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USAID/Afghanistan 

Operational Plan 

FY 2006 

June 12, 2006 
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Please Note: 

The attached RESULTS INFORMATION is from the FY 2006 Operational Plan and was assembled 

and analyzed by the country or USAID operating unit identified on the cover page. 

The Operational Plan is a "pre-decisional" USAID document and does not reflect results stemming 

from formal USAID review(s) of this document. 

Related document information can be obtained from: 

USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse 

8403 Colesville Road, Suite 210 

Silver Spring, MD 20910 

Telephone: (301) 562-0641 

Fax: (301) 588-7787 

Email: docorder@dec.cdie.org 

Internet: http://www.dec.org 

Portions released on or after July 1, 2006 
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Program Performance Summary FY 2005: Background: 

Afghanistan is seen as one of the key battlegrounds in the fight against global terrorism. Considered as 

both a fragile state and a strategic state due to its recent emergence from violent conflict, continuing 

instability, and importance to the U.S. as a partner in the war against terrorism, USAID efforts in 

Afghanistan focus on not only the rebuilding and creation of a modern nation-state, but also on assisting 

the economic and social development of the country's people. USAID programs directly support U.S. 

foreign policy by addressing the root causes of conflict, insecurity, and political instability. The United 

States is the largest provider of humanitarian and reconstruction aid to Afghanistan and works through 

the coordinated efforts of USAID and the Departments of State, Justice, Agriculture, Treasury and 

Defense to accomplish strategic goals. According to the USAID/Afghanistan Strategic Plan for 

Afghanistan, the goal is to achieve the basic social and economic conditions needed for long-term 

sustainable development to occur. 

Development Challenges: 

Despite the continuing difficulties of emerging from decades of conflict and on-going insurgent and 

criminal movements, Afghanistan made progress towards stability and development this year. Security is 

an ever-present concern in the country for its citizens and development agencies alike and the threat of 

violence remains the greatest obstacle to project implementation in the country. Armed security forces 

must accompany USAID officials on project oversight visits and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) 

have been indiscriminately attacked forcing some to cancel planned activities or scale back efforts. 

However, in spite of the security concerns USAID and our partner staff continue to work with our Afghan 

counterparts to affect change. 

Poppy production in Afghanistan is a complex problem requiring multifaceted solutions of which USAID 

activities are but one part of a five pillar approach supported by other USG Agencies as well as other 

international organizations and governments. Today, opium cultivation accounts for nearly 60% of 

Afghanistan's GNP. Poverty is widespread in rural areas of Afghanistan, with nearly 80% of the rural 

population living in poverty, and poppy cultivation/opium production is seen by many as the only means of 

generating enough annual income to meet basic household requirements. In fact, economic 

considerations were cited as the most important factors for farmers’ decisions to grow poppy by the 

United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC) summary report on opium trends. The main reason 

for farmers’ continued poppy cultivations was a higher opium price compared to other traditionally grown 

commodities. The prospect of higher income generation from alternative-high-value USAID promoted 

crops is a positive factor that will shift production to more licit crops as eradication and interdiction 

programs are implemented. 

Many of Afghanistan's government institutions are weak, lack coordination, have inadequate resources, 

beset by corruption at all levels, and lack competent staff to provide even basic government services and 

functions. Slow economic and social progress, while expected, has led to moderate levels of support for 

the national government. USAID is working towards building government capacity with direct technical 

assistance and training to ministry officials and members of parliament as well as working with local and 

international NGOs to provide training and assistance to government officials and ministry staff at 

provincial and local levels. 

Economic growth is a necessary complement to other USAID goals and a requirement for Afghanistan 

developing into a modern nation-state. However, the existing physical, political, and regulatory 

infrastructure cannot support sustained economic growth. Stimulation of the private sector will be 

challenging, given the impediments to commercial and investment activity. These impediments include 

concerns over the security situation, inadequate power supplies, an uncertain legal and regulatory 

framework, inadequate land-titling and registration systems, and the lack of financing for business startup and expansion. Similar to the need for trained and competent government leaders and bureaucrats, 

there is a similar need in the private sector for skilled workers and mid-level professionals. Sustainable 

economic growth will only be achieved once the Afghanistan government is capable of supporting a 

favorable transparent regulatory body, support the on-going development and maintenance of its 

infrastructure, and the local workforce acquires a skill-set appropriate for today's modern economies. 
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Innovative Solutions/Major Accomplishments: 

Agriculture: USAID agriculture projects employ a market-driven, value chain approach that may be best 

summarized by the theme, “produce what will sell.” This value chain approach emphasizes the 

importance of strengthening all the processes from input supply, through production, post-harvest 

handling (including storage, transportation and processing), and marketing to increase sales of 

agricultural products. USAID's efforts to rebuild Afghanistan's agriculture markets directly contributed to 

rehabilitating more than 542 km of irrigation canals, improving irrigation on 341,624 hectares of land, 

disbursing 28,118 micro credit loans for agricultural activities, serving over 815,769 farmers through 

improved agricultural extension service, vaccinating or treating over 14 million head of livestock, and 

training over 19,000 women in improved poultry management. 

Alternative Livelihoods (AL): The USAID-managed alternative livelihoods program is one piece of a fivepart program targeted to eliminate poppy cultivation and increase licit crop activity and total agriculture 

contribution to GNP. The other areas - public information, interdiction, eradication, and law enforcement 

are managed by other agencies within the U.S. Government. The alternative livelihoods program is 

effecting change in poppy cultivation, income levels, and economic growth in Afghanistan. Switching 

from poppies to other licit crops is not without costs and loss of income to farmers. In order to meet the 

immediate income needs of farmers who are no longer planting poppies, USAID activities provided shortterm income opportunities through 2.8 million work days created by a cash-for-work program. An added 

benefit of this program was the increase in rural productivity from the 2,780 km of drains and canals 

cleaned through the program which lead to improved drainage on 67,620 hectares of agricultural land and 

higher agriculture productivity. 

Economic Growth: USAID activities contributed to an improved customs systems that generated $150 

million in revenue in Afghanistan's FY1383 (March 2004-March 2005) surpassing the goal set by the 

International Monetary Fund. For the first four months of Afghan FY1384, $84.66 million was collected in 

total domestic revenue, a 15% increase from the same period in the previous Afghan fiscal year. The 

completion of the Jumma Mohammad Mohammadi Industrial Park provided the impetus for Coca-Cola to 

locate its first Afghan bottling plant adjacent to the site. Additionally, seven new commercial banks were 

licensed and a loan guarantee fund was established for employers of ex-combatants. Since work began 

in the economic growth sector, 3 million land title deeds and 55,734 businesses have been registered 

which have assisted the private sector in raising its importance in the economy. 

Infrastructure, Engineering, and Energy: The reconstruction and rehabilitation of Afghanistan’s 

infrastructure is a high priority of USAID and a necessity for success in many other areas. The lack of 

critical infrastructure such as roads, electricity, and water hinders other development efforts. Additionally, 

public perception of government legitimacy and efficacy diminishes when basic infrastructure is lacking. 

USAID infrastructure projects include the paving of 389 km of the Kabul-Kandahar Highway, the 

reconstruction of 7 bridges, and the rehabilitation of 39 damaged bridges. 70% of the project to 

rehabilitate the U.S. government's section of the Kandahar-Herat Highway is complete. Construction of 

700km of provincial roads linked to the Ring Road and 491 kilometers of rehabilitated district farm-tomarket roads have helped increase market access, trade, and as a result rural incomes. USAID is 

engaged in rehabilitating the Kajaki Dam Hydro-electric Plant in Kandahar and the Darunta Hydro-electric 

Plant in Jalalabad to increase sustainable energy production and use in these regions and to fuel 

business activity. 

Democracy and Governance: Since 2004, the U.S. has built 25 courthouses and piloted court 

administration reform in 4 provinces. A judicial training program, piloted by USAID, trained 579 judges 

and has since been turned over the Afghan Supreme Court for management and on-going 

implementation. There was high demand for the 4,000 copies of the Constitution and basic laws that 

USAID printed and distributed to courthouses, the Ministry of Justice, prosecutors, and the Palace. 

USAID supported voter registration, civic and voter education programs in 29 of 34 provinces, polling, 

ballot counting, security, and logistics to allow an estimated 6.84 million Afghans to cast their vote in the 

historic Parliamentary elections of September 2005. 

Education: Since the inception of the education program through FY05, 311 schools have been 
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constructed and handed over to the Government of Afghanistan (GoA), and another 65 are finished and 

waiting to be handed-over to the government. As part of the Afghanistan Primary Education Program 

(APEP), master trainers taught their provincial counterparts, who in turn trained local village teachers, 

eventually reaching and providing quality training, at all grade levels, to 10,496 teachers. Enrollment 

targets for the APEP exceeded expectations with more than 170,000 students benefiting at the peak of 

the program. In addition, approximately 65,000 teachers were regular listeners to USAID sponsored daily 

teacher training radio broadcasts. From 2002 until the end of FY 2005, USAID printed 48.5 million 

textbooks and distributed over 42 million throughout the countryside. 

Health: At the policy level, USAID has assisted with the development of the Essential Package of 

Hospital Services (EPHS), as well as Infection Prevention, Reproductive Health, Disease Surveillance 

and Behavior Change Communication policies. Towards the end of the year, USAID also supported the 

development of a Post Partum Hemorrhage Prevention strategy. In cooperation with the GoA, a total of 

320 health clinics have been rehabilitated and staffed, and an additional 389 clinics have been built and 

transferred to the government. These clinics are now providing health care services to local communities 

and an estimated 7.4 million citizens. To combat one of the highest infant and maternal childbirth 

mortality rates in the world, USAID trained 337 midwives and currently enrolls over 493 women in the 18-

month community and hospital midwifery education program. Through the Rural Expansion of 

Afghanistan’ Community-based Healthcare Project, USAID has supported the training of approximately 

2,000 Community Health Workers (CHWs). This cadre of health workers is critical to reaching those 

remote areas of Afghanistan where underserved populations have no immediate access to a health 

facility. The GOA’s initiative to provide basic services is supported by USAID. Currently USAID-funded 

clinics provide basic services to 333,000 people in 332 facilities per month; Community Health Workers 

see an additional 150,000 people per month. Locally produced and bottled Clorin, a USAID water 

treatment product, provided 375 million liters of safe drinking water to Afghans. USAID, in conjunction 

with The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization (WHO), in efforts 

to eradicate polio, provided vaccinations of 9.9 million children. 

Disarmament Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR): The successful disbanding of illegally armed 

groups is critical to the future progress of the country. A successful DDR program, along with a capable 

Afghan National Army and Afghan National Police force, will be critical in the near- and medium-term 

future to reduce state fragility and to improve the overall security situation. Disarmament of 63,380 former 

combatants, through the UN's DDR program, was concluded in August and one third of the personnel 

have graduated from the program. As a part of this process, USAID created DDR Employment 

Assistance Centers in multiple locations. These centers recorded impressive demand for job placement 

services and also high demand for business advice for the self-employed. Through DDR pilot micro 

finance projects, approximately 400 loans were granted, some as low as $50. Working with USAID's 

education and democracy and governance programs, local manufactures owned by or employing DDR 

participants were contracted to build and supply furniture for schools and courtrooms. Although initially 

small, this cross-sector project injected $160,000 directly into the local economy and created demand for 

more orders of school and court room furniture, all of which keeps the DDR craftsmen employed, 

supports local enterprise development, and places USAID funds directly into the heart of the Afghan 

economy. 

Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRT): Extending the authority and reach of the GoA is critical to the 

future progress of the country and is one of the goals of the 22 PRTs. Additionally the PRTs contribute to 

improving security outside of Kabul and facilitating reconstruction. The PRTs work with the Afghan 

National Army and local police to improve the security environment for USAID initiated Quick Impact 

Projects (QIP) or independent NGO projects. Numerous QIPs have been completed in sectors such as 

agriculture, infrastructure, health, education, and water. 

Integrated Programming: 

USAID integrates the needs of women into virtually all of its programs to increase women’s political 

participation, education, economic opportunities, and their role in civil society. To adequately address 

gender inequalities in Afghanistan, USAID makes gender a cross-cutting issue in almost every 

component of the USAID portfolio. The health sector is one area in which close attention has been given 
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to the effect of programming on gender status and traditional gender norms. These programs consider 

appropriate interventions to disseminate information on family planning, contraceptive methods, maternal 

health, and neo-natal care. 

Positive gender impact has been realized in many of the areas in which USAID works. Close to five 

million children are now enrolled in school and 40% are women and girls, representing the highest 

percentage of female students in Afghanistan's history. Another sign of success is the number of women 

in the workplace, including the more than 1,000 women entrepreneurs belonging to the newly formed 

Afghan Women’s Business Federation. Women are also present in the government, with 102 women 

participating in the Constitutional Loya Jirga and several holding senior positions in the government. In 

the newly elected 188-member lower house of Parliament, 68 women will sit in elected positions, 

unimaginable just a few short years ago under the oppressive Taliban regime. 
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FY 2006 Program 

SO: 306-004 Program Support 

Improve Quality of Workforce through Vocational/Technical Education 

Improve Quality of Workforce through Vocational/Technical Education ($2,000,000 ESF; $29,094,832 

ESF Prior Year Supplemental). The Afghan Building Capacity (ABC) program is engaging Afghan 

government employees in participant training, workshops, and seminars. It is also building capacity at the 

national and provincial levels by strengthening key institutions such as the Civil Service Training Center 

and institutions of higher education. The ABC is also fostering alliances to introduce learner-centered 

teaching methods, build digital libraries, promote e-Learning, and modernize curriculums. USAID is 

forging links with U.S. technology leaders such as Cisco Systems, Inc. to build an Information Technology 

workforce and provide incentives to develop private sector training. Principal Implementer: To Be 

Determined (TBD). 

Program Support 

Program Support ($3,000,000 DA; $9,000,000 ESF; $299,168 ESF Prior Year Supplemental). The 

Afghan Management Information Services program is expanding its GeoBase activity tracking system to 

include other U.S. Government agencies, and a standard evaluation process is being applied throughout 

the portfolio. Modern web-based technologies are being used to launch a broad outreach campaign 

focused on communicating USAID's programs to the Afghan public. USAID is introducing web-based 

knowledge sharing software so USAID staff and their partners can work jointly on documents and projects 

without common access to a Local Area Network. Principal Implementers: Washington State University 

and United States Department of Agriculture. 

Promote And Support Anti-Corruption Reforms 

Promote and Support Anti-Corruption Reforms ($5,000,000 DA; $65,000,000 ESF; $91,906,000 ESF 

Prior Year Supplemental). USAID technical specialists are assisting the Ministry of Women’s Affairs to 

prepare a strategic plan, launch a national advocacy campaign, and design and test a management 

improvement program for its 17 Women’s Development Centers. Funds are being committed to the 

Afghan Reconstruction Trust Fund (ARTF), which is managed by the World Bank and promotes 

accountability and transparency while providing resources for GOA-managed development and 

operational activities. Contributions to the ARTF are an extremely high priority for the Government of 

Afghanistan, and the United States is the second largest bilateral donor. The PRTs are heightening the 

profile and reach of the provincial and local governments through a range of locally driven projects such 

as roads, small irrigation canals, public buildings, and renewable energy. The PRTs are also working to 

increase capacity and responsibility of local government units to identify, program, and manage 

development funds. USAID is supporting the National Solidarity Program (NSP) which helps organize 

community and village-level councils, strengthens transparency and accountability, and finances 

community-designed development activities. Principal Implementers: International Organization for 

Migration and United Nations Office of Project Services. 

FY 2007 Program 

SO: 306-004 Program Support 

Improve Quality of Workforce through Vocational/Technical Education 

Improve Quality of Workforce through Vocational/Technical Education ($30,000,000 ESF). Internet 

networks will become operational on a majority of Afghan university campuses, and several hundred 

Afghan students and junior faculty will be able to enroll in e-Learning-based degree programs through the 

ABC program and its alliance partners. Certificate and Master's Degree programs will become available 

on select university campuses nationally and in the provinces. Private sector providers of training 
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services will broaden their coverage to include multiple priority sectors. Principal Implementer: TBD. 

Program Support 

Program Support ($8,000,000 DA; $3,000,000 ESF). The Afghan Management Information Services 

program will expand its GeoBase activity tracking system until all donors and most elements of the GOA 

are using it for program and activity tracking. Benefits that will accrue are enhanced planning, 

implementation, and coordination of assistance in all sectors. USAID will collect and disseminate 

evaluation findings and observations to all stakeholders on a regular and consistent basis. Collaborative 

workspaces will be enabled for use by all USAID partners, major donors, and the GOA to work on project 

design, implementation, and evaluation. Awareness of USAID efforts among key Afghan stakeholder 

groups will be widespread and well-received due to modern web-based outreach campaigns. Principal 

Implementer: TBD. 

Promote And Support Anti-Corruption Reforms 

Promote & Support Anti-Corruption Reforms ($107,000,000 ESF). USAID will begin mainstreaming eGovernment through the ABC program, continue aiding the Ministry of Women’s Affairs, promote 

transparency and accountability through the ARTF, and direct PRTs to work closely with provincial-level 

officials and their district-level counterparts to establish locally integrated development approaches. 

Support will continue for the organization of community councils and the funding of local development 

activities under the NSP. Principal Implementer: TBD. 

FY 2006 Program 

SO: 306-005 A Thriving Economy Led by the Private Sector 

Develop & Expand Alternative Development 

Develop and Expand Alternative Development ($8,403,000 DA; $132,200,000 ESF; $700,000 ESF Prior 

Year Supplemental). The Alternative Livelihoods program is combating poppy production in nine poppy 

producing provinces, promoting sustainable regional development, and providing cash-for-work 

programs. Principal Implementers: Chemonics, Development Alternatives Inc. (DAI), and Planning and 

Development Collaborative International (PADCO). 

Expand & Improve Access To Economic & Social Infrastructure 

Expand and Improve Access To Economic and Social Infrastructure ($138,000,000 ESF; $97,850,000 

ESF Prior Year Supplemental). USAID is completing the Kandahar to Herat Highway, which is a 

Presidential Initiative; completing the construction of critical secondary roads; expanding power 

generation; and procuring fuel for power plants until sufficient domestic electric production is attained. 

Principal Implementers: the Louis Berger Group, Inc., United Nations Office of Project Services, and 

Advanced Engineering Associates, Inc. 

Improve Access To Clean Water & Sanitation 

Improve Access To Clean Water and Sanitation ($2,000,000 ESF; $3,000,000 ESF Prior Year 

Supplemental). USAID is expanding access to clean water by rural and urban households and 

communities, focusing primarily on service delivery and service access. Principal Implementers: CDM 

Constructors, Inc. and United Nations Development Programme. 

Improve Economic Policy and the Business Environment 
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Improve Economic Policy and the Business Environment ($25,000,000 DA; $5,500,000 ESF; $8,400,000 

ESF Prior Year Supplemental). USAID assistance to the Ministry of Finance is building capacity for 

customs revenue collection. USAID is pursuing privatization of state-owned enterprises and promotion of 

property rights through land titling. Principal Implementers: Bearing Point and Emerging Markets Group. 

Improve Private Sector Competitiveness 

Improve Private Sector Competitiveness ($13,500,000 DA; $17,000,000 ESF; $15,100,000 ESF Prior 

Year Supplemental). USAID is working in targeted provinces with a new Small and Medium Enterprise 

(SME) program and a new Access to Capital activity. SMEs are receiving assistance in the areas of 

developing business plans, marketing, accounting, production, quality control, and human resource 

management. USAID is developing industrial parks, improving Afghan production and marketing, and 

integrating the private sector into the global competitive market. Principal Implementers: On-The-Frontier, 

Center for International Private Enterprise, and Technologies Inc. 

Increase Agricultural Sector Productivity 

Increase Agricultural Sector Productivity ($32,835,000 DA; $2,123,000 ESF; $17,600,000 ESF Prior Year 

Supplemental). The Rebuilding Agricultural Markets Program (RAMP) is continuing to build Government 

of Afghanistan capacity, rehabilitate rural infrastructure, utilize Information Technology for agricultural 

productivity gains, expand rural financial services, and equip partners to manage natural resources in a 

sustainable manner. A follow-on activity will be initiated to further increase agricultural sector productivity 

in a sustainable manner through technology transfer, access to credit for rural producers, and agribusinesses. In order to increase trade and investment, USAID is building the capacity of associations to 

produce, market, and export high-value agriculture commodities. The Ministry of Agriculture and Kabul 

University will receive technical assistance. Principal Implementer: Chemonics and others To Be 

Determined (TBD). 

FY 2007 Program 

SO: 306-005 A Thriving Economy Led by the Private Sector 

Develop & Expand Alternative Development 

Develop and Expand Alternative Development ($9,000,000 DA; $100,000,000 ESF). USAID will continue 

to implement the Alternative Livelihoods program to combat poppy production in major poppy growing 

provinces, promoting sustainable regional development and providing cash for work to individuals to 

forego poppy cultivation. Principal Implementers: Chemonics, DAI, and PADCO. 

Expand & Improve Access To Economic & Social Infrastructure 

Expand and Improve Access To Economic and Social Infrastructure ($5,500,000 DA; $219,500,000 ESF). 

USAID will rehabilitate and expand power generation and transmission systems, fund ongoing metering 

and capacity building activities, procure fuel in four principal urban areas, and fund one secondary road 

and three provincial roads. Principal Implementer: TBD. 

Improve Economic Policy and the Business Environment 

Improve Economic Policy and the Business Environment ($24,500,000 ESF). Macroeconomic reform, 

revenue collection, and privatization of state-owned enterprises will continue. Principal Implementer: TBD. 
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Improve Private Sector Competitiveness 

Improve Private Sector Competitiveness ($39,000,000 DA; $8,000,000 ESF). USAID will continue to 

develop industrial business parks, assist Afghan firms to compete in the global market, and support 

SMEs. Principal Implementer: TBD. 

Increase Agricultural Sector Productivity 

Increase Agricultural Sector Productivity ($35,500,000 DA; $8,500,000 ESF). The follow-on program to 

RAMP will accelerate market led growth. It will link rural producers with markets and input suppliers, 

assist farmers and private sector entrepreneurs to add value to agricultural raw materials, harness market 

opportunities, rehabilitate small scale agricultural infrastructure such as irrigation and farm to market 

roads, and provide support for storage and processing facilities. USAID will focus on high-value 

horticulture products for domestic and international markets to increase rural incomes. A biodiversity 

conservation and natural resource management program will promote environmental protection and 

conservation in areas with significant biological and economic values. The Global Livestock Collaborative 

Research Support Program will introduce risk management tools to enable livestock raisers and 

government decision makers to plan for and put into place measures that will reduce the impact of 

droughts. Principal Implementer: Wildlife Conservation Society and University of California-Davis. 

FY 2006 Program 

SO: 306-006 A Democratic Government with Broad Citizen Participation 

Establish & Ensure Media Freedom & Freedom Of Information 

Establish and Ensure Media Freedom and Freedom of Information ($3,000,000 ESF; $1,100,000 ESF 

Prior Year Supplemental). USAID is assisting newly established independent radio stations to improve 

their financial sustainability and the quality of their production and journalism. Principal Implementer: 

Internews and others To Be Determined (TBD). 

Strengthen Civil Society 

Strengthen Civil Society ($5,000,000 ESF; $2,300,000 ESF Prior Year Supplemental). USAID is 

continuing to support training and provide small grants to non-governmental organizations (NGO) to 

increase their ability to serve their communities and advocate for the interests of Afghan citizens. At least 

50% of the small grants program is reserved for NGOs addressing women's issues. Principal 

Implementer: Counterpart International. 

Strengthen Democratic Political Parties 

Strengthen Democratic Political Parties ($3,000,000 ESF; $1,550,000 ESF Prior Year Supplemental). 

USAID is continuing to provide support to strengthen political parties. USAID will assist Members of 

Parliament in developing constituent communication and services, and aid the National Assembly and 

Independent Election Commission in voter education. Principal Implementer: International Republican 

Institute (IRI) and National Democratic Institute (NDI). 

Strengthen the Justice Sector 

Strengthen the Justice Sector ($7,500,000 DA; $3,150,000 ESF Prior Year Supplemental). USAID is 

completing the construction and rehabilitation of three additional courthouses; supporting judicial 

education, court administration, and public education to acquaint citizens with the legal system and their 

rights; and continuing efforts to support drafting, legal translation, harmonization, indexing, and 
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codification of laws. Principal Implementers: Management Systems International (MSI) and Checchi. 

Strengthen the Legislative Function/Legal Framework 

Strengthen the Legislative Function/Legal Framework ($10,000,000 DA). USAID is funding orientation 

and training programs for Members of Parliament and the Parliament’s professional staff; assisting the 

establishment of administrative procedures and a committee system; supporting the development of 

legislative oversight functions; and initiating strategies to effectively manage executive-legislative 

relations. Assistance is being provided to establish efficient relationships between the Parliament and the 

newly established Ministry of State for Parliamentary Affairs representing the President. Principal 

Implementers: The State University of New York (SUNY), NDI, and IRI. 

Support Democratic Local Government & Decentralization 

Support Democratic Local Government and Decentralization ($7,500,000 DA; $10,000,000 ESF). USAID 

is providing assistance to provincial councils and other sub-national governments to define their roles and 

authorities vis-à-vis the national government; teach the basic skills needed to carry out these 

responsibilities (budgeting, planning, etc.); and improve service delivery of the sub-national governments. 

Principal Implementers: Associates in Rural Development Inc. (ARD) and International City Managers 

Association (ICMA). 

FY 2007 Program 

SO: 306-006 A Democratic Government with Broad Citizen Participation 

Establish & Ensure Media Freedom & Freedom Of Information 

Establish and Ensure Media Freedom and Freedom Of Information ($3,000,000 ESF). USAID will 

continue to emphasize financial sustainability through the production of marketing plans, the use of 

customer surveys, and increased fees for services. The aim is to consolidate the gains made to date as 

the number of viable radio markets shrink with the increase in radio stations. Television production will be 

examined, but given the low percentage of homes with televisions and the uncertainty of electricity 

supply, assistance to television production currently is undecided. Principal Implementer: TBD. 

Strengthen Civil Society 

Strengthen Civil Society ($5,000,000 ESF). USAID will continue to support training and small grants to 

civil society organizations to increase their ability to advocate for the interests of Afghan citizens. Building 

the capacity of NGOs to efficiently manage themselves both in administration and finance will continue to 

be a priority. The small grant program will continue with at least 50% of such grants reserved for NGOs 

addressing women’s issues. Principal Implementer: Counterpart International. 

Strengthen Democratic Political Parties 

Strengthen Democratic Political Parties ($7,000,000 DA; $3,000,000 ESF). USAID support will address 

topics such as party management, voter outreach programs, coalition building, democratic selfmanagement, and financial campaigns. Support will be aimed at Members of Parliament and Members of 

the Provincial Councils. This activity will liaise closely with the Legislative/Legal Framework and Local 

Government/Decentralization activities. Principal Implementer: IRI and NDI. 

Strengthen the Justice Sector 
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Strengthen the Justice Sector ($12,000,000 DA). USAID will continue to support justice sector 

infrastructure improvements, judicial education, court administration, and civic education. Specialized 

training on the rights of women and children will be offered to more advanced judges to form a cadre 

within the judiciary equipped to deal with such issues. Principal Implementers: MSI and Checchi. 

Strengthen the Legislative Function/Legal Framework 

Strengthen the Legislative Function/Legal Framework ($1,000,000 DA; $4,000,000 ESF). USAID will 

continue to support the development of the Parliament and training programs for Members of Parliament. 

USAID's focus will be on improving the structures and functions of committees and sub-committees and 

promoting understanding and mastery of the budgetary process. Principal Implementer: SUNY. 

Support Democratic Local Government & Decentralization 

Support Democratic Local Government and Decentralization ($5,000,000 DA; $14,000,000 ESF). USAID 

will continue to support sub-national governments to improve their effectiveness and service delivery. The 

provision of provincial level services will become a target of intervention, with health, education, and 

urban waste and waste-water management as the principal foci. Principal Implementers: ARD and ICMA. 

FY 2006 Program 

SO: 306-007 A Better Educated and Healthier Population 

Achieve Equitable Access to Quality Basic Education 

Achieve Equitable Access to Quality Basic Education ($35,762,000 DA; $7,877,000 ESF; $21,500,000 

ESF Prior Year Supplemental). The Afghanistan Primary Education Program is continuing to work in 

accelerated learning, reintegrating out-of-school children into the formal educational system. School 

construction and rehabilitation activities are providing students access to education facilities. The new 

Basic Education Project (BEP) is providing training for primary school teachers in subject matter and 

modern teaching practices; capacity building for the MoE to develop systems that support and sustain 

quality teaching; and support for annual printing and distribution of textbooks. USAID is also implementing 

a Community-Based Education Project (CBEP) to expand and improve the quality of community-based 

education where government schools are not available. The Literacy for Community Empowerment and 

Integrated Skills (L-CEIS) program is supporting the development of a flexible and adaptable approach to 

literacy, numeracy, and life skills. Principal Implementers: Creative Associates Inc. International and the 

Education Development Center. 

Improve Child Survival, Health & Nutrition 

Improve Child Survival, Health and Nutrition ($33,808,500 CSH; $6,000,000 ESF; $2,415,000 CSH Prior 

Year Unobligated; $7,370,099 ESF Prior Year Unobligated; $12,475,901 ESF Prior Year Supplemental). 

In conjunction with building the capacity of the MoPH, the Rural Expansion of Afghanistan's Communitybased Healthcare Program (REACH) is emphasizing improved access to basic health services in 13 

provinces, capacity building for health workers, community health education, and community involvement 

and empowerment. USAID is supporting the United Nations Children's Fund and the World Health 

Organization to conduct polio and measles immunization campaigns and maintain polio surveillance. 

Additionally, USAID is assisting the National Program for Action on Disability to effectively advocate and 

provide services to persons with disabilities. Principal Implementer: Management Sciences for Health 

(MSH) and others To Be Determined (TBD). 

Improve Maternal Health & Nutrition 
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Improve Maternal Health and Nutrition ($7,640,500 CSH; $4,000,000 ESF; $7,175,000 ESF Prior Year 

Supplemental). USAID is undertaking behavior change activities to increase knowledge, access, and use 

of services by women for an improved health status for the entire family. The MoPH is continuing to 

receive technical assistance in diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of tuberculosis. REACH is 

continuing to support capacity building for health workers, including midwives and female community 

health workers, and quality improvement at all levels of the health service delivery system. Principal 

Implementer: MSH and others TBD. 

Increase Capacity of Higher Education to Contribute to Development 

Increase Capacity of Higher Education to Contribute to Development ($14,000,000 ESF; $9,200,000 ESF 

Prior Year Supplemental). USAID is continuing support for the National Women's Dormitory and the 

American University of Afghanistan (AUAf). Since AUAf construction is financed by other donors, future 

USAID funding will primarily support operating expenses and equipment. The new Higher Education 

Project (HEP) will begin to provide training to improve teacher education for future secondary school 

teachers at 16 four-year post-secondary institutions. Principal Implementers: The Asia Foundation and 

United Nations Office of Project Services. 

FY 2007 Program 

SO: 306-007 A Better Educated and Healthier Population 

Achieve Equitable Access to Quality Basic Education 

Achieve Equitable Access to Quality Basic Education ($28,000,000 DA; $33,000,000 ESF). USAID will 

continue the BEP, CBEP, and L-CEIS activities. School construction and rehabilitation activities will 

continue to provide students access to education facilities. Principal Implementer: TBD. 

Improve Child Survival, Health & Nutrition 

Improve Child Survival, Health and Nutrition ($25,384,000 CSH; $25,384,000 ESF). USAID’s health 

program will continue to support provision of basic child health services with increased management and 

oversight from MoPH. Health worker capacity building and health system quality improvement will 

continue to be supported through USAID implementers. Behavior change activities initiated in FY 2006 

will continue to improve family knowledge, access, and use of services for improved child health. The 

MoPH will receive support from USAID implementers in the management of NGO service delivery grants 

and contracts. Principal Implementer: TBD. 

Improve Maternal Health & Nutrition 

Improve Maternal Health and Nutrition ($17,416,000 CSH; $10,116,000 ESF). USAID will continue to 

support health worker capacity building, prioritizing recruitment and training of female health workers and 

health system quality improvement. Behavior change activities will continue to target family and 

community decision makers. USAID will address issues related to gender in all programs to increase use 

of health services by women. Principal Implementer: TBD. 

Increase Capacity of Higher Education to Contribute to Development 

Increase Capacity of Higher Education to Contribute to Development ($12,000,000 ESF). The key 

component will be the continuation of the HEP to support university-level teacher education and faculty 

development. Support will continue for the National Women's Dormitory and the AUAf. Principal 

Implementer: TBD. 
14

Results Framework 

306-001 Re-establish Food Security 

Program Title: Agriculture and Alternative Livelihoods 

306-002 Create Conditions for Stability 

Program Title: Basic Education and Health 

306-003 Rehabilitate Afghanistan as a Nation-State 

Program Title: Infrastructure, Economy & Democracy 

306-004 Program Support 

Program Title: Enhanced Mission Development Results 

 4.1: Improved Environment for Development 

 4.1.1: Local Stability Programs Supported 

 4.1.2: Conflicts in Border Areas Reduced 

 4.1.3: Security Information Widely Distributed 

 4.2: Reinforced Sector Programs 

 4.2.1: Innovative Approaches Adopted 

 4.2.2: Public and Private Sector Capacity Expanded 

 4.3: Program Development and Learning Supported 

 4.3.1: Performance Monitoring, Evaluation, Analyses, and Reporting Enhanced 

 4.3.2: Information Sharing and Donor Coordination Increased 

 4.3.3: Program Designs Improved 

 4.3.4: Integration of Special Interests Addressed 

Discussion: PMP has not been approved yet. 

306-005 A Thriving Economy Led by the Private Sector 

Program Title: Economic Growth 

 5.1: Accelerated Growth in the Rural Economy 

 5.1.1: Market-led Agricultural Production in Targeted Areas Increased 

 5.1.2: Alternative Livelihoods in Target Areas Increased 

 5.1.3: Renewable Natural Resources Management Improved 

 5.2: Increased Incomes through Economic Growth 

 5.2.1: Economic Policy and Governance Improved 

 5.2.2: Financial Sector Contribution to Economic Growth Enhanced 

 5.2.3: Participation in Global Trade and Competitiveness Increased 

 5.3: Improved Physical Infrastructure Essential for Economic Growth 

 5.3.1: Access to Reliable, Affordable Energy Services Expanded 

 5.3.2: Road Networks Expanded 

 5.3.3: Telecommunications Services Built 

Discussion: PMP has not been approved yet. 

306-006 A Democratic Government with Broad Citizen Participation 

Program Title: Democracy and Governance 

 6.1: Enhanced Rule of Law 

 6.1.1: Citizens' Awareness of Legal Rights and Operation of the Judicial Sector Increased 

 6.1.2: Formal Court System Improved 

 6.1.3: Institutional Capacity for Lawmaking Strengthened 
15

 6.2: Strengthened Election and Political Processes 

 6.2.1: Non-violent, Participatory, and Fair Elections Ensured 

 6.2.2: Democratic Political Coalitions and Groupings Ensured 

 6.3: Strengthened Institutions for Good Governance 

 6.3.1: Office of Presidency Operations Enhanced 

 6.3.2: Policies and Procedures for National Assembly Developed 

 6.3.3: Democratic Local Governance Supported 

 6.4: Increase Presence and Performance of Civil Society 

 6.4.1: Legal and Regulatory Framework Improved 

 6.4.2: Capacity of Civil Society Organizations Increased 

 6.4.3: Free, Balanced, and Independent Media Developed 

Discussion: PMP has not been approved yet. 

306-007 A Better Educated and Healthier Population 

Program Title: A better educated and healthier population 

 7.1: Improved health of women of reproductive age and children under five 

 7.1.1: Access to Basic and Secondary Health Services Expanded 

 7.1.2: Ability of Individuals, Families, and Communities to Protect their Health Increased 

 7.1.3: Quality of Health Services Systems Improved 

 7.1.4: Utilization of the Private Sector for Health Services and Products Increased 

 7.2: Increased Access to Quality Education 

 7.2.1: Teacher Competency Improved 

 7.2.2: Systems to Support and Sustain Competent Teaching Strengthened 

 7.2.3: Facilities, Equipment, and Teaching Materials Enhanced 

Discussion: PMP has not been approved yet.