Compiled by the RACE/REFM Groundfish Safety Committee:

Erika Acuna

Peter Cummiskey

Jennifer Ferdinand

Bill Flerx

Geoff Lang

Vanessa Lowe

Stan Kotwicki

Sandi Neidetcher

Nate Raring

Mark Wilkins

Resource Assessment Conservation Engineering Division

Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management

Alaska Fisheries Science Center

National Marine Fisheries Service

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

7600 Sand Point Way N.E.

Seattle, WA 98115­0070

May 2006
Cover Photograph: 

AFSC / RACE Matt Wilson and Eric Brown have a lighthearted moment during cold water 

survival training. 

2

CONTENTS


Mission of the At-Sea Safety Manual...............................................................................................7


Health Forms / Medical Emergency Forms ....................................................................................13


Emergency Calls At Sea.................................................................................................18


New Safety Equipment at sea...........................................................................................19


AFSC Shore Kit Content List............................................................................................30


What is a Safety Program?................................................................................................................8


Checklist for FPC and Safety Leader................................................................................................9


Duties of a Safety Leader................................................................................................11


Charter Vessel Emergency Procedure Form........................................................................15


STCW Safety Training for At-Sea Personnel.................................................................................16


Cold Water Survival........................................................................................................20


Standard Operating Procedures.......................................................................................................21


Float Plan........................................................................................................................................31


Recommended Personal Essentials For Shore Excursions.............................................................30


Essential Hazardous Material Information........................................................................................33


-Formaldehyde...................................................................................................... ...36


-Ethanol....................................................................................................................33


-Glycerol...................................................................................................................38


-Thymol....................................................................................................................40


Hazardous Chemical Material Shipping Guidelines...............................................................42


Basic First Aid at Sea.......................................................................................................................47


Emergency Care Center Contact Numbers..........................................................................49


Repetitive Motion and Back Injuries...................................................................................50


-Tendonitis.........................................................................................................52


-Bursitis............................................................................................................55 

-Carpal Tunnel.....................................................................................................57


-Sciatica.............................................................................................................60


-Lumbar Strain.....................................................................................................61


Seasickness- Information and Treatment............................................................................64


Injury, Illness, Accident or Near-Miss Reporting..............................................................................66


Annual Safety Plan Review Procedure.............................................................................................67


Safety Evaluation..............................................................................................................................68


APPENDIX: 

List of Forms......................................................................................................69 

3

4

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

LIST OF FIGURES


Fig. Emergency Information Form...............................................................13 

Fig. NOAA Health Services Questionnaire....................................................14 

Fig. Charter Vessel Emergency Procedure Form............................................15 

Fig. RACE/ REFM Survey Float Plan............................................................31 

Fig. RACE/REFM Survey Float Plan Equipment .........................................32 

Fig. RACE/REFM At Sea Email Injury Illness Report Form........................ ......66 

Fig. Safety Evaluation...............................................................................68 

5

6

MISSION OF THE AT-SEA SAFETY MANUAL


The staff of the RACE Groundfish Program conducts fieldwork in a potentially 

dangerous environment: on small vessels floating in a very cold ocean. Working 

closely together in the field, we naturally develop relationships where we depend 

on each other to get our jobs done. This mutual dependency also leads us to 

care about each other’s welfare. 

This At-Sea Safety Manual, developed by the Groundfish Program’s Safety 

Committee, will help all of us protect each other and ourselves from injury while 

working in this inhospitable environment. The manual identifies unsafe situations 

and practices that we face in our everyday field activities. Rules and strategies 

have been devised to minimize the dangers they present. Awareness of hazards 

and following these rules will help reduce the chance of injury to you and those 

around you. The manual will be a “living” document, incorporating suggestions 

from all who use it. 

The captain of a vessel has the last word in all matters concerned with the safety 

of all aboard as well as ensuring that all operations aboard are done in the safest 

manner possible. Our Field Party Chiefs are responsible for the safety of our 

science operations; however, it is ultimately the responsibility of all of us who go to 

sea to be aware of hazardous situations and to look after each other. The Safety 

Committee is committed to supply the information and recommendations 

necessary to facilitate awareness and sound decisions while at sea. 

This manual is consistent with the requirements of National Oceanic and 

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Administrative Order (NAO) 217-103: 

Management of NOAA Small Boats, as well as NAO 209-1: NOAA Safety Policy. 

The Safety Committee welcomes comments and suggestions on this 

document and any other safety concern. Please contact: 

Erika Acuna- Committee Chairperson: (206) 526-4606 or 

Erika.Acuna@noaa.gov 

7

WHAT IS A SAFETY PROGRAM?


A Safety Program is a designed environment where everyone is looking out for the safety and 

welfare of each other. The most dangerous portion of our jobs, of course, involves the time we 

spend on vessels at sea. The best Safety Program that a workgroup can design for itself is the one 

that best meets its needs. Consequently, our initial program has been put together by some of the 

people who use it, and everyone in our workgroup who uses it should shoulder the responsibility of 

building on and improving the program. 

For a Safety Program to be effective: 

•	 Management must be committed to providing the resources and support necessary to carry it 

out. 

•	 It must refer to the safety philosophy of the organization and clearly state its goals and 

objectives. 

•	 It must establish the line of responsibility for safety, which should include everyone in the 

organization at some level. While each one of us has to keep safety issues foremost in our 

minds, there must be someone in charge to effectively direct the program on the vessel. 

•	 It should establish an organizational structure through which all employees can address and 

influence how safety issues are resolved. Periodic feedback and revision of procedures is 

crucial. Periodic audits of the work area and equipment during each leg will further minimize 

danger. 

•	 It should address all hazardous situations and practices and develop rules and procedures to 

minimize danger to employees. 

•	 It should provide for supportive safety experts and safety training for all employees. 

•	 The program has to be clearly communicated to everyone it is intended to protect, which is 

the express purpose of this Manual. Each member of the field party will be asked to review 

the Manual at the beginning of the survey leg. 

•	 “Near-misses” should really be termed “near-hits”. One outcome is just as likely as the other 

and only chance dictates whether you walk away (wiping the sweat from your brow) or are 

carried away on a stretcher. These incidents and the conditions that lead to them must be 

documented as carefully as the accidents that actually result in an injury. Only then can we 

improve the procedures that protect us all. 

Finally, we must be motivated to take this Safety Program seriously. Our motivation should be that 

we care about the people we work with. None of us want to see anyone subjected to the pain and 

suffering resulting from an injury, especially if there is anything we can do to prevent it from 

happening. All accidents can be prevented, and hopefully this Safety Program will prevent accidents 

that may have happened had it not been implemented. 

Remember: Safety First! 

8

CHECKLIST FOR FPC & SAFETY LEADER


The following is a checklist for Field Party Chiefs (FPC) AND Safety Leaders (SL) (see following 

section) to be used at the beginning of each survey leg. It is designed to help identify all safety/ 

emergency equipment on board as well as any potential hazards and safety issues aboard the 

vessel. The FPC and/or the SL will assure that these issues have been properly communicated to all 

science personnel. 

Either the Field Party Chief or the Safety Leader should check off completed tasks: 

Leg 1 Leg 2 Leg 3 Leg 4 All Science Personnel / FPC / and Safety Leader: 

All scientific crew shall read this safety manual, and sign the Charter 

Vessel Emergency Procedure Form (provided by FPC) during the onboard safety meeting at the beginning of each survey leg. 

FPC will assign a Safety Leader (see following section) 

FPC and Safety Leader will conduct tour of vessel with Science 

Personnel and identify any additional boat specific safety hazards. 

Discuss possible solutions to potential hazards. 

Leg 1 Leg 2 Leg 3 Leg 4 All Science Personnel need to know the location of the following 

items: (functional check?): 

Fire extinguishers 

Muster station 

Life rafts 

Radios and radio procedures 

EPIRB (Emergency Positioning Indicating Radio Beacon) 

Survival suits (their own and spares) 

Eyewash station 

MSDSs (Material Safety Data Sheet) 

O2 kit and Trauma / First Aid kit 

AED (Automatic External Defibrillator) 

9

CHECKLIST FOR FPC & SAFETY LEADER continued:


Leg 1 Leg 2 Leg 3 Leg 4 All Science Personnel need to understand what to do 

in the event of: 

Man overboard 

Fire 

Abandon ship 

Sounding of alarms (General alarm, bilge alarm, fire, etc) 

Leg 1 Leg 2 Leg 3 Leg 4 All Science Personnel need to complete: 

Viewing of back care safety video 

Viewing of Cold Water Survival video (for those w/o classes) 

Sign Charter Vessel Emergency Procedure Form 

Practice donning survival suits and record serial numbers 

Emergency Information Form 

NOAA Health Services Questionnaire 

Leg 1 Leg 2 Leg 3 Leg 4 Field Party Chief and Safety Leader need to assure: 

All science equipment is properly stowed/securely tied down. 

Test the functionality of all emergency & safety equipment. 

All sampling gear on deck is secured/stowed 

Chemicals are mixed and buckets/barrels secured 

All sampling gear is ready for first tow 

Hard hats & float coats are worn when required 

Complete: Charter Vessel Emergency Procedure Form 

before departing shore; mail or FAX to Seattle office (see pg 15). 

10

DUTIES OF A SAFETY LEADER


Participating in a Groundfish Survey has its own inherent hazards as have been delineated in this 

manual. The level of vessel experience between the crew and science teams can vary greatly. From 

year to year a vessel might be altered in a way that may present a new hazard, which even a 

seasoned veteran of the surveys may be unaware. 

With the increased level of awareness of safety issues aboard the vessels, the Safety Committee 

has created the volunteer position of a Safety Leader (SL). This person (a willing participant ­

preferably other than the Field Party Chief) will be responsible for safety and hazard concerns during 

their leg of the survey and maintaining safety concerns as a priority. Ultimate the responsibility for 

safety falls on everyone aboard the vessel; however, a SL will assist the FPC who along with the 

captain is responsible for the crew’s safety. The SL will help instruct the crew on safety precautions, 

maintain safety information (various forms), and alert the crew to any potential hazard. 

Volunteering to become the Safety Leader for one or more of the Bering Sea or Gulf of Alaska 

Groundfish Surveys legs is an honorable position. Your duties and responsibilities can be 

considered minor, but the outcome from your work will be great. 

Accidents happen and near-miss accidents may very well occur- we need to document and prevent 

as many as we can. The duties of a Safety Leader are as follows: 

Safety onboard vessel at beginning of survey leg: 

1.	 Safety Tour: Commencing a leg of the survey, the Safety Leader will verify that all crew and 

science team are aware of the potential hazardous situations on the vessel. This includes 

giving a “safety tour” of the boat to new scientists upon their arrival and pointing out hazards. 

Use the FPC checklist in this Safety Manual to help guide the tour. 

2.	 Safety Videos: The Safety Committee supplies each vessel with a set of Safety At Sea 

instructional videos. It will be the Safety Leader’s responsibility to verify that all members of 

the science team have viewed the videotapes. 

3.	 Safety Talks: At the beginning of each survey leg, the captain of the vessel will conduct a 

thorough safety discussion with all members of the science team. The Safety Leader and the 

FPC should verify that all scientists are in attendance, and that the required Charter Vessel 

Emergency Procedure Form is signed, which verifies the meeting took place. At this time it is 

often customary to double-check all survival suits, practice donning suits, and find 

appropriate stowing locations, which the Safety Leader can also verify. 

4.	 Safety Drills: The Safety Leader will coordinate with the Captain of the vessel and the FPC 

on conducting safety drills which shall be performed during each leg of the survey. 

5.	 Emergency Forms and Health Questionnaire: It will be the Safety Leader’s responsibility 

to coordinate with the FPC on the stowage location for all medical and emergency forms 

from the science team. All forms should be completed prior to leaving dock. 

6.	 Safety Equipment: The Safety Leader and the FPC should coordinate on the stowage 

locations for the medical kits, O2 case, AED, survival suits, life jackets and/or Mustang 

jackets, hardhats, and small boat kits. These locations should be made known to all vessel 

personnel. 

11

DUTIES OF A SAFETY LEADER continued:


7.	 Chemicals: The Safety Leader should coordinate with the FPC and/ or Deck Boss as to 

proper stowage and use of sampling chemicals aboard the vessel. 

Safety on vessel during the survey leg: 

1.	 Safety Pack: A packet of information, instructions, and forms has been supplied for the 

Safety Leader. Also included are blank CD’s on which information and reports can be saved 

and returned to Seattle. 

2.	 Accident Report Forms: Should an injury, accident, or illness occur, NOAA and the Safety 

Committee have supplied various forms to be completed after the situation is under control. It 

will be the Safety Leader’s responsibility to verify that all forms have been completed 

properly and that they get returned to Seattle. 

a.) RACE/REFM At Sea Email Injury Report Form� send to Jay.Kennedy@noaa.gov 

b.) CD-137: Report of Accident / Illness Form 

Copies of both forms can be found in the Appendix as well as the Safety & Emergency 

Document CD. 

3.	 Near Miss Accident: Sometimes a “near-miss” situation may occur where an injury did not 

result but the potential was there for a more serious outcome. Please complete the 

RACE/REFM At Sea Email Injury Report Form and check “Near-Miss” on form. 

4.	 Ongoing safety monitoring: The Safety Leader, the deck boss, and the FPC will 

communicate with each other regarding any unsafe situations and/or practices during the 

survey leg and make necessary adjustments to ensure the safety of the vessel personnel. 

5.	 Shore Excursions: If a shore excursion occurs, the Safety Leader will be responsible for 

completing a float plan and verifying all required equipment is included with the shore 

excursion party. 

Please see section on Shore Excursions and Float Plan. 

Safety at completion of survey leg: 

1.	 End of Leg/ Survey: At the completion of a survey leg, the Safety Leader will see that all 

operations follow the guidelines described in Safety Manual. 

See End of Leg Clean Up, and Haz Mat Chemical Shipping Guidelines. 

2.	 Safety Evaluation: The Safety Committee has provided a Safety Evaluation form to be 

completed at the end of the survey leg by the FPC and any other scientist who might have a 

comment or suggestion to the Safety Committee regarding vessel safety. 

3.	 Getting safety information to Seattle: All electronic versions of safety forms (Injury, Near 

Miss, Float Plan, Evaluation) will be copied to a CD and returned to Seattle by the Safety 

Leader, or alternatively can be given to FPC to return to Seattle. Documents should be given 

to Erika Acuna- Safety Committee Chairperson. 

12

HEALTH FORMS / MEDICAL EMERGENCY FORMS


Fig. 1 NOAA/ RACE Emergency Information Form. 

See Appendix for full sized version also available as a 

PDF online on the RACE Intranet under At Sea Health 

Forms as well as on the Safety & Emergency 

Documents CD provided to survey vessels. 

All sea-going scientists need to complete an Emergency Information Form (Fig. 1) and a NOAA


Health Services Questionnaire (Fig. 2) before leaving Seattle, WA.


A sample of each of the forms follows. They can both be found in the Appendix of this manual.


AFSC employees can access the


RACE Intranet at: http:// afscportal/


race and locate the forms under: At


Sea Health Forms.


Additionally electronic blank versions of


the forms can be found on the Safety &


Emergency Documents CD provided to


all survey vessels.


The purpose of these forms is to 

provide pertinent personal information 

in the event of an at-sea medical 

emergency or other at-sea emergency 

situation. A copy of each form is sealed 

for confidentiality and filed with the 

Division Director in the home office of 

AFSC, Seattle, WA. A second sealed 

copy of each form is also sent out with 

the Field Party Chief to the respective 

boat where the scientist is scheduled 

for deployment. The forms are either 

returned to their owners or destroyed at 

the end of the survey cruise. 

At this time we have no protocol to 

verify these forms for accuracy or 

validate the physical fitness of the 

individuals for sea duty. The work at 

sea can be physically demanding in 

remote locations without immediate 

access to an emergency medical 

response. Therefore it is strongly 

advised by the Safety Committee that 

each individual complete the forms 

accurately for faster emergency care 

should it become necessary. 

It is the responsibility of each individual to notify their FPC of any medical condition that may 

have a potential of becoming serious if not properly treated at sea. Confidentiality can be 

maximized, but your health and well-being can only be assured if others know how to take 

care of you in the event of an emergency. 

13

HEALTH FORMS / MEDICAL EMERGENCY FORMS 

continued: 

Fig. 2 NOAA / RACE Health Services Questionnaire. This form can be found as a PDF online and 

is included in the Appendix of this manual as well as on the Safety & Emergency Documents 

CD provided to each survey vessel. 

14 
CHARTER VESSEL EMERGENCY PROCEDURE FORM


The following form can be found in several locations: in the FPC Manual, in the Appendix of this 

safety manual, as well as on the Safety & Emergency Documents CD provided to each survey 

vessel. At the beginning of each leg, before departing the dock the Captain of the vessel will conduct 

a safety meeting with the scientific crew. Safety is a priority on all vessels and although we are all 

ultimately responsible for our safety and that of our crewmembers, the Captain has ultimate authority 

and responsibility for all safety measures and conditions aboard his vessel; therefore all scientific 

personnel shall be present. 

At this time all vessel emergency procedures and safety policies will be discussed, as well as 

specific vessel guidelines. This is also an appropriate time for practicing donning survival suits and 

storing them properly. Personnel from each leg are required to record the survival suit serial 

numbers that are taken aboard each vessel. Please pay close attention to any survival suit swapping 

from vessel to vessel or from storage when beginning a new leg. This form (double sided) will be 

either FAXED or MAILED (in pre-stamped/ pre-addressed envelopes provided) BEFORE embarking 

on each survey leg. 

FAX to: 

Russ Nelson: 206-526-6723 

Mail To: 

Russ Nelson / NOAA / NMFS / AFSC 

7600 Sand Point Way NE Bldg 4 

Seattle, WA 98115 

Or FAX to: 

Russ Nelson 

(206) 526-6723 

Fig. 3 NOAA/ RACE Emergency Procedure Form. See Appendix for full size version also available in 

the FPC Manual as well as on the Safety & Emergency Documents CD provided to each survey 

vessel. 

15

STCW SAFETY TRAINING


The International Maritime Organization’s Convention on 

STCW sets qualifications and requires that all mariners 

receive vessel familiarity and Basic Safety Training (BST). 

The AFSC has contracted a private vendor to provide a 

series of Safety / First Aid training classes. This training 

satisfies the Coast Guard’s STCW (Standards of Training, 

Certification, and Watchkeeping) requirements (Document 

#2001 07 EJF Fleet Operating Principles/ memorandum on 

Basic Safety Training). 

Courses include four modules: basic first aid, personal survival techniques, basic fire fighting, and 

personal safety and social responsibility. NOAA’s policy suggests voluntary compliance with the 

provisions of STCW, and recommends completing module #1 A or B (Medical) and #2 (Survival 

at Sea). In addition either module #3 (Fire Fighting) or #4 (Shipboard Living) should be completed. 

Module 1A Module 1B Module 2 

Medical Emergencies at Sea 

Basic 

Medical Emergencies at Sea 

Advanced Survival at Sea 

Required in 1st year for new hires 

every 5 years for staff. Recommended every 2-3 years. Required every 2-3 years. 

A remote-duty 16hr first aid course. 

Course outline includes treatment of 

major and minor injuries, treatment 

of the ill or injured, rescue breathing, 

O2 Therapy, CPR and use of AED 

(Automatic External Defibrillator). 

An 8hr refresher of Medical 

Emergencies at Sea course 

including O2 Therapy, CPR and 

AED; additional advanced 

techniques in I.V. administration, 

injections, suture, and advanced O2 

therapy. 

A 2-day (12 hr) course on surviving 

a shipboard disaster at sea. Course 

includes cold-water survival training, 

man overboard drills, survival suit 

and life raft training, and 

abandoning ship skills. 

Module 3 

Fire Fighting 

Module 4 

Shipboard Living 

Required every 5 years. Required every 5 years 

An 8-hr course designed to teach 

the basics of on-board fire fighting, 

the various types of equipment, 

extinguishers, and gear. Techniques 

on various types of fires. 

An 8-hr course designed to teach 

the special challenges of living 

aboard a small vessel with other 

people for extended periods of time. 

Visiting scientists are encouraged to participate in the training sessions if possible, or attend 

equivalent training in their respective institutions. For more information on classes and scheduling 

please contact the RACE Division Safety Training Officer: Bill Flerx at 206.526.6643 or by email: 

Bill.Flerx@noaa.gov 

16 
ADDITIONAL EMERGENCY TRAINING


Additional Recommended Training: 

• Hazardous Materials Handling, Storage and Transportation (DOT): 

All field personnel shall complete this course. Task leaders should encourage staff completion of 

the training. 

Who should attend: Any individual responsible for the packing and shipping of hazardous 

materials or working with hazardous materials at anytime in performance of their job shall complete 

the annual training requirements associated with these tasks. 

If you have not completed the required annual training of shipping and handling of hazardous 

materials you are not authorized to pack, ship, or sign the shipment manifest for these items. 

• Back Strain and Prevention: 

Instructional videotapes featuring proper lifting techniques and back care will be provided on each 

RACE vessel. Stretching and warm-up exercises by field personnel at sea should be encouraged. 

17

EMERGENCY CALLS AT SEA


While at sea you may feel isolated from the common conveniences we have on land, and the luxury 

of being able to pick up the phone to call 911 when an emergency situation arises. Emergency 

information can still, however, be sent from the vessels in an expeditious manner 

What methods do we have available to us for emergency situations while at sea miles from shore or 

911? The following is a list of various emergency distress communication means that may be 

available to us for the sole purpose of getting a message out that the vessel is in distress. Specific 

operation of this equipment, as well as its location on your vessel and protocol may be different from 

vessel to vessel. The vessel’s Captain prior to departure will instruct you on the specifics during your 

safety tour and instruction session. 

Keep in mind that in the event of an emergency it will most likely be the vessel Captain or crew 

sending the distress information- however it is prudent for you to familiarize yourself with the 

equipment should you be tasked to use it. 

1.) Radio Distress Call (MAYDAY) / Coast Guard: 

•	 Marine VHF radio channel 16 

•	 Marine Single Sideband radio (SSB) channel 4125 and 2182 

You will be shown the location and operation of both marine radios on your vessel and 

how to make a distress call. 

2.) Emergency Medical Assistance / Coast Guard: 

o	 A 24 Hr medical on call service is available to all vessels in Alaskan waters via 

satellite phone in the case of a medical emergency or treatment advice is required. 

You will be instructed by the vessel Captain how to contact the on call medical

service in the case of a medical emergency.

3.) INMARSAT-C: 

•	 Most Alaskan commercial vessels are equipped with INMARSAT-C email capabilities. In 

addition to transmitting electronic messages via satellite the equipment has an 

emergency button to send an immediate distress signal. 

You will be instructed on the position and use of the INMARSAT-C. 

4.) Satellite phone: 

•	 Most vessels are equipped with a satellite transmission phone.


By entering: grp01 enter you will reach an emergency operator.


5.) Vessel Monitoring System: (Bering Sea Only/ GOA does not use during survey) 

•	 NMFS Trawlers exceeding 60ft in length must be equipped with a VMS (Vessel 

Monitoring System). 

•	 Position information can be transmitted to a NMFS office at all times that the VMS is 

operating. 

•	 A distress signal can also be sent in case of a shipboard emergency. 

You will be instructed on the location, operation, and position of the VMS on your vessel. 

6.) Emergency Positioning Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB): 

•	 Can be turned on manually or will activate automatically. 

•	 Transmits a continuous signal that can be picked up by search and rescue craft. 

18

NEW SAFETY EQUIPMENT AT SEA 

NOAA and the Safety Committee are constantly in search of the latest technology in safety and 

emergency equipment available. In 2004 we introduced two pieces of equipment that will provide 

extra assurance and precaution to our seagoing personnel. 

McMurdo FastfinD 406 MHz Personal Location Beacon: 

Using the latest Cospas Sarsat satellites, the Fastfind Personal Location 

Beacon provides a global distress alert and location to the rescue services. Not 

much bigger than a mobile phone, the Fastind offers individuals the very best 

chance of being found in an emergency. The Fastfind standard 406 MHz 

personal location beacon operates on 406 MHz and features the same 

advanced technology as found in the award winning Rescue EPIRB. The alert 

signal is sent to the rescue services within 90 minutes and gives a positional 

accuracy to with 3nm. Once in the vicinity the 121.5 MHz transmitter provides a 

signal for the rescue services to find a vessel or individual in distress. Each 

survey vessel will be registered with the service and carry a unit in the safety 

supplies. 

Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) by Heartstream: 

Automatic External Defibrillators provide emergency first 

responders with an effective means to treat victims in sudden 

cardiac arrest. This defibrillator is easy to use and lightweight. It 

has a two-button operation and voice prompts to guide the user 

through protocol. It evaluates patient ECG and signal quality to 

determine if shock is appropriate. It automatically optimizes 

therapy for each patient and runs on long life maintenance free 

lithium batteries for reliability and performance. Its patented 

SMART Biphasic waveform is the most patient-friendly 

technology available today. 

Training for operation of this unit is provided in several 

courses: NOAA offers CPR/AED training several times a year; the 

2 day Medical Emergencies at Sea course as well as the 8hr refresher 

both provide training as well. It is important that all sea-going personnel 

educate themselves on the operation of the AED unit- anyone of us could 

be called to react in an emergency situation- the more people trained- the 

faster and better the response. 

19

COLD WATER SURVIVAL SUITS


Donning Survival Suit: 

(A) Remove suit from stowage bag with a 

sharp jerk of the carrying bag. 

(B) Don suit in the same fashion as donning 

coveralls. It may be easier to step into legs 

from the seated position, then turn onto knees 

to finish donning suit. 

(C) Don the hood before you zip up the suit. It 

is recommended you leave one arm out of the 

sleeve to help pull hood over head- then 

complete inserting arm into sleeve. 

(D) Close the zipper completely. To avoid 

problems zipping up the suit, arch your back 

to remove wrinkles in the fabric. 

(E) Close the spray shield and inflate the 

collar for additional flotation before entering 

water. 

Storing Survival Suit: 

Stowage bag: Check condition of snaps on bag for ease of operation. 

Suit: 

•	 Lay out suit on a flat clean surface with front up and arms out. 

•	 Make sure entry zipper is in the open position; toggle up ~2” from bottom. 

•	 Roll suit (do NOT fold), feet first, up to chin, making sure not to wrinkle water valves. 

•	 Fold arms horizontally across roll. 

•	 Place suit in bag and close snaps. 

•	 Stow bag with handle exposed. 

Zipper: Work zipper up and down to check for ease of operation. If zipper is excessively rough, wipe 

with a soft, clean, lint-free cloth and lubricate with the wax lubricant. 

Survival light: Make sure the survival light is operational or has not expired. 

Stowage. 

•	 Store suit in a dry, well-ventilated locker, with container handles exposed, or according to 

manufacturer's directions. 

•	 Survival suits are intended for "abandon ship" use. Stow them so they are readily


accessible to the individuals for whom they are intended. This is to prevent searching


throughout the vessel to find them in an emergency.


•	 Do not stack or sit on suits. Excessive stacking can compress suits at the bottom of the 

pile, eventually damaging the buoyant insulating foam. Folds and tears can lead to leaks 

which may compromise survival for the user. 

20

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES


The following is a list of Standard Operating Procedures for tasks encountered on a typical 

groundfish survey. Each box contains a specific task or activity that is performed at least once 

during a survey and described as the operation. The corresponding hazards associated with each 

operation are then identified, followed by the recommended operating procedures that should be 

used in order to minimize the risk of those hazards. 

1. Boarding/ disembarking vessel: 

Hazards: 

Falling into water; slipping; bumping into hard items. 

Operating procedures: 

• Use gangway whenever possible. 

• Use handrails on gangway. 

• If gangway is not an option (due to level differences between the deck and the dock or rough 

weather) use extreme caution, be aware that the boat can move. Ask for assistance, or ask 

vessel crew to set up the cargo net as a safety net (if appropriate) between the boat and dock. 

• Before you leave the boat, communicate your departure by informing the captain and/or FPC 

and write a message on the message board including time, destination, and approximate 

return. 

• If you feel unsafe, communicate to the captain, FPC or crew. There are other ways to get you 

on and offboard. For example: use other persons for assistance, use of a crane. 

• Discuss your safety concerns with the crew. They may know a better, safer way, or you may 

help them find a better way. 

• Most embarking / disembarking will be a personal judgement call, remember that you are 

responsible for your own safety. 

2. Loading/ offloading: 

Hazards: 

Overhead hazards such as getting hit by the crane hook; falling into a hatch; tripping hazards; 

lifting strains; carrying heavy items up and down stairs; use of motor vehicles (including forklifts). 

Operating procedures:

• Hardhats shall be worn when overhead loads are being transferred. 

• The FPC (Field Party Chief) or Deck Boss will designate where the equipment is to be 

stowed in accordance with the vessel’s captain. 

• It is the responsibility of each crewmember to identify and clearly communicate deck hazards 

(i.e. open hatches) to all. If possible, block traffic around open hatches and other hazardous 

areas. 

Lifting: 

• View required training video on proper lifting techniques and/or attend training. 

• When lifting heavy loads: get help, break up loads to lighten. 

21

Loading/ Offloading Continued: 

• Only certified operators will operate forklifts. 

• When operating a motor vehicle around the docks check for possible obstacles around it 

before departing. 

• Before leaving the dock FPC/Deck Boss should check the deck to make sure that 

everything is stowed and secured properly. 

3. Setting up equipment: 

Hazards: 

Power tools; electrical shock; chemical burns; lifting heavy loads; improper stowage. 

Operating procedures: 

Emergency/ First Aid Equipment: 

• Designate an accessible location to store medical case, oxygen kit, and AED. 

• Communicate this location to all scientific crew. 

Power Tools: 

• Ask for training or assistance if you are unfamiliar, inexperienced or uncomfortable with a 

power tool. Do not operate any tools if you feel unsafe or unsure. 

• Always wear eye protection whenever there is a risk of small particles getting into eyes (i.e. 

sawdust in eyes can be hazardous). 

• Protect yourself from electric shock by using a GFI device (Ground Fault Interrupt) when 

using outside deck electrical outlets. Be aware that water (both fresh and sea water) can 

cause an electrical short, which can cause shock or fire. Watch for water around electrical 

equipment. Always seal all electrical connections that are at risk of getting wet. 

Chemicals: 

• FPC and/or Deck Boss will designate 1 person responsible for working with chemicals.

• Before working with chemicals read provided MSDS (Material Data Safety Sheet) and proper 

handling procedure for each chemical. MSDS for all chemicals should be easily accessible for 

all on board and FPC will designate their location. For Formalin, Ethanol, and GlycerolThymol solution also see section on Essential Hazardous Material Information. 

• Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): impervious protective clothing, including boots, 

gloves, lab coat, apron or coveralls, as appropriate, to prevent skin contact. 

• Use chemical safety goggles (vapor proof) and/or a full face shield where splashing is 

possible. -Maintain eye wash fountain and quick-drench facilities in work area. 

• Use provided pumps for transferring chemicals from big to small containers. 

• Always work in a well-ventilated area. 

• For accidental spills or skin contact: consult MSDS for particular chemical; also see section 

on Essential Hazard Material Information from MSDS for specific chemical. 

• Communicate your activities to those around you who may not be wearing Personal 

Protective Equipment. 

22

Setting up Equipment – Chemicals Continued:

• Educate yourself on the location and use of the eye wash station. 

• Conduct all transferring and mixing of chemicals when weather/vessel is calm (i.e. at dock, 

when anchored, when drifting in the evening). 

• Chemicals should be stored either on deck, in science lab/shack or other secured areas 

where flammable liquids may be stored. Never store chemicals or specimen samples below 

deck or in living quarters. Original cardboard packaging box for 1gal and 5 gal Formalin 

bottles should be kept dry. 

Lifting: 

• View required training video on proper lifting techniques and / or attend training. When lifting 

heavy loads: get help, break up loads to lighten, lift with legs not your back. 

Proper Stowage: 

• Keep heavy objects and boxes low to deck to maximize stability. 

• Do not stack items high since they may become unstable in rough weather. 

• Secure all loose equipment on deck, wheelhouse, office room, science lab and personal items 

in state rooms by either stowing away, tying to a fixed item, or otherwise securing to prevent 

rolling and sliding in rough weather. 

• Specimen buckets/ barrels should be securely tied down at all times. 

4. General on-deck activity: 

Hazards: 

Slippery deck conditions; noise from vessel engine, loudhailers, bells, alarms. 

Operating Procedures: 

• Wear appropriate shoes on deck for slippery/wet conditions, such as rubber boots, deck 

shoes. 

• Keep decks clear of slippery materials; if you see a spill- clean it up. 

• Hose off deck after each tow and at end of day. 

• When entering especially loud areas (i.e. the engine room) wear ear protection. 

• Avoid standing under alarm bells or speakers/ wear ear protection if unavoidable. 

• Know the difference between the various alarms / bells. 

Orientation: 

• The FPC will provide general vessel orientation with scientific personnel to identify all 

potential hazards. 

• The vessel’s captain will also give an orientation addressing emergency procedures and 

alarm bells. 

23

5. Setting net: 

Hazards: Slack wires, deploying net instruments. 

Operating Procedures: 

• Slack Wires: Scientific crew should remain in designated areas whenever winches are paying 

out/ hauling in wire. 

• Stay clear of wires, net-reels, pulleys and blocks during trawl operations. 

• Before venturing out on either the aft decks or bow to deploy or retrieve instruments, notify 

captain or crew member in charge of area. 

• Wear float coat or life jacket, hardhat and non-skid shoes when going out to aft deck to deploy 

or retrieve net instruments. 

• When carrying instruments up and down stairs use handrails for support or get help. 

6. Fishing (sampling): 

Hazards: Wires under tension, doors. 

Potential injury from gear malfunctions: broken cables, crossed wires, lost door. 

Operating Procedures: 

• During trawl operations, FPC will identify potentially hazardous areas to avoid in case of gear 

malfunction. 

• The science crew is to stay clear of these areas (i.e. under net reels, winches, trawl blocks, 

main wire, etc) as much as possible during trawl operations. 

• Use of hardhats is recommended if science crew needs to continue working on deck outside of 

shelter deck during trawl operations or when cables are under load. 

• In the event of trawl gear malfunctions: science crew should leave deck until deck crew and 

captain consider conditions safe. 

7. Haul back: 

Hazards: Broken cables, wires, and doors; retrieving net mensuration instruments. 

Operating Procedures: 

• See SOP #5: Setting Net. 

• If FPC needs to view net from aft of boat as it’s reeled in: get guidelines from captain; remain 

visible; communicate your actions; stay clear of operations. 

24

8. Surface seawater collection: 

Hazards: Heavy load when bucket is full; line may injure you if body parts are in its way when 

tossing bucket overboard; loose bucket may be in the way, potential tripping hazard. 

Operating Procedures: 

• Surface seawater collection should only be done after the doors are up and secured and wires 

have gone slack and vessel is NOT underway. 

• Tie a safety line from the bucket to rail. When launching bucket stay clear of the line and be 

cautious of fingers to avoid a crushing/pinching injury. 

• If the 5-gallon bucket is too heavy to pull alone, get help or replace with a 3-gal bucket. 

• Secure empty bucket and line away from walk ways when not in use. 

9. Weighing catch: 

Hazards: Tripping/ Slipping, getting hit / crushed by swinging cod end, carrying the load cell, 

crane hook. Volumetric measurements: slipping or other injury when in fish bin. 

Operating Procedures: 

• Scientific crew should always remain under the shelter deck unless FPC/Deck boss needs 

assistance in reading load cell weight. 

• Wear appropriate clothing: raingear, gloves, and boots. 

• Use caution when fish are spilled on deck, the conditions can become more slippery. 

Load Cell (cargo scale): 

• To avoid back strain lift with a 2 person team or crane. 

• Beware of swinging equipment from ship’s motion. 

Volumetric measurements: 

• When volumetric estimates of fish bin are necessary, use a wide board laid across the top of 

the fish catch to stand on when measuring depth of fish in bin; be very cautious of slippery 

conditions and boat motion. 

10. Dumping catch onto sorting table or into splitting bin: 

Hazards: Swinging cod end, splitting net, and totes. Hazardous species (large fish, wolffish, 

rockfish). Heavy rocks, debris. 

Operating Procedures: 

• Stay under the shelter deck until the catch is dumped on the sorting table or into the splitting 

bin. 

• Exercise caution when rocks and debris or thorny fish, large fish, wolffish, or other potentially 

dangerous organisms are present in catch. 

• See Basic First Aid At Sea techniques section for treatment of open wounds from fish spines, 

fish teeth, etc. 

25

11. Sorting catch, handling baskets: 

Hazards: Repetitive motion problems, back strain, slipping. 

Operating Procedures: 

Sorting Catch: 

• Stretch often, take breaks, switch tasks, and avoid repetitive motions. 

Lifting: 

• Use two people to lift heavy baskets. 

• Avoid lifting and twisting movements. 

• See SOP #2: Loading/Offloading. 

Dragging baskets: 

• Avoid dragging baskets while bent over. 

• Use a line or hook to drag baskets. 

Bin Sorting: 

• Bin can be slippery, use caution. 

• Always sort with two or more people in bin. 

• Use a shovel to help push fish out. 

12. Weighing baskets: 

Hazards: Back strain, slipping, dragging baskets, dumping baskets. 

Operating Procedures: 

• Watch training video on proper lifting techniques. 

• Use 2 people to lift heavy baskets. 

• Avoid overfilling baskets. 

• Lift with your legs, not your back. 

• Use a line or hook to pull baskets across deck. 

• Avoid dragging baskets while bent-over; use your legs for pulling. 

• Avoid lifting and twisting movements. 

• Watch fingers caught in basket handles when dumping fish. 

13. Collection of length-frequency data: 

Hazards: Repetitive motion problems, back strain, scalpel hazards. 

Operating Procedures: 

• Avoid repetitive motion problems and back strain. 

• See SOP #1: Sorting catch, handling baskets 

• Use Sharps container to change/ dispose of old or broken scalpel blades. 

• See Basic First Aid At Sea techniques section to treat minor injuries (cuts, fish spines,etc.) 

26

14. Collection of other biological data (otoliths, stomachs, etc): 

Hazards: Repetitive motion problems, back strain, scalpel and knife hazards, chemical spills. 

Operating Procedures: 

General: 

• Avoid repetitive motion problems and back strain. 

• See SOP #11: Sorting catch, handling baskets. 

• Use Sharps container to change/ dispose of old or broken scalpel blades. 

• Use Basic First Aid At Sea techniques section to treat minor cuts. 

Chemicals: 

• Always keep lids on chemical containers tightened (including all collection containers, buckets, 

specimen jars, otolith vials, etc.). 

• Consult the MSDS for the particular chemical. Also see section on Essential Hazardous Material 

Information . 

15. Preserving specimens: 

Hazards: Onboard use, storage and shipping of chemicals; chemical spills & splashes. Back strain. 

Operating Procedures: 

• Chemical use: See SOP #3: Setting up equipment. 

• Chemical spills: consult the MSDS for the particular chemical. Also see section on Essential 

Hazardous Material Information. 

• Chemical shipping: See Hazardous Material Chemical Shipping Guidelines. 

• Back strain: See SOP #11: Sorting catch, handling baskets. 

16. Entering confined spaces (i.e. engine room, storage rooms): 

Hazards: 

Loud equipment such as engines and heavy machinery can permanently damage hearing; 

hazardous chemical fumes can build up in machine rooms or small storage rooms; engine room 

hatch/doors can be heavy, or self closing; slips and head bumps can be common in confined 

spaces if not careful; negotiating entering and exiting can involve challenging ladders or stairs. 

Operating Procedures: 

• Communicate to someone before entering a confined space such as an engine room, 

lazarette, or other confined storage space. Keep water from entering aft lazarettes. 

• Always wear ear protection when entering engine room or other loud machinery room. 

• Work in teams of 2 to facilitate task. 

• Do not store bulk chemicals in confined spaces or below deck under any circumstances. 

• Keep one hand free for rail use when carrying loads on stairs. Engine/ machinery rooms can 

be slippery due to oils and grease residue on floors- use caution and use proper foot wear. 

27

17. Personal activities (i.e. daily living on the vessel): 

Hazards: 

Bunks; stairs on vessels; showers can be slippery; seasickness can become serious if left 

untreated; fatigue. 

Operating Procedures: 

• Bunks can be difficult to negotiate. Choose/ assign bunks with consideration to occupant’s 

height, proneness to seasickness, and ability to climb in and out of top bunks. 

• Stairs and ladders are often steep and slippery and can be more dangerous when vessel is 

rolling and pitching. Use caution and hold on to rails. Find someone to help you carry loads up 

and down stairs and ladders. 

• During rough weather, it is not advised to use the shower facilities due to slipping hazards. 

• Seasickness can become serious if left untreated, over medicated, or unsupervised. If 

prolonged, person can become dehydrated. See section on Seasickness-Information. 

NOTE: Use of personal medication: It is advised you assure yourself all your prescription 

medication (including seasickness prescriptions) are continued on a regular basis as directed 

by your physician while at sea. Often during long shifts, or night shifts, days can easily be 

confused and thus cause a falling-off a regular schedule of medication. 

• Avoid fatigue; it can lead to reckless behavior and increase hazard potentials; be considerate 

of the long working hours. 

• Assure science crew is getting enough rest. Follow RACE overtime policy for 12-hour 

workdays. 

18. Shore excursions: 

Hazards: 

Minor/ major first aid injuries, weather, stranding on shore, lack of food / water, hypothermia, skiff 

engine trouble, capsizing, wildlife, disorientation, lack of communication. 

Operating Procedures: 

Shore excursions have their own inherent hazards associated with them apart from life aboard 

the vessels. Excursions are often in remote, unpopulated locations. Resources for communication 

and first aid can be limited. Shore excursions should not be taken lightly, and should be treated as 

any formal mountaineering expedition. A minor injury can quickly become life threatening if left 

untreated. To minimize mishaps and injuries, precautions should be taken before and during the 

excursion ashore to ensure the safety of everyone involved. 

As per the AFSC small boat safety program a detailed Float Plan shall be completed before 

embarkation of a small boat operation. The following recommendations should serve as a 

checklist: Also see: Recommended List of Personal Essentials . 

Weather: 

• Only undergo shore excursions when weather permits. Rely on FPC and Captain’s discretion. 

• Pack Sensibly when going ashore, take extra clothing and rain / wind protection.

Communication: 

• When departing from vessel dockside: science crew and FPCs should use message board 

to communicate whereabouts of personnel, and update departure & return times. 

28

Shore Excursions / Communication continued:

• Complete an AFSC Small Boat Float Plan before departing mothership. This should include: 

deployment and shore departure times and locations of beach landings to and from shore; 

location of base camp; location and operation of VHS radio; location of first aid kit; and 

intended teams and routes of hiking parties. 

• Always establish a contingency plan between the captain of the vessel, its crewmembers, the 

FPC, and scientific team before departing to shore. 

Skiff engine trouble-capsizing: 

• Always assure yourself that the skiff operator is experienced and responsible; 

decline the shore party otherwise. 

• It is advised that 2 skiffs be available at any time of a shore excursion 

(i.e. if 2 vessels are anchored for shore party, each vessel should have an operational skiff). 

• Wear a flotation device such as: life jacket, float coat, or Mustang suit when traveling in skiff. 

• Assure emergency oars, boat kit, and sea anchor are in skiff and secured before departing in 

the event of outboard motor malfunction. 

• It is advised to use waterproof bags for personal belongings taken to shore, as most items in 

skiff will get wet. 

Minor / major first aid injuries: 

• Take Mini First Aid Kit and Shore Kit on shore excursions. Leave at base camp. 

• See Basic First Aid at Sea Information. 

Food / water: 

• Take extra food/ water in the event of a prolonged stay ashore. 

Stranding: 

• Always fully charge and test VHF radios before leaving boat to go ashore. 

• Pack survival suits in shore excursion supplies in the event of a prolonged stay onshore. 

• Check Shore Kit for survival supplies before leaving vessel (see Content List). 

Hypothermia: 

• Consult first aid manual for prevention and treatment. 

• See section on Emergency Contact Numbers for more advice. 

Wildlife: 

• Communication with shore party is essential. In the event of bear activity in the vicinity 

all shore party members should be made aware. Make noise to deter an attack, shout, sing, use 

whistle. 

• Stay away from wildlife. Bears, fur seals, walruses, sea lions can be encountered depending on 

location of shore excursion. They can be dangerous. Do not provoke! 

Disorientation: 

• Prevention is key. Travel in pairs with an experienced partner; if venturing alone take a VHF 

radio and / or whistle to alert someone in the event of trouble. 

29

19. End of leg clean up: 

Hazards: 

Use of power tools/equipment; hand strain w/ brushes; open hatches; electrical shock; “All

Brite” acid wash.

Operating Procedures: 

• Avoid use of power tools/ electrical equipment without a GFI (Ground Fault Interrupt) on wet 

deck. See SOP #3: Setting up Equipment. 

• Do not perform hand-aggravating action (such as scrubbing) for prolonged period of time. If 

hand strain develops: switch tasks with someone. Use pressure washer if available for clean 

up. 

• Always use caution during clean-up operations. Vessel crew may also be performing tasks 

and may inadvertently leave hatches open that are normally closed. 

• When using electrical equipment on deck (such as pressure washer, power tools, etc) 

always use GFI (Ground Fault Interrupt) and use caution around wet decks. 

• Part of vessel cleaning by crew at the end of a leg involves the use of a degreasing 

chemical (often called “All Brite”). This substance is caustic and a skin and eye irritant. 

Always request that crew notify unsuspecting scientific crew on deck prior to use. Avoid 

contact by retreating to indoor duties while crew is using this product. In the event of skin 

contact rinse affected area with water. If contact is with eyes flush with eyewash for 

minimum of 15 minutes; see Basic First Aid at Sea Techniques (pg. 45) and notify your 

FPC. 

30

FLOAT PLAN


The following Survey Float Plan (Fig. 4) and Equipment List (Fig. 5) complies with the AFSC (Alaska

Fisheries Science Center) Small Boat Safety Program requirements.

A Float Plan needs to be completed before any departure ashore via skiff or other small boat on

shore excursions and the items on the equipment list need to be verified. These forms can be found

on the Safety & Emergency Documents CD provided to survey vessels. An electronic copy or a hard

copy of completed forms should return to Seattle. A copy of these forms can also be found in the

Appendix of this manual.

PAGE 1 of 2 RACE Survey Float Plan

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

National Marine Fisheries Service

Alaska Fisheries Science Center

Date:_____________ Vessel:__________________________________________

Name of Captain:____________________________________________________

Name of FPC:_______________________________________________________

Name of Safety Leader: _______________________________________________

Names of personnel on shore excursion: Able to swim? Depature / Return (Time & Location)

1.__________________________________

2.__________________________________

3.__________________________________

4.__________________________________

5.__________________________________

6.__________________________________

7.__________________________________

8.__________________________________

9.__________________________________

10._________________________________

Small boat

description:

Model:

Length:

Width:

Draft:

Engine type:

Fuel on board:

Boat operator:

Experience

level:

Additional Information:

(yes/ no) _________________________________

Y N ________________________________

Y N ________________________________

Y N ________________________________

Y N _________________________________

Y N _________________________________

Y N _________________________________

Y N _________________________________

Y N __________________________________

Y N __________________________________

Y N __________________________________

Equipment Checklist

(Required by U.S. Coast Guard)

_____ PFD’s

One Coast Guard Approved type I, II, or III

life preserver or buoyant vest for each

person aboard.

______ EPIRB

_____ Anchor

7 1⁄2 lb. with 6ft chain lead, and anchor line

_____ Oars or Paddles

or other means of secondary propulsion.

_____ Medical Kit (check shore kit)

_____ Whistle or Horn

One hand, mouth, or power operated

whistle or horn, audible at least 1⁄2

mile.

______ Bilge pump

or hand bailer.

Fig. 4 RACE Summer Survey Float Plan. This form can be found on the Safety & Emergency 

Documents CD provided to survey vessels. An electronic copy or hard copy of completed 

form should return to Seattle. Also see full sized version in Appendix. 

31

FLOAT PLAN Continued:


Page 2 of 2 RACE Survey Float Plan Suggested and Recommended 

Equipment List by AFSC: 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration


National Marine Fisheries Service


Alaska Fisheries Science Center


Survival suits (not necessary for dockside transport/ only for shore excursions) 

Radar reflector/ transponder (SART) 

Additional Radios: (frequency monitored: __________) 

Orange flag w/pole to mark base camp 

Hand held GPS unit 

Fire extinguisher 

Extra food 

Extra water 

AFSC Shore Kit Contents: 

1. VHS Radio: verify full charge and 

Frequency monitored: ____________ 

2. Flashlight: take extra batteries 

3. Emergency blankets 

4. First Aid supplies 

5. Scissors 

6. Signaling flares 

7. Distress flag 

8. Signaling mirror 

9. Whistle 

10. Knife 

11. Compass 

12. Leatherman tool 

13. Fishing hooks and line 

14. Toilet paper 

15. Fire starters 

16. Sterno cooking fuel & stove 

17. Boullion cubes 

18. Snare Wire 

19. 4 MRE (Meals Ready to Eat) 

20. Mess kit and utensils 

21. Potable water tables. 

22. 3L drinking water 

23. McMurdo Personal EPIRB 

AFSC Small Boat (Shore) Kit: 

Fig. 5 RACE Survey Float Plan Equipment List. This form can be found on the Safety & 

Emergency Documents CD provided to survey vessels. An electronic copy or hard copy of 

completed form should return to Seattle. Also see Appendix. 

RECOMMENDED PERSONAL ESSENTIALS FOR SHORE EXCURSIONS: 

~Be prepared to spend the night!

1. Raingear and rubber boots

2. Daypack

3. Whistle

4. Extra clothes with synthetic insulating layer

including socks, gloves and a hat!

5. Plastic garbage bags, visqueen, duct tape,

6. Light line or cord

7. Matches in waterproof container

8. Fire starter sticks

9. Waterproof flashlight

10. Emergency food

11. Water

12. Space blanket

13. Toilet paper, packed in zip lock bag

14. Personal first aid kit

15. Knife or Leatherman type tool

16. Watch

17. Compass

32

_______________________________________________________________________________ 

ESSENTIAL HAZARDOUS MATERIAL INFORMATION


The following pages contain pertinent information taken from MSDS (Materials Safety Data Sheets) 

concerning the most often used chemicals during AFSC surveys. These pages are intended to be 

used for educational purposes only by the scientific crew and should not be used instead of MSDS. 

Read the MSDS before working with the chemicals and refer to them in an emergency situation. 

FORMALDEHYDE 

100% FORMALIN (full strength) = (37% FORMALDEHYDE) 

10% FORMALIN (diluted) = (~4% FORMALDEHYDE) 

Hazards Identification: 

POISON! DANGER! SUSPECT CANCER HAZARD. MAY CAUSE CANCER. Risk of cancer 

depends on level and duration of exposure. VAPOR HARMFUL. HARMFUL IF INHALED 

OR ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN. CAUSES IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES AND 

RESPIRATORY TRACT. STRONG SENSITIZER. MAY BE FATAL OR CAUSE BLINDNESS 

IF SWALLOWED. CANNOT BE MADE NONPOISONOUS. FLAMMABLE LIQUID AND 

VAPOR. (10% FORMALIN CONSIDERED COMBUSTIBLE). 

Potential Health Effects: 

The perception of formaldehyde by odor and eye irritation becomes less sensitive with time as 

one adapts to formaldehyde. This can lead to overexposure if a worker is relying on 

formaldehyde's warning properties to alert him or her to the potential for exposure. 

Inhalation: 

May cause sore throat, coughing, and shortness of breath. Causes irritation and sensitization 

of the respiratory tract. Concentrations of 25 to 30 PPM cause severe respiratory tract injury 

leading to pulmonary edema and pneumonitis. May be fatal in high concentrations. 

Ingestion: 

Can cause severe abdominal pain, violent vomiting, headache, and diarrhea. Larger doses 

may produce decreased body temperature, pain in the digestive tract, shallow respiration, 

weak irregular pulse, unconsciousness and death. Methanol component affects the optic nerve 

and may cause blindness. 

Skin Contact: 

Toxic. May cause irritation to skin with redness, pain, and possibly burns. Skin absorption may 

occur with symptoms paralleling those from ingestion. Formaldehyde is a severe skin irritant 

and sensitizer. Contact causes white discoloration, smarting, cracking and scaling. 

Eye Contact: 

Vapors cause irritation to the eyes with redness, pain, and blurred vision. Higher 

concentrations or splashes may cause irreversible eye damage. 

33

_____________________________________________________________ 

FORMALDEHYDE continued: 

Chronic Exposure: 

Frequent or prolonged exposure to formaldehyde may cause hypersensitivity leading to 

contact dermatitis. Repeated or prolonged skin contact with formaldehyde may cause an 

allergic reaction in some people. Vision impairment and enlargement of liver may occur from 

methanol component. Formaldehyde is a suspected carcinogen (positive animal inhalation 

studies). 

Aggravation of Pre-existing Conditions: 

Persons with pre-existing skin disorders or eye problems, or impaired liver, kidney or 

respiratory function may be more susceptible to the effects of the substance. Previously 

exposed persons may have an allergic reaction to future exposures. 

First Aid Measures: 

Inhalation: 

Remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give 

oxygen. Call a physician. 

Ingestion: 

If swallowed and the victim is conscious, dilute, inactivate, or absorb the ingested 

formaldehyde by giving milk, activated charcoal, or water. Any organic material will inactivate 

formaldehyde. Keep affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention immediately. If 

vomiting occurs, keep head lower than hips. 

Skin Contact: 

In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while 

removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean 

shoes before reuse. Get medical attention immediately. 

Eye Contact: 

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting lower and upper 

eyelids occasionally. Consult MSDS. Get medical attention immediately; continue flushing 

eyes. See sections on Emergency Contact Information and Basic First Aid at Sea. 

Spill Release Procedures: 

If spill occurred on outside deck of ship, and quantity of Formalin spilled is less than 5gal you 

may dilute spill and wash chemical from deck using a water hose. Use caution and avoid 

splashing and spreading chemical. 

Ventilate area of leak or spill. Remove all sources of ignition. Wear appropriate personal 

protective equipment as specified in Section 8 of MSDS. Isolate hazard area. Keep 

unnecessary and unprotected personnel from entering. Contain and recover liquid when 

possible (unless washed from deck). Use non-sparking tools and equipment. Collect liquid in 

an appropriate container or absorb with an inert material (e. g., vermiculite, dry sand, earth), 

and place in a chemical waste container. Do not use combustible materials, such as 

sawdust. Do not flush to sewer! 

34

______________________________________________________________ 

FORMALDEHYDE continued: 

Section 102a of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act 

(CERCLA) requires the reporting of hazardous substance spills and releases to soil, water and air in 

excess of reportable quantities (RQ). In the case of Formaldehyde the RQ is 100 Lbs (45.4Kg), 

which translates to approximately 12.5 gal. Any spill at sea larger than this amount must be 

reported. 

The toll free number for the US Coast Guard National Response Center is (800) 424-8802. If a leak 

or spill has not ignited, use water spray to disperse the vapors, to protect personnel attempting to 

stop leak, and to flush spills away from exposures. 

Handling and Storage: 

Store in a tightly closed container. Protect against physical damage. Store in a cool (no less 

than 50o F), dry, well-ventilated location, away from any area where the fire hazard may be 

acute. Outside or detached storage is preferred. Separate from incompatibles such as acids 

and oxidizers. Containers should be bonded and grounded for transfers to avoid static 

sparks. Storage and use areas should be Non Smoking designated areas. 

Use non-sparking type tools and equipment. Wear special protective equipment (Sec. 8 

MSDS. Avoid cross-contamination of street clothes. Wash hands before eating and do not 

eat, drink, or smoke in workplace. 

Protect from freezing. Containers of this material may be hazardous when empty since they 

retain product residues (vapors, liquid); observe all warnings and precautions listed for the 

product. 

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection 

Skin Protection: 

Wear impervious protective clothing, including boots, gloves (rubber, neoprene, PVC or 

equivalent), lab coat, apron or coveralls, PVC raingear, as appropriate to prevent skin 

contact. 

Eye Protection: 

Always use chemical safety goggles (vapor proof) and/or a full face shield where 

splashing is possible. Maintain eye wash fountain and quick-drench facilities in work 

area. 

Other Formaldehyde Control Measures: 

See OSHA Standard for more information on personal protective equipment, engineering 

and work practice controls, medical surveillance, record keeping, and reporting 

requirements. (29 CFR 1910.1048) 

Shipping 

See section on Hazardous Chemical Material Shipping Guidelines. 

Disposal 

See Survey Operations Manual for proper disposal. 

35

______________________________________________________________________________ 

ETHANOL (ethyl alcohol)


Potential Health Effects: 

Ethanol is highly flammable. Target organs: eyes, liver, kidneys, nerves. Acute: 

concentrations below 1,000 PPM usually produce no signs of intoxication. Exposure to 

concentrations over 1,000 PPM may cause headache, irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, 

and if continued for an hour, drowsiness and lassitude, loss of appetite and inability to 

concentrate. 

First Aid Measures: 

Eye Contact: 

Flush with water for 15 minutes, raising and lowering eyelids occasionally. Get medical 

attention if irritation persists. See section on Basic First Aid at Sea. 

Skin Contact:


Remove contaminated clothes. Wash exposed skin area thoroughly for at least 15 minutes.


Get medical attention if irritation persists. Launder contaminated clothing before reuse.


Inhalation: 

Move to fresh air. Give oxygen if breathing is difficult. Give artificial respiration if breathing 

has stopped. Get medical attention. 

Ingestion: 

If conscious, give plenty of water. Get immediate medical attention or call poison control for 

assistance. 

Exposure Controls / Personal Protection: 

Protective gloves: 

Rubber, neoprene, PVC or equivalent. 

Eye protection: 

Splash proof chemical safety goggles should be worn at all times. 

Other protective equipment: 

Lab coat, eye wash station and safety shower. 

Work hygienic practices: 

Wash hands after handling and before eating, drinking, or smoking. Launder contaminated 

clothes before reuse. 

36

______________________________________________________________________________ 

________________________________________________________________________________ 

ETHANOL continued: 

Spill Release Procedures: 

Eliminate all sources of ignition. If spill occurred on outside deck of ship, and quantity of 

Ethanol spilled is less than 5gal you may dilute spill and wash chemical from deck using a 

water hose. Use caution and avoid splashing and spreading chemical. 

Ventilate area of spill. Contain spilled material (unless otherwise rinsed off). Dilute to 

nonflammable 

mixture with water. Contain and collect for disposal. 

Handling and Storage: 

Store in tightly closed containers. Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flame. Store in a 

cool, dry, place. 

Shipping: 

See section on Hazardous Chemical Material Shipping Guidelines. 

Disposal: 

According to the USCG and State of Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation 

(DEC) requirements, ethanol can be discharged in waters more than 3 miles offshore 

(dilution not necessary). In waters less than 3 miles offshore, ethanol cannot be discharged 

and must be retained for proper disposal. 

37

______________________________________________________________________________ 

--------------------------

GLYCEROL (At sea as Glycerol- Thymol Solution) 

Hazards Identification 

Emergency Overview 

CAUTION! MAY CAUSE IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES, AND RESPIRATORY TRACT.


MAY AFFECT KIDNEYS.


Potential Health Effects 

Inhalation: 

Due to the low vapor pressure, inhalation of the vapors at room temperatures is unlikely. 

Inhalation of mist may cause irritation of respiratory tract. 

Ingestion: 

Low toxicity. May cause nausea, headache, and diarrhea. 

Skin Contact: 

May cause irritation. 

Eye Contact: 

May cause irritation. 

Chronic Exposure: 

May cause kidney injury. 

Aggravation of Pre-existing Conditions: 

Persons with pre-existing skin disorders or eye problems or impaired liver or kidney function 

may be more susceptible to the effects of the substance. 

First Aid Measures 

Inhalation: 

Remove to fresh air. Get medical attention for any breathing difficulty. 

Ingestion: 

Induce vomiting immediately as directed by medical personnel. Never give anything by 

mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical attention. 

Skin Contact: 

Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated 

clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. 

Get medical attention if irritation develops. 

38

_______________________________________________________________________ 

_______________________________________________________________________________ 

GLYCEROL continued: 

Eye Contact: 

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower 

eyelids occasionally. Get medical attention if irritation persists. See section on Basic First 

Aid at Sea. 

Spill Release Measures: 

Ventilate area of leak or spill. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment as 

specified in Section 8 of MSDS. Contain and recover liquid when possible. Collect liquid 

in an appropriate container or absorb with an inert material (e. g., vermiculite, dry sand, 

earth), and place in a chemical waste container. Do not use combustible materials, such 

as sawdust. Do not flush to sewer! 

If spill occurred on outside deck of ship, and quantity of Glycerol-Thymol Solution spilled is 

less than 5gal you may dilute spill and wash chemical from deck using a water hose. Use 

caution and avoid splashing and spreading chemical. 

Exposure Controls / Personal Protection: 

Skin Protection: 

Wear protective gloves and clean body-covering clothing. 

Eye Protection: 

Use chemical safety goggles. Maintain eye wash fountain and quick-drench facilities in work 

area. 

Handling and Storage: 

Keep in a tightly closed container, stored in a cool, dry, ventilated area. Protect against 

physical damage. Isolate from incompatible substances such as strong oxidizers. 

Containers of this material may be hazardous when empty since they retain product 

residues (vapors, liquid); observe all warnings and precautions listed for the product. 

Shipping: 

See section on Hazardous Chemical Material Shipping Guidelines. 

Disposal: 

See Survey Operations Manual for proper disposal. 

39

________________________________________________________________________________ 

THYMOL (At sea as Glycerol-Thymol Solution) 

Hazards Identification 

WARNING! HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED. MAY BE HARMFUL IF INHALED. AFFECTS


CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. MAY CAUSE IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES, AND


RESPIRATORY TRACT.


Potential Health Effects : 

This compound resembles phenol in its systemic actions, but is less toxic because it is 

almost insoluble. 

Inhalation: 

May cause irritation to the respiratory tract. Symptoms may include coughing and shortness 

of breath. May be absorbed into the bloodstream with symptoms similar to ingestion. 

Ingestion: 

Produces abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, central hyperactivity (e.g., talkativeness), and 

occasionally convulsions, coma and cardiac and respiratory collapse. Oils and alcohols may 

promote absorption into the body. May cause kidney and liver damage. 

Skin Contact: 

May cause irritation with redness and pain. 

Eye Contact: 

May cause irritation, redness and pain. 

Chronic Exposure: 

No information found. 

Aggravation of Pre-existing Conditions: 

No information found. 

Note: 

The AFSC uses Thymol mixed into a solution called Flatfish Solution. It is a preserving 

medium for storing flatfish otoliths. Flatfish solution is comprised of 50% glycerol, 50% 

thymol, and trace amounts of ethanol (used to dissolve the Thymol crystals). 

First Aid Measures: 

Inhalation: 

Remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give 

oxygen. Get medical attention. 

Ingestion: 

Give large amounts of water to drink. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious 

person. Get medical attention. 

40

________________________________________________________________________________ 

THYMOL continued:


Skin Contact: 

Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated 

clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. 

Get medical attention if irritation develops. 

Eye Contact: 

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower 

eyelids occasionally. Get medical attention if irritation persists. See section on Basic First 

Aid at Sea. 

Spill Release Measures: 

Remove all sources of ignition. Ventilate area of leak or spill. Keep unnecessary and 

unprotected people away from area of spill. Wear appropriate personal protective 

equipment as specified in Section 8 of MSDS. Spills: Pick up and place in a suitable 

container for reclamation or disposal, using a method that does not generate dust. 

If spill occurred on outside deck of ship, and quantity of Glycerol-Thymol Solution spilled is 

less than 5gal you may dilute spill and wash chemical from deck using a water hose. Use 

caution and avoid splashing and spreading chemical. 

Exposure Controls / Personal Protection: 

Skin Protection: 

Wear protective gloves and clean body-covering clothing. 

Eye Protection: 

Use chemical safety goggles. Maintain eye wash fountain and quick-drench facilities in work 

area. 

Handling and Storage: 

Keep in a tightly closed container, stored in a cool, dry, ventilated area. Protect against 

physical damage. Isolate from any source of heat or ignition. Isolate from incompatible 

substances. Containers of this material may be hazardous when empty since they retain 

product residues (dust, solids); observe all warnings and precautions listed for the 

product. 

Shipping: 

See section on Hazardous Chemical Material Shipping Guidelines. 

Disposal: 

See Survey Operations Manual for proper disposal. 

41

42

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL MATERIAL 

SHIPPING GUIDELINES 

The guidelines below are provided to ensure that you safely transport and ship hazardous materials 

(such as specimen samples stored in Ethanol, Formalin, or Glycerol-Thymol solution) and comply 

with applicable federal regulations. 

REMEMBER: Only personnel that have completed the annual training for shipping and transporting 

hazardous materials should be packing and shipping these materials. 

Shipping HazMat Chemicals By Air: 

In general, NOAA discourages staff from traveling 

with or shipping hazardous materials by air. 

However, if air transport is required, the following 

guidelines apply: 

1. Hazardous Materials (Chemicals) may not be packed in checked or carry-on baggage 

or taken aboard a commercial flight. For more information, contact the airline you are 

using. 

2. Specific requirements must be followed when air cargo shipping dangerous goods. 

The requirements include the proper classification of hazardous material, proper 

packaging, labeling, and documentation. Commercial airlines will hold you 

responsible and liable for any damages, contamination, or costs associated with any 

spill or leakage. See examples in next section for proper labeling. 

3. For “Limited Quantities” of certain chemicals the shipping/ cargo companies will take 

packages providing: 

• You state the contents 

• The amount of ethanol totals a “limited quantity” which is acceptable for 

shipping. 

• Each vial is sealed and within an overpack container which are wrapped 

inside a plastic bag within the cardboard shipping box. 

4. If you plan to use a commercial air cargo carrier to ship dangerous goods, (such as 

coolers or buckets containing samples that are preserved in ethanol), please follow 

the guidelines in the section. 

5. For information on approved and prohibited items that can be taken aboard a 

commercial airplane please visit the Transportation Security Authority web page at: 

www. TSATravelTips.us or call the Consumer Response Center toll-free 1-800-866­

289-9673. 

Chemicals on board ~ Transporting HazMat Chemicals by water: 

(i.e. by boat during field operations) 

• Ensure that hazardous materials are 

properly packaged and stored. 

• Clearly label and mark containers that 

hold hazardous materials. 

• Provide MSDS information. 
Packing Groups and Limited Quantities (for ground shipping/ transportation): 

• The Packing Group for a chemical indicates the degree of hazard associated with its 

transportation. The highest group is Group I (great danger); Group II is next (medium 

danger), while Group III chemicals present the lowest hazard (minor danger). Packing 

Groups are often shown on MSDS data sheets for chemicals under the heading 

"Transport Information". 

• Limited Quantities are the maximum allowable quantities of certain designated hazardous 

materials that can be shipped. Specific guidelines apply; please see the following sections 

for more detail instructions on packaging and labeling. 

Packing Groups: Limited Quantities: 

Glycerol = Not regulated by DOT none 

Thymol = Packing group III 60L Air Cargo 

Formaldehyde (37%) = Packing Group III / Hazard Class 3 60L Air Cargo 

Formalin (10%) = Not regulated by DOT / Hazard Class 9 none 

Ethanol (>10%)= Packing Group II / Hazard Class 3 60L Air Cargo 

Shipping HazMat Chemicals by ground transport (Barge): 

Using a barge-shipping courier to ship HazMat chemicals 

is the safest, most economical method. 

~ Samples shipped in 10% Formalin are unregulated by DOT therefore can be shipped in 

any amount (i.e. REFM stomach collection buckets, RACE voucher collection specimen). 

~ Samples shipped in flammable liquids (Ethanol and EtoH Solution): 

1. Can be in standard plastic (Nalgene) or glass containers. 

2. Lids must be sealed tight with plastic tape (not applicable for otolith vials). 

3. Sample bottles must be packed in another container (overpack), such as a 

cooler for larger containers or plastic bag tightly sealed (i.e. otolith trays). 

4. Single Packaging (each discrete package): drums and pails, that are DOT 

approved. Each single packaging must not exceed 7 gallons in volume (or 

30kg/ 66lbs in gross weight). 

5. Above contents must be shipped in a cardboard box, with proper labeling (see pg 

43). Note: consult specific specimen-shipping preferences by principal 

investigator. Alternative methods for shipping may be acceptable, such as 

draining ethanol from specimen prior to shipping and inserting moist paper 

towels between specimen samples. 

6. When shipping Hazardous Material to and from NOAA / NMFS by barge (land or 

sea) a Dangerous Goods Declaration Form must be completed. The form 

contains pertinent information of shipped HazMat. Chemtech (#800-424-9300) 

traces the shipment 24hr/7 days. 

FTS 

SeaLand 

Sampson Tug & Barge Western Pioneer

43

Labeling and Marking Requirements for Ethanol:


•	 Limited quantity (maximum allowable) containers can be either glass or nalgene. 

•	 Individual containers must be labeled and lids sealed with tape (i.e. electrical tape) does not 

apply for otolith vials. 

•	 Containers must be packed in strong, DOT approved secondary container (i.e. 5 gal bucket 

w/ uncut lid), Or: 

•	 Outer cardboard packing must be DOT approved cardboard box and must be labeled 

properly (see below). 

•	 All shipped flammable liquids must be declared in shipping papers or cargo manifests. 

Step 1: Packaging Otolith Trays: 

•	 Scrub and Dry each otolith tray before packing. 

•	 Place 2-3 paper towels inside each tray to absorb any moisture. Tape each tray shut. 

•	 Place 3 or fewer otolith trays inside a provided plastic bag, seal and insert into packing box. 

Step 2: Labeling: 

•	 Complete and affix to package the following: 

This label complies with the 

IATA (International Air Transport 

Association) requirements for 

shipping dangerous goods in excepted 

limited quantities. 

This “Danger-Do Not Load In Passenger Aircraft” label 

provides a quick reference for shipping personnel. Label 

meets the requirements in IATA, ICAO and 49CFR for 

containers accepted by cargo air only. 

NOAA/ WRC 

7600 Sand Point Way NE 

F/ AKC 1 

Seattle, WA 98115 

ATTN: Erika Acuna Bldg.4 

Contents: Biological Samples in 

50% Ethanol Solution 6.3L 

Fill out:

(a.) Flammable Liquid Label: (b.) Mailing Label: 

(c.) Cargo Only Label: 

(d.) Excepted Limited Quantity Label: 

44

Step 3: Shipping:


Use Penn Air- Air Cargo and tell them you are a “Known Shipper” for NOAA/ NMFS. The 

package contains acceptable limited quantity of Haz Mat chemical (<60 L) and Biological Samples 

which are properly packaged. Fill out a Shipping Paper (given to you by the air cargo office): 

Example of a Shipping Label: 

Penn Air Air 

Cargo 1234 

Ship Lane 

Dutch Harbor, 

AK 12345 

Shipping 

To: 

NOAA / WRC 

7600 Sand Point Way NE 

F/ AKC 1 

Seattle, WA 98115 

ATTN: Erika Acuna Bldg 4 

Item Num. Units Shipping Description Total 

Quantity 

1 1 Ethanol Solution, 3, UN1170, PG II 6.3L 

Biological Samples in 50% EtoH 

Ensure 

proper 

HazMat 

Shipping 

codes. 

Each boxed package of otolith trays contains a maximum of: 

• 140 vials @ 15ml each / per tray = 2.1L total volume of EtOH per tray. 

• X 3 trays per box = 6.3L Total Volume EtOH per shipping box. 

Relevant Shipping Information Phone Numbers: 

Alaska / Penn Air/ Air Cargo (Anchorage): 907-266-7804 

Alaska Air: 800-252-75247 

Factory Trawler Supply (FTS): 907-581-2490 

Western Pioneer: 907-581-4404 

45

________________________________________________________________________________ 

Labeling and Marking Requirements for Formalin:


•	 Not regulated by DOT in diluted 10% strength. 

•	 Combination packaging is recommended to minimize the possibility of release. 

•	 Containers should be tightly sealed (i.e. 5 gal bucket sealed with an un-cut lid) 

•	 No overpack required. 

•	 Each single packaging must not exceed 7 gallons in volume (or 30 kg /66 lbs in 

gross weight). 

•	 Label contents. 

Example of Bucket Label:
 10% Formalin 

P.Cod Stomach Samples 

Vessel (Arcturus) -Cruise Year (2004-01) 

Collector: John Doe 

NMFS / REFM 

•	 Each single packaging must not exceed 7 gallons in volume (or 30 kg /66 lbs in 

gross weight). 

•	 If original manufacturers packaging is intact, it may be re-used for shipping. 

•	 Label with DOT code. 

Example of proper shipping label:


Flammable Liquid Label 

46 

Contents: 37% Formaldehyde 

Hazard Class: 3, UN1198, PG III 

Quantity: 3x 1L bottles = 3L Total 

What is it? 

DOT code? 

How much? 
BASIC FIRST AID AT SEA


Daily routine activities at sea, associated with biological sampling and routine on-deck activities; 

incur a certain number of “common” but minor injuries. These injuries are defined as non-life 

threatening. The following section provides a quick reference for such mishaps. In all cases, 

regardless how minor they seem initially, maintain a diligent watch over the wound / injury; report to 

your FPC if injury/ wound worsens in condition; seek medical attention should the condition not 

improve. 

1. Cuts & wounds: 

Stop the bleeding as soon as possible by applying pressure to the wound with a clean dry 

gauze. If direct pressure does not stop the bleeding, elevate the affected limb. Continue to 

apply pressure and continue to apply gauze until the bleeding stops (do not remove blood 

soaked gauze, but keep applying new gauze on top of old.) 

After bleeding stops clean the wound thoroughly with antiseptic soap such as 10% PovidoneIodine (1% Iodine) or hand soap and water. Apply antibiotic ointment such as Neosporin to 

and around the wound and apply clean dressing gauze. Bandage the wound with clean dry 

roller gauze and protect the wound from contamination. 

Change dressings daily and note any negative change in the wound condition (such as 

severe pain, redness, swelling, or puss accumulation) to your FPC. Seek medical attention 

once in port. 

2. Foreign object in eyes: 

Fish scales are an occasional problem when they get into the eyes, and can be quite painful. 

Flush the affected eye with the eyewash bottles provided until the scale is out. A small 4­

ounce eyewash bottle should be provided to the injured party for follow up flushing. Maintain 

vigilance that affected eye does not become infected. If persistent irritation does not subside 

seek medical attention once in port. 

Sawdust: Similar to fish scales, sawdust from power saws can easily get into eyes without 

proper eye protection. Treatment is the same as above: flush out eyes with eyewash 

solution. 

Chemicals: Any accidental eye contact with chemicals should be immediately flushed with 

eye wash solution for a minimum of 15 minutes. Acquire the MSDS for that particular 

chemical and follow the first aid measures. If the chemical is formalin continue flushing and 

contact emergency medical personnel. 

Do not stop flushing the eyes; continue with fresh drinking water when eye wash solution 

runs out. Some chemicals can have a prolonged effect on the eyes; do not underestimate the 

amount of flushing required. Seek medical attention once in port. 

3. Reporting Injuries: 

Do not conceal work-related injuries, report them to your FPC and get medical attention. A 

minor injury can turn serious if left unattended, or improperly treated. The Safety Committee 

is tracking “near misses” by way of the RACE/REFM Injury At Sea Report Form to assess 

potential hazards at sea and to revise this safety document. 

47

4. Additional Information:


Instructions for treating more serious injuries are in the First Aid Manual in your First Aid Kit. 

5. Injury report forms: 

NOAA Report of Injury, Illness, Accident or Fatality Form (CD-137) needs to be completed 

with as much information as possible. In addition, the vessels may have company injury 

claim forms that will also be required to be completed. 

48

�Emergency Care Center for Various Alaskan Ports: 

The following information is provided for use in the event of an injury or illness that requires

additional medical advise from a medical professional. Most survey vessels come equipped with cell

phone capability that can be used to contact these numbers.

Adak 

Adak Voulunteer Fire Department 

(907) 592-4145 

Adak Clinic (907) 592-8383 

Akutan 

Akutan First Responders 

(907) 698-2208 

24hr dispatch (907) 698-2315 

Atka 

Atka City EMS 

(907) 839-2214 

Chignik 

Chignik Bay Subregional Clinic 

(907) 749-2282 

Cordova 

Cordova Medical Center 

(907) 424-8000 

False Pass 

False Pass First Responders 

(907) 548-2241 

Stand-by on VHF ch.6 

Homer 

Providence Kodiak Is. Medical Center

(907) 486­3281

Ketchikan 

Ketchikan General Hospital 

(907) 228-8300 x 7300 

USCG Emergency Support 

(907) 228­0320

Kodiak 

Kodiak Fire Department

(907) 486­8040

Kodiak Hospital

(907) 486­9578

Seward

Bear Creek Fire Service

24hr dispatch (907) 224­3338

Sitka

Sitka Fire Department

24hr dispatch (907) 747­3245

Sitka Coast Guard Air Station

Medical Officer (907) 966­5430

St. George Is. 

St. George Clinic

(907) 859­2254 or 2260

St. Paul Is. 

St. Paul Clinic (907) 546-2310 

24hr Public Safety (907) 546-3130 

Sand Point 

Sand Point EMS 

(907) 383-3700 or 4111 

Unalaska (Dutch Harbor) 

Unalaska Fire / EMS

24hr dispatch (907) 581­1233

Unalaska Clinic (907) 581­1202

Yakutat 

Volunteer EMS Rescue 

(907) 784-3206 

49 

By dialing 1-800-478-5555 

on a TAG phone or 

∗CG on a cell phone 

you can be connected to the 

USCG Search and Rescue 

Center in Alaska. 
REPETETIVE MOTION INJURIES & BACK STRAIN


Repetitive motion and lower back injuries are among the most common 

injuries in the United States. All of these disorders are made worse by the 

repetitive actions of daily living or working. Repetitive motion injuries 

make up over 50% of all athletic-related injuries seen by doctors and 

result in huge losses in terms of cost to the workforce. 

Repetitive motion disorders develop because of microscopic tears in the 

tissue. When the body is unable to repair the tears in the tissue as fast as 

they are being made, inflammation occurs, leading to the sensation of 

pain.


The most common types of repetitive motion injuries are tendonitis and 

bursitis. Lower back injuries as a result from improper lifting techniques are 

also common. All are predictable and preventable injuries. The following 

section helps define the injury types and their causes. The section that 

follows offers some advice on how to prevent these injuries. 

When to seek medical attention: 

•	 When to call the doctor: 

•	 Pain with movement of arms and 

legs. 

•	 Tenderness over a joint or where a 

tendon connects Redness and 

increased warmth over joint. 

•	 Pain that wakes you from sleep. 

•	 Inability to sleep on affected side. 

•	 Inability to carry on normal activities 

of daily living (such as brushing your 

teeth or taking a shower). 

•	 When to go to the hospital: 

•	 Certain signs and symptoms may 

mean that you have an infection 

and should be seen by a doctor 

immediately. 

•	 Joint pain or tenderness that is 

associated with fever, chills, 

nausea, or vomiting. 

•	 If more than 1 joint is involved at 

the same time or the joint pain 

migrates from 1 joint to another. 

•	 Any severe joint pain also needs a 

visit to your hospital’s emergency 

department. 

50

Repetitive Motion Injuries Treatment and Prevention:


Self-Care at Home


•	 Home care for a painful or swollen joint should include elevation. Rest, ice, and elevate 

your arm or leg. Ice can also be used for relief of pain and swelling. 

•	 Most authorities recommend icing 2-3 times a day for 20-30 minutes each time. 

•	 Wrap ice or a bag of frozen vegetables in a towel and place it on the area. 

•	 If your shoulder is involved, you should not keep it immobile for more than 24-48 hours 

because your shoulder may become frozen and have decreased range of motion. 

•	 Tendonitis is best treated with immobilization and ice during the early phase and moist 

heat during the long-term phase. 

•	 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, such as aspirin, naproxen, or ibuprofen) 

may be used to reduce the inflammation. All NSAIDs should be taken with meals to 

avoid stomach upset. 

•	 You should begin graduated range-of-motion exercise once your symptoms begin to 

improve. 

Prevention 

•	 The prevention of tendonitis and bursitis is similar in most respects. 

•	 Do adequate warm-up and cool-down maneuvers (crucial to proper tendon and 

bursae health). 

•	 Avoid activity that makes your injury flare up. This will speed healing of both tendonitis 

and bursitis. 

•	 Practice range-of-motion exercises, especially in tendonitis. These are important to 

ensure minimal decrease in function. 

•	 Use splints or bands to decrease the strain on a tendon that occurs with sporting 

activities, such as tennis and golf. These devices may be bought over-the-counter or 

obtained from your doctor. 

51

TENDONITIS: 

•	 The most common symptom associated with tendonitis is pain over the site involved. 

Tendonitis is made worse by active motion of the inflamed tendon. The skin overlying the 

inflamed tendon may be red and warm to the touch. 

o	 Biceps: The painful spot is usually in the groove where the arm meets the 

shoulder. You can reproduce the pain by flexing your elbow at 90°and trying to turn 

your hand palm up (called supination) against resistance. 

o	 Tennis elbow: This pain is in the elbow and is reproduced by cocking your wrist 

back (extending the wrist) as if you are bringing a tennis racket back to hit the ball. 

o	 Golfer’s elbow: This pain also occurs in the elbow but is made worse by flexing the 

wrist forward as if you are hitting a golf ball. 

o	 Rotator cuff: Raising your arm out to the side reproduces this pain. The painful 

area is usually over the affected shoulder. 

How Tendonitis Occurs: 

A tendon is the end part of a muscle that attaches the muscle to the bone. The normally 

very elastic and soft muscle tapers off at the end to form the much more dense and stiff tendon. 

While this density makes the tendons stronger, the lack of elasticity of the tendon and the 

constant pulling on its attachment to the bone with movement, makes it much more susceptible to 

a low level of tearing at a microscopic level. This tearing will produce the inflammation and 

irritation known as tendonitis. Tendonitis is usually seen after excessive repetitive movement with 

which the tendon gradually becomes tighter until the fibers start to tear. 

Common Areas of Tendon inflammation: 

The most common tendon areas that become inflamed are the elbow, wrist, biceps, shoulder 

(including rotator cuff attachments), leg, knee (patellar), ankle, hip, and Achilles. Of course, 

tendonitis will vary with each person, as it strikes the areas you use most. 

Some common type of tendonitis include: 

•	 Rotator Cuff Tendonitis 

•	 Wrist Tendonitis 

•	 Tennis Elbow - Elbow Tendonitis 

•	 Posterior Tibial Tendonitis 

•	 Achilles Tendonitis 

52

Tendonitis Treatment: 

Tendonitis treatment must begin by avoiding aggravating movements. This may mean taking a 

break from the aggravating activity for a period of time, but this is a necessary step to allow the 

inflamed tendon to heal. It is also recommended in tendonitis treatment to try alternative activities. 

With proper care for the area, the pain in the tendon should lessen over three weeks, but it should 

be noted that the healing of the area continues and doesn't even peak until at least six weeks 

following the initial injury. This is due to scar tissue formation, which initially acts like the glue to 

bond the tissue back together. Scar tissue will continue to form past six weeks in some cases 

and as long as a year in severe cases. 

It is important to minimize any inflammation. This can be done topically if a pain reliever has the 

ability to penetrate the skin barrier and contains anti-inflammatory agents. A topical formula that 

contains natural menthol will not only relieve pain, but also dilate the blood vessels. This allows 

for relief of the tendonitis, without causing any stiffening of the tissue. Ice can relieve 

inflammation, but will constrict the blood vessels and further stiffen the tendon. Cortisone 

injections can reduce inflammation, but unfortunately are very caustic and can cause a 

weakening of the tendon structure and create more scar tissue. 

After the scar tissue has begun to accumulate, it will be important to perform procedures that help 

break down the scar tissue in the tendon tissue. While exercise is appropriate for breaking down 

scar tissue once the area has healed, it may further irritate the area during the initial stages. 

Therefore, other methods that can be performed by your healthcare provider, such as ultrasound 

and massage, may be safely used to accomplish this early on in the injury. Light stretches may 

also be performed if they do not cause any further irritation to the area. 

Tendonitis Prevention: 

Prevention of this condition requires stretching the muscle on a regular basis and thereby 

lengthening the tendon connection. This will allow less pulling on the tendon attachment to the 

bone. When tendonitis does occur, it is important to treat it immediately, and thereby prevent it 

from reaching a stage that is more severe. 

The key to avoiding problems such as tendonitis and bursitis is to slowly increase the intensity of 

your exercise, vary the types of activities you perform, and try not to cycle between periods of 

activity and inactivity. People who tend to experience tendonitis are seasonal exercisers, who 

focus too much on one activity. When you begin to experience early symptoms of tendonitis, back 

off from the aggravating activity, and try something new. 

If you do experience tendonitis, you are more likely to have symptoms again down the road, but 

with an intelligent approach to your exercise or activity routine, this problem can often be avoided. 

53

What is Tennis Elbow? 

Tennis elbow, or lateral epicondylitis, is the most common injury 

in patients seeking medical attention with the complaint of elbow 

pain. Exactly what causes tennis elbow is unknown, but it is 

thought to be due to small tears of the tendons that attach the 

muscles of the forearm to the arm bone at the elbow joint. The 

muscle group involved, the wrist extensors, function to cock the 

wrist back. 

What are the symptoms of tennis elbow? 

• 

Patients with the tennis elbow syndrome experience pain


on the outside of the elbow that is worsened by grasping


objects and cocking back the wrist.


•	 The pain associated with tennis elbow usually has a gradual onset, but may also come on 

suddenly. 

What is the problem occurring in tennis elbow? 

No one knows for certain, but there are several ideas. It is known that tennis elbow is not simply 

an "inflammation" of the tendons around the elbow. Rather, the problem is thought to be more of 

a degenerative process either the result of aging, or repetitive use. The symptoms may be the 

result of an incomplete healing response in an area that does not have good blood flow, and 

therefore difficulty accessing nutrition and oxygen necessary for healing. This leads to 

degeneration of the tendon causing small tears and ruptures. 

What is the treatment of tennis elbow? 

There are several available treatments for tennis elbow. These usually start off conservatively, 

and work to more involved treatments. Non-operative treatment is successful in over 90% of 

patients. 

•	 Lifestyle Modification 

Lifestyle modification is important if tennis elbow does not resolve or if it recurs. With 

athletes, often an improvement in technique (for example, fixing your tennis swing) can 

resolve the problem. 

•	 Anti-inflammatory Medications 

Anti-inflammatory medications are often used to help control pain 

and inflammation. The oral forms of these medications are easy to 

take, and often help control the inflammation as well as manage the 

pain associated with tennis elbow. 

•	 Cortisone Injections 

If these conservative measures fail, a steroid (cortisone) injection is 

a reasonable option. 

•	 Elbow Brace and Exercises 

•	 An elbow orthosis, called an elbow clasp, can be worn. The theory behind using this 

elbow clasp is that the brace will redirect the pull of malaligned muscles. Patients often 

find relief of pain when using the clasp during activities. 

54

Some simple exercises can also be helpful in controlling the symptoms of tennis elbow. 

These exercises should not cause pain, and if they do the exercises should not be done 

until the pain resolves. By strengthening the muscles and tendons involved with tennis 

elbow, you can help prevent the problem from returning. 

1.) Finger Extension. Place a rubber band around all five fingertips. Spread 

fingers 25 times, repeat 3 times. If resistance is not enough, add a second rubber 

band or use a rubber band of greater thickness, which will provide more 

resistance. 

2.) Ball Squeeze. Place rubber ball or tennis ball in palm of hand, squeeze 25 

times, and repeat 3 times. If pain is reproduced squeeze a folded sponge or piece 

of foam. 

For both exercises perform 10 repetitions 3-5 times a day until you feel fatigue. 

Use pain as your guide - all exercises should be pain free. 

BURSITIS: 

•	 Common symptoms include pain, tenderness, and decreased range of motion over affected 

area. Redness, swelling, and a crunchy feeling when the joint is moved (crepitus) may also 

be found. 

o	 Knee: This condition involves swelling over the bottom part of the kneecap that is red 

and warm to the touch. Usually, the range of motion of the knee will be less because 

of the pain that bending and straightening the knee causes. 

o	 Elbow: Pain, swelling, and redness are found over the elbow. The pain gets worse 

when you flex and extend your arm at the elbow. 

o	 Hip: Your pain is increased by walking or by lying on the affected side. Bringing your 

leg away from and toward the midline of the body can also reproduce the pain. 

What is a bursa? 

Every person has hundreds of bursa scattered throughout the body. 

The function of a bursa is to decrease friction between two surfaces 

that move in different directions. You tend to find a bursa at points 

where muscles and tendons glide over bones. Without the bursa 

between these surfaces, movements would be painful. 

What is bursitis? 

Bursitis is the inflammation of a bursa. Normally, the bursa provides a 

slippery surface that has almost no friction. A problem arises when a 

bursa becomes inflamed. The bursa loses its gliding capabilities, and 

becomes more and more irritated when it is moved.


When the condition called bursitis occurs, the normally slippery bursa becomes swollen and


55

inflamed. The added bulk of the swollen bursa causes more friction within an already confined 

space. Also, the smooth gliding bursa becomes gritty and rough. Movement of an inflamed bursa 

is painful and irritating. 

What causes bursitis? 

Bursitis usually results from a repetitive movement or due to prolonged and excessive pressure. 

Patients who rest on their elbows for long periods or those who bend their elbows frequently and 

repetitively can develop elbow bursitis. 

Another cause of bursitis is a traumatic injury. Following trauma, such as a car accident or fall, a 

patient may develop bursitis. Usually a contusion causes swelling within the bursa. The bursa, 

which had functioned normally up until that point, now begins to develop inflammation, and 

bursitis results. Once the bursa is inflamed, normal movements and activities can become painful. 

How is bursitis diagnosed? 

Bursitis is almost always diagnosed on physical examination. Findings consistent with bursitis 

include: 

• Tenderness directly over the bursa 

• Pain with movement of overlying muscles and tendons 

• Swelling of the bursa 

Treatment: 

Below is some advice for bursitis treatment and avoiding recurrences of this problem. As with any 

treatment program, talk with your doctor before you begin bursitis treatment. 

Rest and Protect The Area 

The first steps of bursitis treatment are to keep pressure off of the affected area, and try to limit 

your activity of that joint. Some individuals benefit from placing an elastic bandage (Ace wrap) or 

immobilizing brace around the joint until the inflammation subsides. Movement and pressure of 

the inflamed area will only cause exacerbation and prolongation on symptoms. 

• Apply an Ice Pack 

Icing the area of inflammation is an important aspect of bursitis treatment. The ice will help 

to control the inflammation and decrease swelling. By minimizing inflammation and 

swelling, the bursa can return to its usual state and perform its usual function. 

• Anti-Inflammatory Medications 

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications include a long list of possibilities such as 

Ibuprofen, Motrin,and many others. Bursitis treatment can be improved by these 

medications that will decrease pain and swelling. Be sure to talk to your doctor before 

starting these medications. 

• Cortisone Injections 

If the symptoms of bursitis are persistent, an injection of cortisone may be considered. 

Cortisone is a powerful anti-inflammatory medication, but instead of being given by mouth, 

it is injected directly to the site of inflammation. This can be extremely helpful for situations 

that are not improved with rest. 

To prevent the return of bursitis symptoms: 

• Strengthening and Physical Therapy 

Proper strengthening technique can help you avoid bursitis by using your muscles in a 

safe, more efficient manner. For example, patients with shoulder bursitis can learn ways 

to move the shoulder that will not cause inflammation. Do not begin exercises until the 

inflammation of bursitis has resolved! 

56 
•	 Take Breaks 

Alternate repetitive tasks with breaks to relieve pressure. Don't perform one activity 

continuously for hours at a time. 

•	 Cushion Your Joints 

If your work involves an activity such as prolonged kneeling, use protective cushions. 

These can be purchased at hardware stores--ask for roofers pads. 

CARPAL TUNNEL: 

•	 Numbness and tingling in the hands, especially when these symptoms occur at night and 

after use of the hands. 

•	 Decreased feeling in your thumb, index, and long finger. 

•	 The presence in your hand of an electric-like shock or tingling. 

•	 The reproduction of your symptoms by holding your wrists in a bent down position for one 

minute. 

What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome? 

At the base of the palm is a tight canal or “tunnel” through which tendons and nerves must pass 

on their way from the forearm to the hands and fingers. The nerve that passes through this 

narrow tunnel to reach the hand is called the Median Nerve. The bottom and sides of this tunnel 

are formed by wrist bones and the top of the tunnel is covered by a strong band of connective 

tissue called a ligament. This tunnel also contains nine tendons that connect muscles to bones 

and bend your fingers and thumb. These tendons are covered with a lubricating membrane called 

synovium, which may enlarge and swell under some circumstances. If the swelling is sufficient it 

may cause the median nerve to be pressed up against this strong ligament which may result in 

numbness, tingling in your hand, clumsiness or pain described above. 

What causes Carpal Tunnel Syndrome? 

Anything that causes swelling, thickening or irritation of the 

synovial membranes around the tendons in the carpal tunnel 

can result in pressure on the median nerve. 

•	 repetitive and forceful grasping with the hands 

•	 repetitive bending of the wrist 

•	 broken or dislocated bones in the wrist which


produce swelling.


•	 arthritis, especially the rheumatoid type 

•	 thyroid gland imbalance 

•	 sugar diabetes 

What is the treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome? 

Most important, discontinue--as much as you can--whatever is causing it. If the activity is a hobby 

or sport that you can avoid entirely for a while, that may be all that is needed. 

57

58

If you must continue to use your wrist in your work: 

•	 Try to let your arm and shoulder share in the stress. 

•	 Use both hands to lift things. 

•	 Keep your wrist straight as much as you can. 

•	 Wearing a wrist splint, especially at night, may be


helpful.


•	 Take frequent breaks to rest or shake your hand, and


massage the palm and back of the hand.


•	 Cut down on caffeine and smoking, which reduce blood


flow to the hand.


•	 Take anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroids as instructed to reduce swelling. 

•	 Carpal tunnel can be treated by stretching and strengthening exercises (see below). 

•	 In more severe cases, your doctor may advise a cortisone injection into the carpal tunnel. 

This medicine spreads around the swollen synovial membranes surrounding the tendons 

and shrinks them, and, in turn, relieves the pressure on the median nerve. 

•	 In those patients who do not gain relief from these non-surgical measures it may be 

necessary to perform surgery. The site of the operation is made pain-free by local 

anesthesia injected either into the wrist and hand or higher up in the arm. The surgery 

itself is called a "release" - cutting the ligament that forms the roof of the carpal tunnel to 

relieve the pressure on the median nerve. The surgery is usually performed in an 

outpatient facility and you are generally not required to stay over night. 

57 
Hold each hand position for a count of 5. Repeat 10 times, then hang arms loosely at 

side and shake them. 

Please do not these exercises as sole treatment. If you are experiencing any possible symptoms 

of carpal tunnel syndrome seek medical attention. 

59

What are the causes of sciatica?

SCIATICA: 

• Shooting pains from the buttock, down the leg. 

• Tingling, or pins-and-needles sensations in the legs and thighs. 

• A burning sensation in the thigh. In addition, patients with sciatica may 

notice a worsening of their symptoms with maneuvers such as 

squatting or coughing. 

• Often there is a sudden onset that may be attributed to over-exertion 

or a back injury.The diagnosis of 'sciatica' means that there is an 

inflammation of the sciatic nerve, the largest peripheral nerve in the 

body. This large nerve is formed from the lower segments of the spinal cord; it 

is made up from the lumbar and sacral nerve roots from the spinal cord. 

The sciatic nerve exits the lower part of the spinal cord (lumbosacral region), passes behind 

the hip joint, and runs down the back of the thigh. 

The most common cause of sciatica is a herniated spinal disc. When this happens, the normal 

cushion between the vertebra of your spine ruptures. This causes the disc to push out into areas 

normally occupied by these nerves. The nerves are compressed and people then experience the 

symptoms of pain, weakness, and numbness. 

What treatments are available for sciatica? 

Treatment is initially aimed at addressing the inflammation associated with sciatica. Rest, antiinflammatory medications (such as Motrin or Ibuprofen), and muscle relaxers are often good 

places to start. Some patients require a more powerful anti-inflammatory treatment and are given 

oral steroids (often called a Medrol Dose-Pak). 

Once the pain subsides, exercises and physical therapy are helpful. Many people find that heat 

packs and ice packs soothe the muscles that are painful in sciatica. 

Will I get better from sciatica? 

This is the good news. Most people (80-90%) fully recover from sciatica without surgery. In most 

cases the nerve is not permanently damaged, and individuals recover in the 3-week to 3-month 

time frame. Sciatica is not a medical emergency. However, if you experience difficulty with bowel 

or bladder function, decreased sensation around the genitals, or progressive leg weakness, 

contact your doctor or go to the emergency room immediately. 

60

LUMBAR STRAIN


Muscle strains and lumbar sprains are the most common causes of low back pain. A low back 

muscle strain occurs when the muscle fibers are abnormally stretched or torn. A lumbar sprain 

occurs when the ligaments, the tough bands of tissue that hold bones together, are torn from their 

attachments. Differentiating a strain from a sprain can be difficult, as both injuries will show 

similar symptoms. In general, it doesn't matter what you call the problem because the treatment 

and prognosis for both back strains and sprains is the same. 

Almost all of these low back injuries are due to injuries of the muscle or ligament. If you don't 

know the cause of your back pain, you should have it evaluated by a doctor. Some warning signs 

of a serious injury to the spine include: 

• Loss of control of bladder or bowels 

• Progressive lower extremity weakness 

• Severe, constant pain 

What are the symptoms of a low back injury? 

Most lumbar muscle strains and sprains cause symptoms 

isolated to the low back, usually they do not cause problems in 

the legs like some other spine conditions. The most common 

symptoms of a lumbar strain or sprain are: 

o Pain around the low back and upper buttocks 

o Low back muscle spasm 

o Pain associated with activities, and generally relieved with rest 

What causes these symptoms of low back pain and spasm? 

When the lumbar spine is strained or sprained, inflammation of the soft-tissues results. This 

inflammation causes pain and can cause muscle spasm. People are often surprised at how 

painful and debilitating a lumbar strain or sprain can be--these are not small injuries. They often 

force patients to remain in bed for a day or two, and can cause intermittent symptoms for weeks. 

That said, over 90% of patients are completely recovered from an episode of lumbar muscle 

strain or sprain within one month. Some well-known factors that contribute to low back pain 

include: 

• Poor conditioning 

• Obesity 

• Smoking 

• Improper use / lifting technique 

If you have persistent problems with your lumbar spine, consider these issues. If you 

smoke, are overweight, or do not perform regular back strengthening exercises, then you 

have steps that you can take to help control your symptoms. 

61

What is the appropriate lumbar muscle strain treatment? 

It is important that if you are not sure of the cause of low back pain, that you are evaluated by a 

physician. There are low back conditions that require immediate treatment. 

• Step 1: Rest: 

The first step in the treatment of a lumbar muscle strain is to rest the back. This will allow 

the inflammation to subside and control the symptoms of muscle spasm. 

• Step 2: Medications: 

Two groups of medications are especially helpful in treating the acute symptoms of a 

lumbar back strain. 

1.) Anti-inflammatory medications. These medications help control the inflammation 

caused by the injury, and also help to reduce pain. 

2.) Muscle relaxing medications. Again, there are several options that you may discuss 

with your doctor. These medications are often sedating, so they need to be used with 

care. 

• Step 3: Physical Therapy / Exercises: 

Proper conditioning is important to both avoid this type of problem and recover from this 

injury. By stretching and strengthening the back muscles, you will help control the 

inflammation and better condition the lumbar back muscles. The exercises should not be 

painful. 

It is also important to understand that even if you are "in good shape," you may have 

weak low back muscles. When you have a low back muscle injury, you should perform 

specific exercises that stretch and strengthen the muscles of the low back, hips and 

abdomen. These exercises are relatively simple, do not require special equipment, and 

can be performed at home. 

• Step 4: Further Evaluation 

If your symptoms continue to persist despite treatment, it is appropriate to return to your 

doctor for further evaluation. Other causes of back pain should be considered. 

62

How To Lift Properly: 

•	 Plan ahead before lifting. 

Knowing what you're doing and where


you're going will prevent you from making


awkward movements while holding


something heavy. Clear a path, and if


lifting something with another person,


make sure both of you agree on the plan.


•	 Lift close to your body. 

You will be a stronger, and more stable lifter if the object is held close to your body rather 

than at the end of your reach. 

•	 Feet shoulder width apart. 

A solid base of support is important while lifting. Holding your feet too close together will 

be unstable, too far apart will hinder movement. Keep the feet about shoulder width apart 

and take short steps. 

•	 Bend your knees and keep your back straight. 

Practice the lifting motion before you lift the object. Focus on keeping your spine straight-­

raise and lower to the ground by bending your knees. 

•	 Tighten your stomach muscles. 

Tightening your abdominal muscles will hold your back in a good lifting position and will 

help prevent excessive force on the spine. 

•	 Lift with your legs. 

Your legs are many times stronger than your back muscles--let your strength work in your 

favor. Keeping your eyes focused upwards helps to keep your back straight. 

•	 If you're straining, get help. 

If an object is too heavy, or awkward in shape, make sure you have someone around who 

can help you lift. 

•	 Wear a belt or back support. 

If you are lifting often in your job or at home a back belt may help you maintain a better 

lifting posture. 

Tips: 

1.	 Never bend your back to pick something up.


It's just not worth the damage that improper lifting technique can cause.


2.	 Hold the object close to your body.


You are a much more stable lifter if you're not reaching for an object.


3.	 Don't twist or bend. 

Face in the direction you are walking. If you need to turn, stop, turn in small steps, and 

then continue walking. 

4.	 Keep your eyes up.


Looking slightly upwards will help you maintain a better position of the spine.


63

SEASICKNESS: INFORMATION AND TREATMENT


When the human body is put into motion, be it in a boat, car, or airplane, motion sickness can be a

side effect. The cause of motion sickness and its associated unpleasant symptoms are not well

understood. Most medical information explains the symptoms as a result of the brain experiencing

sensory confusion when the signals your brain receives from your sense of balance contradict what

your eyes are seeing. The vestibular system of the inner ear sends messages to the brain about the

body’s position, but the changing position of the body contradicts the information relayed by the

eyes. Over time most people adjust to the motion that is making them sick, once the brain

determines that the confused sensory signals are the “norm” and it shuts down the nausea, cold

sweats, drowsiness, and other symptoms.

The more you move around, the sooner you become accustomed to the motion of the boat. Lying

down does not help you adapt, even though it may allow you to feel better temporarily. Doing

anything that requires close visual focus such as reading will make symptoms worse and should be

avoided.

There are many remedies for seasickness, some tried and true, others more eclectic. How a specific

drug either over­the counter or prescription will affect you is unpredictable­ what works for some

people may not work for others. The only way to know for sure is to try it. Start with a nonprescription drug because they usually have less drowsiness side effects. If the non­prescription

drugs are not effective see your doctor and request a prescription drug.

Most of the anti­nausea medication should be taken 1­2 hours before leaving the dock. Like all

drugs seasick preventatives can have side effects. If you have a history of drug side effects be sure

to consult your family doctor, and if possible try the drug on land before you use it at sea.

The following is a list of some of the more tested seasick remedies: 

Natural Remedies: 

Ginger: Raw ginger, ginger tea (made from fresh slices of ginger), pills or 

tablets (available in health food stores), ginger ale, ginger candy, and ginger snaps. 

Ginger has a natural anti-nausea effect, which seems to alleviate some of the symptoms. 

Calm SeasTM: Contains natural ingredients including ginger. 

Chemical Remedies: 

Bonine: Over the counter Meclizine. 

Scopolamine: Marketed as a transdermal patch worn behind the ear. 

Dramamine: Over the counter Dimenhydrinate; comes in non-drowsy formulas. 

Coast Guard Cocktail: Prescription combination of 25mg each of Ephedrine and 

Promethazine. Also prescribed as 25mg Promethazine and 60mg Pseudoephedrine. 

Promethazine (also called Phenergan) is an antihistamine that prevents the motion 

sickness, and pseudoephedrine acts as a stimulant that counteracts the side effect of 

drowsiness. 

64

Physical Remedies: 

Minimize motion of boat: keep to the middle of the boat. If you have a window or view try to 

keep your vision focused on the horizon. 

Sea Bands TM: Wristbands available in nautical stores, naturopathic health stores, and 

some pharmacies. They work on acupressure nausea points on the wrists (called the 

neikuan point). 

Food: 

An empty stomach actually makes most people feel worse. However, try not to fill your 

stomach with anything you wouldn’t want to see again! Ginger ale and saltine crackers or 

toast seem to be benign. 

Added Precautions: 

The need to vomit is a common symptom of being nauseated. Sometimes people feel much better 

after doing so. Keep in mind that if you need to go out on deck or to the rail to vomit, let someone 

know you are going outside! 

Although seasickness is not life threatening, if left untreated it can become serious. A few people will 

simply not recover from the constant nausea. Dehydration is a side effect that should be taken into 

account. If a person has been seasick for over 3 days, has vomited constantly, and has not eaten or 

drank they should be encouraged to take in fluids as much as possible. It may be necessary to get 

this person off the boat and to medical attention. 

Seasickness is a normal consequence of putting the body into unnatural motion, and it happens to 

almost everybody. Keep that in mind. In most cases it does get better after a few days at sea, and 

symptoms lessen each time you venture out on a boat. 

Smooth Sailing!


65

INJURY, ILLNESS, ACCIDENT OR NEAR-MISS 

REPORTING 

When an injury or serious illness occurs at-sea, it is the FPC’s (and/or Safety Leader’s) duty to 

assure the appropriate forms are completed and that the relevant information gets forwarded to 

Seattle for notification of the authorities. The following information is required to notify Seattle by 

ship’s email. This information must be relayed within 24hrs of the injury. 

In addition completion of CD-137 Report of Injury, Illness, Accident or Fatality Form is required. 

Mishap and Illness report: Email this information within 24hrs: 

• The following report should be filled out any time an accident or near miss occurs whether or not it 

resulted in injury. Please fill out all 

applicable fields and send to Jay.Kennedy @noaa.gov or Russ.Nelson@noaa.gov 

• In the event of an accident that involves injury the form must be sent within 24 hours. 

• A hard copy of this report should also be printed and 

put into the safety documents envelope on 

the boat. 

• Names of those involved will remain confidential at all times. 

The purpose of this report is to fulfill government wide requirements of injury and illness reporting 

as well as meet Groundfish Assessemnt's goal of maintaining a database of mishaps (injury related or otherwise) in order to address safety in the field by 

understanding relative hazards. 

___________________________________________________________ 

1. Reason for Report: ___Accident w/ injury 

___Near miss or Accident w/ out injury 

___Illness 

2. Name: 

3. Date/Time of Accident/Illness: 4. FPC on board: 

5. Vessel captain: 

6. Location/ Vessel where incident occurred: 

7. Description of Incident: 

8. Extent of Injury or Illness and Body Parts Affected: 

9.Description/identification of damaged property and extent of damage. 

a. Include estimate of monetary damage: 

10. Preventative Actions implemented in Response to Mishap 

11. Date/Time form completed/submitted: 

12. Medical supplies used: 

13. Describe medical treatment applied: 

14. Amount of work time lost: 

Fig. 6	 Report of Injury, Illness, Accident or Fatality Form (CD-137) for injury reporting and 

RACE/REFM At Sea Injury Report Form to be used to report an injury via the ship’s email 

system to Seattle. See Appendix for more information. 

66

ANNUAL SAFETY PLAN REVIEW PROCEDURE


At the conclusion of all groundfish cruises, FPCs are asked to return the Safety Evaluation Form of 

the trip. This is a means to log accidents, near misses, and any other safety concerns for the 

purpose of consolidating all of this information for the entire field season. 

On this form FPCs will be asked if there were any safety concerns they had which were not 

addressed in the safety manual. FPCs are also asked to offer science crew the opportunity to add 

feedback to this evaluation. After this is completed the Safety Committee will meet to discuss each 

accident and near miss. 

An evaluation will be made by the Safety Committee to include questions such as: did these 

accidents occur because there was no protocol in the manual for the specific task or because there 

was a protocol that was not followed? If the former: we will update the manual. The same evaluation 

process will be undertaken for safety concerns that were raised but did not result in an accident or 

near miss. 

The results of this meeting will be turned into a report that will be presented at the post-cruise 

meetings as well as the pre-cruise meetings at the beginning of the next field season. 

Remember: Safety First! 

67

SAFETY EVALUATION: NOT OPTIONAL! 

This form is to be filled out by FPCs, Safety Leaders, and interested scientific crew at the end of 

each leg. Include all reports of injuries and/or near-misses. 

This form can be found on the Safety & Emergency Documents CD while at sea. An electronic copy 

of completed form should return to Seattle with the FPC and sent to the Groundfish Safety 

committee via email to: Erika.Acuna@noaa.gov. 

SAFETY COMMITTEE SAFETY EVALUATION FORM 

PLEASE POPULATE AND SAVE THIS FORM ELECTRONICALLY. 

Name: 

Date: 

Vessel: 

Do you have any safety concerns not addressed in the Safety Manual? 

How can we improve safety during the survey? 

How can we improve the Safety Manual? 

Please list any injuries, accidents, near misses or hazards you encountered 

during this leg: 

Did you file an electronic Injury or Near-Miss Form? 

Additional comments: 

Fig. 7 Safety Evaluation. This form can be found on the Safety & Emergency Documents CD while 

at sea. An electronic (or hard) copy of completed form should return to Seattle and sent to 

Erika.Acuna@noaa.gov. 

68

APPENDIX


List of Forms: 

Emergency Information Form...........................................................................................55 

NOAA Health Services Questionnaire................................................................................57 

Charter Vessel Emergency Procedure Form........................................................................61 

RACE Summer Survey Float Plan.....................................................................................53 

DOC/ NOAA/ WASC Dangerous Goods Declaration Form......................................................65 

Report of Injury, Illness, Accident or Fatality Form CD-137.....................................................67 

Instructions fro completing Form CD-137............................................................................68 

Report of Possible Safety/ Health Hazard Form CD-351........................................................69 

Instructions for completing Form CD-351............................................................................70 

Management of NOAA Small Boats NAO 217-103................................................................71 

Please complete these forms in an 

electronic format when possible. 

Forms can be found on 

At Sea Safety CD. 

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

CHARTER VESSEL EMERGENCY PROCEDURE FORM


Page 1 of 2 

This form certifies that a formal review of safety systems and emergency procedures aboard 

the _______________________ on this date_____________ was performed. The review included, 

but was not limited to: 

1. Purpose, location and operations policy for: 

a. 

b. 

c. 

d. 

Vessel EPIRBs 

Transceivers 

Survival suits 

Life jackets 

e. 

f. 

g. 

Life raft (boat) 

Fire fighting equipment 

First aid supplies 

2. Pro

a. Man overboard 

b. Abandon ship 

cedures and duty stations for: 

3. Oth

a. 

b. 

er relevant training (list topics): 

The undersigned have participated in the on-board safety review and have read and understand the 

RACE At-Sea Safety Manual: 

Date 

Print name of science personnel or 

participating vessel crew member: 

Signature 

Signature__________________________________ Date_________________________________ 

(Captain) 

Field Party Chief_________________________ Safety Leader____________________________ 

FPC: Please retain this document in the Haul Log Book and return to RACE safety leader at the end 

of the survey. 

77

CHARTER VESSEL EMERGENCY PROCEDURE FORM Continued: 

Please list all NOAA Survival Suit serial numbers that will be taken aboard on this leg of the survey: 

Vessel: 

Leg: 

Field Party Chief: 

Survival Suit Serial Number: 

Size: 

Please FAX or mail this form (in pre-addressed / pre- stamped envelopes provided) 

BEFORE embarking on survey leg. 

Send to: OR FAX to: 

NOAA / Alaska Fisheries Science Center 

7600 Sand Point Way NE F/ AKC1 

Seattle, WA 98110 

ATTN: Russ Nelson 

Page 2 of 2 

Russ Nelson 

(206) 526- 6723 

78

Page

Page 1 of 2 

RACE / REFM Survey Float Plan 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

Alaska Fisheries Science Center 

Date:_____________ Vessel:__________________________________________ 

Name of Captain:____________________________________________________ 

Name of FPC:_______________________________________________________ 

Name of Safety Leader: _______________________________________________ 

Names of personnel on shore excursion: Able to swim? Departure / Return (Time & Location) 

(yes/ no) 

1.__________________________________ Y N ______________________________ 

2.__________________________________ Y N ______________________________ 

3.__________________________________ Y N ______________________________ 

4.__________________________________ Y N ______________________________ 

5.__________________________________ Y N ______________________________ 

6.__________________________________ Y N ______________________________ 

7.__________________________________ Y N ______________________________ 

8.__________________________________ Y N ______________________________ 

9.__________________________________ Y N ______________________________ 

10._________________________________ Y N _______________________________ 

11._________________________________ Y N _______________________________ 

Small Boat 

Description: 

Model: 

Length: 

Draft: 

Width: 

Engine type: 

Fuel on board: 

Boat operator: 

Experience level: 

Additional Information:


79 

Equipment Checklist 

(Required by U.S. Coast Guard) 

_____ PFD’s 

One Coast Guard Approved type I, II, or III 

life preserver or buoyant vest for each 

person aboard. 

_____ EPIRB 

_____ Anchor 

7 1⁄2 lb. with 6ft chain lead, and anchor line. 

_____ Oars or Paddles 

or other means of secondary propulsion. 

_____ Medical Kit (check inside boat kit) 

_____ Whistle or Horn 

One hand, mouth, or power operated 

whistle or horn, audible at least 1⁄2 

mile. 

_____ Bilge pump 

or hand bailer. 
Page 2 of 2 

RACE / REFM Survey Float Plan Suggested and Recommended 

Equipment List by AFSC: 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration


National Marine Fisheries Service


Alaska Fisheries Science Center


AFSC Shore Kit Contents: 

1.	 VHS Radio: verify full charge and 

Frequency monitored:____________ 

2. Flashlight: (take extra batteries) 

3. Emergency blankets 

4. First Aid supplies 

5. Scissors 

6. Signaling flares 

7. Distress flag 

8. Signaling mirror 

9. Whistle 

10. Knife 

11. Compass 

12. Leatherman tool 

13. Fishing hooks and line 

14. Toilet paper 

15. Fire starters 

16. Sterno cooking fuel & stove 

17. Boullion cubes 

18. Snare Wire 

19. 4 MRE (Meals Ready to Eat) 

20. Mess Kit and utensils 

21. Potable drinking water tablets 

22. 3L drinking water 

23. McMurdo Personal EPIRB 

Survival suits (not necessary for dockside transport/ only for shore excursions) 

Radar reflector/ transponder (SART) 

Additional Radios: (frequency monitored:_____________) 

Orange flag w/pole to mark base camp 

Hand held GPS unit 

Fire extinguisher 

Extra food 

Extra water 

AFSC Small Boat (Shore) Kit: 

80

81

82

83

84

____________________________________________________________________ 

Mishap and Illness report: Email this information within 24hrs: 

• The following report should be filled out any time an accident or near miss occurs 

whether or not it resulted in injury. Please fill out all applicable fields and send to 

Jay.Kennedy @noaa.gov or Russ.Nelson@noaa.gov 

•	 In the event of an accident that involves injury the form must be sent within 24 

hours. 

•	 A hard copy of this report should also be printed and put into the safety documents 

envelope on the boat. 

•	 Names of those involved will remain confidential at all times. 

The purpose of this report is to fulfill government wide requirements of injury and illness 

reporting as well as meet Groundfish Assessemnt's goal of maintaining a database of 

mishaps (injury related or otherwise) in order to address safety in the field by 

understanding relative hazards. 

1. Reason for Report:	 ___Accident w/ injury 

___Near miss or Accident w/ out injury 

___Illness 

2. Name: 

3. Date/Time of Accident/Illness: 

4. FPC on board: 

5. Vessel captain: 

6. Location/ Vessel where incident occurred: 

7. Description of Incident: 

8. Extent of Injury or Illness and Body Parts Affected: 

9. Description/identification of damaged property and extent of damage. 

a.	 Include estimate of monetary damage: 

10. Preventative Actions implemented in Response to Mishap 

11. Date/Time form completed/submitted: 

12. Medical supplies used: 

13. Describe medical treatment applied: 

14. Amount of work time lost: 

85

86

87

88

MANAGEMENT OF NOAA SMALL BOATS NAO 217-103 

Issued: 01/30/03; Effective: 01/21/03; Amended: AM #1 - 03/07/03 

SECTION 1. PURPOSE. 

.01 This Order establishes National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) policy for


management and safe operation of NOAA boats less than 300 gross tons.


.02 This Order establishes minimum standards and required inspections to be followed by all NOAA


programs operating boats.


.03 This Order establishes standards of visual identification and registration for NOAA boats.


SECTION 2. BACKGROUND.


Operating boats in support of marine research involves unique associated risks. Many NOAA


programs rely on boats to achieve mission requirements. There are numerous regulatory standards


that address boat safety, but little guidance or few regulations tailored specifically to the special


mission of research motorboats less than 65 feet or small research vessels less than 300 gross


tons. Current marine standards are derived from international conventions, lessons learned from


casualties, and advances in technology. As such, the body of regulatory information continues to


grow and change. All vessels owned by NOAA are considered public vessels and are therefore


exempt from regulatory oversight by the United States Coast Guard (USCG). However, it is NOAA's


intent, as steward of the Nation's oceans and atmosphere, to comply with, or exceed, all applicable


regulatory and industry standards and to foster a management culture committed to safe and


environmentally sound boat operations based upon the principles of risk management.


SECTION 3. DEFINITIONS.


.01 Alteration and Repair of Boats.


a. Alteration or Modification. A change to the configuration of a boat with regard to its 

navigation, communication, mission, ventilation, or piping systems. Examples of an alteration or 

modification include the addition of scientific transducers or RADAR sets, rearrangement of helm 

consoles, conversion of spaces (e.g., storage space to lab space), or installation of port lights. 

b. Significant Alteration or Modification. A change to the configuration of a boat with regard to 

structural, mechanical, or electrical systems. Examples of significant alterations include the addition 

of structures or winches, the addition of any weight handling gear (e.g., A-frame, crane, articulated 

boom), replacement of inboard propulsion engines, installation of electric generators, lengthening of 

a vessel, or addition of a bow pulpit. 

c. Repair. A restoration of a boat's configuration or capability that is necessary because of 

wear and/or failure of existing systems and equipment. 

.02 Boat. As used in this Order, refers to all craft less than 300 gross registered tons propelled by 

any means and commonly used to carry people on a body of water, but does not include sea planes. 

.03 Gross Registered Tonnage (gross tons). As used in this Order, is a unit of measure referenced 

to determine applicable regulations for vessels. Measurement of gross tons is defined in Part 

69.209(a) of Title 46 of the Code of Federal Regulations (46 CFR 69.209(a)) and for most monohull 

vessels will be determined by the formula: gross tonnage = (overall length x overall breadth x overall 

depth) x 0.67 /100. 

.04 Overall Length. Or length overall (LOA) as used in this Order, and as defined in 46 CFR 69.203, 

means the horizontal distance between the outboard side of the foremost part of the stem and the 

89

outboard side of the aftermost part of the stern, excluding rudders, outboard motor brackets, and 

other similar fittings and attachments. 

.05 Motorboat. As used in this Order, refers to all craft less than 300 gross registered tons propelled 

by machinery and commonly used to carry people on a body of water, but does not include sea 

planes. 

.06 Motorboat Classifications. NOAA motorboat classifications are developed from USCG definitions 

for motorboats, and apply to all boats propelled by machinery, as follows: 

a. Class A - less than 16 feet length overall; 

b. Class I - 16 feet but less than 26 feet length overall; 

c. Class II - 26 feet but less than 40 feet length overall; 

d. Class III - 40 feet but not more than 65 feet length overall; and 

e. Small Research Vessel (SRV) - greater than 65 feet length overall, but less than 300 gross 

tons. [and engaged in operations for greater than 12 hours.

AM #1

] 

.07 NOAA Boat. A boat owned, operated, or maintained by NOAA. The term includes boats leased, 

loaned, bare boat chartered, or demise chartered by or from NOAA but does not include boats time 

chartered by NOAA. 

.08 NOAA Program. As used in this Order, the term refers to NOAA Line Offices, Staff Offices, and 

any of their subordinate entities. 

.09 No-cost Transfer. As used in this Order, a means of gaining ownership of boats with little or no 

cost to the receiving entity. For example, no-cost transfers include, but are not limited to, boats 

received from government excess or via donation, gift, or bequest. 

.10 Operational Risk Management. A process involving an examination of hazards and associated 

controls to reduce risk to personnel, vessels, environment, mission, or any stakeholder in NOAA 

operations. 

.11 Program Manager. A government or contract employee in charge of, and having oversight over, 

a specific mission, activity, or scientific investigation within a NOAA Line or Staff Office. Examples of 

Program Managers include Chiefs of Fishery Ecology, Chiefs of Habitat Restoration, and Chiefs of 

Ocean Chemistry. 

.12 Qualified Motorboat. As used in this Order describes motorboats that are elaborate or complex in 

terms of engineering design or mission. A list of qualified motorboats and sample qualifying criteria 

is available at the NOAA Small Boat Program web site. 

.13 Responsible Person. A Government or contract employee whose position description requires 

him/her to be involved in the routine oversight or operation of a boat or boats. Examples of 

Responsible Persons include marine superintendents, port captains, field operations managers, 

environmental compliance & safety staff, captains, boat operators, and boat maintenance staff. 

.14 Senior Field Manager. A government employee in charge of and having responsibility for all boat 

operations conducted at a NOAA program. Examples of Senior Field Managers include Laboratory 

Directors, Sanctuary Managers, Small Research Vessel Captains, or Field Party Chiefs. 

.15 Vessel. See boat. 

.16 Vessel Operations Manual (VOM). A compilation of instructions, procedures, regulations, and 

guidelines derived from an operational risk assessment. The VOM is intended to promulgate specific 

90

individualized requirements and instructions for the safe and efficient management and operation of 

a Small Research Vessel, Class III motorboat, or qualified Class II motorboat. 

.17 Vessel Policy (VP). A compilation of instructions, procedures, regulations, and guidelines derived 

from an operational risk assessment. A VP is intended to promulgate management and safety policy 

applicable to all boats within a NOAA program. 

SECTION 4. SCOPE AND RESPONSIBILITY. 

.01 NOAA programs that own, operate, or maintain boats shall be responsible: 

a. for the safe operation, inspection compliance, life cycle management, and material condition of


their boats;


b. for developing Vessel Policy (VP) and/or Vessel Operations Manuals (VOMs) for their boats;


c. for obtaining written guidance based on review by the NOAA Small Boat Program during the


development, or prior to the promulgation of, VP and/or VOMs;


d. for assigning routine management and oversight of each boat to a Responsible Person; and


e. for providing estimates of resources needed to meet the requirements of this Order for any SRV,


Class III motorboat, or qualified Class II motorboat to their respective senior management or budget


planning official, and for ensuring that funding needed to achieve compliance with this Order will be


available prior to any commitment that will result in delivery.


.02 The NOAA Small Boat Program shall be responsible:


a. for serving as principal advisor or technical point of contact for operational, maintenance,


acquisition, or regulatory standards set forth by this Order;


b. for managing a database containing an inventory of vessels and their attributes;


c. for providing guidance, or review and comment, to Senior Field Managers or Responsible Persons


during the development, or prior to the promulgation of, VP and/or VOMs;


d. for assisting NOAA programs, upon request, with the resource estimation prescribed in Section


4.01e. of this Order; and


e. for assisting Line Office activities on an as-needed basis, and to the extent that resources allow,


with marine engineering, electronics, or regulatory interpretation support.


.03 The NOAA Small Boat Program, Line Offices, and Staff Offices are responsible for collaborating


as partners with a common interest in safe, efficient, and environmentally sound boat operations.


This partnership shall foster a corporate culture that values the boat operator, encourages the


distribution of information, seeks a quality approach, shares commitment, and seeks to manage


operational risk.


SECTION 5. MOTORBOAT ACQUISITIONS. 

.01 Purchasing Motorboats. 

a. Senior Field Managers, or their designees, shall assess the suitability of a new or used motorboat, 

or of a motorboat design, in relation to cost, mission requirements, operational risk, safety, and 

environmental compliance prior to initiating a motorboat purchase. The cost assessment and any 

required marine survey shall be forwarded to the respective senior management or budget official 

prior to any commitment. 

b. Senior Field Managers, or their designees, shall notify the NOAA Small Boat Program 

Coordinator: 

1. prior to a planned motorboat acquisition that would require significant alteration or modification to 

the boat after its delivery in order to meet mission requirements; or 

2. prior to any commitment to build a motorboat to Government-furnished technical specifications. 

c. When a motorboat meets the criteria of Section 5.01b. of this Order, Senior Field Managers, or 

their designees, shall ensure that contract specifications are written or reviewed by either a NOAA 

Marine and Aviation Operations (NMAO) Small Boat Engineer, a professional marine engineer, or a 

naval architect. The review shall ensure that the resultant boat will be properly configured with 

respect to safety systems, stability, mission capabilities, sound marine engineering practices, 

91

environmental compliance, and Appendix B of this Order, NOAA Boat Visual Identification and 

Registration. 

c.	 Senior Field Managers may exempt Class A, I, or II motorboats from the requirement for 

assessing the suitability of a motorboat prior to acquisition (see Section 5.01a. of this 

Order) when the suitability and cost factors for the motorboat to be acquired are already 

addressed or known from previous experience with similar craft engaged in similar 

missions. 

d. 

.02 No-Cost Transfer. Prior to taking ownership of a no-cost motorboat, Senior Field Managers, or 

their designees, shall: 

a. evaluate the potential safety and environmental implications of the motorboat as it relates to costs 

of ownership, operation, and eventual disposal; 

b. arrange for the marine survey required by Section 5.03 of this Order; and 

c. notify the NOAA Small Boat Program Coordinator before committing to the no-cost transfer of any 

qualified Class II motorboats, Class III motorboats, or Small Research Vessels. 

.03 Marine Surveys. A survey shall be conducted prior to any commitment that will result in delivery 

of a qualified Class II motorboat, Class III motorboat, or SRV. The marine survey shall examine the 

condition and value of the motorboat as well as the structural integrity and safety for its intended 

use. A marine survey is not required for a new boat or design. 

SECTION 6. ALTERATION AND REPAIR OF MOTORBOATS. 

.01 Review. All proposed alterations to NOAA motorboats shall be reviewed by the Program 

Manager or Responsible Person to assess their potential impact on safety, watertight integrity, and 

stability. Program Managers or Responsible Persons shall seek advice or guidance from an NMAO 

Small Boat Engineer if there is doubt with respect to potential impacts. 

.02 Standards. Alterations and repairs shall be performed in accordance with applicable marine 

engineering standards, rules, instructions, and regulations. A listing of current and potentially 

applicable standards, rules, instructions, and regulations is provided on the NOAA Small Boat 

Program web site. 

.03 Significant Alterations. For all significant alterations, Senior Field Managers or Responsible 

Persons shall seek marine engineering services through NMAO or a professional marine engineer. 

.04 Engineering Records. Records, such as drawings or weight and moment reports, resulting from 

the alteration of motorboats shall be maintained at the appropriate program office. 

SECTION 7. OPERATION OF BOATS. 

.01 Operational Risk Assessment. Every NOAA program that operates boats shall conduct an 

operational risk assessment. The assessment shall be based on an evaluation of operational risks to 

personnel, vessel, environment, mission, and public relations. 

a. Vessel Operations Manual (VOM). Senior Field Managers, in consultation with their field 

personnel, shall develop a VOM for each SRV, Class III motorboat, and qualified Class II motorboat 

owned, operated, or maintained by their program. The VOM shall address the findings of the 

operational risk assessment prescribed in Section 7.01 of this Order as well as procedures specific 

to the operation of the boat. 

b. Vessel Policy (VP). Senior Field Managers, in consultation with their field personnel, shall develop 

a comprehensive VP for their program. In addition to addressing the minimum requirements of this 

Order, the program's VP shall be tailored to address region-specific operational risks and other 

issues common to all boats owned, operated, or maintained by the program. 

92

c. Assistance. Additional information and guidance relating to operational risk assessment and the 

development of operational risk management plans are available on line at the NOAA Small Boat 

Program web site. 

.02 Float Plans. 

a. All use of NOAA boats shall be documented by a float plan filed prior to departure which lists, as a 

minimum: 

1. the vessel name; 

2. date and time of departure; 

3. intended destination or working area; 

4. estimated date and time of return or arrival; 

5. names of persons on board; and 

6. type of operation (e.g., scuba diving, coring, observation, patrol). 

b. The boat operator shall tender the plan, prior to departure, to a person on shore as follows: 

1. for voyages of less than twelve (12) hours, the plan may be given verbally; or 

2. for voyages of greater than twelve (12) hours duration, the plan must be written and shall 

establish a tracking and communications procedure that requires the boat to report its position and 

operations at least daily. 

c. The person on shore shall be responsible for determining whether a vessel is overdue for arrival 

and shall be able to take appropriate action to either determine the location of the vessel or initiate 

emergency response. 

.03 Emergency Contacts. Senior Field Managers, Program Managers, or their designees shall 

ensure that the name and contact number of a family member, significant other, or legal guardian is 

available for all persons embarked aboard a boat while the boat is being operated. 

.04 Periodic Testing of Safety Equipment. Operational boats equipped with electronic safety 

equipment shall conduct periodic operational tests of the equipment. If no regulation exists for 

frequency of testing, it shall be done in accordance with manufacturers' instructions or monthly at a 

minimum. In addition, Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) beacon identification 

registration information shall be reviewed at least annually to ensure that it contains valid emergency 

contact information. 

.05 Transportation of Passengers. 

a. When permitted by VP or a VOM, and prearranged and approved by the Senior Field Manager or 

his/her designee, non-mission critical personnel may be transported as passengers on NOAA boats. 

Non-mission critical may include members of the media, guests, VIPs, or service organizations. 

Approvals will be granted when: 

1. it is found to be clearly in the interest of the Government; 

2. the boat is being used for official purposes; and 

3. the passengers will not interfere with NOAA operations. 

b. The boat operator may authorize the boarding and carriage of passengers in emergency 

situations involving the protection of life at sea. For further guidance consult NOAA Administrative 

Order (NAO) 217-106, Transportation of Nongovernment Personnel as Passengers on NOAA 

Vessels, Aircraft, and Motor Vehicles. 

.06 Good Marine Practice. 

a. All NOAA boats shall be operated in a safe and courteous manner. 

b. All NOAA boats shall be maintained in a seaworthy condition. 

c. Marine weather forecasts shall be evaluated with respect to the operations area, vessel 

limitations, and mission requirements prior to engaging in any boat operation. 

93

.07 Operator Training and Certification. All operators of NOAA boats shall be appropriately trained 

and certified based on boat size, engineering complexity, and nature of operations. The following 

minimum training requirements apply. 

a. NOAA Class III Motorboats and Small Research Vessels. 

1. Commissioned or Warrant Officers of the Uniformed Services who have qualified as Officer of the 

Deck (Underway) and who have exercised this qualification during the past five (5) years may be 

considered as having qualifications equivalent to the USCG licensed operators. 

2. Other than officers mentioned in Section 7.07a.1. of this Order, all designated operators must 

possess a valid USCG license appropriate to the intended service of the vessel. 

b. NOAA Class A, I, or II Motorboats. Operators of NOAA Class A, I, or II motorboats shall obtain 

qualification by participation in either: 

1. USCG Auxiliary basic boat operators course; 

2. U.S. Power Squadron basic boat operators course; 

3. U.S. Department of the Treasury Marine Law Enforcement Training Program; or 

4. equivalent USCG or NOAA approved boat operator training course. 

c. CPR and First Aid Training. All boat operators shall have current Red Cross or equivalent 

certification in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and First Aid. 

d. Assistance. Additional information pertaining to operator training is available on line at the NOAA


Small Boat Program web site.


.08 Accident Reporting and Investigation.


a. NOAA activities shall follow all existing policy regarding the reporting of accidents. 

b. Senior Field Managers, or their designee, shall notify the NOAA Small Boat Program Coordinator 

of a motorboat accident or incident when it involves: 

1. unintentional grounding for greater than 24 hours; 

2. explosions; 

3. sinking; 

4. fire; 

5. collisions involving breach of hull integrity; 

6. any incident which results in damage in excess of $10,000 by or to the motorboat, its systems, or 

its equipment; 

7. incapacitating injury requiring professional medical attention, hospitalization for greater than 72 

hours, or loss of life of any person; 

8. unintentional and extensive flooding (self bailing boats excluded); 

9. discharge of oil or any substance capable of producing a sheen upon the water; 

10. failure of gear and equipment and any other damage that may affect or impair a vessel's 

seaworthiness; or 

11. damage to a protected or endangered natural resource. 

c. When an accident meets the criteria in Section 7.08b. of this Order, and the cause of the accident 

is not clearly evident, the Senior Field Manager shall initiate an investigation. Findings and 

recommendations from the investigation shall be made available to the Senior Field Manager, 

Program Manager, NOAA Small Boat Program Coordinator, NMAO Small Boat Engineer, the 

Director, NMAO, and NOAA's Chief Financial Officer/Chief Administrative Officer (NOAA's 

CFO/CAO). 

d. Findings and lessons learned from an accident or accident investigation shall be distributed by the 

NOAA Small Boat Program Coordinator to the NOAA small boat user community. The identity of the 

vessel, personnel, and NOAA program will remain anonymous. 

SECTION 8. INSPECTION OF BOATS.


.01 Purpose. NOAA's boat inspection program is designed to ensure that standards of safety are


maintained at an acceptable level in order to minimize risk. See Appendix A of this Order, NOAA


Boat Inspection, for detailed inspection program guidance and procedures.


.02 Inspection Criteria.


94

a. General. Inspection criteria will be determined by NMAO, with NOAA program involvement. 

Inspection criteria will be adapted from the most relevant regulations pertaining to boats of similar 

employment. 

b. Safety, Fire Fighting, and Life Saving. The minimum safety, fire fighting, and life saving equipment 

requirements for boats are derived from USCG regulations for recreational vessels and are located 

in Table 1.0 to Appendix A of this Order. 

c. Communications and Navigation. The minimum communication and navigation equipment 

requirements for boats are based on the distance from shore that the boat will operate and are 

located in Table 2.0 to Appendix A of this Order. 

SECTION 9. BOAT IDENTIFICATION AND REGISTRATION. 

.01 General. A uniform identification scheme is necessary to develop and promote public recognition


of NOAA boat activities in the coastal environment. A uniform numbering system is required by U.S.


Code for the purpose of identification.


.02 Requirements. Visual identification and registration requirements are provided in Appendix B to


this Order.


SECTION 10. NOAA SMALL BOAT PROGRAM WEB SITE. 

.01 General. A NOAA Small Boat Program web site shall be maintained: 

a. to promote the exchange of operational best practices and methods; 

b. to serve as a pool of corporate knowledge; 

c. to provide resources relating to training, engineering, and operational support; 

d. to provide resources and guidance related to operational risk assessment, VOMs, and VPs; and 

e. to facilitate the practical implementation of this Order.


.02 URL. The NOAA Small Boat Program web site is located at www.sbp.noaa.gov.


SECTION 11. RECORDS MANAGEMENT.


.01 Inspection Reports. Maintained by NMAO.


.02 Vessel Operation Manuals (VOMs) and Vessel Policy (VP). Maintained by the NOAA field


activity. Copies shall be provided to the NOAA Small Boat Program Coordinator.


.03 Risk Assessment Records. Records generated during risk assessments shall be maintained at


the NOAA field activity.


.04 Alteration Records. Engineering documents or drawings detailing alterations to motorboats shall


be maintained at the NOAA field activity.


.05 Operator Training Records. Operator training and certification records shall be maintained at the


NOAA field activity.


.06 Boat Inventory. Boat inventories and hull registration numbers shall be maintained by the NOAA


Small Boat Program.


SECTION 12. EFFECT ON OTHER ISSUANCES. 

This Order supersedes NAO 217-103 dated June 20, 1991.


95

SAFETY COMMITTEE SAFETY EVALUATION FORM 

PLEASE POPULATE AND SAVE THIS FORM ELECTRONICALLY. 

Name: 

Date: 

Vessel: 

Do you have any safety concerns not addressed in the Safety Manual? 

How can we improve safety during the survey? 

How can we improve the Safety Manual? 

Please list any injuries, accidents, near misses or hazards you encountered during 

this leg: 

Did you file an electronic Injury or Near-Miss Form? 

Additional comments: 

96