II 

109TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 1204 

To encourage students to pursue graduate education and to assist students 

in affording graduate education. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

JUNE 8, 2005 

Mr. DODD (for himself, Mr. DURBIN, and Ms. STABENOW) introduced the 

following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance 

A BILL

To encourage students to pursue graduate education and 

to assist students in affording graduate education.

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Getting Results for 

5 Advanced Degrees Act’’. 

6 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

7 Congress makes the following findings: 

8 (1) From 1976 to 2000, graduate enrollment in 

9 the United States increased 38 percent. In the fall 
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1 of 2000, there were 1,850,000 graduate students en2 rolled in the United States. 

3 (2) In 2003, 84 percent of graduate students in 

4 the United States were citizens of the United States 

5 or resident aliens, and 16 percent were temporary 

6 residents who were foreign or international students. 

7 (3) In a 2002 borrower’s survey, the average 

8 debt reported by graduate students was $45,900. 

9 (4) In 1999–2000, 60 percent of all graduate 

10 and first-professional students, and 82 percent of 

11 those enrolled full-time and full-year, received some 

12 type of financial aid, including grants, loans, 

13 assistantships, or work study. The average amount 

14 of aid received by aided full-time, full-year students 

15 was approximately $19,500 per year. 

16 (5) Annual aid in the form of grants to full17 time, full-year recipients was awarded in larger aver18 age amounts to doctoral students ($13,400) than to 

19 either master’s students ($7,600) or first-profes20 sional students ($6,900). First-professional students 

21 took out larger loans on average overall ($20,100) 

22 than did their counterparts at the master’s level 

23 ($14,800) and doctoral level ($14,100). 

24 (6) Median annual earnings in 2003 increased 

25 with educational attainment. There was a substan-
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1 tial earnings differential from the highest to the low2 est levels of attainment: 

3 (A) The median earnings of workers who 

4 had a master’s degree were almost twice those 

5 of high school graduates and $10,000 more 

6 than those of individuals with a bachelor’s de7 gree. 

8 (B) The median earnings of workers who 

had a doctoral degree were 21 9 ⁄2 times those of 

10 high school graduates, $30,000 more than those 

11 of individuals with a bachelor’s degree, and 

12 $20,000 more than those of individuals with a 

13 master’s degree. 

14 (C) The median earnings of workers with 

15 a professional degree were more than 3 times 

16 those of high school graduates, almost double 

17 those of individuals with a bachelor’s degree, 

18 $35,000 more than those of individuals with a 

19 master’s degree, and $15,000 more than those 

20 of individuals with a doctoral degree. 

21 SEC. 3. JACOB K. JAVITS FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM. 

22 (a) CRITERIAFOR AWARDS.—Section 701(a) of the 

23 Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1134(a)) is 

24 amended by striking ‘‘, financial need,’’. 
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1 (b) QUALIFICATIONS OF BOARD.—Section 702(a) of 

2 the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1134a(a)) 

3 is amended by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the 

4 following: 

5 ‘‘(1) APPOINTMENT.— 

6 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 

7 appoint a Jacob K. Javits Fellows Program 

8 Fellowship Board (referred to in this subpart as 

9 the ‘Board’) consisting of 9 individuals rep10 resentative of both public and private institu11 tions of higher education who are especially 

12 qualified to serve on the Board. 

13 ‘‘(B) QUALIFICATIONS.—In making ap14 pointments under subparagraph (A), the Sec15 retary shall— 

16 ‘‘(i) give due consideration to the ap17 pointment of individuals who are highly re18 spected in the academic community; 

19 ‘‘(ii) assure that individuals appointed 

20 to the Board are broadly representative of 

21 a range of disciplines in graduate edu22 cation in arts, humanities, and social 

23 sciences; 
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1 ‘‘(iii) appoint members to represent 

2 the various geographic regions of the 

3 United States; and 

4 ‘‘(iv) include representatives from mi5 nority serving institutions.’’. 

6 (c) AMOUNT OF STIPENDS.—Section 703(a) of the 

7 Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1134b(a)) is 

8 amended by striking ‘‘graduate fellowships,’’ and all that 

9 follows through the period and inserting ‘‘Graduate Re10 search Fellowship Program.’’. 

11 (d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Section 

12 705 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 

13 1134d) is amended by striking ‘‘$30,000,000 for fiscal 

14 year 1999’’ and inserting ‘‘$35,000,000 for fiscal year 

15 2006’’. 

16 SEC. 4. GRADUATE ASSISTANCE IN AREAS OF NATIONAL 

17 NEED. 

18 (a) APPLICATION CONTENTS.—Section 713(b)(5) of 

19 the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 

20 1135b(b)(5)) is amended— 

21 (1) by striking subparagraph (A); and 

22 (2) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) and 

23 (C) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively. 

24 (b) AMOUNT OF STIPENDS.—Section 714(b) of the 

25 Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1135c(b)) is 
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1 amended by striking ‘‘graduate fellowships,’’ and all that 

2 follows through the period and inserting ‘‘Graduate Re3 search Fellowship Program.’’. 

4 (c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Section 

5 716 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 

6 1135e) is amended by striking ‘‘$35,000,000 for fiscal 

7 year 1999’’ and inserting ‘‘$50,000,000 for fiscal year 

8 2006’’. 

9 (d) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.—Section 714(c) of 

10 the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1135c(c)) 

11 is amended— 

12 (1) by striking ‘‘716(a)’’ and inserting 

13 ‘‘715(a)’’; and 

14 (2) by striking ‘‘714(b)(2)’’ and inserting 

15 ‘‘713(b)(2)’’. 

16 SEC. 5. PATSY T. MINK FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM. 

17 Part A of title VII of the Higher Education Act of 

18 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1134 et seq.) is amended— 

19 (1) by redesignating subpart 4 as subpart 5; 

20 (2) by redesignating section 731 as section 740; 

21 (3) in section 740 (as redesignated by para22 graph (2))— 

23 (A) in the section heading, by striking 

24 ‘‘AND 3.’’ and inserting ‘‘3, AND 4.’’; 
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1 (B) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘and 3’’ 

2 and inserting ‘‘3, and 4’’; 

3 (C) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘and 3’’ 

4 and inserting ‘‘3, and 4’’; and 

5 (D) in subsection (d), by striking ‘‘or 3’’ 

6 and inserting ‘‘3, or 4’’; and 

7 (4) by inserting after subpart 3 the following: 

8 ‘‘Subpart 4—Patsy T. Mink Fellowship Program 

9 ‘‘SEC. 731. PURPOSE AND DESIGNATION. 

10 ‘‘(a) PURPOSE.—It is the purpose of this subpart to 

11 provide, through eligible institutions, a program of fellow12 ship awards to assist highly qualified minorities and 

13 women to acquire the doctoral degree, or highest possible 

14 degree available, in academic areas in which such individ15 uals are underrepresented for the purpose of enabling such 

16 individuals to enter the higher education professoriate. 

17 ‘‘(b) DESIGNATION.—Each recipient of a fellowship 

18 award from an eligible institution receiving a grant under 

19 this subpart shall be known as a ‘Patsy T. Mink Graduate 

20 Fellow’. 

21 ‘‘SEC. 732. DEFINITION OF ELIGIBLE INSTITUTION. 

22 ‘‘In this subpart, the term ‘eligible institution’ means 

23 an institution of higher education, or a consortium of such 

24 institutions, that offers a program of postbaccalaureate 

25 study leading to a graduate degree. 
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1 ‘‘SEC. 733. PROGRAM AUTHORIZED. 

2 ‘‘(a) GRANTS BY SECRETARY.— 

3 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall award 

4 grants to eligible institutions to enable such institu5 tions to make fellowship awards to individuals in ac6 cordance with the provisions of this subpart. 

7 ‘‘(2) PRIORITY CONSIDERATION.—In awarding 

8 grants under this subpart, the Secretary shall con9 sider the eligible institution’s prior experience in 

10 producing doctoral degree, or highest possible degree 

11 available, holders who are minorities and women, 

12 and shall give priority consideration in making 

13 grants under this subpart to those eligible institu14 tions with a demonstrated record of producing mi15 norities and women who have earned such degrees. 

16 ‘‘(b) APPLICATIONS.— 

17 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—An eligible institution that 

18 desires a grant under this subpart shall submit an 

19 application to the Secretary at such time, in such 

20 manner, and containing such information as the Sec21 retary may require. 

22 ‘‘(2) APPLICATIONS MADE ON BEHALF.— 

23 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The following entities 

24 may submit an application on behalf of an eligi25 ble institution: 
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1 ‘‘(i) A graduate school or department 

2 of such institution. 

3 ‘‘(ii) A graduate school or department 

4 of such institution in collaboration with an 

5 undergraduate college or university of such 

6 institution. 

7 ‘‘(iii) An organizational unit within 

8 such institution that offers a program of 

9 postbaccalaureate study leading to a grad10 uate degree, including an interdisciplinary 

11 or an interdepartmental program. 

12 ‘‘(iv) A nonprofit organization with a 

13 demonstrated record of helping minorities 

14 and women earn postbaccalaureate de15 grees. 

16 ‘‘(B) NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS.—Noth17 ing in this paragraph shall be construed to per18 mit the Secretary to award a grant under this 

19 subpart to an entity other than an eligible insti20 tution. 

21 ‘‘(c) SELECTION OF APPLICATIONS.—In awarding 

22 grants under subsection (a), the Secretary shall— 

23 ‘‘(1) take into account— 

24 ‘‘(A) the number and distribution of mi25 nority and female faculty nationally; 
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1 ‘‘(B) the current and projected need for 

2 highly trained individuals in all areas of the 

3 higher education professoriate; and 

4 ‘‘(C) the present and projected need for 

5 highly trained individuals in academic career 

6 fields in which minorities and women are under7 represented in the higher education professo8 riate; and 

9 ‘‘(2) consider the need to prepare a large num10 ber of minorities and women generally in academic 

11 career fields of high national priority, especially in 

12 areas in which such individuals are traditionally 

13 underrepresented in college and university faculties. 

14 ‘‘(d) DISTRIBUTION AND AMOUNTS OF GRANTS.— 

15 ‘‘(1) EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION.—In awarding 

16 grants under this subpart, the Secretary shall, to the 

17 maximum extent feasible, ensure an equitable geo18 graphic distribution of awards and an equitable dis19 tribution among public and independent eligible in20 stitutions that apply for grants under this subpart 

21 and that demonstrate an ability to achieve the pur22 pose of this subpart. 

23 ‘‘(2) SPECIAL RULE.—To the maximum extent 

24 practicable, the Secretary shall use not less than 50 

25 percent of the amount appropriated pursuant to sec-
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1 tion 736 to award grants to eligible institutions 

2 that— 

3 ‘‘(A) are eligible for assistance under title 

4 III or title V; or 

5 ‘‘(B) have formed a consortium that in6 cludes both non-minority serving institutions 

7 and minority serving institutions. 

8 ‘‘(3) ALLOCATION.—In awarding grants under 

9 this subpart, the Secretary shall allocate appropriate 

10 funds to those eligible institutions whose applications 

11 indicate an ability to significantly increase the num12 bers of minorities and women entering the higher 

13 education professoriate and that commit institu14 tional resources to the attainment of the purpose of 

15 this subpart. 

16 ‘‘(4) NUMBER OF FELLOWSHIP AWARDS.—An 

17 eligible institution that receives a grant under this 

18 subpart shall make not less than 15 fellowship 

19 awards. 

20 ‘‘(5) REALLOTMENT.—If the Secretary deter21 mines that an eligible institution awarded a grant 

22 under this subpart is unable to use all of the grant 

23 funds awarded to the institution, the Secretary shall 

24 reallot, on such date during each fiscal year as the 

25 Secretary may fix, the unused funds to other eligible 
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1 institutions that demonstrate that such institutions 

2 can use any reallocated grant funds to make fellow3 ship awards to individuals under this subpart. 

4 ‘‘(e) INSTITUTIONAL ALLOWANCE.— 

5 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.— 

6 ‘‘(A) NUMBER OF ALLOWANCES.—In 

7 awarding grants under this subpart, the Sec8 retary shall pay to each eligible institution 

9 awarded a grant, for each individual awarded a 

10 fellowship by such institution under this sub11 part, an institutional allowance. 

12 ‘‘(B) AMOUNT.—Except as provided in 

13 paragraph (3), an institutional allowance shall 

14 be in an amount equal to, for academic year 

15 2006–2007 and succeeding academic years, the 

16 amount of institutional allowance made to an 

17 institution of higher education under section 

18 715 for such academic year. 

19 ‘‘(2) USE OF FUNDS.—Institutional allowances 

20 may be expended in the discretion of the eligible in21 stitution and may be used to provide, except as pro22 hibited under paragraph (4), academic support and 

23 career transition services for individuals awarded fel24 lowships by such institution. 
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1 ‘‘(3) REDUCTION.—The institutional allowance 

2 paid under paragraph (1) shall be reduced by the 

3 amount the eligible institution charges and collects 

4 from a fellowship recipient for tuition and other ex5 penses as part of the recipient’s instructional pro6 gram. 

7 ‘‘(4) USE FOR OVERHEAD PROHIBITED.—Funds 

8 made available under this subpart may not be used 

9 for general operational overhead of the academic de10 partment or institution receiving funds under this 

11 subpart. 

12 ‘‘SEC. 734. FELLOWSHIP RECIPIENTS. 

13 ‘‘(a) AUTHORIZATION.—An eligible institution that 

14 receives a grant under this subpart shall use the grant 

15 funds to make fellowship awards to minorities and women 

16 who are enrolled at such institution in a doctoral degree, 

17 or highest possible degree available, program and— 

18 ‘‘(1) intend to pursue a career in instruction 

19 at— 

20 ‘‘(A) an institution of higher education (as 

21 the term is defined in section 101); 

22 ‘‘(B) an institution of higher education (as 

23 the term is defined in section 102(a)(1)); 
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1 ‘‘(C) an institution of higher education 

2 outside the United States (as the term is de3 scribed in section 102(a)(2)); or 

4 ‘‘(D) a proprietary institution of higher 

5 education (as the term is defined in section 

6 102(b)); and 

7 ‘‘(2) sign an agreement with the Secretary 

8 agreeing to begin employment at an institution de9 scribed in paragraph (1) not later than 5 years after 

10 receiving the doctoral degree or highest possible de11 gree available, and to be employed by such institu12 tion for 1 year for each year of fellowship assistance 

13 received under this subpart. 

14 ‘‘(b) FAILURE TO COMPLY.—If an individual who re15 ceives a fellowship award under this subpart fails to com16 ply with the agreement signed pursuant to subsection 

17 (a)(2), then the Secretary shall do 1 or both of the fol18 lowing: 

19 ‘‘(1) Require the individual to repay all or the 

20 applicable portion of the total fellowship amount 

21 awarded to the individual by converting the balance 

22 due to a loan at the interest rate applicable to loans 

23 made under part B of title IV. 

24 ‘‘(2) Impose a fine or penalty in an amount to 

25 be determined by the Secretary. 
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1 ‘‘(c) WAIVER AND MODIFICATION.— 

2 ‘‘(1) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary shall pro3 mulgate regulations setting forth criteria to be con4 sidered in granting a waiver for the service require5 ment under subsection (a)(2). 

6 ‘‘(2) CONTENT.—The criteria under paragraph 

7 (1) shall include whether compliance with the service 

8 requirement by the fellowship recipient would be— 

9 ‘‘(A) inequitable and represent a substan10 tial hardship; or 

11 ‘‘(B) deemed impossible because the indi12 vidual is permanently and totally disabled at 

13 the time of the waiver request. 

14 ‘‘(d) AMOUNT OF FELLOWSHIP AWARDS.—Fellow15 ship awards under this subpart shall consist of a stipend 

16 in an amount equal to the level of support provided to 

17 the National Science Foundation graduate fellows, except 

18 that such stipend shall be adjusted as necessary so as not 

19 to exceed the fellow’s tuition and fees or demonstrated 

20 need (as determined by the institution of higher education 

21 where the graduate student is enrolled), whichever is 

22 greater. 

23 ‘‘(e) ACADEMIC PROGRESS REQUIRED.—An indi24 vidual student shall not be eligible to receive a fellowship 

25 award— 
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1 ‘‘(1) except during periods in which such stu2 dent is enrolled, and such student is maintaining 

3 satisfactory academic progress in, and devoting es4 sentially full time to, study or research in the pur5 suit of the degree for which the fellowship support 

6 was awarded; and 

7 ‘‘(2) if the student is engaged in gainful em8 ployment, other than part-time employment in teach9 ing, research, or similar activity determined by the 

10 eligible institution to be consistent with and sup11 portive of the student’s progress toward the appro12 priate degree. 

13 ‘‘SEC. 735. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 

14 ‘‘Nothing in this subpart shall be construed to require 

15 an eligible institution that receives a grant under this sub16 part— 

17 ‘‘(1) to grant a preference or to differentially 

18 treat any applicant for a faculty position as a result 

19 of the institution’s participation in the program 

20 under this subpart; or 

21 ‘‘(2) to hire a Patsy T. Mink Fellow who com22 pletes this program and seeks employment at such 

23 institution. 
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1 ‘‘SEC. 736. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

2 ‘‘There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out 

3 this subpart $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2006 and such 

4 sums as may be necessary for each of the 5 succeeding 

5 fiscal years.’’. 

6 SEC. 6. COST OF ATTENDANCE FOR STUDENTS WITH 1 OR 

7 MORE DEPENDENTS. 

8 Section 472 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 

9 U.S.C. 1087ll) is amended by striking paragraph (8) and 

10 inserting the following: 

11 ‘‘(8) for a student with 1 or more dependents— 

12 ‘‘(A) an allowance based on the estimated 

13 actual expenses incurred for such dependent 

14 care, based on the number and age of such de15 pendents, except that— 

16 ‘‘(i) such allowance shall not exceed 

17 the reasonable cost in the community in 

18 which such student resides for the kind of 

19 care provided; and 

20 ‘‘(ii) the period for which dependent 

21 care is required includes class-time, study22 time, field work, internships, and com23 muting time; and 

24 ‘‘(B) if the student is a graduate student, 

25 an allowance based on the estimated actual liv26 ing expenses incurred for such dependents, 
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1 based on the number and age of such depend2 ents, including— 

3 ‘‘(i) room and board for such depend4 ents; and 

5 ‘‘(ii) health insurance for such de6 pendents;’’. 

7 SEC. 7. UNSUBSIDIZED STAFFORD LOAN LIMITS FOR GRAD8 UATE AND PROFESSIONAL STUDENTS. 

9 Section 428H(d)(2)(C) of the Higher Education Act 

10 of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1078–8(d)(2)(C)) is amended by strik11 ing ‘‘$10,000’’ and inserting ‘‘$12,000’’. 

12 SEC. 8. ALLOWANCE OF ROOM, BOARD, AND SPECIAL 

13 NEEDS SERVICES IN THE CASE OF SCHOLAR14 SHIPS AND TUITION REDUCTION PROGRAMS 

15 WITH RESPECT TO HIGHER EDUCATION. 

16 (a) IN GENERAL.—Paragraph (1) of section 117(b) 

17 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (defining qualified 

18 scholarship) is amended by inserting before the period at 

19 the end the following: ‘‘or, in the case of enrollment or 

20 attendance at an eligible educational institution, for quali21 fied higher education expenses’’. 

22 (b) DEFINITIONS.—Subsection (b) of section 117 of 

23 such Code is amended by adding at the end the following 

24 new paragraph: 
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1 ‘‘(3) QUALIFIED HIGHER EDUCATION EX2 PENSES; ELIGIBLE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION.—

3 The terms ‘qualified higher education expenses’ and 

4 ‘eligible educational institution’ have the meanings 

5 given such terms in section 529(e).’’. 

6 (c) TUITION REDUCTION PROGRAMS.—Paragraph 

7 (5) of section 117(d) of such Code (relating to special 

8 rules for teaching and research assistants) is amended by 

9 striking ‘‘shall be applied as if it did not contain the 

10 phrase ‘(below the graduate level)’.’’ and inserting ‘‘shall 

11 be applied— 

12 ‘‘(A) as if it did not contain the phrase 

13 ‘(below the graduate level)’, and 

14 ‘‘(B) by substituting ‘qualified higher edu15 cation expenses’ for ‘tuition’ the second place it 

16 appears.’’. 

17 (d) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 

18 this section shall apply to expenses paid after December 

19 31, 2004 (in taxable years ending after such date), for 

20 education furnished in academic periods beginning after 

21 such date. 

22 SEC. 9. PROGRAM FUNDING THROUGH TAX-EXEMPT SECU23 RITIES. 

24 (a) SPECIAL ALLOWANCES.— 
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1 (1) TECHNICAL CORRECTION.—Section 2 of the 

2 Taxpayer-Teacher Protection Act of 2004 (Public 

3 Law 108–409; 118 Stat. 2299) is amended in the 

4 matter preceding paragraph (1) by inserting ‘‘of the 

5 Higher Education Act of 1965’’ after ‘‘Section 

6 438(b)(2)(B)’’. 

7 (2) IN GENERAL.—Section 438(b)(2)(B) of the 

8 Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087–

9 1(b)(2)(B)) (as amended by section 2 of the Tax10 payer-Teacher Protection Act of 2004) is amend11 ed— 

12 (A) in clause (iv), by striking ‘‘1993, or re13 funded after September 30, 2004, and before 

14 January 1, 2006, the’’ and inserting ‘‘1993, or 

15 refunded on or after the date of enactment of 

16 the Taxpayer-Teacher Protection Act of 2004, 

17 the’’; and 

18 (B) by striking clause (v) and inserting the 

19 following: 

20 ‘‘(v) Notwithstanding clauses (i) and 

21 (ii), the quarterly rate of the special allow22 ance shall be the rate determined under 

23 subparagraph (A), (E), (F), (G), (H), or 

24 (I) of this paragraph, or paragraph (4), as 

25 the case may be, for loans— 
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1 ‘‘(I) originated, transferred, or 

2 purchased on or after the date of en3 actment of the Taxpayer-Teacher Pro4 tection Act of 2004; 

5 ‘‘(II) financed by an obligation 

6 that has matured, been retired, or 

7 defeased on or after the date of enact8 ment of the Taxpayer-Teacher Protec9 tion Act of 2004; 

10 ‘‘(III) which the special allowance 

11 was determined under such subpara12 graphs or paragraph, as the case may 

13 be, on or after the date of enactment 

14 of the Taxpayer-Teacher Protection 

15 Act of 2004; 

16 ‘‘(IV) for which the maturity 

17 date of the obligation from which 

18 funds were obtained for such loans 

19 was extended on or after the date of 

20 enactment of the Taxpayer-Teacher 

21 Protection Act of 2004; or 

22 ‘‘(V) sold or transferred to any 

23 other holder on or after the date of 

24 enactment of the Taxpayer-Teacher 

25 Protection Act of 2004.’’. 
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1 (3) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in the 

2 amendment made by paragraph (2) shall be con3 strued to abrogate a contractual agreement between 

4 the Federal Government and a student loan pro5 vider. 

6 (b) AVAILABLE FUNDS FROM REDUCED EXPENDI7 TURES.—Any funds available to the Secretary of Edu8 cation as a result of reduced expenditures under section 

9 438 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 

10 1087–1) secured by the enactment of subsection (a) shall 

11 be used by the Secretary to carry out the programs and 

12 activities authorized under this Act.

Æ