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ADocke t No . C P 0 9 E

A001 0 

### fviAR Ywoorre N * REPL YT O COMPLAINANT' S MEMORANDU M O F LA W Th e Court aske d counse l t o provid e memorand a o fla wo n th e definitio n o f "assault " a s use d i n 4 9 USC 463i8<a ) wit h specifi cattentio n t o th e elemen t o f intent . Responden t file d a Memorandu m o n approximatel yNovembe r23 , 2010 . O n Decembe r17 , 201 0 Complainan t file d a iviemorandum , receive d byResponden t o n Decembe r20 . Herei n Responden t replie s t o Complainant' s Memorandum . Th e Complainant' s Memorandu m addresse s tv»^ o issue s bu t no t th e issu e requeste d byth e Court , Th e Complainant' s Memorandu m addresses , one , whethe r th e allegatio n o f"assauH:' ' include s "battery " a s wel l and , two , whethe rsciente ri s a require d eierr^nttha t mus t b e prove n byth e complainant , an d specificall ywhethe r th e responden t ha d t o kno wi fth e perso n assaulte d wa s a federa l office rt o mak e ou t a violatio n o f1 4 CF R 91.11 . Bot h o fthes e tw o issue s ar e of fth e poin t an d no t responsiv e t o th e Court' s query . A s t o th e elemen t o fbattery , th e Responden t ha s neve rraise d thi s defens e an d accept s tha t a s a matte ro ffedera l commo n la w(a s wel l a s th e commo n la wo f Marylan d an d th e la wo fmos t i fno t al t states) , whe n on e i s charge d wit h "assault, " tha t include s th e allegatio n o fbatterya s well . Tha t formalit yo fpleadin g vanishe d lon g ago .04/21/201 1 17:1 1 FA X202493514 2 FA A- DM S 121003/00 8 From : Rob*r(W«ldmo n F« : (886 ) SOl-361 3 To:+120249351.< 2 Fix ; +1202<183S1'1 2 Pag o 3 o f8 W-i/JO n 5:i »

A s t o th e issu e o fscienter , th e Responden t ha s no t raise d thi s issu e either . Th e Complainant' s Mem o addresse s th e issu e whethe ra passenge rcoul d b e foun d t o hav e violate d §91.1 1 whe n th e passenge rclaime d no t t o hav e know n th e recipien t o fth e assaul t wa s a crewmenriber . Responden t ha s neve rraise d thi s defense , eithe ri n extensiv e correspondenc e wit h th e agenc yno rwit h th e Cour t i n th e pretria l conference . Furthermore , th e Complainan t cite s t o regulator yla wa s foun d b yth e Administrato ro fth e agenc ywhe n her e th e charg e i s federa l statutor ylaw . 4 9 US C §46318(3) . Complainan t stand s o n th e foundatio n a s state d i n he rinitia l Memorandum . I n he rMemorandu m sh e answere d th e query . Wha t i s th e inten t require d t o fin d a violatio n o f§46318{a ) alleginga n assault ? Th e answe ri s tha t a wilfu l attemp t t o inflic t injur yi s required. ^ Mer e accidenta l touching ^ is not a "willfu l attemp t t o inflic t injury, " No ri s careles s behavior . No ris willfull yreckles s conduct . Ther e mustb e a wi'tfu l intent . An d tha t Inten t mus t includ e th e inten t t o inflic t injury .

Respectfull ysubmitted , Robert a Waidman . Esq . 11 3 Ridgel yAve . Annapolis . M d 2140 1 410-268-505 0 Attorne yfo rResponden t

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U.S . Departmen t o fTransportatio n Federa l Aviatio n Administratio n

OFFIC E O F HEARING S WASHINGTON , D.C . I N TH E MATTE R Of : * * FA

ADocke t No . C P 0 9 E

A001 0 MARYWOOTTE N * * ..oOo. . MEIVIORANDU M O F LA W Th e Court aske d counse l t o provid e memorand a o fiav vo n th e definitio n o f "assault " a s use d i n 4 9 US C 46318(a ) vvit h specifi cattentio n t o th e elemen t o f intent . Responden t Mar yWootte n fiie s th e foilowin g i n suppor t Th e te;^ t o f4 9 USC § 46318(a ) provides : a ) Genera l ruIe.--A n individua l wh o physicall yassault s orthreatenst o physicall yassaul t a membero fth e fligh t c^ewo rcabi n cre wo fa civi l aircraf t o ran yothe rindividua l o n th e aircraft , ortake s an yactio n tha t pose s a n imminen t threa t t o th e safetyo fth e aircraf t o rothe r individual s o n th e aircraf t i s liabl e t o th e Unite d State s Governmen t fo r a civi l penalt yo fno t mor e tha n $25,000 . Th e onl ycite d referenc e t o §4631 8 i s Tahaira . 201 0 W L987740 , * 2 (D.O.T.) . I n Tahaira, Judg e Goodwi n stated :

Th e ter m "assault " i s no t define d i n sectio n 46318 . I t i s well-settled , however , tha t whe n a statut e use s a common-la wter m suc h a s "assault " withou t definin g it , th e Lerm mus t b e take n t o mea n th e sam e thin g I t mean s a t commo n law . US . v . Turiey . 35 2 U.S . 407 . 41 1 (1957) . Th e common-la wdefinitio n o f''assault " include s tw o distinc t concepts . Th e firs t i s a n attemp t t o commi t a battery . Th e secon d consist s o f" a threa t t o infiic t injur yupo n th e perso n o fanothe rwhich , whe n couple d wit h a n apparen t presen t ability , cause s a reasonabl e apprehensio n o fimmediat e bodil yharm. " U.S . v . Dupree . 54 4 F.2 d 1050 . 105 1 ( 9 Cir . 1976) .04/21/201 1 1 7 1 2 FAX202493514 2 FA A^ D« S @007/00 ( Pro m Aob«r[\A«|dnn n FSK : rSSe i SOI-set a To:+1202493514 2 fkx . +1202A»E14 3 PIQ A7 o rB 3/2^/20115:1 3 (d . atl6 , •

* I n U.S . V . Dupre e 54 4 F.2 d 105 0 (9" ^ Cir . 1976 ) th e Nint h Circui t briefl ynote d th e historyo fcommo n la wassauf t an d the n define d th e element s o fth e federa l commo n la wo fassault .

Assaul t ha d tw o meanfng s a t commo n law . Acrimina l assaul t wa s a n attemp t t o commi t a battery . 1W . Hawkins , Plea s o fth e Crow n 11 0 {St h ed . 1824) ; R. Perkins , Crimina l La w11 4 (2 d ed . 1969) . Atortiou s assaul t wa s a n ac t whic h pu t anothe ri n reasonabl e apprehensio n o f immediat e bodil yharm . R . Perkins , id . a t 114 . Bot h concept s o fassaul t hav e t>ecom e recognize d a s crimina l assaults , R. Perkins , supr a a t 116-17 ; W . LaFav e & A . Scott , Crimina l Law . s 8 2 (1972) , an d ar e include d unde rth e federa l definitio n o f assault . Se e Unite d State s v . Bell , supra ; Unite d State s v , Rizio , 40 9 F.2 d 40 0 (7t h Cir.) , cert , denied . 39 6 U.S , 911 , 9 0 S.Ct . 226 . 2 4 L.Ed.2 d 18 7 (1969) . Thu s a n assaul t i s committe d byeithe ra willfu l attemp t t o inflic t injuryupo n th e perso n o fanother , o rbya threa t t o inflic t injuryupo n th e perso n o fanothe rwhich , whe n couple d wit h a n apparen t presen t ability , cause s a reasonabl e apprehensio n o f immediat e bodil yharm . Se e Unite d State s v . Ball , supra ; Unite d State s V . Rizzo , supra ; Brundag e v . Unite d States . 36 5 F.2 d 61 6 (10t h Cir . 1966) ; Shaffe rv . Unite d States , 30 8 F.2 d 65 4 (St h Cir , 1962) , cert , denied , 37 3 U.S . 939 , 8 3 S.a . 1544 , 1 0 L.Ed.2 d 69 4 (1963) ; Pric e v . Unite d States , 15 6 F . 95 0 (9l h Cir . 1907) . id . a t 1051-1052 . Mer e accidenta l touchin g i s no t a "willfu l attemp t t o inflic t injury. " No ri s careles s behavior . No ri s willfull yreckles s conduct , Ther e mus t b e a willfu l intent . An d tha t inten t mus t includ e th e inten t t o inflic t injury .

' Counse l request s leav e o fth e Court t o not e tha t th e behavio ri n Tahair a include d repeate d negativ e interaction s wit h th e responden t absolut e refusalst o tak e a sea t durin g descent , constan t clearin g he rfro m th e exi t row , an d tw o clea r willfu l assaults , byon e o fwhic h th e attendan t almos t fel l t o th e groun d an d di d i n fac t sustai n injuries . Th e judg e characterize d he rbehavio ra s "belligeren t an d defiant. " Th e penall ywa s $6,000 .04/21/201 1 17:1 2 FAX202493514 2 FAA- DMS ©008/00 8 From : Robert Waldma n FM : (699 ) 501-3S1 3 To:+1202493514 2 F« : +1202A8351 « Paj e 9 o r9 3/2^/20115:1 3 Judg e Goodwi n note d tha t th e FA Aha s define d "assault " differently . Th e Administrato rals o ha s state d tha t a n assaul t i s a n unwante d touching . Howar d Gotbetter , FA AOrde rNo . 2000-1 7 (Augus t 11 , 2000) , p . 11 . Th e agenc yals o ha s define d "assault " a s a "harnnfu i o r offensiv e intentiona l contact. " Tahair a a t 16 . Judg e Goodwi n di d not , however , bas e hi s decisio n o n thes e tw o formulations . Rather , h e grounde d hi s decisio n i n th e element s state d i n Dupree . (jDunse l note s tha t th e FA Ama yhav e th e authorit yt o defin e th e element s o f regulatoryviolation s bu t i t doe s no t hav e th e authorit yt o overrul e o circui t cour t o f appeal . Whe n th e FA

Adecide s t o alleg e a violatio n ofstatutorylaw , i t mus t abid e b y th e decision s o fth e court s an d no t th e pronouncement s o fth e agency . Respectfull ysubmitted , Robert H . Waldman , Esq . 11 3 Ridgel yAve . Annapolis , M d 2140 1 410-268-505 0 Attorne yfo rResponden t

I htjreb ycertif ytha t o n thi s da yo t , 201 0 , I rnailft d b yfirs t cla5i > mai l a cop yo fth e foregoin g to : Judg e Ronni e AYodcr . Chic rAdministraiiv o Lo wJudg e u s Depnrtmon To fTransportatio n Offic e o fHearing s M-2 0 Roo m E 12-32 0 .120 0 Ne wJerse yAvo. . S C Washington , O C 2059 0 Chri<;tla n L . Lewsren ? federa l Avlarltr m AdrnmstrnTlo n Offic e o fActin g Regiona l CounsG l 1 Aviatio n Plaz a Jamsica , NY1143 4 Robi^r t H . W?jldrTin n