E-87-2 and DOE V4 Project StatusBrian West (ORNL), Coleman Jones (GM)Marty Heimrich, Brent Shoffner and SwRI teamJohn Orban and Battelle teamCRC Emissions Committee MeetingPaulsboro, NJOctober 1, 20092CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteOverviewDOE V4 Project: Vehicle aging and Catalyst Durability•a.k.a. CRC E-87-2−Follow-up to DOE V1 (16 vehicle emissions/WOT study) andCRC E-87-1 WOT study•E-87-1 screened 25 vehicles−DOE/Labs selected 12 vehicle models•DOE V1 screened 16 vehicles (with some overlap of E87 and V2/EPAct vehicle models)•Competitive solicitation in 2008−Contract through ORNL−Award to SwRI – October 2008•DOE is supporting 2 additional parallel contracts toexpand and accelerate data collection−ORNL => TRC−NREL => ETC3CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteV4/E-87-2 Workplan Overview•Acquire 2-4 “matched” vehicles for each model, dedicate each toE0, E10, E15, or E20 for aging−Vehicle inspection, recruitment−Correlation FTP and WOT to confirm proper operation−Vehicles instrumented similar to E-87-1 and V1 (UEGOs andthermocouples)−Dedicate vehicles to a fuel for aging on MAD or test track(E0, E10, E15, E20 or some subset)1.Emissions test all vehicles with E0, in duplicate2.Emissions test vehicles on respective E-blend, in duplicate3.Age 25-50k on MAD or track using SRC*4.Repeat 2, repeat 15.Age additional 25-50k or to full useful life6.Repeat 2, repeat 1•At each emissions testing interval−conduct compression check and leak-down test−At TRC and ETC, conduct evap leak check*mileage intervaldependent on age.4k, 60k, 90k, 120ktest interval onnew vehicles atTRC and ETC4CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteVehicles acquired to date relatively new,needed lots of miles to get to FUL•Test plan calls for emissions tests at−0, 25, and 50k test miles (high mileage vehicles)Or−0, 50k, and full useful life odometer miles(newer, lower mileage vehicles)•What about “intermediate life” vehicles(e.g. odometers 45-70k)5CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteOdometer ranges for vehicle sets range 3kto 13k mi.Test miles based on highest odo of a “matched set”VehicleLow Odo (k mi)High Odo (k mi)Honda Accords31.434.4Chev Silverados14.427.6Nissan Altimi10.019.5Ford Tauri9.717.1Dodge Caravans40.046.5Chev Cobalts38.547.76CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite0204060801001201401601800 20 40 60 80 100 120 140VehicleMileageatStartofTest(x1,000)

Vehicle Mileage (x 1,000)StartingODIntermediateTestFinalTestProposed plan for mileage accumulation50k50k25k25k45707CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteE87-2 (V4) - Catalyst AgingTable shows protocol for 1 vehicle type at SwRIBaselineSRCAging25-50kEmissionsEmissionsE0E0 + E10E0 + E15E0 + E20E0E0 + E10E0 + E15E0 + E20E0E0 + E10E0 + E15E0 + E20RE0RE10RE15RE20RE0RE10RE15RE20SRC AgingFUL or 25k8CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteV4 Project Status•Vehicle emissions testing and agingunderway at SwRI (E-87-2 with CRC)−Aging on mileage accumulation dynamometers−23 vehicles purchased and under test•Parallel V4 contracts underway−TRC (Ohio)•Aging on track•12 new 2009 vehicles (4 matched sets of 3– 3 fuels per model)−ETC (Colorado)•Mileage accumulation dynamometers•8 new 2009 vehicles (4 matched pairs – 2fuels per model)Ford TaurusNissan AltimaChevy SilveradoTRC TrackMAD ConsolesHonda Accord9CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteE-87-2 Program Status•SwRI has purchased 25 vehicles (23 under test)−5 models, 4 matched vehicles per model, 1 vehicle per fuel for aging−3 Cobalts – first veh model to use 3 fuels (no E10)•2007 Accordcomplete (3/4)•2006 Chevrolet Silverado120k tests underway•2008 Nissan Altimacompleted 0k, 50k, on MADs•2008 Ford Tauruscompleted 0k, on MADs•2007 Dodge Caravancompleted 0k (3/4)•2006 Chev Cobaltin prep•NEXT:−2006 Nissan Questshopping−2002 Nissan Frontiershopping−Other non-Tier 2 vehicles developing proposal....10CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite2007 Honda Accords havecompleted 120k emissions tests•Dedicated E10 vehicle replaced early inprogram−Replacement “10B” vehicle currently under testfor 120k emissions•Preliminary results for available data follow11CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteFuel Economy.Range bars denote max and min forduplicate tests24.525.025.526.026.527.027.528.0

Fuel Economy (mi/gal)CompositeFuelEconomyE0E10E15E200|50|FUL0|50|FUL0|50|FUL0|50|FULR0R10R15R20TestFuelTestMilesRoadFuel12CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteNMHC.Range bars denote max and min for duplicate tests0.000.010.020.030.040.050.060.07

NMHC (g/mi)CompositeNMHCE0E10E15E200|50|FUL0|50|FUL0|50|FUL0|50|FULR0R10R15R20TestFuelTestMilesRoadFuel13CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteCO.Range bars denote max and min for duplicate tests0.000.050.100.150.200.250.300.350.40

CO (g/mi)CompositeCOE0E10E15E200|50|FUL0|50|FUL0|50|FUL0|50|FULR0R10R15R20TestFuelTestMilesRoadFuel14CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteNOx.Range bars denote max and min for duplicate tests0.0000.0050.0100.0150.0200.0250.0300.035

NO x (g/mi)CompositeNOxE0E10E15E200|50|FUL0|50|FUL0|50|FUL0|50|FULR0R10R15R20TestFuelTestMilesRoadFuel15CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteEtOH.Range bars denote max and min for duplicate tests0.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.61.82.0

Ethanol (mg/mi)CompositeEthanolE0E10E15E200|50|FUL0|50|FUL0|50|FUL0|50|FULR0R10R15R20TestFuelTestMilesRoadFuel16CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteAcetaldehyde.Range bars denote max and min forduplicate tests0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0

Acetaldehyde (mg/mi)CompositeAcetaldehydeE0E10E15E200|50|FUL0|50|FUL0|50|FUL0|50|FULR0R10R15R20TestFuelTestMilesRoadFuel17CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteHCHO.Range bars denote max and min for duplicate tests0.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.61.82.0

Formaldehyde (mg/mi)CompositeFormaldehydeE0E10E15E200|50|FUL0|50|FUL0|50|FUL0|50|FULR0R10R15R20TestFuelTestMilesRoadFuel18CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite•Several relevant criteria impact vehicle selection−Model year, emissions standard (e.g., Tier 2, non-Tier 2)−Manufacturer, sales/registration volumes−LFT or non-LFT at WOT•Guidance and screening studies impact selection−EPA V2 vehicle list (19 popular models –test all)−CRC E-87-1 (e.g., “CRC Top Ten” non-LFT vehicles)−DOE V1 (additional info on LFT/non-LFT)•DOE/EPA guidance of Jan09, Apr09, Aug09−Test all V2 vehicle models, multiple model years okay•1 exception – 2006 Nissan Quest replaces 2007 ToyotaSiennaVehicle Selection Challenge19CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite43 Vehicles Currently Under Test at 3 Sites14 models, 2006-2009, Tier 2Year Vehicle number2006 Chevrolet Silverado 4E0E10E15E202007 Honda Accord 4E0E10E15E202008 Nissan Altima 4E0E10E15E202008 Ford Taurus 4E0E10E15E202007 Chrysler Caravan 4E0E10E15E202006 Chevrolet Cobalt 3E0E15E20Year Vehicle number2009 Jeep Liberty 3E0E15E202009 Ford Explorer 3E0E15E202009 Honda Civic 3E0E15E202009 Toyota Corolla 3E0E15E20TBDTBD TBDEnvironmental Testing Corp (Colorado), mileage accumulation dynamometersYear Vehicle number2009 Saturn Outlook 2E0E152009 Toyota Camry 2E0E152009 Ford Focus 2E0E152009 Honda Odyssey 2E0E15TBDTBD TBDTBDFuelsV4 Project Vehicle Summary (Vehicle Aging)Transportation Research Center (Ohio), test track agingFuelsTBDFuelsSouthwest Research Institute (Texas), mileage accumulation dynamometers (E-87-2)23Vehicles12Vehicles8vehicles20CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteYear Make/Model# of vehicles/fuels to be testedYear make/model# of vehicles/fuels to be tested2006 Chevrolet Silverado 4 (E0, E10, E15, E20)2007 Honda Accord4 (E0, E10, E15, E20)2008 Ford Taurus4 (E0, E10, E15, E20)2007 Chrysler Caravan 4 (E0, E10, E15, E20)2008 Nissan Altima4 (E0, E10, E15, E20)2006 Chevrolet Cobalt 3 (E0, E15, E20)2006 Nissan Quest3 (E0, E15, E20)2007 Dodge Caliber3 (E0, E15, E20)2002 Nissan Frontier** 3 (E0, E15, E20)2009 Ford Explorer 3 (E0, E15, E20)2009 Honda Civic3 (E0, E15, E20)2009 Toyota Corolla 3 (E0, E15, E20)2009 Jeep Liberty3 (E0, E15, E20)2006 Chevrolet Impala 3 (E0, E15, E20)2005 Toyota Tundra 3 (E0, E15, E20)2005 Ford F1503 (E0, E15, E20)2009 Saturn Outlook 2 (E0, E15)2009 Honda Odyssey 2 (E0, E15)2009 Toyota Camry 2 (E0, E15)2009 Ford Focus2 (E0, E15)SwRITRCETCVehicles Anticipated to Apply LFT at WOT*Vehicles Anticipated to NOT apply LFT at WOT** LFT/non-LFT status basedon prior screening or best guessat this time** denotes non-Tier 2 vehicle920 models (61 vehicles) identified for testing914 models (43 vehicles) undertest (appear in black text)9Vehicles in red are proposed for next phase (** denotes non-Tier 2)9Planning to test non-Tier 2 vehicles beginning in Spring 2010, or earlierPlanned V4/E-87-2 Fleet Mix(19 models, 58 vehicles)Black text: veh under test;Red text: proposed for next phases21CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteV4 Vehicle Aging Schedule914 models (43 vehicles)currently under test at 3sites (appear in black text)9Vehicles in red planned for next phase9Planning to test non-Tier 2 vehicles beginning in Spring 2010,or earlier ascapacity allowsFor used cars, odometer at first test estimated and will only be known once individual cars are purchased. Schedule is projectedbased onnormal operations. Schedule may be impacted byunforeseen vehicle or lab maintenance issues.Tier 2 Vehicle Testingto 120k odometer milesFacility# veh/fuelsJan Feb Mar Apr MayJun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun4 2007 Accord35k 85k120k- - - -10b*4 2006 Silv27k77k120k4 2008 Altima20k70k120k4 2008 Taurus17k67k120k4 2007 Caravan45k95k120k3 2006 Cobalt45k95k 120k32007 Caliber50k 100k 120k32006 Quest50k100k 120k3 2009 Corolla4k60k120k3 2009 Civic4k60k120k3 2009 Liberty4k60k120k3 2009 Explorer4k60k120k3 2005 Tundra50k100k120k32006 Impala50k100k 120k32005 F15050k100k 120k2 2009 Outlook4k60k90k120k2 2009 Camry4k60k90k120k2 2009 Focus4k60k90k120k2 2009 Odyssey4k60k90k120kTier 1 Vehicle Testing (50ktestmiles, (up to or beyond full useful life miles)FacilityNumber of Jan Feb Mar Apr MayJun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun32002Frontier70k 95k120k3tbdnon-Tier 270k 95k120k3tbdnon-Tier 270k 95k120k3tbdnon-Tier 270k95k120k3tbdnon-Tier 270k95k120k3tbdnon-Tier 270k95k120k3tbdnon-Tier 270k95k120k20102011SWRI2009ETCTRCYear and ModelYear and Model2011SWRI20092010TRC22CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteSplash blends of E0 retail gasoline (RE0)have been used for vehicle aging to date•Possibility that E0 availability could end inearly 2010•Several approaches to continuing program−Different terminal, continue to acquire RE0−Stockpile RE0, switch to retail BOB-based E10for ethanol blends−Procure premium BOB fuel as blendstock forRExx fuels23CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteNext Project Review Meeting in San Antonio•November 5−Follows SAE Powertrain Fuels and Lubes•8:00 - ~2:00 (tours 3-5 PM if available/interested)24CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteThank YouBrian Westwestbh@ornl.gov865-946-123125CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteBackup Slides26CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteV1- Test VehiclesOEM (make)ModelYearEngineInitialodometerreading(miles)EmissionstandardTest siteLFT atWOT?ChryslerTown & Country20073.3 L V635,000Tier 2, Bin 5NREL/CDPHENFordF15020075.4 L V828,600Tier 2, Bin 8TRCYFordF15020035.4 L V857,000Tier 1 LEVTRCYFordTaurus20033.0 L V689,600Tier 2, Bin 8TRCNGM (Buick)Lucerne20073.8 L V610,000Tier 2, Bin 5 (CALEV II)NREL/CDPHE andORNL*YGM (Buick)LeSabre20033.8 L V678,000Tier 2, Bin 8NREL/CDPHEYGMSilverado20074.8 L V812,800Tier 2, Bin 8TRCYHondaAccord20072.4 L I411,400Tier 2, Bin 5 (CALEV II)TRCNNissanAltima20033.5 L V653,300LEVTRCNToyotaCamry20072.4 L I426,440Tier 2, Bin 5ORNL andNREL/CDPHE*YToyotaCamry20032.4 L I472,800ULEVORNLNChryslerPT Cruiser20012.4 L I493,400NLEVNREL/CDPHEYFordCrown Victoria19994.6 L V850,900ULEVNREL/CDPHEYHondaCivic19991.6 L I479,680Tier 1ORNLNToyotaCorolla19991.8 L I496,400Tier 1NREL/CDPHEYVWGolf GTI20041.8 L I4 Turbo32,900Tier 2, Bin 8ORNLY*Round-robin vehicle tested at two sites27CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteV2 - EPAct Program VehiclesMake Year Brand ModelEngine Family BinGM 2008 Chevrolet Cobalt 2.2L I4 8GMXV02.4025 5GM 2008 Chevrolet Impala 3.5L V6-FFV 8GMXV03.9052 5GM 2008 Saturn Outlook 3.6L V6 8GMXT03.6151 5GM 2008 Chevrolet Silverado 5.3L V8-FFV 8GMXT05.3373 5Toyota 2008 Toyota Corolla1.8L I4 8TYXV01.8BEA 5Toyota 2008 Toyota Camry2.4L I4 8TYXV02.4BEA 5Toyota 2008 Toyota Sienna3.5L V6 8TYXT03.5BEM 5Toyota 2008 Toyota Tundra4.0L V6 8TYXT04.0AES 5Ford 2008 Ford Focus2.0L I4 8FMXV02.0VD4 4Ford 2008 Ford Taurus3.5L V6 8FMXV03.5VEP 5Ford 2008 Ford/Mercury Explorer/Mountaineer 4.0L V6 8FMXT04.03DB 4Ford 2008 Ford F1505.4L V8-FFV 8FMXT05.44HF 8Chrysler 2008 DodgeCaliber2.4L I4 8CRXB02.4ME0 5Chrysler 2008 DodgeCaravan3.3L V6-FFV 8CRXT03.3NEP 5Chrysler 2008 JeepLiberty3.7L V6 8CRXT03.7NE0 5Honda 2008 Honda Civic1.8L I4 8HNXV01.8LKR 5Honda 2008 Honda Accord2.4L I4 8HNXV02.4TKC 5Honda 2008 Honda Odyssey3.5L V6 8HNXT03.54KR 5Nissan 2008 Nissan Altima2.5L I4 8NSXV02.5G5A 528CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteCH4.Range bars denote max and min for duplicate tests0.00000.00050.00100.00150.00200.00250.00300.00350.00400.00450.0050

CH 4 (g/mi)CompositeCH4E0E10E15E200|50|FUL0|50|FUL0|50|FUL0|50|FULR0R10R15R20TestFuelTestMilesRoadFuel29CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteTHC.Range bars denote max and min for duplicate tests0.000.010.020.030.040.050.060.07

THC (g/mi)CompositeTHCE0E10E15E200|50|FUL0|50|FUL0|50|FUL0|50|FULR0R10R15R20TestFuelTestMilesRoadFuel30CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteNMOG (EPA).Includes MeOH. Range bars denote maxand min for duplicate tests0.000.010.020.030.040.050.060.07

NMOG (g/mi)CompositeNMOG(EPA)E0E10E15E200|50|FUL0|50|FUL0|50|FUL0|50|FULR0R10R15R20TestFuelTestMilesRoadFuel31CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteNMOG (ORNL).Does not include MeOH. Range barsdenote max and min for duplicate tests0.000.010.020.030.040.050.060.07

NMOG (g/mi)CompositeNMOG(ORNL)E0E10E15E200|50|FUL0|50|FUL0|50|FUL0|50|FULR0R10R15R20TestFuelTestMilesRoadFuel32CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteMethanol.Range bars denote max and min for duplicatetests0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0

Methanol (mg/mi)CompositeMethanolE0E10E15E200|50|FUL0|50|FUL0|50|FUL0|50|FULR0R10R15R20TestFuelTestMilesRoadFuel33CRC-DOE confidential – Do not CiteWOT procedure change from JuneMeeting