18. Raja ocellata Mitchill 1815 Winter skate

Reported from Nahant by Garman (1874). Said to be taken in
larger numbers in winter than summer in Massachusetts Bay
(Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 65). A male from Nahant (MCZ 352 S)
is illustrated in Bigelow & Schroeder (1953b: fig. 52). Reported
from 3 BIOME stations at depths of 40-50 m (Table).

USNM 123199 (2 juveniles and 1 tail) Gloucester; Fish. Comm.;
1878.

MCZ - 248 S, 352 S, 353 S, 354 S, 355 S (9, 545-880 mm TL)
Nahant; L. Agassiz; 1862. 918 S (egg case) Massachusetts Bay.

MSI (female, 830 mm TL) Nahant, off Ocean St., 7 m, gill net; 9
April 1981. .

19. Raja laevis Mitchill 1817 Barndoor skate

Known from various localities in Massachusetts Bay (Bigelow &
Schroeder 1953a: 63). Garman (1913) described R. stabuliforis
from Cohasset and Nahant based on specimens of this species. A
syntypic female (MCZ 1138 S) from Nahant was illustrated (pl. 22,
fig. 2) as part of the original description.

MCZ - 3 S (neurocranium and spinal cord) Nahant, L. Agassiz;
Sept. 1862. 368 S (2, 108-120 cm TL) Mass. 1138 S (female, 122
cm TL) Nahant; L. Agassiz.

20. Raja radiata Donovan 1808 Thorny skate

Noted from Nahant (Garman 1874), Gloucester and Salem (Kendall
1908: 12) and Ipswich Bay (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 73).
Garman (1913) described R. scabrata from Nahant based on
specimens of this species including MCZ 254 S (mentioned in text)
and 1139 S§ (illustrated in pl. 21, fig. 2). A male (MCZ 249 S)
and a female (MCZ 1139 S) from Nahant were illustrated by Bigelow
& Schroeder (1953b; figs. 55 & 56). A total of 126 specimens
were taken at 31 BIOME stations at depths of 34-88 m (Table 1).

USNM - 24360 (1, 115 mm TL) Provincetown; Fish. Comm.; 1879.
31577 (male, 200 mm TL) Race Point .Lighthouse; Fish Hawk 1085;
1882. 33065 (male, 165 mm TL) Mass. Bay; Fish. Comm.

MCZ - 249 S, 251 S, 252 S, 254 S, 356 S, 357 S, 1139 S, 1140 S,

1141 S (16, 440-830 mm TL) Nahant; L. Agassiz; 1862-1866. 51891
(egg case) Gloucester Harbor; R. Garland.

10


MCZ - 11741-2 (2, 58-69) Nahant; Agassiz. 36048 (43, 76-137

Charles R.; 1848. 36043 (1, 215) Gloucester. 36044 (1, 165) and
36052 (1, 107) Cohasset; H.B. Bigelow. 36050 (6, 145-190) Salem
Mill Pond; Essex Inst.; 1859. 36054. (1,-79) Duxbury. 36058 (1,
170) Chelsea; Agassiz. 56405 (2, 94-110) Nahant, sand flats
behind pharmacy; B.B. Collette 1665; Aug. 1978.. 57902 (1, 225)
Nahant, East Point; B.B. Collette; 28 Aug. 1980.

UMMZ - 140517 (2, 122-124) Saugus River mouth; C.L. and L.C.
Hubbs 28-25; 8 June 1928. 140647 (3, 75-167) Lynn Harbor at
Nahant; C.L. & L.C. Hubbs 28-55; Aug. 1928.

ANSP 836 (1, 121) Boston Harbor; T. Nuttall.

MSI - 2 collections (3, 110-111) Nahant, East Point; 1972-1974.
(3, 42-222) Nahant, grass flats near pharmacy; B.B. Collette
1778; 19 July 1983.

Moronidae

66. Morone americana (Gmelin 1789) White perch

There are early reports from mouths of rivers and ponds near
Boston (Storer 1853a), Floating Bridge Pond, Salem and Flax Pond,
Lynn (Goode & Bean 1879a: 20), and from Fresh Pond, Cambridge
(Kendall 1908: 97, based on BSNH specimens). According to Storer
(1853a: 10), white perch were brought to the Boston market in the
spring and autumn from the mouths of nearby rivers. Bigelow &
Schroeder (1953a: 406) had heard only vaguely of them in Duxbury
Bay, and in the North and South rivers in Marshfield, but
reported them from salt creeks about Cohasset in the summer of
1950. A mature female (140 mm) was trawled in the lower Mystic
River (Haedrich & Haedrich 1974: 64).

MCZ 56505 (1, 49) and 56506 (2, 155-162) Charles River Basin;
K.E. Hartel 79-29 and 79-1; Aug. 1979.

67. Morone saxatilis (Walbaum 1792) Striped bass

There are early reports from Chelsea, Nantasket, and Boston
(Storer 1839) and it was considered "a common resident,
penetrating far up the larger rivers" (Goode & Bean 1879a: 19-
20). Storer (1853a) reported 36-1b and 77-lb individuals taken
from a bridge over the Charles River. Reported from the
following localities along the coast of Massachusetts Bay:
Plymouth Harbor, especially off Eel Cr.; Duxbury Bay; North and
South rivers in Marshfield; Scituate; Cohasset; Boston Harbor;
Hull Gut; Weir R., Hingham; and Wollaston Beach (Bigelow &
Schroeder 1953a: 396). One specimen each was taken at 2 Quincy
Bay stations, Long Island, Boston and Wollaston Beach, Quincy
(Jerome et al. 1966: 33). There is a sport fishery for striped
bass from spring to fall near the mouth of the North River (Fiske

31


Gloucester, Pavillion Beach; Grampus; 29 July 1895.

MCZ - 18191 (5, 89-96) Boston Harbor; 1859. 18215 (4, 90-125)
Dorchester. 18217 (6, 53-58) North Danvers; Essex Inst.; 1858.
18218 (1, 92) Chelsea Beach. 18226 (2, 71-83) Aquarial Gardens;
1859. 36339 (2, 66-77) Gloucester; H.B. Bigelow; 1913. 41024 (28,
18-99) Annisquam; ex. BSNH 1171. 52750 (30, 43-69) Cohasset;
K.E. Hartel; 14 Aug. 1977. 56408 (489, 18-77) Nahant, sand flats
near pharmacy; B.B. Collette 1669; 24 Aug. 1978.

UMMZ - 140540 (1, 79) Scituate; C.L. & L.C. Hubbs 28-32; 17 June
1928. 140644 (5, 50-59) Lynn Harbor at Nahant; C.L. and L.C.
Hubbs 28-55; Aug. 1928.

Zeidae

58. Zenopsis conchifera (Lowe 1852) Buckler dory

Storer (1858b) described this species as Zeus ocellatus based on
a specimen from Provincetown originally deposited at BSNH. We
have been unable to locate Storer's type. Bigelow & Schroeder
(1953a: 299) reported it from off Cape Ann and in Cape Cod Bay.
We have no recent specimens, but J.D. Kaylor (pers. comm.)
informed us of the capture of one small specimen in Ipswich Bay
in November of 1984 by the F.V. Maria Rosa; the specimen was
lost.

MCZ - 36658 (1, 116) 25 mi E of Cape Ann, Mass., 75 fm; July
1948. 37541 (1, 220) Cape Cod Bay, 10 mi NE Canal breakwater; 18
fm; dragger Santina; 7 July 1952.

Gasterosteidae

59. Apeltes quadracus (Mitchill 1815) Fourspine stickleback

There are early reports from Salem (Storer 1839; Putnam 1856b;
Goode & Bean 1879a) and Annisquam (Kendall 1908; 63-64 based on
BSNH specimens). Common along the shores of the Gulf of Maine in
estuarine situations (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a; 312). Ranked
4th (177 specimens) in abundance of 12 species found at 4 shore
stations in Quincy Bay (Jerome et al. 1966: 31). Found at 2 of 6
stations in the North River (Fiske et al. 1966: 17-18). Found
at 2 of 6 shore stations in Beverly-Salem Harbor where it ranked
6th (75 specimens) in overall abundance of 15 species (Jerome et
al. 1967: 34). Taken at 2 of 7 shore stations in the Annisquam
River-Gloucester Harbor area and ranked 9th (10 specimens) in
abundance of the 16 species taken (Jerome et al. 1969: 24, 33).
Found at 3 of 5 shore stations in the Lynn-Saugus Harbor area and
ranked 14th (13 specimens) in abundance of the 32 species taken
(Chesmore et al. 1972: 18-20). Ranked 4th (5,939 specimens) of
40 species from Salem Harbor (Anderson et al. 1975: 17).

27


Sparidae

82. Stenotomus chrysops (Linnaeus 1766) . Scup

The first reports of this species north of Cape Cod are from
Nahant by Storer (1839, 1853b). Storer believed that its
presence in Massachusetts Bay may have been due to introduction.
He stated the following: "In the year 1834 or 1835, Captain
William C. Downes, of Holmes's Hole, carried a smack-load of this
species from the Vineyard Sound, and threw them overboard in
Plymouth Harbor...Mr. James Newcomb, fishmonger in the- Boston
Market, informs me that in the year 1831 or 1832 a smack-load of
scapaugs arrived in Boston Harbor. A portion of them were
purchased by subscription among the fishermen in the market, and
thrown into the harbor. The next season two specimens were
caught from our wharves; in the summer of 1835, one individual
was taken at Nahant, and was considered a very strange fish, no
specimen having been know to have been seen there before; in
1836, still another was captured at Nahant. As no specimen had
ever been taken so far north before, and as the few taken would
lead to the inference that those which had been transplanted from
Buzzard's Bay had not bred in the cold waters of this portion of
Massachusetts Bay, we are led to believe that individuals taken
immediately around Boston were of the number of those originally
brought from the South." (Storer 1853b: 51). There are
subsequent records from Cohasset Narrows and Swampscott (Kendall
1908: 103, based on BSNH specimens). Bean (1880: 95) listed USNM
21436 from Cohasset Narrows as being distributed to another
institution. Also reported from Thatchers Island (Goode 1884)
and there is a recent Cat Cove specimen from there. © Lawton et
al. (1984: 201, 203-204) reported 245 specimens taken by otter
trawl and several by gill net from near the Pilgrim Nuclear Power
Station at Plymouth in western Cape Cod Bay.

USNM, MCZ, ANSP, UMMZ & MSI - 0.
MDMF Cat Cove 38 (1, 89) Rockport, Thatchers I.; 8 Oct. 1963.

Sciaenidae

83. Cynoscion regalis (Bloch & Schneider 1801) : Weakfish

The earliest record of this species is from the weir at Milk
Island, Cape Ann (Goode & Bean 1879a: 17). Kendall (1908: 105)
reported it from Massachusetts Bay (BSNH specimen). Only during
periods of great abundance has it appeared in any numbers in Cape
Cod and Massachusetts bays; in 1906, 369 lbs. were reported from
Nahant (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 421)... Eggs or larvae were
reported for June-August in Cape Cod Bay by Scherer (1984: 158).

36


Table 1. Abundance of 43 species of fishes collected in Massachusetts Bay
by the National Marine Fisheries Service at BIOME stations (1975-1977)

No. No. Depth Order of
Species Stations Specimens Range (m) Abundance

Hippog

42 9107 34-91 1
Merluccius bilinearis 44 3471 34-91 2
Glyptocephalus cynoglossus 35 1429 34-91 3
Urophycis chuss 39 1018 34-91 4
Limanda ferruginea 30 803 34-84 5
Ammodytes dubius 12 743 34-88 6
Gadus morhua 39 705 34-91 7
Sebastes fasciatus 28 668 35-91 8
Clupea harengus 22 642 34-86 9
Alosa pseudoharengus 26 597 34-91 10
Lumpenus maculatus 14 484 55-88 ll
Macrozoarces americanus 25 408° 34-84 12
Urophycis tenuis 34 385 34-91 13
Alosa aestivalis 1l 346 34-55 14
Enchelyopus cimbrius 29 226 34-91 15
Melanogrammus aeglefinus 18 197 34-91 16
Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus 16 137 34-79 17
Raja radiata 31 126 34-88 18
Pseudopleuronectes americanus 11 100 34-86 19
Pollachius yvirens 8 71 34-91 20
Lophius americanus 24 67 34-86 21
Hemitripterus americanus 17 65 34-79 22
Scomber scombrus 5 60 34-91 23
Paralichthys oblongus 14 58 40-79 24
Sgualus acanthias 16 51 34-88 25
Aspidophoroides monopterygius 10 27 40-88 26
Lumpenus lampretaeformis 6 23 34-73 27
Peprilus triacanthus 6 17 55-91 28
Tautogolabrus adspersus 10 14 34-84 29
Anarhichas lupus 9 14 34-79 30
Raja senta 9 13 40-88 31
Scophthalmus aquosus 8 13 34-66 32
Artediellus atlanticus 4 10 50-66 33
Alosa sapidissima 3 10 34-43 34
Myxine glutinosa 4 9 55-83 35
Raja ocellata 3 4 40-50 36
Cryptacanthodes maculatus 2 3 50-73 37
Lycenchelys verrillii 2 3 50-83 38
Myoxocephalus aenaeus 1 3 50 39
Brosme brosme 2 2 40-48 30
Raja erinacea 1 1 46 41
Centropristis striata 1 1 66 42
Cyclopterus lumpus 1 1 50 43


leahahatetaieteteatettetated . 1958. A large white shark, Carcharodon
Carcharias, taken in Massachusetts Bay. Copeia 1958 (1):
54-55.

Binney, A. 1844. On the habits of the Orthagoriscus mola, or
short sunfish. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 1: 93.

Cabot, s. 1846. Attendance of horse mackerel (Temnodon
Saltator) in Beverly Harbor. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.

2: 179.

ahaha . 1849. Capture of a nurse or sleeper shark,
Somniosus brevipinna at Nahant. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.
3: 97. :

Casey, J.G. and H.L. Pratt, Jr. 1985. Distribution of the white
shark, Carcharodon carcharias, in the Western North
Atlantic. Mem. Cal. Acad. Sci. 9: (2-14).

Chamberlain, T. 1980. It's a year for halibut stories. Boston
Sunday Globe, Sept. 14, 1980, p. 9.

Chesmore, A.P., D.J. Brown, and R.D. Anderson. 1972. A study of
the marine resources of Lynn-Saugus Harbor. Mass. Div. Mar.
Fish. Monogr. No. 11, 38 pp.

Clayton, G., C. Cole, S. Murawski and J. Parrish. 1976. Common
marine fishes of Massachusetts coastal zone: a literature
review. Pub. No. R-76-16. Inst. Man. Environment, Amherst,
MA, 287 pp.

Collette, B.B. 1986. Resilience of the fish assemblage in New
England tidepools. Fish Bull., U.S. 84(1): 200-204.

Collette, B.B. and J.A. MacPhee, Jr. 1969. First Massachusetts
Bay record of the Arctic shanny Stichaeus punctatus. J.
Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 26: 1375-1377.

Collette, B.B. and J.L. Russo. 1985. Morphology, systematics, and

biology of the Spanish mackerels (Scomberomorus,
Scombridae). Fish. Bull., U.S. 82(4): 545-692.

Elliott, E.M., D. Jimenez, C.O. Anderson, Jr., and D.J. Brown.
1979, Ichthyoplankton abundance and distribution in Beverly-
Salem Harbor, March 1975 through February 1977. Mass. Div.
Mar. Fish., 174 pp.

Fairbanks, R.B. and R.P. Lawton. 1977. Occurrence of large
striped mullet, Mugil cephalus, in Cape Cod Bay,
Massachusetts. Chesapeake Sci. 18(3): 309-310.

Fiske, J.D., C.E. Wetson, and P.G. Coates. 1966. A study of the

marine resources of the North River. Mass. Div. Mar. Fish.
Monogr., No. 3, 53 pp.

64



basis of specimens from Provincetown and specimens taken by the
Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries “off Plymouth" and off
Cape Ann. The junior synonym Cubiceps nigriargenteus Ginsburg
1954 was based on specimens from the Sandwich fish trap on Cape
Cod (including MCZ 37183).

MCZ - 40259 (1, 118) off Provincetown; H. Lyman; 25 Sept. 1958.
40498 (1, 115) Provincetown; C. Mayo III; summer 1959. 66809 (1,
75) off Cape Ann, 42°42'N, 70°42'W, 20-22 m; R/V Gloria Michelle
8792; 11 Sept. 1987.

MDMF Sandwich Lab (1, 104) “off Plymouth"; R/V Francis Elizabeth
Cr. 2, sta. 91; 20 Oct. 1979.

Centrolophidae
108. Hyperoglyphe perciformis (Mitchill 1818) Barrelfish

The only published Gulf of Maine records are from Boston Harbor
(Storer 1846), Salem (Goode & Bean 1879a: 16), Gloucester and
Annisquam (Kendall 1908: 87). Bigelow & Schroeder (1953a: 370)

added no recent records. We have examined 2 specimens (one
deposited at MCZ) taken in the Cape Cod Canal in 1967.

MCZ - 25670 (1, 226) Boston; mid to late 1800's. 56956 (1, 116)
Cape Cod Canal; W.T. Sides; 30 Aug. 1967.

Stromateidae

109. Peprilus triacanthus (Peck 1800) Butterfish

There are early reports of this species from Provincetown and
Boston by Storer (1853b). Goode & Bean (1879a: 16-17) felt that
its occurence was not unusual in the summer and mentioned
specimens from Salem Harbor. Bean (Kendall 1908: 87) reported it
from Gloucester. Anderson et al. (1975: 17) reported 3
specimens from Salem Harbor. Eggs ranked 7th in Beverly-Salem
Harbor, 1.3% of the total, and were present from June to
September at water temperatures of 12-22°C, with a peak in
abundance in August (Elliott et al. 1979: 7-8, 19). Larvae were
found from July to September at water temperatures of 14-22°C and
ranked 22nd in abundance.

USNM - 10776 (1, 97) N. Truro; L.W. True; July 190. 116384 (1,
152) Gloucester Harbor.

MCzZ - 16815 (2, 116-18) Malden; Higgins. 56687 (10, 97-108)
42°34'N, 70°37'W; 38 m; Albatross IV 79-12, sta. 613; 7 Nov.
1979.

MDMF Cat Cove 33 (1, 89) Rockport, Thatcher's I.; 1 Oct. 1963.

46



Scombridae

101. Sarda sarda (Bloch 1793) Atlantic bonito

There are early records from Salem (Putnam 1856c), Lynn and
Nahant (Storer. 1842). Known to have reached Cape Ann in large
numbers in the past as happened in 1876 when 73 were taken one
August day in a weir near Gloucester (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a:
338).

USNM 48907-8 (2, 197-202 mm FL) N. Truro; G.S. Miller, Jr.; July-
Sept. 1880.

MCZ 17080 (1, 257 mm FL) Nahant; L. Agassiz; 1883.

102. Scomber japonicus Houttuyn 1782 Chub mackerel

Reported from Salem (Putnam 1856c), Lynn and Provincetown (Storer
1853b). Described as Scomber dekayi by Storer (1853b). Bigelow
& Schroeder (1953a: 335) caught one at Cohasset in September
1942.

USNM - 89017-8 (2, 415-450 mm FL) Gloucester; Birdseye. 23479,
23480, 23754 (3, 194-214) Provincetown; Fish. Comm.

MCZ 22638 (1, 168 mm FL) Provincetown.

103. Scomber scombrus Linnaeus 1758 Atlantic mackerel

Goode & Bean (1879a: 14-15) reported _that mackerel "visit the
coast of New England yearly in enormous schools, appearing in
Massachusetts Bay in May, where, after spawning, they remain
until October or November". Widely distributed in the entire
Gulf of Maine from July to September (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a:
329, fig. 176). Mackerel are the object of sport and sometimes
commercial fisheries off Quincy Bay (Jerome et al. 1966: 35),
the North River (Fiske et al. 1966: 24), Beverly-Salem Harbor
(Jerome et al. 1967: 37-38), Gloucester Harbor where 200,000 lbs
were taken by the trap fishery in 1966 (Jerome et al. 1969: 36),
and Lynn-Saugus Harbor (Chesmore et al. 1972: 20). Specimens
were taken in the lower Mystic River (Haedrich & Haedrich 1974:
64) and Salem Harbor (Anderson et al. 1975: 17). Eggs ranked
sixth in abundance in Beverly-Salem Harbor, comprising 1.3% of
the total (Elliott et al. 1979: 7-8, 19). Larvae ranked 16th,
0.7% of the total. Eggs were present from May to August, at
water temperatures of 8-20°C. Larvae were taken in June and July
at water temperatures of 12-22°C.

44



MCZ - 13672 (21, 21.4-75.5) Boston Harbor. 13698, 13699, and
25221 (3, 33.3-85.0) Nahant; L. Agassiz. 54734 (114, 24-72)
Nahant, East Point; B.B. Collette 1752; 16 Aug. 1979. About 39
additional MCZ (56000's) collections (277, 26-110) Nahant, East
Point, Dive Beach; S. Norton; 1978-80. 56318 (1, 72) Beverly,
Half-way Rock; S. Norton; 23 July 1979. :

UMMZ - 89260 (18, 30-88) East Point, Nahant; C.L. Hubbs & W.C.
Schroeder, H27-103; 16 Aug. 1927. 140645 (128, 22-92) Lynn
Harbor at Nahant; C.L. & L.C. Hubbs 28-55; Aug. 1928.

MSI - 22 lots (186, 15-105) Nahant, East Point; 1967-1985.

116. Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus Longhorn sculpin
(Mitchill 1815)

A common resident species according to Goode & Bean (1879a: 13)
and Bigelow & Schroeder (1953a: 451). Common at Nahant. Taken
by the MDMF surveys of Quincy Bay (Jerome et al. 1966: 27), the
North River (Fiske et al. 1966: 18), Beverly-Salem Harbor (Jerome
et al. 1967: 24), the Annisquam River-Gloucester Harbor area
(Jerome et al. 1969: 30), and in Lynn-Saugus Harbor (Chesmore et
al. 1972: 20). Ranked 33rd (2 specimens) among 40 species from
Salem Harbor (Anderson et al. 1975: 17). A total of 137
specimens was taken at 16 BIOME stations at depths of 34-79 m
(Table 1).

USNM 89021 (1, 217) Gloucester; C. Birdseye.

MCZ - 14 early lots from Salem, Nahant, Boston Harbor, and
Cohasset. 56279 (2, 250-270) Nahant, East Point, Dive Beach; S.
Norton; 21 Dec. 1978. 56283 (1, 215) Nahant, East Point, Shag
Rocks; 15 m; S. Norton; 29 May 1980. 56695 (11, 54-267)
62°31.21'N, 70°39.00'W; 62.5 m; 8 MaY 1980.

UMMZ - 89258 (1, 106) East Point, Nahant; C.L. Hubbs & W.C.
Schroeder, H27-103; 16 Aug. 1927. 140645 (128, 22-92) Lynn
Harbor at Nahant; C.L. & L.C. Hubbs 28-55; Aug. 1928.

ANSP 12077-8 (2, 94-220) Boston Harbor.

MSI - several lots from Nahant and Beverly Harbor.

117. Myoxocephalus scorpius (Linnaeus 1758) Shorthorn sculpin

There are early records from Nahant and Boston (Storer 1839),
Chelsea (Girard 1850), Salem and Gloucester (Kendall 1908: 123).
Although considered a very common resident of the bays,
particularly in winter by Goode & Bean (1879a: 13), this is the
least common sculpin around Nahant. Common all around the entire
coastline of the Gulf of Maine (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 448).
Taken in Mill River, tributary of the Annisquam River (Jerome et

50



Bothidae

125. Paralichthys oblongus (Mitchill 1815) Fourspot flounder

Not common north of Cape Cod. Putnam (1870) mentioned two
specimens from Salem Harbor. One individual was trawled by the
U.S. Fish Commission Aug. 15, 1878 in Gloucester Harbor (Goode &
Bean 1879b: 40). Specimens from "off Plymouth" are in the MDMF
lab at Sandwich. This species is plentiful south of Cape Cod
(Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 271). Platessa quadrocellata Storer
1847 was based on a specimen of P. oblongus from Provincetown
(MCZ 35789). Eggs and larvae were reported from Beverly-Salem
Harbor by Elliott et al. (1979: 7-8, 56), ranking 18th (63 eggs,
0.1% of total) and tied for last (1 larva), respectively. A
total of 58 specimens were taken at 14 BIOME stations at depths
of 40-79 m (Table 1).

MCZ 56692 (3, 136-260) 42°06'N, 70°21'W; 58m; R/V Delaware II 80-
02, Sta. 291; 21 April 1980.

MDMF Cat Cove 50 (1, 250) between Gloucester and Nahant; 1964.

126. Scophthalmus aquosus (Mitchill 1814) Windowpane

Reported from Salem Harbor in 1870 and from Gloucester Harbor and
Milk Island in 1878 by Goode & Bean (1879a: 6). Bigelow &
Schroeder (1953a: 294) knew of no other records from
Massachusetts Bay. Recent records from MDMF surveys are more
numerous: 2 of 3 offshore stations in Quincy Bay (Jerome et al.
1966: 27-34); the mouth of the North River (Fiske et al. 1966:
17-20); just inside the entrance to Salem Harbor (Jerome et al.
1967: 36); 2 of 7 offshore stations in the Gloucester Harbor area
for a ranking of 13th of 26 species (Jerome et al. 1969: 31-36);
off Nahant in the entrance to Lynn Harbor (Chesmore et al. 1972:
20, 24); ranked 14th (244 specimens) of 40 species of fishes
taken in Salem Harbor (Anderson et al. 1975: 17); and a young
specimen (33 mm) trawled in the lower Mystic River (Haedrich &
Haedrich 1974: 65). Windowpane eggs ranked fifth in abundance
(6,969 eggs, 2.4% of total) in Beverly-Salem Harbor (Elliott et
al. 1979: 7-8, 45-49). Eggs were found from June to October,
with 4a peak in abundance in July. The average number of eggs per
100 m° per tow was 49-51 in 1976. Larvae were taken from June
through November and comprised 0.7% of all larvae collected.
Eggs and larvae were found at temparatures of 12-22°C Thirteen
specimens were taken at 8 BIOME stations at depths of 34-66 m
(Table 1). :

USNM 154890 (1, 197) Provincetown.
MCZ 49947 (1, 138) "Massachusetts Bay"; ex. BSNH 921.

54



Cryptacanthodidae

97. Cryptacanthodes maculatus Storer 1839 Wrymouth

Three Massachusetts Bay specimens were mentioned in Storer's
original description, including individuals from Boston Harbor
and Nahant. Goode & Bean (1879a: 10) referred to 7 more
collected by the U.S. Fish Commission on the coast of
Massachusetts, plus several from the shores of Essex County. An
albino form was described as C. inornatus by Gill (1863: 332),
based in part on specimens from Marblehead and Swampscott.
Bigelow & Schroeder (1953a: 502) reported the species from outer
Boston Harbor and noted that they had taken its late larvae and
fry in tow nets off Boston Harbor and at other scattered
localities in the Gulf of Maine. Three larvae were reported from
Beverly-Salem Harbor (Elliott et al. 1979: 56).

MCZ - 12655 (2, 500-660 mm TL) Swampscott, Aquarial Gardens;
received 1860. 59345 (1, 660) 42°30'N, 70°38'W; 68.4 m; F/V
Francis Elizabeth Cruise 926, sta. 21; 11 Sept. 1980.

Ammodytidae

98. Ammodytes americanus DeKay 1842 American sand lance

Work in progress by Betsy Washington of the Systematics
Laboratory indicates that there are two species of Ammodytes in
the western North Atlantic: A. americanus, an inshore species
with fewer vertebrae, lateral plicae, gill rakers and pectoral
fin rays and A. dubius, a more offshore species with higher
counts. The first record of Ammodytes for Massachusetts Bay
seems to be from Gloucester by Kendall (1908: 70) based on BSNH
specimens. Plentiful along the coast from Cape Cod to Cape Sable
wherever there are sandy shores (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 490).
Found at 3 of 6 shore stations in the North River (Fiske et al.
1966: 18-20) and ranked 4th of 24 species (262 specimens) from
the shore stations. Taken at Niles Beach in the southeastern
part of Gloucester Harbor (Jerome et al. 1969: 26). One specimen
taken at each of 2 shore stations in Lynn-Saugus Harbor, Saugus
River and Pines River (Chesmore et al. 1972: 18-24). One
specimen collected among 40 species from Salem Harbor (Anderson
et al. 1975: 17). The eggs are demersal but larvae are very
abundant in the ichthyoplankton in Beverly-Salem Harbor, ranking
first in abundance, 4,429 larvae, 28.3% of the total (Elliott et
al. 1979: 8, 34, 41-42). Larvae were found from late December to
the first of June, with a peak near the end of March. Water
temperatures ranged from -2° to 18°C with the peak larval
abundance about 6°C.

42


29. Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe 1802) Atlantic menhaden

Reported from Massachusetts Bay (Storer 1839), Lynn (Storer
1858a) and Boston Bay and Salem (BSNH specimens, Kendall 1908:
41). In years when menhaden come, they appear in Massachusetts
Bay about mid-May, are most abundant July~-Sept. and depart by
early Nov. (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 116-117). During 1949-
1962, a commercial menhaden fishery existed in coastal waters
from Cohasset to Beverly, with the greatest abundance in and
around Boston Harbor (Jerome et al. 1966: 34-35). Immature
specimens (53-75 mm SL) were taken on flood and ebb tides during
November in the lower Mystic River (Haedrich & Haedrich 1974:
63). Ranked 17th in abundance (152 specimens) of 39 species from
Salem Harbor (Anderson et al. 1975: 17). Eggs and larvae were
taken in Beverly-Salem Harbor (Elliott et al. 1979: 7-8) where
the eggs ranked 16th in abundance (193 eggs, 0.1%), larvae 19th
(68 larvae,-0.4%).

USNM - 23773 and 24424 (2, 213-270) Provincetown; Sept. 1879;
Fish. Comm. 26706-7 (2, 228-242) Massachusetts Bay.

MCZ - 17693 (1, 253) and 2371 (1, 233) Nahant; L. Agassiz. 25125
(1, 208) Mass. Bay.

MSI - large series collected at Nahant; B.B. Collette 1670; Aug.
1978. (3, 16-17) Nahant, East Point; C. Collette; 7 Aug. 1972.

30. Clupea h. harengus Linnaeus 1758 Atlantic herring

Herring, large or small, appear at one season or another along
the entire coastline of the Gulf of Maine (Bigelow & Schroeder
1953a: 94). Immature herring ranked 4th in abundance and biomass
in a survey of lower Mystic River (Haedrich & Haedrich 1974: 63).
Herring ranked 22nd in abundance (97 specimens) of 39 species
from Salem Harbor (Anderson et al. 1975: 17). Herring eggs are
demersal but the pelagic larvae ranked 8th in abundance (445
larvae, 2.8% of total) in Beverly-Salem Harbor (Elliott et al.
1979: 8, 14). Larvae were collected from October to January
(water temperatures ranged 0-18°C) with peak abundance occurring
in November. A total of 642 specimens were recorded from 22
BIOME stations (Table 1). Clupea elongata LeSueur 1818 is based
in part on material from Marblehead.

MCZ - 2374, 17646, 25246 (4, 175-223) Nahant; L. Agassiz; 1862.
23299 (5, 250-260) Boston Harbor; F. Steindachner. 33934 (5, 39-
48) Beverly Harbor.

UMMZ ~- 140512 (15, 36-43) Revere Beach; C.L. & L.C. Hubbs 28-24;
6 June 1928. 140563 (852, 42-97) Duxbury Bay; C.L. & L.C. Hubbs
28-34; 1 July 1928. 140641 (37, 21-89) Lynn Harbor at Nahant;
C.L. & L.C. Hubbs 28-55; Aug. 1928. 140514 (1, 40) Saugus River
mouth near Point of Pines; C.L. & L.C. Hubbs 28-25; 8 June 1928.
61941 (8, 76-113) Plymouth; J. Metzelaar; 2 Aug. 1924.

14


~

et al. 1966: 24). Taken by the trap net fishery and by party
boats outside Beverly-Salem Harbor (Jerome et al. 1967: 37-38).
Two specimens were taken at the Little River station in the
Annisquam River-Gloucester Harbor area (Jerome et al. 1969: 29).
One individual was taken at the Short Beach station in Revere,
and there is a sport fishery for striped bass off Lynn-Saugus
Harbor (Chesmore et al. 1972: 19-20). An immature individual
was taken in the lower Mystic River (Haedrich & Haedrich 1974:
65). Ranked 31st (4 specimens) of 40 species taken in Salem
harbor (Anderson et al. 1975: 17).

MCZ - 40912 (2, 318-339) Massachusetts Bay; D.H. Storer. 57695
(2, 354-365) Scituate; W. Sides; 22 Sept. 1961.

Serranidae

68. Centropristis striata (Linnaeus 1758) Black sea bass

There are early reports from Nahant (Storer 1853a; Putnam 1856a),
Salem Harbor (Putnam 1856a), Beverly Bar (Kendall 1908), and
Cohasset Narrows (Bean 1880). The Cohasset Narrows specimen
(USNM 21440) was listed by Bean (1880: 99) as being distributed
to another institution. Neither Kendall (1908: 99) nor Bigelow &
Schroeder (1953a: 408) had any records to add to the above.
Adults were reported to have been taken by hook and line and in
lobster pots off Nahant in the summer of 1973 but no specimens
were saved.

USNM 24362 (1, 260) Gloucester; Hoyt.
MCZ 21965 (1, 315) "Massachusetts Bay".

MSI (1) Nahant, East Point Canoe Beach; 7m; T. van Wey and R.
Etter; 20 June 1983.

MDMF Cat Cove (1, 220) Salem Willows.
Priacanthidae

69. Pristigenys alta (Gill 1862) Short bigeye

There are 3 records for Massachusetts Bay: one individual was
found alive on Marblehead Beach in 1859 (Storer 1867a), a second
at Scituate in 1932 (MacCoy 1933), and a third was picked up in a
Cohasset tide pool in 1937 (Schroeder 1937: 238). Bigelow &
Schroeder (1953a: 410) summarized these records.

MCZ - 41253 (1, 45) Scituate; Sept. 1932. 34671 (1, 30)
Cohasset; 7 Sept. 1937.

32



LITERATURE CITED

Able, K.W. 1976. A new cyclopterid fish Liparis coheni from the
western North Atlantic with notes on life history. Copeia
1976(3): 515-521.

Anonymous. 1959. 1000-1b man-eating shark caught off Graves
Light. Boston Daily Record, Aug. 5, 1959, pp. 1 and 40.

Steataientateslantetetetetetatetad « 1972. 9 ft. shark gaffed at Lynn Marina.
Herald Trawler, Aug. 28, 1972, p. 3.

laste atetetaatata - 1980. Could this be Revere's shark? Lynn
Daily Evening Item, Aug. 7, 1980, p. 9.

ttetestetantetatetaeteteatel . 1981. Not even Tiger knew. Swampscott
Reporter, July 23, 1981, p. 1.

Anderson, C.0., Jr., D.J. Brown, B.A. Ketschke, E.M. Elliott, and
P.L. Rule. 1975. The effects of the addition of a fourth
generating unit at the Salem Harbor Electric Generating
Station on the marine ecosystem of Salem Harbor. Mass. Div.
Mar. Fish., 47 pp.

Atwood, N.E. 1859. [Remarks on Naucrates at Provincetown, and
on the habits of the cod]. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 7:
4. .

Bean, T.H. 1879. On the identity of Euchalarodus putnami Gill,
with Pleuronectes glaber, (Storer) Gill, with notes on the
habits of the species. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1: 345-348.

1880. Check-list of duplicates of North
American fishes distributed by the Smithsonian Institution
in behalf of the U.S. National Museum, 1877-1880. Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus. 3: 75-116.

Belding, D.L. 1921. A report on the alewife fisheries of
Massachusetts. Marine Fish. Ser. No. 1., Mass. Div. Fish.
and Game, 135 pp.

Bigelow, H.B. and W.C. Schroeder. 1936. Supplemental notes on
fishes of the Gulf of Maine. Bull. Bur. Fish. 48, No. 20:
319-343.

steaheaietateiaeanetatetatetal . 1948. Sharks. In: Fishes of the western
North Atlantic. Mem. Sears Found., part 1: 59-546.

1953a. Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. U.S. Fish
Wild. Serv. Fish. Bull. 53: 1-577.

morte rrr ree ennn . 1953b. Sawfishes, guitarfishes, skates and
rays. Fishes of the western North Atlantic, Mem. Sears
Found., No. 1, part 2: 1-514.

63


CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ..cccecccercecccecccccccccenssecersssccsscsssesese 1
ANNOTATED LIST ..ccececceccccccceccceee

Hagfishes. Family Myxinidae
1. Atlantic hagfish. Myxine glutinosa Linnaeus ........°5

Lampreys. Family Petromyzontidae
2. Sea lamprey. Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus ........e00- 5

Sand sharks. Family Odontaspididae
3. Sand tiger. Eugomphodus taurus (Rafinesque) ........ 5

Thresher sharks. Family Alopiidae

4. Thresher shark. Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre) ....... 6
Mackerel sharks. Family Lamnidae

5. White shark. Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus) ...... 6

6. Basking shark. Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus) ........ 6

7. Shortfin mako. ieurus rus oxyrinchus Rafinesque ......... 6

8. Porbeagle. Lamna nasus (Bonnaterre) ..eeeeeeeeeeeeeee 7
Requiem sharks. Family Carcharhinidae

9. Smooth dogfish. Mustelus canis (Mitchill) ........... 7

10. Blue shark. Prionace glauca (Linnaeus) ............45 7
Hammerhead sharks. Family Sphyrnidae

11. Bonnet head. Sphyrna tiburo (Linnaeus) .............. 7

12. Smooth hammerhead. Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus) ....... 8

Spiny dogfishes. Family Squalidae
13. Spiny dogfish. Squalus acanthias Linnaeus .......+... 8
14. Greenland shark. Somniosus microcephalus
(Bloch & Schneider) ...cccccsccccecccnnccccecesceese B

Angel sharks. Family Squatinidae
15. *Atlantic angel shark. Squatina dumeril LeSueur ...... 8

Torpedo or electric rays. Family Torpedinidae
16. Atlantic torpedo. Torpedo nobiliana Bonaparte ....... 9

Skates. Family Rajidae
17. Little skate.- Raja erinacea Mitchill ......eeeee eens 9

18. Winter skate. Raja ocellata Mitchill . eeeeee el
19. Barndoor skate. Raja laevis Mitchill . sees lO
20. Thorny skate. Raja radiata Donovan ... woeee eld

21. *Smooth skate. Raja Senta Garman ...ccecceeeceeeeeeeeveldl

Sturgeons. Family Acipenseridae
22. Shortnose sturgeon. Acipenser brevirostrum LeSueur ..11
23. Atlantic sturgeon. Acipenser oxyrhynchus
oxyrhynchus Mitchill .... cece ccc e cscs eee cceeseeeeeell

Preceding page t blank v



Hoff, J.G. 1980. Review of the present status of the stocks of
the Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrhynchus Mitchill. Rept.
NMFS, Gloucester (mimeo), 136 pp.

Hubbs, C.L. 1953. Identification and relationships of the

anchovy described from California as Anchovia scitula.
Copeia 1953 (3): 193-194.

Jackson, C.T. 1852. [Capture of a thresher shark in Boston
Harbor.] Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 4: 205-206.

Jackson, J.B.S. 1847. Bluefish at Nahant. Proc. Boston Soc.
Nat. Hist. 2: 248.

Jerome, W.C., dr., A.P. Chesmore, and C.O. Anderson, Jr. 1966. A
study of the marine resources of Quincy Bay. Mass. Div.
Mar. Fish. Monogr. No. 2, 62 pp.

Saale tetetetetatal . 1967. A study of the marine resources of
Beverly-Salem Harbor. Mass. Div. Mar. Fish. Monogr. No. 4,

74 pp.

Salttetetenatetetetatetetel . 1968. A study of the marine resources of the
Parker River-Plum Island Sound Estuary. Mass. Div. Mar.
Fish. Monogr. No. 6, 79 pp.

lalate . 1969. A study of the marine resources of the
Annisquam River-Gloucester Harbor coastal system. Mass.
Div. Marine Fish. Monogr. No. 8, 62 pp.

Kendall, W.C. 1908. Fauna of New England. List of Pisces.
Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 7(8), 152 pp.

Lawton, R.P., R.D. Anderson, P. Brady, C. Sheehan, W. Sides, &.
Kouloheras, M. Borgatti, and V. Malkoski. 1984. Fishes of
western inshore Cape Cod Bay: studies in the vicinity of the
Rocky Point Shoreline, pp. 191-230 in: J.D. Davis and D.
Merriman, eds., Observations on the ecology and biology of
western Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts. Lecture notes on
coastal and estuarine studies. Springer-Verlag, New York.

Leslie, A.J., Jr. and D.J. Stewart. 1986. Systematics and

distributional ecology of Etropus (Pisces, Bothidae) on the
Atlantic coast of the United States with description of a
new species. Copeia 1986(1): 140-156.

LeSueur, C.A. 1817. A short description of five (supposed) new
species of the genus Muraena discovered by Mr. LeSueur, in
the year 1816. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1(1): 81-83.

wocconn. 1818. Descriptions of several new species of
North American fishes. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1: 222-
235.

66



Garman, S. 1874. On the skates of the eastern coast of the
United States. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 17: 170-181.

Sate . 1892. The Discoboli, Cyclopteridae,
Liparopsidae, and Liparidae. Mem. Museum Comparative Zool.
14(2), 96 pp.

asheahetetaeieieteneieienanael . 1913. The Plagiostomata. Mem. Museum
Comparative Z001. 36, 515 pp.

Gill, T. 1863. Note on some recent additions to the
ichthyological ‘fauna of Massachusetts. Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil. 1863: 332-333.

S ataleeietatetateetatetatated . 1864. Synopsis of the pleuronectoids of the
eastern coast of North America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia 1864: 214-224.

ehatetetatatetatanatetatated . 1905. State ichthyology of Massachusetts.
Rept. Comm. Fish., 1904: 163-188.

Girard, C.F. 1850. On the genus Cottus Auct. Proc. Boston Soc.
Nat. Hist. 3: 183-190.

Goode, G. B. 1884. The fisheries and fish industries of the
United States. Section I: 169-682. U.S. Comm. Fish.
Fisheries.

Goode, G.B. and T.H. Bean. 1877. Descriptions of two new
species of fishes (Macrurus bairdii and Lycodes verrillii)
recently discovered by the U.S. Fish Commission, with notes
on the occurrence of several unusual forms. Amer. J. Sci.
Art. 14: 470-478.

alaiaaieneneneteienenaatal . 1879a. A list of the fishes of Essex County,
including those of Massachusetts Bay. Bull. Essex Inst.
11:1-38.

wocro-o---------. 1879b. Discoveries of the United States Fish

Commission: Notices of fifty species of east-coast fishes,
many of which are new to the fauna. Amer. J. Sci. Art. 17:
39-48.

Shenae teneienenata . 1895. Oceanic ichthyology. Smithsonian
Contrib. Knowl. 30(25): 553 pp, also U.S. Nat. Mus. Spec.
Bull. 2 and Mem. Museum Comp. Zool. 22(1896).

Grey, M. 1964. Family Gonostomatidae. In: Fishes of the
western North Atlantic; Part 4: 78-240.

Haedrich, R.L. and S.0O. Haedrich. 1974. A seasonal survey of
the fishes in the Mystic River, a polluted estuary in
downtown Boston, Massachusetts. Estuar. Coast. Mar. Sci. 2:
59-73.

65


stetetaletanaetaietetatatatel . 1871b. On the young of Orthagoriscus mola.
Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 19: 255-260.

Slee toataeteten tented . 1874a. Rare fishes taken in Marblehead, Salem,
and Beverly Harbors. Bull. Essex Inst. 6(1): 11-13.

woo e ee . 1874b. Liparis lineatus and L. montaquii in
Salem Harbor. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 16: 114.

laetetatataeetete stated » 1874c. Notes on Liparis, Cyclopterus and their
allies. Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. (1873): 335-340.

Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner,
R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott. 1980. Common and_ scientific
names of fishes from the United States and Canada, 4th ed.
Spec. Publ. American Fish. Soc. No. 12, 174 pp.

Scattergood, L.W. 1959. New records of Gulf of Maine fishes.
Maine Field Nat. 15(4): 107-109.

Scherer, M.D. 1984. The ichthyoplankton of Cape Cod Bay, pp.
151-190 in: J.D. Davis and D. Merriman, eds. Observations
on the ecology and biology of western Cape Cod Bay,
Massachusetts. Lecture notes on coastal and estuarine
studies. Springer-Verlag, New York.

Schroeder, W.C. 1937. Records of Pseudopriacanthus altus (Gill)

and Fundulus majalis (Walbaum) from the Gulf of Maine.
Copeia 1937 (4): 238.

mom, 1938. Records of Carcharodon carcharias

(Linnaeus) and Pseudopriacanthus altus (Gill) from. the Gulf
of Maine, summer of 1937. Copeia 1938 (1): 46.

Smith, H.M. and R.A. Goffin. 1937. A fish new to Massachusetts
Bay. Copeia 1937(4): 236.

Storer, D.H. 1836. An examination of the "Catalogue of the
marine and fresh water fishes of Massachusetts, by J.V.C.
Smith, M.D.," contained in Professor Hitchcock's "Report on
the Geology, Minerology, etc. of Massachusetts. Boston J.
Nat. Hist. 1(3): 347-356.

lettered . 1839. Reports on the ichthyology and
herpetology of Massachusetts, with supplement. In:
Commissioners Report on the Zoological and Botanical Survey
of the State. Reports on fishes, reptiles, and birds of
Massachusetts. Boston, Dutton and Wentworth, 426 pp.

--------------- . 1842. Additional descriptions of, and
observations on, the fishes of Massachusetts. Boston J.
Nat. Hist. 4(1): 175-190.

Salt atetnadetetatatetated . 1843a. Description of a new species of the
torpedo. Amer. J. Sci. Arts. 45: 165-170.

68



MCZ - 1224 (3, 57-71) Hingham; S.F. Baird. 51847 & 51871 (3, 66-
100) Cohasset; J. Wallace; 1976. 56563 (2, 31-41) Charles R.
off Soldiers Field Road; K.E. Hartel 79-30; 19 Aug. 1979.

ANSP - 7257-61 (5, 53-75) Hingham; S.F. Baird; orig. USNM 1586.
7279-87 (9, 40-63) Boston; J.H. Slack. 7430-37 (8, 40-53)
Boston; J.H. Slack. 7438-40 (3, 83-99) Boston Harbor; J.H.
Slack. 7444-45 (6, 45-80) Boston Harbor; J.H. Slack.

UMMZ - 14055 (267, 24-89) Saugus River mouth near Point of Pines;
C.L. & L.C. Hubbs 28-25; 8 June 1928. 140532 (70, 15-71) Point
of Pines; C.L. & L.C. Hubbs 28-28; 12 June 1928. 140538 (192,
16-87) Scituate; C.L. & L.C. Hubbs 28-32; 17 June 1982. 140566
(148, 25-77) Duxbury Bay; C.L. & L.C. Hubbs 28-34; 1 July 1928.
140631 (67, 15-67) Mystic River above Alewife Brook; C.L. & L.C.
Hubbs 28-53; 31 July 1928. 140643 (3, 51-67) Lynn Harbor at
Nahant; C.L. & L.C. Hubbs 28-25; Aug. 1928.

MSI - 10 collections (126, 8-85 mm SL) Nahant, tidepools on East
Point; 1968-1975. (50, 14-75) Nahant, Bear Pond; B.B. Collette
& K.E. Hartel, BBC 1758; 31 Aug. 1980. (110, 15-76) Nahant, Bear
Pond; B.B. Collette 1779; 19 July 1983.

55. Fundulus majalis (Walbaum 1792) Striped killifish

There are early records from the vicinity of Boston (Storer 1842
and 1858a) and Salem (Kendall 1908) and more recently from
Cohasset (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 165). Ranked 6th in
abundance (10 specimens) of 12 species taken at 3 shore stations
in Quincy Bay (Jerome et al. 1966: 23-31) and ranked 12th in
abundance (607 specimens) of 39 species from Salem Harbor
(Anderson et al. 1975: 17). Massachusetts Bay is the
northernmost area where this species is commonly found.

USNM - 42403 (7, 84-119) Hingham; S.F. Baird. 70198 (3, 64-104)
Sandwich; V.N. Edwards; 16 Sept. 1892.

MCZ - 1202 (3, 43-47) Salem Mill Pond; R.H. Wheatland; 1860.
35078 (9, 42-87) Cohasset; 1939. 34704 (4, 37-42) Cohasset;

1937. 54987 (6, 44-61) Hingham, Broad Cove; R.H. Gibbs 1960-2;
27 Feb. 1960.

ANSP 7118-27 (10, 33-47) Salem; J.H. Slack; 1859.

UMMZ - 140539 (43, 39-65) Scituate; C.L. & L.C. Hubbs 28-32; 17
June 1928. 140565 (61, 32-73) Duxbury Bay; C.L. Hubbs 28-34;
July 1928.

MDMF Cat Cove 15 (1, 81) Boston Harbor; Aug. 1963.

25


21. *Raja senta Garman 1885 Smooth skate

There are no previous records from Massachusetts Bay (Bigelow and
Schroeder 1953a: 71-72), although the species occurs throughout
the western side of the Gulf of Maine-in deep water, such as west
of Jeffreys and Cashes ledges (80-100 fms). Reported from 9
Massachusetts Bay BIOME stations at depths of 40-88 m (Table 1)
but no specimens were retained to document these records.

McZ 34768 (6, 86-255 mm TL) Cashes Ledge, 42°53'N 68°58'W; W.C.
Schroeder; 4 Sept. 1930.

Acipenseridae

22. Acipenser brevirostrum LeSueur 1818 Shortnose sturgeon

This species was recorded from Provincetown (Bigelow & Schroeder
1953a: 85) and a questionable specimen is mentioned and
photographed from Ipswich Bay (Jerome et al. 1968: 32). Storer
(1839) described a small sturgeon (2-ft, 3-in) from the Charles
River at Watertown as A. oxyrhynchus and noted its blunt snout.
It is possible that his specimen was A. brevirostrum.

MCZ 29226 (1, 700 m FL) Provincetown; received 1907.

23. Acipenser o. oxyrhynchus Atlantic sturgeon
Mitchill 1815

Bigelow & Schroeder (1953a: 83) reported this sturgeon from
Provincetown, inside and outside of Boston Harbor, Truro,. the
mouth of Gloucester Harbor, and from mouths of the Essex, Parker,
and Ipswich rivers. Jerome et al. (1968: 32) reported it from
the Parker River - Plum Island estuary. Hoff (1980) reviewed the
history and status of this sturgeon.

MSI - 1 preserved specimen and 1 skeleton from Nahant.
Anguillidae

24. Anguilla rostrata (LeSueur: 1817) American eel

Abundant in most estuaries, streams and rivers tributary to
Massachusetts Bay. Muraena bostoniensis LeSueur (1817) was based
on a specimen of this species collected at Boston. Storer (1839)
reported 3,000 lbs per year taken at Watertown. Recent reports
note specimens from Quincy Bay (Jerome et al. 1966: 23), Mystic
R. (Haedrich & Haedrich 1974: 63), Salem Harbor (Anderson et al.
1975: 17). Three juveniles taken in tidepools at Nahant
(Collette 1986).

ll


USNM 89016 (1, 353) Gloucester, mackerel net at surface; Cc.
Birdseye; 23 Nov. 1927.

Sternoptychidae

37. Maurolicus muelleri (Gmelin 1892) Pearlsides

First reported by Storer (1839), as Scopelus humboldtii, from a
specimen found alive on the beach of Nahant in Dec. 1837.
Additional specimens, one from the stomach of a cod from
Provincetown, and 6 others found on the beach at Provincetown
were noted by Storer (1858a). Bigelow & Schroeder (1953a: 145)
summarized records from the Gulf of Maine with no additional
reports subsequent to Storer's from Massachusetts Bay. Grey
(1964: 226) cited USNM 30223 from Provincetown.

USNM 30223 (1, 35) Provincetown; 23 Sept. 1879.

MCZ 61965 (1, 51) Provincetown, Race Point Beach; K.E. & J.A.
Hartel; 9 March 1985.

Batrachoididae

38. Opsanus tau (Linnaeus 1766) Oyster toadfish

Goode & Bean (1879a: 11) reported that a specimen labelled
"Massachusetts Bay" was then in the collections of the Boston

—— Society of Natural~History (No. 494). According to Bigelow &
Schroeder (1953a: 520), there was only one definite Massachusetts
Bay record, from Cohasset. Lawton et al. (1984: 200) listed it
from near the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station at Plymouth in
western Cape Cod Bay.

USNM, MCZ, ANSP, UMMZ & MSI - 0

Lophiidae

39. Lophius americanus Valenciennes 1837 American goosefish

Storer (1855) reported that it was not a common species in
Massachusetts Bay but was widely taken from Lynn to Provincetown
during September, October, and November. In Massachusetts Bay
it is most common on smooth bottom south of Boston (Bigelow &
Schroeder 1953a: 540). Specimens were taken just inside Salem
Harbor and at the Wingaersheek Beach station in the Annisquam
River (Jerome et al. 1969: 30-33). A total of 67 specimens was
taken at 24 BIOME stations at depths of 34-86 m (Table 1). Eggs
and larvae were collected in Beverly-Salem Harbor (Elliott et al.
1979: 7-8); eggs ranked 14th in abundance, larvae 28th, both 0.1%

17


MCZ - 23292 (9, 52-58) Cambridge, Fresh Pond; Shaler; 1859.
59018 (117, 41-63) Merrimack R. around Stanley I.; K.E. Hartel
79-41; 30 Sept. 1970. 59019 (284, 19-71) Charles R., 1 km above
Eliot Bridge; K.E. Hartel 79-29; 19 Aug. 1979. 60054 (3, 172-
207) Charles R. at Anderson Bridge; 29 May 1980; K.E. Hartel 80-
24; 29 May 1980.

27. Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson 1811) Alewife

Abundant in Massachusetts Bay and many of its tributaries,
although no longer as common as formerly due to environmental
alterations and damming. Belding (1921) reviewed the status of
the species in Massachusetts. Ranked third in numerical
abundance and third in biomass in a survey of the lower Mystic
River by Haedrich & Haedrich (1974: 63). A total of 597
specimens were recorded from 26 BIOME stations (Table 1). The
early report of Alosa mediocris from Boston Harbor by Kendall
(1908: 37) was based on a BSNH collection. These specimens are
now probably MCZ 35781 which are actually A. pseudoharengus. The
nearest records for A. mediocris are at North Truro,
Provincetown, Brewster and the mouth of the Merrimack R. (Bigelow
& Schroeder 1953a: 101).

USNM 41928 (1, 140) Gloucester, Fort Worth; H.C. Chester; 20
Sept. 1878.

MCZ - 2373, 17641, 17759, 17806, 17807, 17822, 17885, 30297,
34361, 35781 (19, 51-223) from the Mystic R., Cambridge, Boston
Harbor, Charlestown, and Nahant; 1862-1871.

UMMZ 187300 (skeleton, 218) 10 mi. E of Gloucester; K.F. Lagler;
Oct. 1967.

28. Alosa sapidissima (Wilson 1811) American shad

Reported from Salem Harbor (Goode & Bean 1879a: 24). Now rare in
tributaries to Massachusetts Bay, but adults breed in the North
and South R., Marshfield (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 110-111).
Haedrich & Haedrich (1974: 63) reported one immature specimen
(149 mm) from the lower Mystic River. Ten specimens were
recorded from 3 BIOME stations (Table 1). Attempts are currently
underway to reintroduce this species into the Charles R. (MDMF,
pers. comm., 1986).

MCZ - 17640 (1, 220) Nahant; L. Agassiz. 17822 (1, 187) Nahant;
L. Agassiz. 40884 (1, 380) "Mass. Bay"; D.H. Storer; BSNH 368.

13


Atherinidae

56. Menidia beryllina (Cope 1866) Inland silverside

A specimen taken in Cohasset in 1939 was the only published
Massachusetts Bay record (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 305). Carl
and Laura Hubbs collected it in 1928 but these specimens (UMMZ
140516, 140533, 140541) were not mentioned by Bigelow &
Schroeder. We have re-examined UMMZ 140541 but could not locate
140516 or 140533 in Nov. 1987 but Barry Chernoff (pers. comm.)
assures us that these two lots were also correctly identified. A
specimen (USNM 58880) was taken at Sandwich in 1842. During the
late 1970's the species was common in the Charles River Basin and
other tributaries to Massachusetts Bay as far north as Nahant.
Recent collections (1981-86) have failed to find this species in
the Charles River Basin.

MCZ - 35079 (1, 32) Cohasset; 1939. 54604 (1, 39) N. Hingham,
Broad Cove; Feb. 1960. 56127 (1, 435) Dorchester, Neponset R.;
Oct. 1979. 7 MCZ collections (54403, 56121-26) (752, 11-66)
Charles River Basin; July-Dec., 1979.

UMMZ - 140516 (1, 47) Saugus River mouth; C.L. & L.C. Hubbs 28-
25; 8 June 1928. 140533 (5, 41-47) Point of Pines; C.L. & L.C.
Hubbs 28-28; 12 June 1928. 140541 (9, 33-44) Scituate; C.L. &
L.C. Hubbs 28-32; 17 June 1928.

ANSP 158189 (23, 37-62) Nahant, Bear Pond; B.B. Collette & K.E.
Hartel, BBC 1758; 31 Aug. 1980.

57. Menidia menidia (Linnaeus 1766) Atlantic silverside

Common to abundant inshore in Massachusetts Bay. Present in
lower Charles River prior to damming (Storer 1853b). Most
abundant species (22,682 specimens) of 12 species at each of 4
shore stations in Quincy Bay (Jerome et al. 1966: 31). Most
abundant of 39 species from the North River with more than 1,000
specimens taken at 2 intertidal stations (Fiske et al. 1966: 18,
20).. Second most abundant (1,271 specimens) of 15 species at 6
shore stations in Beverly-Salem Harbor (Jerome et al. 1967: 34).
A length frequency graph for 1,566 specimens for the Annisquam
River - Gloucester Harbor area showed a range of 15-140 mm in
length (probably total length), with strong modes at 30-35 and
80-85 mm (Jerome et al. 1969: 37, fig. 7). Also 2nd in abundance
of 32 species at 5 shore stations in Lynn-Saugus (Chesmore et al.
1972: 20) and of 40 species from Salem Harbor (Anderson et al.
1975: 17). Two specimens taken in lower Mystic River (Haedrich &
Haedrich 1974: 64). Larvae were found in Beverly-Salem Harbor
where they ranked 26th in abundance (13 larvae), 0.1% of the
total (Elliott et al. 1979: 8).

USNM - 23414 (2, 77-85) Gloucester; A.H. Clark. 70143 (9, 50-69)

26


12. Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus 1758) Smooth hammerhead

Reported from Provincetown by Storer (1848c) as a new species,
Zygaena subarcuata. There is one record from Nahant (Bigelow &
Schroeder 1953a: 45, fig. 16).

MCZ 1159 S (juv. female, 685 mm TL) Nahant; L. Agassiz.
Squalidae

13. Squalus acanthias Linnaeus 1758 Spiny dogfish

Spiny dogfish appear in Massachusetts Bay from June-Oct. (Bigelow
& Schroeder 1953a: 49-51) and were apparently more numerous here
during the last quarter of the past century and the early 1900's
than they had been previously (p. 51). However, Storer (1839)
mentioned a fishery for this species out of Truro and
Provincetown. A total of 51 specimens were taken at 16 BIOME
stations between 34-88 m (Table l).

USNM - 22316 (male, 720 mm TL) Gloucester; Fish. Comm. 89013
(female, 420 mm) Gloucester. 91545 (1, 175 mm) banks 4 mi SSE
Scituate Harbor; D.D. Streeter; 7 July 1930. 123619, 21670,
22660, 38254 (50 pups, 165-225 mm TL) near Gloucester.

MCZ - several collections from Massachusetts Bay and Gloucester.
MSI (4 pups, 195-227 mm TL) from female taken on hook and line,
Nahant; Aug. 1967.

14. Somniosus microcephalus Greenland shark

(Bloch & Schneider 1801) :

Scymnus brevipinna LeSueur, 1818 is based on a stuffed specimen
of this species from Marblehead. A 10-ft specimen was reported
from Nahant by Cabot (1849) and others were reported from
Massachusetts Bay and from near Cape Ann by Bigelow & Schroeder
(1953a: 55).

MCZ 29609 (juv. male, 128 cm TL) near Boston Light; 1952.
Squatinidae

15. *Squatina dumeril LeSueur 1818 Atlantic angel shark

Not previously reported from Massachusetts Bay or the Gulf of
Maine. Bigelow & Schroeder (1948: 542) reported the northern
limit as southern New England, citing 3 specimens from Rhode


Lux, F.E. and G.F. Kelly. 1978. Fisheries resources of the Cape
Cod and Massachusetts Bay Region. Environmental Assessment
Report 5-7. NMFS Lab. Ref. No. 78-15, 23 pp.

MacCoy, C.V. 1933. Museum notes, fishes. Bull. Boston Soc.
Nat. Hist. No. 67: 9.

Markle, D.F., W.B. Scott and A.C. Kohler. 1980. New and rare

records of Canadian fishes and the influence of hydrography
on resident and nonresident Scotian Shelf ichthyofauna.

Canad. J. Fish. Aquatic Sci. 37(1): 49-65.

Martin, F.D. and G.E. Drewry. 1978. Development of the fishes
‘of the Mid-Atlantic Bight. An atlas of. egg, larval and
juvenile stages. vol. VI. Stromateidae through
Ogcocephalidae. U.S. Fish. Wild. Serv. Biol. Serv. Prog.
FWS/OBS-78/12.

Morin, R.P. and K.W. Able. 1983. Patterns of geographic variation
in the egg morphology of the fundulid fish, Fundulus
heteroclitus. Copeia 1983(3): 726-740.

Moring, J.R. and M.E. Moring. 1986. A late leptocephalus' stage

of a conger eel, Conger oceanicus found in a _ tidepool.
Copeia 1986(1): 222-223.

Ni, I.H. 1981. Numerical classification of sharp-beaked

redfishes, Sebastes mentella and S. fasciatus, from
northeastern Grand Banks. Canadian J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

38(8): 873-879.

Norton, S.F. 1980. Feeding ecology of a benthic predator,
Myoxocephalus aenaeus (Pisces: Scorpaeniformes). Honor's
thesis, Harvard Univ., 77 pp.

Putnam, F.W. 1856a. [Fishes of Essex County, Mass.] Proc.
Essex. Inst. 1: 144.

latent . 1856b. (Fishes of Essex Co., Mass., cont.]
Proc. Essex Inst. 1: 148.

elated . 1856c. [Fishes of Essex Co., Mass., cont.]
Proc. Essex Inst. 1: 201.

ahalehatehateienenetenetatel . 1866a. [Description of Gasterosteus wheatlandi
from Nahant, Mass.] Proc. Essex Inst. 5: 4.

Statist tateetetetataetad - 1866b. [Occurrence of Leptocephalus at

c
Nahant, 1858.] Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 10: 373.

1870. [Addition of two species of fishes to
Essex County.] Bull. Essex Inst. 2(7): lll.

pee nn nnn . 187la. Note on Hemirhamphus from Danvers Mill
Pond, 1870. Bull. Essex Inst. 2: 171.

67


MDMF Cat Cove (1, 75) off Gloucester; 1976.
Cyclopteridae

120. Cyclopterus lumpus Linnaeus 1758 Lumpfish

There are early records from Massachusetts Bay (Storer 1839),
Nahant (Garman 1892), and Swampscott (Kendall 1908: 126 based on
BSNH material). Common at Nahant, Swampscott, Cohasset,
Plymouth, and Truro (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 463). Taken by
the MDMF in surveys of Quincy Bay (Jerome et al. 1966: 23), the
North River (Fiske et al. 1966: 18), Beverly-Salem Harbor
(Jerome et al. 1967: 24, 30), in the Annisquam River-Gloucester
Harbor area (Jerome et al. 1969: 30) and in Lynn-Saugus Harbor
(Chesmore et al. 1972: 18). Ranked 24th (57 specimens) of 40
species from Salem Harbor (Anderson et al. 1975: 17). Five
larvae were taken in Beverly-Salem Harbor (Elliott et al. 1979:
50). Adults are common inshore at Nahant in the spring,
juveniles have been taken in tidepools (Collette 1986).

USNM 154884 (1, 25) Gloucester; A.R. Crittenden.

mcZ - 8 lots (17, 10-350) from Nahant, Swampscott, Beverly and
Salem; 1864-1976.

UMMZ - 89257 (3, 16-23) East Point, Nahant; C.L. Hubbs & W.C.
Schroeder, H 27-103; 16 Aug. 1927. 140530 (1, 230) Nahant; C.L.
& L.C. Hubbs 28-27; 10 June 1928.

ANSP 142592 (1, 23) Rockport, between Milk I. and Lands End; 10
Sept. 1947.

MSI ~ 9 lots of juveniles (20, 10-70) from Nahant; 1968-85. 2
lots (2, 215-328) Nahant; April 1974, May 1976.

MDMF Cat Cove 57 (1, 24) Gloucester, Mill River; 12 Dec. 1966.

121. Eumicrotremus spinosus Atlantic spiny lumpsucker
(Miller 1777)

This is a rare stray from the Arctic and far North Atlantic
oceans. One specimen was dredged by the U.S. Fish Commission 6
miles off Half-way Rock Salem, 10 Aug. 1877 in 35 fm (Goode &
Bean 1877: 477). Also reported from deep waters of Massachusetts
Bay (Goode & Bean 1879a: 12; Kendall 1908: 126 based on BSNH
material) and from 15 miles southeast of Cape Ann (Bigelow &
Schroeder -1953a: 463). An illustration of a Massachusetts Bay
specimen originally published by Goode & Bean (1895) is included
as fig. 242 in Bigelow & Schroeder. Jerome et al. (1969: 30)
reported that a specimen was taken in Mill River, tributary to
the Annisquam River, but this record was apparently based on MDMF
Cat Cove 57 which is a 24-mm specimen of Cyclopterus lumpus.

52



Lefteye flounders. Family Bothidae
125. Fourspot flounder. Paralichthys oblongus
(MEtCHI11) cece cece cece cece eee eee eee e cere ens edd
126. Windowpane. cophthalmus aquosus (Mitchill) ........54
127. *Smallmouth flounder. Etropus microstomus (Gill) ....55

Righteye flounders. Family Pleuronectidae

128. Witch flounder. Glyptocephalus cynoglossus
(Linnaeus). ceccececcccccccccccc ccc ccece cesses eeeee sd

129. American plaice. Hippoglossoides platessoides
(FADricius) woe ceceec ccc cc ce ccc cece cece eeecereeese sO
130. Atlantic halibut. Hippoglossus hippoglossus

(Linnaeus) ........6. ee cccrcenecee seen eeeeee wee ee 56
131. Yellowtail flounder. Limanda ferruginea (Storer) ...56

132. Smooth flounder. Liopsetta putnami (Gill) ..........57
133. Winter flounder. Pseudopleuronectes americanus
(WAlLDAUM) .eceee cece cece rere een e rc en eee erecerensesdB

Soles. Family Soleidae
134. Hogchoker. Trinectes maculatus (Bloch & Schneider) .59

Triggerfishes. Family Balistidae
135. Gray triggerfish. Balistes capriscus Gmelin ........ 59

Filefishes. Family Monacanthidae
136. Planehead filefish. Monacanthus hispidus

(LiNNGeCus) cscs cecccceccccccccececcececereceece ss 260
137. Orange filefish. Aluterus schoepfi (Walbaum) .......60

Puffers. Family Tetraodontidae

138. Northern puffer. Sphoeroides maculatus
(Bloch & Schneider) ...cececcceececcccccccceceeees 000

Porcupine-fishes. Family Diodontidae
139. Striped burrfish. Chilomycterus schoepfi (Walbaum) .61

Ocean sunfishes. Family Molidae
140. Ocean sunfish. Mola mola (Linnaeus) .............++-61
141. Sharptail mola. Mola lanceolata Lienard ...........-61
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 2... ccccce reece ccc te ccc eeeececescceesceseseese 202

LITERATURE CITED ..eeceeec ccc cs cree eect cence ese ceeeeeeseseseessO3


Macrouridae

49. Nezumia bairdii (Goode & Bean 1877) Marlin-spike

The holotype (USNM 21014) was taken 44 mi ESE of Cape Ann in 160
fm (Goode & Bean 1877: 470). Listed from deep waters of
Massachusetts Bay by Goode & Bean (1879a: 7-8) based on
specimens collected by the Fish Commission in 1877. Bigelow &
Schroeder (1953a: 245) mentioned a specimen taken off Gloucester,
among Gulf of Maine records.

USNM 21014 (1, 255+ mm TL) 44 mi ESE of Cape Ann; Speedwell; 19
Aug. 1877.

Zoarcidae

50. *Lycenchelys verrillii (Goode & Bean 1877) Wolf eelpout

Bigelow and Schroeder (1953a: 516) noted a number of records for
this species from north and east of Massachusetts Bay. They
specifically mentioned 61 specimens taken west of Jeffreys Ledge
(off Cape Ann) in 1930. National Marine Fisheries Service
records (Table 1) show 3. specimens taken at 2 BIOME stations in
Massachusetts Bay in 50-83 m between 1975-1977.

USNM, MCZ, ANSP and UMMZ - 0.

51. Macrozoarces americanus (Schneider 1801) Ocean pout

Reported from Massachusetts Bay by Storer (1839). One of the
specimens from Gloucester that Bean (1880: 82) reported as
distributed is now ANSP 22740. Bigelow & Schroeder (1953a: 514)
reported that they had never seen one taken in less than 10 fm in
the Massachusetts Bay region, although it has been reported from
Gloucester Harbor. Recent reports document this species from
Long Island Bridge and Gallups Island, Boston and it ranked 6th
in abundance (15 specimens) of 11 species at offshore stations in
Quincy Bay (Jerome et al. 1966: 27). Individuals were also taken
off the mouth of the North River (Fiske et al. 1966: 20) and four
specimens were taken in lower Mystic River (Haedrich & Haedrich
1974: 64). Ranked 21st in abundance (112 specimens) of 39
species from Salem Harbor (Anderson et al. 1975: 17). A total
of 408 specimens were taken at 25 BIOME stations at depths of 34-
84 m. (Table 1).

MCZ - 12501, 25101, 25102, 26662, 28273 (6, 356-855) from Nahant;
Gloucester, and Boston Harbor; 1800's, 31485 (3, 39-54) 10 mi.
off Cape Ann. 56696 (10, 365-500) 42°28.63'N, 70°38.09'W; 77 m;
F/V Francis Elizabeth 925, sta. 30; 10 May 1980. 56321 (2, 40-
48) Nahant, East Point; S. Norton; 10 Mar. 1980.

23


UMMZ - 140523 (1, 169) Saugus River mouth; C.L. & L.C. Hubbs 28-
25; 8 June 1928. 140547 (1, 57) Scituate; C.L. & L.C. Hubbs 28-
32; 17 June 1928. 140652 (61, 18-153) Lynn Harbor at Nahant,
c.L. & L.C. Hubbs 28-55; Aug. 1928. 160252 (1, 179)
Massachusetts Bay; W.J. Beal; 1862.

MSI - 9 lots (48, 63-310) Beverly and Nahant; 1967-1981.
Soleidae

134. Trinectes maculatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) Hogchoker

The first record from Massachusetts Bay, as Achirus mollis
(Mitchill), was based on a 6-in specimen taken in 1840 from
Nahant (Storer 1842). Two additional specimens were reported
from the Charles River in 1847 (Storer 1863). Bigelow &
Schroeder (1953a: 297) mentioned the above records and then noted
that there were several specimens from Boston Harbor at the MCZ,
"all caught long ago." Juveniles were taken in a stream
tributary to Cape Cod Bay, Orleans in 1980. No longer recorded
in any numbers from Massachusetts Bay. Listed by Lawton et al.
(1984: 201) from near the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station at
Plymouth in western Cape Cod Bay.

MCZ - 11351, 11352, 11354, 11359 (4, 75-102) Boston; L. Agassiz.
The MCZ catalog records 10 specimens as MCZ 11351-11360, but we
found only the four noted. 57139 (1, 17) Rock Creek, Orleans;
K.E. Hartel; 16 Oct. 1980.

ANSP 8675 (unmeasured) Charles R.; mid 1800's.
Balistidae

135. Balistes capriscus Gmelin 1789 Gray triggerfish

One specimen was taken in the "Squam River" at Annisquam near
Gloucester many years ago, and one was picked up at Plymouth in
Sept. 1932 (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 521). Two additional
specimens were taken in the Anisquam River during the early
1980's (pers. comm., J. Kaylor, 1985).

MCZ - 35799 (1, 260) Annisquam, Squam R., R. Hyatt; ex. BSNH

1835. 35800 (1, 255) Plymouth; C.L. Hauthaway; 5 Sept. 1932; ex.
BSNH 2011.

59


MCZ - 12213 (1, 171) Massachusetts Bay. 12274 (1, 200) Boston.
36543 (1, 164) Gloucester; A.D. Hodsdon; 24 Aug. 1920. 57903
(1, 88) Nahant, Lowell's Beach; dropped by a gull; 20 Oct.
1980.

Diodontidae
139. Chilomycterus schoepfi (Walbaum 1792) Striped burrfish
The only record of this southern fish north of Cape Cod is based
on a specimen taken in Massachusetts Bay (Kendall 1908; 118) as
noted by Bigelow & Schroeder (1953a: 528).
USNM, MCZ, ANSP, UMMZ & MSI - 0

Molidae

140. Mola mola (Linnaeus 1758) Ocean sunfish

First reported from Massachusetts Bay by Storer (1839, 1844a)
based on specimens from Boston. Binney (1844) noted reports of
10 or 12 animals per day in Boston Harbor in 1841 and mentioned
parasites and food habits. Goode & Bean (1879a: 3) reported that
it was "frequently seen on warm summer days, floating on its side
at the surface." They noted that a 4-ft individual was taken off
Gloucester 31 July 1860 and that the Essex Institute had a
mounted specimen that came from Salem Harbor in the summer of
1863. Bigelow & Schroeder (1953a: 530-531) noted that they have
been seen in Boston Harbor; a 4 1/2-ft specimen was killed in a
creek at Quincy in 1918, another 5-ft, 3-in fish was caught on
the north side of Massachusetts Bay, off Bakers Island, Beverly
in 1940. An ocean sunfish washed ashore near a sampling station
at the mouth of the North River in 1964-65 was photographed
(Fiske et al. 1966: 23).

USNM, MCZ, ANSP, UMMZ & MSI - 0.

141. Mola lanceolata Lienard 1840 Sharptail mola

The only record from Massachusetts Bay is of four 2-in fry
originally reported as young of the ocean sunfish by Putnam
(1871b: 255-256, fig. 3) but these have been shown by subsequent
workers to be M. lanceolata (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 531-532;
Martin & Drewry 1978: 318-328, fig. 168b).

USNM, MCZ, ANSP, UMMZ & MSI - 0.

61


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This paper is contribution No. 89 of the Marine Science
Center of Northeastern University, Nahant, MA. The former
director of the Marine Science Center, N.W. Riser, and many of
the first author's students there, including S. Bailey, W. Fowle,
T. Levesque, and W.E. Wehling brought important specimens to our
attention. This paper is a preliminary step in the production of
an updated revision of Bigelow and Schroeder's classic "Fishes of
the Gulf of Maine" being undertaken by B.B. Collette and G. Klein
MacPhee.

Material for poorly represented species has been provided by
A. Howe and S. Correia (MDMF Sandwich Lab.), D. Flescher (NMFS
Woods Hole Lab.), and J. Kaylor (formerly NMFS Gloucester Lab.).
B. Washington (NMFS Systematics Lab.) searched through the USNM
collection for Massachusetts Bay specimens and produced Figure l.
R. Fairbanks (MDMF) supplied information on coho salmon.

A computer printout of collections made by NMFS vessels at
BIOME stations in Massachusetts Bay was provided by D. Flescher
and a summary of this information (Table 1) was made by B.
Washington. E. Cole (MSI) typed an early draft of the manuscript
and C. Fox (MCZ) typed several revised versions. V. Thomas
produced the final draft.

Drafts of the manuscript were read by T. Azarovitz, D.
Flescher, J. Kaylor, T.L. Munroe and A.B. Williams.

62



BIOME stations at depths of 34-91 m (Table 1). One immature
individual taken in the lower Mystic River (Haedrich & Haedrich
1974: 63). Eggs were found in the ichthyoplankton in Beverly-
Salem Harbor from November through the first of July, with a peak
in late April, and ranked llth in abundance or 0.2% of the total
(Elliott et al. 1979: 7-8, 29). Larvae were found from December

to the end of July with a peak in late April, and ranked 12th in
abundance, 1.2% of the total. Eggs and larvae were found at
temperatures of -2° to 20°C.

USNM 83932 (1, 74) Massachusetts Bay; Fish. Comm.; 1878.
MCZ 12303 Nahant; Agassiz; discarded.

UMMZ 187302 (2 skeletons, 289-305) 10 mi E of Gloucester; K.F.
Lagler; Oct. 1967.

ANSP 22746 (1, 150) Gloucester Harbor; May 1879; R.E. Earle;
orig. USNM 23166.

MSI (2, 288-397) Nahant; Aug. 1967.

44. Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Linnaeus 1758) Haddock

Reported from Massachusetts Bay by Storer (1839). The most
productive of small haddock grounds on the west side of the Gulf
of Maine includes Stellwagen Bank (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a:
205-206). Haddock are one of the most sought-after fishes in the
North River area and are caught 6-7 mi out from the mouth of the
river (Fiske et al. 1966: 24). Ranked 25th in abundance (33
specimens) of 39 species from Salem Harbor (Anderson et al. 1975:
17). Taken at 18 BIOME stations at depths of 34-91 m (Table 1).
Eggs ranked 20th in abundance in the ichthyoplankton in Beverly-
Salem Harbor and were collected from March to June at water
temperatures of 2-14°C (Elliott et al. 1979: 7-8, 29). Larvae
ranked 18th in abundance and were taken in the same time period
at water temperatures of 4-20°c.

USNM 100456 (1, 15) 43°48'N, 70°05'w; 1910.
MCZ 56686 (10, 74.0-115) 42°34'N, 70°37'W; 38 fm; R/V Albatross
IV 79-12; 7 Nov. 1979.

UMMZ 187301 (skeleton, 445) 10 mi E of Gloucester; K.F. Lagler;
Oct. 1967.

MDMF Cat Cove 35 (1, 190) Rockport, Thatchers I.; 1963.

20


Halfbeaks. Family Hemiramphidae
52. Halfbeak. Hyporhamphus cf. unifasciatus (Ranzani) ....24

Sauries. Family Scomberesocidae
53. Atlantic saury. Scomberesox saurus (Walbaum) ........24

Killifishes. Family Cyprinodontidae
54. Mummichog. Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus
(WalbDAUM) ceccccccreccercceccccecenseccccecsceeeces edd
55. Striped killifish. Fundulus majalis (Walbaum) .......25

Silversides. Family Atherinidae
56. Inland silverside. Menidia beryllina (Cope) .........26
57. Atlantic silverside. Menidia menidia (Linnaeus) .....26

John Dories. Family Zeidae
58. Buckler dory. Zenopsis conchifera (Lowe) ..........+.27

Sticklebacks. Family Gasterosteidae
59. Fourspine stickleback. Apeltes quadracus (Mitchill) .27
60. Threespine stickleback. Gasterosteus aculeatus
LIMNACUS ee eee eee c cece eee e cee e eee ne eects se eee ese 28
61. Blackspotted stickleback. Gasterosteus wheatlandi
PUENAM cece eeccc cere reece esce sree etereseessesee esse ld
62. Ninespine stickleback. Pungitius pungitius
(Linnaeus) .......

ee ee eres)

Cornetfishes. Family Fistulariidae
63. Bluespotted cornetfish. Fistularia tabacaria -
LINNACUS cee eee cece cece cece cece ccc e center eee tee cent e dO

Pipefishes. Family Syngnathidae
64. *Lined seahorse. Hippocampus erectus Perry ...........30
65. Northern pipefish. Syngnathus fuscus Storer .........30

Temperate basses. Family Moronidae
66. White perch. Morone americana (Gmelin) ..............31
67. Striped bass. Morone saxatilis (Walbaum) ............31

Sea basses. Family Serranidae
68. Black sea bass. Centropristis striata (Linnaeus) ....32

Bigeyes. Family Priacanthidae
69. Short bigeye. Pristigenys alta (Gill) ...............32

Bluefish. Family Pomatomidae
70. Bluefish. Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus) ............33

Remoras. Family Echeneidae
71. Sharksucker. Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus ............33

72. Spearfish remora. Remora brachyptera (Lowe) . 33
73. Remora. Remora remora (Linnaeus) .......... eee 3S

vii


Freshwater eels. Family Anguillidae
24. American eel. Anguilla rostrata (LeSueur) ...........1l

Conger eels. Family Congridae
25. Conger eel. Conger oceanicus (Mitchill) .............12

Herrings. Family Clupeidae
6. Blueback herring. Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill) .......12
27. Alewife. Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson) ........
28. American shad. Alosa sapidissima (Wilson) .......
29. Atlantic menhaden. Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe) .
30. Atlantic herring. Clupea harengus harengus Linnaeus .14

Anchovies. Family Engraulidae
31. Bay anchovy. Anchoa mitchilli (Valenciennes) ........15
32. Silver anchovy. Engraulis eurystole (Swain & Meek) ..15

Smelts. Family Osmeridae
33. Rainbow smelt. Osmerus mordax (Mitchill) ............15

Salmons. Family Salmonidae
34. Coho salmon. Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum) .........16
35. Brook trout. Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill) .......16
36. Atlantic salmon. Salmo salar Linnaeus .............+.16

Hatchet fishes. Family Sternoptychidae
37. Pearlsides. Maurolicus muelleri (Gmelin) ...........17

Toadfishes. Family Batrachoididae
38. Oyster toadfish. Opsanus tau (Linnaeus) .........++.-17

Goosefishes. Family Lophiidae
39. American goosefish. Lophius americanus Valenciennes .17

Silver hake. Family Merlucciidae
40. Silver hake. Merluccius bilinearis (Mitchill) ......18

Cod. Family Gadidae
41. Cusk. Brosme brosme (Miller) .......ccecccccecccceccelB
42.  Fourbeard rockling. Enchelyopus cimbrius (Linnaeus) .19
43. Atlantic cod. Gadus morhua Linnaeus ..........000000619
44. Haddock. Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Linnaeus) .
45. Atlantic tomcod. Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum) .
46. Pollock. Pollachius virens (Linnaeus) ........
47. Red hake. Urophycis chuss (Walbaum) .....
48. White hake. Urophycis tenuis (Mitchill) .............22

Grenadiers. Family Macrouridae
49. Marlin-spike. Nezumia bairdii (Goode & Bean) ........23

Eel pouts. Family Zoarcidae

50. *Wolf eelpout. Lycenchelys verrillii (Goode & Bean) ..23
51. Ocean pout. Macrozoarces americanus (Schneider) .....23

vi


Island and 2 from the vicinity of Woods Hole.

MCZ 54681 (head of female, 970 mm TL) off Marblehead; 0.5 mi NE
of Cat I.; gill net; D. Valido; 1979. 58102 (1, 1570 mm FL) off
Plymouth; G. Good; 9 Nov. 1981.

Torpedinidae

16. ° Torpedo nobiliana Bonaparte 1835 Atlantic torpedo

First reported from Truro and S. Wellfleet (Storer 1839). Then
reported from Provincetown by Storer (1843a) as a new species,
Torpedo occidentalis. Goode & Bean (1879a: 28) reported three or
four individuals seen in summer on the south side of Cape Ann.
Also reported from off Plymouth (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 60).
The most recent record is of a 4-ft. individual caught at the
mouth of Swampscott Harbor in July 1981 (Anonymous 1981).

MCZ - 36040 (male, 82 cm TL) 12-15 mi off Plymouth; Nov. 1943.
54412 (jaw from 127 cm TL female) Mass. Bay, probably near
Marblehead; 1979.

Rajidae

17. Raja erinacea Mitchill 1825 Little skate

Abundant in Massachusetts Bay in summer at depths of 25-35 fms
(Goode & Bean 1879a: 28). Smallest and commonest skate in
Massachusetts Bay, caught everywhere (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a:
70). Recent literature reports come from Quincy Bay (Jerome et
al. 1966: 27-28) and from Lynn-Saugus Harbor (Chesmore et al.
1972: 17).

USNM - 107775 (male, 270 mm TL) N. Truro; L.W. True. 123200 (9,
120-150 mm TL) Provincetown; Edwards.

MCZ - 234 S, 253 S, 358 S, 1020 S, 1137 S (9, 85.5-550 mm TL)
from Mass. Bay, Nahant, Boston Harbor, and Quincy. 42145 (female,
530 mm TL) Gloucester; June 1963. 51436 (male, 145 mm TL)

Boston Harbor; March 1967.

UMMZ 140510 (male, 430 mm TL) Revere Beach; C.L. and L.C. Hubbs
28-24; 6 June 1928.

MSI - several specimens and egg cases from Nahant.


Mackerels. Family Scombridae
101. Atlantic bonito. Sarda sarda (Bloch) .....eeeeee eee 44
102. Chub mackerel. Scomber japonicus Houttuy aoe 44
103. Atlantic mackerel. Scomber scombrus Linnaeus .......44
104. Spanish mackerel. Scomberomorus maculatus

(MLCCHIL1) Lecce cece cc eee reece eee e cee ee cence ese thd

105. Atlantic bluefin tuna. Thunnus thynnus thynnus
(Linnaeus) ......ee5-

rr rrr arrears 2.)

Swordfish. Family Xiphiidae
106. Swordfish. Xiphias gladius Linnaeus ............2+4.45

Driftfishes. Family Ariommidae
107. Silver rag. Ariomma bondi Fowler ......ceeeeeee eee ee 45

Rudderfishes. Family Centrolophidae
108. Barrelfish. Hyperoglyphe perciformis (Mitchill) ....46

Butterfishes. Family Stromateidae :
109. Butterfish. Peprilus triacanthus (Peck) ............46

Rockfishes. Family Scorpaenidae
110. Acadian redfish. Sebastes fasciatus Storer .........47

Searobins. Family Triglidae
lll. Northern searobin. -Prionotus carolinus (Linnaeus) ..47
112. Striped searobin. Prionotus evolans (Linnaeus) .....48

Sculpins. Family Cottidae
113. Atlantic hookear sculpin. Artediellus atlanticus
Jordan & EVELrMANn ...eeccccecccercceceecerceceec ee c48B
114. Sea raven. Hemitripterus americanus (Gmelin) .......49
115. Grubby. Myoxocephalus aenaeus (Mitchill) ... 249
116. Longhorn sculpin. Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus
(MitCHI11L) cece cece c eee c eee ccc e eee e tence rece enn D0
117. Shorthorn sculpin. Myoxocephalus scorpius
(LInNACUS) cece cece csc cece rec eenecccsceneseese cess D0
118. Moustache sculpin. friglops murrayi Gtinther ..

Alligatorfishes and poachers. Family Agonidae
119. Alligatorfish. Aspidophoroides monopterygius
(BLOCH) .ccccccccccc cnc cccccceecesceceeteesecceecee cb

Lumpfishes and snailfishes. Family Cyclopteridae
120. Lumpfish. Cyclopterus lumpus Linnaeus .........+.+-.52
121. Atlantic spiny lumpsucker. Eumicrotremus spinosus
(MALLEr) cece e cece cree cere cee ec reece cence cece ee eee D2
122. Seasnail. Liparis atlanticus (Jordan & Evermann) ...53
123. Gulf snailfish. Liparis coheni Able ...........2+2+-53

Flying gurnards. Family Dactylopteridae
124. Flying gurnard. Dactylopterus volitans (Linnaeus) ..53

ix


Engraulidae

31. Anchoa mitchilli (Valenciennes 1848) Bay anchovy

There is an early record from Provincetown (Storer 1858a). More

recently they were found impinged on traveling screens at the
Salem Power Plant, but were not taken during 1971-74 field

sampling in Salem Harbor (Anderson et al. 1975: 15).

MCZ - 41243 (17, 48-70) "Massachusetts"; D.H. Storer; ex. BSNH
402. 58213 (2, 38-50) Pilgrim Lake, Truro; K.E. Hartel; 1981.

MDMF Cat Cove (1, 65) Salem Power Plant; 1977.

32. Engraulis eurystole (Swain & Meek 1885) Silver anchovy

Reported from Lynn by Hubbs (1953) as Anchoviella eurystole based
on.a specimen (UMMZ 140642) he collected in 1928. Recently
reported from Nova Scotia by Markle et al. (1980).

UMMZ 140642 (1, 49) Lynn Harbor at Nahant; C.L. & L.C. Hubbs 28-
55; Aug. 1928.

Osmeridae

33. Osmerus mordax \(Mitchill 1815) Rainbow smelt

Storer (1839) reported smelt (as Osmerus viridescens) taken in
nets and by hook under the ice in winter, with 750,000 dozen
taken annually in Watertown alone. Considered abundant by Goode
& Bean (1879a: 23) and plentiful all around the inner parts of
Massachusetts Bay and its tributary harbors by Bigelow &
Schroeder (1953a: 138). Reported from Quincy Bay, Long Island,
Boston and Mason's Point, Quincy (Jerome et al. 1966: 23).
Ranked second in numerical abundance (890 specimens, 47-190 mm
SL) and biomass in a survey of the lower Mystic River (Haedrich &
Haedrich 1974: 63). Ranked 9th (784 specimens) of 39 species
from Salem Harbor (Anderson et al. 1975: 17). The eggs are
demersal but larvae have been taken in Beverly-Salem Harbor where
they ranked 30th in abundance (Elliott et al. 1979: 8).

USNM 76352 (1, 240) Gloucester, Squam R.; F. Stacey; 12 Nov.
1879.

MCZ - 6923 (1, 143) Boston; 1853. 6930 (9, 73.5-91.0) Plymouth
Long Pond; T. Lyman; 1871. 6941 (7, 82-104) Boston Harbor; A.
Ordway; 1859. 21981 (1, 174) Nahant; L. Agassiz; 1863. 25075
(8, 120-189) Long Pond near Beverly; T. Lyman; 1881. 25584 (2,
188-205); 25765 (1, 177); and 56534 (1, 194) Charles R.,
Cambridge; K.E. Hartel; 11 Dec. 1979.

15


79247

HARTA

NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-F/NEC-51

oO
00
‘oO
{CO
i.

This TM series is used for documentation and timely communication of
preliminary results, interim reports, or special purpose Information, and
has not received complete formal review, editorial control, or detailed
editing.

An Annotated List
of the
Fishes of Massachusetts Bay

3
Bruce B. Collette and Karsten E. Hartel

‘Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA 01901
2National Systematics Laboratory, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Museum
of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
C. William Verity, Secretary
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
J. Curtis Mack Il, Assistant Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere
National Marine Fisheries Service
William E. Evans, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries
Northeast Fisheries Center
Woods Hole, Massachusetts

February 1988

j REPRODUCED BY: N
! US. Department of Commerce ms.


summers. Individuals are quite common around the deep ledges off
Cohasset (J. Wallace 1981, pers. comm.). Eggs and larvae were
present in the ichthyoplankton in Beverly-Salem Harbor (Elliott
et al. 1979: 7-8, 41). Eggs were taken from May through
September, with a peak in July, and ranked 10th in abundance (733
eggs) or 0.3% of the total. Larvae were found from June through
October and comprised 0.2% of, the total. Eggs and larvae were
found at temperatures of 12-22°C.

USNM 23232 (1, 215) Nahant.

MCZ - 14382-3 (3, 141-210) Swampscott; Lovering; received in
1860. 25482 (1, 358) Nahant; L. Agassiz. .

88. Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum 1792) Cunner

Considered "common everywhere in shallow water and in harbors" by
Goode & Bean (1879a: 14). The Massachusetts Bay region is
perhaps the species chief center of abundance, according to
Bigelow & Schroeder (1953a: 477). Due to its habitat preferences
which make it difficult to sample with seines or trawls, it was
taken in low numbers by Massachusetts Division of Marine
Fisheries surveys in the North River (Fiske et al. 1966: 18),
Beverly-Salem Harbor (Jerome et al. 1967: 34), Annisquam River-
Gloucester Harbor (Jerome et al. 1969: 29) and Lynn-Saugus Harbor
(Chesmore et al. 1972: 20). Three specimens were trawled in the
lower Mystic River (Haedrich & Haedrich 1974: 64). Ranked 14th
(146 specimens) of 40 species from Salem Harbor (Anderson et al.
1975: 17). Cunner was the most abundant species (235,935 eggs or
80.7% of the total) in Beverly-Salem Harbor (Elliott et al. 1979:
7-8, 19, 25-28). Eggs were taken from late April through mid-
October. Larvae ranked second in abundance (2,779 larvae) or
17.8% of the total. Larvae were sampled from the end of April
through the first of October with the peak at the end of. July,
and ranked second in abundance (2,779 larvae) or 17.8% of the
total. Eggs and larvae were taken in temperatures of 10- 22°C.
Cunner is the most abundant species of fish around rocks at
Nahant. Young and juveniles are abundant in tidepools at Nahant,
they were taken in 20 of 22 collections in two. tidepools, as many
as 1,842 young (9-28 mm SL) in one collection in August 1981
(Collette 1986).

USNM - 100465 (1, 23) Gloucester, Squam R.
154060 (15, 20-37) Provincetown Harbor; Grampus

7 29 April 1913.
7 1 Oct. 1915.

MCZ — 14352, 14369, 25476 (7, 20-96) Nahant; L. Agassiz. 51912
(1, 26) Boston Harbor; 1967. 52775 (2, 114-121) Cohasset
Harbor; K.E. Hartel; 1977. 56310 (1, 76) Beverly, Halfway Rock;
S. Norton; July 1979. 65174 (1842, 9-28) Nahant; B.B. Collette,
1769; 15 Aug. 1981.

ANSP 22708 (1, 145) Boston Harbor; J.H. Slack.

38


Fork Length (FL). Our list includes 141 species in 68 families
in Massachusetts Bay but lacks authoritative specimen records of
several of these. The six new records are marked with an
asterisk.

Several additional species of fishes common south of Cape
Cod have been taken in Cape Cod Bay as eggs or larvae as reported
by Scherer (1984): Strongylura marina (Belonidae), Ophidion

Marginatum (Ophidiidae), Gobiosoma ginsburgi (Gobiidae), and
‘(Bothidae). All may be found in

Massachusetts Bay.

The only "deep-sea" fishes included are those species that
are well documented in the area (e.g. Maurolicus muelleri and
Nezumia bairdii). Other deep-water forms will probably be found
beyond Stellwagen Bank or in the stomachs of deep-feeding preda-
tors such as swordfish and tuna.


INTRODUCTION

One-hundred years after Goode and Bean (1879a) produced the
first comprehensive list of species of fishes found in
Massachusetts Bay, it seems appropriate to re-evaluate the
occurrence of species in that body of water. We have produced a
new list of all species of fishes known from Massachusetts Bay
based on authoritative published reports, particularly: D.H.
Storer (1853-1867); Goode and Bean (1879a,b); Gill (1905);
Kendall (1908); Bigelow and Schroeder (1953a); and the surveys of
the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries (MDMF, see
Chesmore et al. 1972; Clayton et al. 1976; Fiske et al. 1966; and
Jerome et al. 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969).

We have examined specimens in museum collections, especially
the Museum of. Comparative Zoology at Harvard University (MCZ),
the National Museum of Natural History (USNM), the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP), the University of
Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ), and the Marine Science
Institute of Northeastern University at Nahant (MSI). Bean (1880)
included Massachusetts Bay specimens of 41 species of fishes in
his list of duplicates distributed to other instutions by USNM,
1877-1880. We list those still represented by material at USNM
plus specimens that we located at ANSP and UMMZ. We also include
references to uncommon species but do not refer to all 41
species. We have tried to verify records of specimens formerly
at the Boston Society of Natural History (BSNH) and the Essex
Institute based on part of these two collections which were
transfered to the MCZ. Selected specimens from the Massachusetts
Division of Marine Fisheries (MDMF) Sandwich and Cat Cove
laboratories were also examined. Special reference to occurrence
at Nahant is due to collections made there or reported by a long
series of ichthyologists including D.H. Storer (1839-1867), R.H.
Wheatland (1862), F.W. Putnam (1866a,b), Louis Agassiz (1854-
1866), Carl L. Hubbs (1927-28) and the first author's 18 years of
summer observations there (1967-1983, 1985).

The limits of Massachusetts Bay (Figure 1) are considered to
be Gloucester on the north, Stellwagen Bank on the east, and Cape
Cod Bay on the south. This area is the same as that defined for
Massachusetts Bay in the BIOME survey of the National Marine
Fisheries Service's Northeast Fisheries Center (Lux and Kelly
1978). Species caught by recreational and commercial fisheries
are frequently poorly represented in museum collections.
Therefore, we include abundance and depth range of 43 species
taken by the BIOME survey in Massachusetts Bay (Table 1). We are
interested in records of additional species and specimens of
species not yet represented in collections for deposit at the
MCZ. Species are listed in approximately the order followed by
Robins et al. (1980). Documentation from the literature and
museum material are listed for each species. Specimen lengths
are millimeters of Standard Length (SL), Total Length (TL) or


al. 1969: 30) and in the Lynn-Saugus Harbor area, the Saugus and
Pines rivers (Chesmore et al. 1972: 20). Ranked 3list (4
specimens) of 40 species from Salem Harbor (Anderson et al. 1975:
17).

MCZ - 13710 (1, 127) Massachusetts Bay; Aquarial Gardens. 32953
(1, 260) Cohasset; 1932. 56191, 56192, 56276, 56284 (4, 162-207)
Nahant, East Point, Dive Beach; S. Norton; 1979-80.

UMMZ - 89258 (1, 106) East Point, Nahant; C.L. Hubbs & W.C.
Schroeder, H27-103; 16 Aug. 1927. 126216 (2, 216-239) Cohasset;
A. Loveridge; 26 June 1932.

MSI - (3, 230-320) Nahant, 1968-1973.

118. Triglops murrayi Ginther 1888 Moustache sculpin

There are early records from Massachusetts Bay (Goode & Bean
1879a: 13) and from Race Point lighthouse (Kendall 1908: 121;
USNM 31580). Bigelow & Schroeder (1953a: 442) considered the
species, as the junior synonym T. ommatistius Gilbert 1913,

uncommon but trawled them in Massachusetts Bay.

USNM 73921 (1, 86) Gloucester; holotype of Triglops ommatistius
Gilbert.

Agonidae

119. Aspidophoroides monopterygius (Bloch 1786) Alligatorfish

The earliest report is of 3 specimens from the stomachs of
haddock caught within 2 mi of Nahant (Storer 1839). Other early
records are from Boston Bay (Storer 1853a), Massachusetts Bay
(Goode & Bean 1877, 1879a), and Ipswich Bay (Kendall 1908: 125,
based on BSNH specimen). Bigelow & Schroeder (1953a: 458)
considered this species to be not uncommon, based on 8 specimens
trawled at 32 fm in Ipswich Bay and 6 more from 27 fm in the
inner part of Massachusetts Bay. Larvae ranked 29th in abundance
(4 larvae) in Beverly-Salem Harbor (Elliott et al. 1979: 8). A
total of 27 specimens was taken at 10 BIOME stations at depths of
40-88 m (Table 1).

USNM - 23174, 24336, 31565, 41752-53, 41758-62, 417565-66, 41772,
41774-75, 41778-79, 83872, 134946 (86, 49-125) Gloucester,
Stellwagen Bank, Massachusetts Bay; Fish. Comm.; 1877-79.

MCZ ~ 13457, 26628, 27807, 41215 (5, 95-115) Massachusetts Bay;
1878-1880. 56689 (2, 93-94) 42°31.21'N, 70939.00'W, 62.5 m.; F/V
Francis Elizabeth Cruise 925, sta. 14; 8 May 1980.

ANSP - 12224 (1, 52) Massachusetts Bay; orig. USNM 23174. 77862
(1, 67) Massachusetts Bay; U.S. Fish Commission.

51


Carangidae

74. Caranx crysos (Mitchill 1815) : Blue runner

There are early records from Boston (Storer 1842), Charlestown
(Storer 1853b), off Gloucester (Goode & Bean 1879a: 11), and
Ipswich Bay (Kendall 1908: 81 based on BSNH specimens). Bigelow
& Schroeder (1953a: 376-377) summarized these records and noted
that while rare, this species is more likely to round Cape Cod
than is the following one. Lawton et al. (1984: 201, 204)
reported several taken by gill net near the Pilgrim Nuclear Power
Station at Plymouth in western Cape Cod Bay.

USMN 10670 (1, 160) N. Truro; S.J. Eastman; 30 Sept. 1889.

UMMZ 157064 (1, 135) Gloucester trap; A. Perlmutter; 22 Sept.
1947.

75. Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766) Crevalle jack
There are two published records of this southern fish from the
Gulf of Maine, one from Lynn Beach in the summer of 1847
(Wheatland 1852), and the second from Provincetown in 1933
(Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 376).

MCZ 29289 (1, 165) Sandwich; 1908.

76. Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758) Pilotfish
There are no records from Massachusetts Bay but it may occur
there because pilotfish have been reported from Provincetown
(Atwood 1859, MCZ 40911; Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 373) and

several localities in Maine: off Portland (Bigelow & Schroeder
1953a: 373), Richmond Island and Southport (Scattergood 1959).

USNM, MCZ, ANSP, UMMZ & MSI - 0.

77. Selar crumenopthalmus (Bloch 1793) Bigeye scad
There are no records from Massachusetts Bay, but there are 2
records for Cape Cod Bay,. Provincetown, and Sandwich (Bigelow &
Schroeder 1953a: 378).

USNM, MCZ, ANSP, UMMZ & MSI - 0.

34


i!
L

MSI - (1, 320) Nahant, East Point; B.B. Collette 1230; 1967.
(1, 128) Nahant, East Point, W. Fowle; 25 Aug. 1980.

47. Urophycis chuss (Walbaum 1792) Red hake
Reported from Massachusetts Bay by Storer (1858a) and Kendall
(1908: 143). Found in deeper parts of Massachusetts Bay
(Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 229). A single young male trawled in
lower Mystic River (Haedrich & Haedrich 1974: 64). Ranked 16th
in abundance (168 specimens) of 39 species from Salem Harbor
(Anderson et al. 1975: 17). The 4th most abundant species at
Massachusetts Bay BIOME stations, 1,018 specimens taken at 39
stations at depths of 34-91 m (Table 1). Eggs and larvae were
taken in Beverly-Salem Harbor (Elliott et al. 1979; 7-8, 34).
Eggs comprised 2.4% of the total, and were found from June to
October at water temperatures of 10-22°C. Larvae were less
abundant, 14th in abundance, 1.2% of the total. They were taken
from July to November at water temperatures of 6-22°C.

USNM 88466 (2, 290-330) Gloucester; W.W. Welsh; March 1913.
MCZ - 12389 (1, 61) Nahant. 12383 (3, 61-83) Massachusetts Bay.

MSI - 3 collections (5, 134-197) Nahant and Beverly Harbor; 1973-
75.

48. Urophycis tenuis (Mitchill 1815) White hake

Reported from between Cape Ann and Boston Harbor (Storer 1839 and
1858a). White hake are apparently more plentiful than U. chuss
at depths greater than 40-50 fm in the Gulf of Maine (Bigelow &
Schroeder 1953a: 228). However, at BIOME stations, more U. chuss
were recorded than U. tenuis (1,018 specimens from 39 stations
vs. 385 specimens from 34 stations) in the same depth range
(Table 1). Taken by otter trawl at Kings Landing, .2.5 mi.
upriver from the mouth of the North River (Fiske et al. 1966:
19). A single immature specimen trawled in lower Mystic River
(Haedrich & Haedrich 1974: 64). Ranked 23rd in abundance (69
specimens) of 39 species from Salem Harbor (Anderson et al. 1975:
17).

USNM 21790 (1, 237) Gloucester, U.S. Fish Comm.

UMMZ - 140513 (163, 54-80) Revere Beach; C.L. & L.C. Hubbs 28-24;
6-7 June 1928. 140522 (55, 53-74) Saugus River mouth; C.L. &
L.C. Hubbs 28-25; 8 June 1928. 140651 (36, 59-95) Lynn Harbor at
Nahant; C.L. & L.C. Hubbs 28-55; Aug. 1928.

MSI - (2, 140-161) Beverly Harbor; T. Levesque; 19 Aug. 1975.

(1, 107) Nahant, Little Nahant Beach; B.B. Collette 1770; 20 Aug.
1981.

22


UMMZ - 89262 (34, 8-120) East Point, Nahant; C.L. Hubbs & W.C.
Schroeder, H 27-103; 16 Aug. 1927.

MSI ~ 18 collections (474, 9-255) Nahant, East Point; 1968-1981.
Mugilidae

89. Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 Striped mullet

There is one early record from Provincetown (Storer 1853b) and
one supposedly from Essex, but mullet only rarely stray past Cape
Cod (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 306). Recent specimens were
reported from Salem Harbor (Anderson et al. 1975: 17), near the
Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station at Plymouth (Fairbanks and Lawton
1977: 310), and western Cape Cod Bay (Lawton et al. 1984: 201).

MCZ 52713 (1, 306) Plymouth, Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station; 1975.

Stichaeidae

90. Lumpenus lampretaeformis (Walbaum 1792) Snake blenny

The first Massachusetts Bay record (as Blennius serpentinus) was
of a 16-in specimen from a cod stomach (Storer 1848b).
Considered a common resident of the deep: waters of the Bay by
Goode & Bean (1879a: 10). Drifting larvae taken in tow nets off
Ipswich Bay, Cape Ann, and Boston Harbor (Bigelow & Schroeder
1953a: 496), and one larva was reported from Beverly-Salem Harbor
(Elliott et al. 1979: 50). A total of 23 specimens was recorded
at 6 BIOME stations at depths of 34-73 m (Table 1).

USNM ~ 83931 (2, 193-243) Massachusetts Bay; Speedwell. 89023
(1, 217) off Gloucester, 35 fm; C. Birdseye; 30 Aug. 1927.

7, 260-420) and MSI (3, 350-385) 42°31.21'N,

MCZ 56690 ,
-5 m; 8 May 1980.

(
70°39.0'W; 62

MDMF Cat Cove 46 (1, 280) Rockport, Thatchers I.; F/V Francis
Elizabeth Cruise 925; sta. 14; 1964.

91. Lumpenus maculatus (Fries 1837) Daubed shanny

Several specimens were collected in 40-90 fm in Massachusetts Bay
by the Fish Commission in 1887 (Goode & Bean 1879a: 10-11).
Bigelow & Schroeder (1953a: 497) had no additional records from
Massachusetts Bay. A total of 484 specimens were taken at 14
BIOME stations at depths of 55-88 m (Table 1).

MCZ 56688 (14, 78.7-125) and MSL (6, 100-117) 42°28.03'N,
70°38.09'W; 77.3 m; 10 May 1980.

39


45. Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum 1792) Atlantic tomcod

A resident species entering brackish water, common about walls
and bridges in summer and taken with nets and hooks in winter in
company with smelt (Goode & Bean 1879a: 8). Storer (1858a)
reported 2,000 bushels taken annually at Watertown (Charles
River). The species is found in practically every estuary around
the Massachusetts Bay region (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 198).
Recent reports are from Humarock, mouth of the North River (Fiske
et al. 1966: 17-18), at Long Island, Boston (Jerome et al. 1966:
23-24). Two specimens were taken in the lower Mystic River
(Haedrich & Haedrich 1974: 63). Ranked llth in abundance (617
specimens) of 39 species from Salem Harbor (Anderson et al. 1975:
17). Larvae ranked 24th in abundance, 0.1% of total, in
ichthyoplankton in Beverly-Salem Harbor (Elliott et al. 1979: 8).
Three specimens taken in a tidepool at Nahant (Collette 1986).

MCZ - 12321, 24061, 24062 (3, 274-302) Nahant; L. Agassiz.
Neponset River; K.E. Hartel (specimens not retained); June 1983.

ANSP 22747 (1, 210) Boston Harbor; J.H. Slack.
MSI 3 collections (3, 75-115) Nahant, East Point; 1968-1969.

46. Pollachius virens (Linnaeus 1758) Pollock

An extremely abundant resident species according to Goode & Bean
(1879a: 8). Common along the whole coast of Massachusetts
(Kendall 1908: 138). In the southern part of Massachusetts Bay,
harbor pollock move out in June and return again in autumn; large
pollock are in greatest numbers in late autumn and early winter
(Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 218). Taken at the mouth of North
River and offshore (Fiske et al. 1966: 17, 24). One immature
specimen taken in lower Mystic River (Haedrich & Haedrich 1974:
64). Ranked 33rd in abundance (33 specimens) of 39 species from
Salem Harbor (Anderson et al. 1975: 17). Commonly taken off
Nahant on hook and line. Taken at 8 BIOME stations at depths of
34-91 m (Table 1). Eggs and larvae were taken in Beverly-Salem
Harbor but neither were very abundant (Elliott et al. 1979: 7-8,
29). Eggs were found from September through March at
temperatures of 2-16°C and ranked 24th in abundance. Larvae were
taken from October through April at temperatures of 0-14°C and
ranked 13th in abundance.

MCZ - 12279, 12289, 12302, 12305, 12320, 12325, 12334, 12336 (51,
16-281) Swampscott, Beverly, Nahant, and Salem; 1849-1880.

UMMZ ~ 162027 (1, 251) Gloucester, Milk I.; Capt. Webb; 1878;
orig. USNM 22690. 187303 (4 skeletons, 301-407) 10 mi E of
Gloucester; K.F. Lagler; Oct. 1967.

ANSP - 9017 (1, 275) Nahant; from MCZ. 8904 (1, 245) Boston
Harbor; J.H. Slack. 8905 (1, 250) Gloucester; orig. USNM 39690.

21


133. Pseudopleuronectes americanus Winter flounder
(Walbaum 1792)

The winter flounder is the commonest shoal water flounder in the
Gulf of Maine. It was the most abundant fish taken in 3 offshore
stations in Quincy Bay (Jerome et al. 1966: 27-34), where the
bulk of the sport fishing effort in Quincy Bay is expended on the
excellent winter flounder fishery which begins in April and
continues into the fall. Ranked first to third in abundance in
the four marine stations at the mouth of the North River (Fiske
et al. 1966: 17-19). Salinities at these stations were 0.0-30.0
0/00, temperatures 39.2-60.8°F. This species also forms one of
the most important commercial and sport fisheries in this area.
Winter flounder were taken at 3 of 6 shore stations in Beverly-
Salem Harbor where it was by far the most abundant species (1,724
fish of a total of 1,977) taken at 3 regular offshore stations
(Jerome et al. 1967: 29-36). The sport fishery in the Beverly-
Salem area is also primarily dependent on the winter flounder
which abounds in the area throughout most of the year (Jerome et
al. 1967: 37). In the Annisquam River-Gloucester area, winter
flounder were taken at all 5 shore stations (Jerome et al. 1969:
26-29), and ranked first in overall abundance (1,775 of 3,108
fish). A length-frequency graph for 1,370 winter flounder, 25-
525 mm total length, from the Annisquam River-Gloucster area was
presented by Jerome et al. (1967: fig. 6). Winter flounder was
the most abundant of 32. species of fishes taken in Lynn-Saugus
Harbor, 1,502 of 4,211 fish (Chesmore et al. 1972: 20).
Chesmore et al. (1972: fig. 8) presented a length-frequency
graph for 1,502 fish, 25-440 mm total length, from the area.
Immature flounder were largely taken in the Pines-Saugus River
salt marsh complex, 89% less than 250 mm total length, while 69%
of the fish taken in open water exceeded 250 mm. Ranked first in
numerical abundance (52% of total specimens) and in biomass (89%
of total weight) in a survey of the lower Mystic River (Haedrich
& Haedrich 1974: 66). Also ranked first in abundance of 40
species taken in Salem Harbor; 23,235 of 66,965 fish (Anderson et
al. 1975: 17). Winter flounder comprised 70% of the fish taken
by sports fishermen in Salem Harbor in 1972, 65% in 1973
(Anderson et al. 1975: 25-26). Winter flounder eggs are
dermersal, but the larvae were abundant in Beverly-Salem Harbor,
ranking third in abundance (2,246 eggs) and comprising 14.4% of
the total (Elliot et al. 1979: 8, 45). Larvae were taken from
March through mid-July with the peak in May. Water temperatures
were 2-20°C in this period. Common at Massachusetts Bay BIOME
stations, 100 specimens taken at 11 stations at depths of 34-86 m
(Table 1).

MCZ - 11131, 11150, 11169 (6, 188-195) Nahant; L. Agassiz; 1858-

63. 11247 (1, 131) Massachusetts Bay; 1859. 11521 (1, 260)
Cohasset; J.W. Sovering; 1859.

58


Jacks. Family Carangidae
74, Blue runner. Caranx crysos (Mitchill) ..........6+...34
75. Crevalle jack. Caranx hippos (Linnaeus) . wee eee 34
76. Pilotfish. Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus) .............+34
77. Bigeye scad. Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch) .........34
78. Atlantic moonfish. Selene setapinnis (Mitchill) .....35
79. Lookdown. Selene vomer (Linnaeus) ......eeeeeeee oe 35
80. Banded rudderfish. Seriola zonata (Mitchill) . 2235
81. *Rough scad. Trachurus lathami Nichols ........e.0000035

Porgies. Family Sparidae
82. Scup. Stenotomus chrysops (Linnaeus) .....ceseseevees 36

Drums and croakers. Family Sciaenidae
83. Weakfish. Cynoscion regalis (Bloch & Schneider) .....36

84. Spot. Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepéde ....... errr rrr re i
85. Northern kingfish. Menticirrhus saxatilis

(Bloch & Schneider) ...ceccceeccccccecccccrceevceesedl
86. Black drum. Pogonias cromis (Linnaeus) ..............37

Wrasses. Family Labridae
87. Tautog. Tautoga onitis (Linnaeus) .......

88. Cunner. Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum)

Mullets. Family Mugilidae
89. Striped mullet. Mugil cephalus Linnaeus ............. 39

Pricklebacks. Family Stichaeidae

90. Snake blenny. Lumpenus lampretaeformis (Walbaum) ....39
91. Daubed shanny. Lumpenus maculatus (Fries) ......

92. Arctic shanny. Stichaeus punctatus (Fabricius) ......40
93. Radiated shanny. Ulvaria subbifurcata (Storer) ...... 40

Gunnels. Family Pholidae
94. Rock gunnel. Pholis gunnellus (Linnaeus) ............ 40

Wolffishes. Family Anarhichadidae

95. Atlantic wolffish.- Anarhichas lupus Linnaeus ........41
96. Spotted wolffish. Anarhichas minor Olafsen ..........41

Wrymouths. - Family Cryptacanthodidae
97. Wrymouth. Cryptacanthodes maculatus Storer ......... 42

Sand lances. Family Ammodytidae
98. American sand lance. Ammodytes americanus DeKay .....42
99. Northern sand lance. Ammodytes dubius Reinhardt .....43

Cutlassfishes. Family Trichiuridae
100. Atlantic cutlassfish. Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus .43

viii


USNM 106699 (1, 327 mm TL) N. Truro; G.S. Miller.

MCZ - 34310 (2, 260-265 mm TL) Gloucester. 9251 (54, 58-113)
Salem; Wheatland; 1859. 9274 (1, 265) Salem Harbor; C.H.
Norris; 1863. 9288 ( 1, 445) Salem Harbor; C.E. Putnam; 1858.
2490 (1, 180) Cohasset; J.W. Sovering. 31513 (1, 320) Cohasset
Harbor; N. Bryant.

UMMZ ~ 140531 (11, 51-56) Saugus River mouth; C.L. & L.C. Hubbs
28-28; 12 June 1928. 140564 (31, 51-230) Duxbury Bay; C.L. &
L.C. Hubbs 28-34; 1 July 1928. 140630 (2, 116-117) Mystic River;
C.L. & L.C. Hubbs 28-53; 31 July 1928.

ANSP 1015-17 (2, 77-181) Boston Harbor, Long I.; J.H. Slack;
1859.

MSI - Nahant, juveniles taken from tidepools, 1969 (2, 60-80),
1973 (1, 89), 1979 and 1983 (1, 294). Juvenile (118) Bear Pond,
Nahant; Aug. 1980.

Congridae

25. onger oceanicus (Mitchill 1818) Conger eel

Leptocephali found several times at Nahant but no recent material
(Putnam 1866b; Storer 1867a; Goode & Bean 1879a: 26; Bigelow &
Schroeder 1953a: 156). Bigelow & Schroeder (1936: 326) reported
on a leptocephalus picked up on a beach at Newburyport just
north of Massachusetts Bay. Its identification was confirmed by
David Smith (pers. comm. 1982). A specimen was also found in a
tidepool in Maine (Moring & Moring 1986).

MCZ 34632 (1, 99 mm TL) Newburyport; Nov. 1929.

Clupeidae

26. Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill 1815) Blueback herring

Common in Massachusetts Bay and many of its tributaries (Bigelow
& Schroeder 1953a: 107). Questionable records in early
literature may be confused with A. pseudoharengus. Reported in
recent literature from Quincy Bay at Long Island, Boston (Jerome
et al. 1966: 23-24) and the lower Mystic River (Haedrich &
Haedrich 1974: 63). Ranked 7th in abundance (1,349 specimens) in
Salem Harbor (Anderson et al. 1975: 17). A total of 346
specimens taken at 11 stations in the BIOME survey (Table 1).

USNM 22696 (1, 222) Gloucester; Bur. Fish.

12


MCZ 66808 (1, 51) off Marblehead, 42°48'N, 70°44'W; 54-55 m; R/V
Gloria Michelle 8792; 10 Sept. 1987.

114. Hemitripterus americanus (Gmelin 1789) Sea raven

Considered "very common" in Massachusetts Bay by Storer (1836,
1853a) and “common in deep water approaching the shores" by
Goode & Bean (1879a: 13-14). Other early reports are from Salem
Harbor (Putnam 1856b), Gloucester and Annisquam (Kendall 1908:
124 based on BSNH specimen). Found all around the coastal belt
of the Gulf of Maine from 1-2 fm down to 50 fm and also in the
deeper harbors such as Salem and Boston (Bigelow & Schroeder
1953a: 456). Taken by the MDMF surveys in Quincy Bay (Jerome et
al. 1966: 27), the North River (Fiske et al. 1966: 18), Beverly-
Salem Harbor (Jerome et al. 1967; 30), the Annisquam River-
Gloucester Harbor area (Jerome et al. 1969: 30), and Salem Harbor
(Anderson et al. 1975: 17). Occurs at depths of 10-20 m off
Nahant. A total of 65 specimens was taken at 17 BIOME stations
at depths of 34-79 m (Table 1).

USNM - 24614 (2, 90-102) Massachusetts Bay; Fish. Comm. 11707
(1, 86) Gloucester; Fish. Comm., 1878.

MCZ - 13980 (1, 185) Nahant; 1856. 13982 (2, 240-275) Boston
Harbor; Aquarial Gardens; 1859. 13983 (2, 124-190)
Massachusetts Bay. 27264 (1, 500) Massachusetts Bay. 42159 (1,
235) mouth of Gloucester Harbor; J. Morris; lobster trap; 15 June
1963. 51869 (1, 300) Cohasset; K.E. Hartel & J. Wallace; 3
April 1976. 56189, 56282, 56285 (3, 93-225) Nahant, East Point;
3-15 m; S. Norton; 1979-80.

ANSP - 12035 (1, 290) Nahant. 22712 (1, 225) Boston Harbor.
MSI - 2 collections (3, 245-304) Nahant, East Point; 1969-1973.

115. Myoxocephalus aenaeus (Mitchill 1815) Grubby

A common resident of shallow water (Goode & Bean 1879a: 13) that
can be found at various localities in Massachusetts Bay such as
Cape Ann, Gloucester, Salem, and Cohasset (Bigelow & Schroeder
1953a: 444). Taken by the MDMF in surveys of the North River
(Fiske et al. 1966: 18), the Annisquam River-Gloucester Harbor
area (Jerome et al. 1969: 30), and lLynn-Saugus Harbor (Chesmore
et al. 1972: 20). Three specimens were trawled in the lower
Mystic River (Haedrich & Haedrich 1974: 64). Ranked 20th (132
specimens) of 40 species from Salem Harbor (Anderson et al.
1975: 17). Larvae ranked 5th in abundance, comprising 4.4% of
the total larvae, in Beverly-Salem Harbor (Elliott et al. 1979:
8, 34). Larvae were in the plankton from February to May at
temperatures of 2-18°C with a peak in abundance in March. Common
around Nahant (Norton 1980), taken in 17 of 22 collections from
two tidepools, as many as 127 specimens in one collection
(Collette 1986).

49


129. Hippoglossoides platessoides American plaice
(Fabricius 1780)

A common species in the deep waters of the Bay, approaching the
shores in winter according to Goode & Bean (1879a: 7). Adults
not common in water Shailower than 15-20 fm; recorded from
Provincetown, Massachusetts Bay, off Cape Ann, and on Stellwagen
Bank in 25 fm (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 264). Eggs and larvae
were reported from Salem Harbor in May 1972 and eggs in April-
June 1973 (Anderson et al. 1975: 24). Eggs were in the plankton
in Beverly-Salem Harbor from February to the first part of July,
peaking in April (Elliott et al. 1979: 14). Eggs ranked 9th in
abundance (1,939 eggs, 0.7% of total), larvae 7th (528 larvae,
3.4% of total). The most abundant species in the BIOME stations
in Massachusetts Bay, 9,107 specimens taken at 42 stations at
depths of 34-91 m (Table 1).

MCZ 56694 (5, 110-195) 42°34'N, 70°35'W; 49 m; R/V Albatross IV
79-12, sta. 614; 7 Nov. 1979.

MDMF - Cat Cove 36 (1, 124) Rockport, Thatchers I.; Oct. 1963.

130. Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linnaeus 1758) Atlantic halibut

Once very abundant in Massachusetts Bay (Goode & Bean 1879a: 7).
A 200-1b individual was caught by a dory fisherman off Half-way
Rock, Salem Harbor in 1875 and a still larger fish in Gloucester
Harbor in 1876 (Goode & Bean 1879a: 7). A few "chicken" halibut,
10-1lb and upward are brought in every summer in Massachusetts
Bay, with some larger fish (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 256). A
54-lb fish was caught in Boston Harbor in June 1951 (Bigelow &
Schroeder 1953a: 250). A 170-lb halibut was caught off Scituate
and a 182-1b fish was boated on Cashes Ledge in August 1980
(Chamberlain 1980). Not taken at any BIOME stations in
Massachusetts Bay (Table 1). :

UMMZ 187304 (1, 435) 10 mi E of Gloucester; K. F. Lagler; Oct.
1967.

131. Limanda ferruginea (Storer 1839) Yellowtail flounder

Described as Platessa ferruginea by Storer (1839) from Cape Ann.
Yellowtails are common residents of the deep waters of the Bay
(Goode & Bean 1879a: 6), and are so plentiful on Stellwagen Bank
that they have long been the mainstay of the draggers that fish
there (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 274). A specimen from
Gloucester was used for fig. 136 in Bigelow & Schroeder. Recent
MDMF surveys show a wide distribution: offshore in Quincy Bay
(Jerome et al. 1966: 27-34); off.the mouth of the North River in
6 fm (Fiske et al. 1966: 20); at all 3 offshore stations in the
Beverly-Salem Harbor area, Beverly Harbor (36), Chappel Ledge
(9), and Salem Harbor (7) to rank 3rd of 27 species collected
(Jerome et al. 1967: 31, 36); ranked 1st or 2nd in abundance at

56



1908: 63; Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 311). One specimen listed

from a spring shore station in the North River (Fiske et al.
1966: 20). flach less common than G. aculeatus although found

with it.

MCZ - 6692 (2) Swampscott. 6772 (11, 31-37) Cambridge. 43176
(3) North Cohasset. 52753 (2, 32-38) Cohasset, Quarry Point;
K.E. Hartel & J. Wallace; 4 July 1977. 56403 (1, 27) Nahant,
grass flats near pharmacy; B.B. Collette; Aug. 1978. 54600 (1,
30) Hingham, Broad Cove; W.H. Krueger; 11 June 1959. 54696 (2,
36-38) Marshfield Hills; W.H. Krueger; 27 March 1960.

UMMZ - 140521 (3, 31-32) Saugus River mouth; C.L. & L.C. Hubbs
28-25; 6 June 1928. 140543 (2, 33-34) Scituate; C.L. & L.C.
Hubbs 28-32; 17 June 1928. 140567 (1, 32) Duxbury Bay; C.L. &
L.C. Hubbs 28-34; 1 July 1928.

MSI. (1, 24) Nahant, grass flats near pharmacy; 19 July 1983; B.B.
Collette 1778.

62. Pungitius pungitius (Linnaeus 1758) Ninespine stickleback

There are early reports from Salem (Storer 1839; Putnam 1856b;
Wheatland 1862) and Annisquam (Kendall 1908: 61, based on BSNH
specimens). Found all around the shores of Massachusetts Bay but
never in large numbers. One specimen (42 mm TL) was collected at
Long Island, Boston (Jerome et al. 1966: 23-24). Two were taken
in 1 of 6 North River stations (Fiske et al. 1966: 18-20). Taken
at 3 of 6 shore stations in Beverly-Salem Harbor (Jerome et al.
1967: 24). Found at 1 of 4 shore stations in the Annisquam River
- Gloucester Harbor area and ranked 7th of 16 species from 7
shore stations (Jerome et al. 1969: 26, 33). Found at 2.of 5
shore stations in the Lynn-Saugus Harbor area, and ranked 10th
(67 specimens) of 32 species taken (Chesmore et al. 1972: 18-20).
Ranked 8th (976 specimens) of 40 species from Salem Harbor
(Anderson et al. 1975: 17).

MCZ - 14 lots totaling about 200 specimens mostly from Agassiz's
collections at Nahant (6753, 6782) and R.H. Wheatland's
collections from Salem Mill Pond from 1856-1860 (6678, 6734,
6745, 6767, 6661-2, 6664-6, 41236). 54602 (1, 34) N. Cohasset;
W.H. Krueger; 11 June 1959. 57271 (21, 39-56) Saugus; K.E.
Hartel; 19 Oct. 1980.

UMMZ - 4 lots collected by C.L. & L.C. Hubbs in 1928, totaling 45

specimens from Saugus River (140520), Scituate (140543), Mystic
River (140632), and Nahant (140648).

ANSP 14215-27 (12, 54-63) Salem; J.H. Slack.
MSI - (2, 46-47) Nahant, East Point tide pools; B.B. Collette
1250; 29 Aug. 1968. (19, 32-44) Nahant, Bear Pond; B.B. Collette

1779; 19 July 1983. (11, 28-43) Nahant, grass flats near
pharmacy; B.B. Collette 1778; 19 July 1983.

29


solaietatetabeieteneteetetatal . 1843b. [Trichiurus lepturus, Tetradon
mathematicus, and Zygaena malleus new to Massachusetts with
a description of Promotis rubri-cauda.] Proc. Boston Soc.
Nat. Hist. 1: 36-37.

Cs leaeatenteateaententeertienete . 1843c. {First record of Cybium maculatus at
Lynn.] Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 1: 40.

enone nee en eee . 1843d. [Description of Platessa glabra from
Boston Harbor.] Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 1: 130-131.

enone nee eee . 1844a. [Orthagoriscus mola from upper south
bridge, Boston.] Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 1: 195.

--------~------ . 1844b. [Scomber zonatus from Wellfleet.]

Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 1: 197.

--. 1845a. [Note on Prionotus tribulus from north
of Cape Cod.] Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 2: 51.

Sieteietatatatatated woo. 1845b. [Notes on Balistes aurantiacus from
Salem.] Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 2: 71-72.

lteter atatatatatal - 1845c. [Notes on Prionotus, with a description
of P. pileatus from Massachusetts Bay.]. Proc. Boston Soc.
Nat. Hist. 2: 77-78.

- . 1846. {Palinurus perciformis from Boston
Harbor.] Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 2: 180.

 sleatestastenteatestasteatatestanteatanted . 1847. [Descriptions of Alosa cyanonoton, A.
lineata and Platessa guadrocellata from Provincetown. ]

Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 2: 242-243.

Seated . 1848a. [Description of Motella caudacuta.]
Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 3: 5.

Saleen teeta . 1848b. [Exhibition of a figure and mention of

the description of Blennius serpentinus.] Proc. Boston Soc.
Nat. Hist. 3: 31.

lalla . 1848c. [Description of Zygaena subarcuata from
Provincetown.] Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 3: 70-71.

Dl tetetertattetetatatatated - 1848d. [Description of Carcharias atwoodi from
Provincetown.] Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 3: 71-72.

Stetatesttatatetatetateatted . 1853a. A history of the fishes of
Massachusetts. Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts. Sci., 5 (new series)
Art. 4: 49-92, plates 1-8.

Seles . 1853b. A history of the fishes of
Massachusetts. Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts. Sci., 5 (new series)
Art. 8: 122-168, plates 9-16.

69


Fistulariidae

63. Fistularia tabacaria Linnaeus 1758 Bluespotted cornetfish

There are 2 records from the Gulf of Maine, 1 from Rockport,
taken in Sept. 1865 (Goode & Bean 1879a: 4) and one taken on the
northern edge of Georges Bank in 1947 (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a:
317). :

MCZ 40909 (1, 465) "Massachusetts"; D.H. Storer.
Syngnathidae

64. *Hippocampus erectus Perry 1810 Lined seahorse

This species so rarely strays past Cape Cod that there is only
one definite record (Nahant, this report) and one dubious report
(Massachusetts Bay, Goode and Bean 1879a) in the inner. parts of
the Gulf of Maine. Two specimens were collected from the Maine
coast in 1953 (Taylor et al. 1957: 33).

MCZ 56391 (1, 33 mm trunk length) Nahant, off East Point at 20 m
on lobster trapline; 21 Sept. 1976.

65. Syngnathus fuscus Storer 1839 Northern pipefish

Common throughout most of Massachusetts Bay, especially in areas
where eel grass (Zostera) is found. There are many early records
from Nahant (Storer 1839); Boston (Storer 1863), Beverly (Goode &
Bean 1879a: 4), Cohasset, Annisquam, and Swampscott (Kendall
1908: 65). Syngnathus peckianus Storer 1839 is a synonym.
Recent literature records specimens from: Quincy Bay (Jerome et
al. 1966: 26, 31), North River (Fiske et al. 1966: 18, 20),
Beverly-Salem Harbor where it ranked llth (15 specimens) of 15
species collected (Jerome et al. 1967: 24, 34), Little River and
Niles Beach in the Annisquam-Gloucester Harbor area (Jerome et
al. 1969: 28-39, 33), Lynn-Saugus Harbor (Chesmore et al. 1972:
18-20) and from Salem Harbor where it ranked 6th (1,369
specimens) of 40 species (Anderson et al. 1975: 17). Larvae
ranked llth in abundance in the ichthyoplankton in Beverly-Salem
Harbor, 280 larvae, 1.8% of the total (Elliott et al. 1979: 8).

USNM - 86574 (1, 200) Gloucester; 1878; Fish. Comm. 109528 (1,
99) Provincetown. 132737-53 (53, 114-183) Provincetown Harbor;
1 Dec. 1915. 5

30


USNM - 26356 (2, 174-170 mm FL) W. Gloucester; T. Burns; 15 Sept.
1880. 32384 (1, 325) 23 mi. E Thatchers I.; Collins. 133979 (2,
97-103) Gloucester, Riverdale Cove; 6 Aug. 1878.

MCZ - 16783 (6, 94.3-112 mm FL) Salem Harbor; R.H. Wheatland.
16738, 16985, 16938, 25481 (16, 103-213) Nahant; L. Agassiz;
1863.

ANSP - 11389 (1, 150 mm FL) Gloucester; Fish Commission. 22562
(1, 240) Nahant; J.H. Slack.

MSI (1, 177 mm FL) Nahant, East Point, Canoe Beach; B.B. Collette
1670; 29 Aug. 1978.

104. Scomberomorus maculatus (Mitchill 1815) Spanish mackerel
Storer (1843c) recorded an individual caught at Lynn in July
1841. The species has also been taken at Provincetown and at
Monhegan Island, Maine (Goode & Bean 1879a: 15-16), but there are
no recent records north of Cape Cod (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a:
348; Collette & Russo 1985: 645-646).

USNM, MCZ, ANSP, UMMZ & MSI - 0

105. Thunnus t. thynnus (Linnaeus 1758) Atlantic bluefin tuna
There are early records from the North River, Salem (Wheatland
1852; Putnam 1856c), Cape Ann, Massachusetts Bay, and
Provincetown (Storer 1853b). A 9-ft, 6-in specimen was stranded
on the flats of North River, Salem in August 1846 and a 775-1b
specimen was stranded on the beach at Beverly in July 1877 (Goode
& Bean 1879a: 15). Most occurrences in the Gulf of Maine are
outside of a line from Provincetown to Cape Ann (Bigelow &
Schroeder 1953a: 342-343).

USNM, MCZ, ANSP, UMMZ & MSI - 0

Xiphiidae
106. Xiphias gladius Linnaeus 1758 Swordfish
Swordfish are only occasionally seen off Massachusetts Bay
(Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 355).

USNM, MCZ, ANSP, UMMZ & MSI - 0

Ariommidae

107. Ariomma bondi Fowler 1930 Silver rag

Not known to occur in Massachusetts Bay, but included here on the

45


of the total or less.
MCZ 11778 (1, 48) Provincetown; J.H. Blake; ca. 1860.
MSI - (1, 960 mm TL), Nahant, East Point; 10 m; W.E. Wehling; 9

Sept. 1979. An egg mass was picked up on Short Beach, Nahant,
1971.

Merlucciidae

40. Merluccius bilinearis (Mitchill 1814) Silver hake

Reported from Boston Bay by Kendall (1908: 137). Eggs and larvae
have been taken at several localities in Massachusetts Bay
(Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 179, Fig. 85). Reported from Quincy
Bay at Pemberton Point, Hull (1, 72 mm TL) and Long Island
Bridge, Boston (4, X TL 343 mm) by Jerome et al. (1966: 27-30).
Ranked 29th in abundance (8 specimens) of 39 species from Salem
Harbor (Anderson et al. 1975: 17). Eggs and larvae were found
in the ichthyoplankton in Beverly-Salem Harbor (Elliott et al.
1979: 7-8, 41). Eggs ranked 8th in abundance, 2,572 eggs
comprising 0.9% of the total. Larvae ranked 20th, 65 larvae,
0.4% of total. Eggs were taken at 12-22°C, larvae 12-20°C. The
second most abundant species at Massachusetts Bay BIOME stations,
3,471 specimens taken at 44 stations at depths of 34-91 m (Table
1).

USNM - 31560, 14876 (4, 50-207) Massachusetts Bay; Bur. Fish.

MCZ - 12390 (1, 103) Nahant; mid 1800's. 40907 (1, 320)
Annisquam; 1880; orig. BSNH 1257. 56691 (16, 55-224) 42931.2'N,
70939'W; 62.5 fm; F/V Francis Elizabeth cr. 925, sta. 114; 8 May
1980. :

UMMZ - 126215 (1, 345) Cohasset; A. Loveridge; 13 June 1932.
146280 (1, 200) Browns Bank. .

MSI - (1, 127) Broad Sound; 2 Sept. 1976. (1, 340) Nahant, East
Point; W. Fowle; 24 June 1980. (2, 265-313) Nahant, East Point;
W. Fowle; 12 July 1980.

Gadidae

41. Brosme brosme (Miller 1776) - Cusk

Cusks are rarely taken in Cape Cod Bay or the deeper holes in
Massachusetts Bay ‘(Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 241). However,
eggs and larvae have been recorded from Beverly-Salem Harbor
(Elliott et al. 1979: 7-8). Eggs ranked 15th in abundance, less
than 0.1% of the total; larvae ranked 27th, 0.1% of the total.
Taken twice in Massachusetts Bay BIOME stations at depths of 40-

18


One specimen was taken in Salem Harbor (Anderson et al. 1975:
17). Eggs and larvae were taken occasionally in the
ichthyoplankton in Beverly-Salem Harbor, eggs ranked 23rd, larvae
33rd (1 larva) (Elliott et al. 1979: 7-8).

MCZ ~- 13473 (1, 215) Massachusetts Bay; L. Agassiz. 13474 (1,
190) Massachusetts Bay, Aquarial Gardens. 13476 (1, 260) Salem
Harbor; Essex Institute. 13489 (1, 205) Massachusetts Bay; Capt.
Putnam; 1861. 13517 (1, 241) Boston Harbor. 13522 (1, 227)
Nahant; L. Agassiz. 13523 (1, 260) Salem; Goode. 36041 (1,
250) 12-15 mi. off Plymouth; 20 Nov. 1943. 39774 (1, 190)
Winthrop; Aug. 1957. 44160 (2, 215-220) Manchester, near Gales
Point; 22 June 1970. 56275 (1, 214) Nahant, East Point, Shag
Rock; 20 m; S. Norton; 6 May 1979.

MSI (1, 265) Nahant, East Point, Canoe Beach; 1970.

MDMF Cat Cove (2, 82-112) Salem Power Plant; Dec. 1977 and 1978.

112. Prionotus evolans (Linnaeus 1758) Striped searobin

Included with a query in a list of fishes from Salem Harbor
(Wheatland 1852). Reported from Gloucester by Kendall (1908:
128, based on a BSNH specimen). Bigelow & Schroeder (1953a: 471)
listed only two additional records from north of Cape Cod:
Monhegan Island, Me. and North Truro. Six specimens were
reported from Salem Harbor by Anderson et al. (1975: 17).

MCZ - 41202 (1, 115) Massachusetts Bay; D.H. Storer; ex. BSNH
329. 42157 (1, 220) mouth of Gloucester Harbor; J. Morris; fish
trap; 5 July 1963.

Cottidae

113. Artediellus atlanticus Jordan & Evermann 1898

Atlantic hookear sculpin

Trawled in considerable numbers in Massachusetts Bay in 42-90 fm
(Goode & Bean 1877: 477), but the only other early record is from
near Race Point lighthouse (Kendall 1908: 121, based on BSNH
specimen). Bigelow & Schroeder (1953a: 441) stated that it,
under the name Artediellus uncinatus (Reinhardt 1833), was
generally distributed in the Gulf of Maine at depths greater than
20-30 fm but added no additional records from Massachusetts Bay
proper. Use of the name A, atlanticus follows Van Guelpin
(1986). Ten specimens were taken at 4 BIOME stations at depths
of 50-66 m (Table 1).

USNM - 21069 (4, 30-32) Massachusetts Bay, 33-90 fm; Fish. Comm.;
14 Aug. 1877; paratypes of Artediellus atlanticus. 31809 (4, 35-
52) Cape Cod Light House; 90 fm; Fish. Comm.; 3 Aug. 1882. 46056

(2, 42-50) Gloucester; Fish. Comm., Albatross; 1878.

48



3 stations in the Gloucester Harbor area (Jerome et al. 1969: 30-
33), Mellos Bank (852 individuals), southeast Gloucester Harbor
(56), and Wingaersheek Beach (97); 15 were taken in March-May and
October-November north of Cherry Island Bar off Revere Beach
(Chesmore et al. 1972: 24), and they ranked 15th (172
individuals) of 40 species taken in Salem Harbor (Anderson et al.
1975: 17). Eggs were taken in Beverly-Salem Harbor from March
through the first of October, peaking in June (Elliott et al.
1979: 45). The eggs ranked second in abundance (14,057 eggs, or
4.8% of total) and larvae were present in the plankton from the
end of April through October, ranking 10th in abundance and
comprising 1.9% of the total. Eggs and larvae were found at
temperatures of 4-22°C. Common at BIOME stations in
Massachusetts Bay, 803 specimens taken at 30 stations at depths
of 34-84 m (Table 1).

MCZ - 25483 (1, 345) Nahant; L. Agassiz. 56697 (6, 185-325)
42934'N, 70°35'W; 49 m; R/V Albatross IV, 79-12, Sta. 614; 7 Nov.
1979.

UMMZ - 146281 (1, 188) Browns' Bank; J. Peckwell; Nov. 1940.
187305 (2 skeletons, 270-316) 10 mi E of Gloucester; K.F.
Lagler; Oct. 1967

MSI - 2 lots (3, 95-225) Nahant; 1973-74.

132. Liopsetta putnami (Gill 1864) Smooth flounder

First reported from Massachusetts Bay by Storer (1843d) under the
name Platessa glabra Rathke, a European species of flounder.
Later described by Gill (1864) as a new genus and species,
Euchalarodus putnami, based on specimens from Salem (USNM 5368).
Goode & Bean (1877: 476) reported both E. putnami and
Pleuronectes glaber from Salem. Bean (1879) pointed out that
Storer's description was based on a female and Gill's on a male
of the same species. Reported to appear in Salem Harbor in
abundance in late December and early January, moving into shallow
water to spawn (Goode & Bean 1879a: 6). According to Bigelow &
Schroeder (1953a: 285), the smooth flounder is to be found in
estuaries, river mouths and harbors along the northern side of
Massachusetts Bay, with definite records from Salem and Boston
harbors. A specimen from Salem was used for fig. 145 in Bigelow

& Schroeder (1953a).

USNM - 5368 (2, 125-188) Salem; C.F. Putnam; syntypes of
Euchalarodus putnami. 20920 (female, 261) Salem; C.F. Putnam.

MCZ - 11082-4 (3, 146-164) Salem Harbor; C.F. Putnam. 11316 (1,
164) Boston. 56446 (5, 54-86) Neponset R., 3.5 km upriver of
mouth; K.E. Hartel et al., KEH 79-45; 1 Oct. 1979. 58270 (1,
127) Boston Harbor, Columbia Point Inlet; L. Kaufman; 29 Apr.
1981.

57




MCZ 40874 (1, 300) Massachusetts Bay; D.H. Storer.
MSI (1, 640) Nahant, found dead on Short Beach; Aug. 1973.

84, Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepéde 1802 Spot

Reported only once from the Gulf of Maine, a single specimen from
Massachusetts Bay in November 1936 (Smith and Goffin 1937: 236).
Listed by Lawton et al. (1984: 201) from near the Pilgrim Nuclear
Power Station at Plymouth in western Cape Cod Bay.

USNM, MCZ, ANSP, UMMZ & MSI - 0

85. Menticirrhus saxatilis Northern kingfish
(Bloch & Schneider 1801)

One individual was taken at the entrance to Boston Harbor before
1833, one at Lynn in 1840, and 2 from Provincetown (Storer 1842,
1853b). Goode & Bean (1879a: 17) reported one from Marblehead
Light and another from Spite Bridge, Danvers. Bean (1880: 93)
listed USNM 21441 from Cohasset Narrows as being distributed to
another institution. Lawton et al. (1984: 201, 203-204) reported
one specimen taken by otter trawl, 1970-1976 and several by gill
nets from near the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station at Plymouth in
western Cape Cod Bay. Larvae were reported from Cape Cod Bay in
July and August by Scherer (1984: 158).

USNM, MCZ, ANSP, UMMZ & MSI - 0

86. Pogonias cromis (Linnaeus 1766) Black drum

Only a stray visitor to the Gulf of Maine, where 2 or 3 specimens
have been taken at Provincetown (Goode & Bean 1879a: 17), and one
in the Mystic River (Kendall 1908: 107, based on BSNH specimens).
Bigelow & Schroeder (1953a: 426) added no recent records. Listed
by Lawton et al. (1984: 201) from near the Pilgrim Nuclear Power
Station at Plymouth in western Cape Cod Bay.

USNM, MCZ, ANSP, UMMZ & MSI - 0
Labridae

87. Tautoga onitis (Linnaeus 1758) Tautog

There are early records from Plymouth, Nahant, Lynn and Boston
(Storer 1855). Bigelow & Schroeder (1953a: 481) summarized early
speculations as to whether tautog are native north of Cape Cod or
introduced. Several have been seen around Nahant in recent

37


78. Selene setapinnis (Mitchill 1815) Atlantic moonfish

There are several early records from near South Boston (Storer
1853b), Danvers, North River, Salem, and Gloucester (Goode &
Bean 1879a: 16). Impinged on traveling screens at Salem Power
Plant, but not found during field sampling (Anderson et al. 1975:
15).

MCZ - 16798 (1, 40) Quincy; J.P. Thresher; mid-1800's. 41234 (1,
35) Dorchester; W.T. Hersey; April 1870; originally identified
as Selene vomer, ex. BSNH 1252.

79. Selene vomer (Linnaeus 1758) Lookdown

Bigelow & Schroeder (1953a: 380) reported occasional specimens
from Beverly and North Truro. A Dorchester record (Kendall 1908:
83) is based on a BSNH specimen (now MCZ 41234) which we identify
as Selene setapinnis. Lawton et al. (1984: 202-203) reported a
specimen from near the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station at Plymouth
in western Cape Cod Bay.

USNM, MCZ, UMMZ & MSI - 0

80. Seriola zonata (Mitchill 1815) Banded rudderfish

A rare visitor to the Gulf of Maine with records from Beverly,
Provincetown (MCZ 16955), Wellfleet (Storer 1844b) and North
River, Salem (Goode & Bean 1879a: 16; Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a:
374). Lawton et al. (1984: 201, 204) reported several taken by
gill net from near the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station at Plymouth
in western Cape Cod Bay.

USNM 48909 (1, 155) N. Truro; G.S. Miller, Jr.; 3 Sept. 1890.
MCZ 17332 (1, 215) Boston.

UMMZ 157062 (1, 174) Gloucester, Annisquam River; A. Perlmutter;
9 Sept. 1947.

81. *Trachurus lathami Nichols 1920 , Rough scad
Bigelow & Schroeder (1953a: 377) mentioned specimens from Maine
and Cape Cod. We have examined 2 specimens, procured by John
Kaylor in 1985, from the Annisquam River, Gloucester which are
the only known records for Massachusetts Bay proper.

MCZ - 37141 (1, 87) Sandwich; B. Morrow; Aug. 9, 1950. 63051 (2,
110-115) Annisquam R., Gloucester; J. Randazza; fall 1985.

ANSP 147879 (1, 200) Provincetown; C. Mayo; summer 1959.

35


Monacanthidae

136. Monacanthus hispidus (Linnaeus 1766) Planehead filefish

Specimens were reported from Hingham, Lynn, Nahant, and Boston as
M. massachusettensis Storer 1839, M. brocchus Mitchill, and M.
signifer by Storer (1863). Goode & Bean (1879a: 4) noted that it
was "occasionally seen in summer in protected bays." Bigelow &
Schroeder (1953a: 523) noted that it was likely that a
"filefish" taken in Beverly in 1933 was of this species. Never
common‘north of Cape Cod. Lawton et al. (1984: 202-203)
reported 20 specimens from near the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station
at Plymouth in western Cape Cod Bay.

MCZ 37150 (1, 83) Provincetown trap; F. Mather; 6 Oct. 1950.

137. Aluterus schoepfi (Walbaum 1792) Orange filefish

The first Massachusetts Bay record was a specimen taken in Salem
in Aug. 1845 reported by Storer (1845b) as Balistes aurantiacus.
Bigelow & Schroeder (1953a: 525) reported only 3 Gulf of Maine
records, 1 from Portland, Maine and 2 from Salem, "all of them
many years ago." Listed by Lawton et al. (1984: 202) from near
the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station at Plymouth in western Cape Cod
Bay.

MCZ 41267 (2, 110-126) "Massachusetts Bay;" D.H. Storer; ex. BSNH
450.

Tetraodontidae

138. Sphoeroides maculatus Northern puffer
(Bloch & Schneider 1801)

A specimen was reported from Salem Harbor by Wheatland (1852:
124) and this specimen was believed to be the one found in the
Essex Institute (Goode & Bean 1879a: 3). A specimen from
Cohasset Narrows (USNM 21444) was listed, as Tetraodon turgidus
Mitchill, as being distributed as a duplicate by Bean (1880: 76).
Another specimen was caught at Gloucester in August 1920 (MacCoy
1933: 9) and this was the only other record known from Essex
County by Bigelow & Schroeder (1953a: 527). One (MCZ 57903) was
dropped by a gull at Nahant in 1980. Lawton et al. (1984: 202-
203) reported one specimen from near the Pilgrim Nuclear Power
Station at Plymouth in western Cape Cod Bay.

USNM 134206 (1, 172) Gloucester; W.A. Wilcox; June 1885.

60



ANNOTATED LIST

Myxinidae

1. Myxine glutinosa Linnaeus 1758 Atlantic hagfish

Numerous in deeper parts of Massachusetts Bay (Bigelow &
Schroeder 1953a: 12) where it is occasionally taken after it has
bored into the body cavity of hooked or gilled fishes. Taken at
4 BIOME stations at depths of 55-83 m (Table 1).

USNM 119079 (1, 265 mm TL) near Gloucester; Bur. Fish.; 19 March
1913.

MCZ 35764 (3, 340-430 mm TL) 32 mi ESE Thatchers I., 62 fm; 1937.

MDMF Sandwich Lab (1, 365 mm TL) 42°22.96'N, 70°42.07'W, 54 m;
R/V Francis Elizabeth, Cr. 926, Sta. 23; 11 Sept. 1980.

Petromyzontidae

2. Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus 1758 Sea lamprey

The sea lamprey occurs along the whole coast line of the Gulf of
Maine (Bigelow & Schroeder: 1953a 14). Reported from Beverly and
Salem by Goode & Bean (1879a: 31). Still common in some
freshwater streams but widely reduced in numbers throughout the
region due to damming.

MCZ - 8861, 8866, 41007, 41012, 41848 (7, 135-780 mm TL) from
Salem-Beverly Harbor, "Massachusetts Bay," Swampscott, Boston
Harbor, and Gloucester.

ANSP 359 (1, 660) Boston; J.H. Slack; 1859.

MDMF Cat Cove 43 (2) 20 May 1969.
Odontaspididae

3.  Eugomphodus taurus (Rafinesque 1810) Sand tiger

Reported from Lynn by Storer (1842) and Boston Bay (Kendall 1908:
6). A 4-ft long specimen was taken at Cohasset (Bigelow &
Schroeder 1953a: 19). Rare in Massachusetts Bay but common south
of Cape Cod.

MCZ - 402 S (juv. male, 1070 mm TL) Nahant; 1864. 436 S (juv.
female, 950 mm TL) "Mass.".


Scorpaenidae

110. Sebastes fasciatus Storer 1854 Acadian redfish

There are early reports, usually as S. marinus, from
Massachusetts Bay (Storer 1839), Misery Island, Salem Harbor
(Wheatland 1852; Putnam 1856b) and Gloucester (Kendall 1908:
120). Storer originally (1854) described S. fasciatus from
Provincetown. Goode & Bean (1879a: 14) considered it "common in
summer in the deeper parts of the bay, where it appears to
breed". Considerable numbers are sometimes taken on lines or in
trawls at 20-25 fm in the Massachusetts Bay region’ (Bigelow &
Schroeder 1953a: 434). A total of 668 specimens were taken at 28
BIOME stations at depths of 35-91 m (Table l).

All records of Sebastes from Massachusetts Bay are probably
referrable to S. fasciatus, not S. marinus or S. mentella.
Counts of most USNM and MCZ specimens agree with the description
of S. fasciatus given by Ni (1981). Anal rays are usually III,
7, varely III, 8, gill-rakers on the first arch are 34-37, mostly
36, and the pectoral fin does not reach past the anus.

USNM - 46084 (3, 78-101) Massachusetts Bay; Albatross. 83929 (3,
31-51) Massachusetts Bay; Fish. Comm.; 1878. 89019 (1, 191)
Gloucester; 35 fms.; C. Birdseye; 30 Aug. 1927. 143784 (5, 56-
90) Gloucester; Fish. Comm.; 1878.

MCZ - 26663 (1, 220) Gloucester. 13849 (1, 280) Boston mkt.;
Steindachner; 1873. 22664-6 (3, 244-257) Swampscott; R.H.
Wheatland; 1859; Essex Inst.

UMMZ 146282 (1, 133) Brown's Bank; J. Rockwell; Nov. 1940.
ANSP 12201 (1, 108) Gloucester.
MDMF Cat Cove 32 (1, 99) Rockport, Thatchers I.; 1963.

Triglidae

111. Prionotus carolinus (Linnaeus 1758) Northern searobin

The first Massachusetts Bay records are from Green Island and
Phillips Point, Lynn (Storer 1842, 1845a). Prionotus pileatus
Storer 1845c is a junior synonym. Other early reports are from
Salem Harbor (Wheatland 1852), Salem (Goode & Bean 1879a: 12),
Cohasset Narrows and Annisquam (Kendall 1908: 128, based on BSNH
specimens). Material (USNM 21443) from Cohasset Narrows was
reported by Bean (1880: 85) as being distributed to another
institution. Bigelow & Schroeder (1953a: 470) added that Welsh
saw several in a trap at Manchester, and that one was trawled off
Plymouth in 30 fm in 1943. A single young specimen (95 mm) was
trawled in the lower Mystic River (Haedrich & Haedrich 1974: 64).

47


USNM 21070 (1, 25) Massachusetts Bay; Fish Comm.; 10 Aug. 1877.

122. Liparis atlanticus (Jordan & Evermann 1898) Seasnail

Generally distributed around the shoreline of the Gulf of Maine
(Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 465), with early records from Nahant
and Salem (Storer 1867a; Putnam 1874b, and Garman 1892). Taken
by MDMF surveys in Beverly-Salem Harbor (Jerome et al. 1967: 29),
the Annisquam River-Gloucester Harbor complex (Jerome et al.
1969: 30), and in Lynn-Saugus Harbor (Chesmore et al. 1972: 19).
Larvae were found in the ichthyoplankton in Beverly-Salem Harbor
from April to the first of June at water temperatures of 6-20°C
(Elliott et al. 1979: 8, 41). The larvae ranked 9th in abundance
{comprised 2.2% of the total) and peaked in abundance in April.
Common in tidepools and subtidally at Nahant; taken in 10 of 22
collections from two tidepools (Collette 1986).

MCZ - 12944 (1, 56) Nahant; A. Agassiz; 1861. 12955 (2, 24-28)
Massachusetts Bay. 12956 (1, 25) Salem Harbor; 1873. 56060 (1,
71) Cohasset. 5 recent MCZ (56000's) lots (27, 51-79) from
Nahant; S. Norton; 1979-80.

MSI - 14 lots (47, 7-65) Nahant, East Point; 1968-85.

123. lLiparis coheni Able 1976 Gulf snailfish

There are early reports (as Liparis liparis or L. vulgaris) from
Salem Harbor (Putnam 1874b) and Baker's Island near Salem (Goode
& Bean 1879a: 12). Reported (as Liparis liparis) in
Massachusetts Bay by Bigelow & Schroeder (1953a: 367). Larvae
also reported as L. liparis ranked 25th in abundance in Beverly-
Salem Harbor (Elliott et al. 1979: 8). Our use of L. coheni is
based on Able (1976).

MCZ 56061 (1, 38) Nahant off Canoe Beach at 20 m; W.E. Wehling;
Aug. 1978.

MSI - several specimens collected at Nahant during parasite
study; S. Bailey; 1982-83.

MDMF Cat Cove (1, 48) Salem area.

Dactylopteridae
124. Dactylopterus volitans (Linnaeus 1758) Flying gurnard

The only report is of an individual said to have been taken in
Massachusetts Bay (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 473).

MCZ 35766 (1, 120) "Massachusetts Bay"; ex. BSNH 2147.

53


8. Lamna nasus (Bonnaterre 1788) Porbeagle

A young individual was reported off Gloucester in Oct. 1878
(Goode & Bean 1879a: 29). A 37-in specimen was taken at Nahant
(Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 21) and 2-m TL male was taken in a
gill net off Graves Light, Aug. 1979 (specimen examined by
Collette but not retained).

USNM 89929 (2 embryos attached to large eggs) near Gloucester;
M.W. Blake; Nov. 1913.

MCZ 209 S (930 cm TL) Nahant; L. Agassiz; 1854.
Carcharhinidae

9. Mustelus canis (Mitchill 1815) Smooth dogfish

Reported from off Central Wharf, Salem in 1856 by Goode & Bean
(1879a: 30). Massachusetts Bay specimens noted in the BSNH
collection (Kendall 1908: 3). A 3-ft female taken on hook and
line off Cohasset, Sept. 1951 (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 36).

MCZ 1406-8 S (3 male pups, 315-320 mm TL) "Massachusetts Bay;"
ex. BNHS 1917.

10. Prionace glauca (Linnaeus 1758) Blue shark
One specimen was caught on Stellwagen Bank, Aug. 1928 (Bigelow &
Schroeder 1953a: 39). More recently, an 8-ft male was taken
behind Lynnway Marina in 1972 (Anonymous 1972) and a 220-cm male
was harpooned on the northwest corner of Stellwagen Bank, Aug.
1980.

MCZ 36273 (jaws and photograph of 1l-ft spec.) Stellwagen Bank.
Sphyrnidae

11. Sphyrna tiburo (Linnaeus 1758) Bonnet head

Reported from Massachusetts Bay by Garman (1913). However, the

specimens are apparently no longer in existence (Bigelow &
Schroeder 1953a: 45).

MCZ, UMMZ & MSI - 0.


ABSTRACT

~The list includes 141 species in 68 families based on
authoritative literature reports and museum specimens. First
records for Massachusetts Bay are recorded for: Atlantic angel
shark, Squatina_dumeril; smooth skate, Raja. sentaj, wo wolf

eelpout, Lycenchelys_verrillii; lined seahorse, Hippocampus .

erectus;, rough scad, Trachurus Jathamis ar and smalimouth flounder,
Etropus._microstomus ae

Preceding page blank iii



MCZ - 23 lots, totaling 226 specimens from Nahant (6679, 6747,
6679, 6743, 56402), Salem (6742), Beverly (6775), Marshfield
(43175, 54585-6, 54590-4), Cohasset (51855, 51872) and Weymouth
(54587). .

UMMZ - 5 lots collected by C.L. & L.C. Hubbs in 1928, totaling 73
specimens from Saugus River (140519, 140535), Scituate (140574),
Duxbury Bay (140569), and the Mystic River (140634).

MSI - (8, 25-32) Nahant, Bear Pond; B.B. Collette & K.E. Hartel,
BBC 1758; 31 Aug. 1980. (18, 21-42) Nahant, Bear Pond; B.B.
Collette 1779; 19 July 1983;

60. Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus 1758 Threespine stickleback

Common to plentiful in estuaries of Massachusetts Bay. There are
early records from Boston (Storer 1839), Brookline (Storer
1853a), Salem (Putnam 1856b; Wheatland 1862), Annisquam,
Cohasset, and Malden (Kendall 1908: 62). Present at all 4 shore
stations in Quincy Bay and ranked 3rd in abundance (182
specimens) of the 12 species taken (Jerome et al. 1966: 23, 31).
Taken at 3 of 6 shore stations in the North River (Fiske et al.
1966: 18). Found at 5 of 6 shore stations in Beverly-Salem
Harbor and ranked 8th (46 specimens) of 15 species taken (Jerome
et al. 1967: 24, 34). Collected at 3 of 4 shore stations in the
Annisquam-Gloucester Harbor area and ranked 4th of 16 species at
7 shore stations (Jerome et al. 1969: 26, 33). Found at all 5
shore stations in Lynn-Saugus Harbor and ranked 4th (287
specimens) in abundance of 32 species taken (Chesmore et al.
1972: 18-19, 20). Ranked 3rd (10,495 specimens) of 40 species
from Salem Harbor (Anderson et al. 1975: 17). Common in
tidepools at Nahant, taken in 15 of 22 collections in two
tidepools (Collette 1986).

MCZ - 21 lots totaling 428 specimens from Nahant (6669, 6679,
6719, 6743, 56404), Swampscott (6752, 6687), Salem (6663-4,
27421), Boston (6703, 33401, 54249), Cohasset (52514),
Gloucester (54575), Cambridge (6672, 6676), Marshfield (54577),
and Hingham (54578).

UMMZ - 5 lots collected by C.L. & L.C. Hubbs in 1928, totaling
755 specimens from Saugus River (140518, 140534), Duxbury Bay
(140568), Mystic River (140633), and Nahant (140649).

MSI - 15 lots totaling 155 specimens from tidepools at East

Point, Nahant and from grass flats near the pharmacy at Nahant;
1968-1985.

61. Gasterosteus wheatlandi Blackspotted stickleback
Putnam 1866

Originally described from Nahant by Putnam (1866a) but the type-

specimens have been lost. Also reported from Swampscott (Kendall

28


atatetahetatetateteetetatel - 1854. [Description of Sebastes fasciatus.)
Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 5-31.

-oo-. 61855. A history of the fishes of
Massachusetts. Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts. Sci., 5(new series)
Art. 12: 257-296, plates 17-23.

Satahahatatatatenatetetetatated - 1858a. A history of the fishes of
Massachusetts. Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts. Sci., 6(new series)
Art. 7: 309-372, plates 24-29.

Sdeletatetetatetetetateteatetel - 1858b. [Description of Zeus ocellatus.] Proc.
Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 6: 385-386.

oleate lahat + 1863. A history of the fishes of
Massachusetts. Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts. Sci., 8 (new series)
Art. 15: 389-434, plates 30-35.

1867a. A history of the fishes of
Massachusetts. Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts. Sci., 9 (new series)
Art. 10: 217-263, plates 36-39. :

leah + 1867b. A history of the fishes of
Massachusetts. Cambridge and Boston, Welch & Bigelow and
Dakin & Metcalf. 287 pp. 39 pls. [reprinted from Mem.
Amer. Acad. 1853-1867 as follows]:

Reprint Original
Page Plates date Vol. Art. Pages
1-44 1-8 1853 5 (4) 49-92
44-90 9-16 1853 5 (8) 122-168
91-130 17-2 1855 5 (12) 257-296
131-194 24-29 1858 5 (7) 309-372
195-240 30-35 1863 8 (15) 389-434
241-287 36-39 1867 9 (10) 217-263

Storer, H.R. 1850. Observations on the fishes of Nova Scotia,
with descriptions of new species. J. Boston Soc. Nat.
Hist. 6: 261.

Taylor, C.C., H.B. Bigelow, and H.W. Graham. 1957. Climatic
trends and the distribution of marine animals in New
England. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv. Fish. Bull. 57: 291-345.

Van Guelpen, L. 1986. Hookear sculpins (genus Artediellus) of
the North American Atlantic: taxonomy, morphological
variability, distribution, and aspects of life history.
Can. J. Zool. 64: 677-690.

Wheatland, R.H. 1852. Notice of several fishes of rare
occurence. J. Essex Co. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1(1): 122-125.

--. 1862. [Sticklebacks at Nahant and notes on
color changes in fishes]. Proc. Essex Inst. 2: 364-366.

vr U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1988--500-750--60159

70


ANSP 7731 (1, 154) Boston; orig. USNM 3452. 22348-9 (2, 138-149)
Nahant; J.H. Slack; 1859.
MDMF Cat Cove (1, 163) Town R., Quincy; 26 March 1977.

Salmonidae

34. Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum 1792) Coho salmon

Historically there have been several attempts to introduce
species of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus) in tributaries to
Massachusetts Bay. These early programs were carried out after
the decline of the Atlantic salmon and none were successful in
establishing a reproducing population. In recent years, the
Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries has begun a stocking
program in the North River drainage. Since 1971, between 3,000
and 105,000 young have been stocked annually (R. Fairbanks, MDMF,
pers. comm., 1987). Adults returning to the North River have
supported a small but steady recreational fishery (Chamberlain
1980). However, due to physical conditions in the river (dams,
etc.), no natural reproduction has taken place.

USNM, MCZ, ANSP, UMMZ & MSI: 0.

35. Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill 1815) Brook trout

Common in many streams tributary to Massachusetts Bay where
naturally reproducing populations are supplemented by stocking.
Historically, some individuals from coastal streams entered
Massachusetts Bay (Goode & Bean 1879a: 23). Bigelow and
Schroeder (1953a: 121) mentioned that only "a couple of small
streams on the Massachusetts Bay side of the Cape still support a
race of trout that ran down to the sea regularly”.

USNM, MCZ, ANSP, UMMZ & MSI: no saltwater specimens.

36. Salmo salar Linnaeus 1758 Atlantic salmon

Storer (1839) reviewed the early decline of the species. Prior
to the damming of streams (particularly the Merrimack in 1847),
the Atlantic salmon was undoubtedly common in Massachusetts Bay.
However, there have been no real spawning runs since 1860
(Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 125), and most records of the
species since then in local tributaries probably resulted from
extensive, though unsuccessful, stocking attempts. Occasionally,
a number of fish, which are probably from northern populations,
enter the area (eg. 4,400 lbs taken on the North Shore in 1937).
Current efforts being made to reintroduce the fish to the
Merrimack may be more successful than earlier stocking programs.

16




MDMF - Cat Cove 27 (1, 45) Rockport, Thatchers I.; 1963.

92. Stichaeus punctatus (Fabricius 1780) Arctic shanny

There is only one record for Massachusetts Bay, at Nahant
(Collette & MacPhee 1969).

USNM 203405 (1, 43) Nahant; B.B. Collette & J.A. MacPhee; 22 July
1968.

93. Ulvaria subbifurcata (Storer 1839) Radiated shanny

First described by Storer from a specimen found at low tide among
seaweed at Nahant in 1838. Bigelow & Schroeder (1953a: 500)
found several individuals in tide pools at Nahant, trawled the
species in Massachusetts Bay, and took its pelagic larvae in tow
nets in Massachusetts Bay. The eggs are demersal; larvae were
taken in Beverly-Salem Harbor from April through July, peaking in
abundance at the end of April into May (Elliott et al. 1979: 8,
34, 37-38). Ranked fourth in abundance (1603 larvae) comprising
10.2% of the total larvae. The species can usually be taken
subtidally around rocky shores at Nahant with the aid of
rotenone. Taken in 12 of 22 collections from two tidepools at
Nahant (Collette 1986).

MCZ - 9 lots (24, 20-110) Nahant. 3 lots (3, 73.7-98.7) Halfway
Rock, Beverly; 1978-1980. 52697 (1, 20) Cohasset, 1977.

UMMZ 89259 (13, 22-105) East Point, Nahant; C.L. Hubbs & W. C.
Schroeder, H 27-103; 16 Aug. 1927.

MSI - 12 lots (26, 18-116) Nahant.
Pholidae

94. Pholis gunnellus (Linnaeus 1758) Rock gunnel

There are early reports of this species under names including
Muraenoides ingens H. R. Storer, M. macrocephalus Girard, and
Gunnellus mucronatus H.R. Storer from Chelsea Beach (H.R. Storer
1850), Nahant (Storer 1855), Naugus Head (Goode & Bean 1879a:
11), and Ipswich Bay (Kendall 1908: 133). Found along the north
shore of Massachusetts Bay, at Cohasset on the south shore, and
off Plymouth (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 494; p. 492, fig. 257,
Gloucester specimen). This species has demersal eggs but the
larvae are a common component of the ichthyoplankton (Elliott et
al. 1979: 8), ranking 17th in abundance (104 larvae), or 0.7% of
the total larvae in Beverly-Salem Harbor. This is the most abun-
dant species in Nahant tidepools, taken in all 22 collections in
two tidepools, 2 to 232 specimens per collection (Collette 1986).

40


ANSP 22740 (1, 430) Gloucester; orig. USNM 22632.

MSI - 5 collections (6, 230-682) Nahant and Beverly Harbor; 1967-
1974.

Hemiramphidae
52. Hyporhamphus cf. unifasciatus (Ranzani 1842) Halfbeak

An early report of Hemiramphus from Danvers Mill Pond (Putnam
187la) probably refers to this species. There are three 1951
records from Massachusetts Bay - Quincy Bay, off Revere, and
Sandwich (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 169).

MCZ ~ 37326 (1, 139) Revere. 37327 (1, 172) Quincy Bay. 37342
(1, 153) Sandwich.

Scomberesocidae

53. Scomberesox saurus (Walbaum 1792) Atlantic saury
Reported from Massachusetts Bay by Goode & Bean (1879a: 21) and
from the Weir River, Hingham, on the basis of BSNH specimens by
Kendall (1908: 58). Bigelow & Schroeder (1953a: 170) reported
seeing schools at several locations in Massachusetts Bay.
MCZ 35762 (1, 230) Weir R., Hingham; 1874; ex. BSNH 1156.

MSI (1, 350) Middle Bank, part of Stellwagen Bank; 1974.

Cyprinodontidae
54. Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus Mummichog

(Walbaum 1792)

An abundant species in every saltmarsh and protected backwater in
Massachusetts Bay. There are early records from Boston (Storer
1839) and Salem (Kendall 1908: 62). Taken at Humarock and First
Herring Brook, Scituate (Fiske et al. 1966: 17-18). Ranked 2nd
in abundance (5,333 specimens) of 12 species taken at four shore
stations in Quincy Bay (Jerome et al. 1966: 23-31). Ranked 5th
in abundance (2,848 specimens) of 39 species from Salem Harbor
(Anderson et al. 1975: 17). Found in 8 of 22 samples from two
Nahant tidepools (Collette 1986). We follow Morin and Able
(1983) in our use of the subspecies macrolepidotus.

USNM - 91467 (8, 43-46) Gloucester, Little R.; W.W. Welsh; 20 May

1913. 125539 (7, 97-170) Truro, Parmett R.; Bur. Fish.; 14 Sept.
1842.

24


Pomatomidae
70. Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus 1758) Bluefish

There are early records from Lynn (Storer 1842), Beverly (Cabot
1846), Nahant (Jackson 1847) and Hingham (Kendall 1908).
According to Storer (1853b), the first bluefish seen. north of
Cape Cod after a long period of absence was in Oct. 1837. This
species was extremely abundant in Massachusetts Bay from 1850-
1860 (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 386). Bluefish are taken by the
trap net fishery outside Beverly-Salem Harbor (Jerome et al.
1967: 37). Ranked 30th (6 specimens) of 40 species in Salem
Harbor (Anderson et al. 1975: 17). Common off Nahant in late
August in some summers; 15 were taken on hook and line on 29 Aug.
1978.

USNM 88461-2 (2, 123-160) Massachusetts; W.W. Welsh.

MCZ - 16950 (1, 81) Boston; 1853. 16940 (1, 139) Massachusetts
Bay. 41909 (2, 76-107) Gloucester; 1962.

MDMF - Cat Cove (2, 60-75) Salem Power Plant; 1977, 1978.

Echeneidae

71. Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus 1758 Sharksucker

There are two early records, one from the bottom of a fishing
boat in Boston Harbor (Storer 1839), and a second from Salem
Harbor (Wheatland 1852). Bigelow & Schroeder (1953a: 485) had no
new records to add. A specimen was attached to a 9-ft blue shark
(Prionace glauca) caught off the Lynnway Marina on 27 Aug. 1972
(photo in Herald Traveler, Anonymous 1972).

USNM, MCZ, ANSP, UMMZ & MSI - 0

72. Remora brachyptera (Lowe 1839) Spearfish remora
Not infrequently accompanying swordfish into Massachusetts Bay
according to Goode & Bean (1879a: 21), but there are no recent
records.

USNM, MCZ, ANSP, UMMZ & MSI - 0

73. Remora remora (Linnaeus 1758) Remora
The only Gulf of Maine records are of one taken many years ago in
Salem Harbor (Goode & Bean 1879a: 21) and one from Provincetown
(Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 487).

USNM, MCZ, ANSP, UMMZ & MSI - 0

33


48 m (Table 1).

USNM - 22319 (1, 472) Gloucester; 1878; Fish. Comm. 24712 (1,
375) Gloucester, 5 mi. SSE Eastern Pt.; Dec. 1879; F. Fowler.

42. Enchelyopus cimbrius (Linnaeus 1766) Fourbeard rockling

The first Massachusetts record, under the name Motella caudacuta,
is based on a specimen washed ashore at Provincetown (Storer
1848a). There are other early reports from very shallow water,
on Nahant Beach, for example, (Kendall 1908: 144, BSNH
specimens). A common bottom fish in deeper parts of
Massachusetts Bay (Goode & Bean 1879a: 89) with definite records
from Ipswich Bay, Gloucester, and Nahant (Bigelow & Schroeder
1953a: 237). Taken at 29 BIOME stations, 226 specimens at depths
of 34-91 m (Table 1). Impinged on traveling screens at the Salem
Harbor Electric Generating Station although not found during the
survey of Salem Harbor (Anderson et al. 1975: 15). Eggs and
larvae were important components of the ichthyoplankton in
Beverly-Salem Harbor from March through November (Elliott et al.
1979: 7-8, 29). Eggs ranked third in abundance, 12,781 eggs,
comprising 4.4% of the total. Larvae ranked 6th in abundance or
3.5% of the total. Eggs were in the plankton from the end of
March to early November with a peak in June. Larvae were
collected from the end of April through mid-November with a peak
in July. Eggs and larvae were collected over a temperature range
of 4-22°C.

USNM - 21918, 21919, 83925, 131920 (12, 78-234) Massachusetts
Bay; Fish. Comm.; 1877-78. 20686 (5, 35-40) Nahant; C. Cooke.
23761 (1, 190) Provincetown; Fish. Comm. 217914 (1, 293) E of
Gloucester; 14 Dec. 1975.

MCZ - 12347 (21, 10.3-22.3) Nahant; 1862. 56709 (9, 116-200)
42931.21'N, 70°39.00'W; 62.5 m; F/V Francis Elizabeth cr. 925,
sta. 14; 8 May 1980.

MSI (1, 40) Nahant; 1972.

MDMF Cat Cove - 2 collections (2, 127-146) Salem Power Plant;
1978.

43. Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758 Atlantic cod

Reported along the whole coast of Massachusetts by Storer (1839).
Common in Massachusetts Bay where spawning grounds are along the
20 £m curve in the southern half of Massachusetts Bay (Bigelow &
Schroeder 1953a: 192). Recorded from the mouth of the North
River (Fiske et al. 1966: 17), at all three off-shore stations in
Quincy Bay - Long Island Bridge and Gallups Island, Boston and
Wollaston Beach, Quincy (Jerome et al. 1966: 27-30) and ranked
13th in abundance (390 specimens) of 39 species from Salem Harbor
(Anderson et al. 1975: 17). A total of 705 specimens taken at 39

19


— 42°

: 7
/
E oN | i Gi
71° 40° 20° 70°
Figure 1. Map of Massachusetts Bay and surrounding area.

(Modified from Lux and Kelly 1978)


MSI - 7 lots (24, 139-320) from Beverly Harbor (1975), Nahant
(1977), and Lynn Harbor (1979, 1981).

MDMF Cat Cove (1, 107) Salem Harbor; 1974.

127. *Etropus microstomus (Gill 1864) Smallmouth flounder

Scherer (1984) first reported this species from Cape Cod Bay
based on larval specimens. In 1987, Steven Correia (MDMF)
collected two specimens (25-130 mm SL) of smallmouth flounder off
Wellfleet in Cape Cod Bay. The larger specimen was deposited in
the MCZ. These are the first records of adults north of Cape
Cod.. The MCZ specimen agrees with the description of E.
microstoma in Leslie and Stewart (1986) based on body depth,
squamation, and number of gill-rakers. They reported the
northern-most record for this species as New York, but 1987 MDMF
trawl surveys collected 61 specimens off Nantucket, Martha's
Vineyard and in Buzzards Bay. We have also seen a specimen
seined at Falmouth.

MCZ - 66806 (1, 116) off Wellfleet, 41°55'N 70°O0'W, 8 m; S.
Correia, MDMF; 14 Sept. 1987. 66798-66805, 66807 (44, 51-110)
Nantucket Sound, Vineyard Sound, and Buzzards Bay; MDMF; 1987.
66810 (1, 26) Falmouth, Eel Pond; A.E. Launer; 16 Sept. 1986.

Pleuronectidae

128. Glyptocephalus cynoglossus (Linnaeus 1758) Witch flounder

A common resident inhabiting the deepest part of Massachusetts
Bay but unknown until the U.S. Fish Commission found them in
great abundance in 45 fm off Salem in 1877 (Goode & Bean 1877:
476). Known from Ipswich Bay, near Gloucester, off Boston
Harbor, and in the deeper parts of the Bay (Bigelow & Schroeder
1953a: 288). Eggs of witch flounder were reported from Salem
Harbor in April and June 1972 and May and July 1973 (Anderson et
al. 1975: 24). Eggs and larvae were taken in Beverly-Salem
Harbor in 1975-76, and comprised 0.2% of the totals (Elliott et
al. 1979: 7-8, 55-56). A total of 1,429 specimens were taken at
35 BIOME stations at depths of 34-91 m (Table 1), making it the
third most abundant species.

USNM 21058 (2, 87-97) Massachusetts Bay, 90 fm; Fish. Comm.; 14
Aug. 1877.

MCZ 56710 (7, 68-180) 42°28.63'N, 70°38.09'W; 77.3 m; F/V Francis
Elizabeth cruise 925, sta. 30; 10 May 1980.

UMMZ 162028 (1, 243) Gloucester; U.S. Fish. Comm.; orig. USNM
21817.

ANSP 8839 (1, 175) Massachusetts Bay; from USNM.

55


USNM - 92222 (1, 127) Gloucester Harbor; R. Greenfield; 24 July
1929. 100464 (1, 20) Gloucester; 14 April 1913.

MCZ - 19 early collections (51, 48-193) from Nahant (12666-9,
(12694). 56199-201, 56298, 56302, 56311 (7, 59-153) Nahant; S.
Norton; 1979. 56399 (180, 39-170) Nahant, East Point; B.B.
Collette 1752; 16 Aug. 1979.

ANSP 10607-12 (6, 74-121) Boston Harbor; J.H. Slack; 1859.

UMMZ - 5 lots totaling 15 specimens from Nahant (89261, 140650,
162234) and Massachusetts Bay (162194).

MSI - 23 lots (711, 30-170) Nahant, 1967-1985 and 1 (58) Beverly
Harbor; 1974.

Anarhichadidae

95. Anarhichas lupus Linnaeus 1758 Atlantic wolffish

There are early reports of this species from the Cusk Rocks
between Cape Ann and Boston (Storer 1839, 1855), off Gloucester
and Annisquam (Kendall 1908: 135, based on BSNH specimens).
Anarhichas vomerinus Agassiz in Storer (1855), is a junior
synonym. Known from deeper rocky spots near Gloucester and
Nahant where fishermen have reported it as fairly plentiful
(Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 506). Three specimens were taken at
Mellos Bank, outside of Gloucester Harbor (Anderson et al. 1975:
30). Fourteen specimens taken at 9 BIOME stations at depths of
34-79 m (Table 1).

USNM 24701 (1, 375) Gloucester; J. Fowler.
MCZ - 12483 (1, 680) Nahant; L. Agassiz; holotype of A.
inus. 36422 (1, 610) "Massachusetts Bay"; J.A. Cutting.

‘om
56693 (1, 400) 42°28'N, 70°11'wW; 93 m; R/V Delaware II 80-02,
sta. 302; 22 April 1980.

96. Anarhichas minor Olafsen 1774 Spotted wolffish

Reported from off the mouth of Gloucester Harbor and from
Eastport, Maine by Goode & Bean (1879a: 11). Bigelow and
Schroeder (1953a: 508) noted two more records from the Gulf of
Maine (off Cape Elizabeth and off Portland Lightship).

USNM, MCZ, ANSP, UMMZ & MSI - 0

41


The USNM specimens from Gloucester, UMMZ specimens from Scituate
and the MSI specimens from Nahant agree with counts of A.
americanus from Maine-Mass.: plicae 124-142, mostly 134 or
fewer; vertebrae 64-71, mostly 69 or fewer; gill rakers 22-28,
mostly 24; and pectoral fin rays 12-14, mostly 13.

USNM 73499 (3, 95-109) Gloucester, the Cut and Pavillion Beach;
Grampus; 24 July 1895.

MCZ ~ 12472 (1, 182) Salem. 12468 (12, 53-110) Nahant.

UMMZ 140537 (181, 64-137) Scituate; C.L. & L.C. Hubbs 28-32; 17
June 1928.

MSI (135, 65-93) Nahant, East Point, Canoe Beach; B.B. Collette
1759; 7 Aug. 1980.

99. Ammodytes dubius Reinhardt 1838 Northern sand lance

This is the offshore species of sand lance. Records from deeper
water such as the 743 specimens from 12 BIOME stations at depths
of 34-88 m (Table 1) are probably referrable to this species.

The MCZ specimen from Stellwagen Bank has relatively high numbers
of vertebrae (71) and pectoral fin rays (14) agreeing with A.
dGubius but the counts of plicae (136) and gill rakers (25) are in
between the usual ranges for the two species.

MCZ 40699 (1, 177) N end Stellwagen Bank; F. Burnett; 12 Aug.
1960.

Trichiuridae

100. fTrichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758 Atlantic cutlassfish
One individual was recorded from Lynn by Storer (1843b) and
another from Salem Harbor by Goode & Bean (1879a: 14). There are
no recent records north of Cape Cod (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a:
351).

USNM, MCZ, ANSP, UMMZ & MSI - 0

43


Alopiidae

4. Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre 1758) Thresher shark

Reported from Nahant (Storer 1839) and Boston Harbor (Jackson

1852). No recent records were cited by Bigelow & Schroeder
(1953a: 33).

MCZ - 1166 S (juv. female, 128 cm TL) "Massachusetts Bay". 486 S
(juv. female, 118 cm TL) Nahant; L. Agassiz.

Lamnidae

5. Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus 1758) White shark

Reported from Provincetown by Storer (1848d) as a new species,
Carcharias atwoodi. Bigelow & Schroeder (1958) stated that
between 15 and 20 individuals of this species were captured, or
harpooned and lost in Massachusetts and Cape Cod bays between
1930 and 1958. The largest, a 15-ft, 4-in fish weighing 3,000
lbs, was taken 3 mi east of Minots Light, July 19, 1957; the
smallest measured 4-ft, 9-in (not 3 ft as reported in Bigelow and
Schroeder 1953a) and was taken near Boston Light Ship on Sept.
13, 1947. A 13-ft 1,000 1b. individual was harpooned 2 miles
east of Graves Light in Boston Harbor on August 4, 1959
(Anonymous 1959). Casey & Pratt (1985) reviewed recent western
North Atlantic records.

MCZ 39719 (female, 152 cm TL) Boston Lightship; J.W. Lowes; 13
Sept. 1947.

6. Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus 1765) Basking shark

Numerous observations of this species "basking" on the surface
exist from Massachusetts Bay. A 13-ft female was harpooned near
Boston Lightship, Aug. 1947 (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 31) and
a "600 pound" specimen was taken off Nahant in August 1980
(Anonymous 1980).

MCZ - 36620 (head) Boston Lightship; 1948. 54413 (head of female
385 cm TL) Nahant Bay, gill net; Aug. 1979.

7. %Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque 1810 ' Shortfin mako
A 2-m specimen was taken on rod and reel in summer, 1941 near
Plymouth (Bigelow & Schroeder 1953a: 25) and a similar size male
was found on the beach at Marblehead on July 7, 1985.

MCZ, UMMZ & MSI - 0.