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[Congressional Bills 112th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2219 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

112th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 2219

   To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to provide for 
      additional disclosure requirements for corporations, labor 
 organizations, Super PACs and other entities, and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             March 21, 2012

Mr. Whitehouse (for himself, Mr. Franken, Mr. Schumer, Mr. Bennet, Mr. 
Merkley, Mrs. Shaheen, Mr. Udall of New Mexico, Mr. Wyden, Mr. Sanders, 
   Mr. Begich, Mrs. Murray, Mr. Menendez, Mr. Levin, Mr. Kerry, Mr. 
    Bingaman, Mrs. Boxer, Mr. Harkin, Mr. Leahy, Ms. Stabenow, Mr. 
Rockefeller, Mrs. Gillibrand, Mr. Reed, Mr. Blumenthal, Mr. Durbin, Ms. 
 Klobuchar, Mr. Coons, Mr. Cardin, Mr. Udall of Colorado, Mr. Brown of 
 Ohio, Mr. Webb, Mr. Conrad, Mrs. McCaskill, Mr. Casey, Mr. Akaka, Mr. 
Lautenberg, Mrs. Feinstein, and Ms. Landrieu) introduced the following 
 bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Rules and 
                             Administration

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
   To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to provide for 
      additional disclosure requirements for corporations, labor 
 organizations, Super PACs and other entities, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Democracy Is Strengthened by Casting 
Light On Spending in Elections Act of 2012'' or the ``DISCLOSE Act of 
2012''.

SEC. 2. CAMPAIGN DISBURSEMENT REPORTING.

    (a) Information Required To Be Reported.--
            (1) Treatment of functional equivalent of express advocacy 
        as independent expenditure.--Subparagraph (A) of section 
        301(17) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
        431(17)) is amended to read as follows:
                    ``(A) that expressly advocates the election or 
                defeat of a clearly identified candidate, or is the 
                functional equivalent of express advocacy because, when 
                taken as a whole, it can be interpreted by a reasonable 
                person only as advocating the election or defeat of a 
                candidate, taking into account whether the 
                communication involved mentions a candidacy, a 
                political party, or a challenger to a candidate, or 
                takes a position on a candidate's character, 
                qualifications, or fitness for office; and''.
            (2) Expansion of period during which communications are 
        treated as electioneering communications.--Section 
        304(f)(3)(A)(i) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 434(f)(3)(A)(i)) is 
        amended--
                    (A) by redesignating subclause (III) as subclause 
                (IV); and
                    (B) by striking subclause (II) and inserting the 
                following:
                                    ``(II) in the case of a 
                                communication which refers to a 
                                candidate for an office other than the 
                                President or Vice President, is made 
                                during the period beginning on January 
                                1 of the calendar year in which a 
                                general or runoff election is held and 
                                ending on the date of the general or 
                                runoff election (or in the case of a 
                                special election, during the period 
                                beginning on the date on which the 
                                announcement with respect to such 
                                election is made and ending on the date 
                                of the special election);
                                    ``(III) in the case of a 
                                communication which refers to a 
                                candidate for the office of President 
                                or Vice President, is made in any State 
                                during the period beginning 120 days 
                                before the first primary election, 
                                caucus, or preference election held for 
                                the selection of delegates to a 
                                national nominating convention of a 
                                political party is held in any State 
                                (or, if no such election or caucus is 
                                held in any State, the first convention 
                                or caucus of a political party which 
                                has the authority to nominate a 
                                candidate for the office of President 
                                or Vice President) and ending on the 
                                date of the general election; and''.
            (3) Effective date; transition for electioneering 
        communications made prior to enactment.--The amendment made by 
        paragraph (2) shall apply with respect to communications made 
        on or after July 1, 2012, except that no communication which is 
        made prior to such date shall be treated as an electioneering 
        communication under subclause (II) or (III) of section 
        304(f)(3)(A)(i) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
        (as amended by paragraph (2)) unless the communication would be 
        treated as an electioneering communication under such section 
        if the amendment made by paragraph (2) did not apply.
    (b) Disclosure Requirements for Corporations, Labor Organizations, 
and Certain Other Entities.--
            (1) In general.--Section 324 of the Federal Election 
        Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441k) is amended to read as 
        follows:

``SEC. 324. DISCLOSURE OF CAMPAIGN-RELATED DISBURSEMENTS BY COVERED 
              ORGANIZATIONS.

    ``(a) Disclosure Statement.--
            ``(1) In general.--Any covered organization that makes 
        campaign-related disbursements aggregating more than $10,000 in 
        an election reporting cycle shall, not later than 24 hours 
        after each disclosure date, file a statement with the 
        Commission made under penalty of perjury that contains the 
        information described in paragraph (2)--
                    ``(A) in the case of the first statement filed 
                under this subsection, for the period beginning on the 
                first day of the election reporting cycle and ending on 
                the first such disclosure date; and
                    ``(B) in the case of any subsequent statement filed 
                under this subsection, for the period beginning on the 
                previous disclosure date and ending on such disclosure 
                date.
            ``(2) Information described.--The information described in 
        this paragraph is as follows:
                    ``(A) The name of the covered organization and the 
                principal place of business of such organization.
                    ``(B) The amount of each campaign-related 
                disbursement made by such organization during the 
                period covered by the statement of more than $1,000, 
                and the name and address of the person to whom the 
                disbursement was made.
                    ``(C) In the case of a campaign-related 
                disbursement that is not a covered transfer, the 
                election to which the campaign-related disbursement 
                pertains and if the disbursement is made for a public 
                communication, the name of any candidate identified in 
                such communication and whether such communication is in 
                support of or in opposition to a candidate.
                    ``(D) A certification by the chief executive 
                officer or person who is the head of the covered 
                organization that the campaign-related disbursement is 
                not made in cooperation, consultation, or concert with 
                or at the request or suggestion of a candidate, 
                authorized committee, or agent of a candidate, 
                political party, or agent of a political party.
                    ``(E) If the covered organization makes campaign-
                related disbursements using exclusively funds in a 
                segregated bank account consisting of funds that were 
                paid directly to such account by persons other than the 
                covered organization that controls the account, for 
                each such payment to the account--
                            ``(i) the name and address of each person 
                        who made such payment during the period covered 
                        by the statement;
                            ``(ii) the date and amount of such payment; 
                        and
                            ``(iii) the aggregate amount of all such 
                        payments made by the person during the period 
                        beginning on the first day of the election 
                        reporting cycle and ending on the disclosure 
                        date;
                but only if such payment was made by a person who made 
                payments to the account in an aggregate amount of 
                $10,000 or more during the period beginning on the 
                first day of the election reporting cycle and ending on 
                the disclosure date.
                    ``(F) If the covered organization makes campaign-
                related disbursements using funds other than funds in a 
                segregated bank account described in subparagraph (E), 
                for each payment to the covered organization--
                            ``(i) the name and address of each person 
                        who made such payment during the period covered 
                        by the statement;
                            ``(ii) the date and amount of such payment; 
                        and
                            ``(iii) the aggregate amount of all such 
                        payments made by the person during the period 
                        beginning on the first day of the election 
                        reporting cycle and ending on the disclosure 
                        date;
                but only if such payment was made by a person who made 
                payments to the covered organization in an aggregate 
                amount of $10,000 or more during the period beginning 
                on the first day of the election reporting cycle and 
                ending on the disclosure date.
                    ``(G) Such other information as required in rules 
                established by the Commission to promote the purposes 
                of this section.
            ``(3) Exceptions.--
                    ``(A) Amounts received in ordinary course of 
                business.--The requirement to include in a statement 
                filed under paragraph (1) the information described in 
                paragraph (2) shall not apply to amounts received by 
                the covered organization in commercial transactions in 
                the ordinary course of any trade or business conducted 
                by the covered organization or in the form of 
                investments (other than investments by the principal 
                shareholder in a limited liability corporation) in the 
                covered organization.
                    ``(B) Donor restriction on use of funds.--The 
                requirement to include in a statement submitted under 
                paragraph (1) the information described in subparagraph 
                (F) of paragraph (2) shall not apply if--
                            ``(i) the person described in such 
                        subparagraph prohibited, in writing, the use of 
                        the payment made by such person for campaign-
                        related disbursements; and
                            ``(ii) the covered organization agreed to 
                        follow the prohibition and deposited the 
                        payment in an account which is segregated from 
                        any account used to make campaign-related 
                        disbursements.
                    ``(C) Amounts received from affiliates.--The 
                requirement to include in a statement submitted under 
                paragraph (1) the information described in subparagraph 
                (F) of paragraph (2) shall not apply to any amount 
                which is described in subsection (f)(3)(A)(i).
            ``(4) Other definitions.--For purposes of this section:
                    ``(A) Disclosure date.--The term `disclosure date' 
                means--
                            ``(i) the first date during any election 
                        reporting cycle by which a person has made 
                        campaign-related disbursements aggregating more 
                        than $10,000; and
                            ``(ii) any other date during such election 
                        reporting cycle by which a person has made 
                        campaign-related disbursements aggregating more 
                        than $10,000 since the most recent disclosure 
                        date for such election reporting cycle.
                    ``(B) Election reporting cycle.--The term `election 
                reporting cycle' means the 2-year period beginning on 
                the date of the most recent general election for 
                Federal office.
                    ``(C) Payment.--The term `payment' includes any 
                contribution, donation, transfer, payment of dues, or 
                other payment.
    ``(b) Coordination With Other Provisions.--
            ``(1) Other reports filed with the commission.--Information 
        included in a statement filed under this section may be 
        excluded from statements and reports filed under section 304.
            ``(2) Treatment as separate segregated fund.--A segregated 
        bank account referred to in subsection (a)(2)(E) may be treated 
        as a separate segregated fund for purposes of section 527(f)(3) 
        of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
    ``(c) Filing.--Statements required to be filed under subsection (a) 
shall be subject to the requirements of section 304(d) to the same 
extent and in the same manner as if such reports had been required 
under subsection (c) or (g) of section 304.
    ``(d) Campaign-Related Disbursement Defined.--In this section, the 
term `campaign-related disbursement' means a disbursement by a covered 
organization for any of the following:
            ``(1) An independent expenditure consisting of a public 
        communication.
            ``(2) An electioneering communication, as defined in 
        section 304(f)(3).
            ``(3) A covered transfer.
    ``(e) Covered Organization Defined.--In this section, the term 
`covered organization' means any of the following:
            ``(1) A corporation (other than an organization described 
        in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986).
            ``(2) An organization described in section 501(c) of such 
        Code and exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such Code 
        (other than an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of 
        such Code).
            ``(3) A labor organization (as defined in section 316(b)).
            ``(4) Any political organization under section 527 of the 
        Internal Revenue Code of 1986, other than a political committee 
        under this Act.
    ``(f) Covered Transfer Defined.--
            ``(1) In general.--In this section, the term `covered 
        transfer' means any transfer or payment of funds by a covered 
        organization to another person if the covered organization--
                    ``(A) designates, requests, or suggests that the 
                amounts be used for--
                            ``(i) campaign-related disbursements (other 
                        than covered transfers); or
                            ``(ii) making a transfer to another person 
                        for the purpose of making or paying for such 
                        campaign-related disbursements;
                    ``(B) made such transfer or payment in response to 
                a solicitation or other request for a donation or 
                payment for--
                            ``(i) the making of or paying for campaign-
                        related disbursements (other than covered 
                        transfers); or
                            ``(ii) making a transfer to another person 
                        for the purpose of making or paying for such 
                        campaign-related disbursements;
                    ``(C) engaged in discussions with the recipient of 
                the transfer or payment regarding--
                            ``(i) the making of or paying for campaign-
                        related disbursements (other than covered 
                        transfers); or
                            ``(ii) donating or transferring any amount 
                        of such transfer or payment to another person 
                        for the purpose of making or paying for such 
                        campaign-related disbursements;
                    ``(D) made campaign-related disbursements (other 
                than a covered transfer) in an aggregate amount of 
                $50,000 or more during the 2-year period ending on the 
                date of the transfer or payment, or knew or had reason 
                to know that the person receiving the transfer or 
                payment made such disbursements in such an aggregate 
                amount during that 2-year period; or
                    ``(E) knew or had reason to know that the person 
                receiving the transfer or payment would make campaign-
                related disbursements in an aggregate amount of $50,000 
                or more during the 2-year period beginning on the date 
                of the transfer or payment.
            ``(2) Exclusions.--The term `covered transfer' does not 
        include any of the following:
                    ``(A) A disbursement made by a covered organization 
                in a commercial transaction in the ordinary course of 
                any trade or business conducted by the covered 
                organization or in the form of investments made by the 
                covered organization.
                    ``(B) A disbursement made by a covered organization 
                if--
                            ``(i) the covered organization prohibited, 
                        in writing, the use of such disbursement for 
                        campaign-related disbursements; and
                            ``(ii) the recipient of the disbursement 
                        agreed to follow the prohibition and deposited 
                        the disbursement in an account which is 
                        segregated from any account used to make 
                        campaign-related disbursements.
            ``(3) Exception for certain transfers among affiliates.--
                    ``(A) Exception for certain transfers among 
                affiliates.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The term `covered 
                        transfer' does not include an amount 
                        transferred by one covered organization to 
                        another covered organization if such transfer--
                                    ``(I) is not made directly into a 
                                separate segregated bank account 
                                described in subsection (a)(2)(E), and
                                    ``(II) is treated as a transfer 
                                between affiliates under subparagraph 
                                (B).
                            ``(ii) Special rule.--If the aggregate 
                        amount of transfers described in clause (i) 
                        exceeds $50,000 in any election reporting 
                        cycle--
                                    ``(I) the covered organization 
                                which makes such transfers shall 
                                provide to the covered organization 
                                receiving such transfers the 
                                information required under subsection 
                                (a)(2)(F) (applied by substituting `the 
                                period beginning on the first day of 
                                the election reporting cycle and ending 
                                on the date of the most recent transfer 
                                described in subsection (f)(3)(A)(i)' 
                                for `the period covered by the 
                                statement' in clause (i) thereof); and
                                    ``(II) the covered organization 
                                receiving such transfers shall report 
                                the information described in subclause 
                                (I) on any statement filed under 
                                subsection (a)(1) as if any 
                                contribution, donation, or transfer to 
                                which such information relates was made 
                                directly to the covered organization 
                                receiving the transfer.
                    ``(B) Description of transfers between 
                affiliates.--A transfer of amounts from one covered 
                organization to another covered organization shall be 
                treated as a transfer between affiliates if--
                            ``(i) one of the organizations is an 
                        affiliate of the other organization; or
                            ``(ii) each of the organizations is an 
                        affiliate of the same organization;
                except that the transfer shall not be treated as a 
                transfer between affiliates if one of the organizations 
                is established for the purpose of making campaign-
                related disbursements.
                    ``(C) Determination of affiliate status.--For 
                purposes of this paragraph, the following organizations 
                shall be considered to be affiliated with each other:
                            ``(i) A membership organization, including 
                        a trade or professional association, and the 
                        related State and local entities of that 
                        organization.
                            ``(ii) A national or international labor 
                        organization and its State or local unions, or 
                        an organization of national or international 
                        unions and its State and local entities.
                            ``(iii) A corporation and its wholly owned 
                        subsidiaries.
                    ``(D) Coverage of transfers to affiliated section 
                501(c)(3) organizations.--This paragraph shall apply 
                with respect to an amount transferred by a covered 
                organization to an organization described in paragraph 
                (3) of section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 
                1986 and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such 
                Code in the same manner as this paragraph applies to an 
                amount transferred by a covered organization to another 
                covered organization.''.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--Section 304(f)(6) of such Act (2 
        U.S.C. 434) is amended by striking ``Any requirement'' and 
        inserting ``Except as provided in section 324(b), any 
        requirement''.

SEC. 3. STAND BY YOUR AD.

    (a) Disclaimer Requirements To Include Functional Equivalent of 
Express Advocacy.--Section 318(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441d(a)) is amended by striking ``for the purpose of 
financing communications expressly advocating the election or defeat of 
a clearly identified candidate'' and inserting ``for the purpose of 
financing public communications which are described in section 
301(17)(A)''.
    (b) Stand by Your Ad Requirements.--
            (1) Maintenance of requirements for political parties and 
        certain political committees.--Section 318(d)(2) of such Act (2 
        U.S.C. 441d(d)(2)) is amended--
                    (A) in the heading, by striking ``Others'' and 
                inserting ``certain political committees'';
                    (B) by inserting ``which (except to the extent 
                provided in the last sentence of this paragraph) is 
                paid for by a political committee (including a 
                political committee of a political party) and'' after 
                ``subsection (a)'';
                    (C) by striking ``or other person'' each place it 
                appears; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following: ``This 
                paragraph does not apply to a communication paid for in 
                whole or in part with a payment which is treated as a 
                campaign-related disbursement under section 324 and 
                with respect to which a covered organization is 
                required to file a statement under such section.''.
            (2) Special disclaimer requirements for certain 
        communications.--Section 318 of such Act (2 U.S.C. 441d) is 
        amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(e) Communications by Others.--
            ``(1) In general.--Any communication described in paragraph 
        (3) of subsection (a) which is transmitted through radio or 
        television (other than a communication to which subsection 
        (d)(2) applies) shall include, in addition to the requirements 
        of such paragraph, the following:
                    ``(A) The individual disclosure statement described 
                in paragraph (2)(A) (if the person paying for the 
                communication is an individual) or the organizational 
                disclosure statement described in paragraph (2)(B) (if 
                the person paying for the communication is not an 
                individual).
                    ``(B) If the communication is transmitted through 
                television and is paid for in whole or in part with a 
                payment which is treated as a campaign-related 
                disbursement under section 324, the Top Five Funders 
                list (if applicable).
                    ``(C) If the communication is transmitted through 
                radio and is paid for in whole or in part with a 
                payment which is treated as a campaign-related 
                disbursement under section 324, the Top Two Funders 
                list (if applicable), unless, on the basis of criteria 
                established in regulations issued by the Commission, 
                the communication is of such short duration that 
                including the Top Two Funders list in the communication 
                would constitute a hardship to the person paying for 
                the communication by requiring a disproportionate 
                amount of the content of the communication to consist 
                of the Top Two Funders list.
            ``(2) Disclosure statements described.--
                    ``(A) Individual disclosure statements.--The 
                individual disclosure statement described in this 
                subparagraph is the following: `I am ________, and I 
                approve this message.', with the blank filled in with 
                the name of the applicable individual.
                    ``(B) Organizational disclosure statements.--The 
                organizational disclosure statement described in this 
                subparagraph is the following: `I am ________, the 
                ________ of ________, and ________ approves this 
                message.', with--
                            ``(i) the first blank to be filled in with 
                        the name of the applicable individual;
                            ``(ii) the second blank to be filled in 
                        with the title of the applicable individual; 
                        and
                            ``(iii) the third and fourth blank each to 
                        be filled in with the name of the organization 
                        or other person paying for the communication.
            ``(3) Method of conveyance of statement.--
                    ``(A) Communications transmitted through radio.--In 
                the case of a communication to which this subsection 
                applies which is transmitted through radio, the 
                disclosure statements required under paragraph (1) 
                shall be made by audio by the applicable individual in 
                a clearly spoken manner.
                    ``(B) Communications transmitted through 
                television.--In the case of a communication to which 
                this subsection applies which is transmitted through 
                television, the information required under paragraph 
                (1)--
                            ``(i) shall appear in writing at the end of 
                        the communication or in a crawl along the 
                        bottom of the communication in a clearly 
                        readable manner, with a reasonable degree of 
                        color contrast between the background and the 
                        printed statement, for a period of at least 6 
                        seconds; and
                            ``(ii) shall also be conveyed by an 
                        unobscured, full-screen view of the applicable 
                        individual or by the applicable individual 
                        making the statement in voice-over accompanied 
                        by a clearly identifiable photograph or similar 
                        image of the individual, except in the case of 
                        a Top Five Funders list.
            ``(4) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Applicable individual.--The term `applicable 
                individual' means, with respect to a communication to 
                which this subsection applies--
                            ``(i) if the communication is paid for by 
                        an individual, the individual involved;
                            ``(ii) if the communication is paid for by 
                        a corporation, the chief executive officer of 
                        the corporation (or, if the corporation does 
                        not have a chief executive officer, the highest 
                        ranking official of the corporation);
                            ``(iii) if the communication is paid for by 
                        a labor organization, the highest ranking 
                        officer of the labor organization; and
                            ``(iv) if the communication is paid for by 
                        any other person, the highest ranking official 
                        of such person.
                    ``(B) Covered organization and campaign-related 
                disbursement.--The terms `campaign-related 
                disbursement' and `covered organization' have the 
                meaning given such terms in section 324.
                    ``(C) Top five funders list.--The term `Top Five 
                Funders list' means, with respect to a communication 
                paid for in whole or in part with a payment which is 
                treated as a campaign-related disbursement under 
                section 324, a list of the 5 persons who provided the 
                largest payments of any type which--
                            ``(i) are in an aggregate amount equal to 
                        or exceeding $10,000 for the period beginning 
                        on the first day of the election reporting 
                        cycle (as defined in section 324) and ending on 
                        the date of such communication, and
                            ``(ii) are required to be included in the 
                        reports filed by a covered organization under 
                        section 324(a).
                If 2 or more people provided the fifth largest of such 
                payments, the covered organization involved shall 
                select one of those persons to be included on the Top 
                Five Funders list.
                    ``(D) Top two funders list.--The term `Top Two 
                Funders list' means, with respect to a communication 
                paid for in whole or in part with a payment which is 
                treated as a campaign-related disbursement under 
                section 324, a list of the persons who provided the 
                largest and the second largest payments of any type 
                which--
                            ``(i) are in an aggregate amount equal to 
                        or exceeding $10,000 for the period beginning 
                        on the first day of the election reporting 
                        cycle (as defined in section 324) and ending on 
                        the date of such communication, and
                            ``(ii) are required to be included in the 
                        reports filed by a covered organization under 
                        section 324(a).
                If 2 or more persons provided the second largest of 
                such payments, the covered organization involved shall 
                select one of those persons to be included on the Top 
                Two Funders list.''.

SEC. 4. APPLICATION OF DISCLOSURE AND DISCLAIMER RULES TO SUPER PACS.

    (a) In General.--Subsection (e) of section 324 of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441k), as amended by section 2, 
is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(5) A political committee with an account established for 
        the purpose of accepting donations or contributions that do not 
        comply with the contribution limits or source prohibitions 
        under this Act, but only with respect to the accounts 
        established for such purpose.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Paragraph (4) of section 324(e) of such 
Act (2 U.S.C. 441k), as amended by section 2, is amended by inserting 
``(except as provided in paragraph (5))'' before the period at the end.

SEC. 5. SEVERABILITY.

    If any provision of this Act or amendment made by this Act, or the 
application of a provision or amendment to any person or circumstance, 
is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of this Act and 
amendments made by this Act, and the application of the provisions and 
amendment to any person or circumstance, shall not be affected by the 
holding.

SEC. 6. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    Except as provided in section 2(a)(3), the amendments made by this 
Act shall apply with respects to disbursements made on or after July 1, 
2012, and shall take effect without regard to whether or not the 
Federal Election Commission has promulgated regulations to carry out 
such amendments.
                                 <all>
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