# Patent

## Title
GPSTP with multiple thread functionality

## Abstract

Multiple thread functionality in a general purpose set theoretic processor (GPSTP) is implemented by addition of a thread memory for processing multiple interleaved data input streams to enable state save-and-restore functionality. The thread memory is functionally distributed among three parts of the GPSTP that change state during execution. The system structure minimizes the number of bits required to be saved and restored, and cell structures are configured implement the multi-thread functionality.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application claims benefit under 35 USC 119(e) of U.S. provisional Application No. 60/862,726, filed on Oct. 24, 1007, entitled “MULTIPLE THREAD FUNCTIONALITY,” the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The present application is related to and incorporates the contents of the following US application by reference in its entirety and which is not to be considered to be prior art: U.S. application Ser. No. 11/353,318, entitled “General Purpose Set Theoretic Processor”, filed Feb. 13, 2006.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
STATEMENT AS TO RIGHTS TO INVENTIONS MADE UNDER FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
NOT APPLICABLE
REFERENCE TO A “SEQUENCE LISTING,” A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING APPENDIX SUBMITTED ON A COMPACT DISK
NOT APPLICABLE
This invention relates to improvements in a general purpose set theoretic processor (GPSTP). A GPSTP is a systolic (i.e., stimulus-response) processor consisting of N building block modules (BBMs), each of which is itself a systolic processor, as explained elsewhere. Each BBM has a recognition network and an aggregation network. The aggregation network as described in the related patent application Ser. No. 11/353,318 has two components of interest, an aggregation routing matrix and a threshold logic unit. The recognition network and the aggregation network are controlled by an external stimulus-response sequencer, also as explained elsewhere. In scan mode, the recognition network generates a 1024 bit response for every input stimulus-byte.
The prior GPSTP has certain limitations that inhibit its versatility. In certain modes of operation, a GPSTP must receive inputs (messages, documents) from data streams as segmented threads such that several segments must be assembled to form a whole thread. Such data streams are generated by a plurality of sources and multiplexed so that segments belonging to different entities are interleaved. Thus, there is a need to scan segments from a plurality of sources and to save the GPSTP state for each source while scanning segments from other sources and restoring the GPSTP state for a source when its next segment is scanned. The speed requirements for applications such as those in the above scenario make preserving state external to the GPSTP prohibitive.
The prior GPSTP occupied all of the space available on the highest capacity contemporary integrated circuit (IC) medium. The nature of the GPSTP concept demands total capacity from implementation media, requiring relatively large amounts of memory. So some means must be found to reduce the implementation resource required by the GPSTP while maintaining its capacity, functionality and speed. What is needed are improvements that address those limitations.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the present invention, an improvement is provided for processing multiple interleaved data input streams in a general purpose set theoretic processor, wherein a thread memory is provided to enable state save-and-restore functionality. The thread memory is functionally distributed among three parts of the GPSTP that change state during execution.
In order to provide resources for thread memory of a GPSTP, one of the major components of the GPSTP is reorganized, reducing by two-thirds the number of memory bits and by one-half the number of logic gates it uses as compared to prior embodiments. This reorganization also results in more flexible and efficient use of the remaining resources.
Specifically according to the invention, a new sub-system is added to a GPSTP in order to minimize the number of bits required to be saved and restored, thereby making the throughput performance of the GPSTP comensurate with the prior GPSTP. A number of cell structures are modified to implement the multi-thread functionality.
The invention will be better understood upon reference to the following detailed description in connection with the accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a general purpose set theoretic processor according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a detection cell according to the invention.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an activity routing cell illustrating specific inputs according to the invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a portion of a recognition network illustrating reconfigurable synchronization configuration according to with the invention.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of selected details of a latch matrix, aggregation matrix and a threshold logic matrix of the aggregation network of FIG. 1.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing preferred inputs and outputs of a latch cell of a latch matrix.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing preferred inputs and outputs of an aggregation routing cell.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing preferred inputs and outputs of a threshold logic cell.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring to FIG. 1, a general purpose set theoretic processor has a recognition network 10 with a latent response memory (MR) 12, coupled via a recognition matrix (RM) 14, to an activity matrix (AM) 16, and at least one state save and restore memory (SSRM) 18 coupled to the recognition matrix 14. As hereinafter explained, the SSRM 18 is one of three such added to implement the functions necessary for dealing with multiple threaded sources.
The latent response memory (MR) 12 is a 256×1024 random access memory. Each of its columns MRi is connected to a detection cell DCi. 22i of the recognition matrix (RM) 14. Each of its rows MRr is loaded with the latent response specified by the current reference pattern to the stimulus-byte whose digital value is equal to the row number. On each input cycle, MRb (the row whose number is equal to the input stimulus-byte) is conjunctively combined with the state of the recognition matrix (RM) 14 to produce a manifest response; each of its bits MRb,i is ANDed with the state of the corresponding detection cell DCi to generate response Ri, which is one bit of the manifest response.
The principal goal of the present invention is to provide a multiple thread capability in the GPSTP without diminishing capacity (i.e., number of detection cells 22i), the functionality or the throughput speed of the GPSTP. Modification of the latent response memory (MR) 12 (FIG. 1) to use one column of 256 bits per detection cell instead of three such columns releases large numbers of memory cells to be used elsewhere, such as for the save and restore memory (SSRM) 18 (FIG. 1), the latch save and restore memory (LSRM) 38 (FIG. 1) and the threshold count save and restore memory. (TCSRM) 40 (FIG. 1). In the prior GPSTP, three 256-bit columns of memory were required to store latent responses for each detection cell, one column each for auto-activation, for activation of other detection cells and for transmitting results to the aggregation network. Since it is rare that any detection cell requires more than one of these functions, and since in most cases where two functions are required (e.g., auto-activation and activation of other detection cells), it has been recognized that all of the same response bits can be used for both purposes, for most cases a single memory column can be used. This modification requires changes to the detection cell (DC) 22 (FIG. 2) and the activation routing cell 24 (FIG. 3), as well as to the latent response memory 12 (FIG. 1) itself.
The save and restore memory (SSRM) 18 is typically a 256×1024-bit memory. When a source appears in the interleaved stimulus stream other than that being processed, the current recognition matrix state S=S1, S2, . . . , S1024 is stored at row SSRMFN (FN being the source or flow number). When the interrupted flow resumes, the current state for the in process flow is saved to SSRMFN′, and the contents of SSRMFN are retrieved and used to restore the state of the recognition matrix 14. When an input block (e.g., a message) is complete, its final state is not saved, and the row in SSRM 18 that its saved state had occupied is released. Flow number management is performed in software external to the GPSTP.
According to present invention, only one MR column of 256 bits is used for each detection cell (DC) 22i, providing a mechanism for linking detection cells in those cases when more than one of the three functions is needed for recognizing simplex stimuli. They are linked by means of activity routing cells (ARCi) 24j,i (FIG. 4) in the activity matrix 24 (FIG. 1) in the recognition network 10 (FIG. 1). In the prior GPSTP, there was the mapping DCp→DCs (predecessor DCp activates successor DCs) and the DCs is configured to respond with all three functions.
Referring to FIG. 4, in the GPSTP 10 modified according to the present invention DCi 22i→DCc 22c (read, “DCi and activates DCc”), DCi→DCs1 22s1, DCi→DCs2 22s2 c, and DCc→DCs1, DCc→DCs2. The detection cell c DCc is configured (via activity routing cell ARC1,c 241,c) to auto-activate whenever it is active, and its latent response to stimulus-byte b at input 15 is MRb,c 12i=1. DCs1 is configured by ARC1,c ≧1,c and ARC1,s1 ≧1,s1, and DCs2 is configured by ARC1,c, ARC1,s1, and ARC1,s2 241,s2 to activate under the same conditions as DCc. Further, DCs1 and DCs2 are configured to activate detection cells elsewhere in the recognition matrix. This linkage assures that the linked cells are always in the same state, thus assuring that the linked cells perform exactly as a single detection cell using three columns of memory as in the prior GPSTP.
The types of linkage paths are illustrated in FIG. 4. The bold dashed line represents the ARC configuration that enables DCi 22i to initiate synchronization of DCc 22c with DCs1 22s1 and DCs2. 22s2. The bold solid line represents the ARC configuration that enables DCc to synchronize the states of DCs1 and DCs2 with its own state. The bold dotted line represents an ARC configuration that enables DCs1 to activate one or more detection cells elsewhere in the recognition matrix. The bold dashed and dotted line represents an ARC configuration that enable DCs2s to activate one or more detection cells elsewhere in the recognition matrix (RM) 14.
The recognition matrix (RM) 14 is a 1×1024 set of detection cells DCi. 22i. In the prior GPSTP, each DCi. 22i was connected to its immediate physical neighbor. According to the present invention, these cells have no direct connections among themselves and, except for physical proximity, they have no inherent order. The present invention connects detection cells via the activity matrix(AM) 16 according to the currently loaded reference pattern. Detection cells 22 of the present invention have a further input and further output in addition to those inputs and outputs found in the prior GPSTP.
The following transition functions are to be noted:

    
    
        SSRMFM,i The state of DCi is restored with value input from SSRMFM,i 
        Si The current state of DCi is output to SSRMFM,i for preservation.
    
    


Detection cells are subject to two additional controls:

    
    
        SAV SAV is used to preserve state values of the recognition matrix RM, the latch matrix LM and the counts of the threshold logic cells in the aggregation network (AN) 30.
        RES RES recalls saves states and restores the GPSTP with them.
    
    


As with the prior GPSTP, the state Si is the state of detection cell DCi. 22i. State Si=1≡Active Si0≡Inactive.
Referring to FIG. 2, the detection cell 22 itself has been simplified by removal of the auto-activation to the Activity Matrix 24. The following are the cell's inputs, outputs, and logic equations.
Inputs:

    
    
        ISi Initial state for DC1 
        MRb,i Latent Response for stimulus-byte b and DCi 
        UEj.i Union of all signals in the Activation Matrix directed to activating DCi 
        SSRMFN,i The restoration state for DCi and source (flow) number FN.
    
    


Outputs:

    
    
        Si The current State of DCi output to SSRMFN,i 
        Ri Manifest Response output to Latch Cell LCi and to Activity Routing Cells ARC1,i thru ARC10,i 
    
    


Manifest Response:

Ri←C1 & Si & MRb,i 

Initiate State:

Si←INI & ISi 

Next State:

Si←C2 & UEj.i 

Restore Detection Cell State:

Si←RES & SSRMFN,j 

Save Detection Cell State:

SSRMFN,j←Si & SAV

Referring again to FIG. 1, the activity matrix (AM) 16 is a rectangular array of potential pathways that can be used to connect the manifest response Ri of any detection cell (DCi) 22i to any set of detection cells. In the prior GPSTP, a detection cell could be configured to auto-activate on specified conditions. The present invention modifies the AM 16 so that a DC 22 can be connected to itself, as well as to any other detection cell. This modification removes the auto-activation function from the detection cell to the activity matrix, simplifying the DC. A reference pattern configures the AM 16 into a network of actual connections that allow a first DC 22 to activate other detection cells (including itself) for the next stimulus-byte input. If the DC 22 is not activated by itself or another detection cell, it is inactive for the next input cycle.
The AM 16 accrues no new inputs or outputs as a consequence of operation according to the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3, there is however one modification to the activity response cells (ARCj,i) 24j,i,, namely, one additional connection in its internal logic. The AM 16 is a pure passive interconnection network which does not change between reference pattern loads. Thus it is not subject to any execution controls.
Its modification can be seen in a change to one logic equation. The equations for the Unified Enable output are:

Compare prior: UEj.i←UEj+.iV(AFPj−1,i & FPj−1,i)V(ARPj−1,i & RPj+1,i))

Present: UEj.i←UEj+.iV(AFPj−1,i & FPj−1,i) V ((ARPj−1,i & (Ri & SRPj,i)) V (RPSj,i & RPj+1,i))

Where:

    
    
        ARPj,i≡Accept Reverse Propagation—incorporate the activation signal from ARCj,i+1 into UEj.i 
        RPj,i+1≡Reverse Propagation—Activation signal from ARCj,i+1 
        UEj+.i≡Union of activation signals from ARC10,i thru ARCj+2,i and all the activation signals routed through them
        Ri≡Manifest Response from DCi 
        SRPj,i≡Select Reverse Propagation—incorporate Ri activation signals routed from ARCj,i+1 through ARCj,i into RPj,i 
        RPSj,i≡Reverse propagation switch—pass activation signals from ARCj,i+1 Through ARCj,i to ARCj,i−1 
    
    


This embodiment incorporates the Manifest Response Ri into the activation (aka activity) signal fed into DCi, thereby enabling auto-activation through the AM 16 without auto-activation circuitry within each DCi.
The remaining ARC 24 equations are:
Forward Propagation

FPj.i←(Ri & SFPj,i)V (FPSj,i & FPj−1,i)

Reverse Propagation:

RPj.i←(Ri & SRPj,i)V (RPSj,i & RPj+1,i)

The second major component of the GPSTP, an aggregation network (AN) 30 (FIG. 1) has two major components: an aggregation routing matrix (AGRM) 32 and a threshold logic matrix(TLM) 34. The RM/AGRM interface is a unidirectional connection of 1024 bits through latch matrix 36. This connection brings the RM 14 manifest response to the AGRM 32 on every stimulus-byte input cycle. Internally, connections in the aggregation network 30 are all M-bit unidirectional, as shown.
The AGRM 32 maps selected detection cells 22 to one or more threshold logic cells (TLCj) 34j. The TLCs 34j determine when satisfaction of conditions mapped to it is sufficient.
Referring to FIG. 1, according to the present invention, three more components are added, a latch matrix (LM) 36, a latch state save and restore memory (LSSRM) 38, and a threshold state save and restore memory (TCSRM) 40.
Referring to FIG. 5, the LM 36 comprises a 1×1024 array of latch cells (LCi) 36i, one LCi 36i for each DCi 22i The LSSRM 38 (FIG. 1) is a 256×1024 random access memory. The latch matrix state (L1 . . . L1024) is saved to and restored from LSSRM 38 in the same manner as the recognition matrix 14 (FIG. 1) is saved to and restored from the SSRM 18.
On each stimulus-byte input, the selected LCi (FIG. 6) accepts the manifest response Ri from DCi. It passes every Ri=1 through to the ith row of aggregation routing cells AGRC1,i . . . AGRCm,i, 321,i . . . 32M,i (FIG. 7). It sends R′i=1 to AGRC1,i . . . AGRCM,i, 321,i . . . 32M,i only on the first occurrence of Ri=1, thereafter it sends R′i=0. until it is reset either by load of a new reference pattern or by restoration from TCSRMFN,I40FN,I.
LC equations are given as follows:
Initialize

Li←1

First Recognition:

R′i←C1 & Ri & Li 

Latch State:

Li←Li V ((C1 & Ri) V INI) & ((C1 &  ̃Ri) V INI V (RES V LSRMFN,j))

Save Latch State:

LSRMFN,j←Li & SAV

Restore Latch State:

Li←RES & LSRMFN,j 

The aggregation routing matrix (AGRM) 32 (FIG. 5) is an M×1024 array of aggregation routing cells (AGRCM,i) 32M,i. AGRCM,is are used to route manifest response outputs from detection cells that are the last in a term (set of interconnected DCs 22 meant to recognize equivalent input stimuli).
Each Y/N switch of AGRCM,i 32M,i is set by the current reference pattern and does not change until a different reference pattern is loaded. The state Y/Nj,i determines whether a particular Ri (or R′i) is routed to TLCj 34j. The latch/no-latch switch signal LNLj,i is likewise set by the reference pattern and not changed until another is loaded. This switch determines whether Ri or R′i is routed. The AGRC 32 has no state that can change during scan execution. Once the switches are set, the AGRM 32 is a passive routing matrix, a set of static connections. Therefore it has nothing that needs to be saved and restored on change of source.
The threshold logic matrix (TLM) 35 (FIG. 5) is a linear array of M×1 36-bit threshold logic counters (TLC) 35i (FIG. 8). The value of the TLCs 35i is the third element of the GPSTP state and must be saved and restored at change of source.
The TCSRM 40 is a 256×1024 random access memory. The values of the TLCs 35i [(TLV1,1 . . . L1, 1024), (TL2,1 . . . L2, 1024) . . . (TL32, 1 . . . L32, 1024)] are saved to TCSRMFN,1 . . . 32; TCSRMFN,33 . . . 64; . . . TCSRMFN,992 . . . 1024 and restored therefrom.
The invention has now been explained with reference to specific embodiments. Other embodiments are evident to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is therefore not intended that this invention be limited, except as indicated by the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A general purpose set theoretic processor having a recognition matrix with a plurality of detection cells, said detection cells being coupled to receive output of a latent response memory, the improvement comprising:
a latch matrix coupled said recognition matrix;
a latch state save and restore memory coupled to said latch matrix, said latch state save and restore memory for retaining state of said latch matrix;
an activity matrix with a plurality of activity cells coupled to said plurality of detection cells;
said detection cells apply detection output to said activity matrix;
and wherein connection among said activity cells and among said detection cells is effected only through said activity matrix.

2. The general purpose set theoretic processor according to claim 1 further including a threshold logic matrix, the improvement comprising:
a threshold count save and restore memory coupled to said threshold logic matrix, said threshold count save and restore memory for retaining state of said threshold logic matrix.

3. The general purpose set theoretic processor according to claim 1 further including a threshold logic matrix, the improvement comprising:
a state save and restore memory coupled to said recognition matrix, said state save and restore memory for retaining state of said recognition logic matrix.

4. A general purpose set theoretic processor having a recognition matrix with a plurality of detection cells, said detection cells being coupled to receive output of a latent response memory the improvement comprising:
an activity matrix with a plurality of activity cells coupled to said plurality of detection cells;
and wherein connection among said activity cells and among said detection cells is effected only through said activity matrix.

5. The general purpose set theoretic processor according to claim 4, the improvement wherein the activity matrix is operative to enable any said detection cells to be connected to itself such that said detection cell may be auto activated in response to operation of said activity matrix.

6. The general purpose set theoretic processor according to claim 5, wherein each activity routing cell of said activity matrix is operative according to the following logic:


UEj.i←UVj+.iV(AFPj−1,i & FPj−1,j) V ((ARPj−1,i & (Ri & SRPj,i)) V (RPSj,i & RPj+1,i))


where:
ARPj,i≡Accept Reverse Propagation—incorporate the activation signal from ARCj,i+1 into UEj.i 
RPj,i+1≡Reverse Propagation—Activation signal from ARCj,i+1 
UEj+.i≡Union of activation signals from ARC10,i thru ARCj+2,i and all the activation signals routed through them
Ri≡Manifest response from DCi 
SRPj,i≡Select Reverse Propagation—incorporate Ri activation signals routed from ARCj,i+1 through ARCj,i into RPj,i 
RPSj,i≡Reverse propagation switch—pass activation signals from ARCj,i+1 Through ARCj,i to ARCj,i−1.

7. The general purpose set theoretic processor according to claim 5, the improvement further comprising:
a single column of bits of said latent response memory, said single column being disposed for providing latent response input bits to only a single one of said detection cell in response to each input stimulus byte; and
a configurable linkage via activity routing cells, said configurable linkage providing coupling between a first detection cell and a set of second detection cells, including a controlling detection cell and a plurality of synchronized detection cells, said first detection cell operative to initiate synchronization of said set, said controlling detection cell operative to synchronize its state with said synchronized detection cells in said set such that states of said synchronized detection cells are at the same state as the state of said controlling detection cell.