WATER TEMPERATURES 

IN THE LOWER 

COLUMBIA RIVER 

Water Temperatures in the 

Lower Columbia River 

----------------------------~ GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 551 

Washington 196 
United States Department of the Interior 

STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary 

Geological Survey 

William T. Pecora, Director 

Free on application to the U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. 20242 
CONTENTS 

Page Page 

Abstract Monthly profiles of water temperature 

Introduction __________________________________ _ 1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

for August 1941 to July 1942 ------------------ 2 

General background _______________________ _ Explanation of profiles --------------------- 2 

Purpose and scope -------------------------

Acknowledgments --------------------------

Interpretation of profiles ___________________ 10 

Comparison with average conditions ----- 10 

Daily water temperatures for 20 sites ____________ _ Comparison with present conditions ----- 10 

Figure 1. 

2-7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

Conclusions ----------------------------------- 15 

References ------------------------------------ 16 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

Page 

Map showing study area and sites for which water temperatures are reported ________________ 2 

Graphs of water-temperature profiles for lower Columbia River for2. August and September 1941 ------------------------------------------------------ 4 

3. October and November 1941 ------------------------------------------------------- 5 

4. December 1941 and January 1942 ------------------------------------------------- 6 

5. February and March 1942 --------------------------------------------------------- 7 

6. April and May 1942 ------------------------------------------------------------- 8 

7. June and July 1942 -------------------------------------------------------------- 9 

Graph showing comparison of monthly water temperatures for 1941-42 with those for 

1938-56 at Bonneville Dam ___________ ----------------------------------------------- 11 

Graphs of monthly mean water temperatures at Bonneville Dam, 1938-66 ____________________ 12 

Graphs showing correlation of water temperature at Bonneville Dam with air temperature and rate of flow (July) ------------------------------------------------------ 13 

Graphs showing correlation of water temperature at Bonneville Dam with air temperature and rate of flow (April) ----------------------------------------------------- 14 

TABLES 

Page 

Table 1-6. Daily water temperatures of Columbia River, August 1941 to July 1942, at--

1. VVarrendale, Oreg -------------------------------------------------------------- 19 

2. Prindle, VVash ------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 

3. VVashougal, Wash --------------------------------------------------------------- 21 

4. Ellsworth, Wash --------------------------------------------------------------- 22 

5. Vancouver, VV ash ---------------------------------------------------------------- 23 

6. Kelley Point, Oreg --------------------------------------------------------------- 24 

7. Daily water temperatures of Willamette River at Portland, Oreg. (Morrison Bridge), 

August 1941 to July 1942 ------------------------------------------------------------ 25 

8. Daily water temperatures of Willamette River at Portland, Oreg. (U.S. Army Corps 

of Engineers moorings), August 1941 to July 1942 ------------------------------------ 26 

9-14. Daily water temperatures of Columbia River, August 1941 to July 1942, at--

9. VVillow-Bar, Wash -------------------------------------------------------------- 27 

10. St. Helens, Oreg ---------------------------------------------------------------- 28 

11. Kalama, VVash ------------------------------------------------------------------ 29 

12. Longview, VV ash ----------------------------------------------------------------- 30 

13. Stella, VVash ------------------------------------------------------------------- 31 

14. Eagle Cliff, Wash --------------------------------------------------------------- 32 

III 
Table 15. 

16. 

17. 

18. 

19. 

20. 

21. 

Page 

Daily water temperatures of Columbia River at Wauna, Oreg., November 1940 to 

August 1942 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 

Daily water temperatures of Columbia River at Cathlamet, Wash., September 1940 to 

July 1942 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 

Daily water temperatures of Columbia River at Skamokawa, Wash., November 1940 

to July 1942 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 37 

Daily water temperatures of Columbia River at Altoona, Wash., September 1940 to 

June 1942 ----------------------------------------------------------- ______________ 39 

Daily water temperatures of Columbia River at Astoria (Tongue Point), Oreg., 

November 1940 to June 1942 __ ______ _____________ _______________ _____________________ 41 

Daily water temperatures of Columbia River at Fort Stevens, Oreg., August 1941 tc 

January 1942 and June, July 1942 ---------------------------------------------------- 43 

Monthly maximum, minimum, and mean water temperatures of Columbia River at 

Bonneville Dam forebay ------------------------------------------------------------ 44 

IV 
WATER TEMPERATURES IN THE LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER 

By A. M. MOORE 

Abstract 

Daily observations of water temperature for 20 sites 

in the lower Columbia River are presented in tabular 

form and in profile form by months for the period 

August 1941 to July 1942. The profiles show minimum, 

mean (average), and maximum water temperatures for 

those months from river mile 142 to river mile 6.7. The 

data indicate that water temperature in the lower river 

trends upward from October to March and has no 

marked trend, or trends downward, during April to 

September. 

Analysis of the water-temperature records at Bonneville Dam (river mile 146.1) for the 1938-66 period of 

record shows that the months from August 1941 to 

July 1942 are fairly representative of average conditions except for August and January, which are about 

3oF above and 4°F below average, respectively. 

Analysis of the Bonneville Dam records also indicates 

that in the mid-1950's a man-caused change in watertemperature regimen occuned that resulted in higher 

temperatures at Bonneville Dam for 10 months of the 

year but no change in March and April. The changes 

for the other months ranged from +0.5° to +2.0°F. 

This means that average temperatures for the lower 

river are now somewhat warmer for most months than 

temperatures shown in the profiles. 

INTRODUCTION 

GENERAL BACKGROUND 

Water temperatures in the Columbia River 

are becoming a matter of increasing interest 

and concern for several reasons. Water-quality 

standards are being drafted by the various 

States in the Columbia River basin, and a 

knowledge of water-temperature regimen 

throughout the basin is necessary in considering this phase of water quality. Furthermore, 

increasing use of the river by industry for 

cooling purposes can affect the water-temperature regimen as can the many reservoirs that 

have been or are being constructed. Proposed 

nuclear powerplants can affect water temperatures if river water is used as the coolant. Admittedly, a plant with a capacity of a million 

kilowatts will raise the temperature of the 

Columbia River by only a fraction of 1 oF but 

1 

several plants could have a significant cumulative effect. 

Water-temperature records have he~n collected at hundreds of sites throughout the basin 

but very few in the tidal reach of th~ river 

below Bonneville Dam. In July 1966, the Northwest Water Resources Data Center began releasing weekly and monthly profiles of maximum and minimum water temperature for the 

main-stem Columbia and Snake Rivers to supply current information on water temperature. 

The Columbia River profile includes irformation for one site below Bonneville Dam, namely 

Beaver Army Terminal at river mile 53.5. The 

Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, has in their 

files daily observations of water temp?.rature 

at 18 sites in the main-stem Columbia Rjver below Bonneville Dam and at two sites in the 

extreme lower Willamette River. The-"'8 records, collected jointly by the Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 

cover a period of a year or more in th~ early 

1940's. 

PURPOSE AND SCOPE 

Water-temperature records collected at 20 

sites in the lower Columbia River basin (fig. 1) 

by the Corps of Engineers and the Coast and 

Geodetic Survey are presented in both tabular 

and profile form. The profiles show C

1

ata by 

months for the period August 1941 to Jul~r 1942. 

The report includes an analysis of the watertemperature records at Bonneville Dam for the 

period 1938-66 to determine the relationship 

of the profiles for 1941-42 to average corditions 

and whether there has been any change in 

temperature regimen in the lower river since 

1942. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

The courtesy and cooperation of the Corps 

of Engineers and the Coast and Geodetic Survey in making these records availal~le are 

gratefully acknowledged. 
WASHINGTON 

OREGON 

.A Water-temperature observation site 

Figure 1.-Map showing study area and sites for which 

water temperatures are reported. 

DAILY WATER TEMPERATURES FOR 20 SITES 

Tables 1-20 list daily water temperatures for 

18 sites in the main-stem Columbia River below 

Bonneville Dam and two sites in the lower Willamette River. All readings were made once 

daily with a hand thermometer, and no readings were made on some days (generally Sunday readings were omitted). The lack of readings on some days detracts only slightly from 

the utility of the records as there is little diurnal fluctuation of water temperature in the 

lower reaches of these rivers. Furthermore, the 

fluctuation that does occur is compensated for, 

as far as monthly means and extremes are 

concerned, because at most sites some readings 

were made in the morning and some in the 

afternoon. At some sites, observations were 

made using a centigrade (Celsius) thermometer but for this report were converted to the 

Fahrenheit scale. Some observations were recorded to tenths or halves of degrees but in 

all instances were rounded to the nearest degree. 

2 

MONTHLY PROFILES OF WATER TEMPERATURE 

FOR AUGUST 1941 TO JULY 1942 

Profiles of monthly minimum, rr~an, and maximum water temperatures for the period August 1941 to July 1942 are shown in figures 

2-7. 

EXPLANATION OF PROFILES 

The profiles extend from Warrendale at river 

mile 142 to Fort Stevens at river mile 6.7. 

The monthly means and extre1nes of water 

temperature used in the profiles are shown at 

the bottom of tables 1-20. The 1941-42 period 

was selected because it covers J 2 consecutive 

months for which data were available for each 

month at most of the sites. 

The profiles generally were drawn as straight 

lines averaging the various points rather than 

as wavy lines passing through each point; the 

data are not complete or exact enough to define 

small variations between adjacent sites meaningfully. Data for a few sites may be affected 

by flow from a tributary that has not thoroughly mixed with the main-stein ·water. For 
WASHINGTON 

OREGON 

Figure !.-Continued. 

example, observations at Kelley Point, Oreg., 

are considerably higher than those upstream 

at Vancouver and those slightly downstream 

at Willow-Bar on the Washington side for 

the months of January to July 1942 and are 

3 

slightly higher in 1 or 2 other months. Water 

from the Willamette River probably affected 

those readings. Willamette River water temperatures are shown on all the profiler. Note 

how closely the Kelley Point observations agree 
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Rl ;t Rl .!!! Rl Q) ·- tii «i 1: RJ+' Rl .s 1: t: ~ ~ > ~~ 0 U5 Rl ~J ~ 0 0 jjj ~ ...I w (/) < 1- u... 

Figure 6.-Minimum, mean, and maximum water-temperature profile for lower Columbia River, April and May 1942. 

Asterisk indicates minimum, mean, and maximum water temperatures at Corps of Engineers moorings. 

14 

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SITE 

Warrendale, Oreg. 

Prindle, Wash. 

Washougal, Wash. 

Ellsworth, Wash. 

Vancouver, Wash. 

Kelley Point,Oreg. 

Willow-Bar, Wash. 

St. Helens, Oreg. 

Kalama, Wash. 

Longview, Wash. 

Stella, Wash. 

Eagle Cliff, Wash. 

Wauna, Oreg. 

Cathlamet, Wash. 

Skamokawa, Wash. 

Altoona, Wash. 

Tongue Point,Oreg. 

Fort Stevens,Oreg. 

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WATER TEMPERATURE. IN DEGREES FAHRENHEIT 

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TRIBUTARY 

,....,. Willamette River -

t-Lewis River 

-

t-Kalama River 

t-Cowlitz River 

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WATER TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES CENTIGRADE 

~ 

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0 
with Willamette River temperatures, especially 

during the winter months when Willamette 

River flows are high and Columbia River flows 

are low. For this reason the observations at 

Kelley Point were given no weight in drawing 

the profiles for most months. 

INTERPRETATION OF PROFILES 

The profiles indicate an upward trend in a 

downstream direction for October through 

March, and no pronounced trend or an upward 

trend during April through September. Meager 

data for the Fort Stevens site during the 12-

month period seem to indicate a rise in temperature in the last 15 miles above the mouth 

during winter and spring. Observations at 

that site may not represent true river-water 

temperatures because at high tide during the 

fall and winter, when the Columbia River is 

low, there probably is thorough mixing of 

fresh water with sea water which, at that time 

of the year, is ·warmer than the fresh water. 

Another possibility is that the observations at 

Fort Stevens were probably made in the smallboat basin where some water may remain for 

long periods before being flushed out, thereby 

providing a longer time for warming. 

Questions that present themselves are: (1) 

How do these profiles compare with average 

conditions, and (2) are they representative of 

present conditions-that is, has there been a 

change in water-temperature regimen since 

1942? 

Comparison With Average Conditions 

Because of the scarcity of long-term watertemperature data in the lower Columbia River, 

those obtained at Bonneville Dam, shown in 

table 21, provide the best available means of 

comparing the 1941-42 data with average conditions. However, to make the comparison 

more meaningful, average maximum and minimum monthly temperatures rather than absolute maximum and minimum temperatures are 

used for 1938-56. The reason for using records for 1938-56 rather than 1938-66 is that 

there appears to have been a change in the 

water-temperature regimen about 1956. The 

data presented in figure 8 show that August 

1941 was about 3°F above average and January 

1942 was 4 oF below average but the other 

months are within about 1 oF of average conditions. Therefore, assuming that water-temperature variations at Bonneville Dam are representative of those existing in the lower river, 

the profiles shown for the lower river are closely 

representative of average conditions for the 

period 1938-56 except for August 1941 and 

January 1942. 

Comparison With Present Conditi'i'ns 

Because there are no longtime records at 

any of the sites used in the 1941-42 profiles, 

Bonneville Dam records also must be used to 

determine whether there has been any change 

in regimen since 1942. Figure 9 s]'<JWS monthly 

mean water temperatures plotted against time 

for the 12 months of the year. Py inspection 

there appears to be an upward shift in water 

temperature after 1956 in all rronths except 

March and April, for which no shift is evident. 

The shift ranges from about 0.5 oF in September 

to about 2°F in winter. The pc~sibility that 

these shifts might be caused by natural phenomena such as a change in meteorologic conditions or deviations from average rates of 

flow was considered. To investigate these possibilities, water temperature was correlated 

with both air temperature and rate of flow. 

There is a close correlation of nonthly mean 

water temperature ·with monthly mean air 

temperature not only because air temperature 

affects water temperature but, more importantly, because both are affected by solar radiation. The correlation of water temperature 

with rate of flow is not so close, and for many 

months of the year the variatior in flow was 

so small that no correlation was found. 

10 

Although the multiple correlations were performed for each month of the year, only those 

for July and April (figs. 10 and 11) are shown 

here to illustrate methods used. 

Air temperatures used were tl'a. average of 

the monthly mean air temperatures at Wenatchee, Kennewick, Lewiston-Clr.rkston, and 

Bonneville. On figure lOA the points representing July in the years 1938-56 are shown as 

circles, and those for 1957-66 are shown as triangles to provide easy visual identification of 

the data for each period. The fact that the 

points for 1957-66 define a curve about 1 oF to 

the right of the curve for 1938-56 indicates 

that the shift in mean water terrperature was 

not caused by a change in meteorologic conditions. This still did not preclude the possibility 
75 

70 

65 

1- 60 

u:; 

I 

z 

LLJ 

0:: 

I 

c( 

IL. 

(/) 

LLJ 

LLJ 55 0:: 

t!) 

LLJ 

c 

~ 

u.i 

0:: 

:::1 

1-

~ 50 I.IJ 

a.. 

~ 

LLJ 

1-

0:: 

LLJ 

1-

~ 45 

40 

35 

30 

-

~ 

'---

f---

rf---

'---

ftT'"""" 

:.: 

:· 

:· 

:.;....;..:.. 

=·· .. f--

~ s ::· 

f-- :{ 

:: 

±-; .. 

=·:-

> f-- ::·=i:: 

2 

li: 

LLJ 

(/) 

,____ 

r--

1-

u 

0 

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!--'-

.L 

" 

• : 

:}·:: r--2 

> 

0 

z 

I I I I I 

EXPLANATION 1.0 N LO -.t I I 00 

('t) ;; ~ en 

Max .... 

Mean~ Min 

Bar graph for water years 

1938-56 depicts for each 

month of the year average 

maximum, average minimum, 

and mean monthly water 

temperature 

Bar graph for period August 

1941 to July 1942 depicts 

maximum, minimum, and 

mean water temperature for 

each month of that period 

t---;-

D 

{: ~ ::,:: 

:. 

,___ 

'---L 

u 

LLJ 

c 

-

r--

1--

z 

c( 

""\ 

r--

·::., 

r--r:; 

1::: [ 

r-L 

[0 

LLJ 

IL. 

r--

---

:.·. 

::.,: 

0:: 

c( 

~ 

...._ 

0:: 

a.. 

c( 

·::: f--

1----

~ 

1-

f.--

LLJ 

z 

:::1 

• 

-

f.--.-.:::::~ 

1--

ii 

1-- -

-

-

-

-

-

Figure 8.-Comparison of monthly water temperatures for 1941-42 

with those for 1938-56 at Bonneville Dam. 

11 
1-

i:ij 

I 

65 

60 

55 

50 

55 

50 

45 

50 

t5 45 a:: 

I 

<( 

LL. 

~ 40 LLI 

a:: 

(.!) 

LLI 

c 35 

z 

-. 45 LLI 

a:: 

::> 

1-

<( 

ffi 40 a. 

::E 

LLI 

1-

ffi 35 

1-

<( 

3: 

30 

45 

40 

35 

30 

50 

45 

40 

r-

• 

• • 1--

- • 

•• 

1--

• • 

r-

• 

f- • 

• -

- • 

-

• f- • 

1940 

I 

October 

• • • • • 4 . . - • • ... • • • • • • • • • -

• 

I I L 

I I 

November • • • • • • • • • •• • - • •• • • • •• • 

I I 

I I I 

December 

• • • • -

• • • • •• • • • • • •• • -

I I I 

I I I 

January • • • • • • • • • •• •• • 

• • • • • • -

• 4 

I I 

• I I 

February • • • ~ 

• ••• • •• -

• 

• -

• • 

I I I 

I 

March 

• • • • • -

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • I • 

1950 1960 

55 

50 

45 

40 

60 

55 

50 

65 

60 

55 

50 

70 

65 

60 

55 

75 

70 

65 

60 

70 

65 

60 

-

-

frr-

-

-

-

-

1--

• 4 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• • 

• • • 

• 4 

• • 

1940 

April 

• • •• • •• • • 

I 

I 

May 

• • • 

• • • •• I 

June 

•• • 

• • • • 4 

_l 

July 

•• • • • • • 

• 

• 

I 

I 

August 

• • • • 4 

• • • • 

• I 

September 

• • I 

1950 

I 

•• •• • • 

• 

I 

I 

• 

• . 

• • 

I 

• 

• • 

• •• • 

I 

I • 

• • • • 

• • 

I 

I 

• 

•• •• 

• 

• 

• • • • 

• 

I 

Figure 9.-Monthly mean water temperatures at Bonneville Dam, 1938-66. 

12 

• • • -

• ••• 

-

L 

I 

. • • -

•• 

• • I 

• • -

• • • • • -

I 

• 

•• • - • • • 

-

1 

I 

• • - •• 

• • • -

I 

• 

• • • - • • • 

1960 
288-047 0 - 68 - 3 

u.t 

0::1- :::J_ 75 1-LLJ 

c(J: 

O::z 

LLJLLJ 

a.. a:: ~J: 

LLJc( 

1-u.. 

0::(1) 

<C:!J 70 oo:: 

LLJ<!' 

f-LIJ 

:r:o 

5:2z 

LLJ-

~ 

65 

WATER 

+4 

+3 

ui 

z +2 

0 

i=t- c(- _LLJ 

Gj~ OLLJ +1 

LLJO:: 

a:: I :::Jc( 

1-u.. 0 c((/) 

O::LLJ 

LIJLLJ 

a.. a:: ~<.!' 

LLJLLJ -1 1-0 

O::z 

LLJ1- c( -2 ~ 

-3 

-4 

100 

LLJ. 

~!:: 75 t-LLJ 

c(:I: 

o::z 

LIJLLJ 

a.. a:: ~I 

LLJc( 

1-U.. 

0::(/) 

<C:!j 

0 0:: 70 LLJ<!' 

1-LLJ 

:r:O 

~~ ~ 

55 60 65 70 

TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES FAHRENHEIT, AT BONNEVILLE DAM 

B EXPLANATION 

• 57 • 

e40 •63 1938-56 

• 1957-66 

e47 

55 

Calendar year 

e52 

e44 

&6~.46 e53 e55 

e39 ,PO 6 

~8 e54 

e42 51 

.65 

e49 

e48 

Approx1mat1on 1 

150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 

FLOW OF. COLUMBIA RIVER AT THE DALLES, OREGON, 

IN THOUSANDS OF CUBIC FEET PER SECOND 

c 

e49 

65~--~~----~~~~----~----~----~----~----~ 

65 

WATER TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES FAHRENHEIT, AT BONNEVILLE DAM 

Figure 10.--Correlation of water temperature at Bonneville Dam 

with air temperature and rate of flow (July). 

13 
45 50 55 

WATER TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES FAHRENHEIT, AT BONNEVILLE DAM 

u; 

z +1 0 

i=f-

~w 

>I Wz 

Cw 

IJ.Ja:: 

a:: I 

~~ <en O::IJ.J 

IJ.JIJ.J 

a.. a:: :::!!:<!' 

IJ.J IJ.J -2 f--0 

a::z 

IJ.Jf-<( 

~ -3 

-4 

e44 e55 

e49 

• 1939-56 

• 1957-66 

40 

Calendar year 

Approximation l 

FLOW OF COLUMBIA RIVER AT THE DALLES. OREGON, 

IN THOUSANDS OF CUBIC FEET PER SECOND 

w· 

a::f-

:::J- f-IJ.J 

<(::C 

a::z 

IJ.JIJ.J 

a.. a:: ::!!:I 

IJ.J<( 

f-LI.. 

a:: en -IJ.J <Cw 

ca:: 

we.!' 

f-IJ.J 

:cO 

~z w-

~ 

~·~0----~---L~----~----~----~--~55 

WATER TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES FAHRENHEIT, AT BONNEVILLE DAM 

Figure 11.-Correlation of water temperature at Bonneville Dam 

with air temperature and 1·ate of flow (April). 

14 
that rate of flow was causing the shift. Therefore, in figure lOB, flow was introduced as a 

second parameter by using the accepted graphic 

method of multiple correlation (Ezekiel and 

Fox, 1959, p. 254-277). Figure lOG indicates 

that, after taking both air temperature and 

flow into account, the points for 1957-66 still 

define a curve about 1 oF to the right of that 

for 1938-56. This means that the 1 oF upward 

shift in mean temperature shown by the July 

plot on figure 9 is not caused by a change in 

meteorologic conditions nor a change in the flow 

regimen and, therefore, represents a mancaused change in water-temperature regimen. 

In figure lOG, the final plotting of points for 

1952-56 might be taken to indicate that the 

shift in water temperature occurred as early as 

1952. If the graphical correlation in figure 10 

had been accomplished, assuming that the shift 

did occur in 1952, probably a shift of about 

+ 1.5°F would have been found rather than 

+ 1 °F. However, many of the multiple correlations for other months and the plotting in figure 

9 for all the months of the year seem to indicate 

that the shift in temperature regimen occurred 

after 1956. 

Figure 11 is similar to figure 10 but is for the 

month of April. The plot for April in figure 9 

shows no change in water-temperature regimen. The graphical correlation in figure 11 

checks figure 9 in this regard and further shows 

that meteorologic conditions and rate of flow 

were not masking a man-caused change in 

water temperature. 

Results obtained from the graphical multiple 

correlations can be summarized as follows : 

1. Shifts in water-temperature regimen, as 

shown by months in figure 9, are closely 

checked by the correlations. 

2. These shifts, occurring in the middle 1950's 

probably are man caused, as the correlations indicate that they are not the result of changes in 

meteorologic conditions or flow regimen. 

3. April through July were the only months 

where monthly flows varied enough from year 

to year to significantly affect the correlation between water and air temperatures. 

15 

CONCLUSIONS 

First, the monthly profiles of water temperature for August 1941 to July 1942 indicate that, 

during the fall and winter, water temr~rature 

of the Columbia River below Bonneville Dam 

trends upward in a downstream direction but 

during the spring and summer there is no pronounced trend or a downward trend. This 

regimen is probably attributable to the fact 

that above Bonneville Dam the Columbia River 

is exposed to a continental climate w~th cold 

winters and hot summers and that th~ lower 

river is exposed to a marine climate with moderate winters and summers. 

Second, the profiles probably represent conditions that are within about 1 oF of average 

for the period 1938-56 except those profiles for 

August 1941 and January 1942, which may be 

about 3°F higher and 4°F lower, resp(lctively, 

than their 1938-56 averages. 

Third, in the middle 1950's a change in 

water-temperature regimen occurred wl'ich apparently was man caused. The change resulted 

in an increase in water temperature at Bonneville Dam for all months except March and 

April, which were unchanged. The change was 

greatest, 1.5° to 2°F, during October through 

February. During the critically warm months 

of July to September the increase was only 

about 1 °F. It is understood that dur!ng the 

period 1954-61 operations of the Eanford 

Atomic Energy Plant at Richland, Was}~., were 

increased considerably. This probably is the 

major cause of the change in water-tfmperature regimen at Bonneville Dam. However, 

concurrently with increased Hanford operations, interagency arrangements were n.ade to 

provide for releases of cooler water from Lake 

Roosevelt to offset, at least in part, the warming 

effect of the atomic plant. Also, beginning with 

the 1959 water year, releases from thE. newly 

constructed Brownlee Reservoir supplied a 

cooling effect during summer, which amounted 

to as much as 2°F at Clarkston, Wash., 145 

miles downstream (Moore, 1967, p. 36). Both 

Brownlee Reservoir and Lake Roosevelt supply 

a warming effect in fall and winter and a cooling effect in spring and summer. Lake Roose-
velt had supplied this effect throughout practically the entire period of water-temperature 

record at Bonneville Dam, but in the middle 

1950's the cooling effect was intentionally increased as explained above. Therefore, the Hanford operations are believed to be the principal 

cause of the increase in water temperature at 

Bonneville Dam, but the temperature of releases from Lake Roosevelt and Brownlee 

Reservoir probably explain why the increase is 

only about 1 °F in summer and is about 2°F in 

fall and winter. Construction of some "run-ofriver" reservoirs such as those above The 

Dalles and McNary Dams also may have had 

some effect on the temperature regimen, but 

this is believed to be relatively minor. 

Fourth, the change in water-temperature 

regimen occurring in the middle 1950's at 

Bonneville Dam undoubtedly extends to the 

lower river, but probably the magnitude of the 

change diminishes in a downstream direction. 

The changes at Bonneville Dam, therefore, as 

shown in figure 9, cannot be used directly in 

determining how the 1941-42 prC'files of water 

temperature compare with the 19f7-66 monthly 

averages at Bonneville Dam. However, as far 

as the critical summer months are concerned, 

the July 1942 and September 1941 profiles 

probably are within about 1 oF of the 1957-66 

averages, and the profile for August 1941 

should be somewhat less than 3°F above the 

1957-66 average. 

REFERENCES 

Ezekiel, Mordecai, and Fox, Karl A., 1959, Methods of 

correlation and regression analysis: New York, John 

Wiley & Sons, 548 p. 

16 

Moore, A. M., 1967, Correlation and aralysis of watertemperature data for Oregon streams: U.S. Geol. 

Survey Water-Supply Paper 1819-K, 53 p. 
TABLES 1-21 

I-" 

1..(, 

Da:\ 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

Avg 

Max 

Min 

Table 1.--Daily water temperatures of Columbia River at Warrendale, Oreg., August 1941 to July 1942 

[Once-daily observations--mixed morning and afternoon readings at river mile 142] 

August ~eptember Ortober November Der·ember January February March April May June July 

§7 62 54 38 38 40 47 49 58 64 

66 62 -- 35 38 40 48 so 58 64 

-- 60 53 33 38 40 49 so 58 64 

66 60 53 32 38 40 so so 58 67 

66 I 60 53 32 40 40 50 52 58 67 

65 58 52 32 39 41 so 53 59 66 

65 58 52 -- 40 42 51 54 58 66 

65 58 52 32 40 42 52 54 60 66 

65 58 52 32 41 43 52 54 59 66 

66 58 52 32 41 43 52 54 59 66 

69 -- 57 52 32 41 43 -- 54 58 65 

70 64 57 51 32 41 44 53 55 59 64 

70 64 57 so 32 42 44 52 54 60 64 

72 64 57 so 32 41 45 52 55 59 64 

70 63 57 so 32 41 -- 52 54 59 64 

70 63 57 so 32 41 45 52 54 58 64 

72 63 57 so 32 40 44 51 54 58 64 

74 62 56 so 32 40 44 51 55 58 65 

74 62 56 48 33 40 44 52 56 58 66 

74 62 56 48 34 40 44 52 56 59 66 

73 62 56 46 34 40 44 52 -- 60 68 

72 62 56 46 34 39 44 52 57 60 68 

72 62 56 46 33 39 44 52 58 60 69 

72 62 56 44 34 38 44 53 58 60 69 

70 62 56 46 36 39 44 52 58 60 69 

70 62 56 44 36 38 45 52 58 60 69 

69 63 S5 44 36 40 45 51 57 60 -- 68 63 56 44 36 40 46 so 56 60 70 

68 63 54 44 37 -- 46 50 56 60 69 

68 62 54 43 37 ------ 46 50 56 63 69 

68 ------ 54 ------ 37 ------ 46 ------ 56 ------ 69 

71 64 57 49 34 40 43 51 55 59 66 

74 67 62 54 38 42 46 53 58 63 7·0 

68 62 54 43 32 38 40 47 49 58 64 ----
1\) 

0 

Day 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

Avg 

Max 

Min 

Table 2.--Daily water temperatures of Columbia River at Prindle, Wash., August 1941 to July 1942 

[Once-daily observations--mixed morning and afternoon readings at river mile 134.5] 

August September October November December January February March April May June July 

66 62 54 46 36 39 41 48 so 57 64 

66 61 52 -- -- -- 40 -- 51 57 66 

66 60 54 45 34 38 42 so -- 58 66 

66 60 53 46 38 40 so so 59 66 

66 59 54 46 -- 42 so -- -- 66 

65 58 55 46 40 41 so 54 59 65 

65 58 -- 46 Q) () 40 44 51 52 60 -- 66 58 52 45 ·r-i 40 44 52 54 60 66 

64 -- 53 44 '\j 41 43 52 54 59 65 ~ 

-- 58 52 44 ct! 41 44 -- 54 58 65 

70 65 57 52 44 ~ 41 44 52 54 58 65 

70 64 58 52 44 ~ 

VI 42 44 52 55 60 -- 69 64 58 -- -- tH 42 44 52 55 60 65 

72 63 56 so -- 0 42 -- 52 56 60 65 

69 62 58 so -- Q) 

VI 41 45 53 55 58 64 

71 62 -- so 44 ~ 41 45 52 55 59 64 

70 62 58 so 43 () Q) -- 44 52 -- 58 64 

72 61 57 49 41 ,.0 -- 44 53 56 -- 63 

74 60 56 so 44 Q) 

~ 40 44 52 56 59 65 

72 61 56 -- 44 ~ 40 46 54 58 60 65 

72 62 57 47 44 VI 

VI 40 45 53 -- 60 68 

70 63 57 45 -- Q) 

() 40 45 52 57 61 68 

72 61 56 45 44 u 39 44 53 56 60 69 ct! 

70 62 -- 46 44 s:: -- -- 53 58 60 70 ·r-i 

70 64 56 46 -- s:: 39 44 52 58 60 70 

70 -- 56 46 -- -~ 40 -- 52 57 -- -- 68 62 56 44 -- +J 38 47 -- 57 59 68 ct! 

69 63 -- 41 -- +J 

Cl) 41 47 so 58 60 68 

68 64 54 -- -- -- 46 so 56 62 68 

68 62 54 46 39 ------ 48 -- 56 63 68 

67 ------ 53 --.---- -- ------ -- ------ 56 ------ 68 

70 63 57 49 44 40 44 52 55 59 66 

74 66 62 55 46 42 48 I 54 58 63 70 

67 60 53 41 39 38 40 48 50 57 63 ~-
"' "' "' 

0 '

... ..., 

0 

"' "' 

1\) 

1-' 

Day_ 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29' 

30 

31 

Avg 

Max 

Min 

Table 3.--Daily water temperatures of Columbia River at Washougal, Wash., August 1941 to July 1942 

[Once-daily observations--8 to 10 a.m. at river mile 121.6] 

August September October November December January February March April May June July 

66 62 52 46 33 39 39 48 49 56 63 

66 61 52 48 33 39 44 47 49 57 64 

65 61 53 45 34 39 40 48 so 57 65 

66 60 52 45 32 39 40 49 51 57 65 

66 59 54 46 31 39 44 49 so 58 66 

65 59 53 46 31 39 42 so 52 59 66 

64 58 51 46 31 39 38 so 52 59 65 

65 57 51 45 31 39 43 so 53 60 65 

65 58 51 43 -- 39 46 so 54 60 66 

64 57 51 42 -- 39 44 51 53 59 66 

70 63 57 51 43 -- 41 45 52 53 58 65 

70 64 56 52 42 -- 40 42 51 54 57 64 

71 64 56 52 42 31 38 44 52 53 58 64 

70 64 55 51 42 32 40 43 51 53 59 64 

70 62 55 so 43 32 40 43 52 55 59 64 

69 63 55 49 43 32 40 44 52 55 59 64 

70 63 56 48 43 32 40 46 so 54 59 64 

71 62 56 48 43 32 40 44 52 55 58 63 

73 60 56 48 44 32 40 44 51 56 58 65 

73 60 55 46 44 32 39 43 52 56 58 65 

72 60 55 44 44 32 39 45 52 58 57 ·66 

72 61 54 44 4·~ 32 39 45 51 58 59 67 

72 62 55 44 44 32 39 45 53 57 59 67 

70 62 55 42 43 33 39 44 53 57 60 68 

70 62 56 46 43 37 40 44 52 58 60 68 

69 62 55 44 41 38 39 44 51 57 60 67 

68 61 55 44 41 35 39 45 so 57 59 69 

68 62 55 44 40 37 39 45 so 57 59 69 

67 62 53 44 39 36 -- 46 49 56 60 69 

69 62 53 45 38 36 ------ 46 so 56 62 68 

67 ------ 52 ------ 37 36 ------ 48 ------ 55 ------ 69 

70 63 56 47 43 33 39 44 51 54 59 66 

73 66 62 54 48 38 41 48 53 58 62 69 

67 60 52 42 37 31 38 38 47 49 56 63 
[\) 

[\) 

Day 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

Avg 

Ma~ 

Min 

'Table 4. --Daily water tem:peratures of Columbia River at Ellsworth, Wash., August 1941 to July 1)142 

[Once-daily observations--mixed morning and afternoon readings at river mile 112.3] 

August Se:ptember October November December January February March A:pril May June July 

-- 62 53 46 37 40 -- 49 so 56 63 

65 -- -- 46 36 41 41 48 so -- 64 

65 60 53 46 36 40 41 49 so 57 -- 65 -- -- 46 37 40 41 so 51 -- 66 

65 -- 53 46 32 40 41 -- 51 58 -- 65 -- 53 48 32 40 -- 51 52 59 66 

-- 58 52 -- 32 -- 41 51 53 -- 65 

65 58 52 -- 32 -- -- 51 54 60 65 

65 I 

58 -- 46 32 41 44 51 54 60 66 

-- 58 52 -- 32 42 -- 52 -- 59 66 

-- -- -- 44 -- 42 44 52 54 59 65 

70 64 -- 52 -- 32 42 44 -- 54 59 65 

70 64 58 52 43 33 42 -- 52 -- -- 65 

70 -- -- 51 -- 33 42 43 52 55 -- 64 

71 63 -- 51 44 33 -- -- 52 55 59 64 

70 63 -- -- 44 33 42 46 52 55 -- -- -- 63 -- so 44 -- 42 -- 52 -- 59 64 

71 -- -- 49 -- -- 40 -- 52 55 58 -- 72 -- -- -- 47 -- 39 -- -- 56 57 -- 73 -- 55 -- -- 36 40 44 52 -- -- 65 

72 -- 55 47 -- 36 -- 43 53 -- -- 66 

72 62 57 46 44 35 -- -- 52 56 58 67 

72 -- 56 -- 44 35 40 45 53 -- 59 67 

-- -- -- 46 44 35 40 45 53 58 60 68 

70 -- -- 46 -- -- 40 44 53 58 60 68 

69 62 -- 45 43 36 40 45 -- 58 60 -- 69 -- 55 45 41 38 40 46 -- 57 59 68 

68 -- 55 44 -- 38 -- 46 52 58 59 69 

68 -- 55 45 40 38 -- -- 51 -- -- 69 

-- 62 -- -- 40 38 ------ 48 so 58 60 69 

-- ------ 53 ------ 39 38 ------ -- ------ -- ------ 69 

70 64 57 49 44 35 41 44 51 54 59 66 

73 55 6?. 53 48 1 :;;~ 42 4R 53 58 60 69 

68 62 53 44 39 ---- 32 39 41 48 50 56 63 --- -- ----
[\_) 

w 

Day 

~1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

Avg 

Max 

Min 

Augw=t 

71 

72 

72 

--

--

--

73 

74 

74 

74 

74 

--

72 

--

--

69 

69 

--

--

68 

72 

74 

e8 

Table 5.--Daily water temperatures of Columbia River at Vancouver, Wash., August 1941 to July 1942 

[Once-daily observations--mostly afternoon readings at river mile 106.5] 

September October November December January February March April May June July 

-- 62 -- -- -- 38 40 48 so 58 -- 67 -- 54 -- 37 -- -- 49 -- 58 -- -- -- 54 46 -- 38 41 49 -- -- -- 66 61 54 46 36 -- -- -- 51 58 -- -- 60 -- 46 -- 39 41 so -- -- 67 

-- 60 54 -- 32 -- 41 -- -- 59 -- -- -- -- -- -- 41 42 51 54 -- -- 66 -- -- 46 -- -- -- 51 54 58 -- 66 -- 52 46 -- 42 42 -- 54 -- 67 

65 58 52 -- 33 -- -- 52 -- 58 -- -- 58 52 44 33 -- 45 52 54 58 -- 65 -- 52 -- 33 -- 44 -- 55 58 66 

-- 57 -- -- 33 42 -- 53 56 58 -- -- 58 -- -- 33 -- -- 54 56 -- 65 

63 -- -- 44 33 42 -- -- -- -- 65 

64 -- so 44 34 -- 46 53 -- 58 65 

-- 58 -- 44 34 -- 44 52 56 -- 65 

-- -- so 44 34 41 -- 52 -- 58 -- -- -- so -- -- 41 45 -- -- -- -- 63 58 -- -- 36 40 -- 52 55 -- 67 

-- 58 -- 44 36 40 45 -- -- 59 67 

63 57 -- 44 -- -- -- 53 56 -- 63 57 46 -- 36 40 -- -- -- 59 

-- 57 46 45 36 40 45 53 58 59 

64 -- -- -- -- 40 45 53 58 59 

63 -- -- 42 37 40 45 -- -- -- -- 56 -- 41 -- -- 46 52 58 59 

63 -- -- 42 39 40 -- 52 58 -- -- -- -- 42 39 -- -- -- 58 60 

63 -- -- 40 38 ------ 46 so 58 60 

------ -- ------ 39 38 ------ 48 ------ 58 ------ 64 58 51 44 35 40 44 51 56 59 66 

67 62 54 46 39 42 48 54 58 60 67 

63 56 46 39 32 38 40 48 so 58 65 
I\) 

+ 

Day 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

Av~ 

Max 

Min 

Table 6.--Daily water temperatures of Columbia River at Kelley Point, Oreg., August 1941 to July 1942 

[Once-daily observations--mixed morning and afternoon reauings at river mile 101.8] 

August September October November December January February March April May June July 

66 62 54 47 36 -- -- 50 50 59 72 

68 62 -- 48 34 45 47 52 54 60 71 

68 62 55 48 39 47 47 54 -- 60 72 

66 60 54 48 -- 47 46 53 54 61 71 

66 -- 55 47 34 46 49 -- 57 63 -- 65 59 56 46 35 44 50 53 60 62 68 

-- 60 56 -- 34 46 47 54 58 -- 68 

66 60 55 45 36 -- -- 51 56 60 69 

66 59 -- 44 36 46 49 55 56 60 70 

64 61 55 45 36 46 49 54 -- 60 69 

70 63 59 54 44 -- 47 48 56 56 60 68 

70 64 -- 54 43 38 46 48 -- 55 61 -- 70 63 57 54 44 40 46 48 53 54 62 68 

70 -- 55 52 -- 38 45 44 S8 57 -- 68 

70 64 58 53 46 39 -- -- 54 58 60 66 

70 64 57 -- 46 39 45 50 54 54 60 66 

-- 64 58 50 48 40 45 48 54 -- 60 66 

71 62 56 48 49 -- 46 49 56 58 60 67 

72 62 -- 48 48 38 46 48 -- 56 60 -- 73 62 58 48 46 43 44 50 58 59 61 69 

71 -- 59 45 -- 44 44 51 57 58 -- 71 

73 64 58 45 48 42 -- -- 57 58 62 71 

72 64 58 -- 46 40 44 49 55 58 62 71 

71 62 58 46 46 40 44 48 57 -- 62 71 

-- 62 58 47 -- -- 45 48 54 60 62 70 

69 62 -- 45 42 44 44 49 -- 60 62 -- 69 62 58 46 41 44 44 47 52 59 62 71 

68 -- 56 46 -- 43 46 49 53 58 -- 69 

68 62 53 47 42 43 -- -- 54 58 66 70 

68 62 55 -- 39 45 ------ 54 52 58 67 70 

-- ------ 54 ------ 38 -- ------ 54 ------ -- ------ -- 70 64 58 51 45 39 45 49 54 57 61 69 

73 68 62 56 49 45 47 54 58 60 67 72 

68 62 53 45 38 34 44 44 so so 59 66 ----·-
[\) 

\Jl 

Table 7.--Daily water temperatures of Willamette River at Portland, Oreg. (Morrison Bridge), August 1941 to July 1942 

[Once-daily observations--mixed morning and afternoon read1ngs at river mile 12.8] 

Day August September 0 ~tober November December January February March April May June July 

1 71 62 54 44 38 -- -- 51 52 57 65 

2 70 62 -- 46 36 44 45 52 52 -- 66 

3 69 62 54 48 37 45 45 53 51 58 70 

4 68 62 53 49 -- 46 46 -- 51 60 72 

5 68 -- 54 48 34 46 47 -- -- -- 73 

6 68 60 54 48 34 46 46 53 52 60 74 

7 -- 60 54 -- 34 45 48 53 54 60 -- 8 65 60 54 47 35 -- -- 52 56 61 75 

9 65 58 -- 46 35 45 47 55 56 61 75 

10 68 59 53 45 38 46 47 55 -- -- 75 

11 66 58 53 44 -- 46 48 55 56 60 73 

12 77 66 -- 53 44 39 47 48 -- -- 59 71 

13 74 65 56 53 44 40 46 47 55 55 60 72 

14 74 -- 56 53 -- 40 45 47 55 56 60 72 

15 75 64 56 52 44 40 -- -- 56 56 60 72 

16 75 64 58 -- 45 40 43 46 56 56 -- 70 

17 -- 64 59 48 46 40 43 45 55 56 62 69 

18 76 63 56 48 47 -- 43 46 54 57 62 69 

19 76 62 -- 48 47 40 44 46 -- -- 61 69 

20 76 63 54 46 48 41 44 48 55 58 61 70 

21 75 -- 55 46 -- 40 44 48 55 59 60 -- 22 74 62 57 45 47 40 -- -- 55 60 61 71 

23 76 61 56 -- 46 40 44 47 55 60 -- 71 

24 -- 63 57 44 46 41 43 47 56 60 62 72 

25 74 62 56 45 -- -- 43 47 55 61 62 72 

26 73 63 -- 45 44 43 44 48 55 -- 63 73 

27 74 64 55 44 42 44 44 48 54 58 63 74 

28 72 -- 55 45 -- 46 44 48 -- 57 63 -- 29 71 62 56 46 41 46 -- -- 52 56 64 74 

30 72 62 55 -- 40 45 ------ 49 -- 56 -- 74 

31 -- ------ 54 ------ 40 46 ------ 50 ------ 56 ------ 74 

Avg 74 65 57 50 45 40 45 47 54 56 61 72 

Max 77 71 62 54 49 46 47 50 56 61 64 75 

Min 71 61 54 44 40 34 43 45 51 51 57 65 
1\) 

0\ 

Table 8.--Daily water tempera~ures of Willame~te River at Portland, Oreg. (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers moorings), August 

1941 to July 1942 

[Once-daily observations--morning readings to Feb. 23, afternoon readings thereafter, at river mile 6.3] 

Day August September October November December January February March April May June July 

1 -- 61 54 45 35 -- -- 51 54 58 69 

2 70 62 -- 46 34 44 46 53 54 60 70 

3 71 62 54 46 33 44 47 54 -- 60 73 

4 70 62 54 48 -- 46 46 53 52 63 72 

5 70 -- 54 48 32 46 48 -- 56 63 -- 6 66 62 54 48 32 46 48 54 56 60 73 

7 -- 62 54 -- 32 45 48 54 57 -- 76 

8 78 66 60 54 48 32 -- -- 54 55 61 76 

9 76 66 60 -- 47 32 46 48 54 56 62 76 

10 -- 66 60 53 46 35 46 48 58 -- 63 75 

11 74 66 60 -- 46 -- 46 48 55 57 62 74 

12 73 65 -- 53 44 38 46 48 -- 58 64 -- 13 74 65 58 53 44 40 46 48 56 59 66 72 

14 74 -- 57 53 -- 40 46 48 56 58 -- 72 

15 73 65 57 52 44 40 -- -- 57 58 64 72 

16 73 65 56 -- 45 40 44 48 56 57 61 71 

17 -- 64 57 so 45 40 44 48 57 -- 62 72 

18 74 64 56 49 47 -- 42 47 57 58 64 72 

19 75 63 -- 46 47 39 42 48 -- 60 65 -- 20 74 61 56 -- 47 40 -- 49 58 60 66 76 

21 73 -- 56 46 -- 40 44 48 56 60 -- 76 

22 73 60 56 45 47 40 -- -- 55 60 66 73 

23 74 61 56 -- 46 40 44 48 56 60 66 75 

24 -- 62 56 44 46 40 44 48 -- -- 66 74 

25 73 62 56 45 -- -- 44 48 56 61 62 76 

26 73 62 -- 44 44 42 44 48 -- 62 64 -- 27 72 60 56 44 42 44 44 50 55 60 65 74 

28 72 -- 56 45 -- 44 46 so 56 59 -- 74 

29 72 62 55 46 41 44 -- -- 56 58 72 74 

30 73 62 55 -- 41 45 ------ 51 54 58 69 74 

31 -- ------ 55 ------ 40 44 ------ 52 ------ -- ------ 74 

Avg 74 65 58 50 45 38 45 48 55 58 64 73 

Max 78 71 62 54 48 45 46 52 58 62 72 76 

Min 72 60 55 44 40 32 42 46 51 52 58 69 
!\) 

-..:J 

Day 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

Avg 

Max 

Min 

Table ~.--Daily water temperatures of Columbia River at Willow-Bar, Waqh., August 1941 to July 1942 

[Once-daily observations--mostly mid-day readings a~ river mile 101.6] 

Augus~ SEfl2_tember October November December January February March April May June July 68 62 54 47 36 38 40 48 51 59 66 

66 62 54 48 35 38 42 so 52 59 68 

66 62 55 46 35 40 42 49 52 58 68 

67 60 54 46 34 40 41 52 52 60 68 

67 60 55 46 33 39 ;t2 52 _54 60 68_ 

66 60 -- 47 32 40 42 51 56 60 68 

66 59 53 47 32 40 42 51 56 60 68 

65 58 52 46 32 40 43 52 56 60 68 

65 58 53 46 32 41 44 53 55 61 69 

65 58 58 45 32 42 4_4_ 54 56 61 68 

66 58 54 44 32 42 46 54 56 60 67 

70 64 58 53 44 32 41 44 53 58 60 67 

70 64 57 53 44 32 41 45 54 57 60 68 

70 64 56 52 43 32 41 44 54 57 60 66 

70 63 57 52 44 32 41 44 54 58 60 66 

70 63 57 so 44 32 42 46 54 56 60 66 

70 63 58 so 44 34 42 46 54 57 60 66 

71 62 58 so 44 34 42 46 54 58 60 66 

72 62 57 so 45 34 42 46 54 58 60 67 

72 61 56 49 46 34 40 46 54 59 60 68 

73 61 56 48 45 35 41 45 54 60 60 69 

73 61 56 47 45 35 40 46 53 60 60 68 

73 62 56 46 44 34 40 46 54 60 62 69 

72 62 56 46 44 35 40 46 54 60 62 70 

72 62 56 46 44 36 40 46 54 60 61 69 

70 63 56 46 42 36 40 46 54 60 62 70 

70 62 57 46 40 38 40 46 52 58 61 70 

68 62 56 45 40 38 40 47 54 59 61 70 

68 63 56 45 40 37 -- 47 54 58 62 70 

68 63 54 46 40 37 ------ 48 52 58 64 70 

68 ------ 54 ------ 39 37 ------ 48 ------ 58 ------ 70 

70 64 58 so 44 34 40 45 53 57 60 68 

73 68 62 55 48 38 42 48 54 60 64 70 

68 61 54 45 39 32 3R 40 4~ Sl r;~ l __ *16 
[\) 

CP 

JJay 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

11) 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

~=:1 Min 

August 

71 

69 

70 

70 

70 

70 

69 

71 

70 

71 

70 

72 

71 

72 

72 

72 

73 

71 

71 

69 

69 

69 

69 

69 

70 

73 

69 

Table 10.--Daily water temperatures of Columbia River at St. Helens, Oreg., August 1941 to July 1942 

[Once-daily observations--mostly morning readings at river mile 85.8] 

September O,:tober November December January February March April May June July 

68 62 54 45 37 45 43 47 51 56 65 

67 61 -- 46 35 43 42 48 so 57 66 

67 62 54 44 36 42 40 48 51 58 66 

66 61 53 45 34 41 44 so 51 58 67 

66 60 55 48 33 43 42 so 51 59 67 

65 61 53 48 32 44 42 so 52 60 68 

65 58 53 46 32 44 43 51 53 60 67 

65 58 52 45 32 45 43 52 54 60 67 

65 58 52 45 32 45 45 53 54 60 69 

65 58 52 45 32 45 44 -- 55 60 69 

64 58 52 43 32 45 46 54 55 60 68 

64 -- 52 42 32 44 46 53 -- 60 66 

-- 58 52 43 35 45 44 53 -- 60 67 

64 58 52 43 38 45 45 53 53 60 66 

63 58 52 44 35 44 46 53 56 60 66 

64 57 51 44 38 42 45 54 55 59 65 

64 57 so 44 38 42 45 53 56 59 65 

62 57 48 45 36 41 44 52 56 59 65 

62 57 48 47 36 40 44 53 57 59 66 

61 55 46 46 36 41 43 55 57 59 67 

61 56 46 46 38 41 44 -- 59 60 68 

61 56 45 47 38 40 44 53 58 60 68 

62 56 45 45 38 42 44 53 58 60 68 

62 56 45 45 39 42 46 54 59 61 68 

62 55 45 44 40 42 45 54 60 60 70 

62 55 44 40 42 41 45 53 59 60 70 

61 55 43 42 42 42 45 53 59 60 70 

61 55 44 41 43 43 47 53 58 61 70 

62 55 44 40 43 -- 47 51 57 62 69 

61 54 45 40 44 ------ 47 52 56 63 68 

------ 54 ------ 39 44 ------ 48 ------ 56 ------ 68 

64 57 49 44 37 43 44 52 55 60 67 

68 62 I 55 48 44 45 48 55 60 63 70 

61 54 43 39 32 40 40 47 so 56 65 ------ -
rv 

\C 

Day 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

Avg 

Max 

Min 

August 

70 

71 

70 

70 

70 

70 

72 

71 

72 

73 

72 

72 

72 

71 

70 

70 

69 

68 

68 

68 

70 

73 

68 

Table 11.--Daily water temperatures of Columbia River at Kalama, Wash., August 1941 to July 1942 

[Once-daily observations--mostly morning readings at river mile 75.1] 

September October November December January February March April May June July 

o7 62 54 45 38 38 40 46 so 56 63 

66 62 54 46 36 39 40 47 49 56 64 

66 62 54 46 36 40 40 47 -- 57 65 

66 61 54 46 35 40 40 48 so 57 66 

66 60 53 46 34 40 40 so 51 58 66 

66 60 53 46 32 40 40 so 52 58 66 

65 59 52 46 32 40 41 so 53 59 66 

65 59 52 46 32 40 42 so 54 59 66 

64 58 52 46 32 41 43 so 54 59 66 

64 57 52 45 32 42 43 51 54 59 66 

64 57 52 44 32 42 43 52 53 58 65 

64 57 52 44 32 42 43 52 54 58 65 

64 56 52 43 32 42 43 52 54 58 65 

64 56 52 43 32 42 43 51 55 58 65 

64 56 51 44 32 42 -- 52 54 58 65 

63 56 51 44 35 42 -- 52 55 58 64 

63 56 so 44 34 41 45 51 55 -- 64 

63 57 so 44 34 41 45 51 54 58 64 

62 56 49 44 34 40 44 52 -- 58 64 

62 56 48 45 34 40 44 52 55 58 65 

61 56 48 44 35 40 44 52 56 58 66 

61 56 47 44 35 40 44 52 57 58 66 

62 56 46 44 35 40 44 52 56 59 66 

62 56 46 44 35 40 45 52 58 60 67 

62 56 46 -- 36 39 44 52 58 59 68 

62 56 46 43 37 40 44 52 58 60 68 

62 56 44 42 38 40 44 51 56 59 68 

62 56 45 40 38 40 46 51 56 59 68 

62 55 44 40 38 -- 46 so 56 59 68 

62 54 45 40 37 ------ 46 so 56 61 68 

------ 54 ------ 38 38 ------ 47 ------ 56 ------ 68 

64 57 so 44 35 40 43 51 54 58 66 

67 62 54 46 38 42 47 52 58 61 68 

61 54 44 38 32 38 40 46 49 56 63 
w 

0 

pay 

;\ 

31 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

Avg 

~1ax 

Min 

August 

71 

71 

71 

71 

71 

--

72 

72 

72 

72 

72 

72 

--

71 

70 

70 

69 

69 

69 

--

71 

'72 

69 

Table 12.--Daily water temperatures of Columbia River at Longview, Wash., August 1941 to July 1942 

[Once-daily observations--mostly between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. at rlver mile 66.0] 

September October November December January February March April May June July 

-- 62 53 47 37 41 42 49 so 56 65 

67 62 -- 48 34 43 43 49 49 56 66 

65 61 53 48 35 43 43 49 -- 57 66 

66 61 53 45 -- 43 43 49 so 58 66 

66 -- 53 44 34 44 42 -- 52 59 -- 66 59 52 45 33 42 43 so 53 60 67 

-- 57 52 -- 33 42 43 so 55 -- 67 

65 57 52 45 34 -- -- so 55 58 66 

65 57 -- 44 33 43 44 51 54 58 66 

65 57 52 44 33 43 44 52 -- 57 66 

64 57 52 44 -- 43 45 53 52 56 65 

64 -- 52 44 34 43 44 -- 52 55 -- 64 57 52 43 35 42 44 51 53 58 65 

-- 57 51 -- 38 41 44 51 54 -- 65 

64 57 so 44 35 -- -- so 55 57 64 

64 57 -- 45 37 42 43 51 56 56 64 

63 56 48 45 38 42 44 so -- 55 64 

62 56 47 45 -- 41 4'5 so 57 56 63 

61 -- 46 46 38 41 45 -- 56 55 -- 61 55 45 45 38 41 45 53 57 56 66 

60 55 43 -- 38 41 45 53 58 -- 67 

60 55 42 45 38 -- -- 52 57 58 67 

60 55 42 45 38 41 45 51 56 59 66 

61 55 -- 44 38 41 44 52 -- 60 68 

62 56 44 -- 39 41 44 52 57 59 69 

62 -- 46 42 41 41 45 -- 57 58 -- 63 56 46 40 40 41 45 so 54 58 69 

-- 56 45 -- 41 42 46 so 54 -- 69 

63 55 45 40 41 -- -- so 55 60 69 

62 54 -- 40 41 ------ 48 51 55 63 69 

------ 54 ------ 38 41 ------ 49 ------ -- ------ 68 

63 57 49 44 37 42 44 51 54 58 66 

s: S'2 53 43 41 44 49 53 ss 63 69 

60 54 42 38 33 41 42 49 49 55 63 
w 

1-' 

Day 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

Avg 

Max 

Min 

August 

71 

71 

71 

71 

72 

--

72 

71 

71 

72 

72 

73 

72 

71 

70 

69 

70 

70 

69 

68 

71 

73 

68 

Table 13. --Daily water temperatures ot' Columbia River at Stella, Wash., August 1941 to July 1942 

[Once-daily observations--mixed morning and afternoon readings at river mile 56.4] 

September October November December January February March April May June July 

63 63 54 -- -- -- 41 48 so 57 -- 67 61 54 46 34 41 42 so so 56 67 

66 62 54 46 34 41 41 49 51 59 68 

66 60 54 46 34 42 43 51 so 60 68 

67 -- 54 46 31 43 42 -- 51 -- 66 

66 60 53 47 32 42 42 51 54 59 66 

67 -- 54 47 32 42 44 51 54 60 67 

66 57 53 45 32 42 44 51 54 58 67 

65 58 52 45 31 43 44 53 54 59 61 

65 58 52 46 33 43 45 -- 54 59 62 

63 57 53 44 32 44 45 53 55 58 65 

65 58 52 42 33 43 43 54 54 59 67 

64 58 -- 43 34 42 45 52 56 60 65 

64 55 52 -- 35 42 45 51 56 60 66 

63 58 51 43 33 44 44 52 55 59 65 

63 57 so 44 34 42 44 51 58 59 65 

63 59 so 44 35 42 45 53 57 57 65 

-- 57 49 45 35 42 46 53 55 58 65 

63 57 48 44 33 42 45 54 57 58 68 

62 55 48 -- 38 41 44 53 58 58 67 

62 55 47 45 37 41 45 53 58 61 67 

62 55 46 45 37 40 45 53 58 60 68 

64 57 45 44 36 41 45 52 59 59 67 

63 58 -- 44 37 40 46 52 58 61 69 

63 -.. 46 45 39 42 47 53 58 59 69 

63 56 46 43 39 41 48 52 58 60 -- 62 56 -- 39 39 40 47 51 58 59 -- 62 57 45 -- 41 41 48 52 56 61 -- 62 56 45 38 39 -- 49 52 58 -- -- 62 55 46 40 39 ------ 47 50 57 64 -- ------ 55 ------ 38 39 ------ 47 ------ 57 ------ -- 64 58 so 44 35 42 45 52 55 59 66 

67 63 54 47 41 44 49 54 59 64 69 

62 . 55 45 ~R L__ __ __l!__ - 40 41 18 so 56 61 -· ---·- -- -
w 

[\) 

Da_y_ 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

. :'.··"" / ... Max 

Min 

August 

70 

70 

71 

70 

71 

--

72 

72 

70 

67 

71 

72 

72 

70 

70 

68 

70 

69 

68 

68 

7(} 

72 

67 

Table 14.--Daily water temperatures of Columbia River at Eagle Cliff, Wash., August lY4l to July 1942 

[Once-daily observations--mostly afternoon readings at river mile 50.6] 

September October November December January February March April May June July 

68 63 55 47 37 40 42 47 50 56 64 

67 61 55 47 38 42 41 48 so 57 66 

66 62 54 46 37 40 42 48 so 57 66 

66 60 54 45 37 42 I 42 49 51 58 66 

66 61 54 46 35 41 41 49 51 59 68 

65 59 54 48 35 41 42 so 52 -- 68 

66 59 54 46 35 42 42 so 53 59 66 

64 59 54 46 33 42 42 so 53 58 67 

65 58 53 46 35 43 43 50 53 58 66 

65 58 52 46 33 42 43 52 -- 58 66 

64 57 53 44 32 43 43 -- 53 58 66 

64 58 52 44 34 43 43 53 54 58 66 

64 57 52 45 33 42 44 52 55 59 65 

62 58 52 44 37 42 44 52 57 58 65 

61 57 51 45 34 42 44 52 55 58 65 

63 57 50 45 34 40 44 52 55 58 -- 62 57 50 45 34 43 44 52 56 58 64 

62 57 49 45 34 43 45 52 56 58 66 

61 57 48 46 36 43 45 52 55 58 66 

61 56 -- 47 37 41 45 54 59 58 66 

60 58 46 45 39 42 44 52 57 58 66 

60 57 46 45 40 41 44 52 55 59 67 

61 57 45 45 41 40 44 52 58 60 67 

61 57 46 45 37 41 44 52 57 60 69 

62 56 47 45 38 40 44 52 57 59 69 

62 56 46 44 38 40 45 52 57 59 -- 61 56 46 42 38 41 45 so 56 60 70 

62 56 46 43 40 40 46 51 57 -- 70 

63 56 45 41 40 -- 46 52 57 62 69 

63 55 45 41 40 ------ 46 so 57 62 69 

------ 54 ------ 39 39 ------ 47 ------ 56 ------ 69 n~ 58 50 45 36 4?. 41 51 55 sq 57 

68 63 55 48 41 43 47 54 59 62 70 

60 54 45 39 32 40 41 47 so 56 64 ~-------
w 

w 

Day 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

Avg 

Max 

Min 

Table 15.--Daily water temperatures of Columbia River at Wauna, Oreg., November 1940 to August 1942 

[Once-daily observations--mixed morning and afternoon readings at river mile 41.8) 

November Dee?ember January February March April May June July August September 

-- 48 39 43 46 so 56 61 64 72 68 

-- 46 39 43 46 54 56 60 64 72 67 

-- 46 40 46 46 52 57 60 64 72 67 

-- 46 40 44 46 52 -- 60 -- 68 67 

53 46 40 44 45 53 57 59 67 70 67 

53 47 39 44 47 52 57 59 66 71 .67 

53 46 39 44 46 53 57 60 67 71 -- 49 46 39 44 46 53 58 -- 67 71 65 

so 41 39 44 46 54 58 60 67 70 65 

so 41 39 44 46 54 57 64 67 -- 64 

49 39 40 44 49 54 -- 63 68 68 65 

47 39 40 44 49 54 58 63 69 69 65 

45 40 40 43 48 54 58 63 -- 68 65 

46 39 40 41 49 54 57 62 74 68 -- 45 38 40 41 49 54 57 -- 73 68 63 

44 39 40 43 -- 54 57 63 73 68 64 

so 40 42 45 48 54 57 63 73 67 63 

51 40 41 41 48 54 57 63 72 67 63 

44 40 41 43 49 54 56 63 72 71 63 

45 41 44 41 49 -- 57 63 72 70 61 

41 40 43 45 49 54 58 63 72 71 -- 44 41 42 42 so 54 61 -- 73 69 62 

43 39 41 43 -- 54 59 63 73 69 63 

42 41 42 43 49 55 59 63 73 -- 62 

43 41 42 43 so 56 -- 64 73 68 62 

41 41 41 43 so 55 59 64 73 69 62 

42 42 44 44 so -- 59 64 -- 69 61 

45 41 44 44 so 56 60 63 72 69 -- 44 41 43 -- so 55 61 64 73 69 61 

44 41 43 ------ 49 55 62 64 72 68 61 

------ 41 43 ------ so ------ 61 ------ 72 -- ------ 46 42 41 43 48 54 58 62 70 69 64 

53 48 44 46 50 56 62 64 74 72 68 

41 38 39 41 45 so 56 59 64 67 61 
lA.J 

+ 

Table 15.--Daily water temperatures of Columbia River at Wauna, Oreg., November 1940 to August 1942--Continued 

DB.)l October November December January February March April May June July August 

1 61 -- 47 40 37 43 46 53 59 64 66 

2 61 -- 47 37 41 43 47 54 59 64 -- 3 60 55 47 37 40 42 47 -- 59 64 66 

4 61 55 47 -- 40 43 47 54 60 64 66 

5 61 55 47 37 41 44 -- 55 60 -- 67 

6 61 55 47 37 41 44 47 55 60 64 -- 7 60 55 -- 37 42 44 48 55 -- 64 -- 8 60 55 46 37 -- -- 49 55 59 64 71 

9 60 -- 46 37 42 43 49 55 60 64 -- 10 58 55 46 37 43 44 49 -- 60 64 71 

11 58 55 46 -- 43 43 49 54 60 64 71 

12 -- 55 45 35 41 43 -- 55 61 -- 72 

13 57 54 45 35 42 43 so 55 61 64 72 

14 57 53 -- 35 43 44 50 55 -- 64 72 

15 57 53 45 35 -- -- 52 55 61 65 72 

16 58 -- 45 36 43 43 52 55 60 65 -- 17 58 49 45 36 43 44 52 -- 60 65 70 

18 57 49 45 -- 43 44 52 56 60 65 72 

19 -- 49 46 36 43 44 -- 56 60 -- 72 

20 57 48 46 36 43 46 52 56 60 65 72 

21 57 48 -- 36 43 45 52 58 -- 65 72 

22 57 48 45 36 43 -- 53 58 60 65 72 

23 57 -- -- 36 43 43 53 58 60 65 -- 24 57 47 45 36 43 43 53 60 66 71 

25 57 47 44 36 43 44 53 58 59 66 71 

26 -- 47 43 37 43 44 -- 58 60 -- 70 

27 56 46 43 37 42 45 53 58 60 66 70 

28 56 46 -- 37 42 44 53 58 -- 66 69 

29 56 47 41 36 -- -- 53 58 60 66 69 

30 56 47 41 38 ------ 46 53 59 59 66 -- 31 54 ------ 40 38 ------ 46 ------ -- ------ 66 69 

Avg 53 51 45 "?.., 

.J- 4'2 44 51 56 60 65 70 

Max 61 55 47 40 43 46 53 59 61 66 72 

Min 54 46 40 35 37 42 46 53 59 64 66 
LA.! 

\.Jl 

Da_y 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

Avg 

Max 

Min 

Table 16.--Daily water temperatures of Columbia River at Cathlamet, Wash., September 1940 to July 1942 

[Once-daily observations--mostly afternoon readings at river mile 39.5] 

September Qetober November December January February March April May June July August 

64 56 -- 42 43 43 51 59 -- 66 70 

64 55 46 41 -- -- 51 59 -- 66 70 

-- -- -- 40 43 43 53 58 60 67 -- 64 54 46 40 43 44 53 58 60 -- 70 

63 53 46 40 43 -- 53 59 -- 68 69 -- 53 46 39 -- 45 -- -- 61 -- 70 

62 53 46 39 43 45 -- -- 62 69 72 

63 51 -- 39 43 46 -- 59 -- 70 -- -- 51 45 39 -- -- -- 59 62 71 70 

62 -- 45 39 43 47 -- -- 64 70 -- 61 50 44 39 43 47 54 -- 64 70 70 

61 49 43 -- 44 47 -- 59 64 70 71 

-- 48 41 -- 43 48 -- 59 64 -- 71 

61 48 41 39 43 -- 54 59 -- 72 71 

61 47 -- 39 43 -- 54 59 -- 72 71 

61 46 -- 39 -- -- 54 59 64 73 -- 61 -- -- 39 43 48 53 59 64 74 -- 61 45 -- 40 43 48 53 -- 64 75 71 

62 44 -- -- 43 -- 54 57 64 75 72 

69 -- 44 37 42 43 48 -- 58 64 -- 71 

66 62 44 38 42 43 -- 55 59 64 75 -- -- 62 43 -- -- 43 49 56 59 -- 75 -- 66 62 42 40 42 -- -- 56 59 64 74 72 

65 61 43 40 42 43 -- -- 60 64 74 -- 67 -- 42 -- 42 43 49 57 -- 65 -- 72 

65 59 -- 42 -- 43 50 -- -- 65 73 71 

65 -- 42 42 -- 43 so -- 60 65 -- 70 

64 58 42 41 43 44 so -- 61 65 72 -- -- 57 43 -- 43 -- 51 -- 61 -- 72 -- 64 57 44 42 43 ------ -- 58 -- 65 72 69 

------ 56 ------ 42 43 ------ 51 ------ 61 ------ 71 -- 61 47 43 41 43 47 54 59 64 71 71 

64 56 46 43 44 51 58 61 65 75 72 

56 42 37 39 43 43 51 57 60 66 69 
w 

0\ 

Table 16.--Daily water temperatures of Columbia River at Cathlamet, Wash., September 1940 to July 1942--Continued 

Day September Or-·tober November December January February March April May June July 

1 68 63 -- 46 39 -- 42 49 51 57 64 

2 67 63 -- 46 38 40 42 49 51 57 65 

3 66 -- 54 46 37 41 41 49 so -- 66 

4 66 62 54 46 -- 41 42 so 52 58 -- 5 66 -- 54 46 37 -- -- -- 52 59 67 

6 66 61 54 46 36 -- 42 51 53 59 67 

7 -- 61 54 -- 34 -- -- 51 54 -- 67 

8 66 60 53 46 34 42 43 51 -- 59 -- 9 -- 59 -- 46 33 42 44 51 54 59 67 

10 -- 58 52 -- 33 -- 44 53 -- 60 67 

11 -- 58 52 45 -- 42 44 53 56 59 67 

12 -- -- 52 45 34 -- 44 -- 55 59 66 

13 -- 57 52 45 35 43 45 53 57 60 -- 14 -- 57 52 -- 35 43 45 53 56 59 66 

15 -- 57 51 44 35 -- -- -- -- 59 65 

16 64 57 -- 44 35 43 45 53 56 59 65 

17 64 57 -- -- -- 42 46 53 -- 58 65 

18 63 57 so 45 -- 42 46 53 56 -- 65 

19 63 -- 49 46 36 -- 46 53 56 59 66 

20 63 57 -- 46 36 -- 47 54 57 59 66 

21 -- 57 48 -- 36 41 45 53 57 -- 66 

22 63 -- 47 45 36 41 -- 53 57 60 67 

23 63 57 -- 45 36 41 46 53 58 -- 68 

24 63 56 46 45 36 41 46 53 -- 60 68 

25 63 56 46 44 -- -- 46 53 58 60 69 

26 63 56 46 44 -- 41 46 -- 58 60 -- 27 63 56 46 42 38 41 46 52 57 60 69 

28 -- 55 46 -- 39 41 46 52 58 61 69 

29 63 -- 46 41 39 -- -- 52 58 62 69 

30 63 55 -- 41 39 ------ 48 51 57 62 69 

31 ------ 55 ------ 40 39 ------ 48 ------ 57 ------ 69 

Avg 04 so ~J 4~ J0 42 

I 4~ ~2 

,~ I ~9 67 

Max 68 63 54 46 39 43 48 54 

~~ - -

62 69 

Min 63 55 46 40 33 40 41 49 57 64 -- --
LA.l 

---..:] 

Day 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

Avg 

Max 

Min 

--·--

Table 17.--Daily water temperatures of Columbia River at Skamokawa, Wash., November 1940 to July 1942 

[Once-daily observations--mixed morning and afternoon readings at river mile 33] 

November December January February March April May June July August September 

45 41 44 44 53 59 62 65 -- 66 

45 40 43 44 53 57 59 64 67 66 

46 40 43 44 53 55 59 65 -- 64 

46 40 43 44 53 -- 63 65 68 65 

47 40 43 44 53 56 62 68 68 66 

46 40 43 46 53 57 60 67 71 64 

52 46 40 43 45 53 58 60 69 66 -- 52 -- 40 44 46 53 58 60 68 67 64 

51 43 41 43 46 53 60 61 66 68 64 

48 44 40 44 47 54 60 64 67 -- 64 

49 42 40 43 49 53 60 64 66 65 63 

46 42 -- 43 48 53 59 63 68 66 64 

46 39 40 43 48 -- 58 63 -- 69 63 

47 40 41 43 47 52 58 63 71 66 -- 46 40 40 42 47 53 58 63 70 67 64 

46 39 39 42 47 52 58 63 70 66 63 

45 39 41 42 48 52 58 63 70 -- 63 

42 40 41 43 47 52 58 63 67 69 63 

43 39 42 43 48 53 57 63 68 70 62 

43 40 42 42 48 54 58 62 -- 69 61 

43 40 42 42 49 54 59 64 72 69 -- 44 40 40 42 48 53 60 63 72 69 61 

41 40 41 42 49 53 60 64 72 68 59 

43 40 41 43 48 55 60 62 70 71 57 

43 41 41 43 49 57 60 64 70 68 61 

43 42 -- 43 49 57 60 63 72 68 61 

43 42 42 43 52 57 60 63 -- 69 61 

43 42 42 43 51 59 60 64 69 68 -- 45 42 43 -- 53 60 60 63 71 68 62 

44 41 43 ------ 52 58 60 64 71 66 62 

------ 42 43 ------ 53 ------ 60 ------ 64 66 ------ 45 42 41 43 48 54 59 62 68 68 63 

52 47 43 44 53 60 60 64 72 71 66 

41 39 39 42 44 52 55 59 64 65 57 --- - - _L__ __ 
VJ 

CD 

Table 17.--Daily water temperatures of Columbia River at Skamokawa, Wash., November 1940 to July 1942--Con. 

Day October November December January February March April May June July 

1 61 58 47 37 -- 40 48 so 55 66 

2 62 -- 47 36 42 42 49 49 59 66 

3 61 55 45 37 42 41 49 -- 58 66 

.a 61 54 47 -- 42 42 52 51 60 66 

5 -- 54 46 36 43 43 -- 54 60 -- 6 59 53 49 36 43 43 51 54 59 67 

7 58 53 -- 33 44 46 so 54 -- 66 

8 59 54 45 35 -- -- so 54 59 67 

9 56 -- 46 35 43 44 52 54 57 68 

10 59 53 46 34 43 45 52 -- 59 68 

11 55 52 44 -- 44 44 54 54 59 68 

12 -- 52 43 34 42 43 -- 54 60 -- 13 58 52 43 36 41 44 52 56 58 66 

14 55 52 -- 37 43 46 53 55 -- 66 

15 57 so 45 36 -- -- 54 56 59 65 

16 56 -- 44 36 43 46 -- 55 59 65 

17 55 49 43 37 43 45 -- -- 59 64 

18 55 48 45 -- 42 45 -- 56 59 66 

19 -- 48 46 36 41 44 54 47 59 -- 20 52 48 46 36 42 49 55 59 59 68 

21 59 46 -- 39 40 45 54 58 -- 67 

22 56 46 45 37 -- -- 52 57 61 66 

23 55 -- 44 38 41 44 53 59 60 68 

24 56 45 44 40 41 45 51 -- 59 66 

25 55 46 44 -- 41 46 51 58 59 68 

26 -- 46 42 41 40 48 -- 58 61 -- 27 55 45 40 40 41 46 51 57 61 67 

28 55 46 -- 39 42 46 52 58 -- 69 

29 56 46 40 40 -- -- 52 57 63 67 

30 54 -- 38 40 ------ 48 so 59 64 68 

31 54 ------ 38 40 ------ 48 ------ -- ------ 68 

:\vg 57 so 11 37 12 15 5:2 55 59 6'7 

Max 62 58 49 41 44 49 55 59 64 69 

Min 52 45 38 34 40 40 48 49 55 64 
w 

\.0 

Day_ 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

Avg 

Max 

Min 

Table 18.--Daily water temperatures of Columbia River at Altoona, Wash., September 1940 to June 1942 

[Once-daily observations--mixed morning and afternoon readings at river mile 24] 

September October November December January February March April May June July August 

64 55 45 43 44 44 53 59 61 65 72 

63 55 46 42 -- 44 53 59 61 66 70 

63 -- 46 41 44 45 54 59 61 66 69 

63 54 46 41 44 45 54 -- 61 66 -- 63 54 46 41 44 46 -- 59 61 -- 69 

63 53 46 41 44 46 54 59 61 67 71 

63 53 46 41 44 46 54 59 61 68 70 

63 52 46 41 44 46 54 59 62 69 70 

62 51 46 42 44 46 54 59 62 70 70 

61 so 46 42 45 46 54 59 63 71 70 

61 so -- 41 45 47 54 59 64 -- 70 

61 49 -- 41 45 48 54 60 64 -- 70 

61 48 43 41 45 48 54 60 64 72 70 

61 48 42 41 44 49 54 60 -- 72 71 

61 48 42 41 44 49 54 60 64 72 70 

61 48 41 40 43 49 54 59 64 73 70 

61 47 41 40 43 49 54 59 64 73 70 

61 46 41 40 43 49 54 58 64 73 70 

66 61 46 41 40 43 49 54 58 64 73 71 

66 61 45 41 41 43 49 54 59 64 -- 71 

68 61 45 41 42 44 49 55 59 64 73 71 

68 59 45 40 42 44 49 55 59 64 73 71 

66 60 45 40 43 44 49 55 59 64 73 -- 65 60 44 41 43 44 49 56 60 64 73 -- 66 60 44 41 43 -- 49 57 60 64 73 70 

66 59 44 42 43 44 so 58 61 65 73 70 

66 59 44 43 43 44 51 -- 61 65 72 70 

66 58 44 43 43 44 51 58 61 65 72 70 

65 57 43 43 43 -- 53 59 61 -- 72 70 

65 57 43 43 43 ------ 54 59 61 65 72 69 

------ 57 ------ 43 43 ------ 54 ------ 61 ------ 72 69 

61 48 43 42 44 48 55 60 63 71 70 

64 55 46 43 45 54 59 61 65 73 72 

57 43 40 40 43 44 53 58 61 65 69 
+=-

0 

Table 18.--Daily water ~emperatures of Columbia River at Altoona, Wash., September 1940 to June 1942--Con, 

Day September October November December January February March April May June 

1 69 61 56 46 40 40 43 47 54 59 

2 68 62 56 46 40 40 43 48 54 59 

3 -- 61 -- 46 39 41 43 48 54 59 

4 67 61 55 -- 37 41 43 49 54 60 

5 66 -- 54 46 37 -- 43 -- 54 60 

6 66 61 54 46 -- 41 43 49 54 60 

7 66 61 54 46 36 41 43 49 -- 60 

8 66 60 54 46 36 42 43 so -- 60 

9 66 60 54 -- 36 -- 43 51 -- 60 

10 66 59 54 46 -- 42 43 -- 54 60 

11 66 59 54 46 36 43 43 -- -- -- 12 65 -- 54 46 36 43 44 51 54 61 

13 64 59 54 46 36 43 44 51 54 61 

14 -- 59 54 46 36 44 44 52 56 61 

15 64 59 53 45 -- 44 45 52 56 61 

16 -- 59 52 45 36 44 45 53 56 61 

17 63 58 51 45 36 44 46 53 -- -- 18 -- 58 51 45 -- 44 46 54 -- 61 

19 61 -- -- 45 36 44 46 54 56 61 

20 61 58 50 45 36 44 46 -- 56 62 

21 61 -- -- 45 36 44 46 54 56 62 

22 61 57 49 45 36 44 46 54 56 62 

23 -- 57 49 45 36 44 -- 54 -- 62 

24 61 57 48 -- -- 44 46 54 -- 62 

25 61 57 47 -- 37 44 46 54 57 62 

26 61 56 46 44 38 43 46 54 58 62 

27 61 56 -- 44 -- 43 46 54 58 62 

28 61 56 46 43 38 43 46 54 59 62 

29 61 56 46 43 38 -- 47 54 59 62 

30 61 56 46 43 39 ------ 47 54 59 62 

31 --------- 56 ------ 42 39 ------ 47 ------ 59 ------ Avg 64 58 

52 L :~ l / ' 

I 

4.5 

I 

4S 

I 

S2 

I Jf So 61 

Max 69 62 56 46 40 44 47 54 59 62 

Min 61 56 46 42 36 40 43 47 54 59 - -
.pI-' 

Table 19.--Daily water temperatures of Columbia River at Astoria (Tongue Point), Oreg., November 1940 to June 1942 

[Once-daily observations--mostly afternoon readings at river mile 18.2] 

Day November December January February March April May June July August September 

1 55 45 41 45 46 54 58 61 68 68 64 

2 54 45 40 45 46 53 56 61 66 66 66 

3 54 46 39 44 46 54 57 62 67 67 64 

4 53 46 39 45 46 54 57 62 68 68 64 

5 52 46 41 46 46 53 56 61 68 70 65 

6 53 46 42 46 48 52 57 61 69 69 65 

7 52 46 43 46 48 54 57 61 69 68 64 

8 so 46 43 46 48 54 58 61 69 68 64 

9 so 45 43 45 48 53 59 61 68 68 64 

10 48 44 43 46 49 54 61 63 68 66 64 

11 48 44 43 46 49 54 61 64 68 68 64 

12 48 43 43 46 51 54 60 66 68 69 64 

13 47 43 43 45 49 54 59 64 -- 68 63 

14 47 40 43 45 49 54 58 63 75 68 -- 15 47 41 41 44 so 52 59 -- 73 68 64 

16 47 41 42 44 so 52 58 64 72 68 64 

17 47 43 43 45 so 54 57 64 72 -- 63 

18 46 43 43 45 49 54 57 63 73 69 63 

19 46 43 40 45 so 54 57 62 72 70 62 

20 45 43 41 45 49 55 59 63 -- 68 61 

21 44 43 41 45 49 55 61 63 72 66 -- 22 43 42 41 45 49 56 63 63 70 68 63 

23 43 42 43 45 49 56 64 64 72 68 63 

24 45 42 44 46 so 56 60 64 68 -- 63 

25 44 42 45 46 so 57 61 64 70 66 62 

26 43 41 43 45 52 58 59 64 68 67 62 

27 44 42 44 46 52 57 59 65 -- 68 62 

28 46 43 45 46 53 58 60 66 69 68 -- 29 46 43 44 -- 54 59 63 -- 70 68 61 

30 44 42 43 ------ 54 58 61 66 70 66 61 

31 ------ 41 45 ------ 54 ------ 61 ------ 70 -- ------ Avg 48 43 42 45 49 55 59 63 70 68 63 

Max 55 46 45 46 54 59 64 66 75 70 66 

Min 43 40 39 44 46 52 56 61 66 66 61 j j ---
+:-

I\) 

Table 19.--Daily water temperatures of Columbla River at Astoria (Tongue Point), Oreg., 

November 1940 to June 1942--Continued 

Da~ October November December January February March April May June 

1 61 54 48 36 43 -- 48 so 55 

2 61 54 49 36 43 45 48 so 57 

3 61 54 46 37 43 43 so 52 57 

4 61 54 46 36 42 43 49 51 57 

5 60 54 46 36 41 43 51 so 59 

6 60 54 46 36 43 43 so 52 59 

7 59 54 -- 36 43 44 so 53 59 

8 59 54 46 36 43 45 49 54 58 

9 59 54 46 36 43 46 so 53 57 

10 59 54 46 36 44 46 52 -- 57 

11 58 54 46 -- 44 44 52 52 58 

12 -- 52 45 35 43 43 -- 54 59 

13 57 54 45 36 43 43 52 54 60 

14 58 53 -- 36 43 43 52 55 --

15 58 52 46 36 -- -- 52 56 58 

16 58 -- 45 37 43 43 52 56 57 

17 58 so 44 38 43 45 53 -- 58 

18 57 49 46 -- 43 45 51 56 57 

19 -- 49 45 37 43 45 -- 57 57 

20 58 48 45 37 43 45 53 57 58 

21 58 46 -- 38 43 46 53 58 --

22 57 46 46 38 -- -- 52 57 59 

23 57 -- 45 38 43 46 51 56 60 

24 56 48 45 39 43 46 52 -- 59 

25 56 4 7 44 -- 43 44 52 58 59 

26 -- 46 42 42 43 45 -- 57 59 

27 55 4 6 41 41 4 3 4 5 51 57 59 

~ 55 46 -- 41 43 46 50 57 --

29 55 48 41 40 -- -- 52 57 61 

30 54 -- 41 41 ------ 48 52 58 64 

31 54 ------ 38 41 ------ 48 ------ -- ------

Max Avg I 58 I 51 I 45 l 38 I 43 I 45 I 51 I 55 I 53 61 54 49 42 44 48 53 58 64 

Min 54 46 38 35 41 43 48 50 55 
+:-

w 

Table 20.--Daily water temperatures of Columbia River at Fort Stevens, Oreg., August 1941 to January 1942 and June, July lY42 

[Once-daily observations--mixed morning and afternoon readings at river mile 6.7] 

Day August September October November December January February March April May June July 

1 -- 62 55 51 38 60 64 

2 71 62 -- 52 37 59 68 

3 65 59 55 -- 40 59 68 

4 64 60 55 49 -- 61 66 

5 65 -- 57 49 37 64 -- 6 66 -- 56 -- -- -- 68 

7 -- 57 56 -- 38 -- 69 

8 65 58 55 47 -- 59 68 

9 64 57 -- -- 41 59 68 

10 -- 60 54 49 40 -- 68 

11 64 58 -- 47 -- 59 66 

12 66 -- 55 -- -- 62 -- 13 63 59 54 46 40 63 69 

14 -- 62 55 -- 40 -- 65 

15 65 -- 53 so 40 60 68 

16 65 59 -- 49 42 59 66 

17 64 62 52 48 43 61 68 

18 67 63 58 52 51 -- 61 68 

19 68 -- -- 51 48 -- 60 -- 20 67 62 59 -- 48 40 63 68 

21 66 -- 58 48 -- 41 -- 68 

22 64 64 62 47 -- -- 63 68 

23 66 63 -- -- 45 41 63 68 

24 -- 58 57 50 44 42 61 69 

25 58 60 56 48 -- -- 61 68 

26 -- 62 -- 48 43 46 60 -- 27 63 -- 56 -- 41 -- 62 67 

28 65 -- 56 49 -- 47 -- 64 

29 60 63 -- -- 41 -- 65 64 

30 65 63 55 -- 44 42 66 63 

31 -- ------ 55 ------ 40 44 ------ 67 

Avg 64 59 53 47 41 61 67 

Max 71 62 57 52 47 66 69 

Min SR 55 47 40 37 59 63 ~~- ~---~---
+ 

+ 

Table 21.--Monthly maximum, minimum, and mean water temperatures of Columbla River at Bonneville Dam 

fore bay 

Water Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Year 

54 59 67 68 68 

1938 59 52 63 56 72 62 70 67 68 67 

59 47 39 40 39 45 51 55 58 66 69 64 

1939 66 53 54 39 42 35 41 38 41 35 so 41 54 49 57 54 63 56 71 63 70 67 66 62 

57 47 43 37 39 46 52 57 63 68 69 67 

1940 63 52 52 43 44 39 40 34 42 34 51 42 54 49 61 53 66 59 70 66 70 67 69 65 

60 46 40 37 40 46 53 58 62 70 70 64 

1941 64 55 54 41 43 35 40 35 42 39 52 42 58 51 60 55 65 58 75 64 74 67 67 61 

57 so 43 34 39 42 51 54 58 65 69 65 

1942 62 54 54 44 47 39 37 31 40 36 46 38 53 46 58 49 62 56 68 61 71 66 68 62 

59 47 42 37 39 43 49 52 56 63 66 65 

1943 65 54 53 44 44 40 41 32 42 33 48 41 53 46 57 so 60 53 66 60 68 65 66 63 

58 47 41 38 40 42 so 55 59 66 68 65 

1944 64 51 52 43 46 38 41 35 42 37 45 40 53 44 58 52 63 57 70 63 70 66 69 61 

60 so 40 41 41 43 49 56 59 66 69 65 

1945 64 57 57 43 44 37 45 37 45 37 48 40 54 47 60 53 64 56 69 61 71 67 69 59 

59 47 40 40 40 44 49 53 58 64 68 65 

1946 62 52 54 44 44 37 42 39 42 39 46 42 52 45 56 so 61 55 68 60 70 66 69 60 

55 45 42 37 40 45 so 55 59 65 67 64 

1947 60 50 so 42 48 39 42 34 44 38 49 42 54 47 60 53 62 57 68 61 69 65 68 61 I 

60 51 45 41 40 44 so 52 55 59 63 63 

1948 65 56 57 47 48 44 44 39 44 37 48 43 53 47 55 48 57 53 61 57 64 61 65 59 

57 so 43 36 34 43 49 52 56 61 67 65 

1949 59 55 54 47 47 39 38 32 40 32 46 40 51 45 54 49 57 so 65 57 71 65 70 61 

54 so 42 34 35 42 47 52 55 62 68 66 

1950 63 49 52 47 49 39 40 32 41 32 44 40 49 44 55 49 57 54 66 58 71 61 69 63 

57 48 43 37 38 41 49 53 57 64 67 65 

1951 63 51 52 45 45 41 44 34 41 32 46 38 52 46 55 49 60 54 66 61 70 66 66 62 

58 48 41 36 39 42 so 54 59 65 68 65 

1952 62 52 51 45 45 35 38 34 40 37 47 40 54 46 57 52 62 56 67 61 70 66 66 61 

61 48 42 43 44 46 so 55 57 64 68 66 

1.953 65 57 57 40 44 40 45 40 45 42 48 42 55 4?_._5LSJ _ 60 53 66 60 70 66 68 61 
5t$ 52 46 40 40 44 49 54 56 61 64 63 

1954 61 56 56 49 49 43 43 36 44 37 45 42 52 44 56 50 59 54 64 58 66 63 65 60 

56 51 42 39 39 40 46 52 ')( 61 66 65 

1955 6o 52 55 46 46 39 41 38 41 39 42 37 47 43 56 49 59 54 64 57 68 64 69 60 

57 45 40 39 34 42 4ts 53 57 64 6t$ 66 

1956 6o 53 53 39 43 36 40 35 36 32 46 37 52 46 57 50 60 55 68 55 71 64 68 64 

5t$ 4t$ 42 37 36 44 50 55 60 66 68 67 

1957 63 52 52 42 44 40 40 32 36 32 47 40 54 47 58 52 63 58 68 62 69 67 69 65 

59 51 44 41 45 45 50 57 63 69 72 66 

1958 65 55 56 46 47 42 43 40 47 43 48 43 52 48 6o 52 68 6o 74 64 73 70 70 62 

s bO 50 43 40 41 44 49 53 5t$ 64 67 64 .Ul 

Cl 1959 63 55 55 42 45 41 44 38 42 39 45 41 52 46 56 50 6o 52 68 6o 68 65 66 60 0 

< + 1?:1 Vl ::0 

~ 

E::: 

1?:1 

~ 

58 48 43 37 40 41 4(:5 54 59 66 68 65 

1960 6o 55 55 44 46 41 41 34 41 37 48 36 51 46 58 52 63 57 69 63 70 64 67 64! 

60 51 42 41 43 45 50 55 60 67 71 65 ..., 

'"CJ 

::0 

S2 

.-1 

z 

0 

1961 66 56 56 46 48 40 42 38 44 41 48 42 52 48 58 52 63 55 70 61 72 69 70 6o 

58 48 42 39 40 42 50 53 59 65 69 66 

1962 61 52 53 44 44 40 44 34 42 37 46 38 53 46 56 50 63 55 70 62 71 66 68 64 0 

"i 

"i 

n 

1?:1 

59 53 46 39 40 45 49 56 61 65 69 68 

1963 64 56 56 47 48 44 44 34 43 35 46 43 51 47 6o 50 63 58 67 62 70 66 70 66 

'"' co "' 

0 

co "" co 

0 

... 

_, 

62 52 43 42 42 44 49 54 57 64 66 63 

1964 67 56 56 48 46 41 44 40 44 40 46 42 51 46 57 50 6o 55 67 6o 69 63 64 62 

58 49 41 39 41 43 4Y 54 5Y 65 70 64 

1965 63 50 55 43 47 35 42 37 43 40 44 41 53 44 57 50 61 57 69 61 72 65 66 62 

60 53 45 41 41 44 51 56 5Y 64 67 66 

1966 62 58 58 48 48 42 42 39 42 3)1 48 41 53 48 58 53 61 56 66 58 70 66 68 65