# Patent

## Title
System and method for risk grid display in an electronic trading environment

## Abstract

A system and method for displaying and controlling risk related information in an electronic trading environment are described. One method includes creating a display interface including a data structure and a display grid. The data structure may be a tree-based data structure with a plurality of data nodes associated with trader-related risk information, where the data in the data nodes is automatically updated based on fill information being received from at least one electronic exchange. Also, the data structure includes the ability to select, manipulate, and group the data nodes based on user preferences. The method further includes selecting data nodes to be mapped to the at least one data grid, and displaying trader-related risk information corresponding to the selected data nodes on the at least one data grid.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/680,455 filed Oct. 7, 2003, entitled “System and Method for Risk Grid Display in an Electronic Trading Environment” the contents of which are fully incorporated herein by reference.


FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention is directed towards electronic trading. More specifically, the present invention relates to a system and method for providing a grid for displaying risk related information such as P/L and net position, and/or order related information, while permitting a user to easily distinguish and control the displayed values.
BACKGROUND
In recent years, a trend towards electronic trading has become well-established, causing one major exchange after another to replace or at least supplement the traditional open outcry, where a trade is done face to face, with automated electronic systems which automatically match bids and offers. While the motivation behind using electronic trading may vary from market to market, greater efficiency and volume are some of the considerations.
Electronic trading is generally based on a host exchange, one or more computer networks and client devices. An electronic exchange provides a matching process between buyers and sellers. Some well known electronic exchanges include Eurex, London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange (“LIFFE”), Euronext, Chicago Mercantile Exchange (“CME”), Chicago Board of Trade (“CBOT”), Xetra, and Island. Buyers and sellers, collectively referred to as traders, are typically connected to one or more electronic exchanges by way of communication links. Traders submit buy and sell orders to the electronic exchange over the communication links. They also obtain price information and other fill information from the exchange.
An electronic exchange can list any number of tradeable objects. Often times, traders will trade simultaneously in more than one tradeable object, and they may trade simultaneously tradeable objects that are listed at more than one exchange. Ordinarily, each market has its own electronic market, and therefore, its own separate stream of market information. Therefore, in these instances, the traders will generally receive more than one stream of market information such that each stream of market information attempts to characterize a given tradeable object. In addition to receiving market information from exchanges, a trader might subscribe to news feeds to receive real-time quotations that may assist the trader in making their trading decisions.
Some traders prefer to trade only one tradeable object at a time, and others often trade more than one tradeable object at more than one electronic exchange. As used herein, the term “tradeable object” refers to anything that can be traded with a quantity and price. For example, tradeable objects may include, but are not limited to, all types of traded financial products, such as, for example, stocks, options, bonds, futures, currency, and warrants, as well as funds, derivatives, and collections of the foregoing. Moreover, tradeable objects may include all types of commodities, such as grains, energy, and metals. Also, a tradeable object may be “real,” such as products that are listed by an exchange for trading, or “synthetic,” such as a combination of real products that is created by the trader. A tradeable object could be actually a combination of other tradeable objects, such as a class of tradeable objects.
Generally, when a trader submits an order to a host exchange, the host checks the conditions associated with the order, such as price and quantity, and prioritizes the order with other orders of the same price. When the order conditions are satisfied in the market, a trade occurs and trade information is then relayed in some fashion to one or more client devices. In fact, the host exchanges typically publish a data feed to the client devices so that the traders can have access to the most current market update information.
Also, as trader's orders get filled, a trader typically wishes to view fill data related to his trades during a trading day, as well as his net position and profit and loss (“P/L”) information that is determined based on the received fills. As mentioned earlier, some traders may simultaneously trade more than one tradeable object at a time, and the tradeable objects being traded by the traders may be synthetic and may be traded at two or more electronic exchanges. Also, a trader may use more than one account to trade at different exchanges or to trade different tradeable objects at the same or different exchanges.
The currently existing applications for displaying P/L related information and trader's net position are often limited in terms of their utility. Typically, the existing applications provide a trader with a fill window and the corresponding window for displaying trader-related P/L and net position information. One limitation of the existing P/L and net position displays is that, while they allow a trader to set up a number of filters to be used to calculate P/L and net position values, a trader may have to open and configure a number of such windows in order to view P/L and net position information created for different account numbers, different tradeable objects, or different currencies, for example. As the number of trader's accounts or tradeable objects being traded by a trader increases, setting of all desirable filters for each window and viewing all windows that display trader's P/L and net position information on a computer screen may be difficult or even impossible. The burden of configuring such windows and viewing the displayed information further multiplies when it is a risk manager administrator rather than an individual trader who is trying to monitor and manage multiple accounts.
Thus, it is still desirable for electronic trading applications to offer tools that can assist a trader in trading in an electronic trading environment, help making profitable trades in a speedy and accurate manner, while allowing the trader to conveniently configure and control trader-related information such as P/L and net position.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Example embodiments of the present invention are described herein with reference to the following drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is an example network configuration for a communication system utilized to access one or more exchanges;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example client device that can be used in the example network of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example tree-based data set configuration according to one example embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a risk display interface including a data space and a grid display according to one example embodiment; and
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating another example risk display interface according to one example embodiment.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
I. Risk Related Grid Display
According to example embodiments, a system and method are developed for providing a display including a grid display interface that displays trader-related risk information such as P/L and net position related information. More specifically, the grid display interface allows for display of a large number of data spaces so that a trader can easily and quickly distinguish the displayed data based on any data grouping used by a trader to create the grid.
The display also permits for a convenient and effective configuration and grouping of the displayed data. More specifically, the display includes a data space arranged in a tree-based data structure including a plurality of data nodes. In the tree-based data structures, records are stored in locations called leaf nodes, which are at the end point of a tree branch node that is a sum of all leaf nodes. Also, each branch node may include a plurality of sub-branch nodes, and each sub-branch node may hold a plurality of separate leaf nodes. In other words, each node in a tree-based data structure may be thought of as having a specific rank, such that, for example, the leaf nodes associated with independent values have the lowest rank, and a branch node that is a sum of at least two other sub-branches or a number of leaf nodes may have a higher rank, while the tree node that is a sum of all branches has the highest rank of all nodes. In such a configuration, a number of lower rank nodes may be called “children” of another higher rank “parent” node.
For example, as will be described in greater detail below, a branch node may correspond to a trader's account or a combination of trader's accounts, and leaf nodes under the branch node may correspond to different tradeable objects that a trader is trading under the account(s). If a trader has a number of accounts, the nodes corresponding to different accounts may be considered sub-branches of a branch node corresponding to the sum of all account nodes. The branch node may then be a part of a group of other branch nodes associated with the highest rank tree node that is a sum of all values corresponding to the branch nodes. Using such a tree-based data structure, a trader can quickly and easily locate, place, and manipulate different nodes.
While the present invention is described herein with reference to illustrative embodiments for particular applications, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited thereto. Those having ordinary skill of art will recognize that many additional modifications and embodiments are possible as well.
II. Hardware and Software Overview
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example trading system 100 in accordance with the preferred embodiments. The system 100 includes one or more exchanges 102, 104, 106 and one or more client devices 108, 110, 112. Intermediate devices such as gateways 114, 116, 118, routers (not shown), and other such types of network devices may be used to connect network 120 to networks 122, 124, and 126 so that client devices 108, 110, 112 and exchanges 102, 104, 106 can communicate market information. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to any particular system configuration. For example, networks 122, 124, and 126 could represent the same network, network 120 could represent the same network as networks 122, 124, and 126, or client devices 108, 110, 112 could connect separately to gateways 114, 116, 118. Of course, the preferred embodiments may be implemented on many other system configurations.
A. Exchange
Any of exchanges 102, 104, 106 may represent, for example, the London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange (“LIFFE”), the Chicago Board of Trade (“CBOT”), the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (“CME”), the Exchange Electronic Trading (“Xetra,” a German stock exchange), or the European Exchange (“Eurex”), or any other exchange that participates in electronic trading. Exchanges 102, 104, 106 might also refer to other facilities, which include basic or more complex systems that automatically match incoming orders. These example exchanges and other exchanges are well known in the art. Communication protocols required for connectivity to one of these exchanges are also well known in the art.
Exchanges 102, 104, 106 allow traders to log into a market to trade tradeable objects. Once a trader logs into a market and submits an order, an exchange may process the order using different execution algorithms, and sometimes the type of algorithm used may depend on the tradeable object being traded. Preferably, the example embodiments can be adapted by one skilled in the art to work with any order execution algorithms. Some example order execution algorithms include first-in-first-out (“FIFO”) and pro rata algorithms. The FIFO algorithm, used for some tradeable objects listed with Eurex, for example, gives priority to the first person in an order queue at an exchange to place an order. The pro rata algorithm, used for some tradeable objects listed with LIFFE, for example, splits orders for the same price, and the orders at identical prices are filled in proportion to their size. The present invention is not limited to any particular type of order execution algorithm. It should also be understood that the price order queue is a term that covers a broad range of systems used by an exchange to conduct orderly financial transactions such as, for example, a FIFO based system or a pro rata system.
Regardless of the type of order execution algorithm used, each exchange 102, 104, and 106 preferably provides similar types of information in market updates found in their data feeds to subscribing client devices 108, 110, and 112. Market information may include data that represents just the inside market. The inside market is the lowest sell price (best ask) and the highest buy price (best bid) at a particular point in time.
Market information provided by an exchange may also include market depth. Market depth refers to quantities available at the inside market and can also refer to quantities available at other prices away from the inside market. The quantity available at a given price level is usually provided by the host exchange in aggregate sums. The extent of the market depth available to a trader usually depends on the exchange. For instance, some electronic exchanges provide market depth for all (or most) price levels, some exchanges provide market depth for a finite number of price levels, while some exchanges provide only quantities associated with the inside market, and others may provide no market depth at all. Additionally, exchanges 102, 104, 106 can offer other types of market information, for example, the last traded price (“LTP”), the last traded quantity (“LTQ”), the total traded quantity (“TTQ”), and order fill information. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to receiving and analyzing a data feed consisting of market updates. One skilled in the art would recognize upon reading the description herein that the present invention has utility in any trading application where any particular type of data feed is provided.
B. Gateway
Gateways 114, 116, and 118 are devices such as a mainframe, super minicomputer, workstation, or microcomputer that connect network 120 to networks 122, 124, 126 so that market information can be successfully passed between client devices 108, 110, 112 and exchanges 102, 104, 106. Gateways 114, 116, 118 receive market information from exchanges 102, 104, 106 and convert it to a form compatible with the protocols used by client devices 108, 110, 112 using conversion techniques known in the art. Also, as known by those skilled in the art, gateways 114, 116, and 118 may have one or more servers to support the data feeds, such as a price server for processing price information, an order server for processing order information, and a fill server for processing fill information. A trader at one of client devices 108, 110, and 112 can subscribe to price information, order information, and fill information for a particular market hosted at exchanges 102, 104, 106. Gateways 114, 116, 118 also receive transaction information, such as orders, order changes, queries, etc., from client devices 108, 110, 112 and forward that information to corresponding exchanges 102, 104, and 106.
C. Client Device
Client devices 108, 110, 112 are devices that provide an interface for traders to trade at one or more markets listed with one, some, or all of exchanges 102, 104, 106. Some example's of client devices include a personal computer, laptop computer, hand-held computer, and so forth. Client devices 108, 110, 112, according to the preferred embodiments, include at least a processor and memory. The processor and memory, which are both well-known computer components, are not shown in the Figure for sake of clarity. Preferably, the processor has enough processing power to handle and process various types of market information. Of course, the more market information is received and processed, the more processing power is preferred. However, any present day processor has enough capability to perform at least the most basic part of the present inventions.
Memory may include a computer readable medium. The term computer readable medium, as used herein, refers to any medium that participates in providing instructions to a processor unit for execution. Such a medium may take many forms, including but not limited to, non-volatile media, and transmission media. Non-volatile media include, for example, optical or magnetic disks, such as storage devices. Volatile media include dynamic memory, such as main memory or random access memory (“RAM”). Common forms of computer-readable media include, for example, floppy disks, flexible disks, hard disks, magnetic tape, punch cards, or any other magnetic medium, a CD-ROM, any other optical medium, punch cards, paper tape, any other physical medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a PROM, and EPROM, a FLASH-EPROM, and any other memory chip or cartridge, or any other medium from which a computer can read.
Client devices 108, 110, 112 receive market information from any of exchanges 102, 104, 106. According to the preferred embodiment, market information is displayed to the trader(s) on the visual output device or display device of client devices 108, 110, 112. The output device can be any type of display. For example, the display could be a CRT-based video display, an LCD-based or a gas plasma-based flat-panel display, a display that shows three-dimensional images, or some other type of display. The present invention is not limited to any particular type of display.
Upon viewing the market information or a portion thereof, a trader may wish to send orders to an exchange, cancel orders in a market, change orders in a market, query an exchange, and so on. To do so, the trader may input various commands or signals into the client device 104, for example, by typing into a keyboard, inputting commands through a mouse, or inputting commands or signals through some other input device. Upon receiving one or more commands or signals, client devices 108, 110, 112 preferably generate transaction information. For instance, a trader may click a mouse button to initiate an order to buy a tradeable object. Then, transaction information would include an order to buy a particular quantity of the tradeable object at a particular price. There are many different types of messages and/or order types that can be submitted, all of which may be considered various types of transaction information. Once generated, transaction information is sent from client device 104 to host exchange 102 over network(s) 120, 122, 124, 126.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example client device 200 which may be similar to the type of client devices 108, 110, and 112 shown in FIG. 1. The client device 200 can be any particular type of computing device, examples of which were enumerated above with respect to the client device. According to the preferred embodiments, the client device 200 has a trading application 202 stored in memory that when executed arranges and displays market information in many particular ways, usually depending on how the trader prefers to view the information. The trading application 202 may also implement the preferred embodiments described herein. Alternatively, the preferred embodiments described herein may occur elsewhere such as outside of the trading application 202 on the client device 200, on a gateway, or on some other computing device. Preferably, the trading application 202 has access to market information through an API 204 (or application programming interface), or the trading application 202 could also forward transaction information to the exchange 210 via the API 204. Alternatively, the API 204 could be distributed so that a portion of the API rests on the client device 202 and a gateway, or at the exchange 210. Additionally, the trading application 202 may receive signals from an input device 212 via an input device interface 206, and can be given the ability to send signals to a display device 214 via a display device interface 208.
III. Risk Information Grid Display
Before any data is displayed via a grid display, a trader or a system administrator may create a data space including a number of data sets to be later mapped to the grid display. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to a single data space and a single grid display, and more than one data space and the corresponding grid displays could be created based on the trader's preferences. According to a preferred embodiment, the data space is arranged in a tree-based data structure. A tree-based data structure is an algorithm for placing and locating files or folders placed in a database. The tree structure finds data by repeatedly making choices at decision points called nodes, including the highest rank tree node, lower rank branch nodes, sub-branch nodes, and leaf nodes, which have the lowest rank. Also, each node can be associated with a number of sub-nodes or branches, and a user can move, add, and delete nodes in a tree data structure until a desired tree configuration is created.
Each node in a tree-based data structure includes values. Based on the tree-data configuration, the highest rank tree node is a sum of values associated with all branches that are held by the tree node. Then, similarly, each branch node is a sum of values associated with all sub-branch nodes or leaf nodes that are held by the branch node. In one example embodiment described herein, a node in a tree-based data structure may track P/L and net position values associated with a tradeable object, a trader, or a group of traders depending on the rank level of the node. For example, the highest rank tree node may be associated with an overall net position, and/or profit related information of a trader or a group of traders who trade at one or more electronic exchanges. Then, each branch node under the tree node may correspond to a different trader having a net position and P/L being tracked by the tree node. Then, sub-branch nodes may be associated with a number of account sub-branch nodes corresponding to different accounts being used by the trader of the branch node. Finally, the sub-branch account node may be associated with a number of leaf nodes corresponding to different tradeable objects being traded under the account associated with the sub-branch node.
It should be understood that two or more tradeable object nodes could also be combined to represent an overall P/L and net position associated with the selected tradeable object nodes. Such implementation may be especially useful when a trader wishes to view an overall P/L value and a net position for a spread including two or more tradeable objects being traded as the spread. Also, it should be understood that grouping of fill data could also be based on different criteria. For example, branch nodes may correspond to different exchanges. In such a configuration, a first set of sub-branch nodes corresponding to a specific exchange may be associated with different traders who trade at that exchange, and then each sub-branch node corresponding to a trader may be associated with second sub-branch nodes corresponding to each account being used by the trader to trade at the specific exchange. Then, the sub-branch account nodes may be associated with a number of leaf nodes corresponding to different tradeable objects being traded under each account. It should be understood that any number of sub-branch levels could be used in a tree-based data structure, and a user can create additional sub-branches by merging two or more nodes into a higher rank node. For example, if a trader uses two or more accounts to trade at the same or different exchanges, a trader may merge the account nodes corresponding to the selected accounts into another node that will represent a combined P/L value and a combined net position of the merged accounts.
Also, it should be understood that the tree-based data configuration described above is only one example configuration, and a trader may decide to create a tree-based data structure based on different categories or based on different node groupings. For example, rather than having the highest ranked nodes correspond to an exchange, or to a group of individual traders, another tree-based data structure may be created where the highest rank branch nodes are based on different currencies, such as Dollar ($), Euro (), Yen (¥), or Pound (£), for example, or any other currency in which tradeable objects are traded by one or more traders. In such an embodiment, each currency branch node may be associated with a number of sub-branch nodes corresponding to accounts that are used by a trader or a group of traders to trade tradeable objects in the defined currency. Each account sub-node may in turn be associated with another set of its own sub-branch nodes corresponding to each tradeable object being traded in the defined currency. Also, if the currency-based tree configuration is created for a number of traders, nodes corresponding to the first sub-branch may correspond to each trader who trades in the defined currency, and then a node corresponding to each trader may be associated with another sub-branch including a number of sub-nodes corresponding to the trader's accounts that in turn may include one or more nodes corresponding to tradeable object(s) being traded under the respective accounts.
In an alternative embodiment, nodes in a tree-based data structure may be grouped based on contract expiration dates, such as front months v. back months. Under such an implementation, a tree node or a branch node corresponding to the front months may be associated with a number of sub-branch nodes corresponding to the tradeable objects having expiration dates during one of the front months defined for the branch node. Similarly, a branch node corresponding to the back months may be associated with a sub-branch corresponding to a number of sub-nodes created for tradeable objects having expiration dates during the back months. Also, under such an implementation, a trader may wish to combine sub-nodes such that a lower number of sub-nodes are grouped together. For example, a trader may wish to view a combined P/L and a combined net position for contracts that expire in September and October, rather than viewing such values for each month separately.
Also, according to a preferred embodiment, values in each node are dynamically updated based on fill information being received from one or more electronic exchanges. In such an embodiment, when a fill is received, the fill is built into one or more trees. For example, in an exchange-account-tradeable object tree-based data structure, a fill may be first matched to a specific exchange, then one of the accounts, and then to a specific tradeable object. Alternatively, in a currency-based tree, a received fill may be matched to a specific currency in which a tradeable object is traded and then to any other node corresponding to sub-branches.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a tree-based data set configuration 300 according to one example embodiment. The tree-based data set 300 illustrates an account-trader-tradeable object configuration. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the highest rank tree node of the tree-based data set configuration 300 corresponds to an overall account node 302 including a plurality of branch nodes corresponding to a number of traders. Such a configuration may be useful when a risk manager administrator wishes to view an overall risk related information, such as P/L and net position-related information, for a group of traders, as well as risk information corresponding to each individual trader who is being managed by the risk manager administrator.
As illustrated in FIG. 3, there are five branch nodes 304, 306, 308, 310, and 312 corresponding to five traders, Traders 1-5, who are trading under the combined account corresponding to a node 302. Also, each branch trader node corresponding to an individual trader is associated with a number of sub-branch nodes created for tradeable objects being traded by the trader. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the node 304 associated with the first trader includes three sub-branch nodes corresponding to three individual tradeable objects: “jFCE Aug03,” “ZF Sep03,” and “ZN Sep03,” and an additional sub-branch level node created for a spread “FDAX/FESX,” where each individual tradeable object in the spread has a separate sub-node as well. Similar tradeable object nodes are created for other traders. For example, the branch node 308 corresponds to three sub-branch nodes associated with three tradeable objects “FESX Sep03,” “FGBL Sep03,” and “ZN Sep03.” Also, each trader may use different accounts to trade tradeable objects being offered at different electronic exchanges, for example. In such an embodiment, the tradeable objects may be grouped under separate sub-branches corresponding to the accounts associated with each tradeable object.
Using the tree-based data structure illustrated in FIG. 3, a trader may quickly locate, add, or reconfigure, such as combine, the created nodes. For example, a number of functional selections may be automatically displayed to a trader upon detecting a predetermined user input. For example, a selection of an Edit icon may result in displaying of a pull down menu that lists a number of available functional selections, such as to “Add a new node,” “Delete an existing node,” “Clear all,” etc. Also, when a new node is created, a trader may drag it to a desired location in the tree-based data structure. For example, a new node may be created for a new account, a new tradeable object, or a combination of tradeable objects. Then, a trader or a risk manager administrator may drag such a node and drop it in a desired location in the tree-based data structure. Also, other nodes may be moved under the newly created node. For example, two sub-nodes may be initially created for two tradeable objects being traded as a spread. Then, another node may be created to correspond to a sum of P/L values of the two tradeable objects. In such an embodiment, once a new node is created for the spread, a trader may drag each sub-node corresponding to the individual tradeable objects under the sub-node created for the spread.
Once a trader configures a data space, each or some elements of the data space are preferably mapped to a display interface. According to one example embodiment, a trader may select data to be mapped to the display interface. In a tree-based data structure configuration, a trader may select specific nodes, and the values corresponding to the selected nodes may be displayed via the interface. The selection of the specific nodes may be accomplished by selecting particular branches of the tree. For example, referring to FIG. 3, a trader may control which nodes are selected for display by simply opening and closing a folder corresponding to each node. In such an embodiment, when a trader opens a folder corresponding to one of the higher rank nodes, such as a node corresponding to Trader 1, for example, the sub-nodes corresponding to the Trader 1 node are displayed via the interface 300. In such an embodiment, every node and a sub-node displayed via the data space may be automatically displayed on a display interface. Alternatively, a trader may drag and drop selected nodes from a data space to a display interface. However, it should be understood that different methods could also be used to select which values corresponding to specific nodes are displayed via the display interface.
In addition to creating and selecting nodes to be displayed via a display interface, a trader may select a format of the display interface. For example, the display interface may have a grid display format. In such an embodiment, the data space corresponding to each node may be thought of as arranged in an X by Y data matrix that is then mapped to a display data grid such that the values corresponding to each node are mapped to a cell in a display grid. Therefore, the display data grid may be an interface with X rows and Y columns that form a number of cells. It should be understood that the display data grid may be a static space with a predetermined number of rows and columns. Alternatively, the data grid display may be dynamic in terms of changing a number of rows and columns based on user's selection of nodes to be displayed via the grid display interface. However, it should be understood that the display is not limited to a two-dimensional grid, and three-dimensional grid display could also be used, where the height of a cell or a portion thereof may indicate the current P/L value, for example.
It should be understood that any layout of the nodes corresponding to a tree-based data structure could be used. For example, main branch nodes may be displayed in a selected column or row, and then leaf nodes corresponding to a branch node may be displayed in relation to a row corresponding to a location in which the branch node is displayed. Alternatively, a user could manually drag selected nodes from a tree-based data structure onto a display grid. Further, alternatively, only problematic nodes, such as nodes corresponding to a critically low P/L value or too high net position could be displayed via the display grid. Also, it should be understood that a number of display grids could be created for a single data structure, where each grid may display nodes selected based on different criteria.
Each data node in a tree based data structure may be associated with trader related risk data. Additionally, each leaf node corresponding to a predetermined tradeable object may be associated with order related data, such as fills, partial fills, working order data, or any other user-selected data. As mentioned in earlier paragraphs, values corresponding to each node that are displayed via a grid data display interface may be dynamically updated based on fill updates being received from one or more exchanges. In one embodiment, once any of the values corresponding to the created nodes are updated based on the received fill data, the grid cells corresponding to the updated nodes may be automatically populated with the updated values. It should be understood that a trader or a system administrator may select the types of data to be displayed via each grid cell. For example, as will be shown in reference to FIG. 4, the displayed data may include risk data such as P/L related data including the highest, lowest, or current P/L values, as well as net position related information for a single trader or a group of traders. However, it should be understood that the grid display interface could also display different types of node-related risk data.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a risk display interface 400 including a data space 402 and a grid display 404 according to one example embodiment. The data space 402 has been described in reference to FIG. 3. The grid display 404 is a two-dimensional grid arranged in a number of rows and columns that form grid cells, and each cell in the grid display 404 corresponds to a single node or a sub-node in the tree-based data space 402.
The risk data corresponding to each selected node in the tree-based data space 402 is displayed via a number of cells on the grid display interface 404. More specifically, the risk data corresponding to each selected node is mapped to cells of the grid display interface 404. In one embodiment, risk data corresponding to the highest ranked nodes, such as the nodes corresponding to each main account, are displayed in cells of the first column of the grid display 404, and lower ranked sub-nodes corresponding to each main account node are displayed in the rows corresponding to their respective account nodes. Based on such configuration, the account node (“ACCT”) corresponding to a sum of all account nodes associated with five traders, as well as the highest ranked nodes associated with each of the five traders, such as Trader 1, Trader 2, Trader 3, Trader 4, and Trader 5, are mapped to cells in the first column. Then, sub-nodes corresponding to different accounts or different tradeable objects associated with each respective trader may be displayed to the right of the cell corresponding to the main account node of that trader. For example, the main node associated with Trader 2 (“TRAD 2”) is mapped to the first column and third row in the grid display interface 404, and each sub-node, such as sub-nodes FGBL Sep03 and ZN Sep03, corresponding to the tradeable objects being trader by Trader 2, are mapped to cells along the row corresponding to the main, highest rank TRAD 2 node associated with Trader 2.
Each data cell displays risk data associated with the corresponding node. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, the displayed risk data includes, as shown in column 412, the highest P/L (“H”), the lowest P/L (“L”), current P/L (“$”), and the current net position (“P”). It should be understood that the P/L may correspond to any user-configurable P/L type, such as net, realized, or open P/L. For example, the realized P/L may be calculated based on the executed sells and buys, such as Sells−Buys. Then, the net P/L may be calculated based on the executed sells and buys modified by the trader's net position and the current market position, e.g., (Sells−Buys)+(Net Position×Market Price). Then, the open P/L may be calculated based on the net P/L and the realized P/L, such as (Net P/L−Realized P/L). It should be understood that the trader may select any of the P/L types to be displayed via the grid display.
Referring back to FIG. 4, the “ACCT” grid cell 414 is a sum of the accounts associated with five traders and will be used as a reference to define types of data that can be displayed via each grid cell. The grid cell 414 displays the highest P/L value of $1342.68, the lowest P/L value of −$1707, and the current P/L value of $666.61. Then, the net position indicator “P” defines the net position as “Open.” The Open position indicates that at least one of the five traders has a non-zero net position for at least one of the tradeable objects being traded by that trader. It should be understood that the net position may be calculated based on current executed buys and sells, such as Sells-Buys. However, it should be understood that the net position can be calculated in many different ways, such as taking into consideration working orders, for example. It should be understood that a user can control what type of Net Position or P/L is displayed via the P/L grid. In one embodiment, the grid may alternatively display net positions and/or P/L values calculated based on different formulas upon receiving predetermined user selection inputs. For example, one selection input may cause the P/L grid to display Realized P/L and a Net Position calculated based on Sells and Buys, while another selection input may cause the P/L grid to display Open P/L and a Net Position calculated based on working buy and sell orders in addition to executed buys and sells.
In one example embodiment, the higher ranked nodes don't include specific values corresponding to net positions, but rather indicate whether some of the sub-nodes are associated with non-zero net positions. Using the grid display 404, a system administrator may quickly determine which traders have non-zero net positions by simply examining the grid cells under the ACCT cell 414. As illustrated in FIG. 4, Traders 1, 2, and 4 have non-zero net positions. The system administrator may then refer to grid cells corresponding to each trader to determine specific net position values corresponding to one or more tradeable objects being traded by each trader. For example, Trader 1 holds net positions of −9 and 9 for two tradeable objects being traded by Trader 1; jFCE August and FESX, respectively, and Trader 2 holds net positions of −1 and 1 for tradeable objects FGBL Sep03 and ZN Sep03. Then, Trader 4 holds net positions of −2 and 6 for tradeable objects FDAX Sep03 and FESX Sep03.
In addition to displaying numerical values, P/L could be also displayed graphically. FIG. 4 displays the P/L values using a thermometer type display which displays the current P/L value relative to high and low P/L values. Referring to the ACCT grid cell 414, the indicator 408 corresponds to the zero P/L value. Then, bars 406 and 410 represent the current P/L value in relation to the highest and lowest P/L values, respectively. More specifically, the top of the bar 406 corresponds to the highest P/L value since the beginning of a trading session, and the bottom of the bar 406 corresponds to the current P/L value. Similarly, the top of the bar 410 corresponds to the current P/L value, and the bottom of the bar 410 corresponds to the lowest P/L value since the beginning of the trading session. Similarly to dynamically updating the numerical P/L values in each cell upon detecting a change in P/L values being calculated for each data node, the thermometer bar levels would be dynamically updated to reflect P/L increases and decreases.
Also, in one example embodiment, the tree-based data structure 402 could automatically generate a new node upon detecting a new account or a new tradeable object being traded by one of the traders being managed by a system administrator, for example. When a new node is created, the grid display interface 404 could also automatically display P/L and net position values corresponding to the newly created node in one of the grid cells. The newly created grid cell could be displayed in any arbitrary and available location on the display grid interface 404, and could be color-coded such that it could be easily distinguished from other cells. Then, a trader or a risk administrator could easily merge the newly created node with another node in a tree-based data structure, such as a node corresponding to a trader's account under which the trader is trading the tradeable object.
FIG. 4 displays P/L values using the thermometer graph display; however, it should be understood that different graph types could also be used, and the example embodiments are not limited to the thermometer type display. In an alternative embodiment, each or some grid cells could include graphical charts of historical P/L values, or any other trader related data. Such graphical charts could be configured to transparently overlay the numerical values displayed in each cell, or could be displayed in a selected portion of a grid cell.
Also, values displayed via each grid cell could be color-coded based on any user preferences. For example, the current P/L values could be color-coded, and different colors could be selected based on whether P/L is positive or negative. In one embodiment, a green color could be used to color-code a positive P/L, and a red color could be used to color-code a negative P/L. Also, different colors could be used to represent a positive net position and a negative net position. Similarly, the bars 406 and 410 corresponding to the graphical representation of the P/L values may be color coded as well to differentiate relative values and allow a system administrator or an individual trader to quickly assess the displayed P/L data. For example, the top bar 406 corresponding to the P/L loss could be red, and the bottom bar 410 corresponding to the P/L gain could be green. Also, in addition to color coding the values displayed in each grid cell, a trader or a system administrator could configure each cell such that some of the values or the entire cell may start flashing upon detecting a predetermined condition associated with one or more displayed values. For example, a grid cell or a value corresponding to the current P/L could start flashing or change colors upon detecting that the P/L got to a pre-defined low level.
Also, it should be understood that the example embodiments are not limited to the grid display layout illustrated in FIG. 4, and different display configurations could be used as well. As described earlier, a trader or a risk manager administrator can select nodes that will be mapped to grid cells of the display grid. For example, only the highest rank nodes corresponding to each trader may be selected for display via the grid display so that a risk manager administrator may have an overall view of P/L and net position levels of all traders. Also, the highest rank nodes may be displayed horizontally, vertically, or at any angle selected by a trader or a risk manager administrator. Then, if a P/L corresponding to one of the displayed cells gets to an alarming low level, the risk administrator may decide to view sub-nodes corresponding to a node associated with the cell by expanding a number of the displayed sub-nodes. However, it should be understood that different types of displays could also be used.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating another example risk display interface 500 that can be used to display risk related information for one or more traders. The display interface 500 displays P/L related data, including current, high, and low P/L values, for a number of traders including Traders 1-6. However, it should be understood that the interface 500 could also display risk related data associated with nodes other than those related to specific traders, such as account related data or tradeable object related data. The graphical interface 500 displays numerical values for the current P/L 508, the low P/L 510, and the high P/L 512 during a trading day. It should be understood that the high and low P/L values are not limited to the entire trading day, and the P/L values may be tracked for periods shorter or longer than the entire trading day. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the high P/L level for Trader 1 is $4,200, and the low P/L level is $250. Also, the current P/L level for Trader 1 is $2,500. It should be understood that the P/L levels could be displayed in any user-selected currency, and example embodiments are not limited to any specific currency.
In addition to displaying P/L values numerically, the P/L information could be also displayed graphically, as illustrated in FIG. 5. However, rather than displaying the graphical indicators corresponding to each P/L vertically, the thermometer type displays corresponding to each trader are displayed horizontally. For example, bars 504 and 506 display the current P/L position relative to the highest and lowest P/L values during a trading day or during any other user-configurable time period. More specifically, the bar 504 displays the current P/L level compared to the lowest P/L level (represented by the left far end of the bar 504), and the bar 506 displays the current P/L level compared to the highest P/L level (represented by the right far end of the bar 506).
In addition to displaying the overall risk data related to each trader, the graphical interface 500 could also display risk information related to tradeable objects being traded by each trader. In such an embodiment, thermometer type displays corresponding to tradeable objects being traded by Trader 1, for example, could be displayed directly below the graphical representation of the overall P/L values corresponding to Trader 1 illustrated in FIG. 5, for example. It should be understood that before the risk information is displayed using the graphical interface 500, a trader or a risk manager administrator could create a data space such as the one illustrated in FIG. 3. Using such a tree-based data space, a trader could then easily select different nodes, and the risk information corresponding to the selected nodes could be displayed via the graphical interface 500.
In addition to displaying profit level related information such as high, low, and current P/L levels, the graphical display could also be used to display other trader-related markers, such as a marker representing a certain percentage of available credit, or a marker representing allowable daily loss. Such markers could be displayed on thermometer type displays corresponding to each trader. In an embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, an indicator 502 may correspond to a percent of an allowable daily loss defined for Trader 1. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, the combined length of bars 504 and 506 may correspond to 100%, and a trader may define the starting point of the scale at any end point of the combined bars. Similar indicators are displayed in relation to thermometer interfaces associated with Traders 2-6. For example, the zero marker of the scale may be on the far right of the bar 506. In such an embodiment, the marker 502 indicates that Trader 1 is at 100% of the allowable daily loss. However, it should be understood that the scale could also be set such that the zero marker is on the far left of the bar 504. Also, rather than illustrating the allowable daily loss, the indicators could illustrate an available credit, such as a percentage of available credit that has been used by a trader or a percentage of available credit that is still available to a trader.
However, it should be understood that more than one indicator could be displayed via the graphical interface, and the indicators may relate to the current as well as prior trading sessions. The trader could also control the graphical representation of each indicator and could set up different axis to correspond and control positions of different indicators.
Also, preferably, the graphical display of risk information could be configured such that a risk manager administrator, for example, could remotely access the display using any client device having a browser. In such an embodiment, based on the client device being used, the display window could be formatted such that the displayed data would fit on a screen of the client device.
The above description of the preferred embodiments, alternative embodiments, and specific examples, are given by way of illustration and should not be viewed as limiting. Further, many changes and modifications within the scope of the present embodiments may be made without departing from the spirit thereof, and the present invention includes such changes and modifications.
It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that methods involved in the system and method for displaying risk information in an electronic trading environment may be embodied in a computer program product that includes one or more computer readable media. For example, a computer readable medium can include a readable memory device, such as a hard drive device, a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, or a computer diskette, having computer readable program code segments stored thereon. The computer readable medium can also include a communications or transmission medium, such as, a bus or a communication link, either optical, wired or wireless having program code segments carried thereon as digital or analog data signals.
The claims should not be read as limited to the described order or elements unless stated to that effect. Therefore, all embodiments that come within the scope and spirit of the following claims and equivalents thereto are claimed as the invention.

## Claims

1. A method of displaying risk related information in an electronic trading environment, the method comprising:
receiving by a computing device a selection of a group of traders that buy and sell tradeable objects offered for trade by at least one electronic exchange;
generating by the computing device a display interface comprising a menu tree of a plurality of data nodes that correspond to risk related information for the group of traders, wherein the display interface further comprises a two dimensional display grid, wherein the display grid comprises a plurality of display cells, wherein each of the plurality of data nodes is mapped to a different display cell, wherein the display cells are arranged by a number of rows and a number of columns, wherein each display cell shows trader-related risk information pertaining to the corresponding mapped data node;
displaying by the computing device the menu tree of the plurality of data nodes and the display grid in relation to the menu tree;
receiving by the computing device real time order fill information corresponding to a plurality of buy and sell orders placed by the group of traders from the at least one electronic exchange;
computing by the computing device trader-related risk information for the plurality of data nodes based on the real time order fill information; and
displaying by the computing device the computed trader-related risk information in the display cells of the display grid based on the mapping of the data nodes to the display cells.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of data nodes is arranged according to a rank from highest to lowest rank.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving by the computing device a command to add a new data node to the plurality of data nodes, wherein the new data node is mapped to a different display cell than the plurality of data nodes;
computing by the computing device trader-related risk information for the new data node based on the real time order fill information; and
displaying by the computing device the computed trader-related risk information for the new node in a display cell of the display grid based on the mapping of the new data node to the display cell.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of data nodes comprises a net position.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the trader-related risk information is displayed using number values.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the trader-related risk information is displayed using graphical bars.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting by the computing device in response to a command a change within the group of traders indicating that a new data node is needed;
adding by the computing device the new data node to the menu tree in response to detecting the change, wherein the new data node is mapped to a different display cell than the plurality of data nodes; and
displaying by the computing device the trader-related risk information corresponding to the new data node in a display cell of the display grid based on the mapping of the new data node to the display cell.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting by the computing device in response to a command a change within the group of traders indicating that a data node is no longer needed;
removing by the computing device the unneeded data node from the menu tree in response to detecting the change; and
removing by the computing device the display cell of the display grid to which the unneeded data node is mapped.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving by the computing device a command from a user input device to select a data node in the menu tree and move the selected data node to a new location in the menu tree;
updating the mapping of the data nodes to the display cells based on the new location of the selected data node in the menu tree; and
displaying by the computing device the computed trader-related risk information in the display cells of the display grid based on the updated mapping of the data nodes to the display cells.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the command is a drag-and-drop command.

11. The method of claim 2, wherein a data node of a first highest rank is associated with an account, wherein a data node of a second highest rank is associated with a trader who is trading on the account, and wherein a data node of a third highest rank is associated with a tradeable object being traded by the trader on the account.

12. The method of claim 2, wherein a data node of a first highest rank is associated with an electronic exchange, wherein a data node of a second highest rank is associated with a trader who is trading at the electronic exchange, wherein a data node of a third highest rank is associated with an account for which the trader is trading on at the electronic exchange, and wherein a data node of a fourth highest rank is associated with a tradeable object being traded by the trader on the account at the electronic exchange.

13. The method of claim 2, wherein each of the plurality of data nodes comprises a particular value, and wherein a data node of a highest rank comprises a summation of the particular value for each data node under the data node of the highest rank.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the particular value is a profit and loss value.