II 

112TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 1252 

To promote the economic self-sufficiency of low-income women through their 

increased participation in high-wage, high-demand occupations where they 

currently represent 25 percent or less of the workforce. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

JUNE 22, 2011 

Ms. MIKULSKI (for herself and Mrs. GILLIBRAND) introduced the following 

bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions 

A BILL 

To promote the economic self-sufficiency of low-income 

women through their increased participation in highwage, high-demand occupations where they currently represent 25 percent or less of the workforce. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Women and Workforce 

5 Investment for Nontraditional Jobs’’ or ‘‘Women WIN 

6 Jobs’’. 

7 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

8 Congress finds the following: 


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1 (1) According to the Council of Economic Advi2 sors, ‘‘occupations requiring higher educational at3 tainment are projected to grow much faster than 

4 those with lower education requirements between 

5 2006 and 2016, with the fastest growth among occu6 pations that require an associate’s degree or a post7 secondary vocational award.’’ Some of the occupa8 tions cited in the report include electricians, plumb9 ers, aircraft mechanics and service technicians, elec10 trical power line installers and repairers, and envi11 ronmental engineering technicians, all of which are 

12 nontraditional occupations for women, as defined 

13 under the Carl T. Perkins Career and Technical 

14 Education Act of 2006. 

15 (2) Only 6.2 percent of employed women 

16 worked in nontraditional occupations in 2008. 

17 (3) More than one-half of all working women 

18 are clustered in 25 of 504 job categories tracked by 

19 the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Excluding teachers 

20 and nurses, most of these categories are among the 

21 lowest-paid occupations. In general, women working 

22 in nontraditional fields earn 20 to 30 percent more 

23 than women in traditionally female fields. 

24 (4) The National Association of Manufacturers 

25 estimates a need for 10 million new workers by 2020 


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1 due to the aging of the current workforce. Moreover, 

2 90 percent of manufacturers are experiencing a 

3 shortage of qualified employees including machinists, 

4 operators, craft workers, distributors, and techni5 cians. Women hold only 4.7 percent of welding, sol6 dering, and brazing jobs. 

7 (5) Women make up 75.5 percent of cashiers, 

8 whose hourly wage averages $9.08, but only 3.3 per9 cent of electrical power-line installers and repairers, 

10 who earn an average hourly wage of $26.11, and 

11 only 3 percent of telecommunications line installers 

12 and repairers, who earn an average hourly wage of 

13 $22.75. 

14 (6) Women comprise 73.2 percent of wait staff, 

15 whose hourly wage averages $9.41, but only 2 per16 cent of HVAC mechanics and installers, who make 

17 an average hourly wage of $20.31. 

18 (7) Women make up 95.6 percent of child care 

19 workers, whose hourly wage averages $9.79, but only 

20 1 percent of electricians, who make an average hour21 ly wage of $23.98. 

22 (8) Women comprise 93.6 percent of reception23 ists and information clerks, whose hourly wage aver24 ages $12.21, but only 4.9 percent of surveying and 


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1 mapping technicians who make an average hourly 

2 wage of $18.03. 

3 (9) Women make up 84.4 percent of office 

4 clerks, whose hourly wage averages $12.20, but only 

5 10.5 percent of computer, ATM and office machine 

6 repairers, who make an average hourly wage of 

7 $18.95, and only 13 percent of avionics technicians, 

8 who earn an average hourly wage of $23.73. 

9 (10) Women are only 5 percent of surveying 

10 and mapping technicians with a median weekly wage 

11 of $794; 11 percent of computer, ATM, and office 

12 machine repair persons with a median weekly wage 

13 of $823; and 18 percent of web developers or pro14 grammers with a median weekly wage of $1,218. 

15 (11) Girls comprise only 15 percent of students 

16 enrolled in high school courses leading to nontradi17 tional occupations. This proportion has stayed rel18 atively constant for the past 30 years. 

19 (12) An independent study conducted in 2001 

20 found that when programs, such as those under the 

21 Women in Apprenticeship and Nontraditional Occu22 pations (WANTO) Act of 1992, were implemented 

23 in an area, local women were 25 percent more likely 

24 to hold a nontraditional job and were more likely to 

25 hold these jobs years after the intervention. 


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1 (13) More than half of the individuals receiving 

2 training services under the Workforce Investment 

3 Act are women. However, males who complete train4 ing are 11 times more likely to be employed in the 

5 occupational category farming, fishing, forestry, con6 struction and extraction and 7 times more likely in 

7 the area installation, repair, production, transpor8 tation, and material moving. In 2007, quarterly 

9 earnings of females who completed training were 18 

10 percent lower than the earnings of males who com11 pleted the training. 

12 (14) Among women who received training serv13 ices under the Workforce Investment Act in either 

14 the adult or dislocated worker program, the share of 

15 those employed in nontraditional occupations the 

16 first quarter after exiting declined from 4.9 percent 

17 and 6.2 percent in each program respectively in pro18 gram year 2002 to 2.3 percent and 2.8 percent re19 spectively in program year 2007. 

20 SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 

21 In this Act— 

22 (1) the term ‘‘designated region’’ has the mean23 ing given such term in section 116(c)(5)(A) of the 

24 Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (29 U.S.C. 

25 2831(c)(5(A)); 


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1 (2) the term ‘‘eligible entity’’ means a partner2 ship— 

3 (A) among— 

4 (i) a community-based organization 

5 experienced in serving women; 

6 (ii) 1 or more employers or a business 

7 association; 

8 (iii) a registered apprenticeship pro9 gram if available in a designated region; 

10 and 

11 (iv) a public postsecondary education 

12 institution; and 

13 (B) in addition to the required partners 

14 described in subparagraph (A), that may in15 clude business and trade associations, labor 

16 unions, high schools, and workforce and eco17 nomic development agencies; 

18 (3) the term ‘‘self-sufficiency standard’’ means 

19 a measure of how much income families need to 

20 cover their basic costs without subsidies, as deter21 mined or recognized by the State for an applicable 

22 local area using a consistent methodology that cal23 culates the costs of living and working (including 

24 taxes) based upon sub-State geographic location and 

25 family size and composition; 


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1 (4) the term ‘‘non-traditional occupations’’ 

2 means those occupations in which women make up 

3 less than 25 percent of the current workforce (as de4 fined in section 3 of the Carl D. Perkins Career and 

5 Technical Education Act of 2006 (20 U.S.C. 2302)); 

6 (5) the term ‘‘public postsecondary education 

7 institution’’ means— 

8 (A) a junior or community college, as de9 fined in section 312(f) of the Higher Education 

10 Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1058(f)); or 

11 (B) an area technical school, as defined in 

12 section 3 of the Carl D. Perkins Career and 

13 Technical Education Act of 2006 (20 U.S.C. 

14 2302); 

15 (6) the term ‘‘registered apprenticeship pro16 gram’’ means a program registered under the Act of 

17 August 16, 1937 (commonly known as the ‘‘National 

18 Apprenticeship Act’’ (29 U.S.C. 50 note)); and 

19 (7) the term ‘‘State’’ has the meaning given 

20 such term in section 3 of the Carl D. Perkins Career 

21 and Technical Education Act of 2006 (20 U.S.C. 

22 2302). 

23 SEC. 4. GRANTS TO STATES. 

24 (a) ALLOCATION OF FUNDS.— 


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1 (1) IN GENERAL.—In any fiscal year in which 

2 the total amount appropriated under section 11 ex3 ceeds $50,000,000, the Secretary of Labor shall, 

4 from the amount appropriated under section 11 to 

5 carry out this section, allocate funds to States using 

6 a formula based on each State’s share of the na7 tional population of women from families with an in8 come of less than 200 percent of the poverty thresh9 old, according to the most recent data available by 

10 the Bureau of the Census. 

11 (2) REALLOCATION.—If a State does not re12 ceive funds under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall 

13 reallocate such funds to other States in the same 

14 proportion funds are allocated under such para15 graph. 

16 (b) SUBMISSION OF STATE PLAN.— 

17 (1) IN GENERAL.—In order to receive an alloca18 tion of funds under subsection (a), the Governor of 

19 a State shall submit a State Plan that describes how 

20 the State plans to— 

21 (A) distribute such funds to eligible enti22 ties located in the State to increase women’s 

23 participation in high-wage, high-demand occu24 pations in which women are currently underrepVerDate Mar 15 2010 03:51 Jun 28, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S1252.IS S1252

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1 resented in the State’s workforce in accordance 

2 with section 5; and 

3 (B) use such funds to carry out the state4 wide activities described in subsection (c). 

5 (2) ADMINISTRATION OF STATE PLAN.—The 

6 State Plan described in paragraph (1) shall be ad7 ministered by a State workforce development board 

8 (as referred to in the Workforce Investment Act of 

9 1998 (29 U.S.C. 2801 et seq.)), in consultation with 

10 a State entity (as defined in section 118(c) of the 

11 Carl D. Perkins Career Technical Education Act of 

12 2006 (20 U.S.C. 2328)). 

13 (3) REVIEW OF PLAN.—The Secretary of Labor 

14 shall review each State plan submitted pursuant to 

15 this subsection within 60 days of receipt. 

16 (c) USE OF FUNDS.—The designated State entity 

17 may reserve not more than 15 percent of the grant for 

18 statewide activities to— 

19 (1) provide technical assistance to eligible enti20 ties receiving funding under this Act and to State 

21 registered apprenticeship programs and sponsors 

22 and joint apprenticeship training councils on meet23 ing their enrollment goal for women in nontradi24 tional occupations; 


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1 (2) develop institutional and cross-agency poli2 cies and protocols such as memoranda of under3 standing that set goals for the hiring of specific per4 centages of women served under this Act into reg5 istered apprenticeships and permanent employment 

6 openings in publicly assisted projects; 

7 (3) engage in public education and outreach ac8 tivities, to overcome stereotypes about women in 

9 nontraditional occupations, including the develop10 ment of educational and marketing materials; and 

11 (4) provide training and technical assistance to 

12 overcome gender inequity among employers, reg13 istered apprenticeship programs, and State equal 

14 employment opportunity and affirmative action 

15 agencies. 

16 SEC. 5. STATE GRANTS TO PARTNERSHIPS. 

17 (a) IN GENERAL.— 

18 (1) ALLOCATIONS AUTHORIZED.—A State re19 ceiving funds under section 4 shall allocate the funds 

20 not reserved to carry out the statewide activities de21 scribed in section 4(c) to eligible entities in the State 

22 to support the recruitment, training, placement, and 

23 retention of women in nontraditional occupations. 

24 (2) ALLOCATION DURATION.—An allocation 

25 under this section to an eligible entity shall be made 


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1 for not more than 2 years with the possibility of a 

2 multi-year renewal upon submission of a renewal ap3 plication containing information— 

4 (A) about the effectiveness of the services 

5 and activities provided under subsection (d)(1) 

6 using the funds made available under the first 

7 allocation; and 

8 (B) any such additional information as the 

9 Secretary may require. 

10 (3) ALLOCATION AMOUNT.—An allocation 

11 under this section to an eligible entity shall be of 

12 sufficient size and scope to support the effective im13 plementation of the services and activities described 

14 in subsection (d)(1). 

15 (b) APPLICATION PROCESS.—An eligible entity that 

16 desires to receive funds under this section shall submit an 

17 application to the designated State agency. Such applica18 tion shall provide a plan detailing the roles and respon19 sibilities of partnership members and how funds will be 

20 used in conjunction with funding from other public or pri21 vate sources to carry out the activities described in sub22 section (d). 

23 (c) PRIORITIES.—In allocating funds under this sec24 tion, a State agency shall give priority to eligible entities 

25 that— 


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1 (1) include entities with demonstrated success 

2 in recruiting and preparing low-income women for 

3 nontraditional occupations, and local workforce 

4 boards established under the Workforce Investment 

5 Act; or 

6 (2) leverage additional public and private re7 sources to fund training programs, including cash or 

8 in-kind matches from employers. 

9 (d) USE OF FUNDS.— 

10 (1) SERVICES AND ACTIVITIES.—An eligible en11 tity receiving funds under this section shall— 

12 (A) conduct public education and outreach 

13 designed to overcome stereotypes and develop 

14 family support and encouragement; 

15 (B) recruit low-income women for careers 

16 in nontraditional occupations and provide com17 prehensive career guidance and counseling, in18 cluding regional labor market information and 

19 projections about nontraditional jobs and salary 

20 information; 

21 (C) conduct individual assessments and 

22 employment counseling, including instruction on 

23 the use of online job search databases; 

24 (D) assist low-income women to access 

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1 nized certificate or credential, and apprentice2 ship programs that will prepare them for high3 demand, high-skill occupations, including pro4 viding information about— 

5 (i) the quality and cost of the pro6 grams; 

7 (ii) available financial aid; and 

8 (iii) the use of self-sufficiency calcula9 tors where available; 

10 (E) conduct education and pre-apprentice11 ship and pre-employment skill development ac12 tivities including basic skills, education, literacy, 

13 including financial literacy, and training; 

14 (F) coordinate with public secondary edu15 cation institutions to improve the transition of 

16 participants into— 

17 (i) an institution of higher education 

18 (as defined in section 101 of the Higher 

19 Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)); 

20 (ii) a program of study (as described 

21 in section 122(c)(1)(A) of the Carl D. Per22 kins Career and Technical Education Act 

23 of 2006 (20 U.S.C. 2342(c)(1)(A)); or 

24 (iii) a registered apprenticeship pro25 gram; 


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1 (G) engage in necessary activities for the 

2 recruitment, preparation, placement, and reten3 tion of participants in registered apprentice4 ships, and postsecondary training programs, 

5 and permanent employment; 

6 (H) provide access to pre- and post-place7 ment supportive services such as child care, 

8 transportation, tools, application fees, dues, 

9 needs-based payments or stipends, and 

10 mentorships as may be necessary to complete 

11 training and retain employment; 

12 (I) develop or obtain curricula, handbooks, 

13 tools and equipment; 

14 (J) build capacity through staff training, 

15 organizational development and technology up16 grades; 

17 (K) engage in activities requested by the 

18 national clearinghouse established pursuant to 

19 section 9; 

20 (L) develop incentives for employers and 

21 sponsors of registered apprenticeship program 

22 to retain women in nontraditional occupations 

23 for more than 6 months; 

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1 place environment designed to retain and ad2 vance women, including best practices for ad3 dressing sexual harassment; 

4 (N) provide post-placement assistance to 

5 participants in order to promote employment 

6 retention, including exit interviews, mentoring, 

7 networking and leadership development for 

8 women employed in the field; and 

9 (O) develop and collect data, consistent 

10 with the requirements of the Workforce Invest11 ment Act of 1998, to track women by race, eth12 nicity, and age throughout the process and es13 tablish benchmarks such as numbers contacted 

14 through outreach, placement into training and 

15 completion rates, and employment outcomes, in16 cluding earnings progression. 

17 (2) TARGET PARTICIPANTS.—In providing serv18 ices and activities described in paragraph (1), eligi19 ble entities shall target women with family incomes 

20 below the local self-sufficiency standard, when avail21 able, or women in families with income of less than 

22 200 percent of the poverty threshold (as determined 

23 by the Bureau of the Census). 

24 (e) SUPPLEMENT, NOT SUPPLANT.—Funds provided 

25 under this section shall supplement and not supplant other 


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1 Federal, State, or local funds that would, in the absence 

2 of funds provided under this section, be available for the 

3 purposes described in this section. 

4 SEC. 6. ALLOCATIONS TO ELIGIBLE ENTITIES. 

5 (a) ALLOCATIONS.— 

6 (1) IN GENERAL.—In any year in which the 

7 total amount appropriated under section 11 is an 

8 amount less than $50,000,000, the Secretary of 

9 Labor shall, from the amount appropriated under 

10 section 11 to carry out this section, allocate funds 

11 to eligible entities to support the recruitment, train12 ing, placement, and retention of women in nontradi13 tional occupations. 

14 (2) ALLOCATION DURATION.—An allocation 

15 under this section shall be made to an eligible entity 

16 for not more than 2 years with the possibility of 

17 multi-year renewals upon submission of a renewal 

18 application containing information— 

19 (A) about the effectiveness of the services 

20 and activities provided under section (5)(d)(1) 

21 using the funds made available under the first 

22 allocation; and 

23 (B) any such additional information as the 

24 Secretary may require. 


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1 (3) ALLOCATION AMOUNT.—An allocation 

2 under this section to an eligible entity shall be of 

3 sufficient size and scope to support the effective im4 plementation of the services and activities described 

5 in subsection (d). 

6 (b) APPLICATION.—An eligible entity desiring to re7 ceive an allocation under this section shall submit an ap8 plication to the Secretary of Labor at such time, in such 

9 manner, and containing such information as the Secretary 

10 may require. An application shall provide a plan detailing 

11 the roles and responsibilities of partnership members and 

12 how funds will be used in conjunction with funding from 

13 other public or private sources to carry out the services 

14 and activities described in subsection (d). 

15 (c) PRIORITY.—In awarding grants under this sec16 tion, the Secretary of Labor shall give priority to eligible 

17 entities that— 

18 (1) include entities with demonstrated success 

19 in recruiting and preparing low-income women for 

20 nontraditional occupations, and local workforce 

21 boards created under the Workforce Investment Act; 

22 or 

23 (2) leverage additional public and private re24 sources to fund training programs, including cash or 

25 in-kind matches from participating employers. 


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1 (d) USES OF FUNDS.—An eligible entity receiving 

2 funds under this section shall uses such funds to carry 

3 out the services and activities described in section 5(d). 

4 (e) SUPPLEMENT, NOT SUPPLANT.—Funds provided 

5 under this section shall supplement and not supplant other 

6 Federal, State, or local funds that would, in the absence 

7 of funds provided under this section, be available for the 

8 purposes described in this section. 

9 SEC. 7. NATIONAL COMMISSION ON THE STATUS OF 

10 WOMEN IN HIGH–DEMAND AND HIGH–WAGE 

11 NONTRADITIONAL OCCUPATIONS. 

12 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Labor, in con13 sultation with the Secretary of Education, shall convene 

14 a national commission (in this section referred to as the 

15 ‘‘Commission’’) for the purpose of examining and making 

16 recommendations for improving the status of women in 

17 high-demand, high-wage nontraditional occupations. 

18 (b) MEMBERSHIP.—The Commission shall include 30 

19 members, of which 15 members shall be appointed by the 

20 President, 5 members by the Speaker and 3 members by 

21 the minority leader of the House of Representatives, and 

22 4 members by the majority leader and 3 members by the 

23 minority leader of the Senate. Members shall include rep24 resentatives from— 


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1 (1) business or trade associations in industries 

2 with high-wage, high-demand nontraditional occupa3 tions and sponsors of registered apprenticeship pro4 gram; 

5 (2) women’s organizations and other nonprofit 

6 organizations serving low-income women; 

7 (3) labor unions and labor-management organi8 zations; 

9 (4) high school and public postsecondary edu10 cation institutions; 

11 (5) State workforce and economic development 

12 agencies or agencies responsible for the Workforce 

13 Investment Act and the Carl D. Perkins Career and 

14 Technical Education Act; and 

15 (6) academics, researchers, and other stake16 holders. 

17 A minimum of 10 members must have demonstrated expe18 rience in serving low-income women. 

19 (c) DUTIES.—The duties of the Commission shall be 

20 to— 

21 (1) develop a 5-year plan to encourage the full 

22 participation of women in high-wage, high-demand 

23 nontraditional occupations; 

24 (2) hold hearings on the national and regional 

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1 cupations, particularly the underrepresentation of 

2 women in high-demand, high-wage occupations; 

3 (3) recommend policies and programs, including 

4 the establishment of sanctions and bonuses for Fed5 eral contractors in designated sectors and the use of 

6 on-site equal opportunity monitors on all large feder7 ally funded projects; and 

8 (4) submit its progress report and policy rec9 ommendations to Congress and related Federal 

10 agencies not later than 1 year after the Commission 

11 is convened and every 2 years thereafter. 

12 SEC. 8. DATA COLLECTION AND REPORTING. 

13 The Bureau of Labor Statistics shall collect data on 

14 the status of women’s participation in underrepresented 

15 sectors of the economy and shall examine the status of 

16 women in relation to that of men. Such data shall in17 clude— 

18 (1) the gender, race, age of participants, includ19 ing cross tabulations of those three; 

20 (2) occupation; 

21 (3) geography; 

22 (4) advancement salary; 

23 (5) pay equity within categories within occupa24 tions; and 


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1 (6) assignment disparity measured as through 

2 income and hours worked. 

3 The Bureau shall collect such information on an annual 

4 basis and submit it to relevant Federal agencies (including 

5 the Departments of Labor, Education, Commerce, the 

6 commission established under section 6, and to Congress. 

7 The Bureau shall also make such information available to 

8 the public on the Bureau’s Web site. 

9 SEC. 9. NATIONAL CLEARINGHOUSE. 

10 The Secretary of Labor, in consultation with the Sec11 retary of Education, shall establish a national clearing12 house to collect and distribute best practices. The clearing13 house shall— 

14 (1) convene national and regional meetings and 

15 conferences to bring together stakeholders at all lev16 els; 

17 (2) collect and disseminate best practices of col18 laborative models for the recruitment, preparation, 

19 placement and retention of women in nontraditional 

20 employment; 

21 (3) provide legal, policy and technical assistance 

22 in order to sustain and advance the promotion, em23 ployment and retention of women in high-wage, 

24 high-demand nontraditional occupations; and 


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1 (4) develop and conduct a national training pro2 gram, including through distance learning, for staff, 

3 partners and board members of grantees and sub4 grantees. 

5 SEC. 10. EVALUATION. 

6 (a) EVALUATION.—Beginning 2 years after the date 

7 of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall conduct 

8 an independent, comprehensive, and scientifically sound 

9 evaluation, by grant or contract and using the highest 

10 quality research design available, of the impact of activi11 ties carried out under this Act in promoting the economic 

12 self-sufficiency of low-income women through their in13 creased participation in high-wage, high-demand occupa14 tions where they currently represent 25 percent or less of 

15 the workforce. 

16 (b) REPORT.—Not later than 4 years after the date 

17 of the enactment of this Act, and biannually thereafter, 

18 the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the 

19 results of the evaluation described in subsection (a). 

20 SEC. 11. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

21 There are authorized to be appropriated 

22 $100,000,000 to the Secretary of Labor to carry out this 

23 Act, of which a minimum of $3,000,000 is authorized to 

24 be used to carry out sections 8 and 9. 

Æ 


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