U.S. Geological   Survey Fact Sheet 118-00  Online version 1.0

**Historically   Active Volcanoes in Alaska—A Quick Reference**

*By*

**Kristi   L. Wallace, Robert G. McGimsey, and Thomas P. Miller**

| **ABSTRACT**

More         than 40 active volcanoes occur in Alaska. This report summarizes historical         data on those volcanoes, using information drawn from the more thorough         and comprehensive U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Open-File Report 98-582,         Catalog of the Historically Active Volcanoes of Alaska. In Alaska, written         historical records began about 1760, when Russian sailors and fur traders         first explored the southern mainland coast and the Aleutian Islands. Many         early accounts of volcanic eruptions are brief and incomplete, and numerous         eruptions likely went unreported. Undoubtedly, some accounts mistakenly         reported eruptions or misidentified the active volcano. Reports of low-level         emission of steam and gas have been omitted. |
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| **KEY**        Number on map—**VOLCANO** (star next to volcano on map shows volcano         monitored by Alaska Volcano Observatory)        • Type of volcano        • Location (NP, national park; AP, Alaska Peninsula; AI, Aleutian         Islands)        • Latitude, longitude; highest elevation; vents        • USGS 1:250,000 quadrangle map(s) with coverage        • Historical activity (record began in 1760; “?” indicates         uncertainty) |
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**1—WRANGELL**  • Shield volcano with summit caldera  • 80 km east of Glennallen in Wrangell St. Elias NP  • 62°00’N., 144°01' W.; 4,317 m  • Gulkana, Nebesna, Valdez, McCarthy quads.  • Rare minor steam plumes and phreatic ash

**2—SPURR**  • Stratovolcano and explosion caldera  • 127 km west of Anchorage  • 61°18’N., 152°15’W.; 3,374 m; 2,309 m, Crater Peak   satellite flank vent (3.5 km south of summit)  • Tyonek quad.  • Jul. 1953, Jun.-Sept. 1992 (Crater Peak)

**3—REDOUBT**  • Stratovolcano  • 175 km southwest of Anchorage, Aleutian Range in Lake Clark NP  • 60°28’N., 152°45’W.; 3,108 m, 1.5 km-wide, ice-filled   summit crater  • Kenai quad.  • 1902, 1966-68, 1989-90

**4—ILIAMNA**  • Stratovolcano  • 219 km southwest of Anchorage, Aleutian Range in Lake Clark NP  • 60°02’N., 15304’W.; 3,053 m; ~2,740 m, fu-maroles on east   flank  • Lake Clark quad.  • Intense seismic swarm May and Aug. 1996; fumaroles

**5—AUGUSTINE**  • Stratovolcano with central dome cluster  • 285 km southwest of Anchorage, Augustine Island, Lower Cook Inlet  • 59°23’N., 153°26’W.; 1,260 m  • Iliamna quad.  • 1812, 1883, 1908?, 1935, 1963-64, 1976, 1986

**6—KATMAI**  • Stratovolcano with central caldera  • 434 km southwest of Anchorage, AP, Katmai NP  • 58°16’N., 154°59’W.; 2,047 m  • Mt. Katmai quad.  • Jun. 1912

**7—NOVARUPTA**  • Plinian pyroclastic vent with plug dome  • 442 km southwest of Anchorage, AP, Katmai NP  • 58°16’N., 155°09’W.; 841 m  • Mt. Katmai quad.  • Jun. 1912

**8—TRIDENT**  • Cluster of 3 stratovolcanoes with a dome complex  • 443 km southwest of Anchorage, AP, Katmai NP  • 58°14’N., 155°07’W.; 1,097 m (elev. of 1953 dome)  • Mt. Katmai quad.  • 1953-74

**9—MAGEIK**  • Composite volcano  • 452 km southwest of Anchorage, AP, Katmai NP  • 58°11’N., 155°14’W.; 2,165 m  • Mt. Katmai quad.  • 1927?, 1929?, 1936?, 1946?

**10—MARTIN**  • Stratovolcano and lava flow field  • 458 km southwest of Anchorage, AP, Katmai NP  • 58°10’N., 155°21’W.; 1,860 m  • Mt. Katmai quad.  • 1913-19?, May 1927, Jul. 1951, Feb. 1953, sum-mers of 1953-54?

**11—PEULIK**  • Stratovolcano with summit and flank domes  • 533 km southwest of Anchorage, AP  • 57°45’ N., 156°21’W.; 1,474 m  • Ugashik quad.  • 1814, 1852

**12—UKINREK   MAARS**  • Maar  • 532 km southwest of Anchorage, AP  • 57°50’N., 156°30’W.; 91 m  • Ugashik quad.  • Mar.-Apr. 1977

**13—CHIGINAGAK**  • Stratovolcano  • 610 km southwest of Anchorage, AP  • 57°08’N., 157°00’W.; 2,135 m; 1,600 m, large fumaroles   on north flank  • Ugashik quad.  • 1852?, 1929?, 1971?; fumaroles

**14—ANIAKCHAK**  • Stratovolcano with summit caldera and intracaldera cones  • 676 km southwest of Anchorage, AP  • 56°53’N., 158°10’W.; 1,341 m, caldera rim; 1,021   m, intracaldera cone  • Chiginik quad.  • 1931

**15—VENIAMINOF**  • Stratovolcano with summit caldera  • 784 km southwest of Anchorage, AP  • 56°10’N., 159°23’W.; 2,507 m, caldera rim; 2,156   m, intracaldera cone  • Chignik quad.  • 1830-40?, Aug. 4, 1838, 1852, 1874, 1892, 1930, May 23-Jun. 26, 1939,   Nov. 1939, Mar. 28, 1944, Mar-May 1956, Jun. 1983-Apr. 84, 1993-95

**16—PAVLOF**  • Stratovolcano  • 953 km southwest of Anchorage, southwest AP  • 55°25’N., 161°54’W.; 2,518 m  • Port Moller quad.  • 1790, 1825, 1838, 1844, 1846, 1852?, 1866, 1880, 1886, 1892, 1894, 1906,   1910-11, 1914, 1917, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1929, 1931,1936, 1937, 1942, 1945, 1947,   1948, 1950, 1951, 1953, 1962,1966, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1980, 1981, 1983, Apr.   1986-Aug. 88, Sept. 1996-Jan. 97

**17—DUTTON**  • Stratovolcano with summit dome complex  • 989 km southwest of Anchorage, southwest tip of AP  • 55°11’N., 162°16' W.; 1,473 m  • Cold Bay quad.  • Intense seismic swarms in 1984 and 1988

**18—ISANOTSKI**  • Stratovolcano  • 1,086 km southwest of Anchorage, Unimak Island, eastern AI  • 54°45’N., 163°44' W.; 2,446 m  • False Pass quad.  • 1795, 1825, 1830, 1845

**19—SHISHALDIN**  • Stratovolcano  • 1,098 km southwest of Anchorage, Unimak Island, eastern AI  • 54°45’N., 163°58’W.; 2,857 m  • False Pass quad.  • 1775-78, 1790, 1824-25, 1827-30, 1838, 1842?, 1845 1865, 1880-81, 1883,   1897-99, 1901, 1912, 1922, 1925, 1927-28, May-Jun. 1929, Feb.-May 1932, Aug.   1946-Jan. 47, 1948, Jul. 1955, Dec. 28, 1963, Jan. 28, 1967, Sept.13 (Oct.?),   1975,  Apr.-May 1976, Feb. 8, 1978, Feb. 1979, Mar. 1986-Feb. 87, 1995-96, Apr.-May   1999

**20—FISHER**  • Stratovolcano with caldera and intracaldera domes  • 1,127 km southwest of Anchorage, Unimak Island, eastern AI  • 54°39’N., 164°26’W.; 1,112 m, caldera rim; 183 m,   caldera lake  • Unimak quad.  • 1795?, 1826?, 1830?

**21—WESTDAHL**  • Possibly a pyroclastic cone on a truncated ancestral stratovolcano or   shield volcano  • 1,147 km southwest of Anchorage, Unimak Island, eastern AI  • 54°31’N., 164°39' W.; 1,560 m  • Unimak quad.  • 1796, 1820, 1827-30, 1964, Feb. 1978, Feb. 1979, Nov. 1991-mid Jan. 92

**22—AKUTAN**  • Stratovolcano with caldera  • 1,238 km southwest of Anchorage, Akutan Island, eastern AI  • 54°08’N., 165°58’W.; 1,303 m  • Unimak quad.  • 1790, 1828, 1838, 1845, Mar. 1848, 1852, 1865, 1867, 1883, 1887, 1892,   1896, 1907, 1908, 1911, 1912, 1928, Dec. (May?) 1929, May-Aug. 1931, Dec. 1946-Jan.   47, Apr.-Aug. 1948, Oct. 1951, 1953, Mar.-May 1973, Feb. 11, 1974, Oct. 1976-May   77, Sept.-Oct. 1978, Jul. 1980, Jan.-Mar. 1987, Jun. 1987, Mar.-Apr. 1988, Mar.-May   1992, intense seismic swarm Mar. 1996

**23—MAKUSHIN**  • Stratovolcano with caldera and parasitic cone  • 1,301 km southwest of Anchorage, Unalaska Island, eastern AI  • 53°53’N., 166°56’W.; 1,800 m  • Unalaska quad.  • 1768-1779, 1790, (1792?), 1802, 1818, Jun 1826, 1827-38, 1845, 1865,   1867, 1883, 1907, 1912, Dec. 1926, Oct. 1938, Dec. 20, 1951, 1952, 1980

**24—BOGOSLOF**  • Stratovolcano  • 1,349 km southwest of Anchorage, Bogoslof Islands  • 53°56’N., 168°02’W.; 150 m  • Umnak quad.  • May 1796-1804, 1806-23, (1882?) Sept. 1883-95, Mar. 1906-Jan. 07?, Jan.   1907, Sept. 1909-10, Jul. 1926-31?, Sept. 1951, Jul. 1992

**25—OKMOK**  • Central shield complex with nested caldera  • 1,397 km southwest of Anchorage, Umnak Island, (westernmost of Fox Islands),   eastern AI  • 53°24’N., 168°10’W.; 1,073 m  • Umnak quad.  • 1805, Mar. 1817, 1824-30, 1878, 1899, Mar.-May 1931, 1936, 1938, Jun.   1943, Jun.-Dec. 1945, Aug. 1958, Oct. 1960, Mar. 24, 1981, Jul. 8, 1983, Nov.   1986-Feb. 88, Feb.-Apr. 1997

**26—VSEVIDOF**  • Stratovolcano  • 1,443 km southwest of Anchorage, Umnak Island (westernmost of Fox Islands),   eastern AI  • 53°08’N., 168°41’N.; 2,149 m  • Umnak quad.  • 1784, May 30, 1790, 1817, 1830, 1878, 1880, Mar. 1957?

**27—KAGAMIL**  • Stratovolcano  • 1,504 km southwest of Anchorage, Kagamil Island (northeasternmost of   the Islands of Four Mountains)  • 52°58’N., 169°43’W.; 893 m  • Samalga Island quad.  • Dec. 1929, summers 1953-54

**28—CARLISLE**  • Stratovolcano  • 1,526 km southwest of Anchorage, Carlisle Island (Islands of Four Mountains)  • 52°54' N., 170°03’W.; 1,620 m  • Amukta quad.  • 1774, 1828, 1838, Nov. 1987

**29—CLEVELAND**  • Stratovolcano  • 1,526 km southwest of Anchorge, Chuginadak Island (Islands of Four Mountains)  • 52°49’N., 169°57’W.; 1,730 m  • Samalga Island quad.  • 1893, 1897, 1929?, Jan. 1932, 1938, Jun. 1944, Nov.-Dec. 1951?, 1975?,   Apr. 28-Jul. 1986, Jun.-Aug. 1987, May 25, 1994

**30—YUNASKA**  • Shield volcano with caldera and associated stratocones  • 1,573 km southwest of Anchorage, Yunaska Island (Islands of the Four   Mountains)  • 52°38’N., 170°38’W.; 550 m  • Amukta quad.  • 1817, 1824, 1830, 1929?, Nov. 1937

**31—AMUKTA**  • Stratovolcano  • 1,614 km southwest of Anchorage, Amukta Island (westernmost of the Islands   of Four Mountains)  • 52°30’N., 171°15’W.; 1,066 m  • Amukta quad.  • 1770?, 1786-91, 1876, Feb. 1963, Jul. 1984, Aug.-Sept. 1987, Jul.-Sept.   1996

**32—SEQUAM   (PYRE PEAK)**  • Stratovolcano within caldera(?)  • 1,689 km southwest of Anchorage, Seguam Island, central AI  • 52°19’N., 172°31’W.; 1,054 m  • Seguam quad.  • 1786-90, 1827, Dec. 1891, spring 1892, 1901?, 1927, Mar. 1977, Dec. 27,   1992, Jul. 31-Aug. 19, 1993

**33—KOROVIN**  • Stratovolcano  • 1,965 km southwest of Anchorage, Atka Island, central AI  • 52°23’N., 174°09’W.; 1,533 m  • Atka quad.  • 1812 (Kliuchef)?, 1829-30, 1844, 1907?, 1951?, 1953-54?, 1973, 1976?,   May 1986, Mar. 1997, Jun. 1998

**34—KASATOCHI**  • Stratovolcano  • 1,848 km southwest of Anchorage, Kasatochi Island, central AI  • 52°11’N., 175°30’W.; 314 m  • Atka quad.  • 1760?, 1827, 1828

**35—GREAT   SITKIN**  • Stratovolcano with caldera and dome  • 1,887 km southwest of Anchorage, Great Sitkin Island, central AI  • 52°05’N., 176°08’W.; 1,740 m  • Adak quad.  • 1792, 1828-29, 1904, Nov. 1933, Mar. 1945, Aug. 1946, 1949-50?, Feb.-Sept.   1974

**36—KANAGA**  • Stratovolcano with caldera  • 1,951 km southwest of Anchorage, Kanaga Island (Andreanof Islands)  • 51°55’N., 177°10’W.; 1,307 m  • Adak quad.  • 1763?, 1768?, 1786?, 1790?, 1791, 1827, 1829, 1904?-May 06, 1933?, 1993-95

**37—TANAGA**  • Stratovolcano with two flanking stratocones  • 2,003 km southwest of Anchorage, Tanaga Island (western Andreanof Islands)  • 51°53’N., 178°08’W.; 1,806 m  • Gareloi Island quad.  • 1763-70?, Jun. 7, 1791, 1829, 1914

**38—GARELOI**  • Stratovolcano  • 2,043 km southwest of Anchorage, Gareloi Island(western Andreanof Islands)  • 51°47’N, 178°48’W; 1,573 m  • Gareloi Island quad.  • 1760, 1790-92, 1828-29, 1873, 1922, 1927, Apr. 1929-30, Aug.-Sept. 1980,   Jan. 1982, Sept. 1987, Aug. 1989

**39—CERBERUS   (SEMISOPOCHNOI)**  • Stratovolcano with intracaldera cones  • 2,009 km southwest of Anchorage, Semisopochnoi Island (easternmost of   Rat Islands)  • 51°56’N., 179°35’W.; 800 m  • Rat Islands quad.  • 1772, 1790, 1792, 1830, 1873?, Sugarloaf (satellite cone )1987

**40—LITTLE   SITKIN**  • Stratovolcano with nested calderas  • 1,963 km southwest of Anchorage, Little Sitkin Island (Rat Islands)  • 51°57’N., 178°32’W.; 1,188 m  • Rat Islands quad.  • 1776, 1828-30, 1900?

**41—KISKA**  • Stratovolcano  • 1,898 km southwest of Anchorage, Kiska Island (westernmost of Rat Islands)  • 52°06’N., 177°36’W.; 1,220 m  • Kiska quad.  • 1907, 1927, Jan. 24, 1962, Mar. 18, 1964, Sept. 11-16, 1969, Apr. 15,   1987?, Jun. 1, 1990

For more   information contact:  Alaska Volcano Observatory  4200 University Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508-4664  Tel. (907) 786-7497 Fax (907) 786-7425  To learn more about Alaska's volcanoes, visit the website   for Alaska Volcano Observatory

Learn more   about volcanoes and the hazards they pose at the USGS Volcano Hazards Program website

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### U.S.   GEOLOGICAL SURVEY–REDUCING THE RISK FROM VOLCANO HAZARDS

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For questions about the   content of this report, contact Kristi Wallace

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URL of this page:   https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/fs118-00/  Maintained by: Michael Diggles  Created: September 21, 2000  Last modified: June 3, 2005 (mfd)