Support for People With Cancer

National Cancer Institute

U.S. Department 

of Health and

Human Services

National Institutes

of Health

Eating Hints

Before, During, and After Cancer Treatment 

About this Book

Eating Hints is written for you—someone who is about to get, or is now getting, 

cancer treatment. Your family, friends, and others close to you may also want to 

read this book. 

You can use this book before, during, and after cancer treatment. It has hints 

about common types of eating problems, along with ways to manage them. 

This book covers: 

u What you should know about cancer treatment, eating well, and 

eating problems 

u How feelings can affect appetite 

u Hints to manage eating problems 

u How to eat well after cancer treatment ends 

u Foods and drinks to help with certain eating problems 

u Ways to learn more 

Talk with your doctor, nurse, or dietitian about any eating problems that might 

affect you during cancer treatment. He or she may suggest that you read certain 

sections or follow some of the tips. 

Rather than read this book from beginning to end, 

look at just those sections you need now. 

Later, you can always read more.
1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

Table of Contents

What You Should Know About Cancer Treatment, 

Eating Well, and Eating Problems.........................................................................1 

Feelings Can Affect Your Appetite During 

Cancer Treatment.....................................................................................................8

Eating Problems At-A-Glance............................................................................. 11

Eating Problems and Ways To Manage Them

Appetite Loss ..........................................................................................12

Changes in Sense of Taste or Smell........................................................15

Constipation..........................................................................................17

Diarrhea.................................................................................................20

Dry Mouth.............................................................................................23

Lactose Intolerance ................................................................................25

Nausea ...................................................................................................27

Sore Mouth............................................................................................30

Sore Throat and Trouble Swallowing .....................................................34

Vomiting ................................................................................................37

Weight Gain ..........................................................................................39

Weight Loss............................................................................................41

After Cancer Treatment....................................................................................... 44
www.cancer.gov

Eating Problems That May Be Caused by 

Certain Cancer Treatments................................................................................. 46

Lists of Foods and Drinks..................................................................................... 49

Clear Liquids ..........................................................................................49

Full-Liquid Foods ...................................................................................50

Foods and Drinks That Are Easy on the Stomach..................................52

Low-Fiber Foods .....................................................................................54

High-Fiber Foods....................................................................................55

Foods and Drinks That Are Easy To Chew and Swallow........................56

Quick and Easy Snacks ..........................................................................57

Ways To Add Protein..............................................................................59

Ways To Add Calories ............................................................................63 

Ways To Learn More.............................................................................................. 65

Recipes

Banana Milkshake .................................................................................14

Apple-Prune Sauce .................................................................................19

Lactose-Free Double Chocolate Pudding ...............................................26

Fruit and Cream.....................................................................................33

Protein-Fortified Milk ............................................................................42

High-Protein Milkshake.........................................................................43

Peanut Butter Snack Spread...................................................................43

Table of Contents continued
1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)
www.cancer.gov 1

What You Should Know About 

Cancer Treatment, Eating Well, 

and Eating Problems

People with cancer have different diet needs

People with cancer often need to follow diets that are different from what they 

think of as healthy. For most people, a healthy diet includes:

u Lots of fruits and vegetables, and whole grain 

breads and cereals

u Modest amounts of meat and milk products

u Small amounts of fat, sugar, alcohol, and salt 

When you have cancer, though, you need to eat to 

keep up your strength to deal with the side effects 

of treatment. When you are healthy, eating enough food is often not a problem. 

But when you are dealing with cancer and treatment, this can be a real challenge. 

When you have cancer, you may need extra protein and calories. 

At times, your diet may need to include extra milk, cheese, and 

eggs. If you have trouble chewing and swallowing, you may 

need to add sauces and gravies. Sometimes, you may need to 

eat low-fiber foods instead of those with high fiber. Your dietitian 

can help you with any diet changes you may need to make.

Cancer treatment can cause side effects that lead to 

eating problems

Cancer treatments are designed to kill cancer cells. But these treatments can also 

damage healthy cells. Damage to healthy cells can cause side effects. Some of 

these side effects can lead to eating problems. See the list on page 11 to see the 

types of eating problems that cancer treatment may cause.
2 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

Common eating problems during cancer treatment include: 

u Appetite loss

u Changes in sense of taste or smell 

u Constipation 

u Diarrhea 

u Dry mouth 

u Lactose intolerance 

u Nausea

u Sore mouth

u Sore throat and trouble swallowing

u Vomiting

u Weight gain

u Weight loss 

Some people have appetite loss or nausea because they are stressed about cancer 

and treatment. People who react this way almost always feel better once treatment 

starts and they know what to expect. 

Things to do and think about before you start 

cancer treatment

u Until treatment starts you will not know what, if any, side effects or eating 

problems you may have. If you do have problems, they may be mild. Many side 

effects can be controlled. Many problems go away when cancer treatment ends. 

u Think of your cancer treatment as a time to get well and focus just on yourself. 

u Eat a healthy diet before treatment starts. This helps 

you stay strong during treatment and lowers your risk 

of infection. 

u Go to the dentist. It is important to have a healthy 

mouth before you start cancer treatment. 
www.cancer.gov 3

u Ask your doctor, nurse, or dietitian about medicine that 

can help with eating problems. 

u Discuss your fears and worries with your doctor, nurse, or 

social worker. He or she can discuss ways to manage and 

cope with these feelings. 

u Learn about your cancer and its treatment. Many people 

feel better when they know what to expect. See the list of helpful resources in 

“Ways to Learn More” starting on page 65. 

Ways you can get ready to eat well

u Fill the refrigerator, cupboard, and freezer with 

healthy foods. Make sure to include items you 

can eat even when you feel sick. 

u Stock up on foods that need little or no cooking, 

such as frozen dinners and ready-to-eat cooked foods. 

u Cook some foods ahead of time and freeze in mealsized portions. 

u Ask friends or family to help you shop and cook during 

treatment. Maybe a friend can set up a schedule of the tasks 

that need to be done and the people who will do them. 

u Talk with your doctor, nurse, or dietitian about what to 

expect. You can find lists of foods and drinks to help with many types of eating 

problems on pages 49 to 64. 

Not everyone has eating problems during cancer treatment

There is no way to know if you will have eating problems and, if so, how bad they 

will be. You may have just a few problems or none at all. In part, this depends on 

the type of cancer you have, where it is in your body, what kind of treatment you 

have, how long treatment lasts, and the doses of treatment you receive. 

During treatment, there are many helpful medicines and other ways to manage 

eating problems. Once treatment ends, many eating problems go away. Your 

doctor, nurse, or dietitian can tell you more about the types of eating problems 

you might expect and ways to manage them. If you start to have eating problems, 

tell your doctor or nurse right away.
4 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

If you start to have eating problems, 

tell your doctor or nurse right away.

Talk with your doctor, nurse, or dietitian about foods to eat

Talk with your doctor or nurse if you are not sure what to eat during cancer 

treatment. Ask him or her to refer you to a dietitian. A dietitian is the best person 

to talk with about your diet. He or she can help choose foods and drinks that are 

best for you during treatment and after. 

Make a list of questions for your meeting with the 

dietitian. Ask about your favorite foods and recipes and 

if you can eat them during cancer treatment. You might 

want to find out how other patients manage their eating 

problems. You can also bring this book and ask the 

dietitian to mark sections that are right for you. 

If you are already on a special diet for diabetes, kidney or heart disease, or other 

health problem, it is even more important to speak with a doctor and dietitian. 

Your doctor and dietitian can advise you about how to follow your special diet 

while coping with eating problems caused by cancer treatment.

For more information on how to find a dietitian, contact the American Dietetic 

Association. See “Ways to Learn More” on page 65 for ways to reach them.

Ways to get the most from foods and drinks

During treatment, you may have good days and bad days when it comes to food. 

Here are some ways to manage: 

u Eat plenty of protein and calories when you can. This helps you keep up your 

strength and helps rebuild tissues harmed by cancer treatment. 

u Eat when you have the biggest appetite. For many 

people, this is in the morning. You might want to 

eat a bigger meal early in the day and drink liquid 

meal replacements later on. 
www.cancer.gov 5

u Eat those foods that you can, even if it is only one or two items. 

Stick with these foods until you are able to eat more. You might 

also drink liquid meal replacements for extra calories and protein. 

u Do not worry if you cannot eat at all some days. Spend this time 

finding other ways to feel better, and start eating when you can. 

Tell your doctor if you cannot eat for more than 2 days. 

u Drink plenty of liquids. It is even more important to get plenty to drink on days 

when you cannot eat. Drinking a lot helps your body get the liquid it needs. 

Most adults should drink 8 to 12 cups of liquid a day. You may find this easier 

to do if you keep a water bottle nearby. Also, try some of the clear liquids listed 

on page 49. 

u If others are making meals for you, be sure to tell them your needs and concerns.

Taking special care with food to avoid infections

Some cancer treatments can make you more likely to get infections. When this 

happens, you need to take special care in the way you handle and prepare food. 

Here are some ways:

u Keep hot foods hot and cold foods cold. Put leftovers in 

the refrigerator as soon as you are done eating.

u Scrub all raw fruits and vegetables before you eat them. 

Do not eat foods (like raspberries) that cannot be washed 

well. You should scrub fruits and vegetable that have rough 

surfaces, such as melons, before you cut them. 

u Wash your hands, knives, and counter 

tops before and after you prepare food. 

This is most important when preparing 

raw meat, chicken, turkey, and fish. 

u Use one cutting board for meat and one 

for fruits and vegetables. 
6 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

u Thaw meat, chicken, turkey, and fish in the refrigerator or defrost them in the 

microwave. Do not leave them sitting out.

u Cook meat, chicken, turkey, and eggs thoroughly. Meats should not have any 

pink inside. Eggs should be hard, not runny.

u Do not eat raw fish or shellfish, such as sushi and uncooked oysters. 

u Make sure that all of your juices, milk products, and honey are pasteurized. 

u Do not use foods or drinks that are past their freshness date. 

u Do not buy foods from bulk bins.

u Do not eat at buffets, salad bars, or self-service restaurants.

u Do not eat foods that show signs of mold. This includes moldy cheeses such as 

bleu cheese and Roquefort.

For more information about infection and cancer treatment, see Chemotherapy 

and You: Support for People With Cancer, a book from the National Cancer 

Institute. You can get it free by calling 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) or 

online at www.cancer.gov/publications. 

Using food, vitamins, and other supplements 

to fight cancer 

Many people want to know how they can help their body fight cancer by eating 

certain foods or taking vitamins or supplements. But, there are no studies that 

prove that any special diet, food, vitamin, mineral, dietary supplement, herb, or 

combination of these can slow cancer, cure it, or keep it from coming back. In 

fact, some of these products can cause other problems by changing how your 

cancer treatment works. 

Talk with your doctor, nurse, or dietitian before 

going on a special diet or taking any supplements. 

To avoid problems, be sure to follow their advice.
www.cancer.gov 7

For more information about complementary and alternative therapies, 

see Thinking About Complementary & Alternative Medicine: A Guide for 

People With Cancer. You can get this book free from the National 

Cancer Institute. Call 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) or order 

online at www.cancer.gov/publications.

Talk with your doctor before going on a special diet or 

taking any supplements. Some vitamins and supplements 

can change how your cancer treatment works.

A special note for caregivers

u Do not be surprised or upset if your loved one’s tastes change from day to 

day. There may be days when he or she does not want a favorite food or says it 

tastes bad now. 

u Keep food within easy reach. This way, your loved one can have a snack when 

he or she is ready to eat. You might put a snack-pack of applesauce or pudding 

(along with a spoon) on the bedside table. Or try keeping a bag of cut-up 

carrots on the refrigerator shelf. 

u Offer gentle support. This is much more helpful than 

pushing your loved one to eat. Suggest that he or she 

drinks plenty of clear and full liquids when he or she 

has no appetite. For ideas on clear liquids, see page 49, 

and for full liquids, see page 50. 

u Talk with your loved one about ways to manage 

eating problems. Doing this together can help you 

both feel more in control. 

For more information about being a caregiver, see When Someone You Love Is 

Being Treated for Cancer. You can get this book free from the National 

Cancer Institute. Call 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) or order online 

at www.cancer.gov/publications.
8 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

Feelings Can Affect Your Appetite 

During Cancer Treatment

During cancer treatment, you may feel:

u Depressed

u Anxious

u Afraid

u Angry 

u Helpless

u Alone

It is normal to have these feelings. Although these are not eating problems 

themselves, strong feelings like these can affect your interest in food, shopping, 

and cooking. Fatigue can also make it harder to cope.

Coping with your feelings during cancer treatment

There are many things you can do to cope with your feelings during treatment 

so they do not ruin your appetite. Here are some ideas that have worked for 

other people.

u Eat your favorite foods on days you do not have treatment. This way, you 

can enjoy the foods, but they won’t remind you of something upsetting. 

u Relax, meditate, or pray. Activities like these help many people feel calm and 

less stressed.

u Talk with someone you trust about your feelings. 

You may want to talk with a close friend, family 

member, religious or spiritual leader, nurse, social 

worker, counselor, or psychologist. You may also 

find it helpful to talk with someone who has gone 

through cancer treatment. 
www.cancer.gov 9

u Join a cancer support group. This can be a way to meet others dealing with 

problems like yours. In support group meetings, you can talk about your feelings 

and listen to other people talk about theirs. You can also learn how others cope 

with cancer, treatment side effects, and eating problems. Ask your doctor, nurse, 

or social worker about support group meetings near you. You may also want 

to know about support groups that meet over the Internet. These can be very 

helpful if you cannot travel or there is no group that meets close by. 

u Learn about eating problems and other side effects before treatment starts.

Many people feel more in control when they know what to expect and how to 

manage problems that may occur. 

u Get enough rest. Make sure you get at least 7 to 8 hours of sleep each night. 

During the day, spend time doing quiet activities such as reading or watching 

a movie.

u Do not push yourself to do too much or more than you can 

manage. Look for easier ways to do your daily tasks. Many 

people feel better when they ask for or accept help from 

others.

u Be active each day. Studies show that many people feel better 

when they take short walks or do light exercise each day. Being 

active like this can also help improve your appetite.

u Talk with your doctor or nurse about medicine if you 

find it very hard to cope with your feelings. 

Ways to learn more

The following groups provide support for people with 

cancer and their families and friends.

CancerCare, Inc.

Offers free support, information, financial assistance, and practical help to people 

with cancer and their loved ones.

Toll-free: 1-800-813-HOPE (1-800-813-4673)

E-mail: info@cancercare.org

Online: www.cancercare.org
10 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

The Wellness Community

Provides free psychological and emotional support to people with cancer and 

their families.

Toll-free: 1-888-793-WELL (1-888-793-9355)

Phone: 202-659-9709

E-mail: help@wellnesscommunity.org

Online: http://www.thewellnesscommunity.org

To read more about ways to cope with your feelings, see Taking Time: Support 

for People With Cancer. To learn more about coping with fatigue caused by 

cancer treatment, see Chemotherapy and You and Radiation Therapy and You. 

These books are from the National Cancer Institute. You can get free copies at 

www.cancer.gov/publications or 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
www.cancer.gov 11

Eating Problems At-A-Glance

Below is a list of eating problems that cancer treatment may cause. Not everyone 

gets every eating problem. Some people don’t have any problems. Which ones 

you might have will depend on the type and doses of treatment you receive 

and whether you have other health problems, such as diabetes or kidney or 

heart disease.

Talk with your doctor, nurse or dietitian about the eating problems on this list. 

Ask which ones might affect you. Put a check mark next to the ones you may get 

or are having now and go to the pages listed to learn more.

Eating Problems

Appetite Loss

Changes in Sense of Taste or Smell

Constipation

Diarrhea

Dry Mouth

Lactose Intolerance

Nausea

Sore Mouth

Sore Throat and Trouble Swallowing

Vomiting

Weight Gain

Weight Loss

4 Eating problems that

you might have 

Pages to

learn more

12

15

17

20

23

25

27

30

34

37

39

41
12 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

Appetite Loss

What it is 

Appetite loss is when you do not want to eat or do not feel like eating very much. 

It is a common problem that occurs with cancer and its treatment. You may have 

appetite loss for just 1 or 2 days, or throughout your course of treatment. 

Why it happens

No one knows just what causes appetite loss. Reasons may include:

u The cancer itself 

u Fatigue

u Pain

u Feelings such as stress, fear, depression, and anxiety 

u Cancer treatment side effects such as nausea, vomiting, or changes in how 

foods taste or smell 

Ways to manage with food

u When it is hard to eat, drink a liquid or powdered meal replacement 

(such as “instant breakfast”). 

u Eat 5 or 6 small meals each day instead of 3 large meals.

You may find it helps to eat smaller amounts at one time. 

This can also keep you from feeling too full.

u Keep snacks nearby for when you feel like eating. Take 

easy-to-carry snacks such as peanut butter crackers, nuts, 

granola bars, or dried fruit when you go out. You can find 

more quick and easy snack ideas on page 57.

u Add extra protein and calories to your diet. You can find ways to add protein 

on page 59 and calories on page 63.
www.cancer.gov 13

u Drink liquids throughout the day—even when you do not want to eat. 

Choose liquids that add calories and other nutrients. These include juice, 

soup, and milk and soy-based drinks with protein. You can find lists of clear 

liquids on page 49 and full-liquid foods on page 50. 

u Eat a bedtime snack. This will give extra calories but won’t affect your appetite 

for the next meal. 

u Change the form of a food. For instance, you might make a fruit milkshake 

instead of eating a piece of fruit. There is a recipe on the 

next page. 

u Eat soft, cool, or frozen foods. These include yogurt, 

milkshakes, and popsicles. There is a recipe for banana 

milkshake on the next page.

u Eat larger meals when you feel well and are rested. For many 

people, this is in the morning after a good night’s sleep. 

u Sip only small amounts of liquids during meals. Many people feel too full if 

they eat and drink at the same time. If you want more than just small sips, 

have a larger drink at least 30 minutes before or after meals. 

Other ways to manage 

u Talk with a dietitian. He or she can discuss ways to 

get enough calories and protein even when you do 

not feel like eating.

u Try to have relaxed and pleasant meals. This 

includes being with people you enjoy as well as 

having foods that look good to eat. 

u Exercise. Being active can help improve your appetite. Studies 

show that many people with cancer feel better when they get 

some exercise each day. 

u Talk with your nurse or social worker if fear, depression, or 

other feelings affect your appetite or interest in food. He or 

she can suggest ways to help. 

u Tell your doctor if you are having nausea, vomiting, or 

changes in how foods taste or smell. Your doctor can help 

control these problems so that you feel more like eating. 
14 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

Recipe

Yield: 1 serving 

Serving size: 

Approximately 2 cups 

If made with whole milk:

Calories per serving:

255 calories 

Protein per serving: 9 grams 

If made with 2% milk: 

Calories per serving:

226 calories 

Protein per serving: 9 grams 

If made with skim milk: 

Calories per serving: 

190 calories 

Protein per serving: 9 grams

To help with appetite loss

Banana Milkshake 

1 whole ripe banana, sliced 

Vanilla extract (a few drops) 

1 cup milk 

Put all ingredients into a blender. 

Blend at high speed until smooth. 

To learn more about dealing with appetite loss, see the 

section about weight loss on page 41. 
www.cancer.gov 15

Changes in Sense of Taste or Smell 

What it is

Food may have less taste or certain foods (like meat) may be bitter or taste like 

metal. Your sense of smell may also change. Sometimes, foods that used to smell 

good to you no longer do. 

Why it happens

Cancer treatment, dental problems, or the cancer itself can cause changes in your 

sense of taste or smell. Although there is no way to prevent these problems, they 

often get much better after treatment ends. 

Ways to manage with food

u Choose foods that look and smell good. Avoid foods that do not appeal to 

you. For instance, if red meat (such as beef) tastes or smells strange, then try 

chicken or turkey. 

u Marinate foods. You can improve the flavor of meat, chicken, or fish by 

soaking it in a marinade. You can buy marinades in the grocery store or try 

fruit juices, wine, or salad dressing. While soaking food in a marinade, keep it 

in the refrigerator until you are ready to cook it.

u Try tart foods and drinks. These include oranges 

and lemonade. Tart lemon custard might taste good 

and add extra protein and calories. But do not eat 

tart foods if you have a sore mouth or sore throat. 

u Make foods sweeter. If foods have a salty, bitter, or 

acid taste, adding sugar or sweetener to make them 

sweeter might help.

u Add extra flavor to your foods. For instance, you 

might add bacon bits or onion to vegetables or 

use herbs like basil, oregano, and rosemary. Use 

barbecue sauce on meat and chicken. 
16 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

u Avoid foods and drinks with smells that bother you. 

Here are some ways to help reduce food smells: 

•	 Serve foods at room temperature

•	 Keep foods covered

•	 Use cups with lids (such as travel mugs)

•	 Drink through a straw

•	 Use a kitchen fan when cooking

•	 Cook outdoors

•	 When cooking, lift lids away from you

Eat with plastic forks and spoons if 

you have a metal taste in your mouth.

Other ways to manage 

u Talk with a dietitian. He or she can give you 

other ideas about how to manage changes in 

taste and smell.

u Eat with plastic forks and spoons. If you have a metal taste in your mouth, 

eating with plastic forks and spoons can help. If you enjoy eating with 

chopsticks, those might help, too. Also, try cooking foods in glass pots and 

pans instead of metal ones. 

u Keep your mouth clean. Keeping your mouth clean by brushing and flossing 

can help food taste better.

u Use special mouthwashes. Ask your dentist or doctor about mouthwashes 

that might help, as well as other ways to care for your mouth.

u Go to the dentist. He or she can make sure that your changed sense of taste or 

smell is not from dental problems. 

u Talk with your doctor or nurse. Tell them about any changes in taste or smell 

and how these changes keep you from eating. 
www.cancer.gov 17

Constipation 

What it is

Constipation occurs when bowel movements become less frequent and stools 

become hard, dry, and difficult to pass. You may have painful bowel movements, 

feel bloated, or have nausea. You may belch, pass a lot of gas, and have stomach 

cramps or pressure in the rectum.

Why it happens

Chemotherapy, the location of the cancer, pain medication, and other medicines 

can cause constipation. It can also happen when you do not drink enough liquids 

or do not eat enough fiber. Some people get constipation when they are not active. 

Ways to manage with food

u Drink plenty of liquids. Drink at least 8 cups of liquids each day. One cup is 

equal to 8 ounces. For ideas, see the list of clear liquids on page 49. 

u Drink hot liquids. Many people find that drinking warm or hot liquids (such 

as coffee, tea, and soup) can help relieve constipation. You might also try 

drinking hot liquids right after meals.

u Eat high-fiber foods. These include whole grain breads and cereals, dried 

fruits, and cooked dried beans or peas. Try the recipe on page 19. For other 

ideas, see the list of high-fiber foods on page 55. People with certain types of 

cancer should not eat a lot of fiber, so check with your doctor before adding 

fiber to your diet.
18 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

Talk with your doctor before taking laxatives, 

stool softeners, or any medicine to 

relieve constipation.

Other ways to manage 

u Talk with a dietitian. He or she can suggest foods to 

help relieve constipation.

u Keep a record of your bowel movements. Show this to your doctor or nurse 

and talk about what is normal for you. This record can be used to figure out 

whether you have constipation.

u Be active each day. Being active can help prevent and 

relieve constipation. Talk with your doctor about how 

active you should be and what kind of exercise to do. 

u Let your doctor or nurse know if you have not had a 

bowel movement in 2 days. Your doctor may suggest 

a fiber supplement, laxative, stool softener, or enema. 

Do not use any of these without first asking your doctor 

or nurse.
www.cancer.gov 19

Recipe

To help relieve constipation

Apple/Prune Sauce 

1/3 cup unprocessed bran 

1/3 cup applesauce 

1/3 cup mashed stewed prunes 

Blend all ingredients and store in a refrigerator. 

Take 1-2 tablespoons of this mixture 

before bedtime, then drink 8 ounces of water. 

Note: Make sure 

you drink the water, 

or else this recipe 

will not work 

to relieve constipation. 

Yield: 

16 servings 

Serving size: 

1 tablespoon 

Calories per serving:

10 calories
20 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

Diarrhea 

What it is

Diarrhea occurs when you have frequent bowel movements that may be soft, 

loose, or watery. Foods and liquids pass through the bowel so quickly that your 

body cannot absorb enough nutrition, vitamins, minerals, and water from them. 

This can cause dehydration (which occurs when your body has too little water). 

Diarrhea can be mild or severe and last a short or long time. 

Why it happens

Diarrhea can be caused by cancer treatments such as radiation therapy to the 

abdomen or pelvis, chemotherapy, or biological therapy. These treatments cause 

diarrhea because they can harm healthy cells in the lining of your large and 

small bowel. Diarrhea can also be caused by infections, medicine used to treat 

constipation, or antibiotics.

Ways to manage with food

u Drink plenty of fluids to replace those you lose from diarrhea. These include 

water, ginger ale, and sports drinks such as Gatorade® and Propel®. You can 

see a list of more clear liquids on page 49. 

u Let carbonated drinks lose their fizz before you drink them. Add extra water 

if drinks make you thirsty or they cause nausea.

u Eat 5 or 6 small meals each day instead of 

3 large meals.

u Eat foods and liquids that are high in sodium 

and potassium. When you have diarrhea, your 

body loses these substances, and it is important 

to replace them. Liquids with sodium include 

bouillon or fat-free broth. Foods high in potassium 

include bananas, canned apricots, and baked, boiled, or mashed potatoes. 
www.cancer.gov 21

u Eat low-fiber foods. Foods high in fiber can make diarrhea worse. Low-fiber 

foods include plain or vanilla yogurt, white toast, and white rice. You can find 

a list of more low-fiber foods on page 54. 

u Have foods and drinks at room temperature, neither too hot nor too cold. 

u Avoid foods or drinks that can make diarrhea worse. These include: 

•	 Foods high in fiber, such as whole wheat breads and pasta

•	 Drinks that have a lot of sugar, such as regular soda and fruit punch

•	 Very hot or very cold drinks

•	 Greasy, fatty, or fried foods, such as French fries and hamburgers

•	 Foods and drinks that can cause gas. These include cooked dried beans and

raw fruits and vegetables.

•	 Milk products, unless they are low-lactose or lactose-free

•	 Beer, wine, and other types of alcohol

•	 Spicy foods, such as pepper, hot sauce, salsa, and chili

•	 Foods or drinks with caffeine. These include regular coffee, tea, some

sodas, and chocolate.

•	 Sugar-free products that are sweetened with xylitol or sorbitol. These are

found mostly in sugar-free gums and candy. Read product labels to find out 

if they have these sweeteners in them.

•	 Apple juice, since it is high in sorbitol

u Drink only clear liquids for 12 to 14 hours after a sudden attack of diarrhea. 

This lets your bowels rest and helps replace lost fluids. Let your doctor know if 

you have sudden diarrhea. 

Ask your doctor or nurse before taking medicine for diarrhea.
22 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

Other ways to manage 

u Talk with a dietitian. He or she can help you choose foods to prevent 

dehydration. The dietitian can also tell you which foods 

are good to eat and which ones to avoid when you 

have diarrhea.

u Be gentle when wiping yourself after a bowel 

movement. Instead of toilet paper, clean yourself with 

wet wipes or squirt water from a spray bottle. Tell your 

doctor or nurse if your rectal area is sore or bleeds or if 

you have hemorrhoids.

u Tell your doctor if you have had diarrhea for more 

than 24 hours. He or she also needs to know if you 

have pain and cramping. Your doctor may prescribe 

medicine to help control these problems. You may 

also need IV fluids to replace lost water and nutrients. 

This means you will receive the fluids through a 

needle inserted into a vein. Do not take medicine for 

diarrhea without first asking your doctor or nurse.
www.cancer.gov 23

Dry Mouth 

What it is

Dry mouth occurs when you have less saliva than you used to. This can make 

it harder to talk, chew, and swallow food. Dry mouth can also change the way 

food tastes.

Why it happens

Chemotherapy and radiation therapy to the head or neck area can 

damage the glands that make saliva. Biological therapy and some 

medicines can also cause dry mouth.

Ways to manage with food

u Sip water throughout the day. This can help moisten your 

mouth, which can help you swallow and talk. Many 

people carry water bottles with them. 

u Have very sweet or tart foods and drinks (such as 

lemonade). These help you make more saliva. But do not 

eat or drink anything sweet or tart if you have a sore mouth 

or sore throat. It might make these problems worse. 

u Chew gum or suck on hard candy, popsicles, and ice 

chips. These help make saliva, which moistens your mouth. 

Choose sugar-free gum or candy since too much sugar can 

cause cavities in your teeth. If you also have diarrhea, check 

with your dietitian before using sugar-free products as some 

sweeteners can make it worse. 

u Eat foods that are easy to swallow. Try pureed cooked foods or soups. You can 

find a list of foods and drinks that are easy to chew and swallow on page 56.

u Moisten food with sauce, gravy, or salad dressing. This helps make food easy 

to swallow. 

u Do not drink beer, wine, or any type of alcohol. These can make your mouth 

even drier.
24 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

u Avoid foods that can hurt your mouth. This includes foods that are very 

spicy, sour, salty, hard, or crunchy.

Other ways to manage 

u Talk with a dietitian. He or she can discuss ways to eat even when a dry 

mouth makes it hard for you to chew.

u Keep your lips moist with lip balm. 

u Rinse your mouth every 1 to 2 hours. Mix 1/4 teaspoon 

baking soda and 1

/8 teaspoon salt with 1 cup warm 

water. Rinse with plain water after using this mixture. 

u Do not use mouthwash that has alcohol. Alcohol makes a dry mouth worse.

u Do not use tobacco products, and avoid second-hand smoke.

Tobacco products and smoke can hurt your mouth and throat.

u Talk with your doctor or dentist. Ask about 

artificial saliva or other products to coat, protect, 

and moisten your mouth and throat. These 

products can help with severe dry mouth. 

Ways to learn more

National Oral Health Information Clearinghouse

A service of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research that 

provides oral health information for special care patients. Ask about their 

booklets, Chemotherapy and Your Mouth and Head and Neck Radiation Treatment 

and Your Mouth.

Phone: 301-402-7364

Online: www.nidcr.nih.gov
www.cancer.gov 25

Lactose Intolerance 

What it is

Lactose intolerance occurs when your body cannot digest or absorb a milk sugar 

called lactose. Lactose is in milk products such as cheese, ice cream, and pudding. 

Symptoms of lactose intolerance can be mild or severe and may include gas, 

cramps, and diarrhea. These symptoms may last for weeks or even months after 

treatment ends. Sometimes, lactose intolerance is a life-long problem. 

Why it happens

Lactose intolerance can be caused by radiation therapy to the abdomen or pelvis 

or other treatments that affect the digestive system, such as surgery or antibiotics.

Ways to manage with food

u Prepare your own low-lactose or lactose-free foods. You can find a sample 

recipe on the next page.

u Choose lactose-free or low-lactose milk products. Most grocery stores have 

products (such as milk and ice cream) labeled “lactose-free” or “low-lactose.” 

u Try products made with soy or rice (such as soy or 

rice milk and ice cream). These products do not have 

any lactose. People with certain types of cancer may not 

be able to eat soy products. So, ask your dietitian if soy 

is safe for you to add to your diet.

u Choose milk products that are low in lactose.

Hard cheeses (such as cheddar) and yogurt are less 

likely to cause problems.
26 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

Recipe

Other ways to manage

u Talk with a dietitian. He or she can help you choose 

foods that are low in lactose. 

u Talk with your doctor. He or she may suggest 

medicine to help with lactose intolerance. These 

include lactase tablets. Lactase is a substance that breaks down lactose.

To help with lactose intolerance

Lactose-Free Double Chocolate Pudding 

2 squares baking chocolate (1 ounce each) 

1 cup nondairy creamer, rice, soy, or lactose-free milk 

1 tablespoon cornstarch 

1/4 cup granulated sugar 

1 teaspoon vanilla extract 

Melt chocolate in a small pan. 

Measure cornstarch and sugar into a separate saucepan. 

Add part of the liquid and stir until cornstarch dissolves. 

Add the rest of the liquid. 

Cook over medium heat until warm. 

Stir in chocolate until mixture is thick and comes to a boil. 

Remove from heat. 

Blend in vanilla and cool. 

Yield: 

2 servings 

Serving size: 

3/4 cup 

Calories per serving: 

382 calories 

Protein per serving:

1 gram
www.cancer.gov 27

Nausea

What it is

Nausea occurs when you feel queasy or sick to your stomach. It may be followed 

by vomiting (throwing up), but not always. Nausea can keep you from getting the 

food and nutrients you need. Not everyone gets nausea and those who do may get 

it right after a treatment or up to 3 days later. Nausea almost always goes away 

once treatment ends. 

Why it happens

Nausea can be a side effect of surgery, chemotherapy, biological therapy, and 

radiation therapy to the abdomen, small intestine, colon, or brain. It can also be 

caused by certain types of cancer or other illnesses.

Ways to manage with food

u Eat foods that are easy on your stomach. These include white toast, plain or 

vanilla yogurt, and clear broth. Try lemon, lime, or other tart-flavored foods. 

You can see more ideas of foods that are easy on the stomach on pages 52 

and 53. 

u Eat 5 or 6 small meals each day instead of 3 large meals. Many people find it 

easier to eat smaller amounts, more often.

u Do not skip meals and snacks. Even if you do not feel hungry, you should still 

eat. For many people, having an empty stomach makes nausea worse. 

u Choose foods that appeal to you. Do not force yourself to eat any food that 

makes you feel sick. At the same time, do not eat your favorite foods, so you 

don’t link them to feeling sick.

u Sip only small amounts of liquids during meals.

Many people feel full or bloated if they eat and drink 

at the same time. 

u Have liquids throughout the day. Drink slowly. Sip 

liquids through a straw. Or, drink from a water bottle. 
28 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

u Have foods and drinks that are not too hot and not too cold. Let hot foods 

and drinks cool down and cold foods and drinks warm up before you eat or 

drink them. You can cool hot foods and drinks by adding ice or warm up cold 

foods in a microwave.

u Eat dry toast or crackers before getting out of bed if you have nausea in the 

morning.

u Plan when it is best for you to eat and drink. Some people feel better when 

they eat a light meal or snack before treatment. Others feel better when they 

have treatment on an empty stomach (nothing to eat or drink for 2 to 3 

hours before). 

Be sure to tell your doctor or nurse if 

antinausea medicine does not help. 

Other ways to manage 

u Talk with your doctor about medicine to prevent nausea (antiemetics or 

antinausea medicines). Be sure to tell your doctor or nurse if the medicines 

are not helping. If one medicine does not work well, your doctor may prescribe 

another. You may need to take them 1 hour before each treatment and for a 

few days after. The type of cancer treatment you get and how you react to it 

affects how long you need to take these medicines. 

Acupuncture may also help. Talk with your doctor or 

nurse if you want to try it. 

u Talk with a dietitian about ways to get enough to 

eat even if you have nausea. 

u Relax before each cancer treatment. You may feel 

better if you try deep breathing, meditation, or 

prayer. Many people relax with quiet activities such 

as reading or listening to music. 

u Rest after meals. But do so sitting up, not 

lying down. 
www.cancer.gov 29

u Wear clothes that are comfortable and loose.

u Keep a record of when you feel nausea and why. Show this to your nurse, 

doctor, or dietitian. He or she might suggest ways to change your diet. 

u Avoid strong food and drink smells. These include foods that are being 

cooked, coffee, fish, onions, and garlic. Ask a friend or family member to cook 

for you to help avoid cooking smells.

u Open a window or turn on a fan if your living area 

feels stuffy. Fresh air can help relieve nausea. Be sure 

not to eat in rooms that are too warm or stuffy. 
30 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

Sore Mouth 

What it is

Radiation therapy to the head or neck, chemotherapy, and biological therapy 

can cause mouth sores (little cuts or ulcers in your mouth) and tender gums. 

Dental problems or mouth infections, such as thrush, can also make your 

mouth sore.

Why it happens

Cancer treatments can harm the fast-growing cells in the lining of your mouth and 

lips. Your mouth and gums will most likely feel better once cancer treatment ends.

Ways to manage with food

u Choose foods that are easy to chew. Certain foods can hurt a sore mouth 

and make it harder to chew and swallow. To help, choose soft foods such as 

milkshakes, scrambled eggs, and custards. Try the recipe on page 33. For 

other ideas, see page 56 for a list of foods and drinks that are easy to chew 

and swallow. 

u Cook foods until they are soft and tender. 

u Cut food into small pieces. You can also puree foods using a blender 

or food processor. 

u Drink with a straw. This can help push the drinks beyond 

the painful parts of your mouth. 

u Use a very small spoon (such as a baby spoon). This will 

help you take smaller bites, which may be easier to chew.

u Eat cold or room-temperature food. Your mouth may hurt more if food 

is too hot. 

u Suck on ice chips. Ice may help numb and soothe your mouth. 
www.cancer.gov 31

u Avoid certain foods and drinks when your mouth is sore.

These include: 

•	 Citrus fruits and juices, such as oranges, lemons, and lemonade

•	 Spicy foods, such as hot sauces, curry dishes, salsa, and chili peppers

•	 Tomatoes and ketchup

•	 Salty foods

•	 Raw vegetables

•	 Sharp, crunchy foods, such as granola, crackers, and potato and

tortilla chips 

•	 Drinks that contain alcohol

If you have a sore mouth, do not use 

tobacco products or drink alcohol.

Other ways to manage 

u Talk with a dietitian. He or she can help you choose 

foods that are easy on a sore mouth.

u Visit a dentist at least 2 weeks before starting biological 

therapy, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy to the head 

or neck. It is important to have a healthy mouth before 

starting cancer treatment. Try to get all needed dental 

work done before your treatment starts. If you can’t, ask 

your doctor or nurse when it will be safe to go to the dentist. 

Tell your dentist that you have cancer and the type of 

treatment you are getting. 

u Rinse your mouth 3 to 4 times a day. Mix 1/4 teaspoon baking soda and 1

/8

teaspoon salt with 1 cup warm water. Rinse with plain water after using this 

mixture. 

u Check each day for any sores, white patches, or puffy 

and red areas in your mouth. This way, you can see or 

feel problems as soon as they start. Tell your doctor if you 

notice these changes.
32 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

u Do not use items that can hurt or burn your mouth, such as:

•	 Mouthwash with any alcohol in it

•	 Toothpicks or other sharp objects

•	 Cigarettes, cigars, or other tobacco products

•	 Beer, wine, liquor, or other type of alcohol

u Tell your doctor and dentist if your mouth or gums are sore. They can figure 

out whether these are from treatment or dental problems. Ask the dentist 

about special products to clean and soothe sore teeth and gums.

u Ask your doctor about medicine for pain. He or she may suggest lozenges or 

sprays that numb your mouth while eating. 

Ways to learn more

National Oral Health Information Clearinghouse

A service of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research that 

provides oral health information for special care patients. Ask about their 

booklets, Chemotherapy and Your Mouth and Head and Neck Radiation Treatment 

and Your Mouth.

Phone: 301-402-7364

Online: www.nidcr.nih.gov

Smokefree.gov

Provides resources, including information about tobacco quit lines, a step-by-step 

smoking cessation guide, and publications to help you or someone you care about 

quit smoking.

Toll-free: 1-877-44U-QUIT (1-877-448-7848)

Online: www.smokefree.gov
www.cancer.gov 33

Recipe

To help with a sore mouth

Fruit and Cream 

1 cup whole milk 

1 cup vanilla ice cream or 

frozen yogurt 

1 cup canned fruit 

(peaches, apricots, pears) 

in heavy syrup with juice 

Almond or vanilla extract 

to taste 

Yield: 

2 servings 

Serving size: 

11/2 cups 

If made with ice cream: 

Calories per serving: 

302 calories 

Protein per serving: 

7 grams 

If made with frozen yogurt: 

Calories per serving: 

268 calories 

Protein per serving: 

9 grams 

Blend ingredients 

in a blender 

and chill well 

before serving. 
34 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

Sore Throat and Trouble Swallowing 

What it is

Chemotherapy and radiation therapy to the head and neck can make the lining 

of your throat inflamed and sore (esophagitis). It may feel as if you have a lump 

in your throat or that your chest or throat is burning. You may also have trouble 

swallowing. These problems may make it hard to eat and cause weight loss.

Why it happens

Some types of chemotherapy and radiation to the head and neck can harm fastgrowing cells, such as those in the lining of your throat. Your risk for a sore 

throat, trouble swallowing, or other throat problems depends on:

u How much radiation you are getting

u If you are getting chemotherapy and radiation therapy at the same time

u Whether you use tobacco or drink alcohol during your course of 

cancer treatment

Ways to manage with food

u Eat 5 or 6 small meals each day instead of 3 large meals. You may find it 

easier to eat a smaller amount of food at one time.

u Choose foods that are easy to swallow. Some foods are hard to chew and 

swallow. To help, choose soft foods such as milkshakes, scrambled eggs, and 

cooked cereal. For other ideas, see page 56 for a list of foods and drinks that 

are easy to chew and swallow. 

u Choose foods and drinks that are high in protein and calories. See the lists 

about ways to add protein on page 59 and ways to add calories on page 63. 

If weight loss is a problem, see the section about weight loss on page 41.

u Cook foods until they are soft and tender.
www.cancer.gov 35

u Cut food into small pieces. You can also puree foods using a blender or 

food processor. 

u Moisten and soften foods with gravy, sauces, broth, or yogurt.

u Sip drinks through a straw. This may make them easier 

to swallow. 

u Do not eat or drink things that can burn or scrape your 

throat, such as:

•	 Hot foods and drinks

•	 Spicy foods

•	 Foods and juices that are high in acid, such as tomatoes, oranges, and

lemonade

•	 Sharp, crunchy foods, such as potato and tortilla chips

•	 Drinks that contain alcohol

Tell your doctor or nurse if you:

u Have trouble swallowing

u Feel as if you are choking

u Cough while eating or drinking

Other ways to manage

u Talk with a dietitian. He or she can help you choose 

foods that are easy to swallow. 

u Sit upright and bend your head slightly forward when eating or drinking. 

Stay sitting or standing upright for at least 30 minutes after eating.

u Do not use tobacco products. These include cigarettes, pipes, cigars, and 

chewing tobacco. All of these can make your throat problems worse.
36 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

u Think about tube feedings. Sometimes, you may not be able to eat enough to 

stay strong and a feeding tube may be a good option. Your doctor or dietitian 

will discuss this with you if he or she thinks it will help you.

u Talk with your doctor or nurse. Tell your doctor or nurse if you have trouble 

swallowing, feel as if you are choking, cough while eating or drinking, or notice 

other throat problems. Also mention if you have pain or are losing weight. Your 

doctor may prescribe medicines to help relieve these symptoms. They include 

antacids and medicines to coat your throat and control your pain. 

Ways to learn more

Smokefree.gov

Provides resources, including information about tobacco quit lines, a step-by-step 

smoking cessation guide, and publications to help you or someone you care about 

quit smoking.

Toll-free: 1-877-44U-QUIT (1-877-448-7848)

Online: www.smokefree.gov
www.cancer.gov 37

Vomiting 

What it is

Vomiting is another way to say “throwing up.”

Why it happens

Vomiting may follow nausea and be caused by cancer treatment, food odors, 

motion, an upset stomach, or bowel gas. Some people vomit when they are in 

places (such as hospitals) that remind them of cancer. Vomiting, like nausea, can 

happen right after treatment or 1 or 2 days later. You may also have dry heaves, 

which occur when your body tries to vomit even though your stomach is empty. 

Biological therapy, some types of chemotherapy, and radiation therapy to the 

abdomen, small intestine, colon, or brain can cause nausea, vomiting, or both. 

Often, this happens because these treatments harm healthy cells in your 

digestive track. 

Ways to manage with food

u Do not have anything to eat or drink until your vomiting stops. 

u Once the vomiting stops, drink small amounts of clear liquids (such as 

water or bouillon). Be sure to start slowly and take little sips at a time. You 

can find a list of other clear liquids on page 49. 

u Once you can drink clear liquids without vomiting, try full-liquid foods 

and drinks or those that are easy on your stomach. You can slowly add 

back solid foods when you start feeling better. There is a list of full-liquid 

foods on page 50 and a list of foods and drinks that are easy on the stomach 

on page 52. 
38 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

u Eat 5 or 6 small meals each day instead of 3 large meals. Once you start 

eating, it may be easier to eat smaller amounts at a time. Do not eat your 

favorite foods at first, so that you do not begin to dislike them.

Be sure to tell your doctor or nurse if your 

antinausea medicine is not helping. 

Other ways to manage 

u Talk with a dietitian. He or she can suggest foods 

to eat once your vomiting stops. 

u Ask your doctor to prescribe medicine to prevent or control vomiting

(antiemetics or antinausea medicines). Be sure to tell your doctor or nurse if 

the medicine is not helping. Your doctor may prescribe another. You may need 

to take these medicines 1 hour before each treatment and for a few days after. 

The type of cancer treatment you get and how you react to it affects how long 

you need to take these medicines. You may also want to talk with your doctor 

or nurse about acupuncture. It might also help. 

u Prevent nausea. One way to prevent vomiting is to prevent nausea. You can 

learn more about nausea on page 27. 

u Call your doctor if your vomiting is severe or lasts 

for more than 1 or 2 days. Vomiting can lead to 

dehydration (which occurs when your body does not 

have enough water). Your doctor needs to know if 

you cannot keep liquids down.
www.cancer.gov 39

Weight Gain 

What it is

Weight gain occurs when you have an increase in body weight. Many people with 

cancer think they will lose weight and are surprised, and sometimes upset, when 

they gain weight.

Why it happens

Weight gain can happen for many reasons:

u People with certain types of cancer are more likely to gain weight. 

u Hormone therapy, certain types of chemotherapy, and medicines such as 

steroids can cause weight gain. These treatments can also cause your body to 

retain water, which makes you feel puffy and gain weight. 

u Some treatments can also increase your appetite so you feel hungry and eat 

more. You gain weight when you eat more calories than your body needs. 

u Cancer and its treatments can cause fatigue and changes in your schedule that 

may lead to a decrease in activity. Being less active can cause weight gain.

Do not go on a diet to lose weight before talking with your 

doctor about it. He or she will help figure out why you are 

gaining weight and discuss what you can do about it.

Ways to manage with food

u Eat lots of fruits and vegetables. These are high 

in fiber and low in calories. They can help you feel 

full without adding a lot of calories. 
40 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

u Eat foods that are high in fiber, such as whole 

grain breads, cereals, and pasta. For more ideas, 

see the list of high-fiber foods on page 55. People 

with certain types of cancer should not eat a lot 

of fiber, so check with your doctor before adding 

fiber to your diet.

u Choose lean meats, such as lean beef, pork 

trimmed of fat, or poultry without skin.

u Choose low-fat milk products. These include 

low-fat or non-fat yogurt and skim or 1% milk. 

u Eat less fat. Eat only small amounts of butter, 

mayonnaise, desserts, fried foods, and other 

high-calorie foods. 

u Cook with low-fat methods, such as broiling, steaming, grilling, or roasting. 

u Eat small portion sizes. When you eat out, take half of your meal home to 

eat later.

u Eat less salt. This helps you not retain water if your weight gain is from 

fluid retention. 

Other ways to manage 

u Talk with a dietitian. He or she can discuss ways 

to limit the amount of salt you eat if your weight 

gain is from fluid retention. A dietitian can also 

help you choose healthy foods and make healthy 

changes to your favorite recipes. 

u Exercise each day. Not only does exercise help you 

burn calories, but studies show that it helps people 

with cancer feel better. Talk with your doctor or 

nurse about how much exercise to do while having 

cancer treatment. 

u Talk with your doctor before going on a diet to 

lose weight. He or she can help figure out why 

you are gaining weight and prescribe medicine 

(called a diuretic) if you have fluid retention. 
www.cancer.gov 41

Weight Loss 

What it is

Weight loss is when you have a decrease in body weight. 

Why it happens

Weight loss can be caused by cancer itself, or by side effects of cancer treatment, 

such as nausea and vomiting. Stress and worry can also cause weight loss. Many 

people with cancer have weight loss during treatment. 

Ways to manage with food

u Eat when it is time to eat, rather than waiting until you 

feel hungry. You still need to eat even if you do not feel 

hungry while being treated for cancer. 

u Eat 5 or 6 small meals each day instead of 3 large meals. 

You may find it easier to eat smaller amounts at one time. 

u Eat foods that are high in protein and calories. You can also add protein and 

calories to other foods. Try the recipe for peanut butter snack spread on page 

43. For other ideas, see the lists of how to add protein on page 59 and how to 

add calories on page 63.

u Drink milkshakes, smoothies, juices, or soups if you do not 

feel like eating solid foods. These can provide the protein, 

vitamins, and calories your body needs. Try the recipe for the 

high-protein milkshake on page 43. For other ideas, see the 

list of full-liquid foods on page 50.

u Cook with protein-fortified milk. You can use proteinfortified milk (instead of regular milk) when cooking foods such as macaroni 

and cheese, pudding, cream sauce, mashed potatoes, cocoa, soups, or 

pancakes. See the recipe for protein-fortified milk on the next page. 
42 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

RecipeS

Other ways to manage 

u Talk with a dietitian. He or she can give you ideas about how to maintain or 

regain your weight. This includes choosing foods that are high in protein and 

calories and adapting your favorite recipes. 

u Be as active as you can. You might have more appetite if 

you take a short walk or do other light exercise. Studies 

show that many people with cancer feel better when they 

exercise each day. 

u Think about tube feedings. Sometimes, you may not be 

able to eat enough to stay strong and a feeding tube may 

be a good option. Your doctor or dietitian will discuss this with you if he or 

she thinks it will help you.

u Tell your doctor if you are having eating problems, such as nausea, 

vomiting, or changes in how foods taste and smell. He or she can help 

control these so you can eat better. 

To help with weight loss

Protein-Fortified Milk 

1 quart (4 cups) whole milk 

1 cup nonfat instant dry milk 

Pour liquid milk into a deep bowl. 

Add dry milk and beat slowly with 

a mixer until dry milk is dissolved 

(usually less than five minutes). 

Refrigerate and serve cold. 

Note: If it tastes too strong, start 

with 1/2 cup of dry milk powder 

and slowly work up to 1 cup. 

Yield: 1 quart 

Serving size: 1 cup 

Calories per serving:

211 calories 

Protein per serving: 

14 grams 
www.cancer.gov 43

High-Protein Milkshake 

1 cup protein-fortified milk 

2 tablespoons butterscotch sauce, 

chocolate sauce, or your favorite 

fruit syrup or sauce 

1/2 cup ice cream 

1/2 teaspoon vanilla extract 

Put all ingredients in a blender. 

Blend at low speed for 10 seconds. 

Peanut Butter Snack Spread 

1 tablespoon nonfat instant dry milk 

1 tablespoon honey 

1 teaspoon water 

5 tablespoons smooth peanut butter 

1 teaspoon vanilla extract 

Combine dry milk, water, and vanilla, and stir to moisten. 

Add honey and peanut butter, 

and stir slowly until blended 

Spread on crackers. 

Mixture also can be formed into balls, 

chilled, and eaten as candy. 

Keeps well in a refrigerator, but is 

hard to spread when cold. 

Yield: 1 serving 

Serving size: 

Approximately 11/2 cups 

Calories per serving: 

425 calories 

Protein per serving: 

17 grams 

Yield: 6 tbsp 

Serving size: 3 tbsp 

Calories per serving:

279 calories 

Protein per serving: 

11 grams 
44 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

After Cancer Treatment 

Many eating problems go away when treatment ends

Once you finish cancer treatment, many of your eating problems will get better. 

Some eating problems, such as weight loss and changes in taste or smell, may 

last longer than your course of treatment. If you had treatment for head and 

neck cancer or surgery to remove part of your stomach or intestines, then eating 

problems may always be part of your life.

Return to healthy eating

While healthy eating by itself cannot keep cancer from coming back, it can help 

you regain strength, rebuild tissue, and improve how you feel after treatment 

ends. Here are some ways to eat well after treatment ends:

u Prepare simple meals that you like and are easy to make. 

u Cook 2 or 3 meals at a time. Freeze the extras to eat later on. 

u Stock up on frozen dinners.

u Make cooking easy, such as buying cut-up vegetables from a salad bar. 

u Eat many different kinds of foods. No single food has all the vitamins and 

nutrients you need. 

u Eat lots of fruits and vegetables. This includes eating raw and cooked vegetables, 

fruits, and fruit juices. These all have vitamins, minerals, and fiber. 

u Eat whole wheat bread, oats, brown rice, or other whole grains and cereals. 

These have needed complex carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and fiber. 

u Add beans, peas, and lentils to your diet and eat them often.

u Go easy on fat, salt, sugar, alcohol, and smoked or pickled foods. 

u Choose low-fat milk products. 
www.cancer.gov 45

u Eat small portions (about 6 to 7 ounces each day) of lean meat and poultry 

without skin.

u Use low-fat cooking methods, such as broiling, steaming, grilling, and roasting.

Talk with a dietitian

You may find it helpful to talk with a dietitian even 

when you are finished with cancer treatment. A 

dietitian can help you return to healthy eating or 

discuss ways to manage any lasting eating problems. 
46 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

Eating Problems That May Be Caused by Certain 

Cancer Treatments 

What Sometimes Happens: Side Effects

•	 Surgery may slow digestion (how the body uses food). It can

also affect eating if you have surgery of the mouth, stomach, 

intestines, or throat. 

•	 After surgery, some people have trouble getting back to normal

eating. If this happens, you may need to get nutrients through 

a feeding tube or IV (through a needle directly into a vein).

Note: Surgery increases your need for good nutrition. If you 

are weak or underweight, you may need to eat a high-protein, 

high-calorie diet before surgery.

Radiation therapy damages healthy cells as well as cancer cells. 

When you have radiation therapy to the head, neck, chest, or 

esophagus, you may have eating problems such as: 

•	 Changes in your sense of taste (page 15)

•	 Dry mouth (page 23) 

•	 Sore mouth (page 30)

•	 Sore throat (page 34)

•	 Tooth and jaw problems

•	 Trouble swallowing (page 34)

When you have radiation therapy to the abdomen or pelvis, you 

may have problems with: 

•	 Cramps, bloating

•	 Diarrhea (page 20)

•	 Nausea (page 27)

•	 Vomiting (page 37)

Cancer Treatment

Surgery

Radiation Therapy
www.cancer.gov 47

What Sometimes Happens: Side Effects

Chemotherapy works by stopping or slowing the growth of

cancer cells, which grow and divide quickly. But it can also harm 

healthy cells that grow and divide quickly, such as those in the 

lining of your mouth and intestines. Damage to healthy cells can 

lead to side effects. Some of these side effects can lead to eating 

problems, such as:

•	 Appetite loss (page 12)

•	 Changes in your sense of taste (page 15)

•	 Constipation (page 17)

•	 Diarrhea (page 20)

•	 Nausea (page 27)

•	 Sore mouth (page 30)

•	 Sore throat (page 34)

•	 Vomiting (page 37)

•	 Weight gain (page 39)

•	 Weight loss (page 41)

Biological therapy can affect your interest in food or ability to eat. 

Problems can include:

•	 Changes in your sense of taste (page 15)

•	 Diarrhea (page 20)

•	 Dry mouth (page 23)

Cancer Treatment

Chemotherapy

Biological Therapy

(Immunotherapy)

continued on next page

Eating Problems That May Be Caused by Certain Cancer Treatments 

continued
48 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

What Sometimes Happens: Side Effects

•	 Appetite loss caused by flu-like symptoms, such as muscle

aches, fatigue, and fever (page 12)

•	 Nausea (page 27)

•	 Sore mouth (page 30)

•	 Vomiting (page 37)

•	 Weight loss, severe (page 41)

Hormone therapy can affect your interest in food or ability to eat.

Problems can include:

•	 Changes in your sense of taste (page 15)

•	 Diarrhea (page 20)

Cancer Treatment

Biological Therapy

(Immunotherapy)

(continued)

Hormone Therapy 

Eating Problems That May Be Caused by Certain Cancer Treatments

continued
www.cancer.gov 49

Lists of Foods and Drinks

Clear Liquids 

This list may help if you have appetite loss, constipation, diarrhea, or vomiting. 

u See page 12 to read more about appetite loss.

u See page 17 to read more about constipation. 

u See page 20 to read more about diarrhea.

u See page 37 to read more about vomiting.

Liquids

Bouillon

Clear broth

Consommé

Clear fruit juices (such as apple, cranberry, or grape)

Clear carbonated soda or water

Flavored water

Fruit-flavored drinks

Fruit punch

Sports drinks

Water

Weak tea with no caffeine

Fruit ices made without fruit pieces or milk

Gelatin

Hard candy

Honey

Jelly

Popsicles

Clear nutrition supplements (such as Resource® Breeze,)

Carnation® Instant Breakfast® juice, and Enlive!®) 

Types

Soups

Drinks

Desserts and snacks

Meal replacements 

and supplements
50 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

Full-Liquid Foods

This list may help if you have appetite loss, vomiting, or weight loss. 

u See page 12 to read more about appetite loss. 

u See page 37 to read more about vomiting.

u See page 41 to read more about weight loss.

Types

Cereals

Soups

Drinks

Foods and Drinks

Refined hot cereals (such as Cream of Wheat®,

Cream of Rice®, instant oatmeal, and grits)

Bouillon

Broth

Soup that has been strained or put through a blender

Carbonated drinks

Coffee

Fruit drinks

Fruit punch

Milk

Milkshakes

Smoothies

Sports drinks

Tea

Tomato juice

Vegetable juice

Water
www.cancer.gov 51

Full-Liquid Foods continued

Types

Desserts and snacks

Meal replacement 

and supplements

Foods and Drinks

Custard (soft or baked)

Frozen yogurt

Fruit purees that are watered down

Gelatin

Honey

Ice cream with no chunks (such as nuts or cookie pieces)

Ice milk

Jelly

Pudding

Sherbet

Sorbet

Syrup

Yogurt (plain or vanilla)

Instant breakfast drinks (such as Carnation® Instant 

Breakfast®)

Liquid meal replacements (such as Ensure® and Boost®)

Clear nutrition supplements (such as Resource® Breeze,

Carnation® Instant Breakfast® juice, and Enlive!®) 
52 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

Foods and Drinks That Are Easy on the Stomach

This list may help if you have nausea or once your vomiting is under control. 

u See page 27 to read more about nausea.

u See page 37 to read more about vomiting.

Types

Soups

Drinks

Main meals and 

other food

Foods and Drinks

Clear broth (such as chicken, vegetable, or beef)

All kinds (strain or puree, if needed), except those made 

with foods that cause gas, such as dried beans and peas, 

broccoli, or cabbage

Clear carbonated drinks that have lost their fizz

Cranberry or grape juice

Fruit-flavored drinks

Fruit punch

Milk

Sports drinks

Tea

Vegetable juices

Water

Avocado

Beef (tender cuts)

Cheese, hard (mild types, such as American) 

Cheese, soft or semi-soft (such as cottage cheese 

or cream cheese)

Chicken or turkey (broiled or baked without skin)

Eggs

Fish (poached or broiled)

Noodles

Pasta (plain)

Peanut butter, creamy (and other nut butters)

Potatoes, without skins (boiled or baked)
www.cancer.gov 53

Foods and Drinks That Are Easy on the Stomach continued

Types

Main meals and 

other food

(continued)

Desserts and snacks

Meal replacements

and supplements 

Foods and Drinks

Pretzels

Refined cold cereals (such as corn flakes, Rice Krispies®, Rice 

Chex®, and Corn Chex®)

Refined hot cereals (such as Cream of Wheat®)

Saltine crackers

Tortillas (white flour)

Vegetables (tender, well-cooked)

White bread

White rice

White toast

Angel food cake

Bananas

Canned fruit, such as applesauce, peaches, and pears

Custard

Frozen yogurt

Gelatin

Ice cream

Ice milk

Lemon drop candy

Popsicles

Pudding

Sherbet

Sorbet

Yogurt (plain or vanilla)

Instant breakfast drinks (such as Carnation® Instant Breakfast®)

Liquid meal replacements (such as Ensure®)

Clear nutrition supplements (such as Resource® Breeze,

Carnation® Instant Breakfast® juice, and Enlive!®) 
54 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

Low-Fiber Foods

This list may help if you have diarrhea. See page 20 to read more about diarrhea.

Types

Main meals and 

other foods

Fruits and vegetables

Snacks

Foods and Drinks

Chicken or turkey (skinless and baked, broiled, or grilled)

Cooked refined cereals (such as Cream of Rice®, 

instant oatmeal, and grits)

Eggs

Fish

Noodles

Potatoes, without skins (boiled or baked)

White bread

White rice

Carrots (cooked)

Canned fruit (such as peaches, pears, and applesauce)

Fruit juice

Mushrooms

String beans (cooked)

Vegetable juice

Angel food cake

Animal crackers

Custard

Gelatin

Ginger snaps

Graham crackers

Saltine crackers

Sherbet 

Sorbet

Vanilla wafers

Yogurt (plain or vanilla)
www.cancer.gov 55

High-Fiber Foods

This list may help if you have constipation or weight gain. 

u See page 17 to read more about constipation. 

u See page 39 to read more about weight gain.

Type

Main meals and 

other foods

Fruits and vegetables

Snacks

Foods and Drinks

Bran muffins

Bran or whole-grain cereals

Cooked dried or canned peas and beans (such as lentils or 

pinto, black, red, or kidney beans)

Peanut butter (and other nut butters)

Soups with vegetables and beans (such as lentil 

and split pea)

Whole-grain cereals (such as oatmeal and shredded wheat)

Whole-wheat bread

Whole-wheat pasta

Apples

Berries (such as blueberries, blackberries, and strawberries)

Broccoli

Brussel sprouts 

Cabbage

Corn

Dried fruit (such as apricots, dates, prunes, and raisins)

Green leafy vegetables (such as spinach, lettuce, kale, 

and collard greens)

Peas

Potatoes with skins

Spinach

Sweet potatoes

Yams 

Bran snack bars

Granola

Nuts

Popcorn

Seeds (such as pumpkin or sunflower)

Trail mix
56 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

Foods and Drinks That Are Easy To Chew and Swallow 

This list may help if you have dry mouth, sore mouth, sore throat, or trouble swallowing.

u See page 23 to read more about dry mouth.

u See page 30 to read more about sore mouth.

u See page 34 to read more about sore throat and trouble swallowing. 

Types

Main meals and 

other foods

Desserts and Snacks

Meal replacements

and supplements

Foods and Drinks

Baby food

Casseroles

Chicken salad

Cooked refined cereals (such as Cream of Wheat®, Cream 

of Rice®, instant oatmeal, and grits)

Cottage cheese

Eggs (soft boiled or scrambled)

Egg salad

Macaroni and cheese

Mashed potatoes

Peanut butter, creamy

Pureed cooked foods

Soups

Stews

Tuna salad

Custard

Flan

Fruit (pureed or baby food)

Gelatin

Ice cream

Milkshakes

Puddings

Sherbet

Smoothies

Soft fruits (such as bananas or applesauce)

Sorbet

Yogurt (plain or vanilla)

Instant breakfast drinks (such as Carnation® Instant 

Breakfast®)

Liquid meal replacements (such as Ensure®)

Clear nutrition supplements (such as Resource® Breeze,

Carnation® Instant Breakfast® juice, and Enlive!®) 
www.cancer.gov 57

Quick and Easy Snacks

This list may help if you have appetite loss. See page 12 to read more about appetite loss.

Types of Foods and Drinks

Drinks

Main meals and 

other foods

Fruits and vegetables

Examples

Chocolate milk

Instant breakfast drinks

Juices

Milk 

Milkshakes

Bread

Cereal

Cheese, hard or semisoft

Crackers

Cream soups

Hard-boiled and deviled eggs

Muffins

Nuts

Peanut butter (and other nut butters)

Pita bread and hummus

Pizza

Sandwiches

Applesauce

Fresh or canned fruit

Vegetables (raw or cooked) 

continued on next page
58 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

Quick and Easy Snacks continued

Types of Foods and Drinks

Desserts and snacks

Examples

Cakes and cookies made with whole grains, 

fruits, nuts, wheat germ, or granola

Custard

Dips made with cheese, beans, or sour cream

Frozen yogurt

Gelatin

Granola

Granola bars

Ice cream

Nuts

Popcorn

Popsicles

Puddings

Sherbet

Sorbet

Trail mix

Yogurt
www.cancer.gov 59

Ways To Add Protein

This list may help if you have appetite loss, sore throat, trouble swallowing, or weight loss. 

u See page 12 to read more about appetite loss. 

u See page 34 to read more about sore throat and trouble swallowing.

u See page 41 to read more about weight loss.

Types

Hard or semisoft cheese

Cottage cheese/

ricotta cheese

How To Use

•	 Melt on:

- Sandwiches

- Bread

- Muffins

- Tortillas

- Hamburgers

- Hot dogs

- Meats and fish

- Vegetables

- Eggs

- Desserts

- Stewed fruit

- Pies

•	 Grate and add to:

- Soups

- Sauces

- Casseroles

- Vegetable dishes

- Mashed potatoes

- Rice

- Noodles

- Meatloaf

•	 Mix with or use to stuff fruits and vegetables

•	 Add to:

- Casseroles

- Spaghetti

- Noodles

- Egg dishes (such as omelets, scrambled eggs, 

and soufflés) 

continued on next page
60 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

Ways To Add Protein continued

Types

Milk

Nonfat instant dry milk 

Meal replacements, 

supplements, and

protein powder

Ice cream, yogurt, and 

frozen yogurt

How To Use

•	 Use milk instead of water in drinks and

in cooking

•	 Use in hot cereal, soups, cocoa, and pudding

•	 Add to milk and milk drinks (such as pasteurized

eggnog and milkshakes)

•	 Use in:

- Casseroles

- Meatloaf

- Breads

- Muffins

- Sauces

- Cream soups

- Mashed potatoes

- Macaroni and cheese

- Pudding

- Custard

- Other milk-based desserts

•	 Use “instant breakfast powder” in milk drinks

and desserts

•	 Mix with ice cream, milk, and fruit flavoring for a

high-protein milkshake

•	 Add to:

- Carbonated drinks

- Milk drinks (such as milkshakes)

- Cereal

- Fruit

- Gelatin

- Pies

•	 Mix with soft or cooked fruits

•	 Make a sandwich of ice cream or frozen yogurt

between cake slices, cookies, or graham crackers

•	 Mix with breakfast drinks and fruit, such as bananas	
www.cancer.gov 61

Ways To Add Protein continued

Types

Eggs

Nuts, seeds, and

wheat germ

How To Use

•	 Add chopped hard-boiled eggs to salads, salad

dressings, vegetables, casseroles, and creamed meats

•	 Make a rich custard with eggs, milk, and sugar

•	 Add extra hard-boiled yolks to deviled egg filling and

sandwich spread

•	 Beat eggs into mashed potatoes, pureed vegetables,

and sauces. (Make sure to keep cooking these dishes 

after adding the eggs because raw eggs may contain 

harmful bacteria.)

•	 Add extra eggs or egg whites to:	

- Custard

- Puddings

- Quiches

- Scrambled eggs

- Omelets

- Pancake or French toast batter

•	 Add to:

- Casseroles

- Breads

- Muffins

- Pancakes

- Cookies

- Waffles

•	 Sprinkle on:

- Fruit

- Cereal

- Ice cream

- Yogurt

- Vegetables

- Salads

- Toast

continued on next page
62 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

Ways To Add Protein continued

Types

Nuts, seeds, and

wheat germ

(continued)

Peanut butter and

other nut butters

Meat, poultry, 

and fish

Beans, legumes,

and tofu

How To Use

•	 Use in place of breadcrumbs in recipes

•	 Blend with parsley, spinach, or herbs and cream to

make a sauce for noodle, pasta, or vegetable dishes

•	 Roll bananas in chopped nuts

•	 Spread on:

- Sandwiches

- Toast

- Muffins

- Crackers

- Waffles

- Pancakes

- Fruit slices

•	 Use as a dip for raw vegetables

•	 Blend with milk and other drinks

•	 Swirl through soft ice cream and yogurt

•	 Add chopped, cooked meat or fish to:

- Vegetables

- Salads

- Casseroles

- Soups

- Sauces

- Biscuit dough

- Omelets

- Soufflés

- Quiches

- Sandwich fillings

- Chicken and turkey stuffings

•	 Wrap in pie crust or biscuit dough as turnovers

•	 Add to stuffed baked potatoes

•	 Add to casseroles, pasta, soup, salad, and grain dishes

•	 Mash cooked beans with cheese and milk
www.cancer.gov 63

Ways To Add Calories

This list may help if you have appetite loss, sore throat, trouble swallowing, or weight loss. 

u See page 12 to read more about appetite loss. 

u See page 34 to read more about sore throat and trouble swallowing.

u See page 41 to read more about weight loss.

Types

Milk

Cheese

Granola

Dried fruits 

(raisins, prunes,

apricots, dates, figs)

How To Use

•	 Use whole milk instead of low-fat

•	 Put on hot or cold cereal

•	 Pour on chicken and fish while baking

•	 Mix in hamburgers, meatloaf, and croquettes

•	 Make hot chocolate with milk

•	 Melt on top of casseroles, potatoes, and vegetables

•	 Add to omelets

•	 Add to sandwiches

•	 Use in cookie, muffin, and bread batters

•	 Sprinkle on:

- Vegetables

- Yogurt

- Ice cream

- Pudding

- Custard

- Fruit

•	 Layer with fruits and bake

•	 Mix with dried fruits and nuts for a snack

•	 Use in pudding recipes instead of bread or rice

•	 Plump them in warm water, and eat for breakfast,

dessert, or snack

•	 Add to:

- Muffins

- Cookies

- Breads

continued on next page
64 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

Ways To Add Calories continued

Types

Dried fruits 

(raisins, prunes,

apricots, dates, figs)

(continued)

Eggs

How To Use

- Cakes

- Rice and grain dishes

- Cereals

- Puddings

- Stuffings

- Cooked vegetables (such as carrots, sweet 

potatoes, yams, and acorn or butternut squash)

•	 Bake in pies and turnovers

•	 Combine with nuts or granola for snacks

•	 Add chopped hard-boiled eggs to salads, salad

dressings, vegetables, casseroles, and creamed 

meats

•	 Make a rich custard with eggs, milk, and sugar

•	 Add extra hard-boiled yolks to deviled egg filling and

sandwich spread

•	 Beat eggs into mashed potatoes, pureed vegetables,

and sauces. (Make sure to keep cooking these dishes 

after adding the eggs because raw eggs may contain 

harmful bacteria.)

•	 Add extra eggs or egg whites to:	

- Custards

- Puddings

- Quiches

- Scrambled eggs

- Omelets

- Pancake or French toast batter
www.cancer.gov 65

Ways To Learn More

For a complete list of resources, see the fact sheet, National Organizations 

That Offer Services to People With Cancer and Their Families. You can get it 

free through www.cancer.gov or 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).

National Cancer Institute

Cancer Information Service

Answers questions about cancer, clinical trials, and cancer-related services 

and helps users find information on the NCI Web site. Provides NCI printed 

materials.

Toll-free: 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800- 422-6237)

TTY: 1-800-332-8615

Online: www.cancer.gov

Chat online: www.cancer.gov/help

American Dietetic Association 

The nation’s largest organization of food and nutrition professionals. They can 

help you find a dietitian in your area. 

Online: www.eatright.org

American Institute for Cancer Research

Answers questions about diet, nutrition, and cancer through its “Nutrition 

Hotline” phone and e-mail service. Has many consumer and health professional 

brochures, plus health aids about diet and nutrition, and their link to cancer and 

cancer prevention.

Toll-free: 1-800-843-8114

E-mail: aicrweb@aicr.org

Online: www.aicr.org
66 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

CancerCare, Inc.

Offers free support, information, financial assistance, and practical help to people 

with cancer and their loved ones.

Toll-free: 1-800-813-HOPE (1-800-813-4673)

E-mail: info@cancercare.org

Online: www.cancercare.org

National Oral Health Information Clearinghouse

A service of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research that 

provides oral health information for special care patients.

Phone: 301-402-7364

Online: www.nidcr.nih.gov

Smokefree.gov

Provides resources, including information about tobacco quit lines, a step-by-step 

smoking cessation guide, and publications to help you or someone you care about 

quit smoking.

Toll-free: 1-877-44U-QUIT (1-877-448-7848)

Online: www.smokefree.gov

The Wellness Community

Provides free psychological and emotional support to people with cancer and 

their families. 

Toll-free: 1-888-793-WELL (1-888-793-9355)

E-mail: help@thewellnesscommunity.org

Online: www.thewellnesscommunity.org
www.cancer.gov 67

Notes

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68 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)

Notes

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NIH Publication No. 09-2079

Printed September 2009