DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director

Water-Supply Paper 405

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1915

PART V. HUDSON BAT AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI 

RIVER BASINS 

NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer

W. G. HOYT and A. H. HORTON, District Engineers

Prepared in cooperation with tne 

States of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, a^dftnois

v>AaS

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1917
. ADDITIONAL COPIES

OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FBOM

THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON, D. C.

AT

20 CENTS PEE COPY
CONTENTS.

Page.

Authorization and scope of work........................................... 7

Definition of terms....................................................... 8

Convenient equivalents. ^ ............................................... 9

Explanation of data...................................................... 11

Accuracy of field data and computed results................................ 12

Cooperation.............................................................. 13

Division of work.......................................................... 14

Gaging-station records.................................................... 15

Hudson Bay drainage basin........................................... 15

St. Mary River near Babb, Mont.................................. 15

St. Mary River below Swiftcurrent Creek, at Babb, Mont........... 17

St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta............................. 20

Swiftcurrent Creek at Many Glacier, Mont......................... 22

Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherburne, Mont............................. 23

Ottertail River at German Church, near Fergus Falls, Minn......... 25

Red Riyer at Fargo, N. Dak....................................... 27

Bed River at Grand Forks, N. Dak................................. 29

Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn............................ 31

Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn........................ 32

Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn................................ 34

Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn.......................... 35

Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn-......................... 37

Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak................................. 38

Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak.................................... 40

Evaporation gage at University, N. Dak ........................... 41

Rainy Lake at Ranier, Minril..................................... 42

Rainy River at International Falls, Minn........................... 44

Kawishiwi River near Winton, Minn................................ 47

Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion, near Tower, Minn.......... 52

Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn............................. 54

Upper Mississippi River drainage basin................................. 56

Mississippi River above Sandy River, near Libby, Minn............. 56

Mississippi River at Elk River, Minn.............................. 57

Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn................................ 58

Sandy River below Sandy Lake reservoir, Minn.................... 60

Pine River below Pine River reservoir, Minn........................ 61

Crow Wing River at Motley, Minn................................. 63

Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn.............................. 65

Elk River near Big Lake, Minn................................... 67

Crow River at Rockford, Minn.................................... 69

Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn............................ 71

Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn.............................. 73

Lac Qui Parle River at Lac Qui Parle, Minn....................... 75

Chippewa River near Watson, Minn............................... 76

St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis...................................... 78

St. Croix River near St. Croix Falls, Wis........................... 80

3
4 " CONTENTS.

Gaging-station records Continued.

Upper Mississippi River drainage basin Continued. Page.

Namakagon River at Trego, Wis................................... 81

Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn................:............... 82

Snake River near Pine City, Minn................................. 84

Apple River near Somerset, Wis.................................... 86

Chippewa River at Bishops Bridge, near Winter, Wis ............... 88

Chippewa River near Brace, Wis. ................................... 90

Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis........................... 92

West Fork of Chippewa River at Lessards, near Winter, Wis......... 94

Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis.......................... I... 96

Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis............................. 98

Jump River at Sheldon, Wis....................................... 101

Eau Claire River near Augusta, Wis............................... 101

Red Cedar River near Colfax, Wis.................................. 103

Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, Wis................................ 105

Red Cedar River at Menomonie, Wis............................... 106

Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn.............................. 108

South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn............. 110

Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis.................................. Ill

Black River at Neillsville, Wis.................................... 113

La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis............................. 115

Root River at Houston, Minn ..........................;......... 117

North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn................... 119

Upper Iowa River near Decorah, Iowa..'........................... 120

Wisconsin River near Rhinelander, Wis.............................. 122

Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis................................... 124

Wisconsin River near Nekoosa, Wis................................. 126

Wisconsin River at Muscoda, Wis.................................. 129

Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis............................... 131

Prairie River near Merrill, Wis.................................... 132

Little Rib River near Wausau, Wis. ...f............................ 134

Eau Claire River at Kelly, Wis..................................... 136

Big Eau Plaine River near Stratford, Wis........................... 138

Plover River near Stevens Point, Wis.............................. 140

Baraboo River near Baraboo, Wis.................................. 142

Kickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis................................ 144

Turkey River at Garber, Iowa..................................... 146

Maquoketa River below North Fork of Maquoketa River, near

Maquoketa, Iowa................................................ 147

Rock River at Afton, Wis......................................... 149

Rock River at Rockford, 111....................................... 151

Rock River at Lyndon, 111........................................ 153

Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis...................................... 155

Pecatonica River at Freeport, 111................................... 157

Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis.................................... 159

Iowa River at Marshalltown, Iowa................................. 161

Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa.................................... 162

Iowa River at Wapello, Iowa....................................... 164

Cedar River near Janesville, Iowa.................................. 165

Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa................................. 166

Shellrock River near Clarksville, Iowa............................. 168

Skunk River at Coppoek, Iowa................--..--.----.---.....- 169

Skunk River at Augusta, Iowa..................................... 171
CONTENTS.

Gaging-station records Continued. 

 Upper Mississippi River drainage basin Continued.

Des Moines Elver at Kalo, Iowa................................... 172

Des Moines River at Des Moines, Iowa.............................. 174

Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa............................. 176

Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa................................. 177

Kankakee River at Momence, 111.................................. 178

Kankakee River at Custer Park, 111 ........ f...................^... 180

Des Plaines River at Lemont, 111................................... 181

Des Plaines River at Romeo, 111.................................... 183

Des Plaines River at Joliet, 111.................................... 183

Fox River at South Elgin, 111...................................... 186

Fox River at Aurora, 111.......................................... 188

Fox River at Wedron, 111......................................... 188

Vermilion River near Streator, 111.................................. 190

Spoon River at Seville, IU......................................... 192

Sangamon River at Monticello, 111................................. 193

Sangamon River at Riverton, 111.................................. 196

Sangamon River near Oakford, 111.................................. 198

South Fork of Sangamon River near Taylorville, 111................. 199

Kaskaskia River at Shelbyville, 111................................ 200

Kaskaskia River at Vandalia, 111.................................. 201

Kaskaskia River at Carlyle, 111..................................... 203

Kaskaskia River at New Athens, III................................ 205

Shoal Creek near Breese, 111....................................... 207

Silver Creek near Lebanon, 111..................................... 208

Big Muddy River at Plumfield, 111................................ 209

Beaucoup Creek near Pinckneyville, 111............................ 210

Miscellaneous measurements............................................... 211

Index.................................................................... 213

Appendix Gaging stations and publications relating to water resources....... i

ILLUSTRATIONS.

PLATE I. A, Price current meters: B, Typical gaging station................. 12

II. Water-stage recorders: A, Stevens; B, Gurley printing; C, Friez.... 13

III. McDermott Lake from Many Glacier Camp, Mont................. 22

IV. A, Measuring flow of an ice-covered stream, Wisconsin River at 

Necedah, Wis.; B, Gaging station on Wisconsin River at 

Merrill, Wis.; looking upstream, showing chain gage on bridge 

and shelter for water-stage recorder......................... 124
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF HUDSON BAY AND 

UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS, 1915.

AUTHORIZATION AND SCOPE W WORK.

This volume is one of a series of fourteen reports presenting results 

of measurements of flow made on streams in the United States »

during the year ending September 30, 1915.

The data presented in these reports were collected by the United 

States Geological Survey under the following authority contained in 

the organic law (20 Stat. L., p. 394):

Provided, That this officer [the Director] shall have the direction of the Geological 

Survey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain.

The work was begun in 1888 in connection with special studies 

relating to irrigation in the arid West. Since the fiscal year ending 

June 30,1895, successive sundry bills passed by Congress have carried 

the following item and appropriations:

For gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States, and 

for the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells, and for the preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources.

Annual appropriations for the fiscal years ending June 30,1895-1915.

1895....................................................... $12,500

J.896....................................................... 20,000

1897 to 1900, inclusive....................................... 50,000

1901 to 1902,inclusive....................................... 100,000

1903 to 1906, inclusive....................................... 200,000

1907....................................................... 150,000

1908 to 1910, inclusive....................................... 100,000

1911 to 1915, inclusive....................................... 150,000

In the execution of the work many private and State organizations 

have cooperated, either by furnishing data or by assisting in collecting 

data. Acknowledgments for cooperation of the first kind are made 

in connection with the description of each station affected; cooperation of the second kind is acknowledged on page 13.

Measurements of stream flow have been made at about 3,800 points 

in the United States and also at many points in Alaska and the 

Hawaiian Islands. In July, 1915, 1,350 gaging stations were being 

maintained by the Survey and the cooperating organizations. Many 

miscellaneous discharge measurments are made at other points.

7
8 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

In connection with this work data were also collected in regard to 

precipitation, evaporation, storage reservoirs, river profiles, and 

water power in many sections of the country and will be made available in water-supply papers from time to time. Information in regard 

to publications relating to water resources is presented in the appendix 

to this report.

DEFINITION OP TERMS.

The volume of water flowing in a stream the "run-off" or "discharge" is expressed in various terms, each of which has become 

associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 

into two groups (1) those th'at represent a rate of flow, as secondfeet, gallons per minute, miner's inches, and discharge in second-feet 

per square mile, and (2) those that represent the actual quantity of 

water, as run-off in depth of inches, acre-feet, and millions of cubic 

feet. The principal terms used in this series of reports are secondfeet, second-feet per square mile, run-off in inches, acre-feet, and millions of cubic feet. They may be defined as follows:

"Second-feet" is an abbreviation for "cubic feet per second." A 

second-foot is the rate of discharge of water, flowing in a channel of 

rectangular cross section 1 foot wide and 1 foot deep at an average 

velocity of 1 foot per second. It is generally used as a fundamental 

unit from which others are computed by the use of the factors given 

in the tables of convenient equivalents (p. 9).

" Second-feet per square mile " is the average number of cubic feet 

of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, 

on the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as 

regards time and area.

"Run-off (depth in inches)" is the depth to which an area would 

be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period were 

uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used for comparing run-off 

with rainfall, which is usually expressed in depth of inches.

An "acre-foot," equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet, is the quantity 

required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. The term is commonly used in connection with storage for irrigation.

"Millions of cubic feet" is applied to quantities of water stored in 

reservoirs, most frequently in connection with studies of flood control.

The following terms not in common use are here defined:

"Discharge relation," an abbreviation for the term "relation of 

gage height to discharge."

"Control," "controlling section," and "point of control," terms 

used to designate the section or sections of the stream below the gage 

which determine the discharge relation at the gage. It should be 

noted that the control may not be the same section or sections at all
CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS. 9

The "point of zero flow" for a gaging station is that point on the 

gage the gage height to which the surface of the river would 

fall if there were no flow.

CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS.

The following is a list of convenient equivalents for use in hydraulic 

computations:

Table for converting discharge in second-feet per square mile into run-off in depth in inches

over the area.

Discharge 

(secgndf eet per 

squaremite).

1.. .......

2.. .......

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

Run-off in inches.

1 day.

0.03719 

.07438 

.11157 

. 14876 

.18595 

.22314 

.26033 

.29752 

. 33471

28 days.

1.041 

2.083 

3.124 

4.165 

5.207 

6.248 

7.289 

8.331 

9.372

29 days.

1.079 

2.157 

3.236 

4.314 

5.393 

6.471 

7.550 

8.628 

9.707

30 days.

1.116 

2.231 

3.347 

4.463 

5.578 

6.694 

7.810 

8.926 

10.041

31 days.

1.153 

2.306 

3.459 

4.612 

5.764 

6.917 

8.070 

9.223 

10. 376

NOTE,. For part of a month multiply the run-off for one day by the number of days.

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in acre-feet.

Discharge 

(secondfeet).

1. ........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.:.......

8.........

9.........

Run-off in acre-feet.

1 day.

1.983 

3.967 

5.950 

7.934 

9.917 

11.90 

13.88 

15.87 

17.85

28 days.

55.54 

111.1 

166.6 

222.1 

277.7 

333.2 

388.8 

444.3 

499.8

29 days.

57.52 

115.0 

172.6 

230.1 

287.6 

345.1 

402.6 

460.2 

517.7

30 days.

59.50 

119.0 

178.5 

238.0 

297.5 

357.0 

416.5 

476.0 

535.5

31 days.

61.49 

123.0 

184.5 

246.0 

307.4 

368.9 

430.4 

491.9 

553.4

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for one day by the number of days.

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in millions of cubic feet.

Discharge 

(secondfeet).

1.........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

Run-off in millions of cubic feet.

Iday.

0.0864 

.1728 

.2592 

.3456 

.4320 

.5184 

.6048 

.6912 

.7776

28 days.

2.419 

4.838 

7.257 

9.676 

12.10 

14.51 

16.93 

19.35 

21.77

29 days.

2.506 

5.012 

7.518 

10.02 

12.53 

15.04 

17.54 

20.05 

22.55

30 days.

2.592 

5.184 

7.776 

10.37 

12.96 

15.55 

18.14 

20.74 

23.33

31 days.

2.678 

5.356 

8.034 

10.71 

13.39 

16.07 

18.75 

21.42 

24.10

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for one day by the number of days.
10 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART* V.

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in millions of gallons.

Discharge 

(secondfeet).

1.. .......

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

Run-off in millions of gallons.

Iday.

0.6463 

1.293 

1.939

2.585 

3.232 

3.878 

4.524 

5.171 

5.817 -

28 days.

18.10 

36.20 

54.30. 

72.40 

90.50 

108.6 

126.7 

144.8 

162.9

29 days.

18.74 

37.48 

56.22 

74.96 

93.70 

112.4 

131.2 

149.9 

168.7

30 days.

19.39

38.78 

58.17 

77.56 

96.95 

116.3 

135.7 

155.1 

174.5

31 days.

20.04 

40.08 

60.12 

'80.16 

100.2 

120.2 

. 140. 3 

160.3 

180.4

NOTE. For part of a month multiply the run-off for one day by the number of days

Table for converting velocity in feet per second into velocity in miles per hour.

[1 foot per second= 0.681818 mile per hour, or two-thirds mile per hour, very nearly; 1 mile per hour=1.4666 

feet per second. In computing the table the figures 0.68182 and 1.4667 were used.]

Feet per 

second 

(units).

0.........

1.........

2.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

Miles per hour for tenths of foot per second.

0

0.000 

.682 

1.36 

2.05 

2.73 

3.41 

4.09 

4.77 

5.45 

6.14

1

0.068 

.750 

1.43 

2.11 

2.80 

3.48 

4.16 

4.84 

5.52 

6.20

2

0.136 

.818 

1.50 

2.18 

2.86 

3.55 

4.23 

4.91 

5.59 

6.27

3

0.205 

.886 

1.57 

2.25 

2.93 

3'. 61 

4.30 

4.98 

5.66 

6.34

4

0.273 

.995 

1.64 

2.32 

3.00 

3.68 

4.36 

5.05 

5.73 

6.41

5

0.341 

1.02 

1.70 

2.39 

3.07 

3.75 

4.43 

5.11 

5.80 

6.48

6

0.409 

1.09 

1.77 

2.45 

3.14 

3.82 

4.50 

5.18 

5.86 

6.55

7

0.477 

1.16 

1.84 

2.52 

3.20 

3.89 

4.57 

5.25 

5.93 

6.61

8

0.545 

1.23 

1.91 

2.59 

3.27 

3.95 

4.64 

5.32 

6.00 

6.68

9

0.614 

1.30 

1.98 

2.66 

3.34 

4.02 

4.70 

5.39 

6.07 

6.75

1 second-foot equals 40 California miner's inches (law of Mar. 23, 1901).

1 second-foot equals 38.4 Colorado miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 40 Arizona miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 7.48 United States gallons per second; equals 448.8 gallons per 

minute; equals 646,317 gallons for one day.

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) covers 1 square mile 1.131 feet of 13.752 inches 

deep.

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) equals 31,536,000 cubic feet.

1 second-foot equals about 1 acre-inch per hour.

1 second-foot for one year (365 days) equals 724 acre-feet.

1 second-foot for one day covers 1 square mile 0.03719 inch deep.

1 second-foot for one day equals 86,400 cubic feet.

1,000,000,000 (1 United States billion) cubic feet equals 11,570 second-feet for one 

day.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 414 second-feet for one 28-day month.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 399 second-feet for one 29-day month.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 386 second-feet for one 30-day month.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 373 second-feet for one 31-day month.

100 California miner's inches equals 18.7 United States gallons per second.

100 California miner's inches for one day equals 4.96 acre-feet.

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 2.60 second-feet.

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 19.5 United States gallons per second.

100 Colorado miner's inches for one day equals 5.17 acre-feet.
EXPLANATION OF DATA. . 11

100 United States^allons per minute equals 0.223 second-foot.

100 United States gallons per minute for one day equals 0.442 acre-foot.

1,000,000 United States gallons per day equals 1.55 second-feet.

1,000,000 United States gallons equals 3.07 acre-feet.

1,000,000 cubic feet equals 22.95 acre-feet.

1 acre-foot equals 325,850 gallons.

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 2,323,200 cubic feet.

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 0.0737 second-foot per year.

1 foot equals 0.3048 meter. *

1 mile equals 1.60935 kilometers.

1 mile equals 5,280 feel

1 acre equals 0.4047 hectare.

1 acre equals 43,560 square feet.

1 acre equals 209 feet square, nearly.

1 square mile equals 2.59 square kilometers.

1 cubic foot equals 0.0283 cubic meter.

1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds.

1 cubic meter per minute equals 0.5886 second-feet.

1 horsepower equals 550 foot-pounds per second.

1 horsepower equals 76.0 kilogram-meters per second.

1 horsepower equals 746 watts. 

1 horsepower equals 1 second-foot falling 8.80 feet.

1| horsepower equals about 1 kilowatt.

m , , . , . ,, Second-feetXfall in feet , ,

To calculate water power quickly: P= =net horsepower on

water wheel realizing 80 per cent of theoretical power.

EXPLANATION OF DATA.

The data presented in this report cover the year beginning October 

1, 1914, and ending September 30, 1915. At the first of January 

in most parts of the United States much of the precipitation in the 

preceding three months is stored as ground water, in the form of 

snow, or in ponds, lakes, and swamps, and this stored water passes 

off in the streams during the spring break-up; at the end of September, on the other hand, the only stored water available for run-off is 

possibly a small quantity in the ground; therefore the run-off for a 

year beginning October 1 is practically all derived from precipitation 

in that year.

The base data collected at gaging stations (PL I, B} consist of records of stage, measurements of discharge, and general information 

used to supplement the gage heights and discharge measurements in 

determining the daily flow. The records of stage are obtained either 

from direct readings on a staff gage or from a water-stage recorder 

(PL II) that gives a continuous record of the fluctuations. Measurements of discharge are made with a current meter by the general 

methods outlined in standard textbooks on the measurement of river 

discharge.

From the discharge measurements rating tables are prepared that 

give the discharge for any stage, and these rating tables, when applied
12 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

to the gage heights, give the daily discharge from wfeich the monthly 

and yearly mean discharge is determined.

The data presented for each gaging station in the area covered by 

this report comprises a description of the station, a table giving 

results of discharge measurements, a table showing the daily discharge of the stream, and a table of monthly and yearly discharge 

and run-off.

If the base data are insufficient to determine the daily discharge, 

tables giving daily gage heights and results of discharge neasurements 

are published.

The description of the station gives, in addition to statements regarding location and equipment, information in regard to any conditions that may affect the constancy of the discharge relation, 

covering such subjects as the occurrence of ice, the use of the stream 

for log driving, shifting of channel, and the cause and effect of backwater; it gives also information as to diversions that decrease the 

flow at the gage, artificial regulation, maximum and minimuni recorded st&ges, and the accuracy of the records.

The table of daily discharge gives the discharge in second-feet corresponding to the mean of the gage heights read each day. At stations 

on streams subject to sudden or rapid diurnal fluctuation the discharge obtained from the rating table and the mean daily gage height 

may not be the true mean discharge for the day. If such stations are 

equipped with water-stage recorders the mean daily discharge may 

be obtained by averaging the discharge at regular intervals during 

the day or by use of the discharge integrator, an instrument operating 

on the principle of the planimeter and containing as an essentia 

element the rating curve of the station.

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed "Maximum" 

gives the mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was 

highest. As the gage height is the mean for the day, it does not 

indicate correctly the stage when the water surface was at crest 

height and the corresponding discharge was consequently larger than 

given in the maximum column. Likewise, in the column headed 

"Minimum" the quantity given is the mean flow for the day when 

the mean gage height was lowest. The column headed "Mean" is the 

average flow in cubic feet for each second during the month. On 

this average flow computations recorded in the remaining columns^ 

which are defined on page 8, are based.

ACCURACY OP FIELD DATA AND COMPUTED RESULTS.

The accuracy of stream-flow data depends primarily (1) on the 

permanency of the discharge relation and (2) on the accuracy of 

observation of stage, measurements of flow, and interpretation of 

records.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 405 PLATE

A. PRICE CURRENT METERS.

B. TYPICAL GAGING STATION.
U. 6. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 405 PLATE II

STEVENS. 5. GURLEY PRINTING. 

WATER-STAGE RECORDERS.

C. FRIEZ.
COOPERATION.

Footnotes added to the daily discharge tables give information

regarding the probable accuracy of the rating tables use<

accuracy column is inserted in the monthly discharge ta }le.

the rating tables, "well defined" indicates, in general, 

rating is probably accurate within 5 per cent; "fairly well

within 10 per cent; "poorly defined" or "approximate," 'within 15

to 25 per cent. These notes are very general and are bas 

plotting of the individual measurements with reference to

rating curve.

The letter in the column headed "Accuracy," in the monthly discharge table, rates the accuracy of the monthly mean anc not that 

of the estimate of maximum or minimum discharge or the discharge, 

for any one day. The rating is determined by considering the ac

curacy of the rating curve, the probable reliability of the 

the number of gage readings per day, the range of the flue 

stage, and local conditions. In this column A indicates 

mean monthly flow is probably accurate within 5 per cent;

10 per cent; C, within 15 per cent; D, within 25 per cent 

conditions are covered by footnotes.

The monthly means for any station may represent with high 

accuracy the quantity of water flowing past the gage, but t le figures 

showing discharge per square mile and depth of run-off in inches 

may be subject to gross errors caused by the inclusion of ] irge noncontributing districts in the measured drainage area, by lack of 

information! concerning water diverted for irrigation or ether use, 

or by inability to interpret the effect of artificial regulation of the

flow of 'the river above the station. "Second-feet per squ

and "run-off (depth in inches)" are therefore not computed if

such errors appear probable. The computations are alsi 

for stations on streams draining areas in which the annm

is less than 20'inches. All figures representing "seconc-feet per

square mile" and "run-off (depth in inches)" previously

by the Survey should be used with caution because of 

inherent sources of error not known to the Survey.

The table of monthly discharge gives only a general id

13

and an

that

For 

the

defined,"

on the 

the mean

observer, 

uation in 

that the 

B, within 

Special

ire mile'

omitted 

1 rainfall

published

possible

sa of the

flow at the station and should not be used for other thai preliminary estimates; the tables of daily discharge allow more detailed 

studies of the variation in flow. It should be borne in mind, however, that the observations in each succeeding year may be expected 

to throw new light on data previously published.

COOPERATION.

In Montana the work was done in cooperation with the United 

States Reclamation Service. The station on St. Mary River at 

Kimball, Alberta, was maintained in cooperation with the department 

of the interior, Canada.
14 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

In Minnesota the work was carried on in cooperation with the State 

Drainage Commission, E. V. Willard, acting State drainage engineer, 

and at certain stations, with the following organizations: U. S. Army 

Engineer Corps (Chippewa River near Watson, Minn., and Minnesota 

River at Montevideo, Minn.); U. S. Weather Bureau (Minnesota 

River near Mankato, Minn., and Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn.); 

Eastern Minnesota Power Co. (Snake River near Pine City, Minn.); 

International Joint Commission (Kawishiwi River near Winton, 

Minn.).

In Wisconsin the work was carried on in cooperation with the Railroad Commission of Wisconsin, C. M. Larson, chief engineer, and at 

certain stations with the following organizations: Wisconsin-Minnesota Light & Power Co. (Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis., 

Red Cedar River near Colfax, Wis., Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, 

Wis., Red Cedar River at Menomonie, Wis.); Chippewa & Flambeau 

Improvement Co. (Chippewa River at Bishop's Bridge, near Winter, 

Wis., and West Fork of Chippewa River at Lessard's, near Winter, 

Wis.).

In Iowa the State Geological Survey, George F. Kay, director, 

cooperated, and in Illinois the work was done in cooperation with the 

State of Illinois Rivers and Lakes Commission.

DIVISION OF WORK.

The data for stations in the Hudson Bay basin, except in Minnesota, were collected and prepared for publication under the direction 

of W. A. Lamb, district engineer, Helena, Mont., assisted by E. F. 

Chandler, Ole Christianson, and L. W. Burdick.

The data for stations in the Hudson Bay and Mississippi River 

basins in Minnesota were collected and prepared for publication under 

the general direction of W. G. Hoyt, district engineer, Madison, Wis., 

under the immediate direction of S. B. Soule, assisted by E. F. Chandler, H. T. Critchlow, Ole Christianson, W. B. Stevenson, and L. W. 

Burdick.

For stations in the Mississippi River basin in Wisconsin the data 

were collected and prepared for publication under the direction of 

W. G. Hoyt, district engineer, assisted by G. H. Canfield, H. C. Beckman, H. T. Critchlow, M. F. Rather, and J. O. Entringer.

The data in the Mississippi River basin in Iowa were collected and 

prepared for publication under the general direction of W. G. Hoyt, 

district engineer, and under the immediate direction of R. H. Bolster, 

assisted by D. V. Egbert, C. Herlofson, and A. Davis.

The data in the Mississippi River basin in Illinois were collected 

and prepared for publication under the direction of A. H. Horton, 

district engineer, assisted by B. J. Peterson, William Kessler, H. W, 

Fear, and M. I. Walters.

The manuscript was assembled by B, J, Petersou.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 15

GAGING-STATION RECORDS.

HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN.

ST. MARY RIVER NEAR BABB, MONT.

LOCATION. Near dam site one-fourth mile below outlet of lower St. Mary Lake, 1 mile 

'above mouth of Swiftcurrent Creek, and about 2 miles south of Babb, on Blackfeet Reservation, in Teton County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 177 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 9, 1902, to September 30, 1915. 

GAGE. Chain gage on right bank, read twice a day during the open season and twice

a week during the winter by employees of the United States Reclamation Service.

In winter months a temporary low-water gage opposite the chain gage was read. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 300 feet below gage. Low-water

measurements made by wading one-fourth mile above gage. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Control practically permanent; bed of stream composed of

firm gravel and cobblestones. 

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 3.5 feet at 7 a. m.

July 3 (discharge, 1,330 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.67 foot March 11

and 16 (discharge, 55 second-feet). 

1902-1915: Maximum stage estimated at 9.4 feet June 5, 1908 (discharge 7,980

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.0 foot April 3-7, 1904 (discharge, 20

second-feet). 

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation not seriously affected by ice; open-channel rating

curve assumed applicable. 

DIVERSIONS. None.

REGULATION. Natural storage in St. Mary lakes. 

ACCURACY. Records good.

Discharge measurements of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Dec. 16

Feb. 18

Made by 

W. A. Lamb...........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.27

.77

3.17

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. »162

«66

1,100

Date.

July 18

Aug. 11

Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet.

2 71

2.36

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

808

602

Ice along shores; control clear.
16 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7. .............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25...............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

405

386

4flfi

426

445

425

445

405

425

386

405

Q77

349

367

O4Q

367

405

425

don

515

540

515

un

515

490

445

425

405

386

405

Nov.

396

386

425

425

490

515

515

515

468

490

490

468

445

425

425

405

386

386

349

368

386

367

SdQ

331

297

263

248

233

218

Dec.

215

215

184

184

170

215

199

199

191

184

177

170

1<U

157

157

170

189

1QO

184

199

199

170

184

IfM

144

128

111

119

119

Jan.

114

109

101

96

92

86

81

78

74

77

80

80

80

70

59

59

5962-

66

74

78

80

83

84

584

84

86

86

84

83

83

Feb.

83

82

81

80

Cfl

80

80

78

77

77

77

76

76

74

71

70

69

66

66

66

66

65

66

66

66

65

65

64

Mar.

64

62

60

57

58

59

59

59

59

55

55

56

56

56

55

55

55

56

56

56

56

57

57

57

66

66

67

68

68

69

72

Apr.

76

76

76

79

83

87

91

100

109

115

122

128

140

152

161

170

190

219

248

286

324

386

430

476

500

500

476

476

500

524

May.

600

680

794

794

854

854

794

794

794

916

1,050

1,050

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,050

980

916

854

794

794

736

736

736

736

736

736

736

736

794

June.

854

854

916

980

1,050

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,050

980

980

916

916

916

916

1,050

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,110

1/050

1,110

1,180

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

July.

1,260

1,260

1,330

1,260

1,260

1,180

1,180

1,110

1,110

1,050

1,050

980

916

916

854

794

794

794

736

736

680

653

653

680

653

736

736

736

736

736

680

Aug.

680

680

653

653

653

653

626

626

600

600

600

600

574

574

574

549

549

549

524

524

524

524

500

500

500

476

476

453

453

408

408

Sept.*

 365

476

524

574

524

500

524

476

476

453

430

430

386

430

365

324

304

304

344

344

365

386

365

365

344

344

365

344

365

344

NOTE. Discharge determined as follows: Oct. 1 to Nov. 30,1914, from a well-defined rating curve; Dec. 

1,1914, to Sept. 30,1915, from a rating curve well defined above 430 second-feet and fairly well defined at 

lower stages. Discharge interpolated on the following days, when gage was not read: Oct. 3, 4, 12. 25; 

Nov. 1. 8, 21, 23-24, 26, 28, 29; Dec. 9-11, 13, 17, 18, 25? 27, 30; Jan. 1, 4, 6, 8,10,12,14,16-18, 22, 24, 26, 27, 

29-31; Feb. 2, 4, 6, 8,10,12,14, 16,19, 21. 23, 25, 26, 28; Mar. 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12,14,15,17,18, 21,22, 24, 25,27, 

29,31; Apr. 2, 4-6,8,11,13,15,18, 20, and 29.

Monthly discharge of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., for the year ending Sept. 30,1915. 

[Drainage area, 177 square miles.]

Month.

April.....^.................

July........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

540 

515 

215 

114 

83 

72 

524 

1,110 

1,260 

1,330 

680 

574

1,330

Minimum.

349 

.218 

111 

59 

64 

55 

76 

600 

854 

653 

408 

304

55

Mean.

433 

395 

173 

81.0 

72.7 

59.7 

243 

854 

1,060 

911 

557 

405

439

Per 

square 

mile.

2.45 

2.23 

.977 

.458 

.411 

.337 

1.37 

4.82 

5.99 

5.15 

3.15 

2.29

2.48

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

2.82 

2.49 

1.13 

.53 

.43 

.39 

1.53 

5.56 

6.68 

5.94 

3.63 

2.56

33.69

Total in 

acre-feet.

26,600 

23,500 

10,600 

4,980 

4,040 

3,670 

14,500 

52,500 

63,100 

56,000 

34,200 

24,100

318,000

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN.

i 

ST. MARY RIVER BELOW SWIFTCURRENT CREEK, AT BABB, MONT.

17

LOCATION. About a mile below mouth of Swiftcurrent Creek, at Babb, on Blackfeet 

Reservation, in Teton County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 298 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 14,1901, to October 18,1902; May 13,1910, to September 

30, 1915.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder on right bank opposite Babb post office. From 

July 14, 1901, to October 18, 1902, a staff gage on the left pier of a highway bridge 

about 100 feet above the present gage, and at a different datum, was used. This 

gage was destroyed by the flood of June 5, 1908. From May 13, 1910, to July 18, 

1911, a staff gage was maintained on the left bank about 75 feet below the original 

gage and at a different datum. A temporary chain gage was used for low-water 

readings. From July 19, 1911, to April 21, 1915, an overhanging chain gage was 

maintained on the right bank at the same datum and location as the present 

water-stage recorder, and at the same datum as the staff gage on left bank, but on 

account of channel conditions the gages do not read the same.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the cable 50 feet above gage; low-water 

measurements made by wading. A small overflow channel from Swiftcurrent 

Creek is measured from a foot-bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream composed of gravel and cobblestones; shifts 

slightly. A small overflow channel from Swiftcurrent Creek enters about 100 

feet below gage on left bank.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.4 feet June 26 

to 29 (discharge 1,860 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 3.8 feet February 

7, 19, 20, 22 to 28, March 1 to 3, 5, 6, and 14 to 18 (discharge 90 second-feet).

1901-1902 and 1910-1915: Maximum stage recorded £.5 feet July 4, 1902 (discharge, 6,690 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 3.48 feet March 15 to 25,1912 

(discharge, 64 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation slightly affected by ice; flow estimated.

DIVERSIONS. None.

REGULATION. Natural storage in St. Mary and Sherburne Lakes.

ACCURACY. Results apparently good.

Discharge measurements of St. Mary River below Swiftcurrent Creek, at Babb, Mont., 

during the year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Nov. 7

Dec. 16

Feb. 19

24

Made by 

W. A. Lamb...........

W. A. Lamb...........

.....do..................

&,

Feet. 

5.28

4.17

3.80

5.22

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

905

o207

& 90

766

Date.

May 26

July 18

Aug. 10

Made by 

W. A Lamb.... ........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.56

6.12

5.52

5.22

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1.050

1.560

1,030

826

o Ice at gage, but probably not enough to cause any backwater. 

& Channel practically free from ice.

NOTE. Measurements do not include the overflow from Swiftcurrent Creek, of which the following measurement was made July 18,1915: Gage height 4.81 feet; discharge, 4.9 second feet.

47878° WSP 405 17 2
18 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary River below Swiftcwrrent Creek, at Babb, Mont., 

for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

670

778

852

740

705

705

705

697

687

677

677

647

647

670

745

007

966

1,040

1,120

1,080

1,030

1,010

988

915

807

760

715

710

660

610

617

Nov.

598

610

641

740

Sin

OJ.1

965

Qnn

777

778

815

815

7/tn

7drt

740

670

600

568

535

535

568

535

480

440

410

ion

370

360

350

qjrt

Dec.

340

320

290

260

250

250

240

w^

220

220

220

210

220

230

240

240

230

220

220

99fl

9ft9

202

202

190

185

175

1 t\(\

150

185

185

178

Jan.

185

202

185

150

115

122

122

132

132

132

115

115

150

145

140

135

130

lOC

lOC

125

120

120

120

115

115

115

122

115

Feb.

115

122

132

115

115

132

90

102

95

95

95

95

95

92

90

90

90

90

90

90

102

90

90

90

90

90

on

90

Mar.

90

90

90

95

90

90

102

102

115

115

102

102

115

90

90

90

90

90

102

102

102

102

115

115

115

122

122

102

115

115

102

Apr.

122

143

185

202

220

260

292

300

300

300

300

345

395

460

478

505

505

630

630

630

630

770

770

735

770

735

735

735

840

May.

1,420

1,420

1,330

1,240

1,240

1,420

1,620

1,720

1,720

1,720

1,720

1,720

1,620

1,720

1,830

1,620

1,520

1,420

1,330

1,240

1,160

1.070

990

990

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,160

1,020

988

June.

1,190

1,280

1,360

1,460

1,560

1,560

1,560

1,560

1,560

1,560

1,360

1,360

1,360

1,280

1,360

1,460

1,460

1,660

1,660

1,660

1,560

1,560

1,560

1,560

1 760

1,860

1,860

1,860

1,860

1,760

July.

1,760

1,760

1,760

1,760

1,660

1,660

1,560

1,560

1,560

1,560

1,460

1,360

1,280

1,190

1,100

1,020

1,020

1,020

988

915

915

915

915

915

988

nog

1,020

1,020

988

950

Aug.

950

915

915

915

880

880

845

845

845

810

810

810

810

810

810

810

778

778

778

745

778

745

745

715

685

685

COE

655

655

655

655

Sept.

625

685

950

988

915

810

745

685

715

715

685

655

625

598

520

520

520

625

745

745

685

685

625

625

570

570

520

520

EOfl

NOTE. Discharge determined as follows: Oct. 1-7, 16-20, and Nov. 7-22. from rating curve fairly well 

denned between 100 and 900 second-feet; Oct. 8-15, 21-31. Nov. 1-6, 23-30, Dec. 1-9, and 24-26. estimated 

because of unreliable gage heights from records obtained at stations above Swiftcurrent Creek and near 

Kimball, Alberta; Dec. 21-23 and Dec. 27 to May 29, except Feb. 10-18, which was estimated, from rating 

curve fairly well defined between 100 and 2,700 second-feet; May 30 to Sept. 30, from rating curve fairly well 

defined between 300 and 2,700 second-feet.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 19

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Swiftcurrent Creek overflow at Babb, Mont., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1.... ........................................

2............................................

3............................................

4............................................

5............................................

6............................................

7............................................

8............................................

9............................................

10............................................

11............................................

12............................................

13............................................

14....... ..................... ................

15............................................

16............................................

17............................................

18............................................

19............................................

20............................................

21............................................

22............................................

23............................................

24............................................

25............................................

26............................................

27............................................

28............................................

9O -

30............................................

ql

Oct.

1.9

4.7

9 8

2

0

2

0

2

0

2.8

0 0

3

0

3

0

3

0

3.3

4.7

4.7

6.5

7.6

8.7

8.7

11.5

11.5

11.5

13.2

15

15

15

20

20

lo o

Nov.

11.5

10.1

8.7

10.1

10.1

8 7

8.7

4.7

4.7

3

Q

2

O

2.3

1.5

1.5

Apr.

1.5

2.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

4 7

4.7

4 7

4.7

4.7

4 7

4.7

4.7

4.7

8.7

11.5

11.5

11.5

11.5

8.7

6.5

4.7

4.7

4.7

6.5

8.7

May.

8.7

11.5

15

26

20

20

23

23

91

26

26

26

26

26

33

26

20

15

11.5

8.7

6.5

4.7

3.3

2.3

1.5

.8

.8

1.5

1.5

3.3

4.7

June.

8.7

11.5

15

15

15

20

20

20

11.5

11.5

8 7

8.7

11.5

11.5

11.5

11.5

15

8.7

10

11

li

14

15

15

20

33

36

33

30

26

July.

26

26

26

23

20

15

15

15

13.2

13.2

11.5

6.5

4.7

4.7

4.7

3

9

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

6.5

6.5

6.5

4.7

Aug.

4.7

4.7

3.3

3.3

3.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

O O

.8

.8

.8

,8

.8

.8

.8

.2

.2

.2

.2

NOTE. Dally discharge determined from a poorly defined rating curve. Discharge Oct. 1 to Nov. 6 

estimated; approximate only, as gage-height record for this period is unreliable. Discharge June 19-22 

interpolated.

Combined daily discharge, in second-feel, of St. Mary River and Swiftcurrent Creek overflow at Babb, Mont., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1....... .......

2..............

5..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

11

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

QA

31..............

Oct.

672

781

857

743

707

707

707

700

690

680

680

650

650

675

750

933

972

1,050

1,130

I fton

1,040

1.000

QQC

820

775

730

725

680

630

630

Nov.

610

620

650

750

850

950

974

895

789

781

01 7

817

749

742

740

670

Ann

568

535

535

568

535

480

440

410

390

370

OAA

350

340

Dec.

340

320

290

250

240

235

220

220

220

210

oon

230

240

240 9°.n

220

220

202

202

202

1QA

185

175

185

178

Jan.

IOK

OfY)

1QC

1 XJt\

1 en

199

1 Q9

loo

1 oo

115

150

145

idn

isfi

135 iin

19f»

125

125

120

120

120

115

115

115

115

132

Feb.

115

122

132

115

115

132

90

102

95

95

95

95

95

92

90

90

90

90

90

on

102

90

90

on

90

90

90

on

Mar.

90

90

90

95

90

90

102

102

115

115

102

102

115

90

90

90

90

90

102

102

102

102

115

115

115

122

122

102

115

115

102

Apr.

122

143

185

204

222

295

303

305

305

305

350 inn

455

483

510

636

639

642

782

782

743

776

740

740

74n

846

1,170

May.

1,430

1,430

1,340

1,270

1,260

1,440

1,640

1,740

1,740

1,750

1,750

1,750

1,650

1,750

1,860

1,650

1,540

1,440

1,340

1,250

1,170

1,070

993

992

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,160

1,020

993

June.

1,200

1,290

1,380

1,480

1,580

1,580

1,580

1,580

1,570

1,570

1,370

1,370

1 °.7n

1,290

1,370

1,470

1,480

1,670

1,670

1,670

1,570

1,570

1,580

1,580

1,780

1,890

1,900

1,890

1,890

1 Ton

July.

1,790

1,790

1,790

1,780

1,680

1 680

l'580

1,580

1,570

1,570

1,470

1,370

1,280

1,190

1,100

1,020

1,020

1,020

991

918

920

920

920

920

955

993

993

1,030

1,030

994

955

Aug.

955

920

918

918

883

882

847

847

847

812

812

812

01 o

812

811

811

770

779

779

746

779

745

745

715

685

685

685

655

655

655

655

Sept.

625

685

950

988

915

810

745

685

715

715

6S5

655

625

598

520

520

520

625

745

745

685

685

625

625

625

570

570

520

520

520
20 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Combined monthly discharge of St. Mary River and Swi/tcurrent Creek overflow at Balib, 

' Mont., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 298 square miles.]

Month.

April.........................

May..........................

July..........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,130 

974 

340 

202 

132 

122 

1,170 

1,860 

1,900 

1,790 

955 

988

1,900

Minimum.

630 

340 

150 

115 

90 

90 

122 

992 

1,200 

918 

655 

520

90

Mean.

800 

623 

222 

134 

98.6 

103 

508 

1,380 

1,570 

1,260 

788 

667

682

Per 

square 

mile.

2.68 

2.11 

.745 

.450 

.331 

.346 

1.70 

4.63 

5.27 

4.23 

2.64 

2.24

2.29

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

3.09 2.35" 

.86 

.52 

.34 

.40 

1.90 

5.34 

5.88 

4.88 

3.04 

2.50

31.10

Total in 

acre-feet.

49,200 

37,400 

13,600 

8,240 

5,480 

6,330 

30,200 

84,800 

93,400 

77,500 

48,500 

39,700

494,000

Accu 

racy.

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

ST. MARY RIVER NEAR KIMBALL, ALBERTA.

LOCATION. In the SW. \ sec. 25, T. 1 N., R. 25 W. fourth meridian, about a mile 

south of Kimball and 5 miles north of the international boundary.

DRAINAGE AREA. 472 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1913, to September 30, 1915. "From September 4, 

1902, to December 31, 1912, records were obtained at a point one-fourth of a mile 

below the boundary line. The discharge at the two points is practically the 

same.

GAGE. Friez water-stage recorder with a concrete well and shelter on the right 

bank is used during the open- water season; in the winter months a chain gage 

on the highway bridge 2 miles below the station is used. A chain gage on the 

left bank was used at the old station near the boundary line.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable three-fourths mile below the gage; 

low- water measurements are made by wading near the cable section.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. The bed of the stream at the gage and at the control 

N is composed of bowlders and sandstone ledges. The control is formed by an 

outcropping ledge of sandstone; discharge relation is affected by a large gravel 

bar which has formed on the right bank at the control.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water stage recorder, 

4.8 feet at 3 p. m. June 26 (discharge, 2,930 second-feet); minimum stage, from 

chain gage, 4.65 feet February 22 (discharge, 93 second-feet).

1902-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 12.75 feet June 5, 1908 (discharge, 18,000 

second-feet, estimated by comparison with record of station near Babb); minimum stage recorded: February 5, 1914; discharge, 70 second-feet 1 (discharge 

relation affected by ice).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice. Discharge computed 

from discharge measurements and temperature records.

DIVERSIONS. None.

REGULATION. Practically none.

ACCURACY. Rating curve good; results excellent.

COOPERATION. Station is being maintained jointly with the Commissioner of Irrigation of the Department of the Interior of Canada.

i Only-estimates of mean monthly flow are available for the winter periods from 1902 to 1912, mclusive, 

and a lower discharge may have occurred during that time.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 21

Discharge measurements of St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta, during the year ending

Sept. 39, 1915.

Date.

Oct. 1

10

16

Nov. 12

26

Dec. 14

19

21

Feb. 8

8

10

26

27

Mar. 6

15

18

25

29

Apr. 2

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.....'............

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.78

2.80

3.18

2.89

2.30

2.37

5.04

5.46

5.15

5.29

5.29

5.19

4.78

4.88

4.70

5.03

5.28

4.53

1.61

1.88

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

700

700

1,036

791

422

267

181

150

161

120

14P. 112

116

117

109

136

253

141

176

244

Date.

10

21

23

24

10

22

27

11

16

July 12

10

15

16

Aug. 3

6

17

Made by 

V. A. Newhall. ........

.....do.................

.....do.................

V. A. Newhall.. .......

.....do.................

.....do.................

V. A. Newhall. ........

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

V. A. Newhall.........

.....do.................

.....do.................

W. A. Lamb...........

V. A. Newhall.........

height.

Feet. 

1.95

2.86

3.02

3.04

3.06

3.76

4.12

3.50

3.54

4.42

4.21

4.26

3.75

3.67

3.56

3.50

3.38

3.26

3.20

3.05

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

255

788

918

954

890

1,634

2,051

. 1,326

1,390

2,406

2,020

2,233

1,659

1,512

1,380

1 P.WI

1,253

1,150

1,004

CW4

NOTE. Gage heights of measurements from Jan. 1 to Mar. 25 refer to winter gage at highway bridge. 

Gage heights o^other measurements refer to water-stage recorder.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

690

731

752

788

802

780

759

724

717

710

697

671

678

724

832

1,020

1,205

1,255

1,186

1,120

1,056

1,012

969

911

848

810

780

745

724

684

678

Nov.

645

691

795

919

944

1,012

1,012

1,012

927

840

818

780

802

780

780

848

780

731

731

697

671

537

445

435

445

430

405

390

375

171

Dec.

367

362

366

316

310

302

290

277

272

272

273

269

267

267

260

250

239

238

239

235

223

219

221

221

216

207

200

193

188

185

183

Jan.

181

180

182

184

185

186

186

185

183

180

177

169

165

160

157

153

151

150

155

164

166

166

166

165

164

160

158

154

151

149

Feb.

148

146

143

140

137

133

130

126

121

115

110

110

110

111

111

111

111

111

107

102

96

93

95

104

114

116

116

117

Mar.

114

112

108

108

109

110

111

113

117

121

125

129

131

133

150

175

218

253

262

265

260

220

180

142

140

150

160

165

162

191

Apr.

212

240

266

286

306

326

334

348

322

334

318

322

339

388

448

497

543

647

765

890

907

941

932

916

890

890

874

866

890

1,018

May.

1,420

1,637

1,730

1,682

1,626

1,516

1,430

1,549

1,886

2,054

2,126

2,054

2,102

2,215

2,150

1,982

1,826

1,790

1,648

1,505

1,400

1,340

1,270

1,280

1,350

1,360

1,380

1,370

1,390

1,450

1,450

June.

1,461

1,483

2,306

2,397-

2,475

2,475

2,345

2,358

2,280

2,488

2,202

2,078

2,006

2,090

2,163

2,254

2,228

2,475

2,397

2,280

2,163

2,102

2,030

2,042

2,488

2,670

2,605

2,488

2,384

2,306

July.

2,514

2,436

2,514

2,358

2,189

2,078

2,066

2,030

1,982

1,934

1,718

1,615

1,516

1,494

1,430

1,350

1,538

2,054

1,910

1,483

1,310

1,270

1,250

1,240

1,240

1,360"

1,380

1,626

1,549

1,549

1,410

Aug.

1,360

1,300

1,240

1,193

1,155

1,117

1,070

1,060

1,060

1,043

1,018

1,000

1,009

1,043

958

950

932

907

898

1,018

992

907

866

818

795

758

742

742

728

690

682

Sept.

654

780

1,694

1,494

1,250

1,060

966

874

882

O94

858

' 802

780

758

712

654

660

758

890

882

826

742

750

735

720

668

654

634

628

582

NOTE. Discharge determined as follows: Dec. 5-31, from readings on the staff gage at the cable; Jan. 

1 to Mar. 28 (ice present) from chain-gage readings at the highway bridge below the station; estimated 

Nov. 30; Dec. 1; Jan. 2, 10. 17, 24. 25, 29, and 31: Feb. 2; Mar. 7, 9, 14, and 17: Apr. 11; May 16; June 5, 

6,12,19, 26, and 27; July 18 and 19; Aug. 15 and 16; Sept. 4,11, and 12. Well-defined rating curves applicable tram Oct. 1 to Dec. 5, and from Mar. 29 to Sept. 30.
22 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Monthly discharge of St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta, for the year ending Sept. SO,

1915.

[Drainage area, 472 square miles.]

Month.

December. ........................

February .........................

March. ............................

May...............................

July..............................

August ............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,255 

1,012 

367 

186 

148 

265 

1,018 

2,215 

2,670 

2,514 

1,360 

1,694

2,670

Minimum.

671 

375 

183 

149 

93 

108 

212 

1,270 

1,461 

1,240 

682 

582

93

Mean.

841 

702 

256 

168 

117 

157 

575 

1,645 

2,251 

1,722 

969 

842

857

Per 

square 

mile.

1.782 

1.488 

.542 

.356 

.248 

.333 

1.22 

3.49 

4.77 

3.648 

2.053 

1.784

1.82

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

2.05 

1.66 

.62 

.41 

.26 

.38 

1.36 

4.02 

5.32 

4.21 

2.37 

1.99

24.65

Total in

acre-feet.

51, 711 

41, 772 

15, 741 

10, 330 

6,498 

9,654 

34,215 

101, 145 

133,940 

105,882 

59,581 

50,102

620, 571

SWIFTCURRENT CREEK AT MANY GLACIER, MONT.i .

LOCATION. In'sec. 12, T. 35 N., R. 16 W., at outlet of McDennott Lake (PI. Ill) 

at Many Glacier, about 14 miles southwest of Babb, in Teton County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 31.4 square miles (measured on Glacier National Park topographic map).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 6, 1912, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. A vertical staff on left bank at outlet of the lake; read once a day bj 

Oscar Montross.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading at outlet of the lake.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Control is a limestone reef arched upstream at outlet o 

the lake; just below the control is a fall and cataract.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 3.1 feet, May 8 

(discharge, 600 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.75 feet September Ui 

and 15 (discharge, 76 second-feet).

1912-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 4.25 feet May 28, 1913 (discharge, 1,15( 

second-feet); minimum discharge recorded, 10.8 second-feet March 19, 1912, bj 

current meter measurement, prior to installation of gage.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

DIVERSIONS. None.

REGULATION. None.

ACCURACY. Results good.

Discharge measurements of Swiftcurrent Creek at Many Glacier, Mont., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

July 17

Aug. 11

Made by 

B.E.Jones..............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.06

2.14

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

141

160

i Published in previous reports under name "Swiftcurrent Creek at McDermott Lake, Mont."
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 405 PLATE III

McDERMOTT LAKE FROM MANY GLACIER CAMP, MONT.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 23

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Swiftcurrent Creek at Many Glacier, Mont., for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Bay.

1. ..........

2...........

3...........

4...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

9...........

10...........

11...........

12...........

13...........

14...........

15...........

Apr. May.

314

406

550

406

406

454

550

600

406

268

222

222

268

314

314

June.

222

314

360

iflfi

464

V)A

360

314

277

314

245

231

183

277

291

July.

406

360

268

291

268

291

351

314

277

314

277

231

183

191

151

Aug.

177

177

183

183

151

167

177

167

183

151

167

157

138

167

148

Sept.

195

138

245

222

173

167

146

114

116

95

99

92

76

84

76

Day.

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

^i

Apr.

314

268

268

222

222

183

May.

360

314

268

268

268

268

268

183

183

183

222

183

202

291

314

245

June.

360

397

454

351

360

360

360

314

360

337

478

502

383

430

360

July.

151

157

143

151

138

167

191

202

202

183

177

177

195

161

177

Aug.

151

151

138

151

138

151

151

138

141

148

135

141

143

125

114

125

Sept.

99

138

161

202

161

146

125

105

112

94

95

94

84

94

84

NOTE. Discharge determined from rating curve fairly well defined between 84 and 314 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Swiftcurrent Creek at Many Glacier, Mont.,forthe year ending Sept.

SO, 1915.

[Drainage area, 31.4 square miles.)

Month.

April 25-30. ................

May........................

July........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Jittaeimnm.

314 

600 

502 

406 

183 

245

Hfinlmiim,

183 

183 

183 

138 

114 

76

Mean.

246 

314 

346 

224 

153 

125

Per 

square 

mile.

7.83 

10.0 

11.0 

7.13 

4.87 

3.98

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

1.75 

11.53 

12.27

8.22 

5.62 

4.44

Total in 

acre-feet.

2,930 

19,300 

20,600 

13,800 

9,410 

7,440

73,400

Accuracy.

B. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B.

, SWIFTCURRENT CREEK AT SHERBURNE, MONT.i

LOCATION. In sec. 35, T. 36 N., R. 15,W., near the outlet of Lower Sherburne Lake, 

in Teton County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 64.0 square miles (measured on Glacier National Park topographic map).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 1, 1912, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Staff gage on left bank about 300 feet below the spillway of the Sherburne 

Lake dam; read to half tenths once a day by employees of the United States 

Reclamation Service. From July 1, 1912, to November 9, 1914, a vertical Staff 

gage was maintained on the left bank near the outlet of the lake and at datum 

different from that of present gage.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Low-water measurements made by wading; highwater measurements made from a footbridge at the dam.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Stream bed is permanent at the gage and at the control 

below. Both banks are high and will not overflow. An outcropping limestone 

ledge, somewhat broken and irregular, forms the control.

1 Published in previous reports under name of "Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherburne Lake, Mont.'
24 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.6 feet June 26 

(discharge, 816 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.8 feet September 16 (discharge, 90 second-feet).

1912-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 7.8 feet May 28, 1913 (discharge, 1,850 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, December 15, 1912 (discharge estimated 

at 47 second-feet; discharge relation affected by ice). Records do not include 

a large part of the winter flow, when the minimum discharge is somewhat lower.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation not seriously affected by ice except for short 

periods.

DIVERSION. None.

REGUI/ATION. The natural flow of the stream was affected by a temporary dam 

built at the outlet of the lake for purposes of construction in connection with the 

Sherburne Lake storage dam.

ACCURACY. Results apparently good.

Discharge measurements of Swift current Creek at Sherburne, Mont., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Nov. 7

Dec. 16

May 25

Made by 

W. A. Lamb...........

W. A. Lamb...........

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

6.50

2.45

3.21

2.98

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

503

47

387

298

Date.

June 21

July 18

Aug. 11

Made by 

W. A. Lamb...........

B.E.Jones............

Lamb and Hoyt .......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.60

2.65

2.64

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

461

991

222

NOTE. Gage height of measurement of Nov. 7 refers to old gage; backwater from Sherburne Lake dam 

on this date. Gage heights of subsequent measurements refer to new staff gage below the dam.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherburne, Mont., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1.... ........................................

2............................................

3............................................

4............................................

5............................................

6............................................

7............................................

8............................................

9............................................

10............................................

11............................................

12............................................

13............................................

14............................................

15............................................

16............................................

17............................................

18............................................

19............................................

20

21............................................

22............................................

23............................................

24............................................

25............................................

26............................................

27............................................

28............................................

29............................................

30............................................

91

Nov.

288

288

288

288

276

276

276

276

Apr.

i

300

242

242

.210

210

231

276

May.

420

556

656

588

464

351

300

364

556

732

773

656

588

525

464

392

351

325

288

242

220

210

200

231

300

300

351

325

378

231

140

June.

325

378

300

325

392

464

494

464

464

231

351

325

338

378

464

525

621

588

556

494

406

378

406

621

816

773

693

621

588

July.

525

525

494

464

392

378

392

435

435

435

378

325

210

231

231

210

231

210

200

210

231

253

253

264

264

253

253

276

288

276

264

Aug.

9ft4

253

253

264

253

231

231

231

231

231

210

210

210

210

220

210

210

190

190

190

190

190

190

190

155

140

155

155

148

148

Sept.

i t\t\

164

231

288

231

148

155

155

164

155

14ft

140 i<tn

101

90

113

276

312

276

200

155

155

155

140

140

126

126

126

113

NOTE. Discharge Nov. 9-16, 1914, and Apr. 24 to Sept. 30,1915, determined from rating curve well 

defined between 71 and 494 second-feet and poorly defined at other stages.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIF. 25

Monthly discharge ofSwiftcurrmt Creek at Sherburne, Mont., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1915.

Month.

April 24-30........................................

Mav..... ..........................................

Julv...............................................

August ............................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

288 

300 

773 

816 

525 

264 

325

Minimum.

276 

210 

140 

231 

200 

140 

90

Mean.

282 

244 

402 

473 

316 

203 

173

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

4,470 

3,390 

24,700 

28,100 

19,400 

12,500 

10,300

Accuracy.

C. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. From June 1 to June 30 a total of 1,560 acre-feet of water was stored in Sherburne Lake by a temporary construction dam; 134 acre-feet was stored Aug. 25 to Sept. 18, and released during the period Sept. 

18-20:

. OTTERTAIL RIVER AT GERMAN CHURCH, NEAR FERGUS FALLS, MINN.

LOCATION. At highway bridge on south line of sec. 31, T. 134 N., R. 42 W., about 5 

miles upstream from the old station known as " Ottertail River near Fergus Falls " 

and about 8 miles north of Fergus Falls, Ottertail County.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 1,300 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 29, 1913, to September 30, 1915. May 9, 1904, to 

October 22,1913, about 5 miles downstream from the present station. The drainage area at the lower station is only 10 .square miles larger, and no tributaries 

intervene.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to the downstream hand rail near the right bank; read 

once daily, to quarter-tenths, by D. S. Danielson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the downstream side of the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream sand and gravel with some bowlders; rapids 

about 100 feet below the gage from a well-defined control, which is practically 

permanent except for a slight growth of vegetation in the channel at times. Both 

banks at and above the gage are high and will probably never overflow; at the 

control section the land adjacent to the left bank is low and will overflow at a 

stage of about 5 feet.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 2.8 feet July 19 

and 20 (discharge 837 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded by measurement 

made March 30, discharge 250 second-feet; the absolute minimum during year 

probably was about 230 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded, 1914-15: 2.8 feet July 19 and 20, 1915 (discharge 837 

second-feet); minimum discharge during period recorded by measurement made 

February 28, 1914 (discharge 171 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice. Flow estimated from 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and climatic records.

REGULATION; Fluctuations, caused by the operation of a number of dams and small 

mills above the station, are equalized by small lakes through which the river flows 

before reaching the station, so that fluctuations are not observed at the gage.

ACCURACY, rResults apparently excellent. The control is nearly permanent, but 

discharge relation is affected during brief periods by backwater from aquatic 

plants; fluctuation is so gradual that one reading of the gage per day represents 

accurately the mean stage.

Discharge measurements of Ottertail River at German Chwch, near Fergus Falls, Minn., 

dwring the year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Dec. 18a

Jan. 22«

Mar. 30

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.19

3.0

1.55

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

362

277

250

Date.

June 30

Sept. 17&

Made by 

H.T.Critchlow........

o3nl

Feet..

2.64

2.18

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

733

464

Made through complete ice cover. & Small growth of aquatic plants in section.
26 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Ottertail River at Gem/tan Church, near Fergus Falls, 

Minn.,for the years ending Sept. 30, 1914-15.

Day.

1913-14. 

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13. .............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30..............

31..............

1914-15. 

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10. .............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14. ........:....

15..............

16..............

17...... ........

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29. .............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

354

354

354

392

392

392

354

354

354

354

373

373

392

413

413

413

413

413

413

413

413

413

413

434

434

434

434

434

434

414

434

434

434

434

Nov.

354

354

354

362

354

354

354

354

354

354

362

362

362

354

354

354

362

362

362

373

373

373

373

373

373

373

373

373

373

373

434

434

434

434

414

434

434

434

411

413

434

4QA

434

434

434

414

1 407

QQO

QQO

QQQ

406

41^

413

QQO

Dec.

362

1fi9

362

362

362

373

392

171

319

319

304

319

336

336

354

345

336

336

336

Q7O

350

392

QQO

QQO

QQO

QQO

392

QQO

305

Jan.

. 280

243

Feb.

190

335

*

Mar.

J.OU

261

253

ZOO

266

264

262

260

OCQ

260

Apr.

245

237

237

237

249

226

237

94Q

226

237

216

249

249

261

274

237

237

261

249

249

249

226

249

256

256

256

261

266

288

288

261

256

266

283

283

274

274

274

274

274

266

266

274

283

274

274

OCQ

283

974.

274

274

274

294

qi Q

01 Q

01 Q

Q-1Q

QrtA

304

01 Q

May.

288

288

294

294

294

304

304

304

294

294

304

313

313

313

313

319

313

313

313

304

304

304

304

304

319

313

313

313

313

313

319

313

313

347

354

iii

354

354

354

354

354

354

354

070

384

378

Q7Q

373

373

392

392

QQO

392

QQO

ono

QQO

00,1

QQO

392

QQO

392

June.

319

319

326

336

336

326

336

354

362

373

373

362

362

354

354

354

,392

392

392

392

434

392

413

557

557

557

584

557

557

557

392

392

413

413

434

434

392

434

457

480

480

584

584

184

613

642

613

584

584

613

613

613

613

613

642

A19

736

736

704

July.

557

530

530

530

530

557

557

557

557

557

557

530

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

530

530

704

704

704

736

704

736

736

736

769

.769

769

769

769

803

803

803

7AQ

803

837

803

7fiO

769

769

7fiO

769

7fiO

769

769

T^fi

TOC

Aug.

480

480

480

480

480

480

480

480

457

434

434

434

434

434

434

434

434

434

434

434

434

434

457

434

434

434

434

413

413

392

392

736

736

704

704

7O1

704

704

673

673

642

642

fi49

642

fi<19

642

642

fi<19

KQA

>yii

ISA

KQA

584

KQA

584

584

584

584

642

KQA

557

Sept.

373

373

373

373

373

373

373

070

373

373

Q7Q

354

>M Q

41^

413

413

>M Q

392

373 i7i

i7i

373

373

373

373

373

373

373

373 070

557

117

530

530

KQA

cnc

480

480

480

480

480

480

480

480

480

480

480

480

457

4.*V7

434

434

434

434

414

434

434

434

434

AOA

NOTE. Discharge, except as noted below, determined from a rating curve well defined between 237 

and 837 second-feet. July 1 to Oct. 20, 1914, by the indirect method for shifting channel as aquatic 

plants in the channel caused backwater at the gage; Dec. 21,1913, to Mar. 29,1914, Nov. 17-23, and Dec. 

9, 1914, to Mar. 25, 1915, estimated because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and 

weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for period included. Discharge interpolated Dec. 

16,1913, Mar. 31, Apr. 1,3,Oct. 30, Nov. 5-6,13,15, 26, 27, and Dec. 4,1914, Mar. 27-29, 31, May 16, 23,30, 

July 11, Aug. 26, Sept. 9,11,17, 24, and 28,1915.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN.

Monthly discharge o/Ottertail River at German Church,

years ending Sept. 30, 1914-15.

[Drainage area, 1,300 square miles.]

27

Falls, Minn.,forihe

Month.

1913-14.

January. ................................

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

1914-15.

May....................................

July....................................

The year. .........................

Discharge In second-feet.

Maximum.

373'

288 

319 

584 

557 

480 

413

434

313 

392 

736 

837 

736 

557

837

Minimum.

354

2i<5 

288 

319 

505 

392 

354

354

256 

313 

392 

704 

557 

434

Mean.

363 

349 

280 

190 

185 

249 

306 

409 

522 

443 

379

408 

419 

327 

243 

335 

264 

283 

370 

556 

764 

636 

474

423

Per 

square 

mile.

0.279 

.268 

.215 

.146 

.142 

.192 

.235 

.315 

.402 

.341 

.292

0.314 

.322 

.252

.187 

.258 

.203 

.218 

.285 

.428 

.588 

.489 

.365

.325

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.31 

.31 

.25 

.15 

.16 

.21 

.27 

.35 

.46 

.39 

.33

0.36 

.36 

.29

.22 

.27 

.23 

.24 

.33 

.48 

.68 

.56 

.41

4.43

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

B 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.

RED RIVER AT FARGO, N. DAK.

LOCATION. At the dam half a mile above the highway bridge connecting Front 

Street, Fargo, N. Dak., with Moorhead, Minn., 10 miles above mouth of Sheyenne 

River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 6,020 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 27, 1901, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Vertical staff attached to tree on left bank about 6 rods above dam; vertical 

staff for use at low stages attached to piling pier of footbridge at same point, on 

second pier from left bank; datum about 1.16 feet below crest of dam. Prior to 

September 1,1914, the United States Weather Bureau vertical staff attached to the" 

breakwater for the center pier of the Front Street bridge was used, but can not 

be read accurately without a field glass.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the footbridge 8 rods above the'dam; at 

low stage, when the current is too sluggish at that point, the Front Street bridge 

is used.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel consists of clay and silt; shifts slightly. Dam 

below gage forms the control.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during the year, 6.0 feet (15.8 

feet on Front Street gage), July 3 (discharge, 3,110 second-feet); minimum stage 

recorded, 2.55 feet, November 16 (discharge, 346 second-feet).

1901-1915: Maximum stage recorded 29.8 feet March 31, 1907 (discharge, 5,820 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 5.7 feet, November 1, 1910 (discharge, 36 

second-feet).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice from the middle of November to 

the end of March, but control such that open-water rating curve assumed appli-
28 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

cable with small corrections deduced from discharge measurements and records 

of temperature.

REGULATION. The dam, which is a tight overflow weir without sluices, was built 

for the purpose of maintaining a sufficient depth of water for the intake pipe 

of the waterworks, and raises the water about 5 feet at low stage. There is 

no power plant or storage nearer than 60 miles above the station, and the storage 

there is not great enough to affect perceptibly the discharge at the station.

ACCURACY. Records good since September 1, 1914; prior to that date only fair, 

because of the inaccessibility of gage, resulting small errors in observations, and 

changes in rating curve caused by lack of permanence in channel.

Discharge measurements of Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1915.

Date.

Dec. 26

Apr. 14

July 12

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o9.01

«8.90

3.58

4.49

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

394

307

833

1,700

Date.

18

Sept. 24

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.74

3.31

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1 190

l'040

732

o Old gage; river frozen.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

Day.

1.. ..................................

2....................................

3....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9.................................... 10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19.................................... 20........:...........................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Oct.

543

543

KJQ

Zdl

KAV

569

KQK

fiO9

650

A99

KQK

622

KQK

595

KQK

595

KfiQ

Aoo

coo

KQK

KQK

622

Nov.

622

622

622

622

622

595

595

595

595

CQC

Apr.

622

803

1,040

1,270

1,500

1,600

1,920

2.230

2,430

2,020

1,720

1,410

1,230

906

650

650

650

650

650

KQK

Kjq

518

dQ4

dQ4

^1»

543

KAO

622

770

-

May.

770

770

739

708

708

836

836

836

906

906

906

836

836

836

770

708

708

739

708

836

SSfi

803

770

770

770

770

' 770

770

739

770

770

June.

770

708

708

708

708

679

679

679

708

708

770

770

770

1,230

1,600

2,230

2,430

2,620

2,520

2,230

2,120

2,020

2,020

1,860

1,700

1,810

9 4^A

2,430

2,620

July.

2,880

3,110

3,110

3,110

2,710

2,520

2,120

2,120

1,920

1,810

1,810

1,810

1,810

1,710

1 600

1,500

1,600

1,810

2,020

1,920

1,810

1,710

1,600

1

KCA

1,460

1,410

1,360

1

OQA

1,320

1,320

1,230

Aug.

1,230

1,230

1,230

i wn

1,230

1,230

1,140

1.140

1,140

1,140

1,120

1,100

1,060

1 060

1 060

1,060

1,060

1,020

980

QOA

QJO

QJQ

943

osn

980

040

943

906

906

906

906

Sept.

943

Qfua

871

836

836

836

QOfl

803

770

770

770

770

770

OAQ

803

803

803

OAQ

803

770

770

770

739

708

708

708

708

770

770

739

. NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well defined below 1,800 second-feet and 

poorly defined for higher stages; discharge interpolated Apr. 3, 4, and 11; June 25; Aug. 11; and Sept. 

8,10, and 12.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 29 

Monthly discharge of Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Month.

May............ ...................................

July...............................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

650 

622

2,430 

906 

2,620 

3,110 

1.220 

943

3,110

MJDinmin.

543

494 

-708 

679 

1,220 

906 

708

Mean.

583 

532 

410 

340 

310 

390 

1,000 

788 

1,530 

1,900 

1,060 

790

805

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

35,800 

31,700 

25,200 

10,900 

17,200 

24,000 

59,500 

48,500 

91,000 

117,000 

65,200 

46,900

573,000

Accu 

racy.

A. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. Discharge from Nov. 17 to Mar. 31 estimated from Weather Bureau records, two discharge 

measurements, and occasional gage-height observations.

RED RIVER AT GRAND FORKS, N. DAK.

LOCATION. At Northern Pacific Railway bridge between Grand.Forks, N. Dak. 

and East Grand Forks, Minn., about half a mile below mouth of Red Lake River.

DRAIN AGE AREA. 25,000 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 26, 1901, to September 30, 1915; gage-height records 

kept by United States Engineer Corps since 1882, and a few discharge measuremets were made by them in early years.

GAGES. Staff and chain attached to Northern Pacific Railway bridge; same datum. 

As a rule chain gage is read only during periods of exceptionally low water. 

Gage of United States Engineer Corps on bridge breakwater at same place as staff 

gage of United States Geological Survey; datum 5 feet higher.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from Great Northern Railway bridge, about 

one-fifth mile above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Clay and silt; shifts slightly.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 30.8 feet July 3 

(discharge 21,500 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 5.4 feet, October 4 

(discharge 1,030 second-feet; 6.4 feet February 13 discharge, 686 second-feet). 

' 1882-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 50.2 feet April 10, 1897 (discharge, 

43,000 second-feet; minimum stage recorded, 2.6 feet February 10,1912 (discharge, 

100 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. River flows under smooth ice from about middle of November to 

middle of April; flow usually steady with no fluctuations; since 1905 sufficient 

discharge measurements have been made each winter to obtain fairly satisfactory 

summaries. On account of a gentle current and the fact that the river flows 

north into cooler regions the gage reading is usually excessive for a few days or 

weeks when ice breaks up in the spring, and flow must be largely estimated unless 

daily discharge measurements are made; actual measurements when river 

appeared to be open at station have sometimes shown the reading to be 8 feet 

greater than would be necessary for same discharge when the entire river is open.

REGULATION. No dams, other obstructions, or rapids below; channel fairly uniform 

for many miles. At Crookston, 25 miles above on Red Lake River, are nearest 

power plant and reservoir affecting flow; about half the water comes from Red 

Lake River, but storage at Crookston plant is too small to cause perceptible fluctuation at gage. On Red River proper and its tributaries above Grand Forks, 

no important power plants or reservoirs within a hundred miles.

ACCURACT. Winter records are fair; all others good.
30 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PAET V.

Discharge measurements of Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Feb. 20

Apr. 16

Made by 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.65

6.70

U KA

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

a 842

« 754

4,140

Date.

July 15

Made by 

E. F. Chandler.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

9.17

18.06

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

8,380

o River frozen over.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1.. .........................

3. ......................... -

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

0

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Oct.

1,070

1,070

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,070

1,070

1,030

1,110

1,180

1,180

1,260

1,260

1,300

1,300

1,340

1,340

1,380

1,460

1,380

1,340

1,380

1,420

1,420

1,420

1 380

1,420

1,420

1,380

Nov.

1,500

1,420

1,420

1,420

1,420

1,420

1,460

1,380

1,340

1,340

1,340

1,420

1,420

1 QQA

I

QftA

1,260

........

Mar.

1,540

1,670

1,760

1,810

1,900

Apr.

2,150

2,420

2,930

3,700

4,470

5,210

5,840

6,850

7,450

8,650

9,950

8,650

7,070

5,840

5,080

4,400

3,680

3,180

2,820

2 fidfl

2,420

2,200

2,150

2,100

2,000

2,050

2 f5n

2,150

2,150

May.

2,100

2,050

2,150

2,370

2,370

2,370

2,530

2,590

2,590

2,700

2,990

3,180

3,300

3,430

3,560

3,560

3,490

3,810

4,340

4,740

4,600

4,400

4,140

3,880

3,680

3,560

3,300

3,050

2,930

2,820

June.'

2,700

2,590

2,480

2,370

2,260

2,150

2,100

2,100

2,150

2,200

2,260

2,310

2,480

2,700

3,430

4,600

5,910

7,000

7,610

8,080

8,240

8,240

8,080

7,760

7,370

7,150

8,820

19 7nn

16,000

18,600

July.

20,400

21,300

21,500

21,300

20,800

19,100

19, 100

17,700

16,100

14,300

12,500

10,000

9,950

9,160

9,070

9,250

8,990

8,490

7,920

7,300

6,850

6,480

6,200

5,910

5,490

5,140

4,940

4,670

4,400

4,200

3,880

Aug.

3,750

3,680

3,560

3,430

3,300

3,180

2,990

2,870

2,820

2,700

2,590

2,480

2,370

2,260

2,150

2,100

2,100

2,100

2,050

2,000

1,950

1,900

1,850

1,850

1,810

1,810

1,850'

1,810

* 1,760

1,760

Sept.

1,720

1,670

1,670

1,670

1,670

1,630

I

KQrt

1,540

1

Kf\f\

1 %t\e\

1,460

1,500

1,590

1

Kf\f\

1 460

1 enn

1,540

1,670

1,670

1,500

1 vm

1 vm

I

cnn

1,500

1,500

1 vm

1,500

1,460

NOTE. Discharge Mar. 27 to Apr. 4 determined by indirect method; for other periods from a well-defined 

rating curve.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN, 31 

Monthly discharge of Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak. ,for the year ending Sept. 30,1915.

Month.

May...............................................

July...............................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,460 

1,500

9,950 

4,740 

18,600 

21,500 

3,750 

1,720

21,500

Minimum.

1,030

2,000 

2,050 

2,100 

3,880 

1,760 

1,460

Mean.

1,270 

1,350 

1,170 

780 

740 

1,170 

4,150 

3,220 

5,750 

11,000 

2,410 

1,550

2,900

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

77,800 

80,300 

71,700 

48,000 

41,100 

71,800 

247,000 

198,000 

342,000 

679,000 

148,000 

92,200

2,100,000

Accuracy.

B. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. Discharge Nov. 17 to Mar. 26 estimated from discharge measurements, temperature records, 

observer's notes, and occasional gage readings.

WILD BICE RIVER AT TWIN VALLEY, MINN.

LOCATION. In T. 144 N.,*R. 44 W., at highway bridge at Twin Valley, Norman 

County, 2 miles above a small tributary which enters from the right at Heiberg.

DRAIN AGE AREA. 805 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 30, 1909, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Vertical staff gage read twice daily, morning and evening, by Axel Johnson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge, except at extremely low stages 

when they are made by wading below dam.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. One channel at all stages; channel composed of sand and 

silt; no well defined control; right bank high and wooded; left bank will overflow to some extent at stage of 12 feet.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 11.0 feet at 8 a. m. 

June 28, and 8 a. m. June 29 (discharge, 2,250 second-feet); minimum discharge 

estimated at 20 second-feet for the last part of January.

1909-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 20.0 feet at 7 a. m. July 22,1909 (discharge, 

approximately 9,200 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded during open- 

-water periods, 12 second-feet, August 31 and September 1, 1913; minimum discharge measured during winter periods, by current meter, 10 second-feet, February 5, 1912; the absolute minimum was probably less than this amount.

WINTER PLOW. Seriously affected by ice; flow determined from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. Discharge affected by storage created by dams at the lower end of 

Lower Rice Lake, and at the outlet of Twin Lakes.

ACCURACY. Rating curve fairly well defined; condition of channel, fairly permanent; gage-height record reliable; discharge records apparently good.

Discharge measurements of Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Nov. 14

Dec. 27?

Made by <

L. W. Burdick.........

.L... do.. ...............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.29

5*. 97 

7.55

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

120

57 

671

Date.

July 2425&

Made by 

E.F. Chandler.........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.97

6.82

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

553

498

Hade through complete ice cover, & Made by wading one-fourth mile below gage.
32 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PAET V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn.,for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8. .............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25. .............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

119

119

119

119

110

110

110

110

110

124

128

128

128

128

128

119

119

119

119

119

119

119

119

119

128

128

128

138

128

119

110

Nov.

80

74

58

58

58

58

80

110

110

110

102

119

110

119

| 105

100

Dec.

95

i

60

55

Jan.

45

"

25

20

Feb.

25

30

50

Mar.

45

50

80

Apr.

300

686

900

686

358

305

279

199

178

167

157

-140

132

124

163

151

123

119

124

124

147

147

138

147

138

119

May.

114

102

147

151

199

199

292

442

500

560

591

591

560

560

560

«oo

560

500

530

530

 530

500

471

413

385

385

358

358

344

318

305

June.

305

279

279

233

245

279.

292

257

257

279

270

358

591

942

986

900

900

900

900

822

786

752

719

686

654

654

1,520

2,060

2,200

2,060

July.

1,880

1,520

1,250

1,160

1,080

986

986

942

900

860

822

752

719

752

719

686

654

622

622

591

560

622

686

560

500

471

442

442

413

399

385

Aug.

385

385

358

358

331

305

292

279

279

279

279

279

279

257

233

210

199

188

188

188

199

199

199

210

188

188

178

188

188

188

167

Sept.

157

138

110

97

138

110

110

132

128

128

128

143

147

167

167

157

147

151

147

147

147

147

147

128

. 138

138

138

138

147

147

NOTE. Discharge computed as follows: Oct. 1 to Nov. 14, and Apr. 6 to Sept. 30, from a rating curve 

fairly well defined between 50 and 2,200 second-feet; Nov. 15 to Apr. 5 estimated, because of ice from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for 

period included.

Monthly discharge of Wild Rice River at Twin Valley,

Sept. 30, 4915.

[Drainage area, 805 square miles.]

inn., for the year ending

Month.

January..................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

138 

119

900

Minimum.

110

58

119

Mean.

121 

95.9 

69.5 

29.7 

33.9 

59.0 

249

Month.

May.....................

July.....................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

622

2,200 

1,880 

385 

167

2,200

Minimum.

102 

233 

385 

167 

97

Mean.

409 

746 

774 

247 

139

249

RED LAKE RIVER AT THIEF RIVER FALLS, MINN.

LOCATION. In T. 153 N., E. 43 W., one-third mile below the dam at Thief River 

Falls, Pennington County, and about 1 mile below the mouth of Thief Biver 

coming in from the right.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,430 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 2,1909, to September 30,1915.

GAGE. Inclined staff gage located on left bank; read twice daily, morning and evening, to half-tenths by H. W. Hoard.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; nearly permanent.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 33

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum discharge during year estimated at 2,880 

second-feet, June 29; minimum stage recorded during year, 3.28 feet, November 

15 and 16 (discharge, approximately 45 second-feet.)

1909-1915: Maximum discharge recorded, June 9, 1911; discharge, 3,820 sec 

ond-feet; minimum discharge, zero, July 17 and August 27, 1911.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow determined from 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. A short distance above the station is the dam owned by the Hansen & 

Barzen Mill ing Co., and the city lighting plant. The fluctuation on the turbines 

produced by the operation of the lighting plant at night, and of the mill chiefly" 

during the day, cause fluctuations in the river at the gage.

ACCURACY. Results are only fair owing to fluctuations in stage and unreliable gageheight record during parts of the year.

Discharge measurements of Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Nov. 14

Dec. 29«

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

height.

Feet.

4.87

5.74

5.53

6.67

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

507

31.6

282

1,400

Date.

July 23

Aug. 25

Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet.

<> 7Q

4.76

4.84

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

960

506

495

o Made through complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7... ...........

8..............

9._..... .......

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18...............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

3n

31..............

Oct.

290

340

242

258

306

323

323

323

412

431

401

393

393

412

412

431

JQI

412

431

412

538

538

538

560

472

431

538

472

494

472

Nov.

560

538

494

538

538

494

472

515

452

472

431

323

45

45

7t

Dec.

320

220

Jan.

' 215

Feb.

370

Mar.

570

450

Apr.

710

560

4Q4

452

431

QQQ

coo

538

582

740

7QA

7QA

940

Q4H

995

940

995

Q4H

890

790

718

628

582

582

538

May.

538

560

628

650

718

740

650

790

790

7QA

790

840

890

765

740

765

790

790

790

840

890

890

840

890

840

790

718

June.

718

695

628

582

582

582

560

560

582

628

605

740

1,050

1,330

1,360

1,360

1,360

1,360

1,230

1,230

1,110

1,110

1,170

1,110

1,110

1,110

12,400

July.

1,280

Aug.

530

538

538

494

494

538

452

375

452

452

452

412

452

452

375

375

452

Sept.

O.1A

o^A

452

452

412

375

34ft

306

323

375

393

412

452

494

582

538

560

538

515

494

515

538

515

494

494

494

472

452

NOTE. Discharge computed as follows: Oct. 1 to Nov. 17, Apr. 6 to June 26, and Aug. 15 to Sept. 30, from 

a rating curve fairly well defined between 47 amd 2,960 second-feet; Nov. 18 to Apr. 5 estimated, because of 

ice, from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. From June 27 to Aug. 14 gage 

was read by a substitute observer who apparently recorded the gage heights 1 foot too large; gage heights 

for this period (except Aug. 10-14, for which discharge was estimated) were reduced before rating curve 

was applied. Braced figures show mean discharge for period included.

47878° WSP 40& 17 3
34

Monthly du

SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PAET V.

re of Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn., for the year ending 

Sept. SO, 1915.

[Drainage area, 3,430 square miles.]

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

560 

560

995

Minimum.

242 

45

393

Mean.

415 

269 

275 

215 

370 

524 

708

Month.

May....................

July.....................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

890

582

Minimum.

538 

560

375 

306

45

Mean.

762 

1,140 

1,280 

491

445

575

RED LAKE RIVER AT CROOKSTON, MINN.

LOCATION. At New Sampson's addition highway bridge in Crookston, Minn., less than 

quarter of a mile below the dam and power house of the Crookston Waterworks, 

. Power & Light Co.'s plant. No tributaries enter for several miles.

DRAINAGE AREA. 5,320 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 19, 1901, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder, on right abutment of bridge, 

installed in September, 1911, replacing chain gage which was attached to bridge 

July 1, 1909. Datum of both gages maintained the same. Prior to July 1, 1909, 

the gage was on the old Sampson's addition bridge about 20 rods above present 

gage; this gage read the same as the present one%t ordinary stages.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. No well-defined control; flow confined to one channel at 

all stages; slightly shifting.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year from water-stage recorder, 

14.25 feet on June 29 (discharge, 8,160 second-feet); minimum stage, 3.4 feet 

October 4 (discharge, 344 second-feet).

1901-1915: Maximum stage recorded 20.97 feet April 5, 1906 (discharge 

14,200 second-feet); a flow of 10 second-feet was recorded by discharge measurement made January 27, 1912; the flow is controlled to such an extent that the 

minimum recorded discharge has no beajing on the minimum natural flow.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow determined from 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. See note under 

"Winter flow" in Water-Supply Paper 325, p. 43.

REGULATION. Considerable diurnal fluctuation at the gage is caused by the operation 

of the power plant immediately above the station. This plant has little storage, 

so that the mean monthly flow should represent nearly the natural flow.

ACCURACY. Channel not permanent; rating curve poorly defined; gage-height record good; results only fair.

Discharge measurements of Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Oct. 17

Nov. 13 

Jan. 2o

Feb. 9a

Made by 

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

.....do..................

A

Feet.

4

91

3.98 

4.68

5.17

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

707

610 

314

339

Date.

July 2 

24

Made by 

.....do........ .......... 

E. F. Chandler.........

height.

Feet. 

7.62

12.28 

6.19

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,660

6,280 

1,750

o Made through complete ice cover.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 35

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

97

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

491

440

491

382

4&fl

cnft

Cflfi

560

660

580

580

440

460

520

KAf\

ron

540

KA(\

f>4fl

580

520

700

660

660

620

660

620

580

620

620

Nov.

620

700

660

*7nn

580

745

580

700

660

620

540

620

535

Dec.

550

475

380

Jan.

400

405

350

Feb.

380

520

460

Mar.

480

510

630

Apr.

I QfiA

1,380

1,560*

1 QPi{\

2 9in

2,410

2 980

2^410

1,950

1,760

1,560

1 QSft

1 260

1*200

i I4fl

Qqr

835

7Qfl

790

7Qfl

7Qfl

QQC

QQK

985

935

790

May.

QOK

o0.*.

935

935 0°.*.

QQK

QOC

QQC

QOC

i run

1,040

1

A4.A

1,090

i 9fin

1 380

1,760

2,410

2,550

2 OCA

2,020

1,760

1,500

I CAT)

1,560

i snft

1 440

1*380

1,320

1,140 i AOA

June.

QQK

790

745

935

QQK

885

OCR

935

1,040

1,440

2,020

2 480

2 ant)

2 Son

9 S2Q.A,

o CQA

2 fion

2,620

2

ecft

2,410

2,280

2 Q.4A

4,980

7,520

7 860

7^440

July.

7,020

5,910

4,890

4,550

4,150

S

oon

3,430

3,120

3,050

2 onn

2 tion

2 con

2 con

O KKA

2,480

2

00A

2,140

2 i4n

2,140

2,140

1 nen

1,690

1,620

1,560

t CAft

1,380

1,380

1,040

1 J 260

Aug.

1 140 l' 200

l'(»0

1 '985 040

885

ost;

835

885

660

cAn

520

580

580

540

540

580

540

520

580

620

580

620

KQA

520

520

540

480

Sept.

540

cnfl

660

540

roft

660

700

660

660

620

790

660

580

580

480

Cflfl

620

660

660

580

dft(\

Ken

can

560

620

con

620

620

560

NOTE. Discharge determined from a fairly well defined rating curve. Discharge Nov. 16 to Apr. 3 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, discharge measurements, observer's notes, and climatic recordsBraced figures show mean discharge for period included.

Monthly discharge of Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1915.

Month.

April...............

Discharge in secondfeet.

Maximum.

700

2,980

Minimum.

344

Mean.

546 

604 

465 

384 

453 

545 

1,330

Accuracy.

B. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

C.

Month.

May...............

July...............

The year......

Discharge in secondfeet.

Maximum.

2,550 

7,860 

7,020 

1,200 

790

7,860

Minimum.

835 

745 

1,040 

480 

460

Mean.

1,340 

2,380 

2,980 

712 

600

1,030

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

THIEF KIVER NEAR THIEF RIVER FALLS, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 3, T. 154 N., B. 43 W., at the Drybrooke Ford, Pennington 

County, 6 miles north of Thief River Falls. Nearest tributary, outlet of Mud 

Lake, enters in the northeastern part of T. 156 N., B. 42 W.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,010 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 1, 1909, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage installed August 26, 1915, attached to a cantilever timber fastened 

to a tree on right bank; inclined staff gage installed September 4, 1913, to replace 

old inclined staff gage, which was set at incorrect gage datum; was used until 

August 26, 1915. Gage read twice daily, morning and evening, by T. H. Risteigen. See Water-Supply Paper No. 325, page 45, for history of old gage.
36 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from steel highway bridge 60 rods below the 

gage; at low stages made by wading near the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Heavy gravel and bowlders; nearly permanent; one channel at all stages; both banks high and will not overflow.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.66 feet at 6 p. m. 

June 30 (discharge, 1,920 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during openwater periods, 4.38 feet at 7 p. m. September 17 (discharge, 25 second-feet).

1909-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 10.68 feet, July 19, 1909 (discharge, 1,970 

second-feet); no flow past the gage during October, November, and December, 

1910; January, February, and December, 1911; January and February, 1912.

REGULATION. Dam at Thief River Falls, at the mouth of Thief River, backs up the 

water in Thief River for several miles, but station is protected by rapids below 

from influence of dam.

ACCURACY. Results fair during open-water periods.

Discharge measurements of Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

T)OP 2Sffl

Feb. 60

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.56

4.46

6.83

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6640

586

Date.

July 22

Sept. 18

Made by 

E.F. Chandler.........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.08

4.56

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

An

« Made through complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30

31..............

Oct.

48

31

59

55

52

56

56

59

73

77

75

82

92

95

97

117

97

90

90

90

88

97

108

120

144

139

144

139

132

112

124

Nov.

127

129

122

110

115

129

122

58

53

75

86

74

Dec.

[ go

65

Jan.

42

Feb.

33

Mar.

59

Apr.

196

208

394

990

1,060

990

850

675

538

232

171

171

160

158

128

106

76

60

60

84

112

118

130

140

153

153

160

160

May.

147

134

130

116

112

126

151

173

189

282

322

269

256

640

572

409

336

322

269

208

196

184

171

164

June.

149

147

134

124

178

220

220

208

208

208

208

220

538

780

640

606

606

572

538

505

505

424

364

336

336

1,340

1,830

1 660

1

QAA

July.

1,860

1,830

1,550

1,100

1 060

955

850

572

472

394

336

308

295

295

336

lad

350

OQC

336

qCM

364

282

269

oca

256

244

OOO

184

Aug.

171

164

162

160

151

136

122

116

112

106

101

97

92

82

76

78»q

69

63

60

57

55

63

73

89

97

32

qe

qe

35

37

Sept.

36

35

34

32

on

30

00

31

30

29

28

28

28

28

97

97

26

37

VJ

35

34

34

34q-j

qo

qo

38

qc

07

qn

NOTE. Discharge, except as noted below, determined from fairly well denned rating curves. Nov. 12 

to Mar. 31 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, discharge measurements, and climatic records. 

Braced figures show mean discharge for periods included.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 37

Monthly discharge of Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn.,for ihe year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

Month.

April..............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

144

1,060

Minimum.

31

60

Mean.

91.5 

84.4 

62.6 

42 

33 

59 

293

Accuracy.

B. 

D.

B.

Month.

July...............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

640 

1,900 

1,860 

171 

39

1,900

Minimum.

112 

124 

184 

27 

26

Mean.

247 

550 

545 

88.0 

32.4

178

Accuracy.

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C.

CLEARWATER RIVER AT RED LAKE FALLS, MINN.

LOCATION. In T. 151 N., R. 44 W., at Great Northern Railway bridge at Red Lake 

Falls, Red Lake County, about 1J miles above the mouth, and 2 miles below 

the nearest tributary, a stream coming in from the left.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,310 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 18, 1909, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Combination vertical and inclined staff gage, installed September 12, 1911, 

about half a mile downstream from the original gage; set to read 2.23 feet when 

the original gage read 5.83 feet; read twice daily, morning and evening, to tenths, 

by Leo Steinert. The new gage was placed on account of the building of a dam 

which caused several feet of backwater at the old section.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. During medium and high stages made from the Great 

Northern Railway bridge; at low stages by wading about 300 feet below the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Smooth sand and gravel channel; nearly permanent; two 

channels at low stages, uniting at high stages; both banks high, wooded, and not 

subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.9 feet June 29 

(discharge approximately 3,320 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded by 

discharge measurement made December 30 (discharge, 35 second-feet).

1909-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 6.9 feet June 29, 1915 (discharge approximately 3,320 second.-f eet); minimum discharge, July 4, 1911, estimated at 20 

second-feet.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow determined from 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. At low stages the flow is affected by the Steinert dam, 40 rods above 

the gage. The storage at this plant is small, and only a slight diurnal fluctuation 

is observed at the gage.

ACCURACY. Rating curve well defined; gage-height records reliable; channel fairly 

permanent. Results good for open-water periods; approximate for winter poriod.

Discharge measurements of Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Dec. 30«

Feb. 8«

Made by 

.....do................. 

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

3.97

4.87 

4.44

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

35

57 

1,130

Date.

Aug. 24

27

Made by 

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

2.38

2.19

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

122

62

a Made through complete ice cover.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

142

142

142

142

142

142

142

154

167

196

196

196

196

196

196

196

196

196

167

167

167

167

182

196

196

196

196

196

196

196

196

Nov.

196

196

196

196

196

196

196

196

196

196

196

196

196

167

93

85

85

85

85

85

93

110

100

Dec.

70

45

Jan.

50

Feb.

50

Mar.

60

Apr.

510

1,520

1,610

1,610

1,700

1,700

1,700

1,700

1.340

556

352

307

286

266

266

266

266

229

229

229

229

266

266

266

266

266

May.

266

266

266

286

307

330

400

425

450

450

502

476

450

450

450

612

860

930

828

670

670

584

529

556

502

502

502

502

450

425

400

June.

400

352

307

286

266

266

248

229

229

229

266

400

502

730

828

1,080

1,250

1,160

1,160

1,120

1,080

1,040

968

930

930

930

2,690

3,230

3,320

3,230

July.

2,870

2,690

2,510

2,510

2,330

2,330

2,150

2,150

2,060

1,840

1,610

1,430

1,430

1,610

1,430

1,250

1.080

930

895

860

795

762

700

641

612

556

556

502

502

450

376

Aug.

352

352

352

286

248

229

196

196

167

167

131

120

142

120

120

120

120

101

101

101

85

93

101

101

110

120

101

101

101

85

93

Sept.

101

101

85

78

72

72

72

78

85

101

101

101

101

110

120

120

120

120

110

110

110

101

101

101

101

101

101

101

101

120

NOTE. Discharge determined as follows: Oct. 1 to Nov. 22 and Apr. 6 to Sept. 30, from a rating curve 

well denned between 72 and 1,200 second-feet; Nov. 23 to Apr. 5 estimated, because of ice. from discharge 

measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for period 

included.

Monthly discharge of Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 1,310 square miles.]

Month.

April.....................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

196 

196

1,700

Minimum.

142 

85

229

Mean.

177 

141 

57.1 

50.0 

50.0 

60.0 

675

Month.

May.....................

July.....................

The year. ..........

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

930 

3,320 

2,870 

352 

120

3,320

Minimum.

266 

229 

376

85 

72

........

Mean.

493 

989 

1,370 

155 

99.9

361

PEMBINA RIVER AT NECHE, N. DAE.

LOCATION. At highway bridge 20 rods east of Great Northern Railway bridge twothirds of a mile north of Neche, N. Dak.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,940 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 29, 1903, to September 30, 1915, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Vertical staff bolted to the concrete abutment at the north end of the railway 

bridge. At low stages this gage is sometimes not reached by the water, and 

readings are then made on sections of vertical staff attached to the abutment and 

piling at the north end of the highway bridge.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the highway bridge; at very low stages 

made by wading at some section below the Great Northern dam.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 39

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel consists of clay and silt; slightly shifting; control, 

loose rock dam about one-third mile below gage.

EXTREME OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.0 feet, April 8 

(discharge, 154 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 3.1 feet, August 13 (discharge, 5 second-feet).

1903-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 20.9 feet May 2,1904 (discharge, 3,870 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.3 feet September 15, 1911 (discharge, 

1.0 second-foot).

WINTER PLOW. The ordinary winter discharge is less than the leakage through the 

loose-rock dam and estimates can not be made from gage observations without 

numerous discharge measurements. Approximate estimates of winter flow are 

made from observers' notes and temperature records by comparison with stations 

on other streams.

REGULATION. The water is raised at low stages from 1 to 2 feet at the gage by a looserock dam about 3 feet high, one-third mile below, constructed to give sufficient 

depth of water for the intake of the Great Northern Railway water tank. There 

is considerable leakage through the dam, but no permanent determination of the 

effect of the dam can be made because it is liable to be somewhat disturbed at 

its crest by ice run or spring floods in any year. There are no reservoirs or power 

plants that affect the flow.

ACCURACY. Records only fair this year on account of the varying effect of the dam 

at low stages and the large percentage error in low-stage discharge caused by small 

errors in gage-height observations.

The following discharge measurements were made by E. F. Chandler: July 20: 

Gage height 3.87 feet; discharge, 24.2 second-feet; September 6: Gage height 

2.79 feet; discharge, 1.9 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..........:...

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

29

29

22

17

17

22

22

22

22

29

29

29

38

38

38

38

38

38

38

38

38

38

38

38

38

38

38

28

29

29

29

Nov.

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

22

22

22

22

22

22

16

Dec.

9

Jan.

6

Feb.

5

Mar.

9

Apr.

2525'

29

34

48

70

154

154

135

117

84

29

29

29

29

29

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

May.

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

29

29

June.

29

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

29

29

29

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

July.

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

19

10

19

19

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

Aug.

16

16

13

11

11

9

9

9

7

5

5

5

5

5

7

7

7

7

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

Sept.

9

9

9

9

6

9

9

g

9

9

11

11

11

13

13

16

16

19

19

22

22

22

NOTE. Discharge determined as follows: Oct. 1 to Nov. 14 and Apr. 11 to Sept. 30 from two poorly 

defined rating curves; Apr. 1-10, estimated from observer's notes and by Indirect method; Nov. 16 to Mar. 

31, estimated, because of ice, from observer's notes, weather records, and flow of adjacent streams. Braced 

figures show mean discharge for period included.
40 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Monthly discharge o/Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak., for the year ending Sept. 30,1915.

Month.

July...............................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

38 

29

154 

29 

29 

22 

16 

22

Minimum.

17

25 

25 

22 

16 

5 

9

Mean.

31.7 

21.1

9 

6 

5 

9 

45.7 

25.3 

24.6 

20.3 

8.7 

11.9

ia2

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

1,950 

1,260 

553 

369 

278 

553 

2,720 

1,560 

1,470 

1,250 

535 

708

13,200

Accuracy.

C. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C.

MOUSE RIVER AT MINOT, N. DAK.

LOCATION. At the Anne Street footbridge, northeast of the Great Northern Eailway 

roundhouse, at Minot, N. Dak.

DRAINAGE AREA. 8,400 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 5, 1903, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Vertical staff attached to pier nearest left bank of Anne Street footbridge. 

From 1903 until December, 1909, the gage was a vertical staff similarly placed 

on a footbridge then existing, which was about 20 rods above the Anne Street 

bridge. Both gages had the same datum.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the Anne Street bridge at medium and 

high stages. At low stages made by wading some rods below the dam at the 

Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie Railway water tank.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Clay and silt; slightly shifting.

EXTREME OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.9 feet June 26 

(discharge, 41 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 3.65 feet October 18 (discharge, 1.4 second-feet).

1903-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 21.9 feet April 20, 1904 (discharge, 12,000 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.8 feet February 28, 1913 (discharge, 0.1 

second-foot).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation slightly affected by ice; flow eatimated from dis 

charge measurements, observer's notes, and records of temperature.

REGULATION. A dam 4 feet high at the Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie 

Railway tank, 1 mile below, raises the water at gage about 3 feet at ordinary low 

stage. The dam being designed merely to give enough depth of water for the 

intake-pipe suction, has no sluices., but it is not absolutely tight. When the 

discharge is less than about 5 second-feet, the water level falls below the crest of 

the dam.

ACCURACY. Results good for medium stages; for low stages errors of large percentage 

in the results may be due to small errors made by the gage observer or to changes 

in the amount of leakage through the dam, but the total error for a low-stage period 

is but a few second-feet.

Discharge measurements of Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak., during the year ending Sept,

Oft 1Q1 K OU, 4.JJ-O.

Date.

Feb. 4

Mar. 6

Made by 

E.F. Chandler.........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet,.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2.0

2.5

Date.

July 9

Sept. 11

Made by 

E.F. Chandler.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.60

4.21

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

16.8

3.2
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 41

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak., for the year ending Sept30, 1915.

Day.

1...... ......................................

2............................................

3............................................

4............................................

5............................................

6............................................

7............................................

8............................................

9............................................

10............................................

11............................................

12............................................

13............................................

14............................................

15............................................

16............................................

17............................................

18............................................

19............................................

20............................................

21............................................

22............................................

23............................................

24............................................

25............................................

26............................................

27............................................

28............................................

29............................................

30............................................ q-i

Oct.

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

Nov.

1.8

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.5

2.5

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.5

3.5

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.5

3.5

Apr.

8

14

17

20

23

27

27

27

23

23

23

20

20

20

20

17

17

17

17

17

17

20

20

23

23

27

27

27

23

23

May.

27

27

23

23

20

20

20

20

20

20

23

20

20

20

23

23

20

20

23

23

20

17

17

14

14

14

14

17

17

17

17

June.

17

17

20

23

31

31

31

27

27

23

23

23

23

20

20

20

20

12

12

14

14

14

12

12

12

41

31

17

14

17

July.

14

14

17

17

17

17

14

12

17

17

17

14

14

14

14

14

12

14

14

14

17

17

14

14

14

14

17

17

14

14

14

Aug.

17

17

17

17

17

14

14

14

14

14

14

14

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

10

10

10

10

10

10

8

8

, 8

8

8

8

Sept.

8.0

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

8/0

8.0

8.0

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

8,0

8.0

NOTE. Discharge determined from two curves well denned below 20 second-feet and poorly defined for 

higher stages, applicable Oct. 1 to Nov. 30, and Apr. 1 to Sept. 30.

Monthly discharge of Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak., for the year ending Sept. 30,1915.

Month.

February. .........................................

May...............................................

July...............................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1.8 

3.8

27 

27 

41 

17 

17 

8

41

Minimum.

1.4

1.8

8 

14.5 

12 

12 

8 

6.5

Mean.

1.6

2.87 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

3.0 

20.9 

19.8 

20.6 

14.9 

12.1 

7.05

8.9

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

98 

171 

61 

61 

56 

184 

1,240 

1,220 

1,230 

916 

744 

420

6,400

Accuracy.

C. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

D.

NOTE Discharge Dec. 1 to Mar. 31 estimated from discharge measurements and occasional gage-height 

observations and temperature records.

EVAPORATION GAGE AT UNIVERSITY, N. DAK.i

The evaporation gage at University, N. Dak., was established April 17, 1905, on a 

pool in a; ravine called English Coulee, which runs through the campus of the University of North Dakota, immediately west of Grand Forks, N. Dak., and 2 miles west 

of the Minnesota boundary.

i For complete description of this station and records of evaporation, rainfall, and temperature for 1905 

to 1908, see U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 245, pp. 64-67,1910.
42 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

The records at this station were continued during the year ending September 30, 

1915, daily observations being made October 1 to November 11, 1914, and April 10 to 

September 30, 1915. The gage was protected from disturbance and the records of 

observations are reliable.

The coulee drains about 60 square miles of very level prairie. Except for brief 

freshets the flow in the coulee is small, varying from 1 second-foot or less to 20 secondfeet. In very dry weather the water lies in pools with scarcely any perceptible flow.

A heavy galvanized-iron tank, 3 feet square and 18 inches deep, is placed in the 

center of an anchored raft, so that the water in the tank is at the same level as the water 

surface outside. The tank is filled nearly to the top, to a height precisely marked 

by the pointed tip of a vertical rod in the center of the tank. Once each day, after 

the change produced by evaporation or rainfall, the water level is restored to the 

original height, the precise amount of water transferred being measured with a cup of 

such size that one cupful of water is equivalent to 0.01 inch depth in the tank.

On the open prairie about 40 rods distant is a standard rain gage. On days of 

rainfall the difference (which is usually small) between the quantity measured by 

the rain gage and the surplus in the tank is considered the total evaporation for the day.

Observations were made usually about half an hour before sunset. The temperature 

of the water recorded is the observation of the water in the tank; as the tank is made.of 

metal, it has been found that at that time of the day there is rarely a perceptible 

difference in temperature reading between the water within and without the tank. 

The temperature of the air as recorded is the mean of the readings of the standard 

self-recording maximum and the self-recording minimum thermometers for the 

preceding 24 hours.

The following table shows for each 10-day period during the year ending September 

30, 1915, the gross evaporation, the total rainfall, and the mean temperatures for the 

10 observations of the water and of the air. 

Evaporation observations at University, N. Dak., for year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Oct. 1-10........

11-20........

21-31........

Nov. 1-11........

Apr. 10-20........

21-30........

May 1-10........

11-20........

21-31. .......

11-20........

21-30........

Evaporation.

Inches. 

1.21

.82 

.86

.39 

1.66 

1.30

1.01 

1.22 

1.71

1.17 

1.02 

1.49

Rainfall.

Inches. 

0.66 

.09 

1.05

.20 

.02 

.89

.66 

2.66 

.04

1.46 

2.77 

3.11

Mean temperature (° F.).

Water.

63 

50 

46

37 

53 

57

52 

58 

53

53 

49

57

Air.

61 

50 

44

38 

51 

53

47 

51 

56

56 

53 

63

Date.

July 1-10... .. 

11-20... .. 

21-31... ..

Aug. 1-10... .. 

11-20... .. 

21-31... ..

Sept. 1-10... .. 

11-20... .. 

21-30... ..

Evaporation.

Inches. 

1.52 

1.83 

1.67

1.54 

1.58 

1.68

1.27 

1.38 

1.23

Rainfall.

Inches. 

0.81 

1.15 

.29

.00 

.00 

.07

.41 

.41

.75

Mean temperature (° F.).

Water.

54 

55 

60

59 

61

54

62 

46 

43

Air.

60 

66 

64

66 

68 

60

67 

52 

50

RAINY LAKE AT RANIER, MINN.

LOCATION. At foot of Rainy Lake at Ranier, Koochiching County.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1910, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Haskel water-stage recorder and vertical staff gage; read once daily; installed 

December 5, 1913, on protecting crib above Canadian Northern Railway bridge 

by the Canadian Department of Public Works. From August 19,1911, to December 5, 1913, staff gage attached to foot of Ranier wharf. Prior to the latter date 

gage heights were read at the upper gage of the Minnesota & Ontario Power Co.,
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 43

just above the dam at International Falls, 2 miles below Ranier. Comparative 

readings taken on the two gages during 1911 indicate a slope of 0.50 foot between 

the two points, and to make the records comparable, the readings of the Minnesota 

& Ontario gage were reduced by 488.50. Recent studies by Mr. Adolph F. Meyer, 

consulting engineer of the International Joint Commission, indicate that the 

actual slope between the two gages varied from 0.3 to 1.2 feet during the period 

January 1, 1910, and August 18, 1911, so that the readings on the gage of the 

Minnesota & Ontario Power Co. should have been reduced by an amount ranging 

from 488.70 to 487.80, instead of 488.50 feet. Gage heights January 1, 1910, to 

August 18, 1911, published in Water-Supply Papers 285 and 305, are therefore in 

error as referred to the correct datum by an unknown amount varying from 

+0.2 to -0.7 feet. The gages at Ranier were maintained at the following elevations:

Feet. 

Aug. 19, 1911, to Sept. 30, 1912.......................... 489.00

Sept. 21, 1912, to Oct. 9*, 1912........................... 488.77

Oct. 15, 1912, to Dec. 4, 1913............................ 489.25

Dec. 5, 1913, to Sept. 30, 1915............................ 488.00

The records have all been reduced to the original datum, 489.00. 

On June 1, 1915, a new gage was installed by the Canadian Department of 

Public Works at the plant of the Northern Construction Co., about 3 miles across 

the lake from Ranier; and from simultaneous readings it has been determined 

that the water surface is lower at the present Ranier gage than at the Northern 

Construction Co. gage by an amount varying from 0.57 of a foot at a stage of 2 

feet, to 0.05 of a foot at a stage of 7 feet.

The records at this station, by indicating the change in water level, show the 

gain or loss in storage due to control of the flow at International Falls dam, and 

when used in connection with the records of flow of the Rainy at International 

Falls are of value in determining the natural run-off.

EXTREMES op STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.65 feet October 11 and 

18; minimum stage recorded, 1.15 feet, April 15.

1910-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 8.47 feet July 14, 1913; minimum stage 

recorded, 0.85 foot March 22, 1911.

REGULATION. The stage of Rainy Lake is controlled at the dam and power plant of 

the Minnesota & Ontario Power Co., at International Falls, 2 miles below the 

outlet of the lake, water being stored during periods of high run-off and drawn off 

during periods of low run-off.

COOPERATION. Gages are owned and maintained by the Canadian Department of 

Public Works.
44 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Rainy Lake at Ranier, Minn.,for the year ending Sept. 30,

1915.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............. 

30..............

31..............

Oct.

7.60

7.54

7.58

7.60

7.60 

7.60

7.60

7.60

7.60

7.68

7.65

7.60

7.55

7.60

7.60

7.57

7.60

7.65

7.60

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.60

7.60

7.60

7.45

7.40

7.40

7.40 

7.40

7.40

Nov.

7.50

7.40

7.30

7.23

7.28 

7.25

7.18

7.28

7.18

7.09

7.09

7.10

7.05

7.00

7.05

6.88

6.90

6.90

6.85

6.81

6.70

6.85

6.75

6.65

6.65

6.75

6.55

6.65

6.70 

6.00

Dec.

6.45

6.45

6.45

6.40

6.40 

6.40

6.40

6.30

6.25

6.20

6.20

6.10

6.10

6.05

6.00

6.00

6.00

5.90

5.90

5.90

5.85

5.85

5.85

5.88

5.90

5.90

5.85

5.70

5.70 

5.65

5.60

Jan.

5.55

5.50

5.60

5.55

5.40 

5.40

5.30

5.25

5.20

5.30

5.20

5.10

5.05

5.00

4.95

4.90

4.80

4.75

4.75

4.70

4.70

4.65

4.60

4.60

4.50

4.45

4.40

4 go

4.30 

4.25

4.20

Feb.

4.15

4.20

4.15

4.10

4.05 

4.00

4.00

3.95

3-90

3.87

3.85

3.80

3.80

3.80

3.70

3.60

3.65

3.60

3.50

3.45

3.40

3.32

3.35

3.30

3.20

3.15

3.15

3.15

Mar.

3.10

3.00

2.97

2.90

2.85 

2.80

3.00

2.75

2.70

2.65

2.60

2.55

2.50

2.70

2.40

2.35

2.40

2.40

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.10

2.15

2.05

1.85

1.85

1.74

1.95

1.80 

1.65

1.60

Apr.

1.56

1.58

1.38

1.79

1.37 

1.30

1.40

1.35

1.22

1.30

1.68

1.36

1.30

1.20

1.15

1.16

1.20

1.70

1.35

1.29

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.85

1.90

1.50

1.50

1.30

1.58 

1.56

May.

1.90

1.75

1.70

1.60

1.58 

1.59

1.60

2.20

2.10

1.80

1.75

1.78

1.78

1.80

2.38

2.10

2.10

2.05

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.40

2.20

2.60

2.26

2.40

2.40

2.35

2.60 

2.50

2.69

June.

2.50

2.50

2.55

2.60

2.62 

2.55

2.65

2.70

2.75

2.80

2.88

3.15

3.27

3.40

3.50

3.70

3.76

3.85

3.95

4.00

3.90

4.20

4.27

4.37

4.50

4.60

4.80

4.95

5.01 

5.15

July.

5.30

5.36

5.45

5.50

5.55

5.60

5.65

5.70

5.76

5.83

5.82

5.95

6.05

6.04

6.05

6.15

6.20

6.22

6.25

6.30

6.39

6.50

6.53

6.60

6.63

6.63

6.65

6.61 

6.65

6.68

Aug.

6.75

6.77

6.80

6.75

6.75 

6.75

7.00

6.92

6.82

6.85

6.'85

6.85

6.75

6.80

7.00

6.95

6.92

6.92

6.95

6.95

6.95

6.95

6.80

6.90

6.95

6.92

6.90

7.00

6.97 

6.95

6.97

Sept.

6.98

6.97

6.90

6.94

7.05 

7.10

7.02

7.02

7.04

6.95

7.00

7.05

7.05

6.90

6.93

6.93

6.90

6.94

7.00

7.00

6.97

6.90

6.93

7 00

6.95

7.15

7.05

7 00

7.00 

7 00

NOTE. Gage heights referred to the same datum as those previously published in water-supply papers 

containing records for this drainage basin.

RAINY RIVER AT INTERNATIONAL FALLS, MINN.

LOCATION. At the steamboat dock half a mile below the International Falls in 

Kooehiehing County, 3 miles below the outlet of Rainy Lake.

DRAINAGE AREA. 14,600 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 1, 1907, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Stevens continuous water-stage recorder installed September 15, 1913, by the 

engineers of the Canadian Department of Public Works; the well being attached 

to the steam boat dock. A vertical staff gage installed April 20, 1911, by the 

United States Geological Survey, is attached to a piling supporting the dock, 

downstream side near outer corner. This gage was read twice daily from April 

20,1911, to September 15,1913, after which date it was used as reference by which 

the water-stage recorder was set, thus making the datum to which records from 

the two gages were referred identical. From March 1,1907, to April 20,1911, the 

Minnesota & Ontario Power Co., furnished readings from a vertical staff gage 

located just below the dam, first on the American side but later on the Canadian 

side. The zero of the gage of the United States Geological Survey is 460.99 

feet above that of the power company's gage, when the slope of the river between 

the two points, determined at gage height 2.65 feet, is considered.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a boat in the vicinity of the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel near gage is largely solid rock; permanent. The 

control which is probably a long distance downstream (perhaps at Manitou 

Rapids 37 miles below) is subject to frequent obstructions from log jams. Backwater at gage is also caused by flood stages of Little Fork and Big Fork rivers. On
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 45

account of the above conditions no estimates of flow are made from the gage heights 

for the current year.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum mean daily discharge recorded during year, 

11,200 second-feet, December 9; minimum mean daily discharge recorded, 1,220 

second-feet, December 26.

1907-1915. Maximum discharge recorded, 18,100 second-feet September 23 

to 28, 1907; minimum discharge recorded, 431 second-feet April 21, 1909.

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; estimates of flow as 

determined from power-house records furnished by Canadian department of 

public works.

REGULATION. Since the dam and power house of the Minnesota & Ontario Power 

Co. have been in operation, practically no water has passed over the crest, the 

entire flow of the river going through the turbines and sluice gates. The plant 

is run on a 24-hour basis, so that with the exception of the Sunday flow the discharge is fairly uniform. It is, in fact, much more uniform than the natural 

flow, use being made of the storage capacity of Rainy Lake, which has an area 

of approximately 344 square miles and a range in stage of about 7 feet.

ACCURACY. During the past two years backwater haa been so frequently indicated 

by discharge measurements that no attempt has been made to estimate discharge 

from the gage heights. The gage heights are however believed to be excellent.

COOPERATION. Estimates of flow through the power house and results of discharge 

measurements are furnished by the Canadian Department of Public Works, 

which maintains the recording gage.

Discharge measurements of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn., in 1913-1915.

Date.

1913. 

July 25

Aug. 8

9

Oct. 10

12

1914. 

Oct. 7

1915.

Jan. 20

Feb. 10

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.17

4.78

5.00

3.60

3.78

4.61

4.91

4.31

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

al3,600

olO,000

a 10, 100

6,260

5,640

10,400

10,200

7,700

Date.

1915. 

Feb. 20

Mar. 11

Apr. 22

26

29 

tn

July 3

17

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.96

i 11

3.61

4 71

3.81

5.16

7.06

7.78

6.06 

4.26

3.16

3.21

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

8,170

7,550

8,080

8,630

7,230

8,200

6,160 

6,070

6,360 

8,890

7,630

7,690

a Discharge relation affected by backwater.

NOTE. Discharge measurements in 1913 made by the International Joint Commission, Adolpb F. Meyer, 

consulting engineer. Results of measurements in 1914 and 1915 were furnished by the Canadian Department of Public Works, and a correction of 460.99 feet was applied to the gage heights of these measurements to reduce them to the datum of the United States Geological Survey gage. Additional discharge 

measurements made in 1913 and 1914 published in Water-Supply Papers 355 and 385.
46 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Daily gage height, infect, of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn.,for the year ending

Sept. 80, 1915.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9.............. 

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

zi.. ............

22..............

23...... ........

24..............

25..............

26.............. 

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

5.0

5.0

4.8

3.8

3.6

4.6

a Q

4.8 

4.9

4.0

3 9

K n

5.2

5.0

5.0

5.0

3 ft

3.8

5.0

5.1

5.1

5.2

5.0

4.0

4.2 

5.1

5.2

5.3

5.2

5.2

Nov.

4.1

4.0

5.0

5.2

5.2

5.1

5.1

3

1

3.8 

5.0

5.1

5.0

4 9

4.7

3.9

3.8

4.8

5.1

5.6

5.9

6.0

5.3

5.0

5.8

5.7

5.6 

5.1

4.6

- 3.2

Dec.

4.9

5.1

5.0

4 9

4.8

4.2

3.3

4.6

4.8 

5.0

5.1

c q

4

c

4

c

5.4

5.7

5.6

C C

5.5

4.5

3.8

5.4

5.6

C Q

3.8

1.6

2.4

4.1

5.2

5.9

5.9

Jan.

5.8

5.8

4.6

4.3

5.5

5.5

5.5

5

C

5.5 

4.5

4.1

5 9

5.3

5.3

5.1

5.1

5.0

4.7

5.1

5.1

c q

5.4

5.5

5.2

5.3

5.6 

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.6

5.0

Feb.

4.1

4.9

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.5

3.8

3

C

4.5 

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.3

4.1

3.8

4.2

4.2

a 9

4.3

4.2

3.6

2.9

3.8

3 9

3.8

3.7 

3.8

3.5

Mar.

3.1

3.7

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.8

2.8

2.4

3.6 

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.4

2.5

2.4

3.2

3.1

9 Q

3.3

3.4

2.4

2.4

3.1

3.1

3.4

3.8 

3.6

3.0

2.2

3.3

3.3

Apr.

3.2

3.2 3.2

2.5

2.6

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.5 

3.6

2.6

2.5

3.3

3.7

3.8

3.9

4.0

2.9

2.4

3.6

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.3

2.2

2.7 

3.6

4.1

4.0

4.0

May.

3.4

3.2

3.3

3.5

3.7

3.6

3.7

3.1

2.7 

3.5

4.5

4.8

4.9

4.8

4.1

3.7

4.3

5.1

5.9

6.2

6.1

5.1

4.4

3.9

3.7

4.0 

3.7

3.8

3.0

2.6

2.4

June.

2.5

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.3

3.4

3.6 

3.8

3.9

4.2

4.9

6.5

7.6

7.8

7.9

8.1

8.0

7.3

6.6

6.1

5.5

5.3

5.2

5.2 

5.4

6.4

7.2

7.9

July.

7.7

7.1

6.3

5.7

4.8

4.8

5.6

5.5

5.2 

4.9

4.6

4.5

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.5

3.8

4.2

3.8

4.3

4.2

4.2

3.9

3.8

4.0

4.2 

4.4

4.5

4.5

4.7

4.7

Aug.

4.4

3.6

4.4

4.6

4.7

4.4

4.4

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.5

4.5

4.3

3.8

3.9

4.0

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.6

3.8

3.9

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.5

3.2

3.4

Sept.

3.3

3.3

3.6

3.9

2.7

1.2

2.3

3.4

3.5 

3.5

3.5

3.3

2.8

3.3

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.7

2.7

2.9

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.8

4.0

2.8 

2.7

3.4

3.6

3.8

NOTE. Discharge relation affected by backwater a large part of the time; see "Accuracy" in station 

description. Gage heights taken from recording gage sheet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn.,for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

I..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

13..............

14..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

21..............

99

23..............

24..............

9K

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

on

31..............

Oct.

10,000

7 200

8,650

10,400

10,600

10,500

10,500

7,640

8,830

10,500

10,000

9 fifift

9,680

7,460

10,500

10,500

11,000

10,400

7 000

9,000

10 600 lo'soo

10,800

10,700

Nov.

7 600

8,940

10,800

10,800

10,800

10,800

10,800

9,170

10,800

10,800

10 800

10,500

9,950

7,780

8,960

10,300

10,800

11,100

10,700

11,100

8,190

9

1 on

11,100

10 900

10,900

9,420

8,320

8,170

Dec.

in nan

11,100

in nnn

7,460

8,270

10,700

11 200

in Qftn

8,680

9

qin

10,200

9 90ft.

9,920

9 990

6,910

7,830

9 120

9

qiA

3,450

1,220

3 71 A

8,320

10,400

10,000

Jan.

10,100

ift °.n.ft

6,610

9 030

10,500

10,100

10,300 in 4ftft

6,980

8,640

10 400

10 300

9 fifift

9 560

9 180

8^220

9

Cflfl

9,540

9

Clft

8,880

7 940

8,710

8,810

8,560

9 090

9 200

7,530

Feb.

7 1W1

8,290

8,180

8 9Qft

8

non

8,280

6,790

7 190

8,240

8 OCA

8,360

8

-10 A

7 7f*ft

6,860

6

AKf\

8,210

8,400

7,960

7 160

8,440

8,420

S

Oflfl

8,000

7 790

7 con

.......

Mar.

6,660

8,370

8,300

8,310

5,760

6,620

7 350

7,560

7 460

6 ftftn

6,370

7 34fl

7,110-

7,380

7 440

6,470

6,330

7 OCA

7 9QA

7 fiftft

S

ftfln

S

oon

6,830

6

7OA

8

oqn

7,990

Apr.

7,780

7,650

7,440

6,760

6,810

8 080

7*760

8,090

7,870

7,520

5

4AA

6,310

7

XA(\

8,090

8,070

8 1 ^f\

5,680

6,610

8,120

8,180

8,180

6,440

5 49ft

7

CKA

8

9Qn

8

C7A

Q 90A

8 240

May.

7,410

7,460

8,270

7,970

8,210

6,940

5,160

8,140

c QJn

93 580

9 580

9

flAA

7,730

o nOA

8

-iqn

7 ^.fift

8 980

^710

8,680

6 74ft

7,190

S

Oftft

o qi A

7,820

7 Qfift

6,910

5,800

June.

7 200

7,260

7,310

7 280

7,710

7,360

7,850

7,780

7,770

8,340

7 920

6,850

7,550

6,470

6

4. eft

6,800

7,320

7 ftAft

7 Q°.ft

7,670

7

C7A

8,030

7 QCft

6

fyi/\

6 640

6,340

July.

6,160

6,170

7,070

7,810

6,080

7,630

S

oon

7,970

fi *\XJ\

8,610

8,910

8,470

7,810

8,720

7,770

9 050

0 AOft

8,610

7 OCA

8,830

8

q?A

8

*7QA

S

een

9,530

9 600

9

QQA

9,970

Aug.

9,180

7 Q4fi

9,920

10.100

10,200

9 7dft

9,590

9

qiA

o ncn

9 34ft

9 720

9*710

9 690

9 AQft

8,910

8

nqn

8/440

8,450

8 480

fi 4fift

8

AAf\

8

07A

8,010

8,450

S

OOft

8

OAA

7 930

7 18ft

7 000

7,540

Sept.

7,470

7 440

8,020

8 7sn

6,450

3 4Qrt

6,040

7 840

7 800

7,740

7,770

7 37A

6,670

7,520

7 7(SA

7

QQA

8 91ft

7 090

8

9nn

8,070

8,140

8 QAn

8

Q*2(\

6,020

6,940

8,040

8

OAA

8,550

NOTE. Discharge records furnished by D. W. Jamieson, hydraulic engineer, Department of Public 

Works, Canada; computed from power-house records.
HUDSO^T BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 47

Monthly discharge of Rainy Rivdr at International Falls, Minn., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Month.

April... ..................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

11,000 

11,100 

11,200 

10,500 

8,440 

8,370 

8,570

Minimum.

7,003 

7,603 

1,220 

6, 610 

6, 330 

5, 760 

5,403

Mean.

9,790 

9,930 

8,990 

9,250 

7,760 

7,360 

7,500

Month.

July......................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

9,600 

8,340 

9,990 

10, 200 

8,860

11,200

Minimum.

5,160 

6,320 

6,080 

7,000 

3,490

1,220

Mean.

7,800 

7,340 

8,330 

8,750 

7,510

8,370

NOTE. Computed by engineers of United States Geological Survey from records furnished by Canadian 

Department of Public Works.

KAWISHIWI RIVER NEAR WINTON, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 20, T. 62 N., R. 11 W., in a pond above the lower dam of the St. 

Croix Lumber Co., at Kawishiwi Falls, 500 feet above Fall Lake, 3,000 feet below 

Garden Lake, near the western line of Lake County, 2J miles east of Winton, 

St. Louis County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,200 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 21, 1905, to June 30, 1907; and October 14, 1912, to 

September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder installed the last part of September, 1912, by 

the International Joint Commission, in cooperation with the U. S. Geological 

Survey, at a point just above right end of dam; well was attached to timbers which 

were bolted to the vertical rock wall of the right bank of the river; staff gage 

used as a control of the recording gage was also attached to one of these timbers. 

The gage shelter was supported by timbers which were bolted to the horizontal portion of the rock wall above all possible high water. On May 27,1913, the Stevens 

was replaced by a Friez water-stage recorder. During the high water of June, 1914, 

the well, together with the float and weight, were carried away by logs. At this 

time a concrete well was intalled by the International Joint Commission a little 

below the dam and outside the river channel, and connected with the pool above 

the dam by a pipe through the dam. The gage was repaired and again put in 

operation about July 1,1914. Both water-stage recorders refer to the same datum.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable about 1,000 feet above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. At the gage the river consists of a small deep pool formed 

by a timber dam without openings which constitutes the control of the gage and 

is permanent unless the dam is destroyed or alterations are made in the crest. 

About 200 feet above the dam is a decided falls. The channel does not overflow 

in the vicinity of the gage. At the measuring section the bed of the stream is 

rock and bowlders and rather rough; the water is very swift except at low stages.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum mean daily discharge recorded during year,

3,760 second-feet June 20; minimum mean daily discharge, 51 second-feet April 29.

1905-1907 and 1912-1915: Maximum discharge recorded, 5,250 second-feet June

5, 1907; minimum discharge, zero August 24, 25, 30, 31, and September 1, 1905;

August 6, 8, 1906; and April 23, 24, and 26, 1907.

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation not seriously affected by ice; open-channel rating 

curve assumed applicable. The operation of the water-stage recorder is affected 

by ice, and the flow from December to March, which, during this part of the year 

is very constant, is computed from one reading of the staff gage weekly.
48 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

REGULATION. The St. Oroix Lumber Co. has a dam at the outlet of Garden Lake 

for controlling the level of water in that lake and for storing water to be used in 

driving logs over the stretch of rapids between Garden and Fall lakes. This 

dam is capable of holding the water in Garden Lake about 7 or 8 feet above its 

natural level at low water before water will flow over the gates. When the water 

in Garden Lake is held at a high stage, the elevation of water is considerably 

higher in Farm Lake, and it is understood that the elevation of the surface of 

White Iron Lake is somewhat affected by the stage of Garden Lake. During the 

log-driving season, April to November, the water in Garden Lake is held to the 

elevation of the top of the gates practically all the time. In November some of 

the gates are opened so that the lake is drawn down to low-water stage and remains 

so until spring. The St. Oroix Lumber Co. has a dam at the outlet of Birch Lake 

which controls its elevation and is capable of holding the water about 5 feet above 

low water. This dam is left open during the winter and until the high water of 

the spring break-up has passed. It is then closed and the lake held as high as 

possible during the summer. There are a number of low dams in Stony River 

used for sluicing logs off rapids, but these have no storage of importance back of 

them. Large volumes of water are allowed to pass through the sluices of the 

dam at the outlet of Garden Lake for a few hours at a time at regular interval 

when desired to drive logs from Garden Lake to Fall Lake. At other times gates 

are closed so that there is only a slight flow caused by leakage through the dam. 

At other times some of the gates are partly opened to allow sufficient water to 

pass so that it will not flow over the crest of the dam.

ACCURACY. The records for 1905-1907 were obtained by estimating the flow through 

the sluice ways of the logging dam at outlet of Garden Lake and are probably not 

better than fair. The records for the period 1912-1915 are considered good. 

The control is permanent; the water-stage recorder enables the accurate determination of mean daily gage heights for the portion of the year when there are violent 

fluctuations due to regulation of the flow in the interest of log driving. The 

discharge is computed from a well-defined rating table.

COOPERATION. Records from 1905-1907 furnished by the Minnesota Canal & Power 

Co. For acknowledgment of cooperation with the International Joint Commission in collecting records 1912-1915, see page 14.

Discharge measurements ofKawishiwi River near Winton, Minn., during the years ending

Sept. 30, 1913-1915.

Date.

1912-13.

14

14

15

Apr. 29 

30

Sept. 12

13

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

9 Q1

.72

3.69

4 no

3.63

.62

89

2.32

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

818

1,770

2,880

1,700 

81

163

810

Date.

1913-14.

1914-15.

Sept. 23o

Made by 

S. B. Soule"... ..........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.21

.. 1.23

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

i Logs lodged on crest of dam which constitutes control for gage: one large log lay lengthwise of the crest 

and obstructed the flow almost entirely from that portion of the crest.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN. 49

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kawishiwi River near Winton, Minn., for the years 

ending Sept. 30, 1905-1907 and 1913-1915.

Day.

1905. 

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4. .............

5..............

6..............

7..............

9

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

Day.

1905-6. 

4. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct

3,42

3,2*

2,89

1,45

1,89

2,65

2,12

1,33

i;36

1,76

2,33

1,71

1,34

1,08,

93

84,

77

73

77

82

88

96

1,08

1 10

1,15

1,21

1,?6

1,718

1,36

1,?,6

1 713

J

<i

\

H

S

R

n<?

(11

8

t»

1

1

T.

4

1

5

4

5

n

7

4

3

c»

8

0

8

5

8

une.

Nov

1,23

1,21

1,21

1 15,

1,13

1,13

1.101

i;o&

1,06

1,06

1 03

97851

88

90

92

92

92

82

fi*

67

70

90

1,?8

1 18

1,13

1,10

1,08

1,06

1 OR

J

1

7

7

1

a

3

3

3

a

3

7

7

7

3

S

1

0

S

\

4

^

3

n

n

n

?, n

8

8

8

8

8

n

9

1

n

3

8

5

4

S

0

uly.

,693

,650

,070

,900

,192

,192

,766

,131

,737

,736

,459

,985

,818

,562

,088

Dec

1,08,

1 08,

1,1V

1,10

1,1»

1,15,

1,15

1,15 i, is

1,15

1,15

1 18

V, 15

1,15

1,15

1,09

1,07

1,07

1,07 i;<w

1,02

1,02

1,02

99

97

95

93

93

91

88

8»

^

7

7

1

7

1

1

a

7

(

t

i

?

*

s

^

^

4

R

8

8

8

8

8

5

8

8

8

H

n

n

n

n

4

4

4

8

5

1

1

1

0

0

Uig.

,330

,34?,

,645

,050

,613

,877

,018

,901

,693

,118

,550

,840

,315

846

7103

Jan

85

83

83

83

81

78,

76

73

73

73

71

69

69

67

66

661

661

64

64

62

62

60

60

57

57

57

56

54

54

54

R

7

7

7

0

^

[)

1

1

1

^

5

5

6

n

n

0

?, ?,i

i

0

n

q

9

9

0

0

0

0

3

Sept.

0

228

910

988

1,180

1,134

1,159

2,286

2,200

1,302

1,400

1,897

2,534

2,650

2,294

Feb.

506

506

523

506

506

506

491

491

474

474

474

474

458

458

435

435

435

416

416

400

400

400

400

380

380

360

360

360

16....

17....

18....

19....

20....

21.....

22. ...

23....

24....

95

26....

27. ...

28....

29....

3n

31....

Mar.

360

360

360

360

360

360

345

345

345

345

345

330

330

330

330

330

330

320

315

315

315

300

300

300

300

300

300

o on

Day.

Apr.

276

289

289

289

300

300

315

315

330

330

345

360

416

474

506

579

660

760

856

931

1,024

1,158

1,265

1,491

1,730

2,389

1 654

2,307

2,580

May.

1,682

1,840

1,836

1,889

1,930

2,105

2,650

2,057

2,172

2,880

2,706

2, 150

2,370

1,795

1,836

2,057

2,913

3,087

3,212

3,055

2,987

3,091

3,113

3,005

2,634

2,605

2,605

2,559

June.

1,340

1,960

1,994

2,237

2,174

1,082

2,903

2,921

2,000

June.

2,585

2,920

2,444

2,353

2,911

3,146

3,146

3,096

3,074

3,020

3,094

3,327

2,764

3,144

2,685

2,843

3,070

2,846

2,940

2,378

2,830

2,062

1,344

2,259

2,387

2,251

2,623

3,232

1,870

2,050

July.

3,370

3,097

422

1,800

3,243

2,422

887

1,025

1,878

2,000

2,300

July.

2,276

1,152

1,095

1,005

1,860

830

880

920

930

950

962

985

1,050

1,275

985

950

1,546

830

810

830

840

840

830

800

745

740

710

1,422

585

1,181

455

Aug.

1,172

2,605

1,887

1,606

1,406

1,288

738

0

0

130

ft99

492

0

0

Aug.

455

1,150

214

750

524

0

795

0

848

1,275

1,070

830

780

708

702

525

550

600

560

523

523

523

523

523

523

506

491

474

458

435

Sept.

2,008

193

QCrt

2,435

2,387

2,353

2,332

2,656

3,426

3,426

3,554

3 71Q

3,719

3

CQf

Sept.

400

360

400

400

400

380

380

416

435

435

435

416

400

400

360

345

330

315

300

289

289

276

276

263

300

289

300

289

276

276

47878° WSF 405 17-
50 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kawishiwi River near Winton, Minn.,for the years 

ending Sept. 30, 1905-1907 and 1913-1915 Continued.

Day.

1906-7. 

1...........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6... ........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24... ........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Day.

1912-13. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

250 

346

559 

608 

478 

460 

583

.. 440

276 

250

440 

358

122

105

Nov.

930

747

304 

40

98 

283 

205 

302 

512

465 

414 

382 

352 

327

Oct.

276 

276 

276 

263 

250

263 

276 

276 

300 

330

330 

330 

330 

315 

300

300

289 

289 

276 

289

300 

330 

330 

330 

330

330 

330 

345 

360 

380 

400

Dec.

. 314

310 

302 

9on

. 278

270 

. 262

. 235

235

235

235 

235

235 

226 

. 216

. 214

211

. 208

206 

203

200 

197 

196 

195 

194

193

192 

191 

190

189 

188

Nov.

400 

400 

416 

416 

400

400 

400 

416 

435 

435

435 

491 

540 

592 

680

783 

931 

975 

998 

998

975 

931 

910

837 

783

783 

760 

731 

695 

676

Jan.

186 

185 

184 

182 

180

177 

174 

172 

170 

168

165 

163 

163 

163 

163

163 

163 

163 

163 

162

162 

161 

160 

159 

158

157 

156 

154 

153 

152 

151

Dec.

660 

642 

621 

600 

579

579 

579 

540 

523 

506

506 

491 

474 

474 

474

474 

474 

474 

435 

435

458 

416 

400 

400 

400

380 

360 

360 

360 

360 

360

Feb.

150 

148 

146 

145 

144

143 

142 

140 

139 

139

138 

137 

136 

135 

134

133 

133 

133 

133 

133

133 

133 

133 

133 

133

133 

133 

133

Jan.

345 

345 

330 

330 

330

330 

330 

330 

315 

315

315 

315 

300 

300 

300

300 

300 

300 

300 

289

289 

289 

289 

289 

289

276 

276 

276 

276 

263 

263

Mar.

133 

133 

133 

132 

131

130

129 

128 

127 

127

127 

127 

127 

127 

127

127 

128 

129 

130 

131

132 

133 

133 

134 

134

135 

136 

137 

138 

139 

141

Feb.

263 

263 

263 

263 

250

250 

250 

250 

250 

250

235 

235 

235 

235 

222

222 

222 

222 

222 

210

210 

210 

210 

210 

200

200 

200 

200

Apr.

143 

147 

149 

153 

155

157

159 

161 

163 

165

167 

169 

170 

220 

306

339 

369 

400 

432 

465

546 

630 

703 

854 

1,050

1,210 

1,410 

1,580 

1,750 

1,270

Mar.

200 

210 

210 

210 

210

210 

210 

210 

200 

200

200 

200 

200 

200 

200

200 

200 

200 

190 

190

190 

190 

190 

200 

200

210 

210 

222 

222 

210 

222

May.

2,400 

2,360 

2,340 

2,360 

2,180

1,630 

1,030 

1,210 

920 

975

133 

133 

332

854 

1,600

2,230 

2,680 

1,860 

1,910 

2,380

2,930 

2,610 

2,070 

1,920 

2,580

2,980 

3,190 

2,890 

2,650 

2,420 

2,180

Apr.

222 

235 

235 

250 

263

276 

276 

276 

289 

300

315 

330 

330 

345 

345

380 

380 

380 

380 

400

400 

415 

0 

0 

951

0 

880 

837 

731 

621

June.

1,950 

1,710 

1,480 

1,110

88

504 

?,380 

2,840 

3,380 

3,170

3,190 

3,040 

3,210 

3,220 

3,190

2,460 

2,130 

2,960 

2,120 

1,990

2,960 

2,240 

1,840 

2,630 

2,000

2,740 

2,140 

2,120 

2,010 

1,980

May.

540 

506 

491 

458 

435

416 

305

50 

59 

56

552 

836 

1,265 

1,341 

1,366

983 

80 

81 

1,329 

2,214

2,270 

2,400 

1,100 

2,390 

1,677

3,716 

3,810 

4,120 

4,415 

4,710 

4,760

July.

905 

1,030 

1,040 

1,060 

1,060

1,060 

1,050 

305 

1,340 

736

940 

1,040 

989 

1,380 

1,050

1,300 

1^020 

536 

736 

738

736 

820 

906 

742 

1,110

1,490 

1,440 

1,730 

1,790 

1,640 

1.020

Aug.

390 

590 

600 

125 

127

289 

347 

610 

130 

130

494 

541 

530 

130 

541

130 

133 

555 

381 

136

474 

571 

182 

381 

554

353 

652 

120 

364 

378 

133

June.

5,000 

5,200 

5,250 

5,200 

5,100

4,900 

4,710 

4,550 

4,350 

4,130

4,000 

.3,375 

3,700 

3,440

2,947

2,983 

3,245 

2,900 

2,695 

1,327

1,600 

2,600 

3,810 

3,700 

3,475

3,320 

1,669 

990 

970 

529

Sept.

304 

441

794 

227 

256

445 

'163 

272 

816 

239

333

464 

393 

326 

670

157 

157 

157 

652 

317

154 

157 

301 

807 

262

266 

322 

163 

621 

382
HUDSON BAY DKAINAGE BASIN. 51

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kawishiwi River near Winton, Minn.,for the years 

ending Sept. 30, 1905-1907 and 1913-1915 Continued.

Day.

1913-14. 

1.. ............

3...... ........

4..............

5..............

6..............

7. .............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

1914-15. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19. .............

20. ---..........

21..............

22..............

23. .............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29. .............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

382

387

487

365

625

387

729

262

436

655

648

823

638

938

1,100

1,110

1,010

1,490

1,490

1,470

1,340

1,230

1,260

1,570

1,490

1,680

1,000

1,540

1,520

1,500

880

1,480

1,620

495

725

7W

736

736

1,490

665

453

792

714

829

485

1,090

381

692

687

687

682

676

564

531

662

635

630

524

142

406

906

Nov.

QW

1,050

1,040

908

817

817

817

817

1 360

1,310

1,270

1,220

1,190

1,140

1,130

1,110

1,080

868

171

585

590

590

347

145

148

148

148

492

747

242

7Qd

615

610

600

595

590

600

600

595

585

580

575

824

2,020

1,590

I

oOA

1,120

956

817

709

615

440

274

235

197

163

163

163

163

Dec.

747

749

736

730

720

714

703

698

687

682

676

671

661

650

645

640

630

625

620

610

580

561

541

522

503

484

470

455

446

437

428

197

197

197

197

1Q7

197

197

197

197

235

235

235

235

235

235

235

235

235

Oqe

93*1

235

91 Z

235

235

235

oqe

235

235

235

235

235

Jan.

423

418

409

400

396

0Q1

382

374

369

365

OKfi

356

356

356

356

356

356

356

356

356

356

ISft

356

OPUS

356

350

344

338

332

326

320

235

235

235

235

235

235

235

235

235

235

232

230

227

224

221

219

216

216

216

216

216

216

216

216

216

216

216

216

216

216

Feb.

314

311

308

306

303

qnn

9O7

294

292

289

286

283

280

977

274

272

9AQ

266

263

260

OC7

254

252

250

247

941

242

OQQ

214

910

211

210

208

207

205

204

203

201

200

199

198

1Q7

197

197

1Q7

197

1Q7

197

197

197

197

Mar.

235

70

15

15

15

15

60

163

60

15

70

247

243

9QQ

235

231

9O1

231

227

997

997

997

227

224

216

216

212

201

197

197

IQd

v 192

187

178

168

163

165

168

170

173

175

177

180

180

180

180

180

180

180

180

179

177

176

174

171

170

170

170

170

Apr.

190 190'

190

190

187

187

187

187

183

183

183

180

180

141

48

49

51

290

345

97Q

947

258

274

178

73

71

75

623

960

879

170

170

170

170

169

168

167

166

165

164

163

1fi4

166

167

169

170

3,000

92

87

82

77

72

67

62

57

17

57

53

51

53

May.

996

1,120

1,180

1,130

1,250

1,730

2

4QA

2,830

2,900

3,690

3 Q7ft

3,680

3,740

3,490

3,190

2,920

2

C7A

2,630

2,460

2

9QA

2 640

2,400

2

AQA

1,460

2,120

1,950

2,020

2,250

2,700

2 Qqn

55

55

V7

59

CQ

62

62

64

66

66

68

68

71

986

276

689

dffi

380

QAO

1,790

1,960

1,580

1,320

1,430

937

1,080

June.

2,610

2,520

3,800

4,480

3,870

3,870

3,870

2,910

2,520

2,520

2,240

1,150

1,130

1,520

1,200

2,140

2,180

2,000

1,200

1,130

1,860

1,130

2,520

2,020

1,480

1,590

1,360

666

1,490

1,400

1,100

658

1,180

1,370

862

1,440

2,020

2,040

2,030

2,790

3,100

3,170

3,500

3,760

3,620

3,170

2,910

3,160

3,060

3 540

3,390

2,800

2,580

2,690

July.

2,000

1 Iftft,

1,390

2,000

2,020

2

AAA

1,320

1 360

l'7lO

2

QQA

2 QCA

1,120

860

810

930

1,490

857

703

720

759

1,320

1,440

2,570

2,710

2,570

1,820

1,710

2,210

2,200

1,800

1,990

1,940

2,310

1,510

1,440

2,260

1,950

2,730

2,760

2,580

1 230

914

1,830

1,100

919

1,110

1,690

1,180

1,280

1,090

1,160

1,190

538

Aug.

1,640

1,720

1,100

841

271

502

868

337

176

515

696

805

823

829

836

805

784

811

799

979

170

414

330

817

1,050

981

866

1,130

854

972

1,440

640

517

556

386

665

435

1,020

972

947

425

324

326

278

276

275

338

366

264

83

825

774

690

1,410

922

687

1,040

758

728

166

136

139

Sept.

667

Q9d

918

965

931

1,020

976

977

792

981

743

770

776

898

1,030

1,100

737

964

782

675

805

805

1,110

1,330

785

1,340

698

1,270

656

793

323

645

1,300

1,500

1,220

993

1,020

997

201

313

470

448

423

351

170

163

166

525

186

689

186

186

780

227

943

80

NOTE. Records for 1905-1907 obtained by estimating the flow through the five sluiceways of the logging 

dam at the outlet of Garden Lake, which are closed by tainter gates. The coefficient for each sluiceway 

was obtained by a current meter. The estimates of daily flow for these years do not include leakage, 

which is estimated as follows: July, 1905, 43 second-feet; August, 1905.62 second-feet; September, 1905,40 

second-feet; October, 1905, 7.5 second-feet; and August, 1906,27 second-feet.

Discharge Oct. 14, 1912, to Sept. 30, 1915, computed from a rating curve well defined below 3,000 

second-feet. Discharge for periods of rapid fluctuations in stage caused by logging operations determined 

from hourly gage heights taken from recording gage records; discharge during remainder of year determined from mean daily gage heights. Discharge partly estimated on the following days: May 28-June 2,

1913, June 14,18,1914, and June 12,1915.

Record Oct. 14,1912, to Dec. 31,1914, is the same as that published in report of Consulting Engineers. 

International Joint Commission, Lake of the Woods Levels, pp. 276-277, except that only three significant 

figures are here used.
52 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Kawishiwi River near Winton, Minn., for the years ending Sept. SO,

1905-1907 and 1913-1915.

[Drainage area, 1,200 square miles.]

Month.

1905.

July...............

1905-6.

December

May...............

July...............

1906-7.

March.............

April..............

May...............

1912-13.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,920 

4,130 

3,020 

3,790

3,430 

1,290 

1,180 

856 

506 

35D 

2,580 

3,110 

3,330 

2,280 

1,280

435

400 

998 

660 

345 

263 

222 

951 

4,760 

5,250

314

Minimum.

1,080 

422 

62 

40

734 

629 

880 

523 

360 

289 

276 

1,680 

1,340 

455

263

250 

400 

360 

263 

200 

190

50 

529

188

Mean.

2,050 

2,510 

1,480 

2,130

1,500 

1,020 

1,060 

672 

444 

326 

902 

2,480 

2,670 

1,010 

615 

348

309 

655 

478 

303 

234 

204 

364 

1,490 

3,550

227

Accuracy.

B.

Month.

1912-13 Contd.

April.............. 

May...............

July...............

1913-14.

November 2-30....

February..........

April..............

May...............

1914-15.

February........ -.

July...............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

186 

150 

141 

1,750 

3,190 

3,380 

1,790 

652 

816

1,680 

1,360 

747 

423 

314 

247 

960 

3,970 

1,720 

1,340

1,620 

2,020 

235 

235 

214 

192 

3,000 

3,760 

2,760 

1,410

Minimum.

151 

133 

127 

143 

133 

88 

305 

120 

154

262 

145 

428 

320 

239 

15 

48 

996 

170 

656

142 

163 

197 

216 

197 

163 

51 

658 

538 

83

Mean.

166 

137 

131 

520 

1,930 

2,290 

1,060 

357 

367

968 

807 

613 

364 

276 

167 

241 

2,410 

789 

907

733 

645 

224 

224 

201 

176 

218 

2,260 

1,750 

560

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A.

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. The maximum and minimum discharge recorded in above table for the years 1905-1907 do not 

include leakage. Leakage during the months of July, August, September, October, 1905, and August, 

1906, is included in the mean discharge given for these months. See footnote to table of daily discharge.

VERMILION RIVER BELOW LAKE VERMILION, NEAR TOWER, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 2, T. 63 N., R. 17 W., in St. Louis County, about 100 yards below

the dam at the outlet of Vermilion Lake, 4 miles above Twomile Creek, which

enters from the west, and about 18 miles across Lake Vermilion from Tower. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 507 square miles

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 17, 1911, to September 30, 1915. 

GAGE. Vertical staff gage attached to a tree at the left bank; read twice daily, to

quarter-tenths, by Mrs. A. E. Shively. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. All measurements except two in May, 1914, have been

made from a cable just below the gage. These two measurements were made

from a boat some distance below the gage. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. The bed of the stream is composed of solid rock and large

bowlders. A heavy falls a short distance below the gage constitutes a permanent

control; banks do not overflow to any considerable extent. 

EXTREMES op DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 2.7 feet June 27 to

July 9, and July 12 (discharge, 930 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.38

foot March 28 to April 5 (discharge, 80 second-feet). 

1911-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 3.5 feet June 6 to 11, 1913 (discharge,

1,420 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.22 foot October 1 and 2, 1914

(discharge, 60 second-feet).
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN". 53

WINTEE FLOW. Discharge relation not affected by ice, owing to the heavy fall at the 

control section, and to the proximity to Vermilion Lake.

REGULATION. At the outlet of Vermilion Lake, a few hundred feet above the gage, is 

a loose rock dam, which is used to raise the water surface of the lake for aid in navigation. This dam has no gates, but was repaired on July 19, 1912, thus for a 

period reducing the flow below normal. Prom April 28 to May 10, 1914, parts of 

the dam were removed, and for some time subsequent the flow exceeded normal.

ACCURACY. Results apparently good to excellent, the accuracy probably increasing 

with the stage. The control is permanent; gage heights reliable, rating curve 

well defined, the only uncertainty being in low-water discharge measurements, 

owing to the very rough section at which they were made.

No discharge measurements were made at this station during the year.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion, Minn.,for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1. .............

2. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12. .............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

208

208

208

208

208

208

208

208

208

208

198

198

198

198

187

187

187

187

187

187

187

183

183

183

183

177

177

177

177

171

171

Nov.

171

171

167

167

167

163

163

163

158

158

158

152

152

148

148

144

144

139

139

134

134

130

130

127

127

122

122

117

117

117

Dec.

117

117

117

117

117

117

117

117

117

117

117

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

111

111

111

111

Jan.

Ill

111

111

111

111

111

111

111

111

111

111

111

111

111

111

111

111

111

111

111

111

106

106

106

106

106

106

106

106

106

106

Feb.

106

106

106

106

106

106

106

106

106

106

106

106

106

106

106

106

106

106

106

106

106

106

101

101

Mar.

101

98

98

95

95

90

90

86

86

86

86

86

86

86

86

86

86

86

86

86

83

83

83

83

83

83

83

80

80

80

80

Apr.

80

80

80

80

80

83

86

86

83

83

86

86

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

95

95

95

98

98

101

May.

101

106

111

114

117

127

130

134

139

163

171

171

163

163

208

208

231

231

257

257

272

272

272

272

272

272

272

272

272

272

June.

287

287

272

272

272

287

qru

32l

OO1

358

398

398

490

590

618

728

755

755

810

810

810

870

870

870

870

870

930

930

930

930

July.

930

930

930

930

930

QQfl

930

930

930

870

870

930

870

870

870

870

870

870

870

870

810

755

755

782

782

755

700

700

728

728

645

Aug.

672

672

672

672

540

540

540

540

540

515

515

515

515

420

420

420

420

398

398

398

378

378

358

358

358

340

321

321

321

304

Sept.

287

287

272

257

257

231

231

208

187

187

187

187

183

183

177

171

167

163

163

163

163

158

158

152

152

148

148

148

144

144

NOTE. Discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 60 and 1,100 second-feet.
54 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion, near Tower, Minn.,for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 507 square miles.]

Month.

March...................................

May.....................................

June ....................................

July....................................

September ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

208 

171 

117 

111 

106 

101 

101 

272 

930 

930 

672 

287

930

Minimum.

171 

117 

111 

106 

101 

80 

80 

101 

272 

645 

304 

144

80

Mean.

193 

145 

115 

109 

106 

86.6 

88.5 

198 

607 

843 

461 

189

263

Per

square 

mile.

0.381 

.286 

.227 

.215 

.209 

.171 

.175 

.391 

1.20 

1.66 

.909 

.373

.519

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.44 

.32 

.26 

' .25 

.22 

.20 

.20 

.45 

1.34 

1.91 

1.05 

.42

7.06

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

LITTLE FORK RIVER AT LITTLE FORK, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 9, T. 68 N., R. 25 W., at the lower of the two highway bridges at 

Little Fork, Koochiching County, about 1J miles above mouth of Beaver Brook, 

and 2J miles above Big Fork & International Falls Railway bridge.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,720 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 23, 1909, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Vertical staff gage attached to piling supporting the bridge on the downstream 

side, left end; read twice daily, to quarter-tenths, by T. J. La Chapelle from 

June 30, 1909 to September 11, 1915, and by G. H. French from September 12 

to 30, 1915.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge at medium and high stages; at 

low stages made by wading a short distance above the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream composed of sand and gravel with some 

bowlders; banks high and not subject to overflow. Control permanent up to the 

summer of 1915, but during the high water in June there was a decided shift.

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 22.6 feet, at 8 a. m. 

June 29; minimum stage recorded, 5.3 feet, September 4.

1909-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 22.6 feet, at 8 a. m. June 29, 1915; minimum stage recorded, 4.40 feet, September 5, 1910 (discharge, approximately 40 

second-feet).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; discharge determined 

from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

ACCURACY. Conditions in the past have been favorable for excellent results, but 

during the present year an unusually high flood produced a decided shift in 

channel; estimates of discharge withheld until a more complete rating of the 

channel in its present condition can be obtained.
HUDSON BAY DEAINAGE BASIN. 55

Discharge measurements of Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Jan. 19«.

Made by 

S.B.SouKS.... .........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.02

6.16

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

118

85

Date.

Mar. 27«.

Sept. 13.

Made by 

S.B.Soule.... .........

H. T. Critchlow........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.65

5.66

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

112

159

a Made through ice; complete ice cover at gage and control.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9.............. 10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24. .............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

01

Oct.

6.2

6.1

6.0

6.0

5.9

5.95

6.2

6.4

6.4

6.5

6.6

6.7

6.8

6.8

7.0

6.9

6.8

6.7

6.6.

6.6

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.8

6.9

7.0

7.0

6.9

6.9

6.8

6.7

Nov.

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.7

6.7

6.8

6.8

6.8

6.7

6.7

6.5

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.3

6.3

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

Dec.

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.3

6.3

6.2

6.2

6.1

6.1

6.0

6.0

5.95

5.9

5.9

5.85

5.8

5.8

5.75

5.75

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

Jan.

5.65

5.65

5.65

5.7

5.7

5.75

6.8

5.85

5.9

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

Feb.

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.4

6.5

6.5

6:5

6.6

6.6

6.7

6.7

6.8

6.8

6.8

6.8

6.8

Mar.

6.9

6.9

6.9

6.9

7.0

7.0

7.0

6.9

6.9

6.8

6.8

6.7

6.6

6.6

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.6

Apr.

6.7

6.9

7.1

7.5

7.8

8.2

8.4

8.6

8.9

9.3

9.5

9.5

9.2

8.6

7.9

7.5

7.2

7.1

7.0

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.5

7.8

7.9

8.0

8.1

8.2

8.2

8.1

May.

8.0

8.1

8.4

8.6

9.0

9.2

9.4

9.7

10.0"

10.5

10.8

10.8

10.5

10.2

10.3

12.0

14.8

16.2

16.5

16.7

15.8

13.0

11.1

10.3

10.0

9.8

9.5

9.2

9.0

9.0

Q 1

June.

9.2

9.4

9.5

9.4

9.6

9.8

10.0

10.4

10.9

12.0

13.4

17.0

18.6

19.9

20.5

21.4

21.4

21.4

20.2

18.6

16.7

15.3

14.2

14.2

15.2

16 4

18.8

22.1

22.4

21.4

July.

19.4

16.6

14.4

13.4

10.7

9.4

as

as

8.8

8.9

9.1

9.3

9.3

9.2

9.0

8.9

8.8

8.6

8.5

8.4

ae

as

8.9

8 Q

8.8

8.6

8.4 ai

8.0

8.4

8.5

Aug.

8.4

8.2

7.9

7.6

7.3

7.0

6.8

6.6

6.4

6.3

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.3

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.4

6.4

6.5

6.6

6.4

6.2

6.2

6.0

6.2

6.2

5 95

Sept.

5.8

5.6

5.45

5.3

5.45

5.7

5.7

6.7

5.7

5.6

5.6

5.8

5.75

5.7

5.7

5.65

5.65

5.8

5.75

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.85

5.9

5.9

5.8

5.9

6.0

NOTK. Discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 6,1914, to Apr. 12,1915.
56 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PAET V.

UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

MISSISSIPPI RIVER ABOVE SANDY RIVER, NEAR LIBBY, M1NN.

LOCATION. In sec. 25, T. 50 N., R. 24 W., near Libby post office, Atkin County, a

short distance above mouth of Sandy River. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 4,510 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 3, 1895, to September 30, 1915. 

GAGE. Vertical staff gage, just above mouth of Sandy River; gage records not used

for determining discharge. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from boat, about 3, 000 feet above gage, by an

employee of the United States Corps of Engineers stationed at the dam. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream composed of sand and silt; no well-defined

control. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum discharge recorded during year, 4,980 secondfeet, June 30; minimum discharge recorded, 591 second-feet, March 31. 

1895-1915: Maximum discharge recorded, 9,572 second-feet, September 20,

1900; minimum discharge recorded, 115 second-feet, February 22, 1896. 

WINTER PLOW. Determined by frequent discharge measurements; discharge interpolated for intervening days. 

REGULATION. Flow of the river is controlled by three Government reservoirs Lake

Winnibigoshish, Leach Lake, Pokegama Falls for the purpose of increasing the

low- water open-season flow in the interests of navigation. 

COOPERATION. Station maintained by United States Engineer Corps to determine

flow of river above Sandy Lake Reservoir.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mississippi River above Sandy River, near Libby, 

Minn., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1.......

2.......

3.......

4.......

5.......

6.......

7.......

8.......

9.......

10.......

11.......

12.......

13.......

14.......

15.......

16.......

17.......

18. ......

19.......

20.......

21.......

23. ......

24.......

25.......

26.......

27.......

28.......

29.......

30.......

31.......

Oct.

2,270

2,240

2,210

2,180

2,150

2,120

2,090

2,060

2,030

o2,000

2,000

1,990

1,990

1 QQfl

1,990

o 1,980

1,970

1,950

1,930

1,920

1,900

1,880

ol,860

1,830

1,790

1,750

1,720

1,680

1,640

1,610

Nov.

1,580

1,540

1,480

1,450

1,420

o 1, 390

1,360

1,330

1,300

1,260

1,230

1,200

1,170

1,140

1,100

1,070

1,040

1,010

973

941

909

876

837

830

822

814

807

800

Dee.

807

813

826

833

840

847

oc4

086!

850

838

827

815

804

700

781

a 770

758

747

736

725

713

702

691

680

680

680

680

680

Jan.

678

677

676

674

672

671

670

o667

672

678

683

689

696

»702

703

704

705

705

706

706

707

708

o709

708

708

707

707

707

»706

Feb.

713

720

727

735

742

750

758

758

750

742

70A

718

o709

709

7no

709

709

709

o708

730

752

775

797

819

0866

Mar.

844

822

800

777

755

732

710

687

o665

664

663

fifi9

661

660

«CQ

658

o657

655

653

651

649

fi47

645

613

606

598

a 591

Apr.

607

623

639

655

672

688

704

720

736

752

768

784

800

817 '833

849

865

881

897

913

929

945

o961

966

971

976

981

986

991

ol,010

May.

1,060

1,120

1.170

1,230

1,280

1,340

ol,390

1,500

1,600

1,710

1,810

1,920

2,020

2,120

2

0OA

2,330

2,490

2,440

2,390

2

O4A

2,290

2,220

2 99ft

2,210

2,200

2,200

June.

2,240

2,300

2,340

a 2, 380

2,540

2,700

2 OCA

3,190

3,350

3,640

3,770

3,900

4,030

4,160

4,360

4 ^Qfl

4 fiQft

4,780

4,880

4,920

<»4,980

July.

4,970

4,960

4 Qfifi

4,950

4 Q4rt

4,940

4,930

4,930

o4,920

4,880

4,830

4 790

4' Ttf\

4,700

4 660

o4,620

4

4 en

4,280

4,110

3,940

3

CQf>

a. 1 9W1

3

1AA

2 940

2*780

2

ftQA

2,470

2,220

Aug.

2,160

2,150

2 1 ^

2,150

2 i4n

2,140

2,130

o2,130

2,120

2,120

2 19ft

2,110

2,110

2.110

«2,100

2 inn

2,080

2,080

2,0^0

o2,050

2

A.7A

2 AQA

2,100

2,140

2 ifirt

a 2, 180

Sept.

2

1QA

2,200

2,200

2

9OA

2 94fl

2 9fifi

2,270

2 290

2

Onn

o2,320

2

OQA

2,260

2

00A

2

OAA

2

1ftA

9 l^tft

2 100

2,060

«2,030

2

ncn

2,070

2,080

2,100

2,120

a Discharge measurement. 

NOTE. Discharge determined by interpolation between measurements,
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 57

Monthly discharge of Mississippi River above Sandy River, near Libby, Minn., for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 4,510 square miles.]

Month.

January. .................................................

May.....................................................

July.....................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,270 

1,580 

861 

709 

866 

844 

1,010 

2.540 

4,980 

4,970 

2,180 

2,320

4,980

Minimum.

1,610 

800 

679 

* 667 

708 

591 

607 

1,060 

2,220 

2,160 

2,050 

2,030

591

Mean.

1,960 

1,130 

768 

693 

746 

675 

831 

1,950 

3,440 

4,090 

2,120 

2,190

1,720

Run-off 

(total in 

millions 

of cubic 

feet).

5,250 

2,940 

2,060 

1,860 

1,800 

1,810 

2,150 

5,230 

8,930 

11,000 

5,670 

5,680

54,380

NOTE. Computed by engineers of the United States Geological Survey from daily discharge record 

furnished by the United States Engineer Corps.

MISSISSIPPI RIVER AT ELK RIVER, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 3, T. 121 N., R. 23 W., at highway bridge in Elk River, about 

2,500 feet below the mouth of Elk River, Sherburne County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 14,500 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 22 to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage bolted to the handrail of the bridge, downstream side, near right 

bank.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream is sand and gravel; no well-defined control; 

banks high and not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded since station was established, 6.8 feet 

July 22; minimum stage recorded, 3.9 feet September 1, 2, and 5.

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. The nearest dam above the station on the Mississippi is at St. Cloud, 

40 miles upstream. An observed systematic diurnal fluctuation at the gage of 

about 0.1 of a foot is doubtless due to the regulation at St. Cloud; but most of 

the effect of regulation is equalized before reaching the station. The flow of the 

rive* is controlled by Government dams on the upper river for the purpose of 

increasing the low-water open-season flow in the interests of navigation.

Data insufficient for estimates of discharge.

Discharge measurements of Mississippi River at Elk River, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

[Made by S. B. Soul<5.]

Date.

Aug. 10.............................................................................

Sept. 30.............................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.40

4.15

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5,620

5,180
58 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Mississippi River at Elk River, Minn.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915. "'-

Day.

1.... ........

2............

4............

5............

6............

7............

8............

9............

10............

July. Aug.

5.5

5 4

5 4

4.9

4.8

4.7

4.7

A K

4.4

Sept.

3 Q

1 Q

4.0

4.0

3 Q

4.0

4.1

4.0

4.1

Day.

11............

12............

13............

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

1Q

20............

July. Aug.

4.3

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.1

Sept.

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.1

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.3

4.1

Day.

21............

22............

23............

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............

31............

July.

6.8

6.6

6.5

6.2

6^0

5.9

5.8

5.8

5.7

5.6

Aug.

4.0

4.1

4.1

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

Sept.

4.3

4.1

4.0

4.1

4.0

4.1

4.0

4.1

4.3

4.2

MISSISSIPPI RIVER AT ST. PAUL, MINN.

LOCATION. At the Chicago Great Western Railway bridge near the foot of Robert 

Street, St. Paul, 6 miles below the mouth of Minnesota River, in Ramsey County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 35,700 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 1, 1892, to September 30, 1915. The U. S. Signal Service (later U. S. Weather Bureau) has published gage-height records since 1873; 

many discharge measurements made prior to 1900 by the U. S. Engineer Corps.

GAGE. Chain gage installed May 9, 1913, on the handrail, downstream side, of Chicago Great Western Railway bridge, near the foot of Robert Street; read once 

daily to tenths, by the U. S. Weather Bureau. From 1911 to May 9, 1913, the 

gage was a vertical staff gage attached to a piling on left bank of river, about 800 

feet upstream from the present gage. Prior to 1911 a vertical staff gage on the 

Diamond Joe Line wharf, at the foot of Jackson Street, about 400 feet below the 

chain gage, was used. The datum of all three gages is the same, allowance being 

made for the slight slope in the river between their locations.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha 

Railway bridge 2 miles above the station.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel somewhat shifting; no well-defined control; the 

banks fairly high; have not overflowed in recent years.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.5 feet April 5 

(discharge, 31,100 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during open-water periods, 0.7 foot December 13 (discharge, 4,180 second-feet); but minimum flow during period when river was frozen over was considerably less.

1892-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 18.0 feet April 6, 1897 (discharge, 80,800 

second-feet; highest known'discharge occurred July 22, 1867, and amounted to 

117,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.9 foot March 22, 1896(discharge, 1,420 second-feet).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; estimates of monthly 

mean flow based on the records obtained by U. S. Engineer Corps at lock and dam 

No. 2, below Minneapolis, allowance being made for the flow of the Minnesota 

River._

REGULATION. During extreme low water regulation of the flow through the turbines 

at the nearest dam in Minneapolis may cause diurnal fluctuation of stage at St. 

Paul. The flow is regulated by Government reservoirs on the headwaters at Lake 

Winnebigoshish, Leach Lake, Pokegama Lake, Sandy Lake, Pine River, and 

Gull Lake, for the purpose of increasing the low-water open-season flow in the 

interests of navigation, but the effect of this regulation is very gradual at St. Paul.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 59

ACCURACY. Results apparently good. The one reading a day probably does not represent the mean daily stage very accurately, although occasional additional readings have shown that it was not seriously in error. Rating curve is, however, 

well defined and it is believed that the possible error is but a small percentage of 

the total flow. Although the base data for estimating the daily flow of the river 

are available for years prior to 1892, the reservoir system, which has had a marked 

influence on the regimen of the river was then in complete operation, and it is 

evident that the earlier records have lost much of their value as indications of 

probable future flow.

COOPERATION. Gage-height record furnished by U. S. Weather Bureau. Data upon 

which mean monthly flow during winter periods have been based, furnished by 

United States Corps of Engineers.

The following discharge measurement was made by Soul 6 and Critchlow: 

August 16, 1915: Gage height, 5.58 feet; discharge, 14,100 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1. ............

3.............

4.............

5.............

6.............

7...... .......

8.............

9.............

10.............

11.............

12.............

13.............

14.............

15. ............

16. ............

17.............

18. ............

19.............

20.............

21.............

22.............

23.............

24.............

25. ............

26.............

27.............

28.............

29.............

30.............

31.............

Oct.

10,800

10,600

10,100

9,920

9,480

9,260

9,480

9,050

8,630

8,840

8,630

9,050

9,480

10,800

11,000

11,500

12,000

12,500

12,500

11 000

11,000

10 100

9', 700

9,920

9,480

Nov.

9,960

9,050

8,840

8,630

8,420

8,420

8,420

8,210

7,800

7,600

7,600

7,400

7,600

7,800

7 800

7,200

5,560

5,050

4,720

4 880

4,880

4,720

5 99O

5,560

6,090

6,270

6,630

6 97fl

6,630

Dec.

6,630

7,010

6,450

5,910

S

CfiA

5,220

5,730

6 4Cfl

5,560

A K7fi

4,180

3

QOf\

Jan.

4,200

Feb.

6,270

8,630

10, 400

11, 300

11, 300

Mar.

10,800

11, 300

11, 300

11,500

11,300

12,500

15,200

12, 200

10, 600

9,920

8,210

7,600

7,600

7,400

7,010

7,200

7,600

9 n^n

10,100

11 500

12 500

16,900

21 300

23,400

25,200

26, 300

27,100

Apr.

27,900

28, 200

29, 800

30, 700

31, 100

30, 700

30, 200

29,800

29, 400

29,400

28, 200

27, 900

27,500

97 inn

25,200

oo 7nn

99 QOO

91 ftftn

19 300

18J 100

17 200

16' 000

15,200

14 900

15,500

15,500

May.

14,900

15, 200

14, 600

13, 800

14, 400

15,500

15, 500

15,500

16,000

16,300

16,000

15,800

15,200

14,900

14,400

13,800

14, 100

15,800

IS 7flfl

1Q ^fift

1Q Qflfl

18, 700

19,700

20,000

20,300

19,300

19,700

19,700

June.

20,000

20, 300

20,600

20, 000

19,300

19, 300

18,700

17,800

16,900

16,900

16,300

16,300

17,200

17,200

18,700

20,000

20,600

21,000

91 °.nn

91 son

99 Qfin

22 300

99 *^(\(\

99 Qfifl

22 700

99 ^nn

99 Qflfl

no r\(\r\

24,100

25,600

July.

27, 100

27, 900

28, 200

28, 600

28,600

27,900

27,900

28,200

27, 100

26,700

26, 700

26,000

25,600

26,300

26, 300

26, 300

26,000

on ftnn

97 1ftO

27, 100

27, 100

26 700

9fi ^(V\

25 600

25,200

OQ 7fifl

22, 700

21 600

20,600

Aug.

20,000

19,000

18,700

18,700

18,100

18,100

18,100

18,400

18,400

18,400

17,500

16,900

16, 300

15,200

14,600

13,800

13,300

12,500

12,000

12,000

12,000

11,800

H

o. Afl

11,300

11,000

10 600

10 600

10,100

10,100

Sept.

9,700

9,480

9,480

9,480

9,700

9,050

9,050

9,050

8,840

8,630

8,840

8,840

8,420

9,050

9,260

9,700

9,920

9,920

9,920

10,600

10,100

10,400

9,700

9,480

9 480

9,260

9,700

9,480

9,480

9,700

NOTE. Discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined between 4,570 and 18,400 second-feet. 

Discharge Dec. 14 to Feb. 22, estimated, because of ice, from records of discharge at lock: and dam No. 2 

by U. S. Engineer Corps and the flow of the Minnesota River at Mankato; braced figures show mean 

discharge for period included.
60 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn.,for the year ending Sept. 30>

1915.

Month.

April..........................................................

July...........................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

13,300 

9,960 

7,010

11,300

27, 100 

31,100 

20,300 

25,600 

28, 600 

20,000 

10,600

31,100

Minimum.

8,630 

4,720

7,010 

14,600 

13,800 

16,300 

20,600 

10,100 

8,420

Mean.

10,500 

6,990 

4,620 

4,200 

5,370 

13,200 

23,900 

16, 700 

20,300 

26,200 

14,600 

9,460

13,000

Accuracy.

tdtdtdtdatdaoootdtd

SANDY RIVER BELOW SANDY LAKE RESERVOIR, MINN.

LOCATION. At Sandy Lake dam, near Libby post office, Atkins County, 1 mile above 

the mouth of the river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 424 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 7, 1893, to Sept. 30,1915.

GAGE. Vertical staff.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. No discharge measurements were made during the 

year.

DISCHARGE. Computed from the flow through the openings of the dam.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum discharge recorded during year, 808 secondfeet April 15; minimum discharge recorded, 5 second-feet at frequent intervals 

whenever the gates are closed in all about one-third of the year.

1893-1915: Maximum discharge recorded, 3,738 second-feet July 12, 1897; 

minimum discharge recorded, zero at frequent intervals from 1893 to 1912.

REGULATION. The flow at the station is wholly controlled by Sandy Lake reservoir. 

At low stages the area of the reservoir is 8 square miles, and at high stages 16.5 

square miles. These areas, with a range of 9.4 feet, give a capacity of 3,127,900,000 

cubic feet.

ACCURACY. Results considered excellent for medium and high stages. During extreme floods the Mississippi drowns out the dam and fills Sandy Lake reservoir 

as much as 3 feet higher than was intended. If the Mississippi is at a fairly 

high stage and the dam is open, there is occasionally a slight reverse flow into 

the reservoir, but the amount has not been computed.

COOPERATION. Records of discharge as published as furnished by the IT. S. Engineer 

Corps, which maintains the station for the purpose of measuring the flow from the 

Sandy Lake reservoir, one unit in the Government reservoir system at the headwaters of the Mississippi.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASIN. 61

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sandy River below Sandy Lake reservoir, Ninn., for 

the year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10.......".......

u.. ............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

n. .............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

68

5

5

82

5

5

5

5

82

108

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

9Q4

5

5

5

5

5

Nov.

5

5

K

5

5

5

K

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

- 5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

K

5

Dec.

5

5

OC

1ft9

99

100

101

QQ

101

101

99

101

98

101

100

98

100

100

100

1O9

101

101

99

100'

101

101

100

101

Jan.

QQ

101

101

100

99

101

102

100

101

QQ

100

101

101

100

100

QQ

102

101

100

101

QQ

1rt9

100

101

101

100

101

QQ

1H9

99

101

Feb.

102

100

98

101

100

101

99

100

100

99

100

QQ

1O9

99

102

inn

QQ

inn

125

125

127

197

1 ^ft

1 Ml

152

1 P»1

1 11

Mar.

119

148

1 CA

149 111"

i 19

1 in

151

151

14Q

1 IA

1 ^f\

1^0

1 ift

119

151

150

50

51

C1

KA

KA

FLA

51

51

50

CA

CA

KA

FLA

CA

Apr.

51

11

CA

Kf\

51

CA

KA

50

51

K1

Ift

M

91 ft

808

f\7(\

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

May.

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

June.

5

5

5

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

52

500

KAA

CAA

July.

499

500

KAA

£An

Nfifi

503

503

425

A-\ Q

4fifi

238

114

119

fifirt

979

192

104

107

88

91

47

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

Aug.

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

200

Sept.

onrt

203

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

Monthly discharge of Sandy River below Sandy Lake reservoir ^ Minn., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1915. ,

Month.

March...................................................

May.....................................................

July.....................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

294 

5 

102 

102 

152 

152 

808 

5 

500 

660 

200 

203

808

Minimum.

5 

5 

5 

99 

99 

50 

5 

5 

5 

10 

10 

10

5

Mean.

28.5 

5.00 

88.6 

100 

114 

105 

77.4 

5.00 

59.6 

256 

16.1 

22.8

73.2

Run-off 

(total in 

millions of 

cubic feet.)

76.5 

13.0 

237 

269 

275 

282 

201 

13.4 

154 

687 

43.2 

59.0

2,310

NOTE. Computed by engineers of the United States Geological Survey from daily discharge record 

furnished by the United States Engineer Corps.

PINE RIVER BELOW PINE RIVER RESERVOIR, MINN.

LOCATION. In T. 137 N., B. 27 W., just below the dam at the outlet of Cross Lake, 

which is 15 miles above the mouth of the river, in the central part of Crow Wing 

County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 452 square miles.
62 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1895, to September 30, 1915. Records of monthly 

mean discharge and total monthly discharge from April, 1886, to November, 

1893, are published in Report of Chief Engineers, United States Army, for 1894, 

Part 3, p. 1707.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by an employee of United States Engineer Corps, 

stationed at the reservoir.

DISCHARGE. Determined from daily gage heights representing the head at the dam 

and from the various size openings in the dam. Discharge measurements are 

made about once a week to check these estimates.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum discharge during year, 520 second-feet, September 18; minimum discharge recorded, 71 second-feet, August 27 to 30.

1895-1915: Maximum discharge' recorded, 1,586 second-feet, June 29; 1901; 

minimum discharge recorded, zero, June 8 to 15, 17, 19, and 20, 1906.

WINTER FLOW. Estimates made as during open-water periods; see paragraph on 

discharge.

REGULATION. Mow wholly controlled by Government reservoir at station. The 

area of the reservoir at low water is 18 square miles; at high water 24 square miles. 

These areas, with a range of 16.15 feet, give a capacity of 7,732,900,000 cubic feet. 

The dam raises the water in Cross, Pine, Daggett, Rush, Whitefish, Trout, and 

Hay lakes by varying amounts.

ACCURACY. Results considered good.

COOPERATION. Station maintained by United States Engineer Corps for the purpose 

of measuring the flow from Pine River reservoir, the lowest in the present system 

of Government reservoirs on the headwaters of the Mississippi.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pine River below Pine River reservoir, Minn.,for the

year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

Q

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

488

489

o490

490

490

491

491

492

492

o493

-493

494

495

496

497

498

o499

397

395

392

250

248

246

o244

251

260

265

275

285

o290

Nov.

i

290

289

289

288

288

287

o287

287

287

287

287

288

288

o288

289

290

291

292

293

294

o295

294

293

291

290

288

285

o283

283

283

Dec.

283

282

281

280

o279

279

280

281

282

283

285

o287

287

287

288

288

288

289

o289

289

290

290

291

292

293

o294

294

293

293

292

292

Jan.

289

o286

286

286

286

286

286

286

o287

287

287

288

288

288

289

o289

288

287

286

285

284

283

o283

284

284

285

285

o287

287

Feb.

287

287

287

287

287

o287

287

287

287

287

287

287

o287

288

289

290

292

294

340

o342

342

343

344

349

351

355

o359

QKQ

Mar.

359

359

359

358

358

o358

358

359

359

360

360

361

o361

356

352

350

348

346

345

o345

346

347

348

349

350

351

o353

OCQ

352

352

351

Apr.

352

353

o354

354

354

354

354

355

355

o355

355

355

356

356

356

«357

357

355

353

350

348

347

346

o344

106

108

110

112

112

114

May.

o!16

116

116

116

116

115

115

oll5

115

115

116

116

118

118

o!20

120

120

120

120

119

119

o!19

119

119

119

120

120

120

ol21

121

121

June.

122

122

122

122

o!24

124

124

124

123

123

123

o!23

122

112

112

110

110

109

o!09

109

109

109

109

109

109

o!08

108

108

108

108

July.

110

111

oll2

112

112

113

113

110

114

114

75

7C

75

75

o75

75

75

75

75

75

71

075

76

76

76

77

77

77

Aug.

77

77

76

76

76

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

o75

75

75

74

74

74

74

«73

73

7O

72

72

72

71

o71

71

71 9Qft

Sept.

9Q9

9OT

9Q4

0295

295

one

296

296

296

9Qfi

"297

508

510

512

514

516

o520

518

516

515-

514

513

512

o511

511

508

Kf\K

505

505

o Discharge measurement.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 63

Monthly discharge of Pine River below Pine River reservoir, Minn., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Month.

May.....................................................

July.....................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

499 

295 

294 

289 

359 

361 

357 

121 

124 

114 

290 

520

520

Minimum.

244 

283 

279 

283 

287 

345 

106 

115 

108 

75 

71 

292

71

Mean.

401 

289 

287 

286 

310 

354 

305 

118 

115 

89.9 

81.0 

433

255

Run-off 

(total in 

millions of 

cubic feet).

1,080 

749 

769 

767 

749 

947 

789 

316 

298 

241 

217 

1,120

8,040

NOTE. Computed by engineers of the United States Geological Survey from daily discharge record 

furnished by the United States Engineer Corps.

CROW WING RIVER AT MOTLEY; MINN.

LOCATION. At highway bridge at the north edge of the village of Motley, about a 

quarter of a mile north of the Northern Pacific Railway station and about 2 miles 

above the mouth of Long Prairie River, the nearest tributary, in Cass County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,140 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 10 to November 30, 1909, and April 17, 1913, to September 30, 1915. The records for 1909 consist of discharge measurements and 

gage heights only.

GAGE. Vertical staff in two sections; read twice daily, to quarter-tenths, by S. W. 

Jacobs. Lower section is attached to an old log bulkhead which constituted the 

abutment of a former bridge, and is about 20 feet above the upstream edge of the 

bridge at the left bank; upper section is attached to an old piling just back of 

the lower section.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the upstream side of the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. The bed of the stream is sand and gravel; fairly permanent. 

The banks do not overflow.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year: 8.75 feet at 6 p. m., 

June 29 (discharge, 4,780 second-feet); minimum open-water stage recorded, 6.25 

feet, Sept. 9, 10, and 11 (discharge, 681 second-feet). A considerably lower flow 

occurred during December and January. Discharge measurement December 16, 

1914, indicated a flow of 441 second-feet, which is probably not far from the 

absolute minimum for the year.

1913-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 10.3 feet at 9 a. m. June 11, 1914 (discharge, 6,940 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during open-water periods, 

6.0 feet June 17 and 18, 1913 (discharge, 528 second-feet). A flow of 417 secondfeet was measured by current meter on February 26,1914; the absolute minimum 

was probably less than this amount.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow estimated from 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. Nearest dam above station is at outlet of Lower Crow Wing Lake, 

about 67 miles above Motley; regulation at this point has very little effect at 

the gage.

ACCURACY. Results considered good; channel does not shift materially. Since the 

establishment of the station in 1913 there has been no trouble from backwater 

caused by log jams.
64 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Crow Wing River at Motley, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. 30,1915.

Date.

Mar. 281«

Made by 

S.B.Soule1 .. ...........

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.81

7.28

8.33

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

441

520

1,340

Date.

Sept. 166

Made by 

H. T. Critchlow........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.10

6.44

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,420

821

a Made through complete ice cover.

6 Small amount of grass in section at gage; control apparently open.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Crow Wing River at Motley, Minn., for the year ending

Sept. 30,1915.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

g

10..............

11..............

19

13

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

20..............

91

22..............

23. .......... ...

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28........-.-.-.

on

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,120

1,060

952

905

905

858

858

905

1,060

1,240

1,930

2,370

2,460

2,640

2,640

2,550

2,460

2,280

2,190

2,020

i fun

1,680

1,600

1,520

1,450

i &%n

1,380

1,310

1,310

1,310

1,310

Nov.

1,240

1,240

1,180

1,120

1,060

1,060

1,060

1,010

1,010

952

952

neo

952

QCO

QKO

869

Dec.

594

Jan.

508

Feb.

567

Mar.

813

Apr.

1,460

1,600

1,520

1,450

1,380

1,310

1,180

1,180

1,180

1,120

1,120

1,060

1,010

1,010

952

1,240

1,310

1,240

i 94ft

1,240

1,240

1,240

May.

1,240

1,240

1,450

1,840

2,190

2,460

2,640

2,640

2,550

2,370

2,280

2,190

1,840

1,600

1 7fifl

2,460

3,020

3,620

3,620

3,420

3,120

2,920

2,740

2,550

2,370

2,100

i o^ft

1,760

1,600

1,450

1,380

June.

1,310

1,180

1,060

1,010

1,060

1,180

1,180

1,180

1,180

1,180

1,310

1,450

2,100

2,370

2,640

2.830

3,020

3,220

3,220

3,220

3,220

3,020

2,830

2,640

2,460

2,280

2 a fin

3,020

3,620

July.

3,830

3,620

3,420

3,220

3,020

2,920

2,740

2,550

2 dfift

2,370

2,280

2,190

2,100

2 inn

2,020

2,020

2,020

2,100

2,100

2,020

2,020

1,840

1 760

1^600

1

AK(\

1,600

1 600

1^520 i d^ft

1,450

Aug.

1,450

1,380

1,210

1,180

1,120

1,060

1,060

1,010

952

905

858

826

818

818

818

778

751

744

744

794

724

724

717

710

710

710

7Sfi

794

7Q4

810

Sept.

744

73ft

724

710

710

698

AOQ

687

681

681

681

7Q7

771

794

802

802

794

771

744

7Q7

710

710

710

710

710

707

744

7K1

77ft

NOTE. Discharge determined from a rating curve fairly well defined between 778 and 3,620 second-feet. 

Discharge, Nov. 16 to Apr. 9, estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observers' notes, 

and weather records; braced figures show mean discharge for period included.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 65

Monthly discharge of Crow Wing River at Motley, Minn.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1915. 

[Drainage area, 2,140 square miles.]

Month.

May.....................................

My.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,640 

1,240

3,620 

4,040 

3,830 

1,450 

802

4,040

Minimum.

858

952 

1,240 

1,010 

1,450 

710 

681

Mean.

1,600 

958 

594 

508 

567 

813 

1,300 

2,270 

2,220 

2,250 

892 

735

1,230

Per 

square 

mile.

0.748 

.448 

.278 

.237 

.265 

.380 

.607 

1.06 

1.04 

1.05 

.417 

.343

.575

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.86 

.50 

.32 

.27 

.28 

.44 

.68 

1.22 

1.16 

1.21 

.48 

.38

7.80

Accuracy.

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A.

LONG PRAIRIE RIVER NEAR MOTLEY, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 19, T. 133 N., R. 31 W., 100 yards above the highway bridge

1 mile south of Motley, and 2 miles above the mouth of the river, in Morrison

County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 973 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 10, 1909, to September 30, 1915. 

GAGE. Vertical staff attached to an overhanging stump on the right bank of the

river, just opposite the residence of Clem Thompson; read twice daily, morning

and evening, to half-tenths, by Mrs. Clem Thompson. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of highway bridge 100

yards below the gage; low-stage measurements made by wading a short distance

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream is light gravel and is practically permanent; 

left bank rather low and will overflow at extreme flood stages; right bank high 

and will not overflow.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.5 feet July 1 

and 3 (discharge, 1,980second-feet); minimum open-water stage recorded, 5.3 feet 

November 15, 16, and 17 (discharge, 178 second-feet). A discharge of 87 secondfeet was recorded by measurement made December 17.

1909-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 9.95 feet at 6 a. m. May 6,1912 (discharge, 

2,960 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during open-water periods, 4.66 feet 

July 16, 17, and 19, 1911 (discharge, 47 second-feet). A flow of 39 second-feet 

was measured by current meter on February 27, 1914; the absolute minimum is 

probably about 30 second-feet.

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow determined from 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

ACCURACY. Rating curve well denned; results considered good; channel does not 

shift materially.

47878° WSP 405 17 5
66 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Dec. 17<*

Mar. 29«

Made by 

S. B. Soute.... .........

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.61

6.42

7.59

Discharge.

Sec.-fl. 

87

101

523

Date.

June 30

Sept. 156

Made by 

S. B. Soule"....... ......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.51

5.78

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,360

251

« Measurement made through ice. 6 Considerable grass in channel.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

212

172

163

333

290

270

290

333

405

455

480

480

558

585

612

640

640

640

612

612

585

558

480

455

405

380

380

356

333

312

290

Nov.

312

312

333

333

312

312

312

290

290

270

290

290

290

290

178

178

205

290

290

2yO

290

oon

290

Dec.

75

Jan.

100

Feb.

100

Mar.

280

Apr.

| 835

980

980

920

860

805

695

640.

640

585

585

585

585

563

541

519

496

474

452

430

430

430

43ft

455

455

455

May.

455

380

417

455

492

530

530

530

530

530

455

380

380

380

430

980

980

980

980

980

980

980

920

920

750

695

530

558

515

473

430

June.

430

380

380

380

380

333

333

333

333

333

333

333

980

980

980

980

980

980

980

980

980

980

980

980

980

980

1,040

1 400

1,340

July.

1,980

1,840

1,980

1,280

1,220

980

585

380

455

455

505

505

612

668

695

722

722

890

890

890

805

805

805

750

640

585

585

585

530

530

530

Aug.

505

505

505

455

455

455

455

455

455

455

380

380

333

333

333

333

333

333

333

290

270

270

270

270

270

231

231

231

231

195

195

Sept.

230

240

240

240

240

240

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

220

250

2oO

231

231

231

NOTE. Discharge, except as noted below, computed from a rating curve well denned between 80 and 

1,650 second-feet. Discharge estimated Nov. 17-24, Dec. 1 to Apr. 5, because of ice, from discharge measurements, gage heights, observer's notes, and weather records; Sept. 1-11 estimated on the basis of the 

flow of the Crow Wing River at Motley, Minn. Braced figures show mean discharge for period included. 

Estimates Oct. 1 to Nov. 10 and July 10 to Sept. 30 made by indirect method for shifting channel on 

account of backwater at the gage, caused by growth of aquatic plants in channel. Discharge interpolated 

Apr. 18-23, May 3-5,11, 29, and 30.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 67 

Monthly discharge of Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn., for the year ending Sept.

[Drainage area, 973 square miles.]

Month.

October. . ........................ ......

March...................................

April....................................

July.....................................

September ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

640 

333

980 

1,400 

1,980 

505

1,980

Minimum.

163 

178

430 

380 

333 

380 

195

Mean.

430 

266 

75 

100 

100 

280 

639 

630 

761 

819 

347 

230

391

Per 

square 

mile.

0.442 

.273 

.077 

.103 

.103 

.288 

.657 

.647 

.782 

.842 

.357 

.236

.402

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.51 

.30 

.09 

.12 

.11 

.33 

.73 

.75 

.87 

.97 

.41 

.26

5.45

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B.

ELK RIVER NEAR BIG LAKE, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 23, T. 33 N., E. 27 W., at the highway bridge 4 miles east of Big Lake, 

Sherburne County, and three-quarters of a mile north of Bailey station on the 

Northern Pacific and Great Northern railways, one-half mile above Tebbetts 

Brook and 4 miles below mouth of St. Francis Eiver.

DRAINAGE AREA. 615 square miles.

EECOBDS AVAILABLE. April 15,1911, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Vertical staff gage attached to piling about 10 feet above the upstream edge 

of the bridge near the right bank of the river; read twice daily, to quarter-tenths, 

by Michael Tracy.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At high stages made from the downstream side of the 

bridge; at medium and low stages by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed for the most part sand and light gravel; there is, 

however, a slight rapids just below the gage which constitutes the control at 

medium and low stages, and at which the bed is of considerably heavier gravel 

and cobblestones, and is fairly permanent. From July to October the channel 

is obstructed by aquatic plants, which cause considerable backwater, increasing 

as the summer advances and reaching a maximum some time in September. 

The right bank is high and will not overflow. The left bank will overflow at a 

stage of about 9 feet, and some of the water cuts across a point formed by a loop 

in the river and does not pass under the bridge.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during open-water periods, 1.96 

feet at 7 a. m. July 21 (discharge, 432 second-feet); minimum discharge for openwater periods, approximately 107 second-feet September 6, at a time when the 

discharge relation was affected by the growth of aquatic plants obstructing the 

channel. It is believed that both the maximum and minimum flows occurred 

during the winter. A maximum^ stage of 2.7 feet was recorded at 8 a. m. March 

27, when the river was nearly free from ice; discharge estimated at 554 secondfeet; minimum flow recorded by discharge measurement made January 18, 87 

second-feet, is probably not far from the minimum flow for the year.

1911-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 10.0 feet at 6.30 p. m. May 7, 1912 (discharge, 5,100 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during open-water*periods, 

0.22 foot July 16, 1911 (discharge, 43.4 second-feet, measured by current meter; 

a flow of 39 second-feet was measured by current meter on January 27, 1912.)
68 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow estimated, because 

of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

ACCURACY. Results considered only fair, because of backwater at the gage due to 

growth of aquatic plants in channel.

Discharge measurements of Elk River near Big Lake, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

[Made by S. B. Soul<§.]

Date.

Oct. 14o. .....................

Jan. 186.. ....................

Feb. 266. ....................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.95

i no

1.64

1.11

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

184

87

157

Date. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.64

1.84

.94

Q4

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

415

403

110

110

a Grass and weeds in section. 6 Made through complete ice cover. e Grass beginning to grow.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Elk River near Big Lake, Minn., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1... ...........

'2..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

13..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

1Q

20..............

21..............

oq

24..............

9C

26..............

27.-.-.-........

28..............

29..............

30..............

31......-.-.-...

Oct.

178

163

155

148

148

148

160

1 ^P,

168

190

1Qfi

IQfi

190

182

-ICC

17ft

IQfi

188

 1 09

IQfi

185

185

180

Nov.

180

178

178

T7C

170

170

170

165

165

165

165

170

170

155

140

Dec.

124

Jan.

87

Feb.

127

Mar.

268

Apr.

402

386

326

041

Q/J1

356

356

417

402

386

ooc

371

297 900

900

9fiQ

297

326

qc:«

386

386

371

May.

371

341

356

Qdl

Q19

297

283

9fiQ

occ

226

91 Q

256

occ

269

000

297

326

312

356

T71

041

386

Q71

041

June.

9Q7

269

219

991

211

206

219

242

99Q

91 Q

297

356

T71

371

409

417

417

432

400

409

July.

432

432

417

402

386

386

386

386

371

O-IO

283

283

326

326

402

417

432

417

417

402

402

JAO

371

041

Aug.

312

^ 326

* 326

326

312

283

269

256

242

229

203

203

203

178

178

178

165

153

153

1 *&

153

153

130

Sept.

130

125

118

111

107

111

118

111

111

111

118

127

141

141

130

130

130

127

120

123

120

116

116

1O-J

118

100

127

132

136

NOTE. Discharge determined as follows: Oct. 26 to Nov. 16, 1914, and Apr. 1 to June 30, 1915, from a 

fairly well defined rating curve; Oct. 1-25,1914, and June 21 to Sept. 30,1915, by indirect method for shifting 

channels as the growth of grass in channel caused backwater at the gage; Nov. 17 to Mar. 31, estimated, 

because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records; braced figures show 

mean discharge for period included.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI BIVEB BASIN. 69

Monthly discharge of Elk River near Big Lake, Minn.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1915. 

[Drainage area, 615 square miles.]

>

Month.

December. ..............................

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

198 

180

417 

386 

432 

' 432 

326 

" 141

432

Minimum.

148

269 

219 

203 

229 

130 

107

Mean.

178 

156 

124 

, 87 

127 

268 

355 

307 

302 

371 

210 

122

218

Per 

square 

mile.

0.289 

.254 

.202 

.141 

.297 

.436 

.577 

.499 

.491 

.603 

.341 

.198

.354

Sun-off 

(depth in. 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.33

.28 

.23 

.16 

.22 

.50 

.64 

.58 

.55 

.70 

.39 

.22

4.80

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B.

CROW RIVER AT ROCKFORD, MINN.

LOCATION. At highway bridge at Rockford, about 400 feet below the dam, not in use 

at present, about one-third mile below the Soo Railway bridge, and a little more 

than a mile below +he junction of the north and south branches. Between the 

junction and the station are the outlets of Rebecca Lake and Lake Sarah, both 

very small streams.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,520 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 4, 1909, to September 30,1915.

GAGE. Vertical staff gage attached to a piling a few feet above the right end of the 

bridge; read twice daily, morning and evening, to hundredths, by George W. 

Florida.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At high and medium stages discharge measurements 

are made from the bridge; at low stages they are made by wading, about 600 

feet below the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream for most part heavy gravel; practically permanent. The banks do not overflow except during extreme floods.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.4 feet, March 

31 (discharge, 4,030 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during open-water 

periods, 5.4 feet November 25, September 9-11, 24, and 25 (discharge 300 secondfeet). A flow of 85 second-feet was measured by current meter on January 30. 

The absolute minimum was probably about 30 second-feet and occurred in 

February.

1909-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 10.7 feet March 15, 1910 (discharge, 4,300 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded during open-water periods, 4.55 feet January 29 and February 5, 1911 (discharge, 34 second-feet). The absolute minimum is probably about 30 second-feet and occurred in February, 1915.

WINTER PLOW. Seriously affected by ice; flow estimated from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Prior to the winter of 1911-12, 

little ice formed at the control, and the open-water rating curve was applicable 

throughout the year. Before the dam just above the station was destroyed, the 

temperature of the large body of water back of the dam was considerably above 

freezing, and the water did not freeze quickly when released; but since the 

destruction of the dam natural conditions exist and ice forms.
70 STJEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PAET V.

REGULATION. On the North, Middle, and South forks of Crow River there are seven 

power plants with small storage, and the regulation at the various points is so 

slight that no appreciable effect of their operation is observed at the gage. The 

dam immediately above the gage was partly destroyed May 31, 1911, and has 

not since been repaired.

ACCURACY. Though conditions in the channel are fairly permanent the erratic 

plotting of discharge measurements made below 800 second-feet do not warrant 

an accuracy rating of better than fair for low and medium stages. All monthly 

means above 800 second-feet are considered excellent.

Discharge m surements of Crow River at Rockford, Minn., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

[Made by S. B. Soule".]

Date.

Oct. 16... .....................

Feb. 27««... ....................

Apr. 23........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.38

5.30

6.94

6.79

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

793

85

548

1,090

Date.

JulySb. .............. .......

8. .......................

Aug. 31 e..... ................

Gage

Feet. 

7.45

7 43

5.72

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,430

1,420

e;CM

a Made through complete ice cover; control partly covered with ice. 

6 Small amount of grass and few snags in channel below gage.

e Control section clear, but accuracy of measurement low, because measuring section is unfavorable for 

obtaining good results at this stage.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Crow River at Rockford, Minn., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10..............

11. .............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

1Q

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

91

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31

Oct.

785

725

665

665

610

638

.583

583

555

583

610

638

725

785

845

845

815

. 785

695

665

665

665

638

610

555

555

528

500

Nov.

472

472

472

445

420

420

395

395

395

370

345

345

300

onrt

309

34 1;

370

Dec.

370

370

345

345

370

395

345

370

Jan.

137

Feb.

137

Mar.

1,290

4 ' 030

Apr.

3,670

2,770

2,190

2,030

1,950

1,870

1,710

1,710

1,950

2,110

2,110

2,030

1,950

1,790

1,500

1,870

1,500

1,360

1,160

1,160

1,100

1,030

1 030

1 030 lUoo

1 030

1 030

1*030

May.

965

1,030

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,030

1,030

965

965

845

815

785

785

845

875

905

965

965

965

905

905

QfiK

1,100

1,360

1,570

1 A4A

1,790

1 ? 790

June.

1,640

1,570

1,430

1,220

1,160

1,100

965

965

905

845

815

875

965

1,030

1,100

1,160

1,430

1 430

1,500

1,570

1,500

1,710

1,640

1 640

1,640

1,710

1,710

1,710

July.

1,640

1,640

1,640

1,570

1,430

1,500

1,570

1,500

1,430

1,430

1,360

1,360

1,290

1,500

1,950

2,110

2,110

1,950

1,870

1,790

1,710

1,710

1 640

1 Wl

1 430

1^360

1,220

Aug.

1,160

1,220

1,360

1,500

1,640

1,710

1,710

1,640

1,360

1,100

one

905

Qftc

875

785

755

725

725

665

638

610

610

583

555

500

jLt P;

Sept.

420

OQK

370

345

34K

332

309

300

300

300

304

07^

420

^QP;

395

370

345

345

322

314

300

3ftn

345

370

610

NOTE. Discharge computed from a rating curve poorly defined below and well defined above 800 second - 

feet. Discharge Nov. 15-24 and Dec. 10 to Mar. 30, estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records; braced figures show mean discharge for period included.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 71

Monthly discharge of Crow River at Rockford, Minn., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915. 

[Drainage area, 2,520 square miles.]

Month.

December. ..............................

March. ..................................

April.. ..................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

845 

472 

395

4,030

3,670 

1,790 

1,710 

2,190 

1.710 

610

Minimum.

472

1.030

785

815 

1,220 

445 

300

Mean.

653 

353 

281 

137 

137 

1,380 

1,690 

1,070 

1,330 

1,650 

1,010 

354

842

Per

square 

mile.

0.259 

.140 

.112 

.054 

.054 

.548 

.671 

.425 

.528 

.655 

.401 

.140

.334

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

0.30 

.16 

.13 

.06 

.06 

.63 

.75 

.49 

.59 

.76 

.46 

.16

4.55

Accuracy.

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C.

MINNESOTA RIVER NEAR MONTEVIDEO, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 17, T. 117 N., R. 40 W., at the highway bridge 1 mile south of 

Montevideo, Chippewa County, 500 feet below the mouth of the Chippewa 

River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 6,300 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 23, 1909, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream hand rail of the bridge near the left bank; 

read twice daily, morning and evening, to quarter-tenths, by Ben O. Brown. 

Datum of gage lowered 2 feet September 16, 1909, and 1 foot additional July 29, 

1910, to avoid negative readings. All gage heights referred to latest datum.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel and rock; practically permanent. There is a slight 

rapid, just below the gage, but the control section is not very well denned. The 

banks are of medium height and will overflow at a stage of about 14 feet.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 11.1 feet at 5.30 

p. m. July 22 (discharge, 3,160 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during 

open-~water periods, 3.5 feet, November 16 (discharge 314 second-feet). A flow 

of 114 second-feet was measured by current meter on January 23; the absolute 

minimum was probably somewhat lower.

1909-1915: Maximum stage recorded, approximately 14 feet May 7, 1912 (discharge about 6,300 second-feet based upon high-water measurements made in 

April, 1916); mean discharge for this date should be about 5,900 second-feet 

instead of 4,000 second-feet as published in Water-Supply Paper 325, page 103. 

The discharge for a few succeeding days as published in that report is probably 

somewhat too low. Minimum stage recorded during open water, 1.36 feet July 

29 and August 4, 1911 (discharge, 25 second-feet). A flow of 6.8 second-feet was 

measured by current meter on February 9, 1912.

WINTER FLOW. Seriously affected by ice; flow estimated from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. No control on the Minnesota River above the station. The control of 

the Chippewa River at the plant of the Chippewa Milling Co., in Montevideo, 

produces a slight fluctuation in the stage of the Minnesota River at the gage.

ACCURACY. Results are considered good; channel permanent; curve is well denned.
72 STJEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PAET V.

Discharge measurements of Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

[Made by S. B. Sould]

Date.

Dec. 19o.......................

Mar. 316.......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.90

3.63

11.09

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

233

114

2,290

Date.

July 22. ......................

A 7ltr 91

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

11.06

6.38

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3.240

I

icn

» Made through complete ice cover.

6 Open at gage; control partly ice-covered.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1.. ............

2.. ............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7.. ............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15...'..........

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28

29..............

SO..............

31..............

Oct.

568

542

490

466

466

442

466

466

466

542

648

703

759

759

788

788

817

846

846

846

817

788

788

788

788

675

703

731

731

731

Nov.

f{AQ

fi?^

731

OAQ

KfiQ

466

542

568

KAO

568

542

542

516

466

314

363

Dec.

255

Jan.

127

Feb.

218

Mar.

943

Apr.

[2,520

1

2,510

2,410

2,320

2 280

2' 280

2

OOft

2,360

2

qcrt

2,320

2

00 rt

2 ion

2,140

2 inn

1 960

1,'870

1,820

1 740

1*650

1,570

1,570

1,610

1,570

1 ftQfl

1,610

i con

May.

1.570

1 Mf>

1.570

1.530

1,380

1,920

1,920

1,920

2 nnn

1,920

1,780

1 fiQn

1,650

1 P^n

1,610

1,530

1,570

1,530

1,490

1,410

i ion

1,480

1,470

1,460

1,450

1,490

1,490

1,570

1 530

l'530

1 

' 490

June.

1,490

1,410

1,380

I

Onn

1,230

1,230

1 200

l'200

1,130

1,030

1,030

1 nqn

1,030

1,030

998

967

967

1,100

1,200

1,270

1 S4fl

1 340

1*340

I

oon

1,410

1,410

1,450

1,570

1 C90

1^780

July.

1 S7H

1,920

1,960

1 960

1 960

1,920

1,920

1,870

1,870

1,870

1,820

1,780

I

fiOH

1,820

2

fififl

a

rjan

2,910

3,010

3,110

3,110

3,110

3 1fift

3,110

3

AfiA

3,010

2,910

2

Qin

2,710

2,610

2,510

2 

' 460

Aug.

2,460

2,410

2,320

2,280

2 -ion

2 inn

2

f\Kf\

1 Qfin

1,870

" 1 7ftn

I

fion

1,610

1,530

I

Acn

I

QQn

1 Q/1O

1,300

1,200

1,160

1,130

1 ft fin

998

QQQ

Qfi7

846

846

Qftfi

846

Sept.

0-117

7CQ

fyo-i

7Q 1

621

703

648

675

621

CQJ.

KQJ.

621

594 co-i

KfiQ

7rtQ

648

703

f{AQ

648

675

648

CO!

A*>1

648

ftylO

NOTE. Discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 314 and 3,160 second-feet. Discharge Nov. 17 to Apr. 4 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and _ «.-- -.,-. ,._ ;, ^~.._- _,.-- .- J,_^._... ,._ ...,., , , , , Discharge interpolated May weather records; braced figures show mean discharge for period included. 

22-24.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 73

Monthly discharge of Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 6,300 square miles.]

Month.

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

846 

731

2,000 

1,780 

3,160 

2.460

817

3,160

Minimum.

442

1,530 

1,380 

967 

1.690 

846 

594

Mean.

668 

462 

255 

127 

218 

943 

2,070 

1,600 

1,260 

2.430 

1,460 

657

1,020

Per

square 

mile.

0.106 

.073 

.040 

.020 

.035 

.150 

.329 

.254 

.200 

.386 

.232 

.104

.162

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.12 

.08 

.05 

.02 

.04 

.17 

.37 

.29 

.22 

.44 

.27 

.12

2.19

Accuracy.

A. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

MINNESOTA RIVER NEAR MANKATO, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 14, T. 108 N., R. 27 W., in Blue Earth County, at Sibley Park, 

2 miles above the center of Mankato and 1,000 feet below the mouth of Blue Earth 

River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 14,600 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 20, 1903, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage on the right bank of the river, about 1,000 feet below mouth of 

Blue Earth River; read once daily, to tenths, by Clarence Staley, observer for 

the United States Weather Bureau. The gage support is a substantial cantilever 

structure supported by two heavy posts resting in concrete footings, constructed 

and maintained by the TJ. S. Engineer Corps.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge in center of Mankato; at 

low stages by wading a short distance below gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream is of sand and light gravel; fairly permanent 

except during high stage; banks fairly high and do not overflow except for stages 

above gage height of 15 feet; no well-defined control.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 14.6 feet March 

(discharge, 23,100 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during open-water peri-- 

ods, 1.4 feet December 14 and 15 (discharge, 520 second-feet). A flow of 289 

second-feet which is probably very close to the actual minimum for the year, was 

measured by current meter January 28.

1903-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 21.2 feet, June 26,1908 (discharge, 43,800 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.5 foot August 31, September 1 and 2, 

1911 (discharge, 89 second-feet). The highest known stage of this river occurred 

in 1881, and is shown in Mankato by a well-marked line, which was approximately 

27 feet above the zero of the present gage. This stage is corroborated by Mr. M. 

B. Haynes, city engineer of Mankato, who states that the high water occurred 

after the ice went out, and was not caused by backwater. The corresponding 

discharge would be approximately 65,000 second-feet.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow estimated from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. The nearest dam on the Minnesota River is at Minnesota Falls, 140 

miles upstream. A dam on the Blue Earth at Rapidan, a few miles above the 

mouth, controls the flow of that river, which is approximately 20 per cent of that
74 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

at the Mankato station and produces considerable daily fluctuation at the gage,

amounting at times to over 1 foot. 

ACCUKACY. Results can not be considered better than fair; channel is somewhat

shifting. The gage is read only once a day, to tenths, and does not represent

accurately the mean daily stage on account of the diurnal fluctuation due to the

regulation of the Blue Earth. 

COOPEKATION. Since 1906 gage height record has been furnished by the U. S. Weather

Bureau.

Discharge measurements of Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

[Made by S. B. Soule\]

Date.

Jan. 286. .....................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.87

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

877

289

Date. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.66

6.64

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

7 540

5^ 600

o Made from highway bridge in Mankato about 2 miles below gage. 

t> Made from ice 500 feet below gage.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Minnesota River at Mankato, Minn., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1.............

2.............

3.............

4.............

5.............

6.............

7.............

8.............

9.............

10.............

11.............

12.............

13.............

14.............

15.............

16.............

17.............

18.............

20.............

21.............

22.............

23.............

24.............

25.............

26.............

27.............

28.............

29.............

30.............

31.............

Oct.

1,010

945

880

880

815

815

750

815

815

815

750

815

815

815

1,750

2,580

2,780

2.680

2,680

2,480

2,100

1,750

1,510

2,190

2,190

1,750

1,750

1,590

1,360

1,430

1,510

Nov.

1,220

1, 150

1,150

1,080

1,050

1,080

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,150

1,150

1,080

1,080

1,010

1,010

750

670

520

520

690

750

690

690

690

690

690

630

750

815

Dec.

815

880

815

815

815

690

690

690

630

630

570

570

570

520

520

1 510

Jan.

310

Feb.

2,200

Mar.

7,890

6,470

6.310

5,830

5,830

5,830

5,830

5,380

4,010

3,760

3,190

2,880

2,880

2,580

2,380

2,100

2,280

4,010

5,680

8 4fin

9,050

18,600

19,800

Oft RAft

90 IAA

99 7HH

21,700

Apr.

20,300

19,500-

18,600

17,600

16,200

15,900

14,700

15,500

15,000

15,200

14,300

13,500

13,100

12,200

11,100

10,900

9,850

8,850

8,270

7,340

6,810

5,230

5,230

5,090

4,810

3,520

3,880

4,530

4,670

4,270

May.

4,010

3,300

3,760

4,670

4,010

3,760

5,530

4,670

4,140

3,640

4,140

4,010

3,640

3,410

3,520

2,880

3,080

2,680

2,660

2,880

2.680

2,680

3,640

4,400

4 400

A Qcn

5,530

6,810

8,650

June.

8,460

7,890

7,340

6,640

6,470

6,810

7,160

6,470

5,990

6,150

5,830

6,470

6,640

7 ^Mfl

6,810

5,090

5,090

4,950

4,670

4,950

4 950

5' 230

4,670

5,090

5,830

8 ft on

9

AZ(\

July.

8,270

7,890

7,160

6,640

6,310

5,990

6,470

7,890

7,520

9,850

9,250

8,850

8,460

7 70ft

7,700

7,160

8,270

11, 100

10, 700

19 ftftfl

12,400

11,800

11,100

10,700

9,850

10,300

8,850

7,160

7,160

Aug.

6,640

6,310

6,810

6,310

7,700

9,050

10,500

10,900

9,650

9,050

7,160

6,470

5,990

6,310

5,990

6,150

5,530

4 950

6,230

4 950

4,950

4,810

4,670

4,400

4,810

4,670

A QR(\

4,670

4

AAA

4,140

Sept.

4,010

4,400

3,760

3,410

3,300

3,080

2,680

2,480

2,580

2,380

2,100

2,280

2,580

2,680

2,580

2,780

2,980

3

OQA

4,140

3 flJfl

3,190

2 son

2,680

2,880

2,980

2,680

2

CQA

2,680

2,480

NOTE. Discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well denned between 877 and 7,540 second-feet. 

Indirect method for shifting channels used for Oct. 1 to Nov. 25. Discharge Dec. 16 to Feb. 28, estimated, 

because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records; braced figures show 

mean discharge for period included.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 75

Monthly discharge of Minnesota River at Marikato, Minn., for the year ending Sept. 80,

1915.

[Drainage area, 14,600 square miles.]

Month.

October.. . ..............................

November. .............................

March.. .......... .......

April....................................

July.....................................

The year..... .....................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,780 

1,220 

880

23,100 

20,300 

8,650 

9,450 

12,400 

10,900 

4,400

23,100

Minimum.

750 

520

2,100 

3,520 

2,680 

4,670 

5,990 

4,140 

2,100

Mean.

1,480 

891 

593 

310 

2,200 

9,080 

10,900 

4,040 

6,270 

8,840 

6,260 

2,980

4,500

Per 

square 

mile.

0.101 

.061 

.041 

.021 

.151 

.623 

.747 

.277 

.429 

.605 

.429 

.204

.308

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.12 

.07 

.05 

.02 

.16 

.72 

.83 

, .32 

.48 

.70 

.49 

.23

4.19

Accuracy.

C.

c.

C. 

C. 

D. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C.

LAC QUI PARLE RIVER AT LAC QUI PARLE, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 26, T. 118 N., R. 42 W., at the highway bridge at Lac Qui Parle, 

in Lac Qui Parle County, a short distance above mouth of Threemile Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 838 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 27, 1910, to November 15, 1914, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Vertical staff gage bolted to downstream Gushing Bridge pier supporting the 

right end of the bridge; read daily, mornings, to quarter-tenths, by Chas. A. 

Gould.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At high and medium stages made from downstream 

side of bridge; at low stages by wading a short distance below the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream consists of gravel; shifts slightly during flood 

stages. There is a fairly well-defined low-water control a short distance below 

the gage. At and above the gage the banks are high and do not overflow; below 

the gage, in the vicinity of the control, the banks are low and overflow during 

high water.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 1.25 feet October 16 

and 17 (discharge, 42 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.55 foot October 

1 (discharge, 4 second-feet).

1910-1914: Maximum stage recorded, 7.6 feet May 5 and 6, 1912; discharge, 

1,550 second-feet; minimum stage recorded during open-water periods: 0.25 foot 

October 4,1913 (discharge, 0.2 second-foot); a flow of 0.1 second-foot was measured 

February 22, 1913.

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; observations discon-' 

tinued.

REGULATION. At Dawson, about 10 miles above the station, a dam about 8 feet high, 

which impounds considerable water, was constructed during the late summer of 

1913. Probably the extreme low stage of last part of September and the first part 

of October, 1913, is due to the retention of water to fill this reservoir, but no further 

regulation is contemplated at this dam, and no other dams control the flow.

ACCURACY. Results considered fair, owing to shifting of channel and the fact that the 

rating curve is only fairly well defined.

No discharge measurements were made at this station during the year.
76

jL/Qfily (MA

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

, in second-feet, of Lac Qui Parle River at Lac Qui Parle, Minn.,for the 

period Oct. 1 to Nov. 15, 1914.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

4..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

Oct.

4

6

6

5

6

5

4

4

4

8

Nov.

22

20

20

20

19

18

16

16

16

16

Day.

11..............

12.............. is...........;..

14..............

in

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

Oct.

8

22

34

37

38

42

42

SQ

3834-

Nov.

15

IS

15

15

6

Day.

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30

31..............

Oct.

V)

si

30

28

28

25

25

25

24

99

24

Nov.

NOTE. Discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined between 14 and 678 second-feet and 

fairly well defined below 14 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Lac Qui Parle River at Lac Qui Parle, Minn.,for the period Oct. 1

to Nov. 15, 1914.

[Drainage area, 838 square miles.)

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

42 

22

Minimum.

4 

6

Mean.

21.9 

16.6

Per 

square 

mile.

0.261 

.198

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.30 

.11

Accuracy.

B. 

B,

CHIPPEWA RIVER NEAR WATSON, MINN.

LOCATION. On the line between sections 10 and 15, T. 118 N., R. 41 W., at highway 

bridge 2£ miles northeast of Watson, Chippewa County; about 10 miles above 

mouth of river, and about 2 miles below mouth of Dry Weather Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,940 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 27, 1910, to September 30, 1915. From July <j to September 17, 1909, four discharge measurements were made at the station.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of the bridge, near left bank of river; 

read once daily in the afternoon, to hundredths, by Clifford Bonde.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At medium and high stages made from downstream 

side of bridge, to which gage is attached; at low stages made by wading a short 

distance above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed consists partly of sand and light gravel and partly 

clay; shifts somewhat. The right bank slopes gradually, and the width of the 

stream increases rapidly as stage increases from 10 to 12 feet.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 12.9 feet July 18 

(discharge, 2,260 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 5.9 feet December 11 

(discharge, 225 second-feet).

1910-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 13.5 feet July 2, 1914 (discharge, 2,660 * 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded during open-water periods, 3.90 feet August 7, 8, and 9,1910 (discharge, 11 second-feet); discharge for a stage of 3.95 feet 

July 30, 1911, was only 6 second-feet, due to a shift, in the control. A flow of 

1.7 second-feet was measured by current meter February 9, 1912.

i Differs from the maximum published in "Water-Supply Paper 385, p. 102, because of a revision of the 

rating curve due to additional highwater discharge measurements obtained in 1915.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASIN. 77

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; observations discontinued during winter.

REGULATION. There was formerly possibly some slight regulation due to the operation of a flour mill working under an 8-foot head at Hagan, but this dam is out 

present so that the flow is natural.

ACCURACY. Results good.

Discharge measurements of Chippewa River near Watson, Minn., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

[Made by S. B. Sottle\]

Date.

July 21 .............................................................................

Au?. 20. ............................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

12.61

7.62

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,120

480

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chippewa River near Watson, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

' Day.

1.. .........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7. ......................... -

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

01

Oct.

297

297

282

282

267

239

239

239

239

312

422

439

439

456

473

490

508

508

508

490

490

473

456

422

422

406

390

374

358

358

OCQ

Nov.

342

327

312

297

312

358

097

0-19

9Q7

297

282

009

267

oco

312

Dec.

312

312

9Q7

297

9Q7

312

297

OQO

267

OOQ

225

Apr.

~668

604

564

545

564

646

668

564

564

668

668

646

646

625

604

604

564

545

526

561

604

584

584

604

625

604

May.

604

584

604

691

738

738

646

646

625

604

564

545

526

526

564

526

526

526

526

526

526

526

545

646

691

691

691

714

714

June.

691

646

584

545

508

526

490

473

439

422

406

374

390

390

374

374

374

456

584

625

646

691

691

714

738

691

787

891

1,000

1,060

........

July.

1,120

1,150

1,150

1,120

1,060

1.030

L030

972

945

945

891

838

787

1,960

2,010

2,110

2,160

2,260

2,160

2,160

2,110

2,060

1,960

1,910

1,810

1,710

1,620

1,540

1,460

1,380

1,380

Aug.

1,340

1,310

1,310

1,210

1,180

1,120

1 060

972

.918

891

838

787

738

691

646

604

584

564

526

490

490

456

456

439

422

406

390

422

406

406

390

Sept.

374

358

358

358

342

342

334

327

312

297

297

. 312

342

358

358

358

374

374

358

342

327

320

312

312

312

327

327

327

342

NOTE. Discharge determined from a well-denned rating curve. Discharge relation affected by ice observations discontinued Nov. 16-29,1914, and Dec. 12,1914, to Apr. 4,1915. Discharge Nov. 16-29 estimated 

at 280 second-feet. Discharge interpolated July 28, Sept. 8, and Sept. 23.
78 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Chippewa River near Watson, Minn.. for the year ending Sept. 30,

1915. 

[Drainage area, 1,940 square miles.J

Month.

October. .............................. .

December 1-11 ..........................

April5-30...............................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

508 

358

738 

1,060 

2,260 

1,340 

374

Minimum.

239

526 

374 

787 

390 

297

Mean.

385 

293 

285 

602 

613 

586 

1,510 

725 

338

Per 

square 

mile.

0.198 

.151

.147 

.310 

.316 

.302 

.778 

.374 

.174

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

0.23 

.17 

.06 

.30 

.36 

.34 

.90 

.43 

.19

Accuracy.

A. 

C. 

B.

A.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

ST. CROIX RIVER AT SWISS, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 33, T. 42 N., R. 15 W., at highway bridge near post office at Swiss, 

Burnett County, 10 miles northeast of Danbury, Minn., on Minneapolis, St. Paul 

& Sault Ste. Marie Railway, about 2 miles above point where St. Croix River 

becomes the boundary line between Wisconsin and Minnesota. Totogatic River 

enters from the left about 3J miles above the station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,550 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and Natural 

History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 20, 1914, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Cast-iron staff gage bolted to iron post at left end of bridge; read morning and 

evening, to quarter-tenths, by Capt. Richard Goldschmiedt. In August the iron 

post was replaced by a concrete pier, on which the gage was placed August 31.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel, smooth; aquatic plants during summer months 

cause a small amount of backwater at the gage. Right bank high and not subject 

to overflow; left bank of medium height and may possibly overflow during extreme 

high water.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.4 feet at 6.35 

p. m. June 19 (discharge, 4,500 second-feet); minimum discharge, 827 secondfeet, recorded by discharge measurement made January 25.

1914-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 4.4 feet at 6.35 p. m. June 19, 1915 (discharge, 4,500 second-feet); minimum discharge, 754 second-feet, recorded by 

measurement made March 13, 1914. The absolute minimum occurs during the 

winter period and is not accurately determinable.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow determined from 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

ACCURACY. Rating curve well defined over limits covered by gage readings. No 

diurnal fluctuation. Some uncertainty exists as to the permanency of conditions 

of channel and effect of plant growth, so that open-water records for part of the 

year are only fair.

Discharge measurements of St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis., during the year ending Sept. SO,

1915.

Date.

Nov. 6

Feb. i2a

Made by 

S.B. Soule1 ...... .......

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.05

2.18

2.46

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,040

827

84.9

Date. Made by 

H. C. Beckman........

S. B.SouW... ..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.75

2.34

.94

Eschar ge.

Sec.-ft. 

913

2,050

901

<* Made under complete ice cover.
.UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASIN. 79

Daily disdiarge, in second-feet, of St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis.,for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1915.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4... ...........

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

g

10..............

11..............

19

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..... ..........

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

1.200

1,160

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,160

1,130

1,130

1,100

1,100

1,160

1,160

1,160

1 isn

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,100

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

Nov.

1,070

1,070

1 040

1*070

1,070

1 040

1 040 I'oio

1 040

1 Odn

1 040

1^070

1,070

1,100

1,100

1,070

1,050

1,500

Dec.

1,500

1,160

930

Jan.

875

850

815

Feb.

850

870

1,030

Mar.

930

970

1,150

Apr.

1,820

1 (\Af\

1,130

1,240

1,340

1,570

1,820

2,120

2 ion

2 09/1

2,320

2,430

2 Q9/1

2,220

2,120

2,120

2,120

2,020

2,020

1,920

1,820

1 fi9fl

1,730

1,730

1,730

1 7QA

1,730

1,820

1,920

1,820

May.

1,820

1 7SO

1,920

2

fiort

2 19/1

2 19/1

2,120

2,120

2,120

2 1 9/1

2,120

2 1 9/1

2 1 9/1

2,020

2,120

2 OQA

3,840

3,970

3,590

3,470

3,470

3,470

3 Qf;f»

3,110

2

Q7A

2

(JCA

2,540

2,120

1,920

1,650

June.

1,570

1 jlQft

1,410

1 340

1^270

1,530

1

7QA

2,220

2

QOA

2,320

2,220

2,120

2,120

2,120

2,120

2,020

1,820

2,650

4f230

3 970

3 'Tin

S EQft

3,470

3,110

2,870

2,540

2,220

2,020

1,920

July.

1 73fl

1,650

1 dfi

1,630

1,530

1,530

1,530 i 4on

1,410

i ssn

1,340 i tftn

1,270

1,270

1,410

1,490

1,450

1,410

1 340

1,270

1 240

1^200

i i^rt

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,100

1,100

Aug.

1,010

1,010

1,100

1,100

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,100

1,070

1,070

1 040 I'oio

1,010

1,010

980

QRft

980

944

920

QAQ

QQfl

0*7 F

865

865

896

QftQ

QQfi

880

885

896

914

Sept.

QQA

850

845

845

850

ooc

902

880

880

QflQ

950

1,070

1,070

1,130

1,130

1,100

1,040

980

1,010

980

950

980

1,100

1,160

1,160

1,200

1,160

NOTE. Discharge computed as follows: Oct. 1-25, by the indirect method, because of backwater from 

aquatic plants hi channel; Oct. 26 to Nov. 16, and Apr. 1 to July 31 from a well-deflned rating curve; Aug. 1 

to Sept. 30, from a fairly well defined rating curve. .

Discharge Nov. 17 to Mar. 31, estimated because of ice from dicharge measurements, observer's notes, and 

weather records; braced figures show mean discharge for period included.

Monthly discharge of St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis.,for year ending Sept. 30. 1915. 

[Drainage area, 1,550 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

May.. ...................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,200

2,430 

3,970 

4,230 

1,730 

1, 130 

1,200

4,230

Minimum.

1,070 

1,010

1,040 

1,650 

1,270 

1,100 

865 

835

Mean.

1,110 

1,200 

1.190 

846 

909 

1,020 

1,870 

2,520 

2,410 

1,340 

981 

982

1,370

Per

square 

mile.

0.716 

.774 

.768 

.546 

.586 

.658 

1.21 

1.63 

1.55 

.865 

.633 

.634

.884

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.83 

.86 

.89 

.63 

.61 

.76 

1.35 

1.88 

1.73 

1.00 

.73 

.71

11.98

Accuracy.

B. 

0. 

D. 

0. 

0. 

D. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B.
80 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

ST. CEOIX RIVEE NEAR ST. CROIX FAL-IiS, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 18, T. 34 N., R. 18 W., Polk County, at the power plant of the 

Minneapolis General Electric Co., on the Wisconsin side of St. Croix River near 

St. Croix Falls, Wis., about 50 miles above the confluence of St. Croix and Mississippi rivers near Hastings, Minn. Apple River, draining an area wholly in 

Wisconsin, enters from the left about 20 miles below the station; Snake River, 

draining an area in Minnesota, enters from the right, about 35 miles above the 

station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 5,930 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 10,1902, to June 30,1905; January 1,1910, to September, 30, 1915. Data for 1903 published in Water-Supply Paper No. 98, pp. 176- 

177, under St. Croix River near Taylors Falls, Minn.

DISCHARGE. Determinations of discharge based on kilowatt output of dynamp and 

exciters plus flow over dam and spillway, considered as a weir.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum discharge recorded during year, 15,100 secondfeet June 22; minimum discharge recorded, 686 second-feet, March 7, 1915.

1902-1905 and 1910-1915: Maximum discharge recorded, 33,500 second-feet 

May 6, 1912; minimum discharge recorded, 75 second-feet July 17, 1910; the 

minimum discharge is not natural but caused by regulation.

REGULATION. Low-water flow controlled by operation of gates of power plant and 

by storage and release of water at Never's dam several miles upstream.

ACCURACY. Records have not been checked, nor have discharge measurements 

been made by engineers of the United States Geological Survey; probably reliable.

COOPERATION. Records furnished by the Minneapolis General Electric Co.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Croix River near St. Qroix Falls, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4... ...........

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

IS..............

19............ .

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

t»ct.

3,380

3,390

3,210

1,620

3,040

3,190

3,130

3,160

3,170

3,000

1,250

2,910

3 f\A(\

2,950

3,030

3,060

2,840

2,280

3,560

3 91(1

3 1 nn

3 ton

2,970

1,510

2,660

9 son

2,740

2,730

2,700 

2,610

Nov.

1,120

2,790

2,540

2,590

L2,580

2,610

2,500

996

2,600

2 fi4fi

2,750

2 7fiO

2,760

1,160

2 fifin

2 600

2

O7rt

1,690

1,480

2 OCA

1,200

2 200

2 OKA

1 OfiA

2,410

2

qoA

911

2,690

Dec.

9 7Qrt

9 7^n

2,850

3,040

1,190

2,600

2 77(1

2,300

1,460

2,030

QQQ

I Ofin

1,380

i QQA

1,700

2 OCA

1,210

1,560

1 460

l'840

2 91ft

903

1,490

985

1,450

1,560

1,360 

2,210

Jan.

1,200

2,480

1,080

2,240

1,560

1,950

2,460

1,160

1,750

1,750

1 800

l'800

1,970

2

qnA

987

1,730

i 7j2A

1,710

1,640

1,420

2,240

onr

1,570

ty AOA

1 660

1 ' r AA

i 7ft.n

2,030 

1,020

Felt.

1,310

1,350

1,400

1,500

9 97fl

1,020

1,520

1,600

1,600

1,820

2 360 '952

1,890

2

1 Rf\

2 HA(1

1 QAA

2 040

899

2 400

2,110

2 9nn

2 inn

I

con

2

A.QA

1,340

.......

Mar.

2,010

2,010

1,990

2,060

2

ftOA

2 030

686

1,970

2

o«n

2,100

2,120

1,950

I CQA

079

1 860

i Qfin

2 Qfin

3,180

2 OKA

1,720

2 i(j0

2 AQA

3,110

3 7Cft

3,740

3 71(1

3 CCft

2

JCA

2,930 

3,020

Apr.

2,740

2,480

2,930

3,350

3,310

3,890

4 400

5^320

7 74(1

7,820

6,820

7,310

S Afin

7 Q4A

6,610

6,640

7,990

5

QOA

6,280

5,930

5,980

6 900

5' 970

5,570

7,130

6,940

7 s.firt

9 7nn

9 OCA

9,330

May.

7,970

6,310

6,870

7,140

10,700

11,400

11,300

10,400

9,240

8,730

8,490

7,880

5,820

6,480

6,070

8 7Cft

11,200

19 CAA

12 900

11,600

11,100

10,200

10.100

9,710

9 3^n

6 OCA

8

00A

6,240

6,520 

4,800

June.

2,980

4,200

3,470

3,250

3,300

3,530

3,000

3,610

4 fUfl

3,730

4,490

5,990

6,050

8,130

9,330

7 fisn

5,980

7 7Q(1

11,300

1 q KAA

i^ son

15,100

13,600

iq CAA

11,000

9

AQA

11,200

7,510

8,330

6,200

July.

6,980

6,480

5,830

3,890

4,320

4,590

4,460

4,490

3,380

3,710

3,040

3,070

3,130

3,850

3,630

3,850

3,780

3,810

4 i^n

3

4qri

3,050

2,820

2,800

2 680

1 1QA

2,780

2,430

2

KfiA

2,580

2,540 

2,180

Aug.

1,160

2,440

2,730

2,740

2,650

2,370

2,370

1,020

2,420

2,670

2,440

2,430

2,200

2,010

1,100

2,200

2,300

2,320

2,380

2 OVI

1,240

2,360

2 7nn

2 74(1

1,590

1,630

1,700

1,060

1,670 

1,630

Sept.

1,550

1,700

1,760

1,950

1,360

1,370

1,730

1,390

1,410

1,270

1,540

1,440

1,450

1,600

1,680

1,880

1,880

2,210

1.860

1,800

1,870

2,270

2,210

2,020

1,670

2,220

2,070

2,280

2,330

NOTE. Discharge computed by the Minneapolis General Electric Co. See "Discharge" in station 

description.
TIPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASIN. 81

Monthly discharge of St. Croix River near St. Croix Falls, Wis., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1915.

[Drainage area, 5,930 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,560 

2,790 

3,040 

2.480 

2,400 

3,750 

9,980 

12,900 

15,100 

6,980 

2,740 

2,330

15,100

Minimum.

1,250 

911 

903 

895 

899 

686 

2,480 

4,800 

2,980 

1,190 

1,020 

1,270

686

Mean.

2,840 

2,200 

1,860 

1,740 

1,750 

2,390 

6,300 

8,850 

7,490 

3,600 

2,090 

1,800

3,580

Per

square 

mile.

0.479 

.371 

.314 

.293 

.295 

.403 

1.06 

1.49 

1.26 

.607 

.352 

.304

.604

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.55 

.41 

.36 

.34 

.31 

.46 

1.18 

1.72 

1.41 

.70 

.41 

.34

8.19

NOTE. Computed by engineers of the United States Geological Survey from records of daily discharge 

furnished by the Minneapolis General Electric Co.

NAMAKAGON RIVER AT TREGO, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 35, T. 40 N., R. 12 W., Washburn County, at Chicago & North 

Western Railway bridge at Trego, about 20 miles above confluence of Namakagon 

and Totogatic rivers.

DRAINAGE AREA. 420 square miles. (Revised since last published by measurement 

on Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale, 

1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 11, 1914, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Enameled staff fastened to retaining wall, left bank of river, Just above railroad bridge; read once daily, in the morning, to quarter-tenths, by G.'E. Krenz.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from lower chords of railroad bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel; free from vegetation; banks medium high and 

do not overflow. Small island downstream with rapids on either side forms the 

control; channel fairly permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 2.6 feet May 18 to 21 

(discharge, 1,020 second-feet); minimum discharge 276 second-feet (recorded by 

discharge measurement made December 30).

1914-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 2.6 feet June 28, 29, and July 1 to 3,1914, 

and May 18 to 21, 1915 (discharge, 1,020 second-feet). Minimum discharge, 264 

second-feet (recorded by measurement made March 11, 1914).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow estimated from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

ACCURACY. Rating curve well defined over a range in stage covered by gage heights; 

channel permanent; records excellent.

Discharge measurements of Namakagon River at Trego, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date. Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.62

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

97fi

325

Date.

Mar. 16

Aug. 26

Made by 

H. T. Critchlow........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.60

1.61

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

367

372

» Complete ice cover.

47878° WSP 405 17-
82 SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Natnakagon River at Trego, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

444

444

444

417

qoq

393

444

444

417

417

444

472

417

472

564

532

444

472

444

iT>

472

444

417

417

417

417

417

417

417

Nov.

417

417

417

417

417

417

369

369

369

393

393

417

417

417

369

369

393

QQq

393

369

369

417

444

i.T)

472

472

502

532

Dec.

417

417

417

417

417

430

144

418

qnq

395

295

Jan.

 295

 325

290

Feb.

300

330

320

Mar.

1

1 AAfL

530

380

597

417

350

597

369

532

532

417

417

369

369

417

393

snq

Apr.

393

369

417

417

000

532

597

664

664

RCA

RfiA

t><fi

597

597

630

597

COO

502

597

532

CAO

502

444

444

444

564

564

502

502

May.

502

444

532

502

trno

564

532

564

564

RV>

564

564

AQ7

564

597

597

Q4d

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,020

QAA

044

768

768

768

TM

RRA

664

630

June.

630

t>V>

502

472

iT>

733

873

838

768

698

fifii

630

698

664

664

597

532

f!Q7

908

908

944

Q44

908

733

T?<?

733

597

597

597

532

July.

532

597

KQ7

532

564

444

532

564

t>V>

417

K,(V>

597

5Q7

532

K,(V>

532

444

444

417

417

417

417

444

444

417

393

417

Aug.

417

369

qoq

qnq

444

444

417

417

OQQ

OQQ

OQQ

°.Q°.

OQO

417

417

369

393

OQO

°.Q°.

369

369

OCA

qqo

350

369

qco

350

332

350

393

369

Sept.

OfSQ

QCA

OKA

qCA

QpTA

qco

qcrt

qcA

350

369

qcrt

369

q«Q.

417

444

417

417

417

417

444

417

qQQ

OQQ

qQQ

444

417

417

417

444

444

NOTE. Discharge computed as follows: Oct. 1 to Dec. 9 (except Dec. 2, 4, 6, and 8, interpolated). Mar. 

16 to Sept. 30, from a rating curve well defined below 733 second-feet; discharge for Mar. 22 interpolated; 

gage apparently recorded in error. Discharge, Dec. 10 to Mar. 15, estimated, because of ice, from discharge 

measurements, observer's notes, and weather records; braced figures show mean discharge for period 

included.

Monthly discharge of Namakagon River at Trego, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1915. 

[Drainage area, 420 square miles.]

Month.

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

564 

532

597 

664 

1,020 

944 

597 

444 

444

1,020

Minimum.

393 

369

332 

444 

472 

393 

332 

350

Mean.

442 

417 

366 

303 

316 

449 

532 

698 

690 

485 

385 

393

457

Per 

square 

mile.

1.05 

.993 

.871 

.721 

.752 

1.07 

1.27 

1.66 

1.64 

1.15 

.917 

.936

1.09

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.21 

1.11 

1.00 

.83 

.78 

1.23 

1.42 

1.91 

1.83 

1.33 

1.06 

1.04

14.75

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

KETTLE RIVER NEAR SANDSTONE, MINN.

LOCATION. At quarries of Barber Asphalt Co. at Banning, 3 miles above Sandstone,

Pine County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 825 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 18, 1908, to September 30, 1915.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 83

GAGE. Vertical staff, in two sections, bolted to rock wall on right bank of river, 

about 300 feet above the steam power house of the Barber Asphalt Co.; read twice 

daily, to quarter-tenths, by F. L. Betts.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge, about 1 mile above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Solid rock; permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.8 feet May 17 

and 18 (discharge, 2,580 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during openwater periods, 1.1 feet December 22 (discharge, 70 second-feet).

1908-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 6.7 feet, June 29, 1914 (discharge, 5,770 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.7 foot November 30, 1912 (discharge, 

approximately 12 second-feet).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice, not, however, for so 

long a period as at most gaging stations in the same latitude, owing to the fact 

that a decided rapids about 50 feet below the gage constitutes the control. The 

published discharge for winter periods in which the open-channel rating curve is 

not applicable has been based on gage readings and a comparison of the records 

with those for Snake River.

ACCURACY. Results considered excellent. Control permanent, except from the lodging of logs or debris on the rapids, which rarely occurs; rating curve well defined.

The following discharge measurement was made by S. B. Sould, July 31, 1915. 

Gage height, 1.45 feet; discharge, 116 second-feet. This measurement was made at 

the bridge, 2,000 feet above gage. Because of the extremely low velocity at this 

stage, the result is subject to considerable error. As the control is permanent, this 

measurement was disregarded in the preparation of estimates for 1915.

Daily discharge in second-feet of Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

I..............

3...-........--

4..............

5... ...........

6..............

7..... .........

8..............

910..............

11..............

12..............

is

14... ...........

15. ............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25....... .......

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

370

343

316

288

288

288

288

288

288

330

420

420

398

375

375

330

309

288

288

288

288

288

291

294

297

300

303

306

309

296

282

Nov.

269

265

261

258

254

250

233

216

216

216

216

216

210

204

198

192

186

181

176

170

165

160

160

160

160

160

160

148

136

130

Dec.

124

118

112

112

112

112

112

108

103

99

94

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

70

84

Jan.

80

Feb.

63

Mar.

100

288

309

309

288

9fiQ

269

269

269

250

Apr.

288

309

330

375

420

442

465

490

675

800

935

935

900

865

865

800

768

675

648

620

620

620

675

1,340

1,520

1,520

1.520

1,520

1,430

1,260

May.

1,*130

1,170

1,680

2,200

2,200

1,990

1,890

1,700

1,610

1,430

1,260

1,170

1,010

1,010

1,610

2,320

2,580

2,580

2,440

2,090

i QQfl

1,890

1,610

1,430

1,170

1,090

1,010

905

800

705

675

June.

648

565

540

515

515

735

900

1,170

1,090

1,090

1,090

1,010

1,010

935

935

865

935

865

832

800

1,090

1,260

1,770

July.

1,090

1,010

935

865

800

735

675

620

592

565

515

515

465

442

515

865

420

330

330

288

269

250

233

216

216

216

201

188

174

161

148

Aug.

148

141

141

141

148

148

141

141

141

136

136

136

136

136

136

136

136

136

131

131

131

124

124

124

124

124

117

117

117

117

117

Sept.

117

117

112

119

112

108

108

108

101

101

160

91 c

216

91 c

186

186

186

173

160

141

on

90

Q/\

101

108

119

NOTE. Discharge Oct. 1 to Dec. 22 and Mar. 23 to Sept. 30, except as noted below, computed from a 

well-defined rating curve. Discharge interpolated as follows: Oct. 1-3, 23-28, 30-31; Nov. 2-5, 7,9-11, 

13-16,18-21, 23-26, 28, 30, Dec. 1, 2, 4, 5,8-11, Mar. 28, Apr. 4, May 3, and July 28-30. Discharge Dec. 23 to 

Mar. 22, estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 

Discharge June 7-14, estimated because no gage height record was available. Braced figures show mean 

discharge for period included.
84

Monthly di

SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

of Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn., for the year ending Sept. 30 j 

1915.

[Drainage area, 825 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

May....................................

July........... ........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

420 

269 

124

309 

1,520 

2,580

1,090 

148 

216

2,580

Minimum.

282 

130

288 

675 

515 

148 

117 

90

Mean.

317 

198 

94.6 

80 

63 

152 

821 

1,560 

916 

479 

133 

133

414

Per 

square 

mile.

0.384 

.240 

.115 

.097 

.076 

.184 

.995 

 1.89 

1.11 

.581 

.161 

.161

.502

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.44 

.27 

.13 

.11 

.08 

.21 

1.11 

2.18 

1.24 

.67 

.19 

.18

6.81

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A.

SNAKE RIVER NEAR PINE CITY, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 26, T. 39 N., R. 21 W., at the Changwatana power station of the 

Eastern Minnesota Power Co., 600 feet below dam belonging to that company, 

3,500 feet below Cross Lake, 2 miles below Pine City, and about 11 miles above 

the mouth, in Pine County.

DEAINAGE AREA. 915 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 26, 1913, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Staff gage attached to stone retaining wall in front of the power plant on the 

left bank of the river, read about eight times daily, to hundredths, by E. W. Barnum and other employees of the Eastern Minnesota Power Co. This gage is 

used for determining the flow over the dam during periods when all of the flow 

does not pass through turbines.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At low and medium stages made by wading; at high 

stages from bridge about 1,800 feet above the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream rock and heavy gravel; both banks in the 

vicinity of the gage are high and are not likely to overflow. Zero flow at stage 

of 0.2 foot.

DETERMINATION OF FLOW. Flow determined by adding to the flow through the 

turbines the flow over the crest of the dam as obtained from readings of the staff 

gage. The flow through the turbines is computed from hourly relcords of the 

gate openings and head.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum mean daily discharge during year, 1,890 secondfeet May 22; minimum mean daily discharge, 49 second-feet, January 10.

1913-1915: Maximum mean daily discharge, 4,140 second-feet July 2, 1914; 

minimum mean daily discharge, 33 second-feet February 11, 1914.

WINTER FLOW. All the water goes through the wheels in winter; flow estimated from 

gate openings and head.

REGULATION. Power plant at the station is operated with a varying ligUt and power 

load, causing daily and weekly fluctuations in discharge at low stages. No 

appreciable regulation above plant.

ACCURACY. Results at medium and high stages considered excellent; at low stages 

fair to good. Conditions favorable for estimating the waste by means of the 

river gage; estimates of flow through the wheels probably less accurate, but as 

they are based on 24 readings of the gate opening daily, the accuracy jshould range 

from fair to go6d.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASItf. 85

COOPERATION. The hourly records of gate openings of the turbines and head and 

reading of the river gage are furnished by the Eastern Minnesota Power Co. 

Results for last part of current year computed by the employees of the company 

by means of the rating curves prepared by the U. S. Geological Survey. Computations have been checked by the Survey.

The following discharge measurement was made by S. B. Soule" from the highway 

bridge a short distance above the dam:

May 19, 1915: Gage height (river gage), 2.65 feet; discharge, 1,560 second-feet. Of 

this amount 208 second-feet passed through the turbines of the power plant and 

1,352 second-feet were wasted over the dam and. represents the flow past the river

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Snake River near Pine City, Minn.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3. .............

4..............

5... ...........

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..... ........ .

11..............

12. .............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16. .............

17. .............

18.. ... .........

19. .............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24.. ............

25..............

26..............

27... ...........

28..............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

406

368

341

241

308

288

252

245

232

219

109

197

236

258

263

269

270

173

252

258

248

240

242

233

182

259

261

250

206

182

220

Nov.

Ill

197

200

249

185

161

223

%

170

220

227

221

211

185

98

176

184

204

95

95

131

65

129

146

170

90

114

129

77

116

Dec.

130

128

130

134

130

69

129

131

134

126

126

128

68

105

109

113

93

101

122

74

100

98

90

70

64

76

59

73

71

67

67

Jan.

57

56

51

68

77

72

67

65

76

49

73

70

82

68

74

82

65

69

68

68

69

85

73

68

70

83

79

79

76

69

62

Feb.

73

66

68

68

72

70

51

61

62

65

67

66

66

57

66

69

66

80

80

91

61

93

98

97

97

102

103

67

Mar.

104

210

108

111

98

81

50

97

124

121

114

119

123

65

150

222

282

363

416

460

456

466

465

522

547

574

579

569

553

458

450

Apr.

404

358

333

311

397

407

447

584

523

591

547

592

601

603

583

553

522

463

514

493

498

512

534

565

568

767

1 000

1,160

1,260

May.

1,290

1,160

1,170

1,170

1,140

1,180

1,180

1,280

1,280

1,280

1,270

1,190

1,040

896

789

845

1,020

1,270

1,500

1,680

1,820

1,890

1,840

1,800

1,580

1,420

1 300

1^140

984

875

812

June.

757

653

538

458

454

411

556

424

390

356

411

407

448

532

667

658

621

807

965

1,240

1,470

1.510

1,450

1,330

1,180

1,010

897

896

QKK

1,020

July.

1,100

1,120

1,070

975

914

843

762

707

611

580

509

506

469

487

534

628

791

815

852

786

703

632

572

514

432

421

389

360

318

265

Aug.

179

219

197

221

224

209

200

142

192

190

181

179

166

139

98

151

161

117

107

119

134

76

124

120

110

96

119

141

75

119

118

Sept.

119

116

112

121

80

108

110

113

114

71

103

110

95

103

102

100

100

105

63

107

108

109

99

102

103

60

97

98

97

100

NOTE. Discharge determined by adding the flow of the river opposite the power house, determined from 

a well-defined rating curve, to the flow through the power house. See "Determination of discharge" In 

station description.
86 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Snake River near Pine City, Minn., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1915.

[Drainage area, 915 square miles.]

Month.

October. ................................

November..... . .........................

January..................................

April....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

406 

249 

134 

85 

103 

579 

1,260 

1,890 

1,510 

1,120 

224 

121

1,890

Minimum.

109 

65 

59 

49 

51 

50 

311 

789 

356 

265 

75 

60

49

Mean.

249 

156 

100 

70.0 

74.4 

292 

 597 

1,260 

782 

645 

149 

101

375

Per 

square 

mile.

0.272 

.170 

.109 

.077 

.081 

.319 

.652 

1.38 

.855 

.705 

.163 

.110

.410

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.31 

.19 

.13 

.09 

.08 

.37 

.73 

1.59 

.95 

.81 

.19 

.12

5.56

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B.

APPLE RIVER NEAR SOMERSET, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 21, T. 31 N., R. 19 W., St. Croix County, at the power plant of the 

St. Croix Power Co., 3J miles below Somerset and 2 miles above the mouth of the 

river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 550 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and Natural 

History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January, 1901, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Vertical staff; readings not used in determination of flow.

DISCHARGE. The discharge of the turbines in second-feet corresponding to the number of kilowatts is determined for each hour during the day from a record of the 

number of wheels in operation and the load; the sum of the discharge divided by 

24 gives the average discharge through the turbines. To this quantity is added 

the leakage through the average number of wheels idle each day, the sum giving 

the daily flow through the power house. Water is seldom wasted over the spillway 

of the dam, but when it is so wasted the quantity is computed from weir formulas 

and added to the flow through the plant. There is a constant leakage through the 

gate and flashboards amounting to 3 second-feet. This quantity has not been 

taken into consideration in computing the published records.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum mean daily discharge during year, 824 second 

feet April 7; minimum mean daily discharge, 104 second-feet August 29.

1904-1915: Maximum mean daily discharge, 2,280 second-feet June, 1905, 

minimum mean daily discharge, 38 second-feet May, 1910. No maximum and 

minimum records available for 1901-1903.

REGULATION. There are a number of power plants on the Apple River above the 

station. The pondage of these plants is small, and though the daily flow may be 

controlled to some extent the mean monthly flow probably corresponds closely to 

the natural flow.

ACCURACY. From 1901 to 1909 the discharge through the plant was determined from 

tables computed from data collected at tests on one of the turbines made at the 

flume of the Holyoke Water Power Co., Holyoke, Mass. In the summer of 1909 

engineers of the St. Croix Power Co. made tests on the water flowing through all 

the wheels as actually installed, by means of a sharp crested weir 710 inches long, 

located about 60 feet below the power house. These tests gave results about 3 

per cent larger than the Holyoke tests, and tables based on them have been used
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 87

in determining the discharge through the plant from 1909 to date. In June 

1914, a series of current meter measurements were made by the Wisconsin Railroad 

Commission and the United States Geological Survey, and a rating curve for the 

tailrace was developed. Twelve tests were then run with different wheels and 

loads. It was found that the discharge as determined by the current meter and 

the discharge as computed by the company agreed very closely, the percentage 

difference for the twelve tests ranging from 6.4 per cent to +1.8 per cent, with 

an average of 2.0 per cent; the discharge as determined by the company being 2 

per cent less than that determined by the current meter. 

COOPERATION. Records furnished by the St. Paul Gas Light Co., of St. Paul, Minn.,

Mr. Fred A. Otto, superintendent. 

No discharge measurements were made at this station during the year.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Apple River near Somerset, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1... ...........

2

4..............

5... . ........ --

6..............

7..............

B.... ..........

9

10..............

11..............

12.........---..

ID

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

219

294

244

307

216

284

273

321

262

305

283

349

269

339

240

317

294

294

231

306

224

326

265

319

228

312

186

344

210

310

248

Nov.

248

208

275

200

236

231

260

195

272

246

228

254

260

242

212

257

205

198

191

188

234

244

269

233

248

175

284

206

250

241

Dec.

279

194

257

204

265

200

269

216

247

203

232

206

144

194

199

159

206

211

252

163

245

177

238

186

224

168

226

186

245

180

230

Ja

1

?

1

?

5

S:< ;!

I

5

1

1

*

(

1

<

,

1

1

1

n.

99

52

74

,56

 07

.31

93

W!

77

M

85

163

72

59

94

39

61

32

no

31

 20

31

71

14

15

51

91

R2

95 27

65

Feb.

242

190

242

183

265

153

205

182

255

166

245

159

241

210

259

194

230

198

232

216

284

257

286

214

278

229

260

227

Mar.

283

221

256

212

283

190

276

263

284

254

338

242

299

229

315

345

373

426

384

336

337

271

340

432

525

409

449

460

457

410

367

Apr.

345

335

434

485

539

643

824

769

726

707

777

614

616

441

476

479

536

503

483

418

348

376

353

394

349

337

359

409

351

365

May.

346

318

307

373

272

278

235

332

269

383

323

346

290

343

271

289

318

323

338

456

423

570

612

544

589

567

360

380

274

440

393

June.

375

265

255

261

451

420

448

629

660

646

495

499

458

498

345

411

428

497

554

658

726

683

671

627

569

447

486

360

431

425

July.

414

315

413

325

381

363

346

363

357

372

360

267

374

401

523

631

591

459

542

578

525

423

434

327

332

273

358

304

302

277

304

Aug.

299

320

358

245

302

245

288

316

305

294

289

306

259

310

205

336

276

244

274

175

248

148

238

174

258

244

256

184

104

243

238

Sept.

214

183

199

204

174

138

224

235

212

236

233

157

231

252

218

187

272

249

195

312

282

233

181

268

224

169

248

227

225

247

NOTE. See note under "Discharge" in jitation description for account of method by which records are 

obtained.
88 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PAET V.

Monthly discharge of Apple River near Somerset, Wis.,for the year ending Sept, 30, 1915. 

[Drainage area, 550 square miles.]

Month.

December ...................... . .

January.............................. .

February. .....................................

April................................... . ....

May...........................................

July...........................................

The year ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum,

349

284 

279 

263 

286 

525 

824 

~ 612 

726 

631 

358 

312

824

Minimum.

186 

175 

144 

161 

153 

190 

335 

235 

255 

267 

104 

138

104

Mean.

278 

233 

213 

214 

225 

331 

493 

373 

489 

395 

257 

221

310

Per 

square 

mile.

0.505 

.424 

.387 

.389 

.409 

.602 

.896 

.678 

.889 

.718 

.467 

.402

.564

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.58 

.47 

.45 

.45 

.43 

.69 

1.00 

.78 

.99 

.83 

.54 

.45

7.66

CHIPPEWA RIVER AT BISHOPS BRIDGE, NEAR WINTER, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 23, T. 39 N., R. 6 W., Sawyer County, near highway bridge about 

3 miles downstream, from the East Fork of Chippewa River (coming in from the 

left) and 4 miles by road northwest of Winter.

DRAINAGE AREA. 775 square miles (measured on map published by the Wisconsin 

Geological and Natural History Survey, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 23, 1912, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Metal staff fastened to a wooden pier on right bank immediately above 

bridge January 27, 1914. Zero of this gage is 3.44 feet below the zero of the 

original wooden staff gage attached to the same pier and read prior to January 

27, 1914. Gage read twice daily, morning and evening, to quarter-tenths by 

John Edberg.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of highway bridge immediately below gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream composed of gravel, free from vegetation, 

and not liable to shift. Control, head of rapids, about 1,000 feet below gage. 

One channel at all stages; banks do not overflow.

EXTREMES op DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.65 feet 9 a. m. 

June 9 (discharge, 3,610 second-feet); minimum, stage recorded, 4.35 feet at 12.05 

p. m. November 16 (discharge, 287 second-feel).

1913-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 7.8 feet April 21 and 22, 1913 (discharge, 3,820 * second-feet); minimum discharge, 200 second-feet, recorded by 

discharge measurement made February 23, 1912.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow estimated from 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. Flow modified to some extent by operation of storage reservoir in sec. 

14, T. 41 N., R. 6 W., about 16 miles above the station. This reservoir has a 

capacity of 550,000,000 cubic feet and is used in connection with reservoirs on 

Upper Flambeau River for the purpose of regulating the flow of Chippewa River.

ACCURACY. Rating curve well defined; no diurnal fluctuation; channel and control 

permanent; observer reliable; open-water records believed excellent.

» Discharge published as 4,570 second-feet in United States Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 385 and 

Railroad Commission of Wisconsin water-power report to the Legislature, 19J4, based on an erroneous 

extension of the rating curve.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEE, BASIN. 89

Discharge measurements of Chippewa River at Bishops Bridge, near Winter, Wis., during 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Dec. llo

Jan. 8»

Feb. 8»

Mar. 15&

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. A on

5.65

c 74

6.11

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

AfiA

334

320

416

Date.

Apr. 16

July 15

Made by 

.....do.................

H. T. Critchlow. .......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.10

7.55

5.45

A Ad.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,530

3,460

QOft

312

a Partial ice cover on river. 6 Made through complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chippewa River at Bishops Bridge, near Winter, Wis., 

for the year ending Sept. 80, 1915.

Day.

1..............

2..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10..............

11..............

19

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25. .............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,170

1,070

975

885

800

760

725

725

660

630

725

760

725

725

690

660

630

630

602

tV7C

575

550

575

575

550

525

enn

475

475

450

425

Nov.

402

380

380

402

402

380

380

380

380

380

380

380

380

380

402

287

435

475

450

49 K

380

360

Dec.

380

402

402

380

380

380

1

435

450

375

Jan.

340

330

320

Feb.

320

340

370

Mar.

410

465

515

Apr.

535

575

630

725

930

1,120

1,330

1 f\fift

1 740

1^500

1 f\fift

1,560

1,620

1,620

1,680

1 800

1,920

2,180

I

ccn

1,620

1,560

1,500

1 Vlft

1 ^fift

I

ccn

I

KAfl

May.

1,440

1,380

1,380

1,440

1,380

1 380

1,500

1,680

1,740

1,680

1,680

1 680 I'eso

1,620

1,680

2,050

2

qin

2 31ft

2,310

2 180

2,440

2,570

2

K7A

2 44fl

2 44ft

2 31ft

2 180

I QQft

1 800

1*680

I

KCfl

June.

1,280

1,120

930

840

800

1,740

2,700

3,400

3,540

3,400

3,540

3,540

3,400

3,120

2 7ftft

2,570

2 31ft

9 ISA

2,310

2 1SA

2,180

2,180

2

AKA

1,920

1,860

1,800

1,680

1

CCA

1 44ft

1

QQA

July.

1,120

1,070

1,020

975

930

840

800

760

725 Aon

fion

660

660

760

840

930

930

840

800

760

795

760

840

660

630

fifi9

575

KKfl

^9*1

tAA

475

Aug.

425

380

450

525

690

Ron

575

575

"Wl

575

525

enfi

47 K

450

49 K

402

360

OOrt

340

340

340

322

GOO

304

3ft4

304

304

3ft4

099

304

Sept.

3ft4

322

304

322

322

304

304

Sfl4

OfM

304

304

304

322

380

475

525

C7K

630

690

760

725

 725

630

K7K

550

fifin

Aon

630

630

630

NOTE. Discharge computed as follows: Oct. 1 to Nov. 16, Nov. 25 to Dec. 6, Apr. 6 to Sept. 30, from a 

rating curve fairly well defined below 930 and above 2,060 second-feet, and well defined between these 

limitsi Low water on Nov. 16 was caused by ice gorge which held back the water above the gage. DischargeNov. 17-24 and Dec. 7 to Apr. 5 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements observer's 

notes, and weather records; braced figures show mean discharge for period indicated.
90

Monthly di

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

of Chippewa River at Bishops Bridge near Winter, Wis.,for the year 

ending Sept. 30,1915.

[Drainage area, 775 square miles.]

Month.

November ..............................

December. ..............................

April....................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1.170

475

2,180

2,570 

3,540 

1,120 

690 

760

3

KJA

Minimum.

425

1,380 

800 

475 

304 

304

Mean.

671 

402 

409 

330 

341 

465 

1,300 

1,890 

2,190 

763 

422 

483

806

Per 

square 

mile.

0.866 

.519 

.528 

.426 

.440 

.600 

1.68 

2.44 

2.83 

.985 

.545 

.623

1.04

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.00 

.58 

.61 

.49 

.46 

.69 

1,87 

2.81 

3.16 

1.14 

.63 

.70

14.14

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B.

CHIPPEWA RIVER NEAR BRUCE, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 4, T. 35 N., R. 7 W., Rusk County, at the Minneapolis, St. Paul & 

Sault Ste. Marie Railway bridge 1 mile east of Bruce. Thornapple River enters 

from the right immediately above the station, and Flambeau River from the 

right about 21 miles below.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,380 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and Natural 

History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 31, 1913, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage, attached to downstream side of bridge; read twice daily, morning 

and evening, to quarter-tenths by H. C. Gardner.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge to which gage is 

attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sand and small gravel; free from vegetation; first and second 

channels from the west fairly permanent; third channel nearest east bank has a 

tendency to fill during low stages with sand worked in by Thornapple River. 

Flow is at all times within the banks.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year,7.05 feet at 6.45 a. m. 

May 18 (discharge, 5,940 second-feet); minimum discharge, 501 second-feet, recorded by measurement made February 3.

1914-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 9.32 feet at 6.45 a. m. April 30, 1914 

(discharge, 8,620 second-feet); minimum discharge, 405 second-feet, recorded by 

measurement March 5, 1914. The absolute minimum was probably about 350 

second-feet during the last part of February, 1914.

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow estimated from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION . Flow modified to some extent by reservoir on the West Fork of Chippewa 

River, in sec. 14, T. 41 N., R. 6 W. This reservoir has a capacity of 550 million 

cubic feet and is used in connection with reservoirs on Upper Flambeau River, 

for the purpose of regulating the flow of Chippewa River. No diurnal fluctuation 

observed.

ACCURACY. Estimates of flow above 2,500 second-feet believed excellent; below 

2,500 second-feet estimates may be somewhat in error, owing to the filling of the 

channel during periods of low flow.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 91

Discharge measurements of Chippewa River near Bruce, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Nov. 5

Feb. 3»

Made by 

M.F.Rather. .........

E.G. Becfrman........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.88

2.88

3.05

Discharge.

8ec.-ft.

745

564

501

Date.

Mar. 17&

Apr. 7

Made by 

M.F.Rather..........

H.T.Critchlow........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.49

3.68

1.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

708

2,400

552

o Made through complete ice cover.

6 Made through partial ice cover.

c One channel filling with sand brought down by Thornapple River.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chippewa River near Bruce, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1. .............

2..... .........

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,870

1,780

1,680

1,500

1,410

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,500

1,590

1,590

1,500

1,410

1,320

1,230

1,100

1,060

1,060

1,020

977

938

938

938

977

938

862

862

825

825

Nov.

790

755

755

755

755

755

720

720

720

685

685

685

665

755

755

820

800

Dec.

865

795

605

Jan.

560

650

550

Feb.

510

650

680

Mar.

510

720

950

Apr.

}

[ 945

I

2,060

2,460

3,260

3,560

4,310

4,640

4,310

3,870

3,460

3,260

3,260

3,260

3,160

3,160

3,260

3,060

2,960

2,960

3,060

3,060

2,860

3,160

3,870

3,870

3,360

May.

2,860

2,660

2,560

2,860

2,860

2,660

3,160

3,870

3,870

3,460

3,160

3,060

3,060

2,860

2,660

3,760

5,540

5,880

5,190

4,640

4,530

5,650

5,880

5,190

4,530

4,530

3,980

3,460

3,060

2,660

2,460

June.

2, ISO

1,960

1,780

1,500

1,500

2,460

4,090

4,530

4,860

4,970

4,860

4,860

4,860

4,530

4,090

3,660

3,260

3,060

4,090

4,420

3,870

3,660

3,360

3,060

2,860

2,660

2,460

2,260

2,160

2,060

July.

1,870

1,670

1,580

1,520

1,480

1,430

1,360

1,300

1,240

1,190

1,300

1,420

1,390

1,230

1,820

3,160

3,260

2,520

1,780

1,510

1,460

1,410

1,280

1,200

1,180

1,150

1,110

1,090

1,050

1,020

985

Aug.

877

893

965

1,190

2,040

1,990

1,740

1,530

1,300

1,150

1,130

1,020

933

997

925

830

778

742

707.

693

644

630

630

623

595

574

560

554

560

616

536

Sept.

595

595

588

574

574

560

560

560

548

548

530

530

548

756

877

1,010

957

965

1,020

1,130

1,140

1,100

1,020

965

925

1,180

1,480

1,400

1,190

1,170

NOTE. Discharge determined as follows: Oct. 1 to Nov. 15, and Apr. 6 to July 31, from a rating curve 

fairly well definedpelow 2,500 second-feet, and well defined between 2,500 and 6,000 second-feet; Aug. 1 to 

Sept. 30, from a rating curve fairly well defined between 550 and 1,000 second-feet, and poorly defined above 

1,000 second-feet; Nov. 16 to Apr. 5 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Braced figures show mean flow for period included.
92 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Chippewa River near .Brace, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1915. 

[Drainage area, 1,380 square miles.]

Month.

October. ................................

May....................................

July....................................

September ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,870

4,640

5,880 

4,970 

3,260 

2,040 

1,480

5,880

Minimum.

825

2,460 

1,500 

985 

536 

530

Mean.

1,240 

769 

750 

585 

609 

734 

2,940 

3,760 

3,330 

1,510 

934 

853

1,500

Per 

square 

mile.

0.898 

.557 

.543 

.424 

.441 

.532 

2.13 

2.72 

2.41 

1.09 

.677 

.618

1.09

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.04 

.62 

.63 

.49 

.46 

.61 

2.38 

3.14 

2.69 

1.26 

.78 

.69

14.79

Accuracy.

B. 

0. 

D. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

C.

CHIPPEWA RIVER AT CHIPPEWA FALLS, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 7, T. 28 N., R. 8 W., at the highway bridge at Chippewa Falls, 

Chippewa County, 2,500 feet below the mouth of Duncan Creek coming in from 

the right.

DRAINAGE AREA. 5,600 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 22,1888, to September 30,1915. The gage was originally 

established by the Chippewa Lumber & Boom Co., which has kept a continuous 

record since 1889. Since 1904 the United States Weather Bureau has obtained 

gage readings during the flood season of each year. On June 1,1906, the United 

States Geological Survey began making discharge measurements and obtained 

gage readings when no record was obtained by the Weather Bureau.

GAGE. Friez water-stage recorder installed January, 1914, on web between the two 

piers supporting first right-hand span and about 10 feet upstream from gage formerly used by United States Weather Bureau; gage referred to the original 

datum. Prior to installation of this recording gage readings were taken from a 

painted staff gage on the cylindrical pier at the right end of bridge. See WaterSupply Paper 355, page 118, for reported error in this gage, found August 19,1913.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Heavy gravel; fairly permanent; both banks high and will 

rarely overflow.

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.12 feet at 6 a. m. May 

23 (discharge, 24,100 second-feet); minimum discharge, 959 second-feet, recorded 

by discharge measurement made March 8; absolute winter minimum probably 

somewhat lower owing to regulation.

1888-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 26.03 feet December 6, 1896. September 

10, 1884, a stage of 26.03 feet was reached; discharge not estimated; minimum 

stage recorded, 0.8 foot July 24,1910 (discharge, approximately, 460 second-feet).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow determined from 

discharge measurements, recording gage graph, observer's notes, and weather 

records.

REGULATION. Some fluctuation is caused by the operation of power plant about 

half a mile above gage. The greatest fluctuation is, however, caused by the 

operation of larger plants above, notably the plant of the Brunet Falls Manufac-
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 93

taring Co., at Cornell, Wis. As a result of storage in the headwaters of Chippewa 

and Flambeau rivers, the recorded monthly flow does not represent natural flow. 

ACCURACY. Rating curve well defined; recording graph accurate; open-water 

records excellent,

Discharge measurements of Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis., during the year

ending Sept. 30,, 1915.

Date.

26«

27«

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

4T,

Feet. 

1.10

1.52

.74

1.30

1.67

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2 680

1,760 i non

1,730

Date.

Feb 1«

So

9a

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

II. T. Critchlow........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

.92

.72

.49

1.26 i ru

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1 060

1^210

QCQ

1 860

2,600

» Made through complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1........

2. .......

3........

5........

6........

7........

8........

9........

10........

11........

12........

13. .......

14........

15. .......

16........

17........

18........

19........

20........

21........

22........

23........

24........

25........

26........

27........

28........

29...... . 

30........ q-i

Oct.

5,490

5,120

4,490

4,130

4,010

3,660

4,130

4,130

3,530

4,860

4,740

4,990

6,840

6,420

6,010

5,620

5,240

4,620

4,490

4,250

4,010

3,780

3,900

3,660

3,290

3,440

3,220

3,240

3,150 

2,960

3,020

Nov.

2,960

3,040

2,850

2,780

2,810

2,720

2,780

2,760

2,600

2.740

2,600

2,720

2,850

2,830

2,830

2,850

2,560

2 1 fin

1,970

2,270

2,200

2,160

1,940

2,200

1,960

2,580

2,620

2,540

3,400 

2,830

Dec.

2,160

3,090

3,110

3,330

3,200

3,070

3,330

2,560

2,310

2

*>*>A

2,350

i ooft

2,350

1,700

Jan.

1,450

1,300

1,350

Feb.

1,450

1,520

1,820

Mar.

1,830

2,090

2,830

Apr.

2,910

3,020

3,220

4,620

7 400 lo'goo

14,000

16,600

17 fiftft

19,400

20,400

19,400

14 700

13,100

12,500

12,500

11,500

11,200

10,600

10,000

10,000

10/300

10,300

9,720

10,000

10,900 

10,600

May.

7,980

7,980

<7 Qon

8,850

8,850

9

4*>n

11,500

1*> 4f)A

12,800

11,200

10,300

9,1^0

8,850

8,270

12,200

16,600

16,000

15,600

21,100

23,700

22,200

19,000

15,300

14,000

11, 500

10,300 

8,560

7,690

June.

6,700

5,620

5,490

5,180

4,860

5,620

7,690

10,900

12,500

13,400

13,100

13,400

12,800

12,500

11,500

10,300

9,430

8,560

9,430

12,500

13,700

12,500

11,200

10,000

8,560

7,980

6,580

5,180

3,780 

4,860

July.

4,740

4,620

4,250

4,130

3,780

3,510

3,660

3,260

3,240

3.900

8,850

8,850

6,420

6,280

7,690

9,720

10,600

8,560

6,280

5,120

4,860

4,130

3,900

3,660

3,900

3,530

4.010

3,550 

3,480

3,150

Aug.

2,870

3,900

7,400

15,300

21,500

21,500

19,500

17,200

15,000

12,800

10,600

8,400

6,200

4,250

4,010

3,660

3,550

3,550

3,130

3,000

2,850

2,440

2,560

2,740

2,270

2,380

2,310

2,480

2,400 

2,310

2,600

Sept.

2,640

2,500

2,540

2,520

2,420

2,330

2,040

2,500

2,440

2,250

1,810

2,020

1,880

2,580

3,330

6,700

7,260

6,840

7,400

5,880

4,990

4,620

4,250

4,250

4,130

4,010

6,840

8,270

7,400 

7,120

NOTE. Discharge determined as follows: Nov. 7, May 15-16, June 3-5, and 26-30, and Aug. 6-14, partly 

estimated; Oct. 1 to Dec. 14, and Apr. 1 to Sept. 30, with the exception of the above days, from a rating 

curve well denned between 2,390 and 23,700 second-feet. Discharge, Dec. 15 to Mar. 31, estimated, because 

of ice from discharge measurements, recording graph, observer's notes, and weather records. Braced 

figures show mean discharge for period indicated.
94 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Montiily discharge of Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 5,600 square miles.]

Month.

October. ................................

March... ................................

May..... ....................... ..........

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

6,840 

3.400 

3,330

20,400 

23,700 

13,700 

10,600 

21,500 

8,270

23,700

Minimum.

2,960 

1,940

2,910 

7,690 

3,780 

3,150 

2,270 

1,810

Mean.

4,340 

2,600 

2,280 

1,370 

1,580 

2,270 

11,200 

12,400 

9,190 

5,130 

6,920 

4,190

5,310

Per 

square 

mile.

0.775 

.464 

.407 

.245 

.282 

.405 

2.00 

2.21 

1.64 

.916 

1.24 

.748

.948

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.89 

.52 

.47 

.28 

.29 

.47 

2.23 

2.55 

1.83 

1.06 

1.43 

.83

12.85

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

C. 

A.

WEST FORK OF CHIPPEWA RIVER AT LESSARDS, NEAR WINTER, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 34, T. 40 N., R. 6 W., in Sawyer County, at Lessards, about 1 mile 

above mouth of East Fork of Chippewa River, coming in from the left, and 8 

miles by road northwest of the post office of Winter.

DRAINAGE AREA. 485 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and Natural 

History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 22, 1911, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. July 18 to Sept. 30, 1915, a sloping gage on the right bank, about 100 feet 

below old staff gage; datum set so that it would read the same at medium stage 

of water; Dec. 22, 1911, to July 17, 1914, vertical staff and metal gage fastened 

to log booms on right side of river. Gage read during 1915 twice daily, morning 

and evening, to half-tenths by Miss Ulda Lessard.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a boat at a section near old staff gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Banks medium high; seldom overflow; channel heavy 

gravel and not liable to shift. Control, head of rapids a short distance below 

gage. During certain periods logs lodge on this control and cause backwater.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.25 feet at 8 a. m., 

June 10 (discharge, 1,790 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 5.0 feet, August 

and September (discharge, 170 second-feet).

1911-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 6.8 feet, April 22 to 26, 1913 (discharge, 

1,960 second-feet); minimum discharge, 127 second-feet, recorded by measurement February 23, 1912.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow determined from 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. A dam at outlet of Moose Lake, T. 41 N., R. 6 W., has a capacity of 

550 million cubic feet. This reservoir is operated to increase the low-water flow 

in the lower Chippewa River.

ACCURACY. Owing to the presence of logs on the control during a large part of the 

year, possible error in gage datum prior to July 17, and possible errors in gage 

readings, the published records are only fair.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN". 95

Discharge measurements of West Fork of Chippewa River at Lessards, near Winter, Wis., 

during the year ending Sept. 30,1915.

Date.

Jan. 86

Feb. 80

Made by 

H. C. Beckman........

.....do.................

S. B. Soule1 .... .........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.20

6.10

6.25

6.54

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

235

2*6

202

304

850

Date.

July 16

17

25e

Made by 

S. B. SouLS...... .......

.....do.................

H. T.Critchlow........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.18

<Z5.81

<*5.03

<*5.03

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,720

646

579

176

186

a Partial ice cover on river.

& Made through complete ice cover.

c Logs jammed on control section.

d Gage height refers to new slope gage. 

e Small amount of grass in control section.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Fork of Chippewa River at Lessards, near Winter, 

Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1...... ........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7.. ............

8. .............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

770

770

445

300

Nov.

262

262

245

245

245

190

190

190

190

190

190

190

190

245

94 c

215

215

215

245

245

245

94 c

245

245

245

Dec.

245

245

245

245

245

1 245

225

215

Jan.

240

235

200

Feb.

195

235

270

Mar.

280

315

330

Apr.

385

545

1,250

1,060

1,020

1,020

970

885

885

800

715

71 1

758

715

715

715

May.

715

715

715

758

800

800

800

842

885

928

970

970

1,020

1,060

1,110

800

800

928

928

970

970

1,020

1,020

1 ftffi

1 060

l'l60

1 ftfifi

928

800

750

June.

ovU

1,440

1,540

1,740

1,640

1,540

1,340

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,060

970

928

970

970

1.020

1,060

1,020

970

970

1,020

1,020 928-

842

July.

800

758

715

630

630

592

555

555

630

800

460

460

490

555

630

630

555

600

4nn

Aug.

465

212

258

282

306

306

306

258

258

258

258

258

235

235

212

212

212

212

212

212

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

191

191

170

170

Sept.

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

235

235

258

258

282

282

282

410

410

410

465

465

465

465

410

383

356

383

383

NOTE. Discharge determined as follows: Oct. 1 and 2, Apr. 17 to May 29, June 8 to July 16, from curves 

based on discharge measurements made when Ibgs were present on the control; Oct. 29 to Dec. 6, July 17,18, 

and Aug. 1 to Sept. 30, from curves representing open-channel conditions; Oct. 3-28, Apr. 6-16, June 1-8, 

and July 19-31, when control was obstructed by logs or gage readings were unreliable, estimated from flow 

of Chippewa River at Bishop's Bridge. Dec. 7 to Apr. 5. estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for period indicated.
96

Monthly dii

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

of West Fork of Chippewa River at Lessards, near Winter, 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 485 square miles.§

'is., for

Month.

October.. . ..............................

April....................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

262

1,250

1,160 

1,740

800 

465 

465

1,740

Minimum.

262 

190

715

170 

170

Mean.

450 

230 

227 

224 

231 

309 

671 

911 

1,070 

524 

228 

290

448

Per 

square 

mile.

0.928

.474 

.468 

.462 

.476 

.637 

1.38 

1.88 

2.21 

1.08 

.470 

.598

.924

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.07 

.53 

.54 

.53 

.50 

.73 

- 1.54 

2.17 

2.47 

1.24 

.54 

.67

12.53

Accuracy.

C.

c!

c. 

c. 

c.

B.

C.

c.

B. 

A.

FLAMBEAU RIVER NEAR BUTTERNUT, WIS.

LOCATION. In the NW. J sec. 28, T. 40 N., R. 1E., in Ashland County, about 6 miles 

northeast of Butternut and 7 miles upstream from Park Falls.

DRAINAGE AREA. 660 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and Natural 

History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles). ,

EECORDS AVAILABLE. July 30,1914, to September 30,1915.

GAGE. Vertical cast-iron staff gage attached to posts driven into the right bank of 

river; read twice daily, morning and evening, to quarter-tenths, by Miss Mathilda Schultz.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable about 1,500 feet downstream from 

the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel at the gage composed of mud and rock; left bank 

is low and likely to overflow; right bank slopes back gradually to high-water 

mark; at the cable site, 1,500 feet below the gage, the channel is rocky and the 

banks high. Control is head of Schultz Rapids, 1,700 feet below the gage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. 1914-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 6.2 feet at 1 p. m. 

June 10, 1915 (discharge, 2,840 second-feet); minimum discharge, 365 secondfeet, recorded by measurement November 19, 1914.

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow estimated from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. Storage reservoirs are maintained by the Chippewa & Flambeau Improvement Co. on the headwaters of Flambeau River. Of these reservoirs, Rest 

Lake, in sec. 9, T. 42 N., R. 5 E., with a capacity of 1,500,000 cubic feet, is the

ACCURACY. Rating curve well defined over range in stage covered by gage heights; 

no diurnal fluctuation; channel permanent; open-water records excellent.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVER BASIN. 97

Discharge measurements of Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Jan. 76..

Feb. 45..

Mar. 125.

Made by 

G.H.Canfleld... ......

H.C.Beckman.........

G.H.Oanfield..........

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1 fi9

1.65

1.68

1 <U

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

365

466

385

408

Date.

Apr. 86..

A fir IS

Aug. 12 .

Made by 

M.F. Rather... ........

S. B. Soule".............

.....do.................

H.T.Chritchlow.......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.00

3.85

5.94

2-55

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

512

1,310

2,640

7AO

a Partial ice cover, control practically open. 5 Measurement made through complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis., for the years ending

Sept. 30, 1914-1915.

Day. July. Aug. Sept. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Day. July. Aug. Sept.

1914.

10.

725

673

624

616

616

577

577

547

518

841

962

962

940

940

940

918

918

859

832

760

1914.

940

940

1,010

1,010

962

1,030

1,080

1,100

1,050

985

805

814

810

895

1,100

1,120

1,220

1,220

1,220

1,170

1914.

764

774

940

1,010

1,050

1,030

1,030

1,050

985

962

890

859

1,120

1,300

1,220

1,220

1,170

1,140

1,100

1,050

1,030

940

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept.

1914-15.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18. 

19-

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26. 

27-

28.

29.

30.

31.

940

886

841

796

787

751

734

742

738

738

782

769

738

751

751

738

738

699

707

694

694

657

632

632

665

632

632

657

682

682

682

699

707

751

814

823

796

782

734

751

764

716

400

460

495 430 380 385

445 430 380 395

395 420 390 375

430

449

914

1,380

1,410

1,440

1,370

1,300

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,300

1,280

1,220

1,120

1,120

1,100

1,080

1,030

1,010

1,030

1,030

985

872

850

850

940

940

1,080

1,200

1,280

1,250

1,080

1,080

1,010

940

940

1,170

1,380

1,440

1,300

1,200

1,200

1,500

1,620

1,620

1,560

1,380

1,330

1,220

1,220

1,120

1,050

1,010

940

886

841

805

2,070

2,210

2,560

2,700

2,840

2,700

2,490

2,350

2,210

2,000

1,940

1,870

1,680

1,870

1,940

1,800

1,800

1,740

1,620

1,500

1,380

1,330

1,280

4,280

1,280

1,220

1,170

1,080

1,030

940

850

716

673

632

592

632

673

716

760

805

850

850

760

760

716

716

716

716

760

716

632

632

554

592

673

805

850

895

940

895

850

805

716

673

673

716

716

760

760

766

760

760

760

716

760

805

805

850

805

850

850

850

805

805

760

716

716

673

673

632

632

592

554

592

716

805

850

895

940

940

940

895

850

850

940

940

1,120

1,120

1,120

1,120

1,120

NOTE. Discharge July 30 to Nov. 16,1914, and Apr. 9 to Sept. 30,1915. except Apr. 10.12,14, and 17, determined from a well-defined rating curve; discharge Apr. 10,12, and 14 interpolated. Discharge Nov. 17 

to Apr. 8 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements and weather records, the observer's 

notes not being used on account of unstability of gage during winter period; braced figures show mean 

discharge for period indicated.

47878° WSP 405 17 7
98 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis.,for the years ending Sept. SO,

1914-1915.

[Drainage area 660 square miles.]

Month.

1914.

1914-15.

April. . .................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1.100 

1,300

940 

823

1,440 

1,620 

2,840 

1.220 

940 

1,120

2,840

Minimum.

518 

760

632

850 

805 

592 

554 

554

Mean.

878 

1,020

727 

599 

443 

126 

383 

385 

967 

1,180 

1,760 

778 

774 

830

772

Per 

square 

mile.

1.33 

1.55

1.10 

.908 

.671 

.645 

.580 

.583 

1.47 

1.79 

2.67 

1.18 

1.18 

1.26

1.17

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

1.53 

1.73

1.27 

1.01 

.77 

.74 

.60 

..67 

1.64 

2.06 

2.98 

1.36 

1.36 

1.41

15.87

Accuracy.

A. 

A.

A. 

B. 

C. 

C.

c. 

c. 

c.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

FLAMBEAU RIVER NEAR LADYSMITH, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 20, T. 35 N., R. 5. W., Rusk County, at H. J. Cornelissen's farm, 

about 6 miles by road northeast of Ladysmith, 20 miles above mouth of river, 

and 19 miles below mouth of South Fork of Flambeau River, 1 coming in from 

the right.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,940 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and Natural 

History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 2, 1914, to September 30, 1915. From February 

15, 1903, to December 2, 1906, records were collected at a station in the city of 

Ladysmith, three-fourths of a mile south of the Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault 

Ste. Marie Railway station, half a mile below the dam of the Menasha Pulp Co. 

and about 6 miles below the present station.

GAGE. Chain, fastened to a cantilever arm, supported by two trees on the left bank 

of the river, on the farm of H. J. Cornelissen; read twice daily, morning and 

afternoon, to quarter-tenths by H. J. Cornelissen.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable across the river about 200 feet below

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel, gravel and sand; free from vegetation and fairly 

permanent; at the gage section channel is divided by a small sandy island in the 

center; at the cable section the river flows in one channel; banks are medium 

high, wooded, and do not overflow; control not well defined, formed by the channel below the gage.

EXTREMES or DISCHARGE. Maximum stage when channel was clear of ice and logs 

recorded during year, 7.2 feet at 7 p. m. May 17 (discharge, 9,520 second-feet); 

minimum discharge 552 second-feet, recorded by discharge neasurements made 

February 2. The absolute minimum discharge during the winter period probably 

is somewhat lower.

1903-1906 and 1914-1915: Maximum discharge recorded, 12,800 second-feet 

May 28 and 29, 1903; minimum discharge, 390 second-feet December 4, 1904.

i Called Dore Flambeau in Water-Supply Paper 385, p. 136.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 99

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by surface and slush ice; flow 

estimated from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

EEGULATION. The Chippewa & Flambeau Improvement Co. operates storage reservoirs on Best Lake and smaller reservoirs on Manitowosh and Turtle Rivers and 

Bear Creek. Weekly fluctuations at the gage are caused by the operation of 

power plants at Park Falls and by the storage reservoirs; no daily fluctuation 

has been observed.

ACCURACY. Rating curve fairly well developed over a range in stage covered by 95 

per cent of the gage heights. Control permanent; no marked diurnal fluctuation; 

open-water records good; winter records only fair owing to presence of surface 

and slush ice, which makes it extremely difficult to measure the discharge accurately and which causes more than a ususl amount of backwater at the gage.

Discharge measurements of Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis., during the yeer ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Nov. 6

Mar. 18a

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.65

3.88

3.70

3.75

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,290

646

552

599

Date.

14

Made by 

M. F. Bather.. ........

S. B. Soul<§... ..........

.....do.................

H. C. Beckman........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.20

4.95

5.23

3.38

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,330

4,240

5,030

2,160

<> Made through complete ice cover; ice on control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis., for the years 

. ending Sept. 30, 1914-1915.

Day.

1913-14. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23... ...........

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.

1,100

1

Feb.

860

750

Mar.

640

630

~

Apr.

1,000

2,000

2,700

3,640

3,330

3,480

2,900

2,900

2,840

3,960

4,200

4,930

6,680

9,640

9,240

May.

7,840

6,500

6,320

5,440

4,760

4,760

4,120

4,200

4,200

4,280

3,960

3,880

3,880

3,640

3,480

3,640

3,640

3,640

3,180

3,960

3,400

3,480

2,330

2,220

2,250

2,130

1,930

1,910

3,960

3,480

2,970

June.

2,770

2,370

2,090

3,180

3,110

3,400

2,900

2,770

2,410

2,150

1,860

1,560

1,430

1,320

1,230

1,340

1,080

1,120

1,190

1,340

1,230

1,060

1,160

2,200

4,440

5,100

5,610

6,140

5,960

5,710

July.

5,440

4,760

4,600

4,200

3,480

3,330

3,260

2,200

1,930

1,800

1,660

1,630

2,170

2,450

2,590

2,560

2,430

2,130

2,010

1,850

1,720

1,600

1,520

1,460

2,020

1,620

1,930

1,770

1,600

1,470

1,460

Aug.

1,450

1,240

1,240

1,220

1,020

944

972

1,030

916

963

1,010

1,360

1,620

1,670

1,780

1,890

1,930

2,030

1,860

2,540

2,510

2,270

2,340

2,720

2,970

2,760

2,610

2,500

2,320

2,250

2,080

Sept.

2,050

2,280

2,510

2,490

2,330

2,220

2,130

2,020

1,890

1,730

1,860

2,030

2,170

2,280

2,770

3,480

3,560

3,960

3,880

3,260

3,110

2,970

3,480

3,480

3,330

2,970

2,760

2,540

2,440

2,150
100 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis., for the years

'0, 1914-1915 Continued.

Day.

1914-15. 

1... ...........

2..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10.....-....-.-.

11..............

12..............

13

14... ..........

15.. ...... --.- -

16..............

17..............

18..............

1Q

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,970

1,960

1,790

1,650

1,580

1,460

1,600

1,690

1,720

1,730

1,930

2,080

2,200

2,030

1,980

1,810

1,720

1,580

1,560

1,460

1,540

1,450

1,380

1,430

1,460

1,450

1,470

1,350

1,400

1,360

1,300

Nov.

1,280

1,230

1,230

1,230

1,320

1,250

1,320

1,340

1,320

1,210

1,350

1,340

1,440

1,350

1,350

1,050

Dec.

880

665

Jan.

480

615

Feb.

690

1,030

875

Mar.

855

yiu

755

Apr.

1,770

5,100

4,760

4,200

4,120

3,720

3,640

3,800

3,960

3,800

3,800

3,610

3,420

3,230

3,040

2,900

"3,260

3,180

3,040

May.

2,800

2,500

2,640

2,840

3,040

2,870

3,110

3,720

4,120

4,200

3,960

3,960

3,960

4,120

4,200

6,140

9,240

5,440

5,100

4,120

4,280

5,610

6,140

5,440

5,440

5,100

4,280

3,560

3,180

3,040

2,630

June.

2,400

2,140

2,050

1,860

1,810

1.910

3,110

3,960

4,440

4,440

4,930

4,600

4,440

4,280

3,960

3,560

3,330

3,040

3,800

4,200

4,200

4,120

3,800

3,480

3,330

2,870

2,540

2,340

2,200

2,150

July.

2,090

2,040

1,900

1,740

1,620

1,730

1,540

1,470

1,360

1,360

1,620,

1,660

1,380

1,580

1,970

2,450

2,580

2,440

2,270

2,090

1,780

1,840

1,500

1,460

1,490

1,470

1,490

1,470

1,560

1,250

1,180

Aug.

1,190

1,100

1,400

1,930

2,770

3,180

3,180

2,840

2,540

2,210

2,040

1,840

1,650

1,470

1,330

1,400

1,440

1,500

1,350

1,360

1,250

1,180

1,130

1,330

1,230

1,320

1,140

1,210

1,350

1,360

Sept.

1,430

1,410

1,410

1,250

1,220

1,250

963

889

1,030

944

853

889

1,010

1,220

1,650

1,910

2,210

2,330

2,270

2,170

1,980

1,890

1,810

1,690

1,850

2,490

3,260

3,330

3,180

3,180

NOTE, Discharge, except as noted below, determined from a rating curve well defined between 1,020 

and 6,140 second-feet above 6,140 second-feet curve is based on an extension of the area and mean velocity 

curves and is approximate only. Discharge Jan. 1 to Apr. 17,1914, and Nov. 16,1914. to Apr. 12,1915, estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Braced 

figures show mean discharge for period indicated. Discharge Apr. 23-25, 1915, interpolated because of 

backwater from logs.

Monthly discharge of Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis., for the years ending Sept.

30, 1914-1915.

[Drainage area, 1,940 square miles.]

Month.

1914.

March ..................................

May....................................

July....................................

September. ... ..........................

1914-15.

March... ................................

June....................................

July....................................

The year. .........................

- Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

9,640 

7,840 

6,140 

5,440 

2,970 

3,960

2,200 

1,440

5,100

9,240 

4,930 

2,580 

3,186 

3,330

9,240

Minimum.

1,910 

1,060 

1,460 

916 

1,730

1,300

2,500 

1,810 

1,180 

1,100 

853

Mean.

1,100 

809 

635 

2,810 

3,850 

2,640 

2,410 

1,810 

2,670

1,650 

1,180 

725 

528 

864 

837 

2,930 

4,220 

3,310 

1,720 

1,670 

1,770

1,780

Per

square 

mile.

0.567 

.417 

.327 

1.45 

1.98 

1.36 

, 1.24 

.933 

1.38

0.851 

.608 

.374 

.272 

.445 

.431 

1.51 

2.51 

2.18 

.887 

.861 

.912

.918

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.65 

.43 

.38 

1.62 

2.28 

1.52 

1.43 

1.08 

1.54

0.98 

.68 

.43 

.31 

.46 

.50 

1.68 

2.51 

1.91 

1.02 

.99 

1.02

12.49

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

D. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

A. 

B. 

D. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 101

JUMP RIVER AT SHELDON, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 26, T. 33 N., R. 5 W., at highway bridge in the village of Sheldon, 

Rusk County, about 11 miles above the confluence of Jump and Chippewa 

rivers.

DRAINAGE AREA. 510 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and Natural 

History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 22 to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage bolted to downstream side of hand rail of bridge.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Heavy gravel, clean, and free from vegetation; right bank 

high and will not overflow; left bank may overflow occasionally.

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during part of year ending September 30, 1915, 7.82 feet at 7 a. m. August 5; minimum stage recorded, 3.10 feet, 

Sept. 6,7, 8, and 9.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow to be determined 

from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

ACCURACY. Channel conditions permanent; gage records reliable.

The following discharge measurement was made by H. C. Beckman. 

July 22, 1915: Gage height, 3.90 feet; discharge, 483 second-feet. 

Data insufficient for estimates of daily discharge.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Jump River at Sheldon, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. 30,

1915.

Day.

1. .........

2.......... 

3..........

5..........

6.......... 

7.......... 

8..........

9..........

10..........

July.

........

Aug.

3.41

4.0 

6.1

7.2

7.8

7.4 

6.7 

6.1

5.5

4.85

Sept.

3.28

3.21 

3.18 

3.15

3.15

3.11 

3.10 

3.11

3.14

3.15

Day. July.

11..................

12.................. 

13.................. 

14..................

15..................

16.................. 

17.................. 

18..................

19..................

20..................

Aug.

4.4

4.05 

3.82 

3.69

3.56

3.51 

3.42 

3.35

3.30

3.28

Sept.

3.12

3.12 

3.15 

3.36

5.8

6.1

5.65 

5.15

4.7

4.4

Day.

21............

22............ 

23............ 

24............

25............

26............ 

27............ 

28............

29............

30............ 

31............

July.

3.92 

3,76 

3.74

4.3

4.4

4.15 

3.89

3.76

3.65 

3.51

Aug.

3 94

3.21 

3.21 

3.20

3.18

3.15

3.14 

3.12

3 m

3.28 

3.28

Sept.

4.3

4.15 

3.99 

3.88

3.79

5.15 

5.7 

5.35

4.95

4.6

EAU CLAIRE RIVER NEAR AUGUSTA, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 12, T. 26 N., R. 6 E., Eau Claire County, at Trouble Water Bridge, 

about 7 miles northeast of Augusta. South Fork of Eau Claire River enters 

from the left about 4 miles above the station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 500 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 16, 1914, to September 30,1915.

GAGE. Chain gage on downstream side of bridge; read once daily in the morning to 

quarter-tenths by Albert Wagner.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge during medium 

and high stages; low-water measurements made by wading at control about 500 

feet downstream from bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. The channel at the bridge and above is sandy and very 

shifting; a short distance below the gage the channel narrows and a rock outcrop overlain with large bowlders forms the control. Banks high and not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. 1914-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 7.7 feet at 9 a. m. 

May 23, 1915 (discharge, 4,370 second-feet); minimum discharge 55 secondfeet; recorded by measurement made December 30, 1914, and Janunary 28,1915.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow estimated from 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.
102 SUEPACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PAET V.

REGULATION. No dams are at present in operation above the station; flow natural. 

ACCURACY. Excellent rating curve developed over range covered by gage heights; 

control apparently permanent; no diurnal fluctuation; records good.

Discharge measurements of Eau Claire River near Augusta,, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Jan. 28v

Made by 

G. H. Canfield. ........

H. C. Beckman. .......

.....do.................

M. F. Rather...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.83

1.25

1.14

1.87

2.25

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

174

55

55

137

613

Date.

8

July 1

Sept. 10

10

Made by 

H. C. Beckman ..... .

.....do.................

W. G.Hoyt.. ..........

H. T. Critchlow. .......

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.59

5.52

.81

.46

.46

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,480

2,400

167

86.1

84.4

0 Made through complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Eau Claire River near Augusta, Wis., for the years ending Sept. 30, 1914-1915.

Day.

1914. 

1............

5............

6............

7.........---

0

9

11............

Day.

1914-15. 

1. ...........

2............

3............

4............

5............

6............

7............

8............

9............

10............

11............

12............

13............

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............

21............

22. ...........

23............

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............

31............

July.

. Oc

V

2

1

1

1

1

1

7

8

6,

7

8,

Ijl

2 a

i,&

91

7

5

5

4

3

3

3

3

3

3,

2f

2

?, ?'

2

Ai

1

1

1

1

t.

27

10

W

S6

79

W

^1

0

26<V4

0

*6

<*0

HO

10

«1

18

W

3

fW

W

W

W

7

7

«

tt

W

W

*7

5

ig19

19

19

14

07

95

95

95

95

95

95

N

Sei

1

1

1

1

1,0

9

5

3

3

4

IV.

215

210

m

203

203

m186

179

179

172

67

72

179

191

215

285

91

200

)t.

38

79

79

55

62

47

Wfit;

01

14

D

.

. ]

i

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

91

3C.

L90

40

75

Day.

1914.

Jan.

59

62

56

Ju

.... 4

.... 3

.... 2

.... 2

.... 1

Feb.

75

175

420

ly. AU

9

8

8

7

46 8

65 17

75 19

34 23

79 22

79 19

Mar.

155

260

755

826

598

496

463

g. Sep1

1 52

5 46

5 63

5 1,89

5 2,84

9 1,69

1 1,51

9 99

7 71

1 4S

Apr.

430

496

598

990

1,460

2,520

3,320

2,450

1,890

1,820

1,760

1,510

1,290

1,080

990

947

1,040

906

748

672

598

530

480

463

430

430

414

496

496

414

3

3

0

fl

0

0

0

0

ifi

IV

}

}

1

1

1

4

4

2

1

2?

33

24

25

2fi

27

28

29

30

31

[ay.

349

301

365

74S

748

672

786

180

080

826

634

513

414

397

381

672

290

290

180

040

890

250

370 030

400

826

634

496

463

381

301

Day.

1914.

June.

269

239

227

215

215

381

1,760

1,080

826

826

1,820

1,760

990

826

634

530

463

463

1,080

1,290

906

672

564

430

349

285

239

203

191

227

Jul

... 16

17

... 19

17

... 15

... 14

... 13

... 13

... 13

July.

179

160

136

136

136

148

160

136

179

148

141

136

124

112

-131

368

257

229

210

181

157

157

157

169

162

193

169

295

314

229

225

7- Aug.

7 191

1 269

2 239

5 191

3 167

1 138

1 119

1 107

Aug.

381

365

886

1,630

2,310

2,380

1,400

1.040

767

520

407

317

349

349

317

248

215

191

167

160

143

131

131

150

126

119

112

107

107

112

107

Sept.

KQrt

866

710

634

K1Q

^Q7

QOQ

oar;

OK-l

Sept.

105

100

93

93

93

87

87

87

87

87

87

87

117

282

493

417

339

251

220

189

165

148

141

124

117

124

129

141

141

29

NOTE. Discharge computed as follows: July 16 to Nov. 17,1914, and Mar. 28 to Sept. 30,1915, except 

Apr. 10, from a rating curve well defined between 57 and 2,760 second-feet; rating curve above 2,760 secondfeet approximate, being based on extension of curve and mean velocity curves. Discharge for Apr. 10 

interpolated. Discharge Nov. 18 to Mar. 27 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, 

observer's notes and weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for period included.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI ElVEft BASIN. 103

Monthly discharge of Eau Claire River near Augusta, Wis., for the years ending Sept. 30,

1914-1915.

[Drainage area, 500 square miles.]

Month.

July 16-31..............................!.

September. ........................... J.

April..................................;.

June. ................................. j.

July.....................................

August. . ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

446 

269 

2,840

2,030

285

3,320 

4,370 

1,820 

368 

2,380 

493

4,370

Minimum.

131

75 

138

167

414 

301 

191 

112 

107 

87

Mean.

201 

142 

690

531 

198 

133 

58.9 

209 

381 

1,060 

1,030 

665 

182 

508 

159

427

Per 

square 

mile.

0.402 

.284 

1.38

1.06 

.396 

.266 

.118 

.418 

.762 

2.12 

2.06 

1.33 

.364 

1.02 

.318

.854

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.24 

.33 

1.54

1.22

.44 

.31 

.14 

.44 

.88 

2.36 

2.38 

1.48 

.42 

1.18 

.35

11.60

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A.

A. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B.

RED CEDAR RIVER NEAR COLFAX, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 27, T. 30 N4 R. 11 W., Dunn County, at a highway bridge about 

4J miles north of Colfax. Hay River enters from the right about 11 miles below, 

and Trout Creek, also from the right, 3J miles above the station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,100 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and Natural 

History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 10, 1914, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to the downstream side of the bridge; read twice daily, 

morning and evening, to quarter-tenths by Andrew Lundeguam.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge to which gage is 

attached.

CHANNEL AND coNTROL.--Rock and gravel; small amount of grass growth during 

summer months; left bank high and will not overflow; right bank medium high 

and may overflow during extremely high water; control not well denned.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.15 feet at 7 a. m. 

April 7 (discharge, 3,320 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.80 foot at 

. 5 p. m. November 19 (discharge, approximately 385 second-feet).

1914-1915: Maximum stgige recorded, 4.95 feet at 6.10 p. m. June 28, 1914 

(discharge, 4,380 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.80 foot November 19, 

1914 (discharge, approximately 385 second-feet, apparently caused by the temporary holding back of the water by ice).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; discharge estimated from 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION.' Flow regulated by the operation of reservoirs at the following dams: 

Long Lake, sec. 24, T. 37 N., R. 11 W., capacity 1,000,000,000 cubic feet; Cedar 

Lake, sec. 21, T. 36 N., R. 10 W., capacity 965,000,000 cubic feet; Birch Lake, 

sec. 25, T. 37 N., R. 10 W., capacity 1,174,000,000 cubic feet; Bear Lake, sec, 7» 

T. 36 N., R. 11 W., capacity 280,000,000 cubic feet; and Chetac Lake, sec. 20, 

T. 33 N., R. 10 W., capacity 998,000,000 cubic feet.

ACCUEACY. Rating curve very well defined above 560 second-feet; channel fairly 

permanent; no diurnal fluctuation; records good.

1 From data on file in Railroad Commission of Wisconsin, Engineering Dept.
104 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Red Cedar River near Colfax, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Nov. 7

Made by 

G.H.Canfield. ........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.42

2.70

2.94

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

619

534

618

Date.

Mar. 6&

Made by 

H. C. Beckman. .......

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.80

1 fi*>

1 ^Q

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

758

7W

604

Made through complete ice cover. & Made through partial ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red Cedar River near Colfax, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1.. ............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7... ...........

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27.-.........;..

28..............

29..............

30

31..............

Oct.

670

670

670

730

670

TOA

730

730

610

730

QOrt

730

790

790

730

670

610

670

610

670

610

610

670

,610

670

560

cnrt

610

470

560

510

Nov.

510

470

470

730

610

610

560

435

470

40 c

510

Cftft

Klrt

670

40 c

395

435

610

7*>ft

670

510

610

610

730

610

670

Dec.

von

670

730

730

670

610

610

670

7Qrt

730

670

670

cne

525

Jan.

535

460

595

Feb.

775

1,190

1,440

Mar.

1,080

|l,550

870

730

670

730

670

2,200

1,760

1,370

1,010

850

TQfl

930

Apr.

1,010

1,560

1,980

2,640

3,000

3,120

2,090

2,200

1,980

1,370

1,370

1,280

1,190

1,190

1,100

1,100

930

850

790

850

790

790

7*>ft

930

850

790

790

May.

730

790

850

790

730

760

850

790

730

610

670

730

790

730

670

1,100

1,370

1,760

1,370

1,460

1,760

2,090

1,660

1,190

1 4fift

850

850

730

610

June.

610

610

610

610

610

730

930

1,370

1,280

850

1,190

850

930

790

730

730

670

930

1,760

1,980

1,560

1,560

1,460

1,100

790

730

730

790

930

790

July.

730

730

670

610

610

670

610

610

610

1,190

1,280

790

730

1,280

1,010

790

730

670

730

670

670

610

670

610

610

610

610

610

560

560

Aug.

7Qf»

850

1 Aft.C\

1,870

1,760

1,190

930

1.010

Qon

730

670

670

670

610

610

610

610

610

CCA

610 ^fin

560

610

610

f&n

560

560

670

Kflfl

610

Sept.

Cfin

*kfif\

560

CCA

560

510

510

Cfin

K£f\

510

510

510

510

670

670

610

610

560

510

510

510

510

510

510

560

C«rt

510

560

510

510

NOTE. Discharge computed as follows: Oct. 1 to Dec. 12, and Mar. 19 to Sept. 30, from a rating curve 

very well defined above 560 second-feet. Discharge Mar. 20 interpolated. Discharge Dec. 13 to Mar. 18 

estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Braced 

figures show mean discharge for period included.

Monthly discharge of Red Cedar River near Colfax, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30,1915. 

[Drainage area, 1,100 square miles.]

Month.

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

930 

730 

790

2,200 

3,120 

2,090 

1,980 

1,280 

1,870 

670

3,120

Minimum.

470 

385

730 

610 

610 

560 

560 

510

385

Mean.

664 

556 

607 

532 

. 1,110 

1,190 

1,500 

1,030 

974 

726 

781 

546

849

Per

square 

mile.

0.604 

.505 

.552 

.484 

1.01 

1.08 

1.36 

.936 

.885 

.660 

.710 

,496

.772

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.70 

.56 

.64 

.56 

1.05 

1.24 

1.52 

1.08 

.99 

.76 

.82 

.55

10.47

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B.
TIPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN". 105

RED CEDAR RIVER AT CEDAR FALLS, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 6, T. 28 N., R. 12 W., Dunn County, at highway bridge in the 

vicinity of Cedar Falls, 4£ miles above crossing of Chicago* St. Paul, Minneapolis 

& Omaha Railway.

DRAINAGE AREA. Not measured.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 1, 1909, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Staff fastened to bridge pier; read twice daily, morning and evening, to tenths 

by Albert Malhus.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. No discharge measurements have been made at this 

station, which is maintained to determine fluctuation in stage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel rough and rocky, straight, and free from vegetation; banks high and do not overflow.

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.2 feet April 7; minimum stage, 1.0 foot August 22, 29, and September 5.

1909-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 5.8 feet April 4, 1913; minimum stage 

recorded, 0.6 foot December 15, 1912. Minimum stages are caused by operation 

of gates in dam above station.

WINTER FLOW. Winters are severe in this locality, but discharge relation is apparently 

not greatly affected by ice, probably because of the rapids a short distance below 

the station, which ordinarily do not entirely freeze over.

REGULATION. The operation of storage reservoirs in the headwaters of the river (see 

"Regulation " in station description for Red Cedar River at Colfax, Wis.), together 

with storage at the power plant above the gaging station, modifies the flow.

COOPERATION. Gage-height record furnished by Wisconsin & Minnesota Light & 

Power Co.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red Cedar River at Cedar 'Falls, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

4... ...........

5..............

6..............

7.............. 

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

Oct.

2.8

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.9

2.9

2.9 

3.0

2.9

2.6

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.7

2 7

2.7

£7

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.8

Nov.

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.8 

2.0

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.0

2.6

2.6

2.7

9 7

2.8

2.8

1.2

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.0

2.8

Dec.

2.8

2.7

2.8

2.8

2 7

2.4

2.7 

2.7

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.4

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.7

2.2

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.4

Jan.

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7 

2.7

2.7

2.3

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.4

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.4

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.4

Feb.

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.4 

2.8

2.9

2.8

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.7

2.9

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.2

3.2

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.5

S 4

3.3

3.0

Mar.

3.1

3.0

s n

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.4 

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.6

2.8

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.3

3.2

2.6

2.9

3.0

3.7

4.2

4.2

4.0

3.2

3.5

3.3

3.5

Apr.

3.2

3.4

4.2

4.9

5.0

5.2 

5.0

4.7

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.0

3.7

3.6

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.0

2.9

3.2

2.9

1.6

2.9

2.9

3.0

2.9

2.9

May.

2.9

1.6

9 Q

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.9 

3.0

1.8

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

1.8

3.0

3.4

3.6

3.6

3.7

3.7

3.7

4.6

3.9

3.9

3.7

3.6

3.6

2.7

2.7

June.

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

3.2 

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.1

3.2

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

3.0

3.7

4.2

4.0

2.8

2.6

2.4

2.6

2.3

3.0

3.0

3.0

July.

3.0

3.0

9 Q

2.6

2.6

3.0

3.0 

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.2

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.7

3.7

2.6

3.5

3.3

3.0

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.4

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.6

Aug.

2.4

3.0

3

C

4.0

4.2

4.1

4.0 

2.6

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.4

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

1.0

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.7

1.0

2.7

2.7

Sept.

9 7

2.7

9 fi

2.6

1.0

1.4

2.7 

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.0

2.6

2.6

2.5

*> it

2.6

2.5

2.2

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.0

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

NOTE. 

water

-Low stage of 1.0 foot on Sunday, Aug. 22 and Sept. 5. caused by closing down of power plant; no 

over spillway.
106 * SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V. 

RKD CEDAR RIVER AT MENOMONIE, WIS.

LOCATION. Sec. 27, T, 28 N., R. 13 W., Dunn County, about 900 feet below the power 

house of the Wisconsin & Minnesota Light & Power Co., Menomonie, about 13 milea 

above the confluence of Red Cedar and Chippewa rivers. Wilson Creek discharges 

from the right into the service reservoir just above the station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,810 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and Natural 

History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 16, 1907, to Septembers, 1908; May 9,1913, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder installed May 9,1913, over a wooden 

intake and well on the right bank of the river about 1 mile above the site of old 

gage attached to a highway bridge about 200 rods west of the Chicago & North 

Western Railway station west of Menomonie, which was read from June 16, 1907, 

to September 5, 1908. No relation between datums of the two gages.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the highway bridge about 1 mile below the

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed at gage composed of heavy gravel; left bank high and 

will not overflow; right bank of medium height and will overflow at flood stages; 

channel at measuring section sandy and liable to shift; both banks high at measuring section and will not overflow.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.13 feet from 7 

to 10 p. m. April 7 (discharge, 6,140 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.75 

feet December 13 (discharge approximately 160 second-feet).

1907-8 and 1913-1915: Maximum discharge, 6,700 second-feet June 6, 1914; 

minimum discharge, 100 second-feet November 8, 1907.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation not affected by ice, as the control is kept open by 

the flow of relatively warm water from the service reservoir immediately above 

the gage.

REGULATION. Considerable diurnal fluctuation in stage at the gage section is caused 

by the operation of the power plants of the Wisconsin & Minnesota Light & Power 

Co. at Menomonie and Cedar Falls, and minor changes are also caused by smaller 

plants on the tributaries of the Red Cedar above Menomonie. (See''Regulation " 

in station description for Red Cedar River at Colfax, Wis.)

ACCURACY. Rating curve well defined; mean stage accurately determined from 

recording gage; records excellent.

Discharge measurements of Red Cedar River at Menomonie, Wis., during the year ending

Sept, SO, 1915.

[Made by W. G. Hoyt.]

Date.

July 12..............................................................................

12..............................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.87

2.88

/

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,490

1,520
T7PPEB MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 107

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red Cedar River at Menomonie, Wis.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,250

1,180

1,160

686

1,370

1,150

1,220

1,180

1,260

1,330

890

1,580

1,680

1,220

i 4OA

1,010

1,030

981

1,260

1,110

1,030

1,030

1,030

806

1,100

i i i!ft

1,070

916

1,010

854

Nov.

519

854

916

878

890

890

TQi

614

1,050

866

878

866

782

578

830

QfW

916

782

QAS

942

K«C

799

son

SIS

614

686

806

542

' 968

Dec.

1,080

1,030

1,100

1,060

794

1 060

l',070

1 060

1^080

Qlfi

722

398

590

686

770

698

830

818

554

770

878

854

JMO

626

674

626

818

968

981

903

Jan.

830

929

830

806

1,010

1,080

942

981

955

770

746

942

968

929

866

Q9Q

878

710

942

929

1,020

890

806.

770

8d9

1,070

1,020

1,100

966

832

fios

Feb.

734

955

965

965

1,080

1,080

1,050

1,020

929

854

968

942

968

942

1,110

1,290

1,230

1,370

1,500

1,490

1,620

2,050

2,630

2

OAA

2 Ann

2,110

1,850

Mar.

1,610

1,610

1,3'0

1,360

l,3tfO

,350

,100

,490

,390

,400

1,300

1,150

1,180

1,060

1,440

1,430

1,360

1,540

1,760

1,840

1,790

1,670

1,550

1,740

3,070

3,740

3.260

2,660

2,140

1,840

1,730

Apr.

1,700

2,520

2,8bO

4,180

4,860

5,600

5,600

5,340

4,520

3,960,

3,360

3,460

2,790

2,470

2,520

2,160

2,080

1,640

1,910

1,800

1,490

1,460

1,250

1,350

1 080

1,370

1,540

1,400

1,500

1,400

May.

1,150

1,250

1,230

1,320

1,370

1,320

1,260

1,250

1,370

1,370

1,320

1,250

1,120

1,370

1,290

981

1,290

2,190

2,330

2,370

2,290

3,160

2,700

3,360

2,700

2,240

2,000

2,160

1,520

1,150

1,190

June.

1,330

1,290

1,180

1,160

890

758

1,100

2,060

1,730

2,130

1,610

1,860

1,400

1,440

1,370

1,280

1,140

1,290

1,550

2,350

2,980

2,450

2,090

1,910

1,540

1,400

854

994

1,520

1,550

July.

1,540

1,430

1,160

968

698

1,480

1,520

1,290

1,260

1,220

686

1,290

2,330

1,780

2,060

2,420

2,290

1,800

1,640

1,400

1,360

1,250

1,150

1,110

1,020

1,070

1,260

1,260

1,060

929

890

Aug.

890

1,490

2,160

2,330

3,220

3,320

2,520

1,880

2,110

1,610

1,390

1,180

1,150

1,120

746

994

1,230

1,080

782

1,020

854

614

994

1,430

1,070

662

710

794

530

955

1,030

Sept.

1,060

1,070

1,000

1,050

806

674

734

806

890

890

866

854

758

981

1,010

916

1,150

1,080

818

981

916

916

968

968

929

903

770

994

1,030

830

NOTE. Discharge determined from a rating curve well defined above 530 second-feet. The record of the 

water-stage recorder for Nov. 13-19 was lost and water-stage recorder was not working properly Feb. 5-J.l, 

Sept. 28-30; discharge for these periods determined from the gage reading at noon corrected by the relation 

that existed between the noon gage height and the mean daily gage height determined for the period when 

gage was working satisfactorily.

Monthly discharge of Red Cedar River at Menomonie, Wis., for the year ending Sept.

80, 1915.

[Drainage area, 1,810 square miles.)

Month.

April....................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,680 

1,050 

1,120 

1,100 

2,630 

3,740 

5,600 

3,360 

2,980 

2,420 

3,320 

1,150

5,600

Minimum.

686 

519 

398 

698 

734 

1,060 

1,080 

981 

758 

686 

530 

674

398

Mean.

1,140 

809 

851 

903 

1,340 

1,720 

2,640 

1,700 

1,540 

1,370 

1,350 

922

1,360

Per 

square 

mile.

0.630 

.447 

.470 

.499 

.740 

.950 

1.46 

.939 

.851 

.757 

.746 

.509

.751

Run-off 

(depth in 

Inches on 

drainage

area).

0.73 

.50 

.54 

.58 

.77 

1.10 

1.63 

1.08 

.95 

.87 

.86 

.57

10.18

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.
108 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PAET V.

ZUMBRO RIVER AT ZUMBRO FALLS, MINN.

LOCATION. At highway bridge at Zumbro Falls, about 1,500 feet below mouth of 

Spring Creek, 6J miles below mouth of South Branch.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,120 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 8, 1909, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain attached to the upstream handrail of bridge near left end; read twice 

daily, to hundredths, by A. H. Sugg.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At high and medium stages made from bridge; at low 

stages made by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream is fine sand; shifts considerably; a slight 

riffle a few hundred feet below gage acts as a rather indefinite control during low 

stages; right bank is fairly low and overflows during high flood stages; the left 

bank does not overflow.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 16.4 feet atfi p. m. 

March 25 (discharge, 8,570 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during openwater periods, 4.68 feet at 8 a. m. January 18 and 22 (discharge, 148 second-feet). 

A flow of 106 second-feet, which is probably not far from the minimum flow for 

the year, was measured by current meter January 27.

1909-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 16.65 feet at 5.30 p. m. October 11, 1911 

(discharge, 9,200 second-feet); high water of June, 1908, which reached a stage of 

26.7 feet above datum of present gage, is marked by a spike in a telephone post 

near the railroad station at Zumbro Falls; high water of April, 1888, reached a stage 

of approximately 29.7 feet, as shown by a mark not so well defined as that of the 

flood of 1908; minimum stage recorded during open-water periods, 4.50 feet at 

8 a. m. January 10 and 21, 1914 (discharge, approximately 128 second-feet; 106 

second-feet was measured by current meter January 27, 1915).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation not seriously affected by ice, except during and 

following extremely cold weather, when ice forms below the gage and causes 

backwater for short periods. A short distance above the gage the river receives 

about 8 second-feet of spring water from Spring Creek, which is warm enough 

to keep it free from ice for a considerable distance during most winter weather. 

Mean flow for periods in which open-water rating curve is not applicable, estimated from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. The slight artificial regulation at the power plants above Zumbro Falls 

is not observable at the gage.

ACCURACY. Results considered good; gage heights are reliable and represent the true 

mean stage for the day; rating curve is well defined; except for an occasional shift 

in control, results would be excellent.

Discharge measurements of Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn., during the year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

[Made by S. B. Soute.]

Date. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.87

4.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

128

106

Date.

May 27. ........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.86

9.66

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

864

2,460

Date.

Aug. 21.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.67

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

385

o Control partly ice covered; measurement made from bridge.

6 Measurement made through complete ice cover 3,000 feet above gage; control partly ice covered.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI BIVEE, BASIN. 109

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn., for the year

ending Sept. 30,1915.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20- .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31.............:

Oct.

185

179

169

169

185

187

189

187

210

233

245

257

270

270

9t;7

233

210

210

210

210

206

198

173

187

189

187

187

189

185

Nov.

185

17Q

185

185

185

187

187

ioe

185

17Q

177

187

179

177

177

165

170

153

179

187

181

171

185

173

185

Dec.

191

1521

177

187

1527

1 SI

1 oe

ioe

169

169

167

140

Jan.

140

165

169

167

1R9

151

149

160

162

151

14Q

151

110

Feb.

I 120

1

IfiQ

1 AK

150

167

187

540

OAO

OOO

308

Ofic

382

500

870

3,020

3,180

1,730

1,070

780

660

580

Mar.

iwi

Wl

449

OQO

OQ n

336

336

QAQ

322

A Oft

74ft

1,120

1,220

1 43ft

1,320

1,320

2

OQA

3,020

2 OCA

1,910

1,320

1,220

1,020

3,340

7,570

3,260

1,970

1,910

1,550

1,220

1,070

Apr.

920

920

C7A

1,430

1,430

1

O7A

1,020

O7A

780

700

700

620

580

540

CAA

466

449

400

OQO

382

366

336

336

322

322

308

308

308

295

282

May.

282

OOO

282

OAO

336

366

366 7ftft

QQfi

QOO

OAO

OQ*

ooo

97ft

282

308

282

OOO

257

282

366

740

820

620

660

920

820

680

1,220

2,570

1,790

June.

1,220

920

540

620

700

1,550

1,730

1,320

970

920

i 7on

i I'^ft

1,790

1,320

Q9fl

7on

700

1,370

3,660

2,100

1,370

1,070

820

820

820

820

740

700

660

660

July.

620

eoft

400

466

4QO

432

fun

2 7Rn

1,430

1,270

970

870

740

640

580

eon

520

920

2,290

1,670

1,120

920

740

660

660

640

700

1,120

920

740

920

Aug.

1,220

2,100

3,020

3 OfiH

2 9on

1,610

1,270

1,070

527ft

780

700

660

620

640

600

e/lft

KAA

466 400

432

OQO

382

SOS

398

366

366

336

336

336

351

336

Sept.

OOO

QOO

ooo

OAO

9Q*

9Q*

OAQ

OQfi

7*1

4AA

CAA,

466

540

OOA

820

660

KA(\

483

4*>O

47O

41*

398

382

351

336

351

73ft

336

336

322

NOTE. Discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 169 and 2,710 second-feet. Discharge, Nov. 17-22, Dec. 13 to Jan. 12, Jan. 24 to Feb. 4 and Feb. 7-11, estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's notes and weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for 

periods included.

Monthly discharge of Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 1,120 square miles.]

Month.

March...................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

270

191

3,180 

7,570 

1,430 

2,570 

3,660 

2,780 

3,260 

820

7,570

Minimum.

169 

153

308 

282 

257 

540 

432 

336 

295

Mean.

206 

178 

155 

139 

593 

1,500 

615 

558 

1,160 

901 

874 

419

609

Per

square 

mile.

0.184 

.159 

.138 

.124 

.529 

1.34 

.549 

.498 

1.04 

.804 

.780 

.374

.544

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.21

.18 

.16 

.14 

.55 

1.54 

.61 

.57 

1.16 

.93 

.90 

.42

7.37

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B.
110 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

SOUTH BRANCH OF ZUMBEO RIVER NEAR ZUMBRO PALLS, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 22, T. 109 N., R. 14 W., at the Woodville Bridge, 1£ miles above 

the mouth of the river, 6 miles below mouth of Middle Branch, and 6 miles southwest of Zumbro Palls, Wabasha County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 821 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 16, 1911, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to' the downstream hand rail of bridge near center of 

river, read by W. M. Whipple.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At high and medium stages made from the downstream 

side of the bridge; at low stages made by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream is for the'most part sand and gravel; control 

consists of cobble stones and rock at a well-defined riffle, a short distance below 

the gage, and is fairly permanent. Near the control, to the right of the channel, 

a small secondary channel branches off. The scouring out of this channel during 

the year made change in rating curve necessary.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 11.8 feet at 3.30 

p. m., March 25 (discharge, 8,360 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.09 

feet November 12; discharge, 135 second-feet.

1911-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 11.8~feet at 3.30 p. m. March 25, 1915 

(discharge, 8,360 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.80 feet December 26, 

1914 (discharge, 62 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow estimated from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. Effect of operation of small power plants above the station not noticeACCURACY. On account of the slight shifting of control records can not be considered better than fair.

Discharge measurements of South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn., 

during tfo year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Date. Made by 

S.B.SouM ............

.....do . ..............

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.06

9 in

3.40

Discharge.

"See.-ft.

nty

Q1

837

Date.

 20

Made by height.

Feet. 

6.24

2.42

Discharge..

Sec.-ft. 

2,840

295

« Made through complete ice cover; control partly ice covered.
UPPEK MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. Ill

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, 

Minn.,for the year ending Sept. 80,1915.

Day.

1. ...... .......

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7.. ............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

is

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

91

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

si

Oct.

128

128

128

128

155

162

148

148

183

183

198

194

194

202

202

194

190

180

162

148

145

145

141

135

132

122

122

115

122

Nov.

122

122

122

122

122

122

115

115

115

115

115

115

115

115

110

Dec.

100

Jan.

90

Feb.

430

2,150

980

616

564

485

Mar.

410

QfSO

318

274

256

211

192

188

196

750

805

QOfl

750

920

537

O7<

2,470

2 0lrt

920

860

750

3,170

7,460

9 oon

1,840

1 ft4ft

1,100

920

Apr.

778

fiQfi

696

980

1,220

1,040

805

643

537

537

511

460

435

385

340

001

318

295

278

OftK

ft A Q

oqfi

997

91 Q

207

91 Q

200

May.

188

188

196

240

274

286

286

278

244

227

227

91 1

196

203

203

196

192

188

196

9Sfi

410

778

980

7Krt

723

CQA

1 QKfk

1 990

1J700

June.

1,100

723

564

485

460

485

1,420

832

590

643

1,100

1,160

832

860

590

485

410

1,100

3 7fifi

2,070

1,220

778

564

537

643

805

537

611

485

joe

July.

385

326

322

322

313

295

980

1,560

1,700

778

670

590

485

435

362

362

340

564

1,770

1,490

778

643

564

485

460

410

410

670

778

PifiJ.

805

Aug.

1.350

1,350

1,770

2,630

1,840

1,280

805

778

696

564

485

485

460

435

410

362

362

340

313

300

282

269

269

252

248

248

244

236

210

232

236

Sept.

214

236

232

232

232

227

227

219

227

256

385

336

340

696

696

643

410

318

313

300

269

252

248

227

244

248

244

227

223

219

NOTE. Discharge Oct. 1 to Nov. 15 determined from a well-defined rating curve; Feb. 24 to Sept. 30, 

from a rating curve fairly well denned between 120 and 3,600 second-feet. Discharge, Nov. 16 to Feb. 23, 

estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Braced 

figures show mean discharge for period included.

Monthly discharge of South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn., for the

year ending Sept. SO, 1915. 

[Drainage area, 821 square miles.]

Month.

April .................................

May. .................................

July ..................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

202 

122

7,460 

1,220 

1,990 

3,760 

1,770 

2,630 

696

7,460

Minimum.

115

188 

200 

188 

410 

295 

232 

219

Mean.

154 

114 

100 

90 

524 

1,230 

459 

456 

873 

665 

638 

306

467

Per

square 

mile.

0.188 

.139 

.122 

.110 

.638 

1.50 

.559 

.555 

1.06 

.810 

.777 

.373

.569

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.22 

.16 

.14 

.13 

.66 

1.73 

.62 

.64 

1.18 

.93 

.90 

.42

7.73

Accuracy.

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

D. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

TREMPEALEAU RIVER AT DODGE, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 11, T. 19 N., R. 10 W., Trempealeau County, at highway bridge in

the village of Dodge, 9 miles above mouth of river. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 633 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and Natural

History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 13, 1913, to September 30,1915.
112 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge; read twice daily, morning

and evening, to half-tenths, by J. Johnson. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge or at low stages

by wading. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sand; likely to shift; both banks of medium height and may

overflow during extreme floods. 

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, 6.52 feet at 6 p. m. March

26 (discharge, 1,660 second-feet); minimum discharge, 163 second-feet, recorded

by measurement January 29.

1914-15: Maximum stage recorded, 8.35 feet June 9, 1914 (discharge, 3,340

second-feet); minimum discharge, 163 second-feet, recorded by measurement January 29, 1915. 

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow determined from

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 

REGULATION. No power plant above station has sufficient storage to affect the

natural flow of the river. 

ACCURACY. Rating curve fairly well denned; no diurnal fluctuation; records good.

Discharge measurements of Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Nov. 12

Ton Oft

29»

Mar. 126

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.83

2.32

3.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

259

163

442

Date.

Apr. 2

May 28

Made by 

M. F. Rather. .........

S. B. Soule".... .........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.09

2.86

2.89

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

613

539

553

Made through complete ice cover. 6 Made through partical ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis., for the year

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1.... ..........

2..............

4..............

5..............

6.............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19.............. 20........:.....

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

260

248

236

236

224

236

260

284

308

296

333

358

485

564

459

qqq

qno

308

<)QA

284

284

284

284

284

260

272

260

272

Nov.

260

272

260

260

260

272 OCA

260

272

979

979

260

260

260

248

245

Dec.

265

230

220

Jan.

235

240

105

Feb.

240

495

1,080

Mar.

410

170 e

C77

903

1,040

1,240

1 e«n

1 ftQft

oc-i

642

enn

Apr.

KfiA

564

616

791

747

734

791

616

616

con

564

511

485

XKQ

xqq

xqq

408

qoq

qoq

qno

qno

qno

qno

qoq

qqq

qKo

qno

May.

308

qqq

383

383

358

383

qoq

qco

333

qqq

459

qno

qno '

qno

408

xqq

AKQ

KftA.

Q7T

1,010

1,060

082

7QQ

RAft

511

AKQ

June.

358

qqq

308

358

511

537

433

616

jtOff

408

358

qqq

qqq

qoq

511

511

485

459

459

000

260

OCA

QOQ

408

459

July.

358

308

260

272

284

358

eon

eon

AKQ

669

408

qeo

qno

qno

284

590

AQK

QQQ

308

284

260

OCA

Oflrt

oqfl

979

qco

qqq

qqq

QCQ

Aug.

383

642 851'

929

642

485

642

485

qrro

909

qoq

511

408

qqq

one

296

284

979

979

260

260

272

260

260

248

Sept.

9Q/J

oq a

99d

224

191

213

OQfi

260

383

<ws

358

408

669

669

K(*A

459

qoq

qqq

AKQ

511

459

qoq

qCQ

qq-i

qqt

qqi

7.31

qno

308

,

NOTE. Discharge, except as noted below, determined from a rating curve fairly well defined above 286 

second-feet. Discharge Apr. «interpolated on account of probable error in gage reading. No v. 18 to Mar. 21 

estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Braced 

figures show mean discharges for period included.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASIN. 113

Monthly discharge of Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1915. 

[Drainage area, 633 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

July. ...................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

564

1,560

747 

1,060 

616 

669 

929 

669

1,560

Minimum.

224

308 

308 

260 

236 

224 

191

Mean.

309 

255 

238 

222 

571 

743 

484 

507 

410 

368 

405 

357

405

Per 

square 

mile.

0.488 

.403 

.376 

.351 

.902 

1.17 

, .765 

.801 

.648 

.581 

.640 

.564

.640

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

" area).

0.56 

.45 

.43 

.40 

.94 

1.35 

.85 

.92 

.72 

.67 

.74 

.63

8.66

Accuracy.

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

BLACK RIVER AT NEILLSVILLE, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 15, T. 24 N., R. 2 W., at lower highway bridge in city of Neillsville, 

Clark County. O'Neal Creek enters from the left about a mile above the gage, 

and Cunningham Creek, also from the left, about 1J miles below.

DRAINAGE AREA. 774 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and Natural 

History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 7, 1905, to March 31, 1909; December 11, 1913, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to downstream side of highway bridge; read twice daily, 

morning and evening, to quarter-tenths, by A. Bissell.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge, or by wading in 

vicinity of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Heavy gravel and rock; control at head of rapids a few hundred feet below gage; banks high and rocky; water will not overflow the banks at 

the gage section.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.62 feet at 6 a. m. 

April 8 (discharge, 5,990 second-feet); minimum stage recorded by measurement 

made January 30 (discharge, 28 second-feet); owing to diurnal fluctuations at such 

low stages it is likely that the absolute minimum was less than 28 second-feet.

1905-1909 and 1913-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 19.8 feet June 6, 1905 (discharge approximately, 29,400 second-feet). 1 It is probable that the maximum 

'discharge which occurred October 6, 1911, exceeded 29,000 second-feet, although 

data are not available regarding the stage at the gage section during this flood; 

minimum stage recorded during open-water periods, 2.4 feet October 9, 1905 

(discharge approximately 20 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow estimated from 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. Several dams on Back River and tributaries upstream from Neillsville are used to create a head for developing power. The operation of these plants 

causes a diurnal fluctuation at the gage, especially during the winter when the 

flow is at a minimum.

ACCURACY. Control is permanent; rating curve well denned over the range in stage 

covered by gage heights; medium and high-stage records excellent; low-stage 

records, especially during the winter only fair, owing to diurnal fluctuations.

i Previously determined as 23,000 second-feet from a curve, the highest measurement of which was made 

at a stage of only 7.7 feet.

47878° WSP 405 17 8
114 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915; PAET V.

Discharge measurements of Black River at Neillsville, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Date. Made by 

G.H.Canfleld. ........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.00

3.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

41

28

Date.

Apr. 16

Made byHi. C. Beckman. . ......

M.F. Rather.... ......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.56

4.69

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

181

511

a Made through complete ice cover. 6 Open water at gage; ice jam below.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Black River at Neillsville, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7. .............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25. .............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

184

156

132

119

105

105

121

280

618

540

700

820

1,720

1,890

1,500

1,010

760

565

445

300

262

231

217

191

200

178

158

143

127

127

Nov.

118

112

118

112

110

110

105

102

121

102

94

92

98

100

119

161

100

112

119

100

116

110

119

Dec.

127

114

300

280

238

204

114

QS

110

31

36

Jan.

72

75

36

Feb.

33

100

380

Mar.

135

195

1,030

Apr.

,

\ 585

1,360

2,760

4,160

4,700

5,480

4,420

4,030

3,910

3,680

2,960

2,160

1,800

1,800

1,500

1,290

1 1 w

1,010

QAK

820

700

700

700

645

KQft

RAK

700

618

May.

468

380

468

820

945

820

1,220

1,890

1,800

1,430

1,010

700

565

490

490

820

820

2,160

1,800

1 640

4,160

5 fi4ft

4 030

2 7fift

i son

1 9Qft

OAK

760

KfiK

499

OOA

June.

245

200

167

121

123

1,150

3,680

3 lfift

1,570

2 fiftrt

2,160

1,570

i 1 t^n

820

672

468

618

1,430

1,890

1,890

i fyin

1,010

645

44 1;

nOA

949

44%

360

OOA

July.

245

164

116

100

89

85

110

102

71

61

66

58

55

52

Q9

760

880

540

OQft

QAA

242 it&

197

197

 t eo

145

OfV\

oon

OA?

245

Aug.

181

210

468

1,360

2,070

1,570

1,220

880

590

499

OAK

917

217

ojn

245

914

44%

OCA

QQ1

IPifi

112

QK

Q1

70

60

CO

%A

71

48

50

Sept.

85

91

67

72

w

51

57

71

60

4Q

43

At

65 100

320

fidi?

590

238

OOn

949

1751

148

too

84

95

95

110

110

NOTE. Discharge except as noted below, determined from a rating curve fairly well defined below and 

well denned above 14,300 second-feet. Discharge Nov. 17-24. and Dec. 9 to Apr. 3, estimated, because of 

ice, from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for period included.
UPPEB, MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 115

Monthly discharge of Black River at Neillsmlle, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1915. 

[Drainage area, 774 square miles.]

Month.

February ...............................

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

September. .............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,890 

161 

300

5,480

5,640 

3,680 

880 

2,360 

645

5,640

Minimum.

105

320 

121 

52 

48 

43

Mean.

460 

109 

89.4 

60.2 

156 

472 

1,900 

1,400 

1,100 

209 

474 

149

549

Per

square 

mile.

0.594 

.141 

.116 

.078 

.202 

.610 

2.45 

1.81 1.42^ 

.270 

.612 

.193

.709

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.68 

.16 

.13 

.09 

.21 

.70 

2.73 

2.09 

1.58 

.31 

.71 

.22

9.61

Accuracy.

A. 

C. 

D. 

C. 

C. 

D. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B.

JLA CROSSE RIVER NEAR WEST SALEM, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 22, T. 17 N., R. 6 W., La Crosse County, at highway bridge 2 

miles west of West Salem, and 10 miles above the mouth of the river. Dutch 

Creek enters from the right 6 miles above station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 412 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and Natural 

History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 22, 1913, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to concrete guard rail on the upstream side of bridge; 

read twice daily, morning and evening, to quarter-tenths, by Henry Schucht.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge at medium and 

high stages; at low stages made by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Heavy gravel and rock; right bank high and will not overflow; left bank above the gage low, and overflows at flood stages. Channel free 

from vegetation; control for low stages a rocky riffle with a fall of about 6 inches. 

Control is apparently drowned out at a stage of about 2.2 feet on the gage as 

shown by a reversal in the rating curve.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. 1913-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 7.3 feet at 7 a. m. 

February 23, 1915 (discharge estimated, because of backwater from ice at approximately 1,800 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.05 feet at 7 a. m. November 17, 1914 (discharge approximately 130 second-feet).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow estimated from 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. Diurnal fluctuation, at the gage amounting at low stages to from 0.10 

to 0.40 foot, is caused by the operation of power plants, especially the Neshonock 

dam a few miles above the station.

ACCURACY. Rating curve well denned; control permanent; records for medium 

and high water stage believed excellent; accuracy of low-water records impaired by 

diurnal fluctuation.

Discharge measurements of La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis., during the year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Nov. 13

Jan. llo

Made by 

H. C. Beckman. .......

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.28

1.59

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

175

183

Date.

Feb. 166

Mar. 16

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.15

2.03

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

423

487

a Made through complete ice cover.

& River open at gage; control partly ice covered.
116 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis.,for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

99

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

97

28..............

29..............

in

31..-......--.-.

Oct.

239

260

204

222

204

239

304

326

304

260

304

304

348

394

326

326

304

281

281

222

239

239

204

91Q

239

OOQ

239

204

239

Nov.

222

222

222

239

192

239

204

192

222

180

222

222

222

204

204

204

170

195

GOO

239

180

180

192

Dec.

239

239

239

222

204

222

204

204

239

204

160

155

Jan.

180

195

170

Feb.

200

455

1,000

Mar.

1,420

438

551

595

551

461

371

348

438

638

715

595

551

416

394

326

326

Apr.

326

326

326

326

394

461

506

461

416

371

371

394

371

348

326

304

304

281

281

260

239

260

239

192

192

239

OQQ

239

OQQ

May.

222

222

239

281

281

281

326

326

326

281

281

239

239

222

222

222

239

260

260

281

371

461

416

348

371

371

326

304

281

Ofift

239

June.

239

239

239

222

222

222

222

222

222

239

260

260

239

239

239

239

239

281

326

304

281

260

260

260

239

999

204

OQQ

281

OQ.1

July.

281

260

222

204

222

239

239

348

348

304

239

260

239

239

239

239

204

222

281

281

281

260

239

OOQ

204

oqn

348

461

595

436

326

Aug.

348

551

638

779

715

595

461

371

348

326

304

281

281

281

260

326

304

281

281

281

260

222

260

239

239

239

239

239

204

9^Q

239

Sept.

239

239

239

239

222

239

239

239

239

326

416

506

595

715

862

779

638

595

506

506

506

506

438

371

348

348

371

371

371

348

NOTE. Discharge, except as noted below, determined, from a well-defined rating curve. Flow Nov. 

18-25 and Dec. 11 to Mar. 15 estimated from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. 

Braced figures show mean flow for period included.

Monthly discharge of La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. 30,

1915.

(Drainage area, 412 square miles.]

Month.

April... . ................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

394 

239

715 

506 

461 

394 

595 

779 

862

862

Minimum.

204 

170

326 

192 

222 

204 

204 

204 

222

Mean.

265 

205 

178 

181 

520 

452 

319 

290 

252 

282 

343 

419

307

Per

square 

mile.

0.643 

.498 

.432 

.439 

1.26 

1.10 

.774 

.704 

.612 

.684 

.833 

1.02

.745

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches ou 

drainage 

area).

0.74 

.56 

.50 

.51 

1.31 

1.27 

.86 

.81 

.68 

.79 

.96 

1.14

10.13

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

D. 

C. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 117

ROOT RIVER AT HOUSTON, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 34, T. 104 N., R. 6 W., at highway bridge 1 mile east of Houston, 

Houston County, 1 mile above the mouth of South Root River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,560 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 28, 1909, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE.I Vertical staff bolted to the downstream side of the stone abutment, right end 

of bridge, read twice daily by Olaf I/arson. Prior to June 28, 1913, gage was 

attached to piling just above the right abutment. The datum of the present gage 

was changed slightly on the date of installation to allow for the slight slope in the 

river between the two points.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. No well-defined control. The bed of the stream is silt and 

fine sand, shifting out during floods and gradually filling in afterwards. Both 

banks overflow at a stage of about 8.5 feet, the overflow at the gage section attaining at times a width of about 5,000 feet. Floods on the south Root, which enters 

the main Root about a mile below the station, are such, at times, as to produce 

considerable backwater at the gage.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.35 feet at 7.30 

a. m. March 26 (discharge, 7,330 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during 

open-water periods, 1.39 feet at 6.30 a. m. November 17 (discharge, 327 secondfeet). A flow of 232 second-feet, which was probably not far from the minimum 

for the year, was measured by current meter January 29.

1909-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 10.8 feet late at night August 14, 1911 

(discharge determined from rating curve based on highwater measurement made 

in 1915, 15,200 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during open-water periods: 

0.80 foot July 17, 1911 (discharge 267 second-feet). A flow of 231 second-feet 

was measured by current meter on January 23, 1914.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow estimated from 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and climatic records.

REGULATION. Nearest dam above station is at Rushford. As the flow is ample at all 

times for the power generated at that point, it is not held back during certain 

parts of the day, and the dam has no influence on the flow at Houston.

ACCURACY. Results considered fair. Gage readings are reliable; high-water portion 

of curve well defined. Low-water estimates may be affected by slight shifts in 

channel. Estimates of discharge for flood stages above 8.9 feet in 1911, as published in Water-Supply Paper 305, are too low on account of an erroneous extension of the rating curve above 8.9 feet. The high-water part of the rating curve, 

based on discharge measurements made June 28 and 29, 1914,- at gage heights 

9.80 and 6.98 feet, give the same discharge as the curve used for 1911 at about gage 

height 8.9 feet; at gage height 10.0 feet the new curve gives a discharge about 

44 per cent larger than that given by the rating curve for 1911.

Discharge measurements of Root River at Houston, Minn., during the year ending Sept. 30,

1915.

Date.

Dec. 22o

Made by 

S. B. 8oal6... ..........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.04

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

252

232

Date.

May 29

Aug. 6

Made by 

S. B. Soul<§... ..........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.95

5.34

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

889

2,110

a Made through complete ice cover.
118 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Root River at Houston, Minn.,for the year ending

Sept. 30,1915.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3.. ........... -

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19. ..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............. 30

31..............

Oct.

352

352

352

352

352

379

379

370

 >7Q

370

407

434

468

468

468

434

434

407

407

379

379

*>7Q

Q7Q

379

970

370

*>KO

352

Nov.

352

352

352

352

352

352

352

352

352

oco

352

352

9KO

352

37Q

352

CO?

*>dfi

I 340

379

OKO

352

OKO

Dec.

379

352

352

352

352

«Mrt

352

352

352

qeo

340

352

340

Ofrn

Jan.

235

Feb.

990

Mar.

935

676

716

888

1,420

1,320

1,220

1,580

2,700

2,360

1,920

1,480

1,320

1,480

3,830

5,990

6,220

3,250

2 7fift

2,490

2 inn

1,800

Apr.

1,640

1,530

1,530

1,860

2,920

2,840

2,360

1,800

1,530

1,370

1,320

1,220

1,020

978

933

888

799

757

757

716

676

638

638

602

602

638

638

602

567

May.

567

533

567

567

638

676

716

716

676

638

602

567 567

533

500

500

533

500

500

500

602

676

799

1,020

888

888

1,020

<W3

933

1,640

2,420

June.

1,640

1,270

1,070

933

888

843

716

799

757

757

757

716

799

716

676

638

602

638

978

1,120

1,120

888

757

676

638

638

716

716

1,270

1,120

July.

757

716

638

638

602

567

638

1,750

2,230

1,980

1,320

1,120

978

888

843

799

799

888

2,760

3,340

1,800

1,370

1,120

1,860

1,370

1,070

1,120

1,170

1,020

1,070

1,170

Aug.

1,480

2,560

3,000

3,830

3,160

2,230

1,800

1.580

1,420

1,270

1,170

1,070

1,020

978

1,020

978

933

978

933

888

799

757

757

757

716

676

638

638

638

602

602

Sept.

602

567

567

567

567

567

533

567

567

567

602

757

1,370

1,320

1,070

888

757

716

676

888

1,220

933

843

799

716

676

676

638

638

638

NOTE. Discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 900 and 10,600 second-feet and 

fairly well defined Delow 900 second-feet. Discharge Nov. 19-26, and Dec. 14 to Mar. 10, estimated, because 

of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, discharge measurements, and climatic records; braced figures 

show mean discharge for period included.

Monthly discharge of Root River at Houston, Minn.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1915. 

[Drainage area, 1,560 square miles.]

Month.

March...................................

April....................................

May ........ .

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

468

379

6,220

2,920 

2,420 

1,640 

3,340 

3,830 

1,370

6,220

Minimum.

352

567 

500 

602 

567 

602 

533

Mean.

398 

349 

292 

235 

990 

1,830 

1,180 

755 

862 

1,240 

1,290 

750

847

Per

square 

mile.

0.255 

.224 

.187 

.151 

.635 

1.17 

.756 

.484 

.553 

.795 

.827. 

.481

.543

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.29 

.25 

.22 

.17 

.66 

1.35 

.84 

.56 

.62 

.92 

.95 

.54

7.37

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI BIVER BASIN. 119

NORTH BRANCH OF ROOT RIVER NEAR LANESBORO, MINN.

LOCATION. In sec. 6, T. 103 N., K. 9 W., at first highway bridge, 1 mile above junction of North and South branches, 3 miles north of Lanesboro in Filmore County, 

and about 5 miles below the mouth of a small creek that enters from the west.

DRAINAGE AREA. 647 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 9,1910, to September 30,1914; and July 16 to September 

30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage on floor of bridge, downstream side, near right bank; read twice 

daily, to quarter-tenths, by Olaf Waage.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the downstream side of the bridge. At 

extreme flood stages measurements may be made from the railroad bridge just 

above the junction with the South Branch, and at low stages by wading just 

above the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream is sand and light gravel. A few hundred 

feet below the gage the channel is narrowed by a low island and there is a slight 

riffle which constitutes a control at low stages, and is practically permanent. As 

there is more than 10 feet fall between the station and the mouth of the South 

Branch, backwater from that stream is improbable. At a stage of 6 feet the river 

overflows into a former channel 1,000 feet back from the right bank. At extreme 

flood stages the right bank is overflowed to a width of a quarter of a mile.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.42 feet at 2.30 

p. m. July 19 (discharge, 3,920 second-feet), minimum stage recorded, 2.2 feet at 

9 a. m. September 4 to 9 (discharge, 194 second-feet).

1910-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 10.3 feet August 13,1911 (discharge, 9,380 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded 1.71 feet July 4,1911 (discharge, 38 secondfeet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow estimated from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. Several miles above the station is a power plant working under a varying load for light and power, but inspection of the morning and evening gage 

heights indicates that the diurnal fluctuation at the gage is slight.

ACCURACY. Results apparently fair; the rating curve is fairly well defined; channel 

fairly permanent.

The following discharge measurement was made by S. B. Soule": 

August 6, 1915: Gage height, 3.70 feet; discharge, 979 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn,, 

for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1............

2............

3............

4............

5............

6............ i

8............

9............

10............

July. Aug.

1,190

2,040

2,260

2,480

1,530

956

747

630

514

438

Sept.

222

222

222

201

201

201

201

212

212

222

Day.

11............

12............

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............

July.

274

274

3,160

1,720

Aug.

414

391

347

438

372

305

347

369

347

305

Sept.

297

322

347

438

347

305

286

259

292

326

Day.

21............

22............

23............

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............

31............

July.

715

514

391

347

326

305

305

391

305

488

347

Aug.

305

296

286

259

259

236

236

236

229

222

222

Sept.

391

347

274

259

236

248

259

236

222

236

NOTE. Discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge interpolated July 18, 25, 

Aug. 1,8,15,22,29, Sept. 5,12,19, and 26, as gage was not read.
120

Monthly discharge of North Branch of Root River near Lcmesboro, Minn., for ike year

ending Sept. 30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 647 square miles.]

Month.

September..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,480 

438

Minimum.

222 

201

Mean.

620 

268

Per 

square 

mile.

0.958 

.414

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.10

.46

Accu> 

racy.

B. 

B.

UPPER IOWA RIVER NEAR DECORAH, IOWA.

LOCATION. At the highway bridge in the village of Freeport, Winneshick County 

3 miles below Decorah and about 4 miles above the upper power plant of the 

Upper Iowa Power Co.; nearest tributary, Trout Creek, enters from the right. 

about a mile above station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 560 square miles (measured on United States Geological Survey 

map of scale 1 to 500,000; revised since last published).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 28, 1913, to November 21, 1914, when station was 

discontinued.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read twice daily by Chas. Savoy.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sand and gravel; may shift during high water.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during maintenance of station, 

11.6 feet at 4 p. m. May 24, 1914 (discharge roughly 6,000 second-feet); minimum 

stage recorded, 2.15 feet September 14, 1913 (discharge, 38 second-feet).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice.

DIVERSIONS. None.

REGULATION. The operation of a number of small gristmills above the station produce a slight fluctuation.

ACCURACY. Results at low stage good; at high stage very approximate and should be 

used with caution.

No discharge measurements were made at this station during the year.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Upper Iowa River near Decorah, Iowa, for the period 

Aug. 27, 1913, to Nov. 21, 1914.

Day.

1913. 

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

Aug. Sept.

44

51

51

47

47

44

44

44

37

Day,

1913. 

11..............

12.............. 10

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

Aug. Sept.

44

44

V7

37

37

VT

51

44

44

85

Day.

1913. 

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Aug.

51

47

47

47

44

Sept.

59

59

59

50

66

67

59

51

56

59
tJPPER MISSISSIPPI Et?Elt BASH*.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Upper Iowa River near Decorah, lowa^ for the period 

Aug. 27, 1913. to Nov. 21, 1914 Continued.

Day.

1913-14. 

1...................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24....................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

9Q

30...................

31...................

Oct.

97 

62 

73 

59 

73

76 

151 

76 

217 

262

477 

163 

128 

95 

95

95 

95 

95 

95 

99

85 

80 

76 

76 

85

80 

76 

76 

76 

76 

76

Nov.

76 

76 

76 

76 

76

76 

76 

76 

76 

76

76 

76 

76 

73 

67

67 

67 

67 

76 

76

91 

112

76 

76 

76

76 

76 

76 

76 

95

Day. Oct. Nov.

1914. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9.. ............

10..............

95 149 

80 144 

99 144 

76 134 

80 134

177 125 

J46 125 

382 121 

247 121 

203 125

Dec.

95 

95 

91

85 

76

76 

59 

44 

76 

85

85 

80 

76

Mar.

112

97 

91 

87 

151 

195 

144

Day.

,11

12 

13 

14 

15

16 

17

18 

19 

20

1914.

Apr.

153 

144 

127 

112

95

95 

95 

80 

74 

76

76 

69 

67 

61 

59

59 

59 

59 

76 

73

69 

59 

59 

85 

127

114 

311 

1,300 

580 

382

May.

346

278 

247 

232 

195

176 

211 

163 

166 

151

915 

538 

311 

278 

217

184 

163 

149 

137 

130

134 

189 

176 

3,150 

1,410

1,130 

715 

559 

497 

419 

311

Oct. Nov.

189 116 

195 116 

328 116 

497 116 

457 116

419 99 

364 95 

311 112

278 87 

247 80

June.

278 

' 247 

278 

419 

765

1,470 

1,130 

1,300 

765 

497

1,130

1,080 

1,530 

1,960 

1,840

1,130

765 

602 

890

477

865 

497 

477 

364 

311

625 

3,080 

2,500 

1,590

865

July.

670 

602 

692 

419 

328

294 

328 

247 

328 

311

184 

195 

181 

173 

168

168 

195 

151 

144 

130

125 

116 

116 

189 

151

144 

127 

538 

189 

144 

127

Day.

1914. 

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26... ..........

27..............

28..............

29..............

sn

31..............

Aug.

127 

116 

108 

112 

95

103

85 

84 

76 

84

80 

76 

69 

67 

67

80 

84 

76 

76 

134

85 

74 

103 

91 

76

61 

62 

69 

66 

61 

59

Oct.

232 

217 

206 

184 

179

173 

168 

161 

156 

156 

151

Sept.

166 

134

91 

74 

66

56 

56 

51 

54 

61

53

47 

74

865 

517

262 

278 

211 

168 

149

130 

189 

171 

144 

130

118 

149 

114 

103 

95

Nov.

76

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well denned between 50 and 200 secondfeet. Above 500 second-feet the estimates should be used with great caution. They may be as much as 25 

per cent in error.
122 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Upper Iowa River near Decorah, Iowa, for the period Aug. 27,1913,

to Nov. 21, 1914.

[Drainage area, 560 square miles.]

Month.

1913.

1913-14. 

October. . ...............................

March 25-31 .............................

April..... ...............................

July....................................

September ..............................

1914.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

51

85

477 

112 

95 

195 

1,300 

3,150 

3,080 

692 

134 

865

477 

149

Minimum.

44 

37

59 

67 

44 

87 

59 

130 

247 

116 

59 

51

76 

76

Mean.

47.2 

49.9

111 

77.0 

78.7 

125 

160 

448 

991 

254 

84.1 

159

237 

117

Per 

square 

mile.

0.084 

.089

.198 

.138 

.140 

.223 

.286 

.800 

1.77 

.454 

.150 

.284

0.423 

.209

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.02 

.10

.23 

.15 

.07 

.06 

.32 

.92 

1.98 

.52 

.17 

.32

0.49 

.16

Accuracy.

C. 

B.

B.

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A.

A. 

A.

WISCONSIN RIVER NEAR RHINELANDER, WIS.

LOCATION. On the line between sees. 26 and 27, T. 36 N., R. 8 E., Oneida County, at 

highway bridge immediately below power station of the Rhinelander Power Co., 

8 miles southwest of Rhinelander and 8 miles below the mouth of Pelican Eiver.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,110 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 1, 1905, to September 30,1915.

GAGE. Standard chain gage fastened to upstream side of bridge, read twice daily, 

morning and evening, by G. N. Kramer.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge to which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; during the greater part of the open-water period 

aquatic plants grow in the channel, destroying the open-water discharge relation. 

Both banks are high and will not overflow.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.8 feet at 7 a. m. 

July 18 (discharge approximately 2,920 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 

1.9 feet at 7 a. m. September 6 (discharge approximately 245 second-feet).

1905-1915: Maximum discharge recorded, 3,850 second-feet October 9, 1911; 

minimum discharge recorded, zero during August-September, 1907, and JuneJuly, 1908. The minimum flow is due to regulation and it is doubtful if the flow 

during these periods was absolutely zero. It is possible, however, so to control 

the flow that the absolute minimum for short periods will be small.

WINTER PLOW. Relatively warm water from service reservoir above the station prevents the formation of much ice on the control. Flow when ice is present is 

determined from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. Above the gaging station the following reservoirs are operated by the 

Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. for the purpose of regulating the flow: South 

Pelican, North Pelican, Big St. Germain, Little St. Germain, Sugar Camp, Seven 

Mile, Upper Nine Mile, Lower Nine Mile, Burnt Rollways, Long on Deerskin, 

Little Deerskin, Buckatahpon, Twin, and Vieux Desert. The flow is also regulated 

at the dam immediately above the station by the Rhinelander Paper Co. dam 

and the Otto Rapids dam of the Eagle River Electric Co. For more detailed 

information in regard to these reservoirs and power plants see page 127.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 123

ACCURACY. Records only fair, owing to presence of aquatic plants in the channel 

during the greater part of the year and to diurnal fluctuation. In September, 1915, 

a Stevens water-stage recorder was installed at the head of Whirlpool Rapids, 

Lincoln County, sec. 3, T. 35 N.r R. 8 E., about 2 miles below the present gage, 

and a cable installed from which discharge measurements may be made. The 

control at the new site will not be affected by vegetation and records will probably 

be more accurate.

Discharge measurements of Wisconsin River near Rhinelander, Wis., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Jan. 76

Feb. 116

Mar. 15

Made by 

G.H.Canfleld.. .......

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

height.

Feet. 

2.68

2.75

2.34

2.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,000

934

642

1,180

Date.

May 20

Aug. 16c

Made by 

G.H.Canfleld.........

H. C.Beckman. .......

.....do..................

height.

Feet. 

2.80

2.81

3.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,180

1,250

1,430

o Aquatic plants along shore but none in main channel.

6 No ice at gage section; complete in cover half a mile downstream.

c Heavy growth of aquatic plants in gage section.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wisconsin River near Rhinelander, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. 30,1915.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,220

1,180

1,010

850

970

850

890

890

970

89&

930

1,320

1,050^

1,050

1,180

1,220

1,270

890

1,220

1,410

1,360

1,270

1,320

1,220

1,140

1,220

1,180

1,140

1,050

1,010

Nov.

488

1,090

1,270

1,180

1,220

1,220

1,360

738

1,050

1,320

1,520

1,320

1,620

1,570

775

1,270

1,140

1,220

1,140

1,180

1,090

1,010

i non

1,180

1,090

1,180

1,320

1,270

1,320

1,140

Dec.

1,180

1,270

1,220

1,270

1,270

930

1,180

1,270

1,090

890

685

775

Jan.

790

800

840

Feb.

840

840

915

Mar.

1,150

1,160

930

Apr.

930

1,090

1,010

662

970

1,090

1,180

1,320

1,740

1,570

1,360

1,410

1,790

2,020

1,840

1,900

1 7on

1,180

1,520

1,570

1,570

1,840

1,460

1,410

1,050

1,520

1,270

1,270

'

May.

1,460

1,140

1,220

1,270

1,180

1,180

1,320

1,320

1,050

1,180

1,140

1,180

1,140

1,180

1,140

890

1,270

1,180

1,180

1,180

1 360

1,570

i non

1,410

1 OCA

1 360

l'l80

1,140

1,050

1 -ion

1,140

June.

1,220

1,140

1,050

1,010

1,050

850

1,180

1,050

1,010

1,140

1,140

1,010

850

1,140

1,220

1 14ft

1,050

1,270

1,180

700

77 E

1,180

1,140

1 140

1,050

QOA

700

SQft

QQft

019

July.

700

700

521

325

325

355

625

738

738

738

554

625

662

850

554

890

61 9

2,780

2,020

1 900

1 7Qft

1,570

l'570

AOA

1,010

QQft

SQft

1,010

Q7ft

890

Ang.

625

738

700

1,090

1,790

1,680

1,460

QAA

1,900

2,020

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,270

1,460

1 360

1^360

Q7ft

890

QAfl

850

9QX

775

700

00

488

464

*vrn

440

1,050

Sept.

1,180

1,140

1,090 i non

355

97ft

590

970

1,140

8-50

1,1«0

9Q9

418

930

1,090

TTK

I

lftft,

1 '812 140

1,050

I

oOA

1 1QA

1 140

l'l40

1,050

1,010

1,010

I

lftft,

I

Acn

NOTE. Discharge determined as follows: Oct. 1 to Nov. 10 and June 1 to Sept. 30, by indirect method; 

Nov. 11 to Dec. 10 and Apr. 1 to May 31, from a rating curve fairly well defined between 554 and 3,200 

second-feet; Dec. 11 to Mar. 31 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's notes, 

and weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for period included.
124

Monthly di

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

k of Wisconsin River near Rhinelander, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. 

30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 1,110 square miles.!

Month.

January.. . ..............................

February. ..............................

March. ..................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,410 

1,620 

1,270

2,020 

1,570 

1,270 

2,780 

2,020 

1,320

2,780

Minimum.

850

488

662 

890 

700 

325 

270 

270

270

Mean.

1,100 

1,180 

869 

811 

861 

1,080 

1,400 

1,210 

1,030 

967 

1,040 

943

1,040

Per 

square 

mile.

0.991 

1.06 

.783 

.731 

.776 

.973 

1.26 

1.09 

.928 

.871 

.937 

.850

.937

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.14 

1.18

.90 

.84 

.81 

1.12 

1.41 

1.26 

1.04 

1.00 

1.08 

.95

12.73

Accuracy.

pppp

WISCONSIN RIVER AT MERRILL, WIS.

LOCATION. At highway bridge at east end of the city of Merrill, Lincoln County, 

1,000 feet below the power house of the Merrill Electric Railway & Power Co., and 

half a mile below the mouth of Prairie River, coming in from the left. (See PI.

IV, B.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,630 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 17, 1902, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder installed September 11, 1914; November 17, 

1902, to June 17, 1903, staff gage; June 17,1903, to September 10,1914, chain gage 

attached to downstream side of highway bridge; datum same since June 17, 1903; 

records prior to this date questionable.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge a few feet above the recordCHANNEL AND CONTROL. Heavy gravel and rock; nearly permanent; small island 

below gage and small rapids on either side probably constitute control. Both 

banks fairly high and rarely overflow.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.30 feet at 1 a. m. 

August 7 (discharge, 6,760 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.95 feet at 7 

a. m. July 6 (discharge, approximately 450 second-feet).

1912-1915: Maximum stage recorded, approximately 17.5 feet at 5 a. m. July 24, 

1912 (discharge, 45,000 second-feet). During the preceding 24 hours 11.25 inches 

of rain fell in the vicinity of Merrill. According to C. B. Stewart, consulting 

engineer, Madison, the run-off of the 700 square miles between Merrill and Tomahawk was at the rate of 65 second-feet per square mile. If the estimate is extended to the entire area above Merrill the flow was 17 second-feet per square 

mile. Minimum stage recorded for the period, 2.7 feet, July 7, 1910 (discharge 

approximately 390 second-feet).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation affected somewhat by ice; flow determined from 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, gage record, and weather records.

REGULATION. Above the gaging station are 17 reservoirs, 3 in the Tomahawk River 

basin and 14 in the headwaters of Wisconsin River above the gaging station near 

Rhinelander, which are operated by the Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. for 

the purpose of regulating the flow in the Wisconsin River. In addition to the 

above reservoirs the following eight dams on Wisconsin and Tomahawk rivers are
U. 6. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 405 PLATE IV

A. MEASURING FLOW OF AN ICE-COVERED STREAM, WISCONSIN RIVER AT NECEDAH, WIS.

B. GAGING STATION ON WISCONSIN RIVER AT MERRILL, WIS. 

Looking upstream. Shows chain gage on bridge and shelter for water-stage recorder.
TIPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 125

operated for power: Merrill, Merrill Electric Light & Railway Co.; Grandfather, 

Father Falls, Grandfather Falls Co.; Tomahawk, Tomahawk Pulp & Paper Co.; 

Kings, Tomahawk Power Co.; Hat Rapids, Rhinelander Power Co.; Rhinelander, 

Rhinelander Power Co.; Otter Rapids. Eagle River Electric Co.; Tomahawk, 

Tomahawk Light. Telephone & Improvement Co. For more detailed information in regard to these reservoirs and power plants see table on page 127. 

ACCURACY. Rating curve well defined; mean daily discharge determined by integrating the discharge direct from recording gage records; channel practically permanent throughout the year; records believed excellent.

Discharge measurements of Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis., during the year ending Sept,

SO, 1915.

Date.

Oct. 5

6

Made by 

G.H.Canfleld. ........

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

04.79

4.74

4.40

5.03

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. i Q°.ft

1,720

1,370

1,760

Date.

9«

Mar. 8

Made by 

G.H.Canfleld.........

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5 14

4 co

6.23

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,380

1 880

1)370

4,240

a During measurement stage fell 0.6 foot in 20 minutes. 

b One channel partly frozen; control clear of ice.

Ice on control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

4.... ..........

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

1Q

20..............

91

99

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

97

28..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

2,050

2,050

2,050

2,050

2,250

3,380

2,160

2,630

2,560

2,740

3,220 9 sno

2,870

2,960

2 980

2,980

2,800

2,900

2,620

2,740

2 400

9J fifiO

2,540

1,860

2

onA

2,420

2,100

1,940

1,890

Nov.

2,040

1,400

1,860

1,870

1,910

1,840

1,870

1,900

1,190

1,420

1,760

1,820

1,710

1,790

1 Afift

1,490

1,980

1,520

1,840

1,770

1,430

1,780

1,770

1,920

1,650

1,840

1,920

1,960

Dec.

2,280

2,290

2,290

2,350

2,110

2,060

1,880

2,290

1,720

1,800

1,380

1,730

1,460

1,630

1,480

1,540

1,640

1,540

1 360

1,660

1,620

I

dftft

|l,400

Jan.

.

ll,330

1,330

1,540

1,640

1,640

1,600

1,230

1,420

1,280

1 430

1*400

1,140

1,400

1,540

1,250

1,630

1,440

1,360

1,380

1,470

1,570

1,140

1,430

1,480

1,250

1,380

1,470

1,280

Feb.

1,160

1,500

1,580

1,280

1,600

1,210

1,480

1,340

1,540

1,320

1,480

1,220

1,520

1,420

1,340

1,700

1,410

1,340

1,610

1,440

1,420

1,310

1,420

1,720

1,400

1 f»fiA

1,220

1 f»fiA

.......

Mar.

1,120

1,570

1,660

1,360

1,390

i tnfifl

1,300

1,260

1,640

1,530

1 QAft

1,920

1,710

1,680

2,020

1,740

1,870

1,910

1 Qfift

1 ^Qft

1 ^ft

2,100

1,820

1 830

2' 070

1,540

1,520

1,700

Apr.

1,800

1,720

1,760

1,900

3

ftOft

3 fi<ai

4,490

5,240

6,380

7,140

6,620

7 1 CA

6,400

5 640

5,560

5,520

5,310

4,780

5 080

4,280

4,070

4,780

3 (WI

4,060

4,170

4,020

3

OCft

May.

3,460

3,280

3,020

3,920

3,360

3 OOA

3,810

4,570

5,020

4 410

3 s Art

3

79ft

3

1 %f\

3 98ft

3,120

Q 7fifl

4,420

4,370

3

Cfi.fl

5,450

6,540

6,740

5,840

5,240

5,300

4,770

3 940

3 450

3' 97ft

2,610

June.

2,620

2,580

2,430

2,320

2,180

3,360

3,040

4,060

3,880

3,720

3,420

0 Qaft

2 680

2 Q7fl

2 840

2, 610

2 600

3^340

o fton

3 44ft

q 4Qft

2 590

2,120

2,420

o ccft

1,870

3,020

2,520

July.

2,180

1,970

1,790

1,350

1,280

845

1,700

1,480

1 ftQft

1,700

2 1fift

2

00ft

2,620

2 A OA

2,680

4 400

5,380

4,250

3

70A

3 350

3' 040

3,180

3 fifiA

3,220

2 7 en

2 660

2^400

2,100

2,070

Aug.

2,780

2 fiSft

4,070

6,080

7,020

7,520

6,180

5,010

4,120

3 920

3

* QCft

3 000

2 980

2 740

2 400

2* Q8ft

0 QOft

2

0OA

1,330

I

OQrt

I

T on

1 840

1 QAft

2,000

1,120

1,770

Sept,

2,020

2,140

2,160

2,240

1,980

1 fi4ft

1,460

1,280

i son

1,660

1,610

1,510

1,640

1,580

2,620

2,500

2,680

2,560

2,560

2,520

2

cftf\

2 640

2 160

2,020

O Eton

2

0QA

2,740

2 CCft

NOTE. Discharge determined from a rating curve well denned between 1,210 and 8,430 second-feet, 

poorly defined below 1,210 second-feet, and fairly well denned above 8,430 second-feet.

Discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 10 to Mar. 30; discharge during this period determined by standard 

methods used during periods when river is frozen over. Necessary corrections to gage heights determined 

from discharge measurements, gage records, observer's notes, and weather records. Instead of applying 

rating curve to mean daily gage height the discharge was determined by the "Fuller" integrator, which 

determines directly the mean daily discharge. Braced figures show mean discharge for period included.
126 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Month.

Discharge in secondfeet.

Maximum.

3,380 

2,040 

2,350

Minimum.

1,860 

1,190

Mean.

2,510 

1,750 

1,680 

1,410 

1,430 

1,680

Accuracy.

B. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C.

Month

April...............

May...............

July...............

The year......

Discharge in secondfeet.

Maximum.

7,150 

6,740 

4,060 

5,380 

7,520 

2,740

7,520

Minimum.

1,720 

2,610 

1,870 

845 

1,120 

1,280

........

Mean.

4,430 

4,140 

2,930 

2,610 

3,380 

2,130

2,510

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

AWISCONSIN RIVER NEAR NEKOOSA, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 15, T. 21 N., R. 5 E., 1£ miles below Nekoosa, Wood County. 

Tenmile Creek enters from the left about 2 miles below the station, and Big 

Roche a Gri Creek, also from the left, about 28 miles below the station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 5,500 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and Natural 

History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 21, 1914, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Gurley graph water-stage recorder, in wooden shelter on right bank of river, 

installed October 23, 1914; prior to this date a staff gage about 300 feet upstream 

from recording gage. The recording gage was set so as to give the same readings 

as the staff gage at medium stages; there is probably but slight difference in 

readings at other stages.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable a short distance above the gage house.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; clean; probably nearly permanent; both banks 

high and will rarely overflow.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.68 feet at 7 

a. m. May 24 (discharge, 19,800 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.80 foot 

10 p. m. August 31 to 2 a. m. September 1 (discharge, 1,030 second-feet).

May 21, 1914, to September 30, 1915: Maximum stage recorded, approximately 

15.3 feet during the flood of June 6 to 9, 1914, as determined by levels run to 

high-water marks after water had receded (discharge, approximately 54,000 

second-feet); minimum discharge recorded, 0.80 foot 10 p. m. August 31 to 2 a. m. 

September 1, 1915; discharge, 1,030 second-feet. The absolute minimum was 

probably below this figure and was due to regulation.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow determined from 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. No storage reservoirs discharge into the Wisconsin River between 

Nekoosa and Merrill. For detailed information in regard to the 17 storage reservoirs above Merrill on the Wisconsin River and its tributaries, see the table on 

page 127.

Between Nekoosa and Merrill the following 12 dams are operated for power: 

Edwards Paper Co.: Nekoosa dam and Port Edwards dam at Nekoosa; Centralia Pulp & Water Power Co. dam; Consolidated Water Power & Paper Co.; 

Grand Rapids dam and Biron dam; Plover Paper Co. dam at Whiting; Wisconsin 

River Paper & Pulp Co. dam; Jackson Milling Co. dam; Wausau Sulphate Fibre 

Co. dam; Marathon Paper Mills Co. dam; Wausau Street Railway Co. dam; Wausau 

Paper Mills Co. dam.

For more detailed information in regard to these power plants see table on 

page 127.

ACCURACY. Rating curve well defined; mean daily gage height accurately determined; channel permanent; open-water records excellent.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 127 

Reservoirs maintained by the Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co. in WlSfl

Name.

Tomahawk River.

Rice Storage. ......

Squirrel............

Minocqua.... ......

Wisconsin River.

South Pelican. .....

North Pelican......

Big St. Germain...

Little St. Germain.

Sugar Camp.......

Seven Mile.........

Upper Nine Mile...

Lower Nine Mile...

Burnt Rollways....

Long on Deerskin. .

Little Deerskin. ....

Buckatahpon ......

Twin..............

Vieux Desert.......

Location of reservoir.

Tps. 35-36 N., Rs. 5-7 E..

T.39N.,R.5E. .......

Tps.3S-40N.,Rs.6-7E..

T. 35 N.,Rs. 10-11 E....

Tps. 36-38 N., Es. 9-11 E.

Tps. 40-41 N., Rs. 7-8 E..

T.40N.,Rs.8-9E......

Tps. 38-39 N., Es. 8-10 E.

T. 39 N., Es. 11-12 E....

T. 40 N.,Rs. 11-12 E....

Tps. 39-40 N., E. HE..

Tps. 37-40 N., Es. 11-12

Tps*. 41-42 N., E. 12 E..

Tps. 40-41 N., Es. 10-11

T. 41N.,E. 9E.........

Tps. 41-42 N.,R. HE...

T. 42 N..E. HE.. ......

Location of dam.

Sees. 4 and 9, T. 35 N., E.

6E.

Sec. 30, T. 39N.,R. 5E..

Sec.10, T.39N.,R.6E..

Sec.ll,T.35N., R. 10 E..

Sec. 4, T. 36 N., E. 10 E..

Sec. 30, T. 40 N., R. 8E..

Sec. 35, T. 40 N., R. 8E..

Sec. 17, T. 39 N., E. 9 E. .

Sec. 11, T. 39 N., R. HE..

Sec. 36, T. 40 N., E. HE..

Sec. 4, T. 39N..E. HE..

Sec. 5, T. 39 N., R. HE..

Sec. 7, T. 41N..R. 12 E..

Sec. 33, T. 41 N., E. HE..

Sec. 24, T. 41 N., E. 9E..

Sec. 19,T.41N.,E. HE..

Sec.l7,T.42N.,R.llE..

Area of

reservoir.

Square

miles.

6.85

3.00

11.31

O. >; 40yea

2.33

2.51

1.57

3.34

.87

.24

1.14

10.91

3.96

.49

1.88

5.41

7.47

68.77

Drainage

area.

Square

miles.

558.25

17.07

81.60

22.50

93.00

68.76

19.34

59.00

14.00

3.00

28.00

133.00

28.80

4.90

14.10

25.70

27.50

1,198.52

Capacity

(millions of

cubic feet).

Summer.

1,788

152

291

0

83

243

142

380

117

14

93

386

316

22

142

330

600

5,099

Winter.

1,788

152

651

305

205

243

142

380

117

14

93

609

384

22

142

380

600

6,227

Power plants on Wisconsin and Tomahawk rivers above Nekoosa, Wisfl

Name of power.

Wisconsin River.

Nekoosa Edwards Paper Co.: 

Nekoosa dam. .................................... 

P ort Ed wards dam ............................... 

Centralia Pulp & Water Power Co. dam. . ............ 

Consolidated Water Power & Paper Co.:

Wisconsin River Paper & Pulp Co. dam. .............

Wausau Street Railway Co. dam.....................

Merrill Merrill Electric Light & Railway Co .........

Tomahawk Tomahawk Pulp & Paper Co ...........

Tomahawk, River.

Tomahawk Tomahawk Light, Telephone & Improvement Co.

Location.

T. 21N.,R. 5E............. 

T.22N.,R.5E............. 

T. 22N.,R. 5E.............

T.22N..R.6E.............

T.23N.,R.6E.... .........

T. 23 N., R. 8 E.. ...........

T.23N.,R.8E.. ........... 

T. 23N.,R. 8E.. ...........

Sec. 29, T. 27 N., R. 7 E.....

Sec. 24, T. 28N.,R. 7E.....

Sec. 35, T. 29 N., R. 7 E..... 

Sec. 3, T. 29N..R. 7E......

Sec. 13, T. 31 N., R. 6 E.....

Sec. 30, T. 33 N., R. 6 E.. . . .

Sec. 10, T. 34 N., R. 6 E..... 

Sec.25,T.35N.,R. 6E.....

Sec. 27, T. 36 N., R. 8 E.....

Sec. 6, T. 36 N., R. 9 E......

Sec. 36, T. 40 N., R. 9 E.....

Sec. 28, T. 35 N., R. 8 E.. . . .

Head developed.

Feet. 

19 

18 

13

28

16

6.5

18 

8

17

20

22 

16

14

33

16 

23

20

32

12

13.5

Area of 

pond in 

acres.

150 

50 

150

320

160

49

76

674

1,774

304 

596

2,733 

1,810

650

3,576

3,250

709

From information furnished by Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co.
128 SUKFACE WATEK SUPPLY,, 1915,, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Wisconsin River near Nekoosa, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Oct. 2

NOV.21&C

22<«

Jan. le

Feb. 3«

4«

Made by 

G. H. Canfield... ......

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.®

Feet.

9 91

1.07

1 7^

S

on

3

01

3

/y>

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

3

01fl

2 O1 A

2,130

1,530

Date.

Mar. 4/

Apr. 10

12

16

17

Made by 

G.H.Canfleld.. .......

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height. a

Feet. 

3.73

3.51

7.92

8.44

5.97

5.71

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2,940

17,700

19,200

11,800

11 200

o Refers to hook gage installed Oct. 23.

6 Some ice near shore, control nearly open.

c Made by wading under cable.

d Made through complete ice cover 2 miles down stream; frazil under ice at gage section.

e Made through complete ice cover; no frazil in section.

/ Made at cable section; two-thirds ice cover.

Daily discharge in second-feet of Wisconsin River near Nekoosa, Wis., for the years ending

Sept. SO, 1914-1915.

Day.

1914. 

1............

2............

3............

4..........

6............

6............

7............

8............

9........

10.. ....... ..

11........

12... .

13............

14...

15............

Day.

1914-15. 

1...........

2..........

3.............

4.............

5.............

6.............

7.............

8......... .

9.............

10.............

11..........

12.............

13.............

14.............

15.............

16.............

17............

18.............

19.............

20.............

21.............

22.............

23.............

24............

25.............

26.............

27............

28.............

29............

30.............

31........

May.

......

......

Oct.

S

QOrt

4,020

S

oon

2

ftfif\

4,020

4,020

2,150

3 inn

4,210

3,800

4,020

3

QOf|

3,740

3 640

3 640

4,020

3,280

June.

6,200 1

6,660 1

6,660 1

24,000 1

1

[34,300

21,400

15,400

9 4.ftft

8 18ft

6,540

Nov.

2 480

3

1Qrt

3 460

2,920

2,660

2 Q9ft

2,740

3,010

3,010

2,320

2

K7f»

2 fififi

2 fifin

2

00f|

2,740

2,660

2

OQA

2,740

2,150

2,300

July.

7 800

7,800 Q 4.nn

7 200

2,800

1,200

8 49ft

7,230

5,980

5,760

5 980

6,660

6,770

6,660

6,770

Dec.

2,840

 1,860

1,790

Aug.

3,980

3 Q9ft

3 ion

3,010

3 Q9A

3,680

2,740

2,570

2

QOn

3,370

3 q7f»

3 14/1

2

QOrt

2

ftftf|

2 1 VI

Jan.

1,800

1,620

2,010

Sept.

5,220

7,460

6,090

6,200

5,870

6,090

5,220

5,320

4,300

3,740

4,120

4,120

4,400

6,420

5,650

Feb.

2,020

2,350

3,240

I

1

16. . . .

17....

18....

1Q

20....

21....

99

23....

24....

25....

26....

97

28....

on

30

01

Mar.

x

2,600

[2,900

2,920

3,920

4 onft

7,000

6,090

4,800

4,800

)ay.

914.

Apr.

4,600

4,300

4

enn

5,120

7,940

12,300

15,400

17,200

10 Af\f\

18, «X)

in Qftrt

16,000

13,900

12,300

10 900

10*700

9,900

8,180

7 Q4A

8

1 on

7,940

7,700

7,460

8,180

7,460

6,540

7 non

7,230

May.

4,800

5,540

13,900

19,000

16,900

12,300

10,700

9,150

8,420

7,460

6,090

May.

6,310

6,310

6,090

5,430

6,090

6,540

6,540

7,230

9,150

10,200

8,900

7,940

6,540

6,090

6,310

5,870

7,000

8,180

9,400

9 4ftft

10,200

13,100

18,400

19,900

16,900

12,500

10,900

10,400

8,660

7,230

6,310

June.

6,770

4,400

3,790

4,020

5,320

5,870

6,310

5,650

5,120

6,090

6,660

7,700

12,000

16,600

17,800

June.

5,220

4,800

4,120

3,830

4,020

3,830

4 020

5,540

6,310

5,760

6,540

6,770

6,770

6,540

5,320

4,800

5,010

4,800

4,600

4,600

7,000

6,770

6,540

5,540

5,120

4,400

4,600

3,640

3,370

4,120

July.

6,880

5,540

5,540

5,430

5,320

4,700

3,830

3,830

3,870

3,830

3,740

5,540

5,010

3,920

3,280

3,500

July.

3,920

4,300

3,920

3,010

2,660

4,020

2,920

2,570

2,660

2,400

1,850

2,660

1,520

3,640

3,830

3,640

3,640

5,540

5,220

6,770

5,220

4,700

4,500

4,500

4,210

4,600

5,430

5,120

4,600

4,500

4,020

Aug.

1,720

2,480

3,190

4,360

6,'770

6,540

5,760

4,700

5,650

6,880

7,940

7,000

6,420

6,880

6,200

5,870

Aug.

3,740

4,400

4,400

4,300

7,230

9,900

10,900

11,500

10,400

8,660

7,460

6,770

5,760

5,650

4,400

4,800

4,210

4,600

4,500

4,500

4,020

2,920

3,280

2,920

3,100

3,280

2,480

2,740

3,550

2,010

1,330

Sept.

7,940

8,900

9,900

8,180

7,940

7,700.

6,090

4,900

5,650

5,010

4,600

4,640

4,300

3,680

3,740

Sept.

2,480

2,740

2,480

2,020

2,320

3,010

2,400

3,100

2,480

2,400

2,480

2,070

2,920

2,660

3,190

3,740

3,460

4,300

4,210

3,830

3,830

4,210

3,550

3,740

3,550

3,550

3,100

2,920

3,460

3,100

NOTE. Discharge, except as noted below, determined from a well-defined rating curve. June 6-9,1914, 

estimated because water was over gage, from maximum gage height of 15.3 feet, determined by levels to 

high-water mark; Oct. 10-22,1914, estimated, because gage was not read, from flow preceding and following 

this period, and general conditions of flow; June 26, 27, and 28,1915, partly estimated; Nov. 21 to Mar. 22, 

estimated because of ice from discharge measurements, observer's notes, an4 we.ath.ej: reqords. Braced, 

figures show mean discharge for period included.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 129

'Monthly discharge of Wisconsin River near Nekoosa, Wis.,for the years ending Sept.30,

1914-1915. 

[Drainage area, 5,500 square miles."]

Month.

1914. 

May 21-31.......... ............................................

July...........................................................

September. ....................................................

1914-15.

April..........................................................

May........ ...................................................

July...........................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

19,000 

654,000 

18,400 

7,940 

9,900

3,460

7,000

19,300 

19,900 

7,000 

6,770 

11,500 

4,300

19,900

Minimum.

4,800 

3,790 

3,280 

1,720 

3,680

2,150

4,300 

5,430 

3,370 

1,520 

1,330 

2,020

Mean.

10,400 

12,500 

7,390 

4,380 

5,780

3,700 

2,580 

2,150 

1,820 

2,490 

3,460 

10,300 

9,030 

5,140 

3,940 

5,150 

3,110

4,410

Accuracy.

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A.

C. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A.

a Estimates of "Second-feet per square mile" and "Run-off (depth in inches)" omitted, as distribution 

of flow at station is due to regulation. See description of station on "Wisconsin River at Merrill, "Wis. 

6 Estimated crest of flood, June 6-9,1914.

WISCONSIN RIVER AT MUSCODA, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 1, T. 8 N., R. 1 W., Grant County, at highway bridge 1 mile 

north of the village of Muscoda. Eagle Mill Creek enters from the right about 

half a mile below, Underwood Creek from the left 4J miles above the station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 10,300 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and 

Natural History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 21, 1902, to December 31, 1903, and December 4, 

1913, to September 30, 1915. Gage heights November 1, 1908, to December 31, 

1912, published in United States Weather Bureau bulletin, Daily River Stages, 

parts 9, 10, and 11.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to plate girder on downstream side of bridge; read twice 

daily, morning and evening, to half-tenths; by William Hessler. Elevation of 

zero of present -gage approximately 12.62 feet above that of gage maintained 

December 20, 1902, to December 31, 1903; elevation of gage November, 1908, 

to December 3, 1913, as read and published by United States Weather Bureau 

was approximately the same as that of present gage, sea-level elevation of which 

is approximately 666.2 feet.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. No well-defined control at this station; rock outcrops for 

about 100 feet under right-hand end of the bridge; rest of the channel is sand 

and shifts during medium and high stages. The left bank is high and will not 

overflow; right bank low and will overflow above the bridge. The road leading 

to the bridge is high and all the water will pass under the bridge.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.0 feet April 17 

(discharge, 23,600 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.70 feet December 2, 

1914 (discharge, approximately, 3,390 second-feet).

1903 and 1914-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 22.70 feet September 23, 1903, 

corresponding to 10.1 feet for present gage datum (discharge, approximately, 

60,500 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.7 foot December 2, 1914, and 5 

p. m., July 24, 1915 (discharge, approximately, 3,140 second-feet).

47878° wsr 405 17 9
130 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

According to the records of the United States Weather Bureau x (see note under 

Gage) on June 11, 1881, the river reached a stage of 11.1 feet and during August, 

1868, 0.0; corresponding discharge not computed owing to possible changes in 

channel and datum of gage.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow determined from 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. Nearest power plant above the station is at Prairie du Sac, about 40 

miles distant; during the last part of 1915 considerable diurnal fluctuation wag 

observed at the gage. Owing to regulation by storage in the headwaters, the 

flow at this station is not natural. For detailed information in regard to the 

reservoirs and power plants above Nekoosa, see page 127.

ACCURACY. Rating curve only fairly well defined; channel not permanent; some 

diurnal fluctuation; records fair.

Discharge measurements of Wisconsin River at Muscoda, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

26a

Made by 

M.F.Kather.. .........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.32

3.32

Discharge.

Sec.-/*. 

4,190

3,920

Date.

Apr. 28

July 14

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.55

1.57

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

11,800

4,970

« Made through complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wisconsin River at Muscoda, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1.. ........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9.. ........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

97

28. .........

9Q

30..........

31..........

Oct.

7,620

7, 240

6,870

6,160

5,830

5

CQA

6,160

6,510

6,870

6,510

6,160

6,510

6,510

8,010

8,400

8,400

9,180

9

c 7A

8,790

8,790

8,010

7,620

6,870

7,240

6,870

6,510

6,160

6,510

Nov.

6,160

6,510

5,530

5,830

5,530

5,250

5,250

5,250

5 Ann

5,830

5,830

5,250

5,000

5 OCA

5 OKA

5,000

5

COA

5,830

4

QCA

4,350

4,150

4

KG(\

5,000

5,530

5,530

Dec.

4,350

3,570

5,530

5,830

5,250

5,530

5,250

5,830

5,250

5,530

5,830

4,780

A K7A

4,170

Jan.

4,020

4,100

4,050

Feb.

4,200

7,400

11,500

Mar.

8,520

9,430

8,350

8 OCA

8,350

7 goo

8

AAA

10 200

1ft fiftfi

9 800

9 800

10 600

10,600

19 Iftfl

13,300

Apr.

12,900

U QAA

10,200

9 800

9' 800

10 600

9,' 430

W finn

12,900

14,600

91 °.ftft

91 °.ftft

91 Qftft

22 400

00 f&lft

O1 QAA

19 200

15^900

15,400

1 * ftftn

12 100

U' 7nn

11 300

n

qnA

11,300

U QAA

10,600

May.

10,600

9 800

9 060

U OAft

in 9ftfl

9 800

8 OCA

10,900

8 AAA

9,430

12, 100

10 qnn

11 700

9 800

9,430

9 800

9

' cnn

1n onrt

12 100

14 100

15,400

15, 400

1fl °.AA

1Q OAA

91 Qftn

OA OAA

16, 300

June.

15,400

1 K Ann

9 800

U

1 °.nn

1ft Qnn

9,430

6,980

7,320

6,980

7 660

8 330

10^200

9 800

o'nfift

8 OCA

9

ACA

9 060

9 060

8

7AA

S flno.

8,350

5 Qo A

8 AnA

9

CAA

9 CftA

8 <Ym

6 980

5^650

July.

6,310

6,310

S oon

6

AOA

6,310

5,980

6,310

6,310

5

QQA

5,650

5,650

6,310

5,030

5,030

4

7CA

4 750

4 490

3,290

5,650

S

OCrt

6,980

6,980

7,660

6,310

1ft Ann

9 JQ A

7,660

Aug.

10,600

10 900

8

7nn

9 060

10 onn

10,200

9 d°.n

9 4°. n

9 060

15^000

1 f\ nnn

i q 7ftA

1 9 QAA

n

OAA

9 800

10,200

9,430

10 900

10,200

8

7AA

8,350

8 nnn

7 fifift

7,320

7,320

5 00 A

4

7CA

4 250

4,750

8,350

Sept.

6,980

5,330

e OOA

4 490

4^490

4,490

4,490

4,750

5 ADA

5,330

5,650

7,320

6,310

8,700

10 900

12,100

12 900

19 inn

9,430

8

QCA

11,300

11,700

11,700

10,200

9,430

9,430

10 900

8 nnn

i Daily river stages, pt. 10, p. 98.

NOTE. Discharge determined as follows: Oct. 1 to Dec. 14, from a rating curve well defined between 

3,570 and 16,500 second-feet; Mar. 17 to Sept. 30, from a rating curve fairly well denned between 4,490 and 

13,700 second-feet; Dec. 15 to Mar. 16, estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's 

notes and weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for period included.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RI^ER BASIN. 131

Monthly discharge of Wisconsin River at Muscoda, Wis., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1915.

[Drainage area, 10,300 square miles.]

Month.

October. ................................

April....................................

May. ...................................

July. ...................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

9,570 

6,510 

5,830

23,600 

21,900 

15,400 

10,600 

15,000 

12,900

23,600

Minimum,

5,530 

4,150 

3,570

8,350 

7,660 

5,330 

3,290 

4,250 

4,490

Mean.

7,200 

5,340 

4,700 

4,060 

7,430 

9,090 

14,300 

12,300 

8,920 

6,080 

9,330 

8,220

8,080

Per 

square 

mile.

0.699 

.518 

.456 

.394 

.721 

.883 

1.39 

1,19 

.866 

.590 

.906 

.798

.784

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.81 

.58 

.53 

.45 

.75 

1.02 

1.55 

1.37 

.97 

.68 

1.04 

.89

10.64

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

C. B.- 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

TOMAHAWK RIVER NEAR BRADLEY, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 16, T. 36 N., R. 6 E., Oneida County, 2 miles west of Cassion, 

4 miles north of Bradley, 4 miles downstream from the mouth of Bearskin Creek, 

(coming in from the right), and 8 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 422 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 18, 1914, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to cantilever arm on the right bank; read twice daily, 

morning and evening, to quarter-tenths, by Frank Sutherland.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable about half a mile below gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel at gage and a short distance below sandy and 

likely to shift. Control is formed by rapids about 2,000 feet below gage. Channel at cable section heavy gravel and permanent. When a head of 15 feet is 

maintained in Rice Lake storage dam, in sees. 4 and 9, T. 35 N., R. 6 E., backwater will extend halfway up the rapids which are below the gage, and probably affect the discharge relation. During 1914 and 1915 the maximum head 

maintained at the reservoir was 11 feet 3 inches, which probably did not affect 

the control for the gage.

EXTREMES OP STAGE. 1914-1915: Maximum recorded stage during year, 4.7 feet April 

14 and 15,1915; minimum stage recorded, 1.95 feet September 10 to 13,1914.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow determined from 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. Squirrel and Minocqua reservoirs, above the station, are operated 

for the purpose of regulating flow in Wisconsin River. 1

ACCURACY. Gage-height record reliable; data insufficient to warrant publication of 

estimates of daily discharge.

1 See U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 417, p. 13.
132 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Feb. 106

Mar. 176

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

M. F. Bather...... .....

height.

Feet. 

2.59

2 77

3.07

3 OR

4.45

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

144

304

326

OQQ

734

Date.

May 21

A!tcr 11

Sept. 13

13

Made by 

.....do..................

W. G. Hoyt............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.55

2.73

1.97

1.98

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

665

429

264

270

a Made from cable; partial ice cover.

6 Made through complete ice cover near gage.

« Probably ice on control.

Daily gage height in feet, of Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

T...... ........

8.. ............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

2.65

2.65

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.5

2.65

2.7

2.75

2.75

2.85

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.95

2.9

2.85

2.8

2.8

2.75

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.55

2.55

2.55

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.48

Nov.

2.45

2.45

2.44

2.46

2.48

2.44

2.4

2.39

2.38

2.38

2.36

2.35

2.34

2.38

2.49

2.5

2.44

2.85

3.05

2.85

2.6

2.45

2.35

2.41

2.5

2.7

2.75

2.7

2.75

2.9

.......

Dec.

3.0

3.0

3.65

3.25

3.2

3.25 "i'e"

2.9

"2.95"

3.0

3.0

2.95

2 0

2.85"

"2." 7"

2.6

"2." 55"

"i'e"'

Jan.

2.6 "2.7"

2.7

"2.~8~"

2.8

2.8

2.85

2.85

"2.9"

"2." 95

2.95 "s.'o"

"i'o"

"3." 65"

" "3." 65"

~~3.~6~"

Feb.

"s.'os"

"3.65

3.05 "s.'i"

3.1

3

1 . j.

3.15

3.15

3.15

3

0 

. &

"3.2"

"~3."2

3.2

"3." 25

.......

Mar.

"3." 25

"3.3"

3.25

"3."2"

3.25

3.3"

3.35

3.35

3.4 "3.4"

"3." 45"

" 3~5"

2.8

" .3." 15

" .3.4"

.......

Apr.

2.9

2.6

2.9

3.15

3.6

3.95

4.4

4.5

4.5

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.1

3.9

4 2

4.6

4.2

3.2

3.15

3.15

3.05

May.

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.45

3.45

3.35

3.3

3.3

3.25

3.2

3.4

3.5

3.55

3.5

3.4

3.55

3.75

3.8

3.9

3.95

3.85

3.65

3.4

3.25

2.95

2.8

June.

2.65

2.5

2.44

2.35

2.3

2.9

3.6

3.7

3.7

3.55

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.35

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.35

3.3

3.2

3.05

2.85

2.65

2.5

2.5

2.49

2.38

July.

2.28

2.2

2.16

2.19

2.24

2.25

2.19

2.15

2.08

2.0

2.2

2.7

2.9

2.9

3.6

4.0

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.1

3.9

3.7

3.4

3.25

3.15

3.05

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.6

Aug.

2.25

2.6

3.05

3.55

3.8

3.9

3.95

3.95

3.85

3.7

3.45

3.15

2.9

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.75

2.65

2.55

2.46

2.38

2.3

2.21

2.28

2.38

2.39

2.4

2.38

2.48

2.6

2.55

Sept.

2.49

2.36

2.22

2.2

2.15

2.06

2.02

2.0

2.0

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.96

2.36

3.3

3.6

3.9

4.1

4.2

4.1

3.95

3.75

3.5

3.3

3.15

3.35

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.7

.......

NOTE. Discharge relation affected by ice and other causes from about Nov. 11 to Apr. 30. 

PRAIRIE RIVER NEAR MERRILL, WIS.

LOCATION. On line between sees. 20 and 29, T. 32 N., R. 7 E., Lincoln County, at 

highway bridge 4J miles northeast of Merrill, and about 5£ miles above the mouth 

of the river. Haymeadow Creek enters from the left about 5 miles above the 

station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 164 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and Natural 

History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 18, 1914, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream side of bridge; read twice daily, morning 

and evening, to quarter-tenths, by G. H. Bell.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At low stages made by wading; at medium and high 

stages from downstream side of bridge to which gage is attached.
tTPPEft MISSISSIPPI tUVEE BASIN. 133

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; clean and free from vegetation. Left bank is only 

of medium height and may overflow at high stages; right bank is high and will 

not overflow; both banks wooded. No well-defined control.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 3.7 feet at 4 p. m. 

May 22 (discharge, 738 second-feet); minimum discharge, 72 second-feet, recorded 

by discharge measurement made January 4.

1914-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 4.6 feet; April 30, 1914 (discharge, 1,160 

second-feet); minimum, 72 second-feet, recorded by measurement made January 4, 1915. Absolute minimum occurred during the winter period 1914-1915 and 

was probably somewhat less than 72 second-feet.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice; flow estimated from discharge 

measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

ACCURACY. Rating curve well defined over a range in stage covered by gagQ heights; 

no diurnal fluctuation; control permanent; records excellent.

Discharge measurements of Prairie River near Merrill, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Oct. 7

Feb. 80

Made by 

G. H. Canfleld.........

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.84

1.90

1.78

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

109

72

85

Date.

Mar. 76

Made by 

G. H. Canfleld.........

W.G.Hoyt... .........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.77

2.79

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

102

370

« Made through partial ice cover. 6 Ice along shores but control clear.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Prairie River near Merrill, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

118

120

118

118

115

115

120

148

159

172

184

184

184

184

172

159

148

137

133

128

126

122

118

126

128

137

137

128

126

122

122

Nov.

118

118

122

122

122

120

118

118

115

115

116

115

96

120

148

172

148

120

159

159

159

186

212

Dec.

186

159

154

148

135

122

120

118

110

103

102

101

85

75

Jan.

70

 75

80

Feb.

85

95

100

Mar.

Ill

122

116

110

110

110

52

73

90

106

108

110

108

106

102

97

99

101

101

101

99

97

102

106

112

118

110

103

97

91

97

Apr.

103

101

114

110

137

330

313

384

458

535

614

614

574

535

366

348

330

313

313

313

296

278

278

348

421

384

366

384

348

313

May.

261

244

261

278

1278

:278

330

440

440

421

313

296

;278

244

244

313

440

421

440

458

458

1738

696

655

614

496

421

421

348

256

212

June.

212

172

159

137

137

313

458

535

402

348

330

278

261

244

198

184

184

172

184

212

184

172

159

137

128

118

110

110

184

159

July.

137

133

118

118

133

137

128

133

106

103

133

212

212

184

159

212

384

348

278

212

172

159

137

228

278

348

261

228

184

184

159

Aug.

244

313

348

535

655

655

574

458

366

296

244

184

169

133

128

137

133

137

128

110

103

97

103

106

103

101

97

101

110

110

106

Sept.

103

97

101

97

97

93

97

101

103

101

101

103

118

133

148

137

137

133

137

128

115

103

115

103

101

97

103

110

106

106

NOTE. Discharge, except as noted below, determined from a rating curve well defined between 103 and 

870 second-feet, Nov. 27,29, Dec. 1,3,5,7,9,11, and Mar. 1,3,5, and every other day throughout the month, 

interpolated. Discharge Nov. 18-25 and Dec. 13 to Feb. 28, estimated, because of ice, from discharge 

measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for period 

included.
134

Monthly di

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

of Prairie River near Merrill, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1915. 

[Drainage area, 164 square miles.]

Month.

October. ................................

December. ..............................

February. ..... ..........................

March... . ..............................

April. ...................................

June ....................................

July.. ............................

September. .............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

184 

212 

186

122 

614 

738 

535 

384 

655 

148

738

MJTi.tipi.iTn.

115 

96

73 

101 

212 

110

103 

97 

93

Mean.

139 

131 

98.8 

75.2 

92.9 

103 

344 

388 

219 

191 

228 

111

177

Per 

square 

mile.

0.848 

.799 

.602 

.459 

.566 

.628 

2.10 

2.37 

1.34 

1.16 

1.39 

.677

1.08

Bnn-ofl 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.98 

.89 

.69 

.53 

.59 

.72 

2.34 

2.73 

1.50 

1.34 

1.60 

.76

14.67

Accuracy.

A. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

LITTLE RIB RIVER NEAR WAUSAU, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 29, T. 29 N., R. 7 E., Marathon County, at second highway bridge 

above mouth, about 3J miles west of Wausau and 1 mile above junction with Big 

Rib River.

DRAINAGE ABBA. 76 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and Natural 

History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 10, 1914, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to downstream side of highway bridge; read twice daily

* morning and evening, to quarter-tenths, by Harry Hartwig.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge during high 

water; at low and medium stages by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel and sand; control small rapids on each side of small 

island about 20 feet below gage; left bank high and will not overflow; right bank 

low above gage and during exceptional high floods will overflow around right end 

of bridge; both banks brush covered.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.75 feet at 6.15 

a. m. April 6 (discharge, 695 second-feet); minimum discharge, 6.4 second-feet 

recorded by measurement made January 5; absolute minimum for the winter 

period probably less than 6.4 second-feet.

1914-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 9.85 feet at 6 p. m. June 4, 1914 (discharge, approximately 1,880 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during open 

water, 1.18 feet August 6 to 9, 1914 (discharge, approximately 6 second-feet); 

mean of 4 second-feet was estimated for the period February 21 to 28,1914.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow estimated from 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 135

ACCURACY. Rating curve fairly well defined over a range in stage covered by gage 

heights; no diurnal fluctuation; results subject to errors due to changes in channel 

and to collection of debris on the control in spring; records only fair.

Discharge measurements of Little Rib River near Wausau, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Mar. 96

Made by 

G. H. Canfleld....... . . .

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.22

1.21

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6.4

8.6

9.6

Date.

Sept. 9

9

Made by 

H. T.Critchlow........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

.. 1.74

1.15

1.15

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

64.

12.0

11.3

o Complete ice cover at gage; nearly open at control.

6 Made by wa.ding; complete ice cover at gage; nearly open at control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Little Rib River near Wausau, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1. .............

2. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27. .............

28..............

29. .............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

13

13

12

12

12

12

13

72

34

25

34

43

72

78

46

32

27

23

21

19

18

17

17

17

17

16

14

13

13

13

13

Nov.

12

12

13

15

17

14

13

13

12

12

11

12

12

13

25

42

43

14

a 12

11

a 10

10

a 9

8

a 10

11

a 12

12

a 12

19

Dec.

a 18

24

a 22

19

a 16

12

a 10

8

a 10

12

all

10

9

7

Jan.

6

7

8

Feb.

9

al6

16

24

«57

90

a 70

50

a39

28

a40

51

57

«63

54

46

a38

30

Mar.

o26

22

a 21

20

o!9

18

a!7

16

a 16

16

o!6

16

a22

28

28

30

o30

30

a29

28

o26

90

o60

100

Apr.

56

58

132

i f\n

200

652

368

384

305

400

oon

140

125

110

110

103

85

88

75

63

50

44

40

34

44

34

28

May.

26

90

39

7C

50

QQ

125

162

89

K7

AK

42

34

Ort

28

140

155

132

93

89

384

KC7

148

110

14fi

83

58

50

43

QK

June.

' 31

28

25

23

22

125

125

46

38

40

14fi

68

4fi

35

27

24

22

22

170

85

51

Af\

30

26

22

20

19

16

39

30

July.

20

16

15

15

16

15

15

15

14

1Q

1 3

1 ^

15

13

15

17

16

13

13

12

1 3

1 3

21

QO

68

28

22

30

24

20

16

Aug.

15

23

74

110

170

82

61

46

33

OA

25

21

1Q

 18

16

'28

74

27

20

17

16

14

14

15

14

10

13

19

i P;

97

1Q

Sept.

15

14

13

12

12

12

13

14

13

12

11

12

20

67

26

20

16

15

13

10

12

19

12

10

19

12

10

12

12

1O

o Interpolated. \

NOTE. Discharge determined as follows: Oct. 1 to Dec. 14. from a rating curve well defined between 

7 and 830 second-feet; Feb. 12 to Sept. 30, except Mar. 25-31 and Apr. 4 and 5, from a rating curve fairly well 

defined between 11 and 830 second-feet. Discharge Mar. 25-31 and Apr. 4 and 5 estimated because of log 

jam. Discharge Dec. 13 to Feb. 10 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for period included.
136 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Little Rib River near Wausau, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

[Drainage area, 76 square miles.]

Month.

October .................................

February ...............................

March... ................................

April....................................

May...... ...... .........................

June....................................

July.....................................

The year ..........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

78 

43 

24

90

652 

567 

170 

68 

170 

67

652

Minimum.

12

8

16 

28 

23 

16 

12 

12 

11

Mean.

25.2 

14.5 

10.3 

7.0 

31.4 

43.6 

150 

107 

47.8 

18.8 

34.9 

15.5

42.1

Per 

square 

mile.

0.332 

.191 

.136 

.092 

.413 

.574 

1.97 

1.41 

.629 

.247 

.459 

.204

.554

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.38 

.21 

.16 

.11 

.43 

.66 

2.20 

1.63 

.70 

.28 

.53 

.23

7.52

Accuracy.

B. 

C. 

D. - D. 

C. 

O. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

EAU CLAIRE RIVER AT KELLY, wis.

LOCATION. In sec. 13, T. 23 N., R. 8 E., Marathon County, at highway bridge threefourths mile below Kelly, about a mile above mouth of Big Sandy Creek, which 

enters from the right, and 4| miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 326 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and Natural 

History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1914, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to downstream side of highway bridge; read twice daily, 

morning and evening, to quarter-tenths, by J. J. Duginski.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge at medium and 

high stages; by wading below bridge at low stages.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Heavy gravel and rock; gage is in the rapids which form the 

control; banks medium high and will not overflow.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 3.0 feet May 22 

(discharge, 1,120 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.45 foot, October 2 and 

3 (discharge, approximately 40 second-feet).

1914-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 4.7 feet at 5 p. m. June 4,1914; (discharge, 

approximately 2,360 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.45 foot August 13, 

14, and 15, 1914, and October 2 and 3, 1915 (discharge, approximately 40 secondfeet).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation affected somewhat by ice, though not to such an 

extent as other streams in this region; flow estimated from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. Immediately above the gage is a dam which was formerly used to 

create a pond at a mill but is now used for floating logs; during a few days in 

the spring the manipulation of the gates in this dam causes sudden fluctuations at 

the gage; at other times the flow is natural.

ACCURACY. Curve well developed; control and channel permanent; no diurnal 

fluctuation; records excellent.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 137

Discharge measurements of Eau Claire River at Kelly, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Oct. 15

Feb. 7o

Made by 

G.H.Canfield. ........

.....do.................

.....do.................

 »,

Feet. 

1.35

.90

1.11

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

225

68

70

Date.

Mar. 9b

Made by 

G.H.Canfleld.. .......

W. G.Hoyt............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

.80

1.04

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

86

141

o Made through complete ice cover below gage. 

* Made by wading, control practically clear of ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Eau Claire River at Kelly, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7.. ............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

21..............

22..............

23. .............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct

44

43

41

o67

93

84

93

106

129

168

182

210

196

196

224

210

182

182

155

129

124

109

100

84

078

71

65

64

60

60

58

Nov.

60

58

63

68

64

60

63

60

63

63

58

64

70

93

90

o90

89

091

93

olOO

106

o!12

119

o!64

Dec.

210

o!96

182

«156

129

o!26

124

104

100

o89

78

o74

71

79

070

68

65

Jan.

65

60

Feb.

70

110

Mar.

, 90

71

85

82

85

89

94

o!02

109

104

100

100

100

100

olOO

100

100

100

300

300

267

o218

168

168

155

Apr.

129

155

182

o 201

320

738

800

925

990

990

o990

990

862

677

617

557

557

0557

557

617

557

340

390

471

738

677

4OQ

471

443

182

May.

182

210

300

390

300

300

443

738

617

557

390

390

340

390

267

300

499

557

528

800

1,120

1.060

677

AQQ

443

267

267

267

267

June.

267

224

210

182

155

o211

267

267

238

129

300

340

365

320

267

238

210

238

238

284

267

182

196

182

155

129

o!29

129

155

182

July.

224

204

182

160

155

155

134

129

109

104

116

109

104

96

104

129

142

155

155

145

155

155

155

155

ol58

160

171

182

196

160

129

Aug.

o!37

145

177

216

238

499

443

416

365

284

196

16S

116

94

o90

85

134

116

89

85

85

o85

85

85

85

85

85

85

085

85

85

Sept.

85

82

74

71

o71

71

71

70

65

64

64

085

,106

134

134

158

155

155

ol44

134

129

109

87

85

85

086

87

85

82

78

o Interpolated.

NOTE. Discharge, except as noted below, determined from a rating curve well defined between 71 and 

1,460 second-feet.

Nov. 15-21 and Dec. 20 to Mar. 7, estimated because of ice from discharge measurements, observer's notes, 

and weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for periods included.
138 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Eau Claire River at Kelly, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915. 

[Drainage area, 326 square miles.]

Month.

March ...................................

April....................................

May.....................................

June. ...................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

224

210

300 

990 

1,120 

365 

224 

499 

155

1,120

Minimum.

41 

58

71 

129 

182 

129 

96 

85 

64

Mean.

116 

83.4 

92.9 

62.4 

88.6 

123 

573 

477 

222 

148 

162 

96.9

187

Per 

square 

mile.

0.356 

.256 

.285 

.191 

.272 

.377 

1.76 

1.46 

.681 

.454 

.497 

.297

.574

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.41 

.29 

.33 

.22

.28 

.43 

1.96 

1.68 

.76 

.52 

.57 

.33

' 7.78

Accuracy.

A. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B.

BIG EAU PLEINE RIVER NEAR STRATFORD, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 13, T. 27 N., R. 3 E., Marathon County, at highway bridge at a 

place locally known as Weber Farm, about 2 miles north of Stratford, about 1 mile 

above the Chicago & North Western Railway bridge. Dill Creek enters from the 

right about 5 miles above the station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 223 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and Natural 

History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 24, 1914, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Sloping gage reading from 1.0 to 15.6 feet, on right bank of the river and 

vertical staff gage, reading from 15 to 18 feet at upper end of sloping gage; gage 

read twice daily, morning and evening, to quarter-tenths, by Christian Weber.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At low stages made by wading about 1,000 feet below 

gage; at medium and high stages made either from a highway bridge or from the 

Chicago & North Western Railway bridge, both below the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Very heavy gravel and rock; control at head of rapids 400 

feet below gage. Both banks at gage are high and will overflow only at stage 

about 15 feet and above.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. July 29, 1914, to September 30, 1915: Maximum stage 

recorded, when control was unobstructed, 6.9 feet at 6 p. m. May 21,1914 (discharge 

approximately 3,250 second-feet); minimum discharge, 3.0 second-feet, recorded 

by measurement made February 5, 1915. The June flood of 1914 reached a 

maximum stage of 20.7 feet, as determined by levels run to high-water marks, 

July 23, 1914.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow estimated from 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. No dams are now in operation above the station.

ACCURACY. Rating curve well defined over range covered by gage heights; control 

permanent; open-water records apparently excellent.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 139

Discharge measurements of Big Eau Pl&ine River near Stratford, Wis., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Nov. 11

Dec. 29«

Apr. 16

Made by 

G.H.Canfleld. ........

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gag*' 

height.

Feet. 

1.88

1.50

1.90

2.15

2.95

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

26

3.4

3.0

1Q

127

Date.

13

8

Made by 

H. C. Beckman. .......

.. ...do.... j..... .........

W.G.Hoyt... .........

.....do...J..............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.22

3.93

2.65

1.66

1.66

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1.490

677

186

11.0

9.4

a Made through complete ice cover.

b Made through complete ice cover; channel nearly open at control.

c Logs on control; estimated backwater, 0.10 foot.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Big Eau Pleine River near Stratford, Wis., for the years

ending Sept. 30, 1914-1915.

Day.

1914. 

1. ...........

4............

5... . ........

6............

7............

Q

10............

July. Aug.

20

20

16

14

13

10

10

10

9

12

Sept.

146

87

98

66

56

56

47

36

30

30

Day.

1914. 

11............

13............

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............

July. Aug.

13

12

12

13

10

10

10

76

146

87

Sept.

76

110

76

382

720

518

566

280

171

Day.

1914. 

2U.... .......

221...........

23............

24fc . ..........

25............

26l. ..........

27L. ..........

28L...........

29.. ..........

30... .........

31L. ..........

July.

20

20

19

22

30

36

30

26

Aug.

56

36

36

' 17187

56

30

24

24

22

28

Sept.

134

107 ii»a

loo

OS

76

Cft

47

38

Day.

1914-15. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

33

30

28

24

24

22

14

470

238

176

382

295

970

720

403

280

210

166

146

110

94

76

66

60

56

56

47

42

38

38

36

Nov.

33

30

33

38

38

33

33

28

28

28

28

28

33

33

42

28

26

Dec.

22

9

4

Jan.

3

3

3

Feb.

»

3

10

52

Mar.

31

24

220

Apr.

1,360

1,570

970

694

518

424

403

344

310

280

266

230

184

184

210

192

166

141

134

127

103

May;

«i72

146

230

197

151

424

591

383

280

252

171

141

127

117

424

720

566

382

447

2,240

2,060

1,040

542

403

26g

151

11 V

&: T>\

60

June.

45

38

32

28

26

117

238

184

127

127

591

363

266

184

127

94

,60

103

382

518

344

230

166

94

66

51

38

32

171

171

July.

80

56

32

28

26

22

26

22

22

20

20

18

14

14

45

127

94

66

45

42

38

51

51

42

38

30

42

60

72

45

30

Aug.

28

72

83

447

970

668

470

344

213

141

94

68

42

36

28

205

94

38

28

22

20

19

16

16

13

13

13

12

16

16

16

Sept.

16

16

16

16

13

13

12

10

10

10

10

10

19

28

52

112

83

62

52

38

30

28

24

22

20

20

16

16

16

16

NOTE. Discharge, except as noted below, determined from a rating curve well defined between 9 and 

and 1,500 second-feet; above 1,500 second-feet the rating curve is only an extension. Discharge Nov. 15 to 

Apr. 10, estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, pbserver's notes, and weather records. 

Braced figures show mean discharge for period included.
140 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Big Eau Pleine River near Stratford, Wis., for the years ending

Sept. SO, 1914-1915.

[Drainage area, 223 square miles.]

Month.

1914. 

July 24-31. ..............................

1914-15.

March... . ...............................

April ....................................

May....................................

June. ...................................

July....................................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

36 

171 

720

970

2,240 

591 

127 

970 

112

2,240

Minimum.

19 

9 

30

14

103 

60 

26 

14 

12 

10

Mean.

25.4 

35.3

174

173 

29.5 

11.4 

3.00 

19.5 

95.8 

702 

418 

167 

42.5 

137 

26.9

152

Per 

square 

mile.

0.114

.158 

.780

.776 

.132 

.051 

.013 

.087 

.430 

3.15 

1.87 

.749 

.191 

.614 

.121

.682

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.03

.18

.87

.89 

.15 

.06 

.01 

.09 

.50 

3.51 

2.16 

.84 

.22 

.71 

.14

9.28

Accuracy.

%

A. 

A. 

A.

A. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

PLOVER RIVER NEAR STEVENS POINT, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 30, T. 25 N., R. 9 E., Portage County, at Fast Waters highway 

bridge, 7 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 136 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 5, 1914, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Metal vertical staff gage bolted to the left abutment, downstream side of 

bridge; read twice daily, morning and evening, to quarter-tenths by C. A. Van 

Order.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge to which gage 

is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Heavy gravel and small rock; permanent and free from 

vegetation. At high stages both banks will overflow around the bridge. Control 

not well defined, but is probably small rapids below gage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 2.65 feet at 7.30 

p. m. April 10 (discharge, 480 second-feet), minimum recorded discharge, 84second 

feet, by measurement made February 5; absolute minimum for the winter 

period probably was somewhat less.

1914-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 4.75 feet, June 5,1914 (discharge, approximately 1,570 second-feet); minimum recorded discharge 84 second-feet (measurement made February 5, 1915).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow estimated from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. Two dams are used in connection with grist mills above the station, 

but the plants have little pondage so that the flow at the gage, except for brief 

periods, is nearly natural.

ACCURACY. Rating curve well denned over range in stage covered by gage heights; 

channel permanent; little diurnal fluctuation; open-water records excellent.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 141

Discharge measurements of Plover River near Stevens Point, Wis., during the yeari endng

Sept. 30,^915.

Date.

2*

Feb.'&J

Made by 

G.H.Catifleld. ........

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.18

1.72

2.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

127

94

84

Date.

Mar. 6&

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.35

1.17

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

91

130

Made through complete ice cover. b Ice arched over water surface at gage section.

Daily discharge, in second feet^ of Plover Rivernear Stevens Point, Wis., for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8. .............

9. .............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

153

153

153

153

153

163

153

173

173

173

173

184

239

194

194

194

163

173

184

163

144

153

144

153

144

153

153

153

144

144

1AA

Nov.

144

153

153

153

144

134

134

144

153

144

144

144

144

153

163

173

153

130

100

134

134

134

144

144

Dec.

163

163

173

163

153

144

153

134

153

134

116

116

115

100

Jan.

80

70

60

Feb.

80

100

95

Mar.

' 115

140

184

194

184

178

Apr.

173

153

173

194

262

332

357

357

410

466

466

383

357

332

332

308

274

OQQ

228

9SO

216

216

216

216

216

216

216

173

May,

173

163

184

184

184

184

194

228

216

205

194

205

173

ITl

163

205

239

228

228

262

308

308

308

296

285

239

184

184

173

173

163

June.

144

144

134

134

134

1 W

163

153

153

173

173

173

163

144

i w

134

1 M

163

163

173

153

144

125

134

125

134

1<U

134

July.

134

134

116

116

125

125

125

125

125

116

125

125

89

89

108

144

125

1<U

134

116

125

116

116

116

116

134

125

125

134

116

10 A

Aug.

125

144

144

144

153

153

144

144

134

108

100

100

108

100

134

134

134

1OC

116

100

108

93

100

116

100

86

100

108

100

116

100

Sept.

100

100

100

108

108

92

89

89

89

93

97 ino

153

144

144

144

144

144

144

116

108

100

97

051

116

108

99

108

93

NOTE. Discharge, except as noted below, determined from a rating curve well denned between 116 and 

1,370 second-feet. Discharge Mar. 29 and 31 interpolated; Nov. 18-24 and Dec. 13 to Mar. 26 estimated, 

because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Braced figures show 

mean discharge for period included.
142 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Plover River near Stevens Point, Wis.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 136 square miles.]

Month.

December.................. ....

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

239 

173 

173

194 

466 

308 

173 

144 

153 

153

466

Minimum.

144

153 

163 

125

89 

86 

89

Mean.

164 

141 

122 

69.7 

91.4 

135 

277 

213 

149 

122 

118 

112

143

Per

square 

mile.

1.21 

1.04 

.897 

.512 

.672 

.993 

2.04 

1.57 

1.10 

.897 

.868 

.824

1.05

Run-off 

(depth in 

Inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.40 

1.16 

1.03 

.59 

.70 

1.14 

2.28 

1.81 

1.23 

1.03 

1.00 

.92

14.29

Accuracy.

A.

A. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

BARABOO RIVER NEAR BARABOO, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 33, T. 12 N., R. 7 E., Sauk County, at highway bridge 4 miles 

downstream from Baraboo, about 3 miles below creek rising near Devils Lake, 

coming in from the right, and 15 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA, 572 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and Natural 

History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 18, 1913, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage, attached to upstream side of bridge; read twice daily, morning 

and evening, to hundredths, by G. C. Johnson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of highway bridge to which 

gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel composed of sand and mud; no well-defined 

control, water is confined to one channel at all stages and does not overflow the 

banks except at extreme flood stages.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.2 feet at 5.30 

p. m. September 17, 1915 (discharge, 2,180 second-feet); minimum discharge, 122 

second-feet, recorded by measurement made January 12. Absolute minimum 

for year occurred last part of December and was probably somewhat less. 

1914-1915: Maximum stage recorded 10.2 feet at 5.30 p. m. September 17,1915 

(discharge, 2,180 second-feet). Minimum stage recorded, 0.95 foot at 6.15 a. m. 

August 18, 1914 (discharge, 108 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow estimated from 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. In the vicinity of Baraboo, 4 miles above the station, there are four 

dams, and one at Reedsburg, 18 miles above the station. Smaller plants are also 

operated on the tributaries. The operation of these various plants causes diurnal 

fluctuation at the gage of about 0.3 feet at low-water stages. Estimates of mean 

monthly discharge probably represent nearly the natural flow.

ACCURACY. Rating curve fairly well developed between stages of 1.5 and 6.0 feet; 

estimates of daily discharge based on gage heights outside these limits may be 

in error from 10 to 20 per cent, and the diurnal fluctuation at low stages may 

introduce considerable error in the estimates of daily discharge for such period.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN 143

Discharge measurements of Baraboo River near Baraboo, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Nov. 5

5

Made by 

.....do..................

G$ge 

height.

Feet. \\ go

1165

2110

Discharge.

Sec. ft. 

166

175

122

Date.

Feb. 18f>

Mar. lc

Made by 

G.H.Canfleld. ........

W.G.Hoyt............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.62

7.21

1.92

Discharge.

Sec. ft. 

890

732

219

» Made through complete ice cover.

ft Open water at gage; partial ice cover and brush on banks, and ice below gage.

« Open water at gage; ice jam one-fourth mile below gage.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Baraboo River near Baraboo, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1....... .......

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

178

186

162

163

136

164

179

193

274

667

407

288

365

477

463

477

463

421

288

260

246

226

213

173

198

205

226

190

190

190

Nov.

188

179

196

192

190

182

186

171

173

161

179

175

175

163

173

226

232

140

136

153

188

172

Dec.

178

174

200

196

184

167

189

177

182

174

184

177

160

140

110

Jan.

115

250

190

Feb.

225

565

1,340

Mar.

360

323

421

520

802

900

925

1,010

1,040

1,070

1,010

1,130

1,130

1,250

1,430

1,790

2 ftftft

1,940

1,880

1 4flfl

1,040

802

Apr.

551

535

551

625

732

1,010

1,220

1,370

1,460

1,520

1,310

1,100

950

755

605

463

393

365

344

Ofio

274

260

93Q

99ft

99ft

OOfl

ono

91ft

1QO

May.

190

187

226

246

232

232

253

267

295

309

267

226

200

198

195

198

203

220

212

393

850

1,010

1,010

900

710

477

491

QQQ

379

OO7

302

June.

274

246

232

220

204

194

188

206

213

203

208

195

226

232

195

198

200

195

195

91 3

Oftft

ofto

OftQ

176

155

17(V

170

July.

159

162

155

149

146

141

142

203

195

192

200

181

192

200

186

165

156

165

159

177

187

167

1ft4

167

152

144

196

535

778 07 c

Aug.

449

449

710

625

646

551

477

625

365

288

253

239

239

288

274

551

1,040

1,160

925

535

309

220

190

220

226

209

1QK

167

163

1151

175

Sept.

198

179

175

165

153

155

169

170

221

226

351

875

1,640

1,550

1,850

2,000

2,140

1,940

1,610

1,460

1,400

1,130

875

520

407

568

KfiQ

520

435

NOTE. Discharge, except as noted below, determined from a rating curve fairly well denned betweon 

188 and 826 second-feet; above 826 second-feet approximate only, based on extension of the area and mean 

velocity curves. Discharge Nov. 18-25,, and Dec. 14 to Mar. 10, estimated, because of ice, from discharge 

measurements, observer's notes, and weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for period 

indicated.
144 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Baraboo 'River near Bamboo, Wis., for theyear ending Sept 80,1915. 

[Drainage area, 572 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

667 

232 

200

2,060 

1,520 

1,010 

274 

875 

1,160 

2,140

2,140

Minimum.

136

198 

187 

155 

141 

153 

153

Mean.

274 

169 

146 

185 

665 

886 

617 

372 

206 

246 

417 

804

413

Per 

square 

mile.

0.479 

.295 

.255 

.323 

1.16 

1.55 

1.08 

.650 

.360 

.430 

.729 

1.41

.722

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.55 

.33 

.29 

.37 

1.21 

1.79 

1.20 

.75 

.40 

.50 

.84 

1.57

9.80

Accuracy.

A. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

KICKAPOO RIVER AT GAYS MILLS, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 28, T. 10 N., R. 4 W., at highway bridge immediately below the 

Norwood Mill, in the town of Kickapoo, Crawford County, about 25 miles above 

mouth of the river and 2 miles below the mouth of Tainter Creek, which enters 

from the right.

DKAINAGE AREA. 629 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and Natural 

History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 25, 1913, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to downstream side of bridge; read twice daily, morning 

and evening, to quarter-tenths by N. T. Norwood.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge at medium and 

high-water stages; low water measurements made by wading a short distance 

downstream from gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel composed of rock covered by a deposit of sand; 

banks at gage section fairly high and do not overflow at ordinary high-water stages. 

Control at the head of small rapids about 300 feet below gage, fairly permanent; 

the plotting of the discharge measurements indicates that at a stage of about 2 

feet on the gage the control is changed to some point below, causing a reversal 

in rating curve.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. 1914-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 6.85 feet at 5.20 

a. m. July 30, 1915 (discharge, 1,880 second-feet); minimum open-water stage 

recorded, 0.86 foot at 8 a. m. November 29 (discharge, 201 second-feet). Absolute 

minimum was approximately 100 second-feet and occurred during the last part 

of January, 1915.l

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow estimated from 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. Mills at Gays Mills immediately above the station, Soldiers Grove, 

about 7 miles upstream, and at several points above Soldiers Grove, use comparatively little storage, so that the recorded flow past the station represents nearly 

natural conditions. During low stages a small diurnal fluctuation is observed 

at the gage.

ACCURACY. Rating curve fairly well defined; little fluctuation; records believed 

good. See footnote to table of daily discharge.

i The flow of 154 second-feet for August 15, 1914, as published in Water-Supply Paper 385, is in error. 

See footnote to table of daily discharga
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 145

Discharge measurements of Kick^poo River at Gays Mills, Wis., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Feb. 176

Mar. 17a

Made by 

M.F. Rather.. ........

.......do................

Gage 

height.

Fe'et. lies

4110 2:24

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

241

584

513

Date.

Apr. 27

July 15

Made by 

W.G.Hoyt... .........

M.F. Rather..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.21

1.02

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

309

234

o Made through complete ice cover; partial iee cover at control. 

6 Complete ice eo'sfer at control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

19

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

OK

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

251

251

232

251

237

265

355

355

- 430

368

325

325

355

450

485

405

355

325

310

295

295

280

280

280

265

265

265

265

280

265

251

Nov.

251

251

251

237

251

232

251

237

237

237

251

251

251

265

237

237

237

224

216

221

206

221

237

237

237

237

265

251

201

280

Dec.

251

251

251

251

251

251

232

251

251

237

251

280

203

380

 205

230

Jan.

300

. 325

155

Feb.

300

585

960

Mar.

290

325

380

418

618

545

522

470

518

532

522

522

500

485

500

730

1,060

1,160

575

522

522

478

450

Apr.

450

460

500

470

575

670

1,000

1,030

620

575

560

527

525

510

470

430

405

405

368

325

325

325

325

310

295

295

310

295

295

May.

265

251

295

325

340

295

325

368

368

310

310

265

265

251

251

265

251

280

280

325

478

525

500

380

355

355

368

325

355

355

325

June.

295

265

280

265

251

251

295

265

237

251

295

295

380

380

295

251

251

265

310

355

325

295

280

265

265

265

251

265

251

237

July.

237

265

251

251

251

265

295

450

460

310

280

265

265

265

251

251

251

340

295

295

295

265

251

251

237

237

237

790

1,510

1,760

545

Aug.

670

1,060

1,100

670

527

527

500

450

450

380

325

325

325

325

325

325

522

527

380

295

295

280

280

295

280

295

265

265

265

265

265

Sept.

251

265

265

265

237

* 265

265

265

545

522

510

368

545

971

1,100

850

1,030

1,160

850

1,030

1,100

910

510

478

470

485

522

518

470

460

NOTE. Discharge, except as noted below, determined from a rating curve fairly well defined between 

211 and 1,340 second-feet. Nov. 1, interpolated. Dec. 15 to Mar. 9, estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's notefe, and weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for 

period included.

Estimates of discharge for August and September, 1914, as published in Water-Supply Paper 385 and 

Report by Railroad Commission of Wisconsin to the legislature, 1914, were based on measurement made 

Aug. 21,1914, which indicated a change in the discharge relation as expressed by the rating curve used 

before and after this period. Measurements made during 1915 indicate that the control is fairly permanent and that the measurement made in August, 1914, was in error. Revised estimates for August and 

September, 1914, are given in the table of monthly discharge.

47878° WSP 405 17- -10
146 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Kickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis., for the period Aug. 1, 1914, to

Sept. 30, 1915. 

[Drainage area, 629 square miles.]

Month.

1914.

September. . ............................

1914-15.

March ..................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

470 

730

485 

280 

380

1,160

1,030 

525 

380 

1,760 

1,100 

1,160

1,760

Minimum:

206 

237

232 

201

295 

251 

237 

237 

265 

237

Mean.

258 

348

310 

240 

237 

257 

590 

479 

467 

329 

281 

393 

421 

583

380

Per 

square 

mile.

0.410 

.553

.493 

.382 

.377 

.409 

.938 

.762 

.742 

.523 

.447 

.625 

.669 

.927

.604

Run-aff 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.47 

.62

.57 

.43 

.43 

.47 

.98 

.88 

.83 

.60 

.50 

.72 

.77 

1.03

8.21

Accuracy.

C. 

B.

B. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

NOTE. Estimates for August and September, 1914, superseded the figures published in Water-Supply 

Paper 385 and Report by Railroad Commission of Wisconsin to the legislature, 1914. Sea footnote to table 

of daily discharge.

TURKEY RIVER AT GARBER, IOWA.

LOCATION. At single span highway bridge at Garber, Clayton County, about 800 feet

above mouth of Wayne Creek, which enters from the right. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,530 square miles (revised by measurement on United States

Geological Survey map of scale 1 to 500,000. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 29,1913, to September 30,1915, except October 1,1914,

to March 30, 1915, when the station was temporarily discontinued. 

GAGE. Chain gage attached to handrail on downstream side of bridge; read once

daily by E. J. Prolow.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge, and at low water by wading. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Control consists of sand and mud; channel shifting. The

right bank is high and will not overflow. The left bank will overflow only at

extreme high stage or at gage height approximately 21 feet. 

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 14.3 feet at 6 p. m.

Aug. 4; minimum stage recorded, 3.8 feet April 27. The highest stage within

the last 20 years probably occurred May 18,1902, when a stage representing about

23.7 feet referred to gage datum was reached, as indicated by the high-water

marks on A. F. Grafe's residence in Garber.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice; observations discontinued. 

REGULATION. An electric light plant and gristmill at Elkader probably cause a slight

daily fluctuation. 

Data insufficient for estimates of discharge.

Discharge measurements of Turkey River at Garber, Iowa, during the year ending Sept.

30, 1915. 

[Made by C. Herlofson.]

Date.

Mar. 31................................................................ ...........

Sept.8........................... . ... .. ..... .

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.89

3 96

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

K(\a
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 147

Daily gage height, in feet, of Turkey River at Garber, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. SO,

1915.

Day.

1....

2....

3..-.

4..-.

5..--

6....

7....

8....

g

10....

11....

19

13...-

14....

15....

Mar.

......

Apr.

5.6

C A

5.4

K O

5.7

6.1

6.0

5.6

5.6

5.6

1 A

5.1

4.9

4.7

May.

4.1

4.3

5.0

7.0 t; Q

5.8

5.6

5.9

5 2

A Q

4.6

4

C

4.3

4.2

4.2

June.

7.5

6.5

5.8

K A

* 1

5.0

A Q

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.5

4.4

5.4

5.2

4.8

July.

5.0

4.6

7.4

4 6

4.8

4.6

4.4

5.0

1 ft

i n

5.0

4.8

4.4

46

4.6

Aug.

9.2

12.9

12.9

1A "?

12.4

8.2

7.0

6.3

5.7

5.5

5.3 i n

4.8

5.4

5.3

Sept.

4.0

4.0

3.95

q QC

3.95

3.95

^ Ql

4.0

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.0

5.8

5.0

4.8

Day.

16....

17....

18....

10

20....

21....

22....

23....

24....

25....

26. ...

97

28....

29--..

30.... 

11

Mar.

5 9

Apr.

4.6

A f\

4.4

4 4

A 3

4.1

4 1

4.0

4.0

3 Q

3.85

q o

q QK

4.2

4.2

May.

4.1

3

QK

3.95

4.0

A 9

4.9

5.4

5 A

7 9

7.8

5.8

5.8

9.6

10.8

Q 1

June.

5.0

4.7

5.7

5.2

5.0

5.2

5.1

4.1

4.4

4.4

4.2

4.6

4.8

4.8

4.8

July.

4.6

4.8

6.2

6.2

6.0

5.4

5.3

6.4

6.5

8.6

7.7

6.4

5.0

4.8

5.2 

9.2

Aug.

5.0

4.8

4.8

4.6

4

K

4.4

A A

4.4

A 9

A 9

4.2

4

O

4.1

4.1

4.1 

4.0

Sept.

i? o

5.6

4.8

4.4

5.1

4.7

4.4

A 3

A O

4.1

8.8

6.7

6.1

5.1

4.8

MAQUOKETA RIVER BELOW NORTH FORK OF MAQUOKETA RIVER, NEAR MAQUOKETA, IOWA.

LOCATION. In the southwest corner of the NE. J sec. 17, T. 84 N., R. 3 E., at the 

Bridgeport Jbridge, about'3 miles northeast of Maquoketa, Jackson County; about 

1,200 feet above mouth of Mill Creek, which enters from the right, and about 2 

miles below the mouth of North Fork of Maquoketa River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,600 square miles, revised by measurement on United States 

Geological Survey map of scale, 1 to 500,000. Drainage area at mouth, 1,960 

square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 1, 1913, to September 30, 1915, except October, 

1914, to March 20, 1915, when station was temporarily discontinued.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream handrail of bridge 100 feet from right 

abutment; read once daily by John Strodthoff.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream sandy and shifting. Two channels at all 

stages except above 12-foot stage above which there is overflow under piletrestle approach on the left side.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 19.4 feet at 7 a. m. 

September 28 (discharge, 16,200 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.0 feet 

June 8 (discharge, 325 second-feet.)

Prior to 1915: Maximum stage about 23.5 feet, probably in 1905 (discharge, 

approximately 25,000 second-feet).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; observations discontinued.

DIVERSIONS . None.

REGULATION. None.

ACCURACY. Results considered good.

Discharge measurements of Maquoketa River below North Fork of Maquoketa River, near 

Maquoketa, Iowa, during the year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

15 

Sept. 9

Made by 

W.G.Hoyt... .........

.....do................. 

C. Herlofson. ..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.42

4.42 

2.51

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,430

1,410 

494

Date.

29

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

18.50

11.93

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

14,500

6,510
148 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Maquoketa River below North Fork of Maquoketa River, 

near Maquoketa, Iowa, for the periods Mar. 12 to Sept. 30,1914, and Mar. 21 to Sept. 

30, 1915.

Day.

1914. 

1............................................

3...................... .....................

4............................................

5............................................

6............................................

7............................................

8............................................

9............................................ 10............................................

11............................................

12. ...........................................

13. ...........................................

14............................................

15............................................

16............................................

17. ...........................................

18. ...........................................

19............................................

20............................................

21............................................

22............................................

23............................................

24............................................

25............................................

26............................................

27............................................

28............................................

29............................................

30. ...........................................

31

1915. 

1..... .......................................

2............................................

3............................................

4............................................

5............................................

6............................................

7............................................

8............................................

9............................................

10............................................

11............................................

12............................................

13............................................

14............................................

15............................................

16............................................

17............................................

18............................................

19............................................

20. ...........................................

21............................................

22. ...........................................

23............................................

24............................................

25............................................

26. ...........................................

27............................................

28............................................

29............................................

30. ...........................................

31............................................

Mar.

980

517

517

517

517

477

440

424

407

407

392

392

817

660

477

561

660

017

1,140

880

880

880

a 856

831

a 807

783

690

BOH

Apr.

764

764

712

660

561

561

517

517

477

477

477

477

440

440

440

440

424

407

407

407

407

378

378

378

392

407

407

602

602

602

602

602

Aft9

cno

602

602

561

561

561 591}

523

COO

487

487

470

470

470

435 4Q";

435

418

402

May.

407

407

1,770

660

609

517

477

440

1,090

1,31»

1,090

817

660

561

477

a 458

440

407

407

407

407

407

609

609

2,260

980

fiflO

K17

402

418

602

602

wi

561

602

Cfil

Aft9

561

523

487

470

385

435

A1Q

402

402 4Q<;

690

831

736

690

I

Aon

1,950

1,480

1,600

i fion

1 QKA

2

1QA

June.

477

440

477

440

7,530

3,370

2,700

1,260

1,090

980

817

817

660

817

764

660

609

609

561

517

517

660

712

660

1,040

1,040

871

925

817

fiOQ

2,070

1,480

a 1,040

880

370

385

ooc

645

831

7,260

2,380

1,480

1,260

982

1,650

1,140

1 040

QOfl

831

709

736

Aon

fMC

690

fift9

602

July.

561

477

477

440

407

407

366

378

366

366

o366

366

353

353

353

334

477

407

366

344

334

334

334

344

353

334

320

440

353

334

330

582

561

.487

452

487

1,040

1,310

1,040

1,040

783

690

645

1,090

831

1,710

1,600

1,830

1,260

982

831

783

645

Aft9

602

645

1,420

1 040

880

Aug.

327

327

320

320

320

334

320

320

314

a 311

308

308

308

308

308

320

334

314

2,900

609

407

353

344

334

327

320

314

01 4

314

308

314

783

2,830

2,900

1,830

1,770

1,830

1,480

1,200

1 040

880

783 690

690

690

831

1,710

690

a646

602

561

561

coo

523

487

487

487

4^9

418

Sept.

1,540

1,310

764

517

440

6,280

764

561

440

407

407

407

392

11,200

9,580

2,570

1,770

1,200

QCft

a 952

QOK

764

719

609

tri7

517

477

435

A-tQ

418

o446

a 473

487

I Afln

880

645

561

930

oq i

1 830

2,010

982 700

783

736

690

645

cno

5,530

9

-IOfi

13,800

3

oon

a Interpolated.

NOTE. Discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge June 12 and Sept. 10, 1915, 

estimated from discharge at near-by gaging stations. Estimates of discharge in the above table for Mar. 

12 to Sept. 30,1914, differ above 660 second-feet from those published in Water-Supply Paper 385 because 

of a.revfsion of the rating curve based upon high-water discharge measurements made in 1915.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 149

Monthly discharge of Maquoketa River below Nor A Fork of Maquoketa River, near Maquoketa, Iowa, for the periods Mar. 12 to Sept. 30,1914, and Mar. 21 to Sept. 30,1915.

[Drainage area, 1,600 square miles.«]

Month.

1914. 

March 12-31.. ...........................

April....................................

May....................................

July....................................

1915. 

March 21-31 .............................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

9SO 

764 

2,260 

7,530 

561 

2,900 

11,200

1,140 

602 

2,190 

7,260 

1,830 

2,900 

13,800

Minimum.

392 

378 

407 

440 

320 

308 

392

690 

402 

385 

325 

452 

418 

418

Mean.

539 

477 

703 

1,110 

380 

415 

1,740

862 

524 

816 

1,290 

918 

982 

1,930

Per 

square 

mile.

0.337

.298 

.439 

.694 

.238 

.259 

1.09

.539 

.328 

.510 

.806 

.574 

.614 

1.21

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.25 

.33 

.51

.77 

.27 

.30 

1.22

.22 

.37 

.59 

.90 

.66 

.71 

1.35

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B.

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B.

a Revised measurement.

NOTE. Estimates of monthly discharge, March to September, 1914, supersede those published in WaterSupply Paper 385. See footnote to table of daily discharge.

ROCK RIVER AT AFTON, WIS.

LOCATION. On the line between sees. 22 and 27, T. 2 N., R. 12 E., at highway bridge 

in the town of Afton, Rock County, about 9 miles above Illinois State line. Bass 

Creek enters from the right aboiit three-fourths mile below station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,190 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and Natural 

History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 5, 1914, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to the downstream side of bridge; read twice daily, 

morning and evening, to quarter-tenths by Albert Engelke.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the downstream side of bridge during 

medium and high stages; at low stages by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Both banks medium high and will not overflow to any 

extent at flood stages; channel, gravel and clean silt, practically permanent: no 

well denned control section.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.88 feet at 4 p. m., 

September 13 (discharge, 10,300 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during 

open-water periods 1.41 feet July 29 and 30 (discharge 828 second-feet). A flow o' 

746 second-feet was measured by current meter on January 8; the absolute minimum was probably about 620 second-feet.

1914-1915: Maximum discharge recorded 9.88 feet at 4 p. m. September 13, 

1915 (discharge, 10,300 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.5 foot at 7 a. m. 

August 16, 1914 (discharge, approximately 459 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow determined from 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. Operation of power plants at Janesville and above causes fluctuations 

at the gage during low stages.

ACCURACY. Rating curve well defined; channel permanent; gage-height record good: 

results good,
150 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Rock River at Afton, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

Date.

Feb. 18

Feb. 28

Apr. 23

Made by 

G. H. Canfleld.........

5&

Feet.

9 Qfi

4 80

7 23

3.40

Discharge.

Sec. ft.

3,450

6,610

2,080

Date.

July 21

15

Made by 

W. G. Hoyt............

*

Feet. 

1.86

9.83

7.24

Discharge.

Sec. ft. 

1,030

10,300

6,540

a Made through complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rock River at Afton, Wis., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11.............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19.............. 20:^...........

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

2,310

2,060

1,980

1,670

1,670

1,740

1,460

1 430

1,'360

1,140

969

1,040

1,270

1,670

1,640

1,740

1,900

1,980

2,220

2,140

2,310

2,400

2,850

2,670

2,670

2 7fifi

2,670

2,400

2,400

2 oin

2

Q1 A

Nov.

2,060

2,060

2,140

2,060

1,900

1,740

1,670

1,460

1,430

1,530

1,500

1,430

1 4ftft

1 300

1^210

1,100

1,040

1,020

> 860

QQfi

i ftfift

i 1 ^in

1,140

1 

' 060

Dec.

911

948

1,100

1,180

1,060

1 060

1^140

910

750

723

Jan.

705

790

875

Feb.

1,090

.1 (Wfl

3,240

3,450

3,680

4,520

5,160

5,940

5,940

6,210

6,490

Mar.

6,630

6,770

6,910

7,050

7,190

6,910

6,630

6,490

6,210

6,070

5,810

5,810

5,810

5,680

5,940

5,940

5,940

5,810

5,680

5,550

5,680

5,420

5,160

5,030

4,770

4,520

4,520

4,280

4,160

Apr.

3,920

3,800

3,560

3,340

3,450

3,240

3,140

3,040

2,850

2,760

2,580

2,850

2,760

2,670

2,580

2,580

2,400

2,400

2,490

2,490

2,220

2,060

1,980

1,780

1

0OA

1 600

1,530

1,430

May.

1,430

1,270

1,460

1,360

1,270

1,270

1,270

1,040

1,100

1,330

1,300

1,140

1,210

1,270

1,300

1,150

1,210

1,270

1,330

1,460

1,460

1,140

1,460

1,980

2 490

2^670

2,760

3,240

3,140

3,040

June.

3,240

3,240

3,140

3,140

2,940

2,760

2,760

2,400

2,310

2,220

2,140

2,060

1,980

2,060

1,980

1,820

1,820

1,900

1,740

1,820

1,980

1,780

1,820

1,740

1,740

1 640

l'460

1,560

1,360

1 ftfift

July.

1.270

1,210

942

921

871

942

953

1.160

1,120

871

866

953

969

948

996

1,020

942

942

1,120

1,050

1,010

1,030

1,020

847

871

QQA

1,050

980

828

932

Aug.

921

2,400

3,140

2,850

2,850

3,240

3,560

3,800

4,040

4,040

4,040

4,040

3,680

3,450

3,240

3,240

3,040

2,670

2,490

2,310

2,140

1,980

1,900

1,900

1,740

1,670

1,670

1,400

1,360

1,460

1,270

Sept.

1,300

1,180

1,240

1,150

1,140

1,120

1,150

1,130

1,560

1.460

1,330

1,300

8,910

7,620

6,490

6,630

6,910

6,910

7,050

7,050

6,910

6,910

6,630

6,210

8

t\A(\

7,620

6,630

6,210

5 

' 940

NOTE. Discharge, except as noted below, determined from a well-defined rating curve; Nov. 19-25 and 

Dec. 8 to Feb. 16, estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather 

records. Braced figures show mean discharge for period included.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI EIVER BASIN. . 151

Monthly discharge of Rock River at A/ton, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

[Drainage area, 3,190 square miles.]

Month.

October. ................................

December. ..............................

April....................................

July.....................................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,850 

2,140

6,350

7,190 

3,920 

3,240 

3,240 

1,270 

4,040 

8,910

8,910

Minimum.

969

4,160 

1,430 

1,040 

1,060 

828 

921 

1,120

Mean.

1,970 

1,310 

855 

793 

2,900 

5,790 

2,580 

1,630 

2,120 

983 

2,630 

4,670

2,350

Per 

square 

mile.

0.618 

.411 

.268 

.249 

.909 

1.82 

.809 

.511 

.665 

.308 

.824 

1.46

.737

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.71 

.46 

.31 

.29 

.95 

2.10 

.90 

.59 

.74 

.36 

.95 

1.63

9.99

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

D. 

C. 

D. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A.

ROCK RIVER AT ROCKFORD, ILL.

LOCATION. In the southern part of T. 44 N., R. IE., at highway bridge at Nelson 

Avenue, Rockford, Winnebago County, about 2 miles below mouth of Kent 

Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 6,520 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 30, 1914, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, morning and afternoon, to quartertenths prior to March 4, 1915, and to hundredths after that date, by Winston 

Burrows.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Probably permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.3 feet at 9 a. m. 

September 17 (discharge, 17,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.3 feet 

at 8 a. m. November 21 (discharge, 1,770 second-feet).

.WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice during parts of December, January, and February.

REGULATION. The operation of the power plant at dam 2 miles upstream, in the 

city of Rockford, causes fluctuation at the gage.

ACCURACY. Gage readings reliable; regulation of stream may affect mean daily gage 

height as obtained from two readings per day.

Discharge measurements of Rock River at Rockford, III., during the year ending Sept. SO.

1915.

Date.

May 6

Aug. 6

Made by 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.75

3.26

6.23

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

12,800

2,880

Date.

Sept. 17

23

Made by 

G. J. Trinkaus.........

William Kessler . .......

height.

Feet. 

9.13

8.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

16,300

14,200
152 . SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rock River at Rockford, III., for the years ending Sept.

30, 1914-15.

Day. July. Aug.

1914. 

1... ...... ....... 1,88

2......... ....... 1,66

1 1 77

4......... ....... 1,88

5......... ....... 2,10

6......... ....... 2,10

7... ...... ....... 2,10

8......... ....... 1,55

9......... ....... 50

10......... ....... 1,38

Day.

1914-15. 

1.....................

2..................... 

3..................... 

4. ...... ..............

5..................... 

6.....................

7..................... 

8..................... 

9.....................

10.....................

11..................... 

12..................... 

13..................... 

14.....................

15.....................

16.....................

17.....................

18..................... 

19.....................

20..................... 

21.....................

22.....................

23.....................

24.....................

25..................... 

26.....................

27.....................

28..................... 

29.....................

30..................... 

31.....................

0 

0 

0 

0 

0

0 

0 

0 

2 

0

Sept.

2.460 

2.100 

3,200 

2,820 

1,990

1,440 

1,880 

1,990 

1,880 

1,880

Oct.

3,820 

3,490 

3,200 

2,940 

2,820

2,700 

2,820 

2,820 

2,700 

2,340

2,100 

2,220 

2,580 

2,700 

2,940

3,070 

3,340 

3,820 

4,000 

4,380

4,380 

4,380 

4,380 

4,190 

4,380

4,380 

4,190 

4,000 

3,820 

3,490 

3,340

"Day.

11 

12 

13 

14 

15

16 

17 

18 

19

20

Nov.

3,200 

3,340 

3,070 

3,340 

3,070

3,070 

2,940 

2,340 

2,700 

2,580

2,700 

2,460 

2,580 

2,580 

2,340

2,820 

2,820 

1,990 

1,990 

2,100

1,770 

1,770 

1,880 

2,460 

2,220

2,100 

1,990 

1,990 

2,100 

2,340

1914.

Dec.

2,700 

2,340 

2,100 

2,340 

2,460

2,700 

2,940 

2,700 

2,580 

2,580

2,580 

2,460 

1,880 

2,220 

2,580

.......

July.

Feb.

.......

-----

14,000

14,300

13, 700 

14,500

H KflA

14, 500

------

Aug.

. 1,660

1,550 

1,880 

1,660 

1,660

1,140 

1,660 

1,550 

1,660 

1,770

Mar.

14,500 

14,800 

14,800 

13,400 

12,900

12,700 

10,600 

9,100 

8,850 

9,100

9,100 

8,850 

8,350 

9,350 

9,350

9,350 

9,350 

9,350 

9,100 

8,850

8,600 

8,600

8,350

8,100

7,860

7,380 

6,920

6,690 

6,240

6,020 

5,800

Sept.

1,660 

1,660 

1,000 

1,880 

6,920

12,900 

14,000 

13,400 

12,900 

13,200

Apr.

5,800 

5,800 

5,590 

5,170 

4,970

4,770 

4,570 

4,380 

4,190 

4,000

4,000 

4,000 

4,190 

4,190 

4,380

4,380 

4,380 

4,190 

4,000 

4,190

4,000 

3,820

3,340

2 CM A

2,820

2,700 

2,580

2,820 

2,460

2,340

Day.

1914. 

21.........

22.........

23.........

24.........

25.........

26.........

27.........

28.........

29.........

30.........

31.........

May.

2 

2 

2 

2 

2

2 

2 

2

340

220 

580 

700 

700

700 

580 

580

.......

.......

-----

June.

7,620 

6,920 

6,240 

5,590 

5,170

.......

.......

"3,"346" 

3,340 

3,200 

3,070

July.

2,100 

1,990

July.

3,070 

2,820 

2,580 

2,340 

2,220

2,460 

2,340 

2,820 

3,820 

4,380

3,650 

3,490 

3,200 

2,940 

3,200

3,820 

4,190 

4,000 

4,000 

3,820

3,340 

3,070 

2,940 

2,700 

2,460

2,580 

2,700 

2,580 

2,560 

2,580 

2,580

Aug.

1,880 

1,880 

1,990 

2,100 

2,100

1,770 

1,660 

1,770 

1,380 

698 

1,880

Aug.

2,580 

2,700 

5,170 

7,150 

8,850

8,850 

8,850 

8,600 

8,100 

7,620

6,920 

6,460 

6,020 

5,800 

5,380

4,970

4,570 

4,380 

4,190 

3,490

3,200 

3,070 

2,940 

3,070 

3,340

3,490 

3,200 

2,940 

2,700 

2,580 

2,460

Sept.

13,200 

11,400 

10,600 

7,620 

5,590

5,170 

4,770 

4,570 

4,380 

4,190

Sept.

2,460 

2,460 

2,580 

2,580 

2,580

2/580 

2,460 

2,700 

2,820 

3,070

3,490 

4,000 

5,380 

12,900 

15,300

12,400 

16,700 

15, 300 

14,000 

14,000

14,300 

14,300 

14,300 

14,300 

14,300

14,500 

15,100 

15,300 

15,100 

14,300

NOTE. Discharge, except as noted, determined from a rating curve well defined above and fairly well 

defined below 960 second-feet. Discharge estimated, because of ice, as follows: Dec. 16-31, 2,700 secondfeet; Jan. 1-31, 2,700 second-feet; Feb. 1-10, 3,000 second-feet; Feb. 11-21, 8,500 second-feet. Discharge 

estimated when gage was not read by comparison with records at Lyndon, as follows: May 9-31, 3,500 

second-feet; June 6-26,2,300 second-feet.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASIN. 153

Monthly discharge of Rock River at Rockford, TIL, for the years ending Sept. 30, 1914-15. 

[Drainage area, 6,520 square miles.]

Month.

1914.

September ..............................

1914-15.

April...................................

June....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,100 

14, 000

4,380 

3,340

14,500

14,800 

5,800

4,380 

8,850 

16, 700

16,700

Minimum.

502 

1,000

2,100 

1,770 

1,880

5,800 

2,340

2,220 

2,460 

2,460

Mean.

1,680 

5,750

3,410 

2,490 

2,590 

2,700 

7,970 

9,430 

4,030 

3,250 

3,090 

3,070 

4,960 

9,520

4,680

Per 

square 

mile.

0.258

.882

.523 

.382 

.397 

.414 

1.22 

1.45 

.618 

.499 

.474 

.471 

.761 

1.46

.718

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.30 

.98

.60 

.43 

.46 

.48 

1.27 

1.67 

.69 

.58 

.53 

.54 

.88 

1.63

9.76

Accuracy.

B. 

B.

A. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

A. 

A. 

D. 

D. 

A. 

A. 

A.

ROCK RIVER AT LYNDON, ILL. .

LOCATION. In center of T. 20 N., R. 5 E., at highway bridge known as Lyndon 

Bridge, in eastern part of village of Lyndon, Whiteside County; about 10 miles 

above Rock Creek and 20 miles below dam at Sterling.

DRAINAGE AREA. 9,010 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 24, 1914, to September 30,1915.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, morning and afternoon, to'hundredths by John Shepard.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel and rock; probably permanent. 

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 15.5 feet at 5 p. m. 

February 15 (discharge not determined because of backwater from ice). Maximum stage recorded during open-water periods, 12.9 feet at 5.40 p. m. February 

25 (discharge, 23,200 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 5.0 feet at 12 m. 

November 24 (discharge, 1,850 second-feet).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice during parts of December, January, 

and February.

REGULATION. Operation of the power plants in the city of Sterling, about 20 miles 

upstream, may cause a slight fluctuation at the gage.

ACCURACY. Gage readings reliable; records good except during winter.
154 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Rock River at Lyndon, III., during the year ending Sept. SO,

1915.

Date.

Nov. 23

25

Mar'. 2

May 8

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.08

5.18

11.08

6.12

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,970

2,110

16,300

3,520

Date.

May 8

Sept. 21

24

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.93

10.87

10.83

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 3 ion

15.700

14,900

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rock River at Lyndon, III., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1915.

Day.

1. ................

2.................

0

4.................

5.................

6.................

7.................

8.................

9.................

10.................

11.................

12.................

13.................

14.................

15.................

16.................

17.................

18.................

19.................

20.................

^L. ................

22.................

23..................

24.................

25.................

26................. 

27................. 

28.................

29.................

30.................

01

Nov.

1,980

2,390

3>300 

2,390 

2,110 

2,110

2,110

Dec.

2,250

2,390

2

0Qrt

2

OQA

2,110

2,390

2,680

2,680

2 con

2,680

2 OKA

3,630

5,110

........

Feb.

14,500

22,100

23,200

21,300 

19,100 

18,300

Mar.

16,600

16,600

a 16, 400

16,200

15,800

14 200

12' 600

11,100

10,600

9,160

9

4QA

9,990

9,710

10,600

10,800

a 10, 400

9,990

9,160

8,890

9,430

8,620

a8,360

8, 100^ 7, 840' 

7,340H 

7,590

7,100 

6,860

Apr.

ag 630

6,' 400

6,170

5,520

5,730

5,520

a5,520

5,520

4,720

5,110

4,720

4,530

4,720

4,530

4,340

3,980

04,220

o4,100

3,980

3,980

3,800

3,460

* 3,140 

; 3,630 

«3,540 

3,460

3,140

May.

2,250

2,390

3

0AA

3,300

3,300

o3,300

3,140

3,630

3,630

3,460

2,530

3,140

2,530

2,530

2,%90

4,340

4,340

4,160

2,980

2.680

3,630

4,160

4,160

3,800

7,340 

5,110 

6,170 

07,660

9,160 

12,000

June.

10,600

9,710

7,840

6,400

6,170

5,520

5,730

5,950

5,950

5,730

5,110

11,100

11,700

15,200

12,000

10,800

10,800

10,300

9,160

8, 890

9,160

7,590

7,100

5,950

5,730

5,110 

5,110 

4,160 

4,720

3,800

July.

3,800

4,160

2,530

2,530

3,300

03,220

3,140

5,950

4,530

4,530

9,990

10,600

6,170

6,170

10,800

6,860

7,340

6,400

7,100

5,110

5,730

4,530

4,530

4,720

4,530

4,340 

4,340 

3,300 

5,950

9,990 

7,340

Aug.

6,630

o7,900

9,160

15,800

14,800

13,200

12,300

12,300

13,200

11,400

8,890

9,430

9,430

7,840

7,100

06,980

6,860

7,100

5,520

4,530

5,110

5,310

4,720

4,340

4,530

4,530 

3,980 

3,460 

2,680

2,830 

2,680

Sept.

2,830

3,140

3,630

3

QAA

2,680

2,530

02,890

03,250

03,980

4,340

4,340

4,720

7,340

12,900

14,800

19,400

19,800

1/600

15' 800

15,800

15,800

15,800

15,500

14,200

13,800 

14,800 

17,600 

18,300

18,300

«Interpolated.

NOTE. Discharge determined from a rating curve well defined between 1,850 and 19,800 second-feet. 

Discharge estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, and climatic records, as follows: 

Dec. 16-31, 2,900 second-feet; Jan. 1-31, 2,900 second-feet; Feb. 1-10, 3,400 second-feet; Feb. 11-21, 9,800 

second-feet.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI EIVER BASI1T. 155

Monthly discharge of Rock River at Lyndon, III., for the year ending Sept. 80, 1915, 

[Drainage area, 9,010 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

May......... ............................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,300

23,200

16,600 

6,630 

12,000 

15,200 

10,800 

15,800 

19,800

Minimum.

1,980 

2,110

6,860 

3,140 

2,250 

3,800 

2,530 

2,680 

2,530

Mean.

2,340 

2,780 

2,900 

9,950 

10, 700 

4,610 

4,190 

7,770 

5,600 

7,570 

10,400

Per 

square 

mile.

0.260 

.309 

.322 

1.10 

1.19 

.512 

.465 

.862 

.622 

.840 

1.15

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.07 

.36 

.37 

1.15 

1.37 

.57 

.54 

.96 

.72 

.97 

1.28

Accuracy.

B. 

C. 

D. 

D. A-. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

PECATONICA EIVER AT DILL, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 6., T. 1 N., R. 6 E., at Illinois Central Railroad bridge at Dill 

(Ramona post office), Green County, 9 miles above the Illinois State line, about 

a mile below the junction of the east and west branches of Pecatonica River. 

Skinner Creek enters from the left about a mile below the station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 959 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and Natural 

History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 9, 1914, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Vertical staff fastened to downstream side of the left abutment; read twice 

daily, morning and evening, to quarter-tenths, by W. C. Shadewaldt.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At low and medium stages made from upstream side 

of highway bridge about 400 feet above the gage; at extremely high stages considerable water overflows to the left of this highway bridge and measurements 

are made from the railroad bridge to which the gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel, sand and mud; undoubtedly shifting; banks only 

medium high and overflow at flood stages. All the water passes beneath the 

railroad bridge to which the gage is fastened. There is little fall in. the river 

below the gage, and no regular control.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. 1914-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 14.6 feet a. m. and 

p. m., September 14,1915 (discharge, approximately 6,590 second-feet), minimum 

discharge 286 second-feet, recorded by discharge measurement made January 

7, 1915. An estimated mean discharge of 245 second-feet was made for period 

January 21 to 31.

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow estimated from 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. Operation of dams at Argyle, on the East Branch of Pecatonica River, 

and the Darlington dam, on the West Branch of Pecatonica River, cause little, 

if any, diurnal fluctuation at the gage.

ACCURACY. Rating curve well defined over a range in stage covered by low and 

medium-stage gage heights; upper section of the curve poorly defined. Channel 

may be shifting; open-water records good at medium stages.
156 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

Date.

Jan. 76

Feb. 56

26

Made by 

W.G.Hoyt.. ..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.35

1.71

2 Oft

12.25

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

327

286

430

5,240

Date.

Mar. 1

Apr. 22

22

July 19

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.92

1.59

1.59

2.25

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1.280

455

AAQ

629

a Brush in section which may cause backwater. 

6 Made through complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

Day.

1..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9

10..............

12..............

10

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21. .............

22..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

97

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

400

400

388

376

376

376

376

425

425

388

376

376

625

625

556

7Q*\

698

556

528

476

463

450

450

438

425

412

425

425

Nov.

425

425

425

425

425

412

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

425

412

ooo

364

OftJ.

Oftl

335

Dec.

325

320

300

Jan.

290

265

245

Feb.

475

905

2,980

3,880

5,460

3

00rt

2

f\of)

Mar.

1,320

1,080

1,000

960

920

772

809

772

772

735

846

1,040

1 360

1,040

920

846

S24.fi

809

772

70 e

698

ftQQ

698

698

661

625

ftOK

CCft

556

Apr.

556

556

556

556

528

556

528

528

528

528

556

528

528

528

502

476

476

476

476

463

463

463

450

/IK A

438

y|OK

A9t\

4ftrt

May.

400

425

556

590

502

450

450

450

450

438

425

400

400

400

400

400

Af)f\

400

400

489

735

528

625

1.040

1 040

? fiQR

1,240

1,000

June.

772

625

625

590

590

556

556

528

556

i <un

2 060

1,760

1 000

779

698

698

7OC

772

ftQQ

ftftl

625

CCft

556

528

KOO

CAO

476

July.

476

476

463

450

450

476

846

1,320

556

515

489

515

625

Q9ft

515

625

KCft

625

C/IO

COQ

476

515

AQQ

542

528

CAO

489

Aug.

556

1.400

1,680

1,560

1,320

920

735

625

625

625

590

542

502

502

502

502

476

450

450

425

425

425

412

400

400

400

400

Sept.

400

400

400

425

425

425

438

502

772

846

625

556

2,100

6,590

5,900

5,020

4,080

3,230

1,800

1,240

1,200

1,000

846

772

3,480

4 430

4' 280

3,180

2,060

NOTE. Discharge, except as noted below, determined from a rating curve well defined below and fairly 

well defined above 1,320 second-feet. Discharge Nov. 21 to Feb. 20, estimated because of ice, from discharge 

measuremente, observer's notes, and weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for period 

included.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 157

Monthly discharge of Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1915. 

[Drainage area, 959 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

735 

425

5,460

1,360 

556 

1,240 

2,060 

1,320 

1,680 

6,590

6,590

Minimum.

376

556 

400 

400 

476 

450 

400 

400

Mean.

461 

380 

315 

266 

1,630 

840 

493 

576 

777 

585 

631 

2,050

741

Per

square 

mile.

0.481 

.396 

.328 

.277 

1.70 

.876 

.514 

.601 

.810 

.610 

.658 

2.14

.773

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.55 

.44 

.38 

.32 

1.77 

1.01 

.57 

.69 

.90 

.70 

.76 

2.39

10.48

Accuracy.

A. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.

PECATONICA RIVER AT FREEPORT, ILL.

LOCATION. In T. 27 N., R. 8 E., at highway bridge at Hancock Avenue, Freeport, 

Stephenson County; about half a mile east of the Illinois Central Railroad 

station, and about 2 miles above mouth of Yellow Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,330 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 11, 1914, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, morning and afternoon, to quartertenths to March 3 and to hundredths after March 3, by William Stout and Mrs. 

M. H. Stout.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of channel at gage consists of soft mud; character of 

control not known.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 17.2 feet at 5 p. m. 

February 16, and 7 a. m. February 28 (discharge, 7,780 second-feet); minimum 

stage recorded, 3.1 feet at 4.30 p. m. December 12 (discharge, 278 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice during parts of December, January, 

and February. Warm water from a roundhouse above gage keeps river partly 

open at gage, but ice forms at points below.

REGULATION. Operation of the powerhouse at a dam about a mile above the gage in 

the city of Freeport causes slight fluctuation at the gage.

ACCURACY. Gage readings reliable; records good except during winter.
158 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Pecatonica River at Freeport, III., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Mar. 3

3

May 7

July 10

10

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

9.79

9.64

5.40

5.40

7.48

7.14

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,780

1,690

641

634

1,100

1,010

Date.

Sept. 22

22

28

29

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

8.45

11.44

11.25

15.79

15.72

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1 4<tfl

2,310

2,200

5,690

5,780

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pecatonica River at Freeport, III., for the period Sept.

11, 1914, to Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

2..............

3..............

4.. ............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Sept.

395

409

409

612

5,6(30

13.000

10,700

8,790

6,140

2,940

1,140

847

714

652

632

593

555

519

519

519

Oct.

502

502

485

485

469

502

485

469

519

519

519

485

502

555

735

779

870

942

870

779

672

593

593

574

593

574

574

<W7

537

519

537

Nov.

519

519

555

537

519

519

555

555

519

469

453

469

469

485

469

485

485

469

381

341

409

453

453

438

438

485

502

4fiQ

4M

453

Dec.

469

485

469

469

423

381

453

469

453

485

469

322

341

438

438

438

469

453

453

453

409

453

469

4<W

"*"

Feb.

5,520

&,aoO

5,250

5,520

5,000

4,360

4,270

4,880

5,520

8,010

8,520

Mar.

6,310

3,910

1,980

,390

,240

,140

,020

,090

,120

,060

,060

,160

,440

1,710

1,620

1,390

1,260

1,190

1,140

1,090

1,040

1,020

990

966

990

942

894

894

870

824 824

Apr.

801

779

757

735

735

735

757

735

735

735

735

714

714

693

693

672

652

652

632

632

632

593

574

593

IW4

IW4

555

KKK

555

519

May.

537

502

652

735

735

574

632

612

593

593

593

593

612

593

574

652

632

593

593

612

672

672

847

757

942

1,160

1,240

1,440

2,100

1,650

June.

1,320

1,090

1,090

918

847

801

824

801

757

735

1,770

2,100

2,570

2,670

1,980

1,360

1,140

1 060 i'i60

1,140

1,040

942

870

801

801

757

735

714

693

672

July.

672

672

672

652

632

652

1,020

1,710

1,440

1,190

990

847

757

779

1,360

1,650

1,420

1,020

966

966

990

942

847

801

735

757

801

1,020

1,020

918

Aug.

779

990

2,340

2,880

2,300

1,710

1,290

1,140

1,020

966

918

1,060

918

847

801

847

779

735

714

693

672

672

672

632

fit 9

612

612

Sept.

612

574

593

593

574

555

574

632

672

870

1,160

870

1,320

2,520

3,590

5,120

6,310

6,310

5,810

5,120

4,000

2,470

1,560

1,240

1,140

2,380

5,000

5,810

5,660

5,380

NOTE. Discharge determined from rating curve well denned between 395 and 8,000 seeond-feet and 

fairly well defined above 8,000 second-feet. Discharge estimated, because of iee, from gage heights, 

observer's notes,and climatic records, as follows: Dee. 26-31, 440 seeond-feet; Jan. 1-31, 450 seeond-feet; 

Feb. 1-5, 450 second-feet; and Feb. 6-15,1,800 second-feet. Estimates for the period when the discharge 

relation was believed to have been affected by ice are based on insufficient data and should be used with 

caution.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASIN. 159

Monthly discharge of Pecatonica River at Freeport, III., for the period Sept. 11, 1914, to

Sept. 30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 1,330 square miles.]

Month.

1914. 

September 11-30.............. .........

1914-15.

November ..............................

February. ........................... .

April. ...................................

July....................................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

13,000

942

555

8.520

6,310 

801 

2,100 

2,670 

1,710 

2,880 

6,310

8,520

Minimum.

395

469 

341 

322

824 

519 

502 

672 

632 

612 

555

322

Mean.

2,790

590 

477 

443 

450 

3,320 

1,410 

667 

801 

1,140 

963 

996 

2,630

1,140

Per 

square 

mile.

2.10

.444 

.359 

.333 

.338 

2.50 

1.06 

.502 

.602 

.857 

.724 

.749 

1.98

.857

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.56

.51 

.40 

.38 

.39 

2.60 

1.22 

.56 

.69 

.96 

.83 

.86 

2.21

11.61

Accuracy.

A.

A. 

A. 

B. 

D. 

D. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.

SUGAR RIVER NEAR BRODHEAD, WIS.

LOCATION. In sec. 26, T. 2 N., R. 9 E., Green County, at highway bridge 2 miles 

southwest of the village of Brodhead, about 12 miles above the Illinois State 

line. Jordan Creek enters from the right about 2 miles below, and Little Jordan 

Creek, also from the right, about 4 miles above the station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 529 square miles (measured on Wisconsin Geological and Natural 

History Survey map, edition of 1911; scale, 1 inch=6 miles).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 7, 1914, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge; read daily, morning and 

evening, to quarter-tenths by Arthur Christensen.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge at medium and 

high stages; at low stages by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sand and gravel with no well-defined control; right bank 

of medium height; rarely overflows; left bank at the gage and above overflows at 

stage of approximately 7 feet on the gage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 11.25 feet at 6 

p. m. September 13 (discharge, approximately 12,500 second-feet); levels run to 

the high-water marks made during the night of September 13 showed a maximum 

stage of 11.4 feet (discharge approximately 13,000 second-feet); minimum stage 

recorded, 0.78 foot November 29, 1915; discharge, approximately 108 second-feet. 

1914-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 11.4 feet, September 13,1915; discharge, 

approximately 13,000 second-feet; minimum stage recorded, 0.4 foot at 10 a. m. 

Sunday, August 30, 1914 (water was undoubtedly being held at the dam); discharge determined from extension of the rating curve, approximately 74 secondfeet.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; flow estimated from 

discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

REGULATION. At extremely low stages there may be some diurnal fluctuation caused 

by the operation of power plants above the gage, especially the plant at Brodhead.

ACCURACY. Channel shifting; rating curves only fairly well defined; at exceptionally 

low stages some diurnal fluctuation; records fair.
160 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PAUT V.

Discharge measurements of Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis., during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1915.

Date.

24

25

Made by 

W.G.Hoyt............

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2 10

2.37

6.82

6.45

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

134

3,140

2

Enn

Date.

Apr. 21

21

July 21

Made by 

W.G.Hoyt.. ..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.54

1.59

1.82

5.91

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

274

280

376

2,200

Made under complete ice cover.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1..............

2... ...........

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

250

250

166

250

224

9KA

224

292

224

278

9Q9

307

384

467

520

538

416

COO

9ft7

307

264

250

937

250

250

278

Nov.

250

188

250

237

250

278

166

224

224

007

994

224

224

237

994

160

212

919

1QQ

108

95H

Dec.

176

278

007

224

224

188

994

oen

278

278

OQO

278

994

205

155

Jan.

 150

195

230

Feb.

230

775

1.100

1,240

1,810

2 Q7ft

2,630

1,860

887

Mar.

690

653

616

527

410

380

459

410

410

380

442

846

887

846

616

510

527

510

442

459

459

442

442

442

410

366

352

338

Apr.

338

324

324

270

338

338

338

338

324

310

296

352

296

296

310

296

296

244

283

283

283

270

296

283

220

283

270

244

244

257

May.

244

220

283

296

310

296

296

283

244

270

257

257

257

244

244

220

270

257

283

310

410

310

380

690

616

653

616

544

527

544

June.

426

352

324

310

283

270

283

283

296

296

846

616

846

766

580

442

380

380

410

442

410

352

338

296

283

283

244

270

262

310

July.

283

270

283

257

270

270

352

510

476

410

310

324

352

296

527

380

296

270

324

352

352

366

352

394

-270

296

338

324

338

324

310

Aug.

296

580

1,590

1,920

1,810

1.290

887

580

476

410

410

366

366

366

352

366

QKO

380

380

324

394

310

324

310

310

296

296

283

270

296

296

Sept.

283

296

283

270

220

qin

q-m

K-tn

728

R94

527

4 990 s'&oo

3 4iift

2,260

1,830

2,550

1,710

1,200

878

668

626

544

A(\Q

2,010

2,790

1,770

1,350

965

NOTE. Discharge determined as follows: Oct. 1 to Nov. 19 and Nov. 25 to Dec. 13 from a rating curve 

well defined between 199 and 4,580 second-feet; Feb. 21 to S<ept. 15 from a rating curve fairly well defined 

between 244 and 4,500 second-feet; Sept. 16-30 from a rating curve fairly well denned between 335 and 2,260 

second-feet; Nov. 20-24, and Dec. 14 to Feb. 20 estimated because of ice from discharge measurements, 

observer's notes, and weather records. Braced figures show mean discharge for period included.

Monthly discharge of Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis., for the year ending Sept. 30,1915. 

[Drainage area, 529 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

538 

337 

292

2,970

887 

352 

. 690 

846 

527 

1,920 

8,600

8,600

Minimum.

166 

108

324 

220 

220 

244 

257 

270 

220

108

Mean.

292 

212 

203 

193 

855 

500 

295 

352 

396 

336 

542 

1,440

464

Per 

square 

mile.

0.552 

'.401 

.384 

.365 

1.62 

.945 

.558 

.665 

.749 

.635 

1.02 

2.72

.877

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.64 

.45 

.44 

.42 

1.69 

1.09 

.62 

.77 

.84 

.73 

1.18 

3.04

11.91

Accuracy.

A. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI KIVEE BASIN. 161

IOWA RIVER AT MARSHALLTOWN, IOWA.

LOCATION. At the Third Avenue highway bridge, 1 mile south of Marshalltown, 

Marshall County, and about a mile below site of old gaging station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,380 square miles, revised by measurement on United States 

Geological Survey map of scale 1 to 500,000.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 21 to September 30,1915; February 23,1903, to August 8, 

1903, at old location 1 mile above present station.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream handrail of bridge, 60 feet from right pier; 

read once daily by B. S. Beehrle.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge, to which gage is 

attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream sandy and subject to change; right bank will 

not overflow, left bank will overflow at a stage between 13 and 14 feet.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during part of year, 13.6 feet, 

June 1 (discharge, 8,420 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 3.2 feet, September 4 to 7 (discharge, 455 second-feet).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; observations discontinued during winter months.

ACCURACY. Results fairly good.

Discharge measurements of Iowa River at Marshalltown, Iowa, during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

May 22

29

% 

Made by 

.....do....................................................................

A. Davis .................................................................

&L

Feet.

K 1O

13.21

9.62

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,010

 7 QEA

3,620

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Iowa River at Marshalltown, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1 ...........

3............

4

5.. ..........

6............

7.. ..........

8............

9............

10............

11............

12............

13............

14............

15............

May. June.

8,420

6,500

5,860

5,140

5,380

3,790

3,020

2,460

2,080

1,860

1,760

1,580

1,480

1,400

1,280

July.

1,860

1,440

1,240

1,080

1,010

1,010

1,320

2,460

1,620

1,400

1,280

1,160

1,040

940

906

Aug.

1,080

1,530

1,320

1,320

1,400

1,530

2,140

1,980

1,660

1,400

1,160

1,010

906

873

873

Sept,

503

479

479

455

455

455

455

479

479

553

1,010

688

579

553

553

Day.

16............

17..... ......

18............

19............

20............

21............

22............

23............

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............

31............

May.

808

1,010

1,080

1,240

1,530

3,880

7,560

7,300 7 t;fin

8,120

7,840

June.

1,280

1,440

2,080

2,260

1,580

1,530

1,440

1,360

1 280

1^920

2,080

1,920

2,950

3,020

2,520

July.

Q7*

1,160

1,360

2,200

2,260

2,200

1,980

1,660

1,580

1,240

1,160

1 080

l'?20

1,920

1,280

1,120

Aug.

840

873

906

840

777

873

840

808

717

660

632

<WQ

553

EfiQ

528

Sept.

ETQ

632

906

1,200

3,980

6,500

840

1,120

940

873

4,600

6,360

7,700

6,110

4,810

NOTE. Discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well denned between 700 and 9,000 second-feet. 

47878° WSP 405 17 11
162 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PAET V.

Monthly discharge of Iowa River at Marshalltown, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 30,1915. 

[Drainage area, 1,380 square miles.] a

Month.

May 21-31. ..............................

July....................................

August. ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

8,120 

8,420 

2,460 

2,140 

7,700

Minimum.

808 

1,280 

906 

503 

455

Mean.

4,360 

2,690 

1,440 

1,020 

1,840

Per 

square 

mile.

3.16 

1.95 

1.04 

.739 

1.33

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.29

2.18 

1.20 

.85 

1.48

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B.

a, This drainage area supersedes that published in previous reports. 

IOWA RIVER AT IOWA CITY, IOWA.

LOCATION. At highway bridge about 500 feet below Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 

Railway, main-line bridge; about three-fourths mile below Iowa State Uriver. 

sity's power plant, three-fourths mile downstream from old gaging station, which 

was at the county highway bridge a short distance above the dam.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,140 square miles (revised by measurement on United States 

Geological Survey map of scale, 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 30, 1913, to September 30, 1915, at present site 

June 11, 1903, to July 21, 1906, at old gaging station.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream handrail of bridge about 40 feet from lefthand end of first span from left bank; read once daily by Byron Gibson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached, or from 

a boat about 1,000 feet below highway bridge. >

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream sandy and subject to change; right bank 

is high and will not overflow; left bank will overflow at high stage under a pile 

trestle approach to the bridge and beyond the left end of the approach at extremely high stage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum discharge during year, approximately 20,000 

second-feet, February 18, 24, and 25. Minimum stage recorded: 1.2 feet November 19; (discharge, 492 second-feet); maximum stage recorded prior to 1915, about 

15 feet (old gage) night of June 2-3,1903 (discharge, approximately 20,000 second; 

feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.7 feet (old gage) several days in November 

and December, 1904 (discharge, 160 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice; discharge determined from head 

on the crest of the dam.

REGULATION. Slight diurnal fluctuation due to operation of power plant above 

station.

ACCURACY. Results fair.

Discharge measurements of Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa, during 1914-1915.

Date.

1914. 

May 23

Oct. 24

1915.

Feb. 22

27

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.42

3

*74

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

532

1,920

15,200

Date.

1915. 

Mar. 20

23 

May 10

Made by 

Dunlap and Repass ....

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3 in

3.10

9 dA

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

4,630

1 3Qfl

1,460 

1 640

7' 600

NOTE. Measurements May 23,1914, to May 10,1915, made by Engineering Department, University of 

Iowa.
TJPPEK MISSISSIPPI EIVER BASIN. 163

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. 80,1915.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

is

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

10

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24. .............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

in

31..............

Oct.

1,300

1,450

1,610

1,760

1,910

2,070

2,220

2,380

2,540

2,690

3,120

3,570

3,860

3,660

3,380

2,690

2,450

2 4.EA

2,450

2 530

2,450

2,450

2,290

2,290

1 ftdfl

1,560

1,500

1,370

1,300

1,300

1,240

Nov.

1,130

1,130

1,130

1 nsn

1,020

965

815

770

81 1

815

815

7OK

fiOK

595

595

555

515

475

515

515

475

101

635

680

635

680

635

635

680

Dec.

560

800

700

700

660

44fl

660

600

600

560

AAf\

400

QOft

600

AAf)

360

44rt

480

4f|A

300

520

400

380

520 /inn

360

QOrt

350

350

QKA

350

Jan.

350

350

350

350

350

350

350

350

350

350

400

500

MV\

300

400

1,000

2,200

1,400

1,400

1,400

1,800

1,400

1,000

600

500

500

500

500

400

MV\

400

Feb.

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

600

800

1,000

1,500

4,000

6,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

15,000

12,000

12,000

15,200

18,000

20,000

20 000

19,000

17,500

12,000

Mar.

9,340

7,950

6,740

5,820

4,910

3,860

3,200

2,690

2,690

2,530

2,370

2,060

1,990

1,840

1,990

2,140

2,530

2,780

3,080

3,380

3,660

3,660

3,760

'3,860

4,160

4 4gQ

4*320

4,160

4,690

4 Ron

5,140

Apr.

5,580

5,580

5,350

5,460

3,860

3,660

3,140

2,610

2,490

2,370

2,290

2,290

2,370

2,290

2,370

2,290

2,220

2,220

2,140

1,840

1,560

1,560

1,560

1,500

1 inn

1 300

1^180

1,130

1,130

1,080

May.

1,130

1,300

1,370

1,440

1,080

1,240

1,560

1,640

1,500

1,560

1,560

1,440

1,370

1,300

1,440

1,370

1,130

1,080

1,370

1,640

1,640

1,500

1,560

1,640

2 690

4,160

4,160

4,480

6,620

6,160

5,810

June.

5,920

7,100

8,820

9.340

9,340

8,950

8,320

7,820

7,340

6,740

6,980

5,240

5,460

3,960

3,200

2,780

2,530

2,370

3,380

3,480

3,480

3,660

3,380

3,300

2,860

2,780

2,690

2,530

2,610

2,610

July.

2,690

2,780

2,690

2,860

2,780

2,610

2,290

2,060

2,140

2,220

4,580

4,480

4,260.

3,760

3,860

3,570

3,570

3,120

3,030

3,030

2,860

2,780

2 780

3^030

3,660

4,260

5,460

8,700

8,580

6,270

i isn

Aug.

8,320

9,210

8,580

6,740

4,910

5,130

5,240

4,060

4,260

3,200

2,940

3,380

3,030

2,940

2,140

1,640

1,500

1 300

1^130

1,370

1,500

1,370

1,440

1,370

1,300

i snn

i 9An

1,130

1,080

1,080

1,020

Sept.

915

815

815

770

725

725

1,130

1,130

2,450

1,500

2,370

2,450

2,610

2,690

3,480

3,660

3,030

2,530

2.530

2,450

2,450

3,200

3,660

3,860

8,700

10,800

9 QQft

10,200

11,500

NOTE. Discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 400 and 12,000 second-feet. Discharge Oct. 2-9, Mar. 4.15,19, 27, and 31, Apr. 7 and 9. interpolated. Discharge Dec. 1-27 and Jan. 1-25 

estimated by Prof. R. E. Hutchins from discharge relation curves for the State university power plant. 

Discharge relation curves for the plant, affected by backwater from ice below the dam Dec. 28-31 and Jan. 

26 to Feb. 15, and discharge estimated from consideration of probable flow at Cedar Rapids and records of 

temperature. Discharge Feb. 16-28 estimated from three discharge measurements and flow at Cedar 

Rapids.

Monthly discharge of Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 30, 1915. 

[Drainage area, 3,140 square miles.o]

Month.

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,860

1.130 

800 

2,200 

20,000 

9,340 

5,580 

6,620 

9,340 

8,700 

9,210 

11,500

20,000

Minimum.

475 

300 

300 

400 

1,840 

1,080 

1,080 

2,370 

2,060 

1,020 

725

300

Mean.

2,240 

739 

476 

674 

7,970 

3,890 

2,530 

2,190 

4,970 

3,750 

3,060 

3,520

2,960

Per 

square 

mile.

0.713 

.235 

.152 

.215 

2.54 

1.24 

.807 

.697 

1.58 

1.19 

.975 

1.12

.943

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.82 

.26 

.18 

.25 

2.64 

1.43 

.90 

.80 

1.76 

1.37 

1.12 

1.25

12.78

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

a Supersedes that published in previous reports.
164 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

IOWA KIVER AT WAPELLO, IOWA.

LOCATION. At highway bridge, about one-half mile from railroad station, at Wapello, 

Louisa County, and about 20 miles from mouth of Iowa River. No important 

tributaries enter near station.

DRAINAGE AREA. At gaging station, 12,480 square miles; at mouth, 12,600 square 

miles (measured on United States Geological Survey map of scale 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 26 to September 30,1915.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to vertical near center of first span from right abutment; 

read once daily by C. W. Warren.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream sand and gravel and subject to shift, right 

bank high and will not overflow; it is possible that levee along left bank might 

break or be overtopped at extremely high stages.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year: 11.5 feet, February 

26 and 27 (discharge, 41,800 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.70 feet, 

September 6 to 8 (discharge, 3,120 second-feet); maximum known stage prior to 

1915, approximately 14.3 feet about April 3, 1912 (discharge, approximately 

58,000 second-feet). The flood of June, 1892, was much higher.

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Results considered good.

Discharge measurements of Iowa River at Wapello, Iowa, during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1915.

Date.

Feb. .26 Aug. 7

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

11.36

6.40

Discharge.

See.-ft. 

41,000

17,100

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Iowa River at Wapello, Iowa, for the year ending Sept.

, 30, 1915.

Day.

1....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

g................ .................... 10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

16....................................

17...................................

18...... ..............................

19....................................

20................ .... ................

21............ ...................... ..

22.. ................................ ..

23.... .............................. ..

24........ .......................... ..

25........ ............................

26... .................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Feb.

41 800

41 firtO

41,300

Mar.

35,800

30,100

24,400

24,400

17,900

15,500

13,200

12,200

11,200

10,200

9,590

8,690

8,110

8,110

8,110

9 9Qft

10 200

lo'.SOO

12 200

1 9' ono

17,100

10 Qfift

18,300

19 000

i Q' Ann

94 &nn

33,200

Apr.

33, 700

28,600

23,900

21,300

18,300

15,900

14,400

13,200

12,500

12,200

12,200

11 800

11*500

11,800

11,800

11,500

10 800

9' QfYl

8,110

7,540

7 260

6 460 e'20o

5,950

5,220

4,990

May.

4,990

4,990

5,460

5,950

5,700

5,220

6,200

7,260

7,820

7,540

7,260

6 QQH

6,460

6,200

6,720

5,700

4 760

4,760

4,990

5,700

5,700

S QCft

6,720

14,000

14 400 le'soo

19 100

23,900

June.

25,300

25,300

30,600

36,300

36,300

33,700 OQ enn

20,000

18,300

1 7 fum

1f\ QArt

13,200

12,200

11,200

m son

U oftn

11,800

H cnn

11,800

12,200

11,500

11.200

10,200

9

9QA

9 con

9 290

July.

9,290

8,990

8,990

7,540

7,260

7,540

7

f{Af\

7,260

7 540

10,200

14 000

12*. 200

11 800

10,800

10 500

9? 9QO

9 900 lo'soo

10,200

o onn

9 900 1 1*200, 10 con

14 4fift

16,300

17 <WI

91 vnn

22,600

Aug.

99 inn

20,400

20,400

20,400

IP. 7nn

17,100

17,100

17 Plftrt

14,000

12,500

n Oftft

in ftnn

Q 9Qft

8,400

7,540

6,720

6,200

6,200

6,200

5 950

5!, 700

5 99H

4

QQA

4,760

4,320

4,110

3,900

Sept.

O 7AA

3 7HO

3

KAA

3

1 OA

3

1OA

3

1OA

10,800

10,500

16,300

15,500

10,200

9 onn

9 590

9

* KQrt

9 onn

8 990

8^110

6 990

8 400

9 9QO

9,590

i Q finn

17 onft

24 800

OQ fif)f\

oq onn

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 3,000 and 60,000 second-feet. 

Discharge Mar. 28 interpolated.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 165

Monthly discharge of Iowa River at Wapello, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915. 

[Drainage area, 12,480 square miles.]

Month.

April...................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

35,800

as, 700

23,900 

36,300 

22,600 

22,100 

33,200

Minimum .

8,110 

4,990 

4,760 

9,290 

7,260 

3,900 

3,120

Mean.

15,800 

12,200 

8,340 

17,800 

11,400 

10,500 

10,600

Per 

square 

mile.

1.27

.978 

.668 

1.43 

.913 

.841 

.849

Run-off 

(depth in 

Inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.46 

1.09 

.77 

1.60 

1.05 

.97 

.95

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B.

CEDAR RIVER 1 AT JANESVILLE, IOWA.

LOCATION. At the Illinois Central Railroad bridge about one-fourth mile below the

highway bridge and about 3 miles above junction with Shellrock River. 

DRAINAGE AREA.' 1,660 square miles (revised by measurement on United States

Geological Survey map of scale 1 to 500,000). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 26, 1905, to September 30, 1906, and May 28 to Sep."

tember 30, 1915. 

GAGE. Chain gage attached to upstream guard rail of bridge about the middle oi

left span; read once daily by James Townsend.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of railroad bridge. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL.^ Bed of stream, gravel; fairly permanent; both banks high

and not subject to overflow. 

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.8 feet at 7 a. m.

May 31 (discharge, 6,890 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.39 feet September 12 (discharge, 329 second-feet). 

1905-1906: Maximum stage recorded 13.3 feet March 28,1906 (discharge, about

22,600 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.90 foot at various times in 1905

(discharge, 330 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice. 

REGULATION. May be slight diurnal fluctuation of water level due to operation of

power plant at Waverly, about 9 miles above station. 

ACCURACY. Results considered excellent.

Discharge measurements of Cedar River at Janesville, Iowa, during the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

[Made by C. Herlofson.]

Date.

May 23.. ............................................................................

Sept. 11.............................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.03

8.29

1.52

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

721

6,260

OQQ

1 Called Red Cedar River in Water-Supply Papers 171 and 207.
166 SUBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PABT V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cedar River at Janesville, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1. ...........

2............

3............

5............

6............

7............

8............

9............

10............

11. ...........

12............

13............

14............

15............

May. June.

6,530

5,050

3,630

2 340

2,180

1,720

1,650

1,580

1,880

1,800

1,650

1,£10

1,810

1,720

1,510

July.

1,300

1,100

775

905

710

1,100

1,510

2,420

3,260

3,920

2,420

1,720

1,650

1,440

Aug.

1,160

2,020

1,950

1,650

3,000

2,580

2,260

1,720

1,300

1,100

1,040

970

840

775

775

Sept.

458

458

396

396

427

427

372

427

396

366

427

329

583

489

872

Day.

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............

21............

22............

23............

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............

31............

May.

2,020

2,2bO

4,410

4,830

5,950

6,890

June.

1,300

1,230

1,580

1,720

1,720

2,580

2,660

1,950

1,650

1,650

1,440

905

1,800

1,650

1,580

July.

2,020

2,180

1,440

2,580

3,260

5,050

3,720

2,500

2,180

1,950

1,440

1,300

1,230

1,040

1,720

1,440

Aug.

905

1,580

905

1,040

1,230

1,100

840

775

710

646

646

520

520

458

520

Sept.

1,040

905

742

614

1,000

938

646

646

552

500

1,510

1,200

938

710

614

NOTE. Discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 300 and 8,000 second-feet. Dis" 

charge September 25, estimated from discharge of Shellrock River near Clarksville.

Monthly discharge of Cedar River at Janesville, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915. 

[Drainage area, 1,660square miles.] 1

Month.

May 26-31...............................

Julv.... ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

6,890 

6,530

5,050 

3.000 i;sio

Minimum.

2,020 

905 

710 

458 

329

Mean.

4,390 

2,070 

1,940 

3,170 

646

Per

square 

mile.

2.64 

1.25 

1.17 

.705 

.389

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.59 

1.40 

1.35 

.81

.43

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

1 Supersedes drainage area previously published. 

CEDAR RIVER AT CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA.

 »

LOCATION. In the central part of Cedar Rapids, Linn County, about one-half mile 

below the dam and between the electric railroad bridge and the Seventh Avenue 

combination railroad and foot bridge.

DRAINAGE AREA. At gaging station 6,640 square miles; at junction with Iowa River, 

7,930 square miles (revised measurements on United States Geological Survey 

map of scale 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 26,1902, to September 30,1915.

GAGE. Inclined staff gage fastened to posts driven in right bank of the river in rear 

of plant of the Iowa Windmill & Pump Co. plant; read daily in the morning, to 

tenths, by R. S. Toogood. Elevation of zero of gage from Northwestern R. R. 

levels 723.03 feet above sea level.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from different bridges in the vicinity of the gage, 

according to the stage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of river consists of rock and gravel; free from vegetaion and practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 11.7 feet at 7 a. m. 

March 29; (discharge, 32,400 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 3.1 feet October 6 (discharge, 1,100 second-feet). 1902-1915: Maximum stage recorded 17.2 

feet April 1, 1912 (discharge, 54,000 second-feet), minimum stage recorded, 2.5 

feet, July 24 to 28,0.911 (discharge, 410 second-feet.)

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice, except in mild winters, when the 

swift current and the proximity to the power plant keep the measuring section 

open.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVER BASIN. 167

REGULATION. No power has been developed at the dam above the gaging station 

during this vear. The construction of a new dam to replace the old one has been 

begun and the regimen of flow has been slightly affected as an incident to construction work. There is no dam for a long distance below Cedar Rapids and no backwater at the gaging station.

ACCURACY. Records excellent; open-water estimates based on a well-defined rating 

curve.

COOPERATION. Gage height record furnished by United States Weather Bureau. 

No discharge measurements were made at this station during the year.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

2............

3............

5............

6............

7............

8............

9............

10............

11............

12............

13............

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

19. ...........

20............

21............

22............

23............

24...... .....

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............

31............

Oct.

1 630

1,260

1,440

1,260

1,260

1,100

1,260

2,320

4 760

4,110

4,110

3,480

3,480

2,870

4,110

4,430

5,770

5,090

5,090

4,430

4,430

3,480

3,480

2,870

2,870

2,320

2,320

2,320

2,070

2,070

Nov.

1,840

2,070

1,840

2,070

1,840

2,070

1,840

2,070

1,840

1,840

1,630

1,630

1,440

1,630

1,440

1,630

1,260

1,440

1,260

1,630

1,440

1,440

1 9fifl

1,630

1,440

1 630

1 630

1,440

1,630

Dec.

1,260

1,440

1,260

1,440

1,260

1 440

1^260

1 440

1^630

1,440

1,630

1,440

1,000

Jan.

800

2,000

Feb.

1,200

10,000

14,300

13,500

14,600

12,300

9,710

9,340

9,710

22,900

26,500

21,800

17,400

13,100

Mar.

9 7in

8,250

7,890

6,120

5,770

5,090

4,760

4,110

4,110

3,480

3,480

3,170

3,480

3,4&0

3 7Qrt

4 430

4

4.0A

6,820

C OCA

8,970

11,200

10 QAft

13,100

12,700

17 ftfifi

30,400

32 400

24 500

17! 800

Apr.

1O OAA

12,300

10,800

Q ^4ft

8,610

7,890

8,250

S

OCrt

8,250

7 890

8^260

8,610

7,890

7,170

7, 170

6,120

5,430

5,090

4

A*}(\

4,430

3 7Qrt

3 790

3,480

3,480

3,170

3 17ft

2,870

3 48ft

May.

3,480

3,480

3,170

3,790

3,170

4,760

6,120

6,120

5,770

5

4.0A

5,090

4,760

4 430

4,110

3,480

3,480

2,870

3,170

2,590

3,170

2,870

3 17ft

2,870

4,430

8,250

9,710

12,000

17 800

18,200

16,600

Jane.

29,600

29,600

OO QAfl

20,600

iq Kfifi

11,200

9,710

8,970

8,610

8 OCA

7,630

7,530

7,170

6,820

6,470

6,120

6,120

6,470

6,470

7,170

7,530

7 RQO

7,890

6,470

6,470

6,470

6,120

6,120

July.

5,770

6,120

5,770

5,090

4,430

d 7firt

4,110

4, 430

4,110

5,090

5,770

6,470

7,170

6,820

5,770

t> 4W

5,090

5,770

6,820

6,120

6,820

7,890

8,610

9,710

9,710

8,250

8,250

9,340

9,340

7,530

6,120

Aug.

5,770

6,120

5,770

8,970

10,400

10,800

10,100

9,340

8,610

7,890

6,470

6,120

5,430

4,760

4,110

4,110

3,480

3,790

4,110

4,430

3,790

3,790

3,480

2,870

2,870

2,590

2,590

2.320

2,590

2,320

Sept.

2,320

2,070

2,070

1,8*0

2,070

1,840

2,070

1,840

2,320

2,870

2,870

2,320

2,320

1,840

2,590

2,590

4,430

3,790

4,110

3,480

5,430

5,770

5,090

4,110

4,110

8,970

17,000

22,900

17,000

13,900

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 600 and 36,000 second-feet. 

Discharge Dec. 14 to Feb. 14 estimated, because of ice, from climatic records and probable discharge at 

Iowa City. Braced figures show mean discharge for period included.

Monthly discharge of Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. SO,

1915. 

[Drainage area, 6,640 square miles.] »

Month.

October. ................................

December. ..............................

February. . .............................

March... ................................

April....................................

M&y.... .................................

June ....................................

July.....................................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,770 

2,070

26,500

32,400 

13,500 

18,200 

29,600 

9,710 

10,800 

22,900

32,400

Minimum.

1,100 

1,260

3.170

2,870 

2,590 

6,120 

4,110 

2,320 

1,840

Mean.

3,030 

1,640 

1,170 

1,420 

8,780 

9,910 

6,930 

5,870 

10,500 

6,530 

5,270 

5,200

5,490

Per

square 

mile.

0.456 

.247 

.176 

.214 

1.32 

1.49 

1.04 

.884 

1.58 

.983 

.794 

.783

.827

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.53 

.28 

.20 

.25 

1.38 

1.72 

1.16 

1.02 

1.76 

1.13 

.92 

.87

11.24

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

C. 

D. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

0 Supersedes drainage area previously published.
168 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

SHELLROCK RIVER NEAR CLARKSVILLE, IOWA.

LOCATION. At the highway bridge, 1J miles northwest of Clarksville, Butler County,

and approximately 25 miles above junction with Cedar Kiver. No important

tributaries enter for several miles up and down stream. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,660 square miles at the station and 2,680 square miles at the

junction with Cedar River (measured on United States Geological Survey map of

scale 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE.' May 28 to September 30, 1915. 

GAGE. Chain gage attached to hand rail on upstream ride of bridge 75 feet from right

abutment; read once daily by Mrs. H. H. Sherburne. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream ride of bridge to which gage

is attached. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Rock and sand; probably permanent. The right bank is

high and will not overflow; left bank will probably overflow during extreme

high stage. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year: 11.0 feet at 7.30

a. m. May 30 (discharge, 10,200 second-feet). Minimum stage recorded since

station was established, 1.6 feet several days during September (discharge, 185

second-feet); in April, 1907, a stage of approximately 16.5 feet was reached

(discharge, approximately 19,000 second-feet), 

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice. 

ACCURACY. Results considered good.

Discharge measurements ofShellrock River near Clarksville, Iowa, during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

May 31

Sept. 11

Made by 

A. Davis.................................................................

height.

Feet. 

9.07

5.21

1.92

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

7,490

2,740

330

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Shellrock River near Clarksville, Iowa, for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915. .

Day.

1..... .......

2............

3............

4............

5............

6............

7............

8............

9............

10............

11............

12............

13............

14. ...........

15............

May. June.

5,380

4,640

3,700

3,140

2,940

2,630

2,630

2,530

2,340

2,060

1,980

1,810

1,980

1,810

1,500

July.

1,200

1 '902 000

902

902

810

810

1,500

1,570

1,200

1,060

1,000

935

902

810

Aug.

935

1,340

3,700

4,760

3,580

2,530

i osn

1,730

1,340

1,140

935

870

902

810

750

Sept.

298

275

252

230

230

208

208

185

185

185

208

275

320

1,900

1,200

Day.

16. ...........

17............

18. ...........

19............

20............

21............

22. ...........

?3. ...........

24. ...........

25............

26............

27. ...........

28............

29. ...........

30............

31............

May.

3,140

8,940

10,200

7,110

June.

1,340

1 200

1,280

1,980

1,980

1,980

1,730

1,420

1,420

2,340

2,160

1,900

1,570

1,810

1,420

July.

1,200

1,340

1,060

2,160

2,160

1,900

1,570

1.340

1,200

1,000

902

902

840

840

810

1,060

Aug.

690

1 140

662

662

662

552

552

498

470

445

420

395

370

345

320

320

Sept.

840

690

60S

552

525

498

470

420

395

345

420

608

662

608

552

NOTE. Discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined between 200 and 10,000 second-feet.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 169

Monthly discharge ofShelfrock River near Clarksville, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 30,

1915.

[Drainage area, 1,660 square miles.]

N

Month.

May 28-31 ...............................

July..........:.........................

August .................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

10,200 

5,380 

2,160 

4,760 

1,900

Minimum.

3,140 

1,200 

810 

320 

185

Mean.

7,350 

2,200 

1,150 

1,160

478

Per 

square 

mile.

4.43 

1.33 

.693 

.699 

.288

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.66

1.48 

.80 

.81 

.32

Accuracy.

B. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

A.

SKUNK RIVER AT COPPOCK, IOWA.

LOCATION. At highway bridge about one-eighth mile above railroad bridge and about

one-fourth mile above junction with Crooked Creek. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,890 square miles (measured on United States Geological Survey

map of scale 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 21, 1913, to September 30, 1915. 

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge; read once daily by J. W.

Ricks.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel and sand; channel likely to shift. 

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 16.3 feet at 9.30

av m. August 4 (discharge, 13,700 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during

open-water periods, 3.5 feet December 10 (discharge, 34 second-feet); the minimum flow during the winter period was much lower. 

Maximum stage recorded prior to 1915, approximately 24 feet about May 31,

1903 (discharge, approximately 30,000 second-feet). 

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; observations discontinued

during winter months. 

ACCURACY. Conditions of flow fairly good, current not normal to bridge at medium or

high stages. Two railroad bridges below gage catch drift at high stages, thus

affecting the discharge relation.

Discharge measurements of Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa, during the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

Date.

Oct. 27

27

Feb. 25

Made by 

.....do...................................................................

D.V.Egbert............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.23

5.21

14.12

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,130

1,130

10,300
170 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1...............

Z.. .............

4.. .............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8................

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31

Oct.

1,180

1,060

940

835

785

735

645

690

785

2,330

2,960

3,120

3,040

2,640

2,560

2,640

2,640

2,560

2,330

2,100

1,960

1,820

1,620

1,420

1,300

1,240

1,120

1,060

995

940

885

Nov.

835

785

785

735

690

690

645

600

600

600

560

520

520

520

520

480

440

440

430

420

410

400

400

400

370

370

370

370

370

370

Dec.

370

370

370

370

370

370

370

370

355

340

340

330

320

310

£9j

Jan.

250

400

800

1,500

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

800

600

Feb.

400

1,000

1,200

1,200

1,500

3,000

6,000

9,000

9,380

9,700

10,100

10,400

10,600

10,700

10,300

10,100

9,500

9,000

Mar.

8,500

8,000

7,000

6,000

5,500

5,000

4,500

4,000

3,500

3,500

3,000

2,500

2,500

2,000

2,000

1,500

1,500

1,500

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,500

2,500

2,500

3,000

3,000

3,500

3,500

3,500

3,500

Apr.

3,200

2,720

2,330

1,760

1,620

1,490

1,360

1,300

1,300

1,240

1.300

1,300

1,240

J.j UUU

May.

1 800

885

995

940

835

835

785

735

690

835

785

690

690

600

645

1,240

1,420

995

885

1,360

6,020

6,260

5,000

5,360

5,470

4,600

June.

3,920

3,560

3,290

3,290

4,210

4,400

5,910

6,260

6,140

5,910

5,470

5,470

6,020

5,470

3,740

2,330

2,040

2,040

4,300

3,560

3,640

3,740

3,380

2,960

2,560

3,460

1,960

1,820

1,560

1,420

July.

1,300

1,180

1,120

995

885

835

885

1,360

885

995

9,090

8,130

4,120

3,040

2,330

2,880

2,260

2,330

3,830

3,460

3,290

3,040

2,800

3,640

6,740

6,500

5,260

6,260

8,130

9,090

9,230

Aug.

8,950

9,090

12,200

13,700

12,100

10,100

8,400

6,860

6,140

5,800

5,580

5,360

4,540

4,060

3,620

2,560

2,190

2,260

2,340

1,910

1,840

1,770

1,700

1,580

1,450

1,330

l,27fl

1,210

1,090

1,090

1,040

Sept.

1,270

1,390

1,390

1,090

979

979

924

924

4,540

2,490

6,020

5,690

5,150

5,470

5,690

6,500

6,380

6,380

4,240

3,620

2,880

2,260

2,050

2,490

2,960

4,840

7,360

8,400

8,540

8,400

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from two rating curves, well defined throughout. Discharge Nov. 

19-24 and Dec. 11 to Feb. 18 estimated, because of ice, from climatic records and probable discharge at 

Iowa City. ^Discharge Feb. 20 to May 6, except Feb. 22,24-26, Mar. 2, and Apr. 2-13, interpolated, or estimated from known discharge at Iowa City. Braced figures show mean discharge for period included.

Monthly discharge of Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa, for the years ending Sept. 30,1914-

1915.

[Drainage area, 2,890 square miles.]

Month.

1913-14. 

October 21-31...... .....................

December. ..............................

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

1914-15.

May.....................................

July.....................................

The year .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximun.

157 

95 

168 

560 

1,560 

1,560 

1,300 

168 

6,430

. 3,120 

835 

370 

1,500

10,700

8,500 

3,200

6,260 

6,260 

9,230 

13, 700 

8,540

13, 700

Minimum.

106 

67 

83 

179 

190 

157 

86 

33 

70

645 

370

1,500

600 

1,420 

835 

1,040 

924

............

Mean.

126 

80.4 

114 

305 

457 

602 

242 

59.5 

2,230

1,640 

522 

297 

497 

4,550 

3,470 

1,310 

1,750 

3,790 

3,740 

4,620 

4,040

2,520

Per 

square 

mile.

0.044 

.028 

.039 

.106 

.158 

.208 

.084 

.021 

.772

.567 

.181 

.103 

.172 

1.57 

1.20 

.453 

.606 

1.31 

1.29 

1.60 

1.40

879 l£l

Run-off 

(depth in 

niches on 

drainage 

area).

0.02 

.03 

.04 

.12 

.18 

.23 

.10 

.02 

.86

.65 

.20 

.12 

.20 

1.64 

1.38 

.51 

.70 

1.46 

1.49 

1.84 

1.56

11.75

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

A.

A. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 171

SKUNK RIVER AT AUGUSTA, IOWA.

LOCATION. At highway bridge about one-third mile from Augusta post office, Des 

Moines County, and about 15 miles from mouth of Skunk River.

DRAINAGE AREA. At gaging station 4,290 square miles; at mouth, 4,350 square miles 

(measured on United States Geological Survey map of scale 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 30 to November 15,1913; May 27 to September 30, 

1915.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream handrail of bridge about 95 feet from 

left abutment; read once daily by L. E. Williamson; staff gage attached to the 

downstream left side of the middle pier, used by engineers of the Hydraulic Engineering Co. of Maine during 1913; datum of gage unknown; gage taken out by ice 

in spring of 1914.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream sandy and subject to change; right bank 

high and will not overflow; left bank will only overflow at extreme high stage; 

remains of old mill dam 600 feet below gage will probably make discharge 

relation permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 15.6 feet at 6 p. m. 

July 11 (discharge, 25,800 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 3.2 feet, August 

31, September 1 and 6 (discharge, 1,100 second-feet).

Maximum stage prior to 1915, approximately 21 feet about June 1, 1903 (discharge, nearly 40,000 second-feet); minimum discharge recorded, 63 second-feet, 

November 10, 1913; absolute minimum discharge at this station probably 25 

second-feet or less.

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Results considered good.

COOPERATION. Station maintained by and measurements made by Hydraulic 

Engineering Co. of Maine during the fall of 1913.

Discharge measurements of Skunk River at Augusta, Iowa, during 1913-1915.

Date.

1913. 

Oct. 1 

6 

7 

9

13 

13

14

15

16 

17

18 

20 

21

22

23

Made by 

McDaniel and Logson. . 

.....do................. 

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

«1.28 

1.44 

1.19 

1.02

1.52 

1.76

1.53

1.40

1.22 

1.59

2.01 

1.77 

i ia

1.44

1.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

148 

184 

118 

83

249 

384

241

196

145 

309

534 

396

OKQ

229

224

Date.

1913. 

Oct. 23

25 

27 

28

30 

Nov. 1

4

5

6

14

15

1Q1 C

Feb. 24 6

Made by 

McDaniel and Logson. - 

.....do................. 

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.45 

1.30 

1.38 

1.36

1.28

1 V*.

1.17

1.17

1.16

1.08

«1.08

ell. 11

<«.24

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

229 

162 

188 

180

157 

126

120

112

101 

89

70

12,100

5,720

a Measurements Oct. 1 to Nov. 15, 1913, made by engineers, Hydraulic Engineering Co. of Maine. See 

' Gage" in station description.

6 Discharge relation affected by ice jam below station, 

c Gage height refers to chain gage.
172 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PAET V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Skunk River at Augusta, Iowa, for the periods Oct. 1 to 

Nov. 15, 1913, and May 27 to Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1913. 

1. .............

3..............

4..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10..............

Day.

1915. 

1............

3............

4............

6............

7............

8............

9

10............

11............

19

10

14............

15

Oct.

154 

146 

90 

117 

302

206 

121

75 

66 

87

May.

Nov.

135 

131 

124 

114 

114

110 

110 

110 

114 

63

June.

7,380 

6,040 

5,300 

4,940 

5,480

6,040 

7,180 

8,550 

8,950 

8,350

7,960 

7,570 

10,400 

9,970 

8,350

Day.

] 

] 

] 

I 

I

] 

] 

] 

]

c

July.

4,940 

3,550 

2,060 

1,680 

1,440

1,210 

2,620 

2,200 

1,680 

1,440

25,300 

23,700 

14,200 

7,570 

6,610

1913. 

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5»....... ......

6..............

7..............

8..............

IB. .............

SO.. ............

Aug.

19,600 

17,600 

22,800 

23,400 

23,000

23,200 

19,600 

13,900 

8,950 

7,380

7,180 

6,800 

6,420 

4,760 

4,230

Sept.

1,100 

1,160 

1,560 

1,260 

1,210

1,100 

1,160 

1,160 

2,770 

4,400

6,800 

6,610 

6,230 

5,860 

6,230

Oct.

87 

271 

302 

251 

224

161 

286

527 

480 

387

Nov.

69

75 

84 

84 

84

Day.

1915. 

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............

21............

22............

23............

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............

31............

Day.

1913. 

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

May.

13,500 

12,900 

11,200 

10,400 

9, 150

June.

4,060 

2,620 

2,340 

2,340 

4,580

4,060 

3,880 

3,880 

3,550 

2,920

2,620 

3,550 

2,920 

2,620 

2,060

Oct.

261 

220 

215 

165 

150

161 

194 

186 

173 

154 

139

July.

4,230 

3,880 

2,770 

5,120 

5,860

4,940 

4,060 

3,390 

6,610 

14,600

13,700 

13,500 

13,100 

21,900 

19,600 

22,500

Aug.

3,880 

2,920 

2,340 

2,340 

2,340

2,060 

1,930 

1,800 

1,800 

1,680

1,560 

1,320 

1,320 

1,260 

1,160 

1,100

Nov.

Sept.

6,610 

9,360 

10,600 

17,000 

9,970

7,380 

3,880 

3,080 

2,340 

2,620

3,230 

6,040 

9,970 

.11,800 

12,200

NOTE. Discharge determined asfollows: Oct. 1 to Nov. 15,1913,from a rating curve well defined between 

80 and 600 second-feet; May 27 to Sept. 30,1915, from a rating curve well denned between 1,100 and 40,000 

second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Skunk River at Augusta, Iowa, for the periods Oct. 1 to Nov. 15, 

1913, and May 27 to Sept. 30, 1915.

[Drainage area, 4,290 square miles.]

Month.

1913.

November 1-15.. . .......................

1915. 

May 27-31................... ............

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

527 

135

13,500 

10,400 

25,300 

23,400 

17,000

Minimum.

66 

63

9,150 

2,060 

1,210 

1,100 

1,100

Mean.

205 

101

11,400 

5,350 

8,390 

7,730 

5,490

Per 

square 

mile.

0.048 

.024

2.66 

1.25 

1.96 

1.80 

1.28

Run-off 

(depth in 

Inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.06 

.01

.49 

1.40 

2.26 

2.08 

1.43

Accuracy.

A. 

B.

B.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

DES MOINES RIVER AT KALO, IOWA.

LOCATION. At highway bridge at Kalo, Webster County, about 1J miles east of Otho, 

a station on the Minneapolis & St. Louis Railroad, and 1J miles above the mouth 

of Holiday Creek, which enters from the left.

DRAINAGE AREA. 4,170 square miles (measured on United States Geological Survey 

map of scale 1 to 500,000).
UPPER MISSISSIPPI BIVER BASIN. 173

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 18-, 1913, to September 30,1915, except October, 1914, 

to March 21, 1915, when the station was temporarily discontinued.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge in middle of right span; 

read once daily by S. C. Fuller.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At high stages made from bridge, to which gage is 

attached; at low stages by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. No well-defined control; channel consists of gravel and is 

fairly permanent; point of zero flow estimated to be at gage height 1.0±0.2 foot.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year and since station 

was established, 14.0 feet at 8 a. m. May 30 (discharge, 18,500 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.3 feet at 8.10 a. m. May 20 (discharge 1,000 second-feet); 

minimum stage recorded 1913-1915, 0.6 foot November 17, 1913 (discharge, 190 

second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice; observations discontinued during 

winter months.

ACCURACY. Results considered excellent.

Discharge measurements of Des Moines River at Kalo, Iowa, during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Arvr 9O

VTo-rr 01

Made by 

A TlATriQ

&L

Feet. 

4 16

12.72

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2 640

16*100

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Des Moines River at Kalo, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1..... .......................................

2............................................

3............................................

4............................................

5............................................

6............................................

7............................................

8............................................

10............................................

11............................................

12............................................

13............................................

14............................................

15............................................

16............................................

17............................................

18............................................

19............................................

20............................................

Zl. ...........................................

22............................................

23............................................

24............................................

25............................................

26............................................

27............................................

28............................................

29

3D............................................

31............................................

Mar.

5,310

8,500

6,450

7,680

8,840

9,350

8,670

7,680

8,840

8,670

8,160

Apr.

7,200

6,450

6,300

6,150

5, 870

5,590

5,310

5,040

5,040

4,910

4,780

4,650

4,390

4.150

4*150

3,910

3,670

3,430

3,210

O QQfl

2,880

2,470

2,170

2,070

1,980

1,890

1,890

May.

1,800

1,800

1,980

2,270

2.270

2,270

2,270

2,070

1,980

1,890

1,620

1,450

1,370

1,290

1,290

1,210

1,140

1,070

1,000

1,000

1,210

1,530

2,880

5,730

7,200

8,670

11,600

15,800

18,500

16,300

June.

14,600

12,300

11,000

9,990

9,480

8,130

7,330

6,400

5,800

5,500

5,210

5,070

5,070

5,070

4,510

3,340

3,220

2,860

2,860

2 QftA

2,740

2,520

2 74A

^ ion

4,110

4,110

3 980

S

oon

3 860

........

July.

3,590

3,460

2,980

3,100

2,860

1,910

1,820

1,910

1,820

1,820

3,100

2,100

2,000

1,910

1,820

2,100

1,820

2,520

4,650

4 240

3 OCA

3 720

3

CQA

3

ARf\

3,460

3,220

3,220

3,220

3 inn

3,100

Aug.

3,100

4,930

5,500

5,500

5,350

5,500

5,950

6,100

6,250

5,950

5,500

5,350

5,210

4.650

4,120

3

CQn

3 d fin

3

O,* A

3 inn

2 980

2 cfin

S

een

2 can

2,520

2 200

2, 000

2 onn

2 inn

2.200

2,100

Sept.

1,910

1,820

1,730

1,560

1,560

1,480

1,400

1,560

1,480

1,400

1,320

1,320

1.480

2 74ft

3,100

2,520

2,520

2,520

3,340

2 Cfifl

2 630

2*, 410

9 3f<n

2 200

5,210

5,210

.5,350

A Kin

3 980

........

NOTE. Discharge computed from two well-defined rating curves. Aug. 15, interpolated.
174 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PAB.T V.

Monthly discharge of Des Moines River at Kalo, Iowa, for the years ending Sept. 30,

1914-1915.

[Drainage area, 4,170 square miles.]

Month.

1913-14.

March 22-31. ............................

July....................................

August .................................

1915. 

March 21-31.... .......... .... . ..

April............................ .. ..

May

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

303 

303 

380 

679 

3,340 

6,530 

4,580 

706 

734

9,350 

7,200 

18,500 

14,600 

4.650 

6,250 

5,350

Minimum.

190 

110 

213 

254 

303 

790 

762 

254 

286

5,310 

1,890 

1,000 

2,520 

1,820 

2,000 

1,320

Mean.

239 

216 

285 

360 

914 

4,180 

2,180 

411 

489

8,010 

3,990 

4,020 

5,540 

2,900 

3,940 

2,530

Per 

square 

mile.

0.057 

.052 

.068 

.086 

.219 

.100 

.523 

.098 

.117

1.92

.956 

.964 

1.33 

.695 

.944 

.606

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.06 

.03 

.03 

.10 

.25 

.11 

.60 

.11 

.13

.79 

1.07 

1.11 

1.48 

.80 

1.09 

.68

Accuracy.

C. 

D. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

B.

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

DES MOINES RIVER AT DES MOINES, IOWA.

LOCATION. At the Walnut Street Bridge at Des Moines, Polk County, about 

one-third mile above mouth of Raccoon River and about 205 miles above the 

mouth of the Des Moines.

DRAINAGE AREA. 6,180 square miles. Effective area at high stages, including 

Raccoon River, 9,770 square miles. Measured on United States Geological Survey map of scale 1 to 500,000.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 2,1902, to August 3,1903; October 1,1914, to September 30, 1915 at the Walnut Street Bridge. From May 26, 1905, to July 20, 1906, 

records were collected at the Interurban Bridge near Highland Park about 5 miles 

above the present station. The United States Weather Bureau has maintained 

a gage at the Locust Street Bridge from July 1,1897, to January, 1912, and at the 

Walnut Street Bridge from January, 1912, to September 30,1915.

GAGE. The original Weather Bureau gage is a staff at the Locust Street Bridge one 

block above the Walnut Street Bridge. In January, 1912, a Friez water-stage 

recorder was installed by the United States Weather Bureau in and near the 

south end of the second pier from the east abutment of the Walnut Street Bridge. 

This gage is set to read the same as Locust Street gage. A copper float in a 9-inch 

pipe connects with the register at the top, which is graduated to record graphically 

stages from 0 to 33 feet. Gage zero is 774.74 feet above sea level.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made at any one of several bridges below the power 

dam according to the stage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel satisfactory for accurate measurements. A sheetpiling dam was constructed about 300 feet above the old mouth of Raccoon River 

about September, 1913. This dam, called a "beauty dam," is for the purpose of 

raising the low-water stage of the river a few feet, thus improving the appearance 

of the river through the park along the bank. The pooled water from this dam 

extends past the gage to the power dam at low water. The dam thus forms a 

permanent control ak low stages. It is drowned out at stages of 8 to 10 feet, 

depending on the stage in Raccoon River.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 175

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year: 16.0 feet June 1;

minimum stage recorded, 1.7 feet December 13 and 31. 

1897-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 22.6 feet May 31, 1903; minimum stage

recorded, 0.8 foot at various times. 

WINTER PLOW. The effect of the power dam above the station is to improve the

conditions of winter flow, but severe winters and occasional ice jams below the

gage often seriously affect the discharge relation. 

REGULATION. The Edison Power & Light Co.'s dam, about one-fourth mile above

the gage, causes slight diurnal fluctuation of stage. The dam is practically

drowned out at a stage of 18 feet, although there is a perceptible ripple with a

stage of 21 or 22 feet.

COOPERATION. The gage heights are furnished by the United States Weather Bureau. 

Estimates of discharge withheld until additional data are collected.

Discharge measurements of Des Moines River at Des Moines, Iowa, during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Apr. 23o 

May 296 

June 66

Made byBolster and Herlofson. .......................................

A. Davis. ....................................................

.....do.......................................................

Gage height.

Locust

street 

gage.

Feet. 

4.99 

15.10 

10.80

Walnut 

street 

gage.

Feet. 

4.87 

15.21 

10.78

Discharge.

Sec-ft. 

3,520 

23,300 

15,100

, a Made from Grand Avenue Bridge. 6 Made from Court Avenue Bridge.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Des Moines River at Des Moines, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1....... .......

2..............

3. .............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............. 

30..............

31..............

Oct.

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

4.0

4.4

4.7

4.9

5.2

5.2

5.0

4.8

4.9

5.2

5.2

5.0

4.9

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.-2 

4.2

4.1

Nov.

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.8

3

0

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.5

2.4

1.8

2.0

3.3

3.0

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.5

3.4

Dec.

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.3

2.8

2.3

1.7

1.8

1.8

2.5

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.5

2.3

2.3

2.5

2.6

2

1

2.0

1.8

1.9

1.8

1.7

Jan.

1.8

1.9

2.0

1.9

1.9

2.8

2.8

3.0

3.0

3.5

8.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.2

3.2

2.8

2.7

2.5

2.7

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.0

1 Q

1.9

1.8

1.9

Feb.

2.0

1.9

2.0

1.8

1.9

3.0

2.6

9 9,

2.3

2.4

2.8

3.8

4.4

8.8

6.3

5.3

6.1

6.8

9.4

10.3

U q

12.1

13.0

13.3

1°. A.

19 4

10.3

9.1

Mar.

8.2

7.7

7.3

7.0

6.5

5.9

5.5

5 4.

5.4

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.1

5.2

5.5

6.0

6.9

7.8

8.6

8.5

8.0

7.6

7.7

8.4

8 9

9 1

9.0

8.6 

8.2

8.0

Apr.

7.8

7.4

7.0

6.6

6.5

6.4

6.3

fi 9

6.1

6.0

6.0

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.7

5.6

5.5

5.3

5.2

5.1

5.0

5.0

4.9

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6 

4.5

May.

4.5

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.9

3 9

3.8

3.8

3.8

4.0

4.3

4.6

4.9

7.0

9.0

12.7

14.7 

15.5

15.7

June.

16.0

15.6

1O A

19 ft

ift Q

10.2

9 7

8 9

8.1

7.4

6.8

6.5

6.2

6.1

6.2

5.9

5.6

5.4

5 A

5.5

5.5

5.4

5.2

5.1

6.4

7.0

7.6

7.4 

6.7

July.

6.3

6.1

5.8

5.6

5.3

5.3

5.2

5.2

5.1

5.0

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.1

5.0

5.5

5.7

6.0

8.1

9.6

9.5

9.2

7.7

7.8

8.2

7.3

7.0

7.5

10.6 

9.3

8.1

Aug.

7.2

7 t\

8.2

8.0

7 Q

7.8

8.1

7.6

7.4

7.2

7.0

6.8

6.6

6.5

6.4

6.1

6.0

5.9

5.9

5.6

5.4

5.4

5.8

5.7

5.4

5.2

5.0

4.9

4.9 

4.8

4.8

Sept.

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.3

4.2

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.2

5.0

5.4

5.4

5.3

5.2

5.6

6.1

5.6

5.4

5.2

5.5

8.1

10.1

10.7 

10.9
176 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

DBS MOINES RIVER AT KEOSAUQUA, IOWA.

LOCATION. At county bridge, Keosauqua, Van Buren County, one-fourth mile above 

old dam site and Government locks. No important tributary enters Des Moines 

River for several miles up or down stream.

DRAINAGE AREA. At gaging station, 13,900 square miles; at mouth, 14,300 square 

miles (revised measurements from United States Geological Survey map of 

scale 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 30, 1903, to July 21, 1906; April 5 to December 31, 1910 

(United States Engineer Corps); August 3, 1911, to September 30, 1915,

GAGE. Chain gage attached to an upstream vertical of bridge; read once daily by 

Frank Schreckengast.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel shifts considerably at flood stages. Control is a 

gravel riffle about one-fourth mile below gage.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year about 18.5 feet, 

early in the morning of August 3 (discharge, about 63,000 second-feet); minimum 

stage recorded, 0.70 foot November 24 and 28 (discharge, 1,190 second-feet).

Maximum stage since 1850 and probably in the last century: 27.9 feet June 

1, 1903 (discharge, 97,000 second-feet); maximum stage about June 1, 1851, 

about 24 feet (discharge, about 80,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 

1903-1915; zero August 28 to September 6, 1911 (discharge, 160 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice; observations discontinued during winter months.

ACCURACY. Results considered fair.

The following discharge measurement was made by Egbert and Davis: 

June 4,1915: Gage height, 15.30 feet; discharge, 51,900 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa, for the year

ending Sept. 30,1915.

Day.

2...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6........................... 

7........................... 

8...........................

9........................... 

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13........................... 

14......................... 

15f. .........................

16...........................

17........................

18........................ .

19........................ .

20........... ................

21........................

22.........................

23..........................

24...........................

25...........................

26........................

27........................ 

28.......................... 

29...........................

30........................... 

31...........................

Oct.

3,200

3,000

9 snn

2,600

2,500

2,500 

2,600 

3,000

4,000 

8,000

9,870

11,000

9,870 

8,790 

7,710

7,170

7,170

7,980

7,710

7,170

5,570

5,060

4,810

4,570

4,090

3,630

3,520 

3,410 

3,080 

2,980 

2,980

Nov.

2,770

2,570

2,470

2 Q7fl

2,280

2,090 

2,090 

2,090

2,000 

2,000

2,000

1,910

1,910 

1,820 

1,740

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,490

1,490

1,420

1 340

1,260

1 inn

1 260

1,260

1,260 

1,190 

1,260 

1,260

Feb.

=

26,200

25,900

20,000

17,600

16,000

25,000

32,500

qo inn

32,200

Apr.

12,000 

11,500 

11,000

11,000 

10,700

10,100

9,870

9,870 

9,870 

9,600

9,060

8,790

7,980

7,710

7,170

6,630

6,360

6,090

5,570

5., 570

5,310

5,060 

4,570 

4,570 

6,090

May.

5,310

4,570

4,570

4,570

4,810

5,570 

5,570 

5,310

5,570 

5,570

5,060

5,060

4,570 

4,090 

' 4, 090

3,860

3,410

3,190

3,080

3,190

5,060

4,570

3,520

3,630

5,570

12,600

18,800 

25,000 

27,000 

32,000 

36,000

June.

45,000

53,000

56,000

53,000

49,500

46,000 

42,000 

36,000

30,000 

26,000

25,000

23,000

24,000 

20,000 

16,000

14,000

12,400

12,100

17,500

17,200

14 onn

19 7nn

11,200

10,600

9,430

11,200

8,850 

11,800 

11,800 

12,400

July.

16,900

14,300

12,400

13,700

11,800

8,850 

11,200 

12,400

12,400 

13,000

17,500

12,700

12,400 

13,700 

19,500 

15,200

18,200

20,800

28,100 qi nnn

32,000

qo Ann

36,000

59 000

46 000

QI nnn

22,000 

32,000 

45,000 

50,000 

52,000

Aug.

53,000

56,000

62,000

38,000

25,000

20,500 

18,500 

17,000

18,000 

15,500

13,700

12,700

11,800 

11,200 

11,200

11,200

11,800

14,300

14,600

14,000

14,900

14,300

10,600

S

oon

S

oon

8 nnn

7,160 

6,610 

6,070 

5,800 

5,800

Sept.

6,340

5,800

5,530

5,000

5,000

4,740 

4,480 

4,220

6,880 

7,160

10,600

11,200

8,280

5,800 

5,260

5,530

5,800

20,200

17,200

12,400

8,280

9,140

7,720

7,720

6,610

7,720

26,400 

28,800 

27,800 

27,000

 NOTE. Discharge determined as follows: Oct. 1-10, estimated from discharge of Des Moines River at 

Des Moines; Oct. 11 to Nov. 30, Feb. 16-26 (except Feb. 20 and 21, which was estimated), and Apr. 6 to May 

27, from a rating curve well defined between 1,000 and 35,000 second-feet; May 28 to Sept. 30, except May 30 

to June 16 and July 20 to Aug. 10, -which was determined by indirect method for shifting channel, from a 

rating curve well defined between 1,500 and 15,000 second-feet. The gage was not read Dec. 1 to Feb. 15 

and Feb. 27 to Apr. 5. The mean flow for December was less than 1,000 second-feet.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 177

Monthly discharge ofDes Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. SO,

1915.

[Drainage area, 13,900 square miles.]

Month.

February 16-26. .........................

April 6-30... ............................

May....................................

July....................................

September. .............................

Discharge m second-feet.

Maximum.

11,000 

2,770 

33,100 

12.000 

36,000 

56,000 

59,000 

62,000 

28,800

Minimum .

2,500 

1,190 

16,000 

4,570 

3,080 

8,850 

8,850 

5,800 

4,220

Mean.

5,240 

1,750 

25,300 

8,080 

8,540 

24,400 

24,300 

17,600 

10,500

Per 

square 

mile.

0.377 

.126 

1.82 

.582 

.615 

1.76 

1.75 

1.27 

.755

Run-off 

(depth in 

Jnches on 

drainage 

area).

0.43 

.14 

.74 

.54 

.71 

1.96 

2.02 

1.46 

.84

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

RACCOON RIVER AT VAN METER, IOWA.

LOCATION. At highway bridge about one-third mile from railroad station, about 

1 mile below South Raccoon River, and about 30 miles above junction of Raccoon 

River with Des Moines River.

DRAINAGE AREA. At gaging station, 3,410 square miles; at mouth, 3,590 square miles 

(measured on United States Geological Survey map of scale 1 to 500,000).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 25 to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream handrail of bridge about 25 feet from 

right end of bridge; read once daily by E. C. Trindle.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge to which gage is attached.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of stream sandy and subject to change. River divided 

into two channels at low and medium stages by an island with the water surface 

slightly higher in the left channel than in the right at extreme low water; right 

bank high and will not overflow; left bank overflows at a stage of about 11 feet. 

At extreme high stage this overflow will extend for several thousand feet beyond 

left end of bridge.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 13.8 feet at 7 a. m. 

May 29; discharge, 22,900 second-feet; minimum stage recorded, 1.0 foot May 19 

(discharge, 540 second-feet).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice; observations discontinued during the winter.

ACCURACY. Results considered good.

Discharge measurements of Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa, during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Apr. 24

May 29

Made by 

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.71

15.61

9.75

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,010

21,900

7,770

47878° WSP 405 17- -12
178 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1....

2....

3....

4....

5....

6....

7....

8....

9....

10....

11....

12....

it

14....

15....

Apr. May.

762

860

2,290

1,210

1,140

1,140

1,210

1,210

1,140

1,000

930

860

795

762

762

June.

12,800

11 000

9^690

7,850

6,400

6,120

6,260

5,840

6 4fifi

3,960

3,190

9 QQA

O AQf\

2,200

July.

1 760

1,360

1 Qfifl

1,210

1,070

1,840

1,680

2,110

3 4fifi

5,320

1 1Q(1

"> <?8fl

Aug.

5,580

5,320

4,200

3,620

3

qnn

O QOn

2

CQA

2 OQn

2,020

1 *un

1,680

1 600

2

' *3QA

2 fi9.fi

1,760

Sept.

1,140

1,070

i nnn

Qon

Q<?(1

860

795

860

1,280

1,070

1 '860 000

Qon

930

860

Day.

16....

17....

18....

19

20....

01

oo

94

25....

26. .

O7

28. .

9Q

<?n

31....

Apr.

1,000

930

1,600

1,140

1,000

930

May.

632

600

570

540

570

1,070

1,520

1 360

1^760

2,380

4,560

7,700

16.200

22.900

15,900

15,600

June.

2,110

1,930

2,110

1,930

2,020

2,020

2,110

2,020

1,930

1,840

1,600

1.360

1.280

1,210

1,140

July.

4,080

5,320

6,820

13.900

10,800

11,700

7,550

5,980

5,580

4,560

3,740

8,450

11,000

8,450

6,540

Aug.

1,520

2,980

2,980

2,880

2,480

2,020

1,840

1,680

1,440

1,280

1,210

1,210

1 14ft

1,360

1,210

1,210

Sept.

860

1,070

1,520

1 680 I'eoo

1,360

1,210

2,110

2,780

2,380

2,380

4,810

8,300

14,600

18,700

NOTE. Discharge computed, from a rating curve well denned between 500 and 25,000 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa, for the year ending Sept. 30,1915. 

[Drainage area, 3,410 square miles.]

Month.

April 25-30.............................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,600 

22,900 

12, 800 

13,900 

5,580 

18,700

Minimum.

930 

540 

1,140 

1,070 

1,140 

795

Mean.

1,100 

3,550 

4,080 

5,030 

2,310 

2,660

Per 

square 

mile.

0.323 

1.04 

1.20 

1.48

.677 

.780

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.07 

1.20 

1.34 

1.71

.78 

.87

Accuracy.

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

KANKAKEE RIVER AT MOMENCE, ILL.

LOCATION. At the highway bridge in Momence, about one-half mile below the 

Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad bridge.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,340 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 22, 1905, to July 20, 1906; December 3, 1914, to 

September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to the bridge over left channel; read daily, morning 

and evening, to hundredths, by Oscar Conrad.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of the bridge across the two 

channels.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Solid rock; practically permanent; river at gage divided 

into two channels by an island. Aquatic growth covers bed of river during 

summer. Recent measurements show that there has been a change in the discharge relation as expressed by the rating curve used prior to July 20, 1906.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 3.90 feet at 8 a. m. 

July 11 (discharge, 4,640second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.62 feet at4 p. m. 

December 3 (discharge, 474 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice during parts of November, December, and January.

ACCURACY. Results good for periods when discharge was unaffected by ice or aquatic 

growth. Results fair for periods when grass was growing in channel,
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 179

Discharge measurements of Karikakee River at Momence, III., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

n*M* ^

Feb. 18

Mar. 16

Apr. 30

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.62

9 on

2.25

2.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

458

2,880

1,490

1,010

Date.

Apr. 30

July 14

Made byWilliam Kesler. ........

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.00

2.47

3.47

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

972

a 1,610

o3,S90

a Aquatic growth in bed of river.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Karikdkee River at Momence, III., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Day.

1. ..........................

0

4.................-...-.----

7.........-...-.....-.-.-- -

10- ................ ----------

11...........................

19

1^

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22. ....... ...................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Dec.

474

498

510

510

522

534

546

546

570

596

Feb.

2,860

2,860

2,860

2,980

2,860

2,860

2,740

3,850

5,180

2,500

2 son

Mar.

2,280

2,160

2,050

2,050

2,050

2,050

1,940

1,940

1,940

1,940

1,830

1,720

1,620

1.520

1,520

1,420

1,420

1,330

1 330

1,330

1,330

1,240

1,240

1,150

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

990

Apr.

975

945

915

714

635

596

510

462

414

ion

402

450

570

635

749

840

915

Ql f\

cue

990

1 150

1 240

1 *?3ft

1,330

1,240

1,240

1 1 *\ft

1,150

1,070

990

May.

990

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,150

1,150

1,150

1,240

1 240

1,240

1,330

1,520

1,620

9 ^on

2,390

2,280

2 1 fin

2,050

1,720

1,420

1 33n

1 330

1,420

1,420

1,330

1,330

1,720

2

OQA

2,740

June.

2,620

2,620

2,500

2,390

2,280

2.160

2,160

2,050

2,050

2,050

2,050

2,050

2,050

i ssn

1,720

1,720

1,520

1,520

1,420

1,240

1 1 t\n

1,150

1,150

1,070

990

Q15

840

770

July.

990

990

990

990

1,150

1,070

1,150

1,240

1,240

1,420

4,640

4,110

4,110

4,110

4,640

4,110

4,110

3,600

2,980

2

7/m

2,160

1

(V*n

1,720

1,620

1,420

1,330

1 240

1*240

l!420

1,520

1,420

Aug.

1,420

1,420

2,160

2,500

2,390

2,160

1,830

1,420

1,240

1,150

1,070

1,070

1.150

990

1,070

1,240

1,330

1,240

1,150

1,070

1,070

1,240

1,150

1,150

1,620

1,620

1,420

1,330

1

o/m

1,150

1,070

Sept.

990

990

930

930

930

930

990

945

945

870

870

870

812

742

674

812

885

885

960

1,070

1,150

1,150

1,150

1,150

1,150

1,150

1 TU1

1,150

1,150

NOTE. Discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve. Because of backwater caused by grass 

in channel, indirect method for shifting channels was used for computing discharge May 26 to Sept. 30. 

Discharge estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, and climatic records as follows: 

Dec. 13-31,550 second-feet; Jan. 1-15,550second-feet; Jan. 5-31,700 second-feet; and Feb. 1-17,2,500secondfeet. These estimates for the period, when the discharge relation is believed to have been affected by backwater from, iae, are based upon insufficient data and should be used with caution.
180 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PAET V.

Monthly discharge of Kankakee River at Momence, III., for the year ending Sept. 30,1915. 

[Drainage area, 2,340 square miles.]

Month.

February ...............................

April....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,280 

1,330 

2,740 

2,620 

4,640 

2,500 

1,150

Minimum.

990 

390 

990 

770 

990 

990 

674

Mean.

543 

627 

2,730 

1.550 

862 

1,580 

1,700 

2,170 

1,390 

975

Per 

square 

mile.

0.232

.268 

1.17 

.662 

.368 

.675 

.727 

.927 

.594 

.417

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.25 

.31

1.22 

.76 

.41 

.78 

.81 

1.07 

.68 

.47

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

D. 

A 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C.

KANKAKEE RIVER AT OUSTER PARK, ILL.

LOCATION. At Wabash Railroad bridge at Ouster Park; about one-half mile above

Horse Creek and about 15 miles below the power dam at Kankakee. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 4,870 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 6, 1914, to September 30, 1915. 

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, morning and afternoon, to hundredths, by J. H. Swords.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Solid rock strewn with large boulders and gravel; right half

of channel deep with fissures in bed; left half shallow. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year: 12.60 feet at 5.30

p. m. July 11 (discharge, 21,300 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 4.09

feet at 8.20 a. m. November 15 (discharge not determined). 

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice during part of December,.

January, and February.

REGULATION. Operation of power plants at Kankakee cause fluctuation at the gage. 

ACCURACY. Gage readings reliable; records good except during winter.

Discharge measurements of Kankakee River at Ouster Park, III., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Nov. 21

Feb. 24

Apr. 10

May 1

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

7.22

S

CQ

5.57

Discharge.

See.-ft. 

»333

4,150

1 380

1^220

Date.

May 11

July 13

13

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do.... ..............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.74

11.11

10.93

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,350

15,800

15,600

Thin ice cover on river.
UPPEB MISSISSIPPI EIVEB BASIN. 181

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Karikakee River at Ouster Park, III., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1...................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Nov.

567

535

551

526

502

611

551

551

559

250

535

410

250

567

350

330

410

478

502

551

518

567

567

611

611

Dec.

611

611

611

611

611

611

655

655

655

655

655

611

655

Feb.

6,170

5,130

4,150

3,910

3,470

3,070

3,270

3.270

4,150

4,880

4,880

4,390

3,680

Mar.

3,470

3,070

2,880

2,690

2,500

2,500

2,500

2,600

2,310

2,600

2,500

2,400

2,310

1,880

1,960

1,800

1,960

1 «4fi

1,640

1,340

1,340

1,640

1,410

1,560

1,720

1,560

1,410

1,340

1,340

1,480

1,280

Apr.

1,340

1,280

1,340

1,210

1,140

1,080

1,210

1,080

1,140

1,140

1,280

1,480

1,480

1,720

1,560

1,480

1,480

1,410

1,280

1,340

1,280

1,340

1,960

2,220

2,310

2,400

2,040

1,880

1,720

1,480

May.

1,340

1,280

1,480

1,340

1,340

1,340

1,480

1,640

1,480

1,560

1,480

2,310

1,410

1,210

1,280

1,410

2,130

2,880

1,800

1,720

1,560

1,640

1,640

2,130

2,040

2,040

1,800

1,880

2,500

3,680

4,630

June.

5,130

4,880

4,880

5,380

5,130

4,880

4,390

3,680

4,390

3,070

2,880

2,690

2,500

2,500

2,310

2,500

2,130

2 fMft

1,880

1,800

1,720

1,640

1,560

1,560

1,560

1,410

1,410

1,340

1,280

July.

1,480

1,640

1,640

1,640

2,040

1,960

1,800

2,500

2,400

2,880

19,500

19,200

16,000

14,000

16,000

16,400

15,300

16,700

11,600.

10,000

8,480

7,290

6,440

5,640

4,880

5,640

5,900

5,640

5,900

7,290

7,580

Aug.

7,580

8,790

14,000

12,600

10,000

7,880

6,170

5,130

4,390

3,680

3,070

2 880

2,880

2,690

2,880

3,070

4,630

3,910

3,270

3,270

3,910

6,720

6,170

6,440

8,480

7,290

5,900

4,880

3,910

2,690

2,400

Sept.

2,130

1,880

2,130

1,960

1,800

1,800

1,960

1,800

2,220

1,880

2,220

1,880

1,880

2,880

2,600

2,130

1,720

2,130

3,910

4,630

6,170

5,900

5,130

4,390

3,680

o3,920

o4,160

o4,400

4 630

4,630

a Interpolated.

NOTE. Discharge, except as noted below, determined from a fairly well-defined rating curve. Discharge 

estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, and climatic records, as follows: Nov. 17 and 

19-22, daily estimates; Dec. 14-31, 600 second-feet; Jan. 1-15, 600 second-feet: Jan. 16-31. 800 second-feet; 

and Feb. 1-15, 3,000 second-feet. These estimates for the period when the discharge relation is believed 

to have been affected by ice are based upon insufficient data and should be used with caution.

Monthly discharge ofKankdkee River at Ouster Park, III., for the year ending Sept. 30,1915. 

[Drainage area, 4,870 square miles.]

Month.

November 6-30.. . .......................

March........... . . ................

April....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

611

3,470 

2,400 

4,630 

5,380 

19,500 

14,000 

6,170

Minimum.

250

1,280 

1,080 

1,210 

1,280 

1,480 

2,400 

1,720

Mean.

498 

613 

703 

3,550 

2,020 

1,500 

1,850 

2,820 

7,920 

5,530 

3,080

Per 

square 

mile.

0.102 

.126 

.144 

.729 

.415 

.308 

.380 

.579 

1.63 

1.14 

.632

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.09 

.15 

.17 

.76 

.48 

.34 

.44 

.65 

1.88 

1.31 

.71

Accuracy.

C. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

DBS PLAINES RIVER AT LEMONT, ILL.

LOCATION. At concrete highway bridge at Stephens Street, about one-fourth mile 

north of main section of Lemont; about 8 miles above the junction of Des Plaines 

River and the Chicago Drainage Canal

DRAINAGW AREA. 705 square miles.
182 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 4,1914, to September 30,1915.

GAGE. Enamel staff gage attached to bridge; read daily, morning and evening, to 

hundredths, by T. Foley.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Solid rock; aquatic plants cover the bed of the river during 

July, August, and September.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.1 feet at 6.15 p. m, 

May 31, 7 a. m. and 5.30 p. m. June 1, and 7 a. m. June 2 (discharge, 2,490 secondfeet); minimum stage recorded, 0.60 foot November 26 (discharge, 3.9 secondfeet; measured by current meter).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice during parts of December, January, 

and February.

ACCURACY. Aquatic plants in channel affect discharge relation; gage readings reliable; records good except during winter.

Discharge measurements of Des Plaines River at Lemont, III., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Nov. 3

4

26

Feb. 22

no

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. i ^n

1.13

60

3.85

3 on

Discharge.

Sce.-ft. 

o!35

o94

3.9

1,320

Date.

Mar. 3

Apr. 24

July 31

Made by 

.....do.................

C. IT. Freund. .........

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1 37

1.24

5.10

3.25

5.05

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

158

»82.2

2,490

»562

ol,730

o Backwater fr6m aquatic plants.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Des Plaines River at Lemont, III., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1. ..................

2...................

3. ..................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Nov.

88

61

60

84

52

39

30

29

28

27

29

28

24

23

22

20

18

18

17

14

11

10

9

9

7

7

Dec.

9

8

14

15

12

11

9

8

12

15

14

16

15

15

18

14

15

14

14

15

Feb.

1,480

1,320

1,480

1 640

1^720

1,720

1 480

1,320

Mar.

1,250

1,120

1,000

832

673

548

478

414

374

336

355

478

524

524

524

572

572

597

597

572

548

478

435

374

336

inn

266

283

219

219

Apr.

174

160

158

138

138

129

113

102

100

113

111

117

113

153 156'

153

126

117

124

120

104

94

92

84

75

72

68

72

" fifi

56

May.

44

43

50

63

75

75

88

92

90

88

94

83

73

72

58

66

300

597

501

355

318

394

943

943

778

648

887

1,180

1,320

1,900

2.380

June.

2,490

2,490

2,380

2,180

1,900

1,480

1,250

1,120

1,060

943

832

887

1,560

1,900

1,990

1,900

1,810

1,720

1,640

1,480

1,480

1,400

1,180

1,000

832

699

622

524

456

394

July.

348

300

250

204

234

190

190

204

234

266

478

414

355

283

300

355

414

355

300

250

219

190

176

150

150

126

115

115

283

394

597

Aug.

752

752

972

1,520

1,680

1,520

1,220

972

805

597

478

394

355

355

414

456

374

300

266

234

234

219

190

163

150

150

126

104

84

75

63

Sept.

61

58

52

44

43

48

60

126

84

80

138

138

115

104

94

126

176

219

336

394

435

435

394

374

300

300

318

414

524

524

ram, as louows: J-»ec. 21-31,20 seeona-ieet; Jan. 1-31, w seeona-teet; .beo. I-M, i.uuo secona-ieet. estimates for the period when the discharge relation is believed to have been affected by ice are based upon 

insufficient data and should be used with caution.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN". 183

Monthly discharge ofDes Plaines River at Lemont, III., for the year ending Sept. SO, 1915.

 

[Drainage area, 705 square miles.]

Month.

November 4-30.. . .......................

January ................................

March. . ................................

April...................................

May. ...................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

88

1.250 

174 

2,380 

2,490 

597 

1,680 

524

Minimum.

7 

8

219 

56 

43 

394 

115 

63 

43

Mean.

28.6 

15.6 

40.0 

1,150 

522 

113 

471 

1,390 

272 

515 

217

Per 

square 

mile.

0*041 

.022 

.057 

1.63 

.740 

.160 

.668 

1.97 

.386 

.730 

.308

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.04 

.03

.07 

1.70 

.85 

.18 

.77 

2.20 

.45 

.84 

.34

Accuracy.

C. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

C.

DBS PLAINES RIVER AT ROMEO, ILL.

LOCATION. In T. 36 N., R. 10 E., third principal meridian; at highway bridge about 

three-fourths mile west of Romeo, Will County; about 3 miles above the junction 

of Des Plaines River and the Chicago drainage canal.

DRAINAGE AREA. Not measured.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 7 to October 31, 1914, when station was discontinued; re-established November 4,1914, at Lemont, about 5 miles upstream.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to downstream side of the second of four bridges from 

Romeo; read daily, morning and afternoon, to quarter-tenths, by Fred Boehme.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of four bridges.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Four channels; rock bottom; control probably permanent.

EXTREME s OP STAGE . Maximum stage recorded during year, 1.8 feet at 7 a. m. October 

21; minimum stage recorded, 1.35 feet, October 5 to 9.

ACCURACY. Gage readings reliable. Conditions at this station are not favorable, 

and it was therefore discontinued and a new station established at Lemont. (See 

Des Plaines River at Lemont.) 

No discharge measurements made during 1915. 

Data insufficient for estimates of discharge.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Des Plaines River at Romeo, III., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1915.

Day.

1... ..................

2... ..................

3..................... 

4... ..................

5..................... 

6.....................

7...... .............. 

8.....................

9.....................

10.....................

Oct.

1.40

1.40

1.40 

1.40

1.35 

1.35

1.35 

1.35

1.35

1.42

Day.

11.....................

12.....................

13..................... 

14.....................

15..................... 

16.....................

17..................... 

18.....................

19.....................

20.....................

Oct.

1.45

1.45

1.45 

1.46

1.42 

1.40

1.40 

1.41

1.48

1.62

Day.

21.....................

22.....................

23..................... 

24.....................

25..................... 

26.....................

27..................... 

28.....................

29.....................

30..................... 

31.....................

Oct.

1.75

1.75

1.70 

1.62

1.55 

1.50

1.50 

1.50

1.50

"°""i."52

DES PLAINES RIVER AT JOLIET, ILL.

LOCATION. At Jackson Street Bridge, Joliet, Will County, about 1,200 feet upstream

from Cass Street Bridge. 

DRAINAGE AREA. Not measured. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. December 3, 1914, to September 30, 1915; on original chain

gage September 5 to December 19,1914.
184 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PAET V.

GAGE. Gurley seven-day water-stage recorder installed December 3. Chain gage 

attached to downstream side of bridge at Cass Street was read from September 5 

to December 19,1914.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of Cass Street Bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel excavated in solid rock with a concrete wall on 

either side; probably permanent.

EXTREMES OPDISCHARGE. Maximum mean daily dischargeduringyear, 10,980 secondfeet, August 3; minimum mean daily discharge, 5,420 second-feet, April 25.

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation not affected by ice on account of swift current 

and rapidly fluctuating stage.

DIVERSIONS. Water is diverted to the Illinois & Michigan Canal at dam No. 1, about 

100 feet above the gage.

REGULATION. Flow past the gage is largely regulated by the operation of the power 

plant of the sanitary district of Chicago at Lockport, which utilizes the flow of the 

Chicago drainage canal and, to a lesser extent, by the operation of the Economy 

Light & Power Co.'a plant, about 100 feet above the gage.

ACCURACY. Chain-gage readings reliable, but daily discharge obtained from two 

readings per day is in error owing to rapid fluctuations of stage. Estimates of 

discharge obtained by means of water-stage recorder good.

Discharge measurements of Des Plaines River at Joliet, III., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Oct. 29

Nov. 1

4

Feb. 20

20 

20 

21 

22 

22

Made by 

William Kessler. .

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do................. 

.....do................. 

.....do................. 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

04.27

02.48

3.15

3.53 

5.64 

3.49 

4.07 

3.86

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5,970

2,590

6,660

5,640

6,120 

11,000 

5,310 

7,310 

6,800

Date.

Feb. 27

28

28

Mar. 14

14 

14 

15 

June 19 

Aug. 8

Made byWilliam Kessler .......

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do................. 

.....do.................

.....do................. 

Kessler and Freund .... 

William Kessler. .......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.46

2.47

2.52

5.34

1.87 

1.87 

5.29 

5.84 

6.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

10,300

3,970

4,390

9,690

3,190 

3,200 

9,740 

11,400 

12,000

o Referred to chain gage datum at Cass Street.

Discharge measurements of Illinois & Michigan Canal « at Joliet, III., during the year

ending Sept. SO, 1915.

Date.

Oct. 29

Nov. 1 

22

Made byWilliam Kessler. .......

.....do.................

Gage 

height .6

Feet. 

7.92

7.68 

7.75

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

444

358 

"337

Date.

Apr. 24

May 21

Made byWilliam Kessler. .......

.....do.................

Gage 

height. b

Feet. 

7.58

7.55

Discharge.

Sfc.-ft. 

320

386

oSee "Diversions" in station description.

6 Referred to same datum as chain gage on Des Plaines River at Joliet at Cass Street. See "gage" in 

station description. 

cMill drawing water from the canal below station not in operation.
TIPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEB BASIN. 185

Daily gage height, in feet, of Des Plaines River at Joliet, III., for the period Oct. 1 to

Dec. 19, 1914.

[J. S. Staunton, observer.]

Day.

1... .........

0

3............

4............

5............

6............

7............

8............

9............

10............

Oct.

4.8

4.8

3.9

4.5

5.2

4.9

3.8

4.8

4.6

4.4

Nov.

3.4

4

0

3.8

4.2

4.2

4.2

3.7

3.7

4 9

4.4

Dec.

4.6

4.4

4.5

4.3

3.4

3.5

4.6

4.4

4.3

4.3

Day.

11............

19

13............

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

10

20............

Oct.

4.8

4.6

5.4

4.6

5.0

4.7

5.0

4.1

Nov.

4.4

4.0

4.6

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.2

4.3

4.2

4.3

Dec.

4.5

3.4

3.4

4.6

4.7

4.6

4.4

4.8

4.0

Day.

21............

22............

23............

24............

25............

» 

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............ 

31............

Oct.

4.0

4 9

4.3

4.4

4.6

4.4

4.6

4 9

4.2 

3.8

Nov.

3.4

4.3

4.4

4.4

3.2

4.0

3.4

O Q

4.2

Dec.

------

NOTE. Gage heights represent mean of two readings a day of the chain gage at Cass Street Bridge. 

Because of the fluctuations in stage, noted under "Regulation," they do not represent the true mean gage 

height.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Des Plaines River at Joliet, III., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1......... ..........

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11 ................

19

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

10

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

30...................

31...................

Dec.

7,640

7,080

6,600

7.770

7,750

7,440

7,710

8,170

7,220

7.320

&(6)

ft

ft

b

b

b

(»)

7,550

7,580

7.430

ft)

( 6 )

6,130

6,970

7 050

7^840

7,370

Jan.

6,550

7,120

6,510

7,560

7,090

7,290

7,280

7 030

6,500

6,050

7,640

7 sin

7,110

7

anft

7,400

6,870

6,740

7,670

7,870

7,760

7,550

7,630

o7.240

ft) (»)

b

b

b

b

b

6,300

Feb.

7,370

<»7,970

o8,020

7,960

o8,000

«7,250

o6,630

08,000

8,340

8,330

8,240

8,700

8,030

o7,880

S n'ifi

9,480

10,100

9,210

8,970

8,200

8,480

8,700

9,100

9,220

9,400

9,680

8,340

o7,300

Mar.

8,460

8,140

8,140

7,770

7,670

o6,950

o6,780

o7,360

o7,940

7,720

7,490

7,880

7,000

o6,380

7,780

8,300

8,680

8,320

8,150

o8,030

o6,560

o8,300

o8,050

7,700

7,580

o7,860

6,810

o6,640

o7,400

7,250

7,400

Apr.

o7,560

o7,760

6,500

6,220

6,760

6,500

6,800

6,810

6,580

6,100

5,830

6,640

7,230

7,000

6,700

6,900

6,450

5,530

6,600

6,910

6,790

6,740

6,750

6,000

5,420

6,700

6,940

7,140

7,050

6,940

May.

6,600

6,780

7,110

7,000

7,150

7,130

6,960

6,850

6,640

7,310

7,330

7,090

7,080

7,180

6,590

6,710

6,940

7,410

7,800

7,530

6,960

o 7, 140

7,310

7,590

8,040

7,990

7,820

8,180

9,050

8,930

9,660

June.

10,220

10,000

9,950

9,680

8,870

8,520

8,180

8,000

8,580

o8,130

8,200

7,960

8,920

9,390

9,580

9,450

9,320

8,820

9,210

8,820

8,600

8,500

8,640

8,250

8,240

a 8, 310

7,820

7,730

7,580

7,620

July.

o8,230

08,150

o7,550

7,300

6,980

7,240

7.530

ft)

o7,570

7,690

8,220

8,270

7,470

8,200

8,180

8,240

7,340

7,600

7,670

7,920

7,770

7,450

7,000

7,520

6,110

6,730

6,820

7,200

7,640

8,100

8,310

Aug.

7,930

8,480

10,980

10,080

10,110

9,730

9,400

8,920

8,830

8,980

8,650

8,860

8,750

8,060

8,210

8,280

8,500

8,220

8,360

8,770

8,290

8,070

8,700

8,540

8,630

8,700

8,510

7,950

7 ian

8,260

8,580

Sept.

7,940

7 Qfifi

7,910

7,710

7,590

7,850

8,120

8,000

8,190

8,050

8,040

7 Ofift

8,530

S

cnfl

8 440

8,390

8,200

7,450

(»)

(»)

8,080

7,720

(»)

( 6 )

( 6 )

7,840

8,180

8,500

8,210

8,210

a Discharge partly estimated because of incomplete gage height record. 6 No record.

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve by means of the Fuller discharge 

integrator. These estimates do not include the flow in the Illinois & Michigan Canal. (See "Diversions'! in the station description.)
186 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Des Plaines River at Joliet, HI., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1915.

Month.

February. .....................................................

April..........................................................

May. ..........................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

10,100 

8,680 

7,760 

9,660 

10,220 

10, 980

Minimum.

7,250 

6,380 

5,420 

6,590 

7,580 

7,580

Mean.

8,430 

7,630 

6,660 

7,420 

8,700 

8,710

Accuracy.

A. 

A.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. Table does not include flow of the Illinois and Michigan canal, which diverts water around the 

gage. See " Diversions " in station description and measurements/>f flow in the canal made during the year.

FOX RIVER AT SOUTH ELGIN, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 35, T. 41 N., R. 8 E., at highway bridge at South Elgin, Kane 

County; about 400 feet below the power dam of the Murray & Nickell Manufacturing Co., and about 3 miles below the power dam in the city of Elgin.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,500 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 29, 1914, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, morning and afternoon, to quartertenths to March 6, 1915, and to hundredths after that date, by C. H. Molitor.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Solid rock, permanent; aquatic plants cover bed of river 

during summer.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 4.2 feet at 4.30 p. m. 

February 28 (discharge, 4,520 second-feet); minimum open-water stage recorded, 

1.28 feet at 6.55 a. m. January 6 (discharge, 121 second-feet). The minimum during periods when ice was present may have been slightly less.

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation affected by ice during parts of December, January, 

and February.

REGULATION. Operation of the power plants at Elgin and South Elgin cause considerable fluctuation at the gage.

ACCURACY. Gage readings reliable; estimates only fair because the mean gage height 

obtained from two readings of the gage per daymaybeconsiderablyinerrorowing 

to fluctuation of stage. Aquatic plants in the channel during periods of the summer affect the discharge relation.

Discharge measurements of Fox River at South Elgin, III., during the year ending Sept. 30,

1915.

Date.

Mar. 6

May 5

15

20

21

Made byWilliam Kessler. .......

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.70

1.96

1.87

2.09

2.01

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,370

648

583

824

765

Date.

June 19

22

26

Aug. 13

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Kessler and Fountain . .

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.32

3.11

3 17

2.79

2.65

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1 ftQfl

2,160

2,290

1,640

«918

« Aquatic plants in channel.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 187

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Fo$ River at South Elgin, III., for the years ending

Sept. 30, 1914-1915.

Day.

1914. 

1...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

10...........

July. Aug.

160

276

324

366

166

70

136

178

53

90

Sept

64

76

108

121

130

218

308

246

225

211

Day.

1914. 

11...........

12...........

13

14...........

15...........

16...........

17...........

18...........

19...........

20...........

July. Aug.

357

154

103

VI

37

35

41

73

45

35

Sept.

218

190

211

232

239

218

253

292

276

357

Day.

1914. 

21...........

22...........

23...........

24...........

25...........

26...........

27...........

28...........

29...........

30...........

31...........

July.

375

260

178

Aug.

61

47

AK

79

82

73

121

108

90

94

76

Sept.

510

616

497

464

CQQ

7ftQ

71 Q

678

688

688

Day.

1914-15. 

1..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

91

22..............

OQ

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

657

626

626

616

606

510

510

519

384

410

375

375

375

384

375

375

392

357

445

538

668

678

772

825

880

935

772

825

935

935

935

Nov.

935

935

880

935

880

825

678

647

657

558

538

482

501

340

292

276

253

225

232

276

246

225

232

253

225

260

246

246

246

276

Dec.

268

276

276

232

253

276

276

253

260

308

268

253

204

184

Jan.

130

178

184

178

136

166

178

190

184

246

375

284

324

308

34ft

171%

34ft

004

292

Feb.

1,040

990

597

548

606

825

538

410

772

880

1,220

2,340

2,080

2,340

1,760

1,830

1,680

1,760

1,830

1,990

2 OKA

2,340

2 73TI

3,580

3,810

4,040

3,810

4^280

Mar.

3,810

3,810

3,580

3,580

3,810

3,360

3,140

2,830

2,830

2,730

2,530

2,250

2,160

2,250

1,990

1,990

2,160

2,080

1,910

1,680

1,760

1,760

l',760

1,760

1,680

1,610

1,540

1 480

1,340

1,480

Apr.

1,340

1,280

1,220

1,280

1.280

1,410

1,220

1,160

1,100

1,040

880

825

825

880

880

935

825

880

825

719

825

772

779

678

647

597

501

384

436

392

May.

349

392

436

427

284

260

340

268

284

319

292

197

253

284

308

349

401

357

418

657

626

825

825

1,040

1,100

1,220

1,410

1,680

1,910

1,910

June.

1,910

1,990

1,990

1,990

1,990

,910

,910

,910

,830

,830

2,160

1,990

1,990

1,990

1,990

1,990

1,910

1,910

1,830

1,910

1,990

1,830

1,760

1,610

1,540

1,480

1,340

1,340

1,220

1,160

July.

1,100

880

880

772

779

719

719

772

772

719

^772

668

616

668

668

567

AAK

410

510

482

436

384

284

332

418

375

427

K1Q

418

473

Aug.

567

567

668

567

616

567

519

616

616

519

519

567

567

519

668

719

779

668

668

616

616

616

616

567

616

567

427

384

filQ

616

668

Sept.

47"?

366

473

300

410

519

519

473

519

473

410

519

668

410

519

825

1 040

1,160

1,540

1,610

1,680

1,760

1 QQn

1,990

1,990

2,250

2,160

2,250

9 34ft

2,340

NOTE. Discharge, except as noted, determined from rating curve well defined above and poorly defined 

below 519 second-feet. Indirect method for shifting channel used because of backwater from aquatic plants, 

July 29 to Sept. 30,1914, and July 1 to Sept. 30,1915. Discharge estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, 

observer notes, and climatic records, as follows: Dec. 15-31.230 second-feet; Jan. 1-5,300 second-feet; Jan. 

25-31,350 second-feet. Daily discharge for January and February in the above table may be somewhat 

high on account of using open-water rating.
188 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PAET V.

Monthly discharge of Fox River, at South Elgin, III. ,for the years ending Sept. 30,. 1914-15. 

[Drainage area, 1,500 square mlies.j

Month.

1914.

1914-15.

December. ..............................

April........ ...........................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

366 

719

935 

935

4,280 

3,810 

1,410 

1,910 

2,160 

1,100 

772 

2,340

4,280

Minimum.

35 

64

357 

225

130 

410 

1,340 

384 

197 

1,160 

284 

384 

300

130

Mean.

117 

346

601 

460 

242 

280 

1,890 

2,350 

894 

643 

1,810 

593 

591 

1,130

948

Per 

square 

mile.

0.078 

.231

.401 

.307 

.161 

.187 

1.26 

1.57 

.596 

.429 

1.21 

.395 

.394 

.753

.632

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.09 

.26

.46 

.34 

.19 

.22 

1.31 

1.81 

.67 

.49 

1.35 

.46 

.45 

.84

8.59

Accuracy.

C. 

C.

C. 

C. 

D 

D 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C.

FOX RIVER AT AURORA, ILL.

LOCATION. In T. 38 N., R. 8 E., at the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway bridge in 

the southern part of Aurora, Kane County, about 1J miles below the power dam 

in Aurora.

DRAINAGE AREA. Not measured.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 29 to October 30,1914, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, morning and afternoon, to quartertenths by Ralph Williams.

DISCHARGE MEASTJEEMENTS. Made from foot-walk on downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Probably permanent; measuring section rough.

REGULATION. Operation of the power plants in Aurora causes fluctuations at the

ACCURACY. Gage readings reliable. Mean gage height obtained from two readings

a day may be in error owing to fluctuation of the stage. 

Data insufficient for estimates of discharge.

Daily gage height, in feet of Fox River at Aurora, III., for the period Oct. 1 to 30, 1914.

Day.

1.. ...................

2.....................

3.....................

4.....................

5.....................

6.....................

7..................... 

8.....................

9..................... 

10.....................

Oct.

1.86

1.82

1.82

1.72

1.79

1.82

1.78 

1.74

1.70 

1.68

Day.

11.....................

12.....................

13.....................

14.....................

15.....................

16.....................

17.....................

10

19..................... 

20.....................

Oct.

1.60

1.75

1.65

1.68

1.62

1.71

1.78

1 70

1.80 

1.84

Day.

21.. ...... ....:.. ......

22.....................

23.....................

24.....................

25.....................

26.....................

27..................... 

28.....................

29.....................

30.....................

31.....................

Oct.

1.91

1.92

1.96

2.02

2.09

2.24

2.12 

2.05

2.14 

2.11

FOX RIVER AT WEDRON, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 9, T. 34 N., R. 4 E., at highway bridge at Wedron, La Salle County,

about 1,000 feet above Buck Creek. 

DKAINAGE AREA. 2,500 square miles.
TIPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASIN. 189

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 5, 1914, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, morning and afternoon, to hundredths, by Nelson Mathias.

DISCHARGE MEASTTKEMENTS . Made from upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed of river at measuring section is soft and probably 

shifts; control, about 1,000 feet downstream, is of coarse gravel and large boulders 

and is practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.00 feet at 

4 p. m. February 5 and 6 a. m. June 13 (discharge, 6,450 second-feet); minimum 

stage recorded, 5.62 feet in afternoon of November 20 (discharge, 105 secondfeet; by current meter measurement).

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation seriously affected by ice during parts of December, January, and February.

REGULATION. Fluctuations in stage during low water caused by power plant at 

Montgomery.

ACCURACY. Gage readings reliable ^estimates good except during winter.

Discharge measurements of Fox River at Wedron, III., during theyear ending Sept. 30,1915.

Date.

Nov. 5

20 

Feb. 17

Mar. 1

May 10

Made by 

Peterson and Kessler . . .

.....do.-.:.............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.81

5.62 

8.46

9.07

6.15

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,030

«105 

2,960

4,140

476

Date.

May 22

June 21 

21 July 2

Made by 

William Kessler. .......

.....do----.............. 

.....do- ..............

.....do.. ................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.64

8.57 

8.55

7.16

7.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,890

3,100 

3,100

1,310

1,320

» Partial ice cover at gage and at control.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Fox River at Wedron, HI., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1915.

Day.

2.....................

3.....................

4......................

5.....................

6......................

7......................

8......................

9......................

10.....................

11.....................

12.....................

1s

14.....................

15.....................

16......................

17.....................

18.....................

19.....................

20......................

21.....................

22.....................

23.....................

24......................

25.....................

26.....................

27.....................

28......................

29.....................

30.....................

31.....................

Nov.

1,000

910

OAK

01 n

*77ft

QEE

oon

778

AQ4

770

616

*77

694

AQ4

fieri

 inn

*\5n

438

505

479

654

K41

406

^ft3

541

KftK

Dec.

577

654

616

616

438

541

541

fiKA

fiKA

616

C77

K77

Jan.

654

fiKA

694

694

fiQ4

778

865

1 140

QCK

fi(M

Feb.

4,190

3,380

2,570

2,570

6,450

5,120

3

0QA

3,030

2,870

2,430

3

QQTI

4,410

4,880

6,170

6,170

3

QOA

2 Q7rt

2 79ft

2,570

2

K7n

2 43ft

2,570

3

QOA

5,120

4 640

3,980

3 77ft

3 77ft

Mar.

4,190

4,190

4 ion

3,980

3,770

S

QQrt

3

0OA

2

Q7n

2

Q7n

2

7OA

2,570

2,430

2 4Qft

2,430

2 4Qft

2

qn/\

2 ^?nn

2 n en

2,170

2 ACT*

1,930'

i Q3n

1,810

1,810

1,640

1 ftdn

1,540

Apr.

1,490

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,090

1,140

1 140

1,090

1,090

1 idn

1 040

I

ion

1,140

1 040

Oil

910

865

865

1,090

955 1 nofl

910

865

735

654

694

654

616

438

May.

577

472

577

694

778

694

654

616

472

438

479

505

479

505

616

OAK

865

755

735

1,440

1,810

1 3Qfl

1 190

1^390

1,810

1,810

1,640

2,720

4 190

3,380

June.

2,870

2,720

2,570

2,570

2 430

2,170

2

Qflf|

2 300

2,170

2,050

2 ^?nn

3

QQA

6

d.cn

4 640

S oon

3,770

3,380

3,570

3,380

3,200

2,870

2 -lQfi

2,170

2,050

1,930

1,700

1,700

July.

1,440

1,340

1,240

1,190

1,140

1,000 1 94n

1 9Qfl

1,340

1,190

2

qnn

3,380

2 1 7ft

1 fidft

1 Q9ft

1 CWft

1 4Qft

1,290

1,090

1,140

1,040

955

910

OfiE

Qin

1,190

1,090

1,140

2,170

5,120

3,570

Aug.

3 77fl

2,430

5,370

5,630

4 1 on

3,200

2 79fi

2

QAA

1 930

1,930

1 640

1 540

I

AQfl

1,540

1 700

1 700

2' 570

2

QAn

1,810

i tin

1,490

1,340

1,240 1 94ft

1,040

1 ftftft

955

865

820

955

Sept.

820

820

820

778

735

70 c

oon

o«c

1,040 i non

i n4n

1 'QEE 190

I 040

1 9dn

1 240

l'390

1,590

i c«n

2,050

2,050

2,170

2,170

2,300

2,430

3,570

3,570

3,380

NOTE. Discharge, except as noted, determined from a rating curve well defined above and poorly 

denned below 375 second-feet. Discharge estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, 

and climatic records, as follows: Nov. 19-21, daily estimates; Dec. 13-31, 400 second-feet; Jan. 1-9, 550 

second-feet; Jan. 20-31,650 second-feet.
190 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART1 V.

Monthly discharge of Fox River at Wedron, III., for the year ending Sept. 30,1915. 

[Drainage area, 2,500 square miles.J

Month.

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,000

1,140

6,450 

4,190 

1,490 

4,190 

6,450 

5,120 

5,630 

3,570 

V

Minimum.

2,430 

1,540 

438 

438 

1,540 

865 

820 

735

Mean.

654 

473 

664 

3,760 

2,630 

1,010 

1,130 

2,880 

1,600 

2,040 

1,630

Per 

square 

mile.

0.262 

.189 

.266 

1.50 

1.05 

.404 

.452 

1.15 

.640 

.816 

.652

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.25 

.22 

.31 

1.56 

1.2V 

.45 

.52 

. 1.28 

.74 

.94 

.73

Accuracy.

B. 

D. 

D. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

VERMILION RIVER NEAR STREATOR, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 1, T. 30 N., E. 3 E., third principal meridian, at highway bridge

known as Bridge No. 3, about 1£ miles south of Streator, La Salle County, about

'100 feet below the Santa Fe Railway bridge. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,080 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 27,1914, to September 30, 1915. 

GAGE. Chain gage attached to highway bridge; read daily, morning and afternoon,

by Michael Cipola.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel consists of gravel and rocks. Control consists of

coarse gravel. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 18.35 feet at 3.30

p. m. August 3 (discharge, 12,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.52

foot October 1 to 7; discharge, 1.3 second-feet.

1914-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 18.35 feet at 3.30 p. m. August 3, 1915

(discharge, 12,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.45 foot, August 16

and 17,1914; discharge, 0.7 second-foot). 

WINTER FLOW. Ice may affect the discharge relation during parts of December,

January, and February. 

ACCURACY. Records fair, except for periods in which discharge relation was affected

by ice.

Discharge measurements of Vermilion River near Streator, III., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Date.

Feb. 17

May 10 

10

22

Made by 

William Kessler. .......

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.57

.90 

90

1.39

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

310

15.4 

15.4

58.2

Date.

May 22

Aug. 7

QrtTvf OK

Made by 

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.39

6.47

5

1 O

Discharge.'

Sec.-ft. 

58.5

1,870 

1,210
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN, 191

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Vermilion River near Streator, III., for the years ending 

September SO, 1914 and 1915.

1 

Day. July.

1914. 

1.. .......... ......

2............ ......

3............ ......

4............ ......

6............ ......

6........ ... ......

7...... ...... ......

8............ ......

9

10............ ......

Day.

1914-15. 

1.. .................

2...................

3...................

5...................

6.... ...............

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Aug.

1 0

1.0

1 0

1 0

1.0

1 0

1.0

1 0

9

1.0

Sept. Day. July. Aug.

1914. 

1.0 11............ ...... 1.0

3.8 12............ ...... .9

1.8 13............ ...... .9

1.3 14............ ...... 1.0

1.0 15............ ...... .8

1.8 16............ ...... .7

1.6 17............ ...... .7

1.3 18............ ...... .9

1.3 19............ ...... .9

1.3 20............ ...... .9

Oct.

1.3 

1.3 

1.3 

1.3 

1.3

1.3 

1.3

2.5 

2.5 

3.8

3.0 

3.0 

2.5 

4.1 

3.0

4.1 

3.0 

2.5 

2.5

2.5

2.5 

2.8 

Q n

3.8 

3.8

3.6 

4.1 

4.1 

3.8 

3.8

3

0

Nov.

4.7 

4.7 

4.7 

4.9 

5.2

4.9 

5.2 

3.8 

4.1 

4.9

5.6 

5.2 

5.2 

5.2 

5.2

5.2 

5.2

6.0 

5.2 

5.2

5.2

Feb.

1,350 

2,510 

1,210 

930 

3,720

1,910 

1,350 

1.130 

930 

891

783 

818 

588 

620 

495

434 

360 

278 

216 

182

156 

133 

193 

332 

419

434 

360 

.265

Mar.

204 

171 

133 

105 

86

100 

80 

64

85 

88

86 

83 

85 

85 

80

72 

64 

59 

60 

54

50 

46 

50 

35 

35

25 

23 

24 

26 

24 

23

Apr.

21

20 

18 

17 

17

15 

14 

14 

18 

16

17 

30 

68 

150 

127

129 

72

55 

64 

60

51 

46 

41 

41 

40,

38 

40 

41 

43 

34

Sept.

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

28 

3.6

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

May.

29 

27

39 

28 

26

24 

23 

23 

23 

17

14 

16 

20 

21 

22

30

11 

6.5 

88 

80

119

62 

45 

47 

47

 65 

83 

526 

749 

716 

652

Day.

1914. 

21............

22............

23............

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............

31............

June.

526 

434 

526 

1,500 

1,300

1,050 

818 

620 

495 

375

291 

328 

193 

150 

121

98 

86 

77 

62 

59

47 

59 

18 

2.2 

1.9

1.9 

3.0

20 

20 

18

July.

1.0 

1.0

.9 

.9 

.9

July.

26 

21 

16 

26 

54

193 

216 

252 

216 

216

495 

749 

716 

620

557

684 

684 

557 

419 

304

216 

171 

150 

140 

119

96 

105 

137 

304 

684 

1,500

Aug.

.9 

1.0 

2.5 

1.0 

1.0

1.0 

1.0 

2.2 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0

Aug.

i

3

\

\\

\,

1, 

2, 

1,

1, 

1,

410

640 

340 

400 

560

450 

800 

450 

170 

930

749 

652 

557 

464 

291

419 

360 

620 

930 

930

050 

130 

450 

390 

910

600 

250 

930 

818 

684 

557

Sept.

1.3 

1.8 

1.3 

1.3 

1.3

1.3 

1.3 

1.3 

1.3 

1.3

Sept.

464 

375 

318 

252 

252

419 

375 

318 

390 

495

854 

1,850 

2,330 

1,750 

1,350

1,700 

1,650 

1,550 

3,340 

3,060

2,710 

2,210 

1,800 

1,450 

1,210

1,050 

1,300 

1,700 

1,700 

1,550

NOTE. Discharge, except as noted below, determined from fairly well defined rating curve. Dischargestimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, and climatic records as follows: Nov. 18-26 

5 second-feet; Dec. 16-31, 2 second-feet; and Jan. 1-31, 4 second-feet. Gage not read Dec. 1-15, 1914 

discharge estimated, by comparison with records of stream flow in adjacent drainage basins, at 6 second-; 

feet.
192 SUBFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1915, PAET V.

Monthly discharge of Vermilion River near Streator, III., for the years ending Sept. SO,

1914 and 1915.

[Drainage area, 1,080 square miles.]

Month.

1914.

September ..............................

1914-15.

March............................. .....

May.....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2.5 

28

4.1 

6.0

3,720 

204 

150 

749 

1,500 

1,500 

9,340 

3,340

9,340

Minimum.

0.7 

1.0

1.3

3.8

133 

23 

14 

6.5 

1.9 

16 

291 

252

1.3

Mean.

1.04 

2.39

2.81 

5.02 

4 

4 

821 

71.1 

45.2 

118 

307 

343 

1,770 

1,330

398

Per 

square 

mile.

0.0010 

.0022

.0026 

.0046 

.0037 

.0037 

.760 

.066 

.042 

.109 

.284 

.318 

1.64 

1.23

.369

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.001 

.002

.003 

.005 

.004 

.004 

.79 

.08 

.05 

.13 

.32 

.37 

1.89 

1.37

5.02

Accuracy.

C. 

C.

B. 

C.

B. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

B.

SPOON RIVER AT SEVILLE, ILL.

LOCATION. In, sec. 24, T. 6 N., R. 1 E. fourth principal meridian, at the Toledo,

Peoria & Western Railway bridge at Seville, Fulton County, about a quarter of a

mile east of the railway station at Seville. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,600 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 24, 1914, to September 30, 1915. 

GAGE. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, in the morning, by

Raymond Hooper prior to May 1, and by A. E. Meyers beginning May 1. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge; low-water

measurements are made by wading below the dam at the railroad station. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Control is a loose-rock dam about 2 miles downstream from

gage, used to create a reservoir for the pumping station of the Toledo, Peoria &

Western Railway. 

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 23.1 feet at 7.15 a. m.

February 3 (ice gorged at control); minimum* stage recorded, 2.02 feet at 6.45

a. m. November 19.

1914-1915: Maximum stage recorded, 23.1 feet at 7.15 a. m. February 3, 1915 

' (ice gorged at control); minimum stage recorded, 1.35 feet July 31, August 28 and

29, 1914. 

WINTER PLOW. Ice may affect discharge relation during parts of December, January,

and February. 

DIVERSIONS. Water pumped from reservoir at the pumping station of the Toledo,

Peoria & Western Railway; amount not known. 

ACCURACY. Gage readings reliable.

Data insufficient for estimates of discharge.
TJPPEE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 193

Discharge measurements of Spoon River at Seville, III., during the year ending Sept. 30,

1915.

[Made by William Kessler.J

Date.

Mar. 20.............................................................................

3.............................................................................

Sept. 20.............................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.40

5.72

5.69

8.39

Discharge.

See.-ft. 

210

1,150

1,130

2,650

Daily gage height, in feet, of Spoon River at Seville, III., for the year ending Sept. 30,1915.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14. .............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

99

9^t

94

25..............

26..............

97

28..............

29..............

Oft

9.1

Oct.

2.28

2.22

2.20

2.12

2 in

9 1ft

9 1ft

2.09

2.20

2.88

2.85

3.8

3.2

2.92

2 Q9

2.82

3.1

2.88

2.9

2.85

2.80

9 fi£

2.60

2.55

2.45

2.38

2

0ft

9 ^ft

2.22

2 9ft

2.18

Nov.

2.18

2.15

2.15

2.15

2.12

9 19

2 19

2.10

2.08

2.08

2.05

9 r»K

2 (\t>

2.05

2

f|K

9 C\t\

2.05

2.05

2.02

2.05

2.08

2 AC

2.08

2.08

2.08

2.15

2 IK

9 IK

2.15

9 Oft

Dec.

2.25

9 9^

2.28

2.28

2.28

2.28

9 9fi

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.28

9 9ft

2.25

2.02

2 22

2.15

9 19

2.15

2.15

2 15

2.22

2.20

2.18

2.18

2.20

2.20

9 99

9 99

2.28

9 9K

2.28

Jan.

2.32

2.32

2.30

2.32

2.32

2.32

2.60

2.80

2.80

2.90

2.90

2.88

2.78

2.78

2.82

16.5

17.6

14.8

12.3

9.1

7.4

4.8

6.6

6.4

6.1

5.9

5.7

5.4

Feb.

16.1

20.5

23.1

21.2

20.9

20.4

19.3

17.0

16.6

11.7

8.9

8.9

9.2

9.3

7 9

5.7

5.1

4.8

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.4

5.3

6.6

5.6

5.2

4.1

4.4

Mar.

4.25

4.0

3,9

3.8

3.9

<? 7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.65

3.6

3.6

3.55

<? K

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.25

3.2

3.15

3.1

3.0

Apr.

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.05

3.05

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.05

3.05

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.88

2.93

2.98

3.05

3.05

2.98

2.63

2.73

2.68

2.68

May.

2.58

2.58

2.73

2.68

2.72

2.84

2.57

3.2

2.64

2.67

2.67

2.58

2.77

2.67

2.55

9 49

2.62

2.55

2.82

2.37

3.4

3.45

2.72

2.96

3.65

5.5

6.0

5.3

8.6

13.0

12.0

June.

12.8

5.7

5.6

5.1

4.7

4.5

4.4

4.1

3.15

3.9

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.65

3.9

3.7

3.85

3.9

3.15

3.9

3.75

3.55

3.5

3.3

9.2

3.45

3.7

3.5

3.4

July.

3.6

6.8

4.7

3.7

3.55

3.4

3.6

5.8

5.4

5.9

9.4

8.4

5.4

'8.0 4.3

10.8

5.7

5.3

5.7

5.4

5.4

5.0

4.2

4.4

4.2

3.9

3.8

3.4

5.6

10.0

12.8

Aug.

12.6

12.6

16.0

14.0

12.0

9.9

9.2

7.8

7.0

6.5

6.8

5.2

4.9

4.5

4.2

6.6

5.6

4.7

4.3

3.9

4.2

4.0

3.9

3.7

3.7

3.5

3.5

3.35

3.3

3.0

3.0

Sept.

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.5

3.1

9.9

4.8

4.8

4.3

NOTE. Discharge relation probably affected by ice about Dec. 15 to Feb. 9. 

SANGAMON RIVER AT MONTICELLO, ILL.

LOCATION. In the northeastern part of T. 18 N., R. 5 E. third principal meridian,

at the Illinois Central Railroad bridge, about half a mile west of Monticello, Platt

County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 550 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 4,1908, to October 1,1912; October 31 to December

31, 1912; June 23, 1914, to September 30, 1915. 

GAGE. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, in the morning, by David

Coay.

47878° WSP 405 17 13
194 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1915, PART

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge and wooden 

trestle approach.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Measuring section is at a pool; control consists of fine gravel; 

shifts during extreme high water. Soundings taken August 4,1914, indicate that 

there would be no flow if the water surface at the gage were to fall to a stage of 1.4 

feet.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE Maximum stage recorded during year, 13.65 feet at 9 a. m. 

August 1 (discharge, 4,940 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.6 feet October 

1 to 3 and 5 to 9 (discharge, 2 second-feet.

Maximum stage recorded during periods covered by records, 15.2 feet May 14 

1908 (discharge, 9,280 second-feet); maximum stage during flood of March-April, 

1913,17.7 feet, March 25 (discharge not known); minimum stage recorded during 

periods of records, 1.5 feet July 31, August 1, and 3, 1914 (discharge, 1 secondfoot).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation may be affected by ice during parts of December, 

January, and February.

ACCURACY. Results fair except for periods in which discharge relation was affected 

by ice.

Discharge measurements of Sangamon River at Monticello, III., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

[Made by William Kessler.]

Date.

Mar. 18.............................................................................

18.............................................................................

Aug. 3.............................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.07

3.07

12.26

12.21

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

74.1

o66.3

3,060

3,060

o Measurement made at highway bridge above station.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sangamon River at Monticello, III., for the years ending

Sept. 30, 1914 and 1915.

Day.

1914. 

1.. .................

2. ..................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

June. July.

18

17

16

15

14

14

13

12

12

11

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

7.8

Aug.

1.0

1.0

1.0

2.4

3.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2 ft

1.5

2.0

2.0

Sept.

7.0

6.0

6.0

8.5

11

21

17

17

14

9.5

7.8

6.0

Day.

1914. 

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

97

28...................

OQ

30....--.-.-.........

31. ....... ...........

June.

25

OK

22

22

22

20

17

17

July.

7.0

6.3

5.5

4.8

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

. 2.0

1.0

Aug.

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

14

6.0

6.0

6.0

8.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

Sept.

6.0

6.0

5.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

2.0

> 2.0

2.0

2.0

2,0

2.0

2.0

2.0
TJPPEE MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASIN. 195

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sangamon River at Monticello, III., for the years ending 

Sept. SO, 1914 and 1915 Continued.

Day.

1914-15. 

1..............

2.. ............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12. .............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

94

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

OQ

30.............. 0-1 "

Oct.

2

2

2-

2

2

2

2

3

3

3

7

6

6

6

10

8

7

6

6

6

5

4

4

4

4

4

4

Nov.

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

5

5

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

7

8

Dec.

8

8

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

10

10

.......

Jan.

8

8

8

7

8

8

8

8

8

8,

Feb.

807

1,100

862

1,040

1,220

980

936

891

473

422

322

258

226

218

210

210

165

140

119

100

96

91

129

388

562

422

322

258

Mar.

165

140

119

119

119

119

119

109

100

100

100

91

86

82

82

73

73

73

65

67

69

65

65

59

59

54

51

48

45

43

Apr.

41

39

38

36

34

33

33

33

33

36

78

119

226

152

119

100

86

76

65

63

61

146

140

152

152

152

134

119

91

78

May.

65

65

65

55

55

53

57

53

53

53

43

38

33

30

28

26

oo

22

21

20

20

20

38

55

55

42

55

194

322

442

562

June.

508 OEO

OQft

258

91 ft

175

140

120

100

09

82

65

64

63

53

50

OO

36

30

50

69

49

38

30

24

22

116

210

140

86

July.

60

19Q

70

98

194

82 i^d

- S71

242

 tO A

366

599

371

258

165

165

cno

000

158

109

86

82

4O

At)

91

100

129

104

758

1,040

Augv

4 860

4,030

2,720

1, 860

1,220

807

580

526

526

a>?fi

354

ocfi

01 ft

165

2,640

1,260

526

562

3,200

2 Qnn

2,200

2,020

1,960

1,220

1,010

715

«rto

490

405

Sept.

ooo

OQA

242

01 ft

179

91 A

422

405

OQfi

226

226

4^fi

405

OQA

91ft

ooo

814

1 OQA

1,810

1,810

1,520

1,160 007

618

4QA

47Q

456

dOO

388

NOTE. Discharge determined from a fairly well defined rating curve. Discharge interpolated for Sundays from June 23,1914, to July 31,1915, and July 16-18,1914, Apr. 8, June 8, Aug. 2,29, and Sept. 18,1915. 

because gage was not read. Discharge estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, and 

climatic records, as follows: Dece. 15-31,1914, and Jan. 1-6,1915,6 second-feet; Jan. 16-31,8 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Sangamon River at Monticello, III., for the years ending Sept. 30,

1914 and 1915.

[Drainage area, 550 square miles.]

Month.

1914. 

July.. ................ . ..-....-...-..

September ..............................

1914-15. 

October

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

18 

14 

21

10 

8 

11

1,220 

194 

226

562 

508 

1,040 

4,860 

1,810

4,860

Minimum.

1.0 

1.0 

2.0

2 

4

9i 

43 

33 

20 

22 

42 

165 

179

2

Mean.

7.95 

3.58 

6.53

4.4 

5.5 

8.0 

7.6 

463 

88.8 

88.8 

85.9 

115 

229 

1,410 

566

255

Per 

square 

mile.

0.014 

.0065 

.012

.0080 

.010 

.015 

.014 

.842 

.161 

.161 

.156 

.209 

.416 

2.56 

1.03

.464

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.02 

.007 

.01

.009 

.01 

.02 

.02 

.88 

.19 

.18 

.18 

.23 

.48 

2.95 

1.15

6.30

Accuracy

C. 

C. 

C.

C. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.
196 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PAET V.

SANGAMON RIVER AT RIVERTON, ILL.

LOCATION. In the southeast corner of the SW. i sec. 9, T. 16 N., R. 4 W. third principal 

meridian, at Wabash Railroad bridge about a quarter of a< roile west of Riverton, 

Sangamon County, and about 2J miles below the mouth of South Fork.

DBAJNAGE AREA. 2,560 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 13, 1908, to December 31, 1912; August 7, 1914, to 

September 30,1915.

GAGE. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, in the morning, by J. H. 

Steele. I

DISCHAEGE MEASUEEMENTS. Made from downstream side of three-span bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTEOL. Measuring section is at a pool; shifts slightly; discharge 

measurements indicate that the control, which consists of compact gravel, is permanent. Point of zero flow was determined by leveling August 5,1914, to be at 

gage height 6.6 feet.

EXTEEMES OP DISCHAEGE. Maximun stage recorded during year, 26.85 feet at 7.30 

a. m. August 24 (discharge, 18,600 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 6.9 feet 

October 3 to 15 (discharge, 3 second-feet).

1908-1912, 1914-15: Maximun stage recorded, 27.1 feet October 1, 1911 (discharge, 19,200 second-feet); high water of 1883 reached a height of approximately 

32 feet on the present gage; and that of 1875 is said to have been one-half foot 

lower (discharge not estimated); minimum stage recorded, 6.9 feet, October 3 to 

15,1915 (discharge, 3 second-feet).

WINTEE PLOW. Ice may affect the discharge relation during short periods of extremely 

cold weather.

ACCURACY. Records good except for extreme low stages and for periods during 

December and January, when the discharge relation may have been affected by 

ice.

Discharge measurements of Sangamon River at Riverton, III., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

[Made by William Kessler.]

Date.

Mar. 22... ...........................................................................

July 24..............................................................................

Aug. 3.... ..........................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.66

10.53

16.09

15.95

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

252

754

3,210

3,130

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sangamon River at Riverton, III., for the years ending

Sept. 80, 1914 and 1915.

Day.

1914. 

1. .............

2. .............

3...............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

Aug.

16

16

13

13

Sept.

HI

51

112

151

151

112

94n

359 *)M\

112

Day.

1914. 

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

Aug.

20

20

13

29

24

20

20

20

so

39

Sept.

112

112

78

61

39

29

29

29

39

39

Day.

1914. 

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

9Q

on

31..............

Aug.

29

29

29

29

24

20

20

20

39

78

51

Sept.

39

39

39

29

29

13

8

5

5

5
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEB, BASIN. 197

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofSangamon River at Riverton, III., for the years ending 

Sept. 30, 1914 and 1915 Continued.

Day.

1914-15. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7.... ..........

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16.:............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

5

5

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

8

29

13

10

8

5

8

20

20

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

Nov.

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

10

6

8

8

8

20

9fl

13

13 to

13

13

11

13

11

16

20

20

20

20

1O

20

Dec.

20

20

20

11

20

29

34

39

OQ

51

51

51

51

34

OQ

29

29

9Q

90

9Q

OQ

29

29

20

9fl

13

5

8

5

20

39

Jan.

45

131

1Q4

172

172

172

434

486

4fifl

434

542

384

359

1^ z

311

287

287

9OQ

287

240

. 194

Q4

Q4

112

39

58

78

64

112

Feb.

2,160

4,490

6,340

6,010

6 14O

7,180

6,560

5,160

3 Q4ft

2,650

2 nsn

1,620

1,200

1,020

Q9l~l

856

760

634

634

572

460

460

665

Q9n

1,350

1,280

1,280

1,200

Mar.

1,060

888

696

603

603

542

uo

513

434

359

409

384

384

iin

311

323

111

263

263

263

240

94ft

94ft

94ft

217

194

172

151

151

Apr.

151

131

112

112

112

112

112

172

263

111

287

217

1O4

263

287

240

240

217

194

172

603

542

513

728

824

792

760 4«n

May.

335

335

335

311

287

240

1,200

1,390

728

460

4DQ

359

287

287

04.0

217

194

172

151

217

240

263

OCQ

287

335

5,330

8,940

10,300

in tuifi

10JOO

10,200

June.

9,100

8,010

6,340

4,760

3,490

2,380

1,960

1,580

1,280

1,100

1,020

4,620

5,420

5,070

3 onn

2,920

1,870 i un

1,240

1,620

1,710

3,840

4,130

3 4Qft

2 R4H

1,750

1,130

888

TQO

Q**

July.

1,280

1,240

1,130

824

760

760

955

1 >v4n

2,100

I Qfifl

4,010

S QftA

6,930

7,450

7 tan

6,120

4 QQft

3 QCA

3,090

2 91ft

1,580

1,170

955

824

665

665

359

(ton

792

696

1,500

Aug.

1,620

2,320

3 0*0

3

onn

2

QOA

2,870

3,040

3,200

3

OOA

3

4Qft

S Oftfi

1,830 i ion

955

004

6S6

1,020

728

728

1,020

6,220

19 Ofifl

16,700

18,500

18 Iftfl

16,000

13,500

11,700

10 onA

9 100

7,450

Sept.

4,990

2,980

2

AKA

1,660

2,000

1,920

1,240

1,310

1,280

1,170

1,200

1,420

1,390

1,280

1,130

1,200

1,170

1,280

1,540

1,710

1,790

2,100

2 9fifl

2 OKA

2,210

2,210

1,920

1,540

1,310

1,170

NOTE. Discharge determined from a rating curve well defined between 10 and 4,400 second-feet. Discharge Jan. 28, May 16, and Aug. 13 interpolated. Observer reported "Gage read to top of ice" on Jan. 

23, 24, 26, and 27. Estimates for the last half of December and for January may be somewhat too large 

because of the assumption that the open-water rating was applicable.

Monthly discharge of Sangamon River at Riverton, III., for the years ending Sept. SO,

1914 and 1915.

[Drainage area, 2,560 square miles.]

Month.

1914. 

August 7-31. . ...........................

September. .............................

1914-15. 

October. ................................

July.....................................

August... . ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

78 

359

29 

20 

51 

542 

7,180 

1,060 

824 

10,700 

9,100 

7,450 

18,500 

4,990

18,500

Minimum.

13 

5

3 

6 

5 

39 

460 

151 

112 

151 

792 

359 

696 

1,130

3

Mean.

26.8 

78.2

7.29 

12.6 

27.5 

232 

2,450 

383 

313 

2,120 

3,010 

2,410 

5,910 

1,760

1,550

Per 

square 

mile.

0.010 

.031

.0029 

.0049 

.011 

.091 

.957 

.150 

.122 

.828 

1.18 

.941 

2.31 

.688

.605

Kun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.009 

.03

.003 

.005 

.01 

.10 

1.00 

.17 

.14 

.95 

1.32 

1.08 

2.66 

.77

8.21

Accuracy.

B. 

B.

c.-

C. 

C. 

D. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A.
198 SURFACE WAO!ER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

SANGAMON RIVER NEAR OAKFORD, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 6, T. 19 N., R. 7 W. third principal meridian, at highway bridge 

3 miles northeast of Oakford, Menard County, 2J miles above the Chicago, Peoria

6 St. Louis Railway bridge, and 1J miles above the mouth of Crane Creek. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 5,000 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 26, 1909, to June 30, 1911; December 10, 1911, to

March 31,1912; and August 25,1914, to September 30,1915. 

GAGE. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; read daily in the morning by J. M.

Weaver to December 31, and daily in the morning and afternoon by Andrew

Peterson after March 19.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Probably shifting; the river for some distance above and

below the station has been dredged and straightened, thus increasing the slope

considerably and disturbing the regimen of the river. Conditions along the

improved section are probably reverting to their former state. 

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 17.8 feet at 6 a. m. and

7 p. m. August 27; minimum stage recorded, Oil foot December 21, 22, 24, 25,

and 31. 

Maximum stage recorded during period of records, 20.6 feet October 4, 1911

(discharge, 26,300 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.1 foot, December 21,

22, 24, 25, and 31,1914 (discharge not determined). 

WINTER PLOW. Discharge relation may be affected by ice during parts of December,

January, and February. 

ACCURACY Backwater caused by ice jams or drift lodging at railroad bridge 2J miles

below gage may at times affect discharge relation.

Data insufficient for estimates of discharge.

Discharge measurements of Sangamon River near Oakford, III., during tfie year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

[Made by William Kessler.]

Date.

Mar. 19.............................................................................

19..............................................................................

height.

Feet. 

2.35

2.35

14.87

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

673

663

14,400
UPPER MISSISSIPPI BIVER BASIN. 199

Daily gage height, in feet, ofSangamon River near Oakford, III., far the year ending Sept.

SO, 1915.

Day.

1...................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

T..... ..............

8....... ............

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Oct.

1.2'

1.0

1.0

.9

.8

1.0

.9

.9

.9

.9

g

.8

.8

Nov.

0.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.7

.8

Dec.

0.8

.7

.8

.8

g

.9

1.0

.1

.1

.1

2

.1

Mar.

2 4

2

0

2 9

2 9

2 9

2 9

2 1

2 o

1.95

1 Q

1.9

1.85

Apr.

1.85

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.75

1.7

1.65

1.8

2.3

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

2

0

2 9

2 1

2.6

2 A

2 ft

9 q

2 4

2.5

2

C

2 7

2

0

2

0

2 7

May.

2 A

2.2

2.1

2.4

2 9

2.0

2 1

2

0

3 7

3 A

2.6

2

0

2 9

2 9

2 1

1 Q

1 7K

1.65

1.55

1.5

1.75

1

QC

1 ft

1 ft

1 9

8 0

U q

19 7

14.4

15.8

15.9

June.

15.6

14.9

13.8

11.8 in ft

Q rt

7.6

7.0

A 9

5.4

5.4

c Q

8.0

8.4

8 1

7.6

6.8

5

0

5.2

5.4

5.7

fi. 9

7 9

7.6

7.4

c o

5.0

4.4

4.1

3 0

July.

4.0

A 1

4.2

4.0

3

0

3.5

3.6

4.2

5.1

5.6

8 Q

10 9

11.0 10 9

in R

n

o

U Q

W o

9 0

7.4

6 9

c q

4.7

4.1

3

0

4 9

4 Q

4.7

4.6

4.8

7.7

Aug.

9 K

10.0

11.4

12.4

to 9

11.5

10.0

8.6

8.4

8.5

8

1

7

Q

6.7

5 4

4.9

4.5

5

4

5.6

4

O

4

9

9

Q

19 Q

19. 7

15.0

16.4

17.4

17 8

17.6

17 q

16.1

15.0

Sept.

11 S

 to 9

9

K

79

/ / 

5.8

5.6

5.4

5.7

/ / 

7.4

Q rt

6

Q

Q d

12.5

11.6

11.8

U Q

10.6

11.0

10.7 in 9

Q 4

Q 9

7.8

7.6

7.2

6.7

6.4

SOUTH FORK OF SANGAMON RIVER NEAR TAYLORVILLE, ILL.

LOCATION In sec. 8, T. 12 N., B. 2 W., at the Wabash Bailroad bridge about 3J 

miles southwest of Taylorville, Christian County, 111.; about one-fourth mile 

upstream from the highway bridge known as the Half Acre Bridge.

DRAINAGE AREA. 427 square miles.

BECORDS AVAILABLE February 11, 1908, to September 30, 1912; November 1 to 

December 31,1912; August 8, 1914, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, in the morning, by Louis 

Seelbach. On September 2, 1909, gage datum was lowered 2 feet. The gage 

heights to August 10,1909, refer to old datum; those from August 11 to September 

1, 1909, are of no value because of backwater from a construction dam built and 

used during that period. Gage heights from September 2,1909, to December 31, 

1912, refer to new datum. On August 8, 1914, the datum was changed by an 

unknown amount, all bench marks being destroyed during construction of a new 

concrete and steel-plate girder bridge. Gage heights subsequent to August 8, 

1914, refer to the datum used in reestablishing the gage on that date.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. In August, 1909, a drainage ditch was dug along the 

river in the vicinity of the station, which straightened the course of the stream, 

but coincided with the original channel at the gaging section. Though the cross 

section of the channel at the measuring section was not chaijiged, the discharge 

relation was considerably affected by the change in slope. Subsequent to 1912 

a new bridge was built, and since then the discharge relation has again changed. 

The change is probably permanent; section is in a pool; control probably shifts 

slightly during floods. A determination by soundings August 8, 1914, indicates 

that there would be no flow past the gage if the river were to fall to 0.35 foot±0.1 

foot by the present gage.
200 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded! during year, 14.82 feet,at, 6 a. m. 

August 22; minimum stage recorded, 0.56 foot, at 7 a. m. October 6.

WINTER PLOW. Ice may affect the discharge relation during parts of December, January, and February.

ACCURACY. Gage-height record reliable. During the summer of-1915 a new highway 

bridge about one-fourth mile below gage was in course of construction, and the 

discharge relation may have been affected by backwater.

Data insufficient for estimating discharge.

Discharge measurements of South Fork of Sangamon River near Tayloroille, III., during 

the year ending Sept. 30,1915.

[Made by William Kessler.]

Date.

Mar. 23.............................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.93

9.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

29.0

1,500

Daily gage height, in feet, of South Fork of Sangamon River near Tayloroille, III., for the

year ending Sept. 30,1915.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23.............

24.........'...

25..............

26..............

37..............

28..............

28..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

0.58

.59

.59

.59

.58

.56

.57

.58

.73

.73

.70

.70

.69

.68

.67

.81

.80

.80

.88

.75

.75

.74

.71

.68

.65

.64

.64

.64

.64

.65 

.66

Nov.

0.68

.68

.69

.70

.71

.72

.73

.85

.84

.84

.86

.90

.92

.92

.90

.86

.85

.85

.85

.85

.87

.87

.88

.90

.90

.90

.89

.89

Dec.

0.90

.91

.95

.95

.99

.97

.96

1.01

1.07

1.04

1.04

1.03

1.03

.98

.90

.88

.86

.87

.88

.90

.90

.88

.86

.87

.85

.78

.76

.78

1.32

2.6 

2.7

Jan.

3.8

2.8

2.35

1.67

1.36

1.35

3.9

5.0

5.2

4.4

3.4

2.8

2.3

2.1

1.92

1.92

2.4

2.9

3.0

2.15

1.74

1 tf

1.49

1.29

1.28

1 01

1.25

1.26

1.21

*> *>

Feb.

9.0

11.0

11.2

10.4

9.7

9.4

8.8

7 t

5.5

4.0

3.9

3.4

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.0

2.9

2.6

2.5

2.3

2.15

2.1

3.2

K q

6.2

5.4

o 7

.......

Mar.

3.4

3.2

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.8

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.6

2.45

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.1

2.05

2.0

2.05

2.05

1.99

1.96

1.90

1.85

1.82

1.79

1.68

1.66

1.64 

1.60

Apr.

1.55

1.52

1.50

1.48

1.47

1.48

1.52

1.52

1.54

1.66

2.2

2.5

2.7

2.3

2.1

1.93

1.71

1.58

1.52

1.51

1.52

1.60

4.5

5.0

6.1

5.6

4.6

3.6

2.9

1.84

May.

1.62

1.44

1.90

2.3

2.2

2.15

2.25

4.0

3.5

3.2

2.45

2.25

1.96

1.78

1.88

1.91

1.95

1.76

1.52

1.66

2.15

4.2

3.5

3.1

3.0

7.0

11.6

12.0

11.3

10.8 

10.2

June.

9.6

8.9

8.1

6.7

5.8

5.0

4.5

4.3

4.0

3.7

8.6

9.4

9.7

8.8

7.4

5.8

4.7

4.3

4.0

5.3

8.8

9.0

9.2

8.0

6.8

4.9

4.0

4.2

5.3

7.1

July.

6.6

5.7

5.0

4.5

5.3

5.8

5.3

6.3

7.7

7.5

9.2

10.3

11.0

10.8

10.2

9.5

9.0

7.7

6.2

5.3

4.7

4.4

4.0

3.7

3.4

3.4

4.3

4.2

4.0

3.7 

4.0

Aug.

4.3

4.5

6.5

6.6

6.8

5.8

4.5

3.3

3.2

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.9

3.5

3.2

4.1

4.3

11.8

14.8

14.1

12.8

11.5

10.7

9.9

9.0

8.0

7.1 

6.8

Sept.

6.2

5.4

4.9

4.4

4.1

4.1

3.8

3.8

4.1

3.9

3.6

3.5

3.5

3 A

3.3

3.4

3.1

3.8

5.5

5.5

5.0

5.7

 5.0

4.3

4.2

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.7

3.5

NOTE. See "Accuracy" in station description.

KASKASKIA RIVER AT SHELBYVILLE, ILL.

LOCATION. Between sees. 8 and 17, T. 11 N., R. 4 E. third principal meridian, at 

highway bridge at the eastern edge of Shelbyville, Shelby County, a short distance 

above the Chicago & Eastern Illinois and Big Four railroad bridge.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,030 square miles.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 201

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 25, 1908, to September 30, 1912; November 1 to December 31, 1912; and August 11 to December 5, 1914, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, in the afternoon, to 

tenths.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Measuring section at a pool; bed shifts. Discharge measurements indicate that control shifts slightly during extreme floods.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during periods of records, 25.8 

feet May 8, 1908 (discharge, 10,600 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 4.7 

feet, October 4 to 7, 1914 (discharge, approximately 0.2 second-foot).

WINTER FLOW. Ice may affect the discharge relation during parts of December, January, and February.

ACCURACY. Results for 1914 not considered better than fair, because sufficient discharge measurements have not been made to determine the rating curve 

definitely.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofKaslaskia River at Shelbymlle, III., for the period Aug.

10 to Dec. 5, 1914.

Day.

1.. ...............

2.................

3.................

4.................

5.................

6.................

7.................

8.................

9.................

10.................

11.................

12.................

13.................

14.................

15.................

Aug.

n n

nn

35

oo

19

4 *

Sept.

V*<?n

35

35

68

774

dfi9

110

68

50

V*

22

99

99

19

Oct.

O K

.5

1.5

4

C

4

C

1 *

1 *

1.5

1.5

Nov.

19

19

12

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

Dec.

22

22

22

OO

99

Day.

16.................

17.................

18.................

19.................

20.................

91

22.................

23.................

24.................

25.................

26.................

27.................

28.................

29.................

30.................

31.................

Aug.

1.5

1.5

1.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

1.5

50

50

50

50

Sept.

12

124.5-

4 H

4 H

1 H

1 H

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

Oct.

1.5

1.5

1.5

4.5

4.5

4

C

4

K

4. *

d. ^

4

c

4.5

4 >^

i *.

12

12

12

Nov.

12

12

12

19

12

19

12

12

12

19

22

22

99

22

22

Dec.

NOTE. Discharge determined from a rating curve which is not well defined.

Monthly discharge ofKasTcaskia River at Shelbyville, III., for the period Aug. 10 to Nov. SO,

1914. 

[Drainage area, 1,030 square miles.]

Month.

August 10-31. . ..........................

November ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

50 

774 

12 

22

Minimum.

0.5 

.5 

.2 

12

Mean.

15.2 

61.0 

3.38 

13.7

Per

square 

mile.

0.015 

.059 

.0033 

.013

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.01 

.07 

.004 

.01

Accuracy.

pppp

KASKA.SKIA RIVER AT VANDALIA, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 16, T. 6 N., R. 1 E. third principal meridian, at highway bridge 

at the east end of Main street, Vandalia, Fayette County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,980 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 26, 1908, to October 4, 1912; November 1 to December 31, 1912; August 11, 1914, to September 30, 1915.

GAGE . Standard chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, in the afternoon, to tenths.
202 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Measuring section is at a pool; bed is somewhat shifting.-

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 22.2 feet at 1 p. m. 

May 27; minimum stage recorded, 0.70 foot October 5, 7, and 8.

Maximum stage recorded during periods of records, 22.2 feet at 1 p. m. May 27, 

1915; the flood of 1875 is said to have reached a stage of 22.8 feet; minimum stage 

recorded, 0.38 foot August 12,1914.

WINTER FLOW. Ice may affect the discharge relation during parts of December, 

January, and February.

ACCURACY. Gage-height record is reliable. On May 27, 1915, the levee which prevents the river from overflowing the adjoining low lands broke above and below 

the gage. Sufficient data have not been obtained to determine the effect of these 

breaks upon the discharge relation during flood stages.

Discharge measurements of Kaskaskia, River at Vandalia, III., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

[Made by William Kessler.]

Date.

"May S»... ................................................................ .^. .......

SL...... ........................................................................

 ».

Feet. 

15.56

19.24

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5,400

9,910

Daily gage height, in feet, of Kaskaskm River at Vandalia, III., for the year ending Sept.

SO, 1915.

Day.

1..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

19

11

14..............

15..............

16..............

17.............. 

18.............. 10

20..............

21..............

99

23..............

24.............. 

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............. 

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

0.75

.75

.72

.70

.72

.72 .-70

.70

4.2

4.8

4.2

3.1

2.48

I

flO

1.45

1.52

2.6 

2.2

1.78

1.52

 1.42

1.25

1.20 

1.18

1.08

1.00

1.00

1.00 

1.02

.98

Nov.

1.00

1.02

1.02

1.07

1.05

1.02

1 00

1.25

1.45

1.48

1.50

1.45

1 49

1.38

1.35

1.32

1.25

1.22

1.18

1.15

1.12

1.12

1.15

1.18 

1.15

1.18

1.18

1 19

1.12 

1.15

Dec.

1.20

1.22

1.25

1.30

1.52

1.55

1.62

1.62

1.60

1.72

1.65

1.58

1.60

1.52

1.40

1.32

1.25 

1.28

1.30

1.30

1.28

1.25

1.18

1.15 

1.10

1.08

1.02

1.05

1.55

2.85

2.6

Jan.

2.55

2.5

2.05

1.95

1.72

1.70

2.85

3.8

4.0

2.8

2.55

2

Qfl

2.15

2.10

2.05

"4.2

4.2

3.35

3.6

2

QA

2.10 "i'ss"

9 in

2 H9

1 95

1.72 

1.95

3.5

Feb.

14.0

16.3

18.6

17.3

16.8

16.4

15.5

7.8

6.9

6.6

6

O

6.0

6.0

5.8

5.6

5.2

4.4

4.2

4.0

4.0

3.8

12.8

15.4 

11.6

8.2

7.4

6.7

.......

Mar.

6.1

5.6

5.2

5.0

5.2

5.3

5.2

4.8

4.6

4.6

4.4

4.4

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8 

3.6

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.45

3.4

3.3 

3.2

3.5 3 n

2 0

2.7 

2.7

2.7

Apr.

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.55

2.55

2.55

2.5

2.6

2.65

2.8

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.55

2.48 

2.32

2.28

2.20

2.12

2.5

7.2

6.5 

5.2

4.1

3.5

3

1

2.9 

2.8

May.

2.7

2.5

5.0

5.1

4.1

3.4

3.55

4.7

3.8

3.6

3.05

2.95

2.7 

2.42

2.20

10.4

12.0

7.0

5.0

4.6

4.2

14.7

22.2

21.2

20.1 

20.3

19.3

June.

18.2

16.9

15.6

14.9

13.1

11.0

9.4

8.1

7.2

6.5

.4

10.2

8.6

IQ Q

9.4

6.1

5.4 

5.1

4.6

4.4

14.5

16.1

14.1

7.1 

5.2

4.8

4.5

5.4

12.7 

13.9

July.

10.8

6.0

4.9

4.5

4.8

4.5

3.7

11.9

14.7

10.9

14.6

16.6

17.6

17.4

15.2

10.3

8.7 

8.7

7.6

7.5

6.5

5.6

5.1

4.7 

4.4

4.4

3.9

4.1

4.9 

5.5

4.8

Aug.

4.9

7.9

14.9

15.5

15.1

11.4

9

Q

8.4

8.6

9.8

8.5

6.8

5 O

6.3

6.0

10.5 

13.7

13.4

13.2

22.1

21.0

19.3

18.4 

17.7

17.2

16.7

16.0

15.9

13.5

Sept.

12.0

O 1

8.6

7.4

6.6

6.0

6.0

6.2

6.0

6.0

5 0

5

0

4 9

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.3 

4.1 4.7

6.8

6.6

6.4

6.2

6.0 

5.5

5.6

5.4

5.2

5.0

4.8

NOTE. Gage read to top of ice Jan. 8, 9, and 23-28. Ice gorge below gage Feb. 1. Discharge relation 

affected by ice about Dec. 16 to Feb. 1.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 203

KASKASKIA RIVER AT CARLYLE, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 19, T. 2 N., R. 2 W. third principal meridian, at the Baltimore 

& Ohio Southwestern Railroad bridge about one-fourth mile east of Carlyle, 

Clinton County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,680 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 2,1908, to September 30,1912; November 1 to December 31, 1912; August 13, 1914, to September 30, 1915, when station waa 

discontinued.

GAGE. Standard chain gage attached to upstream side of bridge; read daily, in the 

morning, by A. J. Marchain.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. May shift slightly during extreme floods. A determination by soundings on August 13,1914, indicates that there would be no flow past 

the gage if the river were to fall to 3.7 feet ±0.3 foot, referred to gage datum.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 30.75 feet at 2.30 

p. m. August 24 (discharge, approximately 20,000 second-feet); minimum stage 

recorded, 5.32 feet at 7.30 a. m. October 8 (discharge, 55 second-feet).

Maximum stage recorded during periods of records, 30.75 feet at 2.30 p. m. 

August 24,1915 (discharge, approximately 20,000 second-feet). The flood of 1882, 

which is the highest known, is said to have reached a height of about 32.5 feet 

referred to the present gage (discharge not estimated). Minimum stage recorded, 

5.4 feet, October 14 to 16, 1909 (discharge, 23 second-feet).

WINTER PLOW. Ice may affect the discharge relation during parts of December, 

January, and February.

DIVERSIONS. A dam 3J feet high, about 700 feet above the gaging section, is used

' to store water for the city of Carlyle. The average amount pumped is about

3,500,000 gallons every 30 days, and during June, July, and August about 4,500,000

gallons every 30 days. The outfalls of one section of the city sewerage system

and some private sewers are above the section, so that the diversion is negligible.

ACCURACY. Results good.

Discharge measurements of Kaskaskia.River at Carlyle, III., during the year ending Sept.

30, 1915.

[Made by William Kessler.]

Date.

May 25........................

25........................

height.-

Feet. 

11.96

12.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,610

*,900

Date.

Sept.17... .....................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

22.00

8.76

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6,830

690

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kaslaslia River at Carlyle, III., for the years ending

Sept. SO, 1914-1915.

Bay.

1914. 

1. .............

2..............

3. .............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

Aug. Sept.

121

112

93

147

147

132

125

1.890

3.200

2,850

Day.

1914. 

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

Aug.

88

80

tsn

206

99

91

80

67

Sept.

1,680

855

491

331

280

270

188

172

147

132

Day.

1914. 

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. q-i

Aug.

53

55

62

67

82

147

780

855

399

197

155

Sept,

121

105

99

95

91

91

88

84

80

74
204 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kaskaskia River at Carlyle, III., for the years ending 

Sept. 30, 1914-1915 Continued.

Day.

1914-15. 

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

T.. ............

8..............

Q

10. .............

11..............

19

10

15...........---

16..............

17..............

18..........-.--

1Q

20..............

21..............

23........--.-.-

94

OK

26..............

eyrr

28.. ............

29..............

30..............

91

Oct.

70

67

64

62

60

58

56

55

80

755

2,400

2,820

1,950

780

353

310

583

537

HI 4

353

242

180

147

118

105

99

Q1

04

84

82

80

Nov.

77

74

72

70

67

64

62

74

197

242

180

125

108

99

91

84

82

80

77

79

70

67

64

62

60

CO

58

58

60

Dec.

62

64

70

74

80

84

91

99

108

115

112

108

118

115

95

88

80

74

79

79

72

74

77

74

74

74

79

112

OKf

118

oon

Jan.

755

680

514

353

260

197

251

830

1,170

930

755

655

491

399

353

331

930

1,590

1 1t\T\

855

Tn<\

606

468

3QQ

353

QCD

97ft

oofl

97fi

Oeq

1 9QO

Feb.

3,480

4,730

5,490

7,930

8,650

8, 650

9,400

8,350

7,650

6,810

6,010

5,120

3,160

2,460

1,740

1,530

1,350

1,200

non

880

R3f<

1,020

3,410

4,820

6,140

7,230

4,570

Mar.

3,480

2,430

1,710

1,560

1,290

1,170

1,170

1,230

1,140

1,080

990

880

830

780

7Oft

705

680

606

fiOfi

583

560

cq7

537

K14

491

468

44^

422

OQQ

399

376

Apr.

353

353

331

331

310

310

310

300

290

310

300

290

310

353

353

353

331

331

Of ft

300

oon

270

990

1,440

1,470

1,410

1 9^fi

830

399

May.

310

270

537

830

960

730

680

855

880

805

630

514

445

422

399

606

399

468

290

880

2,790

3,720

3,640

2 fi4O

1 ^00

1,920

3

QQA

4,430

% 7WI

10,900

12,100

June.

12,100

11,500

10,600

9,550

8,650

7,930

7,230

6,670

5,750

2,880

2,340

1,860

2,130

2,400

2,700

3,100

2 1fifl

1,410

1,050 QOA

1,920

4,500

5

OCf|

5,880

5,240

3

*7Ofl

2

een

3,600

4,130

July.

4,500

4,650

3,160

2,340

1,890

1,530

1,470

1,440

2,670

3,520

3,800

4,000

4,240

4,650

4,820

5,240

5,620

5,750

6,010

5,240

4,500

2,700

1,890

1,110

QOA

oqn

OQfi

1,110

1.380

1 Rftft

Aug.

2,160

2,580

3,720

3,960

4,180

4,240

4,300

4,000

3,560

2,640

2,550

2,490

2,490

2,100

2,550

2,820

2,760

3,800

4,360

5,360

9,250

19,100

19 900

18^500

14,600

13,200

11,800

10,800

9,700

Sept.

8,950

8,210

7,650

6,950

4,910

3,840

2,670

1,770

1,500

1,380

1,290

1,170

1,140

1,020

880

805

705

630

583

583

990

1,350

1,290

1,230

1,140

1,110

1,050

960

905

855

NOTE. Discharge determined from a rating curve fairly well defined below 8,000 second-feet; open-water 

curve applied throughout the year. Discharge Jan. 25 to Feb. 1 may, therefore, be somewhat large owing 

to presence of ice on river.

Monthly discharge of Kaskaskia River at Carlyle, 111., for the years ending Sept. 30, 1914

and 1915.

[Drainage area, 2,680 square miles.]

Month.

1914.

1914-15.

March ..................................

April........ .......... .................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

855 

3,200

2,820 

242 

280 

1,590 

9,400 

3,840 

1,470 

12, 100 

12, 100 

6,010 

19,900 

8,950

19,900

Minimum.

53

74

55 

58 

62 

197 

830 

376 

270 

270 

930 

830 

2,100 

583

55

Mean.

197

476

427 

89.8 

98.7 

613 

4,490 

941 

502 

2,110 

4,800 

3,140 

7,260 

2,250

2,210

Per 

Square 

mile.

0.074

.178

.159 

.034 

.037 

.229 

1.68 

.351 

.187 

.787 

1.79 

1.17 

2.71 

.840

.825

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.05 

.20

.18 

.04 

.04 

.26 

1.75 

.40 

.21 

.91 

2.00 

1.35 

3.12 

.94

11.20

Accuracy.

B. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI KIVER BASIN. 205 

KASKASKIA RIVER AT NEW ATHENS, ILL.

LOCATION. In the W. J NE. J sec. T. 2 S., E. 7 W. third principal meridian, at the 

Illinois Central Bailroad Bridge, about 600 feet north of the railroad station at 

New Athens, St. Clair County, about 1 mile below the mouth of Silver Creek 

and 3 miles above the mouth of Lively Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 5,220 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 23,1907, to September 30,1912; October 30 to December 31, 1912; June 22, 1914, to September 30, 1915. A record of river heights 

from January 23, 1907, to October 28, 1909, was kept by C. J. von Both Roffy for 

the New Athens Journal. The river height was taken on Wednesday and Thursday mornings of each week, that for Thursday being published Friday with the 

change in 24 hours as obtained from the river height of Wednesday. This record 

was kept up for the information of farmers living on the west side of the river who 

were cut off from reaching town when the river reached a height of 30 feet. The 

record is authentic. The gage heights have been reduced to the present datum, 

the maximum error probably not being over 0.4 foot and decreasing as the stage 

increases.

GAGE. Standard chain gage attached to the bridge, installed November 1, 1909; 

read daily at noon by Henry Hoffmann.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream lower chord of bridge and from 

 concrete trestle approach.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Probably permanent.

EXTREMES OF STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 35.7 feet at noon August 

26 (discharge, 63,100 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.35 feet October 7 

and 8 (discharge, 133 second-feet).

Maximum stage recorded during periods of records, 35.7 feet at noon August 26, 

1915 (discharge, 63,100 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.08 feet August 

10, 1914 (discharge, 102 second-feet).

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation may be slightly affected by ice during parts of 

December, January, and February.

ACCURACY. Results fair. Discharge relation is affected by backwater from Mississippi River when the stage at Chester reaches a gage height of approximately 

19 feet. Prior to 1915 no discharge measurements had been made at New Athens 

when the stage on the Mississippi River as indicated by the United States Weather 

Bureau gage readings at Chester, 111., was high enough to cause backwater at 

New Athens. In 1915 ten measurements were made during May, June, and September when there was considerable backwater at New Athens due to high 

water in the Mississippi River. From these measurements and the gage readings 

at New Athens and Chester estimates of daily discharge for periods when the 

Mississippi River caused backwater at New Athens have been computed by 

the slope method described in Water-Supply Paper 345, page 53.

Published estimates of discharge for the following periods may be considerably 

too large, depending on the amount of the backwater effect produced at New 

Athens: 1907, January 21-28; June 14-18; July 19 to August 3. 1908, May 17 to 

July 23. 1909, March 14; April 21 to May 1; May 11-17; June 12 to July 27. 

1910, May 10-13; June 12-15. 1912, March 22 to May 11; June 19-22.
206 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY,, 1915,, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Kaskaskia River at New Athens, III., during the, year ending

Sept. 30, 1915. 

[Made by William Kessler.]

Day.

Mar. 30........

May 24........

24........

30........

30. .......

Gage 

height.

Feet.

18.34

18.41

21.81

21.91

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

673

8.880

8,110

012,500

al2,900

Day.

6..........

7. .........

7.. ........

7..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

25.00

24.71

24.55

23.95

23.82

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

o20,400

o20.200

ol8.900

017,200

o!7, 100

Day.

11........

Sept. 18........

Gage

Feet. 

22.52

21.57

8.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

013.400

olO,900

ol,100

o Backwater from Mississippi River when this measurement was made. (See "Accuracy," in station 

description.)

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofKaskaskia River at New Athens, III., for the years ending

Sept..SO, 1914 and 1915.

Day.

1914. 

1. .............

2.............

3.............

4.............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

Day.

1914-15. 

1.... ..........

2..............

3.............

4..............

5.'... ..........

6..............

7... ....... ..

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

?!.... ..........

22..............

23..............

24.............

25..............

26..............

27............ .

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct

17

15

1 ^

14

14

14

13

13.

4 43

i,m

7,60*

6.781

5,23

2

QC/

?,.90(

4,61

3 46(

2' 701

1,94

1,fl(J<

SCM

6?,

52

4?

35f

3(V

28

?4

22

22

J

=?

1

1

*

1

1

1

1

)

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

I

}

>,

I

une.

Nov

W-ttV

18

17

17

17

17

M

68,

68,

74

57

5?,

44

37

3(V

?,6

24

W

?,(V

18

17

17

17

17

17

15.

15

15

15

J

^

t

?, ?

*

i

i

i

I

t

t

^

j

uly.

204

196

187

187

17Q

187

187

171

171

171

163

171

163

155

I4n

Dec

15

15

17

2?,

4?,

47(

37

9R

916

24

24

24

24

24

?4

?4

24

?,?,

J

71

1

*

?.

}

^ug.

1?,0

113

113

108

102

232

1 CC

107

14f)

Jan

3.20f

3JOf

2,30t

1,60(

1 28(

2,50(

3,5R<

3,58f

3,63

3.30T

2,5 

1,fin(

I

Ofif

1 VX

2j03f

2

CCf

3, 00(

2,8f*

1.98T

1 24( '

£

1

)

1

1

)

1

)

1

1

1

1

)

)

)

)

1

)

)

5ept.

600

521

W1

fi97

A97

1 400

1^520

2,160

2 A(\n

3,900

4 430

3^410

2 ADA

1,200

oon

Feb.

10,800

13,500

15. 700

22,000

24,100

24,100

24,100

23,400

24 400

22^000

20,300

17,900

10,100

10,200

10,600

10,700

16....

17....

18....

19....

20....

21 . . . .

22....

23...1

24....

25....

26....

27....

28....

9O

30....

31....

Mar.

9,800

8,760

6,670

3,620

2,290

1,890

2,300

2,160

2,120

2,030

1,800

1,640

1,560

1,440

1,280

1,160

1,100

1,060

1,020

1,020

955

920

890

860

830

800

770

740

711

683

655

Day.

1914.

Apr.

627

600

573

573

573

547

521

521

521

521

573

573

655

740

920

990

920

860

830

683

521

521

683

2,030

2,800

2,210

1,600

1.130

860

 May.

740

683

683

573

1,360

1,800

1,640

1,680

2,300

2,450

1,720

1,240

920

860

711

o656

600

627

573

1,680

3,850

5,720

7,100

8,510

7,680

6,620

8,610

10,600

11,900

12,600

13.800

June.

683

600

547

470

470

445

373

293

232

June.

15,000

16,800

19,300

20,800

20,500

19,500

17,300

15,400

13,400

12,100

11,000

9,980

8,150

5,850

4,810

5,080

5,300

3,830

3,140

5.860

7 800

8*410

9,350

10,400

11,100

11,200

24,300

26,100

July.

140

140

133

126

120

120

120

120

120

126

140

133

126

126

120

120

July.

23,100

19,600

17,000

14,900

13,100

10,300

7,250

7,050

8,020

8,100

8,500-

8.930

8,670

8,500

8,520

8,430

8,330

7,740

7,190

7,330

7,400

6,990

5,990

4,140

3,290

2,990

2,920

2,820

2,760

2,480

3.300

Aug.

ol61

o!83

204

196

171

155

148

140

196

171

1,200

683

990

1,680

1,280

800

Aug.

3,900

4,490

6,140

6,690

7,100

7,310

6,510

5,590

5,040

4,730

4,060

3,740

3,560

3,720

3,880

3,410

3,930

6 940

9' 020

14,500

31,700

53,100

58,600

62,400

63,100

60,600

56,900

52,000

47,500

42.000

Sept.

1,800

1,440

1.360

990

683

573

495

. 350

282

251

999

213

OAJ,

IQft

Sept.

35,800

29,600

94 4nn

20,600

17,500

15,100

12,700

10,600

7 260

3^960

2,700

2,210

1,360

1,270

1,120

OfiS

1,000

1,100

1,010

968

1,120

1,420

1,280

1,080

979

1

OOA

1,400

1,150

«Interpolated.

NOTE. Discharge, except as noted below, determined from a rating curve fairly well defined below 

12,400 second-feet. Discharge Feb. 26 to Mar. 6, May 29 to Aug. 22, and Sept. 13-30, computed by the 

slope method because of backwater from the Mississippi River (see "Accuracy," instation description). 

Discharge estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, and climatic records as follows: 

Dec. 20-31, 64Q second-feet; Jan. 23-31, 1,100 second-feet. Discharge Feb. 13-24, when gage was not read 

estimated by comparison with flow at Carlyle, at 4,300 second-feet.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 207

Monthly discharge of Kaskaskia River at New Athens, III., for the years ending Sept. SO,

1914 and 1915.

[Drainage area, 5,220 square miles.]

Month.

1914. 

July.....................................

1914-15. 

October....................!......,.....

November. .............................

December. ..............................

January.. . ............................ .

February. ..............................

March ...

April................................ . May.....................................

July.....................................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1

4

204 

680 

430

7,600 

740

24,400

I 

13 

26 

23 

63 

35

63

800 

800 

800 

100 

100 

100 

800

100

Minimum.

120 

102 

179

133 

155 

155

655 

470 

573 

3,140 

2,480 

3,410 

965

133

Mean.

150 

332 

" 1,190

1,830 

282 

405 

2,050 

12,000 

2,050 

872 

3,890 

12,000 

8,250 

22,200 

6,780

6,020

Per 

square 

mile.

0.029 

.064 

.228

.351

.054 

.078 

.393 

2.30 

.393 

.167 

.745 

2.30 

1.58 

4.25 

1.30

1.15

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.03 

.07 

.25

.40 

.06 

.09 

.45 

2.40 

.45 

.19 

.86 

2.57 

1.82 

4.90 

1.45

15.64

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

B.

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

SHOAL CREEK NEAR BREESE, ILL.

LOCATION. In the southwest corner o: the NW. J sec. 24, T. 2 N., E. 4 W. third

principal meridian, at the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad bridge about

1J miles east of Breese, Clinton Ccunty, 111.; about 3 miles above the mouth of

Beaver Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 760 square miles. 

BECORDS AVAILABLE. November 5, 1909, to September 30, 1912; October 30 to

December 31, 1912; August 14 to December 7, 1914, when station was discontinued. 

GAGE. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, in the afternoon, by

John Nordman. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge; during floods made

also from downstream side of wooden trestle over overflow channel. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent; .channel rough, as rock has been

placed in bed of stream, under bridge, to prevent scour. A determination by

leveling on August 13, 1914, indicates that there would be no flow past the gage

if the river were to fall to 0.4 foot ±0.1 foot by the gage. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during periods of records, 19.6

feet October 5, 1911 (discharge, 6,880 second-feet); maximum stage recorded

during flood of March-April, 1913; 23.2 feet at 6.30 a. m. March 29 (discharge

approximately 11,600 second-feet, determined from extension of rating curve);

minimum stage recorded, 0.9 foot during periods of August, September, October,

and November, 1914 (discharge, 23 second-feet). 

WINTER PLOW. Ice may affect the discharge relation during parts of December,

January, and February. v 

DIVERSIONS. The intake pipe of the Breese municipal pumping system is about

one-fourth mile above the section, but the quantity of water diverted is negligible. 

readings reliable; results fair.

No discharge measurements were made during the year ending September 30, 1915.
208 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Shoal Creek near Breese, III., for the period Aug. 14 to

Dec. 7, 1914.

Day.

1..... ............

2.................

5.................

6.................

7.................

8.................

9.... .............

10.................

11.................

12.................

13.................

14.................

15.................

Aug.

23

32

Sept.

88

78

83

56

88

536

624

468

349

150

48

41

38

Oct.

23

23

OQ

OQ

78

23

23

23

112

1,260

1,070

768

199

56

65

Nov.

 91

23

23

OQ

OQ

23

OO

83

92

oq

74

56

48

44

41

Dec.

9Q

29

9Q

OK

00

41

41

Day.

16.................

17....-..-.-..-----

1C

19.................

20.................

91

23.. ...... .........

24.................

26.................

00

9Q

3(1

01

Aug.

29

29

23

23

23

23

23

23

35

349

400

133

65

41

41

56

Sept.

235

220

193

133

92

65

60

29

26

23

23

23

23

23

23

Oct.

133

213

299

112

74

56

52

41

41

38

35

35

35

29

26

26

Nov.

41

35

32

29

29

23

23

23

38

41

41

38

35

29

29

Dec.

NOTE. Discharge determined from a fairly well-defined rating curve.

Monthly discharge of Shoal Creek near Breese, III., for the period Aug. 14 to Nov. SO, 1914- 

[Drainage area, 760 square miles.]

Month.

August 14-31 ............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

400 

624 

1.260 

92

Minimum.

23 

23 

23 

23

Mean.

76.2 

134 

157 

38.9

Per 

square 

mile.

0.100 

.176 

.207 

.051

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

0.07 

.20 

.24 

.06

Accuracy.

D. 

B. 

C. 

B.

SILVER CREEK NEAR LEBANON, ILL.

LOCATION. In the northwest corner of sec. 5, T.2N., R.7W. third principal meridian, 

at highway bridge at Wrights Crossing, about 2 miles west of Lebanon, St. Clair 

County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 335 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. March 3,1908, to September 30,1912; November 3 to December 

31, 1912; August 14 to December 5, 1914, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, in the morning, by W. D. McKoin.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge and small 

approach spans; and also at high stages from downstream side of three steel 

viaducts on road west of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Control is formed by an accumulation of drift a short distance below gage; may shift during high water. A determination by leveling, 

August 14, 1914, indicates that there would be no flow past the gage if the river 

stage were to fall to 0.4 foot ±0.1 foot referred to the gage datum.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during periods of records, 15,9 

feet May 7, 1908 (discharge, 5,240 second-feet); a stage of 18.5 feet (discharge 

approximately 8,100 second-feet) was recorded March 27 during the flood of MarchApril, 1913; the observer was unable to reach gage to obtain the crest stage of this 

flood. Minimum stage about a week in 1908 and on October 14, 1909, when there 

was no flow past the gage.

WINTER PLOW. Ice may affect the discharge relation during parts of December, 

January, and February.

ACCURACY. Results fair. 

No discharge measurements were made at this station during the year ending

September 30, 1915.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. 209

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Silver Creel near Lebanon, III., for the period Aug. 14

to Dec. 5, 1914'.

Bay.

1.................

3.. ...v --. .........

4.................

5.................

6.................

7.. ...............

8.................

9.................

10.................

11.................

12... ..............

13.................

14.................

15.................

Aug.

0.1

.1

Sept.

17

187

157

104

80

271

425

665

639

298

122

47

21

16

OS

Oct.

0.6

.2

.3

.2

.2

.2

41

730

679

665

405

104

33

Nov.

7 9

7.0

6.8

6.2

6.0

5.8

5.5

fi O

316

298

129

64

41

29

26

Dec.

7.0

8.0

8.4

8.4

9.6

Day.

16.................

17.................

18.................

19.................

20.................

21.................

22.................

23.................

24.................

25.................

26.................

27.................

28.................

29

30

31

Aug.

2.0

1 Q

1.0

.6

.6

49

104

41

17

69

195

307

92

37

16

19

Sept.

516

355

136

18

16

8.0

7.5

3.0

2.6

2.5

2.2

1.6

1.0

.8

Oct.

253

679

540

244

104

49

31

24

19

16

13

9.6

9.0

8.6

7.8

7.3

Nov.

ta

14

12

9.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.4

ao

8.0

aoa4

8.4

8.4

X4

Dec.

NOTE. Discharge determined from a poorly defined rating curve.

Monthly discharge of Silver Creek near Lebanon, III., for the period Aug. 14 to Nov. SO, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 335 square miles.]

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

307 

665 

730 

316

Minimum.

0.1 

.8 

.2 

5.5

Mean.

52.6 

141 

151 

36.7

Per 

square 

mile.

0.157 

.421 

.451 

.110

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.11 

.47 

.52 

.12

Accuracy.

pppp

BIG MUDDY RIVER AT PLUMFIELD, ILL.

LOCATION. In the W. \ sec. 20, T. 7 S., R. 2 E., at highway bridge at Plumfield, 

Franklin County, and about 6 miles west of West Frankfort; about 1| miles below 

the mouth of Middle Fork and about 2 miles downstream from station formerly 

maintained at the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad bridge.

DRAINAGE AREA. 753 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 18, 1914, to September 30, 1915. June 16, 1908, to 

September 30, 1912, and November 1 to December 31, 1912, maintained at the 

Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad bridge.

GAGE. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, morning and afternoon, 

by Louis Robertson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of bridge and steel approach, and in high water also made from downstream side of two culverts under 

road on right side; at extreme high stages the lowland between the bridge and 

the culverts is covered with water.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Probably permanent; control is about one-fourth mile 

below the gage. A determination by leveling August 18, 1914, indicates that 

there would be no flow past the gage if the river were to fall to about 0.6 foot 

± 0.05 foot by the gage.

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum stage recorded during period of records, 23.8 feet 

at 7 a. m. and 5 p. m. February 4, 1915; minimum stage, August 18 to 26, 1914, 

when there was no flow past the gage.

WINTER PLOW. Ice may affect the discharge relation during parts of December, 

January, and February.

ACCURACY. Gage-height record reliable. 

Data insufficient for estimates of discharge. 

47878° WSP 405 17 14
210 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1915, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Big Muddy River at Plumfield, III., during the year ending

Stpt. 30, 1915.

[Made by William Kessler.]

Date.

Mar.29. .......

May 29.. ......

29........

June 12........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.68

17.60

17.74

2.44

Discharge.

Sec.-Jt. 

27.2

3,660

3,750

75.3

Date.

24........

Sept. 17.......

Gage 

.height.

feet. 

2.44

2.48

2.47

1.33

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

82.8

87.1

88.7

13.3

Date.

Sept. 17.......

17.......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.33

1.33

Discharge.

Sec.Jt. 

13.1

13.7

Daily gage height, in feet, of Big Muddy River at Plumfield, III., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1915.

Day.

1.. ............

2....... ......

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1.38

1.30

1.24

1.18

1.12

1.09

1 fU

1.00

2.75

6.6

9.4

10.1

10.2

10.6

11.2

11.4

11.0

10.3

8.8

6.1

A ft

3.05

2.6

2.22

1.95

1.75

1.68

1.48

1.38

1.32

1 94

Nov.

1.22

1 19

1.15

1.15

1 19

1.10

1.06

1.05

1.04

1.00

.98

.95

Q1

1 no

1 79

1 EO

i An

1 34

1.18

1.14

115

1.15

1 19

1 19

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.08

1.10

1 no

Dec.

1.05

1.05

1.29

1 44

1.59

1.86

2.9

2 75.

2.42

9 14

1.95

1.88

1.81

1 79

1.61

1.51 1 48

1.86

3

9C

A. 9

A. p;

5.2

5.2

4.7

4 n

3.2

2.6

2.6

4. 2

6.0

Jan.

6.1

4.6

3.4

2 7

2.45

A 9

a o

8.7

6.7

5.2

4 Q

4.8

4.5

4.6

6.8

9 A

9.7

4

O

4 9

4.1

4 6

E Q

5.3

O O

2,28

9 3fi

11.5

Feb.

16.0

20.4

23.2

23.8

OQ c

22.8

99 n

21.2

19 7

18.3

16.5

14.1

11.3

8 9

7.6

5.2

4.0

3.35

3

A

2.8

10.5

19 7

14.6

15.6

15.5

14.7

Mar.

12.9

9.1

5.5

3.8

5.3

8.0

8.7

7.6

5.8

4.6

3.9

3.4

3.0

2.75

2.65

2.42

2 32

2.26

2.18

2.15

2.09

2.07

2.05

1.99

1.93

1.87

1.79

1.75

1.72

1.63

1 1Q

Apr.

1.53

1.49

1.44

1.41

1.39

1.38

1.36

1.34

1.30

1.33

1.40

1.36

1.34

1.30

1.28

1.28

1.28

1.24

1.20

1.26

1.24

1.24

1.24

1.20

1.18

1.11

1.10

1.12

1.10

1 08

May.

1.10

1.06

1.01

.96

.91

.98

1.22

3.7

3.0

2.9

2.31

2.08

1.99

1.82

1.61

1.51

1.41

1.34

1.27

1.38

1.46

2.00

8.2

13.7

15.6 *

15.9

16.2

16.8

17.5

18.3

18.5

June.

18.2

17.5

16.5

14.7

12.6

8.7

7.2

4.8

3.7

2.9

2.48

J 2.47

3.7

2.42

2 28

2.24

1.97

1.94

2.9

2.8

6.4

10.4

12.3

13.4

14.0

13.8

11.7

9.6

12.2

13.6

July.

14.6

15.2

15.4

15.7

15.8

15.4

14.4

14.2

14.1

14.6

14.8

14.7

14.0

n

o

9.1

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

3.8

2.95

2.6

2.46

2.13

1.83

1.66

1.52

1.36

2.06

2.85

9 4fi

Aug.

2.02

2.9

4.6

4.2

3.0

2.49

2.03

1.74

1.56

1.53

1.89

4.1

5.3

4.8

6.9

9.5

9.9,

8.2

8.2

11.3

14.4

16.7

22.8

23.4

23.0

22.3

21.3

20.1

18 9

17.6

Sept.

16.6

14.8

12.5

8.8

4.8

2.5

2.08

1.85

1.72

1.82

1.74

1.62

1.55

1.46

1.38

1.36

1.32

3.2

3.35

2.8

2.02

1.84

1.58

1 44

1.31

1.21

1.17

1.44

2.36

9 Q

NOTE. Discharge relation probably affected by ice Dec. 16 to Jan. 10, and Jan. 22-31. 

BEAUCOUP CREEK NEAR PINCKNEYVILLE, ILL.

LOCATION. In sec. 30, T. 5 S., R. 2 E. third principal meridian; at Illinois Central 

Railroad bridge about 1J miles east of Pinckneyville, Perry County, about 10 

miles above the mouth of Galum Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 227 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 17, 1908, to September 30,1912; November 30 to December 31,1912; and June 24 to November 2,1914, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; read daily, in the morning, by R. C. 

Huggins.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from, downstream side of wooden trestle; lowwater measurements made at wading section about 1,000 feet below gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. May shift slightly during extreme floods. The creek goea 

dry at times, the water then standing in pools near the gage. A determination by 

leveling, August 17, 1914, indicates that there would be no flow past the gage if 

the river were to fall to about 1.8 feet ±0.1 foot by the gage.
MISCELLANEOUS MEASUEEME3STTS. 211

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during periods of records, 21.1 

feet, February 28, 1910 (discharge, 2,170 second-feet); the flood of 1902 reached a 

height of about 27.5 feet on the present gage. Minimum stage July 3, 4, and July 

7 to August 21, 1914, when there was no flow past the gage.

WINTER FLOW. Discharge relation may be affected by ice during parts of December, 

January, and February.

ACCURACY. Gage readings erroneous at times; records not very good.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofSeaucoup Creek near Pinckneyville, III., for the period

June %4 to Nov. 2, 1914.

Day.

1....

2....

3....

4....

5.... 

6....

7....

8....

9....

10....

11....

12....

13....

14....

15....

June.

......

July.

O n

.2

.0

.0

.1 

.1

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

Aug.

0.0

.0

.0

.0

.0 

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

Sept.

133

6.9

8 ft

8.8

9.6 

653

928

1,590

1,570

014

86

60

3816 '

12

Oct.

4 9

2.9

1.8

1 8

4.9 

8.0

8 ft

1.8

200

1,890

2,100

1,920

1,350

1,360

766

Nov.

5.8

5.8

.......

Day.

16....

17....

18....

19....

20.... 

21....

99

23....

24....

25....

26....

27....

28....

29....

30.... o-i

June.

......

O n

.6

.6

.6

.5

.4

July.

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0 

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

Aug.

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0 

.0 1.1

1.0

1.0 1.1

65

68

1,180

1,890

1,570

852

Sept.

179

126

40

8.0

6.9

5.8

5.8

9 0

14

26

26

12

8.0

5.8

4.2

Oct.

171

1,140

403

236

70 

45

35

26

21

16

12

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

.5.8

Nov.

NOTE. Discharge determined from a fairly well denned rating curve.

Monthly discharge of Beaucoup Creek near Pinckneyville, III., for the period July 1 to

Oct. 81, 1914. 

[Drainage area, 227 square miles]

Month.

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

0.2 

1,890 

1,590 

2,100

Minimum.

0.0 

.0 

2.9 

1.8

Mean.

0.02 

182

217 

381

Per

square 

mile.

0.0001 

.802 

.956 

1.68

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.)

0.0001 

.92 

1.07 

1.94

Accuracy.

pppp

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS.

Miscellaneous measurements in upper Mississippi River drainage basin during the year

ending Sept. 30,1915.

Date.

July 17

Nov. 4

26

July 15

15

14

May 30

1

Stream.

.....do.....................

.....do.....................

.....do.....................

.....do.....................

Tributary to 

Illinois River........

.....do...............

.....do...............

.....do...............

.....do...............

Locality.

1,000 feet above Bear Trap

dam at Lockport, 111.

Elgin, 111..... .............

plant, Streator, 111.

.....do.....................

£&

Feet.

a 21. 61

a 14. 7

a 16. 96

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

510

113

99 9

735

835

9 1

9 770

27,500

13,200

56,300

a United States Weather Bureau gage.
INDEX.

A. Page. 

Accuracy of field data and computed results. 12-13 

Acre-foot, definition of....................... 8

equivalent of............................ 11

Afton,Wis., Rock River at................ 149-151

Apple River near Somerset, Wis............. 86-88

Appropriations, annual...................... 7

Augusta, Iowa, Skunk River at........... 171-172

Augusta, Wis, Eau Claire Eiver near...... 101-103

Aurora, HI., Fox River at................... 188

Authorization of work....................... 7

B.

Babb, Mont., St. Mary River below Swiftcurrent Creekat................. 17-20

St. Mary River near..................... 15-16

Baraboo River near Baraboo, Wis......... 142-144

Beaucoup Creek near Pinckneyville, El.... 210-211

Beckman,H. C., work of.................... 14

Big Ban Heine River near Stratford, Wis.. 138-140 

Big Lake, Minn., Elk River near............ 67-69

Big Muddy Eiver at Plumfield, HI........ 209-210

Black River at Neillsville, Wis............ 113-115

Bolster, R.H., work of...................... 14

Boone, Iowa, Des Moines River at........... 211

Bradley, Wis., Tomahawk River near..... 131-132

Breese,HI.,Shoal Creek near.............. 207-208

Brodhead, Wis., Sugar River near......... 159-160

Brace, Wis., Chippewa River near........... 90-92

Burdick, L. W., work of..................... 14

Butternut, Wis., Flambeau River near...... 96-98

C. 

Canada, cooperation by...................... 13

Canfleld, G. H.f work of..................... 14

Carlyle, 111., Kaskaskia River at........... 203-204

Cedar Falls, Wis., Red Cedar River at....... 105

Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa........ 166-167

at JanesviUe,Iowa.................... 165-166

Chandler, E. P.,workof.................... li

Chippewa & Flambeau Improvement Co., cooperation by.................... 14

Chippewa River at Bishops Bridge, near

Winter,Wis..................... 88-90

at Chippewa Falls, Wis.................. 92-94

near Brace, Wis......................... 90-92

near Watson, Minn...................... 76-78

West Fork of, at Lessards, near Winter,

Wis............................. 94-96

Christianson, Ole, workof................... 14

Clarksville, Iowa, Shellrock River near..... 168-169

Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn.. 37-38 

Colfax, Wis., Red Cedar River near....... 103-104

Control, definition of........................ 8

Cooperation, record of....................... 13-14

Coppock, Iowa, Skunk River at........... 169-170

Critchlow, H. T., work of............. .......> 14

Crookston, Minn., Red Lake River at. ... 34-35 

Crow River at Rockford, Minn.............. 69-71

Crow Wing reservoir at Motley, Minn ....... 63-65

Custer Park, HI., Kankakee River at ...... 180-181 D. * 

Data, accuracy of........................ 12-13

explanation of... ................. .... 11-12

Davis, A., workof........................... 14

Decorah, Iowa, Upper Iowa River near.... 120-122

Des Moines River at Boone, Iowa........... 211

at Des Moines, Iowa............. ... 174-175

atKalo, Iowa......................... 172-174

at Keosauqua, Iowa................... 176-177

at Ottumwa, Iowa....................... 211

Des Plaines River at Joliet, HI.... ......... 183-186

atLemont,Hl......................... 181-183

at Lockport, HI.......................... 211

at Romeo, 111............................ 183

Dill, Wis., Pecatonica River at.. ........... 155-157

Discharge relation, meaning of............... 8

Dodge, Wis., Trempealeau River at....... 111-113

Dundee, HI., Fox River at........ ........... 211

Eau Claire Riverat Kelly, Wis.. .......... 136-138

near Augusta, Wis.. ................... 101-103

Eastern Minnesota Power Co., cooperation by 14 

Egbert, D. V., work of...................... 14

Elgin,Hl., FoxRiverat..................... 211

Elk River, Minn., Mississippi Riverat...... 57-58

Elk River near Big Lake, Minn............. 67-69

Entringer, J. O., workof. ...... . ...... 14

Equivalents, convenient..................... 9-11

Evaporation gage at University, N. Dak..... 41-42

F. 

Fargo, N. Dak., Red River at. .............. 27-29

Fear, H.W., work of............ ............ 14

Fergus Falls, Minn., Ottertail River at German Church near.. ............. 25-27

Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis... . .... 96-98

near Ladysmith, Wis.. ................. 98-100

Fox Riverat Aurora, HI..................... 188

at Dundee, HI........................... 211

at Elgin, HI.... ......................... 211

Fox River at South Elgin, HI. ............ 186-188

at Wedron, HI.... ..................... 188-190

Freepbrt, HI., Pecatonica River at.. ... 157-159, 211

G.

Garber, Iowa, Turkey River at. ........... 146-147

Gays Mills, Wis., Kickapoo River at. ....... 144-146

German Church near Fergus Falls, Minn.,

Ottertail River at........ ....... 25-27

Grand Forks, N. Dak., Red River at........ 29-31

213
214 INDEX.

H. Page. 

Herlofson, C., work of....................... 14

Horsepower, equivalents of.................. 11

Horton, A. H., work of...................... 14

Houston, Minn., Boot River at............ 117-118

Hoyt,W.G., work of........................ 14

Hudson Bay drainage basin, gaging-station

records in. _.................... 15-55

I.

Illinois State Rivers and lakes Commission,

cooperation by................... 14

International Falls, Minn., Rainy River at.. 44-47

International Joint Commission, cooperation

by................................ 14

Iowa River at Iowa City, Iowa............ 162-163

at Marshalltown, Iowa................ 161-162

at Wapello, Iowa...................... 164-165

Iowa State Geological Survey, cooperation

by.............................. 14

J. 

Tanesville, Iowa, Cedar River at........... 165-166

Joliet, 111., Des Flames River at........... 183-186

Jump River at Sheldon, Wis................ 101

K.

Kalo, Iowa, Des Moines River at.......... 172-174

Kankakee River at Custer Park, 111....... 180-181

atMomence, 111....................... 178-180

KaskasMa River at Carlyle, 111............ 203-204

at New Athens, HI.................... 205-207

atShelbyville,111..................... 200-201

at Vandalia,111........................ 201-202

Kawishiwi River near Winton, Minn .'...... 47-52

Kelly, Wis., Eau Claire River at.......... 136-138

Keosauqua, Iowa, Des Moines River at.... 176-177

Kessler, William, work of................... 14

Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn.......... 82-84

Kickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis........ 144-146

Kimball, Alberta, St. Mary River near...... 20-22

L.

Ba Crosse River near West Salem, Wis.... 115-116

Lac Qui Parle River at Lac Qui Parle, Minn.. 75-76 

Ladysmith, Wis., Flambeau River near.... 98-100

Lamb, W. A., work of....................... 14

Lanesboro, Minn., North Branch of Root

River near.................... 119-120

Lebanon, 111., Silver Creek near........... 208-209

Lemont, 111., Des Plaines River at......... 181-183

Libby, Minn., Mississippi River above Sandy

River near...................... 56-57

Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn...... 54-55

Little Rib River near Wausau, Wis....... 134-136

Lockport, 111., Des Plaines River at......... 211

Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn....... 65-67

Lyndon, 111., Rock River at............... 153-155

M.

Mankato, Minn., Minnesota River near...... 73-75

Many Glacier, Mont., Swiftcurrent Creek at.. 22-23 

Maquoketa River below its north fork, near

Maquoketa, Iowa.............. 147-149

Marshalltown, Iowa, Iowa River at........ 161-162

Massillon, Iowa, Wapsipinicon River at..... 211

Meuomome, Wis., Bed Cedar River at..... 106-107

Page. 

Merrill, Wis., Prairie River near........... 132-134

Wisconsin River at.................... 124-126

Metric measures, equivalents of.............. 11

Miner's inches, equivalents of............... 10

Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn....... 73-75

near Montevideo, Minn.................. 71-73

Minnesota State Drainage Commission, cooperation by....................... 14

Minot, N. Dak., Mouse River at............. 40-41

Mississippi River above Sandy River, near

Libby.Minn.................... 56-57

at Elk River, Minn...................... 57-58

at St. Paul, Minn....................... 58-60

Momence, 111., Kankakee River at......... 178-180

Montevideo, Minn., Minnesota River near... 71-73 

MonticeUo, 111., Sangamon River at........ 193-195

Motley, Minn., Crow Wing reservoir at...... 63-65

Long Prairie River near................. 65-67

Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak............... 40-41

Muscoda, Wis., Wisconsin River at........ 129-131

N.

Namakagon River at Trego, Wis............ 81-82

Neche, N. Dak., Pembina River at.......... 38-40

Neillsville, Wis., Black River at........... 113-115

Nekoosa, Wis., Wisconsin River near...... 126-129

New Athens, 111., Kaskaskia River at..... 205-207

O.

Oakford, 111., Sangamon River near... _.. 198-199 

Ottertail River at German Church, near Fergus Falls, Minn................. 25-27

Ottumwa, Iowa, Des Moines River at....... 211

P.

Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis.............. 155-157

at Freeport, 111.................... 157-159,211

Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak........... 38-40

Peterson, B. I., work of..................... 14

Pinckneyville, 111., Beaucoup Creek near.. 210-211 

Pine City, Minn., Snake River near......... 84-86

Pine River below Pine River reservoir, Minn. 61-63 

Plover River near Stevens Point, Wis..... 140-142

Plumfield, 111., Big Muddy River at....... 209-210

Prairie River near Merrill, Wis............ 132-134

R.

Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa..... 177-178

Rainy Lake at Ranier, Minn................ 42-44

Rainy River at International Falls, Minn.... 44-47

Rather, M. F., work of...... _............. 14

Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, Wis......... 106

at Menomonie,Wis.................... 106-107

nearColfax, Wis...................... 103-104

Red Lake Falls, Minn., Clearwater River at. 37-38 

Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn......... 24-35

at Thief River Falls, Minn.............. 32-34

Red River at Fargo, N. Dak................. 27-29

at Grand Forks, N. Dak................. 29-31

Riverton, 111., Sangamon River at......... 196-197

Rock River at Afton, Wis................. 149-151

at Lyndon, 111......................... 153-155

at Rockford, 111....................... 151-153

Rockford, 111., Rock River at.............. 151-153

Rockford, Minn., Crow River at............. 69-71
215

Page. 

Romeo, HI., Des Plaines River at........... 183

Root River at Houston, Minn............. 117-118

North Branch of,near Lanesboro, Minn. 119-120

S.

Sandstone, Minn., Kettle River near......... 82-84

Sandy River below Sandy Lake reservoir,

Minn............................ 60-61

Sangamon River at Monticello, 111........ 193-195

atRiverton,IU........................ 196-197

near Oakford,111...................... 198-199

South Fork of, near Taylorville, 111.... 199-200

Scope of work............................... 7-8

Second-foot, definition of.................... 8

equivalents of........................... 10

Second-feet per square mile, definition of.... 8

Seville, 111., Spoon River at............... 192-193

Shellrock River near Clarksville, Iowa..... 168-169

Shelbyville, 111., Kaskaskia River at....... 200-201

Sheldon, Wis., Jump River at............... 101

Sherburne, Mont., Swiftcurrent Creek at.... 23-25

Shoal Creek near Breese, 111............... 207-208

Silver Creek near Lebanon, 111............. 208-209

Skunk River at Augusta, Iowa............ 171-172

at Coppock, Iowa..................... 169-170

Snake River near Pine City, Minn........... 84-86

Somerset, Wis., Apple River near........... 86-88

Soule, S. B., work of........................ 14

South Elgin, 111., Fox River at............ 186-188

Spoon River at Seville, 111................. 192-193

St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis............... 78-79

near St. Croix Falls, Wis................ 80-81

St. Mary River below Swiftcurrent Creek, at

Babb, Mont..................... 17-20

near Babb, Mont........................ 15-16

near Kimball, Alberta................... 20-22

St. Paul, Minn., Mississippi River at........ 58-60

Stevens Point, Wis., Plover River near.... 140-142

Stevenson, W. B., work of.................. 14

Stratford, Wis., Big Eau Pleine River near. 138-140 

Streator, 111., Vermilion River near........ 190-192

Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis.......... 159-160

Swiftcurrent Creek at Many Glacier, Mont... 22-23 

at Sherburne, Mont..................... 23-25

Swiss, Wis., St. Croix River at.............. 78-79

T.

Taylorville, 111., South Fork of Sangamon

Rivernear.................... 199-200

Terms, definition of......................... 8-9

Thief River Falls, Minn., Red Lake River at. 32-34 

Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn.... 35-37

Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis...... 131-132

Tower, Minn., Vermilion River below Lake

Vermilion,near.................. 52-54

Trego, Wis., Namakagon River at........... 81-82

Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis......... 111-113

Turkey River at Garber, Iowa............. 146-147

Twin Valley, Minn., Wild Rice River at..... 31-32

U.

University, N. Dak., evaporation gage at.... 41-42

Upper Iowa River near Decorah, Iowa.... 120-122

Upper Mississippi River drainage basin,

gaging-station records in........ 56-211

United States Army Enginer Corps, cooperation by.......................... 14

United States Reclamation Service, cooperation by.......................... 13

United States Weather Bureau, cooperation by.......................... 14

V. 

Van Meter, Iowa, Raccoon River at....... 177-178

Vandalia, HI., Kaskaskia River at......... 201-202

Velocity in feet per second, table for converting, into velocity in miles per 

hour............................. 10

Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion, near

Tower, Minn.................... 52-54

near Streator, m.............. .... 190-192,211

W. 

Walters,M. I., workof...................... 14

Wapello, Iowa, Iowa River at............. 164-165

Wapsipinicon River at Massillon, Iowa...... 211

Water power, formula for calculating........ 11

Watson, Minn., Chippewa River near....... 76-78

Wausau, Wis., Little Rib River near...... 134-136

Wedron, m., Fox River at................ 188-190

West Salem, Wis., La Crosse River at..... 115-116

Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn...... 31-32

Winter, Wis., Chippewa River at Bishops

Bridge near...............:....-. 88-90

West Fork of Chippewa River at Lessards

near............................. 94-96

Winton, Minn., Kawishiwi River near....... 47-52

Wisconsin-Minnesota Light & Power Co.,

cooperation by.................. 14

Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis........... 124-126

atMuscoda, Wis....................... 129-131

near Nekoosa, Wis..................... 126-129

near Rhinelander, Wis................ 122-124

Wisconsin State Railroad Commission, cooperation by....................... 14

Work, division of............................ 14

Z. 

Zero flow, point of, definition of............. 9

Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn..... 108-109

South Branch of, near Zumbro Falls,

Minn.......................... 110-111
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS

AND

PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES

PAET V, HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVER 

DRAINAGE BASINS
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 

DELATING TO WATER RESOURCES.

INTRODUCTION.

Investigation of water resources by the United States Geological 

Survey has consisted in large part of measurements of the volume of 

flow of streams and studies of the conditions affecting that flow, but 

it has comprised also investigation of such closely allied subjects as 

irrigation, water storage, water powers, underground waters, and 

quality of waters. Most of the results of these investigations have 

been published in the series of water-supply papers, but some have 

appeared in the bulletins, professional papers, and annual reports.

The results of stream-flow measurements are now published 

annually in 12 parts, each part covering an area whose boundaries 

coincide with,natural drainage features as indicated below:

Part I. North Atlantic basins.

II. South Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins.

III. Ohio River basin.

IV. St. Lawrence River basin.

V. Upper Mississippi River and Hudson Bay basins.

VI. Missouri River basin.

VII. Lower Mississippi River basin.

VIII. Western Gulf of Mexico basins.

I.. Colorado River basin.

X. Great Basin.

XI. Pacific basins in California. 

XII. North Pacific basins (published in three volumes).

HOW GOVERNMENT REPORTS MAY BE OBTAINED OR CONSULTED.

Water-supply papers and other publications of the United States 

Geological Survey containing data in regard to the water resources 

of the United States may be obtained or consulted as indicated below.

1. Copies may be obtained free of charge by applying to the Director of the Geological Survey-, Washington, D. C. The edition printed 

for free distribution is, however, small and is soon exhausted.

2. Copies may be purchased at nominal cost from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 

who will on application furnish lists giving prices.

3. Sets of the reports may be consulted in the libraries of the

principal cities in the United States.

iii
IV STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS.

4. Complete sets are available for consultation in the local offices 

of the water-resources branch of the Geological Survey, as follows:

Albany, N. Y., Room 18, Federal Building.

Atlanta, Ga., Post Office Building.

Boston, Mass., Customhouse.

St. Paul, Minn., Old Capitol Building.

Madison, Wis., Capitol Building.

Helena, Mont., Montana National Bank Building.

Denver, Colo., 403 New Post Office Building.

Salt Lake City, Utah, Federal Building.

Boise, Idaho, 615 Idaho Building.

Portland, Oreg., 416 Couch Building.

Tacoma, Wash., Federal Building.

San Francisco, CaL, 328 Customhouse.

Los Angeles, CaL, Federal Building.

Phoenix, Ariz., 417 Fleming Building.

Austin, Tex., Old Post Office Building.

Honolulu, Hawaii, Kapiolani Building.

A list of the Geological Survey's publications may be obtained by 

applying to the Director of the United States Geological Survey, 

Washington, D. C.

STEEAM-FLOW EEPOETS.

Stream-flow records have been obtained at more than 3,800 points 

in the United States, and the data obtained have been published in 

the reports tabulated below:

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey. 

[A= Annual Report; B= Bulletin; WS= Water-Supply Paper.]

Report.

llth A, pt. 2...........

12thA,pt.2. ..........

13th A, pt. 3...........

14th A, pt.2. ..........

B131. .................

16th A, pt.2... ........

B140.. ................

WS 11...... ...........

18thA,pt. 4. ..........

WS 15........ .........

WS 16...... ...........

19th A, pt. 4...........

WS 27... ..............

WS 28..... ............

WS 35 to 39............

WS 47 to 52............

Character of data.

.....do.........................................................

Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, ratings, and monthly

discharge (also many data covering earlier years).

(also similar data for some earlier years).

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River above 

junction with Kansas.

sippi River below junction of Missouri and Platte, and western 

United States.

(also some long-time records).

eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River.

western United States.

Descriptions, measurements, ease heights, and ratings .........

Year.

1890. 

1884 to June 30,

1891.

1892. 

1888 to Dec. 31,

1893. 

1893 and 1894.

1895.

1896.

1895 and 1896.

1897.

1897.

1897.

1898.

1898.

1898.

1899. .

1899.

1900.
HUDSON" BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN'S. V

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey Continued.

Report.

22d A, pt. 4. ...........

WS 65, 66... ...........

WS 75....... ..........

WS 82 to 85. ...........

WS 97 to 100. ..........

WS 124 to 135. .........

WS 165 to 178..........

WS 201 to 214. .........

WS241 to 252. .........

WS 261 to 272... .......

WS281 to 292... .......

WS301 to 312. .........

WS 321 to 332o. ........

WS351 to 362o... ......

WS381to394..........

WS401to414..........

Character of data.

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.................................................. .......

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

Year.

1900. iom

1901.

1902.

1903.

1904.

1905.

1906.

1907-8.

1909.

1910.

1911.

1912.

1913.

1914.

1915.

o In preparation. 

NOTE. No data regarding stream flow are given in the 15th and 17th annual reports.

The records at most of the stations discussed in these reports 

extend over a series of years, and miscellaneous measurements at 

many points other than regular gaging stations have been made 

each year. An index of the reports containing records obtained 

prior to 1904 has been published in Water-Supply Paper 119.

The following table gives by years and drainage basins the numbers of the papers on surface-water supply published from 1899 to 

1915. The data for any particular station will in general be found 

in the reports covering the years during which the station was maintained. For example, data for Machias Kiver at Whitneyville, Me., 

1903 to 1915, are published in Water-Supply Papers 97, 124, 165, 

201, 241, 261, 281, 301, 321, 351, 381, and 401, which contain records 

for the New England streams from 1903 to 1915. Kesults of miscellaneous measurements are published by drainage basins.

In these papers and in the following lists the stations are arranged 

in downstream order. The main stem of any river is determined 

by measuring or estimating its drainage area that is, the headwater 

stream having the largest drainage area is considered the continuation of the main stream, and local changes in name and lake surface 

are disregarded. All stations from the source to the mouth of the 

main stream of the river are presented first, and the tributaries in 

regular order from source to mouth follow, the streams in each 

tributary basin being listed before those of the next basin below.

The exceptions _to this rule occur in the records for Mississippi 

River, which are given in four parts as indicated on page in, and in 

the records for large lakes, where it is simpler to take up the streams 

in regular order around the rim of the lake than to cross back and 

forth over the lake surface.
Numbers of water-supply papers containing results of stream m

Year.

1899a.. ...

19000... ..

1901.......

1902.......

1903.......

1904.......

1905.......

1906.......

1907-8. .... 

1909. ......

1910.......

1911.......

1912. ......

1913....... 

1914.......

1915.......

I

North 

Atlantic 

slope 

(St. John 

.River to 

York 

River).

35 

47, ft 48 

65,75 

82 

97 

» 124, o!25, 

2>126 

n 165. o 166, 

2>167 

»201,o202, 

2>203 

241 

261 

281 

301 

321 

351 

381 

401

II

South 

Atlantic 

and 

eastern 

Gulf of 

Mexico 

(James 

River 

to the Mississippi).

635,36 

48 

65,75 

682,83 

6 97, 98 

P 126, 127

V 167, 168 

P 203, 204

242 

262 

282 

302 

322 

352 

382 

402 

\

III

Ohio 

River.

36

48, i 49 

65,75 

83 

98 

128

169 

205

243 

263 

283 

303 

323 

353 

383 

403

IV

St. 

Lawrence 

River and 

Great 

Lakes.

36

49 

65,75 

I 82, 83 

97 

129

170 

206

244 

264 

284 

304 

324 

354 

384 

404

V

Hudson 

Bay and 

upper Mississippi 

River.

36

49 

* 65, 66, 75 

* 83, 85 

ft98,99.m 100 

ft 128, 130

171 

207

245 

265 

285 

305 

325 

355 

385 

405

VI

Missouri 

River.

c36,37 

49, j 50 

66,75 

84 

99 

130,9131

172 

208

246 

266 

286 

306 

326 

356 

386 

406

VII

Lower Mississippi 

River.

37 

50

ft 65, 66, 75 

ft 83, 84 

ft 98, 99 

ft 128, 131

ft 169, 173 

ft 205, 209

247 

267 

287 

307 

327 

357 

387 

407

VIII

Western 

Gulf of 

Mexico.

37 

50 

66,75 

84 

99 

132

174 

210

248 

268 

288 

308 

328 

358 

388 

408

<* Eating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 35-39 contained in Water-Supply 

Paper 39. Estimates for 1899 in Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV.

6 James River only.

c Gallatin River.

d Green and Gunnison rivers and Grand River above junction with Gunnison.

e Mohave River only.

/ Kings and Kern rivers and south Pacific slope basins.

g Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 47-52 and data on precipitation, 

wells, ana irrigation in California and Utah contained in Water-Supply Paper 52. Estimates or 1900 in Twenty-second Annual Report, Part IV.

A Wissahickon and Schuylkill rivers to James River.

i Scioto River.

i Loup and Platte 

with Platte.

* Tributaries of M

I Lake Ontario an

in Hudson Bay on

» New England ri

o Hudson River to 

p Susquehanna Ri

? Platte and Kans

r Great Basin in C

* Below junction w

* Rogue, Umpqua
PART V. HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI KIVEK 

DRAINAGE BASINS.

PRINCIPAL STEEAMS.

The Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins include 

streams whose waters reach Hudson Bay and the Mississippi above 

its junction with the Ohio (except the Missouri). rThe principal 

streams flowing into Hudson Bay from the United States are St. 

Mary River, Red River, and Rainy River. The principal tributaries 

of the upper Mississippi are Crow Wing, Sauk, Crow, ilum, Minnesota, St. Croix, Chippewa, Zumbro, Black, Root, Wisconsin, Wapsipinicon, Rock, Iowa, Des Moines, Illinois, and Kaskaskia rivers. 

These streams drain wholly or in part the States of Illinois; Indiana, 

Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, 

and Wisconsin.

In addition to the list of gaging stations and the annotated list of 

publications relating specifically to the section, these pages contain a 

similar list of reports that are of general interest in many sections 

and cover a wide range of hydrologic subjects, and also brief references 

to reports published by State and other organizations. (See pp. 

xv-xvi.)

GAGING STATIONS.

NOTE. Dash after a date indicates that station was being maintained September 30, 1915. Period 

after a date indicates discontinuance.

HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN.

St. Mary River near Babb (formerly dam site), Mont., 1902-

St. Mary River below Swiftcurrent Creek, at Babb, Mont., 1901-2; 1910-

St. Mary River near Kimball, Alberta, 1902-

Swiftcurrent Creek near Babb (formerly Wetzel), Mont., 1902-1910.

Swiftcurrent Creek at Many Glacier, Mont., 1912-

Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherburne, Mont., 1912-

Kennedy Creek near Babb (formerly Wetzel), Mont., 1903-1907. 

Ottertail River at German Church, near Fergus Falls, Minn., 1913- 

Ottertail River near Fergus Falls, MinH., 1904-1913. 

Red River near Fergus Falls, Minn., 1909-10. > 

Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., 1901- 

Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak., IfOlRed River at Pembina, N. Dak., 1901. 

Red River at Emerson, Manitoba, 1900r-1902.

Pelican River near Fergus Falls, Minn., 1909-1912.

Sheyenne River at Haggart, N. Dalk., 1902-1907.

Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn., 1909-

Devils Lake near Devils Lake; N. Dak., 1901-1912.

Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn., 1909-

VII
VIII STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS.

Red River tributaries Continued.

Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn., 1901-

Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn., 1909-

Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn., 1909-

South Branch of Two Rivers at Hallock, Minn., 1911-1914. 

Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak., 1903-1915.

Roseau River at Dominion City, Canada, 1912.

West Branch of Roseau River near Malung, Minn., 1911-1914. 

Mouse River near Foxholm, N. Dak., 1904-1906. 

Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak., 1903-

Des Lacs River at Foxholm, N. Dak., 1904-1906. 

Rainy Lake at Rainier, Minn., 1910- 

Rainy River at International Falls, Minn., 1907- 

Kawishiwi River near Winton, Minn., 1905-1907; 1912-

Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion, near Tower^Minn., 1911-

Little Fork at Little Fork, Minn., 1909-

Big Fork at Big Falls, Minn., 1909-1912.

Big Fork at Laurel, Minn., 1909.

Black River near Loman, Minn., 1909.

UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN.

Mississippi River above Sandy River, Minn., 1895- 

Mississippi River near Fort Ripley, Minn., 1909-10. 

Mississippi River near Sauk Rapids, Minn., 1903-1906. 

Mississippi River at Elk River, Minn., 1915- 

Mississippi River at Anoka, Minn., 1905-1914. 

Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn., 1873-

Sandy River below Sandy Lake reservoir, Minn., 1893- 

Pine River below Pine River reservoir, Minn., 1886- 

Prairie River near Grand Rapids, Minn., 1909. - 

Crow Wing River at Nimrod, Minn., 1910-1914. 

Crow Wing River at Motley, Minn., 1909; 1913- 

Crow Wing River at Pillager, Minn., 1903; 1909-1913. 

Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn., 1909- 

Sauk River near St. Cloud, Minn., 1909-1913. 

Elk River near Big Lake, Minn., 1911- 

Crow River at Rockford, Minn., 1909- 

Crow River near Dayton, Minn., 1906.

North Fork of Crow River near Rockford, Minn., 1909-10. 

South Fork of Crow River near Rockford, Minn., 1909-1912. 

Rum River at Onamia, Minn., 1909-1912. 

Rum River at Cambridge, Minn., 1909-1914. 

Rum River at St. Francis, Minn., 1903. 

Rum River near Anoka, Minn., 1905-6; 1909. 

Minnesota River near Odessa, Minn., 1909-1913. 

Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn., 1909- 

Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn., 1903-

Whetstone River near Big Stone, S. Dak., 1910-1912. 

Lac qui Parle River at Lac qui Parle, Minn., 1910-1914. 

Chippewa River near Watson, Minn., 1909- 

Redwood River near Redwood Falls, Minn., 1909-1914". 

Cottonwood River near New Ulm, Mimi., 1909-1913. 

Blue Earth River at Rapidan Mills, Minn., 1909-10.
HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. IX

Mississippi River tributaries Continued. 

St. Croix River at Swiss, Wis., 1914- 

St. Croix River near St. Croix Falls, Wis., 1902-1905; 1910-

Namakagon River at Trego, Wis., 1914-

Yellow River at Webster, Wie., 1914.

Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn., 1908-

Snake River at Mora, Minn., 1909-1913.

Snake River near Pine City, Minn., 1913-

Apple River near Somerset, Wis., 1901- 

Cannon River at Welch, Minn., 1909-1914. 

Chippewa River at Bishops Bridge, near Winter, Wis., 1912- 

Chippewa River near Brace, Wis., 1913- 

Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis., 1888- 

Chippewa River near Eau Claire, Wis., 1902-1909.

West Fork of Chippewa River near Winter, Wis., 1911-

Flambeau River near Butternut, Wis., 1914-

Flambeau River near Ladysmith, Wis., 1914-

Flambeau River at Ladysmith, Wis., 1903-1906.

Jump River at Sheldon, Wis., 1915-

Eau Claire River near Augusta, Wis., 1914-

Eau Claire River near Eau Claire, Wis., 1913-14.

Red Cedar River near Coif ax, Wis., 1914-

Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, Wis., 1909-

Red Cedar River at Menominee, Wis., 1907-8; 1913- 

Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn., 1909-

South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn., 1911- 

Trempealeau River at Dodge, Wis., 1913- 

Black River at Neillsville, Wis., 1905-1909; 1913- 

Black River at Melrose, Wis., 1902-3. 

La Crosse River near West Salem, Wis., 1913- 

Root River near Houston, Minn., 1909-

North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn., 1910- 

Upper Iowa River near Decorah, Iowa, 1913-14. 

Wisconsin River near Rhinelander, Wis., 1905- 

Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis., 1902- 

Wisconsin River near Nekoosa, Wis., 1914- 

Wisconsin River near Necedah, Wis., 1902-1914. 

Wisconsin River at Muscoda, Wis., 1902-3; 1913-

Tomahawk River near Bradley, Wis., 1914-

Prairie River near Merrill, Wis., 1914-

Little Rib River near Wausau, Wis., 1914-

Eau Claire River at Kelley, Wis., 1914- 

' Big Eau Pleine River near Stratford, Wis., 1914-

Plover River near Stevens Point, Wis., 1914-

Baraboo River near Baraboo, Wis., 1913-

Kickapoo River at Gays Mills, Wis., 1913- 

Turkey River at Garber, Iowa, 1913-

Maquoketa River above mouth of North Fork, near Maquoketa, Iowa, 1913- 

Maquoketa River at Manchester, Iowa, 1903.

Maquoketa River below mouth of North Fork, near Maquoketa, Iowa, 1913- 

Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa, 1903-1914. 

Rock River at Watertown, Wis., 1914. 

Rock River at Afton, Wis., 1914- 

47878° WSP 405 17 15
X STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS.

Mississippi River tributaries Continued.

Rock River above mouth of Pecatonica River, at Rockton, 111., 1903. 

Rock River below mouth of Pecatonica River, at Rockton, 111 ..1903-1909. 

Rock River at Rockford, 111., 1914- 

Rock River near Nelson, 111., 1906. 

Rock River at Sterling, 111., 1905-6.

Catf sh River at Madison, Wis., 1902-3.

Lake Mendota at Madison, Wis., 1902-3.

Pecatonica River at Dill, Wis., 1914-

Pecatonica River at Freeport, 111., 1914-

Sugar River near Brodhead, Wis., 1914- 

lowa River near Iowa Falls, Iowa, 1911-1914. 

Iowa River at Marshalltown, Iowa, 1903; 1915- 

lowa River at Iowa City, Iowa, 1903-1906; 1913- 

lowa River at Wapello, Iowa, 1915-

Cedar River near Austin, Minn., 1909-1914.

Cedar River at Janesville, Iowa, 1905-6; 1915-

Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 1902-

Shellrock River near Clarksville, Iowa, 1915- 

Skunk River at Coppock, Iowa, 1913- 

Skunk River at Augusta, Iowa, 1913; 1915- 

Des Moines River at Jackson, Minn., 1909-1913. 

Des Moines River at Fort Dodge, Iowa, 1905-6; 1911-1913. 

Des Moines River at Kalo, Iowa, 1913- 

Des Moines River at Des Moines, Iowa, 1902-3; 1905-6. 

Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa, 1903-1906; 1911-

Raccoon River near Des Moines, Iowa, 1902-3.

Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa, 1915- 

Illinois River near Minooka, 111., 1902-1904. 

Illinois River near Seneca, 111., 1902-3. 

Illinois River near Ottawa, 111., 1902-1904. 

Illinois River near La Salle, 111., 1902-3. 

Illinois River near Peoria, 111., 1903-1906.

Kankakee River at Davis, Ind., 1905-6.

Kankakee River at Momence, 111., 1905-6; 1914-

Kankakee River at Ouster Park, 111., 1914- 

Yellow River at Knox, Ind., 1905-6.

Des Plaines River at Riverside, 111., 1896-1898.

Des Plaines River above mouth of Jackson Creek, near Channahon, 111., 

1903-1906.

Des Plaines River above Kankakee River, near Channahon, 111., 1902-3.

Des Plaines River at Lemont, 111., 1914-

Des Plaines River at Romeo, 111., 1914.

Des Plaines River at Joliet, 111., 1914-

Fox River at South Elgin, 111., 1914-15.

Fox River at Aurora, 111., 1914.

Fox River at Sheridan, 111., 1905-6.

Fox River at Wedron, 111., 1914-

Fox River at Ottawa, 111., 1903.

Vermilion River near Streator, 111., 1914-

Spoon River at Seville, 111., 1914-

Sangamon River at Monticello, 111., 1908-1912; 1914-

Sangamon River at Decatur, 111., 1905,
HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASINS. XI

Mississippi River tributaries Continued. 

Illinois River tributaries Continued.

Sangamon River at Riverton, 111., 1908-1912; 1914-

Sangamon River at Springfield, 111., 1903.

Sangamon River near Oakford, 111., 1909-1912; 1914-

Sangamon River near Chandlerville, 111., 1908-9.

South Fork of Sangamon River near Taylorville, 111., 1908-1912; 1914- 

Salt Creek near Kenny, 111., 1908-1912. 

Cahokia Creek at Poag, 111., 1909-1912. 

Kaskaskia River near Arcola, 111., 1908-1912. 

Kaskaskia River at Shelbyville, 111., 1908-1912; 1914. 

Kaskaskia River at Vandalia, 111., 1908-1912; 1914- 

Kaskaskia River at Carlyle, 111., 1908-1912; 1914-15. 

Kaskaskia River at New Athens, 111., 1907-1912; 1914-

Shoal Creek near Breese, 111., 1909-1912; 1914.

Silver Creek near Lebanon, 111., 1908-1912; 1914. 

Big Muddy River near Cambon, 111., 1908-1912. 

Big Muddy River at Plumfield, 111., 1914-

Beaucoup Creek near Pinckneyville, 111., 1908-1912; 1914.

EEPOBTS ON WATER RESOURCES OF THE HUDSON BAY AND 

UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS.

PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

Water-supply papers are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk 

(*) indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers marked in this way may, however, 

be purchased (at prices noted) from the SUPEKINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. Omission of the price indicates that the report is not obtainable from Government sources. Water-supply 

papers are of octavo size.

*21. Wells of northern Indiana, by Frank Leverett. 1899. 82 pp., 2 pis. (Continued in No. 26.) 

Discusses, by counties, glacial deposits and sources of well waters; many well sections.

57. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part I (Alabama-Montana), 

byN. H. Barton. 1902. 60pp. (See No. 149.) 5c.

61. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part II (Nebraska-Wyoming), by N. H. Darton. 1902. 67 pp. 5c.

Nos. 57 and 61 contain information as to depth, diameter, yield, and head of water in borings 

more than 400 feet deep. A revised edition was published in 1905 as Water-Supply Paper 149 

(q. v.).

96. Destructive floods in the United States in 1903, by E. C. Murphy. 1904. 81 pp., 

13 pis. 15c. 

Contains notes on early floods in Mississippi Valley.

102. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1903; *M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1904. 522 pp. 30c. 

Contains brief reports on wells and springs of Minnesota and Missouri. 

The reports comprise tabulated well records giving information as to location, owner, depth, 

yield, head, etc., supplemented by notes as to elevation above sea, material penetrated, tempera 

ture, use, and quality; many miscellaneous analyses.

114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains brief reports as follows: Missouri, by E. M. Shepard; Iowa, by W. H. Norton; Minnesota, by C. W. Hall; Wisconsin district, by Alfred R. Schultz; Illinois, by Frank Leverett; 

Indiana, by Frank Leverett; each of these reports describes briefly the topography of the area, 

the relation of the geology to the water supplies, and gives list of pertinent publications; lists 

also principal mineral springs.
Xn STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS.

117. The lignite of North Dakota and its relation to irrigation, by F. A. Wilder. 1905. 

59pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Describes the thickness, extent, variations, and fuel value of the lignite and its use for pumping 

water, the area, soils and lignite of the river flats, and the status of irrigation in the State.

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller,

geologist in charge. 1905. 220pp., 6 pis. lOc.

Contains two reports relating to areas draining to Hudson Bay or upper Mississippi River: 

Water resources of Mineral Point quadrangle, Wisconsin, by U. S. Grant. Describes springs,

streams, and shallow and deep wells. 

Water supplies at Waterloo, Iowa, by W. H. Norton. Summarizes results of investigations to

determine availability of artesian water to replace the surface supply from Cedar River; discusses

necessity of test wells, supplementary supplies, artesian head, and permanency of flow.

149. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, second edition, with additions, by N. H. Darton. 1905. 175 pp. lOc.

Gives by States (and within the States by counties), the location, depth, diameter, yield, height 

of water, and other features of wells 400 feet or more in depth; includes all wells listed in WaterSupply Papers 57 and 61; mentions also principal publications relating to deep borings.

*156. Water powers of northern Wisconsin, by L. S. Smith. 1-906. 145 pp., 5 pis. 25c. 

Describes by river systems the drainage, geology, topography, rainfall, and run-off, water 

powers, and dams.

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index of flood literature, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pis. I5c.

Contains accounts of floods in southeastern Minnesota, on Devils Creek, Iowa, and in Des 

Moines County, Iowa; gives estimates of flood discharge and frequency on Illinois River and on 

Mississippi River at St. Paul; gives also index to literature on floods on American streams.

*193. The quality of surface waters in Minnesota, by R. B. Dole and F. F. Wesbrook. 

1907. 171 pp., 7 pis. 25c.

Describes by river basins the topography, geology, and soils, the industrial and municipal 

pollution of the streams, and gives notes on the municipalities; contains many analyses.

*194. Pollution of Illinois and Mississippi Rivers by Chicago sewage (a digest of the 

testimony taken in the case of the State of Missouri -v. the State of Illinois 

and the Sanitary District of Chicago), by M. O. Leighton. 1907. 369 pp., 

2 pis. 40c. 

Scope indicated by amplification of title.

*195. Underground waters of Missouri, their geology and utilization, by E. M. Shepard. 

1907. 224 pp., 6 pis. 30c.

Describes the topography and geology of the State, the waters of the various formations, and 

discusses the water supplies by districts and counties, gives statistics of city water supplies, 

analyses of waters, and many well records.

*227. Geology and underground waters of South Dakota, by N. H. Darton. 1909. 

156pp., 15 pis. 40c.

Describes physical features, geologic formations, water horizons, and, by counties, deep wells 

and weH, prospects; gives notes on construction and management of artesian wells.

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States: Part I. Analyses of waters 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc.

Describes collection of samples, methods of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy 

of estimates and expression of analytical results; gives results of analyses of waters of Mississippi, 

Minnesota, Chippewa, Wisconsin, Rock, Iowa, Cedar, Des Moines, Illinois, Kaiikakee, Fox, 

Sangamon, Kaskaskia, and Big Muddy rivers.

239. The quality of the surface waters of Illinois, by W. D. Collins. 1910. 94 pp., 

3 pis. lOc.

Discusses the natural and economic features that determine the character of the streams, 

describes the larger drainage basins, and the methods of collecting and analyzing the samples 

of water, and discusses each river in detail with reference to its source and course and the quality 

of water; includes short chapters on municipal supplies and industrial uses.
HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. XIII

254. The underground waters of north-central Indiana, by S. R. Capps, -with a 

chapter on the chemical character of the waters, by R. B. Dole. 1910. 279 

pp., 7 pis. 40c.

Describes relief, drainage, vegetation, soils, and crops, industrial development, geologic formations; sources, movements, occurrence, and volume of ground water; methods of well construction and lifting devices; discusses, in detail for each county, surface features and drainage, 

geology and ground water, city, village, and rural supplies, and gives records of wells and analyses of waters. Discusses also, under chemical character, methods of analyses and expression 

of results, mineral constituents, efl'ect of the constituents on waters for domestic, industrial, 

and medicinal uses, methods of purification, chemical composition; many analyses and field 

assays.

256. Geology and underground waters of southern Minnesota, by C. W. Hall, O. E. 

Meinzer, and M. L. Fuller. 1911. 406 pp., 18 pis. 60c.

Discusses the physiography of the State, geologic formations and their water-bearing capacity, 

artesian conditions, the mineral quality of the underground waters, types of wells, finishing 

wells in sand, drilling in quartzite, fluctuation in yield and head, "blowing" and "breathing" 

wells, freezing of wells, drainage by wells, hydraulic rams, and scientific prospecting for water, 

municipal supplies, power, storage and distribution, consumption of water, prices, sanitation. 

Gives by counties details concerning surface features, rocks, yield, head, and quality of water, 

and summaries and analyses.

293. Underground water resources of Iowa, by W. H. Norton, W. S. Hendrixson, 

H. E. Simpson, O. E. Meinzer, and others. 1912. 994 pp., 18 pis. 70c.

Describes the relief, drainage, temperature, and precipitation of the State and the geologic 

formations; discusses the geologic occurrence of underground waters, artesian phenomena and 

yield of artesian wells, the chemical composition of underground waters, municipal, domestic, 

and industrial water supplies, and mineral waters; gives details concerning topography,geology, 

underground waters, and city and village supplies by districts and counties.

*345. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914. N. C. Grover, 

chief hydraulic engineer. 1915. 225 pp., 17 pis. 30c. Contains: 

(i) Gazetteer gf surface waters of Iowa, by W. G. Hoyt and H. J. Ryan, pp. 169-221.

ANNUAL REPORTS.

Each of the papers contained in the annual reports was also issued in separate form.

Annual reports are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk (*) 

indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers so marked, however, may be purchased 

from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

*Sixteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1894-95. 4 parts. 

*Pt. II. Papers of an economic character, xix, 598 pp., 43 pis. fl.25. Contains:

The public lands and their water supply, by F. H. Newell, pp. 457-533, pis. 35 to 39. Describes

general character of the public lands, the lands disposed of (railroad, grant, and swamp lands,

' and private miscellaneous entries), lands reserved (Indian, forest, and military reservations),

the vacant lands, and the rate of disposal of vacant lands; discusses the streams, wells, and

reservoirs as sources of water supply; gives details for each State.

Seventeenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1895-96, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director, 1896; 3 parts in 4 vols. *Pt. II. Economic geology 

and hydrography, xxv, 864 pp., 113 pis. $2.35. Contains:

Preliminary report on artesian waters of a portion of the Dakotas, by N. H. Darton, pp. 603-694, 

pis. 69 to 107. Gives an outline of the geologic relations; describes the water horizons and the 

extent of the artesian water, and gives details concerning wells and prospects by counties; discusses the origin, amount, pressure, head, and composition of the artesian waters, the use of 

artesian water for power, and gives details concerning artesian irrigation by counties; contains 

also remarks on the construction and management of artesian wells.

*The water resources of Illinois, by Frank Leverett, pp. 695-849, pis. 108 to 113. Describes 

the physical features of the State, and the drainage basins, including Illinois, DCS Plaines, Kankakee, Fox, Illinois-Vermilion, Spoon, Mackinaw, and Sangamon rivers, Macoupin Creek, Rock 

River, tributaries of the Mississippi in western niinois, Kaskaskia, Big Muddy, and tributaries of 

the Wabash; discusses the rainfall and run-off, navigable waters and water powers, the wells 

supplying water for rural districts, and artesian wells; contains tabulated artesian well data and 

water analyses.
XIV STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS.

Eighteenth. Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1896-97, 5 parts in 

6 vols. *Pt. IV, Hydrography, x, 756 pp., 102 pis. $1.75. Contains:

*The water resources of Indiana and Ohio, by Frank Leverett, pp. 419-560, pis. 33 to 37. 

Describes the Wabash, Whitewater, Great Miami, Little Miami, Scioto, Hocking, Muskingum. 

and Beaver rivers, streams and lesser tributaries of the Ohio in Indiana and Ohio, the streams 

discharging into Lake Erie and Lake Michigan, and streams flowing to the upper Mississippi 

through the Illinois, discusses shallow and drift wells, the flowing wells from the drift and deeper 

artesian wells, and gives records of wells at many of the cities; describes the mineral springs, and 

gives analyses of the waters; contains also tabulated lists of cities using surface waters for waterworks, and of cities and villages using shallow and deep-well waters; discusses the .source and 

quality of the city and village supplies: and gives precipitation tables for various points.

BULLETINS.

An asterisk (*) indicates that the Geological Survey's stock ofthe paper is exhausted. Many of the papers 

so marked may be purchased from the SUPERINTENDENT OP DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

*264. Record of deep well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. 

Veatch. 1905. 106pp. lOc.

Discusses the importance of accurate well records to the driller, to owners of oil, gas, and water 

wells, and to the geologist; describes the general methods of work; gives tabulated records of 

wells in Illinois and Iowa, and detailed records of wells in Boone, Dupage, Henry, and La Salle 

counties, 111., and Des Moines and Scott counties, Iowa. These wells were selected because they 

give definite stratigraphic information.

*298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford 

1906. 299 pp. 25c.

Gives an account of progress in the collection of well records and samples; contains tabulated 

records of wells in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota, 

and Wisconsin; and detailed records of wells in Brown, Hancock, La Salle, Pike, and Schuyler 

counties, 111.; Blackhawk, Floyd, Louisa, Mahaska, Scott, and Wapello counties, Iowa; and 

Hennepin, Ottertail, and Pine counties, Minn. The wells of which detailed sections are given 

were selected because they afford valuable stratigraphic information.

GEOLOGIC FOLIOS.

Under the plan adopted for the preparation of a geologic map of the United States 

the entire area is divided into small quadrangles bounded by certain meridians and 

parallels, and these quadrangles, which number several thousand, are. separately 

surveyed arid mapped. 1 The unit of survey is also the unit of publication, and the 

maps and description of each quadrangle are issued in the form of a folio. When all 

the folios are completed they will constitute the Geologic Atlas of the United States.

A folio is designated by the name of the principal town or of a prominent natural 

feature within the quadrangle. Each folio includes maps showing the topography, 

geology, underground structure, and mineral deposits of the area mapped and several 

pages of descriptive text. The text explains the maps and describes the topographic 

and geologic features of the country and its mineral products. The topographic map 

shows roads, railroads, waterways, and, by contour lines, the shapes of hills and valleys and the height above sea level of all points in the quadrangle. The areal-geology 

map shows the distribution of the various rocks at the surface. The structural-geology 

map shows the relations of the rocks to one another underground. The economicgeology map indicates the location of mineral deposits that are commercially valuable. 

The artesian-water map shows the depth to underground-water horizons. Economicgeology and artesian-water maps are included in folios if the conditions in the areas 

mapped warrant their publication. The folios are of special interest to students of 

geography and geology and are valuable as guides in the development and utilization 

of mineral resources.

i Index maps showing areas in the Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins covered by topographic maps and by geologic folios will be mailed on receipt of request addressed to the Director, U. S. 

Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.
HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. XV

'the folios numbered from 1 to 163, inclusive, are published in only one form (18 by 

22 inches), called the library edition. Some of the folios that bear numbers higher 

than 163 are published also in an octavo edition (6 by 9 inches). Owing to a fire in 

the Geological Survey building May 18, 1913, the stock of geologic folios was more or 

les^ damaged by fire and water, but 80 or 90 per cent of the folios are usable. They 

will be sold at the uniform price of 5 cents each, with no reduction for wholesale 

orders. This rate applies to folios in stock from 1 to 184, inclusive (except reprints), 

also to the library edition of folio 186. The library edition of folios 185, 187, and 

higher numbers sells for 25 cents a copy, except that some folios which contain an 

unusually large amount of matter sell at higher prices. The octavo edition of folio 

185 and higher numbers sells for 50 cents a copy. A discount of 40 per cent is 

allowed on an order for folios or for folios together with topographic maps amounting 

to $5 at the retail rate.

All the folios contain descriptions of the drainage of the quadrangles. The folios 

in the following list contain also brief discussions of the underground waters in connection with the economic resources of the areas and more or less information concerning 

thd utilization of the water resources.

An asterisk (*) indicates that the stock of the folio is exhausted. 

11?. Casselton-Fargo, North Dakota-Minnesota.

Gives a somewhat detailed account of the water supply, including descriptions and logs of 

principal wells and tabulated well records; contains artesian-water maps showing areas which 

will probably yield flowing wells.

*145. Lancaster-Mineral Point, Wiseonsin-Iowa-Illinois.

Discusses the springs, shallow and deep wells, streams and water power; gives analyses of 

artesian water from well at Dubuque, Iowa.

1<58. Jamestown-Tower (Jamestown, Eckelson, and Tower quadrangles), North 

Dakota. 1

Discusses shallow, deep, and artesian wells; head, pressure, power, volume, and character of 

the"water, and gives a tabulated list of representative wells; contains an artesian-water' map 

showing areas in which flowing wells may probably be obtained.

185. Murphysboro-Herrin, Illinois. 

188. Tallula-Springfield, Illinois.

Discusses wells and the wholesomeness of the water; gives analyses of water from wells In 

the city of Springfield.

195. Belleville-Breese, Illinois.

Discusses wells and gives analyses of water from springs and wells.

MISCELLANEOUS REPORTS.

Other Federal bureaus and State and other organizations have 

from time to time published reports relating to the water resources of 

the various sections of the country. Notable among those pertaining to the Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins are the 

reports of the State surveys of Illinois and North Dakota, the Wisconsin Geological ami Natural History Survey and the Railroad Commission of Wisconsin, the Illinois Water-Supply Commission, and the 

Rivers and Lakes Commission of Illinois, and the water-power report 

of the Tenth Census (vol. 17). The following reports deserve special 

mention:

Contributions to the physical geography of the United States, Part I. On the physical geography of the Mississippi Valley, with suggestions for the improvement of navii Issued in two editions (see first paragraph, this page). Specify which edition is wanted.
XVI STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS.

gation of the Ohio and other rivers, by Charles Ellet, jr.: Smithsonian Pub. 13, Washington, 1850.

The Mississippi and Ohio rivers, by Charles H. Ellet. 1853.

Report upon the physics and hydraulics of the Mississippi River, by A. A. Humphreys and H. L. Abbott.

The mineral content of Illinois waters, by Edward Bartow, J. A. Udden, S. W. 

Parr, and George T. Palmer: Illinois State Geol. Survey Bull. 10, 1909.

Water resources of the East St. Louis district, by Isaiah Bowman: Illinois State 

Geol. Survey Bull. 5,1907.

Chemical and biological survey of waters of Illinois, by Edward Bartow: Univ. 

Illinois Pub. 3, 6, 7, 1906-1909.

Chemical survey of the waters of Illinois, report for the years 1897-1902, by A. W. 

Palmer, with report on Geology of Illinois as related to its water supply, by Charles 

W. Rolfe: TJniv. Illinois Pub.

Report and plans for the reclamation of lands subject to overflow in the Kaskaskia 

River Valley, Illinois; begun under the direction of the Internal Improvement Commission; completed and published under the direction of the Rivers and Lakes Commission of Illinois, by Jacob A. Harman. 1912.

Diversion of the waters of the Great Lakes by way of the sanitary and ship canal of 

Chicago: A brief of the facts and issues, by Lyman E. Cooley, Chicago, 1913.

The State of Missouri vs. the State of Illinois and the Sanitary district of Chicago, 

before Frank S. Bright, Commissioner of the Supreme Court of the United States. 1904.

The mineral waters of Indiana, their location, origin, and character, by W. S. Blatchley: Indiana Dept. Geology and Nat. Res. Twenty-sixth Ann. Rept., 1901.

Report of the water resources investigation of Minnesota by the State drainage 

commission, 1910.

Report of the commission on conservation [Montana] on bills relating to the public 

lands, water rights, and the protection and preservation of the forests, 1911.

Governor's message relating to conservation [in Montana] on bills relating to public 

lands, water rights, and the protection and preservation of the forests.

Water resources of the Devils Lake region, North Dakota, by E. J. Babcock: North 

Dakota Geol. Survey, Second Bienn. Rept., 1903.

The water powers of Wisconsin, by Leonard S. Smith: Wisconsin Geol. and Nat. 

Hist. Survey Bull. 20. Madison, Wis., 1908.

Report of the Railroad Commission of Wisconsin to the legislature on water powers. 

Madison, Wis., 1915.

Many of these reports can be obtained by applying to the several 

organizations, and most of them can be consulted in the public 

libraries of the larger cities.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY HYDBOLOGIC REPORTS OF GENERAL

INTEREST.

The following list comprises reports not readily classifiable by drainage basins and covering a wide range of hydrologic investigations:

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

*1. Pumping water for irrigation, by H. M. Wilson. 1896. 57 pp., 9 pis.

Describes pumps and motive powers, windmills, water wheels, and various kinds of engines; 

also storage reservoirs to retain pumped water until needed for irrigation.

*3. Sewage irrigation, by G. W. Rafter. 1897. 100 pp., 4 pis. lOc. (See WaterSupply Paper 22.)

Discusses methods of sewage disposal by intermittent filtration and by irrigation; describes 

utilization of sewage in Germany, England, and France and sewage purification in the United

*8. Windmills for irrigation, by E. C. Murphy. 1897. 49 pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Gives results of experimental tests of windmills during the summer of 1896 in the vicinity o 

Garden, Kans.; describes instruments and methods and draws conclusions.

*14. New tests of certain pumps and water lifts used in irrigation, by O. P. Hood. 

1898. 91 pp., 1 pi. lOc. 

Discusses efficiency of pumps and water lifts of various types. 

*20. Experiments with windmills, by T. O. Perry. 1899. 97 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Includes tables and descriptions of wind wheels, makes comparisons of wheels of several types 

and discusses results.

*22. Sewage irrigation, Part II, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 100 pp., 7 pis. 15c.

Gives resume1 of Water-Supply Paper No. 3; discusses pollution of certain streams, experiments 

on purification of factory wastes in Massachusetts, value of commercial fertilizers, and describes 

American sewage-disposal plants by States; contains bibliography of publications relating to 

sewage, utilization, and disposal.

*32. Water resources of Puerto Rico, by H. M. Wilson. 1899. 48 pp., 17 pis. 15c.

Describes "briefly topography, climate, rivers, irrigation methods, soils, forestation, water 

power, and transportation facilities.

*41. The windmill; its efficiency and economic use, Part I, by E. C. Murphy. 1901. 

72 pp., 14 pis. 15c.

*42. The windmill; its efficiency and economic use, Part II, by E. C. Murphy. 1901. 

75 pp., 2 pis. lOc.

Nos. 41 and 42 give details of results of experimental tests with windmills of various types.

*43. Conveyance of water in irrigation canals, flumes, and pipes, by Samuel Fortier. 

1901. 86 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

*44. Profiles of rivers in the United States, by Henry Gannett. 1901. 100 pp., 11 pis.

15c. \

Gives elevations and distances along rivers of the United States; also brief descriptions of many 

of the streams. Arrangement geographic. Many river profiled are scattered through other 

reports on surface waters of various parts of the United States.

*56. Methods of stream measurement. 1901. 51 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Describes the methods used by the survey in 1901-2. (See also Nos. 64,94, and 95.) 

 XVII
XVIII STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS.

64. Accuracy of stream measurements, by E. C. Murphy. 1902. 99 pp., 4 pis.

(See No. 95.) lOc.

Describes methods of measuring velocity of water and of measuring and computing stream flow 

and compares results obtained with the different instruments and methods; describes also experiments and results at the Cornell University hydraulic laboratory. A second, enlarged edition published as Water-Supply Paper 95.

*67. The motions of underground waters, by C. S. Slichter. 1902. 106 pp., 8 pis. 

15c.

Discusses origin, depth, and amount of ground waters; permeability of rocks and porosity of 

soils; causes, rates, and laws of motions of ground water; surface and deep zones of flow, and 

recovery of waters by open wells and artesian and deep wells; treats of the shape and position 

of the water table; gives simple methods of measuring yield of flowing well.

72. Sewage pollution in the metropolitan area near New York Gity and its effect on 

inland water resources, by M. O. Leigh-ton. 1902. 75 pp., 8 pis. lOc. 

Defines "normal" and "polluted" waters and discusses the damage resulting from pollution.

77. The water resources of Molokai, Hawaiian Islands, by Waldemar Lindgren. 

1903. 62 pp., 4 pis. lOc.

Describes topography and geology of the island, the springs, running streams, and wells; 

discusses utilization of the surface and underground waters.

79. Normal and polluted waters in northeastern United States, by M. O. Leighton. 

1903., 192 pp. lOc.

Defines essential qualities of water for various uses, the impurities in rain, surface, and ground 

waters, meaning and importance of sanitary analyses, and principal sources of pollution.

*80. The relation of rainfall to run-off, by G. W! Barter. 1903. 104 pp. lOc.

Treats of measurements of rainfall and laws and measurements of stream flow; gives rainfall, 

run-off, and evaporation formulas; discusses effect of forests on rainfall and run-off.

87. Irrigation in India (second edition), by H. M. Wilson. 1903. 238 pp., 27 pis. 

25c. 

First edition was published in Part II of the Twelfth Annual Report.

93. Proceedings of first conference of engineers of the Eeclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, chief engineer. 1904. 

361 pp. 25c.

Contains the following papers of more or less general interest: 

Limits of an irrigation project, by D. W. Boss. 

Relation of Federal and State laws to irrigation, by Morris Bien. 

Electrical transmission of power for pumping, by H. A. Storrs. 

Correct design and stability of high masonry dams, by Geo. Y. Wisner. 

Irrigation surveys and the use of the plane table, by J. B. Lippincott. 

The use of alkaline waters for irrigation, by Thomas A. Means.

*94. Hydrographic manual of the United States Geological Survey, prepared by E. C. 

Murphy, J. C. Hoyt, and G. B. Hollister. 1904. 76 pp., 3 pis. lOc.

Gives instruction for field and office work relating to measurements of stream flow by current meters. See also No. 95.

*95. Accuracy of stream measurement (second, enlarged edition), by E. C. Murphy. 

1904. 169 pp., 6 pis.

Describes methods of»measuring and computing stream flow and compares results derived 

from different instruments and methods. See also No. 94.

103. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, 

by E. B. Goodell. 1904. 120 pp. (See No. 152.)

Explains the legal principles under which antipollution statutes become operative, quotes 

court decisions to show authority for various deductions, and classifies according to scope the 

statutes enacted in the different States.
HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. XIX

110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 211 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Contains the following reports of general interest. The scope of each paper is indicated by 

its title.

Description of underflow meter used in measuring the velocity and direction of underground 

water, by Charles S. Slichter.

The California or "stovepipe" method of well construction, by Charles S. Slichter.

Approximate methods of measuring the yield of flowing wells, by Charles S. Slichter. .

Corrections necessary in accurate determinations of flow from vertical well casings, from notes 

furnished by A. N. Talbot.

Experiment relating to problems of well contamination at Quitman, Ga., by S. W. McCallie.

Notes on the hydrology of Cuba, by M. L. Fuller.

113. The disposal of strawboard and oil-well wastes, by R. L. Sackett and Isaiah 

Bowman. 1905. 52 pp., 4 pis. 5c.

The first paper discusses the pollution of streams by sewage and by trade wastes, describes the 

manufacture of strawboard and gives results of various experiments in disposing of the waste. 

The second paper describes briefly the topography, drainage, and geology of the region about 

Marion, Ind., the contamination of rock wells and of streams by waste oil and brine.

114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains report on " Occurrence of underground waters," by M. L. Fuller, discussing sources, 

amount, and temperature of waters; permeability and storage capacity of rocks, water-bearing 

formations; recovery of water by springs, wells, and pumps; essential conditions of artesian 

flows; and general conditions affecting underground waters in eastern United States.

115. River surveys and profiles made during 1903, by W. C. Hall and J. C. Hoyt. 

1905. 115 pp., 4 pis. lOc. 

Contains results of surveys made to determine location of undeveloped power sites.

119. Index to the hydrographic progress reports of the United States Geological 

Survey, 1888 to 1903, by J. C. Hoyt and B. D. Wood. 1905. 253 pp. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

120. Bibliographic review and index of papers relating to underground waters published by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1904, by M. L. Fuller. 

1905. 128 pp. lOc. 

Scope indicated by title.

*122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by D. W. Johnson. 1905. 55 pp. 

5c.

Defines and classifies underground waters, gives common-law rules relating to their use, and 

cites States legislative acts affecting them.

140. Field measurements of the rate of movement of underground waters, by C. S. 

Slichter. 1905. 122 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

Discusses the capacity of sand to transmit water; describes measurements of underflow in Rio 

Hondo, San Gabriel, and Mohave River valleys, Cal., and on Long Island, N. Y.; gives results of 

tests of wells and pumping plants, and describes stovepipe method of well construction.

143. Experiments on steel-concrete pipes on a working scale, by J. H. Quinton. 

1905. 61 pp., 4 pis. 

Scope indicated by title.

144. The normal distribution of chlorine in the natural waters of New York and 

New England, by D. D. Jackson. 1905. 31 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Discusses common salt in coast and inland waters; salt as an index to pollution of streams and 

wells; the solutions and methods used in chlorine determinations, and the use of the normal 

chlorine map; gives charts and tables for chlorine in the New England States and New York.
XX STBEAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS.

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. lOc.

Contains brief reports of general interest as follows:

Drainage of ponds into drilled wells, by Robert E. Horton. Discusses efficiency, cost, and 

capacity of drainage wells and gives statistics of such wells in southern Michigan.

Construction of so-called fountain and geyser springs, by Myron L. Fuller.

A convenient gage for determining low artesian heads, by Myron L. Fuller.

146. Proceedings of second conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, chief engineer. 1905. 

267 pp. 15c.

Contains brief account of the organization of the hydrographic [water-resources] branch and the 

Reclamation Service, reports of conferences and committees, circulars of instruction, and many 

brief reports on subjects closely related to reclamation, and a bibliography of technical papers by 

members of the service. Of the papers read at the conference those listed below (scope indicated 

by title) are of more or less general interest:

Proposed State code of water laws, by Morris Bien.

Power engineering applied to irrigation problems, by O. H. Ensign.

Estimates on tunneling in irrigation projects, by A. L. Fellows.

Collection of stream-gaging data, by N. C. Grover.

Diamond-drill methods, by G. A. Hammond.

Mean-velocity and area curves, by F. W. Hanna.

Importance of general hydrographic data concerning basins of streams gaged, by R. E. Horton.

Effect of aquatic vegetation on stream flow, by R. E. Horton.

Sanitary regulations governing construction camps, by M. O. Leighton.

Necessity of drain ing irrigated land, by Thos. H. Means.

Alkali soils, by Thos. H. Means.

Cost of stream-gaging work, by E. C. Murphy.

Equipment of a cable gaging station, by E. C. Murphy.

Silting of reservoirs, by W. M. Reed.

Farm-unit classification, by D. W. Ross.

Cost of power for pumpjng irrigating water, by H. A. Storrs.

Records of flow at current-meter gaging stations during the frozen season, by F. H. Tillinghast.

147. Destructive floods in United States in 1904, by E. C. Murphy and others. 1905. 

206pp., 18 pis. 15c.

Contains a brief account of "A method of computing cross-section area of waterways," including formulas for maximum discharge and areas of cross section.

150. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 189 

pp., 38 pis. (See Water-Supply Paper 200.) 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*151. Field assay of water, by M. O. Leighton. 1905. 77 pp., 4 pis. lOc.

Discusses methods, instruments, and reagents used in determining turbidity, color, iron, 

chlorides, and hardness in connection with the studies of the quality of water in various parts 

of the United States.

152. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, 

second edition, by E. B. Goodell. 1905. 149 pp. lOc. 

Scope indicated by title.

*155. Fluctuations of the water level in wells, with special reference to Long Island, 

N. Y., by A. C. Veatch. 1906. 83pp., 9 pis. 25c.

Includes general discussion of fluctuation due to rainfall and evaporation, barometric changes, 

temperature changes in rivers, changes in lake level, tidal changes, effects of settlement, irrigation, dams, underground-water development, and to indeterminate causes.

*160. Underground-water papers, 1906; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 1906. 104 

pp., 1 pi.

Gives account of work in 1905; lists of publications relating to underground waters, and contains the following brief reports of general interest: 

Significance of the term "artesian," by Myron L. Fuller. 

Representation of wells and springs on maps, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Total amount of free water in the earth's crust, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Use of fluorescein in the study of underground waters, by R. B. Dole. 

Problems of water contamination, by Isaiah Bowman. 

Instances of improvement of water in wells, by Myron L. Fuller.
HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. XXI

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

*163. Bibliographic review and index of underground-water literature published in 

the United States in 1905, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, and B. L. Johnson. 

1906. 130pp. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*179. Prevention of stream pollution by distillery refuse, based on investigations at 

Lynchburg, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 34pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Describes grain distillation, treatment of slop, sources, character, and effects of effluents on 

streams; discusses filtration, precipitation, fermentation, and evaporation methods of disposal 

of wastes without pollution.

*180. Turbine water-wheel tests and power tables, by E. E. Horton. 1906. 134 pp., 

2 pis. 20c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*185. Investigations on the purification of Boston sewage, by C-E. A. Winslow and 

E. B. Phelps. 1906. 163 pp. 25c.

Discusses composition, disposal, purification, and treatment of sewages and recent tendencies 

in sewage-disposal practice in England, Germany, and the United States; describes character 

of crude sewage at Boston, removal of suspended matter, treatment in septic tanks, and purification in intermittent sand filtration and coarse material; gives bibliography.

*186. Stream pollution by acid-iron wastes, a report based on investigations made at 

, Shelby, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 36 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Gives history of pollution by acid-iron wastes at Shelby, Ohio, and resulting litigation; discusses effect of acid-iron liquors on sewage purification processes, recovery of copperas from acid-

* iron wastes, and other processes for removal of pickling liquor.

*187. Determination of stream flow during the frozen season, by H. K. Barrows and 

E. E. Horton. 1907. 93 pp., 1 pi. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*189. The prevention of stream pollution by strawboard waste, by E. B. Phelps, 

1906. 29 pp., 2 pis. 5c.

Describes manufacture of strawboard, present and proposed methods of disposal of waste 

liquors, laboratory investigations of precipitation and sedimentation, and field studies of 

amounts and character of water used, raw material and finished product, and mechanical 

filtration.

*194. Pollution of Illinois and Mississippi rivers by Chicago sewage (a digest of the 

testimony taken in the case of the State of Missouri v. the State of Illinois 

and the Sanitary District of Chicago), by M. O. Leighton. 1907. 369 pp., 

2 pis. 40c. 

Scope indicated by amplification of title.

*196. Water supply of Nome region, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 1906, by J. C. Hoyt 

and F. F. Henshaw. 1907. 52 pp., 6 pis. 15c.

Gives results of measurements of flow of Alaskan streams, discusses available water supply 

for ditch and pipe lines and power development; presents notes for investors.

*200. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas, revision of paper No. 150, by 

E. E. Horton. 1907. '195 pp., 38 pis. 35c.

Scope indicated by title.

*218. Water-supply investigations in Alaska, 1906-07 (Nome and Kougarok regions, 

Seward Peninsula; Fairbanks district, Yukon-Tanana region), by F. F. 

Henshaw and C. C. Covert. 1908. 156 pp., 12 pis. 25c.

Describes the drainage basins, gives results of observations at the gaging stations, and discusses 

the water supply of the ditches and pipe lines, and possibilities of development; gives also 

meteorologicalrecords.
1TXTT STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS.

*226. The pollution of streams by sulphite pulp waste, a study of possible remidies, 

by E. B. Phelps. 1909. 37 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Describes manufacture of sulphite pulp, the waste liquors, and the experimental work leading 

to suggestions as to methods of preventing stream pollution.

228. Water-supply investigations of the Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska, 1907 and 1908, 

Fairbanks, Circle, and Rampart districts, by C. C. Covert and 0. E. Ellsworth. 1909. 108 pp., 7 pis. 20c.

Describes the drainage basins; gives results of observations at gaging stations; discusses the 

water supplies of the ditches and pipe lines and possibilities o/ hydraulic development.

*229. The disinfection of sewage and sewage filter effluents, with a chapter on the 

putrescibility and stability of sewage effluents, by E. B. Phelps. 1909. 91 

pp., 1 pi. 15c. 

Sccpe indicated by title.

*234. Papers on the conservation of water resources. 1909. 96 pp., 2 pis. 15c.

Contains the following papers, whose scope is indicated by their titles: Distribution of rainfall, 

by Henry Gannett; Floods, by M. O. Leighton; Developed water powers, compiled under the 

direction of W. M. Steuart, with discussion by M, O. Leighton; Undeveloped water powers, by 

M. O. Leighton; Irrigation, by F. H. Newell; Underground waters, by W. C. Mendenhall; 

Denudation, by R. B. Dole and Herman Stabler; Control of catchment areas, by H. N. Parker.

*235. The purification of some textile and other factory wastes, by Herman Stabler 

and G. H. Pratt. 1909. 76 pp. lOc.

Discusses waste waters from wool scouring, bleaching and dyeing cotton yarn, bleaching 

cotton piece goods, and manufacture of oleomargarine, fertilizer, and glue.

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States: Part I. Analyses of waters 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc.

Describes collection of samples, method of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy 

of estimates, and expression of analytical results.

238. The public utility of water powers and their governmental regulation, by Rene" 

Tavernier and M. O. Leighton. 1910. 161pp. ]5c.

Discusses hydraulic power and irrigation, French, Italian, and Swiss legislation relative to the 

development of water powers, and laws proposed in the French Parliament, reviews work of 

bureau of hydraulics and agricultural improvement of the French department of agriculture, 

and gives resume1 of Federal and State water-power legislation in the United States.

*255. Underground waters for farm use, by M. L. Fuller. 1910. 58 pp., 17 pis. 15c.

Discusses rocks as sources of water supply and the relative safety of supplies from different

materials; springs and their protection; open or dug and deep wells, their location, yield, relative

cost, protection, and safety; advantages and disadvantages of cisterns and combination wells

and cisterns.

*257. Well -drilling methods, by Isaiah Bowman. 1911. 139pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Discusses amount, distribution, and disposal of rainfall, water-bearing rocks, amount of underl 

ground water, artesian conditions, and oil and gas bearing formations; gives history of we! 

drilling in Asia, Europe, and the United States; describes in detail the various methods and the 

machinery used; discusses loss of tools and geologic difficulties; contamination of well waters 

and methods of prevention; tests of capacfty and measurement of depth; and costs of sinking 

wells.

*258. Underground water-papers, 1910, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, G. C. Matson, 

Samuel Sanford, and H. C. Wolff. 1911. 123pp., 2 pis. 15c.

Contains the following papers (scope indicated by titles) of general interest:

Drainage by wells, by M. L. Fuller.

Freezing of wells and related phenomena, by M. L. Fuller.

Pollution of underground waters in limestone, by G. C. Matson.

Protection of shallow wells in sandy deposits, by M. L. Fuller.

Magnetic wells, by M. L. Fuller.
HUDSON BAY AND TJPPEK MISSISSIPPI RIVEE BASINS. XXIII

259. The underground waters of southwestern Ohio, by M. L. Fuller and F. G. 

Olapp, with a discussion of the chemical character of the waters, by R. B. 

Dole. 1912. 228 pp., 9 pis. 35c.

Describes the topography, climate, and geology of the region, the water-bearing formations, the 

source, mode of occurrence, and head of the waters, and municipal supplies; gives details by 

counties; discusses in supplement, under chemical character, method of analysis and expression 

of results, mineral constituents, effect of the constituents on waters for domestic, industrial, or 

medicinal uses, methods of purification, chemical composition; many analyses and field assays. 

The matter in the supplement was also published in Water-Supply Paper 254 (The underground 

waters of north-central Indiana).

274. Some stream waters of the western United States, with chapters on sediment 

carried by the Bio Grande and the industrial application of water analyses, 

by Herman Stabler. 1911. 188 pp. 15c.

Describes collection of samples, plan of analytical work, and methods of analyses; discusses 

soap-consuming power of waters, water softening, boiler waters, and water for irrigation; gives 

results of analyses of waters of the Rio Grande and of Pecos, Gallinas, and Hondo Rivers.

280. Gaging stations maintained by the United States Geological Survey, 1888- 

1910, and Survey publications relating to water resources, compiled by 

B. D. Wood. 1912. 102 pp. lOc.

314. Surface water supply of Seward Peninsula, Alaska, by F. F. Henshaw and G. L. 

Parker, with a sketch of the geography and geology by P. S. Smith, and a 

description of methods of placer mining by A. H. Brooks. 1913. 317 pp., 

17 pis. 45c. 

Contains results of work at gaging stations.

*315. 4The purification of public water supplies, by G. A. Johnson. 1913. 84.pp., 8 

pis. lOc.

Discusses ground, lake, and river waters as public supplies, development of waterworks systems in the United States, water consumption, and typhoid fever; describes methods of filtration and sterilization of water, and municipal water softening.

318. Water resources of Hawaii, 1909-1911, by W. F. Martin and C. H. Pierce. 1913. 

552pp., 15 pis. 50c.

Describes the general features of the islands and gives results of measurements of streams and 

of observations of rainfall and evaporation; contains a gazetteer.

334. The Ohio Valley flood of March-April, 1913, (including comparisons with some 

earlier floods), by A. H. Horton and H. J. Jackson. 1913. 96 pp. 22 pis. 20c. 

Although relating specifically to floods in the Ohio Valley, this report discusses also the causes 

of floods and the prevention of damage by floods.

336. Water resources of Hawaii, 1912, by C. H. Pierce and G. K. Larrison. 1914. 

392 pp. 50c. 

Contains results of stream measurements in 1912.

337. The effects of ice on stream flow, by William Glenn Hoyt. 1913. 77 pp., 7 

pis., 15c. 

Discusses methods of measuring the winter flow of streams.

342. Surface water supply of the Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska, by C. E. Ellsworth 

and E. W. Davenport. 1915. 343 pp., 13 pis. 45c.

Presents results of 6 years' observations of the water supply of the Yukon-Tanana region, discusses climate and precipitation, and gives station records.

*345. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914. N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1915. 225 pp., 17 pis. 30c. Contains:

(e) A method of determining the daily discharge of rivers of variable slope, by M. R. Hall. 

W. E. Hall, and C. H. Pierce, pp. 53-65. Scope indicated by title.

(/) The discharge of Yukon River at Eagle, Alaska, by E. A. Porter and R. W. Davenport, 

pp. 67-77, Pis. 4 and 5. Describes briefly the location and size of the Yukon basin, the climatic 

conditions in the basin, and methods of collecting hydrometric data; compares run-off with precipitation, and gives table showing the discharge of some of the large rivers in the United States 

as compared with the discharge of the Yukon and the Nile.
XXIV STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS.

364. Water analyses from the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey, tabulated by F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1914. 40 pp. 5c.

Contains analyses of waters from rivers, lakes, wells, and, springs in various parts of the United 

States, including analyses of the geyser water of Yellowstone National Park, hot springs in 

Montana, brines from Death Valley, water from the Gulf of Mexico, and mine waters from 

Tennessee, Michigan, Missouri, and Oklahoma, Montana, Colorado and Utah, Nevada and 

Arizona, and California.

371. Equipment for current-meter gaging stations, by G. J. Lyon. 1915. 64 pp., 

37 pis. 20c.

Describes methods of installing automatic and other gages and of constructing gage wells, 

shelters, and structures for making discharge measurements and artificial controls.

372. A water-power reconnaissance in south-central Alaska, by C. E. Ellsworth and 

R. W. Davenport, with a section on southeastern Alaska, by J. 0. Hoyt. 

1915. 173 pp., 22 pis. 20c.

373. Water resources of Hawaii, 1913, by G. K. Larrison. 1915. 190 pp. 20c.

*375. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1915; N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. Contains:

(c) The relation of stream gaging to the science of hydraulics, by C. H. Pierce and E. W. Davenport, pp. 77-84.

(e) A method for correcting river discharge for changing stage, by B. E. Jones, pp. 117-130.

(/) Conditions requiring the use of automatic gages in obtaining stream-flow records, by C. H. 

Pierce, pp. 131-139.

Three papers presented at the conference of engineers of the water-resources branch in December, 1914.

400. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1916; N. C. Grover,,chief 

hydraulic engineer. Contains:

(a) The people's interest in water-power resources, by G. O. Smith, pp. 1-8.

(c) The measurement of silt-laden streams, by R. C. Pierce, pp. 39-51.

(d) Accuracy of stream-flow data, by N. C. Grover and J. C. Hoyt, pp. 53-59.

ANNUAL REPORTS.

*Fifth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1883-84, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1885. xxxvi, 469 pp., 58 pis. $2.25. Contains:

*The requisite and qualifying conditions of artesian wells, by T. C. Chamberlin, pp. 125- 

173, pi. 21. Scope indicated by title.

Twelfth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1890-91, J.W. Powell, 

Director. 1891. 2 parts. *Pt. II, Irrigation, xviii, 576 pp., 93 pis. $2. 

Contains:

*Irrigation in India, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 368-561, pis. 107 to 146. See Water-Supply Paper 87.

Thirteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1891-92, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1892. (Pts. II and III, 1893.) 3 parts. *Pt. Ill, Irrigation, xi, 486 pp., 77 pis. $1.85. Contains:

* American irrigation engineering, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 101-349, pis. Ill to 145. Discusses 

the economical aspects of irrigation, alkaline drainage, silt and sedimentation; gives brief history 

of legislation; describes perennial canals in Idaho, California, Wyoming, and Arizona; discusses 

water storage at reservoirs of the California and other projects, subsurface sources of supply, 

pumping, and subirrigation.

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1893. (Pt. II, 1894.) 2 parts. *Pt. II, Accompanying 

papers, xx, 597 pp., 73 pis. $2.10. Contains:

*Potable waters of the eastern United States, by W J McGee, pp. 1 to 47. Discusses cistern 

water, stream waters, and ground waters, including mineral springs and artesian^wells.

*Natural mineral waters of the United States, by A. C. Peale, pp. 49-88, pis. 3 and 4. Discusses the origin and flow of mineral springs, the source of mineralization, thermal springs, the 

chemical composition and analysis of spring waters, geographic distribution, and the utilization 

of mineral waters; gives a list of American mineral spring resorts; contains also some analyses.
HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. XXV

Nineteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1897-98, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1898. (Parts II, III, and V, 1899.) 6 parts in 7 vols. 

and separate case for maps with Pt. V. *Pt. II. Papers chiefly of a theoretic 

nature, v, 958 pp., 172 pis. $2.65. Contains:

*Principles and conditions of the movements of ground water, by F. H. King, pp. 59-294, pis. 

6 to 16. Discusses the amount of water stored in sandstone, in soil, and in other rocks, the 

depth to which ground water penetrates; gravitational, thermal, and capillary movements of 

ground waters, and the configuration of the ground-water surface; gives the results of experimental investigations on the flow of air and water through a rigid, porous medium, and through 

sands, sandstones, and silts; discusses results obtained by other investigators, and summarizes 

results of observations; discusses also rate of flow of water through sand and rock, the growth of 

rivers, rate of filtration through soil, interference of wells, etc.

""Theoretical investigation of the motion of ground waters, by C. S. Slichter, pp. 296-384, pis. 

17. Scope indicated by title.

Twentieth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1898-99, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1899. (Parts II, III, IV, V, and VII, 1900.) 7 parts 

in 8 vols. and separate case for maps with Pt. V. *Pt. IV, Hydrography, 

vii, 660 pp., 75 pis. $1.40. Contains:

*Hydrography of Nicaragua, by A. P. Davis, pp. 663-637, pis. 64 to 75. Describes the topographic features of the boundary, the lake basin and Rio San Juan; gives a brief r6sum6 of the 

boundary dispute; discusses rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity, evaporation, resources, and productions, the ship-railway and canal projects; gives the history of the investigations of the Canal Commission, and results of measurements on the Rio Grande, on streams 

tributary to Lake Nicaragua, and on Rio San Juan and its tributaries.

Twenty-second Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1900-1901, 

Charles D. Walcott, Director. 1901. (Parts III and IV, 1902.) 4 parts. 

*Pt. IV, Hydrography, 690 pp., 65 pis. $2.20. Contains:

*Hydrography of the American Isthmus, by A. P. Davis, pp. 507-630, Pis. 37 to 50. Describes 

the physiography, temperature, rainfall, and winds of Central America; discusses the hydrography of the Nicaragua Canal route and the Panama Canal route; gives estimated monthly 

discharges of many of the streams, rainfall, and evaporation tables at various points.

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS.

*72. Denudation and erosion in the southern Appalachian region and the Monongahela basin, by L. C. Glenn. 1911. 137 pp., 21 pis. 35c.

Describes the topography, geology, drainage, forests, climate and population, and transportation facilities of the region, the relation of agriculture, lumbering, mining, and power 

development to erosion and denudation, and the nature, effects, and remedies of erosion; gives 

details of conditions in Holston, Nolichucky, French Broad, Little Tennessee, and Hiwassee 

river basins, along Tennessee River proper, and in the basins of the Coosa-Alabama system, 

Chattahoochee, Savannah, Saluda, Broad, Catawba, Yadkin, New, and Monongahela rivers.

BULLETINS.

*32. Lists and analyses of the mineral springs of the United States (a preliminary 

study), by A. C. Peale. 1886. 235 pp.

Defines mineral waters, lists the springs by States, and gives tables of analyses so far as available.

*264. Record of deep well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. 

Veatch. 1905. 106pp. lOc.

*298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford. 

1906. 299 pp. 25c.

Bulletins 284 and 298 discuss the importance of accurate well records to the driller, to owners 

of oil, gas, and water wells, and to the geologist; describes the general methods of work; gives 

tabulated records of wells by States, and detailed records selected as affording valuable stratigraphic information.

47878° WSP 405 17 16
XXVI STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS.

*319. Summary of the controlling factors of artesian flows, by Myron L. Fuller. 

1908. 44pp. 7 pis. lOc.

Describes underground reservoirs, the sources of underground waters, the confining agents, 

the primary and modifying factors of artesian circulation, the essential and modifying factors 

of artesian flow, and typical artesian systems.

*479. The geochemical .interpretation of water analyses, by Chase Palmer. 1911. 

31pp. 5c.

Discusses the expression of chemical analyses, the chemical character of water and the properties of natural waters; gives a classification of waters based on property values and reacting values, and discusses the character of the waters of certain rivers as interpreted directly from the 

results of analyses; discusses also the relation of water properties to geologic formations, silica iu 

river water, and the character of the water of the Mississippi and the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River as indicated by chemical analyses.
INDEX BY AREAS AND SUBJECTS.

[A=Annual Reports; M=Monograph; B=Bulletin; P=Professional Paper; W=Water-Supply Paper;

G F=Geologic folio.]

Alaska: Surface waters............................ W 196,218,228,314,342,345/372

Artesian waters: Essential conditions....................... A 5; B 319; W 67,114

Bibliographies 1 . ............................................. W 119,120,163, 280

Chemical analyses:2 Methods and interpretations.... W 151, 236, 259, 274, 364; B 479

Conservation............................................................. W 234

Cuba: Surface, underground, and quality of waters.......................... W 110

Denundation..............................'............................... P 72

Engineering methods....................................................... W1,

3, 8, 20, 41, 42, 43, 56, 64, 93, 94, 95,110,143,146,150,180,

187, 200, 257, 337, 345e, 371, 375c, 375e, 375/, 400c, 400d

Floods......................................................... W 96,147,162, 334

Hawaiian Islands: Surface waters................................ W 77, 318, 336, 373

Underground waters.................................... W 77

Ice measurements................................................ W 146,187, 337

Illinois: Quality of waters, etc............................ W 194, 236, 239/; 188,195

Surface waters.................................... A 17 ii, 18 iv; W 239

Underground waters. A17 ii; B"264,298; W 57,114,149; G F 145,185,188,195 

India: Irrigation..................................................... A 12; W 87

Indiana: Quality of waters.................................... A 18 iv; W 236, 254

Surface waters.......................................... A 18 iv; W 147

Underground waters................ A 18 iv; B 298; W 21, 57,114,149, 254

Iowa: Quality of waters.............................................. W 236, 293

Surface waters.................................................. W 162, 345i

Underground waters............. B 264, 298; W 57,114,145,149, 293; G F 145

Irrigation, general......................... A 12 ii, 13 iii; W 20, 22, 41,42, 87, 93,146

Legal aspects: Surface waters...................................... W 103,152, 238

Underground waters........................................ W 122

Mineral springs: Analyses.......................................... A 14 ii; B 32

Origin, distribution, etc.................................. A 14 ii

Lists............................................... B32; W114

Minnesota: Quality of waters................................... W 102,193, 236, 256

Surface waters............................................ W 162,193

Underground waters............ B 298; W 57,102,114,149, 256; G F 117

Missouri: Quality of waters, etc.................................... W 102,195, 236

Surface waters.................................................. W 162.

Underground waters............... B 298; W 57,102,110,114,145,149,195

Montana: Underground waters......................................... W 57,149

Motions of ground waters....................... A 19 ii; B 319; W 67,110,140,155

Nicaragua: Surface waters......................................... A 20 iv, 22 iv

North Dakota: Underground waters.... A 17 ii; B 298; W 61,117,149; G F 117,168

Panama: Surface waters................................................. A 22 iv

1 Many of the reports contain brief subject bibliographies. See abstracts.

* Many analyses of river, spring, and well waters are scattered through publications, as noted in abstracts.

XXVII
XXVIII INDEX BY AREAS AND SUBJECTS.

Pollution: By industrial wastes............................. W 179,186,189, 226, 235

By sewage................................................ W 72, 79,194

Laws forbidding............................................ W 103,152

Indices of................................................. W 144,160

Porto Rico: Surface waters and irrigation................................... W 32

Profiles of rivers........................................................ W 44,115

River profiles.......................................................... W 44,115

Sanitation; quality of waters; pollution; sewage irrigation................... W 3,

22, 72, 79,103,110,113,114,144,145,152,160,179,

185,186,189,194, 226, 229, 235, 236,255,258,315

Sewage disposal and purification...................... W 3, 22, 72,113,185,194, 229

South Dakota: Surface waters.......................................... W 147,162

Underground waters............ A 17 ii, 18 iv; B 298; W 61,149, 227

Underground waters: Legal aspects......................................... W 122

Methods of utilization........................ W 114, 255, 257

Pollution.....................*.......... W 110,145,160, 258

Windmill papers................................................ W 1, 8, 20, 41, 42

Wisconsin: Surface waters................................................... W 156

Underground waters................ B 298; W 61,114,145,149; G F 145
INDEX OF STREAMS.

Apple River, Wis. ...............

Baraboo River, Wis...............

Beaucoup Creek, 111...............

Big Eau Pleine River, Wis........

Big Pork, Minn...................

Big Muddy River, 111............

Black River, Minn...............

Black River, Wis................

Blue Earth River, Minn..........

Cahokia Creek, 111................

Cannon River, Minn.............

Catfish River, Wis................

Cedar River, Iowa...............

Cedar River, Minn................

Cedar River, Red, Wis............

Chippewa River, Minn...........

Chippewa River, Wis............

Chippewa River, West Fork, Wis.. 

Clearwater River, Minn...........

Cottonwood River, Minn..........

Crow River, Minn................

Crow River, North Pork, Minn....

Crow River, South Pork, Minn....

Crow Wing River, Minn..........

Des Lacs River, N. iDak...........

Des Moines River, lowa-Minn....

Des Plaines River, 111.............

Devils Lake, N. Dak..............

Eau Claire River, Wis. (tributary

to Chippewa River)............

Eau Claire River, Wis. (tributary

to Wisconsin River).............

Eau Pleine River, Big, Wis.......

Elk River, Minn.................

Flambeau River, Wis. ............*

Pox River, 111....................

Illinois River, 111.................

Jowa River, Iowa................

Iowa River, Upper, Iowa.........

Jump River, Wis.................

Kankakee River, Ill.-Ind.........

Kaskaskia River, 111..............

Kawishiwi River, Minn...........

Kennedy Creek, Mont...........

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Kettle River, Minn.............. ix

Kickapoo River, Wis............. ix

Lac qui Parle River, Minn.. ..... vm

La Crosse River, Wis.............. ix

Little Fork, Minn................ vm

Little Rib River, Wis............. ix

Long Prairie River, Minn......... vm

Maquoketa River, Iowa........... ix

Mendota Lake, Wis............... x

Minnesota River, Minn........... vm

Mississippi River, Minn.......... vm

Mouse River, N. Dak............ vm

Muddy River, Big, 111............ xi

Namakagon River, Wis........... ix

North Branch or Pork. See name

of main stream.

Ottertail River, Minn............ vn

Pecatonica River, 111.-Wis........ x

Pelican River, Minn............. vn

Pembina River, N. Dak........... vm

Pine River, Minn................. vm

Plover River, Wis................ ix

Prairie River, Minn............... vm

Prairie River, Wis................ ix

Raccoon River, Iowa.............. x

Rainy Lake, Minn................ "vin

Rainy River, Minn.............. vm

Red Cedar River, Wis............ ix

Red Lake River, Minn........... vn

Red River, Minn., N. Dak., Manitoba. ......................... vii

Redwood River, Minn............ vm

Rib River, Little, Wis........... ix

Rock River, Wis.-Ill.............. ix, x

Root River, Minn................ ix

Root River, North Branch, Minn.. ix

Roseau River, Canada........... vm

Roseau River, West Branch, Minn. vm

Rum River, Minn................ vm

St. Croix River, Wis.............. ix

St. Mary River, Mont.-Alberta.... vii

SaltCreek, 111.................... xi

Sandy River, Minn............... vm

Sangamon River, 111.............. x, xi

XXIX
XXX INDEX OF STREAMS.

Sangamon River, South Fork, 111.. xi

Sauk River, Minn................ vin

Sheyenne River, N. Dak......... vn

Shellrock River, Iowa. ........... x

Shoal Creek, 111................. xr

Silver Creek, 111................. xi

Skunk River, Iowa.............. x

Snake River, Minn............... ix

South Branch or Fork. See name

of main stream.

Spoon River, 111.................. x

Sugar River, Wis................ x

Swiftcurrent Creek, Mont........ vn

Thief River, Minn............... vin

Tomahawk River, Wis. .......... ix

Trempealeau River, Wis.......... ix

Turkey River, Iowa............. ix

Two Rivers, South Branch, Minn.. vin 

Upper Iowa River, Iowa......... ix

Vermilion River, 111............. x

Vermilion River, Minn............ vm

Wapsipinicon River, Iowa........ ix

West Branch or Fork. See name

of main stream. 

Whetstone River, S. Dak.......... vin

Wild Rice River, Minn.......... vn

Wisconsin River, Wis............. ix

Yellow River, Ind................ x

Yellow River, Wis................ ix

Zumbro River, Minn.............. ix

Zumbro River, South Branch,

Minn.......................... ix

o