EPGAA meeting with EPA/NHTSAApril 19, 2012Bob Hurley, The Accord groupRob Vandal, GuardianAaron Singer, AGCMukesh Rustagi, PGW1Solar load and glazingUV5%Visible43%Near IR52%Normalized Solar Power Distribution•Visible light transmission isregulated–> 70% all positions(except roof) in cars–Behind B pillar, noregulation in trucks250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500Wavelength(nm)•Most of solar energy is innear Infra-red2Energy management in glass3Energy management in glass•Various technologies–IR absorbing•Glazing absorbs the energy–Some of it radiates/convects out–Rest radiates/convects in•Mostly effective when vehicle is moving–Higher convection loss to outside•Can be in glass, interlayer, or coating–IR reflecting•Reflects IR energy–Energy never enters the glass or the vehicle•Effective when vehicle is parked•Can be in interlayer or coating4Energy management•Heat load reduction impact of glass – SAE IMAC Study– Glass with 40% Tts2025

Reduction in Temperature (

o C)3645 Reduction in Temperature (

o F)Solar Reflective Glass-all locations, Parked Car VentilationSolar Reflective Glass-all locationsSolar Reflective Windshield-BackliteSolar Reflective WindshieldSolar Reflective Paint-all tests051015Air-Foot Air-Breath Air Dashboard Roof Exterior Front DriverSeatFront PassSeatWindshield

Reduction in Temperature (091827 Reduction in Temperature (5Impact on Fuel Use – SAE IMAC Study•US Average AC use - 32.6%(MAC Summit 2004)•US Vehicle Miles Traveled - 11,998(Wards 2005)FTP DriveAnnual Fuel Used per Vehicle for AC (gal)26 % Reduction in AC fuel use for this vehicleCycleFuel Used with Baseline AC 42.6Fuel Used with 70% Baseline AC 31.4Fuel Savings per Vehicle 11.26Heat Load Reduction Technologies•IR Reflecting–Metallic coatings•Thickness measured in Angstroms (0.1 nanometers)•So thin that you can see through metal layers•Create a barrier to direct RF signal–Non-metallic coatings•Multiple non-metallic (polymer) layers of varying degrees of index of refraction•Currently commercial by 3M•Others under development–BASF publicly disclosed–Other companies also developing (EPGAA members canprovide confidentially, ifnecessary)•IR Absorbing–Absorbing materials in glass or vinyl7RF Issues from metal-coated glazing•Metal-coated glazing is currently in use by mostglobal OEMs–European adoption far greater than North America•Smaller vehicles, more load on AC•Some vehicles do not have AC•Fuel price is much higher•Automotive technology leadership–North America has millions of vehicles with thistechnology•No known reports of cell phone issues with vehicles usingmetal-coated glazing8RF issues from metal-coated glazing•Testing by CARB showed no particular issue–Cell phone signal loss was within normal variation–Ankle bracelet testing was within normal variation9•PGW testing confirmed CARB results–Cell phone signals tested with IR Reflectivewindshield•Signal tested at all locations in carRF Issues from metal-coated glazing•No significant signal loss detected–Ankle bracelet signals tested with IR Reflectivewindshield•No significant difference found in all locations incar10Data from PGW testing – Cell Phone-15.0-10.0-5.00.05.0

Average Gain (dBi)Rear Passenger Outer Cellular Average Gain - Deletion PatternsRegular W/S l(Avg Gain -1.9 dBi)No Deletion (Avg Gain-1.7dBi)Deletion X (Avg Gain-2.1)Deletion A (Avg Gain-1.8)Deletion B (Avg Gain-2.0dBi)•Testing shows minimal variation with metal coated windshield and various deletion patterns-20.0 824 829 834 839 844 849 868.5 874 879.3 883.6 889.4 894 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1929.6 1938.4 1950 1960 1970.4 1980 1990

Average Gain (dBi)Frequency (MHz)Deletion B (Avg Gain-2.0dBi)-20.0-15.0-10.0-5.00.05.0 824 829 834 839 844 849 868.5 874 879.3 883.6 889.4 894 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1929.6 1938.4 1950 1960 1970.4 1980 1990

Average Gain (dBi)Frequency (MHz)Rear Passenger Outer Cellular Average Gain - Additional Deletion PatternsRegular W/S l(Avg Gain-1.9 dBi)Deletion C (Avg Gain-1.7dBi)Deletion D (Avg Gain -1.4)Deletion E (Avg Gain -1.8 dBi)11Data from PGW testing – Ankle Bracelet•Testing shows minimal variation with metal coated windshield and various deletion patternsAverage Signal Strength(dBi)FrontDriverFrontPassengerRearDriverRearPassengerRegular W/S -12.3 -10.3 -10.3 -8.7IR Reflective W/S -No Deletions -13.1 -10.6 -11.0 -9.2IR Reflective W/S -Edge Deletion-11.4-10.3-11.1-9.112•There are solutions for specific glass mounted devicesthat have direct RF signal transmittance through metalcoated glazing–Each OEM designs their own solution•Perimeter deletion•Specific deletions for mounted devicesRF Issues from metal-coated glazing•Other deletions (within vision area) for customer mounted devices•For example, Daimler, Audi, BMW, among others, havemultiplecameras, sensors, antennas, EZ Pass, etc. mountedon IRReflective (metal coated) glass that operate without any issues(specific examples can be provided confidentially)–Other technology solutions, if necessary, are alsoavailablein the market today•Signal repeaters, for example, are commercially available13Conclusion•The metal-coated glazing is perfectly legal todayand already in commercial use on millions ofvehicles•There are multiple technologies available toachieve heat load reduction, both metallic andnon-metallic•Even metallic coated glazing can be engineeredfor RF signal transparency•There is no reason to compromise fuel economysavings and greenhouse gas reductions for issuesbased on incomplete data and conjectures14Back-up Slides15Vehicles using IR Reflective metal coated glazingAudiA6A7A8BentleyContinental GTFlying SpurBMW3 series(sedan/stationwagon,coupe/convertible)FordFocusC-MaxGrande CMaxGalaxyS-MAXMondeoKugaGMBuick RoadmasterCadillac CateraCadillac DevilleChevrolet APV(MiniVan)Pontiac APV(MiniVan)Oldsmobile APV(MiniVan)Buick RendezvousPontiac AztecLandroverDiscoveryRange RoverMaseratiQuattroporteMaybach57/62Mercedes-BenzCL-ClassGL-ClassPorscheCayennePanameraPSA406RenaultScenicMeganeRolls RoycePhantomDrophead/CoupeVolvoXC60XC70XC90S60S80V60V70coupe/convertible)5 series (GT,sedan/stationwagon)6 series7 seriesX3X5X6CitroenBerlingoXsara PicassoPontiac AztecOpel InsigniaOpel MerivaOpel OmegasedanOpel VauxhallOpel Zafira(MiniVan)Opel CorsaOpel AstraGL-ClassML-ClassE ClassM ClassR ClassS ClassPeugeotPartner308407807ExpertJumpyCoupeGhostSkodaOctaviaToyotaPreviaVWPassatCoupè/sedan/stationwagonPassat CCSharanPhaeton16