# In the United States Court of Federal Claims

OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS

No. 17

- 172V Filed : August 26, 2019

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * RONALD STURDEVANT,

Petitioner

, v.

SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES,

Respondent. *

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* UNPUBLISHED

Decisio n on Interim Attorneys’ Fees and Costs

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

William Cochran, Jr. , Esq.

, Black McLaren, et al., PC, Memphis, TN , for petitioner. Robert Coleman, III

, Esq ., U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for respondent

.

DECISION ON INTERIM ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND COSTS 1

Roth , Special Master:

On February 6, 2017, petitioner filed a petition for compensation under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program 2 alleging that he received an influenza (“flu”) vaccine on November 3, 2015 , and thereafter developed Bell’s palsy

. Petition (“Pet.”), ECF No. 1

. Petitioner

now request s an award of interim attorneys’ fees and costs.

1 Although this Decision has been formally designated “ un published,” it will nevertheless be posted on the Court of Federal Claims’s website, in accordance with the E

- Government Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107

- 347, 116 Stat. 2899, 2913 (codified as amended at 44 U.S.C. § 3501 note (2006)). This means the Decision will be available to anyone with a ccess to the internet. However, the parties may object to the Decision’s inclusion of certain kinds of confidential information. Specifically, under Vaccine Rule 18(b), each party has fourteen days within which to request redaction “of any information furn ished by that party: (1) that is a trade secret or commercial or financial in substance and is privileged or confidential; or (2) that includes medical files or similar files, the disclosure of which would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of priva cy.” Vaccine Rule 18(b). Otherwise, the whole Decision will be available to the public. Id

.

2 National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99

- 660, 100 Stat. 3755. Hereinafter, for ease of citation, all “§” references to the Vaccine Act will be to the pertinent subparagraph of 42 U.S.C. § 300aa (2012).2 I. Procedural History

The petition was filed on February 6, 2017. ECF No. 1. This matter was assigned to me on February 7, 2017. See ECF No. 4. Petitioner filed supporting documentation, including medical records and an affidavit, and a Statement of Completion on February 9, 2017. Petitioner’s Exhibits (“Pet. Ex.”) 1

- 5, ECF Nos. 7

- 8. Petitioner filed additional medical records through September of 2017. Pet. Ex. 6

- 26, ECF Nos. 12

- 15.

Respondent f

iled his Rule 4(c) Report, recommending against compensation, on September 7, 2017. Respondent’s Report, ECF No. 16.

Petitioner filed several expert reports from Dr. Eric Gershwin

. See Pet. Ex. 6 , ECF No. 12 ; Pet. Ex. 27 , ECF No. 25 ; Pet. Ex. 30 , ECF No. 27; Pet. Ex. 37, ECF No. 33 . Respondent filed expert reports from Dr. Vinay Chaudhry and Dr. Neil Romberg

. See Respondent’s Exhibit (“Resp. Ex.”) A, ECF No. 22 ; Resp. Ex. S , ECF No. 29.

The parties agreed to proceed to entitlement hearing. The Prehearing Order was issued on June 10, 2018 , scheduling an entitlement hearing for July 13 and 14, 202 1

. ECF No. 39

.

On May 20, 2019

, petitioner filed the instant M otion f or Interim Attorneys’ Fees and C osts. Motion for Interim Fees, ECF No. 36

. Petitioner reques t ed attorneys’ fees in the amount of $ 31,367.00

, and costs in the amount of $ 13,704.95

, for a total amount of $ 45,071.95

. Motion for Interim Fees at 12.

On June 3, 2019 , respondent filed a response to petitioner ’ s Motion for Interim Fees. Response, ECF No. 37

. Respondent deferred “to the Special Master to determine whether or not petitioner has met the legal standard for an interim fees and costs award” but was otherwise “satisfied that the statutory requirements for an award of attorney’s fees and costs are met in this case.” Id . at 2. Respondent provided no specific objection to the amount requested or hours worked, but instead, “respe ctfully recommend[ed] that the S pecial Master exercise her discretion and determine a reasonable award for attorneys’ fees and costs.” Id

. at 3. Petitioner did not file a reply.

This matter is now ripe for decision.

I I

. Legal Framework

The Vaccine Act permits an award of “reasonable attor neys’ fees” and “other costs.” § 15(e)(1). If a petitioner succeeds on the merits of his or her claim, he or she is entitled to an award of reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs

. Id. ; see Sebelius v. Cloer

, 133 S. Ct. 1886, 1891 (2013). However, a petitione r need not prevail on entitlement to receive a fee award as long as the petition was brought in “good faith” and there was a “reasonable ba sis” for the claim to proceed. § 15(e)(1).

The Federal Circuit has endorsed the use of the lodestar approach to dete rmine what constitutes “ reasonable attorneys’ fees ” and “other costs ” un der the Vaccine Act. Avera v. Sec’y3

of Health & Human Servs. , 515 F.3d 1343, 1349 (Fed. Cir. 2008)

. Under this approach, “an initial estimate of a reasonable attorneys’ fee ” is calculated by “ multiplying the number of hours reasonably expended on the litigation ti mes a reasonable hourly rate.” Id . at 1347

- 48 (quoting Blum v. Stenson , 465 U.S. 886, 888 (1984)). That product is then adjusted upward or downward bas ed on other specific findings. Id

.
Special m asters have substantial discretion in awarding fees and may adjust a fee request sua sponte , apart from objections raised by respondent and without providing petitioners with noti ce and opportunity to respond. Sabella v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs. , 86 Fed. Cl. 201, 209 (2009). Special m asters need not engage in a line

- by

- line analysis of petitioner’s fee

a pplication when reducing fees. Broekelschen v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs. , 102 Fed. Cl. 719, 729 (2011).

I I I. Discussion

A. Interim Fees

Special masters have discretion to award interim fees while the litigation is ongoing if “the cost of litigation has imposed an undue hardship” and there is “a good faith basis for the claim.” Shaw v. Sec’y of Health & Human S ervs ., 609 F. 3d 1372, 1375 (Fed. Cir. 2010); see Avera , 515 F. 3d at 1352. The court in Avera held that interim fees may be awarded “in appropriate circumstances.” Id

. at 1351. The court then listed some circumstances

— cases involving “protracted” proceedings and “costly experts”

— in which it would be “particularly appropriate” to award interim fees. Id . at 1352. But “the Federal Circuit in Avera . . . did not enunciate t he universe of litigation circumstances which would warrant an award of interim attorney’s fees,” Woods v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs ., 105 Fed. Cl. 148, 154 (2012), and “special masters [retain] broad discretion in det ermining whether to award” them, A l

- Uffi ex rel. R.B. v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs ., No. 13

- 956V, 2015 WL 6181669, at *5 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 30, 2015). In making this determination, “the special master may consider any of the unique facts of a case.” Rehn v. Sec’y of Health & H

uman Servs ., 126 Fed. Cl. 86, 94 (2016).

This matter has been pending for two years . An entitlement hearing is scheduled for July of 202 1 , after which a decision must be written. Therefore, an award of interim fees and costs is appropriate so that counsel is not unduly financially burdened during protracted litigation.

B. Reasonable Hourly Rate

A “reasonable hourly rate” is defined as the rate “ prevailing in the community for similar services by lawyers of reasonably comparable sk il l, experience and reputation.” Avera , 515 F.3d at 13 48 (quoting Blum , 465 U.S. at 896 n.11). In general, this rate is based on “the forum rate for the District of Columbia” rather than “the rate in the geographic area of the pract ice of petitioner’s attorney.” Rodriguez v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs. , 632 F.3d 1381, 1384 (Fed. Cir. 2011) (citing Avera , 515 F. 3d at 1349). There is a “limited except ion” that provides for attorney s ’ fees to be awarded at local hourly rates when “t he bulk of the attorney’s work is done outside the forum jurisdiction” and “there is a very significant difference” between the local hou rly rate and forum hourly rate. Id

. This is known as the Davis County exception. Hall v. Sec’y of Health & Human4

Servs. , 640 F.3d 1351, 1353 (2011) (citing Davis Cty. Solid Waste Mgmt. & Energy Recovery Special Serv. Dist. v. U.S. EPA , 169 F.3d 755, 758 (D.C. Cir. 1999)).

For cases in which forum rates apply, McCulloch provides the framework for determining the appropriat e hourly rate range for attorneys’ fees based u pon the attorneys’ experience. McCulloch v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs. , No. 09

- 293V, 2015 WL 5634323 (Fed. C l. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 1, 2015). The Office of Special Masters has accepted the decision in McCullo ch and has issued a Fee Schedule for subsequent years. 3

Mr. Cochran and the attorneys at his firm practice in Memphis, Tennessee , and they have previously been awarded forum rates. See, e.g, Teter on Behalf of S.T. v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs. , No. 19

- 1801V, 2019 WL 2406958 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. May 17, 2019).

Petitioner requested the following rates of compensation for the work of his attorneys in this matter: for Mr. William Cochran: $ 355. 00 for work performed in 2016, $ 365.00 for work performed in 2017, $ 377.00 for work performed in 2018, and $ 391.00 for work performed in 2019 ; for Mr. Michael McLaren : $425.00 for work performed in 2016, $440.00 for work performed in 2017, $456.00 for work performed in 2018, $473.00 for work performed in 2019; and for Mr. Chris Webb : $305.00 for work performed in 2016, $315.00 for work performed in 2017, $326.00 for work performed in 2018, and $338.00 for work performed in 2019. Motion for Interim Fees at 1 1

. Petitioner requested the following hourly rates of compensation for the work of his attorneys’ support staff in this matter: for law clerks, $145.00 for work performed in 2016, $148.00 for work performed in 2017, $150.00 for work performed in 2018, and $156 for work performed in 2019; and for paralegals, $140 for work performed in 2016, $145 for work performed in 2017, $150 for work performed in 2018, and $155 for work performed in 2019. Id.

The rates requested for Mr. Cochran

, Mr. Webb , and the firm’s law clerks and paralegals are reasonable and consistent with previous award amounts so no reductions are necessary

. See,
e.g., Teter

, 2019 WL 2406958, at * 2

. However, Mr. McLaren’s rates for 2018 and 2019 must be reduced as they exceed the maximum award p rescribed by the OSM Attorneys’ Forum Hourly Rate Fee Schedules for 2018 and 2019. Accordingly, per the Fee Schedule, Mr. McLaren will be awarded an hourly rate of $455.00 for work performed in 2018 and $464.00 for work performed in 2019. The billing recor ds indicated Mr. McLaren performed 2.4 hours of work in 2018 and .80 hours of work in 2019. Therefore, the request for fees shall be reduced by $7.20 for 2018 and $2.40 for 2019, for a total reduction of $9.60

.

3 The fee schedule s are posted on the C ourt’s website. See Office of Special Masters

, Attorneys’ Forum Hourly Rate Fee Schedule: 2015

- 2016

, http://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/Attorneys

- Forum

- Rate

- Fee

- Schedule2015

- 2016.pdf (last visited July 29, 2019 ) ; Office of Special Maste rs, Attorneys’ Forum Hou rly Rate Fee Schedule: 2017

, http://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/At torneys

- Forum

- Rate

- Fee

- Schedule2017 .pdf (last visited July 29, 2019 ) ; Office of Special Masters

, Attorneys’ Forum Hourly Rate Fee Schedule: 201 8

, http://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/Attorneys%27%20Forum%20Rate%20Fee%20Schedule %202018.pdf (last visited July 29, 2019 ); Office of Special Masters

, Attorneys’ Forum Hourly Rate Fee Schedule: 201 9

, http://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov/sites/default /files/Attorneys%27%20Forum%20Rate%20Fee%20Schedule %202019.pdf (last visited July 29, 2019 )

.5

B. Hours Reasonably Expended

Attorneys’ fees are awarded for the “number of ho urs reasonabl y expended on the litigation.” Avera , 515 F.3d at 1348. Counsel should not include in their fee requests hours that are “excessive, redundant, or otherwise unnecess ary.” Saxton ex rel. Saxton v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs. , 3 F.3d 1517, 152 1 (Fed. Cir. 1993) (quoting Hensley v. Eckerhart , 461 U.S. 424, 434 (1983)). “Unreasonably duplicative or excessive billing” include s “an attorney billing for a single task on multiple occasions, multiple attorneys billing for a single task, attorneys bill ing excessively for intra office communications, attorneys billing excessive hours, [and] attorneys enteri ng erroneous billing entries.” Raymo v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs.

, 129 Fed. Cl. 691, 703 (2016). While attorneys may be compensated for non

- attor ney

- level work, the rate must be comparable to what would be paid for a paralegal. O’Neill v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs. , No. 08

- 243V, 2015 WL 2399211, at *9 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Apr. 28, 2015)

. Clerical and secretarial tasks should not be billed at all, re gardless of who performs them. McCulloch , 2015 WL 5634323, at *26. Hours spent traveling are ordinarily compensated at one

- half of the normal hourly attorney
rate. See Scott v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs. , No. 08

- 756V, 2014 WL 2885684, at *3 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. June 5, 2014) (collecting cases). And “it is inappropriate for counsel to bill time for educating themselves about basic as pects of the Vaccine Program.” Matthews v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs. , No 14

- 1111V, 2016 WL 2853910, at *2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. M str . Apr. 18, 2016). Ulti mately, it is “well within the Special M aster’s discretion to reduce the hours to a number that, in [her] experience and judgment, [is] reasonable for the work done.” Saxton , 3 F.3d at 1522. In

exerc ising tha t discretion, special m asters may reduce the number of hours submitted by a
per centage of the amount charged. See Broekelschen , 102 Fed. Cl. at 728

- 29 (affirming the Special M aster’s reduction of attorney and paralegal hours); Guy v. Sec’y of Health & Huma n Servs ., 38 Fed. Cl. 403, 406 (1997) (same).

Upon review of petitioner’s application, I f ind that a small reduction must be made to law clerk hours billed. Law clerks routinely billed for administrative/clerical tasks such as scanning and preparing documents and calendaring events

. See generally Motion for Interim Fees, Ex. 2 at 1

- 17 (e.g. entries on November 26, 2016 and May 9, 2017 as examples). Because such administ rative/clerical tasks are not compensable, the total time billed by law clerks will be reduced by 5%. See McCulloch , 2015 WL 5634323, at *26. The billing records indicate law clerks billed 36.7 hours for a total of $5,494.30. Id. at 18. According ly , this r esults in a reduction of $274.72.

Therefore, petitioner shall be awarded $31,082.68 in attorneys’ fees, which represents a reduction of $9.70 for Mr. McLaren’s adjusted hourly rate and a reduction of $274.72 for unaccepted law clerk billing.

C

. Reasonable Costs

Petitioner request ed a total of $ 13,704.95 in attorneys’ costs. Motion for Interim Fees, Ex. 2 at 18

- 44

. The requested costs consist of $ 11,812.50 in expert fees to Dr. Gershwin

, $ 55.81 in costs associated with obtaining medical records , the $400.00 filing fee, $1,013.27 in travel costs, $ 91.20 in mailing and shipping costs , and $ 332.17 in photocopying, telephone, and research costs

.6

See i d

. Petitioner did not provide sufficient documentation for $ 35.37 in shipping and mailing costs

or $ 332.17 in photocopying, telephone, and research costs

. Petitioner may request reimbursement for these costs in his final fees and costs motion so long as he provides proper docu mentation. Otherwise, petitioner’s requested costs appear to be reasonable. Accordingly, petitioner’s costs are reduced by $ 367.54 . Thus, petitioner is awarded $ 13,337.41 in interim attorneys’ costs

.

I V . Total Award Summary

Based on the foregoing, the undersigned awards the total of $ 44,420.09

, 4 representing reimbursement for attorneys’ fees in the amount of $ 31,082.68 and costs in the amount of $ 13,337.41

, in the form of a check made payable jointly to petitioners and petitioners’ counsel

, William Cochrane, Jr.

, Esq. The Clerk of the Court is directed to enter judgment i n accordance with this Decision

. 5

IT IS SO ORDERED.

s/ Mindy Michaels Roth Mindy Michaels Roth Special Master

4 This amount is intended to cover all legal expenses incurred in this matter but for t hose specifically mentioned above . This award encompasses all charges by the attorney against a client, “advanced cost s” as well as fees for legal services rendered. Furthermore, § 15(e)(3) prevents an attorney from charging or collecting fees (including costs) that would be in addition to the amount awarded herein. See generally Beck v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs

. , 924 F.2d 1029 (Fed. Cir. 1991).

5 Pursuant to Vaccine Rule 11(a), entry of judgment can be expedited by each party filing a notice renouncing the right to seek review.