IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 15-1684

Filed November 25, 2015

IN THE INTEREST OF A.C.,

Minor Child,

S.C., Father,

Appellant.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Cerro Gordo County, Annette L. 

Boehlje, District Associate Judge.

A father appeals the termination of his parental rights. AFFIRMED.

Dylan J. Thomas, Mason City, for appellant father.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Janet L. Hoffman, Assistant Attorneys 

General, for appellee State.

Crystal L. Ely of Young Law Office, Mason City, attorney and guardian ad 

litem for minor child.

Considered by Potterfield, P.J., and Doyle and Tabor, JJ.
2

DOYLE, Judge.

S.C. appeals from the juvenile court’s order terminating his parental rights 

to his child A.C., born in 2012. Reviewing his claims de novo, see In re J.C., 857 

N.W.2d 495, 500 (Iowa 2014), we affirm.

I. Background Facts and Proceedings.

The father has a long history of using illegal substances; he started using 

marijuana when he was eleven years old and graduated to methamphetamine 

use by age seventeen. He was in substance-abuse-treatment programs twice as 

a juvenile. As an adult, he has been in and out of prison multiple times for drugrelated charges, and he has been involved in substance-abuse treatment both in 

and out of prison. The father has had periods of sobriety, only to relapse. The 

father also has a history of mild mental illnesses, for which he was prescribed 

medications, and has struggled with anger-management issues.

A.C. has two older half-siblings, and the three children lived with their 

mother until approximately June 2014, when they were removed from her care. 

It was alleged there was domestic violence in the home between the mother and 

her paramour, who is the father of one of the other children, and that both the 

mother and her paramour were using illegal substances. A.C.’s subsequent hairstat test was positive for methamphetamine. The children were adjudicated 

children in need of assistance (CINA) and A.C. was ultimately placed in the care 

of her maternal grandfather, where she has since remained.

At the time of the children’s removal, S.C. was incarcerated, limiting the 

services available to him. In July 2014, he pled guilty to possession of a 

controlled substance, third or subsequent offense, a class “D” felony. See Iowa 
3

Code § 124.401(5)(D) (2013). He filed a notice of appeal in that case, and he 

was released on bond in August 2014.

After his release, the father “was able to immediately initiate contact with 

both the [Iowa Department of Human Services (Department)] and [the service] 

provider to establish both skill building and supervised visitation.” About a week 

after his release, he had his first visit with A.C. in six months. While sober, he 

was “fairly consistent with making his weekly supervised visitation. Generally 

speaking [the father came] prepared for his visits with [A.C.]. He also [did] a 

wonderful job interacting with [the child] during the entire visitation time needing 

few prompts.” However, he failed to follow through with the substance-abusetreatment services recommended after his initial substance-abuse evaluation.

By December 2014, the “appropriateness and positive aspects to the 

[father’s] visits” seemed to “deteriorat[e] or decline.” The father had “lesser 

patience with the [child], he was less prepared and less actively . . . involved with 

[him]. He seemed more distracted.” He still had not begun individual counseling 

services or substance-abuse treatment. Though he was not on probation at that 

time, he had “a pending court action regarding possession of illegal drugs.”

At the January 2015 review hearing, concerns were noted because the 

father and the mother had still not seriously engaged in substance-abuse 

treatment, despite the offer of services and the approaching permanency date. 

Around the same time, the father withdrew his appeal of his guilty plea, and he 

was to turn himself in to authorities. He did not do so, nor did he engage in 

substance-abuse treatment. While he continued to participate in supervised 

visits, the service provider believed he had come to visits under the influence.
4

In February, a warrant was issued for the father’s arrest. He sent the 

service provider a text stating, “I have a warrant now. So I gotta go turn myself 

in. If you see the kids tell them I love them and will miss them a bunch. . .Thank 

you. Sorry for everything. Please keep me updated on kids.” The father 

subsequently turned himself in, and he was placed in jail awaiting transfer to the 

prison classification center.

A permanency hearing was held in May 2015, and the father was still 

incarcerated. The court directed the State to file a petition for termination of the 

parents’ parental rights, and a petition was subsequently filed.

Hearing on the petition was held in September 2015. The father was still 

incarcerated at that time, serving at a prison camp facility, and he testified by 

phone. He believed he would be paroled very shortly, possibly the next week, 

and he requested the court grant him additional time for reunification. He 

testified he had been sober since his incarceration in February and had 

“completed a four month long treatment program,” and he was “just waiting on 

the board of parole to give [him his] answer if they are going to give [him his] 

parole or what’s going on.” He admitted he had not “really had much contact with 

[the child]” since his incarceration, only talking to the child by phone a few times. 

He had not seen the child since being incarcerated in February.

The Department’s caseworker testified and acknowledged that when the 

father was sober, his visits with the child went well and he was able to be a 

parent to the child. Nevertheless, she recommended the father’s parental rights

be terminated, explaining:
5

Well, we’ve been involved for approximately a year with this family 

and since that time [the father’s] been—he was in prison at the 

onset, went to jail, came out of jail. I think he had a brief 

incarceration in there, was incarcerated again and now is back in 

prison. So within a year’s time, he’s been incarcerated more than 

he’s not been. [The child] is young. She needs safety and stability. 

It’s very confusing to her when people come and go from her life. 

She is very safe and stable in [her grandfather’s] home. She 

doesn’t have another six months to wait to see if [the father] is

released from prison and actually follows through with some of the 

recommendation that he’s had an extended amount of time to 

follow through and didn’t.

Following the hearing, the juvenile court entered its order terminating the 

father’s parental rights. The court, employing the proper three-step analysis, see 

In re P.L., 778 N.W.2d 33, 40 (Iowa 2010), found the State proved grounds for 

termination under Iowa Code section 232.116(1) paragraphs (e) and (h), 

termination of the father’s parental rights was in the child’s best interests, and 

none of the exceptions set forth in section 232.116(3) applied.

The father now appeals, challenging the juvenile court’s conclusions as to 

each step of the analysis.

II. Discussion.

A. Grounds for Termination.

When the juvenile court terminates parental rights on more than one 

statutory ground, we need only find grounds to terminate under one of the 

paragraphs cited by the juvenile court to affirm. See In re D.W., 791 N.W.2d 703, 

707 (Iowa 2010). On appeal, the father challenges only the termination ruling 

pursuant to paragraph (e); he does not challenge or mention paragraph (h). 

Consequently, the father has waived any claim of error on that ground. See 

Hyler v. Garner, 548 N.W.2d 864, 870 (Iowa 1996) (stating “our review is 
6

confined to those propositions relied upon by the appellant for reversal on 

appeal”); Iowa R. App. P. 6.903(2)(g)(3) (“Failure to cite authority in support of an 

issue may be deemed waiver of that issue.”). Nevertheless, because the State

clearly met its burden in establishing the ground set forth in Iowa Code section 

232.116(1)(h) as to the father, we briefly address that ground.

Under Iowa Code section 232.116(1) paragraph (h), the court may 

terminate the rights of a parent to a child if there is clear and convincing evidence 

that a child three years of age or younger “who has been adjudicated a CINA and 

removed from the parents’ care for at least the last six consecutive months 

cannot be returned to the parents’ custody at the time of the termination hearing.” 

D.W., 791 N.W.2d at 707 (citing Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(h)). A.C. was 

adjudicated a CINA and was three years old at the time of the termination 

hearing. She had been removed from her parents’ care since June 2014, and 

she could not be returned to the father’s care at the time of the termination 

hearing because the father was incarcerated. The State clearly proved this 

ground for termination of the father’s parental rights.

B. Factors in Termination.

In determining “whether to terminate parental rights based on a particular 

ground, we must give primary consideration to ‘the child’s safety, . . . the best 

placement for furthering the long-term nurturing and growth of the child, 

and . . . the physical, mental, and emotional condition and needs of the child.’” 

Id. (citing Iowa Code § 232.116(2)). We simply cannot deprive a child of 

permanency after the State has proven a ground for termination because we 

hope “someday a parent will learn to be a parent and be able to provide a stable 
7

home for the child.” In re A.M., 843 N.W.2d 100, 112 (Iowa 2014). Rather, “[t]he 

legislature has established time frames to balance the need to provide parents 

with a reasonable opportunity to resume care of their [child] and the [child’s] long 

term best interests.” Id. at 109. “Courts are obliged to move urgently to achieve 

the ends that will best serve the child’s interests because childhood does not 

‘await the wanderings of judicial process.’” J.C., 857 N.W.2d at 502. As we have 

said too many times, children are simply not equipped with pause buttons; we 

cannot suspend the “crucial days of childhood” to allow parents to “experiment 

with ways to face up to their own problems.” In re A.C., 415 N.W.2d 609, 613 

(Iowa 1987).

Here, the father had not seen the child in six months when he had his first 

supervised visit in August 2014, and by February 2015, he was again out of her 

life. Though he was sober at the time of the termination hearing, he was also 

incarcerated, serving time for his third or subsequent possession of controlled 

substances. While we hope the father is successful in his sobriety, there is no 

evidence here that additional time would yield a different result. It is clear the 

father loves A.C. However, we agree with the juvenile court that his “drug usage 

and lack of engagement of services precludes [his] care of [the child] at this time, 

as well as into the foreseeable future.” The father had the opportunity again to

work on his sobriety outside of the prison system during the pendency of the 

case before turning himself in in February 2015, and he chose not to. His 

choices have required the child to be in the consistent care of others, and she is 

doing well with her half-siblings in the care of her grandfather. Given the child’s 

young age, permanency must be established. Considering the relevant factors, 
8

we agree with the juvenile court that termination of the father’s parental rights is 

in the child’s best interests.

C. Exceptions to Termination.

Finally, we consider whether any exception in section 232.116(3) applies 

to make termination unnecessary. See D.W., 791 N.W.2d at 709. “The factors 

weighing against termination in section 232.116(3) are permissive, not 

mandatory, and the court may use its discretion, based on the unique 

circumstances of each case and the best interests of the child, whether to apply 

the factors in this section to save the parent-child relationship.” A.M., 843 

N.W.2d at 113 (citation and internal quotation marks omitted).

The juvenile court found “none of the exceptions apply,” and we agree. 

Though the father argues, among other things, that the child’s “grandfather has 

custody of the child,” the child was not in the grandfather’s legal custody, as 

required under section 232.116(3)(a). See id. In this case, the most relevant 

exception is whether “[t]here is clear and convincing evidence that the 

termination would be detrimental to the child at the time due to the closeness of 

the parent-child relationship,” see Iowa Code § 232.116(3)(c), and we do not find 

such evidence exists here. Although it is clear that the father loves his child, the 

father has been in and out of the child’s life since birth, and he has had minimal 

contact with her since February 2015. We do not find that termination would be 

detrimental to the child based solely on the parent-child relationship. 

Consequently, we agree with the juvenile court that clear and convincing 

evidence supports the termination of the father’s parental rights.
9

III. Conclusion.

After applying the requirements of Iowa Code section 232.116, we find the 

juvenile court did not err when it terminated the father’s parental rights. 

Accordingly, we affirm the juvenile court’s ruling.

AFFIRMED.