F I L E D

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

APR 30 2002

PATRICK FISHER

Clerk

PUBLISH

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

TENTH CIRCUIT

KRISTJA J. FALVO, as parent and

next friend of her minor children,

Elizabeth Pletan, Philip Pletan and

Erica Pletan; and on behalf of all

others similarly situated,

Plaintiff-Appellant, 

v.

OWASSO INDEPENDENT SCHOOL

DISTRICT NO. I-011, a/k/a, Owasso

Public Schools; DALE JOHNSON,

individually and in his official

capacity as Superintendent; LYNN

JOHNSON, individually and in her

official capacity as Assistant

Superintendent; RICK THOMAS,

individually and in his official

capacity as Principal; JOHN DOE,

sued as: Does 1 through 50,

Defendants-Appellees. 

No. 99-5130

ON REMAND FROM THE SUPREME COURT 

OF THE UNITED STATES 

(S.C. No. 00-1073) 

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the N. District of Oklahoma

(D.C. No. 98-CV-765-K)
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Wilfred K. Wright, Jr. of Tulsa, Oklahoma, for Appellant.

Karen L. Long of Rosenstein, Fist & Ringold, Tulsa, Oklahoma, (Jerry A.

Richardson with her on the brief), for Appellees.

Before LUCERO, McKAY, and MURPHY, Circuit Judges.

MURPHY, Circuit Judge.

This case is before the court on remand from the United States Supreme

Court. See Owasso Indep. Sch. Dist. No. I-011 v. Falvo, 122 S. Ct. 934, 941

(2002). In Falvo v. Owasso Independent School District No. I-011, 233 F.3d

1203 (10th Cir. 2000), this court considered the legal implications of a grading

procedure wherein teachers would have their students grade one another’s work

assignments and tests and then would have the students call out their own grades

to the teacher. See id. at 1207. In particular, the plaintiff-appellant asserted that

the use of this grading procedure violated both her children’s Fourteenth

Amendment right to privacy and the Federal Education Rights and Privacy Act

(“FERPA”). See id. In brief, this court held that the practice of peer grading did

not implicate the Fourteenth Amendment right to privacy. See id. at 1208-12. We

reached the opposite conclusion with regard to the FERPA claim, however,

concluding that the grading procedure violated FERPA. See id. at 1213-18. We
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nevertheless affirmed the district court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of

the individual defendants as to Falvo’s claims for monetary relief on the ground

that the individual defendants were entitled to qualified immunity. See id. at

1218-19. This court remanded the case to the district court for further

proceedings on Falvo’s claims for injunctive and monetary damages against the

defendant school district and claims for injunctive relief against the individual

defendants. See id. at 1219-20.

The Supreme Court granted the school district’s petition for a writ of

certiorari to review this court’s conclusion that the peer grading procedure

violated FERPA. See Owasso Indep. Sch. Dist. No. I-011 v. Falvo, 533 U.S. 927

(2001). The Court ultimately concluded that the peer grading practice at issue

here does not violate FERPA. See Owasso Indep. Sch. Dist., 122 S. Ct. at 940-41. 

The court remanded the case to this court for further proceedings consistent with

its opinion. See id. at 941. In response, this court issued an order on March 28,

2002, vacating its prior judgment and reopening the case.

Having reviewed the Supreme Court’s recently issued opinion, we conclude

as follows. Those portions of our opinion disposing of plaintiff-appellant’s

Fourteenth Amendment claims are unaffected by the Supreme Court’s mandate. 

Accordingly, this court reinstates Parts II, III.A, and III.B of the panel opinion. 

See Falvo, 233 F.3d at 1207-1210. In light of the Supreme Court’s conclusion
1This court likewise vacates Part III.C.1 of the panel opinion wherein we

discussed whether a violation of FERPA was actionable under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. 

See Falvo v. Owasso Indep. Sch. Dist. No. I-011, 233 F.3d 1203, 1210-13 (10th

Cir. 2000). We reached that question, despite the fact that it had not been raised

by the parties, because it was possible that its resolution implicated this court’s

subject-matter jurisdiction. See id. at 1210-11. The Supreme Court concluded,

however, that it could exercise subject-matter jurisdiction over the case without

regard to whether FERPA could be enforced under § 1983 because plaintiffappellant’s “federal claim is not so ‘completely devoid of merit as not to involve

a federal controversy.’” Owasso Indep. Sch. Dist. No. I-011 v. Falvo, 122 S. Ct.

934, 938 (quoting Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Env’t, 523 U.S. 83, 89

(1998)). In light of the Court’s conclusion in this regard and the procedural

posture of this case, we conclude that the more prudent course is to vacate our

previous discussion of this question, leaving the question for a later day when it is

raised by the parties and its resolution may well be dispositive.

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that the peer grading at issue in this case does not violate FERPA, we vacate Part

III.C.2 of the panel opinion.1

 See id. at 1213-18. Furthermore, the Supreme

Court’s conclusion that the actions of the defendants did not violate FERPA

obviates the need to discuss the availability of qualified immunity. See Siegert v.

Gilley, 500 U.S. 226, 232-33 (1991) (holding that federal courts must first address

whether a plaintiff has asserted a violation of a constitutional or statutory right

before proceeding to question of whether that right is clearly established). 

Accordingly, this court vacates Parts III.D and IV of the panel opinion. See

Falvo, 233 F.3d at 1218-20.

Because the peer grading practice at issue here does not implicate the

Fourteenth Amendment and does not violate FERPA, the district court’s grant of
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summary judgment in favor of all defendants is hereby AFFIRMED. The

mandate shall issue forthwith.