E-87-2 and DOE V4 Projec

Brian West (ORNL), Coleman Jones (

Marty Heimrich, Brent Shoffner and SwR

John Orban and Battelle team

CRC Emissions Committee Meetin

Paulsboro, NJ

October 1, 2009
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite

Overview DOE V4 Project: Vehicle aging and Catalyst • a.k.a. CRC E-87-2

− Follow-up to DOE V1 (16 vehicle emissions/W

CRC E-87-1 WOT study

• E-87-1 screened 25 vehicles − DOE/Labs selected 12 vehicle models• DOE V1 screened 16 vehicles (with som

87 and V2/EPAct vehicle models)

• Competitive solicitation in 2008

− Contract through ORNL− Award to SwRI – October 2008

• DOE is supporting 2 additional parallel 

expand and accelerate data collection

− ORNL => TRC− NREL => ETC
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite

V4/E-87-2 Workplan Overview• Acquire 2-4 “matched” vehicles for each mode

E0, E10, E15, or E20 for aging

− Vehicle inspection, recruitment− Correlation FTP and WOT to confirm proper oper− Vehicles instrumented similar to E-87-1 and V1 (U

thermocouples)

− Dedicate vehicles to a fuel for aging on MAD or te

(E0, E10, E15, E20 or some subset)1. Emissions test all vehicles with E0, in dup2. Emissions test vehicles on respective E-b3. Age 25-50k on MAD or track using SRC

*

4. Repeat 2, repeat 15. Age additional 25-50k or to full useful life6. Repeat 2, repeat 1• At each emissions testing interval

− conduct compression check and leak-down test− At TRC and ETC, conduct evap leak check
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite

Vehicles acquired to date relativneeded lots of miles to get to FU• Test plan calls for emissions tests 

− 0, 25, and 50k test miles (high mileage 

Or

− 0, 50k, and full useful life odometer mi

(newer, lower mileage vehicles)

• What about “intermediate life” veh

(e.g. odometers 45-70k)
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite

Odometer ranges for vehicle setto 13k mi. Test miles based on highest odo 

Vehicle Low Odo (k mi) H

Honda Accords 31.4 

Chev Silverados 14.4 

Nissan Altimi 10.0 

Ford Tauri 9.7 

Dodge Caravans 40.0 

Chev Cobalts 38.5 
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite

0

20406080

100120140160180

0 20 40 60 80 10

Vehicle Mileage at Start of Test (x 1,

Vehicle Mileage (x 1,000)

Starting OD Intermediate Test Final Test

Proposed plan for mileage accu

50k

25k

25k

45 70
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite

E87-2 (V4) - Catalyst AginTable shows protocol for 1 vehicle ty

Baseline

SRCAging25-50k Emissions 

E0E0 + E10E0 + E15E0 + E20

E0E0 + E10E0 + E15E0 + E20

RE0RE10RE15RE20

RE0RE10RE15RE20

SRC AFUL or 
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite

V4 Project Status

• Vehicle emissions testing and aging 

underway at SwRI (E-87-2 with CRC)

− Aging on mileage accumulation dynamometers− 23 vehicles purchased and under test 

• Parallel V4 contracts underway

− TRC (Ohio)

• Aging on track

• 12 new 2009 vehicles (4 matched sets of 3 

– 3 fuels per model)

− ETC (Colorado) 

• Mileage accumulation dynamometers

• 8 new 2009 vehicles (4 matched pairs – 2 

fuels per model)

Ford 

Niss

Che

MA
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite

E-87-2 Program Status• SwRI has purchased 25 vehicles (23 under test)

−5 models, 4 matched vehicles per model, 1 vehicle p−3 Cobalts – first veh model to use 3 fuels (no E10)

• 2007 Accord complete (3/4)• 2006 Chevrolet Silverado 120k tests und• 2008 Nissan Altima completed 0k, • 2008 Ford Taurus completed 0k, • 2007 Dodge Caravan completed 0k (• 2006 Chev Cobalt in prep• NEXT: 

− 2006 Nissan Quest shopping− 2002 Nissan Frontier shopping

− Other non-Tier 2 vehicles developing prop
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite 

2007 Honda Accords have completed 120k emissions t• Dedicated E10 vehicle replaced ear

program

− Replacement “10B” vehicle currently u

for 120k emissions

• Preliminary results for available da
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite 

Fuel Economy. Range bars denote m

duplicate tests

24.525.025.526.026.527.027.528.0

Fuel Economy (mi/gal)

Composite Fuel Econom

E0 E10 E15 E

0 | 50 | FUL

0 | 50 | FUL

0 | 50 | FUL

R0 R10 R15 

Test Fuel

Test Miles

Road Fuel
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite 

NMHC. Range bars denote max and min for 

0.000.010.020.030.040.050.060.07

NMHC (g/mi)

Composite NMHC

E0 E10 E15 E2

0 | 50 | FUL

0 | 50 | FUL

0 | 50 | FUL

R0 R10 R15 

Test Fuel

Test MilesRoad Fuel
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite 

CO. Range bars denote max and min for dupli

0.000.050.100.150.200.250.300.350.40

CO (g/mi)

Composite CO

E0 E10 E15 

0 | 50 | FUL

0 | 50 | FUL

0 | 50 | F

R0 R10 R15 

Test Fuel

Test Miles

Road Fuel
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite 

NOx. Range bars denote max and min for du

0.0000.0050.0100.0150.0200.0250.0300.035

NOx (g/mi)

Composite NOx

E0 E10 E15 

0 | 50 | FUL

0 | 50 | FUL

0 | 50 | FU

R0 R10 R15 

Test Fuel

Test MilesRoad Fuel
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite 

EtOH. Range bars denote max and min for d

0.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.61.82.0

Ethanol (mg/mi)

Composite Ethanol

E0 E10 E15 

0 | 50 | FUL

0 | 50 | FUL

0 | 50 | FU

R0 R10 R15 

Test Fuel

Test Miles

Road Fuel
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite 

Acetaldehyde. Range bars denote ma

duplicate tests

0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0

Acetaldehyde (mg/mi)

Composite Acetaldehyd

E0 E10 E15 

0 | 50 | FUL

0 | 50 | FUL

0 | 50 | FUL

R0 R10 R15 

Test Fuel

Test MilesRoad Fuel
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite 

HCHO. Range bars denote max and min for 

0.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.61.82.0

Formaldehyde (mg/mi)

Composite Formaldehy

E0 E10 E15 

0 | 50 | FUL

0 | 50 | FUL

0 | 50 | FU

R0 R10 R15 

Test Fuel

Test MilesRoad Fuel
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite 

• Several relevant criteria impact vehicle 

− Model year, emissions standard (e.g., Tier 2, 

− Manufacturer, sales/registration volumes− LFT or non-LFT at WOT

• Guidance and screening studies impact 

− EPA V2 vehicle list (19 popular models – test 

− CRC E-87-1 (e.g., “CRC Top Ten” non-LFT ve

− DOE V1 (additional info on LFT/non-LFT)

• DOE/EPA guidance of Jan09, Apr09, Au

− Test all V2 vehicle models, multiple model ye

• 1 exception – 2006 Nissan Quest replaces 

Sienna 

Vehicle Selection Challenge
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite 

43 Vehicles Currently Under Test at 3 14 models, 2006-2009, Tier 2

Year Vehicle number

2006 Chevrolet Silverado 4 E0 E12007 Honda Accord 4 E0 E12008 Nissan Altima 4 E0 E12008 Ford Taurus 4 E0 E12007 Chrysler Caravan 4 E0 E12006 Chevrolet Cobalt 3 E0 

Year Vehicle number

2009 Jeep Liberty 3 E0 E1

2009 Ford Explorer 3 E0 E1

2009 Honda Civic 3 E0 E1

2009 Toyota Corolla 3 E0 E1

TBD TBD TBD

Environmental Testing Corp (Colorado), mileage accumulation 

Year Vehicle number

2009 Saturn Outlook 2 E0 E1

2009 Toyota Camry 2 E0 E1

2009 Ford Focus 2 E0 E1

2009 Honda Odyssey 2 E0 E1

TBD TBD TBD TBD

Fu

V4 Project Vehicle Summary (Vehicle A

Transportation Research Center (Ohio), test trac

Fu

TB

Southwest Research Institute (Texas), mileage accumulati

23

Vehicles

12

Vehicles

8

vehicles
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite 

Year Make/Model

# of vehicles/ 

fuels to be tested Year make/model

2006 Chevrolet Silverado 4 (E0, E10, E15, E20) 2007 Honda Accord 

2008 Ford Taurus 4 (E0, E10, E15, E20) 2007 Chrysler Caravan 

2008 Nissan Altima 2006 Chevrolet Cobalt 2006 Nissan Quest 2007 Dodge Caliber 2002 Nissan Frontier** 

2009 Ford Explorer 3 (E0, E15, E20) 2009 Honda Civic 

2009 Toyota Corolla 3 (E0, E15, E20) 2009 Jeep Liberty 2006 Chevrolet Impala 3 (E0, E15, E20)2005 Toyota Tundra 3 (E0, E15, E20)2005 Ford F150 3 (E0, E15, E20)2009 Saturn Outlook 2 (E0, E15) 2009 Honda Odyssey 

2009 Toyota Camry 2 (E0, E15)2009 Ford Focus 2 (E0, E15)

Vehicles Anticipated to Apply LFT at WOT* Vehicles Anticipated to N

* LFT/non-LFT status based on prior screening or best guess at this time

** denotes non-Tier 2 vehicle

9 20 models (61 vehicles) identified for testing9 14 models (43 vehicles) under test (appear in black text)9 Vehicles in red are proposed for next phase (** denotes non-Tier 9 Planning to test non-Tier 2 vehicles beginning in Spring 2010, or e

Planned V4/E-87-2 Fleet Mix (19 m

Black text: veh under test; Red text: proposed for next 
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite 

V4 Vehicle Aging Schedule

914 models (43 vehicles) currently under test at 3 sites (appear in black text)

9 Vehicles in red planned for next phase9 Planning to test non-Tier 2 vehicles beginning in Spring 2010, or earlier as cap

For used cars, odometer at first test estimated and will only be known once individual cars are pu

normal operations. Schedule may be impacted by unforeseen vehicle or lab maintenance iss

Tier 2 Vehicle Testing to 120k odometer miles

Facility

# veh 

/ 

fuels Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul 

4 2007 Accord 35k 85k 120k - - - - 10b*

4 2006 Silv 27k 77k 120k

4 2008 Altima 20k 70k 120k4 2008 Taurus 17k 67k 120k

4 2007 Caravan 45k 95k 120k

3 2006 Cobalt 45k 95k 120k

3 2007 Caliber 50k 100k 120k

3 2006 Quest 50k 100k 1

3 2009 Corolla 4k 60k 120k3 2009 Civic 4k 60k 120k

3 2009 Liberty 4k 60k 120k

3 2009 Explorer 4k 60k 120k3 2005 Tundra 50k 100k 13 2006 Impala 50k 100k 1

3 2005 F150 50k 100k 

2 2009 Outlook 4k 60k 90k 120k2 2009 Camry 4k 60k 90k 120k

2 2009 Focus 4k 60k 90k 120k2 2009 Odyssey 4k 60k 90k 120k

Tier 1 Vehicle Testing (50k test miles, (up to or beyond full useful life miles)

Facility

Number of Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul 

3 2002 Frontier 70k 95k 

3 tbd non-Tier 2 70k 

3 tbd non-Tier 2 70k 

3 tbd non-Tier 2 70k 

3 tbd non-Tier 2 70k 

3 tbd non-Tier 2 

3 tbd non-Tier 2 

2010 

SWRI

2009

ETC

TRC

Year and ModelYear and Model

SWRI

2009 2010

TRC
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite 

Splash blends of E0 retail gasolhave been used for vehicle agin• Possibility that E0 availability could 

early 2010

• Several approaches to continuing p

− Different terminal, continue to acquire 

− Stockpile RE0, switch to retail BOB-ba

for ethanol blends

− Procure premium BOB fuel as blendst

RExx fuels
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite 

Next Project Review Meeting in San A• November 5

− Follows SAE Powertrain Fuels and Lub

• 8:00 - ~2:00 (tours 3-5 PM if availab
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite 

Thank You

Brian West

westbh@ornl.gov

865-946-1231
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite 

Backup Slides
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite 

V1- Test Vehicles

OEM (make) Model Year Engine

Initial 

odometer 

reading 

(miles)

Emissio

standar

Chrysler Town & Country 2007 3.3 L V6 35,000 Tier 2, Bin 5 

Ford F150 2007 5.4 L V8 28,600 Tier 2, Bin 8 

Ford F150 2003 5.4 L V8 57,000 Tier 1 LEV 

Ford Taurus 2003 3.0 L V6 89,600 Tier 2, Bin 8 

GM (Buick) Lucerne 2007 3.8 L V6 10,000 Tier 2, Bin 5 

LEV II)

GM (Buick) LeSabre 2003 3.8 L V6 78,000 Tier 2, Bin 8 

GM Silverado 2007 4.8 L V8 12,800 Tier 2, Bin 8 

Honda Accord 2007 2.4 L I4 11,400 Tier 2, Bin 5 

LEV II)

Nissan Altima 2003 3.5 L V6 53,300 LEV 

Toyota Camry 2007 2.4 L I4 26,440 Tier 2, Bin 5 

Toyota Camry 2003 2.4 L I4 72,800 ULEV 

Chrysler PT Cruiser 2001 2.4 L I4 93,400 NLEV 

Ford Crown Victoria 1999 4.6 L V8 50,900 ULEV 

Honda Civic 1999 1.6 L I4 79,680 Tier 1 

Toyota Corolla 1999 1.8 L I4 96,400 Tier 1 

VW Golf GTI 2004 1.8 L I4 Turbo 32,900 Tier 2, Bin 8 

*Round-robin vehicle tested at two sites
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite 

V2 - EPAct Program Vehicl

Make Year Brand Model Engine GM 2008 Chevrolet Cobalt 2.2L I4 GM 2008 Chevrolet Impala 3.5L V6-FFGM 2008 Saturn Outlook 3.6L V6 GM 2008 Chevrolet Silverado 5.3L V8-FFToyota 2008 Toyota Corolla 1.8L I4 Toyota 2008 Toyota Camry 2.4L I4 Toyota 2008 Toyota Sienna 3.5L V6 Toyota 2008 Toyota Tundra 4.0L V6 Ford 2008 Ford Focus 2.0L I4 Ford 2008 Ford Taurus 3.5L V6 Ford 2008 Ford/Mercury Explorer/Mountaineer 4.0L V6 Ford 2008 Ford F150 5.4L V8-FFChrysler 2008 Dodge Caliber 2.4L I4 Chrysler 2008 Dodge Caravan 3.3L V6-FFChrysler 2008 Jeep Liberty 3.7L V6 Honda 2008 Honda Civic 1.8L I4 Honda 2008 Honda Accord 2.4L I4 Honda 2008 Honda Odyssey 3.5L V6 Nissan 2008 Nissan Altima 2.5L I4 
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite 

CH4. Range bars denote max and min for du

0.00000.00050.00100.00150.00200.00250.00300.00350.00400.00450.0050

CH4 (g/mi)

Composite CH

4

E0 E10 E15 E

0 | 50 | FUL

0 | 50 | FUL

0 | 50 | FUL

R0 R10 R15 

Test Fuel

Test MilesRoad Fuel
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite 

THC. Range bars denote max and min for du

0.000.010.020.030.040.050.060.07

THC (g/mi)

Composite THC

E0 E10 E15 

0 | 50 | FUL

0 | 50 | FUL

0 | 50 | F

R0 R10 R15 

Test Fuel

Test MilesRoad Fuel
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite 

NMOG (EPA). Includes MeOH. Range b

and min for duplicate tests

0.000.010.020.030.040.050.060.07

NMOG (g/mi)

Composite NMOG (EPA)

E0 E10 E15 E20

0 | 50 | FUL

0 | 50 | FUL

0 | 50 | FUL

R0 R10 R15 

Test Fuel

Test MilesRoad Fuel
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite 

NMOG (ORNL). Does not include MeO

denote max and min for duplicate tests

0.000.010.020.030.040.050.060.07

NMOG (g/mi)

Composite NMOG (ORN

E0 E10 E15 

0 | 50 | FUL

0 | 50 | FUL

0 | 50 | FUL

R0 R10 R15 

Test Fuel

Test MilesRoad Fuel
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite 

Methanol. Range bars denote max and m

tests

0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0

Methanol (mg/mi)

Composite Methanol

E0 E10 E15 E

0 | 50 | FUL

0 | 50 | FUL

0 | 50 | FUL

R0 R10 R15 

Test Fuel

Test MilesRoad Fuel
CRC-DOE confidential – Do not Cite 

WOT procedure change from Meeting