# Patent

## Title
Apparatus and method to feed livestock

## Abstract

A method of feeding livestock using a mobile feed preparation apparatus is presented. The method comprises dispensing from the mobile feed preparation apparatus a first feed ration comprising a base feed and a first feed additive and a second feed ration comprising the base feed and a second feed additive, where the first feed additive and the second feed additive differ.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This is a Continuation-In-Part Application claiming priority to U.S. Non-Provisional Application having Ser. No. 12/181,203, which was filed on Jul. 28, 2008, and which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1A illustrates a prior art apparatus to feed livestock. Apparatus 100 comprises cab portion 102 and trailer assembly 105. In certain embodiments, powered unit 102 and trailer 105 comprise an integral manufacture.
Trailer assembly 105 comprises feed container 110 and delivery assembly 120 disposed therein. Referring now to FIGS. 1A and 1B, feed 150 is disposed in feed container 110 and is gravity fed into delivery assembly 120. In the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 1A and 1B, delivery assembly 120 comprises a first auger 130 and a second auger 140. In other embodiments, delivery assembly 120 may comprise a single auger. In still other embodiments, delivery assembly 120 comprises more than 2 augers. In certain embodiments, multiple augers may operate in a counter-rotating fashion.
Referring now to FIGS. 1C and 1D, apparatus 100/105 is disposed adjacent to a livestock feeding site and positioned such that feed trailer 105 is disposed adjacent to feed bunk 170. Side 190 of feed trailer 105 is formed to include aperture 180. Delivery assembly 120 is energized, and feed 150 is transferred from feed container 110, through aperture 180, across chute 160 and into feed bunk 170. In some instances, the size of aperture 180 is adjustable by means of operable door to regulate feed 150 flow.
The prior art apparatus of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C, can deliver the same feed formulation to a plurality of feeding locations. However, different formulations cannot be delivered to different locations with the same load of feed 150.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Applicants' invention comprises a method of feeding livestock using a mobile feed preparation apparatus. The method comprises dispensing from the mobile feed preparation apparatus a first feed ration comprising a base feed and a first feed additive and dispensing from the mobile feed preparation apparatus a second feed ration comprising the base feed and a second feed additive, wherein the first feed additive and the second feed additive differ.
The invention further comprises a method using Applicants' mobile feed preparation apparatus to prepare a feed composition specific to a designated feeding site. The method comprises dispensing from the mobile feed preparation apparatus a first feed ration comprising a base feed and a first feed additive and a second feed ration comprising the base feed and a second feed additive, where the first feed additive and the second feed additive differ.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be better understood from a reading of the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the drawings in which like reference designators are used to designate like elements, and in which:
FIGS. 1A-1D illustrate prior art apparatus;
FIG. 2A schematically depicts one embodiment of Applicants' feed preparation apparatus;
FIG. 2B schematically depicts a second embodiment of Applicants' feed preparation apparatus;
FIG. 3A illustrates Applicants' feed preparation apparatus of FIG. 2A disposed in a wheeled-vehicle comprising an engine;
FIG. 3B illustrates Applicants' feed preparation apparatus of FIG. 2A disposed in a wheeled-vehicle that does not comprise an engine;
FIG. 3C illustrates Applicants' feed preparation apparatus of FIG. 2B disposed in a wheeled-vehicle comprising an engine;
FIG. 3D illustrates Applicants' feed preparation apparatus of FIG. 2B disposed in a wheeled-vehicle that does not comprise an engine;
FIG. 3E depicts a controller in the operator's cab of a wheeled vehicle;
FIG. 4 schematically depicts a controller of the invention;
FIG. 5 schematically depicts a database aspect of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing additional components of one or more feed additive assemblies disposed in the feed preparation apparatus of FIG. 2A or FIG. 2B;
FIG. 7A is a block diagram of an exemplary feed additive preparation system according to Applicants' invention;
FIG. 7B is a block diagram of another exemplary feed additive preparation system according to Applicants' invention;
FIG. 8A depicts an embodiment of a spray nozzle assembly of Applicants' feed preparation apparatus; and
FIG. 8B depicts another embodiment of a spray nozzle assembly of Applicants' feed preparation apparatus.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
This invention is described in preferred embodiments in the following description with reference to the Figures, in which like numbers represent the same or similar elements. Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” or similar language means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment,” “in an embodiment,” and similar language throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment.
The described features, structures, or characteristics of the invention may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are recited to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the invention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the invention may be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, and so forth. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the invention.
The prior art apparatus of FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D, does not permit variations of the feed formulation. What is needed is a mobile apparatus that can provide a plurality of feed formulations at a plurality of feeding locations.
Applicants' apparatus, and method using that apparatus, provides a plurality of feed formulations at a plurality of feeding locations, logs the actual amounts and formulations provided, and optionally generates an alert if an actual delivered quantity differs from a pre-set target quantity, and/or if an actual delivered feed formulation differs from a pre-set target feed formulation.
Applicants' apparatus can be disposed on either the exterior or interior of a prior art feed trailer 105. In the alternative, Applicants' apparatus can be incorporated into a new article of manufacture.
FIG. 2A illustrates Applicants' assembly 200. FIG. 2B illustrates Applicants' assembly 202.
In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 2A, Applicants' assembly 200 comprises mixing assembly 210, motor 220, first measurement device 252, second measurement device 254, third measurement device 256, and fourth measurement device 258, first feed additive assembly 270, second feed additive assembly 280, third feed additive assembly 290, controller 400, and optionally auger assembly 230 and motor 240.
In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 2A, feed augers 130 and 140 deliver feed 150 from feed container 110 (as shown in FIG. 1B) into mixing assembly 210. Mixing assembly 210 comprises mixing auger 214 disposed within mixing assembly 210. In certain embodiments, motor 220 can cause mixing auger 214 to rotate within mixing assembly 210 thereby conveying feed from input augers 130 and 140 to output auger assembly 230. Motor 220 is interconnected with controller 400 by communication link 225.
Motor 240 causes augers 232 and 234 to rotate, thereby conveying feed 150 in optional combination with one or more of Feed Additive “A”, and/or Feed Additive “B”, and/or Feed Additive “C,” from augers 130/140 to chute 236. In certain embodiments, Feed Additives A, B, and C, are selected from the group consisting of a beta-agonist, a vitamin, a parasiticide, an antibiotic, a probiotic, a growth promoter, an estrus suppressant, an ionophore, a microbial, an antimicrobial, a nutritional supplement, a larvicide, a mineral, any other feed supplement, or any combination thereof.
Motor 240 is interconnected with, and controlled by, controller 400 via communication link 245. In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 2A, delivery auger assembly 230 comprises first auger 232 and second auger 234. In other embodiments, delivery auger assembly 230 comprises a single auger.
In certain embodiments, Applicants' mobile feed preparation apparatus does not include auger system 210 or auger system 230. Rather as illustrated in FIG. 2B, assembly 202 comprises feed additive assemblies 270, 280, and 290, disposed above input augers 130 and 140. Controller 400 causes one or more of feed additive assemblies 270, 280, and/or 290, to dispense one or more feed additives onto feed 150 as feed 150 is moved by augers 130 and 140. In certain embodiments, one or more feed additives are combined with feed 150 as feed 150 is traveling down chute 160 or as feed 150 falls from chute 160 into feed bunk 170. In certain embodiments, one or more feed additives are added directly to feed after it has been delivered to feed bunk 170.
In the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 2A and 2B, feed additive assembly 270 comprises reservoir 272, valve 274, conduit 276, communication link 278, and spray apparatus 378. Conduit 276 interconnects valve 274 and mixing assembly 210. Communication link 278 interconnects valve 274 and controller 400. In certain embodiments, valve 274 comprises a totalizer, wherein that totalizer determines the amount, either in weight or volume, of Feed Additive Composition A passing through valve 274. In these embodiments, the amount of Feed Additive Composition A added to the feed is communicated to controller 400 via communication link 278.
In the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 2A and 2B, feed additive assembly 280 comprises reservoir 282, valve 284, conduit 286, communication link 288, and spray apparatus 388. Conduit 286 interconnects valve 284 and mixing assembly 210. Communication link 288 interconnects valve 284 and controller 400. In certain embodiments, valve 284 comprises a totalizer, wherein that totalizer determines the amount, either in weight or volume, of Feed Additive Composition B passing through valve 284. In these embodiments, the amount of Feed Additive Composition B added to the feed is communicated to controller 400 via communication link 288.
In the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 2A and 2B, feed additive assembly 290 comprises reservoir 292, valve 294, conduit 296, communication link 978, and spray apparatus 398. Conduit 296 interconnects valve 294 and mixing assembly 210. Communication link 298 interconnects valve 294 and controller 400. In certain embodiments, valve 294 comprises a totalizer, wherein that totalizer determines the amount, either in weight or volume, of Feed Additive Composition C passing through valve 294. In these embodiments, the amount of Feed Additive Composition C added to the feed is communicated to controller 400 via communication link 298.
Spray assemblies 378, 388, and 398 are attached to the end of conduits 276, 286, and 296, respectively, and are located over auger 214/130. FIGS. 8A and 8B depicts embodiments of spray assembly 378. As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, in certain embodiments spray assemblies 388 and 398 will be the same as spray assembly 378. In certain other embodiments, spray assemblies 388 and 398 will differ from spray assembly 378. Turning to FIG. 8B, in certain embodiments, spray assembly 378 comprises main input 360 and sub inputs 362A, 362B, and 362C. In such embodiments, a feed additive is mixed with water or one or more other liquids or solids within spray assembly 378 and are sprayed on the feed base. In such embodiments, the feed additive may be a liquid or a solid and may be injected into an air stream and then input into to spay assembly 378 via main input 360 or one of sub inputs 362A, 362B, or 362C. Water or another additive is also input into spray assembly 378 via main input 360 or one of sub inputs 362A, 362B, or 362C.
In certain embodiments, base 366 of spray assembly 378 is veined, as illustrated by veins 364A, 364B, and 364C, to assist in directing the spray of the feed additive mixture as it leaves spray assembly 378. In certain embodiments, spray assembly 378 further comprises rubber flap 368 to further direct the spray of the feed additive mixture and to spread out the feed base such that it is evenly sprayed with the feed additive mixture.
In certain embodiments, the feed additive is a particulate, such as, by way of illustration and not limitation, a powder. In such embodiments, the feed additive may be conveyed to spray assembly 378 via an air stream. The air stream, having the feed additive therein, enters spray assembly 378 through input 377 and is mixed with water entering through input 371. In other embodiments, the air stream, having the feed additive therein, is mixed in spray assembly 378 with a liquid feed additive or a combination of a liquid feed additive and water. Spray assembly 378 then sprays the resulting mixture onto a base feed.
In certain embodiments, feed additive assemblies 270, 280, and 290 further comprise computer operable proportional valves, shutoff valves, and discharge flow meters located inline with conduits 276, 286, and 296 to regulate the dispensing rate and measure the amount of feed additive composition dispersed.
In certain embodiments, feed additive assemblies 270, 280, and 290 further comprise a feeding device, such as a feed screw, to feed or meter out the feed additive composition. In such embodiments, the rate at which the feed additive is dispensed can be adjusted by adjusting the feed screw speed.
In certain embodiments, feed additive assemblies 270, 280, and 290 further may be mounted on one or more load cells for the purpose of feeding via loss-of-weight methods or for calibration of feed rate speed for metering of feed additives.
Referring now to FIG. 6, in certain embodiments, one or more of feed additive assemblies 270, 280, and/or 290, further comprises heater assembly 372, agitator assembly 374, pressurized air inlet 376, recirculation assembly 380, and feed additive input assembly 390. The elements of feed additive assembly 270 illustrated in FIG. 6 may be implemented within any one of feed additive assemblies 270, 280 and/or 290.
In certain embodiments, heater assembly 372 comprises a heating tape. In certain embodiments, heater assembly 372 comprises liquid-filled heating tubes or lines. In certain embodiments, heater assembly 372 comprises heating tape, and/or heating tubes, disposed within a thermally insulating blanket or material. In certain embodiments, heater assembly 372 comprises an agent added to a feed additive, a feed additive composition, or a feed ingredient, where that agent depresses the freezing point of the feed additive, feed additive composition, or feed ingredient.
In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 6, thermocouple 373 is disposed within reservoir 272. Communication link 391 interconnects thermocouple 373 and controller 400. In certain embodiments, controller 400 adjusts the heat supplied by heater assembly 372 based upon a temperature reported to controller 400 by thermocouple 373. In certain embodiments, the heat is adjusted by controller 400 adjusting the current provided to one or more heating tapes disposed within heater assembly 372.
In certain embodiments, heater assembly 372 is activated to prevent a feed additive composition disposed within reservoir 272 from solidifying in sub-freezing weather. In other embodiments, heater assembly 372 is used to reduce the viscosity of a feed additive composition disposed in reservoir 272. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the temperature dependence of viscosity can be complicated because many factors enter into determining the viscosity of a material or a solution. However, over small temperature intervals, from about 0 degrees Celsius to about 60 degrees Celsius, plots of log (viscosity) vs. temperature in degrees Celsius are nearly linear, where viscosity is expressed in centipoise.
As an example and without limitation, in certain embodiments Applicants' feed additive composition comprises an aqueous solution/suspension/emulsion having a viscosity of between about 1 to about 5 centipoise. A feed additive composition comprising such a low viscosity is readily sprayable through spray assemblies 378, 388, and/or 398. However, that feed additive composition might run off/drip off a feed 150, and therefore, not be effectively administered to livestock.
A thickening agent can be added to the afore-described 1-5 centipoise aqueous feed additive composition to increase the viscosity. In certain embodiments, Applicants' feed additive composition comprises a viscosity of between about 150 to about 200 centipoise (consistency of maple syrup). Such a 150 to 200 centipoise feed additive composition adheres well to a base feed 150, however a rate of application of a 200 centipoise feed additive composition through spray assemblies 378, 388, and/or 398, might not be optimal. In certain embodiments, Applicants' apparatus and method heats a 200 centipoise feed additive composition to lower its viscosity. That heated feed additive composition is more readily dispensed through spray assemblies 378, 388, and/or 398, than is the ambient-temperature feed additive composition. When the sprayed feed additive composition contacts the ambient-temperature feed 150, the feed additive composition rapidly cools to ambient temperature and thickens, and as a result adheres well to base feed 150 to form a uniform base feed/additive composition.
In certain embodiments, one or more feed additive assemblies 270, 280, and/or 290, further comprises feed additive inlet assembly 390. In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 6, feed additive inlet assembly comprises coupling 396 and inlet pressure sensor/gauge 399. In certain embodiments, inlet pressure sensor/gauge 399 indicates the pressure in a pressurized line 392 is being used to convey a feed additive from an external tank into feed additive reservoir 272 via feed additive inlet assembly 390. In certain embodiments, inlet pressure sensor/gauge 398 is interconnected to controller 400 via communication link 386.
Coupling 396 can releaseably mate with coupling 394 disposed on a distal end of feed additive input hose 392. In certain embodiments, coupling 394 comprises an automatic cutoff valve, wherein that cutoff valve closes if feed additive input hose 392 is pressurized and coupling 394 separates from coupling 396. In certain embodiments, a unique coupling combination 394/396 is used for each different feed additive assembly 270, 280, and 290, such that a feed additive formulated in a facility/tank external to Applicants' feed truck assembly and selected for input into feed additive assembly 270 cannot be introduced into feed additive assembly 280 or feed additive 290. Similarly, a feed additive formulated in a facility/tank external to Applicants' feed truck assembly and selected for input into feed additive assembly 280 cannot be introduced into feed additive assembly 270 or feed additive 290, and a feed additive formulated in a facility/tank external to Applicants' feed truck assembly and selected for input into feed additive assembly 290 cannot be introduced into feed additive assembly 270 or feed additive assembly 280.
In certain embodiments, feed additive assemblies 270, 280, and 290 further comprise a pump to discharge a feed additive composition from reservoirs 272, 282, and 292. In certain embodiments, feed additive reservoirs 272, 282, and 292 are pressurized such that a feed additive composition is dispensed under pressure via a spray assembly 378, 388, and/or 398, respectively. In certain embodiments, mobile feed preparation apparatus 300 (FIG. 3A), 302 (FIG. 3C), 305 (FIG. 3B), and/or 307 (FIG. 3D), further comprises a pressurized air reservoir 376, wherein that pressurized air reservoir 376 is interconnected to a feed additive reservoir, such as feed additive reservoir 272, via conduit 379 and regulator/relief valve 375. In certain embodiments, regulator/relief valve 375 is in communication with controller 400 via communication link 384. Controller 400 can cause regulator/relief valve 375 valve to release air pressure within reservoirs 272, 282, and/or 292 for feed additive refilling.
A feed additive composition that is not soluble in a liquid carrier comprises a suspension or emulsion. Such a suspension/emulsion may “settle,” or “separate,” respectively, prior to being dispensed onto a base feed. Continuously or periodically agitating/mixing such a suspension/emulsion as necessary will ensure the correct mix ratio.
In certain embodiments, feed additive assemblies 270, 280, and 290 further comprise an agitator assembly 374. In certain embodiments, agitator assembly 374 comprises a motor interconnected to a mixer disposed within reservoir 272. In certain embodiments, agitator assembly 374 comprises an ultrasonic mixing device.
In certain embodiments, a recirculation pump may be used, where the pump can be reversed or the valves redirected to force the suspension to flow through the dispensing lines to prevent the suspension from settling in the lines. In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 6, recirculation output port is connected to recirculation input port 383 via recirculation pump 382 as necessary. Recirculation pump is interconnected to controller 400 via communication link 389. Controller 400 can activate recirculation pump 382 to circulate the contents of feed additive reservoir 272 outwardly from recirculation output port 381, through pump 382, and back into feed additive reservoir 272 via recirculation input port 383.
In certain embodiments, a pump and a series of valves is used to agitate the feed additive composition. In such embodiments a priority proportional divider valve routes the flow of the feed additive composition back into a reservoir, such as reservoir 272, 282, or 292, for agitation and the desired dispensing flow is bled off the main flow as required to dispense the feed additive composition. In other embodiments, multiple proportional valves are used, where the valves are set up to behave as a divider.
As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the viscosity of a Newtonian fluid is dependent only on temperature but not on shear rate and time. Examples of such Newtonian fluids include water, milk, sugar solutions, and mineral oil. On the other hand, the viscosity of a Non-Newtonian fluid is dependent on temperature, shear rate, and time. Many of Applicants' feed additive compositions comprise shear thinning, Non-Newtonian fluids, wherein the viscosity decreases with increased shear rate. In certain embodiments, Applicants' apparatus and method heats a feed additive composition to a temperature above the ambient temperature to modify its viscosity to optimize both sprayability and adherence to feed is described hereinabove.
As also described hereinabove, in certain embodiments Applicants' agitator assembly 374 comprises a motor interconnected to a mixer disposed within reservoir 272. In these embodiments, Applicants' apparatus and method applies a shear force to a feed additive composition to lower the viscosity of that feed additive composition, and sprays that reduced-viscosity feed additive composition onto feed 150 using spray assemblies 378, 388, and/or 398. In certain embodiments, Applicants' method utilizes both heat and shear rate to adjust the viscosity of a feed additive composition to optimize both sprayability and adherence of that feed additive composition.
In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 2A, Applicants' apparatus comprises three feed additive assemblies. In other embodiments, Applicants' apparatus comprises more than three feed additive assemblies. In still other embodiments, Applicants' apparatus comprises fewer than three feed additive assemblies.
In certain embodiments, mixing assembly 210 is mounted on a weight-sensitive platform equipped with a weigh cell 252. In these embodiments, the weigh cell output is integrated over short time intervals to give a rate of flow and total flow.
In certain embodiments, measurement device 252 comprises a Doppler flow meter. Doppler flow meters emit ultrasonic signals into a flow path. To use the Doppler effect to measure flow in a pipe, one transducer transmits an ultrasonic beam into the mixing assembly 210. The movement of materials alters the frequency of the beam reflected onto a second, receiving transducer. The frequency shift is linearly proportional to the rate of flow of materials, and therefore, can be used to develop an analog or digital signal proportional to flow rate.
In certain embodiments, mixing assembly 210 or feed additive assembly 270, 280, and 290 is/are mounted on one or more damped load cells. The damped load cell reduces some of the vibrations and load cell ‘ringing’ caused by the moving vehicle and engine vibration. In certain embodiments, the damped load cell is further mounted to a bracket attached to the delivery vehicle using vibration isolation mounts or any other type of mounts to counteract vibrations caused by the moving vehicle and engine vibration. In certain embodiments, one or more accelerometers or motion detectors are mounted on mixing assembly 210 or feed additive assembly 270/280/290 or other suitable location to detect motion in one or more directions. In certain embodiments, a gyroscope is employed to monitor rotational movement and make any necessary corrections. In certain embodiments, mixing assembly 210 is further affixed to a gimbal mount to counteract the effects of motion on the scale.
In certain embodiments, measurement device 252 comprises weigh belts. In certain embodiments, measurement device 252 comprises a mass flow meter incorporating ultrasonic signals, scintillation counters, or any other type of flow measurement sensing equipment, or combination thereof. In certain embodiments, measurement device 252 comprises pressure transducers to measure weight or force.
In certain embodiments, measurement device 252 is further capable of transmitting a current scale weight to controller 400. In such embodiments, measurement device 252 may comprise a wireless communication module, such as WI-FI, and may wirelessly transmit the current scale weight to controller 400 for monitoring.
In certain embodiments, sensory information from devices such as accelerometers, gyro meters, motion detectors, etc. as previously described is used to determine whether weight measurements are accurate enough for use or sensory information can be used to correct weight measurements for feed additives or for the feed container 110 where the feed container 110 is mounted on load cells. In such embodiments, controller 400 may use the sensory information to determine the mass of the amount distributed. In other such embodiments, controller 400 uses weight calculation equations created using regression analysis techniques to produce one or more regression equations. In other embodiments, controller 400 uses artificial intelligence techniques to correct the scale weight received. These correction techniques also apply to weight measurements taken in other locations, for example, in the previously described embodiment where the feed additive assembly 270/280/290 is mounted on one or more load cells or in the case where feed container 110 is mounted on load cells.
In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 2A, mixing assembly 210 is further mounted on a weight-sensitive platform equipped with a weigh cells 254, 256, and 258. In these embodiments, each weigh cell output is integrated over short time intervals to give a rate of flow and total flow.
In certain embodiments, weigh cells 254, 256, and 258 comprise Doppler flow meters. Doppler flow meters emit ultrasonic signals into a flow path. To use the Doppler effect to measure flow in a pipe, one transducer transmits an ultrasonic beam into the mixing assembly 210. The movement of materials alters the frequency of the beam reflected onto a second, receiving transducer. The frequency shift is linearly proportional to the rate of flow of materials, and therefore, can be used to develop an analog or digital signal proportional to flow rate.
Referring now to FIG. 3A, Applicants' mobile feed preparation mobile feed preparation apparatus 300 comprises assembly 200 disposed within housing 310. In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 3A, mobile feed preparation apparatus 300 comprises housing 310 disposed on the left side of a powered/wheeled vehicle. In other embodiments, housing 310 is disposed on the right side of the powered/wheeled vehicle. In yet other embodiments, housing 310 is disposed underneath feed container 110 or on a rear portion of the powered/wheeled vehicle or any other suitable location.
In FIG. 3B, Applicants' portable feed preparation assembly 200 is disposed within housing 310. In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 3B, housing 310 is disposed on the left side of an unpowered/wheeled apparatus 305, i.e. trailer 305. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, apparatus 305 can be releaseably attached to a powered vehicle via trailer arm 330. It can also be attached directly to the feed truck by a multiple point attachment rather than a single point attachment. In other embodiments, housing 310 is disposed on the right side of apparatus 305. In yet other embodiments, housing 310 is disposed underneath feed container 110 or on a rear portion of apparatus 305 or any other suitable location.
Housing 310 comprises door assembly 320 which permits access to feed additive assemblies 270, 280, and 290. Housing 310 is formed to include aperture 330 extending therethrough. In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 3A, feed chute 236 extends outwardly through aperture 330.
In FIG. 3C, Applicants' portable feed preparation assembly 202 is disposed within a powered/wheeled apparatus 302. In FIG. 3D, Applicants' portable feed preparation assembly 202 is disposed within an unpowered/wheeled apparatus 307, i.e. trailer 307. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, apparatus 302 or apparatus 307 can be releaseably attached to a powered vehicle via trailer arm 330, three point attachment, or other means.
In certain embodiments in any of mobile feed preparation apparatus 300, 302, 305, and/or 307, the rotation rate of augers 130 and 140, and optionally augers 214, 232 and 234, and therefore the rate at which feed is moved by those augers, is proportional to the speed of mobile feed preparation apparatus 300, 302, 305, and/or 307. In these embodiments, as mobile feed preparation apparatus 300, 302, 305, and/or 307 moves faster, augers 130, 140, and optionally 232 and 234 are caused to rotate faster, and thereby deliver feed in combination with one or more feed additives at a faster rate. In certain other embodiments, the driver controls the feed 150 delivery rate, and controller 400 turns augers 130 and/or 140 and optionally 214, 232 and/or 234 on or off based on the position of the truck and/or by signal from the driver. This allows the controller 400 to dispense feed along with any required feed additive(s) considering location and/or amount of feed dispensed.
In certain embodiments, the rotation rate of augers 130 and 140, and optionally augers 214, 232 and 234, and therefore the rate at which feed is moved by those augers, is directly proportional to the speed of mobile feed preparation apparatus 300, 302, 305, and/or 307. For example and without limitation, if mobile feed preparation apparatus 300, 302, 305, and/or 307, moves at 5 miles per hour, and utilizing augers 130 and 140, and optionally augers 214, 232 and 234, delivers (X) pounds per hour of feed in combination with one or more feed additives, then if mobile feed preparation apparatus 300, 302, 305, and/or 307, is moved at 10 miles per hour (2)(X) pounds per hour of feed in combination with one or more feed additives per hour are dispensed. These and other similar examples are extendable to other situations. For example, when the feed additive incorporation rate is specified as grams of feed additive per ton of feed, the feed additive delivery rate is adjusted based on feed 150 delivery rate.
In some embodiments, feed additive(s) is incorporated directly into the feed stream as feed 150 either exits aperture 180 into chute 160 or falls from the chute 160 into feed bunk 170. In certain embodiments, the delivery rate of feed 150 is controlled manually by the driver by for example, and without limitation, manipulating the speed of the truck, a movable door regulating the size of aperture 180, a combination thereof, or any other means suitable for controlling the delivery rate of feed 150. In certain embodiments, controller 400 monitors feed delivery rate for proportionally incorporating feed additives at the specified inclusion rate.
Referring to FIG. 3E, in certain embodiments Applicants' mobile feed preparation mobile feed preparation apparatus 300, 302, 305, and/or 307 comprises an external controller 460 disposed in near vicinity to the operator of the mobile feed preparation apparatus. In other embodiments, Applicants' mobile feed preparation mobile feed preparation apparatus 300, 302, 305, and/or 307 comprises any other user interface equipment such as, and without limitation, an external display device with optional keyboard and/or touch screen. In certain embodiments, external controller 460 is interconnected with controller 400 via communication link 415. In certain other embodiments, controller 460 implements the functionality of controller 400.
Referring now to FIG. 4, controller 400 comprises processor 410, memory 420 interconnected with processor 410 via communication link 425, optional GPS module 430 interconnected with processor 410 via communication link 435, optional RFID module 440 interconnected with processor 410 via communication link 445, and optional wireless communication module 450 interconnected with processor 410 via communication link 455. By way of example and not limitation, wireless communication module 450 may utilize WI-FI, Blue Tooth, ZIGBEE® (a wireless communication protocol by ZigBee Alliance Corp.), RF communication protocol or any other wireless communication protocol.
As those skilled in the art will appreciate, GPS module 430 comprises a wireless device that receives a plurality of signals from a plurality of GPS satellites, and determines a location for the GPS device using that plurality of signals. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, wireless communications module 450 comprises a wireless network permitting communication with one or more external computers or programmable devices in a network or with point-to-point communications.
In certain embodiments, processor 410 is interconnected by communication link 415 to an external data input device, such as and without limitation, a pointing device, mouse, key board, touch screen, and the like. In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 3B, external controller 460 is disposed in cab portion of Applicants' feed truck 300. In certain embodiments, external controller 460 communicates with processor 410 of controller 400 via communication link 415. In other embodiments, external controller 460 communicates with processor 410 of controller 400 wirelessly. In certain other embodiments, external controller 460 and controller 400 are the same device.
In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 4, microcode 422, instructions 424, feed delivery database 426 and feed additive and ration formulation database 427 are encoded in memory 420. In certain embodiments, memory 420 comprises non-volatile memory. In certain embodiments, memory 420 comprises battery backed up RAM, a magnetic hard disk assembly, an optical disk assembly, and/or electronic memory. By “electronic memory,” Applicants mean a PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, SMARTMEDIA, FLASHMEDIA, and the like.
Processor 410 uses microcode 422 to operate controller 400. Processor 410 uses microcode 422, instructions 424, feed additive and ration formulation database 427 and feed delivery database 426 to operate GPS module 430, RFID module 440, wireless communications module 450, augers 130 and 140, mixing assembly 210, motor 220, delivery assembly 230, measurement devices 252, 254, 256, and 258, and valves 272, 284, and 294.
A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that controller 400 may comprise one or more computers, microcontrollers, microcomputers, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), or similar programmable devices in any or all combinations to implement the necessary programmable logic for Applicants' mobile feed preparation apparatus.
In certain embodiments, Applicants' invention further comprises a feed additive preparation station. As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, accurately weighing and mixing small amounts of feed additive while a feed truck, such as Applicants' vehicle 300 or trailer 305, is in motion is difficult. Rather, feed additives are specially prepared at a feed additive preparation location prior to delivery and incorporation with feed using Applicants' mobile feed preparation mobile feed preparation apparatus 300, 302, 305, and/or 307. At the feed additive preparation area, feed additives can be accurately measured and mixed with a carrier to produce a feed additive composition having a known concentration and uniform consistency, which can then be loaded onto a feed truck for delivery. In certain embodiments, the feed additive preparation area is housed in near vicinity to the location where base feed 150 is loaded into Applicants' mobile feed preparation mobile feed preparation apparatus 300, 302, 305, and/or 307.
In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 7A, feed additive preparation station 700 comprises a feed additive container 702 connected to a discharge gate 706 capable of discharging a feed additive into liquid suspension mixing tank 708 having a carrier 709 disposed therein. Container 702 contains feed additive, such as and without limitation, a beta-agonist, a vitamin, a parasiticide, an antibiotic, a probiotic, a growth promoter, an estrus suppressant, an ionophore, a microbial, an antimicrobial, a nutritional supplement, a larvicide, a mineral, any other feed supplement, or any combination thereof.
The feed additive may be in the form of a liquid, a solid in the form of a powder, granular, pelletized, crumbled, or any other solid form or combination thereof, a gel, or any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the feed additive is an active ingredient. In certain embodiments, the feed additive is an inactive ingredient.
Feed additive preparation station 700 is described herein in terms of a single feed additive combined with a liquid carrier. Such a description should not be taken as limiting. In certain embodiments, one or more feed additives are combined with one or more liquid carriers to produce a feed additive composition. In such embodiments, feed additive preparation station 700 may comprise multiple feed additive containers each connected to a discharge gate and discharging into a single mixing tank. Furthermore, while the present invention is described in terms of a liquid carrier. Applicants' invention is not so limited. In certain embodiments, the carrier is a solid. In other embodiments, the carrier is gelatinous.
In certain embodiments, a feed additive, combination of feed additives, or carriers used, is selected to form and maintain homogeneity of the resulting composition. For example and without limitation, the stability of a suspension/emulsion during storage and pumping is considered in selecting a specific feed additive, combination of feed additives, and/or the carrier(s). In certain embodiments, other factors are considered in determining the specific feed additive, combination of feed additives, or carrier, such as and without limitation, minimizing viscosity changes with temperature, freezing point of the resulting suspension, resistance to degradation from environmental elements as well as microbial growth, palatability, toxicity, ease by which the resulting suspension can be cleaned and disposed of after a spill, FDA approval, solubility in water or fat, pH level, color, odor, traceability, or any other relevant factor, or combination thereof.
In certain embodiments, the feed additive is combined with a suspension agent and/or emulsifying agent to form a suspension/emulsion having improved handling and/or dispensing ability. In such embodiments the suspension/emulsion may comprise one or more wet or dry additives in combination with, without limitation, water, corn syrup, cane molasses, beet molasses, citrus molasses, honey, ketchup, milk, cream, yogurt, vegetable oils, fats, glycerol, alcohols, or any combination thereof. In other embodiments, the suspension/emulsion may further comprise thickening and/or suspension agents, such as and without limitation, guar gum, guar gum with borax, carrageenan, cellulose, agar, diutan gum, gellan gum, locust bean gum, microparticulated whey protein concentrate, pectin, welan gum, xanthan gum, bentonite clay, attapulgite clay, clay flocculating agents (i.e., ammonium polyphosphate), wheat flower, arrowroot, tapioca, starch, maltodextrin, synthetic polymers, or any other agent or combination thereof. In other embodiments, the suspension/emulsion may further comprise natural or synthetic lakes and dyes, natural or synthetic flavor or odor enhancers including, but not limited to, sweeteners such as sugars, aspartame, cyclamate, and saccharin, monosodium glutamate, flavors such as anise, caramel, licorice, etc., natural and synthetic emulsifiers, stabilizers including gelatin, wetting agents, pH adjusters such as organic and inorganic acids and bases, salts, and tracers. In certain embodiments, the suspension/emulsion further comprises a preservative, such as, and without limitation, benzoates such as sodium benzoate or benzoic acid, nitrites such as sodium nitrite, sulfites such as sulfur dioxide, or sorbates such as sodium sorbate or potassium sorbate.
In certain embodiments, the suspension agent, emulsifying agent, or carrier, includes propylene glycol, molasses, whey, a liquid protein supplement, or a viscosity modification agent. In certain embodiments, the suspension agent or carrier is a non-aqueous fluid, gelatinous-based, foam-based, solid, or air or another compressed gas. In certain embodiments, the suspension agent or carrier includes one or more nutritional or non-nutritional feed ingredients or combination of ingredients. In certain embodiments, a base feed 150, or partial base feed 150 with a high concentration of one or more feed additives is included for subsequent blending with base feed 150 without a feed additive or one with lower concentration of a feed additive, or a combination thereof to produce the required feed additive concentration.
In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 7A, container 702 is interconnected with load cell 704 for inventory purposes, calibrating a metering device, or for feeding an ingredient using loss of weight techniques. In certain embodiments, load cell 704 is secured to a supporting frame.
In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 7A, discharge gate 706 is mounted at the discharge opening of container 702. When discharge gate 706 is opened, feed additive from container 702 is added to liquid suspension mixing tank 708, having a carrier 709 disposed therein. In certain embodiments, discharge gate is automatically operable.
In certain embodiments, container 702 and discharge gate 706 are located above mixing tank 708 such that the feed additive can be gravity fed into mixing tank 708. In certain embodiments, the feed additive is a liquid. In such embodiments, a liquid pump may be employed to pump the liquid feed additive from container 702 into mixing tank 708. In such embodiments, a flow meter may be further employed to measure the amount of liquid feed additive pumped into mixing tank 708
In certain embodiments, prior to adding the feed additive from container 702 into mixing tank 708, a carrier is added to mixing tank 708 from a carrier container 714 attached via supply line 716. In certain embodiments where the carrier is a liquid, a flow meter, such as flow meter 720, may be used to ensure the proper amount of liquid carrier is added to mixing tank 708. In other embodiments, the carrier is measured by weight, by volumetric metering, by conveying for a period of time based at least in part on an actual or estimated flow rate, by determining weight of the feed additive used by loss in weight from container 702, by determining the increase in weight when added to a vessel either alone or along with another feed additive or feed ingredient, by volume whereby the feed additive or feed ingredient is added to a vessel of known volume or a vessel with graduations, or by determining the amount or volume using a level sensor or device using one or a multiple of devices including a photo-detection device, ultrasonic level measurement, capacitance, reflected sound device, or any other similar or dissimilar device used for such measurements, or combination thereof.
In certain embodiments, the liquid carrier comprises two or more different components. In such embodiments, each component may have its own liquid carrier container, flow meter, and supply line.
Before, during, or after, the liquid carrier is added to mixing tank 708, the feed additive from container 702 may be added to mixing tank 708 to produce the desired concentration. In certain embodiments, mixers 710 and 712 are active to ensure a proper mix of the feed additive and carrier. In certain embodiments, mixers 710 and 712 are rotating propellers, ribbon mixers, magnets, or any other form of physical mixing device, or combination thereof. In other embodiments, other means of mixing the liquid carrier with the feed additive may be employed, such as and without limitation, air or other gas blown into mixing tank 708 or a periodic or continuous recirculation of the feed additive composition.
In other embodiments, reservoirs 272, 282, and 292, of feed additive assemblies 270, 280, and 290, respectively, disposed in Applicants' mobile feed preparation mobile feed preparation apparatus 300, 302, 305, and/or 307, are specifically designed and/or constructed such that the motion of the mobile apparatus, while en route, provides sufficient agitation to mix a suspension emulsion, and/or keep the feed additive composition properly agitated.
Mixers 710 and 712 periodically agitate the feed additive composition as necessary during storage to ensure that one or more feed additives remain in suspension. In certain embodiments, the feed additive liquid suspension must be conveyed to mixing tank 708 for mixing. In certain embodiments, a feed additive liquid suspension is conveyed to a holding vessel for storage prior to loading into Applicants' mobile feed preparation mobile feed preparation apparatus 300, 302, 305, and/or 307. In other embodiments, a feed additive liquid suspension is loaded into Applicants' mobile feed preparation mobile feed preparation apparatus 300, 302, 305, and/or 307, without prior mixing or storage.
Turning to FIG. 7B, in certain embodiments, feed additive preparation station 700 further comprises weighing device 722 for weighing the amount of feed additive being added to mixing tank 708. In such embodiments, weighing device 722 may comprise a container mounted to a load cell. In such embodiments, the load cell may be a single point load cell. In certain embodiments, mounted below weighing device 722 may be a second discharge gate 724 to discharge the feed additive from weighing device 722 after it has been weighed.
In other embodiments, the feed additive is measured by volumetric metering, by conveying for a period of time based at least in part on an actual or estimated flow rate, by determining weight of the feed additive used by loss in weight from container 702, by determining the increase in weight when added to a vessel either alone or along with another feed additive or feed ingredient, by volume whereby the feed additive or feed ingredient is added to a vessel of known volume or a vessel with graduations, or by determining the amount or volume using a level sensor or device using one or a multiple of devices including a photo-detection device, ultrasonic level measurement, capacitance, reflected sound device, or any other similar or dissimilar device used for such measurements, or combination thereof.
In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 7B, where the feed additive is a dry feed additive, discharge gate 706, weighing device 722, and discharge gate 724 which may be connected by a sleeve. The sleeve is used to contain the feed additive and/or dust while the additive is fed from container 702 or being discharged from weighing device 722 and made of a flexible material to isolate the weighing device 722 from other components. In certain embodiments, the sleeve is opaque. In other embodiments, the sleeve is clear to allow viewing of the additive as it is being discharged from container 702 or weighing device 722.
Where the feed additive is a liquid feed additive, in certain embodiments a liquid feed additive concentrate is injected directly into the liquid carrier flow while refilling a feed truck. Flow meters on both the liquid feed additive concentrate and the liquid carrier may be used to ensure the proper amount of each liquid component is pumped onto the feed truck during the refilling process.
Feed additive preparation station 700 is preferably housed adjacent to a feed truck load out area, i.e., the location where a feed ration is loaded into Applicants' mobile feed preparation mobile feed preparation apparatus 300, 302, 305, and/or 307. As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the configuration of a load out area is particular to a given feedyard and may comprise one or more finished feed bins, a surge bin following a scale or mixer, or simply a scale or a mixer that dumps directly into the feed truck. Some facilities may employ a front-end loader to load the feed ingredients directly into a mixer-type feed truck.
In certain embodiments, a feed additive preparation area may contain one or more feed additive preparation systems. Additionally, in certain embodiments the feed additive preparation area contains one or more of a water source, a pressurized water storage tank with a boost pump if the flow or pressure from the inlet line is not sufficient to supply the preparation process, an air compressor, feed truck feed additive recharge lines, automation and control equipment, and bulk ingredient storage areas.
In the illustrated embodiments of FIGS. 7A and 7B, Applicants' feed additive preparation station 700 further comprises controller 726 comprising processor 728, memory 730 interconnected with processor 728 via a communication link, optional wireless communications module 732 interconnected with processor 728 via a communication link, and external devices 736 such as, but without limitation, a display, keyboard, touch screen, mouse, indicators, operator controls, etc., interconnected with processor 728 via another communication link.
As those skilled in the art will appreciate, wireless communications module 732 comprises a wireless network communication module implementing a wireless communication protocol such as, and without limitation, WI-FI, BlueTooth, ZIGBEE® (a wireless communication protocol by ZigBee Alliance Corp.) RF, or any other such wireless communication protocol.
In other embodiments, an external controller, such as external controller 460, communicates with processor 728 via a communication link. In other embodiments, an external controller 460 communicates with processor 728 wirelessly.
Microcode 738, instructions 740, and database 742, are encoded in memory 730. In certain embodiments, memory 730 comprises non-volatile memory. In certain embodiments, memory 730 comprises battery backed up RAM, a magnetic hard disc assembly, an optical disk assembly, and/or electronic memory. By “electronic memory,” Applicants mean a PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, SMARTMEDIA, FLASHMEDIA, and the like.
Processor 728 uses microcode 738 and instructions 740 to operate controller 726. Processor 728 uses microcode 738, instructions 740, and database 742, to operate wireless communications module 732, peripherals 736, discharge gates 706 and 724, mixers 712 and 710, supply line 716, and discharge line 718.
In certain embodiments, controller 726 monitors the feed additive assemblies, and if the feed additive level in one or more of reservoirs 272, 282, and/or 292, drops below a threshold value, controller 726 prepares one or more additional feed compositions. In certain embodiments, controller 726 determines an amount of the feed additive composition already prepared and waiting in mixing tank 708 and whether an additional amount needs to be prepared.
In operation, to refill a reservoir, such as reservoir 272, 282, or 292 of a feed additive assembly, such as feed additive assembly 270, 280, or 290 an operator positions Applicants' mobile feed preparation mobile feed preparation apparatus 300, 302, 305, and/or 307, adjacent to a feed additive preparation area. In certain embodiments, a hose is employed to connect the mixing tank of each feed additive preparation station with a reservoir of a feed additive assembly on a feed truck, whereby the feed additive composition is pumped into the reservoir. In other embodiments, the feed additive composition is transferred through the hose and into the container by compressed air, vacuum, or suction. In yet other embodiments, the feed additive composition is transferred to the container by a mechanical conveyance means such as a screw conveyor. In such embodiments, the tubing can be rigid, semi-rigid, or flexible and can be either hose, tubing, pipe, or other similar structure.
As those skilled in the art will appreciate, it is important for each feed additive composition to be loaded into the proper feed additive assembly on Applicants' mobile feed preparation mobile feed preparation apparatus 300, 302, 305, and/or 307. In certain embodiments, to ensure that the proper interconnection is made between a mixing tank 708 in a preparation area and to the proper inlet assembly 390 on Applicants' mobile feed preparation mobile feed preparation apparatus 300, 302, 305, and/or 307, a sensor 398 (FIG. 6) monitors an increase in pressure when the delivery system is pressurized. In such embodiments, sensor 398 and controller 400 verify that the feed additive reservoir is about to receive a designated feed additive composition prior to opening initiating the transfer.
In certain embodiments, different feed additive compositions may be conveyed to Applicants' mobile feed preparation mobile feed preparation apparatus 300, 302, 305, and/or 307, using piping comprising different couplings or adaptors, or comprising different mechanical dimensions or configurations, whereby the piping, couplings, or adaptors, will only interconnect a designated feed additive assembly reservoir to a designated feed mixing tank 708, thereby mechanically preventing an incorrect transfer of a feed additive composition. In other embodiments, an incorrect transfer of a feed additive composition from mixing tank 708 to a feed additive assembly is prevented by using an electronic interlock employing technologies such as RF transmissions, RFID, wireless communication, magnetic sensors, electronic visual identification, etc.
In certain embodiments, each container of a feed additive assembly on Applicants' mobile feed preparation mobile feed preparation apparatus 300, 302, 305, and/or 307, has a different size or shape connector which allows only a single hose, or other form of piping, from a single mixing tank 708 to interconnect. Thus, each feed additive assembly reservoir can only receive a feed additive composition from a designated mixing tank 708 in the feed additive preparation area.
In certain embodiments, controller 726 of feed additive preparation station 700 communicates with controller 400 of Applicants' mobile feed preparation mobile feed preparation apparatus 300, 302, 305, and/or 307. In such embodiments, wireless communications module 732 wirelessly provides to controller 400 information, such as and without limitation the type of feed additive in mixing tank 708 and the amount. Such information may be used by controller 400 to, by way of example and not limitation, allow pumping of the feed additive only into a certain feed additive assembly or to allow only a given amount of the feed additive to be transferred.
After an interconnect between a mixing tank 708 of a feed additive preparation system and a reservoir of a feed additive assembly has been established and verified, the refilling process can begin. In certain embodiments, Applicants' mobile feed preparation apparatus 300, 302, 305, and/or 307, comprises an inlet pressure transducer and automated inlet valve inline with refill line 392. In certain embodiments, a pump on mixing tank 708 may start to pump the prepared feed additive into a feed additive assembly reservoir. Controller 400 monitors the inlet pressure transducer to ensure that a feed additive composition transfer is being made to a correct input assembly. In certain embodiments, each reservoir of a feed additive assembly, such as reservoirs 272, 282, and 292, comprises a sensor to monitor the level of feed additive composition disposed therein. In such embodiments, controller 400 sends a command to controller 726 of feed additive preparation station 700 to stop pumping when the feed additive assembly reservoir has been filled with a designated amount of feed additive composition.
In certain embodiments, feed additive assemblies 270, 280, and 290 may be refilled one at a time. In certain embodiments, feed additive assemblies 270, 280, and 290 may be refilled simultaneously. In certain embodiments, feed additive assemblies 270, 280, and 290 are filled to an amount less than capacity.
In certain embodiments, controller 400 communicates with controller 726 at regular intervals during the refilling process. In certain embodiments, controller 400 communicates with controller 726 continuously during the refilling process. In such embodiments, as a safety precaution, if communication is interrupted while a feed additive assembly is being refilled, the pump may be automatically disabled and an operator notified.
As will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, to offload the feed additive composition in reservoirs 272, 282, and 292 of feed additive assemblies 270, 280, and 290 respectively, the process described above can be reversed. In certain embodiments, feed additive preparation station 700 further comprises a pressure transducer and a valve to facilitate the offloading of the feed additive composition using the correct hose.
In certain embodiments, prior to delivering feed, feed additive assemblies 270, 280, and 290 are calibrated using a loss of weight method while Applicants' mobile feed preparation mobile feed preparation apparatus 300, 302, 305, and/or 307, is stationary to provide stable weight readings. In such embodiments, the distribution rate at which each assembly dispenses a feed additive at various feeding speeds can be calculated by determining a loss of weight of reservoirs 272, 283, and 292 respectively, over known time intervals. Thus, during delivery, feeding speeds can be varied corresponding with the delivery rate of feed 150 to incorporate feed additive(s) in the correct proportion. The amount of a feed additive dispensed can be determined using the distribution rate and the length of time over which the feed was dispensed. Further, the amount of feed dispensed may additionally be determined by calculating a difference in weight of reservoirs 272, 282, and 292 just prior and subsequent to dispensing.
In operation, an operator positions Applicants' mobile feed preparation mobile feed preparation apparatus 300, 302, 305, and/or 307, adjacent to a designated feeding site.
In certain embodiments, the operator signals controller 400 to begin delivery of a pre-set feed formulation to the selected feed bunk by activating a switch/touch screen/icon disposed on external controller 460 (FIG. 3C). In certain embodiments, controller 400 verifies using GPS module 430 and the feeding site location recited in feed delivery database 426. GPS module 430, using optional antenna 432, determines the actual location of vehicle 300 and compares that actual location to the location for the selected feed bunk recited in feed delivery database 426. In certain embodiments, controller 400 verifies by receiving a wireless communication from a feed bunk capable of sending wireless RFID communications. In such embodiments, controller 400 verifies the delivery location using RFID module 440, wherein module 440 emits an interrogating signal and receives using antenna 442 a response signal identifying the adjacent feed bunk.
In certain embodiments, the method compares the actual feeding site location with the designated feeding site location recited in feed delivery database 426. If the actual feeding site location differs from the designated feeding site location, the method generates a Location Alert. The Location Alert is added to feed delivery database 426. In certain embodiments, controller 400 provides the Location Alert to external controller 460, and external controller 460 emits an audible alert and/or visually displays an alert message. In certain embodiments, the Location Alert is provided wirelessly to a central feed lot server using wireless communications module 450 and antenna 452, and/or to a display device.
In certain embodiments, the method further comprises managing multiple feed ration types for a single load of feed. In such embodiments, controller 400 may store in feed delivery database 426 one or more feed delivery routes and feed ration types. In such embodiments, controller 400 evaluates the feed ration formulations in feed additive and ration formulation database 427 for each feed ration and may determine a common subformulation. By way of example and not limitation, a common Ration A may be used to formulate several other rations by the addition of various feed additives. Thus, by way of example and not limitation, Ration B may be formulated from Ration A by adding Feed Additive B to Ration A. Alternatively, Ration C may be formulated by adding Feed Additive C to Ration A. A third ration, Ration D, may be further formulated by adding both Feed Additives B and C to Ration A. In such embodiments, controller 400 uses the information in feed additive and ration formulation database 427 to produce Rations A, B, C, and D for the respective delivery locations specified in feed delivery database 246 by operating feed additive assemblies 270, 280, and/or 290 to combine appropriate amounts of Feed Additives B and C with Ration A according to the formulations specified in feed additive and ration formulation database 427. As this example illustrates, and will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, different feed rations can be delivered to locations specified in feed delivery database 426 from the same load of feed 150 (Ration A in this example) by incorporation of one or more feed additives in the proper proportions as specified in feed additive and ration formulation database 427 and at the proper time during the feed delivery process.
In certain embodiments, data stored in feed additive and ration formulation database 427 and feed delivery database 426 may be exchanged with a central feed lot server using wireless communication module 450 and wireless communication antenna 452. In certain embodiments, controller 400 periodically receives from a central feed lot server wireless updates to the feed delivery schedule to reflect changes in circumstances, such as and without limitation, arrival of new cattle or the movement of cattle from one feeding location to another. In such embodiments, controller 400 may display instructions informing the vehicle operator of the modified schedule. In certain embodiments, the vehicle operator may change the delivery order specified by the schedule due to special circumstances, such as, and without limitation, an obstruction in the delivery route. In certain embodiments, feeding results information stored in feed delivery database 426 may be transmitted to a central feed lot server.
In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 5, feed delivery database 426 comprises (N) formulations. Referring now to FIGS. 2, 4, and 5, in the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 5, feed delivery database 426 recites that a pre-set quantity of 1000 pounds of feed 150 are targeted for delivery to the North Feed Bunk. Feed delivery database 426 further recites that 950 pounds were actually delivered to the North Feed Bunk.
Processor 410 enters that actual delivered amount into feed delivery database 426. In certain embodiments, the actual weight of feed delivered is wirelessly provided to a central feed lot server using wireless communications module 450 and antenna 452, and/or to a display device. Further in the illustrated embodiment feed delivery database 426 in FIG. 5, the nominal delivery window for delivery of base feed to the North Feed Bunk is +/−ten percent (10%). Because the actual amount delivered, i.e. 950 pounds, is within the pre-determined nominal window of 900 pounds to 1100 pounds, no alert was generated with respect to the amount of base feed delivered to the North Feed Bunk.
In certain embodiments, to stop the discharge of feed to a feed bunk, the operator signals controller 400 to cease delivery. In certain embodiments, controller 400 uses statistical information to determine the amount of base feed that will continue to be dispensed subsequent to the shutdown of the feed conveyor to regulate the remaining flow of feed additive.
In certain embodiments, the discharge of feed 150 is instead managed by controller 400. In such embodiments, upon receiving a signal from the operator to start dispensing feed, controller 400 initiates feed augers 130 and/or 140, mixing auger 214, and/or delivery auger 230. In such embodiments, the operator drives vehicle 300, or trailer 305, along a feed bunk at a proper speed to discharge the feed as required. Controller 400 monitors the amount of feed dispensed as well as the position along the feed bunk. Controller 400 automatically turns off feed augers 130 and/or 140, mixing auger 214, and/or delivery auger 230 when the proper amount of feed has been delivered or if vehicle 300, or trailer 305, has reached the end of the feed bunk 170. In such embodiments, controller 400 statistically projects the amount of feed that will be discharged following the stopping of feed augers 130 and/140, mixing auger 214, and/or delivery auger 230 and adjusts the stopping point appropriately.
In certain applications, the feed additive or feed additive suspension is incorporated directly into feed 150 as feed 150 is being discharged through aperture 180 or as feed 150 falls from chute 160 into feed bunk 170. In such embodiments, controller 400 may control the timing and/or rate of the delivery of feed 150 in which the feed additive or feed additive suspension will be combined.
In certain embodiments, while feed is being delivered to the feed bunk, controller 400 visually displays information to assist the operator in driving vehicle 300, or trailer 305, along the feed bunk at an appropriate speed. In certain embodiments, the information includes the amount of feed delivered or remaining to be delivered and the corresponding progress along the feed bunk traveled. In certain embodiments, such information is displayed graphically. In other such embodiments, the information is displayed numerically. In certain embodiments, controller 400 emits an audible alert indicating to the operator that the operator's speed is too fast or to slow relative to the remaining feed to be distributed and the length of the feed bunk 170 left to travel or when vehicle 300 or trailer 205 is not in proper position to deliver feed to specified feed bunk 170 while feed is being discharged into feed bunk.
In certain embodiments, the position of Applicants' mobile feed preparation apparatus 300, 302, 305, and/or 307, with respect to the feed bunk is determined using GPS module 430, using optional antenna 432. In other embodiments, the position is determined using an accelerometer. In yet other embodiments, the position is determined using one or more radio frequency devices, an ultrasonic device utilizing time of flight or Doppler shift to determine speed and/or distance traveled, or one or more photo sensitive devices to determine position or distance traveled, or any combination thereof.
Further in the illustrated embodiment feed delivery database 426 in FIG. 5, Additive A is to be added to the base feed to give a loading of 5 weight percent. In certain embodiments, controller 400 determines the weight of Additive A to be added to the base feed using feed additive and ration formulation database 427. Controller 400 opens valve 274, thereby causing Additive A to flow from container 272, through valve 274, through conduit 276, and into the mixing assembly 210. Measurement device 254 determines the actual amount of Additive A added to the base feed delivered to the North Feed Bunk, and provides that weight to controller 400. In certain embodiments, the actual weight of Additive A added to the base feed is wirelessly provided to a central feed lot server using wireless communications module 450 and antenna 452, and/or to a display device.
In certain embodiments, controller 400 calculates a weight percent loading of Additive A in the base feed using the weights provided by measurement devices 252 and 254. In certain embodiments, controller 400 then inserts the actual weight percent of Additive A in the base feed into feed delivery database 426. In certain embodiments, controller 400 further determines if the actual loading of Additive A is within the nominal window for Additive A. In certain embodiments, the actual weight percentage of Additive A in the base feed is provided wirelessly to a central feed lot server using wireless communications module 450 and antenna 452 for consideration in subsequent feedings.
Similarly, controller 400 calculates a weight percent loading of Additive B in the base feed using the weights provided by measurement devices 254 and 256, and a weight percent loading of Additive C in the base feed using the weights provided by measurement devices 256 and 258.
In certain embodiments, controller 400 adjusts the rate at which Additive A, Additive B, and/or Additive C is added to the base feed based upon the actual feed delivery rate and the feed additive flow rate. In such embodiments, controller 400 adjusts the rate at which Additive A, Additive B, and/or Additive C is added to the base feed to match the actual feed delivery rate.
The nominal delivery window for Additive A at the North Feed Bunk is +/−ten percent (10%). Because the actual 3 weight percent loading of Additive A is outside the pre-determined nominal window of 4.5 weight percent to 5.5 weight percent, in certain embodiments, controller 400 generates an Additive A Alert with respect to the amount of added to the base feed delivered to the North Feed Bunk. The Additive A Alert is added to feed delivery database 426. In certain embodiments, controller 400 provides the Additive A Alert to external controller 460, and external controller 460 emits an audible alert and/or visually displays an alert message. In certain embodiments, the Additive A Alert is provided wirelessly to a central feed lot server using wireless communications module 450 and antenna 452, and/or to a display device.
Controller 400 similarly determines the loadings of additional additives, such as for example Additive B and/or Additive C, using feed delivery database 426, and opens the one or more corresponding valves, such as valves 284 and/or 294. Weigh cells 256 and/or 258 determine the actual weights of Additives B and C, respectively, added to the feed formulation, and provide those actual weights to controller 400. Controller 400 then calculates the actual weight percent loadings of Additives B and/or C, determines if the actual weight percent loadings fall within pre-set nominal windows, and optionally generates, records, and provides an alert for Additive B and/or Additive C if the actual loadings are not within the designated pre-set nominal windows. In certain embodiments, the Additive B Alert and/or Additive C Alert is provided wirelessly to a central feed lot server using wireless communications module 450 and antenna 452, and/or to a display device.
In certain embodiments, instructions, such as instructions 424 (FIG. 4) residing in computer readable medium 420 (FIG. 4), are executed by a processor, such as processor 410 (FIG. 4), to prepare and dispense a designated feed composition at a designated feeding site using Applicants' mobile feed preparation apparatus.
In certain embodiments, the method further includes scanning the animals within a particular location. In such embodiments, each animal has an RFID eartag capable of wirelessly sending data to a receiver identifying the animal. In such an embodiment, controller 400 using RFID module 440 receives a signal from an RFID eartag. In certain embodiments, controller 400 may then determine the approximate location of the animal by determining the location of vehicle 300 using GPS module 430. Alternatively, the location of the animal may be included in the data received by controller 400 from the animal's eartag. In such embodiments, controller 400 verifies that the animals within a given area are in the proper feed bunk using RFID module 440, wherein RFID module 440 emits and interrogating signal and receives, using antenna 442, a response signal from one or more eartags identifying the animals.
In other such embodiments, controller 400 may use the identifying information received from the animal's RFID eartag to adjust the feed ration based on the identification of the animals within a given feed bunk. In such embodiments, controller 400 verifies the identification of the animals within a feed bunk using RFID module 440, wherein RFID module 440 emits and interrogating signal and receives, using antenna 442, a response signal from one or more eartags identifying the animals. Using feed additive and ration formulation database 427, controller 400 then determines the proper feed ration to be dispensed to the animals.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated in detail, it should be apparent that modifications and adaptations to those embodiments may occur to one skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.

## Claims

1. A mobile feed preparation apparatus for feeding livestock, comprising
a feed;
a controller comprising a processor;
an auger;
a motor connected to said auger and in communication with said controller;
a first feed additive reservoir in fluid communication with a first valve, wherein said first valve is in communication with said controller;
a second feed additive reservoir in fluid communication with a second valve, wherein said second valve is in communication with said controller;
a non-transitory computer readable medium interconnected with the processor and having a delivery database microcode, a ration formulation database, and computer program instructions encoded therein, wherein the processor utilizes said microcode and computer program instructions to:
operate said first valve to dispense a first feed additive onto said feed to prepare a first feed ration;
operate said motor to rotate said auger to dispense the first feed ration at a first location;
operate said second valve to dispense a second feed additive onto said feed to prepare a second feed ration; and
operate said motor to rotate said auger to dispense the second feed ration at a second location, wherein the first feed additive and the second feed additive differ.

2. The mobile feed preparation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor utilizes said microcode and said instructions to adjust the rotation rate of said auger based upon the speed of said mobile feed preparation apparatus.

3. The mobile feed preparation apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a spray assembly;
wherein said computer program instructions to prepare the first feed ration further causes the first valve to inject the first feed additive into an air stream, wherein said air stream is conveyed to said spray assembly.

4. The mobile feed preparation apparatus of claim 1, further comprising;
a first feed additive reservoir heater assembly, a thermocouple disposed within said first feed additive reservoir, and a communication link interconnecting said thermocouple and said controller;
wherein the controller adjusts the heat supplied by said heater assembly based upon a temperature reported to controller by said thermocouple.

5. The mobile feed preparation apparatus of claim 4, wherein the controller activates the heater assembly to prevent a feed additive composition disposed within said first additive reservoir from solidifying in sub-freezing weather.

6. The mobile feed preparation apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a first feed additive reservoir agitator, a first feed additive disposed in said first feed additive reservoir, and a communication link interconnecting said first feed additive reservoir agitator with said controller;
wherein the controller activates the first feed additive reservoir agitator;
wherein:
unagitated first feed additive comprises a first viscosity;
agitated first feed additive comprises a second viscosity; and
the first viscosity differs from the second viscosity.

7. The mobile feed preparation apparatus of claim 6, wherein the agitator is a member of the group consisting of:
a mechanical mixer;
an ultrasonic mixer; and
a recirculation loop and a recirculation pump.