### mi llion standard cubic feet per day(mmscfd) - OR - or standard cubic feet per minute (scfm)
**tons CH 4** 

### /yr **tons CO 2**  

### /yr 0 0 **Equiv alent to any** 

**one of the follow ing annual benefits**  **:** Environmental Benefits Environmental Benefits Environmental Benefits



### Energy Benefits (based on project size entered) **:** • Heating __ homes: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • Annual greenhouse gas emissions from __

passenger vehicles: • Carbon sequestered annuallyby __ acres of pine or fir forests: • CO2 emissions from __ barrels of oil consumed: • CO2 emissions from __ gallons of gasoline consumed: • Annual greenhouse gas emissions from __ passenger vehicles: • Carbon sequestered annuallyby __ acres of pine or fir forests: • CO2 emissions from __ barrels of oil consumed: • CO2 emissions from __ gallons of gasoline consumed: [Total = Direct + Avoided] 

### For electricity

generation projects, enter megawatt (MW ) capacity : For direct-use projects, enter landfill gas utilized byproject:

tons of methane per y ear tons of carbon dioxide per year tons of methane per ye ar tons of carbon

dioxide per year 

### MMTCO **2** 

### E/yr **MMTCO 2**  

### E/yr **tons CO 2**  

### /yr 

# Emission Reductions and Environmental and Energy Benefits for Landfill Gas EnergyProjects

million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents per y ear 

### Direct Equivalent Emissions Reduced **Av oided Equivalent Emissions Reduced**  **Total Equivalent Emissions Reduced**

million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents per y ear million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents per y ear [Reduction of methane emitted directlyfrom the landfill] [Offset of carbon dioxide from avoiding the use of fossil fuels]

• CO2 emissions from __ gallons of gasoline consumed: 

### MMTCO **2** 

### E/yr
0.0000 **tons CH 4** 

### /yr
0

0 0 0 0



### For additional environmental benefit options, view the Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator on the EPA Clean Energywebsite. 0.0000 0 **Equiv alent to any** 

**one of the follow ing annual benefits**  **:**



### View Calculations and References **Equiv alent to any** 

**one of the follow ing annual benefits**  **:** 

### 0.0000
• Annual greenhouse gas emissions from __ passenger vehicles: • Carbon sequestered annuallyby __ acres of pine or fir forests: • CO2 emissions from __ barrels of oil consumed:



### LFGE Benefits Calculator http://www.epa.gov/lm op/projects-candidates/lfge-calculator.html Page 1 of 4 Last updated 12/1/10

### Factors Used in the Calculations:

Conversion Factors 8,760 hours/year 365 days/year 24 hours/day 60 minutes/hour 1E+03 kilowatts/megawatt 2,000 pounds/short ton 0.9072 metric tons/short ton 1E+06 metric tons/million metric tons 1E+06 standard cubic feet/million standard cubic feet Methane Conversions 0.0423 pounds methane/standard cubic foot methane 0.50 standard cubic feet methane/standard cubic foot landfill gas Heating Values and Heat Rates 1,012 Btu/standard cubic foot methane [Ref: Chemical Engineers’ Handbook . John H Perry , ed. McGraw-Hill Book Company : New York, 1963. Pg 9-9.] 

### 1,050 Btu/standard cubic foot natural gas [Ref: Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) . US EPA. Volume 1, Fifth Edition. Sept 1985. Appd A, Pg A-6.] 

### 11,700 Btu/kilowatt-hour (weighted average for engines, gas turbines, and boiler/steam turbines) Emission Factors 1.32 pounds carbon dioxide/kilowatt-hour (estimated average electric power plant emission rate for 2011) 0.12059 pounds carbon dioxide/standard cubic foot natural gas [Ref: Instructions for Long Form EIA-1605, Voluntary Reporting of GHGs . US DOE/EIA. May 2005. Appd B.] (PDF, 72 pp, 354K) 

### Capacity and Other Factors 0.93 gross capacity factor for generation units of electricity projects (to account for availability and operating load) 0.85 net capacity factor for generation units of electricity projects (to account for availability, operating load, and parasitic losses) 0.91 factor for power delivered to households for electricity projects (to account for transmission and distribution losses) 0.90 gross capacity factor for direct-use projects (to account for availability of landfill gas) Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) 21 GWP of methane 

## Calculations and References Return to T ool

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/appendix/appa.pdf (PDF, 32 pp, 104K)

ftp://ftp.eia.doe.gov/pub/oiaf/1605/cdrom/pdf/FormEIA-1605_2004_Instructions.pdf



### LFGE Benefits Calculator http://www.epa.gov/lmop/projects-candidates/lfge-calculator.html Page 2 of 4 Last updated 12/1/10

## Calculations and References Return to T ool

**Direct Equiv alent Emissions Reduced Calculations for Electricity Generation Projects:** 

**Av oided Equiv** **alent Emissions Reduced Calculations for Electricity Generation Projects:**

**Direct Equiv alent Emissions Reduced Calculations for Direct-Use Projects:** 

**Av oided Equiv** **alent Emissions Reduced Calculations for Direct-Use Projects:** MMT CO 2 

### E/yr = million standard cubic feet per day (mmscfd) of LFG utilized * 0.90 [gross capacity factor] * (365 days/year) * (1E+06 standard cubic feet/million standard cubic feet) * (0.5 standard cubic feet methane/standard cubic foot landfill gas) * (1,012 Btu/standard cubic foot methane) / (1,050 Btu/standard cubic foot natural gas) * (0.12059 pounds carbon dioxide/standard cubic foot natural gas) / (2,000 pounds/short ton) * (0.9072 metric tons/short ton) / (1E+06 metric tons/million metric tons) tons CO 2 

### /yr = MMT CO 2 

### E/yr * (1E+06 metric tons/million metric tons) / (0.9072 metric tons/short ton) MMT CO 2 

### E/yr = megawatts (MW) of generating capacity * 0.93 [gross capacity factor] * (8,760 hours/year) * (1,000 kilowatts/megawatt) * (11,700 Btu/kilowatt-hour) / (1,012 Btu/standard cubic foot methane) * (0.0423 pounds methane/standard cubic foot methane) / (2,000 pounds/short ton) * (0.9072 metric tons/short ton) / (1E+06 metric tons/million metric tons) * 21 [GWP of methane] tons CH 4 

### /yr = MMT CO 2 

### E/yr * (1E+06 metric tons/million metric tons) / (0.9072 metric tons/short ton) / 21 [GWP of methane]

tons CO 2 

### /yr = MMT CO 2 

### E/yr * (1E+06 metric tons/million metric tons) / (0.9072 metric tons/short ton)

tons CH 4 

### /yr = MMT CO 2 

### E/yr * (1E+06 metric tons/million metric tons) / (0.9072 metric tons/short ton) / 21 [GWP of methane] MMT CO 2 

### E/yr = megawatts (MW) of generating capacity * 0.85 [net capacity factor] * (8,760 hours/year) * (1,000 kilowatts/megawatt) * (1.32 pounds carbon dioxide/kilowatt-hour) / (2,000 pounds/short ton) * (0.9072 metric tons/short ton) / (1E+06 metric tons/million metric tons)

MMT CO 2 

### E/yr = million standard cubic feet per day (mmscfd) of LFG utilized * (365 days/year) * (1E+06 standard cubic feet/million standard cubic feet) * (0.5 standard cubic feet methane/standard cubic foot landfill gas) * (0.0423 pounds methane/standard cubic foot methane) / (2,000 pounds/short ton) * (0.9072 metric tons/short ton) / (1E+06 metric tons/million metric tons) * 21 [GWP of methane]

LFGE Benefits Calculator http://www.epa.gov/lmop/projects-candidates/lfge-calculator.html Page 3 of 4 Last updated 12/1/10

## Calculations and References Return to T ool

**Env ironmental and Energy Benefit Equiv** **alencies:** 5.23 metric tons carbon dioxide equivalent per vehicle per year 4.69 metric tons carbon dioxide per acre of pine or fir forests per year 191.5 metric tons carbon dioxide per railcar of coal 0.43 metric tons carbon dioxide per barrel of oil 0.00889 metric tons carbon dioxide per gallon of gasoline 11,476 kilowatt-hours per household (average annual electricity usage) 67,075 cubic feet of natural gas per household (average annual household heating usage; transmission and distribution losses considered negligible) References • For passenger vehicles: (1) Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2007 . Tables 3-12, 3-13, and 3-14. U.S. EPA, W ashington, DC. U.S. #430-R-09-004. (2) Highway Statistics 2007 . Office of Highway Policy Information, Federal Highway Administration. Table VM-1. • For acres of forest: (1) Nabuurs, G.J., and G.M.J. Mohren. 1995. Modelling analysis of potential carbon sequestration in selected forest types . Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25(7):1157-1172. (2) Shan, J.P., L.A. Morris, and R.L. Hendrick. 2001. The effects of management on soil and plant carbon sequestration in slash pine plantations . Journal of Applied Ecology 38(5):932-941. (3) 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories . Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme. Published: IGES, Japan. Volume 4. • For railcars of coal: (1) Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: Fast Facts 1990-2006. Conversion Factors to Energy Units (Heat Equivalents) Heat Contents and Carbon Content Coefficients of Various Fuel Types . U.S. EPA, W ashington, DC. #430-F-08-005. (2) Hancock, Kathleen and Sreekanth, Ande. Conversion of W eight of Freight to Number of Railcars . Transportation Research Board, Paper 01-2056, 2001. (3) 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories . Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva, Switzerland. • For barrels of oil: (1) Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: Fast Facts 1990-2005. Conversion Factors to Energy Units (Heat Equivalents) Heat Contents and Carbon Content Coefficients of Various Fuel Types . U.S. EPA, W ashington, DC. #430-R-07-002. (2) 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories . Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva, Switzerland. • For gallons of gasoline: (1) Emission Facts: Average Carbon Dioxide Emissions Resulting from Gasoline and Diesel Fuel . U.S. EPA #420-F-05-001. (2) 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories . Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva, Switzerland. • For households: 2005 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption and Expenditures Tables . US DOE/EIA. Tbls US2 & US3. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy information/statistics/2007/vm1.cfm

http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/downloads/2007GHGFastFacts.pdf (PDF, 2 pp, 216K). http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.htm

http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.htm Available at http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.htm

Available at http:/www.epa.gov/oms/climate/420f05001.htm http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.htm

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/recs/recs2005/c&e/detailed_tables2005c&e.html http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/downloads/2008_GHG_Fast_Facts.pdf (PDF, 2 pp, 430K). Environmental factors are from the Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator on the EPA Clean Energy website at http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy /energy-resources/calculator.html

http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/downloads09/Energy .pdf (PDF, 66 pp, 737K)



### LFGE Benefits Calculator http://www.epa.gov/lmop/projects-candidates/lfge-calculator.html Page 4 of 4 Last updated 12/1/10