Legal/Board.96/ByLaws.4

            BY-LAWS AS AMENDED THROUGH AUGUST 7,

1996

                        B Y  -  L A W S
                               OF
                    CALENERGY COMPANY,
                    INC.
                     a Delaware

                     corporation

                     

                           ARTICLE I

                    MEETINGS OF

                    STOCKHOLDERS

     Section 1.     Annual Meeting.     The annual meeting of

the

stockholders  of  California  Energy Company,  Inc.

(hereinafter called the "Corporation") shall be held at 10:00

a.m. on such day in  the  month  of May in each year as shall

be selected  by  the Chairman  of the Board, or, failing such

selection, by the  Board of  Directors.   At  the annual

meeting, the  stockholders  shall elect  by  a  plurality  vote

a board of  directors  (hereinafter referred to as "Board"),

and transact such other business as  may properly  be  brought

before the meeting.  If the annual  meeting shall  not be held

on the day hereinabove provided for, the Board shall  cause

the  meeting  to  be held  as  soon  thereafter  as convenient.





      Section 2.     Special Meetings.   Special meetings of

the

stockholders  may be called for any purpose or  purposes  at

any time only by the Board, or the President, upon not less

than  ten nor more than fifty days written notice. Special

meetings may not be called by the stockholders.









      Section 3.  Notice of Meetings.  Notice of the place,
date and time of the holding of each annual and special meeting
of the stockholders and, in the case of a special meeting,  the
purpose or  purposes thereof, shall be given personally or by
mail  in  a

postage prepaid envelope to each stockholder entitled to vote

at such  meeting, not less than ten nor more than fifty days

before the date of such meeting, and, if mailed, it shall be

directed to such  stockholder at his address as it appears on

the records  of the Corporation, unless he shall have filed

with the Secretary of the  Corporation a written request that

notices to him be  mailed to  some other address, in which case

it shall be directed to him at  such  other  address.  Notice

of any meeting of  stockholders shall  not  be required to be

given to any stockholder who  shall attend  such meeting in

person or by proxy and shall not, at  the beginning  of  such

meeting, object to the  transaction  of  any business  because

the meeting is not lawfully called or convened, or  who shall,

either before or after the meeting, sign a waiver. Notice of an

adjourned meeting need not be given if the time  and place  to

which the meeting shall be adjourned were announced  at the

meeting at which the adjournment is taken.  At the adjourned

meeting  the  Corporation may transact any business  which

might have been transacted at the original meeting.  If the

adjournment is  for more than thirty days, or if after the

adjournment a  new record  date is fixed for the adjourned

meeting, a notice of  the adjourned  meeting shall be given to

each stockholder  of  record entitled to vote at the meeting.



     Section 4.  Place of Meetings.  Meetings of the

stockholders may  be  held  at  such  place, within or without

the  State  of Delaware,  as  the Board or the officer calling

the  same  shall specify  in  the  notice of such meeting, or

in a  duly  executed waiver of notice thereof.

       Section  5.   Quorum.   (a)   At  all  meetings   of

the

stockholders, the holders of a majority of the shares of stock
of the Corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote
shall be  present in person or by proxy to constitute a quorum
for  the

transaction  of  any  business (except business  referred  to

in subsection  (b) below), except when stockholders are

required  to vote  by  class,  in  which event a majority of

the  issued  and outstanding shares of the appropriate class

shall be  present  in person  or by proxy, or except as

otherwise provided by  statute. (b)   At all meetings of the

stockholders in which the action  to be  taken  requires  the

approval of  sixty-six  and  two-thirds percent  (66 2/3%) of

the issued and outstanding shares of  stock entitled  to  vote,

the  holders of sixty-  six  and  two-thirds percent  (66

2/3%)  of the shares of stock  of  the  Corporation issued  and

outstanding and entitled to vote shall be present  in person

or  by  proxy in order to constitute  a  quorum  for  the

transaction  of  any such business, except when stockholders

are required  to  vote  by  class,  in  which  event,  sixty-

six  and two-thirds percent (66 2/3%) of the issued and

outstanding shares of  the appropriate class shall be present

in person or by proxy, or  except as otherwise provided by

statute.  (c)  In the absence of  a  quorum, the holders of a

majority of the shares  of  stock present  in  person or by

proxy and entitled to vote,  or  if  no stockholder entitled to

vote is present, then any officer of  the Corporation, may

adjourn the meeting from time to time.   At  any such

adjourned  meeting at which a quorum  may  be  present  any

business  may  be transacted which might have been transacted

at the meeting as originally called.



       Section  6.   Organization.   At  each  meeting   of

the

stockholders  the  Chairman of the Board, or in  his  absence
or inability  to act, the President, or in the absence or
inability to  act  of  the  Chairman  of the Board  or
President,  a  Vice President, or in the absence of all of the
foregoing, any  person chosen by a majority of those
stockholders present, shall act  as chairman  of  the meeting.
The Secretary, or in his  absence  or inability to act, the
Assistant Secretary or any person appointed

by  the  chairman of the meeting, shall act as secretary  of

the meeting and keep the minutes thereof.



     Section 7.  Order of Business.  The order of business at

all

meetings  of  the  stockholders shall be  as  determined  by

the chairman of the meeting.





     Section 8.  Voting.  Except as otherwise required by

statute

or  by the Certificate of Incorporation, each holder of record

of shares  of stock of the Corporation having voting power

shall  be entitled  at  each meeting of the stockholders to

one  vote  for every share of such stock standing in his name

on the record of stockholders of the Corporation on the date

fixed by the Board as the  record  date  for the determination

of the stockholders  who shall

be  entitled to notice of and to vote at such meeting; or at

the close  of    business on the day next preceding the  day

on  which

notice  thereof  shall be given, or if notice is waived,  at

the close of business on the day next preceding the day on

which  the meeting  is  held; or each stockholder entitled to

vote  at  any meeting  of stockholders may authorize another

person or  persons to  act  for  him  by a proxy signed by such

stockholder  or  his attorney-in-fact.  Any  such proxy  shall

be  delivered  to  the secretary                            of

such meeting at or prior to the time designated  in

the  order of business for so delivering such proxies.  No

proxy shall be valid after the expiration of three years from

the  date thereof,  unless  otherwise provided in the proxy.

Every  proxy shall  be

revocable at the pleasure of the stockholder executing

it, except in those cases where an irrevocable proxy is

permitted by  law.  Except as otherwise provided by statute,

these By-Laws, or  the Certificate of Incorporation, any

corporate action to  be taken  by

vote  of  the stockholders shall be  authorized  by  a

majority of the total votes, or when stockholders are required
to

vote  by  class  by  a majority of the votes of  the

appropriate class, cast at a meeting of stockholders by the

holders of shares present in person or represented by proxy and

entitled to vote on such  action.  Unless required to be

advisable, the vote  on  any question  need  not be by written

ballot.  On a vote  by  written ballot, each ballot shall be

signed by the stockholder voting, or by  his proxy, if there be

such proxy, and shall state the number of shares voted.



      Section  9.   List of Stockholders.  The  officer  who

has

charge  of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare

and make,  at least ten days before every meeting of

stockholders,  a complete  list  of  the stockholders entitled

to  vote  at  that meeting,

arranged  in  alphabetical  order,  and  showing      the

addresses of each stockholder and the number of shares

registered in  the name of each stockholder.  Such list shall

be open to the examination  of any stockholder, for any purpose

germane  to  the meeting,  during  ordinary business hours, for

a  period  of  at least ten days prior to the meeting, either

at a place within the city  where  the  meeting is to be held,

which  place  shall  be specified  in the notice of the

meeting, or if not so  specified, at  the  place where the

meeting is to be held.  The  list  shall also  be  produced and

kept at the time and place of the  meeting during  the  whole

time thereof, and may  be  inspected  by  any stockholder who

is present.





      Section  10.  Consent of Stockholders in Lieu  of
Meeting. Whenever  the  vote  of  stockholders at  a  meeting
thereof  is required  or permitted to be taken for or in
connection with  any corporate  action,  the meeting and vote
of stockholders  can  be dispensed  with:  (1)  if all of the
stockholders who would  have been  entitled to vote upon the
action if such meeting were  held shall consent in writing to
such corporate action being taken; or

(2)  unless  the Certificate of Incorporation provides

otherwise, with  the  written consent of the holders of not

less  than  the minimum  percentage of the total vote required

by statue for  the proposed  corporate action, and provided

that prompt notice  must be  given  to all stockholders of the

taking of corporate  action without a meeting.



                          ARTICLE II

                       BOARD OF DIRECTORS

     Section 1.  General Powers.  The business and affairs of

the Corporation  shall  be  managed by  the  Board.   The

Board  may exercise all such authority and powers of the

Corporation and  do all  such  lawful acts and things as are

not by  statute  or  the Certificate of Incorporation directed

or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.





      Section 2.  (a)  Number, Qualifications, Election and

Term of  Office.  The business and affairs of the Corporation

shall be managed  and  controlled  by a Board of Directors

consisting  of twelve persons.  At the 1989 Annual Meeting of

Stockholders,  the directors  were  divided into three classes,

as nearly  equal  in number as possible, with the term of

office of the first class to expire  at the 1990 Annual Meeting

of Stockholders, the  term  of office  of the second class to

expire at the 1991 Annual  Meeting of  Stockholders  and the

term of office of the  third  class  to expire  at  the  1992

Annual Meeting of Stockholders.                    At  each

Annual   Meeting   of   Stockholders   following   such

initial

classification and election, directors elected to  succeed

those directors  whose  terms expire shall be elected  for  a

term  of office  to  expire  at  the third succeeding  Annual

Meeting  of Stockholders  after their election.  All directors

shall  be  the age  of  majority and need not be  stockholders.

Each  director

shall  hold  office  until the end of  his  term  and  until
his

successor  shall have been duly elected and qualified,  or

until his  death, or until he shall have resigned, or have been

removed for  cause,  as  hereinafter provided  in  these  By-

Laws  or  as otherwise

provided   by   statute   or   the   Certificate   of

Incorporation.





      (b)  Filling of Vacancies.  Except as otherwise provided

in Article II, Section 11, any vacancies on the Board resulting

from death,  resignation, retirement, disqualification,

removal  from office  or other cause shall be filled by a

majority vote of  the directors  then  in  office, and

directors so chosen  shall  hold office  for a term expiring at

the Annual Meeting of Stockholders at  which  the term of the

class to which they have been  elected expires.  No decrease in

the number of directors constituting the Board shall shorten

the term of any incumbent director.

      (c)   Removal.  Any director, or the entire Board,  may

be

removed  from office at any time, but only for cause and only

by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board or the

holders of at least sixty six and two thirds percent (66 2/3%)

of the voting power  of all of the shares of the Corporation

entitled  to  vote for  the  election  of  directors.   For

the  purposes  of  this Paragraph  (c),  "cause"  shall mean

the willful  and  continuous failure  of  a director

substantially to perform such  director's duties to the

Corporation (other than such failure resulting from incapacity

due  to physical or mental illness)  or  the  willful engaging

by  a  director  in  gross  misconduct  materially  and

demonstrably injurious to the Corporation.





     Section 3.  Place of Meetings.  Meetings of the Board may
be held  at such place, within or without the State of
Delaware,  as the  Board  may  from  time  to time determine
or  as  shall  be specified in the notice or waiver of notice
of such meeting.

      Section  4.  First Meeting.  The Board shall meet  for

the purpose  of  organization,  the election  of  officers,

and  the transaction of other business, as soon as practicable

after  each Annual

Meeting of Stockholders, on the same day and at the  same

place  where such annual meeting shall be held.  Notice  of

such

meeting need not be given.  Such meeting may be held at any

other time  or  place  (within or without the State of

Delaware)  which shall

be  specified  in a notice thereof  given  as  hereinafter

provided in Article II, Section 7.





     Section 5.  Regular Meetings.  Regular meetings of the

Board shall

be held at such time and place as the Board may from  time

to  time determine.  If any day fixed for a regular meeting

shall be  a legal holiday at the place where the meeting is to

be held, then  the meeting which would otherwise be held on

that day shall be  held  at  the same hour on the next

succeeding business  day. Notice

of regular meetings of the Board need not be given except

as otherwise required by statute or these By-Laws.





     Section 6.  Special Meetings.  Special meetings of the

Board may  be called by two or more directors of the

Corporation or  by the Chairman of the Board or the President.





      Section  7.   Notice of Meetings.  Notice of  each

special meeting  of  the  Board (and of each regular  meeting

for  which notice

shall  be  required) shall be given by the  Secretary  as

hereinafter provided in this Section 7, in which notice shall

be stated

the  time  and  place (within or  without  the  State  of

Delaware) of the meeting.  Notice of each such meeting  shall
be delivered  to  each director either personally or  by
telephone, facsimile,  telegraph, cable or wireless,  at  least
twenty-four hours
before the time at which such meeting is to be held or  by

first-class  mail,  postage pre-paid, addressed  to  him  at

his residence, or usual place of business, at least three days

before the  day on which such meeting is to be held.  Notice of

any such meeting  need  not  be given to any director  who

shall,  either before or after the meeting, submit a signed

waiver of notice  or who shall attend such meeting without

protesting, prior to or  at its commencement, the lack of

notice to him.  Except as otherwise specifically  required by

these By-Laws, a notice  or  waiver  of notice  of  any

regular or special meeting need  not  state  the purposes of

such meeting.



     Section 8.  Quorum and Manner of Acting.  Three directors

or one-third  of  the entire Board, whichever is greater,

shall  be present  in  person  at  any meeting of the  Board

in  order  to constitute  a  quorum  for the transaction of

business  at  such meeting,  and, except as otherwise expressly

required by  statute or the Certificate of Incorporation, the

act of a majority of the directors  present  at any meeting at

which a quorum  is  present shall be the act of the Board.  In

the absence of a quorum at any meeting  of  the  Board,  a

majority of  the  directors  present thereat, or if no director

be present, the Secretary may  adjourn such  meeting to another

time and place, or such meeting,  unless it  be the first

meeting of the Board, need not be held.  At  any adjourned

meeting at which a quorum is present, any business  may be

transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as

originally  called.  Except as provided in Article III  of

these By-Laws,  the  directors  shall act  only  as  a  Board

and  the individual directors shall have no power as such.

     Section 9.  Organization.  At each meeting of the Board,
the Chairman  of the Board (or, in his absence or inability  to
act, the  President,  or in his absence or inability to  act,
another director chosen by a majority of the directors present)
shall act

as  chairman  of the meeting and preside thereat.  The

Secretary (or, in his absence or inability to act, any person

appointed  by the  chairman) shall act as secretary of the

meeting and keep the minutes thereof.



      Section  10.  Resignation.  Any director of the

Corporation may                                    resign  at

any  time  by  giving  written  notice  of  his

resignation  to  the  Board  or Chairman  of  the  Board  or

the President  or  the  Secretary.  Any such resignation  shall

take effect  at  the time specified therein or, if the  time

when  it shall                                    become

effective  shall  not  be   specified   therein,

immediately  upon  its  acceptance.  Unless  otherwise

specified therein,  the  acceptance  of  such   resignation

shall  not  be necessary to make it effective.





     Section 11.  Certain Vacancies.  Vacancies and newly

created

directorships  resulting  from any  increase  in  the
authorized number  of directors may be filled by a majority of
the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by
a sole remaining director, and the directors so chosen shall
hold office until the next  annual election and until their
successors are duly elected and  shall  qualify, unless sooner
displaced.  If  there  are  no directors in office, then an
election of directors may be held in the  manner provided by
statute.  If, at the time of filling  any vacancy or any newly
created directorship, the directors then  in office  shall
constitute less than a majority of the whole  board (as
constituted  immediately prior to any  such  increase),  the
Court  of  Chancery may, upon application of any  stockholder
or stockholders holding at least ten percent of the total
number  of the  shares at the time outstanding having the right
to vote  for such  directors, summarily order an election to be
held  to  fill any  such vacancies or newly created
directorships, or to replace the  directors chosen by the
directors then in office.  When  one

or  more  directors shall resign from the Board, effective  at

a future  date,  a  majority  of  the  directors  then  in

office, including  those who have so resigned, shall have power

to  fill such  vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon to take

effect  when such resignation or resignations shall become

effective, and each director  so chosen shall hold office as

provided in this  action in the filling of other vacancies.



      Section  12.  Compensation.  The Board shall have

authority to  fix  the  compensation, including fees and

reimbursement  of expenses,  of  directors for services to the

Corporation  in  any capacity,  provided no such payment shall

preclude  any  director from  serving the Corporation in any

other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.

     Section 13.  Action Without Meeting.  Any action required

or

permitted  to  be  taken at any meeting of the Board  or  of

any committee  thereof may be taken without a meeting if all

members of the Board or committee, as the case may be, consent

thereto in writing,  and the writing or writings are filed with

the  minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee.









       Section   14.   Telephonic  Meetings.   Unless

otherwise restricted  by  the  Certificate of  Incorporation

or  by  these By-Laws, members of the Board of Directors may

participate  in  a meeting of the Board of Directors, or any

committee, by means  of conference telephone or similar

communications equipment by means of  which all persons

participating in the meeting can hear  each other           and

such  participation in  a  meeting  shall  constitute

presence in person at the meeting.





                          ARTICLE III

                 EXECUTIVE AND OTHER COMMITTEES

Section 1.  Executive and Other Committees.  The Board may,

by  resolution passed by a majority of the whole Board,

designate one  or more committees, each committee to consist of

two or more of  the  directors  of the Corporation.  The

Executive  Committee shall  consist of the Chairman of the

Board and such of the other members  of  the  Board  as shall

be appointed  pursuant  to  the immediately preceding sentence.

The Board may designate  one  or more  directors  as alternate

members of any committee,  who  may replace any absent or

disqualified member at any meeting  of  the committee.    Any

such committee, to the extent provided  in  the

resolution  creating the committee, shall have and  may

exercise the  powers  of the Board in the management of the

business  and affairs  of  the Corporation, and may authorize

the seal  of  the Corporation  to  be affixed to all papers

which may  require  it; provided, however, that in the absence

or disqualification of any member  of  such committee or

committees, the member  or  members thereof  present at any

meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether  or  not  he,

she  or  they  constitute  a  quorum,  may unanimously  appoint

another member of the Board to  act  at  the meeting  in the

place of any such absent or disqualified  member. Each

committee shall keep written minutes of its proceedings  and

shall  report such minutes to the Board when required.  All

such proceedings  shall  be subject to revision or alteration

by  the Board;  provided,  however,  that  third  parties

shall  not  be prejudiced by such revision or alteration.





      Section  2.   General.   A majority of  any  committee

may

determine  its action and fix the time and place of its
meetings, unless  the  Board  shall  otherwise  provide.
Notice  of  such meetings  shall be given to each member of the
committee  in  the manner  provided for in Article II, Section
7.  The  Board  shall have  any  power at any time to fill
vacancies in, to change  the

membership of, or to dissolve any such committee.  Nothing

herein shall be deemed to prevent the Board from appointing one

or  more committees consisting in whole or in part of persons

who are        not

directors  of  the Corporation; provided, however, that  no

such committee shall have or may exercise any authority of the

Board.





                          ARTICLE IV

                           OFFICERS

      Section 1.  Number and Qualifications.  The officers of

the

Corporation  shall include the Chairman of the Board,  the

ViceChairman of the Board, the President, one or more Vice-

Presidents (any of whom may be designated as Executive Vice-

President),       the

Chief  Financial Officer, the Treasurer, the Controller  and

the

Secretary.   Any  two or more offices may be  held  by  the

same person.  Such officers shall be elected from time to time

by         the

Board  or by the Chairman of the Board, each to hold office

until his successor shall have been duly elected or appointed

and shall have  qualified,  or  until his death, or  until  he

shall  have resigned, or have been removed, as hereinafter

provided in  these By-Laws. The Board may from time to time

elect, or the Chairman

of  the Board may appoint, such other officers (including one

or

more   Assistant   Vice-Presidents,  Assistant  Secretaries

and

Assistant  Treasurers), and such agents as may  be  necessary

or

desirable  for  the  business  of the  Corporation.   Such

other

officers  and  agents  shall have duties  and  shall  hold

their offices  for such terms as may be prescribed by the Board

or         by

the appointing authority.





      Section  2.   Resignations.  Any officer of the

Corporation may   resign  at  any  time  by  giving  written

notice  of  his

resignation  to  the  Board,  the  Chairman  of  the  Board,

the

President  or  the  Secretary.  Any such resignation  shall
take effect  at  the time specified therein or, if the  time
when       it

shall   become   effective  shall  not  be   specified

therein, immediately  upon  its receipt; and, unless  otherwise

specified therein,  the  acceptance  of  such   resignation

shall  not  be necessary to make it effective.



       Section  3.   Removal.   Any  officer  or  agent  of

the

Corporation may be removed, either with or without cause, at

any time, by the Chairman of the Board or by the vote of the

majority of  the  entire Board at any meeting of the Board .

Such removal shall be without prejudice to the contractual

rights, if any,  of the person so removed.





      Section  4.   Vacancies.  A vacancy in any office,

whether arising from death, resignation, removal or any other

cause,  may be  filled  for the unexpired portion of the term

of  the  office which  shall be vacant, in the manner

prescribed in these By-Laws for the regular elections or

appointment to such office.





      Section 5.  The Chairman of the Board.  The Chairman of

the Board shall be the Chief Executive Officer and shall have

general and  active supervision and direction over the

management of  the Corporation's business and over the

President and Chief Operating Officer  and all of the

Corporation's other officers, agents  and employees.  The

Chairman of the Board shall, if present,  preside at each

meeting of the stockholders and of the Board and shall be an

ex  officio  member  of all committees  of  the  Board.   The

Chairman  of the Board shall perform all duties incident  to

the office of Chairman of the Board and such other duties as

may from time to time be assigned to him by the Board.





      Section  6.  Vice-Chairman of the Board.  The Vice-
Chairman of  the Board shall be responsible for assisting the
Chairman  of the  Board and shall perform all such duties as
may from time  to

time be assigned to him by the Board.



      Section  7.  The President.  Unless the President's

duties

are  otherwise  modified  by  the  Chairman  of  the  Board,

the President  shall,  in  consultation  with  and  subject  to

the

direction  of the Chairman of the Board, have general and

active management of the operations and business of the

Corporation  and general and active supervision and direction

over the affairs  of the  Corporation and over all of its other

officers,  agents  and employees  (except the Chairman of the

Board and Chief  Executive Officer).   The  President  shall

be  the  Corporation's   Chief Operating  Officer and shall see

that all duties  of  subordinate officers  are  properly

performed and that their responsibilities are

properly  discharged.   In  performing  such  duties, the

President shall report directly to the Chairman of the Board

and shall  consult with the Chairman of the Board and be

subject  to

the  direction of the Chairman of the Board regarding

significant decisions and strategic options for the Company.

At the  request of  the  Chairman of the Board, or in the case

of his absence  or inability to act, the President shall

perform the duties  of  the Chairman  of  the  Board and when

so acting shall  have  all  the powers  of,  and  be subject

to, all the restrictions  upon,  the Chairman  of the Board.

He shall perform all duties incident  to the  office  of

President and such other duties as from  time  to time  may be

assigned to him by the Chairman of the Board and  by these By-

Laws.





      Section  8.  Vice Presidents.  The Executive Vice-

President

and  each  Vice-President shall have such powers and perform

all such  duties as from time to time may be assigned to him

by  the Board or by the Chairman of the Board.





       Section  9.   The  Chief  Financial  Officer.   The
Chief

Financial Officer shall:

     (a)  have charge and custody of, and be responsible for,

all the funds and securities of the Corporation;

      (b)   keep  full  and  accurate accounts  of  receipts

and

disbursements  in  books belonging to the  Corporation  and

have control of all books of account of the Corporation;

     (c)  cause all moneys and other valuables to be deposited

to the  credit  of the Corporation in such depositaries  as

may  be designated by the Board;

      (d)  receive, and give receipts for, moneys due and

payable to the Corporation from any source whatsoever;

     (e)  disburse the funds of the Corporation and supervise

the investment                                            of

its funds as ordered or authorized by  the  Board,

taking proper vouchers therefor;

     (f)  render the Chairman of the Board, the President and

the Board,  whenever  the  Board or the Chairman  of  the

Board  may require,

an   account  of  the  financial  condition   of          the

Corporation; and

      (g)   in  general, perform all the duties incident  to

the

office  of treasurer and such other duties as from time  to

time may  be  assigned to him by the Board or by the Chairman

of  the Board.





     Section 10.  The Secretary.  The secretary shall:

      (a)  keep or cause to be kept in one or more books

provided for  the  purpose, the minutes of all meetings of the

Board,  the committees of the Board and the stockholders;

      (b)  see that all notices are duly given in accordance

with the provisions of these By-Laws and as required by law;

      (c)   be  custodian  of the records and  the  seal  of

the

Corporation  and  affix  and  attest  the  seal  to   all

stock certificates   of  the  Corporation  (unless  the  seal

of   the

Corporation  on  such  certificates  shall  be  a  facsimile,
as

hereinafter provided) and affix and attest the seal to all

other documents  to be executed on behalf of the Corporation

under  its seal;

      (d)   see that the books, reports, statements,

certificates and  other documents and records required by law

to be  kept  and filed are properly kept and filed; and

      (e)   in  general, perform all the duties incident  to

the office  of Secretary and such other duties as from time  to

time may  be   assigned to him by the Board or by the Chairman

of  the Board.





     Section 11.  Officers' Bonds or Other Security.  If

required by the Board, any officer of the Corporation shall

give a bond or other  security  for the faithful performance of

his  duties,  in such  amount  and with such surety or sureties

as the  Board  may require.





     Section 12.  Compensation.  The compensation of the

officers of  the Corporation for their services as such

officers shall  be fixed from time to time by the Board;

provided, however, that the Board may delegate to the Chairman

of the Board the power to  fix the

compensation  of  officers  and  agents  appointed  by  the

Chairman  of the Board.  An officer of the Corporation shall

not be  prevented from receiving compensation by reason of  the

fact that  he  is  also a director of the Corporation,  but

any  such officer  who shall also be a director shall not have

any vote  in the determination of the amount of compensation

paid to him.





                           ARTICLE V

                        INDEMNIFICATION

     Section 1.  Right to Indemnification.  The Corporation
shall indemnify  and hold harmless, to the fullest extent
permitted  by applicable  law  as  it  presently exists  or
may  hereafter  be

amended,  any  person who was or is made or is threatened  to

be made  a  party  or is otherwise involved in any action,

suit  or proceeding,   whether   civil,   criminal,

administrative or

investigative (a "proceeding"), by reason of the fact that he,

or a  person    for whom he is the legal representative, is or

was  a

director  or officer of the Corporation or is or was  serving

at the  request of the Corporation as a director, officer,

employee, fiduciary

or  agent of another corporation or of a  partnership,

joint  venture, trust, enterprise or nonprofit entity,

including service  with  respect  to employee benefit  plans,

against  all liability

and loss suffered and expenses reasonably incurred  by

such  person.   The  Corporation  shall  indemnify  a  person

in

connection with a proceeding initiated by such person only if

the proceeding was authorized by the Board.





      Section 2.  Prepayment of Expenses.  The Corporation

shall

pay  the expenses incurred in defending any proceeding in

advance of  its final disposition; provided, however, that the

payment of expenses incurred by a director or officer in his

capacity  as  a director  or officer in advance of the final

disposition  of  the proceeding  shall be made only upon

receipt of an undertaking  by the  director  or  officer to

repay all amounts  advanced  if  it should  be determined to be

indemnified under this Article  V  or otherwise.





      Section  3.   Claims.   If a claim for  indemnification

or payment  of  expenses under this Article V is not  paid  in

full within  ninety  days  after a written  claim  therefor

has  been received  by  the  Corporation, the claimant  may

file  suit  to recover  the  unpaid amount of such claim and,

if  successful  in whole  or

in part, shall be entitled to be paid the  expense  of

prosecuting  such  claim.   In any such action,  the
Corporation shall  have  the  burden of proving that  the
claimant  was  not

entitled  to the requested indemnification or payment of

expenses under applicable law.



      Section 4.  Nonexclusivity of Rights.  The rights

conferred on  any  person by this Article V shall not be

exclusive  of  any other  rights  which  such person may have

or  hereafter  acquire under any statute, provision of the

Certificate of Incorporation, these By-

Laws,  agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested

directors or otherwise.









     Section 5.  Contracts and Arrangements.  The Corporation

may enter into contracts providing indemnification to the full

extent authorized  or permitted by the Delaware General

Corporation  Law and may create a trust fund, grant a security

interest and/or use other  means (including, without

limitation, letters  of  credit, surety  bonds  and  other

similar arrangements)  to  ensure  the payment  of  such

amounts  as  may become  necessary  to  effect indemnification

pursuant to such contracts or otherwise.





     Section 6.  Amendment or Repeal.  Any repeal or

modification of the foregoing provisions of this Article V

shall not adversely affect  any right or protection of any

person in respect  of  any act  or  omission occurring prior to

the time of such  repeal  or modification.





                          ARTICLE VI

         CONTRACTS, CHECKS, DRAFTS, BANK ACCOUNTS, ETC.

      Section  1.   Execution of Contracts.  Except as
otherwise required  by statute, the Certificate of
Incorporation  or  these By-Laws,  any contracts or other
instruments may be executed  and delivered  in the name and on
behalf of the Corporation  by  such

officer  or  officers (including any assistant  officer)  of

the Corporation  as  the Board may from time to  time  direct.

Such authority may be general or confined to specific instances

as the Board may determine.  Unless authorized by the Board or

expressly permitted by these By-Laws, an officer or agent or

employee shall not  have any power or authority to bind the

Corporation  by  any contract  or engagement or to pledge its

credit or to  render  it pecuniarily liable for any purpose or

to any amount.



      Section  2.   Loans.   Unless  the  Board  shall

otherwise determine, either (a) the President or the Chairman

of the Board, or  (b)  any  Vice  President, the Chief

Financial  Officer,  the Treasurer  or the Secretary, together

with the President  or  the Chairman of the Board, may effect

loans and advances at any  time for  the  Corporation  from

any bank,  trust  company  or  other institution, or from any

firm, corporation or individual, and for such  loans and

advances may make, execute and deliver promissory notes, bonds

or other certificates or evidence of indebtedness of the

Corporation,  but  no  officer or officers  shall  mortgage,

pledge,  hypothecate or transfer any securities or other

property of the Corporation, except when authorized by the

Board.

      Section 3.  Checks, Drafts, etc.  All checks, drafts,

bills of  exchange or other orders for the payment of money out

of  the funds  of  the  Corporation, and all notes or other

evidences  of indebtedness of the Corporation, shall be signed

in the name  and on  behalf of the Corporation by such persons

and in such  manner as shall from time to time be authorized by

the Board.

      Section  4.   Deposits.  All funds of the  Corporation
not otherwise  employed shall be deposited from time to time
to  the credit of the Corporation in such banks, trust
companies or other depositories as the Board may from time to
time designate  or  as

may  be  designated by any officer or officers of the

Corporation to  whom  such  power of designation may from  time

to  time  be delegated by the Board.  For the purpose of

deposit and  for  the purpose of collection for the account of

the Corporation, checks, drafts  and  other  orders for the

payment  of  money  which  are payable to the order of the

Corporation may be endorsed, assigned and  delivered by any

officer or agent of the Corporation, or  in such manner as the

Board may determine by resolution.



      Section  5.  General and Special Bank Accounts.  The

Board

may  from  time  to  time authorize the opening  and  keeping

of general  and  special  bank  accounts  with  such  banks,

trust

companies or other depositories as the Board may designate or

as may  be  designated by any officer or officers of the

Corporation to  whom  such  power of designation may from  time

to  time  be delegated  by  the Board.  The Board may make such

special  rules and

regulations  with  respect  to  such  bank  accounts,   not

inconsistent with the provisions of these By-Laws, as it may

deem expedient.





      Section  6.   Proxies  in Respect of  Securities  of

Other

Corporations.  Unless otherwise provided by resolution adopted
by the  Board,  Chairman  of  the Board, the  President  or  a
Vice President  may from time to time appoint an attorney or
attorneys or agent or agents, of the Corporation, in the name
and on behalf of the Corporation to cast the votes which the
Corporation may be entitled  to  cast as the holder of stock or
other securities  in any  other  corporation, any of the stock
or other securities  of which  may be held by the Corporation,
at meetings of the holders of the stock or other securities of
such other corporation, or to consent  in  writing,  in  the
name of the  Corporation  as  such holder, to any action by
such other corporation, and may instruct the  person  or
persons so appointed as to the manner of  casting

such votes or giving such consent, and may execute or cause to

be executed  in the name and on behalf of the Corporation and

under its  corporate  seal, or otherwise, all such written

proxies  or other instruments as he may deem necessary or

proper.



                          ARTICLE VII

                         SHARES, ETC.

     Section 1.  Stock Certificates.  Each holder of stock of

the Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate, in

such form as  shall  be  approved by the Board, certifying  the

number  of shares   of  stock  of  the  Corporation  owned  by

him.  The

certificates representing shares of stock shall be signed in

the name  of  the  Corporation by the Chairman of the  Board

or  the President  or  a  Vice-President  and  by  the

Secretary  or  an Assistant  Secretary  or the Treasurer or an

Assistant  Treasurer and sealed with the seal of the

Corporation (which seal may be  a facsimile,  engraved or

printed); provided, however,  that  where any  such certificate

is countersigned by a transfer agent  other than  the

Corporation or its employee, or  is  registered  by  a

registrar other than the Corporation or one of its employees,

the signature             of  the  officers  of  the

Corporation upon   such

certificates may be facsimiles, engraved or printed.  In case

any officer  who  shall have signed or whose facsimile

signature  has been  placed upon such certificates shall have

ceased to be  such officer  before  such  certificates shall

be  issued,  they  may nevertheless be issued by the

Corporation with the same effect as if such officer were still

in office at the date of their issue.





      Section  2.   Books of Account and Record of

Stockholders.

The  books  and records of the Corporation may be  kept  at
such places within or without the State of Delaware, as the
Board  may from  time  to  time determine.  The stock record
books  and  the blank  stock certificate books shall be kept by
the Secretary  or

by any other officer or agent designated by the Board.



      Section  3.  Transfers of Shares.  Transfers of  shares

of stock  of  the Corporation shall be made on the stock

records  of the  Corporation only upon authorization by the

registered holder thereof,  or  by his attorney thereunto

authorized  by  power  of attorney  duly executed and filed

with the Secretary  or  with  a transfer  agent  or  transfer

clerk,  and  on  surrender  of  the certificate or certificates

for such shares properly endorsed  or accompanied  by  a  duly

executed stock transfer  power  and  the payment  of  all taxes

thereon.  Except as otherwise provided  by law, the Corporation

shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person

in whose name any share or shares stand on  the record  of

stockholders as the owner of such share or shares  for all

purposes,  including,  without  limitation,  the  rights  to

receive  dividends or other distributions, and to  vote  as

such owner,  and  the  Corporation may hold any  such

stockholder  of record liable for calls and assessments and the

Corporation shall not  be  bound to recognize any equitable or

legal  claim  to  or interest  in  any such share or shares on

the part of  any  other person  whether  or  not it shall have

express  or  other  notice thereof.   Whenever  any transfers

of shares shall  be  made  for collateral  security and not

absolutely, and both the  transferor and  transferee request

the Corporation to do so, such fact shall be stated in the

entry of the transfer.

     Section 4.  Regulations.  The Board may make such

additional rules and regulations, not inconsistent with these

By-Laws, as it may                                     deem

expedient  concerning  the  issue,    transfer      and

registration  of  certificates  for  shares  of  stock   of

the

Corporation.   It  may  appoint,  or  authorize  any  officer
or officers to appoint, one or more transfer agents or one  or
more transfer  clerks and one or more registrars and may
require  all

certificates  for  shares  of stock  to  bear  the  signature

or signatures of any of them.



      Section 5.  Lost, Destroyed or Mutilated Certificates.

The

holder  of  any certificate representing shares of stock  of

the Corporation shall immediately notify the Corporation of any

loss, destruction   or   mutilation  of  such  certificate,

and  the

Corporation may issue a new certificate of stock in the place

of any  certificate theretofore issued by it which the owner

thereof shall

allege  to have been lost, stolen or destroyed,  or  which

shall  have been mutilated, and the Board may, in its

discretion,

require  such owner or his legal representative to  give  to

the Corporation a bond in such sum, limited or unlimited, and

in such form  and  with  such  surety or sureties as  the

Board  in  its absolute discretion shall determine, to

indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made

against it on account  of  the alleged  loss, theft, or

destruction of any such certificate,  or the  issuance  of  a

new certificate.  Anything  herein  to  the contrary

notwithstanding, the Board, in its absolute discretion, may

refuse to issue any such new certificate, except pursuant  to

legal proceedings under the laws of the State of Delaware.





      Section 6.  Stockholder's Right of Inspection.  Any

person

who  shall  have been a stockholder of record of the

Corporation for  at least six months immediately preceding his

demand, or any person  holding, or thereunto authorized by the

holders  of,  at least

five  percent of the outstanding shares of  stock  of  the

Corporation, shall, in person or by attorney or other agent,

upon written  demand under oath stating the purpose thereof,

have  the right

during  the  ordinary business hours to  inspect  for  any

proper  purpose the Corporation's stock ledger,  a  list  of
its stockholders and its other books and records, and to make
copies or  extracts  therefrom.  A proper purpose shall mean  a
purpose

reasonably  related to such person's interest as  a

stockholder. In  every instance where an attorney or other

agent shall be  the person  who seeks the right to inspection,

the demand under  oath shall be accompanied by a power of

attorney or such other writing which  authorizes the attorney

or other agent to so act on behalf of  the stockholder.  The

demand under oath shall be directed  to the  Corporation at its

registered office in this State or at its principal place of

business.





      Section  7.   Fixing of Record Date.   In  order  that

the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to

notice  of or  to  vote  at  the meeting of stockholders or any

adjournment thereof,  or  to express consent to corporate

action  in  writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive

payment of any dividend or  other distribution or allotment of

any rights or entitled  to exercise  any  rights  in respect of

any  change,  conversion  or exchange of stock or for the

purpose of any other lawful  action, the Board may fix, in

advance, a record date, which shall not  be more

than sixty nor less than ten days before the date  of  such

meeting,  nor more than sixty days prior to any other action.

A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of

or to  vote  at  a  meeting  of  stockholders  shall  apply  to

any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the

Board may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

                         ARTICLE VIII

                            OFFICES

     Section 1.  Registered Office.  The registered office of

the

Corporation  in  the State of Delaware shall be  at  1209
Orange Street, Wilmington, County of New Castle, Delaware.  The
name  of the  resident  agent in charge thereof shall be  the
Corporation Trust Company.





     Section 2.  Other Offices.  The Corporation may also have

an office or offices other than said principal office at such

place or  places, either within or without the Sate of

Delaware, as the Board  shall from time to time determine or

the business  of  the Corporation may require.

                          ARTICLE IX

                          FISCAL YEAR

      The  fiscal year of the Corporation shall be January  1

to December 31 of each year.

                           ARTICLE X

                             SEAL

      The Board shall provide a corporate seal, which shall be

in the  form  of  two concentric circles and bear the  name  of

the Corporation  and  the  words  and figures  "Corporate  Seal

1971 Delaware."

                          ARTICLE XI

                          AMENDMENTS

      The Board shall have the power to amend these By-Laws by

a majority  vote. Notwithstanding  anything  contained  in

these

By-Laws  to  the  contrary,  the  stockholders  may  amend
these By-Laws,  but  only  by  an affirmative  vote  of  sixty-
six  and two-thirds percent (66 2/3%) of the voting power of
all shares of the  Corporation  entitled to vote, except when
stockholders  are required  to  vote  by  class,  in  which
event  sixty-six   and two-thirds  percent (66 2/3%) of the
voting power of  that  class shall be required.