UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHIN G TO N , D .C

. 20460 

## DEC 05 2011

MEMORANDUM OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION



### SUBJECT: FROM: BEAD Chemical Profile for Registration Review: Bromacil (01230 I) Sunil Ratnayake , Biologist 

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# n Biological Analysis Branch**~** 

## "'YI**~** Jihad Alsadek, Economist 

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THRU: Science Infonnation and Analy s is Branch Michelle Ranville, Economist**lf1W~** Economic Analysis Branch Biological and Economic Analysis Division (7503P) Arnet Jones, Chief /} 

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# ~ Biological Analysis

## Branc~rU 

## 1« Diann Sims, Chief

## L~**~** Science Infonnation 

## and Analy s is Branch Timothy Kiely, Chief 

# C'L**~ ~**  Economic Analysis Branch

## ~ 

# T (\ Biological and Economic 

### Analy sls Division (7563P) 

### TO: Christina Scheltema, Chemical Review Manager Risk Management and Implementation Branch 3 Pesticide Reevaluation Division (7508P)


### Product Review Panel date : Nov
. 16,2011 INTRODUCTION The purpose ofthis document is to convey usage information and a broad overview of the pest management roles of pesticides that are beginning to undergo registration review
. The anticipated audience consists of the team of EPA staff currently evaluating the registration status ofBromacil , and eventually the general pUblic. This document builds upon the data already provided in the "Usage and Label Use Data Packages" that are also provided to RegistrationReview teams by BEAD. The document is base d on information and data available to BEAD as of November 14 , 2011. 8romaciI was first regi stered in the U.S. in 19 9 1 (EPA , 2011). It is a general use pesticide and belongs to the uracils group of herbicides. The mode of action of this herbicide group is inhibition of photo synthe s is. It is a non- s elective broad spectrum herbicide used fo r control of annual and perennial broad l eaf and grass weeds in agricultural and non-agric ultural land s . Major agricultural use site s include pineapple and citrus plantations. No n-agricultural sites include , rights-of-way, railroads , unculti vated agricultural lands , and other non agricultural sites de scri bed below. USE SITES Agricultural Use Sites Bromacil is registered for use as a soil treatment on citrus and for po st-harvest application on pineapples. There are also labeled preemergence and post- plant uses on pineapple fields. N

on-Agricultural Use Sites Bromacil is regi stered for use on ornamentals, fores try , range land, uncultivated agricultural areas , commercial, indu strial and in stitutional maintenance, refu s e storage areas, and rights -ofway for weed and bru sh control and as a total vegetation management tooL COMMON FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION METHODS Bromacil is available as wettable powder, water di spersi ble granules, pressurized liquid , as pellets and tablet s, and in so luble and emulsifiable formulation s. USAGE Agricultural 8romacil was first registered in the United States for use as an herbicide in an end-use product in 1991. From 2006-2010, the annual total agricultural us age of bromacil averaged approximately 370,000 pound s active ingredi e nt for 260,000 treated acre s for an overall aver age rate of 1.4 lb s . a.i./acre. During thi s time frame , the crops with the most use in term s of total pounds of active ingredient applied are oranges (86%), grapefruit (10%) , and lemons (4% ). The crops with most total area treated (TAT) are oranges (85%), grapefruit (11 %), and lemon s ( 3%). BEAD does not have data on pesticide us e on pin eapple. On average, the state s with the most agricultural usage in terms of pound s a.i. appli ed are Florida (74 %) and C alifornia (21 %) (Proprietary Data, 20 06- 2010). BEA D doe s not have data on pesticide u se in Hawaii. US E TRENDS Figure I provides u sage data for 2006-2010. During this period , the use ofbromacil on grapefruit and oranges fluctuat ed , and was stable on lemons
.


### 2Figure \. Bromacil Agricultural Recent Us a ge Data (2006-2010) 450,000

Pounds A.I.



### o 2006 2007 2008 2009 Years
Source: Proprietary Data, 2006 · 2010 Other crops include pastureland (0.2%) , and fallow (0 .1 %). 201,0 • G rapefruit
• Lemo ns • Oranges

_ Other

Figure 2 provides usage trends, in terms of pounds app lied , for the largest agricu ltural markets for bromaci l. The use of bromaci l on grapefrui t and oranges declined during 

### J 99 8-201 O. The use on lemons was relatively stable. There was minimal use on other crops. Other crops incl ude avocados. Figure 2. Bromacil Agricultural Long Term Usage Data (1998-2010) 1,200,000

PoundsA .I. • Gra pefruit

_ l emons • Oranges 

# I L 

# .I J • Other 0 

# • l I 

# • L 1998 1999 2000 200 1 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Years

Source: Proprietary Data, 1998-2010 Other crops include avocados (0,1 %) , pasture land (0.05%), and fallow (0
. 01%)
.



### 3Non-Agricultural The use ofbromacil in nurseries and greenhouse was less than 500 tbs. a.i. in 2004. In 2006, use on turf farms was less than 500 lbs. a.i. and approximately 4,000 Ibs. a.i. on home landscaping. (Kline and Company, Inc., 2002-2006) BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS RELEVANT TO BROMACIL Bromacil belongs to the herbicide family of uracils and the mode of action of this group is inhibition of photosynthesis. Bromacil is applied as broadcast treatments or band treatments and to be effective, soil moisture is necessary to move the herbicide in to root zone of weeds. When applied as broadcast treatments , contact of spra y drift or mist on foliage or fruits should be avoided to minimize the crop damage. Presence of weeds resistant to the mode of action of uracils has been reported in the United States (Heap et aI., 2011). The control of weed species resistance to bromacil can be achieved by tank mixing compatible registered herbicides with a different mode of action to bromacil. The decline of usage of bromacil from 1998 to 20 I0 may be due to the introduction of other non selective broad spectrum herbicides into the market that can be used as alternatives for bromacil. HISTORY OF BEAD ASSESSMENTS FOR BROMACIL BEAD searched for Section 18 emergency exemption requests and BEAD analyses which might highlight important benefits of bromacil. There have been no Section 18 requests from bromacil, and BEAD has not conducted any other assessments for this chemical. INFORMAnON THAT MAY BE USEFUL FOR BEAD'S FUTURE WORK ON BROMACIL Obtaining additional information on the following items would improve future BEAD assessments of the importance ofbromacil and may be required as part of the registration review of this pesticide. • Usage data (i.e. , totallbs applied, application rates , application methods , etc.) for pineapples • Usage data (i.e., totallbs applied, application rates, application methods, etc.) on nonagricultural use sites REFERENCES Heap, 

### I., H. Glick, 

### 1. Glasglow, and W. Vencil l. 2011. Herbicide Resistant Weed s by Country and Site of Action. Http ://www.weedscience.org/summarv/countrysummary.asp . Accessed 14 November 2011. Kline and Company, Inc., 2002-2006 Proprietary Data, 1998-2010 R.E.D. Facts. Bromacil. EPA , 1996. Accessed on Nov. 14 , 2011.



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