 4,160,533 12,462 172,965 179,713 261,578 626,718 1,162,230 1,476,066 3,265,0

8600 Membership Organizations

Firms 238,430 11,287 131,044 49,886 25,120 217,337 18,894 1,940 238,1

Establishments 243,883 11,294 131,075 49,988 25,456 217,813 20,385 3,895 242,0

Employment 2,158,938 0 281,202 324,405 334,202 939,809 702,527 322,018 1,964,3Annual Payroll 31,316,974 662,836 3,264,266 3,713,358 4,208,001 11,848,461 9,834,792 5,685,446 27,368,6

Estimated Receipts 110,069,459 2,337,695 15,603,874 14,331,231 15,513,605 47,786,405 31,292,810 17,980,920 97,060,1

8700 Engineering, Accounting, 

Research, Management and Related Services

Firms 251,371 38,565 134,249 37,883 20,189 230,886 15,413 3,392 249,6

Establishments 270,759 38,595 134,428 38,286 21,207 232,516 19,523 8,003 260,0

Employment 2,842,736 0 265,397 245,725 266,736 777,858 574,824 480,897 1,833,5

Annual Payroll 110,827,532 1,871,983 8,158,926 8,084,380 9,998,327 28,113,616 22,178,256 16,598,826 66,890,6Estimated Receipts 265,213,896 4,620,455 24,809,706 19,970,062 23,309,074 72,709,297 51,423,372 39,250,177 163,382,8

8900 Services n.e.c.

Firms 13,848 2,741 7,660 1,638 879 12,918 684 130 13,7

Establishments 14,896 2,745 7,684 1,662 955 13,046 949 328 14,3

Employment 100,590 0 13,771 10,685 11,719 36,175 24,226 12,249 72,6Annual Payroll 4,773,891 167,209 674,869 372,676 435,650 1,650,404 932,266 487,038 3,069,7

Estimated Receipts 12,430,287 433,375 1,776,888 979,027 1,110,392 4,299,682 2,436,997 1,262,295 7,998,9

NA = Not Available.n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified.Note: For industry data, a firm is defined as an aggregation of all establishments owned by a parent company within an industry. Establishments are locations with active payroll in any quarter. Employm

March; thus, some firms will have zero employment and some annual payroll.

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, based on data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
114 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table A.8 Employment by Firm Size and Major Industrial Sector, 1988–1995 (Percent)

Number Employment Size of Firm

Industrial Sector Employees 0-4 5-9 10-19

,20 20-99 100-499

,50

Total 1995 100,314,946 5.4 6.4 7.7 19.5 18.4 14.6 52.

1994 96,721,594 5.5 6.5 7.8 19.8 18.3 14.6 52.1993 94,773,913 5.5 6.7 7.9 20.1 18.4 14.6 53.1992 92,825,797 5.6 6.7 8.0 20.2 18.4 14.3 53.1991 92,307,559 5.6 6.7 8.0 20.3 18.6 14.2 53.1990 93,469,275 5.5 6.7 8.1 20.2 18.9 14.5 53.1989 91,626,094 5.5 6.7 8.1 20.3 18.9 14.6 53.1988 87,844,303 5.7 6.9 8.3 20.9 19.2 14.5 54.

Agricultural Services, 1995 630,287 16.5 20.1 20.7 57.3 23.3 8.3 88.

Forestry, and Fishing 1994 586,155 17.0 20.5 20.8 58.3 22.5 8.6 89.

1993 588,556 16.2 19.8 21.1 57.1 24.9 8.8 90

1992 593,811 16.1 19.4 20.4 55.9

N

A

N

A 88

1991 545,156 16.6 20.1 20.3 56.9 23.7 8.8 89

1990 534,125 16.2 19.8 20.0 56.0 23.9 9.5 89

1989 498,774 16.4 19.7 19.6 55.7 23.5 9.4 88

1988 471,827 16.6 19.5 19.3 55.4 22.1 9.5 87

Mining 1995 627,531 3.2 3.6 5.4 12.2 14.6 12.0 38

1994 607,745 3.4 3.8 5.6 12.9 15.0 12.8 40

1993 608,309 3.5 4.0 5.7 13.2 15.4 12.4 40

1992 650,241 3.4 3.7 5.5 12.6 14.8 12.2 39

1991 716,425 3.1 3.7 5.6 12.4 15.3 13.4 41

1990 723,420 3.0 3.6 5.7 12.3 15.4 12.1 39

1989 713,360 3.0 3.7 5.7 12.4 15.5 11.5 39

1988 736,777 3.0 3.7 5.8 12.5 15.8 11.1 39

of
Supplementary Tables 115

Construction 1995 5,040,598 12.8 14.5 16.6 43.9 31.6 13.8 89.

1994 4,710,200 13.2 14.9 16.8 45.0 30.8 13.2 89.1993 4,525,346 13.4 15.2 17.0 45.7 30.7 12.5 88.1992 4,501,728 13.5 15.1 16.8 45.3 30.6 12.7 88.1991 4,680,166 12.9 14.5 16.4 43.7 30.4 13.5 87.1990 5,258,524 11.5 13.8 16.1 41.3 31.6 15.1 88.1989 5,135,544 11.5 13.9 16.4 41.7 31.9 14.8 88.1988 4,995,795 11.5 14.0 16.5 42.0 31.7 14.8 88.

Manufacturing 1995 18,611,108 1.2 2.2 3.8 7.2 14.7 16.5 38.

1994 18,098,698 1.3 2.2 3.9 7.4 14.7 16.5 38.1993 18,183,981 1.3 2.2 3.9 7.4 14.6 16.5 38.1992 18,166,798 1.3 2.3 3.9 7.4 14.6 16.2 38.1991 18,390,674 1.2 2.2 3.9 7.2 14.4 15.9 37.1990 19,167,922 1.1 2.1 3.8 7.1 14.5 16.1 37.1989 19,534,078 1.1 2.1 3.7 6.9 14.4 16.2 37.1988 19,234,894 1.1 2.1 3.7 6.9 14.5 16.1 37.

Transportation, 1995 5,924,706 3.4 3.8 5.1 12.2 13.5 10.6 36.

Communications, and 1994 5,713,841 3.3 3.8 5.1 12.2 13.5 10.4 36.

Public Utilities 1993 5,621,889 3.3 3.8 5.1 12.2 13.4 10.2 35.

1992 5,520,912 3.2 3.7 5.0 12.0 13.3 10.2 35.1991 5,590,526 3.1 3.7 5.0 11.7 13.0 9.7 34.1990 5,594,752 3.0 3.7 5.1 11.9 13.6 9.9 35.1989 5,438,191 3.0 3.8 5.3 12.1 13.6 9.9 35.1988 5,293,212 3.1 3.8 5.3 12.2 13.4 9.8 35.

Wholesale Trade 1995 6,606,534 5.6 7.8 11.1 24.5 26.3 16.3 67.

1994 6,366,549 5.7 8.1 11.5 25.3 26.4 15.9 67.1993 6,258,484 5.8 8.3 11.7 25.8 26.4 15.4 61.1992 6,095,217 5.7 8.2 11.5 25.4 25.8 15.5 66.1991 6,225,619 5.5 8.1 11.5 25.1 26.4 15.2 66.1990 6,332,437 5.3 7.9 11.5 24.7 26.8 15.4 66.
Table A.8 Employment by Firm Size and Major Industrial Sector, 1988–1995 (Percent)—Continued

Number Employment Size of Firm

Industrial Sector Employees 0-4 5-9 10-19 ,20 20-99 100-499 ,50

1989 6,192,885 5.3 8.1 11.7 25.2 27.0 15.6 67.

1988 5,994,021 5.5 8.4 12.0 25.9 27.2 15.3 68.

Retail Trade 1995 21,086,617 4.9 7.0 8.9 20.9 20.6 10.5 52.

1994 20,322,081 5.1 7.2 9.1 21.5 20.6 10.5 52.

1993 19,778,588 5.3 7.5 9.4 22.1 20.9 10.6 53.

1992 19,681,419 5.4 7.6 9.6 22.5 21.0 10.5 54.

1991 19,626,546 5.5 7.6 9.6 22.7 21.1 10.4 54.

1990 19,861,604 5.3 7.6 9.7 22.7 21.5 10.7 54.

1989 19,478,857 5.4 7.7 9.8 22.9 21.8 10.9 55.

1988 18,867,211 5.6 7.9 9.9 23.5 21.9 10.9 56.

Finance, Insurance, 1995 6,984,830 7.2 5.3 5.4 17.9 13.4 11.7 43.

and Real Estate 1994 6,991,421 7.0 5.3 5.4 17.8 13.4 11.9 43.

1993 6,891,117 7.1 5.4 5.5 18.0 13.8 12.2 43.

1992 6,904,478 6.9 5.2 5.4 17.4 13.4 12.1 42.

1991 6,862,377 6.8 5.2 5.3 17.3 13.4 12.1 42.

1990 6,983,931 6.8 5.3 5.6 17.8 14.1 12.4 44.

1989 6,819,379 6.8 5.3 5.7 17.8 14.2 12.3 44.

1988 6,662,355 6.9 5.3 5.7 18.0 14.3 12.4 44.

Services 1995 34,709,644 6.5 7.3 7.8 21.6 17.3 17.4 56.

1994 33,255,911 6.7 7.5 7.9 22.1 17.3 17.5 57.

1993 32,262,429 6.8 7.7 8.1 22.5 17.5 17.5 57.

1992 30,655,625 7.0 7.9 8.2 23.1 17.8 17.2 58.

1991 29,623,508 7.2 8.1 8.4 23.7 18.2 17.2 59.

1990 28,880,444 7.3 8.2 8.6 24.0 18.3 17.3 59.

116The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition of
Supplementary Tables 117

1989 27,535,086 7.5 8.3 8.7 24.5 18.1 17.5 60.1988 25,252,106 8.0 8.8 9.0 25.9 18.8 17.6 62.

NA=Not available.Notes: Industries do not add to totals because of unclassifiable establishments and firms that have establishments in more than one major industry.

Source: Adapted by the U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data provided under contract by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau 
Table A.9 Nonfarm Private Firms by Firm Size and Major Industrial Sector, 1988–1995

Number Employment Size of Firm

Industrial Sector Firms 0-4 5-9 10-19

,20 20-99 100-499

,500 

Total 1995 5,369,068 3,249,573 981,094 576,866 4,807,533 469,869 76,222 5,353,62

1994 5,276,964 3,208,235 964,985 563,097 4,736,317 452,383 73,267 5,261,961993 5,193,642 3,139,518 962,481 559,602 4,661,601 445,900 71,512 5,179,011992 5,095,356 3,075,280 945,802 551,912 4,572,994 439,084 69,156 5,081,231991 5,051,025 3,036,304 941,296 551,299 4,528,899 439,811 68,338 5,037,041990 5,073,795 3,020,935 952,030 562,610 4,535,575 453,732 70,465 5,059,771989 5,021,315 3,003,224 937,202 553,449 4,493,875 443,959 69,608 5,007,441988 4,954,645 2,979,905 923,580 540,988 4,444,473 430,640 66,708 4,941,82

Agricultural Services, 1995 107,253 73,153 19,279 9,950 102,382 4,347 387 107,11Forestry, and Fishing 1994 103,114 71,150 18,283 9,308 98,741 3,869 379 102,98

1993 99,397 67,399 17,705 9,489 94,593 4,308 368 99,261992 96,211 64,796 17,485 9,272 91,553 4,168 360 96,081991 91,743 62,340 16,690 8,417 87,447 3,804 362 91,611990 87,939 59,421 16,173 8,098 83,692 3,745 372 87,801989 83,431 57,011 15,019 7,473 79,503 3,449 357 83,301988 78,324 53,786 14,047 6,940 74,773 3,078 353 78,20

Mining 1995 21,585 12,303 3,392 2,483 18,178 2,469 536 21,18

1994 22,234 12,724 3,496 2,530 18,750 2,507 564 21,821993 22,486 12,763 3,685 2,554 19,002 2,526 543 22,071992 22,953 13,032 3,678 2,651 19,361 2,612 571 22,541991 24,285 13,214 4,051 2,973 20,238 2,963 668 23,861990 24,309 13,250 3,925 3,058 20,233 3,015 629 23,871989 24,365 13,308 3,994 3,005 20,307 3,013 613 23,931988 25,035 13,545 4,100 3,174 20,819 3,156 628 24,60

118 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition of
Supplementary Tables 119

Construction 1995 630,206 407,482 111,486 62,817 581,785 43,442 4,316 629,54

1994 615,537 403,988 107,558 59,596 571,142 39,813 3,950 614,901993 594,187 388,468 105,170 57,958 551,596 38,318 3,627 593,541992 584,453 381,755 103,810 56,935 542,500 37,686 3,624 583,811991 582,344 377,827 103,475 57,491 538,793 38,889 3,969 581,651990 597,272 372,677 110,619 63,297 546,593 45,030 4,885 596,501989 589,025 367,479 108,634 63,166 539,279 44,246 4,704 588,221988 572,317 355,556 106,921 61,577 524,054 42,822 4,661 571,53

Manufacturing 1995 330,310 129,596 60,411 52,331 242,338 66,235 16,821 325,39

1994 327,805 130,636 60,124 51,459 242,219 64,497 16,348 323,061993 328,167 129,461 60,944 52,060 242,465 64,607 16,430 323,501992 328,201 129,370 61,180 52,104 242,654 64,721 16,246 323,621991 322,018 125,369 59,552 52,018 236,939 64,460 16,052 317,451990 327,036 124,543 60,470 53,158 238,171 67,301 16,870 322,341989 324,139 121,318 59,761 53,121 234,200 67,910 17,251 319,361988 320,408 119,421 59,060 52,871 231,352 67,425 16,969 315,74

Transportation, 1995 208,967 126,002 34,153 22,512 182,667 20,714 3,931 207,31Communications and 1994 200,937 120,938 32,845 21,688 175,471 20,071 3,755 199,29Public Utilities 1993 193,203 114,351 32,399 21,460 168,210 19,708 3,663 191,58

1992 184,889 108,287 31,396 20,760 160,443 19,250 3,591 183,281991 181,524 105,518 31,184 20,720 157,422 19,090 3,427 179,931990 180,900 102,820 31,795 21,257 155,872 19,943 3,465 179,281989 178,280 101,404 31,197 21,248 153,849 19,439 3,426 176,711988 173,108 97,992 30,644 20,779 149,415 18,790 3,364 171,56

Wholesale Trade 1995 405,435 213,446 77,659 54,824 345,929 47,849 8,321 402,09

1994 400,375 209,957 77,767 54,645 342,369 46,614 8,105 397,081993 397,233 206,574 78,616 54,872 340,062 46,051 7,909 394,021992 380,328 197,541 75,451 52,454 325,446 43,986 7,788 377,221991 377,669 191,665 76,182 53,598 321,445 45,385 7,727 374,551990 374,283 186,019 75,610 54,588 316,217 46,849 8,007 371,07
Table A.9 Nonfarm Private Firms by Firm Size and Major Industrial Sector, 1988–1995—Continued

Number Employment Size of Firm

Industrial Sector Firms 0-4 5-9 10-19 ,20 20-99 100-499 ,500 

1989 370,674 182,377 76,210 54,350 312,937 46,491 8,041 367,46

1988 368,169 181,502 76,046 54,098 311,646 45,556 7,809 365,01

Retail Trade 1995 1,099,619 602,227 224,415 141,039 967,681 115,689 13,305 1,096,67

1994 1,093,640 604,312 222,507 138,531 965,350 112,528 12,879 1,090,75

1993 1,090,076 600,157 224,416 139,000 963,573 111,069 12,618 1,087,26

1992 1,089,071 593,938 226,503 141,663 962,104 111,575 12,511 1,086,19

1991 1,104,036 608,654 227,132 141,968 977,754 111,278 12,208 1,101,24

1990 1,109,703 605,787 229,751 144,174 979,712 114,275 12,855 1,106,84

1989 1,104,567 605,002 228,137 142,484 975,623 113,210 12,921 1,101,75

1988 1,094,188 600,339 227,277 140,412 968,028 110,832 12,591 1,091,45

Finance, Insurance, 1995 433,790 313,947 58,121 28,623 400,691 24,395 5,716 430,80

and Real Estate 1994 426,951 306,757 58,100 28,625 393,482 24,637 5,853 423,97

1993 426,778 305,887 58,210 28,828 392,925 24,895 5,936 423,75

1992 411,466 294,004 55,783 28,069 377,856 24,607 5,930 408,39

1991 409,863 294,303 55,029 27,554 376,886 24,370 5,693 406,94

1990 419,963 298,358 57,674 29,544 385,576 25,866 5,760 417,20

1989 409,605 290,422 56,179 29,043 375,644 25,513 5,695 406,85

1988 402,849 285,673 55,081 28,734 369,488 25,040 5,678 400,20

Services 1995 2,114,127 1,323,988 390,192 204,005 1,918,185 154,867 32,610 2,105,66

1994 2,074,177 1,303,302 383,055 198,951 1,885,308 148,931 31,585 2,065,82

1993 2,030,895 1,269,345 380,465 195,986 1,845,796 146,082 30,857 2,022,73

1992 1,963,563 1,214,230 370,129 190,564 1,784,923 141,871 29,047 1,955,84

1991 1,962,388 1,231,750 367,892 188,502 1,788,144 138,911 27,902 1,954,95

1990 1,921,767 1,200,505 363,345 186,433 1,750,283 136,760 27,386 1,914,42

120The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition of
Supplementary Tables 121

1989 1,872,348 1,175,756 353,313 179,813 1,708,882 129,805 26,499 1,865,181988 1,834,660 1,163,501 344,196 172,228 1,679,925 123,465 24,828 1,828,21

Notes: Industries do not add to totals because of unclassifiable establishments and firms that have establishments in more than one major ind

Source: Adapted by the U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data provided under contract by the U.S. Department 

Bureau of the Census.
Table A.10

Average Employment per Firm by Major Industry and Firm Size, 1988 and 1994

Employment Size of Firm

1988 1994 Change

Total ,20 ,500 500+ Total ,20 ,500 500+ Total ,20 ,5

Total, All Industries 17.7 4.1 9.7 3,116.7 18.3 4.1 9.7 3,048.2 0.60 –0.08 0Agricultural Services, Forestry, 

and Fishing 6.0 3.5 5.2 511.1 5.7 3.5 5.1 500.1 –0.34 –0.04 –0

Mining 29.4 4.4 11.8 1,033.5 27.3 4.2 11.3 873.0 –2.10 –0.26 –0

Construction 8.7 4.0 7.7 736.6 7.7 3.7 6.8 821.0 –1.08 –0.29 –0Manufacturing 60.0 5.7 22.8 2,582.8 55.2 5.5 21.6 2,346.8 –4.82 –0.23 –1

Transportation, Communications, 

and Public Utilities 30.6 4.3 10.9 2,221.8 28.4 4.0 10.3 2,226.8 –2.14 –0.35 –0

Wholesale Trade 16.3 5.0 11.2 599.8 15.9 4.7 10.8 628.9 –0.38 –0.28 –0Retail Trade 17.2 4.6 9.7 3,012.4 18.6 4.5 9.8 3,343.2 1.34 –0.06 0

Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 16.5 3.2 7.4 1,394.0 16.4 3.2 7.1 1,334.9 –0.16 –0.09 –0

Services 13.8 3.9 8.6 1,473.9 16.0 3.9 9.2 1,713.3 2.27 0.01 0

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from firm data provided under contract by the U.S. Department of Comm

the Census.

122 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 123

United States 6,105,470 6,190,907 1.4

Region I

Connecticut 93,135 92,941 -0.2

Maine 34,431 34,662 0.7

Massachusetts 153,829 158,096 2.8

New Hampshire 34,584 35,575 2.9

Rhode Island 30,430 30,816 1.3 Vermont 19,681 19,742 0.3

Region II

New Jersey 209,145 214,648 2.6

New York 488,360 445,277 -8.8

Region III

Delaware 21,554 22,739 5.5

District of Columbia 24,161 23,409 -3.1

Maryland 122,202 121,932 -0.2 Pennsylvania 236,746 236,276 -0.2 Virginia 147,710 149,916 1.5 West Virginia 37,900 38,253 0.9

Region IV

Alabama 83,038 85,797 3.3

Florida 343,017 348,339 1.6

Georgia 160,715 169,367 5.4 Kentucky 76,970 78,044 1.4

Mississippi 49,089 49,916 1.7

North Carolina 149,462 154,759 3.5

South Carolina 77,822 80,353 3.3 Tennessee 104,633 106,644 1.9

Region V

Illinois 265,927 266,358 0.2

Indiana 119,805 121,801 1.7

Michigan 203,374 204,323 0.5

Minnesota 112,477 124,514 10.7

Ohio 223,751 225,489 0.8 Wisconsin 115,278 116,965 1.5

Region VI

Arkansas 56,649 57,808 2.0

Louisiana 87,371 88,027 0.8

New Mexico 38,640 39,969 3.4

Oklahoma 70,722 71,627 1.3 Texas 360,735 368,663 2.2
Region VII

Iowa 66,350 66,971 0.9

Kansas 63,374 64,074 1.1

Missouri 123,007 117,612 -4.4

Nebraska 42,332 42,878 1.3

Region VIII

Colorado 109,695 114,521 4.4

Montana 27,499 28,749 4.5

North Dakota 18,467 18,667 1.1

South Dakota 20,905 21,196 1.4

Utah 42,358 45,281 6.9

Wyoming 17,219 17,601 2.2

Region IX

Arizona 91,244 93,837 2.8

California 764,169 800,091 4.7

Hawaii 26,775 26,974 0.7

Nevada 34,951 37,122 6.2

Region X

Alaska 15,214 15,631 2.7

Idaho 33,326 34,626 3.9

Oregon 92,717 94,384 1.8

Washington 162,525 167,647 3.2

Notes: Calculated from new and successor firms, and business terminations. Firms represent

a summation of establishments owned by a parent company within a state. This results in a total

that includes double counting of firms located in more than one state.

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data provided by the

U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration.

124 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 125

Table A.12 New Firms and New Incorporations by SBA Region and State, 1995 and 1996

New Firms New Business Incorporatio

Percent Perce

1995 1996 Change Rank 1995 1996 Chan

United States 819,477 842,357 2.8 768,180 790,569 2

Region I 40,328 41,116 2.0 28,582 27,646

23

Connecticut 9,395 9,457 0.7 35 4,830 4,701

22

Maine 4,476 4,461

20.3 39 2,805 2,873 2

Massachusetts 16,040 16,635 3.7 20 13,479 12,808

25

New Hampshire 4,988 4,961

20.5 40 3,095 3,070

20

Rhode Island 3,290 3,416 3.8 18 2,743 2,619

24

Vermont 2,139 2,186 2.2 29 1,630 1,575

23

Region II 81,726 84,086 2.9 110,294 109,283

20

New Jersey 27,106 27,315 0.8 34 37,861 35,417

26

New York 54,620 56,771 3.9 16 72,433 73,866 2

Region III 72,169 72,043

20.2 110,646 116,137 5

Dela

ware 2,783 3,461 24.4 2 50,094 55,122 10

District of Columbia 3,250 4,087 25.8 1 2,256 1,497

233

Maryland 18,458 13,895

224.7 51 18,014 18,632 3

Pennsylvania 23,820 25,433 6.8 13 18,575 19,459 4

Virginia 19,433 20,960 7.9 12 19,172 19,047

20

West Virginia 4,425 4,207

24.9 47 2,535 2,380

26

Region IV 150,807 150,918 0.1 177,002 185,744 4

Alabama 9,140 10,965 20.0 5 7,686 7,686 0

Florida 54,006 49,870

27.7 48 98,066 104,113 6

Georgia 24,478 26,440 8.0 11 26,990 26,902

20

Kentucky 9,078 9,133 0.6 36 7,764 8,060 3

Mississippi 6,185 6,180

20.1 38 4,680 5,288 13

North Carolina 21,650 21,857 1.0 33 16,021 17,861 11South Carolina 10,447 10,856 3.9 17 7,601 8,049 5

Tennessee 15,823 15,617

21.3 44 8,194 7,785

25

Region V 120,286 118,829

21.2 120,080 122,189 1

Illinois 30,393 28,064

27.7 49 34,495 36,210 5

Indiana 14,355 14,260

20.7 41 12,451 12,282

21

Michigan 23,972 24,387 1.7 31 31,254 31,994 2

Minnesota 12,178 13,557 11.3 8 12,203 12,639 3

Ohio 27,046 25,795

24.6 46 20,859 20,517

21

Wisconsin 12,342 12,766 3.4 22 8,818 8,547

23
126 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table A.12 New Firms and New Incorporations by SBA Region and State, 1995 and 1996—Continued

New Firms New Business Incorporatio

Percent Perce

1995 1996 Change Rank 1995 1996 Chan

Region VI 83,357 85,440 2.5 66,882 67,726 1

Arkansas 7,042 7,344 4.3 15 6,298 6,010

24

Louisiana 9,817 10,087 2.8 26 11,082 11,531 4

New Mexico 4,837 4,975 2.9 25 3,584 3,042

215

Oklahoma 8,790 9,003 2.4 27 7,796 8,105 4

Texas 52,871 54,031 2.2 30 38,122 39,038 2

Region VII 32,533 31,415

23.4 24,503 22,963

26

Io

wa 6,103 6,014

21.5 45 5,925 4,589

222

Kansas 7,600 6,693

211.9 50 4,475 4,376

22

Missouri 14,935 14,763

21.2 42 10,743 10,545

21

Nebraska 3,895 3,945 1.3 32 3,360 3,453 2

Region VIII 36,541 39,762 8.8 27,574 29,843 8

Colorado 19,703 20,317 3.1 23 15,309 16,749 9

Montana 3,377 4,144 22.7 3 1,767 2,325 31North Dakota 1,631 1,668 2.3 28 1,021 925

29

South Dakota 1,858 1,835

21.2 43 1,401 1,382

21

Utah 7,742 9,433 21.8 4 5,917 6,295 6Wyoming 2,230 2,365 6.1 14 2,159 2,167 0

Region IX 150,143 164,681 9.7 75,497 83,210 10

Arizona 12,044 13,920 15.6 6 10,866 12,153 11

California 127,074 138,726 9.2 9 41,913 44,043 5

Ha

waii 3,874 3,992 3.0 24 3,792 3,792 0

Nevada 7,151 8,043 12.5 7 18,926 23,222 22

Region X 51,587 54,067 4.8 27,120 25,828

24

Alaska 2,521 2,535 0.6 37 1,428 1,103

222

Idaho 5,053 5,242 3.7 19 2,622 2,504

24

Oregon 13,770 14,995 8.9 10 9,730 9,267

24

Washington 30,243 31,295 3.5 21 13,340 12,954

22

Notes: New firms are firms that plan to begin to hire employees. New business incorporations are firms that are either beginning as a corporation or converting f

prietorship or partnership.

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data provided by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration 

and Dun & Bradstreet Corporation for new business incorporations.
Supplementary Tables 127

Table A.13 Business Dissolutions by SBA Region and State, 1995 and 1996

Business Terminations Business Bankruptcies Business Fai

Percent Percent 

1995 1996 Change Rank 1995 1996 Change Rank 1995 1996 

United States 863,699 849,839 –1.6 50,516 53,214 5.3 71,128 71,811 

Region I 45,318 43,441 –4.1 2,016 1,953 –3.1 3,395 3,055 

Connecticut 11,619 12,598 8.4 16 205 230 12.2 18 485 534 

Maine 4,676 4,529 –3.1 40 274 267 –2.6 37 317 299 

Massachusetts 15,417 14,702 –4.6 42 1,116 1,041 –6.7 44 1,927 1,607 

New Hampshire 5,044 5,141 1.9 31 92 92 0.0 33 389 374 

Rhode Island 5,985 3,595 –39.9 50 162 181 11.7 19 129 134 

Vermont 2,577 2,876 11.6 13 167 142 –15.0 49 148 107 

Region II 82,480 81,538 –1.1 4,569 4,331 –5.2 7,839 7,382 

New Jersey 25,667 25,898 0.9 33 1,195 1,068 –10.6 47 2,779 2,451 

New York 56,813 55,640 –2.1 38 3,374 3,263 –3.3 41 5,060 4,931 

Region III 73,617 86,857 18.0 5,215 5,363 2.8 6,760 6,065 

Dela

ware 3,193 2,528 –20.8 47 277 239 –13.7 48 45 49 

District of Columbia 3,302 5,695 72.5 1 100 119 19.0 11 155 123 

Maryland 16,256 20,147 23.9 7 1,493 1,468 –1.7 36 1,804 1,620 

Pennsylvania 27,254 31,180 14.4 10 1,770 1,870 5.6 26 2,756 2,915 

Virginia 18,493 22,558 22.0 8 1,261 1,342 6.4 24 1,713 1,064 

West Virginia 5,119 4,749 –7.2 46 314 325 3.5 28 287 294 

Region IV 152,656 161,099 5.5 6,009 7,358 22.4 8,266 8,068 

Alabama 10,968 11,458 4.5 23 796 772 –3.0 39 547 538 

Florida 52,467 54,191 3.3 28 1,949 2,026 4.0 27 2,904 2,655 

Georgia 23,161 24,441 5.5 21 496 1,801 263.1 1 1,481 1,308 

Kentucky 9,307 9,359 0.6 34 473 431 –8.9 45 659 638 

Mississippi 7,077 11,532 63.0 2 283 281 –0.7 35 232 184 

North Carolina 23,389 23,112 –1.2 36 726 703 –3.2 40 962 1,041 

South Carolina 10,391 10,815 4.1 25 337 259 –23.1 51 490 375 

Tennessee 15,896 16,191 1.9 32 949 1,085 14.3 17 991 1,329 

Region V 118,332 134,818 13.9 7,558 8,100 7.2 8,359 8,760 

Illinois 30,260 34,400 13.7 11 1,624 1,806 11.2 20 1,696 2,557 

Indiana 14,129 14,838 5.0 22 842 756 –10.2 46 798 843 

Michigan 20,340 26,059 28.1 5 1,072 1,072 0.0 33 1,681 1,558 

Minnesota 12,458 19,067 53.1 4 1,901 2,251 18.4 12 903 593 

Ohio 28,091 26,330 –6.3 44 1,052 1,065 1.2 31 2,141 2,274 
128 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table A.13 Business Dissolutions by SBA Region and State, 1995 and 1996—Continued

Business Terminations Business Bankruptcies Business Fai

Percent Percent 

1995 1996 Change Rank 1995 1996 Change Rank 1995 1996 

Wisconsin 13,054 14,124 8.2 17 1,067 1,150 7.8 23 1,140 935 

Region VI 86,109 91,839 6.7 5,662 6,354 12.2 9,061 9,347 

Arkansas 4,872 7,719 58.4 3 422 486 15.2 15 737 1,003 

Louisiana 11,347 13,634 20.2 9 562 621 10.5 21 456 271 

New Mexico 5,240 5,838 11.4 14 322 391 21.4 10 405 428 

Oklahoma 8,623 8,897 3.2 29 946 1,388 46.7 2 1,311 1,559 

Texas 56,027 55,751 –0.5 35 3,410 3,468 1.7 30 6,152 6,086 

Region VII 38,322 27,329 –28.7 1,708 1,934 13.2 2,952 2,986 

Io

wa 7,702 7,507 –2.5 39 556 574 3.2 29 573 453 

Kansas 8,387 7,860 –6.3 45 419 421 0.5 32 947 1,089 

Missouri 17,588 7,159 –59.3 51 521 663 27.3 7 1,109 1,054 

Nebraska 4,645 4,803 3.4 27 212 276 30.2 3 323 390 

Region VIII 36,793 30,851 –16.1 1,422 1,763 24.0 2,365 3,157 

Colorado 17,933 10,953 –38.9 49 610 779 27.7 6 1,481 2,243 

Montana 4,066 4,324 6.3 20 171 219 28.1 5 152 179 

North Dakota 2,045 1,968 –3.8 41 118 152 28.8 4 98 80 

South Dakota 2,360 2,433 3.1 30 172 216 25.6 8 182 158 

Utah 7,654 8,243 7.7 18 242 294 21.5 9 344 378 

Wyoming 2,735 2,930 7.1 19 109 103 –5.5 43 108 119 

Region IX 178,812 135,591 –24.2 13,691 13,245 –3.3 18,440 18,753 

Arizona 15,431 17,157 11.2 15 1,045 881 –15.7 50 1,410 1,012 

California 152,945 107,936 –29.4 48 12,097 11,748 –2.9 38 16,307 16,871 

Ha

waii 3,953 3,746 –5.2 43 159 187 17.6 14 270 396 

Nevada 6,483 6,752 4.1 24 390 429 10.0 22 453 474 

Region X 51,260 56,476 10.2 2,666 2,813 5.5 3,691 4,238 

Alaska 2,530 2,492 –1.5 37 159 183 15.1 16 124 182 

Idaho 4,861 5,431 11.7 12 391 460 17.6 13 388 535 

Oregon 13,022 16,569 27.2 6 781 751 –3.8 42 795 834 

Washington 30,847 31,984 3.7 26 1,335 1,419 6.3 25 2,384 2,687 

Notes: Business terminations are business closings (state unemployment insurance data). Business failures are business closings with a financial loss to one o

Business bankruptcies are firms that file for bankruptcy with the U.S. court system.

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data provided by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration

minations; Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, Statistical Analysis and Reports Division, for business bankruptcies; and the Dun & Bradstreet Corporation for busi
Supplementary Tables 129

2 23.7 25.4 29.9 8.3 6.0

4 52.7 59.2 64.8 19.6 13.1

6 62.2 61.6 74.0 23.5 21.1

8 70.9 72.5 81.5 46.5 30.0

10* 79.0 — 90.5 59.1 37.6

*Estimated using log linear regression models.

Note: Firms were traced beginning in 1976 and observed, if available, every other year beginning in 1978 and ending in 1990. Business dissolution includes businesses that disappear for

any reason at all, including failure, bankruptcy, owner retirement, owner health, or the desire to

enter a more profitable endeavor. It has been estimated that about 15 percent of business dissolutions represent actual failures.

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, Small Business Data Base,

1978–1990 USEEM file.
Table A.15 Establishment and Employment Changes from Firm Births, Deaths, Expansions, and Contractions 1994–

Employment Size of Firm (1994)

Data Type Total 1-4 5-9 10-19 20-99 100-499 500+ Establishments

Establishments in 1994 5,770,090 2,518,825 980,828 607,104 627,603 278,039 757,69

Changes Due to Establishment:

Employment Expansions 1,769,311 584,948 323,178 232,967 262,375 110,656 255,18

Employment Contractions 1,472,703 338,518 332,602 229,374 225,669 90,766 255,77

Births, New Firms (Original Locations) 594,369 447,091 84,782 37,023 22,741 2,482 25

Births, Existing Firms (Secondary Locations) 101,288 499 593 1,127 7,851 17,106 74,11

Deaths, Original Locations –497,246 –370,769 –68,630 –33,042 –21,759 –2,674 –37

Deaths, Secondary Locations –90,091 –1,831 –2,364 –4,039 –11,973 –13,429 –56,45

Establishments in 1995 5,878,410 2,593,815 995,209 608,173 624,463 281,524 775,22

Change 108,320 74,990 14,381 1,069 -3,140 3,485 17,53

Net Change (Percent) 1.9 3.0 1.5 0.2 -0.5 1.3 2

Due to Births 12.1 17.8 8.7 6.3 4.9 7.0 9

Due to Deaths –10.2 –14.8 –7.2 –6.1 –5.4 –5.8 –7

Employment in Establishments

Employment in Establishments in 1994 96,687,346 5,311,360 6,325,466 7,537,382 17,685,901 14,113,903 45,713,33

Changes Due to Establishment:

Employment Expansions 10,593,050 1,302,175 936,448 985,529 2,068,486 1,497,688 3,802,72

Employment Contractions –8,234,378 –428,175 –675,598 –746,936 –1,543,133 –1,228,192 –3,612,34

Births, New Firms (Original Locations) 3,322,001 803,500 544,323 488,330 823,180 390,123 272,54

Births, Existing Firms (Secondary Locations) 2,441,599 2,426 3,178 6,184 86,909 308,682 2,034,22

Deaths, Original Locations –2,822,627 –648,100 –441,102 –427,350 –747,930 –369,105 –189,04

Deaths, Secondary Locations –1,708,078 –2,879 –6,673 –17,497 –111,095 –240,091 –1,329,84

130 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 131

Employment in Establishments in 1995 100,278,913 6,340,307 6,686,042 7,825,642 18,262,318 14,473,008 46,691,59

Change 3,591,567 1,028,947 360,576 288,260 576,417 359,105 978,26

Net Change (Percent) 3.7 19.4 5.7 3.8 3.3 2.5 2

Due to Births 6.0 15.2 8.7 6.6 5.1 5.0 5

Due to Deaths –4.7 –12.3 –7.1 –5.9 –4.9 –4.3 –3

Due to Employment Expansions 11.0 24.5 14.8 13.1 11.7 10.6 8

Due to Employment Contractions –8.5 –8.1 –10.7 –9.9 –8.7 –8.7 –7

Notes: Represents activity from March 1994 to March 1995. Longitudinal data for private establishments active (having payroll) in the first quarter of the year. Establishments 

ment in the first quarter were excluded. New firm births are classified by their employment size at the first quarter. Continuing firms are establishments that began before the period 

at the end of the period (ownership changes are considered continuing firms).

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
Table A.16

Firms and Employment Changes from New Firms, Firm Deaths, and Continuing Firms by 

Major Industry, 1992–1993

New Firms (Original Locations) Deaths (Original Locations) Continuing Firms* Total N

Industry Total ,500 500+ Total ,500 500+ Total ,500 500+ Total Firms

Total, All Industries 564,504 564,093 411 –492,651 –492,266 –385 3,957,832 3,943,614 14,218 71,853 7

Manufacturing 29,055 29,001 54 –28,048 –27,976 –72 269,440 264,829 4,611 1,007 

Transportation, Communications 

and Public Utilities 25,011 25,000 11 –20,235 –20,217 –18 141,287 139,676 1,611 4,776 

Wholesale Trade 37,260 37,255 5 –34,031 –34,012 –19 319,875 316,669 3,206 3,229 

Retail Trade 120,430 120,411 19 –117,095 –117,047 –48 835,800 833,003 2,797 3,335 

Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 45,900 45,867 33 –39,562 –39,502 –60 326,486 323,497 2,989 6,338 

Services 202,324 202,043 281 –166,402 –166,246 –156 NA NA NA 35,922 3

Agricultural Services, Mining, 

Construction, and Unclassified 104,524 104,516 8 –87,278 –87,266 –12 504,170 502,989 1,181 17,246 1

Employment Changes

Total, All Industries 3,438,106 3,053,765 384,341 –2,906,260 –2,697,656 –208,604 1,416,407 1,431,127 –14,720 1,948,253 1,78Manufacturing 289,092 260,029 29,063 –306,517 –279,666 –26,851 51,240 196,526 –145,286 33,815 17

Transportation, Communications 

and Public Utilities 133,840 126,877 6,963 –125,356 –120,537 –4,819 76,131 83,649 –7,518 84,615 8

Wholesale Trade 159,574 156,809 2,765 –189,957 –182,472 –7,485 71,737 91,351 –19,614 41,354 6

Retail Trade 764,928 756,550 8,378 –687,597 –678,873 –8,724 236,273 92,887 143,386 313,604 17

Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 197,651 182,839 14,812 –208,558 –176,916 –31,642 –28,555 94,977 –123,532 –39,462 10

Services 1,498,521 1,180,223 318,298 –989,357 –877,341 –112,016 973,134 769,309 203,825 1,482,298 1,07

Agricultural Services, Mining,

Construction, and Unclassified 394,500 390,438 4,062 –398,918 –381,851 –17,067 36,447 102,428 –65,981 32,029 11

Percent of Total Firms

Total, All Industries 100.0 99.9 0.1 100.0 99.9 0.1 100.0 99.6 0.4 100.0 

Manufacturing 5.1 5.1 0.0 5.7 5.7 0.0 6.8 6.7 0.1 1.4 

Transportation, Communications 

and Public Utilities 4.4 4.4 0.0 4.1 4.1 0.0 3.6 3.5 0.0 6.6 

Wholesale Trade 6.6 6.6 0.0 6.9 6.9 0.0 8.1 8.0 0.1 4.5 

132 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 133

Retail Trade 21.3 21.3 0.0 23.8 23.8 0.0 21.1 21.0 0.1 4.6 

Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 8.1 8.1 0.0 8.0 8.0 0.0 8.2 8.2 0.1 8.8 

Services 35.8 35.8 0.0 33.8 33.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 

Agricultural Services, Mining,

Construction, and Unclassified 18.5 18.5 0.0 17.7 17.7 0.0 12.7 12.7 0.0 24.0 

Percent of Total Employment Changes

Total, All Industries 100.0 88.8 11.2 100.0 92.8 7.2 100.0 101.0 –1.0 100.0 

Manufacturing 8.4 7.6 0.8 10.5 9.6 0.9 3.6 13.9 –10.3 1.7 

Transportation, Communications 

and Public Utilities 3.9 3.7 0.2 4.3 4.1 0.2 5.4 5.9 –0.5 4.3 

Wholesale Trade 4.6 4.6 0.1 6.5 6.3 0.3 5.1 6.4 –1.4 2.1 

Retail Trade 22.2 22.0 0.2 23.7 23.4 0.3 16.7 6.6 10.1 16.1 

Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 5.7 5.3 0.4 7.2 6.1 1.1 –2.0 6.7 –8.7 –2.0 

Services 43.6 34.3 9.3 34.0 30.2 3.9 68.7 54.3 14.4 76.1 

Agricultural Services, Mining, 

Construction, and Unclassified 11.5 11.4 0.1 13.7 13.1 0.6 2.6 7.2 –4.7 1.6 

*Employment figures in this category represent employment changes as a result of expansion minus contraction.

NA = Not available

Notes: Represents activity from March 1992 to March 1993. Longitudinal data for establishments active (having payroll) in the first quarter of the year. Establishm

ployment in the first quarter were excluded. New firm births are classified by their employment size at the first quarter. Represents private establishments excluding ra

ernment-owned establishments, and farms. The number of continuing firms was calculated from static and longitudinal data. Existing firms with ownership chang

continuing firms.

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
Table A.17 Establishment Changes by Firm Size and State, 1994–1995

Establishments in 1994 Establishment Births Establishment Deaths Net Change N

State Total ,500 500+ Total ,500 500+ Total ,500 500+ Total ,500 500+ 

United States 5,770,090 5,012,399 757,691 695,657 621,295 74,362 2587,337 2530,510 256,827 108,320 90,785 17,535 

Alabama 84,566 71,866 12,700 10,412 9,313 1,099 28,329 27,588 2741 2,083 1,725 358 

Alaska 13,984 12,480 1,504 1,839 1,730 109 21,489 21,389 2100 350 341 9 

Arizona 84,696 72,362 12,334 12,483 11,178 1,305 29,971 28,982 2989 2,512 2,196 316 

Arkansas 52,511 46,192 6,319 6,684 6,085 599 25,277 24,914 2363 1,407 1,171 236 

California 649,472 569,489 79,983 81,501 73,709 7,792 276,755 270,166 26,589 4,746 3,543 1,203 

Colorado 98,303 85,996 12,307 14,754 13,302 1,452 210,609 29,614 2995 4,145 3,688 457 Connecticut 80,738 71,464 9,274 8,426 7,439 987 27,459 26,638 2821 967 801 166 

Delaware 17,844 14,954 2,890 2,391 2,037 354 21,811 21,531 2280 580 506 74 

District of Columbia 17,636 14,880 2,756 1,834 1,523 311 21,656 21,393 2263 178 130 48 

Florida 343,888 297,802 46,086 49,396 44,504 4,892 243,238 239,779 23,459 6,158 4,725 1,433 

Georgia 153,207 127,960 25,247 21,323 18,558 2,765 216,361 214,608 21,753 4,962 3,950 1,012 

Hawaii 27,255 23,783 3,472 2,840 2,513 327 22,780 22,553 2227 60 240 100 

Idaho 27,395 24,481 2,914 3,765 3,518 247 22,871 22,663 2208 894 855 39 

Illinois 256,773 223,372 33,401 28,493 24,897 3,596 223,669 220,984 22,685 4,824 3,913 911 

Indiana 124,990 107,248 17,742 13,902 11,937 1,965 211,235 29,988 21,247 2,667 1,949 718 

Iowa 70,156 61,828 8,328 6,769 6,008 761 25,959 25,422 2537 810 586 224 

Kansas 62,919 55,080 7,839 6,851 6,236 615 25,842 25,336 2506 1,009 900 109 

Kentucky 75,836 65,056 10,780 8,446 7,415 1,031 27,098 26,328 2770 1,348 1,087 261 

Louisiana 86,011 73,786 12,225 9,661 8,535 1,126 28,376 27,491 2885 1,285 1,044 241 

Maine 30,434 27,382 3,052 3,577 3,325 252 23,040 22,783 2257 537 542 25 

Maryland 106,445 91,301 15,144 12,946 11,418 1,528 210,703 29,403 21,300 2,243 2,015 228 

Massachusetts 140,002 122,877 17,125 15,839 13,746 2,093 213,041 211,477 21,564 2,798 2,269 529 

Michigan 196,944 171,933 25,011 22,057 19,765 2,292 217,838 216,023 21,815 4,219 3,742 477 

Minnesota 108,799 95,880 12,919 11,720 10,549 1,171 29,607 28,660 2947 2,113 1,889 224 

Mississippi 50,515 43,711 6,804 6,023 5,373 650 25,088 24,663 2425 935 710 225 

Missouri 123,430 107,178 16,252 14,524 12,930 1,594 212,513 211,324 21,189 2,011 1,606 405 

Montana 24,377 22,167 2,210 3,083 2,911 172 22,386 22,276 2110 697 635 62 

Nebraska 42,025 37,337 4,688 4,051 3,643 408 23,572 23,301 2271 479 342 137 

Nevada 30,626 26,447 4,179 5,201 4,656 545 23,789 23,510 2279 1,412 1,146 266 

New Hampshire 29,533 26,025 3,508 3,674 3,278 396 22,822 22,517 2305 852 761 91 

New Jersey 190,159 168,059 22,100 23,124 21,028 2,096 218,928 217,062 21,866 4,196 3,966 230 New Mexico 35,322 30,931 4,391 4,694 4,252 442 23,943 23,667 2276 751 585 166 

New York 406,262 363,916 42,346 47,288 42,967 4,321 241,933 238,296 23,637 5,355 4,671 684 North Carolina 157,979 134,646 23,333 19,127 17,111 2,016 214,326 212,997 21,329 4,801 4,114 687 

134 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 135

North Dakota 17,888 16,105 1,783 1,645 1,529 116 21,413 21,286 2127 232 243 211 

Ohio 234,132 198,372 35,760 24,046 20,869 3,177 220,045 217,409 22,636 4,001 3,460 541 

Oklahoma 72,160 62,885 9,275 8,412 7,674 738 27,387 26,804 2583 1,025 870 155 

Oregon 79,746 71,182 8,564 10,642 9,851 791 28,431 27,880 2551 2,211 1,971 240 

Pennsylvania 255,337 220,174 35,163 24,877 21,601 3,276 221,717 219,051 22,666 3,160 2,550 610 

Rhode Island 24,121 21,701 2,420 2,591 2,312 279 2-2,303 22,113 2190 288 199 89 

South Carolina 76,821 65,185 11,636 9,624 8,661 963 27,848 27,207 2641 1,776 1,454 322 

South Dakota 19,740 18,061 1,679 2,032 1,908 124 21,683 21,589 294 349 319 30 

Tennessee 109,618 91,851 17,767 13,298 11,601 1,697 210,632 29,503 21,129 2,666 2,098 568 

Texas 383,890 325,082 58,808 50,412 44,092 6,320 242,615 237,994 24,621 7,797 6,098 1,699 

Utah 37,861 32,713 5,148 5,747 5,204 543 24,110 23,775 2335 1,637 1,429 208 

Vermont 17,797 16,397 1,400 1,861 1,744 117 21,578 21,452 2126 283 292 29 

Virginia 141,973 119,400 22,573 17,240 15,260 1,980 213,708 212,111 21,597 3,532 3,149 383 

Washington 129,966 115,352 14,614 17,296 15,949 1,347 215,070 213,839 21,231 2,226 2,110 116 

West Virginia 35,998 31,120 4,878 3,936 3,529 407 23,234 22,871 2363 702 658 44 

Wisconsin 117,484 104,102 13,382 11,543 10,479 1,064 29,813 28,979 2834 1,730 1,500 230 

Wyoming 14,526 12,848 1,678 1,757 1,643 114 21,436 21,321 2115 321 322 21 

Notes: Longitudinal data for establishments active (having payroll) in the first quarter of the year. (Establishments with no employment in the first quarter were excluded.) 

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
Table A.18 Employment Changes from Establishment Changes by Firm Size and State, 1994–1995

Establishments in 1994 Establishment Births Establishment Deaths Net Change N

State Total ,500 500+ Total ,500 500+ Total ,500 500+ Total ,500 500+ 

United States 96,687,346 50,974,012 45,713,334 5,763,600 3,456,835 2,306,765 4,530,705 –3,011,822 –1,518,883 3,591,567 2,613,305 978,262 

Alabama 1,478,303 741,326 736,977 99,128 54,079 45,049 –63,276 –42,259 –21,017 74,734 45,431 29,303 

Alaska 178,415 114,911 63,504 10,224 7,582 2,642 –8,683 –6,569 –2,114 3,497 2,910 587 

Arizona 1,414,061 756,331 657,730 111,343 67,102 44,241 –80,674 –56,402 –24,272 92,263 56,339 35,924 

Arkansas 842,409 432,529 409,880 52,733 31,978 20,755 –40,279 –24,833 –15,446 47,622 28,374 19,248 

California 10,619,318 5,799,613 4,819,705 662,681 423,761 238,920 –572,385 –395,634 –176,751 335,181 248,218 86,963 

Colorado 1,479,280 817,709 661,571 112,763 69,703 43,060 –83,780 –54,693 –29,087 75,824 56,513 19,311 

Connecticut 1,384,926 724,063 660,863 79,420 37,001 42,419 –60,057 –33,637 –26,420 28,001 30,399 –2,398 

Delaware 306,774 142,123 164,651 17,503 11,805 5,698 –12,994 –8,197 –4,797 17,444 11,704 5,740 

District of Columbia 411,233 192,691 218,542 17,951 10,731 7,220 –14,668 –8,625 –6,043 5,297 7,257 –1,960 

Florida 4,982,299 2,662,688 2,319,611 419,720 228,685 191,035 –322,891 –226,412 –96,479 223,373 109,405 113,968 

Georgia 2,752,131 1,296,323 1,455,808 200,897 112,356 88,541 –143,280 –90,453 –52,827 161,022 84,686 76,336 

Hawaii 425,921 245,386 180,535 21,006 14,495 6,511 –19,208 –13,421 –5,787 –2,910 –2,422 –488 

Idaho 367,943 225,797 142,146 20,621 16,171 4,450 –22,874 –12,258 –10,616 10,179 11,848 –1,669 

Illinois 4,800,563 2,441,512 2,359,051 260,360 149,156 111,204 –200,456 –121,755 –78,701 147,985 134,257 13,728 

Indiana 2,314,418 1,188,219 1,126,199 121,364 68,533 52,831 –91,169 –56,879 –34,290 87,947 70,009 17,938 

Iowa 1,089,423 614,561 474,862 55,174 30,371 24,803 –42,325 –28,676 –13,649 48,695 26,655 22,040 

Kansas 954,038 543,379 410,659 48,223 33,782 14,441 –37,189 –26,970 –10,219 29,951 23,985 5,966 

Kentucky 1,292,395 681,526 610,869 67,999 44,692 23,307 –53,836 –37,021 –16,815 54,999 39,606 15,393 

Louisiana 1,424,903 792,028 632,875 88,221 53,667 34,554 –81,770 –47,922 –33,848 26,654 33,262 –6,608 

Maine 419,597 255,685 163,912 19,456 14,153 5,303 –17,085 –12,689 –4,396 12,536 11,094 1,442 

Maryland 1,751,750 958,795 792,955 96,642 60,307 36,335 –82,737 –52,868 –29,869 64,608 50,736 13,872 

Massachusetts 2,659,181 1,364,262 1,294,919 133,610 75,429 58,181 –117,403 –75,285 –42,118 75,508 61,054 14,454 

Michigan 3,540,756 1,872,233 1,668,523 202,690 122,759 79,931 –150,452 –98,550 –51,902 164,135 119,677 44,458 

Minnesota 1,994,326 1,090,025 904,301 98,756 62,770 35,986 –76,215 –51,359 –24,856 78,342 64,011 14,331 

Mississippi 834,537 418,097 416,440 57,653 30,230 27,423 –37,161 –26,144 –11,017 37,052 23,003 14,049 

Missouri 2,100,679 1,093,172 1,007,507 112,203 67,927 44,276 –97,490 –60,337 –37,153 69,790 49,908 19,882 

Montana 249,478 182,110 67,368 15,403 12,488 2,915 –11,371 –9,910 –1,461 11,533 9,270 2,263 

Nebraska 648,241 359,227 289,014 29,249 20,138 9,111 –25,758 –16,518 –9,240 25,550 13,381 12,169 

Nevada 627,235 284,387 342,848 51,007 29,466 21,541 –29,242 –20,864 –8,378 42,761 25,744 17,017 

New Hampshire 445,269 257,949 187,320 25,708 16,344 9,364 –20,237 –13,998 –6,239 18,499 14,817 3,682 

New Jersey 3,123,976 1,633,884 1,490,092 169,209 107,373 61,836 –164,753 –93,014 –71,739 62,701 81,578 –18,877 

New Mexico 488,478 297,412 191,066 32,427 23,002 9,425 –28,847 –19,863 –8,984 18,635 15,598 3,037 

New York 6,661,950 3,490,573 3,171,377 379,993 213,363 166,630 –292,128 –200,929 –91,199 120,379 129,951 –9,572 

North Carolina 2,853,469 1,366,481 1,486,988 149,244 91,571 57,673 –104,798 –72,500 –32,298 134,506 84,920 49,586 

136 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 137

North Dakota 220,612 151,864 68,748 10,577 8,282 2,295 –8,815 –6,108 –2,707 9,554 8,735 819 

Ohio 4,384,026 2,227,419 2,156,607 210,727 119,305 91,422 –160,011 –102,864 –57,147 165,804 126,739 39,065 

Oklahoma 1,024,513 599,839 424,674 57,303 41,664 15,639 –49,397 –37,398 –11,999 29,607 25,889 3,718 

Oregon 1,127,066 686,381 440,685 74,613 47,897 26,716 –55,397 –41,403 –13,994 57,904 43,752 14,152 

Pennsylvania 4,581,415 2,357,221 2,224,194 216,573 128,909 87,664 –190,164 –120,753 –69,411 119,182 98,183 20,999 

Rhode Island 370,266 216,965 153,301 17,146 10,035 7,111 –13,761 –10,108 –3,653 9,491 6,423 3,068 

South Carolina 1,347,529 636,985 710,544 75,435 49,543 25,892 –60,106 –43,786 –16,320 47,082 32,722 14,360 

South Dakota 255,996 168,091 87,905 10,970 9,545 1,425 –10,206 –7,863.0 –2,343 12,488 8,070 4,418 

Tennessee 2,041,189 963,730 1,077,459 122,211 69,440 52,771 –84,728 –54,749 –29,979 107,566 63,228 44,338 

Texas 6,449,547 3,229,946 3,219,601 495,384 274,038 221,346 –348,992 –233,410 –115,582 329,559 197,530 132,029 

Utah 699,044 363,034 336,010 51,967 31,357 20,610 –33,207 –24,463 –8,744 44,447 25,098 19,349 

Vermont 218,605 147,722 70,883 9,967 8,233 1,734 –11,071 –7,160 –3,911 5,762 6,400 –638 

Virginia 2,392,240 1,200,323 1,191,917 135,780 81,494 54,286 –112,433 –68,063 –44,370 84,706 65,930 18,776 

Washington 1,893,228 1,116,685 776,543 111,831 80,054 31,777 –93,141 –67,777 –25,364 54,836 45,619 9,217 

West Virginia 510,777 284,790 225,987 25,797 18,343 7,454 –20,494 –14,607 –5,887 19,173 18,103 1,070 

Wisconsin 2,099,365 1,180,023 919,342 88,323 59,085 29,238 –63,510 –48,357 –15,153 86,787 63,260 23,527 

Wyoming 154,253 105,987 48,266 8,415 6,641 1,774 –7,801 –5,509 –2,292 3,326 4,446 –1,120 

Notes: In addition to change from establishment births and deaths, net change includes change from expansions and contractions of existing establishments, not shown in this table; therefor

due to deaths from change due to births will not yield the net change shown. Longitudinal data for establishments active (having payroll) in the first quarter of the year. Establishments with no emquarter were excluded.

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
Code 1995– 1995–

(1987) Industry 1995 1996 1996 1996

Total, Small-Business-Dominated 46,577.8 48,126.7 1,548.9 3.3

Agricultural Services 543.7 574.0 30.3 5.6

7 Agricultural Services 543.7 574.0 30.3 5.6

Mining 32.9 34.3 1.4 4.3

144 Sand and Gravel 32.9 34.3 1.4 4.3

Construction 5,131.3 5,423.8 292.5 5.7

151 General Building Contractors 1,198.2 1,245.1 46.9 3.9

152 Residential Building Construction 598.0 621.6 23.6 3.9

153 Operative Builders 27.0 27.9 0.9 3.3

154 Nonresidential Building Construction 573.2 595.6 22.4 3.9

161 Heavy Construction other than Building 705.4 720.4 15.0 2.1

161 Highway and Street Construction 194.2 205.8 11.6 6.0

172 Special Trade Contractors 3,227.7 3,458.3 230.6 7.1

171 Plumbing, Heating, and Air Conditioning 733.5 769.9 36.4 5.0

172 Painting, Paper Hanging, and Decorating 175.9 183.6 7.7 4.4

173 Electrical Work 623.5 658.5 35.0 5.6

174 Masonry, Stonework, and Plastering 422.2 471.4 49.2 11.7

175 Carpentry and Flooring 234.7 251.6 16.9 7.2

176 Roofing and Sheet Metal Work 213.5 231.8 18.3 8.6

Manufacturing 3,436.7 3,434.5 2.2 -0.1

233 Women's and Misses' Outerwear 257.1 238.0 –19.1 –7.4

2361 Girls', Children's, Infants' Dresses and Blouses 17.0 13.0 –4.0 –23.5

238 Miscellaneous Apparel and Accessories 34.3 34.2 –0.1 –0.3

239 Miscellaneous Fabricated Textile Products 81.4 80.1 –1.3 –1.6

2391 Curtains and Draperies 19.3 18.6 –0.7 –3.6

2396 Automotive Trimmings, Apparel Findings 57.3 54.0 –3.3 –5.8

241 Logging 83.0 76.8 –6.2 –7.5

242 Sawmills and Planing Mills 183.0 183.3 0.3 0.2

243 Millwork, Plywood and Structural Members 35.3 36.4 1.1 3.1

2434 Wood Kitchen Cabinets 75.8 79.5 3.7 4.9

2435 Hardwood Veneer and Plywood 27.9 27.8 –0.1 –0.4

244 Wood Containers 50.2 50.7 0.5 1.0

249 Miscellaneous Wood Products 86.1 86.9 0.8 0.9

25 Furniture and Fixtures 42.2 43.6 1.4 3.3

2515 Mattresses, Foundations, and Convertible Beds 31.0 30.8 –0.2 –0.6

254 Partitions, Shelving, Lockers, Fixtures 83.9– 85.3– 1.4 1.7

138 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 139

Code 1995– 1995–

(1987) Industry 1995 1996 1996 1996

259 Miscellaneous Furniture and Fixtures 37.5 36.8 –0.7 –1.9

275 Commercial Printing 565.3 563.7 –1.6 –0.3

279 Printing Trade Services 54.3 51.6 –2.7 –5.0

316 Luggage 10.7 10.6 –0.1 –0.9

317 Handbags and Personal Leather Goods 11.5 9.9 –1.6 –13.9

327 Concrete, Gypsum, and Plaster Products 200.1 209.3 9.2 4.6

3441 Fabricated Structural Metal 75.4 77.8 2.4 3.2

3444 Sheet Metal Work 111.6 117.3 5.7 5.1

3446 Architectural and Ornamental Metal Work 29.4 30.0 0.6 2.0

3451 Screw Machine Products 51.4 51.2 –0.2 –0.4

3469 Metal Stampings, n.e.c 95.0 95.5 0.5 0.5

347 Coating, Engraving, and Allied Services 130.8 139.0 8.2 6.3

3496 Miscellaneous Fabricated Wire Products 57.5 57.3 –0.2 –0.3

3535 Conveyors and Conveying Equipment 41.0 41.0 0.0 0.0

3544 Special Dies and Tools 163.7 164.4 0.7 0.4

3545 Cutting Tools, Machine Tool Accessories 51.8 52.5 0.7 1.4

3552 Textile Machinery 15.3 14.6 –0.7 –4.6

3556 Food Products Machinery 25.4 25.7 0.3 1.2

3596 Scales and Balances, except Laboratory 270.2 272.7 2.5 0.9

3633 Household Laundry Equipment 16.2 16.5 0.3 1.9

3645 Residential Electric Lighting Fixtures 19.4 19.1 –0.3 –1.5

391 Jewelry, Silverware, and Plated Ware 12.8 12.8 0.0 0.0

3911 Jewelry, Precious Metal 37.6 36.3 –1.3 –3.5

393 Musical Instruments 14.6 15.2 0.6 4.1

396 Costume Jewelry 24.9 24.7 –0.2 –0.8

399 Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries 148.5 150.0 1.5 1.0

Transportation, Communications,

and Public Utilities 1,078.8 1,136.5 57.7 5.3

411 Local and Suburban Passenger Transportation 208.6 221.2 12.6 6.0

412 Taxicabs 33.9 35.3 1.4 4.1

415 School Buses 153.1 159.6 6.5 4.2

422 Public Warehousing 145.7 153.4 7.7 5.3

47 Transportation Services 43.5 49.3 5.8 13.3

472 Arrangement of Passenger Transport 202.9 212.1 9.2 4.5

473 Arrangement of Transportation of Freight 176.1 187.6 11.5 6.5

4832 Radio Broadcasting Stations 115.0 118.0 3.0 2.6

Wholesale Trade 4,022.9 4,125.2 102.3 2.5
Code 1995– 1995–

(1987) Industry 1995 1996 1996 1996

50 Durable Goods 2,726.9 2,783.0 56.1 2.1

501 Motor Vehicles and Automotive Equipment 495.5 505.1 9.6 1.9

502 Furniture and Home Furnishings 157.5 165.0 7.5 4.8

503 Lumber and Construction Materials 241.6 251.4 9.8 4.1

505 Metals and Minerals, except Petroleum 144.6 149.6 5.0 3.5

5063 Electrical Equipment, Wiring, and Construction 214.4 220.7 6.3 2.9

5064 Electrical Appliances, Television, and Radio 49.4 46.9 –2.5 –5.1

507 Hardware, Plumbing, and Heating Equipment 288.4 297.3 8.9 3.1

508 Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies 793.1 812.0 18.9 2.4

509 Miscellaneous Durable Goods 342.4 335.0 –7.4 –2.2

51 Nondurable Goods 1,296.0 1,342.2 46.2 3.6

513 Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions 225.6 239.5 13.9 6.2

5147 Meats and Meat Products 63.2 62.2 –1.0 –1.6

5148 Fresh Fruits and Vegetables 107.0 117.3 10.3 9.6

515 Farm Product Raw Materials 109.8 107.4 –2.4 –2.2

517 Petroleum and Petroleum Products 161.3 163.6 2.3 1.4

5181 Beer and Ale 99.4 101.4 2.0 2.0

519 Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods 529.7 550.8 21.1 4.0

Retail Trade 13,166.3 13,595.8 429.5 3.3

52 Building Materials and Garden Supplies 37.0 40.9 3.9 10.

521 Lumber and Other Building Materials Stores 511.7 552.5 40.8 8.0

523 Paint, Glass, and Wallpaper Stores 67.0 70.7 3.7 5.5

525 Hardware Stores 164.5 172.8 8.3 5.0

526 Retail Nurseries and Garden Stores 91.0 99.8 8.8 9.7

542 Meat Markets and Freezer Provisioners 51.9 58.6 6.7 12.9

545 Dairy Products Stores 15.7 16.0 0.3 1.9

546 Retail Bakeries 195.1 208.1 13.0 6.7

55 Automotive Dealers and Service Stations 163.4 169.9 6.5 4.0

551 New and Used Car Dealers 1,005.4 1,040.8 35.4 3.5

553 Auto and Home Supply Stores 379.0 408.1 29.1 7.7

554 Gasoline Service Stations 651.6 672.8 21.2 3.3

559 Automotive Dealers, n.e.c. 8.8 9.3 0.5 5.7

561 Men's and Boys' Clothing and Furnishings 90.7 86.0 –4.7 –5.2

571 Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores 503.1 553.7 50.6 10.1

572 Household Appliance Stores 78.6 74.2 –4.4 –5.6

58 Eating and Drinking Places 7,389.0 7,504.0 115.0 1.6

59 Miscellaneous Retail Establishments 222.5 277.2 54.7 24.6

592 Liquor Stores 114.6 118.9 4.3 3.8

593 Used Merchandise Stores 104.5 114.8 10.3 9.9

140 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 141

Code 1995– 1995–

(1987) Industry 1995 1996 1996 1996

5941 Sporting Goods and Bicycles 192.4 195.7 3.3 1.7

5943 Stationery Stores 84.5 87.7 3.2 3.8

5944 Jewelry Stores 148.1 150.1 2.0 1.4

5947 Gift, Novelty, and Souvenir Shops 234.1 233.8 –0.3 –0.1

5962 Automatic Merchandising Machine Operators 70.3 67.1 –3.2 –4.6

598 Fuel Dealers 104.2 107.3 3.1 3.0

599 Retail Stores, n.e.c. 487.6 505.0 17.4 3.6

Finance, Insurance and Real Estate 2,345.5 2,413.1 67.6 2.9

606 Credit Unions 159.4 165.6 6.2 3.9

64 Insurance Agents, Brokers, and Services 704.4 714.0 9.6 1.4

65 Real Estate 30.0 32.5 2.5 8.3

651 Real Estate Operators and Lessors 575.9 594.4 18.5 3.2

653 Real Estate Agents and Managers 642.0 666.8 24.8 3.9

655 Subdividers and Developers 106.1 108.3 2.2 2.1

67 Holding and Investment Services 127.7 131.5 3.8 3.0

Services 16,819.7 17,389.5 569.8 3.4

72 Personnel Services 17.1 16.7 –0.4 –2.3

721 Laundry, Cleaning, and Garment Services 435.4 436.7 1.3 0.3

723 Beauty Shops 395.3 402.7 7.4 1.9

726 Funeral Service and Crematories 91.9 95.4 3.5 3.8

731 Advertising 244.3 257.1 12.8 5.2

732 Credit Reporting and Collection 121.5 121.7 0.2 0.2

733 Mailing, Reproduction, Stenographic 289.4 316.6 27.2 9.4

734 Services to Buildings 888.8 881.7 –7.1 –0.8

735 Miscellaneous Equipment Rental and Leasing 227.3 231.4 4.1 1.8

7361 Employment Agencies 301.5 318.5 17.0 5.6

7384 Photofinishing Laboratories 77.4 73.8 –3.6 –4.7

753 Automotive Repair Shops 134.3 147.1 12.8 9.5

7532 Top, Body, and Upholstery Repair Shops 205.7 226.4 20.7 10.1

7538 General Automotive Repair Shops 238.7 261.0 22.3 9.3

754 Automotive Services, except Repair 92.2 96.8 4.6 5.0

7542 Carwashes 118.1 120.1 2.0 1.7

76 Miscellaneous Repair Services 249.0 253.1 4.1 1.6

762 Electrical Repair Shops 108.8 115.3 6.5 6.0

79 Amusement and Recreation Services 279.8 294.1 14.3 5.1

793 Bowling Centers 89.8 85.2 –4.6 –5.1

799 Miscellaneous Amusement Recreation Service 949.6 1,014.2 64.6 6.8
Code 1995– 1995–

(1987) Industry 1995 1996 1996 1996

801 Office of Physicians 1,641.4 1,702.8 61.4 3.7

802 Offices of Dentists 612.7 639.6 26.9 4.4

804 Offices of Other Health Practitioners 428.6 454.7 26.1 6.1

8052 Intermediate Care Facilities 216.3 221.0 4.7 2.2

8059 Nursing and Personal Care, n.e.c. 232.1 237.8 5.7 2.5

807 Medical and Dental Laboratories 199.1 217.1 18.0 9.0

81 Legal Services 922.4 940.9 18.5 2.0

821 Elementary and Secondary Schools 586.8 587.9 1.1 0.2

824 Correspondence and Vocational Schools 81.5 88.3 6.8 8.3

832 Individual and Family Services 636.0 648.9 12.9 2.0

833 Job Training and Related Services 299.4 304.3 4.9 1.6

835 Child Day Care Services 581.1 589.0 7.9 1.4

836 Residential Care 648.8 675.5 26.7 4.1

839 Social Services, n.e.c. 207.6 207.5 –0.1 0.0

84 Museums, Botanical, and Zoological Gardens 79.1 84.1 5.0 6.3

86 Membership Organizations 1,403.2 1,404.5 1.3 0.1

861 Business Associations 106.8 105.0 –1.8 –1.7

862 Professional Organizations 57.1 59.6 2.5 4.4

863 Labor Organizations 139.9 135.5 –4.4 –3.1

864 Civic and Social Associations 417.7 436.8 19.1 4.6

87 Engineering, Accounting, Research 825.7 900.5 74.8 9.1

8712 Architectural Services 130.2 139.6 9.4 7.2

8713 Surveying Services 53.1 57.0 3.9 7.3

872 Accounting, Auditing, and Bookkeeping 555.6 577.0 21.4 3.9

8732 Commercial Economic, Educational Research 121.3 125.4 4.1 3.4

8743 Public Relations Services 35.3 37.4 2.1 5.9

89 Services, n.e.c. 45.0 46.2 1.2 2.7

n.e.c. = Not elsewhere classified. 1 Represents sum of three-digit components, which are also shown separately. 2 Represents two-digit industries with three-digit industry breakout. However, because of the

inability to distribute all industry employment, industry components do not equal the specified

two-digit total. If the industry was clearly large-business-dominated or small-business-dominated,

the two-digit industry was listed to represent the overall two-digit industry total. 3 Each two–digit subcomponent industry reflects both the sum of the separately enumerated

three-digit components and a residual component representing industries not covered by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Note: Excludes self-employed workers. Small-business-dominated industries are industries

in which a minimum of 60 percent of employment is in firms with fewer than 500 employees.

While 99.9 percent of industry employment was allocated to small, large, and indeterminate industries, about 2 percent of employment in the manufacturing and service sectors could not be

allocated because of SIC code inconsistencies.

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data provided by the

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings.

142 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 143

Code 1995– 1995–

(1987) Industry 1995 1996 1996 1996

Total, Large-Business-Dominated 33,991.4 34,354.5 443.1 1.3

Mining 312.2 296.0 –16.2 –5.2

10 Metal Mining 27.3 28.2 0.9 3.3

101 Iron Ores 8.3 8.3 0.0 0.0

102 Copper Ores 14.6 15.1 0.5 3.4

12 Coal Mining 6.3 6.3 0.0 0.0

122 Bituminous Coal 96.1 90.5 –5.6 –5.8

131 Oil and Gas Extraction 145.7 134.4 –11.3 –7.8

147 Chemical and Fertilizer Minerals 13.9 13.2 –0.7 –5.0

Manufacturing 10,460.3 10,372.3 –88.0 –0.8

2011 Meat Packing Plants 141.1 139.0 –2.1 –1.5

2015 Poultry Slaughtering and Processing 239.2 231.6 –7.6 –3.2

202 Dairy Products 147.5 143.8 –3.7 –2.5

203 Canned, Frozen Fruits, Vegetables 214.1 206.5 –7.6 –3.5

204 Grain Mill Products 65.0 65.5 0.5 0.8

205 Bakery Products 209.1 205.1 –4.0 –1.9

206 Sugar and Confectionery Products 27.5 26.6 –0.9 –3.3

2061 Cane Sugar, except Refining 6.9 6.9 0.0 0.0

2062 Cane Sugar Refining 5.0 4.5 –0.5 –10.0

2063 Beet Sugar 10.5 9.8 –0.7 –6.7

207 Fats and Oils 30.7 31.0 0.3 1.0

208 Beverages 173.8 173.7 –0.1 –0.1

21 Tobacco Products 15.9 15.0 –0.9 –5.7

211 Cigarettes 28.1 28.7 0.6 2.1

221 Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Cotton 77.7 73.1 –4.6 –5.9

222 Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Manmade Fiber 69.2 66.0 –3.2 –4.6

225 Knitting Mills 20.8 20.3 –0.5 –2.4

2251 Women's Full-Length Hosiery, except Socks 21.2 20.5 –0.7 –3.3

2254 Knit Underwear and Nightwear Mills 20.7 19.9 –0.8 –3.9

2257 Weft Knit Fabric Mills 25.7 22.9 –2.8 –10.9

2262 Finishers of Broadwoven Fabrics, Manmade 23.6 22.7 –0.9 –3.8

227 Carpets and Rugs 62.2 61.4 –0.8 –1.3

228 Yarn and Thread Mills 92.5 93.2 0.7 0.8

231 Men's and Boys' Suits, Coats, and Overcoats 34.5 31.6 –2.9 –8.4

232 Men's and Boys' Furnishings 236.6 217.6 –19.0 –8.0

2341 Women's, Misses', Children's Underwear 32.0 29.3 –2.7 –8.4

2436 Softwood Veneer and Plywood 29.1 28.6 –0.5 –1.7

2451 Mobile Homes 62.2 65.8 3.6 5.8

252 Office Furniture 62.2 60.6 –1.6 –2.6

262 Paper Mills 161.2 158.6 –2.6 –1.6

263 Paperboard Mills 51.2 50.1 –1.1 –2.1
Code 1995– 1995–

(1987) Industry 1995 1996 1996 1996

265 Paperboard Containers and Boxes 22.8 22.2 –0.6 –2.6

2653 Corrugated and Solid Fiber Boxes 132.0 132.8 0.8 0.6

2656 Sanitary Food Containers, except Folding 18.3 17.6 –0.7 –3.8

267 Converted Paper, except Containers and Boxes 129.8 127.6 –2.2 –1.7

2672 Coated and Laminated Paper 47.8 45.2 –2.6 –5.4

2677 Envelopes 24.0 23.8 –0.2 –0.8

271 Newspapers, Publishing, and Printing 446.9 443.3 –3.6 –0.8

273 Books 124.0 122.3 –1.7 –1.4

281 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals 116.8 115.2 –1.6 –1.4

282 Plastic Materials 155.2 153.3 –1.9 –1.2

283 Drugs 255.7 253.5 –2.2 –0.9

2841 Soap and Other Detergents 42.8 41.1 –1.7 –4.0

2844 Perfumes, Cosmetics, and Toilet Preparations 67.2 67.2 0.0 0.0

286 Industrial Organic Chemicals 2.5 2.6 0.1 4.0

2865 Cyclic Organic Crude Dyes and Pigments 26.0 26.0 0.0 0.0

2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals, n.e.c. 118.8 116.0 –2.8 –2.4

287 Agricultural Chemicals 52.1 52.0 –0.1 –0.2

29 Petroleum and Coal Products 13.7 13.9 0.2 1.5

291 Petroleum Refining 99.7 96.1 –3.6 –3.6

301 Tires and Inner Tubes 80.7 77.1 –3.6 –4.5

302 Rubber and Plastics Footwear 6.3 5.4 –0.9 –14.3

305 Gaskets, Packing, and Sealing Devices 68.2 68.5 0.3 0.4

311 Leather Tanning and Finishing 13.2 13.0 –0.2 –1.5

314 Footwear, except Rubber 49.1 44.8 –4.3 –8.8

321 Flat Glass 15.4 15.4 0.0 0.0

322 Glass and Glassware, Pressed or Brown 71.8 69.9 –1.9 –2.6

324 Cement, Hydraulic 17.3 17.5 0.2 1.2

329 Abrasive, Asbestos, etc. 29.7 29.9 0.2 0.7

3292 Asbestos Products 2.5 2.4 –0.1 –4.0

3296 Mineral Wool 24.0 24.4 0.4 1.7

33 Primary Metal Industries 106.8 110.7 3.9 3.7

331 Steel Works, Blast Furnaces 214.0 207.9 –6.1 –2.9

3317 Steel Pipe and Tubes 27.6 26.9 –0.7 –2.5

332 Iron and Steel Foundries 42.2 42.3 0.1 0.2

3321 Gray and Ductile Iron Foundries 82.5 80.5 –2.0 –2.4

3322 Malleable Iron Foundries 4.1 4.1 0.0 0.0

333 Primary Smelting and Refining 18.2 18.2 0.0 0.0

3334 Primary Production of Aluminum 22.8 22.2 –0.6 –2.6

335 Rolling, Drawing of Nonferrous Metals 49.0 50.3 1.3 2.7

3351 Rolling, Drawing of Copper 22.2 22.8 0.6 2.7

3353 Aluminum Sheet 22.1 21.4 –0.7 –3.2

3357 Drawing of Nonferrous Wire 73.9 72.4 –1.5 –2.0

3411 Metal Cans 32.0 31.8 –0.2 –0.6

3429 Hardware, n.e.c. 70.8 72.1 1.3 1.8

3432 Plumbing Fixture Fittings 22.3 22.6 0.3 1.3

3465 Automotive Stampings 119.4 119.7 0.3 0.3

144 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 145

Code 1995– 1995–

(1987) Industry 1995 1996 1996 1996

348 Ordnance and Accessories 23.7 21.0 -2.7 –11.4

3483 Ammunition, except for Small Arms 25.7 24.3 –1.4 –5.4

3511 Steam, Gas, and Hydraulic Turbines 25.8 25.2 –0.6 –2.3

3519 Internal Combustion Engines 60.9 58.9 –2.0 –3.3

3531 Construction Machinery and Equipment 79.5 79.2 –0.3 –0.4

3533 Oil and Gas Field Machinery 40.8 42.6 1.8 4.4

3546 Power–Driven Handtools 25.0 24.3 –0.7 –2.8

3561 Pumps and Pumping Equipment 29.1 29.4 0.3 1.0

3562 Ball and Roller Bearings 39.2 39.2 0.0 0.0

3563 Air and Gas Compressors 26.0 25.8 –0.2 –0.8

357 Computer and Office Equipment 104.8 106.4 1.6 1.5

3571 Electronic Computers 195.1 199.2 4.1 2.1

3575 Computer Terminals 57.2 56.0 –1.2 –2.1

358 Refrigeration and Service Machinery 63.8 65.7 1.9 3.0

3585 Air Conditioning Equipment 139.9 142.9 3.0 2.1

3592 Carburetors, Pistons, Piston Rings 22.3 22.9 0.6 2.7

3612 Power and Distribution Transformers 39.9 39.6 –0.3 –0.8

3613 Switchgear and Switchboard Apparatus 41.8 42.8 1.0 2.4

362 Electrical Industrial Apparatus 159.7 157.9 –1.8 –1.1

363 Household Appliances 44.9 46.4 1.5 3.3

3632 Household Refrigerators 29.7 28.6 –1.1 –3.7

3634 Electric Housewares and Fans 29.6 27.5 –2.1 –7.1

364 Electric Lighting and Wiring Equipment 56.8 56.3 –0.5 –0.9

3641 Electric Lamp Bulbs and Tubes 21.9 21.5 –0.4 –1.8

3643 Current Carrying Wiring Devices 62.2 62.3 0.1 0.2

3644 Noncurrent Carrying Wiring Devices 17.1 17.3 0.2 1.2

365 Household Audio and Video Equipment 85.3 83.2 –2.1 –2.5

366 Communications Equipment 265.3 264.6 –0.7 –0.3

367 Electronic Components and Accessories 191.3 187.9 –3.4 –1.8

3671 Electron Tubes 24.8 24.5 –0.3 –1.2

3674 Semiconductors and Related Devices 249.5 258.4 8.9 3.6

369 Miscellaneous Electrical Machinery 155.4 155.5 0.1 0.1

37 Transportation Equipment 20.2 21.3 1.1 5.4

371 Motor Vehicles and Equipment 19.4 19.8 0.4 2.1

3711 Motor Vehicles and Passenger Car Bodies 369.2 358.7 –10.5 –2.8

3714 Motor Vehicle Parts and Accessories 512.9 515.6 2.7 0.5

3721 Aircraft 241.0 253.7 12.7 5.3

3724 Aircraft Engines and Engine Parts 93.5 98.1 4.6 4.9

3728 Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment 112.7 121.8 9.1 8.1

3731 Ship Building and Repairing 102.3 95.2 –7.1 –6.9

374 Railroad Equipment 36.4 35.2 –1.2 –3.3

376 Guided Missiles and Space Vehicles 94.7 93.5 –1.2 –1.3

381 Search, Detention, Navigation Equipment 151.9 151.8 –0.1 –0.1

382 Laboratory Apparatus 285.5 288.0 2.5 0.9

384 Surgical, Medical, and Dental Instruments 264.8 267.5 2.7 1.0

385 Ophthalmic Goods 36.0 34.7 –1.3 –3.6

386 Photographic Equipment and Supplies 84.6 84.3 –0.3 –0.4

Transportation, Communications,

and Public Utilities 3,227.1 3,289.5 62.4 1.9
Code 1995– 1995–

(1987) Industry 1995 1996 1996 1996

40 Railroad Transportation 29.4 28.9 –0.5 –1.7

4011 Railroads, Line–Haul Operating 209.1 202.6 –6.5 –3.1

45 Transportation by Air 47.2 53.4 6.2 13.1

451 Air Transportation 656.8 700.6 43.8 6.7

458 Air Transportation Services 115.2 124.6 9.4 8.2

46 Pipelines, except Natural Gas 14.4 13.7 –0.7 –4.9

481 Communications 1,247.1 1,281.8 34.7 2.8

481 Telephone Communication 931.6 952.3 20.7 2.2

4833 Television Broadcasting Stations 125.0 130.0 5.0 4.0

484 Cable and Other Pay Television Services 167.3 178.4 11.1 6.6

491 Electric, Gas, and Sanitary Services 907.9 883.9 –24.0 –2.6

491 Electrical Services 396.7 380.7 –16.0 –4.0

492 Gas Production and Distribution 150.5 145.3 –5.2 –3.5

493 Combination Utility Services 165.0 160.5 –4.5 –2.7

495 Sanitary Services 163.3 163.9 0.6 0.4

Wholesale Trade 793.7 815.3 21.6 2.7

5045 Computers and Computer Peripheral Equipment 311.1 324.8 13.7 4.4

512 Drugs, Drug Proprietaries and Druggists' Sundries 202.8 211.8 9.0 4.4

5141 Groceries, General Line 279.8 278.7 –1.1 –0.4

Retail Trade 7,209.4 7,334.1 124.7 1.7

531 Department Stores 2,593.4 2,701.9 108.5 4.2

533 Variety Stores 145.4 150.9 5.5 3.8

539 Miscellaneous General Merchandise Stores 218.1 219.9 1.8 0.8

541 Grocery Stores 3,047.4 3,056.7 9.3 0.3

563 Apparel and Accessory Stores 192.0 199.0 7.0 3.6

562 Women's Clothing Stores 357.9 349.1 –8.8 –2.5

565 Family Clothing Stores 354.7 351.0 –3.7 –1.0

566 Shoe Stores 211.5 216.7 5.2 2.5

5735 Record and Prerecorded Tape Stores 89.0 88.9 –0.1 –0.1

Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 3,167.5 3,202.9 35.4 1.1

602 Banking 414.6 405.0 –9.6 –2.3

6021 National Commercial Banks 589.6 604.2 14.6 2.5

6036 Savings Institutions, not Federally Chartered 121.4 115.3 –6.1 –5.0

615 Business Credit Institutions 97.4 107.8 10.4 10.7

621 Security Brokers and Dealers 401.9 422.3 20.4 5.1

146 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 147

Code 1995– 1995–

(1987) Industry 1995 1996 1996 1996

632 Insurance Carriers 62.8 66.7 3.9 6.2

631 Life Insurance 568.7 542.9 –25.8 –4.5

632 Medical Service and Health Insurance 314.7 334.8 20.1 6.4

633 Fire, Marine, and Casualty Insurance 529.6 532.0 2.4 0.5

636 Title Insurance 66.8 71.9 5.1 7.6

Services 8,741.2 9,044.4 303.2 3.5

7363 Personnel Supply Services 2,285.2 2,428.4 143.2 6.3

7374 Computer Processing and Data Preparation 235.3 255.7 20.4 8.7

7375 Information Retrieval Services 60.3 69.6 9.3 15.4

7378 Computer Maintenance and Repair 49.9 52.6 2.7 5.4

7514 Passenger Car Rental 118.0 133.7 15.7 13.3

781 Motion Picture Production 221.8 240.9 19.1 8.6

783 Motion Picture Theaters 116.2 114.5 –1.7 –1.5

80 Health Services 355.7 369.4 13.7 3.9

8062 Hospitals 3,517.0 3,579.3 62.3 1.8

8063 Psychiatric Hospitals 89.8 88.1 –1.7 –1.9

8069 Specialty Hospitals, except Psychiatric 211.2 212.2 1.0 0.5

822 Colleges and Universities 1,260.3 1,290.0 29.7 2.4

8731 Physical and Biological Research 220.5 210.0 –10.5 –4.8

1 Represents sum of three-digit components, which are also shown separately. 2 Represents two-digit industries with three-digit industry breakout. However, because of the

inability to distribute all industry employment, industry components do not equal the specified

two-digit total. If the industry was clearly large-business-dominated or small-business-dominated,

the two-digit industry was listed to represent the overall two-digit industry total. 3 Each two-digit subcomponent industry reflects both the sum of the separately enumerated

three-digit components and a residual component representing industries not covered by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Note: Excludes self-employed workers. Small-business-dominated industries are industries

in which a minimum of 60 percent of employment is in firms with fewer than 500 employees.

While 99.9 percent of industry employment was allocated to small, large, and indeterminate industries, about 2 percent of employment in the manufacturing and service sectors could not be

allocated because of SIC code inconsistencies.

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data provided by the

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings.
Code 1995– 1995–

(1987) Industry 1995 1996 1996 1996

Total, Indeterminate Industries 18,596.1 19,040.9 444.8 2.4

Mining 224.6 234.9 10.3 4.6

13 Oil and Gas Extraction 5.1 4.0 –1.1 –21.6

138 Oil and Gas Field Services 162.4 172.3 9.9 6.1

14 Mining and Quarrying of Nonmetal Minerals 17.7 18.3 0.6 3.4

142 Crushed and Broken Stone 39.4 40.3 0.9 2.3

Manufacturing 4,532.2 4,522.4 –9.8 –0.2

2013 Sausage and Other Prepared Meat Products 94.2 94.0 –0.2 –0.2

2041 Flour and Other Grain Mill Products 19.3 18.8 –0.5 –2.6

2048 Prepared Feeds and Feed Ingredients 42.8 42.3 –0.5 –1.2

2064 Candy and Other Confectionery Products 59.3 61.3 2.0 3.4

209 Miscellaneous Food Preparations and 

Kindred Products 173.3 174.8 1.5 0.9

223 Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Wool 15.9 15.7 –0.2 –1.3

224 Narrow Fabric and Other Smallwares 

Mills, Cotton 22.0 20.3 –1.7 –7.7

2252 Hosiery, n.e.c. 40.7 40.2 –0.5 –1.2

2253 Knit Outerwear Mills 57.4 55.7 –1.7 –3.0

226 Textile Finishing except Wool 13.9 14.2 0.3 2.2

2261 Finishers of Broadwoven Fabrics of Cotton 33.9 32.1 –1.8 –5.3

229 Miscellaneous Textile Goods 50.7 49.7 –1.0 –2.0

2342 Brassieres, Girdles, and Allied Garments 11.4 10.2 –1.2 –10.5

236 Girls’, Children’s, and Infants’ Outerwear 41.3 34.0 –7.3 –17.7

2392 House Furnishings, except Curtains 55.8 54.9 –0.9 –1.6

2431 Millwork 110.1 113.7 3.6 3.3

245 Wood Buildings and Mobile Homes 19.3 20.4 1.1 5.7

251 Household Furniture 11.6 11.7 0.1 0.9

2511 Wood Household Furniture, except Upholstered 127.8 126.8 –1.0 –0.8

2512 Wood Household Furniture, Upholstered 90.8 89.9 –0.9 –1.0

2514 Metal Household Furniture 21.3 19.9 –1.4 –6.6

253 Public Building and Related Furniture 42.2 43.6 1.4 3.3

26 Paper and Allied Products 12.4 12.1 –0.3 –2.4

2657 Folding Paperboard Boxes 47.0 47.2 0.2 0.4

2673 Plastics, Foil, and Coated Paper Bags 38.9 37.9 –1.0 –2.6

27 Printing and Publishing 26.8 26.8 0.0 0.0

272 Periodicals, Publishing and Printing 130.4 130.4 0.0 0.0

148 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 149

Code 1995– 1995–

(1987) Industry 1995 1996 1996 1996

274 Miscellaneous Publishing 83.3 84.4 1.1 1.3

276 Manifold Business Forms 45.0 44.5 –0.5 –1.1

278 Blankbooks, Looseleaf Binders, 

and Bookbinding 69.6 67.3 –2.3 –3.3

2842 Specialty Cleaning, Polishing, and Sanitation 40.3 39.6 –0.7 –1.7

285 Paints, Varnishes, Lacquers, Enamels 55.4 57.2 1.8 3.2

289 Miscellaneous Chemical Products 91.3 90.8 –0.5 –0.5

295 Asphalt Paving and Roofing Materials 24.4 25.2 0.8 3.3

306 Fabricated Rubber Products, n.e.c 109.7 110.3 0.6 0.5

308 Miscellaneous Plastics Products 704.1 713.0 8.9 1.3

31 Leather and Leather Products 16.2 15.8 –0.4 –2.5

32 Stone, Clay, and Glass Products 12.9 13.4 0.5 3.9

323 Products of Purchased Glass 61.5 59.7 –1.8 –2.9

325 Structural Clay Products 33.1 33.4 0.3 0.9

326 Pottery and Related Products 40.2 38.6 –1.6 –4.0

3291 Abrasive Products 19.6 19.3 –0.3 –1.5

3325 Steel Foundries, n.e.c 26.4 25.4 –1.0 –3.8

34 Fabricated Metal Products 207.1 208.0 0.9 0.4

342 Cutlery, Handtools, and General Hardware 12.1 12.0 –0.1 –0.8

3423 Hand and Edge Tools, except Machine Tools 44.5 44.6 0.1 0.2

343 Heating Equipment, except Electric

and Warm Air 56.3 59.0 2.7 4.8

3442 Metal Doors, Sash, Frames, Molding, Trim 74.7 77.1 2.4 3.2

3443 Fabricated Plate Work (Boiler Shops) 103.2 102.4 –0.8 –0.8

3452 Bolts, Nuts, Screws, Rivets, Washers 47.8 48.6 0.8 1.7

3462 Iron and Steel Forgings 30.6 31.0 0.4 1.3

3494 Valves and Pipe Fittings, n.e.c. 25.2 25.3 0.1 0.4

35 Industrial Machinery and Equipment 91.4 91.9 0.5 0.5

352 Farm and Garden Machinery and Equipment 26.2 26.8 0.6 2.3

3523 Farm Machinery and Equipment 71.8 73.6 1.8 2.5

353 Construction, Mining, and Materials 18.7 18.6 –0.1 –0.5

3532 Mining Machinery and Equipment, 

except Oil and etc. 16.7 16.3 –0.4 –2.4

3537 Industrial Trucks, Tractors, Trailers, 

and Stackers 29.5 28.9 –0.6 –2.0

3541 Machine Tools, Metal Cutting Types 41.0 41.8 0.8 2.0

3542 Machine Tools, Metal Forming Types 17.6 17.2 –0.4 –2.3

355 Special Industry Machinery, except 

Metalworking Machinery 112.9 110.3 –2.6 –2.3
Code 1995– 1995–

(1987) Industry 1995 1996 1996 1996

3555 Printing Trades Machinery and Equipment 23.8 21.6 –2.2 –9.2

356 General Industrial Machinery and Equipment 86.4 85.2 –1.2 –1.4

3564 Industrial and Commercial Fans and Blowers 35.0 35.6 0.6 1.7

3566 Speed Changers, Industrial High-Speed Drives 17.5 17.3 –0.2 –1.1

3568 Mechanical Power Transmission 

Equipment, n.e.c. 21.4 21.1 –0.3 –1.4

3679 Electronic Components, n.e.c. 140.8 141.7 0.9 0.6

3713 Truck and Bus Bodies 37.8 37.7 –0.1 –0.3

3715 Truck Trailers 36.1 30.9 –5.2 –14.4

3732 Boat Building and Repairing 53.5 54.4 0.9 1.7

379 Miscellaneous Transportation Equipment 50.3 53.0 2.7 5.4

387 Watches, Clocks, Clockwork Devices and Parts 7.6 7.2 –0.4 –5.3

3942 Dolls and Stuffed Toys 41.8 40.6 –1.2 –2.9

3949 Sporting and Athletic Goods, n.e.c. 77.6 73.5 –4.1 –5.3

395 Pens, Pencils, Office and Art Supplies 31.8 32.7 0.9 2.8

Transportation, Communications,

and Public Utilities 1,970.9 1,940.6 –30.3 –1.5

41 Local and Interurban Passenger Transit 31.3 34.5 3.2 10.2

413 Intercity and Rural Bus Transportation 24.6 28.1 3.5 14.2

421 Trucking and Courier Services, except Air 1,777.5 1,743.7 –33.8 –1.9

44 Water Transportation 39.6 37.0 –2.6 –6.6

444 Water Transportation of Freight 13.1 14.0 0.9 6.9

449 Services Incidental to Water Transportation 116.1 117.8 1.7 1.5

Wholesale Trade 1,681.9 1,718.3 36.4 2.2

504 Professional and Commercial Equipment 344.4 358.6 14.2 4.1

5047 Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equipment 182.4 189.2 6.8 3.7

5065 Electronic Parts and Equipment 236.2 238.3 2.1 0.9

511 Paper and Paper Products 264.9 270.4 5.5 2.1

514 Groceries and Related Products 454.5 462.6 8.1 1.8

516 Chemicals and Allied Products 144.8 143.6 –1.2 –0.8

5182 Wine and Distilled Alcoholic Beverages 54.7 55.6 0.9 1.6

Retail Trade 1,547.1 1,643.7 96.6 6.2

54 Food Stores 151.0 183.9 32.9 21.8

573 Radio, TV, and Music Stores 133.2 143.5 10.3 7.7

150 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 151

Code 1995– 1995–

(1987) Industry 1995 1996 1996 1996

5731 Radio, Television, and Consumer Electronics 180.1 197.1 17.0 9.4

591 Drug Stores and Proprietary Stores 615.6 626.7 11.1 1.8

5942 Book Stores 127.7 135.6 7.9 6.2

5949 Sewing, Needlework, and Piece Goods Stores 57.0 56.2 –0.8 –1.4

596 Nonstore Retailers 56.9 56.4 –0.5 –0.9

5961 Catalog and Mail–Order Houses 225.6 244.3 18.7 8.3

Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 1,353.2 1,417.1 63.9 4.7

6022 State Commercial Banks 589.6 604.2 14.6 2.5

6035 Savings Institutions, Federally Chartered 145.7 141.0 –4.7 –3.2

61 Nondepository Credit Institutions 22.9 24.5 1.6 7.0

614 Personal Credit Institutions 148.3 160.4 12.1 8.2

616 Mortgage Bankers and Brokers 215.9 241.0 25.1 11.6

623 Security and Commodity Exchanges 24.1 24.9 0.8 3.3

628 Services Allied with Exchange of Securities 100.8 107.4 6.6 6.5

671 Holding Offices 105.9 113.7 7.8 7.4

Services 7,286.2 7,563.9 277.7 3.8

70 Hotels and Other Lodging Places 43.0 48.9 5.9 13.7

701 Hotels, Motels, and Tourist Courts 1,537.3 1,578.9 41.6 2.7

722 Photographic Portrait Studios 80.5 85.3 4.8 6.0

729 Miscellaneous Personal Services 132.5 130.9 –1.6 –1.2

737 Computer and Data Processing Services 208.8 235.3 26.5 12.7

7371 Computer Programming Services 256.9 287.1 30.2 11.8

7372 Prepackaged Software 195.2 217.7 22.5 11.5

7373 Computer Integrated Systems Design 132.9 147.1 14.2 10.7

738 Miscellaneous Business Services 850.0 890.4 40.4 4.8

7381 Detective, Guard, and Armored 

Car Services 550.9 550.1 –0.8 –0.1

7382 Security Systems Services 49.0 51.0 2.0 4.1

751 Automotive Rentals, without Drivers 69.3 71.7 2.4 3.5

752 Automobile Parking 65.0 66.1 1.1 1.7

783 Motion Pictures 170.3 178.6 8.3 4.9

8051 Skilled Nursing Care Facilities 1,270.6 1,304.3 33.7 2.7

808 Home Health Care Services 651.3 666.7 15.4 2.4

82 Educational Services 156.9 164.2 7.3 4.7
Code 1995– 1995–

(1987) Industry 1995 1996 1996 1996

8711 Engineering and Architectural Services 639.1 659.3 20.2 3.2

873 Research, Development, and

Testing Services 94.0 94.2 0.2 0.2

8733 Research and Testing Services 132.7 136.1 3.4 2.6

1 Represents sum of three–digit components, which are also shown separately. 2 Represents two-digit industries with three-digit industry breakout. However, because of the

inability to distribute all industry employment, industry components do not equal the specified

two-digit total. If the industry was clearly large-business-dominated or small-business-dominated,

the two-digit industry was listed to represent the overall two-digit industry total. 3 Each two-digit subcomponent industry reflects both the sum of the separately enumerated

three-digit components and a residual component representing industries not covered by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Note: Excludes self-employed workers. Small-business-dominated industries are industries in

which a minimum of 60 percent of employment is in firms with fewer than 500 employees.

While 99.9 percent of industry employment was allocated to small, large, and indeterminate industries, about 2 percent of employment in the manufacturing and service sectors could not be

allocated because of SIC code inconsistencies.

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data provided by the

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings.

152 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 153

Table A.22 Employment by Firm Size and Major Industrial Sector, December 1995 and December 1996 (Thousand

Small-Business- Large-Business- Indeterminate

Dominated Industries Dominated Industries Industries T

Industry 1995 1996 1995 1996 1995 1996 1995 Total, All Industries 46,577.8 48,126.7 33,991.4 34,354.5 18,596.1 19,040.9 99,165.3 Agricultural Services 543.7 574.0 NA NA NA NA 543.7 

Mining 32.9 34.3 312.2 296.0 224.6 234.9 569.7 

Construction 5,131.3 5,423.8 NA NA NA NA 5,131.3 

Manufacturing 3,436.7 3,434.5 10,460.3 10,372.3 4,532.2 4,522.4 18,429.2 Transportation 1,078.8 1,136.5 3,227.1 3,289.5 1,970.9 1,940.6 6,276.8 

Wholesale Trade 4,022.9 4,125.2 793.7 815.3 1,681.9 1,718.3 6,498.5 Retail Trade 13,166.3 13,595.8 7,209.4 7,334.1 1,547.1 1,643.7 21,922.8 

Finance, Insurance, Real Estate 2,345.5 2,413.1 3,167.5 3,202.9 1,353.2 1,417.1 6,866.2 Services 16,819.7 17,389.5 8,741.2 9,044.4 7,286.2 7,563.9 32,847.1 

NA = Lack of industry representation within that size category. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.Note: Excludes self-employed workers. Small-business-dominated industries are industries in which a minimum of 60 percent of employme

with fewer than 500 employees. While 99.9 percent of industry employment was allocated to small, large, and indeterminate industries, about 2 ployment in the manufacturing and service sectors could not be allocated because of SIC code inconsistencies. 

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data provided by the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Stati

ment and Earnings.
Table A.23 Nonfarm Proprietorship Income and Wage-and-Salary Income by SBA Region and State, 1995 and 199

(Millions of Dollars)

Nonfarm Proprietorship Income

Wage-and-Salary Income Total Earned Incom

Percent Percent 

SBA Region/State 1995 1996 Change Rank 1995 1996 Change Rank 1995 1996 United States 449,257 471,878 5.0 3,423,330 3,623,409 5.8 3,872,587 4,095,287 

Region I 25,666 26,766 4.3 202,500 213,273 5.3 228,166 240,038 

Connecticut 6,788 7,024 3.5 44 56,635 59,337 4.8 36 63,423 66,361 

Maine 1,995 2,088 4.6 35 12,941 13,432 3.8 45 14,936 15,520 

Massachusetts 12,232 12,836 4.9 33 99,575 105,677 6.1 18 111,807 118,513 

New Hampshire 2,296 2,389 4.1 40 14,642 15,449 5.5 27 16,938 17,837 

Rhode Island 1,328 1,369 3.1 48 12,109 12,415 2.5 49 13,436 13,784 

Vermont 1,029 1,060 3.1 49 6,598 6,963 5.5 25 7,626 8,023 

Region II 53,448 55,421 3.7 412,226 431,858 4.8 465,674 487,279 

New Jersey 15,009 15,589 3.9 41 126,412 132,501 4.8 34 141,421 148,090 

New York 38,439 39,832 3.6 43 285,814 299,357 4.7 37 324,252 339,189 

Region III 42,634 44,262 3.8 365,700 382,728 4.7 408,334 426,990 

Dela

ware 1,646 1,738 5.6 21 11,185 11,929 6.7 11 12,831 13,667 

District Of Columbia 2,238 2,334 4.3 38 29,149 29,448 1.0 50 31,387 31,782 

Maryland 7,201 7,477 3.8 42 67,719 70,667 4.4 43 74,920 78,144 

Pennsylvania 21,854 22,576 3.3 46 150,119 157,228 4.7 38 171,973 179,804 

Virginia 7,633 7,982 4.6 37 91,224 96,563 5.9 19 98,857 104,545 

West Virginia 2,062 2,157 4.6 36 16,304 16,893 3.6 46 18,366 19,050 

Region IV 61,906 65,576 5.9 560,370 595,779 6.3 622,276 661,354 

Alabama 4,976 5,281 6.1 15 46,079 48,185 4.6 41 51,054 53,466 

Florida 16,298 17,140 5.2 29 159,372 171,163 7.4 10 175,670 188,302 

Georgia 10,474 11,190 6.8 7 94,306 101,801 7.9 7 104,780 112,991 

Kentucky 4,659 4,914 5.5 25 40,644 42,910 5.6 23 45,304 47,824 

Mississippi 3,110 3,302 6.2 14 24,006 25,153 4.8 35 27,116 28,455 

North Carolina 9,533 10,176 6.7 9 90,417 96,083 6.3 14 99,950 106,258 

South Carolina 3,665 3,875 5.7 20 40,790 42,695 4.7 40 44,456 46,570 

Tennessee 9,190 9,699 5.5 24 64,757 67,790 4.7 39 73,947 77,489 

Region V 68,968 72,634 5.3 656,268 691,889 5.4 725,235 764,522 

Illinois 20,015 21,099 5.4 26 173,789 182,879 5.2 28 193,804 203,978 

154 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 155

Indiana 8,152 8,565 5.1 30 72,681 76,212 4.9 33 80,833 84,777 

Michigan 11,351 11,834 4.3 39 132,977 139,438 4.9 32 144,328 151,271 

Minnesota 7,302 7,813 7.0 6 66,501 72,179 8.5 5 73,802 79,992 

Ohio 15,540 16,312 5.0 32 144,862 152,092 5.0 31 160,401 168,403 

Wisconsin 6,608 7,013 6.1 16 65,459 69,089 5.5 24 72,067 76,102 

Region VI 61,588 64,937 5.4 342,598 365,237 6.6 404,185 430,174 

Arkansas 3,505 3,727 6.3 12 23,899 25,121 5.1 30 27,404 28,848 

Louisiana 6,368 6,754 6.1 17 44,124 46,122 4.5 42 50,492 52,876 

New Mexico 2,149 2,278 6.0 18 17,117 17,830 4.2 44 19,266 20,108 

Oklahoma 5,297 5,456 3.0 50 31,653 33,602 6.2 17 36,949 39,058 

Texas 44,270 46,722 5.5 23 225,805 242,562 7.4 9 270,075 289,284 

Region VII 18,767 19,865 5.9 148,478 156,884 5.7 167,245 176,749 

Io

wa 4,312 4,580 6.2 13 32,056 33,825 5.5 26 36,369 38,405 

Kansas 4,131 4,413 6.8 8 30,105 32,030 6.4 13 34,236 36,443 

Missouri 7,900 8,327 5.4 27 66,701 70,153 5.2 29 74,600 78,480 

Nebraska 2,424 2,545 5.0 31 19,617 20,876 6.4 12 22,040 23,420 

Region VIII 14,281 15,220 6.6 101,891 109,730 7.7 116,172 124,949 

Colorado 7,143 7,618 6.6 11 52,810 57,086 8.1 6 59,953 64,704 

Montana 1,564 1,647 5.3 28 7,697 8,142 5.8 20 9,261 9,789 

North Dakota 937 1,018 8.6 2 6,527 6,934 6.2 15 7,465 7,951 

South Dakota 1,444 1,550 7.4 3 7,123 7,532 5.7 21 8,567 9,083 

Utah 2,246 2,409 7.3 4 22,486 24,653 9.6 2 24,732 27,062 

Wyoming 947 978 3.3 45 5,248 5,383 2.6 48 6,195 6,361 

Region IX 81,782 85,798 4.9 502,552 535,700 6.6 584,335 621,498 

Arizona 5,170 5,517 6.7 10 48,249 52,870 9.6 3 53,419 58,386 

California 71,263 74,635 4.7 34 414,927 440,619 6.2 16 486,190 515,254 

Ha

waii 2,357 2,341 -0.7 51 16,770 16,941 1.0 51 19,127 19,282 

Nevada 2,992 3,306 10.5 1 22,606 25,270 11.8 1 25,599 28,576 

Region X 20,217 21,400 5.9 130,749 140,334 7.3 150,966 161,734 

Alaska 1,399 1,443 3.2 47 9,252 9,503 2.7 47 10,651 10,946 

Idaho 2,247 2,380 5.9 19 11,741 12,403 5.6 22 13,988 14,782 

Oregon 5,713 6,116 7.1 5 38,164 41,461 8.6 4 43,876 47,576 

Washington 10,859 11,462 5.5 22 71,592 76,969 7.5 8 82,451 88,430 

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
United States 6,064,096 6,383,273 5.3

Region I 363,938 381,737 4.9

Connecticut 103,862 108,491 4.5 41

Maine 24,845 25,866 4.1 45

Massachusetts 170,031 179,206 5.4 18

New Hampshire 29,331 30,788 5.0 27

Rhode Island 23,560 24,491 3.9 46

Vermont 12,308 12,895 4.8 34

Region II 738,336 770,455 4.4

New Jersey 236,871 247,766 4.6 38

New York 501,465 522,689 4.2 43

Region III 644,111 672,573 4.4

Delaware 18,716 19,816 5.9 14

District of Columbia 18,541 18,976 2.3 50

Maryland 132,557 137,680 3.9 47

Pennsylvania 283,778 296,566 4.5 39

Virginia 158,195 165,859 4.8 30

West Virginia 32,324 33,676 4.2 44

Region IV 1,005,179 1,063,495 5.8

Alabama 80,733 84,602 4.8 32

Florida 324,770 345,236 6.3 9

Georgia 154,619 165,086 6.8 7

Kentucky 71,948 75,640 5.1 21

Mississippi 44,476 46,643 4.9 29

North Carolina 148,958 158,078 6.1 11

South Carolina 69,418 72,691 4.7 36

Tennessee 110,258 115,520 4.8 33

Region V 1,124,336 1,180,055 5.0

Illinois 298,300 312,968 4.9 28

Indiana 124,297 130,137 4.7 37

Michigan 227,829 237,692 4.3 42

Minnesota 109,853 117,442 6.9 6

Ohio 250,313 262,240 4.8 35

Wisconsin 113,744 119,576 5.1 22

Region VI 611,408 646,797 5.8

Arkansas 43,642 45,813 5.0 26

Louisiana 81,917 85,588 4.5 40

New Mexico 30,396 31,854 4.8 31

Oklahoma 60,528 63,626 5.1 23

Texas 394,926 419,916 6.3 8

Region VII 263,546 277,448 5.3

Iowa 58,233 61,250 5.2 20

156 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 157

Kansas 55,341 58,500 5.7 15

Missouri 33,902 35,784 5.6 16

Nebraska 116,071 121,915 5.0 25

Region VIII 175,786 187,435 6.6

Colorado 89,340 95,571 7.0 5

Montana 15,720 16,540 5.2 19

North Dakota 11,717 12,411 5.9 13

South Dakota 13,766 14,591 6.0 12

Utah 35,397 38,156 7.8 2

Wyoming 9,846 10,166 3.3 48

Region IX 906,466 958,153 5.7

Arizona 85,769 92,299 7.6 3

California 754,400 795,473 5.4 17

Hawaii 29,024 29,630 2.1 51

Nevada 37,274 40,751 9.3 1

Region X 230,991 245,127 6.1

Alaska 14,476 14,898 2.9 49

Idaho 21,315 22,393 5.1 24

Oregon 67,330 72,059 7.0 4

Washington 127,870 135,778 6.2 10

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
United States 8,896 8,970 0.8

Region I 543 508 –6.4

Connecticut 121 117 –3.3 33

Maine 73 70 –4.1 35

Massachusetts 231 213 –7.8 44

New Hampshire 60 51 –15.0 50

Rhode Island 23 23 0.0 25

Vermont 35 34 –2.9 31

Region II 712 641 –10.0

New Jersey 210 177 –15.7 51

New York 502 464 –7.6 43

Region III 763 789 3.4

Delaware 19 18 –5.3 39

District of Columbia 12 14 16.7 6

Maryland 131 162 23.7 1

Pennsylvania 373 379 1.6 19

Virginia 184 166 –9.8 46

West Virginia 44 50 13.6 7

Region IV 1,469 1,541 4.9

Alabama 127 128 0.8 23

Florida 431 412 –4.4 36

Georgia 213 251 17.8 4

Kentucky 126 113 –10.3 47

Mississippi 63 74 17.5 5

North Carolina 231 249 7.8 9

South Carolina 101 102 1.0 21

Tennessee 177 212 19.8 3

Region V 1,421 1,406 –1.1

Illinois 331 332 0.3 24

Indiana 175 166 –5.1 38

Michigan 264 272 3.0 17

Minnesota 188 175 –6.9 42

Ohio 318 308 –3.1 32

Wisconsin 145 153 5.5 12

Region VI 1,109 1,130 1.9

Arkansas 86 77 –10.5 48

Louisiana 131 126 –3.8 34

New Mexico 82 80 –2.4 30

Oklahoma 119 122 2.5 18

Texas 691 725 4.9 13

Region VII 439 447 1.8

Iowa 111 112 0.9 22

158 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 159

Kansas 89 92 3.4 16

Missouri 176 183 4.0 14

Nebraska 63 60 –4.8 37

Region VIII 345 377 9.3

Colorado 152 183 20.4 2

Montana 52 54 3.8 15

North Dakota 27 24 –11.1 49

South Dakota 30 28 –6.7 41

Utah 61 65 6.6 10

Wyoming 23 23 0.0 25

Region IX 1,641 1,649 0.5

Arizona 137 135 –1.5 28

California 1,403 1,418 1.1 20

Hawaii 51 47 –7.8 45

Nevada 50 49 –2.0 29

Region X 454 482 6.2

Alaska 35 33 –5.7 40

Idaho 57 57 0.0 25

Oregon 148 166 12.2 8

Washington 214 226 5.6 11

Note: The self-employed are aged 16 and over, and in nonagricultural industries.

Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, Table 19.
Table A.26 Characteristics of Business Owners, 1992 (Percentage of Owners)

Total Year the Owner Acquired or Started the Firm Owner's Age 

Number of Before 1980- 1986- Under 

Owners 1980 1985 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 25 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 

Total 19,287,649 22.4 19.6 18.0 8.3 8.5 9.2 14.1 2.4 15.0 28.7 24.3 18.5 Number of Employees

0 15,583,586 20.0 18.2 17.6 8.3 8.8 10.1 16.9 2.8 16.2 27.8 23.1 18.7 

1-4 1,716,076 28.4 25.3 20.3 8.8 7.5 5.9 3.8 0.6 11.0 33.1 28.7 17.1 

5-9 . 503,808 34.6 24.0 19.2 6.5 8.0 5.0 2.8 1.0 10.0 31.4 30.1 19.2 10-19 256,110 32.4 24.4 18.0 7.9 6.5 6.2 4.5 1.5 11.5 34.0 25.6 17.3 20-49 144,734 32.0 25.9 17.1 6.3 5.4 8.8 4.5 1.2 10.6 29.0 29.0 18.6 50-99 45,331 39.5 23.1 16.5 7.9 4.5 4.1 4.5 1.4 10.3 24.5 26.4 23.0 100+ 33,062 35.1 31.1 19.8 4.0 4.0 2.2 3.9 2.1 8.0 26.7 32.0 20.3 

Race, Origin, and Gender

Hispanic 811,287 16.0 18.1 16.1 7.7 10.2 11.1 20.8 3.1 20.0 29.3 26.2 15.6 Black 638,203 20.1 17.3 15.5 8.0 8.8 10.7 19.6 1.7 13.2 28.8 26.9 19.1 Other Minority 697,710 15.5 18.7 16.4 9.2 10.4 11.8 18.1 3.1 14.7 32.6 27.7 15.4 Women 6,447,988 17.7 19.1 18.6 7.3 9.3 10.7 17.3 2.9 15.8 28.8 23.4 18.9 

Nonminority Male 11,498,830 25.3 20.0 17.9 8.8 8.0 8.2 11.9 2.1 14.3 28.5 24.4 18.7 

Industry

Agricultural Services, Forestry, 

Fishing, and Mining 648,074 25.5 18.6 17.5 7.8 9.1 8.5 12.9 4.2 13.9 32.9 20.5 18.9 

Construction 1,973,461 24.7 16.2 13.2 9.4 9.4 9.5 17.7 3.1 21.1 29.8 21.9 16.5 

Manufacturing 639,469 26.2 20.7 17.4 6.4 7.8 9.0 12.5 1.6 15.3 29.5 21.9 18.9 Transportation, Communications, and 

Public Utilities 752,946 16.8 18.0 18.2 9.2 8.4 9.1 20.3 2.6 14.6 27.8 26.6 18.9 

160 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 161

Wholesale Trade 648,722 24.2 18.9 19.0 7.5 9.3 10.6 10.5 1.8 11.1 27.8 28.0 18.1 Retail Trade 2,717,455 22.1 18.3 16.7 7.7 8.7 10.4 16.0 2.4 16.7 27.5 24.4 19.3 

Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 2,797,739 28.9 24.6 20.8 6.6 5.1 7.9 6.2 0.9 6.9 21.2 27.3 25.2 

Services 8,216,918 19.6 19.8 18.7 9.1 9.6 9.1 14.2 2.4 16.4 31.3 23.6 16.6 

Not Classified 892,865 16.1 15.0 16.5 7.0 7.8 10.7 26.9 6.5 15.1 29.8 23.5 15.0 

Note: About 3 percent of the employer size category of 0 are firms that reported payroll but no employees. The survey excluded non-S cor

large companies), and business tax returns with less than $500 in business receipts. Includes allocations for nonresponding owners. “Other MinAsian, Pacific Islander, American Indian, and Alaska Native.

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, based on data from the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Cens

tics of Business Owners, 1992
Table A.27 Characteristics of Firms, 1992 (Percentage of Firms)

Survived

Number of Year Closed* until HomeFirms 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 Based Export

Total 17,253,143 7.3 6.7 5.8 4.7 75.5 56.6 1.8 Number of Employees

0 14,554,022 8.3 7.7 6.5 5.1 72.4 60.3 1.6 

1-4 1,716,076 3.7 1.4 2.1 3.2 89.6 27.3 2.2 

5-9 . 503,808 1.0 1.6 2.6 3.3 91.5 13.6 2.7 10-19 256,110 1.4 1.3 2.3 2.2 92.9 8.2 4.3 20-49 144,734 0.4 1.4 3.7 2.4 92.1 6.1 6.9 50-99 45,331 1.1 1.0 1.7 1.7 94.4 1.4 11.6 100+ 33,062 1.4 2.7 3.8 0.8 91.3 0.3 14.7 

Race, Origin, and Gender

Hispanic 771,708 8.2 7.2 4.9 5.5 74.3 49.2 2.7 Black 620,912 10.3 8.0 6.8 6.0 68.9 55.6 0.8 

Other Minority 606,438 5.1 6.4 4.7 4.6 79.2 36.1 2.3 Women 5,888,883 8.5 7.0 5.9 5.1 73.5 58.2 1.1 

Nonminority Male 10,114,456 6.6 6.5 5.9 4.6 76.4 51.9 2.1 

Industry

Agricultural Services, Forestry, 

Fishing, and Mining 583,253 8.3 3.9 4.0 7.0 76.8 57.7 1.6 

Construction 1,829,620 7.9 9.2 4.3 6.8 71.8 77.5 0.3 

Manufacturing 517,714 5.1 4.6 5.3 3.4 81.6 51.7 9.3 Transportation, Communications, and 

Public Utilities 698,903 8.5 7.2 5.7 7.6 70.9 52.4 1.5 

Wholesale Trade 538,339 6.9 6.7 5.6 3.0 77.7 52.7 8.0 

162 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 163

Retail Trade 2,478,045 6.9 4.8 5.5 5.0 77.8 41.6 1.5 

Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 1.941,029 3.6 3.9 6.3 3.7 82.6 35.5 1.0 

Services 7,784,016 8.0 7.3 6.2 4.2 74.3 55.8 1.5 

Not Classified 882,224 11.4 9.5 6.6 4.8 67.6 58.1 1.1 

*Data are available on firms that closed between 1992 and 1996 because the 1992 Characteristics of Business Owners reflects a 1997 su

existence in 1992.

Note: About 3 percent of the employer size category of 0 are firms that reported payroll but no employees. The survey excluded non-S cor

large companies), and business tax returns with less than $500 in business receipts. Includes allocations for nonresponding owners. “Other MinAsian, Pacific Islander, American Indian, and Alaska Native.

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, based on data from the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Cens

tics of Business Owners, 1992.
Table A.28

Women-Owned Firms by SBA Region and State, 1987 and 1992

Women-Owned Firms All U.S. Firms

Percent Perce

1995 1996 Change Rank 1995 1996 Chan

United States 4,114,787 5,888,883 43.1 13,695,480 17,253,143 26

Region I 247,254 336,641 36.2 819,319 1,014,250 23

Connecticut 60,924 79,931 31.2 47 196,537 237,705 20

Maine 23,922 35,260 47.4 17 88,208 109,360 24

Massachusetts 111,376 147,572 32.5 46 356,780 442,848 24

New Hampshire 22,713 31,492 38.7 34 79,771 97,772 22

Rhode Island 14,517 21,353 47.1 18 52,780 67,641 28

Vermont 13,802 21,033 52.4 9 45,243 58,924 30

Region II 402,285 560,742 39.4 1,337,461 1,676,904 25

New Jersey 117,373 164,798 40.4 29 406,792 517,204 27

New York 284,912 395,944 39.0 31 930,669 1,159,700 24

Region III 386,932 547,918 41.6 1,275,511 1,620,401 27

Dela

ware 9,727 14,904 53.2 7 30,976 42,228 36

District of Columbia 10,987 14,599 32.9 44 29,244 35,344 20

Maryland 81,891 121,777 48.7 16 244,071 328,403 34

Pennsylvania 167,362 227,500 35.9 39 595,653 728,063 22

Virginia 94,416 138,494 46.7 19 297,541 391,451 31

West Virginia 22,549 30,644 35.9 40 78,026 94,912 21

Region IV 643,443 990,180 53.9 2,255,180 2,986,803 32

Alabama 48,018 71,466 48.8 15 178,119 227,119 27

Florida 221,361 352,048 59.0 4 735,810 1,000,542 36

Georgia 88,050 143,045 62.5 2 305,382 425,118 39

Kentucky 53,454 74,280 39.0 32 193,806 236,525 22

Mississippi 28,976 40,879 41.1 27 112,245 135,497 20

North Carolina 93,532 142,516 52.4 10 329,373 439,301 33

South Carolina 42,604 64,812 52.1 11 149,190 197,330 32

Tennessee 67,448 101,134 49.9 13 251,255 325,371 29

Region V 712,370 1,018,037 42.9 2,335,756 2,967,770 27

Illinois 177,057 250,613 41.5 26 573,973 726,974 26

Indiana 89,949 125,411 39.4 30 294,570 364,253 23

164 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 165

Michigan 133,958 193,820 44.7 21 426,656 551,091 29

Minnesota 88,137 124,143 40.9 28 280,249 358,921 28

Ohio 154,084 224,693 45.8 20 521,123 666,183 27

Wisconsin 69,185 99,357 43.6 22 239,185 300,348 25

Region VI 478,546 664,998 39.0 1,671,035 2,006,843 20

Arkansas 35,469 50,440 42.2 25 134,766 159,820 18

Louisiana 55,852 76,849 37.6 35 204,723 236,589 15

New Mexico 25,397 40,636 60.0 3 82,253 107,377 30

Oklahoma 63,690 82,894 30.2 48 223,676 246,936 10

Texas 298,138 414,179 38.9 33 1,025,617 1,256,121 22

Region VII 227,040 298,991 31.7 739,656 871,292 17

Missouri 87,658 117,885 34.5 43 174,121 206,840 18

Io

wa 53,592 71,040 32.6 45 169,593 191,262 12

Kansas 53,505 66,429 24.2 49 293,131 348,978 19

Nebraska 32,285 43,637 35.2 42 102,811 124,212 20

Region VIII 173,827 240,782 38.5 551,525 673,828 22

Colorado 89,411 121,659 36.1 38 262,597 323,147 23

Montana 17,747 25,310 42.6 24 63,623 75,331 18

North Dakota 12,689 15,355 21.0 50 42,717 48,368 13

South Dakota 13,374 18,215 36.2 37 47,829 57,084 19

Utah 29,810 45,626 53.1 8 100,186 129,202 29

Wyoming 10,796 14,617 35.4 41 34,573 40,696 17

Region IX 660,915 956,960 44.8 2,121,872 2,674,500 26

Arizona 60,567 93,300 54.0 6 191,908 248,337 29

California 559,821 801,487 43.2 23 1,809,252 2,259,327 24

Ha

waii 21,696 29,743 37.1 36 60,928 79,050 29

Nevada 18,831 32,430 72.2 1 59,784 87,786 46

Region X 187,579 268,229 43.0 588,165 759,552 29

Alaska 19,380 13,976 -27.9 51 48,784 58,898 20

Idaho 18,973 29,946 57.8 5 68,006 88,712 30

Oregon 58,941 87,970 49.3 14 185,151 238,967 29

Washington 90,285 136,337 51.0 12 286,224 372,975 30

Note: The survey excluded non-S corporations and business tax returns with less than $500 in business receipts per year.Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, based upon data published by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau 

1992 Economic Census, Women-Owned Businesses.
Table A.29 Minority-Owned Firms by SBA Region and State, 1987 and 1992

Asians and Pacific Islanders, Total

Black Hispanic American Indians and Alaska Natives Minority-Ow

Percent Percent Percent 

1987 1992 Change Rank 1987 1992 Change Rank 1987 1992 Change Rank 1987 1992 

United States 424,165 620,912 46.4 422,373 771,708 82.7 376,711 606,423 61.0 1,223,249 1,999,058 

Region I 9,769 14,216 45.5 5,798 13,978 141.1 7,116 12,904 81.3 22,683 41,098 

Connecticut 4,061 5,714 40.7 38 2,235 4,502 101.4 23 2,051 3,485 69.9 26 8,347 13,701 

Maine 131 235 79.4 5 139 427 207.2 1 233 483 107.3 5 503 1,145 

Massachusetts 4,761 7,225 51.8 20 2,636 6,914 162.3 10 3,916 7,009 79.0 15 11,313 21,148 New Hampshire 229 46 -79.9 51 244 487 99.6 24 333 666 100.0 6 806 1,199 

Rhode Island 489 857 75.3 8 426 1,297 204.5 3 472 987 109.1 4 1,387 3,141 

Vermont 98 139 41.8 36 118 351 197.5 4 111 274 146.8 1 327 764 Region II 50,845 71,449 40.5 40,348 72,799 80.4 48,922 86,169 76.1 140,115 230,417 

New Jersey 14,556 20,137 38.3 41 12,094 22,198 83.5 36 12,665 23,116 82.5 12 39,315 65,451 

New York 36,289 51,312 41.4 37 28,254 50,601 79.1 41 36,257 63,053 73.9 19 100,800 164,966 

Region III 9,674 12,171 25.8 9,420 22,391 137.7 25,143 42,416 68.7 44,237 76,978 

Dela

ware 1,399 2,060 47.2 24 184 497 170.1 8 479 809 68.9 27 2,062 3,366 

District of Columbia 8,275 10,111 22.2 49 762 1,452 90.6 29 807 1,393 72.6 20 9,844 12,956 

Maryland 21,678 35,758 65.0 12 2,931 7,289 148.7 13 7,954 13,697 72.2 22 32,563 56,744 

Pennsylvania 11,728 15,917 35.7 43 2,650 5,186 95.7 26 7,189 12,053 67.7 29 21,567 33,156 

Virginia 18,781 26,100 39.0 40 2,716 7,654 181.8 7 8,163 13,752 68.5 28 29,660 47,506 

West Virginia 727 1,093 50.3 21 177 313 76.8 43 551 712 29.2 48 1,455 2,118 

Region IV 35,612 55,078 54.7 69,273 131,611 90.0 22,663 42,674 88.3 127,548 229,363 

Alabama 10,085 14,707 45.8 26 397 1,029 159.2 12 1,007 1,777 76.5 18 11,489 17,513 

Florida 25,527 40,371 58.2 15 64,413 118,208 83.5 37 8,902 17,499 96.6 8 98,842 176,078 

Georgia 21,283 38,264 79.8 3 1,931 5,501 184.9 6 4,221 8,961 112.3 3 27,435 52,726 Kentucky 3,738 5,097 36.4 42 359 752 109.5 22 899 1,614 79.5 14 4,996 7,463 

Mississippi 9,667 14,067 45.5 28 308 660 114.3 20 1,178 1,765 49.8 40 11,153 16,492 

North Carolina 19,487 29,221 50.0 22 918 2,802 205.2 2 3,827 6,155 60.8 33 24,232 38,178 

South Carolina 12,815 18,343 43.1 33 393 1,057 169.0 9 965 1,877 94.5 9 14,173 21,277 

Tennessee 10,423 14,920 43.1 32 554 1,602 189.2 5 1,664 3,026 81.9 13 12,641 19,548 

Region V 24,878 36,782 47.8 17,351 33,492 93.0 28,895 45,145 56.2 71,124 115,419 

Illinois 19,011 28,433 49.6 23 9,636 18,368 90.6 28 14,872 21,743 46.2 44 43,519 68,544 

166 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 167

Indiana 5,867 8,349 42.3 34 1,427 2,454 72.0 44 1,808 3,193 76.6 17 9,102 13,996 

Michigan 13,708 19,695 43.7 31 2,654 5,036 89.8 30 4,729 7,409 56.7 36 21,091 32,140 

Minnesota 1,448 2,785 92.3 2 751 1,583 110.8 21 2,024 3,168 56.5 37 4,223 7,536 

Ohio 15,983 22,690 42.0 35 1,989 4,289 115.6 19 4,011 7,146 78.2 16 21,983 34,125 

Wisconsin 2,381 3,446 44.7 29 894 1,762 97.1 25 1,451 2,486 71.3 24 4,726 7,694 

Region VI 19,723 26,050 32.1 113,590 186,033 63.8 32,054 55,038 71.7 165,367 267,121 

Arkansas 4,392 5,738 30.6 47 324 701 116.4 18 658 1,214 84.5 11 5,374 7,653 

Louisiana 15,331 20,312 32.5 46 2,697 4,983 84.8 35 2,808 4,826 71.9 23 20,836 30,121 

New Mexico 587 925 57.6 16 14,299 21,586 51.0 48 2,155 4,608 113.8 2 17,041 27,119 

Oklahoma 3,461 4,621 33.5 44 1,516 2,854 88.3 32 3,751 5,627 50.0 39 8,728 13,102 

Texas 35,725 50,008 40.0 39 94,754 155,909 64.5 45 22,682 38,763 70.9 25 153,161 244,680 

Region VII 3,026 4,184 38.3 3,882 6,618 70.5 4,627 6,974 51.0 11,535 17,789 

Iowa 703 1,106 57.3 17 475 859 80.8 40 617 1,011 66.0 30 1,795 2,989 

Kansas 2,323 3,078 32.5 45 1,541 2,396 55.5 46 1,366 1,842 34.8 47 5,230 7,316 

Missouri 7,832 9,973 27.3 48 1,247 2,216 77.7 42 2,193 3,451 57.4 35 11,272 15,640 

Nebraska 863 1,350 56.4 18 619 1,147 85.3 34 451 670 48.6 41 1,933 3,167 

Region VIII 2,948 4,485 52.1 11,901 17,881 50.2 6,331 9,681 52.9 21,180 32,047 

Colorado 2,871 4,372 52.3 19 9,516 13,817 45.2 49 3,543 5,788 63.4 31 15,930 23,977 

Montana 77 113 46.8 25 304 568 86.8 33 612 845 38.1 46 993 1,526 

North Dakota 57 117 105.3 1 88 116 31.8 50 329 385 17.0 50 474 618 

South Dakota 63 111 76.2 7 109 239 119.3 17 375 555 48.0 42 547 905 

Utah 202 354 75.2 9 1,300 2,375 82.7 38 1,239 1,746 40.9 45 2,741 4,475 

Wyoming 81 97 19.8 50 584 766 31.2 51 233 362 55.4 38 898 1,225 

Region IX 49,539 71,904 45.1 145,050 274,644 89.3 183,832 279,685 52.1 378,421 626,233 

Arizona 1,811 2,936 62.1 13 9,845 17,835 81.2 39 3,398 5,852 72.2 21 15,054 26,623 

California 47,728 68,968 44.5 30 132,212 249,717 88.9 31 147,633 232,672 57.6 34 327,573 551,357 

Hawaii 399 717 79.7 4 1,226 3,192 160.4 11 31,406 38,392 22.2 49 33,031 42,301 

Nevada 1,002 1,736 73.3 10 1,767 3,900 120.7 16 1,395 2,769 98.5 7 4,164 8,405 Region X 601 891 48.3 5,760 12,262 112.9 17,128 25,737 50.3 23,489 38,890 

Alaska 507 739 45.8 27 502 766 52.6 47 5,034 3,916 -22.2 51 6,043 5,421 

Idaho 94 152 61.7 14 974 1,865 91.5 27 513 759 48.0 43 1,581 2,776 

Oregon 848 1,447 70.6 11 1,598 3,538 121.4 15 3,340 5,414 62.1 32 5,786 10,399 

Washington 2,583 4,575 77.1 6 2,686 6,093 126.8 14 8,241 15,648 89.9 10 13,510 26,316 

Note: The survey excluded non-S corporations and business tax returns with less than $500 in business receipts per year.Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, based upon data from the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
Table A.30 Nonfarm Sole Proprietorships and Receipts by Gender of Owner and SBA Region, 1980, 1993, and 199

1980 1993 1994 

All

WomenWomen's All

WomenWomen's All

WomenWomen's A

Nonfarm Owned Share Nonfarm Owned Share Nonfarm Owned Share Non

Industry Businesses Businesses of Total Businesses Businesses of Total Businesses Businesses of Total Busin

Nonfarm Sole ProprietorshipsU.S. Total 9,730,019 2,535,240 26.1 17,714,120 5,851,514 33.0 18,108,776 6,046,617 33.4 8

Region I 512,401 120,273 23.5 1,003,246 345,328 34.4 975,713 338,015 34.6 9

Region II 807,319 195,756 24.2 1,444,333 449,938 31.2 1,567,592 535,441 34.2 9

Region III 866,848 231,216 26.7 1,706,630 607,487 35.6 1,655,344 586,006 35.4 9

Region IV 1,480,801 370,354 25.0 3,081,432 910,503 29.5 3,180,302 982,012 30.9 11

Region V 1,774,893 481,945 27.2 2,961,719 992,327 33.5 2,953,652 1,012,598 34.3 6

Region VI 1,237,802 277,022 22.4 2,171,258 684,050 31.5 2,288,700 686,401 30.0 8

Region VII 602,859 166,643 27.6 968,144 373,898 38.6 939,739 370,086 39.4 5

Region VIII 431,948 115,755 26.8 693,420 251,191 36.2 702,536 258,797 36.8 6

Region IX 1,513,668 446,169 29.5 2,906,271 967,791 33.3 3,018,628 979,078 32.4 9

Region X 484,626 123,924 25.6 777,667 269,000 34.6 826,570 298,183 36.1 7

Receipts (Thousands of Dollars)U.S. Total 411,205,713 36,376,570 8.8 757,215,452 111,583,767 14.7 790,630,020 116,382,745 14.7 9

Region I 19,394,807 1,521,698 7.8 40,422,223 6,968,478 17.2 43,452,457 7,301,412 16.8 12

Region II 30,900,154 3,065,589 9.9 59,343,251 9,056,899 15.3 62,412,523 10,037,602 16.1 10

Region III 37,319,189 3,408,915 9.1 74,607,474 12,578,774 16.9 75,876,298 13,359,265 17.6 10

Region IV 66,605,226 5,515,772 8.3 118,737,062 15,810,869 13.3 122,819,122 17,105,406 13.9 8

Region V 73,456,559 6,463,322 8.8 111,826,788 16,180,710 14.5 115,025,971 17,138,980 14.9 5

Region VI 57,683,340 4,538,872 7.9 93,290,451 12,255,399 13.1 99,602,974 11,962,639 12.0 7

Region VII 26,636,767 2,080,737 7.8 39,045,260 5,435,742 13.9 39,692,853 5,102,696 12.9 4

Region VIII 16,337,108 1,206,690 7.4 25,954,119 3,708,266 14.3 27,847,302 3,782,841 13.6 7

Region IX 64,684,469 6,989,048 10.8 157,755,851 24,966,893 15.8 165,589,893 25,140,439 15.2 15

Region X 17,823,850 1,528,716 8.6 36,232,972 4,621,738 12.8 38,310,628 5,451,465 14.2 11

Note: Detail may not add to totals because of disclosure rules regarding the release of information for specific taxpayers. SBA regions are defined as follows: Regi

Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont; Region II: New Jersey, New York; Region III: Dela

ware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvan

Virginia; Region IV: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee; Region V: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, 

Region VI: Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas; Region VII: Io

wa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska; Region VIII: Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, Sou

Wyoming; Region IX: Arizona, California, Ha

waii, Nevada; and Region X: Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington.

Source: Special tabulations prepared for the U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Ser

168 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 169

Table A.31 Nonfarm Sole Proprietorships and Receipts by Gender of Owner and Industry Group, 1980, 1993, and 

1980 1993 1994 

All Women- Women's All Women- Women's All Women- Women's 

Nonfarm Owned Share Nonfarm Owned Share Nonfarm Owned Share 

Industry Businesses Businesses of Total Businesses Businesses of Total Businesses Businesses of Total B

Nonfarm Sole ProprietorshipsU.S. Total 9,730,019 2,535,240 26.1 17,714,120 5,851,514 33.0 18,108,776 6,046,617 33.4 

Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing 307,720 30,811 10.0 533,417 66,639 12.5 555,138 100,035 18.0 

Mining, Construction, and Manufacturing 1,409,280 84,221 6.0 2,601,303 246,727 9.5 2,700,069 264,159 9.8 

Transportation, Communications, and 

Public Utilities 438,795 27,696 6.3 748,941 107,416 14.3 792,583 103,442 13.1 

Wholesale and Retail Trade 2,527,084 824,771 32.6 3,355,345 1,302,468 38.8 3,431,291 1,448,040 42.2 

Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 1,048,966 354,801 33.8 1,519,469 549,304 36.2 1,545,943 564,869 36.5 Services 3,918,166 1,212,940 3.0 8,955,645 3,578,960 40.0 9,083,752 3,566,073 39.3 

Receipts (Thousands of Dollars)U.S. Total 411,205,713 36,376,570 8.8 757,215,452 111,583,767 14.7 790,630,020 116,382,745 14.7 

Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing 6,433,612 234,280 3.6 20,990,046 2,191,110 10.4 20,341,354 2,291,309 11.3 

Mining, Construction, and Manufacturing 71,248,141 1,977,303 2.8 133,912,242 6,543,680 4.9 146,707,341 8,312,413 5.7 

Transportation, Communications, and 

Public Utilities 19,965,525 698,144 3.5 34,578,789 3,116,564 9.0 39,534,586 3,533,654 8.9 

Wholesale and Retail Trade 202,283,802 18,937,581 9.4 236,706,170 33,625,845 14.2 241,434,176 36,872,584 15.3 Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 21,530,768 3,640,416 16.9 59,655,204 13,578,494 22.8 58,405,768 12,141,812 20.8 

Services 89,743,865 10,888,846 12.1 271,373,001 52,528,073 19.4 284,206,794 53,230,972 18.7 

Note: Detail may not add to totals because of disclosure rules regarding the release of information for specific taxpayers.

Source: Special tabulations prepared for the U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Ser
United States 125,108 126,990 1.5 

Region I 6,598 6,686 1.3

Connecticut 1,618 1,621 0.2 42

Maine 605 635 5.0 1

Massachusetts 3,006 3,052 1.5 29

New Hampshire 609 598 21.8 49

Rhode Island 454 470 3.5 5

Vermont 306 310 1.3 31

Region II 11,802 11,969 1.4

New Jersey 3,806 3,869 1.7 26

New York 7,996 8,100 1.3 32

Region III 12,765 12,839 0.6

Delaware 366 363 20.8 45

District of Columbia 260 249 24.2 51

Maryland 2,582 2,650 2.6 13

Pennsylvania 5,499 5,590 1.7 27

Virginia 3,333 3,240 22.8 50

West Virginia 725 747 3.0 8

Region IV 22,608 23,071 2.0

Alabama 1,930 1,981 2.6 12

Florida 6,473 6,586 1.7 25

Georgia 3,450 3,580 3.8 4

Kentucky 1,760 1,762 0.1 44

Mississippi 1,182 1,185 0.3 41

North Carolina 3,482 3,631 4.3 3

South Carolina 1,764 1,737 21.5 48

Tennessee 2,567 2,609 1.6 28

Region V 23,772 23,980 0.9

Illinois 5,743 5,778 0.6 36

Indiana 2,985 2,945 21.3 47

Michigan 2,502 2,505 0.1 43

Minnesota 4,480 4,572 2.1 21

Ohio 5,317 5,365 0.9 35

Wisconsin 2,745 2,815 2.6 16

170 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 171

Region VI 14,237 14,479 1.7

Arkansas 1,163 1,168 0.4 38

Louisiana 1,822 1,863 2.3 19

New Mexico 743 735 21.1 46

Oklahoma 1,475 1,513 2.6 14

Texas 9,034 9,200 1.8 23

Region VII 6,348 6,469 1.9

Iowa 1,506 1,539 2.2 20

Kansas 1,274 1,279 0.4 40

Missouri 2,692 2,765 2.7 10

Nebraska 876 886 1.1 33

Region VIII 4,298 4,355 1.3

Colorado 2,004 2,013 0.4 37

Montana 412 423 2.7 11

North Dakota 325 333 2.5 17

South Dakota 373 377 1.1 34

Utah 940 964 2.6 15

Wyoming 244 245 0.4 39

Region IX 17,616 17,946 1.9

Arizona 2,095 2,125 1.4 30

California 14,217 14,470 1.8 24

Hawaii 543 553 1.8 22

Nevada 761 798 4.9 2

Region X 5,064 5,196 2.6

Alaska 282 291 3.2 6

Idaho 569 587 3.2 7

Oregon 1,576 1,619 2.7 9

Washington 2,637 2,699 2.4 18

Source: Adapted by the U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data

provided by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, based upon

state employment security agencies’ quarterly unemployment insurance reports.
Table A.33 U.S. Business Measures, 1975–1996

Nonagricultural Business New

Year Firms I Firms II Establishments1 Self-Employment Tax Returns New Firms Incorporations Terminations Bankrup1996 6,190,907

N

A

NA 8,971,000 23,295,000 842,357 790,569 849,839 53,2

1995 6,105,470

N

A

NA 8,901,000 22,517,780 819,477 770,206 863,699 50,5

1994 6,035,538 5,276,964 6,509,065 9,003,000 21,990,202 806,855 741,654 803,290 50,81993 5,900,156 5,193,642 6,401,233 8,959,000 21,280,315 757,529 706,537 802,702 62,31992 5,791,214 5,095,356 6,319,300 8,576,000 20,849,194 736,773 666,800 819,336 69,81991 5,740,233 5,051,025 6,200,859 8,850,000 20,498,855 726,437 628,604 820,445 70,61990 5,689,402 5,073,795 6,175,559 8,719,000 20,052,917 769,124 647,675 837,511 63,91989 5,568,000 5,021,315 6,106,922 8,605,000 19,560,700 744,654 676,567 830,478 62,41988 5,513,000 4,954,645 6,016,367 8,519,000 18,619,400 733,021 685,095 763,299 62,81987 5,420,000

NA 5,937,061 8,201,000 18,351,400 748,274 685,572 723,997 81,4

1986 5,230,000

N

A 5,806,973 7,881,000 17,524,600 724,520 702,101 809,001 79,9

1985 5,142,000

NA 5,701,485 7,810,000 16,919,822 714,502 664,235 748,438 70,6

1984 5,009,000

NA 5,517,715 7,785,000 16,077,000 690,812 634,991 679,932 64,2

1983 4,837,000

NA 5,306,787 7,575,000 15,245,000 633,000 600,420 728,081 62,4

1982 4,777,000

NA 4,633,960 7,262,000 14,546,000 595,000 566,942 717,462 69,2

1981

N

A

NA 4,586,510 7,097,000 13,858,000

NA 581,242

NA 48,0

1980

N

A

NA 4,543,167 7,000,000 16,791,788

NA 533,520

NA 43,2

1979

N

A

NA 4,535,653 6,791,000 16,192,000

NA 524,565

N

A

1978

N

A

NA 4,409,223 6,429,000 15,629,000

NA 478,019

N

A

1977

N

A

NA 4,352,295 6,114,000 14,741,000

NA 436,170

N

A

1976

N

A

NA 4,142,809 5,783,000 14,536,000

NA 375,766

N

A

1975

N

A

NA 4,114,262 5,705,000 13,979,000

NA 326,345

N

A

1Units with paid employees in the fourth quarter through 1982. Data for 1983 on include units active in any quarter of the year. 2Commercial and industrial failures through 1983. Data for 1984 on include all industries.

NA = Not available.

172 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Supplementary Tables 173

Sources: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, from data provided by the following sources: Firms I from the U.S. Depar

Employment and Training Administration; firms II from the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census; establishments from the U.S. 

Commerce, Bureau of the Census; nonagricultural self-employment from the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; business tax rU.S. Department of Commerce, Internal Revenue Service; new firms from the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration

rations from the Dun & Bradstreet Corporation (new corporations or a redesignation by sole proprietorships and partnerships); terminations fro

partment of Labor, Employment and Training Administration; bankruptcies from the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, Statistical Analysis a

vision (business bankruptcy filings); and failures from the Dun & Bradstreet Corporation (business closings involving a loss to one or more credito

page 174—blank
174 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Procurement

Synopsis

The federal government spends about $200 billion a year on the procurement of goods and services. Small firms annually receive more than 20 percent of all prime contract dollars and another 10-14 percent of the federal

procurement pie in subcontracts. The small business share could range from

20.9 percent to 25 percent depending on the baseline used to calculate their

participation level. Large firms receive more than 60 percent of all federal

procurement dollars. 

Federal contract markets are changing at an unparalleled pace. Two

recent laws, the Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act (FASA), enacted in

1994, and the Federal Acquisition Reform Act (FARA) or Clinger-Cohen

Act, enacted in 1996, have had an unprecedented impact on the federal

procurement process. Additional reforms are imminent, especially with

the December 1997 enactment of both HUBZone and contract bundling

legislation.

The 1994 and 1996 laws are designed to save money, reduce paperwork

burdens on federal contractors, facilitate the acquisition of commercial

products, enhance the use of simplified procedures for small purchases,

transform the acquisition process to electronic commerce, and improve the

efficiency of the laws governing the procurement of goods and services. 

To put it simply, the reforms are intended to make the government operate more like a commercial buyer and make it easier and more appealing for

businesses to participate in government markets. Many of the implemented

changes are benefiting small firms, even though some longstanding small

business protections have been weakened or eliminated in the process. 

In FY 1996, small businesses won $66.4 billion in federal contract

awards, including $41.1 billion in direct contract awards from the federal

government and an additional $25.3 billion in subcontracts from prime contractors working directly for the federal government. 

The $66.4 billion total represents 34 percent of the $197.6 billion in

contract actions awarded by the federal government in FY 1996, a modest

increase from the previous year’s 33.0 percent small business share. The

overall share increased by about 1 percent, because more subcontract dollars were awarded to small firms, but prime contract dollars awarded to

small businesses decreased from $42.9 billion in FY 1995 to $41.1 billion in

Page 175—no folio
176 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

or 5.5 percent of total federal contract dollars. Women-owned firms were

awarded $3.4 billion in prime contracts or 1.7 percent of federal buys for

the same period.

Introduction

In fiscal year 1996, the federal government awarded $197.6 billion in contract actions for the purchase of goods and services, an amount equal to approximately 3.9 percent of the 1996 gross domestic product ($7.6 trillion) of

the United States. This amount includes contracting for the purchase of goods

and services such as research and development, educational and training

courses, paint, tools, toiletries, military weapons, housing, and hardware.

Costs associated with payment for these goods and services support federal

civilian and military personnel around the world.

The government awarded small businesses $41.1 billion in prime contract dollars, including $32.0 billion in actions over $25,000 and $9.2 billion

in actions of $25,000 or less (Table B.1 and Chart B.1).1 Small businesses received about 25 percent of prime contract dollars awarded to U.S. business

concerns and about 21 percent when their performance is compared with all

prime contract dollars including contracts for foreign military sales, contracts

with directed sources of supply (National Industries for the Blind/National

Industries for the Severely Handicapped), and contracts with educational institutions, non-profit organizations, and state and local governments. Adding

the dollar value of small business subcontracts increases the total by an additional $25.3 billion, to $66.4 billion. The small business share of this total in

FY 1996 was 34 percent.2

Size of Federal Contract Actions

The federal contracting process involves a relatively small number of very

substantial purchases and a large number of smaller awards. Nearly 90 percent ($178.6 billion) of the FY 1996 federal procurement dollars were

1 A small firm is defined for procurement purposes by size standards established by the U.S.

Small Business Administration. Typically, for most purposes, the SBA’s Office of Advocacy defines

a small business as having fewer than 500 employees and not dominant in its field. For detailed

definitions for procurement purposes, see SBA’s small business size regulations at 13 CFR 121.9,

published January 1, 1996. 2 Data on subcontracting awards are based on federal agency reports required by Public

Law 95-507, Section 221(h).
awarded in contract actions over $25,000 (Table B.2). These large transactions, however, accounted for only 3 percent of the contract actions executed during the period. Conversely, 97 percent of the total number of contract actions (valued at $19 billion) were issued in contract actions of

$25,000 or less.3

Small businesses are significantly more successful in competing for

smaller awards than they are in competing for larger contracts. They were

awarded about one-half (48 percent) of total federal dollars in contract acThe State of Small Business 177

3 The Federal Procurement Data System (FPDS) has been publishing data on contract awards

since FY 1979. From FY 1979 to FY 1983, the FPDS published detailed data on all contract

awards over $10,000. Starting in FY 1983, the Department of Defense (DOD) increased its reporting threshold from $10,000 to $25,000; for civilian agencies, a similar change began in FY

1986. For FY 1994, the threshold has been raised to $100,000 for civilian agencies and the

DOD. Unless otherwise stated, the discussions of federal procurement in this and subsequent

sections of this report reflect contract actions over $25,000. 

Source: Federal Procurement Data System, The FPDS Federal Procurement Report,

January 13, 1997.

Actions Over $25,000

Other

 82%

Other

 79%

Small Business

48%

Small Business

18%

Other

 52%

Small Business

 21%
actment of FASA, only procurements of $25,000 or less could be set aside for

small businesses with limited competition. Government procurement personnel may now follow a simplified small business acquisition process for purchases between $2,500 and $100,000 as long as there is a reasonable expectation of bids being received from two or more responsible small businesses

whose bids are competitive and commensurate with market expectations.

Sources of Small Business Awards by

Agency/Department

More than 65 percent ($20.9 billion) of the total $32 billion in prime contract

dollars over $25,000 awarded to small businesses in FY 1996 resulted from

Department of Defense (DOD) awards (Table B.3). The next largest source of

federal contracting awards to small businesses was the General Services

Administration, which accounted for 8.1 percent ($2.6 billion) of the total

dollars awarded to small businesses in FY 1996, followed by the Department

of Transportation with 4.1 percent ($1.3 billion), and the Department of

Agriculture with 3.3 percent ($1.1 billion).

Small Business Share of Purchasing Agency Awards

The small business share of agency procurement budgets is one measure of

small businesses’ ability to win contracts from the principal procurement centers of the federal government. For example, although the Department of

Defense accounted for 65 percent of all contract dollars over $25,000

awarded to small businesses in FY 1996 (Table B.3), this amounted to only 17

percent of DOD’s total (Table B.5).

As measured by their share of agency budgets, small businesses were

most successful in winning awards from the Department of the Interior, garnering 48.8 percent of the agency’s total award dollars, followed by the

General Services Administration (47.3 percent), the Department of Agriculture

(45.5 percent), and the Department of Transportation (42.6 percent). Small

businesses won less than 38 percent of prime contract award dollars in all

other federal agencies in FY 1996 (Table B.5).

Product/Service Categories

The federal contracting markets encompass three major categories of goods

and services: supplies and equipment, research and development, and other

services and construction (Table B.6). The volume of award dollars in each of

178 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
The State of Small Business 179

slightly from 48.6 percent in FY 1995 to 47.9 percent in FY 1996.

Expenditures for supplies and equipment, the second largest category, increased modestly, from 35.7 percent to 36.3 percent. Research and development (R&D) also gained ground, accounting for 15.8 percent of awards in FY

1996, compared with 15.7 percent in FY 1995.

Small businesses experienced a market share increase in only one of the

three major categories from FY 1995 to FY 1996. In research and development, the small business share increased slightly from 11.2 percent to 12.0

percent (Table B.7). Small firms decreased their market share of service and

construction contract awards from 23.2 percent to 22.9 percent and supplies

and equipment awards from 15.0 percent to 14.7 percent. 

Small Business Innovation Research

FY 1996 was the fourteenth year of the Small Business Innovation Research

(SBIR) program. Ten government agencies with extramural R&D obligations

over $100 million participate by setting aside a small percentage of their external R&D budgets for the program.4 The percentage was 1.25 percent in FY

1992, 1.5 percent in FY 1993 and FY 1994, and 2.0 percent in FY 1995 and

FY 1996. The small business percentage increased to 2.5 percent beginning

in FY 1997.

The SBIR program has three phases. Phase I is a limited effort, usually for

six months, to determine the scientific and technical merit and feasibility of

an idea. This phase has been restricted by the new legislation to ideas “that

appear to have commercial potential.” The amount that can be awarded in

Phase I has been raised from $50,000 to $100,000.

Only those small businesses that win Phase I are eligible to apply for

Phase II, the detailed research and development phase that lasts about two

years and often ends with the development of a prototype product or process.

Commercial potential also receives increased emphasis in Phase II. The

amount that can be awarded in Phase II has been raised from $500,000 to

$750,000.

Small businesses conduct Phase III with non-SBIR funds to pursue commercial applications of the R&D funded in Phases I and II. Phase III is the

keystone of the program and involves private sector investment and support

4 The Small Business Innovation Research program began as a government-wide program in

FY 1983. The most recent extension of the program was authorized in the Small Business

Innovation Research Program Reauthorization Act of 1992. This act expanded the size of the program and reauthorized it for an additional seven years, through FY 2000. 
180 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

,pj()pg

been very competitive: on average, seven proposals have been received for

every Phase I award. 

Agencies using SBIR contracts include the Departments of Commerce,

Defense, Education, and Transportation, the Environmental Protection

Agency, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Nuclear

Regulatory Commission and, initially, the Department of the Interior. SBIR

awards are made in the form of grants at the Departments of Agriculture,

Energy, and Health and Human Services, and the National Science

Foundation, and thus are not included in any R&D data in other tables in this

appendix.

In FY 1996, awards were made in every state and the District of

Columbia, with concentrations in technology-rich California and Massachusetts (Table B.9). 

Procurement From Minority- and Women-Owned

Businesses

Relative to their representation in the business population, small women- and

minority-owned businesses still account for a small percentage of total federal award dollars (Chart B.2). The gap is greatest for women-owned businesses, which constitute approximately one-third of the total nonagricultural

business population of the United States. Small women-owned businesses

obtained only 1.7 percent of the FY 1996 federal contract dollars (Table

B.10). Minority-owned businesses make up 9 percent of the business population of the United States; however, small minority-owned businesses won just

5.5 percent of the award dollars.5

Ninety-four percent of the FY 1996 dollar awards to small minorityowned businesses were in contract actions over $25,000; small women5 For additional information, see Harry J. Chmelynski and Jonathan Skolnik, The Pattern of

Federal Procurement From Minority and Women-Owned Small Business, report no. PB93-

182582, prepared by Jack Faucett Associates for the U.S. Small Business Administration, Office

of Advocacy (Springfield, Va.: National Technical Information Service, 1993). The Faucett study

indicates that women-owned firms, after adjustments were made for comparable

procurement/industry characteristics, competed for and won contracts over a five-year period

with a value that exceeded the annual rate of growth in federal contracting overall and in the

gross domestic product. The latest Bureau of the Census data available indicate that there were

5.9 million women-owned businesses in 1992 and 1.2 million minority-owned businesses in the

United States in 1987. See also U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1987

Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises, Summary (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government

Printing Office, August 1991) and idem; Women-Owned Business, 1992, (Washington, D. C.:

U.S. Government Printing Office, August 1990).
The State of Small Business 181

owned firms received 80 percent of the value of their contract actions in this

category. Conversely, 20 percent of award dollars to small women-owned

businesses were in smaller awards of less than $25,000, compared with only

6 percent of minority-owned contractors’ awards. The percentage of contract

dollars awarded in FY 1996 to both women- and minority-owned businesses

is consistent with the dollars awarded in FY 1995. 

Changes in the Procurement Markets

Federal contract markets are changing at an unparalleled pace. Two recent

laws, the Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act (FASA), enacted in 1994, and

the Federal Acquisition Reform Act (FARA), enacted in 1996, have had an unprecedented impact on the federal procurement process. Additional reforms

Source: Federal Procurement Data System, The FPDS Federal Procurement Report, 

January 13, 1997. Billions of Dollars

Total

Awards

200 $197.6

$41.1

$10.9 $3.4

150

100

50

0

All Small

Firms

Women-Owned

Firms

Minority-Owned

Firms
182 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

the acquisition process to electronic commerce, and improve the efficiency

of the laws governing the procurement of goods and services.

The Small Business Administration has instituted a new electronic gateway to procurement information, the Procurement Marketing and Access

Network, or Pro-Net. This Internet-based data base of information on more

than 171,000 small, small disadvantaged, and women-owned businesses will

serve as an automated source list for contracting officers, a marketing tool for

small firms, and a link to procurement opportunities and important information on federal contracting. 

6 The Office of Advocacy in July of 1997 released a research study by Eagle Eye Publishers,

Inc., Bundled Contract Study FY91-FY95, report no. PB97-180731, prepared for the U.S. Small

Business Administration, Office of Advocacy (Springfield, Va: National Technical Information

Service, 1997). This study showed that contract consolidation by government agencies is increasing and causing harm to small businesses. The contract bundling legislation that was enacted is

intended to restrict unnecessary contract consolidations. The HUBZone legislation is intended to

provide federal contracting opportunities for small businesses located in historically underutilized business zones. Both the HUBZone and contract bundling provisions, which were introduced as individual bills initially, were included in the Small Business Reauthorization Act of

1997 (P.L. 105-135), signed by President Clinton on December 2, 1997. 
Page 183—no folio

Table B.2 Federal Contract Actions over $25,000, 

FY 1979–FY 1996 185

Table B.3 Distribution of Small Business Share of Dollars in 

Contract Actions over $25,000 by Procuring

Agency Source, FY 1996 186

Table B.4 Procurement Dollars in Contract Actions over 

$25,000 by Major Agency Source, FY 1979–FY 1996 188

Table B.5 Small Business Share of Dollars in Contract Actions

over $25,000 by Major Procuring Agency, FY 1995 

and FY 1996 189

Table B.6 Distribution of Prime Contract Actions over $25,000

by Major Product or Service Category, FY

1995 and FY 1996 190

Table B.7 Small Business Share of Dollars in Contract Actions

Over $25,000 by Major Product or Service

Category, FY 1995 and FY 1996 190

Table B.8 Small Business Innovation Research Program,

FY 1983–FY 1996 191

Table B.9 SBIR Awards by SBA Region and State, FY 1996 192

Table B.10 Total Federal Contract Actions to Small, WomenOwned, and Minority-Owned Businesses, FY 1996 194

Table B.11 Annual Change in the Dollar Volume of Contract

Actions over $25,000 Awarded to Small, WomenOwned, and Minority-Owned Businesses, FY 1980–

FY 1996 195
184 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Total Business (Percent)

Total 197,579,149 41,142,857 21

Actions under $25,000 18,971,206 9,183,409 48

Actions over $25,000 178,607,943 31,959,448 18

(Reported Individually)

Source: Federal Procurement Data System, Federal Procurement Report (Washington, D.C.:

U.S. Government Printing Office, January 13, 1997).
Small Business Financing 185

1996 178,607,943 31,959,448 17.9 

1995 180,851,975 31,807,263 17.6 

1994 174,687,951 28,423,033 16.3 

1993 178,336,979 27,947,441 15.7 

1992 177,786,381 28,229,749 15.9 

1991 189,602,220 28,847,358 15.2 

1990 171,300,890 25,401,626 14.8 

1989 168,694,981 23,716,171 14.1 

1988 174,097,585 25,671,318 14.7 

1987 181,538,592 27,927,719 15.4 

1986 183,650,227 28,780,092 15.7 

1985 187,985,466 26,702,695 14.2 

1984 167,933,486 25,506,023 15.2 

1983 155,588,106 22,080,024 14.2 

1982 152,397,884 23,558,563 15.5 

1981 128,864,744 20,068,789 15.6 

1980 100,893,385 15,326,121 15.2 

1979 88,293,438 14,012,838 15.9 

Note: Starting in FY 1983, the dollar threshold for reporting detailed information on DOD

procurement actions increased from $10,000 to $25,000. For civilian agencies, a similar change

was made starting in FY 1986.

Source: Federal Procurement Data System, Federal Procurement Report (Washington, D.C.:

U.S. Government Printing Office, February 7, 1995, January 29, 1996, and January 13, 1997);

and idem, “Special Report S89522C” (prepared for the U.S. Small Business Administration, Office

of Advocacy, June 12, 1989).
186 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

(Thousands of Dollars) (Percent) Rank

Total, All Agencies 31,959,448 100.00 —

Agency for International Development 172,343 0.54 17 

Commodity Futures Trading Commission 4,170 0.01 32 

Consumer Product Safety Commission 323 * 45 

Corporation for National and Community Service 497 * 44 

Department of Agriculture 1,055,026 3.30 4 

Department of Commerce 290,162 0.91 13 

Department of Defense 20,897,171 65.39 1 

Department of Education 66,765 0.21 19 

Department of Energy 434,464 1.36 10 

Department of Health and Human Services 580,094 1.82 7 

Department of Housing and Urban Development 45,579 0.14 20 

Department of the Interior 394,729 1.24 11 

Department of Justice 561,635 1.76 8 

Department of Labor 188,843 0.59 15 

Department of State 217,183 0.68 14 

Department of the Treasury 472,234 1.48 9 

Department of Transportation 1,322,928 4.14 3 

Department of Veterans Affairs 752,944 2.36 6 

Environmental Protection Agency 178,515 0.56 16 

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 1,451 * 39 

Executive Office of the President 6,034 0.02 29 

Federal Communications Commission 1,209 * 42 

Federal Election Commission 135 * 51 

Federal Emergency Management Agency 33,657 0.11 22 

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 6,542 0.02 27 

Federal Maritime Commission — * 53 

Federal Trade Commission 3,780 0.01 34 

General Services Administration 2,590,561 8.11 2 

International Trade Commission 226 * 48 

Interstate Commerce Commission 275 * 47 

John F. Kennedy Center 139 * 50 

Merit Systems Protection Board 31 * 52 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 1,043,154 3.26 5 

National Archives and Records Administration 4,660 0.01 31 

National Foundation on the Arts 1,377 * 40 

National Foundation on the Humanities 312 * 46 

National Gallery of Art 5,925 0.02 30 

National Labor Relations Board 2,702 * 37 

National Mediation Board 1,274 * 41 

National Science Foundation 6,079 0.02 28 

Nuclear Regulatory Commission 41,553 0.13 21 

Office of Personnel Management 22,264 0.07 24 

Peace Corps 1,183 * 43 

Railroad Retirement Board 3,180 * 36 

Securities and Exchange Commission 8,387 0.03 26 
Small Business Financing 187

(Thousands of Dollars) (Percent) Rank

Selective Service System 147 * 49 

Small Business Administration — * 53 

Smithsonian Institution 24,673 0.08 23 

Social Security Administration 130,996 0.41 18 

Tennessee Valley Authority 352,815 1.10 12 

U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency 1,456 * 38 

U.S. Soldiers and Airmen's Home 3,809 0.01 33 

U.S. Trade and Development Agency 3,773 0.01 35 

U.S. Information Agency 20,084 0.06 25 

* Less than 0.01 percent.

Source: Federal Procurement Data System, Federal Procurement Report (Washington, D.C.:

U.S. Government Printing Office, January 13, 1997).
188 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Fiscal Year Dollars) DOD DOE NASA Other

1996 178.6 68.7 9.0 6.3 16.0 

1995 180.9 65.5 9.3 6.5 18.7 

1994 174.7 67.4 10.2 6.5 15.9 

1993 178.3 68.1 10.3 6.6 15.0 

1992 177.8 67.7 10.4 6.8 15.1 

1991 189.6 71.1 9.7 6.2 13.0 

1990 171.3 74.9 9.3 6.7 9.1 

1989 168.7 75.1 10.4 5.8 8.7 

1988 174.1 77.5 8.3 4.8 9.4 

1987 181.5 78.6 7.7 4.2 9.5 

1986 183.7 79.6 7.3 4.0 9.1 

1985 188.0 80.1 7.7 4.0 8.2 

1984 167.9 79.3 7.8 3.9 9.0 

1983 155.6 79.2 8.3 4.0 8.5 

1982 152.4 80.0 9.1 3.5 7.4 

1981 128.9 75.4 9.1 3.7 11.8 

1980 100.9 75.7 8.4 4.3 11.6 

1979 88.3 72.7 10.4 4.2 12.7 

Note: Starting in FY 1983, the dollar threshold for reporting detailed information

on DOD procurement actions increased from $10,000 to $25,000. For civilian agencies, a similar change was made starting in FY 1986.

Source: Federal Procurement Data System, Federal Procurement Report (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, February 7, 1995, January 29, 1996, January 13, 1997); and idem, “Special Report 87458A” (prepared for the U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, May 19, 1988).
Small Business Financing 189

(Percent) Rank

Total Small Business 1995 1996 1996

Total, All Agencies” 178,607,943 31,959,448 17.6 17.9 -- 

Department of Defense 122,680,915 20,897,171 16.3 17.0 18 

Department of Energy 16,132,608 434,464 2.9 2.7 24 

National Aeronautics and Space 

Administration 11,303,502 1,043,154 8.8 9.2 22 

General Services Administration 5,472,791 2,590,561 34.4 47.3 2 

Department of Transportation 3,104,755 1,322,928 43.2 42.6 4 

Department of Health and 

Human Services 2,406,805 580,094 35.3 24.1 13 

Department of Veterans Affairs 2,395,394 752,944 36.5 31.4 7 

Department of Agriculture 2,318,600 1,055,026 43.1 45.5 3 

Tennessee Valley Authority 2,205,644 352,815 17.8 16.0 19 

Department of Justice 2,036,271 561,635 35.2 27.6 9 

Department of the Treasury 1,780,552 472,234 27.5 26.5 10 

Environmental Protection Agency 999,655 178,515 23.1 17.9 16 

Department of Labor 827,105 188,843 21.3 22.8 14 

Department of the Interior 808,567 394,729 47.5 48.8 1 

Department of Commerce 780,810 290,162 40.5 37.2 5 

Agency for International Development 694,828 172,343 NA 24.8 12 

Department of State 673,925 217,183 35.2 32.2 6 

Social Security Administration 458,818 130,996 32.6 28.6 8 

Department of Education 426,124 66,765 17.3 15.7 21 

Department of Housing and 

Urban Development 232,608 45,579 12.5 19.6 15 

Federal Emergency Management 

Agency 189,286 33,657 28.3 17.8 17 

U.S. Information Agency 127,110 20,084 46.1 15.8 20 

National Science Foundation 123,249 6,079 5.6 4.9 23 

Smithsonian Institution 93,764 24,673 65.8 26.3 11 

NA = Not available.

All agencies are represented in the total dollars for FY 1996; the organizations listed are

those agencies that awarded at least $90 million in individual contract actions over $25,000 in

FY 1996.

Source: Federal Procurement Data System, Federal Procurement Report (Washington, D.C.:

U.S. Government Printing Office, January 29, 1996 and January 17, 1997).
Total 100.0 100.0

Research and Development 15.7 15.8 

Other Services and Construction 48.6 47.9 

Supplies and Equipment 35.7 36.3 

Source: Federal Procurement Data System, Federal Procurement Report (Washington, D.C.:

U.S. Government Printing Office, January 29, 1996 and January 16, 1997).

190 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Table B.7 Small Business Share of Dollars in Contract Actions Over $25,000

by Major Product or Service Category for FY 1995 and FY 1996 (Percent)

FY 1995 FY 1996

Small Small

Business Business

Thousands Share Thousands Share

Product/Service Category of Dollars (Percent) of Dollars (Percent)

Research and Development

Total 27,794,902 28,221,041 

Small Business 3,115,031 11.2 3,399,266 12.0 

Other Services and Construction

Total 82,401,190 85,595,183 

Small Business 19,077,103 23.2 19,593,971 22.9 

Supplies and Equipment

Total 59,858,589 64,795,620 

Small Business 8,972,398 15.0 9,537,456 14.7 

Source: Federal Procurement Data System, Federal Procurement Report (Washington, D.C.:

U.S. Government Printing Office, January 29, 1996, and January 13, 1997).
Small Business Financing 191

Year Proposals Awards Proposals Awards of Dollars)

Total 236,546 30,750 25,002 10,675 6,545.6 

1996 18,378 2,841 2,678 1,191 874.7 

1995 20,185 3,085 2,856 1,263 981.7 

1994 25,588 3,102 2,244 928 717.6 

1993 23,640 2,898 2,532 1,141 698.0 

1992 19,579 2,559 2,311 916 508.4 

1991 20,920 2,553 1,734 788 483.1 

1990 20,957 2,346 2,019 837 460.7 

1989 17,233 2,137 1,776 749 431.9 

1988 17,039 2,013 1,899 711 389.1 

1987 14,723 2,189 2,390 768 350.5 

1986 12,449 1,945 1,112 564 297.9 

1985 9,086 1,397 765 407 199.1 

1984 7,955 999 559 338 108.4 

1983 8,814 686 127 74 44.5 

Note: Phase I evaluates the scientific and technical merit and feasibility of an idea. Phase II

expands on the results and further pursues the development of Phase I. Phase III commercializes

the results of Phase II and requires the use of private or non-SBIR federal funding. The Phase II

proposals and awards in FY 1983 were pursuant to predecessor programs that qualified as SBIR

funding.

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Innovation, Research and Technology

(annual reports for FY 1983–FY 1995).
192 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

,

Region I 819

Connecticut 111

Maine 7

Massachusetts 627

New Hampshire 52

Rhode Island 9

Vermont 13

Region II 316

New Jersey 134

New York 182

Region III 551

Delaware 16

District of Columbia 9

Maryland 161

Pennsylvania 133

Virginia 228

West Virginia 4

Region IV 287

Alabama 74

Florida 87

Georgia 26

Kentucky 7

Mississippi 8

North Carolina 38

South Carolina 11

Tennessee 36

Region V 361

Illinois 48

Indiana 23

Michigan 74

Minnesota 69

Ohio 114

Wisconsin 33
Small Business Financing 193

g

Arkansas 2

Louisiana 11

New Mexico 77

Oklahoma 10

Texas 157

Region VII 24

Iowa 5

Kansas 7

Missouri 10

Nebraska 2

Region VIII 228

Colorado 159

Montana 10

North Dakota 3

South Dakota 6

Utah 45

Wyoming 5

Region IX 1,020

Arizona 92

California 906

Hawaii 14

Nevada 8

Region X 169

Alaska 5

Idaho 5

Oregon 61

Washington 98

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, based

upon SBA's Office of Innovation, Research and Technology data, June 1998.
194 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Total Over $25,000 Or Less

Total 197,579,149 178,607,943 18,971,206

Small Business 41,142,857 31,959,448 9,183,409

Percent of Total 21 18 48 

Women-Owned Business 3,440,901 2,737,889 703,012

Percent of Total 1.7 1.5 3.7 

Minority-Owned Business 10,926,169 10,292,619 633,550

Percent of Total 5.5 5.8 3.3 

Source: Federal Procurement Data System, Federal Procurement Report (Washington, D.C.:

U.S. Government Printing Office, January 13, 1997).
Small Business Financing 195

Table B11 Annual Change in the Dollar Volume of Contract Actions over $25,000 Awarded to Small, Women-Ow

Minority-Owned Businesses, FY 1980–FY 1996 (Thousands of Dollars)

Total, All Business Small Business Women-Owned Business Minority-Own

Change From

j

Change From

j

Change From C

Prior Year Prior Year Prior Year 

Total Total Total Total

(Thousands of Thousands of (Thousands of Thousands of (Thousands of Thousands of (Thousands of

Dollars) Dollars Percent Dollars) Dollars Percent Dollars) Dollars Percent Dollars) Do

1996 178,607,943 –2,244,032 –1.2 31,959,448 152,185 0.5 2,737,889 –82,359 –2.9 10,292,619 –226

1995 180,851,975 6,164,024 3.5 31,807,263 3,384,230 11.9 2,820,248 508,700 22.0 10,519,469 1,459

1994 174,687,951 –3,649,028 –2.0 28,423,033 475,592 1.7 2,311,548 262,828 12.8 9,059,488 255

1993 178,336,979 550,598 0.3 27,947,441 –282,308 –1.0 2,048,720 56,155 2.8 8,804,020 1,007

1992 177,786,381 –11,815,839 –6.2 28,229,749 –617,609 –2.1 1,992,565 227,399 12.9 7,796,107 1,309

1991 189,602,220 18,301,330 10.7 28,847,358 3,445,732 13.6 1,765,166 287,272 19.4 6,486,289 796

1990 171,300,890 2,605,909 1.5 25,401,626 1,685,455 7.1 1,477,894 74,955 5.3 5,690,060 356

1989 168,694,981 –5,402,604 –3.1 23,716,171 –1,955,147 –7.6 1,402,939 75,215 5.7 5,333,888 141

1988 174,097,585 –7,441,007 –4.1 25,671,318 –2,256,401 –8.1 1,327,724 74,839 6.0 5,192,506 343

1987 181,538,592 –2,111,635 –1.1 27,927,719 –852,373 –3.0 1,252,885 56,034 4.7 4,849,125 563

1986 183,650,227 –4,335,239 –2.3 28,780,092 2,077,397 7.8 1,196,851 102,643 9.4 4,285,925 401

1985 187,985,466 20,051,980 11.9 26,702,695 1,196,672 4.7 1,094,208 238,077 27.8 3,884,639 –119

1984 167,933,486 12,345,380 7.9 25,506,023 3,425,999 15.5 856,131 244,755 40.0 4,004,139 817

1983 155,588,106 3,190,222 2.1 22,080,024 –1,478,539 –6.3 611,376 60,775 11.0 3,187,091 328

1982 152,397,884 23,533,140 18.3 23,558,563 3,489,774 17.4 550,601 –534,772 –49.3 2,858,911 223

1981 128,864,744 27,971,359 27.7 20,068,789 4,742,668 30.9 1,085,373 297,844 37.8 2,635,008 813

1980 100,893,385 – – 15,326,121 – – 787,529 – – 1,821,921 

Source: Federal Procurement Data System, “Special Report S89522C” (prepared for the U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Adv

1989); "and idem, Federal Procurement Report (Washington, D.C.: U.S.Government Printing Office, July 10, 1990, March 13, 1991, February 3, 1

ary 13, 1997).

Page 196—Blank
196 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
less. Federal agencies are required to report a summary of such actions to

the Federal Procurement Data Center each quarter.

Actions, reported individually: federal procurement contract actions over

$25,000. Federal agencies are required to file a detailed report, Standard

Form 2790, for each of these contract actions with the Federal Procurement Data Center. Prior to FY 1983 for the Department of Defense, and

FY 1986 for civilian agencies, the dollar threshold for reporting detailed

information on procurement contracts was $10,000.

Bankruptcy: condition in which a business cannot meet its debt obligations

and petitions a federal district court for either reorganization of its debts

or liquidation of its assets.

Business birth (entry): formation of a new establishment or enterprise.

Business dissolution: for enumeration purposes, the absence from any current

record of a business that was present in the prior time period.

Business failure: the closure of a business causing a loss to at least one creditor.

Capital expenditures: business spending on additional plant, equipment, and

inventory.

Code of Federal Regulations: codification of the general and permanent rules

of the federal government published in the Federal Register.

Corporation: firm granted a state charter to incorporate, thereby limiting the

liability of its owner(s).

Current Population Survey (CPS): monthly survey conducted by the Bureau of

the Census that provides estimates of the number of persons working, the

number unemployed, and related employment data.

Debt capital: business financing that normally requires periodic interest payments and repayment of the principal within a specified time.

8(a) program: program, authorized under the Small Business Act, that directs

federal contracts to small businesses owned and operated by socially and

economically disadvantaged individuals.

Enterprise: aggregation of all establishments owned by a parent company. An

enterprise may consist of a single, independent establishment, or it can

include subsidiaries or other branch establishments under the same ownership and control.

Equity capital: an investment in exchange for partial business ownership. The

investor’s financial return comes from dividend payments and from

growth in the net worth of a business.

Page 197—no folio
tween borrowers and lenders. Banks, savings and loan associations,

finance companies, and venture capital companies are major financial

intermediaries in the United States.

Fixed-price contract: a contract that provides for a specified price (or, in some

cases, an adjustable price) for the supplies or services being procured,

usually within a stipulated contract period. Under this type or agreement,

maximum risk and responsibility are placed upon the contractor.

Full-time workers: generally, workers who work a regular schedule, or more

than 35 hours per week.

Gross domestic product (GDP): the most comprehensive single measure of

aggregate economic output. Represents the market value of the total output of goods and services produced by a nation’s economy.

Incorporation: filing of a certificate of incorporation with a state’s secretary of

state, thereby limiting the business owner’s liability.

Indeterminate industry: industry in which the small or large business share of

employment or sales falls between 40 and 60 percent of total industry

employment.

Informal capital: financing from an informal, unorganized source; includes

informal debt capital such as trade credit or loans from friends and relatives and informal equity capital from informal investors.

Initial public offering (IPO): a public offering of securities by a first-time issuer.

Innovation: introduction of a new idea into the marketplace in the form of a

new product or service or an improvement in organization or process.

Large-business-dominated industry: industry in which a minimum of 60 percent of employment or sales is in firms with more than 500 workers.

Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): a geographic area defined by the Office

of Management and Budget as a large population nucleus with at least

50,000 persons, together with adjacent communities that have a high degree of economic and social integration with that nucleus.

Minority-owned businesses: for the purposes of the Bureau of the Census’

Characteristics of Business Owners (CBO) survey, businesses owned by

members of the following minority groups: black, Hispanic, and other

minority (primarily Asian, American Indian, and Alaska native).

North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS): The system used

for classifying businesses by industry that will replace the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The new system is being implemented.

The 1997 Economic Census is based on NAICS, rather than SIC,

classifications.

198 Glossary
IRS code as corporations or proprietorships. 

Part-time workers: employees working fewer than 35 hours per week. 

Prime contract: contract awarded directly by the federal government.

Proprietorship: the most common legal form of business ownership; about 85

percent of all small businesses are proprietorships. The liability of the

owner is unlimited in this form of ownership.

Public equity markets: organized markets for trading in equity shares such as

common stocks, preferred stocks, and warrants. Includes markets for both

regularly traded and non-regularly traded securities.

Public offering: a general solicitation for participation in an investment opportunity. The Securities and Exchange Commission supervises interstate

public offerings.

Short-term interest rates: interest rates for short-term borrowing, usually for a

term of one year or less.

Size standard: standard based on the amount of a business’ annual gross receipts used to determine eligibility for small business set-aside programs

in government procurement.

Small business: a business smaller than a given size as measured by its employment, business receipts, or business assets. The SBA’s Office of Advocacy

generally uses employment data as a basis for size comparisons, with firms

having fewer than 100 or fewer than 500 employees defined as small.

Small-Business Innovation Development Act of 1982: federal statute requiring federal agencies with large extramural R&D budgets to allocate a certain percentage of these funds to small R&D firms. The program is designed to stimulate technological innovation and make greater use of

small businesses in meeting national innovation needs.

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program: program mandated by

the Small Business Innovation Development Act of 1982, requiring federal agencies with $100 million or more of extramural R&D obligations

to set aside 1.25 percent of these funds for small business.

Small business investment company (SBIC): privately owned company licensed and funded through the U.S. Small Business Administration and

private sector sources to provide equity or debt capital to small business.

Socially and economically disadvantaged: individuals who have been subjected to racial or ethnic prejudice or cultural bias because of their identity as a member of a group, without regard to their qualities as individuals, and whose ability to compete is impaired because of diminished

opportunities to obtain capital and credit.

Glossary 199
of economic activity. The SIC system is being replaced by the North

American Industrial Classification System.

Subcontract: contract between a prime contractor and a subcontractor or between subcontractors to furnish supplies or services for performance of a

prime contract or a subcontract.

Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP): a longitudinal survey

conducted by the Bureau of the Census, designed to collect information

about cash and noncash income, assets and liabilities, and taxes paid,

and a variety of labor market data.

200 Glossary
Page 201—no folio

THE ANNUAL REPORT ON SMALL BUSINESS AND COMPETITION

Chapter 1 The State of Small Business 23

Chapter 2 The White House Conference on Small Business:

Implementing the Recommendations 43

Chapter 3 Changes in Self-Employment as Small Business 85

Chapter 4 Regulatory Relief for Small Business 131

Chapter 5 Innovation and Small Business 139

Appendix A Supplementary Tables 169

Appendix B Financing Small Business 271

Appendix C Procurement 305

THE ANNUAL REPORT ON FEDERAL PROCUREMENT 

PREFERENCE GOALS 327

1995 THE STATE OF SMALL BUSINESS: A REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT

THE ANNUAL REPORT ON SMALL BUSINESS AND COMPETITION

Chapter 1 The State of Small Business 27

Chapter 2 Into the 21st Century: The Changing Role of Small

Business by Firm Size and Employment Status 69

Chapter 3 The Changing Work Force 89

Chapter 4 New Research on Small Business 117

Appendix A Supplementary Tables 133

Appendix B Financing Small Business 275

Appendix C Procurement 317

THE ANNUAL REPORT ON FEDERAL PROCUREMENT 

PREFERENCE GOALS 339

1994 THE STATE OF SMALL BUSINESS: A REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT

THE ANNUAL REPORT ON SMALL BUSINESS AND COMPETITION

Chapter 1 The State of Small Business 27

Chapter 2 Health Insurance Coverage: A Profile of the 

Uninsured by Firm Size and Employment Status 65

Chapter 3 Innovation by Small Firms 109

Chapter 4 Defense Diversification and Small Business 133
202 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

THE ANNUAL REPORT ON FEDERAL PROCUREMENT 

PREFERENCE GOALS 381

1993 THE STATE OF SMALL BUSINESS: A REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT

THE ANNUAL REPORT ON SMALL BUSINESS AND COMPETITION

Chapter 1 The State of Small Business 21

Chapter 2 Pension Coverage and Costs in Small and Large Business 67

Chapter 3 Franchising: An Alternative for Small Business 109

Appendix A Supplementary Tables 133

Appendix B Small Business Financing 267

Appendix C Procurement 293

Appendix D Characteristics of Business Owners 329

THE ANNUAL REPORT ON FEDERAL PROCUREMENT 

PREFERENCE GOALS 353

1992 THE STATE OF SMALL BUSINESS: A REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT

THE ANNUAL REPORT ON SMALL BUSINESS AND COMPETITION

Chapter 1 The State of Small Business, 1991 1

Chapter 2 Ten Years of Small Business in the United States 55

Chapter 3 Highlights of Small Business Research, 1978-1992 95

Appendix A Supplementary Tables 41

Appendix B Small Business Financing 251

Appendix C Procurement 303

Appendix D Minority-Owned Businesses 331

THE ANNUAL REPORT ON FEDERAL PROCUREMENT 

PREFERENCE GOALS 383

1991 THE STATE OF SMALL BUSINESS: A REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT

THE ANNUAL REPORT ON SMALL BUSINESS AND COMPETITION

The State of Small Business 1

Appendix A Supplementary Tables 71
Contents of Previous Editions 203

1990 THE STATE OF SMALL BUSINESS: A REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT

THE ANNUAL REPORT ON SMALL BUSINESS AND COMPETITION

The State of Small Business 1

Appendix A Supplementary Tables 68

Appendix B Small Business Financing 159

Appendix C Procurement 187

Appendix D Women in Business and the Labor Force 228

1989 THE STATE OF SMALL BUSINESS: A REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT

THE ANNUAL REPORT ON SMALL BUSINESS AND COMPETITION

The State of Small Business 1

Appendix A Supplementary Tables 42

Appendix B Small Business Financing 119

Appendix C Procurement 143

1988 THE STATE OF SMALL BUSINESS: A REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT

THE ANNUAL REPORT ON SMALL BUSINESS AND COMPETITION

The State of Small Business 1

Appendix A Supplementary Tables 57

Appendix B Small Business Financing 151

Appendix C Procurement 173

1987 THE STATE OF SMALL BUSINESS: A REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT

THE ANNUAL REPORT ON SMALL BUSINESS AND COMPETITION

Chapter 1 The State of Small Business 1

Chapter 2 Financing Patterns of Small Firms 65

Chapter 3 The Role of Small Business in Efficient 

Resource Allocation 105

Chapter 4 Health Care Coverage and Costs in Small 

and Large Business 133
Appendix B Procurement 303

1986 THE STATE OF SMALL BUSINESS: A REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT

THE ANNUAL REPORT ON SMALL BUSINESS AND COMPETITION

Chapter 1 The State of Small Business 1

Chapter 2 Small Business Financing 43

Chapter 3 Veterans in Business 77

Chapter 4 Self-Employment as Small Business 105

Appendix A Women-Owned Businesses 151

Appendix B Minority-Owned Businesses 191

Appendix C Changing Characteristics of Workers and 

Size of Business 225

Appendix D Procurement 257

Appendix E Dimensions of Small Business 289

1985 THE STATE OF SMALL BUSINESS: A REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT

THE ANNUAL REPORT ON SMALL BUSINESS AND COMPETITION

Chapter 1 The State of Small Business 1

Chapter 2 Industrial Strategies and Small Firms 99

Chapter 3 The Effect of Deregulation on Small Business 143

Chapter 4 Small Business Financing 199

Chapter 5 Changing Patterns in Employee Benefits 245

Chapter 6 Women-Owned Business 289

Appendix A Minority-Owned Business 339

Appendix B Procurement 377

Appendix C The Small Business Data Base: An Update 415

1984 THE STATE OF SMALL BUSINESS: A REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT

THE ANNUAL REPORT ON SMALL BUSINESS AND COMPETITION

Chapter 1 The State of Small Business 1

Chapter 2 The Changing Industrial and Size Composition 

of U.S. Business 115

Chapter 3 Historical Patterns of Small Business Financing 181

204 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
Contents of Previous Editions 205

Appendix B MinorityOwned Business 371

Appendix C The Development of the Small Business Data Base: 

A Progress Report 405

Appendix D Export Programs of the Federal Government 443

Appendix E Federal Procurement from Small Business 453

1983 THE STATE OF SMALL BUSINESS: A REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT

THE ANNUAL REPORT ON SMALL BUSINESS AND COMPETITION

Chapter 1 Small Business in 1982 1

Chapter 2 Small Business in the U.S. Economy 27

Chapter 3 Small Business Dynamics and Methods for Measuring 

Job Generation 61

Chapter 4 Small Business Financing 89

Chapter 5 The Small Business Role in Innovation 121

Chapter 6 Business Formation and Dissolution 135

Chapter 7 Small Business and Regulation 165

Appendix A Tables 183

Appendix B The Development of a Small Business Data Base: 

A Progress Report 271

Appendix C Minority-Owned and Women-Owned Business 301

Appendix D Federal Procurement from Small, Minority-Owned, 

and Women-Owned Business 323

Appendix E Tax Developments 339

1982 THE STATE OF SMALL BUSINESS: A REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT

THE ANNUAL REPORT ON SMALL BUSINESS AND COMPETITION

Chapter 1 Small Business in the U. S. Economy 37

Chapter 2 Current and Historical Trends in the Small 

Business Sector 63

Chapter 3 Financial Developments and the Small Business Sector 105

Chapter 4 Effect of Federal Policy on Small Business 133

Appendix A Tables and Charts 183

Appendix B The Small Business Data Base and Other Sources 

of Business Information: Recent Progress 247

Appendix C Minority-Owned and Women-Owned Businesses 281

Appendix D Small Business Provisions of the Securities Laws 299
206 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition

Note: The 1995 and 1996 editions of The State of Small Business: A Report of the President are available from the U.S. Government Printing Office in hard copy and on CDRom; call the GPO at (202) 512-1800 and cite order numbers 045-000-00277-0

(1995) and 045-000-00281-1 (1996). The 1996 edition is on the SBA web site at

http://www.sba.gov/ADVO/stateofsmallbusiness.html. Earlier editions are available for

purchase from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va., telephone

(703) 605-6000 or on loan from federal depository libraries.
y

Age 

of business owners, 160 (table), 162 (table)

of firms, 160 (table), 162 (table)

Agricultural services

employment growth in, 33

Agriculture, U.S. Department of

procurement by, 178

and SBIR program, 180

Apparel industries

job losses in, 37

Architectural services

federal procurement of, 179

Arizona

new firms in, 24

new incorporations in, 26

Asian-owned businesses 

by region and state,166 (table)

see also Minority-owned businesses

Automotive industry

job losses in, 37

Bakeries

job losses in, 37

Bank holding companies

small business lending by, 60, 61

Bankruptcies, 28 (table)

increase in, 26

in 1975-1996, 172 (table)

by region, 30, 31 (table), 127 (table)

by state, 127 (table)

see also Business closings

Banks

decline in number of, 47, 54 (chart), 57

demand for loans from, 45

increases in lending from, 47, 53, 53 (table)

interest rates on loans from, 51 (table), 

52 (table)

lending by loan size, 54, 55 (table), 

56 (table), 57, 58 (table), 59 (charts), 

60-61

lending to small businesses, 45, 47, 53, 54,

57, 60-61

mergers and acquisitions of, 57, 60

number of, 54 (chart)

size of, 55 (table), 57, 58 (table), 59 (charts),

60-61

small bank lending declines in 53 

as sources of small business financing, 

43, 45

g 

Black business owners

characteristics of, 160 (table)

Black-owned businesses

by region and state, 166 (table)

see also Minority-owned businesses

Bonds

rising rates of, 41

Borrowing

by corporations, 43

high costs of, 45

by noncorporate businesses, 43

by sector, 44 (table)

by state and local governments, 41

see also Banks, Credit, Financing, Lending

Business age, 160 (table), 162 (table)

and dissolution rates, 129 (table)

Business closings, 23-24, 26, 30

bankruptcies, 28 (table)

failures, 28 (table), 28 (chart)

failures index, 29 (table), 29 (chart)

in 1975-1996, 172 (table)

rates of, by firm age and number of jobs

created, 129 (table)

by region, 30, 31 (table), 127 (table)

as source of employment change: by size of

firm, 130 (table); by industry, 

132 (table); by state and firm size, 

136 (table)

as source of establishment change: by size of

firm, 130 (table); by industry, 

132 (table); by state and firm size, 

134 (table)

by state, 127 (table)

terminations: 24 (table); by SBA region, 

25 (table)

Business contractions

as source of establishment and employment

change, 130 (table)

Business dissolution rates, 129

Business expansions

as source of employment change: by

industry, 132 (table); by size of firm, 

130 (table)

as source of establishment change: by

industry, 132 (table); by size of firm, 

130 (table)

Business formation, 23-24, 26

incorporations, 26, 27 (table)

Page 207 no folio
pygy 

firm, 130 (table); by industry, 

132 (table); by state, 136 (table)

as source of establishment change: by

industry, 132 (table); by size of firm,

130 (table); by state, 134 (table)

by state, 125 (table)

Business measures

for 1975-1996, 172 (table)

Business owners

characteristics of, 160 (table), 162 (table)

Business services

employment growth in, 30

Business tax returns

number filed: 22-23, 23 (table), 74 (table); in

1975-1996, 172 (table)

Business terminations, 24 (table)

by region and state, 25 (table), 127 (table)

see also Business closings

Businesses

characteristics of owners of, 162 (table)

number of, 22-23

see also Small businesses

California

new firms in, 24

and SBIR program, 180

Cities

firms, employment, and receipts in, 

88 (table)

Commerce, U.S. Department of

and SBIR program, 180

Commercial and industrial loans

increases in, 47, 54

Construction

federal procurement of, 178, 179, 

190 (table)

job creation in, 33, 35

Consumer Confidence Index, 22, 22 (table)

Consumer Price Index, 21, 22 (table)

Contract actions, see Procurement

Contract bundling, 182

Corporations

borrowing by, 43

formation of, 26, 27 (tables)

number of, 23 (table)

profits of, 22, 22 (table), 30, 31 (table)

sources and uses of funds by, 49 (table)

tax returns filed by, 74 (table)

venture capital from, 63

, g, g,

Lending

Data processing

federal procurement of, 179

Defense, U.S. Department of

procurement by, 177n,178, 188 (table)

and SBIR program, 180

Deficit, federal, 22, 22 (table)

Department stores

job creation in, 35

Earnings, 30

Economic expansion, 21-22, 41

Education, U.S. Department of

and SBIR program, 180

Electronic commerce

in federal procurement, 182

Employment

by firm size (1988-1995), 76 (table)

in indeterminate industries, 148 (table), 

153 (table)

by industry: 35 (table), 98 (table), 

153 (table); in 1988-1995, 114 (table);

with 2-digit SIC code detail, 100 (table)

in large-business-dominated industries, 

143 (table), 153 (table)

in metropolitan statistical areas, 88 (table)

in 1988-1994, 32 (table)

per firm, by industry, 122 (table)

private sector, 21, 30

by region and state, 170 (table)

in small-business-dominated industries, 

138 (table), 153 (table)

by state, 78 (table)

Employment change

fastest growing industries, 37, 38 (table)

in indeterminate industries, 148 (table), 

153 (table)

industries creating most jobs, 36 (table)

by industry, 34 (table), 35 (table), 153 (table)

job losses, 37, 39 (table)

in large-business-dominated industries, 

143 (table), 153 (table)

in large firms, 33, 34, 36 (table), 38 (table),

39 (table)

in small-business-dominated industries, 

138 (table), 153 (table)

in small firms, 30, 33, 34, 36 (table), 

38 (table), 39 (table)

208 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
()

Energy, U.S. Department of

procurement by, 188 (table)

and SBIR program, 180

Engineering services

federal procurement of, 179

Enterprises

by industry: 98 (table); in 1988-1995, 

118 (table); with 2-digit SIC code detail,

100 (table)

in metropolitan statistical areas, 88 (table)

in 1988-1994, 32 (table)

number and size of, 76 (table)

by region, 123 (table)

as sources of change in establishments and

employment: by size of firm, 

130 (table); by industry, 132 (table); by

state, 134 (table), 136 (table)

by state, 78 (table), 123 (table), 134 (table),

136 (table)

Environmental Protection Agency

and SBIR program, 180

Equipment loans, 61, 62

Equity financing, 62-63

Establishment changes

by firm size, 130 (table)

by industry, 132 (table)

by state, 134 (table)

Establishments

by industry: 98 (table); with 2-digit SIC code

detail, 100 (table)

by size of owning firm (1988-1995), 

76 (table)

by state, 78 (table)

Export businesses

characteristics of, 162 (table)

Failures, 28 (table), 28 (chart)

increase in, 26

index of, 29 (table), 29 (chart)

in 1975-1996, 172 (chart)

rate of, 30, 129 (table)

by region, 30, 31 (table), 127 (table)

by state, 127 (table)

see also Business closings

Federal Acquisition Reform Act (FARA), 181,

182

Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act of 1994

(FASA), 178, 181, 182

Federal agencies

y, 

Federal Reserve Board

and interest rates, 41

study of finance companies by, 61

Finance companies

lending by, 61-62, 62 (table)

as sources of small business financing, 43

Financing, 41-68

corporate sources of, 49 (table)

equity, 62-63

increases in bank lending, 47

noncorporate sources of, 50 (table)

services used by firm size, 46 (table)

sources of, 42 (table), 43, 45, 47 (chart)

by type, 48 (table)

see also Banks, Borrowing, Credit, Lending 

Firms, see Enterprises

Food processing

job losses in, 37

Franchised businesses

characteristics of owners of, 162 (table)

Gender

of business owners, 160 (table), 162 (table)

see also Women business owners, Womenowned businesses

General Services Administration

procurement by, 178

Gross domestic product, 21, 22 (table), 41

sources of, 73 (table)

Hawaii

new firms in, 24

Health and Human Services, U.S. Department of

and SBIR program, 180

Health services

employment growth in, 30

Hispanic business owners

characteristics of, 160 (table)

see also Minority business owners

Hispanic-owned businesses

by region and state, 166 (table)

see also Minority-owned businesses

Home-based businesses

characteristics of owners of, 162 (table)

Housing starts, 22 (table)

HUBZone program, 182, 182n

Income

by region and state, 154 (table), 156 (table)

Index 209
, , , 

defined, 30n

employment in, 148 (table), 153 (table)

Industries

age of business in, 160 (table), 162 (table)

age of business owner in, 160 (table)

employment by firm size in (1988-1995),

114 (table)

employment per firm in, 122 (table)

enterprises by firm size in, 98 (table), 

100 (table), 118 (table)

enterprises as sources of establishment and

employment change in, 130 (table)

women-owned sole proprietorships and

receipts in, 169 (table)

see also Employment, Employment change,

Enterprises, Establishments

Initial public offerings, 62-63, 64 (table), 

65 (chart)

Interest rates, 21, 22 (table), 41, 43 (table), 45

from commercial banks, 51 (table), 

52 (table)

federal funds rate, 45

Interior, U.S. Department of

procurement by, 178

and SBIR program, 180

Job creation

and business dissolution rates, 129 (table)

see also Employment change

Job losses

reasons for, 37

see also Employment change

Kolari, James, 60

Large-business-dominated industries, 30, 33-

35, 37

creating most jobs, 36 (table)

defined, 30n

employment in, 143 (table), 153 (table)

fastest growing, 38 (table)

losing most jobs, 39 (table)

Leasing

by finance companies, 62

Lending

by bank holding companies, 60, 61

by bank size, 55 (table), 57, 58 (table), 

59 (charts), 60-61

by banks, 45, 47, 53, 54, 57, 60-61

y , , (), (), ,

58 (table), 59 (charts), 60-61

rates for small business, 45

by type, 48 (table)

see also Banks, Borrowing, Credit, Financing

Lines of credit, 57

Localities, see Metropolitan statistical areas

Maine

new incorporations in, 26

Management support services

federal procurement of, 179

Manufacturing

job losses in, 34, 35, 37, 39 (table)

Massachusetts

and SBIR program, 180

Men business owners, 160 (table), 162 (table)

Mergers and acquisitions

in banking, 57, 60

Metropolitan statistical areas

firms, employment, and receipts in, 

88 (table)

Mining

job losses in, 34, 35

Minority business owners, 160 (table), 

162 (table)

Minority-owned businesses

and characteristics of owners, 162 (table)

federal procurement from: 180-181, 194

(table); in 1980-1996, 195 (table)

by region and state, 166 (table)

Montana

new incorporations in, 26

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

procurement by, 188 (table)

and SBIR program, 180

National Industries for the Blind, 176

National Industries for the Severely

Handicapped, 176

National Science Foundation

and SBIR program, 180

National Survey of Small Business Finances,

45, 61

Nevada

new firms in, 24

new incorporations in, 26

New firms

in 1982-1996, 172 (table)

210 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition
p, 

Nuclear Regulatory Commission

and SBIR program, 180

Partnerships

number of, 23 (table), 74 (table)

Payroll

by industry and firm size, 98 (table), 

100 (table)

in 1988-1994, 32 (table)

Peek, Joe, 60

Personal income, see Income

Personnel supply services

job creation in, 35

Photofinishing

job losses in, 37

Prime contracts, see Procurement

Printing industry

job losses in, 37

Procurement, 175-195

and electronic commerce, 182

by federal agency, 178, 186 (table), 

188 (table), 189 (table)

from minority-owned businesses: 180-181,

181 (chart), 194 (table); in 1980-1996,

195 (table)

as a percentage of gross domestic product,

176 

prime contracts: 184 (table); in FY 1979-FY

1996, 185 (table)

by product or service, 178-179, 190 (table)

SBIR program, 179-180, 191 (table), 

192 (table)

size of contracts, 176-178, 177 (chart)

from small businesses: 176, 181 (chart), 184

(table), 194 (table); in 1980-1996, 195

(table)

from women-owned businesses: 180-181,

181 (chart), 194 (table); in 1980-1996,

195 (table)

Procurement Marketing and Access Network

(Pro-Net), 182

Proprietorship income, 22, 22 (table), 30, 

31 (table)

by region and state, 154 (table)

Proprietorships

by gender of owner: and industry, 

169 (table); and region, 168 (table)

number of, 23 (table), 74 (table)

, (), ()

see also Minority business owners, Minorityowned businesses

Real estate loans

increases in, 47

Receipts

by firm size (1988-1995), 76 (table), 

by industry: 98 (table); with 2-digit SIC code

detail, 100 (table)

in metropolitan statistical areas, 88 (table)

in 1988-1994, 32 (table)

by state, 78 (table)

of women-owned sole proprietorships: by

industry, 169 (table); by region, 

168 (table)

Regions

business closings in: 25 (chart), 30, 

31 (table); in 1995 and 1996, 

127 (table)

business formation in, 125 (table)

enterprise data for, 78 (table)

incorporation data for, 27 (table)

minority-owned businesses in, 166 (table)

new firm data for, 25 (chart)

nongovernment employment in, 170 (table)

number of enterprises in (1994 and 1995),

123 (table)

personal income in, 156 (table)

proprietorship income in, 154 (table)

SBIR program in, 192 (table)

self-employment in, 158 (table)

wage-and-salary income in, 154 (table)

women-owned businesses in, 164 (table)

women-owned sole proprietorships and

receipts in, 168 (table)

Research and development

federal procurement of, 178, 179, 180, 

190 (table), 191 (table), 192 (table)

Retail trade

job creation in, 33, 35, 37

job losses in, 37, 39 (table)

Savings

as source of small business financing, 43

Self-employment

in 1975-1996, 172 (table)

by region and state, 158 (table)

Services

federal procurement of, 178, 179, 

190 (table)

Index 211
, 

Small Business Administration, U.S.

Advocacy, Office of, 60

loan guarantee programs of, 61

and Pro-Net, 182

and small business investment companies,

63

Small business contracts, see Procurement

Small-business-dominated industries, 30, 33-

35, 37

creating most jobs, 36 (table)

defined, 30n

employment in, 138 (table), 153 (table)

fastest growing, 38 (table)

losing most jobs, 39 (table)

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program: 179-180, 191 (table); by state, 

192 (table)

Small business investment companies, 63, 

68 (table)

Small businesses

federal procurement from: 194 (table); in

1980-1996, 195 (table)

number of, 22-23

see also specific topics

Special trade contractors

job creation in, 35

Specialized small business investment companies, 63

States

business closings in (1995 and 1996), 

127 (table)

business formation in (1995 and 1996), 

125 (table)

enterprise data for, 78 (table)

minority-owned businesses in, 166 (table)

nongovernment employment in, 170 (table)

number of enterprises in (1994 and 1995),

123 (table)

personal income in, 156 (table)

proprietorship income in, 154 (table)

SBIR program in, 192 (table)

self-employment in, 158 (table)

sources of employment change in, 

136 (table)

sources of establishment change in, 134

(table)

wage-and-salary income in, 154 (table)

women-owned businesses in, 164 (table)

Steel industries

p, , , 

190 (table)

Tax returns

number filed by businesses: 22-23, 23

(table), 74 (table); in 1975-1996, 

172 (table)

Telecommunications

federal procurement of, 179

Terminations, see Business closings

Transportation, U.S. Department of

procurement by, 178

and SBIR program, 180

Unemployment rate, 21, 22 (table)

Vehicle loans

by nonbank lenders, 61

Venture capital, 63, 66 (table), 67 (table)

Wage-and-salary income

by region and state, 154 (table)

Women business owners, 160 (table), 

162 (table)

Women-owned businesses

and characteristics of owners, 162 (table)

federal procurement from: 180-181, 

194 (table); in 1980-1996, 195 (table)

by region and state, 164 (table)

sole proprietorships and their receipts: by

region, 168 (table); by industry, 

169 (table)

Zardkoohi, A, 60

212 The Annual Report on Small Business and Competition