SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY NUMBER 18 

The Genus Aphelandra 

(Acant haceae) 

Dieter C. Wasshausen 

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS 

City of Washington 

1975 
ABSTRACT 

Wasshausen, Dieter C. The genus Aphelandra (Acanthaceae). Smithsonian 

Contributions to Botany, number 18, 157 pages, 56 figures, frontispiece, 1975.- 

The purpose of this study is to discuss, in an orderly fashion, all of the known 

and recognized species of Aphelandra, so that botanists in the future may be 

able to identify their collections of the genus and detect further undescribed 

species. The genus was proposed in 1810 by Robert Brown to include three 

disjunct species of Justicza. The only comprehensive treatment of the genus 

appeared in 1847, when Nees von Esenbeck published a total of 47 species in 3 

genera, two of which are in synonymy. As a result of the present study, in 

addition to the 31 newly described species, 167 taxa (165 species and 2 varieties) 

are considered as adequately describing the entities in this genus. The range of 

the genus extends from southern Mexico to northern Argentina and Brazil, 

being conspicuously absent in the West Indies. It is found at elevations between 

sea level and 4000 meters, in extremely local distribution in virgin forests. 

Aphelandra, one of the larger genera of the family Acanthaceae, is completely 

void of cystoliths, the familiar character by which most acanthaceous plants are 

recognized. Its flowering spikes are often large and beautifully colored, even 

to the bracts and bractlets, and in certain species variegated or colored leaves 

occur. Important characters in the genus that link large series of species are the 

presence or absence of spiny interpetiolar bracts; of teeth, spiny or otherwise, 

on the margins of the leaf blades or flower bracts; and of ocelli on the flower 

bracts. These plants are, as a rule, widely scattered and are often only sparingly 

floriferous, Intergrades between species are unknown, and species represented by 

more numerous collections exhibit very few pronounced variations in appearance 

or in essential characters. 

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded 

in the Institution’s annual report, Smithsoflian Year. SI PRESS NUMBER .5069. SERIES COVFR 

DESIGN: Leaf clearing from the katsura tree Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold and Zuccarini. 

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 

Wasshausen, Dieter C. 

The genus Aphelandra (Acanthaceae) 

(Smithsonian contributions to botany, no. 18) 

Sup. of Docs. no.: SI 1.29: 18. 

Bibliography: p. 

1. Aphelandra. I. Title. 11. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to 

botany, no. 18. 

QKlS2747 no. 18 [QK495.A1655] 581’.08s [583.81! 743108 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, US. Government Printing Office 

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $2.80 (paper cover) 
Contents 

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................. 

Pollen .................... 

List of Illustrated Species .................. .................... 

Aphelandra R. Brown . . , , . . ................... .................... 

..................... 

A. @orphyrocarpa Leonard ................. .. ........................ 

A. acanthus Nees , ,.. , .. , , , , , , ,. ,_ ....................................... 

A. eurystoma Mildbraed .......... 

........... ............... 

A. acanthifolia Hooker ................................................ 

A. tillettii Wasshausen .............. 

A. grangeri Leonard ................ 

A. euopla Leonard ................. 

............................ 

A. rusbyi Britton ...................................... ............... 

A. rubra Wasshausen .............. .................................... A. dasyantha Wasshausen ............................... ............. 

A. juninensis Wasshausen ........... 

........... 

........... A. formosa (Humboldt & Bonpland) Nees ........................... 

A. mwtisii Leonard ............................................. 

A. luyensis Lindau ................. 

A. weberbaueri Mildbraed . . 

A. mucronata (Ruiz & Pavbn) .................................... 

A. crispata Leonard .................. .................................... 

A. castanifolia Britton .............. .......................... 

A. Iyrata Nees ...................... .......................... 

A. cuscoensis Wasshausen , . , , , , , , , , . .................................... 

A. peruviana Wasshausen ..................................................... 

.................................... 

.......................................... 

A. longibracteata Lindau ........................ ............ 

A. lamprantha Leonard . . 

A. dukei Wasshausen ...................................... 

A. deppeana Schlechtendal & Chamisso .................. 

A. storkii Leonard ............................................................ 

A. lasia Leonard .............................................................. 

A. hytaea Leonard ................................ 

A. chamissmiana Nees ........................................................ 

A. ornata (Nees) T. Anderson ................................................. 

A. sulphurea Hooker ............................ 

A. nemoralis Nees ............................................................ 

............................................... 

A. phrynioides Lindau .... .......... ............................... 

iii 
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A. ............... ignea (Schrader) Nees ex Steudel .................... 

A. obtusifolia (Nees) Wasshausen, new combination ....... 

A. tridentafta Hemsley ............... ................................... 

A. dunlapiana Standley & L. 0. Williams ................. A. aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley .................................... 

............... 

............... 

A. aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley 

A. aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley 

A. aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley var. nitens (Hooker) Wasshausen, 

new combination . . 

A. tonduzii Leonard 

A. seibertii Leonard ................. 

A. neesiana Wasshausen, new name ....................................... 

........................... 

A. maximiliana (Nees) Bentham ............................ .......... 

............ 

A. pamiflora Leonard ................................................... 

A. caput-medusae Lindau ..................................................... 

A. decorata (Nees) Wasshausen, new combination .............................. 

A. adscendens Leonard ........................................................ 

A. fasciculata Wasshausen ..................................................... 

A. aristei Leonard ............... ....................... 

A. trianae Leonard ........................................................... 

A. xanthantha Leonard ..... 

A. sericantha Leonard ........................................................ 

A. fernandezii Leonard ....................... 

A. sinclairiana Nees ........................................................... 

A. grandis Leonard ............................. 

A. darienensis Wass .................................................... 

A. garciae Leonard ........................................................... 

A. straminea Leonard ................................................. 

A. micans Moritz ex Vatke .................................................... 

A. taborensis Leonard .... ..................... 

A. at'tenuata Wasshausen ...................................................... 

A. crenata Leonard . . ........................ 

A. Eingua-bovis Leona ..................... 

A. chaponensis Leonard ....................................................... 

A. hartwegiana Nees ex Bentham .............................................. 

A. scolnikae Leonard .... ........ ..... 

A. pharangophila Leonard .................................................... 

A. barkleyi Leonard ............................................. 

A. pulcherrima (Jacquin) Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth ................. 

A. mildbraediana Leonard .................................................... 

..................................... 

.............. A. albert-smithii Leonard ..................................................... 

iv 
107. A. gracilis Leonard 

108. A. dielsii Mildbraed 

..........._. 

............. 

,............. 

............. 

................ 

........................... 

............._ 

.................... .. 

........ .. . 

...................... 

121. A. variegata Morel 

.............. 

......................... 

125. 

126. 

127. A. nefihoica Wasshausen . . . , . . 

128. 

A. martiusii Washausen, new name . . , , , . , . . . . . . , . . , . . , . . , . , , . , . . . . . . . , . . . . , . . 

A. squarrosa Nees , . , . , . , , , . , . , , . , , , , , . . , . . . . , . . ...................... 

A. andrei Leonard , , . , , , , . , , . . . . , , , , , , , , . . ................... 

129. 

130. 

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132. 

133. 

134. 

135. 

136. 

137. 

138. 

139. 

140. 

141. 

A. camfiii Wasshausen . , , , , , .................................... 

A. acrensis Lindau , . . . , . . . , , , , , , . . , . . . , . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . . . 

A. diachyla Leonard 

A. marginata Nees & Martius . . , , . . . , . . , . , . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . 

A. nuda Nees 

A. tomentosa Lindau 

A. hapala Wasshausen . . , . . . , . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . , . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , . . . . . . . . 

A. colombiensis Lindau ex Leonard 

A. steyermarkii Wasshausen . . . . . . . . , . . , . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . 

A. lasiophylla Leonard , , , , . , , , . , , , . , . . , , , , . . . . . , . , , , . , . , , , , , , , , , . . , . . , . . . , . . . . 

A. limbatifolia Lindau , , . . , , , , , . . , , , , , , . , , . . . . . , . . , , , , , , 

A. verticillata Nees ex Hemsley . . , 

. . , . . . . . . . . . . .................................... 

. . . . . , . , . . . . . . .......................................... 

. . . . . . . , , . . , , . , , . . . . . , . , . .. . . . . . . , . ................ 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................ 

A. pinarotricha Leonard . . . . , , , . . .. . , ......t......................... 

...................... 

142. A. latibracteata Wasshausen , . . . , , . . , 

143. 

144. 

145. 

146. 

147. 

149. A. guayasii Wasshausen .................................................. 

150. A. lawranceae Leonard ........................................................ 

151. 

152. A. galba Wasshausen ......................................................... 

154. A. cuatrecasasii Leonar .......................................... 

156. A. paulensis Wasshausen ...................................................... 

157. A. liboniana Linden ex Hooker 

158. A. bradeana Rizzini , . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

159. A. dodsonii Wasshausen 

160. A. conformis Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , , , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . 

161. A. dolichantha Donne11 Smith . . , , . . , , . . . . , , , . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . , . . . . , . , . . . . 162. A. amele,ta Leonard .......................................................... 

163. 

164. A. alexandri Leonard ............................... 

165. A. schiedeana Schlechtendal & Chamisso. . , . , , . , , . . . . . . . , . . , . , . . . . . . . . . , . . , . , , . . 

References . . , . . . , , . . , . , , . , . . . . . , . . . . . . , , . . . . . . , , , , , , . . , , . . . , . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . , . . 

Figures 1-56 ................................................................ ...... 

.. .. ..... .. . . . ... .. . , . . , . . . . . .... . .. 

A. mmtis-scalaris Lindau ex Pilger , . . . , , . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

A. madrensis Lindau , , , , , . , , , , . , . , , . , , . . . . . . . .. . , . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

A. lineariloba Leonard 

A. jacobinioides Lindau . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . , . . . , . . . . . , 

A. stephanophysa Nees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... ... 

. . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . .................... 

148. A. phlogea Leonard . . . . . .................................. .. 

A. arisema Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . , . . 

153. A. diffusa Wasshausen .... ...,............ 

155. A. prismatica (Vellozo) Hiern . , . . . . , . . . . . ............................... 

. . . . . . . . . . . . ............................... 

. . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................... 

A. gigantiflora Lindau . . , , . . . . . . . . , . . . . , . . , , , , , . . . . . , . . . . . . . . , . . . . . .. 

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V 

The Genus Aphelandra 

(Acanthaceae) 

Dieter C. Wasshausen 

Introduction 

During the course of routine identifications of the 

family Acanthaceae from South America, any attempt to determine specifically the material of the 

genus Aphelandra under present consideration 

proved very unsatisfactory. As a result ol this and 

because of the inadequacy of many of the original 

descriptions, as well as types or authentic material, 

the author decided to monograph this large neotropical genus. 

The genus Aphelandra belongs to the subfamily 

Acanthoideae, tribe Aphelandreae. Its nearest relative is probably the Old-world genus Crossandra, 

consisting of about 50 species from Africa and Asia. 

In Crossandra, the upper lip is absent or the corolla 

is dorsally deeply clefted, whereas in Aphelandra 

the upper lip is present. In the New World, Aphelandra’s nearest relative is the genus Stenandrium, 

distinguished from Aphelandra in that it is usually a 

subcaulescent or acaulescent herb, with short nonimbricate bracts, a narrowly cylindric, rarely enlarging corolla tube, and a slightly two-lipped 

corolla with subequal, spreading lobes. 

Aphelandra, one of the larger genera of the family 

Acanthaceae, is completely void of cystoliths, the familiar character by which most acanthaceous plants 

are recognized. Its flowering spikes are often large 

and beautifully colored, even to the bracts and bractlets, and in certain species variegated or colored 

leaves occur. Because of this and the nectar-yielding, 

Dieter C. Wasshausen, Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. 

proterogynous flowers, ornithophily (hummingbirds) and possibly myrmecophily are important factors in the pollination systems of these shade plants. 

Important characters in the genus, which link large 

series of species, are the presence or absence of spiny 

interpetiolar bracts, of teeth, spiny or otherwise, on 

the margins of the leaf blades or flower bracts, and of 

ocelli on the flower bracts. These ocelli may be represented by one to several rather large oval brownish or 

blackish glands plainly visible under a lens or even to 

the unaided eye, or again they may be very numerous 

and minute, visible only under a high magnification. 

Without the aid of high magnification, these minute 

ocelli appear as more or less irregular dark alveolar 

areas on the floral bracts. 

In one large group of species, the pulcherrimatetragona complex, the lower lip of the corolla initially appears to be entire and seems to consist of a 

single segment. A careful examination will, however, 

reveal two small lateral lobes, adnate to the basal portion of the upper lip with only their tips free and 

appearing as small rounded or triangular projections. 

Because of their tropical nature and scarcity, little 

is known about the cytology of the genus. Diploid 

chromosome numbers have been reported for four 

cultivated species, as follows (in Bolkhovskikh et al., 

1969): A. aurantiaca and A. chamissoniana, 2n = 28, 

reported by Y. Takizawa in 1957; A. cristata (= A. 

tetragona), 2n = 68, reported by Narayanan in 1951; 

and A. fulgens (= A. deppeana), 2n = 56, reported 

by M. Pal in 1964. 

The genus is of little economic importance. Some 

of the species have beautiful and conspicuous flowers 

and bracts and are sometimes found in cultivation. In 

1 
2 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

spite of their attractiveness, however, most of these 

are difficult to raise, thrive only in greenhouses, and 

even there require special care. 

The range of the genus Aphelandra extends from 

southern Mexico to northern Argentina and Brazil. 

No specimens of the genus are found in the West 

Indies. Like most Acanthaceae, they are of extremely 

local distribution in undisturbed forests and are 

rarely collected in secondary growth. This pronounced endemism explains why so many of the 

species are still known only from the original collection, and some may never be found again. Moreover, 

many collections have been made in the vicinity of 

settlements and along mountain and stream trails 

whereas relatively few collections have come from 

uninhabited forests, which are the preferred habitats 

of the family. Even within suitable areas the plants 

are, as a rule, widely scattered and often only sparingly floriferous. As a result of this rarity, only a 

relatively small number of the species are represented 

in any one herbarium. 

As far as I could ascertain, the species of Aphelandra are apparently not in a very plastic state. Intergrades between species are unknown, and even species 

represented by more numerous collections exhibit 

very few pronounced variations in appearance or in 

essential characters. 

The actual rarity of the species can be shown by 

considering those known from Brazil. In 1847, Nees 

von Esenbeck in Martius’ Flora Brasiliensis described 

20 new species for that country. Of those, 12 are still 

known today only from the type-specimen. For that 

reason, as an aid to rapid identification, I have inserted geographic data in the key. 

No attempt has been made here (except for a brief 

discussion to indicate some of the possible relationships of novelties to allied species) to consider the 

phylogeny of the species. Additional exploration and 

extensive field work is needed to complete my knowledge of the genus. The purpose of this monograph is 

to discuss, in an orderly fashion, all of the known and 

recognized species of Aphelandra, so that botanists 

in the future may be able to identify their collections 

of the genus or use the key to detect further undescribed species. 

I wish to extend my sincerest thanks and appreciation to Drs. Lyman B. Smith and Kittie F. Parker for 

their time and helpful assistance in directing my 

research and in checking the manuscript. Dr. John 

J. Wurdack deserves my special thanks for generously 

sharing with me his vast neotropical experience and 

in selecting for my study several critical loans from 

European herbaria. 

In addition to the extensive collections of the 

United States National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution, I have studied numerous collections from 

many European and American herbaria. These herbaria are cited in abbreviations, according to Lanjouw and Stafleu’s code in Index Herbariorum, after 

each collector’s number. To the curators and keepers 

of the institutions mentioned in this work, I wish 

to acknowledge my deep appreciation. 

History 

The genus Aphelandra was proposed by Robert 

Brown in his Prodromus of the Flora of NewHolland in 1810 under Justicia to include the following species: Justicia pulcherrima Jacquin, J. 

scabra Vahl, and 1. cristata Jacquin. 

One of the first species to be scientifically recorded 

was A. pulcherrima, collected by Nicolaus Joseph von 

Jacquin near Cartagena, Colombia, and published 

by him in 1762 as Justicia pulcherrima. In 1821 

Schrader introduced the name Synandra for S. ignea 

in order to accommodate a Brazilian collection made 

by Maximilian Prinz zu Wied-Neuwied. Rafinesque 

founded the genus Amathea in 1838, based on Jacquin’s J. pulcherrima. His characteristically contracted diagnosis is as follows (Rafinesque, 1838:65): 

989. AMATHEA Raf. cal. 5 part. cor. ringens, tubo, compr. 

faux ampliate, galea erecta bifida, lab. 3 fid. medio major 

lanc, deflexa. Stam. 4 subeq. frutic. fl. spic. bract.-Type 

Am. pulchru Raf. Justicia do Jacq. pict. 259. 

Probably Rafinesque never saw any of the plants concerned but rather founded his new genus on the 

illustration and description of Jacquin. 

The genus Strobilorhachis was established by 

Klotzsch (1839) upon two species, S. glabra and S. 

hirta Klotzsch. He (1841) distinguished the genus 

from Aphelandra as not having didynamous stamens 

and the presence of a staminode. He further distinguished the genus as having long highly colored 

spikes, quadrifariously imbricated bracts, and a 

campanulate corolla throat. Nees von Esenbeck, the 

foremost student in his time of the Acanthaceae, 

accepted Strobilorhachis in his treatment of this 

family (in Martius, 1847). He further added that the 

stigma here was compressed, funnel-shaped and two- 
NUMBER 18 3 

lobed, whereas in Aphelandra it was simply twotoothed. In 1891, Joseph Dalton Hooker, in Curtis’ 

Botanical Magazine rejected the new genus, stating 

that the characters upon which it was distinguished 

were neither clear nor constant. He showed the 

stigma of S. blanchetiana Nees (= A. blanchetiana) 

to be funnel-shaped, but quite entire, proving that 

this organ varies considerably in the genus. 

The genus Hydromestus was established by Scheidweiler (1842a) for an in’troduced cultivar, H. maculatus Scheidweiler, erroneously attributed to Mexico. 

He did not distinguish his new genus from Aphelandra, Nees (1847a:291) citing the species without 

any explanation under his new genus Lagochiliurn. 

Similarly, Scheidweiler (1842b) published a second 

genus, Hemisandra, based on plants grown in the 

Jardin Botanique de Bruxelles in the year 1839 from 

seeds procured from Mexico. John Lindley (1845), 

transferred this new genus to Aphelandra, without 

having seen Scheidweiler’s publication, stating that 

the type-species (H. aurantiaca Scheidweiler) could 

not be distinguished from other well-known species 

of Aphelandra. 

Still another genus, Lagochilium, was proposed by 

Nees (in Martius, 1847). He distinguished his new 

genus from Aphelandra by its nearly regular corolla 

limb and by its generally herbaceous nature. It 

seemed to be intermediate between Aphelandra and 

Stenandrium. Six species were initially described by 

Nees. The first of these L. maximilianum Nees, by 

virtue of its being illustrated, was chosen by Leonard 

(1953: 127), as the type-species. Anderson (1864) regarded the two previously treated distinct genera, 

Lagochiliurn and Aphelandra, as congeneric and 

consequently united them under Aphelandra. Both 

Bentham and Hooker (1876) and Lindau (in Engler 

and Prantl 1895) agree with Anderson in recognizing 

only the genus Aphelandra. 

Nees (1847a) further distinguished within Aphelandra a section Stenochila, consisting of species in 

which the lateral lobes of the lower lip are at least 

four times smaller than the middle lobe; and a section Platychila, consisting of species in which the 

lobes of the lower lip are almost equal or at least the 

lateral lobes not more than three times smaller than 

the middle lobe. The latter section (Platychila), he 

further divided into subsection Genuinae, in which 

the leaf blades are entire, without marginal spines; 

and subsection Acanthoideae, in which the leaf 

blades are serrate or pinnately lobed, and the margins usually spiny. Bentham and Hooker (1876) regarded these two sections as being artificial but 

Gustav Lindau (1895) adhered to them faithfully, 

describing all of his new species in one of the two 

sections. 

In 1948, Carlos Toledo Rizzini repudiated the two 

sections as not being very distinct. Emory C. Leonard (1953) a tireless worker of the neotropical Acanthaceae, likewise rejected the two sections and 

subsections in his treatment of the genus. With the 

addition of more specimens available for study, I am 

able to recognize only 43 of his 72 newly described 

species from Colombia. I agree with both Rizzini 

and Leonard that the two sections should no longer 

be retained as subdivisions of the genus Aphelandra. 

In 1895, Lindau based his accounts on some 60 

species; Nees von Esenbeck (1847a) on about 47 

species in 3 genera. As a result of my studies, I consider 167 taxa to be adequate to describe the entities 

in this genus. Of these 167 taxa (165 species and 2 

varieties), 31 species are considered to be new to 

science. 

Pollen 

The Acanthaceae have long been noted for their 

great variation in pollen structure. Probably no 

other family has such a wide range of pollen morphological features. The value of these characters 

in the taxonomic diagnosis of the Acanthaceae was 

first pointed out by Radlkofer in 1883, and it was 

on the basis of his work that Lindau (1895) elaborated the use of pollen morphology as the chief basis 

for his classification of the family. 

The genus Aphelandra generally has the most 

common form of pollen grains of the subfamily 

Acanthoideae, namely the three-colporate, found 

in most of the tribes. Lindau (1895:282) attributed “Spaltenpollen” (ellipsoidal grains with 3 

longitudinal clefts, often with fine-granulated to 

netted sexine) to Aphelandra. 

In an attempt to ascertain additional morphological characters and with the arrival of the, then 

novel, Cambridge scanning-electron microscope, the 

author proceeded to survey the pollen grains of 60 

species of Aphelandra. After examining numerous 

specimens of each species, several major pollen 

types were found. More significant, though, is the 

fact that these pollen types do not correlate sufficiently with similar characteristics of the inflores- 
4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

cence and size and shape of the corollas. The following patterns were observed: 

1. The pollen grains of A. flummea from Ecuador 

(Figure 49) and A. variegata from Brazil (Figure 

50), are somewhat unique; they are not of the 

“Spaltenpollen” type usually found in Aphelandra 

but rather that of the type described by Lindau 

(1904:Z (4):322) for the genus Encephalosphaera. 

The pollen grains here are prolate spheroidal, 56p 

and 7 1p in diameter respectively, verrucose, the 

sexine of A. flammea being serpentine-cerebriform, 

and the furrows of both species appear to be converging in a manner suggesting that the surface of 

each grain is divided into six tetragonal sections. 

2. Prolate and perprolate pollen grains with a 

distinctly verrucose sexine were found in such diverse species as A. chrysantha from Ecuador (Figures 45, 46), A. marginata from Brazil (Figures 41, 

42), and A. weberbaueri from Peru (Figure 43). 

Their size ranging from 65p-86p in length and 

25p-5Op in diameter. 

3. Subprolate and spheroidal pollen grains were 

respectively found in A. steyermarkii from Venezuela (Figures 54, 55), and A. dielsii from Ecuador 

(Figures 52, 53). 

4. Prolate pollen grains with a smooth sexine 

and tectal perforations were observed in three 

Mexican species, namely A. madrensis (Figures 22, 

23), A. schiedeana (Figure 24), and A. lineariloba 

(Figure 25), but these were distinctly lacking in a 

fourth closely related Mexican species A. guerrerensis (Figure 10). 

5. Perprolate pollen grains with a distinctly vermiculate sexine were found in such separate species 

as A. peruviana from Peru (Figures 26, 27), A. 

chamissoniana from southeastern Brazil (Figure 

28), and A. formosa from Ecuador (Figure 33). 

6. Prolate pollen grains with a striatoreticulate 

sexine were found in numerous distinctly separated 

species, such as, A. mutisii from Ecuador (Figure 

20), A. wurdackii from Peru (Figure 30), A. claussenii from Brazil (Figure ll), A. bahiensis from 

Brazil (Figure 12), and A. sinclairiana from Panama (Figure 34). 

These observations proved very interesting in 

that both the size and the shape as well as the 

sexine structure and the aperture varied considerably in the specimens studied. Unfortunately, as 

is commonly the case in tropical studies, fresh material was not available, and all of my observations 

were made from dried herbarium specimens. It 

will be necessary to examine living pollen grains 

in order to determine the amount of variation 

within a species. 

Nevertheless, the two conclusions that can be 

drawn from this study are (1) that there is considerable new evidence for the use of pollen characters in classification of Aphelandra at the 

specific level, and (2) that Lindau’s (1894, 1895) and 

Bremekamp’s (1938) rearrangements of the tribes 

and genera in the family based primarily on the 

interpretation of pollen relationships is rather unconvincing in light of the variability of the pollen 

within a genus. 

Phytochemistry Data 

In the fall of 1971, the author undertook a 

feasibility study in the Department of Botany and 

the Cell Research Institute of the University of 

Texas at Austin to determine both the number 

and types of flavonoids present in the genus 

A phelandra. 

Dried plant material (leaves and/or bracts) was 

extracted with slightly acedifid 85 percent methanol at room temperature. This extract was then 

applied to a sheet of Whatman 3 MM chromatographic paper (46 X 57 cm). Chromotography was 

carried out by the descending method, using tbutano1:acetic acid:water (3: 1: 1 v/v) as the first 

solvent, and 15 percent acetic acid as the second 

solvent. The flavonoids were detected both in the 

presence and absence of ammonia vapor by ultraviolet light. 

Briefly, the chromatographic patterns of about 

30 diverse species showed that between 20 and 30 

different flavonoids could be detected in the genus 

Aphelandra. The positions of these compounds are 

illustrated in a composite chromatographic profile 

(Figure 56). It is important to note here that no 

individual plant contained all of them. Three major areas were arbitrarily designated for reference 

purposes, since it is fairly well established that 

flavonoids of a similar type are generally clustered 

around the same area of a chromatogram. Area 

number 1 involves spots numbered 8-12. These 

compounds are easily distinguished by virtue of 

their golden yellow color in ultraviolet light with 

the absence of ammonia vapor, and are suggestive 

of the flavonol-7-glycosides. Area number 2 involves 
NUMBER 18 5 

spots numbered 1-7. These compounds are distinguished by their dark purple color, which remains 

constant in the presence of ammonia vapor. They 

are in a position usually occupied by flavone or 

flavonol aglycones. Area number 3 (spots numbered 13-24) is occupied by the most variable and 

heterogeneous groups of flavonoids. This area, the 

upper left and center of the chromatogram is generally occupied by flavonol-3-glycosides. Although 

the flavonoids were not identified by standard 

chemical methods (Beckman DB spectrophotometer), a number of them could readily be determined 

by comparing the UV spectra, RC values, and spot 

colors of the unknown with those of about 175 

known flavonoids. 

On the basis of the chromatographic data available, it appears that Aphelandra would be a good 

genus for further study of the interspecific biochemical variation in taxa covering a wide geographical range. 

Alphabetical List of Aphelandra Species 

7. A. acanthifolia Hooker 

3. A. acanthus Kees 

130. A. acrensis Lindau 

106. A. albert-sinithii Leonard 

164. A. alexandri Leonard 

162. A. atneleta Leonard 

128. A. andrei Leonard 

151. A. arisema Leonard 

81. A. aristei Leonard 

58. A. arnoldii Mildbraed 

93. A. attenuata \$'asshausen 

79. A. adscendens Leonard 

54. A. 

54a. A. 

54c. A. 

54b. A. 

62. A. 

100. A. 

20. A. 

120. A. 

109. A. 

77. A. 

116. A. 

158. A. 

129. A. 

76. A. 

30. A. 

45. A. 

96. A. 

aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley 

aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley \ar. aurantiaca 

aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley var. nitens 

(Hooker) Washausen, new combination 

aurnntiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley var. stenophylla 

Standley 

bahiensis (Sees) \%'asshausen, new combination 

barkleyi Leonard 

benoistii Wasshausen 

blanchetiana (Nees) Hooker 

blandii Lindau 

botatiodes Leonard 

boyacensis Leonard 

bradeana Rizzini 

campii M'asshausen 

caput-medusae Lindau 

castanifoliu Britton 

chamissoniana Nees 

chaponensis Leonard 

14. A. 

9. A. 

21. A. 

118. A. 

136. A. 

117. A. 

160. A. 

94. A. 

28. A. 

154. A. 

33. A. 

88. A. 

17. A. 

78. A. 

41. A. 

131. A. 

108. A. 

153. A. 

1.59. A. 

161. A. 

39. A. 

53. A, 

12. A. 

4. A. 

80. A. 

chrysantha Wasshausen 

cinnabarinn Wasshausen 

cirsioides Lindau 

claussenii Wasshausen, new name 

colom,biensis Lindau ex Leonard 

colorata (Vellozo) Wasshausen, new combination 

conforinis Leonard 

crenata Leonard 

crispata Leonard 

cuatrecasasii Leonard 

cuscoensis Wasshausen 

darienensis Wasshausen 

dasyantha \\'asshausen 

decorata (Sees) \fasshausen, new combination 

deppeana Schlechtendal & Chamisso 

diachyla Leonard 

dielsii hlildbraed 

diousa Wasshausen 

dodsonii \\'asshausen 

dolichantha Donnell Smith 

dukei Wasshausen 

dutilapiana Standley & L. 0. IVilliams 

euopla Leonard 

eu rys to m a M ildbraed 

fasciculata \\'asshausen 

85, 

68. 

57. 

123. 

22. 

72. 

152. 

89. 

163. 

64. 

107. 

87. 

11. 

149. 

56. 

135. 

97, 

110. 

55. 

36. 

119. 

124. 

6. 

44. 

50. 

40. 

35. 

147. 

18. 

115. 

5. 

38. 

43. 

A. fernandezii Leonard 

A. ferreyrae Wasshausen 

A. panimea Wasshausen 

A. paua h'ees 

A. formosa (Humboldt & Bonpland) Nees 

A. fosbergii Leonard 

A. galba Wasshausen 

A. garciae Leonard 

A. gigantiflora Lindau 

A. goodspeedii Standley & Barkley 

A. gracilis Leonard 

A. grandis Leonard 

A. grangeri Leonard 

A. guayasii Wasshausen 

A. guerrerenszs Wasshausen 

A. hapala \\'asshausen 

A. hartwegiana h'ees ex Bentham 

A. haughtii Leonard 

A. heydeana Donnell Smith 

A. hieronynii Grisebach 

A. hintonii Tt'asshausen 

A. hirta (Klotzsch) IVasshausen, new combination 

A. hurlensis Leonard 

A. hylaea Leonaid 

A. ignea (Schrader) Nees ex Steudel 

A. impressa Lindau 

A. inaequalis Lindau 

A. jacobinioides Lindau 

A. pnineiiszs Ifasshausen 

A. kingii Wasshausen 

A. kolobantha Lindau 

A. lanipranftha Leonard 

A. lasia Leonard 
6 

138. A. 

142. A. 

150. A. 

157. A. 

139. A. 

146. A. 

95. A. 

37. A. 

24. A. 

32. A. 

104. A. 

34. A. 

114. A. 

65. A. 

145. A. 

132. A. 

125. A. 

67. A. 

91. A. 

102. A. 

$0. A. 

143. A. 

27. A. 

23. A. 

61. A. 

48. A. 

127. A. 

133. A. 

63. A. 

51. A. 

74. A. 

46. A. 

73. A. 

113. A. 

156. A, 

29. A. 

13. A. 

99. A. 

148. A, 

49. A. 

103. A. 

140. A. 

tasioph y lla Leonard 

latibracteata Wasshausen 

lawranceae Leonard 

liboniana Linden ex Hooker 

limbatifolia Lindau 

lineariloba Leonard 

lingua-bovis Leonard 

longibracteata Lindau 

luyensis Lindau 

lyrata Nees 

macrophylla Leonard 

macrosiphon Lindau 

macrostachya Nees 

maculata (Tafalla ex Nees) Voss 

madrensis Lindau 

marginata Nees & Martius 

martiusii Wasshausen, new name 

maximiliana (Nees) Bentham 

micans Moritz ex Vatke 

mildbraediana Leonard 

mollis (Nees) Leonard 

montis-scalaris Lindau ex Pilger 

mucronata (Ruiz & &Pav6n) Nees 

mutisii Leonard 

neesiana Wasshausen, new name 

nemoralis Nees 

nephoica Wasshausen 

nuda Nees 

obtusa (Nees) Wasshausen, new combination 

obtusifolia (Nees) Wasshausen, new combination 

ochrolaqmx Leonard 

ornata (Nees) T. Anderson 

paruiflora Leonard 

pawispica Leonard 

paulensis Wasshausen 

peruviana Wasshausen 

phaina Wasshausen 

pharangophila Leonard 

phlogea Leonard 

phrynioides Lindau 

pilosa Leonard 

pinarotricha Leonard 

2. 

155. 

101. 

71. 

8. 

16. 

1. 

15. 

165. 

112. 

98. 

60. 

84. 

66. 

C” 13. 

A. porphyrocarpa Leonard 

A. prismatica (Vellozo) Hiern 

A. pulcherrima (Jacquin) Humboldt, Bonpland, & 

A. quadrifaria Leonard 

A. reticulata Washausen 

A. rigida Glaziou ex Mildbraed 

A. rubra Wasshausen 

A. runcinata Klotzsch ex Nees 

A. rusbyi Britton 

A. schiedeana Schlechtendal & Chamisso 

A. schieferae Leonard 

A. scolnikae Leonard 

A. seibertii Leonard 

A. sericantha Leonard 

A. silvicola Leonard 

Kunth 

86. A. 

122. A. 

126. A. 

144. A. 

137. A. 

42. A. 

90. A. 

47. A. 

19. A. 

92. A. 

105. A. 

69. A. 

111. A. 

10. A. 

134. A, 

59. A. 

82. A. 

52. A. 

121. A. 

141. A. 

31. A, 

26. A. 

25. A. 

83. A. 

SXIITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

sinclairiana Nees 

speciosa T. S. Brandegee 

squarrosa Nees 

stephanophysa Nees 

steyermarkii Wasshausen 

storkii Leonard 

strarninea Leonard 

sulphurea Hooker 

superba Lindau 

taborensis Leonard 

terryae Standley 

tessmannii Mildbraed 

tetragona (Vahl) Nees 

tillettii Wasshausen 

tomentosa Lindau 

tonduzii Leonard 

trianae Leonard 

tridentata Hemsley 

variegata Morel 

verticillata Nees ex Hemsley 

viscosa Mildbraed 

weberbaueri Mildbraed 

wurdackii Wasshausen 

xanthantha Leonard 

List of Illustrated Species 

Photographs for most of the following species 

of Aphelandra were made with the scanningelectron microscope (Cambridge model), at magnification between X 800 aild X 5500: 

1. A. runcinata Klotzsch ex Nees, Figure 32 

3. A. acanthus Nees, Figure 48 

7. A. acanthifolia Hooker, Figures 1, 39 

10. A. tillettii Wasshausen, Figure 35 

11. A. grangeri Leonard, Figure 31 

14. A. chrysantha Wasshausen, Figures 45, 46 

18. A. juninensis Wasshausen, Figure 37 

22. A. formosa (Humboldt & Bonpland) Nees, Figures 2, 

23. 

25. 

26. 

27. A. mucronata (Ruiz & Pavon) Xees, Frontispiece 

29. 

35. 

45. 

50. A. ignea (Schrader) Sees ex Steudal, Figure 38 

54a. A. aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley var. aurantiaca, 

55. 

56. 

57. 

62. A. bahiensis (Nees) TVasshausen, new combination, 

65. A. maculata (Tafalla ex Sees) Voss, Figure 14 

67. A. maximiliana (Nees) Bentham, Figure 5 

33 

A. mutisii Leonard, Figure 20 

A. ruurdackii LVasshausen, Figure 30 

A. weberbaueri Mildbraed, Figure 43 

A. Feruviana LVasshausen, Figures 26, 27 

A. inaequalis Lindau, Figure 21 

A. charnissoniana Nees, Figure 28 

Figure 47 

A. heydeana Donne11 Smith, Figure 4 

A. guerrerensis, Wasshausen, Figure 10 

A. flamniea Wasshausen, Figure 49 

Figure 12 
NUMBER 18 

76. A. 

86. A. 

101. A. 

107. A. 

108. A. 

111. A. 

112. A. 

118. A. 

121. A. 

123. A. 

126. A. 

132. A. 

137. A. 

139. A 

141. A. 

143. A. 

145. A 

146. A. 

caput-m'edusae Lindau, Figure 8 

sinclairiana Nees, Figures 6, 34 

pulcherrima (Jacquin) Humboldt, Bonpland, & 

Kunth, Figure 17 

gracitis Leonard, Figure 16 

dielsii Mildbraed, Figures 52, 53 

tetragona (Vahl) Nees, Figure 7 

schieferae Leonard, Figure 19 

claussenii Wasshausen, new name, Figure 11 

variegata Morel, Figures 50, 51 

~~QVQ Nees, Figure 9 

squarrosa, Nees, Figure 40 

rnarginata Nees & Martius, Figures 41, 42 

steyermarkii Wasshausen, Figures 54, 55 

limbatifolia Lindau, Figure 29 

verticillata Nees ex Hemsley, Figure 18 

montis-sclaiis Lindau ex Pilger, Figure 13 

madrensis Lindau, Figures 22, 23 

lineariloba Leonard, Figure 25 

147. A. jacobinioides Lindau, Figure 15 

157. A. liboniafla Linden ex Hooker, Figure 36 

159. A. dodsonii Wasshausen, Figure 44 

165. A. schiedeana Schlechtendal & Chamisso, Figure 24 

Aphelandra R. Brown 

Aphelandra R. Brown, Prodr. F1. Nov. Holl. 475. 1810. 

Synandra Schrader, Maxim. Princ. Videns. It. 2:343. 1821 

[type: S. ignea Schrader]. 

Amathea Rafinesque, F1. Tellur. 10:65. 1838 [type: A. 

pulchra (Jacquin) Rafinesque]. 

Strobilorhachis Klotzsch in Otto & Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz. 

7:307. 1839 [type: S. glabra Klotzsch]. 

Hydromestus Scheidweiler in Otto & Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz. 

10:285. 1842 [type: H. nia~ulatus Schiedweiler]. 

Hemisandra Scheidweiler, Bull. Acad. Sci. Bruxelles 9:22. 

1842 [type: H. aurantiaca Scheidweiler]. 

Lagochiliurn Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:85. pl. 10. 1847 

[type: L. maximilianun Nees, chosen by Leonard, 1953, by 

virtue of its being illustrated]. 

Hemitome Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:88. 1847,Nees in 

de Candolle, Prodr. 11:295. 1847 [nomen nudum]. 

Poecilocnemidis Martius ex Nees in Martius F1. Bras. 9:88 

1847.-Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:295. 1847 [nomen 

nudum]. 

Shrubs or suffrutescent herbs; stems erect, rarely 

absent or extremely short, terete or quadrangular, 

soft-wooded, occasionally thick and succulent; leaves 

opposite, rarely ternate or quaternate, petiolate, 

the blades usually large, oblong to elliptic, membraneous to firm, toothed, lobed, entire, or crenate, 

the upper surface usually drying dark-olivaceous, 

the lower surface somewhat paler, the costa and 

lateral veins rather prominent beneath, often variegated white to yellowish, especially near the base, 

the margins occasionally armed with spines; interpetiolar bracts usually absent (if present, small, 

the veins excurrent, ending in 1-5 straight, sharp, 

yellowish spines); flowers of various shades of red, 

yellow, orange or occasionally white, cream or pale 

mauve, borne in terminal or subterminal usually 

large-bracted spikes, the spikes rarely secund, lax 

or few-flowered, often subtended by a pair of 

leaflike bracts, the rachis angular; bracts usually 

imbricate, somewhat spreading with age, the upper 

ones becoming gradually smaller, the lowermost 

(especially in the spiny species) intergrading into 

stem leaves, often colored, entire, toothed, spinose-dentate, or ciliate, coriaceous, herbaceous or 

rarely membranaceous, occasionally carinate and/ 

or conduplicate, those of certain species bearing 

dorsally on either side near the margin a group of 

ocelli, these few, oval or suborbicular, brownish, 

nitid, rather conspicuous, or very numerous and 

minute, appearing even under magnification as a 

more or less irregular, dull, alveolar area; bractlets 

small, various, in a few species rudimentary, commonly striate-nerved, subhyaline, rarely colored, 

carinate or subcarinate, occasionally falcate; calyx 

divided nearly to the base into 5, subequal segments, these occasionally exceeding the bracts, usually lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous or 

chartaceous, striate-veined, the posterior segment 

usually broader than the others and sometimes 

toothed at tip (in a few species the calyx is rudimentary) ; corolla tube erect or somewhat oblique, 

cylindric or rarely obconical, slightly ampliate upwardly, the limb usually bilabiate, the upper lip 

erect, bilobed or entire, the lobes often connivent, 

revolute, obtuse, the lower lip reflexed-spreading, 

3-lobed, the middle lobe often longer than the 

lateral ones, these sometimes very small, rarely 

vestigial, and adnate to the base of the upper lip; 

stamens 4, usually slightly exserted, but rarely if 

ever exceeding the upper corolla lip; filaments epipetalous, smooth, broad, flattened; anthers narrow, 

one-celled, often pilose dorsally and cohering at 

tips by webby hairs, occasionally bearing a sterile 

theca; pollen grains narrowly oblong or ellipsoid, 

obtuse, commonly about twice as long as wide; 

staminode rarely present, filiform or lobulate; 

ovary cylindric, glabrous, with 2 ovules in each 

loculus, disc inconspicuous; style commonly exceeding anthers, filiform, the stigma infundibular, 

entire, bifid, or rarely unequally trifid; capsule 
8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

ovoid or cylindric, usually shortly stipitate, 4- TYPE-SPEcIEs.-Aphelandra pulcherrima (Jacseeded, the valves of the capsule recurved after quin) Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth based on 

dehiscence; retinacula cucullate at tip; seeds some- Justicia pulcherrima Jacquin. 

what flattened, dark brown, almost circular in out- The generic name Aphelandra is derived from 

line, usually papillose, wrinkled, muricate, borne two Greek words, “apheles” meaning smooth and 

on acute retinacula. “andros” meaning anther. 

Key to the Species of Aphekndra 

1. Stems distinctly armed by spiny, interpetiolar bracts ................................................................ 2 

2. Leaf blades lyrate-pinnatifid or incised ............................................................................................ 3 

Leaf blades dentate or serrate or serrate-dentate, not lobed, commonly spine-tipped .......... 8 

3. Corollas glabrous. Colombia and Venezuela .......................................................... 1. A. runcinata 

Corollas pubescent, tomentose, hirsute or hirtellous ................................................................... 4 

4. Corollas yellow ..................................................................................................................................... 5 

Corollas red, purple, or pale mauve ................................................................................................ 6 

Stems unarmed, i. e., without spiny interpetiolar bracts ............................................... 

5. Stems glabrous or minutely and sparingly puberulous; caIyx segments rounded and 

mucronate. Colombia ................................................................................ 2. A. porphyrwmpa 

Stems hirsute to subtomentose: calyx segments abruptly narrowed to an acute tip. 

Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru ................................................................................. 3. A. acanthus 

6. Inflorescence much branched, forming a broad loose corymb about 25 cm in diameter. 

Inflorescence a terminal and occasionally axillary spike up to 4 cm broad .......................... 7 

7. Calyx segments lanceolate, 9 mm long, 2-3 mm wide at base; corollas pale mauve. Bolivia 

............................................................................................................................... 5. A. blobantha 

Calyx segments oblong-lanceolate, 23-25 mm long, 3.5-5 mm wide; corolla red. Colombia.. . 

........................................................................................................................................ 6. A. huilensis 

8. Bracts entire, terminating in a spine ............................................................................................... 9 

Bracts spiny-margined ...................................................................................................................... 16 

9. Corolla pubescent .................................................................................................................................. 10 

Corolla glabrous ............................................................................................................................... 15 

Peru ............................................................................................................................. 4. A. eurystoma 

10. Leaf blades pubescent, hirsute, strigose or pilosulous ................................................................ 11 

Leaf blades glabrous or the costa and veins bearing a few weak hairs ................................ 13 

11. Bracts triangular-ovate, 6-7 mm wide. Ecuador and Peru ......................... .7. A. acanthifolia 

Bracts lanceolate, to 4 mm wide .................................................................................................. 12 

12. 

Leaf blades 21-26 cm long and 4.5-5.5 cm wide. Ecuador ...................... 9. A. cinnabarha 

13. Flowers borne in rather dense, terminal and subterminal spikes up to 7 cm long and 

2 cm broad (excluding corollas) ............................................................................................. 14 

Flowers borne in lax terminal and subterminal spikes 11-15 cm long and 0.8 cm broad 

(excluding corollas). Peru ......................... ..................................................... 10. A. tillettii 

Leaf blades to 10 cm long and 3 cm wide. Venezuela ............................... 8. A. retidata 

14. Bractlets and calyx segments conspicuously densely ciliate. Colombia and Educador .... 

................................................................................................................... 11. A. grangeri 

Bractlets and calyx segments glabrate, very sparingly ciliate. Colombia ........... 12. A. euopla 

15. Bracts reddish; calyx red; corolla crimson. Ecuador ......................................... 13. A. fihaina 

Bracts pale-green; calyx yellowish green; corolla yellow. Ecuador ......... 14. A. chrysantha 

16. Bracts conspicuously colored, red, greenish at tip, or the upper side reddish, the lower 

green with reddish and orange-yellow spots ............................................................................ 17 

Bracts not conspicuously colored, green ......................................................... ..18 

17. Bracts puberulent, acute, the margins bearing on each side 46 slender, spinose teeth. 

Bolivia ............................................................................................... 15. A. rusbyi 

Bracts glabrous, acuminate, the margins bearing on each side 11-13 slender, spinose teeth. 

Peru and Bolivia .......................................................................... 16. A. rubra 

..................... 
NUMBER 18 9 

18. Leaf blades thin, submembranaceous, 27-32 cm long, 12-14 cm wide. Ecuador and Peru .... 

17. A. dnsyantha ....................................................................................................................................... 

Leaf blades thick, coriaceous or subcoriaceous, to 24 cm long and 9 cm wide ...................... 19 

Leaf blades relatively short, to 13 cm long and 4 cm wide ....................................................... 21 

Peru ........................................................................................................................ 18. A. junimsis 

Both leaf surfaces velutinous-pubescent. Ecuador ................................................. 19. A. SUperba 

21. Lower leaf surface glabrous except the sparingly pilose costa and veins ................................ 22 

Lower leaf surface densely velvety or softly tawny pilose or subtomentose ......................... 23 

22. Bracts rhombate, the margins tipped by a pair of distinctively yellow spines. Ecuador .......... 

...................................................... ......................................................................... 20. A. benoistii 

Ecuador and Peru ..................................................................................................... 21. A. cirsioides 

23. Bracts triangular-ovate, 5-10 mm long, about 4 mm wide. Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia ........ 

............................................................................................................................................ 22. A. formosa 

Bracts narrowly oblong, 15-20 mm long, about 6 mm wide. Colombia and Ecuador .............. 

........................................................................................................................... 23. A. mutisii 

24. Leaf blades lyrate-pinnatifid or coarsely serrate or the margins armed .................................. 25 

Leaf blades entke or undulate, or rarely shallowly crenate ....................................................... 38 

25. Bracts entire or bearing one or two minute and inconspicuous teeth near the tip ........... 26 

Bracts (at least lower) conspicuously dentate-ciliate, spinose-toothed or spinose-dentate .... 3 2 

Ecuador and Peru ........................................................................................................ 24. A. ZUyaSiS 

tomentose, strigillose or piIosuIous ............................................................................................... .27 

27. Leaf blades small, 8-11 cm long and to 4 cm wide. Peru .................................. 25. A. wurdackii 

Leaf blades large, 20-40 cm long and 6.5-14 cm wide .................................................................. 28 

imbricate and appressed .................................................................................................................. 30 

19. Leaf blades 21-24 cm long and 5.5-9 cm wide .............................................................................. 20 

20. Both leaf surfaces glabrous or the costa and lateral nerves sometimes sparingly tomentose. 

Bracts ovate to obovate, the m spinose-dentate, tipped by 3 or more pairs of spines. 

26. Leaf blades densely pubescent, with yellowish spreading hairs, the lower surface velvety. 

Leaf blades glabrous or sparingly pilosulous or the costa and nerves sparingly and minutely 

28. Flowers borne in lax terminal spikes, the distant bracts scarcely imbricate .......................... 29 

Flowers borne in dense terminal or on short axillary spikes, the bracts rather loosely 

29. Bracts triangular-ovate, 5-7 mm long, webby-villous without. Peru .......... 26. A. weberbuuen' 

Bracts ovate, 15 mm long, glabrous to sparingly hirsute without. Peru ..... 27. A. mucronata 

30. Bracts purple or red, noticeably crisped or twisted, 3.5-4.5 cm long, 17.5 mm wide 

Bracts green, not crisped or twisted, 1-3 cm long, 3-4 mm wide .............................................. 31 

31. Terminal spike 6-7 cm long, about 2 cm in diameter (excluding corollas). Peru ...................... 

....................................................................................................................................... 29. A. fieruviana 

Terminal spike 10-12 cm long, about 1 cm in diameter (excluding corollas). Bolivia .......... 

.................................................................................................... ............................ 30. A. castm-folia 

32. Leaf blades (especially the lower) lyrate to lyrate-pinnatifid ...................................................... 33 

Leaf blades serrate to dentate or sinuate-serrate but not lobed .............................................. 34 

33. Bracts broadly elliptic to elliptic-ovate, densely glandular-pilose. Peru ............ 31. A. viscosa 

Bracts lance-subulate to oblong, sparingly pilosulous. Peru .................................... 32. A. Zyrata 

34. Bracts red, elliptic, about 35 mm long. Peru ........................................................ 33. A. cuscoensis 

Bracts green, lanceolate to triangular-ovate, to 20 mm long ...................................................... 35 

35. Upper corolla lip 13-22 mm long, 6-8 mm wide at base, bilobed, the lobes 5-10 mm 

Upper corolla lip 12 mm long, 3 mm wide at base, scarcely bifid. Peru and Bolivia .............. 

36. Corolla red, the upper lip 13-14 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, the lower lip 10-15 mm long .... 37 

Corolla yellow, the upper lip 22 mm long, 8 mm wide, the lower lip 24 mm long. Bolivia .... 

37. Leaf blades oblonglanceolate, 5-13 cm long, 1.4-3 cm wide. Bolivia and Argentina ............ 

36. A. hieronymi Leaf blades oblong, 15-27 cm long, 5-9 cm wide. Bolivia .................... 37. A. Zongibracteata 

Colombia ........................................................................................................................ 28. A. crispata 

long and 2.5 mm wide .................................................................................................................... 36 

................................ .................................................................................. .34. A. macrosiphon 

....................................................................................................................................... 35. A. inaequalis 

.................................................................................................................................. 
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

38. Bracts toothed .................................................................................................................................... 39 

39. Bracts bearing ocelli or submarginal glands .................................................................................. 40 

Bracts without ocelli or submarginal glands ................................................................................ 46 

40. Leaf blades narrowly lanceolate, to 2.5 cm wide ......................................................................... 4 1 

41. Corollas 5 cm long, 6 mm broad at mouth, the upper lip 17 mm long. Colombia ................. 

......................................................................................................................... 38. A. lamprantha 

Corollas about 4 cm long, 4.5 mm broad at mouth, the upper lip 10 mm long. Panama ...... 

............................................................................................................... 39. A. dukei 

42. Tips of bracts slender and spreading or recurved. Venezuela and northern Colombia ...... 

................................................................................................................................. 40. A. imFessa 

Tips of bracts erect, acuminate or acute to subobtuse and minutely apiculate ................. 43 

America ...................................................................................................... .41. A. deppeana 

Bracts 18-28 mm long, 8-12 mm wide, acute to subobtuse and minutely apiculate ......... 44 

Leaf blades ovate, 13 cm wide, short-acuminate. Costa Rica ......................... ..42. A. storkii 

45. Bracts light brown, densely pilose. Colombia ............................................................ 43. A. lasia 

................................................................................................................................. 44. A. hylaea 

Corollas 0.7-2.5 cm long ................................................................................................. 61 

47. Bracts conduplicate ........................................................................................................ 48 

Bracts ........................................................................................................................................ entire 8 2 

Leaf blades not narrowly lanceolate, 2.5-13 cm wide ..................................................... 

43. Bracts 8-15 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, acuminate. Southern Mexico to northern South 

44. 

Leaf blades oblong-elliptic or narrowly elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, to 8 cm wide, acute 

to subacuminate ..................................................................................................... 45 

Bracts somewhat purple; puberulous. Amazonian Colombia, Ecuador, and Brazil ................ 

46. Corollas 3-6.5 cm long ......................................................................................................... 4 7 

Bracts flat ...................................................................................................................... 49 

48. Corolla 4.5-5.5 cm long, the upper lip 9-15 mm long, bifid, the lobes 4-6 mm long, 3.54 

mm wide, more or less acute. Brazil ............................................... 45. A. chamissoniana 

Corolla 3 cm long, the upper lip 8 mm long, bifid, the lobes 3 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 

obtuse. Brazil ................................................................................... 46. A. ornata 

Corollas red, orange or scarlet ................................................................. 53 

49. Corollas yellow ......................................................................................... .50 

50. Bracts 30-32 mm long. Ecuador ........................................................... 47. A. sulphuren 

Bracts 15-23 mm long ................................................................................................ 51 

Stems present, erect, 0.5-1 m high. Brazil ............................................. 48. A. nemoralis 

Brazil ...................................................................................................... .49. A. phrynioides 

51. Stems almost absent or extremely short ..................................................................... 52 

52. Corolla about 4 cm long, the upper lip obovate, 8 mm long and 7 mm wide, bilobttd. 

Corolla 3 cm long, the upper lip oval, 5 mm long and 5 mm wide, entire. Brazil 50. A. ignea 

53. Corollas 4.5-6.5 cm long .............................................................................. 54 

Corollas about 3 cm long. Brazil ................. 51. A. obtusifolia, new combination 

54. 

55. Bractlets none: upper corolla lip 2-lobed. Honduras .................... 53. A. dunlapima 

Bractlets present: upper corolla lip entire .................................................... 56 

56. Upper corolla lip 0.5-0.85 cm wide ................................................................. 59 

Upper corolla lip 1.2 cm wide. Southern Mexico to Bolivia .......... 54. A. aurantiaca ... 57 

57. Margins of leaf blades coarsely sinuate-repand. Central America to Peru .......................... 

54b. A. arirantiaca var. stenophylla Margins of leaf blades entire or undulate .................................................... ..58 

58. Leaf blades thick and coriaceous, the lower surface a deep vinous purple. Colombia, 

Ecuador, and Peru ............................ 54c. A. aurantiaca var. nitens, new combination 

Leaf blades chartaceous, nitid, the lower surface somewhat whitish. Southern Mexico to 

Bolivia ............................................................... .54a. A. aurantiaca var. aurrmtiaca 

59. Bracts prolonged into a recurved, convolute cusp about 6 mm long. Mexico, Guatemala 

and El Salvador .................................................... ....... .55. A. heydeana 

Bracts acute or acuminate, not prolonged into a cusp ........................ 60 

Bracts 3.5-5 cm long. Costa Rica ................................................... 52. A. tridentata 

Bracts to 3 cm long ........................................................................................... 55 

........................................................ 
NUMBER 18 11 

60. Spikes 6-11 cm long and 2-3 cm broad (excluding corollas); corolla glandular-pilose. 

Mexico 56. A. gzcerrerensis 

(excluding corollas); corolla sparingly 

................... 5 7. A. flmma 

61. Bracts 2 mm wide Or less 62 

Bracts 3.5-16 mm Wide 63 

62. Leaf blades 15-30 cm long and 5.5 cm wide, short-acuminate. Northern Venezuela and 

................................................................................................................. 

Spikes 11-18 cm long and 1.5-2 cm broad 

puberulous. Ecuador ........................................................................ 

.................................................................................................................... 

...................................................................................................................... 

Colombia ......................................................................................................................... 58. A. urnoldii 

Leaf blades 7-11 cm long and 4.5 cm wide, acute to obtuse or rounded. Costa Rica ........... 

................................................................................................ ................................ 59. A. toduzii 

Corollas 2.0-2.5 cm long .................................................. ........................................................ .64 

Corollas 0.7-1.8 cm long ............................................................................................................ .76 

64. Bracts purplish colored, sometimes only at tip .................................................................... 65 

Bracts green or greenish yellow, not purplish colored .................................................... 68 

65. Peduncles 3-5 cm long. Costa Rica and Panama ............................................ 60. A. seibertii 

Peduncles wanting or extremely short, less than 0.5 cm long ............................................... 66 

66. Bracts elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 5-9 mm wide at or just above the middle ..................... 6 7 

Bracts obovate, 14 mm wide just below the apex, Brazil ............. 61. A. neesirma, new name 

67. Leaf blades oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 8-9 cm long, 2.5-3.5 cm wide. Brazil ...... 

.................................................................................................... 62. A. bahiensis, new combination 

Leaf blades oval-oblong, 9.5-11.5 cm long, 3.5-4.5 cm wide. Brazil 

................................................................ 63. A. obtusa, new combination 

Costa and lateral veins inconspicuous and obscure above, not banded by a narrow area of 

69. Leaf blades oblong or oblonglanceolate, 9-15 cm long, 3-4 cm wide, thin; petioles 1040 

Leaf blades spatulate to lanceolate, 3-8 cm long, 0.9-24 cm wide, subcoriaceous; petioles 

70. Corolla 2.2-2.3 cm long, sparingly glandular pilose, the lips unequal, the upper lip 

obovate, 4.5 mm long, the lower lip %lobed, the lobes 3.5-4 mm long. Ecuador, Peru, and 

Bolivia ....................................................................................................................... 65. A. maculata 

Corolla 2.5 cm long, sparingly pubescent, the lips subequal, the lobes suborbicular, about 

3 or 4 mm long. Colombia .......................................... .............................. 66. A. silvicola 

71. 

Upper corolla bilobed ................................................................................................................... 72 

72. Leaf blades oblongelliptic, 21-25 cm long and 6-7 cm wide. Peru ................. 68. A. ferreyrae 

Leaf blades oblongelliptic or ovate, to 10 cm long and 2-6 cm wide ........................... 73 

73. Flowering spikes 6-11 cm long .............................................................. 74 

...................................................... 75 

74. Bracts 7 mm wide, margins and outer surface silky-hirsute. Peru ......... 69. A. tesmannii 

Bracts to 5 mm wide, margins sparingly ciliolate, outer surface glabrous or sparingly 

pilosulous. Colombia ............................................................................................. 70. A. mollis 

75. Bracts 11-12 mm long and 7 mm wide. Colombia ................................. 71. A. quadrifm'a 

Bracts 20 mm long and 16 mm wide. Colombia ....................................... 72. A. fosbergii 

76. 

77. Leaf blades purple beneath. Colombia ........................................................ 73. A. puruiflora 

Leaf blades green or olive-green, not purple beneath .................................................... .78 

78. Corolla white with yellow patch in front of throat. Colombia ............... ..74. A. ochrolqnx 

79. Bracts subtending the flowers 17-20 mm long. Peru, Brazil ........... .76. A. capct-medusae 

Bracts subtending the flowers 7-10.5 mm long ............................................................. 80 

80. Corolla rose-blue, about 0.7 cm long. Colombia ............................................ 77. A. botrmodcs 

Corolla red or pale pink with a yellow throat, 1.2-1.3 cm long .................................. 81 

63. 

..................................... 

68. Costa and lateral veins banded above by a narrow area of white or yellow ...................... 69 

white or yellow ................................................................................................................................. 71 

mm long: the peduncle 2-3 cm long, sericeous or appressed-pubescent ........................ 70 

2-4 mm long; the peduncle about 0.8 cm long, pilose. Peru ................. 64. A. goodspeedii 

Upper corolla lip entire. Brazil .......................................................... 67. A. maximiliuna 

.................................... 

Flowering spikes to 3 cm long .................................... 

Flowering spikes 6-13 cm long ............................................................................................... .77 

Flowering spikes to 5 cm long ................................................................................................ ..79 

Corolla red. Brazil .......................................................................................................... 75. A. rigida 
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

81, Bracts obovate-cuneate, acute and mucronate, sparingly hirsute. Brazil ................................... 

................................................... 78. A. decorata, new combination 

Bracts rhombic-ovate, s ate (the tip blunt), densely pilose. Colombia .................. 

.......................................... .......................................................................... 79. A. adscendens 

82. Bracts bearing ocelli or 1 glands, these conspicuous to the naked eye ................ 83 

Bracts without ocelli or submarginal glands ............................................................................. 118 

83. Bracts 7-15 mm wide .......................... ..................................................................................... .84 

.................................................................................. 101 

84. Calyx segments equal to or shorter than the bracts ..................................................................... 85 

Calyx segments conspicuously longer than the bracts ................................................................ 93 

Bracts 11-13 mm long. Venezuela ..................................................................... 80. A. fasciculata 

86. Corollas 3.5-5 cm long .......................... .................................................................... 81 

Leaf blades glabrous to sparingly hirtellous beneath. Colombia ....................... 82. A. triunue 

......................................... 

Bracts 3.5-6.5 mm wide .......................... 

85. 

Bracts 18-30 mm long ............................ 

Corollas 5.5-6 cm long .......................... 

87. Leaf blades densely brownish, pilose-seri 

88. Bracts 5.5-8 mm wide. Colombia .................................................................. 83. A. xanthmttha 

Bracts 10-15 mm wide ....................................................................................................................... 89 

89. Upper corolla lip 23-25 mm long ...................................................................................................... 90 

90. Bracts light brown, oval, 20 mm long, 12 mm wide, apiculate at tip, basal portion minutely 

silky-pilose. Colombia ....................................................................................... 84. A. sericanthn 

Bracts red, rhombic-ovate, 26 mm long, 15 mm wide, subacute, glabrous. Colombia ........... 

91. Bracts 10 mm wide: bractlets 6 mm long; calyx segments 8-10 mm long. Costa Rica and 

Panama ............................................................................................................. 86. A. sinclairiana 

Bracts 12-15 mm wide; bractlets 8-11 mm long: calyx segments 12-15 mm long ................ 92 

92. Spikes 18-45 cm long and 2 cm wide; corolla yellow. Colombia ......................... 87. A. grandis 

Spikes 8-10 cm long, 3-4 cm wide; corolla orange-red. Panama .................... 88. A. darienensis 

Corollas 5.5-7 cm long ............................................................................................................. 95 

94. Petioles 1 cm long; calyx about 2 cm long. Colombia .................................. 89. A. gmn'ae 

Petioles 3-9 cm long; calyx 0.9-1.15 cm long. Colombia ............................... 90. A. struminea 

95. Rachis white-cottony-tomentose or densely brown-pubescent ................................................ 96 

Rachis glabrous or sparingly strigose ..................................................................................... 97 

96. Calyx segments 17-18 mm long; corolla 6.5-7 cm long, the lateral lobes of the lower lip 

about 5 mm long, rounded at tip. Venezuela .................................................. 91. A. micmts 

Calyx segments 14 mm long: corolla 5.8 cm long, the lateral lobes of the lower lip 9 mm 

97. Leaf blades 6-7.5 cni wide. Ecuador ...................................................... .93. A. attenuata 

Leaf blades 9-15 cm wide .................................................................................................... 98 

98. Leaf blades prominently and irregularly crenate. Colombia ............................ 94. A. crenata 

Leaf blades entire or undulate ......................................................... .................................. .99 

99. Bractlets 10-14 mm long ............................................................................................................. ..lo0 

Bractlets 16 mm long. Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia ....................... 95. A. lingua-bmis 

100. Corolla to 6 cm long, papillose-puberulent, orange to red. Colombia ..... 96. A. chaponensis 

Corolla 6-7 cm long, glabrous, yellow, Panama and Colombia .............. 97. A. hartwegiana 

101. Bracts 5.5-6.5 mm wide (including A. pulcherrima) ................................................... 102 

Bracts 3.5-5 mm wide (including A. pulcherrirna) .................................................................. 110 

102. Ocelli numerous, minute, sometimes a dull, alveolar spot, this sometimes deciduous ...... 103 

Ocelli represented by 1 or more well-defined elliptical brown, more or less nitid areas ... 104 

103. Bractlets 8 mm long, 2 mm wide: calyx 11 mm long. Colombia ................. -98. A. scolnikae 

Bractlets 6.5-7 mm long, 1-1.75 mm wide; calyx 7-8 mm long. Colombia ........................ 

104. Rachis more or less covered with a white, flocculose tomentum .................................. 105 

Rachis glabrous, puberulous or hirsute, or if flocculose, the hairs brownish ................... 108 

................................................................. 86 

.................................................................. 88 

th. Colombia ..................... 81. A. mistei 

Upper corolla lip 15-17 mm long ..................................................................................................... 91 

.............................................................................................................................. 85. A. fernanderii 

93. Corollas 4-5 cm long .............................................................................................................. 94 

long, subacute. Colombia .................................................................... 92. A. taborensis 

........................................................................................................ 99. A. pharangophila 
NUMBER 18 13 

105. Stems glabrous. Colombia ................................................................................. 

Stems densely pilose to strigose or tomentose 

106. Bracts 9 mm long, 6-6.5 mm wide 

Bracts 5-7 mm long, 4.5-6 mm wide. Costa Rica 

107. Leaf blades relatively small, 8-13 cm 

lose beneath. Colombia .................... 

Leaf blades large, 15-30 cm long an 

108. Bracts 10-11 mm long, 6 mm wide ..................................................... 

,100. A. barkleyi 

106 

ean Bolivia .. 101. A. errima 

g and 2-4 cm wide, glabrous to sparingly strigil- 

................................................ 102. A. mildbraedima 

10 cm wide, densely pilose beneath. Amazonian 

................. 103. A. pilosa 

................................... 109 

............................................................................. 

......................... ........................................... ...... 107 

Venezuela and Colombia ............................................................... 

Bracts 7 mm long, 5.5 mm wide. Venezuela and Colombia ................. 104. A. macrophylla 

109. Lobes of the upper corolla lip 6 mm long and 2 mm wide at base. Panama and Colombia ... 

........................................................................................................................................ 105. A. terryw 

Lobes of the upper corolla lip 18 mm long and 4 mm wide. Colombia ................................ 

...................................................................................................................... ,106. A. albert-smithii 

110. Flowering spike lax, the bracts not imbricate, the flowers distant ............................. ,111 

Flowering spike congested, the bracts imbricate, the flowers crowded ......................... ..I12 

.................................................................................................................................... 107. A. gracilis 

Corollas 7-7.5 cm long, the lobes of the upper lip 18-24 mm long, 2 mm wide at base. 

Ecuador ................................................................................................................. ,108. A. dtelstt 

112. Ocelli numerous, minute, forming a dull, alveolar spot, this sometimes deciduous. 

Colombia .............................................................................................................. 109. A. blmdii 

Ocelli represented by 1 or more well-defined elliptical, brown, more or less nitid areas . 113 

113. Rachis glabrous or bearing a few minute, inconspicuous hairs. Colombia ..110. A. haughtii 

Rachis more or less covered with a white, flocculose tomentum ....................................... 114 

114. Bracts 8-11 mm long .............................................................................................................. ,115 

Bracts 5-7 mm long ......................................................................................................... 116 

115. Corollas 6.5-7 cm long. Venezuela ............................................................. 111. A. tetragona 

Corollas 5 cm long. Colombia ........................................................................... 112. A. schieferae 

116. 

Corollas 5-7 cm long ........................................................................................................... 117 

117. Upper corolla lip narrowly ovate, 2C-25 mm long and 6 mm wide. Amazonian Colombia 

and Brazil .................................................................................................. 114. A. macrostachya 

Upper corolla lip ovate, 15-20 mm long and 9 mm wide. Costa Rica to Andean Bolivia .... 

101. A. pulcherrima 118. Bracts 15-25 mm wide .............................................................................................................. ..11Y 

Bracts 1-14.5 mm wide .................................................................................................... 130 

119. Bracts 20-21 mm long. Colombia .......................................................................... 115. A. kingii 

Bracts 25-45 mm long ................................................................................................................. 120 

120. Corollas 3 cm long. Colombia ......................................................... 116. A. boyacensis 

Corollas 3.5-7 cm long ........................................................................................................... 121 

121. Bracts 15-17 mm wide ....................................................................................................... ,122 

Bracts 18-25 mm wide ........................................................................................................ 126 

122. Corolla 3.5-3.8 cm long, glabrous ....................................................... ,123 

Corolla 5-7 cm long, glandular-pilose ................................................................................... 124 

123. Upper corolla lip oblonglanceolate, 13-14 mm long and 5 mm wide, the lobes 4 mm long 

and 2 mm wide. revolute. obtuse. Brazil ....................... 117. A. colorata, new combination 

Upper corolla lip oblong, 10 mm long and 5 mm wide, the lobes 5 mm long and 3 mm 

wide. erect, acute. Brazil ........................................................ ,118. A. claussenii, new name 

124. Corolla red, 6.5-7 cm long. Mexico ........................................................ 119. A. hintonii 

Corolla yellow, about 5 cm long .............................................................................................. 125 

125. Bracts rose-colored to deep-red: upper corolla lip 2.2 cm long and 7 mm wide, the lobes 1 

mm long and 1.5 mm wide. Brazil ....................................................... 120. A. blanchetiuna 

Bracts orange-red to yellow-orange; upper corolla lip 1.7 cm long and 6 mm wide, thc 

lobes extremely variable, 1-6 mm long and 2-3.5 mm wide. Brazil ... ..121. A. variegata 

126. Corolla 3.75-5 cm long ........................................................................................................... ,127 

Corolla 5.5-6.5 cm long. Southern Mexico and Guatemala ............ 122. A. seeciosa 

111. Corollas 5-5.5 cm long, the lobes of the upper lip 9 mm long, 4 mm wide at base. Panama 

... 

Corollas 4-4.5 cm long. Venezuela and Colombia ...................................... 113. A. pawispica 

........................................................................................................................ 
14 SXIITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

127. 

128. 

Calyx 8-12 mm long ................................................................................................... 

129. Corolla reddish purple, the tube 2 mm wide at base, lobes of the upper lip 1 mm long and 

wide, acute. Amazonian Brazil and Colombia ................. 125. A. mmtiusii, new name 

Corolla yellow, the tube 3-5 mm wide at base, lobes of the upper lip 3 mm long and wide, 

obtuse. Southeastern Brazil .................................. 126. A. squarrosa 

130. Bracts 1-7 mm wide ........................................................................................... 131 

Bracts 8-14.5 mm wide .............................................................................................................. 145 

131. Corollas 1.4-2.8 cm long ............................................................................................................ 132 

Corollas 3.5-6.4 cm long (wanting in A. lasiophyllu) ................................................................ 136 

Bracts 2 mm wide. Colombia ................................................................... 127. A. nephoica 

Bracts 4-6 mm wide ...................................................................................... ..133 

Bracts 7-8.5 mm long ............................................................................................... 134 

Bracts 13-14 mm long ................................................................................................. 135 

Herb 0.3 m high. Colombia ........................................................... 

Shrub 1.5-2 m high. Ecuador and Peru .......................................... ,129. A. campii 

Bracts and corollas glabrous .................................................................................................... 128 

Bracts and corollas glandular-pubescent. Colombia ..................................... 123. A. flma 

Calyx 5 mm long. Brazil .............................................................. 124. A. hirta, new combination 

.............................. 

132. 

133. 

134. 128. A. andrei 

135. Corolla tube 22 mm long, 2.5 mm broad at base, about 5 mm broad at mouth. Amazonian 

Brazil and Peru ......................................................................... 130. A. acrensis 

Corolla tube 9-10 mm long, 1.5 mm broad at base, 2.5 mm broad at mouth. Columbia ... 

...................................................................................................................... 131. A. diachyla 

136. Bracts 2 mm wide ............................................................................................. 137 

Bracts 47 mm wide ..................................................................................... 138 

137. Flowers borne in subsessile spikes, these 4-10 cm long, the flowers congested. Brazil ...... 

..132. A. marginata Flowers borne in peduncled spikes, these 20-30 cm long, the flowers distant, lax. Brazil .... 

,133. A. nuda 

.................................................................................................... 

....................................................................................................................... 

138. 

Bracts 

139. Leaf blades oblong, 4-10 cm long, 1.5-3.5 cm wide, densely pilose beneath. Venezuela ..... 

134. A. tomentosa 

Leaf blades elliptic, 19-23 cm long, 8-9 cm wide, densely hirsute beneath. Peru .............. 

140. Bracts 18-25 mm long .................................................................................... 141 

Bracts 15-17 mm long .................................................................................................. ,142 

141. Spikes several, forming a headlike cluster 8 cm long and 5 cm wide, the rachis finely 

puberulous. Colombia ..................................................................... 136. A. colombiensis 

Spikes solitary, 2-2.5 cm long and 1-1.5 cm wide (excluding corollas), the rachis densely 

sericeous. Venezuela ............................................................. 137. A. steyermmkii 

142. Bracts 7 mm wide. Colombia .................................................... 138. A. ZasioPhyZZa 

Bracts 5-6 mm wide ....................................................................................... 143 

143. Corollas purple, 6.4 cm long. Peru ........................................ 139. A. Zimbatifolia 

Corollas orange or yellow, 3.5-4 cm long ....................... ............................................... 144 

144. Bractlets lanceolate, 9 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, acute pex; calyx segments 8 mm long. 

Colombia ................................................................................. 140. A. Pinarotricha 

Bractlets linear-lanceolate, 17-18 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, aristate; calyx segments 17-18 

mm long. Mexico ...................................................................... ,141. A. verticillata 

145. Bracts 10-18 mm long .......................................................................................................... 146 

Bracts 20-40 mm long ............................................................................................................. ..153 

146. Bracts 12-13 mm wide. Peru ............................................................ ..142. A. Zatibracteata 

Bracts 8-10 mm wide ........................................................................................................... 147 

147. Corollas 3-4.1 cm long ................................................. ............................... 148 

Corollas 4.8-6.5 cm long .................................................................................. 151 

148. Spikes short, 1-6 cm long ........................................................................................ 149 

Spikes moderately long, 10-30 cm long ............................................................................. 150 

Bracts 7-12 mm long .............................................................................................. 139 

15-25 mm long ........................................................................................ 140 

........................................................................................................... 

....................................................................................................... 135. A. hapala 
NUMBER 18 15 

149. Leaf blades 5-7 cm wide; corolla 4.1 cm long. Peru ........................ 143. A. ~tiPSCahWiS 

Leaf blades 2-4.5 cm wide; corolla 3 cm long. Brazil ............................... 144. A. StephanOfihySa 

150. Upper corolla lip obovate, 7 mm long and 6 mm wide, the lobes obcordate. Mexico ....... 

........................................................................................................... 145. A. madrensis 

Upper corolla lip ovate, 12 mm long and 9 mm wide, the lobes acute. Mexico .................... 

............................................................................................................................ 146. A. linearilobo 

151. Leaf blades thin, glabrous; bracts glabrous. Ecuador and Peru ............ 147. A. jacobinioides 

Leaf blades firm, subglahrous to puberulous; bracts white-glandular-pilose .................... 152 

152. Corollas 5 cm long, orange-red. Colombia ................................................ ,148. A. phlogea 

Corolla 5.5-6.5 cm long, straw-colored. Ecuador ....................................... 149. A. guayasii 

153. Bracts 8 mm wide .............................................................................................................. 154 

Bracts 9-14.5 mm wide ...................................................................................................... 155 

Leaf blades narrowly ohlong-elliptic, 10-12 cm long and 2.5 cm wide. Colombia ............... 

.......................................................................................... ,150. A. lawranceae 

155. Corollas 3-4.5 cm long ..................................................................................................... 156 

Corollas 4.5-7.5 cm long ................................................................................................ 160 

156. Spikes 22-27 cm long. Ecuador .................................................... ..152. A. galba 

Spikes 7-15 cm long .............................................................................................................. 

157. Upper corolla lip bifid or bilobed .................................................................. 158 

Upper corolla lip entire. Ecuador and Peru .................................. ,153. A. diffusa 

154. 

Leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, 22-30 cm long and 6.5 cm wide. Colombia 151. A. arisema 

157 

158. Upper corolla lip obovate, 10-14 mm long and 8-15 mm wide, the lobes 4-5 mm long 

and 4-7 mm wide ......................................................................... 159 

Upper corolla lip oblong to ovate, 7 mm long and about 4 mm wide, the lobes 1.5-2 mm 

long and 1.5 mm wide. Colombia .................................... ..154. A. cuatrecasasii 

159. Bracts bright green, carinate. Brazil ............................................ 155. A. prismatica 

Bracts red, ecarinate. Brazil .......... 156. A. paulensis 

160. Corollas 4.5-5.5 cm long ............................................. .................................. 161 

Corollas 6-7.5 cm long ................................................................................... 164 

161. Upper corolla lip bifid ................................................................................. 162 

Upper corolla lip entire ............................................................................... 163 

162. Bracts 12-14.5 mm wide, obtuse to slightly acute; corolla tube 3.5 cm long. Brazil ...... 

157. A. Ziboniana 

Bracts 9-10 mm wide, acute: corolla tube 2.5 cm long. Brazil ...... 158. A. bradeana 

163. Spikes 21-22 cm long. Ecuador ........................................... 159. A. dodsonii 

Spikes 3-16 cm long. Colombia ............................................... 160. A. conformis 

164. Upper corolla lip bilobed .............................................................................................. .165 

Upper corolla lip entire ........................................................... 166 

165. Leaf blades to 22 cm long; upper corolla lip oblong, 13 mm long, 5 mm wide. Costa Rica 

andpanama ........................................................... 161. A. dolichantha 

Leaf blades 30-40 cm long: upper corolla lip ovate, 18 mm long, 9 mm wide. Colombia 

andEcuador ................................................................ 162. A. ameleta 

166. Corollas 6.5-7.5 cm long. Guatemala and El Salvador .................... 163. A. gigantiflora 

Corollas 6 cm long ............................................................................ 167 

167. Upper corolla lip elliptic, about 2 cm long and 8 mm wide, acute, the middle lobe of the 

lower lip about 2 cm long, 7-8.5 mm wide. Colombia ................... .164. A. alexandri 

Upper corolla lip obovate, 2.5 cm long and 10 mm wide, obtuse, the middle lobe of the 

................................................................................................... 165. A. schiedema 

................................. 

................................................................................................ 

hver lip about 2.7 cm long, 14 mm wide. Southern Mexico and Guatemala . . ..... 

1. Aphelandra runcinata Klotzsch ex Nees 

FIGURE 32 

Aphelandra runcinata var. straminea Leonard, Contrib. U.S. 

Aphelandra runcinata var. pilosa Leonard, Contrih. U.S. Nat. 

Aphelandra porphyrolepis Leonard, Contrib. LJ.S. Nat. Herb. 

Nat. Herb. 313135. 1953. 

Aphelandra runcinata Klotzsch ex Nees, in de Candolle, Herb. 31:135. 1953. 

Prodr. 11:302. 1847.-Leonard. Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 

31:134. 1953. 31:148. 1953. 
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Shrubs to 4 m high; stems glabrous or nearly so, 

occasionally tomentulose toward tip, fleshy; leaf 

blades obovate to oblong-obovate or lanceolate, to 

30 cm long and 10 cm wide, acuminate, cuneate 

at base, chartaceous, the margins moderately to 

rather deeply pinnatifid or incised, occasionally 

the upper leaves merely irregularly toothed, the excurrent nerves terminating in sharp spines 1-5 mm 

long, the upper surface drying olive green, nitid, 

glabrous or sparingly floccose, the hairs confined 

chiefly to the costa and lateral veins (10-30 pairs), 

the lower surface drying dull green or brown, glabrous to pilose, or sometimes the costa and veins 

sparingly floccose, these more prominent beneath 

than above; petioles to 2 cm long, glabrous or 

sparingly floccose; interpetiolar bracts triangular, 

retrorse, to 5 mm long, 1- to 5-nerved, the nerves 

excurrent, ending in sharp, straight spines 1-4 mm 

long; flowers usually numerous and crowded, borne 

in a simple terminal spike or in both terminal and 

lateral spikes, these forming a rather large pyramidal crowded or sometimes loose terminal paniculate inflorescence to 20 cm long and broad, the 

peduncles and rachises glabrous or floccose; bracts 

triangular, 7-9 mm long, 5 mm wide, glabrous, 

purplish red, ciliolate, obscurely nerved, the costa 

excurrent, ending in a small spine about 0.5 mm 

long; bractlets lanceolate, 5-6 mm long, 2.5 mm 

wide, acuminate, purplish red, ciliolate; calyx seg 

ments oblong, about 9 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm wide, 

obtuse to acute, mucronulate, glabrous, entire to 

erose or erose-dentate near tip, the apical portion 

more or less ciliate with glandular or eglandular 

cilia or both; corolla red, rarely orange or strawcolored, glabrous, 3.5-4 cm long, the tube subcylindric, slightly curved, about 4 mm broad near base, 

slightly constricted at about 5 mm above the base, 

thence gradually enlarged to 5 mm at mouth, the 

throat transversely undulate-rugose, the upper lip 

oblongovate, about 15 mm long, 5 mm wide. 

rounded, sometimes obscurely 3-lobed near the tip, 

ciliate, finely and sparingly pilose within, the lower 

lip definitely 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, 5 mm long, 

2.5 mm wide, rounded; capsules oblong-clavate, 

18 mm long, about 3 mm broad at base, 6 mm 

broad at middle, obtuse, glabrous, minutely punctate; seeds flat, obliquely oblong, 5 mm long, 3.5 

mm broad, 1.5 mm thick, brown, minutely 

roughened. 

TYPE.-Moritz s.n. (syntype B, destroyed, isosyntype BM), Venezuela, Merida, on river bank in a 

shady cinchona plantation, December. 

DrsTRrBUTION.-Wooded mountain slopes from 

2000 to 3000 m alt. Colombia and Venezuela. 

VENEZUELA. MERIDA: 5500 m alt, 1846, Funck 917. 

Schlim 944 (P); Tabay, 2200-2300 m alt, 2 Sep 

1930, Gehriger 402 (US, VEN); above “La Isla”, 

above Tabay, 2285-2745 m alt, 18 May 1944, Steyermark 56609 (US); La Mucuy, on the slopes of 

the Sierra Nevada near Merida, 2300-2800 m alt, 

18 Jan 1958, C. Earle Smith, Jr. 3503 (PH, US); La 

Mucuy, 2600 m alt, ,4ug 1958, Aristeguieta 3323 

(VEN); Jan 1963, Aristeguieta 4921 (VEN); La 

Mucuy near Tabay, Sierra Nevada, 6 Aug 1958, 

Dennis 21 81 (K). TACHIRA: Highway Rubio-Las 

Delicias, 15 km above Diamante, 2 km above Matamulas, 2000 m alt, 4 Oct 1967, Bunting 2470 (US). 

COLOMBIA. SANTANDER: Vicinity of Las Vegas, 

2600-3000 m alt 21-23 Dec 1926, Killip G Smith 

16138 (NY, US); western slopes of Mount PeAa 

Blanca, near Charta, 2500-2600 m alt, 11 Feb. 1927, 

Killip G Smith 19262 (NY, US), CUNDINAMARCA: 

Dintel, between Facatativa and La Vega, 2300- 

2700 m alt, 4 Jun 1939, Pe‘rez-Arbelaez G Cuatrecasas 5320 (US); San Cayetano, Hacienda Portugal, 

El Cape, 2520 m alt, 25 Aug 1966, van der Hammen 

1605 (COL); rocky massif E of Santandercito, 2000 

m alt, June 1915, Uribe 2115 (US); Lagunaseca or 

Laguna de Catarnica, SE of Santandercito, 2100 m, 

16 Apr 1961, Uribe 3695 (COL); below Salto de 

Tequendama, mountain below Santibar, 2100-2200 

m alt, 5 Dec 1965, Uribe 5487 (COL); collected 

along the Subata-San Francisco road, 2000 m alt, 

26 Aug 1947, Haught 6108 (US, holotype of A. 

runcinatu Klotzsch var. straminea Leonard); 

Bogota, Purdie s.n. (K). TOLIMA: Quindio, Chusquea (bamboo) pasture, Goudot s.n. (K). ANTIOQUIA. Camino Real Antiguo to Boqueron de 

Medellin, 2500 m alt, 2 Jun 1948, Barkley, Correa, 

S- Posada 101 (US); La Ceja, Dec 1939, Bro. Daniel 

2172 (US); La Sierra, near Medellin, 2000 m alt, 

26 Dec 1930, Archer 1093 (US); Alto de Santa 

Elena, Medellin, 2500 m alt, Dec 1948, Uribe 1857 

(US); Medellin, on “El Boqueoh”, highway to the 

sea, 2500 m alt, 19 Jan 1952, Uribe 2274 (COL); 

Medellin, 2100 m alt, Sandeman 5711 (COL, K); 

along road from Medellin to Rionegro, 2000 m alt, 

17 Nov 1948, Killip, Barkley, G Bro. Daniel 39837 

(US, holotype of A. rzincinata Klotzsch var. fiilosa 

Leonard); summit of Santa Elena, between Medel- 
NUMBER 18 

lin and Rionegro, 2500 m alt, 1 Apr 1949, Barkley, 

Araque, (?. Gomez 424 (US); 30 Oct 1946, Gutie‘rrez 1146 (MEDEL, US); 25 Apr 1948, Nova1 C!T 

Barkley 18C484 (US); San Pedro, 28 Apr 1940, 

Bro. Tomas 770 (US); Sonson, 2200-2600 m alt, 

Dec 1891, Lehmann 7574 (K); Quebrada Naranjal, 

tributary of the Rio Aures, Cordillera Central, 

2740 m alt, 26-28 May 1944, Ewan 15732 (US); 

Las Palmas, 2200 m alt, Bro. Daniel 4024 (US); 

San Cristobal to San Jeronimo, 2000-4000 m alt, 

Lehmann 7846 (K); 1880, Kalbreyer 1555 (K); 

Jervise s.n. (K); May 1973, Patin s.n. (K). CALDAS: 

Caldas, 1750 m alt, 5 Ju1 1918, Dawe 766 (K, NY, 

US); Manizales, 2400 m alt, Triana 2372 (P, US, 

W), Manizales, 2200 m alt, Triana 4071 (K). 

VALLE: Rio Bravo, NW of Darien, 1380 m alt, 

steep thick woodlands near stream, 26 Ju1 1962. 

Robinson 120 (K); Cali, Quebrado del Cabuyal, 

1844, Goudot s.n. (P); Mount El Tabor, above Las 

Brisas, 1970-2100 m alt, 19 Oct 1946, Cuatrecasas 

22283 (US, holotype of A. porphyrolepis Leonard, 

isotype. K. WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY. Triana 

231 (K); Purdie s.n. (K). 

Aphelandra runcinata is easily recognized by the 

runciniate bracts at the base of the petiole. The 

species is an attractive shrub growing in dense 

woods. According to Leonard (1953:134), the leaf 

blades vary greatly, with some merely irregularly 

toothed and others from moderately to rather deeply pinnatified or incised. The pubescence of the leaf 

blades also varies considerably, from glabrous to 

sparingly floccose to densely pilose. 

2. Aphelandra porphyrocarpa Leonard 

Aphelandra porphyrocarpa Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 

31:140. 1953. 

Shrub or small tree to 6 m high; stems glabrous 

or minutely and sparingly puberulous; leaf blades 

oblong-lanceolate, 22-26 cm long and 5-7 cm wide, 

acute, narrowed at base, the margins incised, the 

lobes ascending, about 5 mm long and 7-10 mm 

broad, the veins excurrent, terminating in small, 

sharp, yellowish spines to 2 mm long, the upper 

surface sparingly hirsute, the hairs appressed, hirsute beneath, the hairs confined chiefly to the costa 

and lateral veins (about 20 pairs), the venation 

moderately conspicuous, the veinlets coarsely reticu17 

late beneath; petioles to 3.5 cm long, glabrous or 

nearly so; interpetiolar bracts minute, consisting 

mainly of 3-6 sharp, yellowish, hirsute or glabrous 

radiating spines 1-6 mm long; flowers borne in 

simple, terminal spikes to 25 cm long and about 

3 cm broad, these rather lax, especially below, the 

rachis upwardly strigose; bracts triangular, 15 mm 

long and 5-6 mm wide, acuminate, the margins 

entire or rather distantly serrate (about 6 pairs of 

minute teeth), the veins excurrent, terminating in 

spines to 0.5 mm long, the upper half strigose on 

both surfaces, the lower half glabrous, the costa 

and 1 or 2 pairs of nerves prominent; bractlets 

lanceolate, to 9 mm long and 3 mm wide at base, 

obscurely nerved, rather densely hirsute without, 

ciliate; calyx supported by thick calluses, the segments oblong-ovate or obovate, 10-12 mm long, 

4-5 mm wide, rounded, mucronate and dentate at 

tip (usually 2 pairs of minute teeth), ciliate, the 

outer surface and the upper part of the inner surface minutely and rather densely pubescent, the 

hairs appressed; corolla yellow, densely pubescent 

(the hairs to 0.5 mm long, more or less spreading), 

4.5-5.5 cm long from base to tip of the upper lip, 

the tube funnelform, slightly ventricose, 6 mm 

broad narrowed gradually to about 4 mm near the 

middle, thence enlarged to 1 cm broad at mouth, 

the upper lip erect, 2-2.5 cm long, 6 mm wide at 

base, 1 cm wide at base of the 2 lobes, these obovate, 12-14 mm long, 7-8 mm wide near tip, 

rounded, the lower lip more or less spreading, divided nearly to the base into 3 obovate lobes IO12 mm long and 7 mm wide, rounded; the lower 

pair of stamens reaching nearly to the tip of the 

upper lip; anthers of both pairs linear, about 7 

mm long and 1.5 mm broad, these and the filaments glabrous; capsule purpIe, oblong, obtusish 

at apex, 5 mm broad at base, 7.5 mm broad at 

middle, 3.5 mm thick, glabrous, minutely punctate: 

seeds glabrous. 

Tym.-Rusby 6 Pennell 891 (holotype NY, isotype US), Colombia, Huila, E of Neiva, 1800-2300 

m alt, 1-8 Aug 1917. 

D1sTRIsUTIoN.-Endemic to Huila, Colombia, at 

elevations between 1800-2700 meters. COLOMBIA. 

HUILA: Between Hacienda Balsillitas, Meta, and 

El Cedral. 2700 m alt, 16 June 1944, Little 8030 

(US); Hacienda Pensilahica, 15 km E of Baraya, 

2430 m alt, 24 Jun 1944, Little 8135 (US). 
18 ShIITHSONIAN CON'TRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

3. Aphelandra acanthus Nees 

FIGURE 48 

Aphelandra acanthus Nees, in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:302. 

Aphelandra quercifolia Nees, in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:302. 

Aphelandra phobera Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 

Aphelandra gilva Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Sat. Herb. 31:704. 

1847.-Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 142. 1953. 

1847. 

143. 1953. 

1958. 

Coarse suffrutescent shrubs or small trees to 3 

m high; stems fleshy (at least the upper portion), 

spiny, hirsute to subtomentose, the hairs yellowish, 

upwardly appressed or some of them more or less 

spreading, the lower portions of the stems glabrate; 

leaf blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate, to 50 cm 

long and 15 cm wide, acute to acuminate at tip, 

narrowed at base, thin, shallowly to deeply incised, 

the lobes triangular, ascending, 2-5.5 cm from 

sinuses to tip, the margins serrate-dentate, the 

teeth triangular, 3-4 mm long, these and the tip 

armed with sharp yellowish spines to 5 mm long, 

both surfaces more or less hirsute, the hairs confined chiefly to the costa and veins (about 20 

pairs), appressed or ascending, the venation rather 

prominent, the veinlets coarsely reticulate; petioles 

1-6 cm long, the pubescence similar to that of the 

stem; interpetiolar bracts ovate, to 5 mm long and 

broad, the nerves thick, terminating in 3-10 sharp, 

straight, yellowish, spreading or retrorse spines 

2-10 mm long, these hirsute or glabrate; flowers 

numerous, borne in simple, compact, terminal 

spikes to 30 cm long at maturity and 2.5-4 cm 

broad (excluding corollas), more or less lax toward 

base, the pubescence of the rachis similar to that 

of the stem; bracts lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 1.8- 

2.5 cm long and 9-12 mm wide (the lowermost 

somewhat longer and relatively narrower, resembling a small leaf blade) acute to acuminate, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the hairs more numerous on the outer surface than on the inner, the 

margins serrate, bearing 3-6 pairs of teeth, these 

and the tip terminated by sharp, yellowish, ascending, sparingly hirsute spines to 3 mm long; bractlets lanceolate, 11-18 mm long and 2-3.5 mm wide 

near base, gradually narrowed to a slender tip, the 

costa excurrent, terminating in a small spine, sparingly and minutely pubescent without, glabrous 

within, the margins ciliolate; calyx segments oblong-lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 10-14 mm long, 

3.5-5 mm wide, abruptly narrowed to an acute tip. 

striate-nerved, finely puberulous and ciliolate, each 

segment terminating in a slender spine to 1.5 mm 

long; corolla yellow, 4-6 cm long, the tube densely 

yellowish tomentose except the basal portion, this 

glabrous, the hairs ascending, the tube oblique, 

curved, 5-10 mm broad at base, narrowed above 

ovary from 4-6 mm, thence gradually enlarged, 

the throat 8-10 mm broad, the upper lip erect or 

slightly recurved, 14-20 mm long, about 7 mm 

wide near base, bilobed, the lobes oblong-obovate, 

8-15 mm long and 4.5-8 mm wide, rounded and 

emarginate, the lower lip more or less spreading, 

the lobes obovate, 8-1 1 mm long, about 6 mm wide, 

rounded or shallowly emarginate; stamens reaching 

or slightly exceeding the upper lip of the corolla; 

anthers 7.5-10 mm long, 2-3 mm broad, rounded 

at each end, glabrous; ovary glabrous; capsule 

brown, oblong, nitid, about 1.5 cm long and 6 mm 

broad. 

TwE.-Humboldt 5836 (holotype B, F photo 

8695), Colombia, Tolima, Quindio. 

DIsmIBu'rIoN.-Andean Colombia, Ecuador and 

Peru at elevations between 2000 and 3400 meters. 

COLOMBIA. PUTUMAYO: La Cabana, old river basin 

of the Rio Putumayo in Valle de Sibundoy, 2 Jan 

1941. Cuatrecasas 11631 (US). TOLIMA: Quindio, 

Bonpland s.n. (P); Mariquita, Quindio, 1350 m 

alt, Feb 1843, Linden 1101 (P); Quindio, La Palmita, Nov 1845, Goudot s.n. (K, holotype of A. 

quercifolia Nees, isotype P); Mariquita, La Palmita, 

Quindio, 2200 m alt, 1851-1857, Triana s.n. (K, P, 

NY, W); Quindio, Nov 1853, Holton 592 (K); 

Quindio, Purdie s.n. (K); along the Quindio Highway, between Cajamarca and summit of Divide, 

3050 m alt. 27-28 Mar 1939, Killip dr Varela 34685 

(US); El Libano to Murillo, Alto de Penones, 

2200-2950 m alt, 20 Ju1 1947, Garcia-Barriga 12273 

(US); without exact locality, Andre 2047 (K). 

ANTIOQUIA: Jarvise s.n. (K). CALDAS: Alaska, abovr 

Salento, 3000-3400 m alt, 10-13 Aug 1922, Pennell 

9704 (GH, US); banks of the Rio Othn, above 

Penas Blancas, 3000 m alt, 27 Nov 1946, Cztatrecasas 23321 (US). VALLE: Along Rio Cali, between 

Puente de 10s Carpatos and La hlargarita, 2000 m 

alt, 2 Nov 1944, Cuatrecasas 18484 (US, holotype 

of A. phobera Leonard); La Albania, valley of the 

Rio Amayme, 3000-3100 m alt, 2 Feb 1965, Cuntrecnsas 26838 (Us). CAUCA: Crest of Cordillera oc- 
NUMBER 18 19 

cidental, W of Tambo, 2500-2600 m alt, 5 Nov 

1946, Haught 5174 (US); San Jose, San Antonio, 

2400-2700 m alt, 28 Jun 1922, Pennell & Killip 

7392 (US); Canaan, Mount Purace, 2900-3100 m 

alt, 11-16 Jun 1922, KiZZip 6796 (US). NARNWO: 

Paramo of El Tabano, near Pasto, 3150 m alt, 30 

Jul 1965, Uribe 5342 (COL); vicinity of Funes, 

near Rio Tellez, 2600 m alt, 1 Dec 1944, Ewan 

16501 (US, holotype of A. gilva Leonard); Quebrada Panacual, 8 km S of Piedrancha, Rio Guaga 

drainage, 2800 m alt, 3 Oct 1913, Fosbel-g 22113 

(US); Ipiales, Victoria highway to San Jorge, 2100 

m alt, 23 Jun 1962, Mom 2172 (COL, US). WITHOUT 

LOCALITY: 1760-1808, Mutis 1944 (US); Pul-die 

s.n. (K). ECUADOR. PICHINCHA: Below San Juan 

toward Chiriboga, 2900 m alt, 31 Dec 1955, AspZund 18982 (S); road Chillogallo-Chiriboga, between the village and km 48, 1600-2000 m alt, 12 

Jun 1967, Sparre 16974 (S). CHIMBORAZO: Road of 

Pusucucho a1 Placer, 2850-3500 m alt, 10 Feb 1944, 

Acosta 7279 (F). NAPO-PASTAZA: Cosanga, 1900 m 

alt, 11 Jan 1940, Asplzind 10329 (S); Papallacta, 

27-29 Jan 1959, Hurling 3927 (S); Santa BArbara, 

2700 m alt, 15 Ju1 1955, Asplund 16916. PERU. 

JUN~N: Oxapampa, 1600 m alt, Aug 1944, Soupkup 

2403 (US). 

4. Aphelandra eurystoma Mildbraed 

Aphelandra eurystotna Mildbraed, Notizbl. 11:64. 1930. 

Perennial herb to 1.5 m high; stem spiny, glabrous; leaf blades oblong or narrowly obovateelliptic in outline, to 45 cm long and 20 cm wide, 

acuminate and spine-tipped, pinnately parted, the 

lobes subopposite, the larger 5 or 6 on each side 

about 10 cm long and 3 cm wide at base, the margins coarsely spinose-dentate, the sinuses narrowly 

rounded, reaching to within about 1 cm of the 

costa the lower lobes gradually reduced in size, the 

sinuses becoming broader and reaching the stout 

costa, the spines to 1 cm long, the base of the leaf 

blade often spinose-auriculate, both surfaces glabrous or the upper surface sparingly pilosulous; 

interpetiolar bracts ovate, up to 1.5 cm long, terminating in 5-6 sharp spines; inflorescence much 

branched forming a broad loose corymb about 25 

cm in diameter, the lower branches about 25 cm 

long, recurved toward summit, the upper relatively 

short, glabrous below to rather densely softpubescent at tip, the branches subtended by bracts 

similar to the stem leaves but smaller, the individual spikes short, 3-9 cm long, about 2 cm in diameter, solitary or several on each branch of the 

inflorescence, closely imbricate, the lower bracts 

reflexed, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-3 cm long, 

5-6 mm wide, long-acuminate, spinose-dentate; 

floral bracts oblong-ovate, up to 2 cm long, 7-9 mm 

wide at middle, acuminate, tipped by a small 

spine, the margins bearing one to several spines 

about 0.5 mm long, pilose, the hairs gland-tipped, 

the veins rather prominent; bractlets linear, 9-10 

mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, acute, rather sparingly 

nerved, glandular pilose; calyx segments striatenerved, glandular-pilose above to subglabrate below, the posterior segment 12 mm long, 3 mm wide, 

narrowed and truncately 2-3 toothed at apex, the 

anterior segments linear, slightly shorter, 3 mm 

wide, acuminate, the lateral pair similar, 2 mm 

wide; corolla 2.5-3.5 cm long, purple, pubescent, 

the hairs both glandular and eglandular, the tube 

curved, 3 mm wide at base, slightly narrowed 6 

mm above base, thence obliquely broadened to an 

infundibuliform throat 12 mm wide, the lips erect, 

the upper lip 10 mm long and 14 mm wide, 2-lobed 

to middle, the lobes broadly truncate or obcordate, 

8 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, the lower lip 3-lobed, 

the middle lip trapeziform, broadly truncate, 10 

mm long, 12 mm wide, the lateral lobes oblong, 8 

mm long, 4 mm wide, obliquely rounded; filaments 

about 2 cm long, subequal; anthers 3.5-4 mm long; 

pollen grains ellipsoid, barely twice as long as 

wide; ovary silky-velutinous, 3 mm long; style glabrous, about 2 cm long; mature capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-A. Weberbauel- 7876 (holotype B, destroyed, F photo 8706, isotype GH, NY, US), Peru, 

Cuzco, Quispicanchi. in the Marcapata Valley near 

Chilechile, 2200-2300 m alt, 22 Feb 1929. 

DIsmmurroN.-Shaded moist places in rocky soil, 

in the departments of Cuzco and Puno, Peru. 

PERU. CUZCO, Quispicanchi: Marcapata, near 

Chilechile, left bank of Araza River, 2300 m alt. 

9 Dec 1938, Val-gas 9680 (UC); Convencion: Estacibn hlachupicchu, 2000 m alt, 1938, Vargas 786 

(F). PUNO, Sandia: 9 km from Limbani, on road, 

at Chamacani, 2700 m alt, 19 May 1942, R. D. MetApheZandl-a eurystoma is unique in its relativelv 

calf 30549 (UC, US). 

short, oblique corolla and pubescent ovary. 
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

5. Aphelundra kolobantha Lindau 

Aphelandra kolobantha Lindau, Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Bot. 

Geneve 2:39. 1898. 

Stem glabrous or sparingly pubescent, fleshy; 

leaves sessile, oblonglanceolate, to 50 cm long and 

15 cm wide (those of the specimens examined 

about 30 cm long and 10 cm wide), acuminate and 

spine-tipped at apex, gradually narrowed from 

middle to base, often auriculate, thin, both surfaces glabrous or the costa and principal lateral 

veins sparingly pilose, the margins deeply sinuate 

and forming 5 or 6 pairs of broad blunt lobes, 

both lobes and sinuses spinulose-dentate, the spines 

2-3 mm long; interpetiolar bracts ovate, up to 1.5 

cm long, terminating in 3-5 pairs of sharp spines; 

spikes solitary, terminal, to 18 cm long, at first 

dense, later becoming lax, the peduncle to 10 cm 

long and 3 mm broad, glabrous or sparingly pubescent, the rachis finely pubescent; bracts narrowly lanceolate, minutely puberulent, the lower to 

40 mm long and 7 mm wide, slenderly acuminate 

and spine-tipped, triple nerved, the margins bearing 5 or 6 slender spine-tipped teeth, the upper 

linear, entire but spine-tipped, somewhat shorter; 

bractlets linear, 8 mm long, 1 mm wide at base, 

minutely pubescent, triple nerved; calyx segments 

lanceolate, 9 mm long, 2-3 mm wide at base, acuminate, sometimes 2-toothed at apex, thin parallelnerved, finely pubescent; corolla pale mauve, to 5 

cm long, finely pubescent, the tube straight, suberect, 3 mm wide at base, narrowed to 2 mm at 

about 10 mm above base, thence, subobliquely enlarged to a cylindric throat 9 mm in diameter, the 

lips equal, the lobes rounded, the upper lip 5 mm 

long and 7 mm wide, emarginate, the lower lip 

3-lobed, the middle lobe 2-parted, the segments 

connate for about 3 mm, oval, about 5 mm long, 

4 mm wide, emarginate, the lateral lobes about 6 

mm long and 5 mm wide, emarginate; filaments 

about 35 mm long; anthers 4.5 mm long, barely 

exserted; style 47 cm long, exserted; capsule oblong, about 2 cm long, 6 mm in diameter, obtuse 

at apex, glabrous, the two halves spreading and 

recurved after dehiscence. 

TYPE.-C. hlondon 300 (holotype B, destroyed, 

F photo 8667, isotypes GH, K, P, US, W), Bolivia, 

Larecaja, vicinity of Sorata, along a shady brook 

at Teneria near Condurpata, 2900 m alt, Jan-Mar 

1898. 

DIsmIBuTIoN.-Endemic to Bolivia. BOLIVIA: 

Choro, 2700 m alt, Brooke 6050 (F). 

As suggested by Lindau in the type-description, 

Aphelandra kolobantha bears a superficial resemblance to Acanthus spinosus L., one of the few native European species of Acanthaceae. The deeply 

lobed middle lobe of the lower lip of the corolla 

and the long narrow spiny bracts are characters by 

which this species can be easily recognized. 

6. Aphelandra huilensis Leonard 

Aphelandra huilensis Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 31: 

146. 1953. 

Suffrutescent herb to 2 m high or more; stems 

glabrate below, strigose toward tip, the hairs about 

0.5 mm long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic in outline, 

15-25 cm long and 9-12 cm wide, acute to acuminate at apex and terminating in a yellowish spine 

0.75-2 mm long, narrowed at base, deeply incised, 

the lobes triangular to oblong, to 7 cm long, each 

lobe terminated by a small yellowish spine (1-2 

mm long), the entire margin serrate, the teeth 1-4 

mm long and broad, all spine-tipped, the upper 

surface sparingly strigose or the costa and veins 

(about 20 pairs) more densely so, the lower surface more densely strigose, the hairs of the costa 

and veins appressed or ascending, the venation of 

the lower surface more prominent than that of the 

upper; interpetiolar bracts triangular, about 4 mm 

long, bearing a pair of stout spines, one about 1 

cm long, the other 2-3 mm long; spikes terminal 

and axillary to 10 cm long and 2-4 cm broad, the 

rachis sparingly strigose; bracts about 2 cm long 

and 8 mm wide, acuminate, terminating in a spine 

about 1 mm long, the inner surface glabrous, the 

outer surface rather sparingly strigose, the margins 

ciliate, bearing 1-4 pairs of spine-tipped teeth, the 

spines 1-2 mm long; bractlets lanceolate, about 17 

mm long and 3 mm wide near base, acuminate, 

terminated by a spine 1 mm long, striate-nerved, 

the inner suface glabrous, the outer rather sparingly strigose, ciliate, the margins usually entire; 

calyx segments red, oblong-lanceolate, 23-25 mm 

long, 3.5-5 mm wide, minutely strigose, the inner 

surface only so toward tip, the margins thin, sparingly and minutely dentate; corolla 4 cm long, red, 

rather densely hirsute except the glabrous basal 

portion, the tube 4 mm broad near base,, slightly 
NUMBER 18 21 

contracted above the ovary, thence enlarged to 7 

mm and again contracted at mouth to 5 mm, the 

upper lip erect, 5 mm long and 3-5 mm wide, 

bilobed, the lobes 3 mm long and 2.5 mm wide, 

rounded. emarginate, the lower lip more or less 

spreading, about 4 mm long, 3-lobed, the lobes 

ovate, 3.5 mm long and broad, rounded, the middle lobe flat; stamens reaching the mouth of the 

corolla tube; anthers yellow, 5-7 mm long, 1.5 mm 

broad; filaments triangular in cross section, glabrous toward tip, strigose toward base; pistil 

glabrous. 

TYPE.-K. von Sneidern 2649 (holotype S), Colombia, Huila. at La Plata, 2600 m alt. 20 Mar 

1939. 

DIsmIBUTIoN.-Endemic to Colombia, found at 

elevations above 2000 meters in the departments 

of Tolima, Huila and Cauca. COLOMBIA. TOLIMA: 

Rio Hereje, near Albania, 2000 m alt, 20 Nov 1944, 

Core 1619 (US). CAUCA: Along the Rio San Jose 

at Aguabonita, in the region of Moscopan,N,, 2280 

m alt, 30 Jan 1947, Cuatrecasas 23462 (US). 

7. Aphelandra acanthifolia Hooker 

FIGURES 1, 39 

Aphelandra acanthifolia Hooker, Icon. P1. 2, pl. 113. 1837. 

Shrub or small tree to 8 m high; stems spiny, 

sparingly pilose, the hairs 0.5-1 mm long, yellowish 

brown, more or less appressed; leaf blades ellipticovate, acuminate at both ends, to 30 cm long and 

12 cm wide, the upper surface dark green, hirsute, 

the hairs about 1 mm long, the lower surface paler 

green, velvety, densely hirsute with yellowish 

spreading hairs, the margins coarsely serrate, the 

teeth tipped by rigid spines 2-5 mm long; petioles 

rather short, 1-2 cm long, spiny near base, densely 

pilose, the hairs more or less spreading; interpetiolar bracts small, triangular, the veins ending in 

1-5 straight, sharp, yellowish spines to 1.5 cm 

long; inflorescence a terminal spike and several 

similar spikes in the axils of the upper leaves, to 

15 cm long, 3-4 cm in diameter, loosely imbricate, 

the peduncle 3-8 cm long, densely pilose, the hairs 

yeIlowish, more or less spreading; bracts triangularovate, 14-15 mm long, 6-7 mm wide near base, 

slenderly acuminate, terminating in a small spine 

about 1.5 mm long, entire, glabrous within, otherwise pilose with yeIlowish appressed or spreading 

hairs; bractlets triangular-ovate, 12-13 mm long, 

3-4 mm wide near base, abruptly and slenderly 

acuminate, spine-tipped, rounded, somewhat cari. 

nate, sparingly pilose, striate-nerved toward base; 

calyx segments oblong-ovate, spine-tipped, minutely and rather sparingly puberulent, striate-nerved, 

the nerves callous below, the margins, especially 

toward tip, pilose, the posterior 12-13 mm long, 

4 mm wide, acuminate, the anterior and lateral 

pairs 11-12 mm long, 3 mm wide, acute; corolla 

tube orange-scarlet, the lobes yellow, sericeous 

without, glabrous within, the tube 32-63 mm long, 

4-5 mm wide at base, 7-9 mm wide at mouth, the 

upper lip 10 mm long, 2-lobed, the lobes 5 mm 

long, 3 mm wide, the lower tip 10 mm long, 3- 

lobed, the middle lobe concave, 5 mm long and 

broad, the lateral lobes about 3 mm long and 

broad; stamens exserted about 5 mm beyond the 

upper lip; filaments about 30 mm long, sparingly 

pilose; anthers about 6 mm long; pollen grains 

typical, 84p long, 381.1 wide; ovary 5 mm long, glabrous; style about 55 mm long, glabrous; capsule 

ovate but sIightly stipitate, 1.7 cm long, 0.5 cm 

wide, nitid, glabrous; mature seeds not seen. 

TYPE.-"/lathews s.n. (holotype K, isotypes FI, 

P), Peru, Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 1836. 

DIsTRIBUTIoN.-Southern Ecuador and northern 

Peru. ECUADOR. Lo JA: Zamora-Huaico (SE Loja), 

2300 m alt, 15 Dec 1947, Espinosa 2267 (US); 2250- 

2300 m alt, 17 Ju1 1946, Espinosa 650 (US); Hacienda Montecristi 40 km NE of Loja, course of 

Rio Zamora toward Oriente, 8 Jun 1947, Espinosa 

1477 (US); vicinity of Loja, 29 Sep-3 Oct 1918, 

Rose 23296 (US); vicinity of Loja, 2500 m alt, 28 

Ju1 1939, Penland 1149 (US); Loja, Apr 1905, 

2200 m alt, Rivet 970 (P); near Loja, 8 Nov 1881, 

Poortmann 131 (P); mountains of Loja, Jul, Hartweg s.n. (K); Riobamba to Loja, 2500 rn alt, 1876, 

Andre' 4515 (K); without definite locality, Jameson 

sen. (US). PERU. CAJAMARCA: Jean: Near Hda 

Agua Blanca on Jeronga River, 2400 m alt, 30 Ju1 

1943, Evinger 471 (US); Cutervo: La Achira (Socota-San Andres), 24 May 1965, Lopez G Sagastegui 

5397 (HUT, US); Chota and Cutervo, June 1879, 

Telskii 149 (W); Hualgayoc: Hacienda Taulis, vicinity of Casa Hacienda, 2300 m alt, 29 Aug 1964, 

Hutchison 6- von Bismarck 6354 (UC, US, USM). 

AMAZONAS: Chachapoyas: Quebrada Moho 5 km 

below Chachapoyas, 2200-2400 m alt, 5 June 1962, 

Wzirdack 745 (US); Levanto, 1840, Mathews 3165 
22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

(K). LA LIBERTAD: Bolivar: Road between Unamen-Bolivar, 3050 m alt, 2 June 1960, Lopez & 

Sagastegui 3318 (HUT, US). WITHOUT LOCALIT. 

1876-1877, Vidal-etnege s.n. (P); 1872, Grisar s.n. 

(P). 

8. Aphelandra reticuluta Wasshausen 

Aphelandra reticuluta Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:493. 1973. 

Suffrutescent shrub 2-4 m high, the bark smooth, 

grayish; stems densely yellowish white-tomentose; 

leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 9-10 cm long and 3 cm 

wide, acuminate and spine-tipped, narrowed at 

base, subcoriaceous, the margins spinose-dendate, 

the spines 1-1.5 mm long, both surfaces pilosulous, 

the hairs whitish, densest on the costa and veins, 

the upper surface nitid, rugose, the lower surface 

strongly reticulate-nerved; petioles about 1 cm 

long, tomentose; interpetiolar bracts small, triangular, 5 mm long, consisting mainly of 2, sharp, yellowish spines 3 mm long; flowers borne in terminal 

spikes, these 6-7 cm long and 1-1.5 cm in diameter, 

the bracts erect-spreading, the rachis subtomentose; 

bracts lanceolate, 13-15 mm long, 4 mni wide at 

base, gradually narrowed to a slender spine-tipped 

point, entire, the lowermost bracts intergradinq 

into stem leaves, these occasionally bearing several 

spine-tipped teeth on the margins, subtomentose; 

bractlets lanceolate, 1 cm long, 2 mm wide at base, 

gradually narrowed to a slender spine-tipped point, 

I-nerved, faintly striate, pilosulous; calyx segments 

narrowly triangular, striate-nerved, subequal, 8 min 

long, the posterior segment 2.5 mm wide at base, 

the anterior pair 2 mm wide, the lateral pair 1.5 

inn1 wide, all spine-tipped, ciliate; corolla orange, 

4 cm long, finely pubescent, gradually enlarged 

from 4 mm at base to 9 mm at mouth, the upper 

lip elliptic, 9 mm long and 4 mm wide, 2-lobed, 

the lobes elliptic, 3 mm long and 2 mm wide, 

obtuse at apex, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes 

orbicular, the middle lobe 4 mm long, 8 mm wide, 

the lateral lobes 4 mm in diameter; stamens as 

long as the lower lip, glabrous; anthers 4.5 mm 

long, glabrous; style exceeding anthers by 3 mm, 

glabrous; capsule not seen. 

TYIT.--W. Gehi iger 294 (holotype US, isotypes 

F, 1.10, VEN), Venezuela, Merida, Mucuruba, 780- 

810 m alt, 3 Ju1 1930. 

DIsTRIsuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality. 

Aphelandra reticulata is distinguished from A. 

rnutisii, its nearest relative, by the strongly reticulate and rugose leaf blades, the entire bracts and 

the larger corollas. The corolla of A. rnutisii is 

about 3 cm long and the leaf blades, although very 

similar in shape, size, and pubescence, are faintly 

if at all rugose and reticulate. 

9. Aphelandra cinnabarina Wasshausen 

Aphelandra cinnabarina Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:485. 

1973. 

Suffrutescent shrub, 3 m high; stems subquadrangular, densely strigose; leaf blades oblong, 

21-26 cm long and 4.5-5.5 cm wide, acuminate and 

spine-tipped, narrowed at base, submembranaceous, 

the margins spinose-dentate, the spines about 2 mm 

long, the upper surface deep green-subnitid, strigose, the lower surface pale green and dull, strigose, 

the costa and lateral veins numerous, more pronounced beneath than above; petioles about 1 cm 

long, densely strigose; interpetiolar bracts small, 

triangular, 3 mm long, sparingly strigose, the veins 

excurrent, ending in 1-5 straight, sharp, yellowish 

spines to 5 mm long, the middle one longer than 

the others; flowers borne in 1-6 terminal and subterminal, peduncled spikes, these 5-7 cm long and 

1.5-2 cm wide, the peduncles 2-4 cm long, densely 

hirsute, the rachis strigillose; bracts entire, lanceolate, 10 mm long, 4 mm wide, gradually narrowed 

to a slender spine-tipped point, the lowermost 

bracts intergrading into stem leaves, these occasionally bearing several spine-tipped teeth on the 

margins, 3-nerved, strigillose, ciliolate; bractlets 

lanceolate, 7 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, gradually 

narrowed to a slender spine-tipped point, I-nerved, 

faintly striate, strigillose, ciliolate; calyx segments 

lanceolate, striate-nerved, glabrous, subequal, 8 mm 

long, acuminate and spine-tipped, distinctly callose 

at base, the posterior segment 3.5 mm wide, the 

anterior pair 3 mm wide, the lateral pair 2 mm 

wide. all ciliolate; corolla orange-red without, the 

lobes internally yellow with red spots, hirtellous, 

4-4.5 cm long, the tube 4 mm broad at base, narrowed to 2 mm at 4 mm above base, thence gradually enlarged to 8 mm at mouth, the upper lip 

erect, oblong, 10 mm long and 4 mm wide, bilobed, 
NUMBER 18 23 

the lobes oblong, 4 mm long and 2.5 mm wide, 

acute, the lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the lobes 

ovate, subequal, the middle lobe 4 mm long and 

wide, the lateral lobes 4 mm long and 3 mm wide, 

all obtuse; stamens almost reaching the tip of the 

upper lip; anthers 4.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, rounded at base, arachnoid at tip; capsule ovate, 15 mm 

long, 8 mm wide, nitid, glabrous, minutely pitted; 

seeds dark brown, rugose, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide. 

TYPE.--W. H. Camp E-3374 (holotype US, isotype NY), Ecuador, Chimborazo, Canon of the 

Rio Chanchan, about 5 km N of Huigra, 1500- 

1950 m alt, 19-28 May 1945. 

DIsmIBuTIoN.-Andean Ecuador, at elevations 

above 1220 meters. ECUADOR. AZUAY: Between 

Rio Gamolotal and Rio Huigra on road to Molleturo, 1220-1520 m alt, 10 Jun 1943, Steyermark 

52915 (F). 

Related to Aphelandra grangeri Leonard, of Colombia and Ecuador, A. cinnabarina differs markedly in its relatively longer, broader, and strigose 

leaf blades. The leaf blades of A. grangeri are to 

14 cm long and 4 cm wide and glabrous. 

10. Aphelandra tillettii Wasshausen 

FIGURE 35 

Afihelandra tillettii Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:473. 1973. 

Shrub with many ascending branches; stems 

terete, glabrous; leaf blades elliptic to oblong, 

about 15 cm long and 5-6 cm wide, shortacuminate, the tip itself a short spine, cuneate at 

base, firm, serrate, the teeth rather closely set, 1-2 

mm long, each terminating in a sharp, ascending 

spine 1-2 mm long, the upper surface grayish 

green glabrous, the lower surface similar, the costa 

and lateral veins (about 15 pairs) equally prominent on both surfaces; petioles 1.5-3 cm long, subquadrangular, canaliculate, glabrous; interpetiolar 

bracts rhombate, 8 mm long and 3 mm wide, glabrous, narrowed at apex into a long, straight, yellowish spine about 3 mm long; fl'owers borne in 

lax terminal and subterminal spikes 11-15 cm 

long and 0.8 mm broad (excluding corollas), the 

peduncles 4-4.5 cm long, glabrous, the rachis subtomentose; bracts small, green, entire, triangularovate, 8-9 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, acuminate, the 

tip itself ending in a spine, glabrous, glandularpunctate, subcoriaceous; bractlets lanceolate, 7.5 

mm long, 2 mm wide, gradually narrowed to a 

slender point tipped by a spine 1.5 mm long, glabrous, striate-nerved, ciliolate; calyx segments subulate, subequal, 8-9 mm long, acuminate and 

spine-tipped at apex, glabrous, ciliate, striatenerved, the posterior segment 2 mm wide, the anterior pair 1.5 mm wide, the lateral pair 1 mm wide: 

corolla orange-red at base, shading to lighter and 

more yellow above, pilose, about 4 cm long, the 

tube 2.5 mm broad at base, thence gradually and 

obliquely enlarged to 6 mm at mouth, the upper 

lip erect, oblong, 7 mm long and 3 mm wide at 

base, minutely bilobed, the lobes 1 mm long and 

wide, acute, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes subequal, the middle lobe ovate, 2 mm long and 2.5 

mm wide, the lateral lobes oblong, 2.5 mm long, 

1.5 mm wide, all obtuse; stamens just reaching the 

mouth of the corolla tube; anthers 5 mm long, 1 

mm wide, arachnoid at tip; capsule not seen. 

TYPE.--S. TiZZett 673-291 (holotype US), Peru, 

Amazonas, Bongara, Yambrasbamba, 40 km N of 

Jumbilla, 1860-2000 m alt, 2 Mar 1967. 

DIsTRIBUTIoN.-Know only from the typelocality. 

Distantly related to Aphelandra wurdackii Wasshausen, of Peru, A. tillettii differs in having larger 

and broader leaf blades, longer spikes, triangularovate bracts, and pilose corollas. 

11. Aphelandra grangeri Leonard 

FIGURE 31 

Aphelandra grangeri Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Kat. Herb. 31: 

701. 1958. 

Shrubs; stems glabrous, subterete, puberulous 

above, the hairs more or less appressed; leaf blades 

oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, to 14 cm long 

and 4 cm wide, acute or subacute, rounded or 

obtuse at base, glabrous, nitid above, coriaceous, 

the margins serrate-dentate, the teeth triangular, 

2-5 mm long, terminating in sharp spines to 3 mm 

long, the costa and lateral veins (8-10 pairs) prominent beneath, obscure above; petioles 3-15 mm 

long, glabrous or sparingly puberulous, the hairs 

similar to those of the stems; interpetiolar bracts 

small, rhombic or suborbicular, to 2 mm long and 1.5 

mm wide, tipped by a spine about 1.25 mm long, 

sometimes bearing a pair of lateral spines about 0.5 

mm long; flowers borne in rather dense, terminal 
24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

spikes to 4.5 cm long and 1.5 cm broad (the corollas excluded), sessile, the rachis densely puberulous, 

the hairs similar to those of the stems, the lowermost internodes to 8 mm long, the others successively shorter toward the tip of the spike; the 

lowermost flowers subtended by large leaf-like 

bracts, these about 3 cm long and 10 mm wide; the 

upper bracts lanceolate, 10 mm long including the 

terminal spine (1 mm long), 2 mm wide, slenderly 

acuminate, entire, coriaceous, sparingly puberulous, 

except the margins, these ciliolate, the cilia more 

or less spreading, the costa prominent; bractlets 

lanceolate, 7-8 mm long and 1-1.5 mm wide near 

the base, slenderly acuminate, terminating in a 

spine about 1.25 mm long, glabrous or sparingly 

puberulous, except the margins, these ciliate, the 

cilia more or less spreading; calyx segments lanceolate, 9 mm long, 3 mm wide near base, acuminate, 

terminating in a sharp spine about 0.5-1 mm long, 

glabrous or bearing a few minute dorsal hairs, the 

margins densely ciliate, the cilia more or less 

spreading, the costa prominent, the lateral nerves 

numerous and rather prominent: corolla 4 cm 

long, orange to red-orange, rather densely pubescent, the hairs spreading, the tube 3 mm broad at 

base, enlarged to 4 mm just above base, then narrowed to 3 mm at 1 cm above base, thence enlarged 

to 7.5 mm at throat, the upper lip becoming erect, 

linear, about 1 cm long, 3 mm wide, bilobed at 

tip, the lobes oblong, about 3 mm long and 1.5 mm 

wide, rounded and emarginate at tip, the lower 

lip divided to base into 3 suborbicular lobes, these 

4 mm long and 3.5 mm wide, rounded; stamens 

reaching the throat of the corolla; anthers 4.5 mm 

long, 1.5 mm broad, glabrous; filaments minutely 

pilose at base, glabrous above; style 3.5 cm long, 

glabrous; stigma cupular and fimbriate; ovary 

glabrous: capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-Granger &+ Rodriguez 10 (holotype US), 

Colombia, Cauca, on the Finca Las Mercedes, near 

Silvia, 3300 m alt, 1943. 

DIsmIsuTIoN.-Andean Colombia and Ecuador 

at elevations above 2,700 meters. COLOMBIA. cAuCA: 

Paramo de Las Papas, between El Boqueron and 

La Hoyola, 3200-3510 m alt, 7-27 Sep 1958, Idrobo, 

Pinto, 6. Bischler 3922 (P). ECUADOR. IMBABURA: 

Shanshipamba, 2700 m alt, 11 Nov 1949, Acosta 

14203 (F). CHIMBORAZO: Near Chimborazo, Andre 

4427 (K). AZUAY: Nudo de Portete; pass between 

headwaters of the rios Tarqui (Atlantic) and Giron 

(Pacific), 2700 m alt, 10 Mar 1945, Camp E-2188 

(NY, US); Cerra de St. Rosa, 19 Dec 1881, Poortmann 247 (P). LOJA: Cerro Villonaco, 2800 m alt, 

5 Oct 1946, Espinosu E-759 (F). 

12. Aphekndra euopla Leonard 

Aphelandra euopla Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 

138, 1953. 

Shrubby, thorny plants to 2 m high; stems subtomentose above, glabrate below; leaf blades oblongelliptic, 6-7 cm long, 2-3 cm wide (the spines 

not included), coriaceous, glabrous or the costa and 

veins (10 or 12 pairs) bearing a few weak hairs, 

the margins serrate-dentate, the teeth triangular, 

2-5 mm long, ending in sharp spreading spines to 

5 mm long, the upper surface bright green, drying 

light olive green, the lower surface drying dark 

olive green, the venation very prominent, especially on the lower surface, the veinlets coarsely 

reticulate toward margins; petioles to 5 mm long, 

rather sparingly pilose; interpetiolar bracts ovate 

or suborbicular, 3-5 mm long and wide, serratedentate, the teeth terminating in spines, the terminal one as much as 7 mm long; flowers borne in 

rather dense terminal and subterminal spikes 5-7 

cm long and about 2 cm broad (the corollas ex. 

cluded), the peduncles (about 8 mm long) and the 

rachis brown-puberulous; bracts lanceolate, about 

20 mm long including the terminal spine (2.5 mm 

long), 4 mm wide, acute, entire, coriaceous, sparingly ciliate, otherwise glabrous, the costa prominent; bractlets narrowly lanceolate, 12 mm long, 

including the terminal spine (2-2.5 mm long), 2 

mm wide, acuminate, subcarinate, coriaceous, the 

costa prominent, terminating in a spine sparingly 

ciliolate: calyx 1 cm long, the segments subequal, 

chartaceous. lanceolate, 2.5-4 mm wide, abruptly 

acute and at least some of them minutely dentate 

near tip (2-4 teeth), all terminating in a spine 

about 1 mm long, glabrous or bearing a few minute 

hairs, sparingly ciliolate; corolla 4.5-5 cm long, 

yellow distally, orange proximally, finely pubescent, the hairs segmented, up to 0.5 mm long or a 

few of them slightly longer, the tube slightly curved, 

3 mm broad at base, narrowed at about 5 mm 

above base to 2.5 mm, thence rather abruptly enlarged to 5.5 mm, the throat 6 mm broad, the portion from about 1.5 cm above base to mouth 
NUMBER 18 25 

tubular, the upper lip obovate, erect, 1 cm long, 

3 mm wide at base, 4 mm wide near tip, emarginate, the lobes triangular, obtuse, sometimes bilobed 

at tip, the lower lip 3-lobed, more or less spreading, 

the lobes oval, 5 mm long, 3.54 mm wide, obtuse 

or rounded, the sinuses rounded; stamens and pistil 

as long as the upper corolla lip; anthers 5 mm 

long, pilose at tip; filaments glabrous except at 

juncture with connective, here dorsally pilose; style 

glabrous; ovary glabrous; mature capsule not seen. 

TYPE.--J. Cuatrecasas 20236 (holotype US), Colombia, Valle, Valley of the Rio Bugalagrande, at 

Cuchilla de Barragin, 5320-3300 m alt, 20 Mar 

1946. 

DrsmIsUTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality. 

13, Aphelandra phaina Wasshausen 

Aphelandra phaina Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:492. 1973. 

Suffrutescent, branched shrub, 2 m high; stems 

sparingly subtomentose toward tips, terete; leaf 

blades oblong, 12-15 cm long, 4.5-5.5 cm wide, 

acuminate, gradually narrowed and obtuse at base, 

firm, coriaceous, glabrous or the costa and veins 

(numerous) bearing a few hairs, the margins 

serrate-dentate, the teeth triangular, 4-5 mm high, 

ending in sharp spreading spines 2-3 mm long, 

the upper surface drying bright yellowish green, 

the lower surface drying a dull olivaceous, the 

venation very prominent, especially on the lower 

surface, the veinlets coarsely reticulate toward margins; petioles 1-1.5 cm long, glabrous or sparingly 

tomentose; interpetiolar bracts oblong to ovate, 

16 mm long, 9 mm wide, serrate-dentate, the teeth 

terminating in spines, the terminal one short, 1 

mm long, the lateral ones 4 mm long; flowers 

borne in terminal, peduncled spikes 17.5 cm long 

and about 3 cm broad (excluding corollas), the 

peduncle (about 5.5 cm long) and rachis glabrous; 

bracts reddish, ovate, 20-23 mm long, 11.5-12 mm 

wide, acuminate and occasionally spine-tipped, 

nitid, coriaceous, striate-nerved, entire, glabrous: 

bractlets lanceolate, 12 mm long, 4 mm wide, shortacuminate, the tip a small mucro, subcarinate, 

coriaceous, striate-nerved, glabrous; calyx segments 

red, oblong-elliptic, 16-17 cm long, acute and mucronulate, striate-nerved, glabrous, the segments 

subequal, the posterior one 4.5 mm wide, the anterior pair 4 mm wide and the lateral pair 3.5 mm 

wide; corolla crimson, glabrous, 5-5.5 cm long, 

the tube 4 mm broad at base, narrowed to 3 mm 

at 1 cm above base, thence gradually enlarged to 

7 mm at mouth, the upper lip erect, elliptic, 14 mm 

long, 7 mm wide, the tip obtuse and entire, the 

lower lip 3-lobed, more or less spreading, the middle lobe obovate, 8 mm long, 7 mm wide, obtuse, 

the lateral lobes 8 mm long, 7 mm wide, obtuse or 

rounded; stamens terminating at tip of upper 

corolla lip; anthers 9 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, acute, 

glabrous; capsule not seen. 

TYPE.--W. H. Camp E-4292 (holotype US, isotype NY), Ecuador, Azuay, Eastern Cordillera, 1-8 

km N of Sevilla de Oro, 2400-2700 m alt, 27 Ju1 

1945. 

DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Endemic to Ecuador, in the provinces of El Oro and Azuay at elevations between 

2135-2700 meters. ECUADOR. EL ORO: Near Pampa de 10s Cedros, south of Cerro Chivo-Turco, 

forested slopes along quebradas tributary to Rio 

Palma, 2135-2285 m alt, 11 Aug 1943, Steyermark 

53783 (F). 

Aphelandra phaina is closely related to A. chrysantha Wasshausen, but the bracts of that relative 

are pale green, the calyx yellowish green, and the 

corolla yellow. 

14. Aphelandra chrysantha Wasshausen 

FIGURES 45, 46 

Aphelandra chrysantha Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:483. 1973. 

Suffrutescent shrub, branched near base, 3 m 

high; stems subtomentose toward tips, subquadrangular; leaf blades oblong to elliptic, 17.5-18.5 

cm long, 4.5-5 cm wide, acuminate, gradually narrowed and obtuse at base, firm, coriaceous, glabrous 

or the costa and veins (15-17 pairs) bearing a few 

weak hairs, the margins serrate-dentate, the teeth 

triangular, 4-7 mm high, ending in sharp spreading spines 3 mm long, the upper surface drying 

bright yellowish green, the lower surface drying 

dull olivaceous, the venation rather prominent 

below: petioles about 1.5 cm long, rather sparingly 

tomentose; interpetiolar bracts ovate or suborbiculate, 12 mm long, 7.5 mm wide, serrate-dentate, the 

teeth terminating in spines, the terminal one as 

much as 7 mm long; flowers borne in terminal, 
26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

peduncled spikes 17-18.5 cm long and about 3 cm 

broad (the corollas excluded), the peduncle (about 

7 cm long) and rachis glabrous; bracts pale green, 

ovate, 25 mm long, 13 mm wide, acuminate and 

spine-tipped, coriaceous, striate-nerved, entire, glabrous; bractlets lanceolate, 13-14 mm long, 5.5 mm 

wide, short-acuminate, the tip itself a small mucro, 

subcarinate, coriaceous, striate-nerved, glabrous; 

calyx segments pale yellowish green, oblong-elliptic, 

18 mm long, acute and mucronulate, striate-nerved, 

glabrous, subequal, the posterior one 6 mm wide, 

the anterior pair 5 mm wide and the lateral pair 

4 mm wide; corolla bright yellow, glabrous, 5-5.5 

cm long, the tube 4 mm broad at base, narrowed 

to 3 mm at 1 cm above base, thence gradually enlarged to 12 mm at mouth, the upper lip erect, 

oblong, 14 mm long, 8 mm wide, the tip obtuse 

and entire, the lower lip 3-lobed, more or less 

spreading, the middle lobe ovate, 6 mm long, 7.5 

mm wide, retuse at apex, the lateral lobes 6 mm 

long, 7 mm wide, obtuse or rounded; stamens terminating at tip of upper corolla lip; anthers 8-9 

mm long, arachnoid at tip, bearing a sterile theca; 

capsule ovate, 2 cm long, 9 mm broad, acute, darkbrown, nitid, minutely pitted; seeds muricate, dark 

brown, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide. 

TYPE,--W. H. Camp E-4291 (holotype US, isotype NY), Ecuador, Azuay, Eastern Cordillera, 1-8 

km N of Sevilla de Oro, 2400-2700 m alt, 27 JuI 

1945. 

DIsmIsUTIoN.-Andean Ecuador in the provinces 

of Azuay and Loja at elevations between 1600-2800 

meters. ECUADOR. LO JA: Above Loja towards 

Catamayo, 2800 m alt, 9 Oct 1955, Asplund 18060 

(S); road from Loja to La Tuna, km 14-34, 1600- 

2600 m alt, 21 Nov 1961, Dobson (1* Thien 1515 

(US); slopes of Cerro Villonaco, 10 km W of Loja, 

2400 m alt, 6 Mar 1966, Knight 520 (US). 

Aphelandra chrysantha is closely related to A. 

phaina Wasshausen, but the bracts of that relative 

are reddish, the calyx red, and the corolla crimson. 

15. Aphelandra rusbyi Britton 

Aphelandra rusbyi Britton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 27:77. 1900. 

Aphelandra cryptantha Rusby, Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 7:364. 

1927. 

Suffrutescent, 40-60 cm high or more; stems 

terete, the upper portion pilose, the hairs whitish, 

to 2 mm long, appressed or somewhat spreading; 

leaves sessile or the lower with very short broad 

petioles, the blades oblanceolate to oblong-obovate, 

10-22 cm long, 2-9 cm wide, narrowly cuneate at 

base, acute and spine-tipped at apex, both surfaces 

sparingly pilose or glabrous, the hairs spreading 

and confined chiefly to the costa and lateral veins 

(8-10 on each side), the upper surface green, the 

lower paler, the upper fourth of the margin entire 

and ciliate, the remainder spinose-dentate, the 

teeth (2-5 pairs) produced by the continuation of 

the lateral veins, successively larger and more spinose toward base, the spines 3-4 mm long; interpetiolar bracts small, oblanceolate, about 4 mm 

long, spine-tipped; spike single, terminal, solitary 

or several, the lower in the axils of the upper 

leaves, to 9 cm long, about 2 cm in diameter, the 

bracts closely imbricate, the peduncles 3-5 cm 

long, these and the rachis rather densely pilosulous; 

bracts lanceolate to ovate, the upper side reddish, 

the lower green with reddish and orange-yellowish 

spots, 1.5-2.4 cm long, 5-7 mm wide, acute and 

spine-tipped, puberulent, the margins pilose and 

bearing on each side 4-6 slender, spinose teeth, 

these ascending, the spines to 7 mm long; bractlets 

linear-falcate, acuminate, 11-14 mm long, 1.5-2 

mm wide, puberulent and pilose, carinate, 1- 

nerved; calyx segments thin, almost transparent, 

puberulent, striate-nerved, the posterior segment 

oblong, obtuse, 13 mm long, 3 mm wide at base, 

4.5 mm wide about two-thirds the distance from 

base, the anterior pair lanceolate, slightly oblique, 

acuminate, 14 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the lateral 

pair linear-lanceolate, 8 mm long, 1 mm wide; 

corolla reddish orange (red at the summit, yellowish below), slightly exceeding the calyx, 15 mm 

long, the lips subequal, about 3.5 mm long, the 

upper erect, 2-lobed, the lobes triangular, 2 mm 

long, acute, the lower lip %lobed, the lobes ovate, 

obtuse; stamens reaching the base of the corolla 

lips; capsule 1 cm long. 

TYPE.-H. H. Rusby 1108 (holotype NY, isotypes K, P, US), Bolivia, Beni, Yucuma, Reis, 450 

m alt, June 1886. 

DIsTRIBUTI0N.-Restricted to the Bolivian Andes. 

BOLIVIA. BENI: Yucuma: Rurrenabaque at the 

Rio Beni (vicinity of Reyes), 10 Dec 1930, Fleischmann 313 (S); LA PAZ, Sur Yungas: Huachi, head 

of the Beni River, 540 m alt, 12 Aug. 1921, White 

542 (NY, holotype of A. cryptantha Rusby, isotypes K, US). SANTA CRUZ: Sara: Buenavista, 27 Jun 
NUMBER 18 27 

1925, J. Steinbach 7157 (S); Angostura, 550 m alt, 

16 Ju1 1966, R. Steinbach 338 (US); May 1892, 

0. Kuntze s.n. (NY). 

Aphelandra rusbyi is distinguished by its spiny 

bracts and papery calyx segments the lateral pair 

of which are comparatively small. With the availability of additional material, the differences noted 

by Rusby between A. rusbyi and A. cryptantha 

can no longer be substantiated. 

16. Aphelandra rubra Wasshausen 

Aphelandra rubra Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:494. 1973. 

Suffrutescent herb; stems terete, the upper portion moderately strigose, the hairs appressed; leaf 

blades elliptic to oblong, 27-36 cm long and 7-7.5 

cm wide, short-acuminate, narrowed from middle 

or slightly below middle to a long-attenuate base, 

serrate, the veins terminating above middle in 

about 4 pairs of teeth, these ascending, about 5 

mm long and 15 mm broad, the attenuate portion 

of the leaf blades armed with 3-4 spine-tipped 

teeth, the upper surface sparingly strigose, the 

lower surface more densely so, the hairs subappressed, those of the costa and lateral veins (about 

19 pairs) appressed, the venation rather prominent, 

more so beneath than above; petioles 1.5-3 cm 

long, strigose, the hairs upwardly appressed; interpetiolar bracts small, leaf-like, triangular, about 7 

mm long, densely strigulose, spine-tipped, the spine 

about 1 mm long; flowers borne in 1 or several, 

terminal, peduncled spikes, 15-24 cm long, 2-3 cm 

wide, moderately dense, the peduncle 2-3 cm long, 

strigulose, the rachis puberulous, the hairs whitish: 

bracts red, greenish at tip, ovate, 20 mm long and 

15 mm wide including the spines, acuminate, subchartaceous, striate-nerved, glabrous, the margins 

spinose-toothed, the teeth (1 1-13 pairs) produced 

by the continuation of the lateral veins, successively 

larger and more spinose toward apex, the spines 

ascending, 2 mm long; bractlets subulate, red, 15 

mm long, 2 mm wide, long-acuminate, glabrous, 

the margins sparingly ciliolate; calyx segments subequal, triangular, 10-17 mm long, the posterior 

segment 16-17 mm long, 5 mm wide at base, the 

anterior pair 16 mm long, 3 mm wide, the lateral 

pair 10 mm long, 2 mm wide, carinate, all striatenerved, subhyaline, the margins entire; corollas 

wanting; capsule oblong, 12.5 mm long, 4 mm 

broad, shining, light brown, muriform; seeds drying light brown, 3 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, densely 

hirsute and glandular-punctate. 

TYPE.-B. A. Krukofl 10146 (holotype US, isotype NY), Bolivia, La Paz, S. Yungas, basin of Ro 

Bopi, San Bartolome (near Calisaya), 750-900 m 

alt, 1-22 Ju1 1939. 

DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Andean Peru and Bolivia, at elevations between 450-750 meters. PERU. LIMA: 

Valley below Chaclla, 750 m alt, May 1866, Pearce 

s.n. (K). BOLIVIA. BENI: Near Maia, 36 km W of 

Rurrenabaque, 450 m alt, Apr 1947, Cutler 9071 

(F). LA PAZ: San Buenaventura 450 m alt, 19 Nov 

1901, Williams 646 (K). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY. “Peru,” 1820, Haenka s.n. (M, F photo 20495). 

The locality here is possibly erroneous; Haenke 

could have collected this specimen in Bolivia and 

not Peru. 

Aphelandra rubra is perhaps nearest in relationship to A. rusbyi, but differs markedly in that its 

bracts are glabrous, acuminate, and the margins 

bearing on each side 11-13 slender, spinose teeth. 

17. Aphelandra dasyantha Wasshausen 

Aphelandra dasyantha Wasshausen, Phytologia 25~474. 1973. 

Shrub 1-3 m high; stems terete, sparingly strigose; leaf blades oblong to ovate, 27-32 cm long, 

12-14 cm wide, short-acuminate, gradually narrowed and attenuate at base, thin, submembranaceous, the upper surface dark green, strigose, the 

lower surface paler green, densely strigillose, the 

margins serrate-dentate, the teeth to 2 cm long, 

tipped by a spine 1 mm long, ciliate, the costa and 

lateral veins (9-10 pairs) prominent, especially on 

the lower surface, the veinlets reticulate toward 

margins; petioles (unwinged portion) about 2 cm 

long, densely pilose; interpetiolar bracts ovate or 

suborbicular, 1 cm long, 6 mm wide, serratedentate, the teeth terminating in spines, the terminal one as much as 6 mm long; flowers borne in 

terminal and subterminal spikes 8-15 cm long and 

about 2.5 cm broad, the peduncles (about 3 cm 

long) and rachis densely pilose, the hairs yellowish 

brown; bracts green, lance-ovate, 22 mm long, 8 

mm wide (without spines), acute, terminating in 

a spine about 2 mm long, strigose, the margins 

serrate-dentate with 3 pairs of teeth, these ascending, 2 mm long, spine-tipped, the spines 3 mm 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

long, ciliolate; bractlets lanceolate, 13 mm long, 

3 mm wide, acuminate and spine-tipped, subcarinate, striate-nerved, sparingly pilose, the margins 

entire, ciliate; calyx segments lance-ovate, 6-7 mm 

long, 3.5-4 mm wide, short-acuminate and spinetipped, the nerves callose below, striate-nerved, 

reticulate toward margins, puberulous, the margins 

ciliate; corolla red, 5-5.6 cm long, densely strigose, 

the hairs yellowish, the tube 4 mm broad at base, 

narrowed to 3 mm at 9 mm above base, thence 

gradually enlarged to 8 mm at mouth, the upper 

lip oblong, erect, 11 mm long, 5 mm wide, bilobed, 

the lobes ovate, 5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, retuse, 

the lower lip 10 mm long, 3-lobed, the middle lobe 

ovate, concave, 6 mm long and 5 mm wide, obtuse, 

the lateral lobes oblong, 7 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 

obtuse; stamens reaching the tip of the upper lip; 

anthers 6 mm long, 1 mm wide; capsule oblong, 

15 mm long, 7 mm wide, nitid, glabrous; seeds 

triangular-ovate, 5 mm long, 3.5 mm broad, dark 

brown, muricate. 

TwE.-VVidaZ Senege s.n. (holotype P), Ecuador 

and Peru, 1876-1877. 

DIsmmuTIoN.-Southern Ecuador and northern 

Peru. PERU. AMAZONAS: Bagua Chica, 25 Jan 

1877, Vidal-Senegee 4811 (P); San Carlos, 7 Feb 

1877, Vidal-Senegee 4833 (P); Guayabamba, 1877, 

VidaLSe'ekge s.n. (P). 

Aphelandra dasyantha is not nearly allied to 

the other species. 

18. Aphelandra juninensis Wasshausen 

FIGURE 37 

Aphelandra juninensis Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:471. 1973. 

Shrub; stems quadrangular, sparingly tomentose; leaf blades opposite or occasionally ternate, 

oblong-lanceolate, 21-24 cm long and 5.5-6.5 cm 

wide, gradually narrowed to a slender acuminate 

tip, cuneate at base, thick, firm, coriaceous, irregularly serrate-dentate, the teeth broadly triangular, 

armed with slender spines to 2 mm long, both surfaces glabrous except the costa and lateral nerves, 

these sometimes sparingly tomentose, the smaller 

veins forming a rather conspicuous reticulation; 

petioles about 1 cm long, sparingly tomentose; 

interpetiolar bracts minute, armed with one or 

more straight, slender spines; spikes one to several, 

terminal and in the axils of the upper leaves, short, 

3-5.5 cm long, slender-peduncled, the peduncles 

1.5-5.5 cm long, these and the rachis tomentose; 

bracts green, oblong-ovate, 12-15 mm long, about 

5 mm wide, rather abruptly acuminate, armed with 

about 6 slender spines on each side to 3.5 mm long 

and terminating in a similar spine, glabrous or the 

costa, base, and margins pilose; bractlets triangularovate, 10 mm long, 3 mm wide at base, gradually 

narrowed to a slender point tipped by a spine about 

3 mm long, pilose without, glabrous within, one 

margin entire, the other bearing a pair of spines, 

one 0.5 mm long, the other 1 mm long, ciliate; 

calyx segments lanceolate, subequal, 10-1 1 mm 

long, 2-3 mm wide, slenderly acuminate, spinetipped, glandular-ciliate; corolla puberulent, 3-3.5 

cm long, the tube 3 mm broad at base; narrowed 

to 2 mm at 7 mm above base, thence gradually enlarged to 8 mm at mouth, the upper lip erect, 

recurved at tip, elliptic, 7 mm long and 5 mm wide, 

bilobed, the lobes obovate, 2 mm long and 2.5 mm 

wide, mucronulate, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes 

obovate, subequal, erect, the middle lobe 3 mm 

long and 6.5 mm wide, the lateral lobes 4 mm long 

and wide, all obtuse; stamens barely exserted beyond the mouth of the corolla tube; anthers 5 mm 

long, 1 mm wide, acute at both ends; capsule not 

seen. 

TYPE.-A. Weberbauer 6537 (holotype F, isotype GH), Peru, Junin, Huancayo, valley of Pariahuanca, between Panti and Rocchac, 2400 m alt, 

Mar 1913. 

DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality. 

Aphelandra juninensis is closely allied with A. 

macrosiphon, from Bolivia. It has, however, relatively narrower leaf blades than the Bolivian species, oblong-ovate bracts rather than lanceolate, 

and triangular, slenderly acuminate bractlets rather 

than lanceolate ones as pictured on the type sheet 

of A. macrosiphon, by Lindau. 

19. Aphelandra superba Lindau 

Aphelandra superba Lindau, Ann. K. K. Naturh. Hofmus. 

Wien 16:71. 1901. 

Shrubby, to 2 m high; the young branches pubescent, becoming glabrous, bearing a pair of small 

1- or 2-spined bracts opposite the base of the 

petioles; leaf blades oblong to oblong-ovate, acute 
NUMBER 18 29 

to acuminate at apex, narrowed at base, 21 cm 

long, 9 cm wide, thick coriaceous, the margins 

irregularly spinose-serrate (the spines to 2 mm 

long), both surfaces velutinous-pubescent, the hairs 

of the upper surface straight, about 0.5 mm long, 

those of the lower longer, softer and webby, the 

costa and lateral veins (17 or 18 on each side) 

prominent, the small veins more or less reticulate; 

petiole about 0.5 cm long, thick tomentose beneath, 

short-pilose above; inflorescence a dense panicle of 

short spikes, the bracts closely imbricate, the rachis 

tomentose; bracts ovate, 15 mm long, 7-8 mm wide 

(without teeth), velutinous-pubescent, green, the 

nerves projecting into 6 or 7 slender spinose teeth 

to 3 mm long, the tip acuminate; bractlets lanceolate, 11 mm long, 2.5 mm wide just above base, 

slenderly acuminate and tipped by a spine 0.5 mm 

long; calyx segments lanceolate 10-11 mm long, 

2-3 mm wide, slenderly acuminate and tipped by a 

minute spine, striate-nerved, glabrous below, 

sericeous-pubescent above, the margins more or 

less scarious; corolla minutely pubescent, to 4 cm 

long, salmon color, the tube about 4 mm wide at 

base, constricted to 2.5 mm about 5 mm above 

base, thence gradually enlarged to about 8 mm at 

mouth, the upper lip about 1 cm long, divided 

into 2 obtuse lobes about 3 mm long, the lower 

lip 3-lobed, the lobes about 4 mm in diameter; 

filaments about 3.5 cm long; anthers 4.5 mm long; 

pollen grains typical, 77p-88p long, 27p-3Oy diameter; ovary 4 mm high, glabrous; style ca 5 cm 

long, glabrous; mature capsule not seen. 

Tym-Lobb s.n. (holotype, W; isotype B, destroyed, F photo 8678), “Peru.” This is probably 

one of the specimens collected by Lobb in Ecuador 

and erroneously ascribed to Peru (Killip, 1932). 

DIsTRIBuTIoN.-southern Ecuador. ECUADOR. 

LOJA: Between La Toma and Loja, 1800-2600 m 

alt, 4 Sep 1923, Hitchcock 21391 (US). 

Aphelandra superba superficially resembles A. 

acanthifolia. It differs strikingly, however, in its 

larger, thicker, tomentose leaf blades and strongly 

spinose-dentate bracts. The description was compiled from the holotype at Vienna. 

20. Aphelundra benoistii Wasshausen 

Aphelandra benoistii Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:489. 1973. 

Shrub; stems terete, minutely and inconspicuously tomentose; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, 5.5- 

9.5 cm long and 3-4 cm wide, gradually narrowed 

to a slender acuminate tip, cuneate at base, thick, 

subcoriaceous, serrate, the teeth rather closely set, 

2-3 mm long, each terminating in sharp, straight, 

yellowish spines 1-2 mm long, the upper surface 

nitid, sparingly tomentose, the lower surface glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (12-13 pairs) 

sparingly tomentose, the costa and veins prominent, 

the veinlets reticulately anastomosing; petioles 1 

cm long, densely tomentose; interpetiolar bracts 

small, triangular, 2-3 mm long, subtomentose, the 

veins excurrent, ending in 1-5 straight sharp yellowish spines to 5 mm long, the middle one longer 

than the others; spikes one to several, terminal and 

in the axils of the upper leaves, sessile, short, 5-6 

cm long, 1.5 cm wide, the rachis tomentose; bracts 

green, rhombate, 18 mm long, 11 mm wide, acuminate and spine-tipped, the margins ending in a 

pair of distinctively yellow spines, tomentose especially near the base, 3-nerved, rather conspicuously 

reticulate near tip; bractlets lanceolate, 12 mm 

long, 3 mm wide, subfalcate, carinate, gradually 

narrowed to a slender point tipped by a spine 1.5 

mm long, pilose without, especially near the margins, striate-nerved; calyx segments oblong, subequal, 9 mm long, acuminate and cuspidate, pilose, 

ciliate, striate-nerved, the posterior segment 3 mm 

wide, the anterior pair 2.5 mm wide, the lateral 

pair 2 mm wide; corolla orange, moderately pilose, 

3-3.5 cm long, the tube 2 mm broad at base, gradually enlarged to 6 mm at mouth, the upper lip 

erect, elliptic, 8 mm long and 4 mm wide, bilobed, 

the lobes elliptic, 3.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, obtuse, 

the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes oblong, subequal, 

erect, the middle lobe 4 mm Iong and 2.5 mm wide, 

the lateral lobes 4 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, all 

obtuse; stamens barely extending beyond the mouth 

of the corolla tube; anthers 5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 

acute at both ends; capsules not seen, 

TYPE.--R. Benoist 3986 (holotype P), Ecuador, 

Pinchincha, Mojanda, 3 Mar 1931. 

DIsTRIBuTI0N.-Known only from the typelocality. 

Aphelundra benoistii is perhaps nearest in relationship to A. grangeri, but differs markedly in its 

much longer and broader, rhombate, tomentose, 

and spiny-margined bracts. 
30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

21. Aphelundra cirsioides Lindau 

Aphelandra cirsioides Lindau, Fedde Repert. Nov. Sp. 1 : 157. 

1905. 

Shrub 2 m high; bark light gray, bearing numerous fissured lenticels, the smaller twigs more or 

less pilose; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, to 13 cm 

long and 3 cm wide, but usually somewhat smaller 

at base, acute and mucronate at apex, firm, thick, 

the margins sinuate-dentate, the nerves ending with 

the formation of sharp spines 2-4 mm long, the 

upper surface shining, sparingly pilose, the hairs 

confined chiefly to the costa and nerves, the lower 

surface glabrous except the sparingly pilose, prominent costa and veins; petioles to 1 cm long, pilose, 

the hairs 1 mm long or less, each petiole flanked 

at base by a pair of interpetiolar bracts, these 

ovate 3 mm long or less, the nerves terminating in 

1-5 sharp spines to 4 mm long, these more or less 

retrorse; lower flowers solitary, axillary, the upper 

forming spikes at the tips of the branches, the 

rachis rather densely pilose; lower bracts leaflike, 

the upper green, ovate to obovate, 10-15 mm long, 

5 mm wide, the margin spinose-dentate, with 3-5 

pairs of spines, usually strongly pilose; bractlets 

lanceolate, 9-11 mm long, 2.5-3 mm broad near 

base, gradually narrowed to a spinose tip, the 

middle nerve prominent, the margins ciliate, often 

bearing one or two spines; calyx segments oblongovate, 8-10 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm wide, acuminate, 

spine-tipped, striate-nerved, ciliolate; corolla 3-4.5 

cm long, orange or yellowish red, the throat yellow, 

finely pubescent, the tube suberect, more or less 

curved, 2-3 mm in diameter at base, gradually enlarged to 10 mm at mouth, the upper lip oblong, 

2-3 mm wide at base, 3.5-4 mm wide at tip, 2- 

lobed or emarginate at apex, the lobes as much as 

3 mm in diameter] the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes 

rounded, about 5 mm long and 4 mm wide; filaments 27 mm long, sparingly pilose; style about 43 

mm long, exserted; anthers exserted, 5 mm long, 

dorsally pilose and united; pollen grains typical, 

77p-88p long, 27p-35p diameter; capsule cylindric, 

about 15 mm long, 6 mm in diameter, glabrous, 

obtusely pointed at apex; seeds wanting. 

TYPE.-A. Webel-bauer 3901 (holotype B, destroyed), Peru, Cajamarca, Hualgayoc, above San 

Miquel, 2600-2700 m alt, 3 May 1904. 

DIsmIBUTIoN.-Along the Andes from southern 

Ecuador to central Peru. ECUADOR. LOJA: Between La Toma and Loja, 1800-2600 rn alt, 4 Sep 

1923, Hitchcock 21423 (US). PERU. PIURA: Huancabamba: N of Huancabamba, Jicate, 2700-2800 

m alt, May 1912, Weberbauer 6328 (US, GH, F 

photo 8661). HUANUCO: Cani, pueblo 7 m NE of 

Mito, 2500 m alt, 16-26 Apr 1923, Macbride 3448 

e.p. (F, N, US). JUNIN: La Merced, 600 m alt, 

10-24 Aug 1923, Macbride 3448 e.p. (F, US). 

Aphelandra cirsioides is readily distinguished 

from A. formosa in that the latter has densely tomentose leaf blades and stems. Also, A. hieronymi 

is clearly distinguished from A. cirsioides because 

the former has short, unbranched spikes. 

22. Aphelundra formosa (Humboldt 

& Bonpland) Nees 

FIC~JRES 2, 33 

Aphelandra formosa (Humboldt & Bonpland) Nees in de 

Candolle, Prodr. 11:301. 1847. 

Ruellia formosa Humboldt & Bonpland, P1. Aequin. 1:167. 

pl. 48. 1813 [non Andrews, 18101. 

Hygrophikz formosa [Humboldt & Bonpland] Sprengel, Syst. 

Veg. 2:828. 1825. 

Aphelandra formosa (Humboldt & Bonpland) Nees var. 

polystachya Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:302. 1847. 

Aphelandra carduifolia Hooker, Ic. P1. 8. pl. 718. 1848. 

Shrub or small tree to 3 m high, much branched; 

the tips of the leaf bearing twigs densely brown 

velvety pilose, the hairs about 1.5 mm long, and 

bearing under petioles a pair of small bracts, armed 

with one to several straight slender spreading spines 

(those of the flowering twigs to 4 mm long); leaf 

blades opposite or occasionally alternate, oblong, to 

12 cm long and 3.5 cm wide, acute, cuneate or obtusish at base, coriaceous, spinose-dentate, the teeth 

in pairs, the spines to 2 mm long, the upper surface shining, bright green, sparingly to rather 

densely pilose, the hairs densest on the costa and 

veins, the lower surface paler, and more densely 

pilose with brownish hairs; petioles to 5 mm long, 

densely covered with brown-velvety hairs, as are 

the young stems; the lower flowers axillary (in the 

axils of the upper leaves) the upper forming a terminal spike; bracts similar to the leaf blades but 

much smaller, the uppermost triangular-ovate, 5- 

10 mm long, about 4 mm wide, spine-tipped and 

bearing one to several spines on the margins; bractlets lanceolate, 8-10 mm long, 2-4 mm above the 

base, acuminate, tipped by a small spine, entire or 
NUMBER 18 31 

bearing a small spine on each margin, striatenerved, pilosulous and ciliate; calyx segments subequal, lanceolate, 8-10 mm long, 24 mm wide, 

acuminate, spine-tipped, glabrous below, pilosulous and ciliate above; corolla about 3 cm long, 

bright red, finely pubescent, the tube cylindric, 

slightly curved, 2 mm in diameter at base, enlarging at about 5 mm above base, first abruptly, then 

gradually to 8 mm in diameter at mouth, the 

upper lip erect, 6-7 mm long, 3 mm wide, emarginate, the lobes about 2.5 mm long, rounded, the 

lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes orbicular, about 5 mm 

in diameter, erect or slightly spreading; stamens 

about as long as the corolla, the interior pair 

slightly shorter than the outer pair; anthers 5.5 

mm long; style equalling the stamens in length; 

capsule ovate, flattened, acute. 

TwE.-Bonpland s.n. (syntype P, F photo 

39427), Peru, Piura, in cool mountains, paramo do 

Guamani. 

DISTRIBuTIoN.-At elevations above 2000 meters 

in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. ECUADOR. IMBABURA: Mojanda, on road Otavalo Minas, at the 

cross road to Cerro Blanco, 3200 m alt, 3 Jun 1967, 

Sparre 16843 (S). BOLIVAR: Around Chapacoto, 

near Guaranda, 2600-2800 m alt, Lehmann 7848 

(K); San Jose, western slope of Chimborazo, 2700 

m alt, Ju1 1876, Andre 3198 (K); Guaranda, 2600 m 

alt, 13 Aug 1939, AspZund 8222 (S, US); near Guaranda, valley of Rio Chimbo, 2800 m alt, Dec, 

Rimbach 630 (NA, S). AZUAY: Sevilla de Oro, river 

slope, 2500 m alt, 26 Jun 1947, Hurling 1180 (S); 

around Huarainac on the Rio Paute, east Andes of 

Cuenca, 2300-2800 m alt, Lehmann 6546 (K, US). 

WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: Andes of Quito, 1846-69, 

Jameson 166 (K, holotype, W, US, isotypes of A. 

carduifolia Hooker). PERU. CA JAMARCA: Cutervo: 

4 km E of Huambos on Cutervo trail, 2800 m alt, 

17 Dec 1938, Stork 6. Horton 10196 (F, UC); San 

Pablo: ca 1 km above NE town, 2630 m alt, 13 May 

1964, Hutchison 6. Wright 5039 (UC, US); Contumaza: El Puquio, 2900 m alt, 21 Jun 1962, Segastegui 3907 (US), San Miguel, 2100-2400 m alt, 

Hall s.n. (K, holotype of A. fmmosa Humboldt & 

Bonpland var. polystachya Nees ) . HUANUCO: Huassahuassi, Ruiz 6 Pavon s.n.; Dombey s.n. (G, P). 

Summit of Pisagua, 2400 m alt, Hall s.n. (K). 

BOLIVIA. Eastern Andes, Pearce 368 (K). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY. Equateur et Perou, 1872, 

Grisar s.n. (P); Peru, Lobb s.n. (K, W). 

23. Aphelandra mutisii Leonard 

FIGURE 20 

Aphelandra nutisii Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 136. 

Shrubby plants to 4 m high; stems densely and 

softly pilose or subtomentose, the hairs yellowish, 

to 1 mm long, spreading or retrorse; leaf blades 

oblong to oblanceolate or narrowly obovate, to 9 

cm long and 4 cm wide, acute to acuminate, narrowed at base, thick, subcoriaceous, serrate, the 

teeth rather closely set, 2-3 mm long, each terminated by sharp, straight spines 2-3 mm long, the 

upper surface nitid, rather sparingly pilose, the 

costa densely so, the hairs to 1 mm long, yellowish, the costa, lateral veins (about 20 pairs) and 

veinlets shallowly impressed, the veinlets reticulately anastomosing, the lower surface densely and 

softly tawny pilose or subtomentose, the costa and 

veins prominent, the reticulation obscured by the 

dense pubescence; petioles to 5 mm long, the 

pubescence similar to that of the stems; interpetiolar bracts small triangular, to 4 mm long, sparingly pilose, the veins excurrent, ending in 1-5 

straight sharp yellowish spines to 6 mm long, the 

middle one longer than the others; flowers borne 

in terminal or, with maturity both terminal and 

lateral spikes, these dense, to 7 cm long and 3 cm 

broad, the lowermost bracts intergrading into stem 

leaves, the rachis densely tawny pilose; bracts narrowly oblong, 15-20 mm long, about 6 mm wide, 

otherwise resembling the leaf blades; bractlets narrowly lanceolate, to 8 mm long and 3 mm wide 

near the base, ending in a spine about 3 mm long 

and bearing 1 or 2 shorter spines on the margins, 

rather densely pilosulous and ciliate except at the 

base, the hairs yellowish, the nerves prominent; 

calyx segments oblong-lanceolate, about 1 cm long, 

2-3 mm wide, tipped by a weak spine, puberulous 

toward tip, glabrous below, ciliate, some of the 

marginal hairs glandular; corolla about 3 cm long, 

7 mm broad at mouth, bright orange-red to red, 

sparingly and minutely pubescent, the upper lip 

erect, arched, about 9 mm long and 4 mm wide, 

2-lobed, the lobes oval, about 2.5 mm long and 1.5 

mm wide, rounded, the lower lip 3-lobed nearly 

to the base, the lobes subequal, about 5 mm long, 

rounded; capsule 15 mm long, 6 mm broad, 4 or 5 

mm thick, blunt at tip, glabrous, nitid, minutely 

punctate. 

1953. 
32 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

TYPE.--J. C. Mutis 1943 (holotype US), Colombia, 1760-1808. 

DrsmIsuTIoN.-Southern Colombia and Ecuador. 

COLOMBIA. NARINO~O: Near Pasto, 2500 m alt, 1851- 

1857, Triana s.n. (K, P, NY, US, W); Pasto, 2137 

m alt, Karsten s.n. (W); Pasto, 2000 m alt, Engels 

s.n. (LE); near Tuquerres, 3000 m alt, 16 May 

1876, Andree 3198 (K). ECUADOR. PICHINCHA: Near 

Tigua, Sodiro 122/10 (P); TUNGURAHUA: Pangor, 

Oct 1858, Spruce 5573 (K, W). BOLIVAR: Vinchoa, 

2800 m alt, 29 Sep 1943, Acosta 5939 (F); San 

Simdn, near Guaranda, 2700 m alt, 18 Nov 1943, 

Acosta 6811 (F); Atio de Telimbela, 2800 m alt, 

24 Jan 1944, Acosta 7162 (F). CAARNARARAR: N. rim of the 

valley of the Rio de Canar, between Tambo and 

Suscal, 2000-3000 m alt, 23 Apr 1945, Camp E-2751 

(NY, US). 

24. Aphelandra luyensis Lindau 

Aphelandra luyensis Lindau, Notizbl. 8:245. 1921. 

Shrub to 4 m high; stems sparingly pilose, later 

glabrous, the hairs 0.5-1.5 mm long, yellowish 

brown, more or less appressed; leaf blades ellipticovate, acuminate at both ends, to 20 cm long and 

9 cm wide, both surfaces densely pubescent with 

yellowish spreading hairs, to 1 mm long, the lower 

surface velvety, the margins finely serrate, the teeth 

tipped by rigid spines 1-1.5 mm long; petioles 1-2 

cm long, sparingly pilose, the hairs spreading 

above, more or less appressed beneath; inflorescence a terminal spike and several axillary similar 

spikes in the axils of the upper leaves, to 8 cm 

long, about 2 cm in diameter, closely imbricate, 

both rachis and peduncle 1-2 cm long, rather 

densely pilose with yellowish hairs; bracts triangularovate, 12-13 mm long, 5-6 mm wide near base, 

slenderly acuminate, terminating in a small spine, 

entire or bearing one or two minute teeth near 

the tip, glabrous toward base within, otherwise 

pilose with yellowish, appressed or spreading hairs; 

bractlets triangular-ovate, 8-10 mm long, 3-4 mm 

wide near base, abruptly and slenderly acuminate, 

spine-tipped, rounded, somewhat carinate, sparingly pilose, striate-nerved toward base; calyx segments 

oblong-ovate, spine-tipped, minutely and rather 

sparingly puberulent, striate-nerved, the nerves 

callous below, the margins scarious-ciliolate, the 

posterior 9-11 mm long, 4 mm wide, abruptly 

acuminate, the anterior and lateral pairs 9 mm 

long, 3-4 mm wide, acute; corolla scarlet with a 

yellow tube, sparingly pilose without, glabrous 

within, the tube about 40 mm long, 5 mm wide at 

base, 9 mm wide at mouth, the upper lip 18 mm 

long, 2-dentate, the lobes 6 mm long, 4 mm wide, 

the lower lip 9 mm long, 3-lobed, the middle lobe 

concave, about 7 mm long and broad, the lateral 

lobes about 4 mm long and broad; stamens about 

equaling the corolla in length; filaments about 40 

mm long, the lower portions pubescent; anthers 

about 6 mm long; pollen grains typical, 92p long, 

34p-38p wide; ovary 4 mm long, glabrous; style 

about 50 mm long, glabrous; capsule ovate, but 

slightly stipitate, 1 mm long, 5 mm wide; seeds 

about 3 mm in diameter, the margins puberulent. 

TYPE.-A. Weberbauer 7163 (holotype B, destroyed, F photo 8672, isotype GH), Peru, Amazonas, Luya, above Congo, on the banks of Rio de 

Vilaya (a tributary of the Rio Maraiion), 2800- 

2900 m alt, 2 Ju1 1915. 

DIsmIBuTIoN.-~outhern Ecuador and northern 

Peru, at elevations between 1500-2900 meters. 

ECUADOR. SANTIAGO-ZAMORA: Huamboya, between 

La Esperanza and Santa Ana, 1500-2000 m alt, 15 

Feb 1944, Acosta 7425 (F). 

As suggested by Lindau in his observations on 

the type, this species can be compared with A. 

superba. The undersurfaces of the leaves of that 

species, however, are tomentose rather than pilose 

and the bracts are strongly pectinate instead of 

entire or nearly so. This description was compiled 

in part from the isotype deposited in the Gray 

Herbarium. 

25. Aphelandra wurdackii Wasshausen 

FIGURE 30 

Aphelandra wurdackii Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:472. 1973. 

Shrub 1-2.5 m high; stems terete, glabrous or 

minutely and inconspicuously puberulous; leaf 

blades elliptic to oblong, 8-11 cm long and to 4 

cm wide, short-acuminate, the tip a short spine, 

cuneate at base, submembranaceous, serrate, the 

teeth rather closely set, 1-2 mm long, each terminating in sharp, straight, yellowish spines 1-2 

mm long, the upper surface nitid, glabrous, the 

lower surface glabrous or the costa and lateral 
NUMBER 18 

veins (8-1 3 pairs) sparingly and inconspicuously 

strigillose, the costa and veins prominent beneath, 

more so than above; petioles to 5 mm long, sparingly strigillose; flowers borne in 5-6 spikes, these 

subsessile, terminal and in the axils of the upper 

leaves, 6-8 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, the peduncle 

about 1 cm long, both it and the rachis strigillose; 

bracts small, green, barely imbricate, entire, lanceolate, 6-7 mm long, 2 mm wide, acuminate and 

spine-tipped, glabrous, subcoriaceous, ciliolate; 

bractlets lanceolate, 6 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, subfalcate, gradually narrowed to a slender point 

tipped by a spine 0.5 mm long, glabrous, striatenerved, ciliate; calyx segments lanceolate, subequal, 

7 mm long, acuminate and spine-tipped, glabrous, 

ciliate, striate-nerved, the posterior segment 2.5 mm 

wide, the anterior pair 2 mm wide, the lateral pair 

1.5 mm wide; corolla pink, puberulous, 44.5 cm 

long, the tube 4 mm broad at base, narrowed to 

2 mm at 7 mm above base, thence gradually enlarged to 6 mm at mouth, the upper lip erect, 

oblong, 9 mm long and 4 mm wide, bilobed, the 

lobes elliptic, 5 mm long, 2.5 wide, retuse, the 

lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, subequal, spreading, the middle lobe 4 mm long and wide, the lateral lobes 4 mm long and 3 mm wide, all obtuse; 

stamens almost reaching the tip of the upper lip; 

anthers 4.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, acute and arachnoid; capsule oblong, 11 mm long, 6 mm broad, 

nitid, glabrous, minutely pitted; seeds dark brown, 

rugose, 3 mm in diameter. 

TYPE.-.J. Wurduck 1487 (holotype US, isotypes 

K, P), Peru, Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 1-2 km W of 

Molinopampa, along Rio Ventilla, 2350-2400 m 

alt, 23-25 Ju1 1962. 

DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Known only from around the 

type-1ocalit.y. PERU. AMAZONAS: E of Leimebamba, 3000 m alt, 20 Aug 1943, Evinger 496 (US). 

Distantly related to Aphelandra tillettii Wasshausen, of Peru, A. wurdackii differs in having 

smaller and narrower leaf blades, shorter spikes, 

lanceolate bracts, and puberulous corolla. 

26. Aphelandra weberbaueri Mildbraed 

FIGURE 43 

APhelundrn weberbaueri Mildbraed, Notizbl. 11:67. 1930, 

Shrub to 3 m high; branches glabrous or sparingly tomentose; leaf blades oblong-elliptic to 

oblong-ovate, 20-25 cm long and 8.5 cm wide, 

acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, the margins 

serrate-dentate, the teeth distant, 2-3 cm apart, 

tipped by spines 24 mm long, these formed by 

the production of the lateral nerves, both surfaces 

glabrous or the costa and nerves (8-12 on each 

side of the costa) sparingly and minutely tomentose, the costa broad, the lateral nerves rather 

obscure; petioles 3-5 cm long, sparingly tomentose; inflorescence a terminal spike to 35 cm long, 

1 cm in diameter, lax, the distant bracts scarcely 

imbricate, the rachis sparingly tomentose, the peduncle about 3 cm long; bracts triangular-ovate, 

5-7 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, acuminate, entire, 

glabrous within, webby-villous without, striatenerved; bractlets 4 mm long, 2 mm wide, otherwise similar to the bracts; calyx segments ovate to 

broadly oblong, 4-6 mm long, 2.54 mm wide, 

broadly truncate at base, rounded or truncate and 

mucronulate at apex, the, margin densely whitevillous; corolla purplish red, glabrous without, puberulent within, the tube about 3 cm long, 5 mm 

wide at base, narrowed to 3 mm at 5 mm above 

base then enlarged to 6 mm, curved, somewhat 

ventricose, the mouth strongly oblique, the upper lip 18-22 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, gradually 

narrowed to 2.5 mm near base, the tip bilobed, 

the lobes about 3 mm long, 1 mm wide, obtuse 

or rounded, lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes semioval, 6 mm long, 5 inm wide at base, rounded 

at apex, the margins reflexed, villous-ciliate; stamens about equaling the upper lip, one pair about 

5 mm longer than the other; anthers 4 mm long, 

apically obtuse, bearing tufts of long weak hairs; 

pollen grains obtuse, somewhat pyriform, 51p X 

135~; ovary and style glabrous; capsules not seen. 

TYPE.--A. Weberbauer 6657 (holotype B, destroyed, F photo 8719, isotype GH), Peru, Junin, 

Juaja, at Hacienda La Libertad on the banks of 

the Rio Masamerich (known today as Rio Portachuelo), 800-1000 m alt, May 1913. The corolla 

was scarlet, the lobes of the lower lip yellow with 

a red middle stripe. 

DIs~rBuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality. 

Aphelandra weberbaueri is characterized by a 

slender lax spike, small bracts, and the broad mucronulate calyx segments. This description was 

compiled from the isotype deposited in the Gray 

Herbarium. 
34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

27. Aphelandra mucronata (Ruiz & Pavon) Nees 

FRONTISPIECE 

Aphelandra mucronada (Ruiz & Pavon) Nees in de Candolle, 

/usticia mucronata Ruiz & Pavon, F1. Peruv. & Chil. Prodr. 

Prodr. 11:301. 1847. 

1:8. pl. 10. 1798. 

Erect, branched shrub to 2 m high; branches 

terete, glabrous or sparingly hirsute; leaf blades 

oblong-obovate, 25-30 cm long and 11 cm wide, 

mucronate, cuneate at base, shining above, the 

margins spinose-dentate, the teeth incurved, distant, 2.5-4 cm apart, tipped by spines 2-4 mm 

long, these formed by the outgrowth of the lateral 

nerves, both surfaces glabrous or the costa and 

nerves (8-12 on each side of the costa) sparingly 

and minutely tomentose, the costa broad, the lateral nerves rather obscure; petioles 2-3 cm long, 

sparingly tomentose; inflorescence a terminal spike 

to 30 cm long, 1.5-2 cm in diameter, lax, the 

flowers opposite or in threes, distant, the rachis 

sparingly tomentose, the peduncle about 10 cm 

long; bracts green, ovate, 15 mm long, 5 mm wide, 

entire, acute, glabrous within, glabrous to sparingly hirsute without, striate-nerved; bractlets 1.3 

cm long, 4.5 mm wide, the margins obsoletely denticulate, otherwise similar to the bracts; calyx segments oblong, 13-15 mm long, 5 mm wide, broadly 

truncate at base, acuminate with indurate apex, 

membranaceous, the margins denticulate and sparingly pilose; corolla red, apically yellow, glabrous 

both within and without, the tube about 3.5 cm 

long, 6 mm wide at base, narrowed to 4 mm at 5 

mm above base then enlarged to 10 mm, curved, 

somewhat ventricose, the mouth strongly oblique, 

the upper lip 18 mm long, 4 mm wide, gradually 

enlarged to 5 mm near base, the tip bilobed, the 

lobes about 2 mm long, 2 mm wide, obtuse or 

rounded, lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes semi-oval, 

6 mm long, 5 mm wide at base, rounded at apex, 

the margins villous-ciliate; stamens about equaling 

the upper lip, one pair about 5 mm longer than 

the other; anthers 5 mm long, apically obtuse, 

bearing tufts of long weak hair; pollen grains 

obtuse, 66y X 30y; ovary and style glabrous; capsule oblong-obovate, three times as long as the 

calyx. 

TypE.-Ruiz & Pavon s.n. (holotype MA, isotypes F, G), Peru, Huanuco, Huanuco, in woods at 

Pati near Chinchao. 

DIsTRIBUTION.-HuPauco, Peru at altitudes between 600-800 meters. PERU. HUANUCO: Tingo 

Maria, 600-650 m alt, 10 Ju1 1955, Ferrqrra 13134 

(USM, US); 8 Ju1 1940, Asplund 12080(S); along 

river, 700 m alt, 21 Oct 1938, Stork Q Horton 9468 

(F, NA); Huamalies: Right side of Rio Monzon, 

trail of Cueva de las Lechuzas, 700-800 m alt, 18 

Ju1 1948, Ferwyra 4235 (USM, US); Leoncio Prado: 

5 km from Tingo Maria, 672 m alt, 4 Ju1 1969, 

Schunke 3254 (F, US). 

Superficially ApheZandra mucronata strongly resembles A. weberbaueri. The leaves and bracts 

(except for size) compared to Ruiz and Pav6n’s 

illustrations are practically identical. The calyx 

segments of A. weberbaueri are more truncate or 

rounded than those portrayed in Ruiz and Pav6n’s 

drawing of A. mucronata. The spike of A. mucronata is pictured as bearing but 13 flowers, whereas 

that of Weberbauer 6657 bears from 40-50 flowers. 

28. Aphelandra crispata Leonard 

Aphelandra crispata Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 31: 

151. 1953. 

Suffrutescent herbs, to 1.5 m high; stems glabrous below, the upper portions sparingly hirsute, 

the hairs spreading, about 1 mm long; leaf blades 

oblong-elliptic, 30-40 cm long and 14 cm wide, 

acuminate, narrowed from middle or slightly above 

middle to a very narrow, obliquely truncate or 

subcordate base 1 cm wide, the veins terminating 

in broad teeth 1-2 mm high and 2-2.5 cm apart, 

the upper surface sparingly strigillose, the hairs 

about 1.25 mm long, the lower surface sparingly 

strigillose, the hair brownish, 0.75-1.25 mm long, 

subappressed, those of the costa and veins (about 

20 pairs) spreading horizontally, the venation 

prominent, particularly below; petioles about 5 mm 

long, glabrous or sparingly hirsute; spikes solitary, 

terminal, 12-13 cm long and 5 cm broad, moderately dense, spreading with age, the peduncle abaut 

5 mm long, hirsute, subtended by a pair of lanceolate, acuminate, leaf-like bracts about 2.5 cm long 

and 8 mm wide, the rachis glabrous; bracts oblongovate, 3.5-4.5 cm long and 17.5 mm wide, slightly 

obtuse at apex and minutely apiculate, livid purple or red, coriaceous, glabrous, noticeably crisped or 

twisted, closely veined, the margins subhyaline; bractlets oblong, 14 mm long, 5.5 mm wide at middle, 
NUMBER 18 35 

acute, carinate and oblique at base, glabrous, the 

margins entire, subhyaline; calyx segments oblonglanceolate, the posterior segment 16 mm long and 

4 mm wide, the anterior pair 16 mm long and 3.5 

mm wide, the lateral pair 13 mm long and 3 mm 

wide, all acute, glabrous, their margins subhyaline; corolla (immature) canary-yellow, densely 

pubescent or subtomentose. the hairs 0.5 mm long, 

the upper lip shorter than the middle lobe of the 

lower lip, ovate, minutely %lobed tip, the lobes 

rounded, the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe 

cordate, obtuse, the lateral lobes lanceolate, slightly 

shorter than the middle one; ovary glabrous; capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-]. Cuatrecasas 11352 (holotype US), Colombia, Putumayo, in wet forest of Quebrada del 

Rio Afan, near Mocoa, 570-680 m alt, 27 Dec 1940. 

DIsTRIBUTIoN.-Known only from around typelocality. COLOMBIA. PUTUMAYO: Mocoa and vicinity, 1800-2400 m alt, 16 Mar 1953, Schultes (1. 

Cabrera 19093 (US). 

Aphelandra crispata can readily be distinguished 

by its oblong-elliptic leaves with their coarsely serrate margins, bright yellow corollas, and large coriaceous, crisped, livid purple bracts. 

29. Aphelandra peruviana Wasshausen 

FIGURES 26, 27 

Aphelandra peruviana Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:470. 1973. 

Shrub; stems quadrangular, pilose, the hairs 

about 1 cm long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 20-23 

cm long, 6.5-10.5 cm wide, acuminate, cuneate at 

base, glabrous and minutely faveolate above except the costa which is pubescent, the costa and 

lateral veins (14 or 15 pairs) strigillose, the lower 

surface otherwise glabrous or very sparingly pilosulous, the margins undulate-dentate, bordered by a 

pilose veinlike ridge, the teeth curved and tipped 

by a small spine about 0.5 mm long; petioles about 

1 cm long, pilose; spike terminal, solitary, 6-7 cm 

long, about 2 cm in diameter (excluding corollas), 

the bracts rather loosely imbricate and appressed, 

the rachis pilose; bracts lanceolate, subfalcate, 30 

mm long, 4 mm wide at base, gradually narrowed 

to a slender tip, ending in a small spine 0.5 mm 

long, carinate and striate-nerved, moderately pilose, 

especially toward the base, the margins repandcrenate, ciliate; bractlets lanceolate, subfalcate, 25 

mm long, 3.5 mm wide, acuminate, ending in a 

small spine, striate-nerved, pilosulous dorsally, the 

margins glabrous and subscarious except the tip; 

calyx segments unequal, striate-nerved, the nerves 

ending at base in a thickened callus, scariousmargined, glabrous below, pilosulous near the 

acuminate tip, the posterior segment narrowly 

lanceolate, 21 mm long, 4 mm wide at about 4 mm 

above base, the anterior pair linear, 19 mm long, 

2.5 mm wide, the lateral pair 15 mm long, 2 mm 

wide; corolla purple, glandular-pilose, 6-7 cm 

long, the tube 4 cm long, 4 mm wide at base, narrowed to 2 mm at 7 mm above base, thence gradually enlarged to 9 mm at mouth, the upper lip 

erect, obovate, 20 mm long, 11 mm wide, 2-lobed, 

the lobes 10 mm long, 6 mm wide, oblique, slightly 

acute, the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe obovate, 20 mm long, 10 mm wide, rounded, the lateral lobes narrowly elliptic, 15 mm long, 1.5-2 mm 

wide, slightly acute, partly adnate to the upper lip, 

the free portion about 10 mm long; stamens almost 

reaching the tip of upper lip; anthers 4 mm long, 

arcuate; ovary glabrous; style glabrous; capsule not 

seen. 

TYPE.-A. Weberbauer 6952 (holotype F, isotype GH ), Peru, Cusco, Paucartambo, Cosiiipata, 

700-800 m alt, May 1914. 

DISTRIBuTIoN.-Around Cusco, Peru, at elevations between 670-800 meters. PERU. cusco: Paucartambo: Pilcopata-Keros, 780 m alt, 6 Mar 1964, 

Vargas 15249 (US); Salvacion-CosnipataConipata, 670 m 

alt, 8 Oct 1965, Vargas 16636 (US). WITHOUT 

EXACX LOCALITY. 1839-1840, Gay s.n. (P). 

Aphelandra peruviana is closely related to A. 

limbatifolia but differs markedly in the leaf blades, 

pubescence, and bracts. In A. Zimbatifolia the 

stems are pubescent only when young, becoming 

glabrous with age, the leaf blades are undulate, 

the bracts ovate, 15 mm long, 6 mm wide, and 

puberulent, the bractlets are 20 mm long, 4 mm 

wide and also puberulent. and the calyx segments 

10-16 mm long. Contrasting to these characters, the 

stem of this new species is pilose, the leaf margins 

are dentate, the teeth ending in small spines, the 

bracts falcate, 30 mm long and 4 mm wide, pilose, 

the bractlets 25 mm long and 3.5 mm wide, and 

the calyx segments 15-21 mm long. The corollas 

of the two species appear to be nearly identical. 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

30. Aphelundra castanifolia Britton 

Aphelandra castanifolia Britton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 27:76. 

1900. 

Suffrutescent, to 1 m high; stems terete below, 

quadrangular above, pilose, the hairs closely appressed, 0.5-1 mm long, yellowish; leaf blades 

oblongobovate, 23-28 cm long and 8.5 cm wide, 

narrowed into the petiole, abruptly shortacuminate and acute at apex, both surfaces glabrous or sparingly pilosulous, those on the costa 

and lateral veins (about 16 pairs) appressed, the 

margins coarsely serrate with rounded sinuses, the 

veinlets coarsely reticulate, the spines 2-3 mm long; 

petioles 1-2 cm long, broad and stout; spikes 

single, solitary, terminal or sometimes on short 

axillary branches, dense, 10-12 cm long, 1 cm wide, 

the bracts rather loosely imbricate, the peduncles 

1-2 cm long, these and the rachis minutely pubescent; bracts lanceolate, 1-2.5 cm long, 3 mm wide 

at base thence acuminate to a slender spine-tipped 

point, entire, rigid, puberulent without, the hairs 

appressed; bractlets 15-17 mm long, one or two 

of the lower pairs larger and leaf-like, about 5 mm 

wide at base, gradually narrowed to an obtusemucronate tip, the costa prominent finely and 

rather densely pubescent dorsally, obscurely striate, 

the margins thin and coriaceous; calyx segments 

oblong-lanceolate, finely striate, minutely pubescent at tip, otherwise glabrous, the posterior 13 

mm long, 3.5 mm wide at base, the anterior pair 

13 mm long, 2.5 mm wide at base, the lateral pair 

11 mm long, 1.5 mm wide at middle, slightly narrower at base, all acuminate or acute and tipped 

by a weak spine; corolla 5.4 cm long, red, finely 

pubescent, the lips about 1.5 cm long, the upper 

lip 2-lobed, the lobes 6 mm long, slightly acute, 

the middle lobe of the lower lip about 15 mm long 

and 8 mm wide, obovate, the lateral lobes oblong, 

8 mm long and 2-3 mm wide, acutish; stamens 

equaling the upper lip; anthers 5 mm long: mature 

capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-H. H. Rusby 1098 (holotype NY, isotype 

US), Bolivia, Yungas, 1200 m alt, 1885. 

DIsTRIsUTION.-Bolivian Andes in the Department of La Paz. BOLIVIA. LA PAZ: Larecaja: Mapiri, 750 m alt, May 1886, Rusby 1112 (NY, US); 

Mapiri Region: San Carlos, 850 m, 12 Mar 1927, 

Buchtien 1363 (NY, US). 

Aphelandra castanifolia is readily distinguished 

by the nearly glabrous leaves and narrow scariousmargined bracts. Buchtien 1363 disagrees slightly 

with the type in having somewhat smaller bracts, 

bractlets and calyces, and a single terminal spike. 

31. Aphelundra viscosa Mildbraed 

Aphelandra viscosa Mildbraed. Notizbl. 11:66. 1930. 

Shrubby; branches terete, glabrous; leaf blades 

glabrous, membranaceous, the upper oblongobovate, acute or somewhat acuminate at apex, 

the base sessile, round or subcordate, somewhat 

amplectent, 10-15 cm long, 4-7 cm wide, the margins repand-dentate, the teeth 5-8 on each side, 

the excurrent nerves forming small slender spines, 

the lower leaves lyrate, the lobes two on each side, 

18 cm long or longer; inflorescence pyramidal, the 

spikes short, the lower ones axillary, borne on 

slender peduncles, to 8 cm long; bracts broadly 

elliptic to elliptic-obovate, acute at apex ending in 

a small spine, 18-22 mm long, 8-11 mm wide, 5-7 

nerved, densely glandular-pilose, spinose-toothed; 

bractlets about 15 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, longacute, thick-nerved; calyx segments equal in length, 

glandular-pilose toward the tip, the posterior segment bidentate at apex, 3 mm wide, the anterior 

segments 2.5 mm wide, the lateral segments slightly 

narrower; corolla red, the tube 22-28 mm long, 

contracted above base, the upper lip 13 mm long, 

2-lobed, the lobes rounded, 6 mm long, the lower 

lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe cuneate-obovate, 10-14 

mm long and wide, broadly rounded, the lateral 

lobes 4-7 mm wide; stamens about equalling the 

upper lip, one pair about 5 mm longer than the 

other; filaments 25 mm long, sparingly pilose; anthers 6 mm long, glabrous; ovary 4 mm long, 

glabrous; style glabrous, about 3.5 cm long; capsule 

not seen. 

TYPE,-A. Raimondi 7133 (holotype B, destroyed, F photo 8718), Peru, Cajamarca, Contumaza, Chorillos, 2000-2200 m alt, 8 Jun 1875. 

DIsmIBuTIoN.-Northern Andean Peru, at elevations between 2000-2900 m alt. PERU. CAJAMARCA: 

Contumaza: Around Guzmango, 2600-2700 m alt, 

6 Aug 1957, Sagastegui 0124 (US); between Tucac 

and Hacienda San Lorenzo, 2900 m alt, 18 Jun 

1962 Sagastegui 3762 (US). LA LIBERTAD: Otuzco; 
NUMBER 18 37 

El Carpish (Sinsicap), 2700 m alt, 9 Aug. 1953, 

Vargas 0100 (US). 

LOCAL NAMEs.-“Zarcil~ejo,” 

Aphelandra uiscosa is readily distinguished by 

its thin leaves and glandular bracts, bractlets, and 

calyx segments. This description was compiled 

from the original publication and type-photograph. 

32. Aphelandra lyrata Nees 

Aphelandra lyrata Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:302. 1847.- 

Aphelandra lyrata Nees var. latibractea Nees in de Candolle, 

Aphelandra lyrata Nees var. laxior Nees in de Candolle, 

ApheEandra lyrata Nees var. arguta Nees in de Candolle, 

Aphetandra cajatambensis, Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. 2, 

Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 31:150. 1953. 

Prodr. 11:302. 1847. 

Prodr. 11:303. 1847. 

Prodr. 11:303. 1847. 

5:368. 1905. 

Herb to 0.5 m high; stem erect, angled, often 

purple, sparingly pilose; leaf blades oblongobovate in outline, to 30 cm long and 9 cm wide, 

obtuse to acute, lyrate-pinnatifid, divided into 5 

or 6 lobes, those at and below middle largest, 

oblong, about 4 cm long and 2 cm wide, becoming 

smaller toward tip and base, the sinuses rounded 

or obtuse, becoming larger and broader toward 

base (lowest 2 cm broad) the margins angulatedentate, the teeth mucronate, unarmed, both surfaces laxly pilose; petioles about 1 cm long; flowers 

borne in a terminal, solitary, peduncled spike, to 

13 cm long, more or less lax, the peduncle to 9 cm 

long, both peduncle and rachis sparingly pilose; 

bracts lance-subulate to oblong, 10-12 mm long 

and about 4 mm wide, becoming smaller toward 

tip of spike, relatively thin, acute or acuminate, 

sparingly pilosulous, ciliate, the marginal hairs to 

1 mm long, the lowermost serrate-dentate (3 teeth 

to 1.5 mm long on each side) the upper bearing 1 

or 2 teeth or the uppermost entire; bractlets linearlanceolate, 10 mm long, 1 mm wide, sparingly 

puberulent, the margins pilose, entire, sometimes 

bearing one or two minute teeth: calyx segments 

lanceolate, ciliate, the posterior segment 10-1 1 mm 

long, about 4 mm wide, deeply cleft sometimes 

nearly to base, the teeth acuminate sometimes 2- 

toothed at tip, the other segments 9-10 mm long, 

2-3.5 mm wide; corolla 3.5-4 cm long, scarlet or 

orange-red, the lobes yellow, glandular-pubescent, 

the tube nearly straight, about 3 cm long, 4 mm 

wide at base, narrowed slightly about 7 mm above 

base thence enlarged to 9 mm and again slightly 

narrowed at throat, the upper lip 10-11 mm long, 

2-parted, the lobes rounded, the lower lip similar 

but slightly shorter; the longer pair of the Stamens 

slightly exceeding the corolla: the filaments glabrous, anthers 3-3.5 mm long; pollen grains oblong, 

61p X 26p. 

TypE.-McLean s.n. (holotype K), Peru, Lima, 

Canta, Canta. 

DISTRIBUTION.-In Peru, from Cajamarca southward to Lima, at altitudes of 2300-2960 m. PERU. 

CA JAMARCA: Contumaza: Chausivolan, Guzmango, 

2800 m alt, 1 Jun 1959, Sagastegui 2985 (HUT, US). 

AMAZONAS: Chachapoyas, Mathews sen. (K). LA LIBERTAD: Otuzco: Llacmom (Sinsicap), 2500 m alt, 

16 Mar 1954, Vurgas 0164 (CUZ, US). ANCASH: 

Cajatambo: Ocros, 2300-2400 m alt, Mar 1903, 

Weberbauer 2715 (F photo 8660, holotype of A. 

cajatambensis Lindau). LIMA: Lima, 1840, McL,ean 

s.n. (K); Cuesta de Puruchuco, Mathews 782 (K, 

holotype of A. Zyrata var. laxior Nees); Canta: Between Canta and Yangas, 2300-2400 m alt, 16 Mar 

1950, Ferreyra 6929 (US, USM); steep hillsides 

above Canta, 2960 m alt, 6 Mar 1960, Saunders 464 

(K, US); Obrajillo, 1838-1942, Wilkes Expedition 

(G, NY, US). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: Nunez 

4781 (US); “Colombia” probably Peru, Lobb s.n. 

(K, holotype of A. Zyrata var. arguta Nees). 

In his treatment of this species Nees cites the 

material examined under three varieties. His variety latibractea is based on a specimen collectea at 

Canta, Peru, by McLean. The leaves are broad and 

subsessile, the peduncle longer, and the bracts all 

oval, mucronate, and closely toothed. 

Variety Zaxior is based on a specimen collected 

at Cuesta de Puruchuco, Peru, by Mathews. The 

bracts in this form are described as oblong or 

oblongspatulate and at least the lowermost closely 

dentate. 

Variety arguta was collected in “Colombia,” 

probably Peru, by Lobb. Its bracts are oblong or 

linear-oblong, subspatulate, slightly obtuse, sparingly and obscurely toothed toward apex. 

The author has examined these varieties deposited in the Hooker Herbarium and concludes 

from the descriptions and the additional material 

available that A. Zyrata is just a variable species 

consisting of a number of races or forms. 
38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

33. Aphelandra cuscoensis Wasshausen 

Aphelandra cuscoensis Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:469. 1973. 

Suffrutescent shrub about 1 m high; stems glabrous below, the upper portions sparingly sericeous, the hairs spreading, about 2 mm long; leaf 

blades elliptic, 30 cm long and 9.5 cm wide, acuminate, narrowed from middle or slightly below 

middle to a long-attenuate base, serrate, the veins 

terminating in sharp spines, 3-4 mm long, the 

upper surface sparingly strigose, the hairs about 1.5 

mm long, the lower surface rather densely strigose, 

the hairs whitish, 1.5 mm long, subappressed, those 

of the costa and veins (about 18 pairs) spreading 

horizontally, the venation not very prominent but 

more so beneath than above; petioles about 5 mm 

long, strigose, the hairs spreading; spikes solitary, 

terminal, 12 cm long and 4 cm broad, moderately 

dense, the peduncle about 1.5 cm long, strigose, the 

rachis densely sericeous; bracts red, elliptic, about 

35 mm long and 15 mm wide, acute, subchartaceous, conspicuously sericeous without, the margins 

spinose-toothed, the teeth (about 10 pairs) produced by the continuation of the lateral veins, successively larger and more spinose toward apex, the 

spines ascending, 3-4 mm long; bractlets lanceolate, 3.2 cm long, 4 mm wide, aristate, carinate, 

the keel puberulous and sericeous, subhyaline, 

striate-nerved; calyx segments oblong-lanceolate, 

the posterior segment 2.8 cm long and 3.5 mm wide, 

the anterior pair 2.6 cm long and 3 mm wide, the 

lateral pair 2 cm long and 2 mm wide, all longacuminate at apex, glabrous, striate-nerved, subhyaline, the margins ciliolate; corolla (immature) 

about 3.5 cm long, red, densely sericeous at tip, 

the hairs yellowish. 

TYPE.-C. Vargas 15415 (holotype US), Peru, 

Cusco, Quispicanchi, 520 m alt, 14 May 1964. 

DIsTRIBIJTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality. 

Aphelandra cuscoensis may be allied to A. rubra 

Wasshausen, which differs in its smaller (20 mm 

long), ovate, and acuminate bracts. 

34. Aphelandra macrosiphon Lindau 

Aphelandra macrosiphon Lindau. Bull. Herb, Boiss. 3:367. 

1895. 

Shrub 2-3 m high; branches terete, velvetypubescent, the hairs appressed; leaf blades oblong, 

20-27 cm long, 5-9 cm wide, probably larger near 

base, gradually acuminate at apex, narrowed at 

base, pubescent, the margins coarsely serrate, the 

teeth spine-tipped; petioles 0.5-2 cm long; spikes 

terminal, racemose, pedunculate, the peduncles to 

8 cm long, appressed-pubescent; bracts lanceolate, 

to 20 cm long, 4 mm wide, acuminate and spinetipped at apex, green, pubescent, the margins armed 

with 4-7 pairs of acute teeth; bractlets lanceolate, 

20 mm long, 4 mm wide, long-acuminate at apex, 

concave, glabrous or sparingly puberulent at tip; 

calyx segments lanceolate, long-acuminate, slightly 

unequal, glabrous, the posterior 16.5 mm long and 4 

mm wide, the anterior pair 16 mm long and 3 mm 

wide, the lateral pair 14 mm long and 2.5 mm wide; 

corolla red, the tube 47 mm long, gradually and 

obliquely enlarged from 2 mm at base to 7 mm at 

mouth, puberulent without, glabrous within, the 

upper lip 12 mm long, 3 mm wide at base, scarcely 

bifid, the lobes of the lower lip equal, 18 mm long, 

6 mm wide; filaments 46 mm long; anthers 6 mm 

long; pollen grains typical, 57p-65~ long, 38p-42~ 

wide; style 62 mm long; mature capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-O. Kuntze s.n. (holotype B, destroyed, 

F photo 8673, isotype NY), Bolivia, on the Rio 

Yuntas, 1000-2000 m alt, 13-21 Apr 1892. 

DISTRIBUTION.-Peru and Bolivia at elevations 

above 1000 meters. PERU. CC'ZCO: Rio Marcapata, 

1000 m alt, 21 May 1954, Rauh-Hirsch P-1304 (F). 

BOLIVIA. Lobb s.n. (W); Pearce 733 (K). 

According to Lindau, Aphelandra macrosiphon 

is closely related to A. runcinata; it differs, however, from it and other closely related species by 

its bracts which have spiny-toothed margins. 

35. Aphelandra inaequalis Lindau 

FIGURE 21 

Aphelandria inaequalis Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser., 3:368. 

1895. 

Shrubby, 0.5-2 m high; the branches glabrous 

or rarely pilose; leaf blades oblong, 9-23 cm long, 

3-7 cm wide, long-acuminate and mucronate at 

apex, gradually narrowed from above middle to 

base, both surfaces sparingly pilose, the margins 

sinuate-serrate, the teeth spine-tipped; petioles 1.5- 

3 cm long, sparingly pilose; spikes dense, fleshy, 

terminal, to 10 cm long, pedunculate, the peduncle 

to 5.5 cm long, both rachis and peduncle glabrous; 
NUMBER 18 39 

bracts ovate, 0.8-1.5 cm long, 0.7 cm wide, longacuminate, green, even, glabrate, the uppermost tip 

2 mm wide, the margins dentate-ciliate; bractlets 

lanceolate, 11 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, concave, 

glabrous; calyx glabrous, the posterior segment 

9 mm long, 3 mm wide, the anterior pair 9 mm 

long and 2 mm wide, the lateral pair 6.5 mm long 

and 1 mm wide; corolla yellow, the tube 40 mm 

long, 3 mm wide at base, gradually narrowed to 5 

mm at mouth, puberulent without, pubescent at 

base within, the upper lip 22 mm long, 8 mm wide 

at base, 2-lobed, the lobes 10 mm long and 4 mm 

wide, acute, the lower lip 24 mm long, 7 mm wide 

at base, the middle lobe 14 mm long and 5 mm 

wide, obtuse, the lateral lobes 12 mm long and 2 

mm wide; filaments 45 mm long; anthers 6 mm 

long; pollen grains 70p X 34p-38p; ovary 3 mm 

long; style 40 mm long or more; mature capsule 

not seen. 

TYPE.-O. Kuntze s.n. (holotype B, destroyed, 

isotype NY, F photo 8665), Bolivia, Cochabamba, 

between Tiraqui and Santa Rosa, 2000 m alt, Apr 

1892. 

DIsTRIBUTION.-Known only from around the 

type-locality. BOLIVIA. COCHABAMBA: Chapare, on 

new road to Todos Santos, about 130 km NE of 

Cochabamba, 800 m alt, 10 Mar 1939, Eyerdam 

24827 (UC). 

According to Lindau, the short thick spikes and 

the very unequal calyx segments are the distinguishing characters of Aphelandrn innequalis. 

36. Aphelandra hieronymi Grisebach 

Aphelandra hieronymi Grisebach, Abh. Ges. Wiss. Goettingen 

24:260. 1879. 

Shrubby plants to 1.5 m high; stems 2-4 mm in 

diameter, green or the older portion brown, pilose 

to glabrate, the hairs 1.5 mm long, upwardly appressed to spreading, the lenticels conspicuous, 

whitish, about 0.5 mm wide and 2-3 mm long; leaf 

blades oblonglanceolate, 5-13 cm long, 1.4-3 cm 

wide, acuminate, gradually narrowed from above 

the middle to base, rather thin, serrate, the teeth 

and tips ending in slender spines 1-1.5 mm long, 

the upper surface sparingly pilose, the hairs 0.5 

mm long, the lower surface more densely so, the 

hairs confined chiefly to the costa and veins, these 

together with the veinlets conspicuous; petioles 5 

mm long, pilose; spikes terminal and lateral, including the flowers, 2-4 cm long, sessile or pedunculate, more or less interrupted, the peduncles 

up to 3 cm long, appressed-pubescent; bracts sim 

ilar to the leaf blades but much smaller, triangularovate, 15-20 mm long, 2-3 mm wide at base, 

spine-tipped and bearing 2-3 pairs of spines on 

the margin, sparingly pilose, the hairs appressed; 

bractlets oblong, 8 mm long, 2 mm wide near base, 

acuminate at tip and terminated by a slender spine 

about 1 mm long, subcoriaceous, obscurely nerved, 

dorsally pubescent, the margins subhyaline; calyx 

segments unequal, the two outermost broadly 

lanceolate, 7 mm long, 3 mm wide, the 3 inner ones 

lanceolate, 6 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, all acute, 

subcoriaceous, glabrous, striate, the margins subhyaline; corolla red, finely pubescent, 2.5-4.5 cm 

long, 2 mm broad at base, slightly narrowed above 

the ovary, thence gradually enlarged to 7 mm, the 

erect upper lip oblong, 13 mm long, 6 mm wide, 

bilobed at apex, the lobes 5 mm long and 2.5 mm 

wide, obtuse or rounded, the lower lip spreading, 

about 10 mm long, the middle lobe broadly oblanceolate, 5 mm wide, rounded, the lateral ones 

linear-lanceolate. 7 mm long, 1.5 mm wide near 

tip, acute; stamens slightly exserted beyond the 

upper lip; filaments glabrous toward tips, the inner 

surface of the basal portions densely and retrorsely 

pubescent; anthers 5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, linear, 

straight or slightly curved, dorsally pilose, the hairs 

about 1 mm long causing the anthers to cohere; 

ovary glabrous; style slender, slightly longer than 

the stamens, glabrous; capsule oblong-lanceolate, 

shining, 1.8-2.2 cm long, 2-celled nearly to base, 

4-seeded. 

TYPE.-Lorentz & Hieronymzcs 270 (syntype 

CORD), Argentina, Salta, San Andres cerca de 

Oran, 17-24 Sep 1873; Lorentz d~ Hieronymus 918 

(syntypes B, destroyed, CORD, S, F photo 8663), 

Bolivia, Prov. de Las Salinas, Cuesta Colorado entre 

San Luis y Amareta, 14 Jun 1873. 

DISTRIBIJTIoN.-This species is, evidently, extremely limited in its distribution, occurring in 

northern Argentina, chiefly in the vicinity of the 

Provinces of Jujuy and Salta and in adjacent regions of southern Bolivia. ARGENTINA. LEDESMA: 

Jujuy: Calilegua, Cerro de San Francisco, 1600 m 

alt, 17 Jun 1911, Lillo 10791 (LIL, US, W). BoLIVIA. Rosal, 1800 m alt, 3 Oct 1949, Brooke 5743 

(F); San Luis, 2100 m alt, Apr 1864, Pearce s.n. 

(K). 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

37. Aphelandra longibracteata Lindau 

Aphelandra longiblacteata Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser., 

3:367. 1895. 

Shrubby, to 2 m high; the young branches pubescent; leaf blades oblong, 15-24 cm long, 5-9 cm 

wide, acuminate and mucronulate at apex, gradually narrowed from middle to base, both surfaces 

pubescent with white hairs, the margins sinuateserrate, the teeth tipped with small spines; petioles 

1-2 cm long; spikes short, terminal and in the axils 

of the upper leaves, long-pedunculate, with the 

peduncles to 14 cm long, appressed-pubescent; 

bracts ovate, to 20 mm long, 5 mm wide, acuminate, the upper becoming gradually smaller, green, 

the margins spinose-dentate, the teeth about 2 mm 

long, sericeous without, the hair appressed; bractlets lanceolate, 22 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, long 

acuminate at apex, glabrous or sparingly puberulous without; calyx segments lanceolate, longacuminate, the posterior 16 mm long and 4 mm 

wide, glabrous, the anterior pair 15 mm long and 

2.5 mm wide, the lateral pair 14 mm long and 2 

mm wide; corolla red, the tube 43 mm long, 4 mm 

in diameter at base, 5 mm at mouth, puberulent 

without, pubescent at base within, the upper lip 

14 mm long, 8 mm wide at base, 2-lobed, the lobes 

9 mm long and 4 mm wide, acute, the lower lip 

15 mm long, 5 mm wide at base, the lobes obtuse, 

the middle 12 mm long and 7 mm wide, the lateral 5 mm long and 1.5 mm wide; filaments 44 mm 

long; anthers 6 mm long; pollen grains typical, 

731.1-78p long and 38p wide; ovary 2.5 mm long; 

style 50 mm long; mature capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-O. Kuntze s.n. (holotype B, destroyed, F 

photo 8670, isotype NY), Bolivia, Cochabamba, 

between Tiraqui and Santa Rosa, 2000 m alt, 

Apr 1892. 

DIsmIBUTION.-Known only from the typelocality. 

Lindau compares this species with A. hieronymi 

described from Argentina. In that species, however, 

the leaves are glabrous and the flowers and bracts 

much shorter. 

38. Aphelandra lamprantha Leonard 

Aphelandra lamprantha Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 

31:176. 1958. 

Herbs to 50 cm high; stems mostly simple, ascending, subquadrangular, hirtellous, the hairs 

upwardly curved, the internodes to 2 cm long; 

leaves numerous, erect or ascending] the blades 

narrowly lanceolate, to 12 cm long and 21 cm 

wide, the tip blunt, narrowed and decurrent on the 

petiole, submembranaceous, undulate, both surfaces sparingly hirtellous, the costa and lateral veins 

of the lower surface densely so, the venation moderately prominent; petioles slender, to 3 cm long, 

hirtellous; spikes solitary, terminal, subsessile, about 

6 cm long and 1.5 cm broad, the rachis sparingly 

pubescent; bracts imbricate, ascending, lanceolate, 

23 mm long, 6 mm wide above the middle, the 

pubescence of the outer surface a mixture of 

minute spreading hairs and larger ascending ones, 

the inner surface merely puberulous and glabrous 

toward base, the venation of both surfaces prominent, the veinlets coarsely reticulate towards margins, ending in slender spinose teeth (usually 8 

pairs), to 3 mm long, sparingly puberulous, ocelli 

minutely elliptic, about 125p long, aggregated in a 

veinless depressed area about 0.75 mm in diameter, 

irregularly margined and located near the base of 

the third tooth from the tip on either side of the 

bract: bractlets lanceolate, 9 mm long and 1.5 mm 

wide near base, acuminate, subhyaline, finely 

striate, the dorsal region sparingly hirtellous, the 

costa ending at base in a swollen callus; calyx segments lanceolate, subhyaline, finely striate but 

thickened and smooth at base, hirtellous and ciliate 

at tip, the posterior segment 11 mm long, 2.25 

mm wide at 3 mm above the base, obtuse, ending 

in a mucro 1.5 mm long, the anterior segments 13 

mm long and 1.5 mm wide near base, acuminate, 

the lateral ones 12 mm long, 1.25 mm wide near 

base, acuminate; corolla 5 cm long, a vivid scarlet, 

sparingly pilosulous toward tip, the tube slightly 

curved, 2 mm broad at base, 1.5 mm broad at 5 

mm above base, 6 mm broad at mouth, the upper 

lip ovate, about 17 mm long and 12 mm wide, 

acute, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes oblanceolate, the middle lobe 12 mm long, 5.5 mm wide, 

subacute, the lateral lobes similar but slightly 

smaller; stamens slightly exserted beyond mouth 

of corolla tube; anthers lying in the concavity of 

the upper lip; ovary glabrous; mature capsule not 

seen. 

TYPE.-E. F. Andree1055 (holotype K, US photo 

3615, isotype K), Colombia, Boyaca, “Llanos” in 

the vicinity of Salitre, 408 m alt, 10 Jan 1876. 
NUMBER 18 41 

DISTRIBUTION.-At elevations between 400-500 

meters in the departments of Boyad and Meta, 

Colombia. COLOMBIA. META: Sabanas de San 

Juan de Arama, 500 m alt, 22 Jan 1951, Zdrobo (17. 

Schultes 1270 (US); Sierra de la Macarena, forest 

of Plaza Bonita, 400 m alt, 14 Nov 1949, Philipson, 

Zdrobo it.. Fernandez 1419 (BM, COI). 

39. Aphelandra dukei Wasshausen 

Aphelandra dukei Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:475. 1973. 

Suffrutescent shrub about 1 m high; stems erect, 

glabrous to subtomentose, the hairs sordid, variously curved, the internodes 1-5 cm long, the lenticels 

oval to linear, 1 mm long or less; leaf blades narrowly lanceolate, 12-15 cm long and 1-2 cm wide, 

acuminate (the tip obtuse), gradually narrowed 

and decurrent on the petiole, entire, firm, the 

upper surface dark green, glabrous or inconspicuously strigose, the costa impressed, this and the 

lateral veins (11-13 pairs) often strigose, the lower 

surface light green, glabrous or sparingly strigose, 

the hairs sordid; petioles (unwinged portion) 0.5- 

1.5 cm long, the pubescence that of the stem; flowers 

borne in one or several, terminal, subsessile spikes, 

these 9-14 cm long and 1-3 cm wide; bracts imbricate, green, elliptic, 15 mm long and 6 mm wide 

just above the middle, acuminate, sparingly sericeous both within and without, especially near the 

base, striate-nerved, bearing above the middle 

about 3 pairs of slender marginal teeth, these 0.5- 

2 mm long, spine-tipped and bearing near the 

middle of the dorsal surface, 2-7 small submarginal 

glands about 0.5 mm in diameter; bractlets lanceolate, 10 mm long, 1-1.25 mm wide, striate-nerved 

carinate, dorsally pilosulous; calyx segments subequal, ovate to lanceolate, 9-10 mm long, the posterior segment 2 mm wide, the lateral pair 1.25 mm 

wide, the anterior pair 1 mm wide, all finely 

striate-nerved, subhyaline, glabrous; corolla red, 

about 4 cm long, sparingly puberulent, minutely 

papillose, the tube subcylindric, 2 mm broad at 

base, constricted to 1.5 mm at 5 mm above base, 

about 4.5 mm broad at mouth, the lips oblongovate, 4.5-5 mm wide, subequal, the upper one 

erect, 10 mm long, 2-lobed, the lobes narrowly 

triangular, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide at base, acuminate, outwardly curved, the lower lip spreading, 

entire, acuminate, the tip recurved, or if 3-lobed, 

the lateral lobes vestigial, appearing as mere 

notches near the base of the upper lip; stamens 

exserted; capsule green, ovate, 12 mm long, 6 mm 

broad, acute, glabrous, minutely and inconspicuously punctate; mature seeds not seen. 

TYPE.-J. A. Duke 14397 (holotype US, istoype 

MO), Panama, Panama, Rio Bayano, 1-4 m above 

Piria, 100 m alt, 23 Sep 1967. 

DrsmIBuTIoN.-Known only from around the 

type-locality in Panama, PANAMA. PANAAA: Along 

Pan-Am Highway, Rio Canita near Janine, 24 Sep 

1961, Duke 3840 (US); tributary of Rio Chagres, 

5 m SW of Cerro Brewster, 300 m alt, 14 Dec 1967, 

Lewis, Blackwell, Hawker, Little, Nowicke, iL- Oliver 

3426 (MO). 

Aphelandra dukei is perhaps nearest in relationship to A. deppeana, but differs markedly in its 

narrower, lanceolate leaf blades. 

40. Aphelandra impressa Lindau 

Aphelandra impressa Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser., 5:657. 

1897.-Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 175. 1953. 

Stems terete, the lower portions glabrous, the 

upper parts sparingly strigillose; leaf blades oblongelliptic, 9-28 cm long (including the winged petiole), 2.5-6 cm wide, acuminate and more or less 

falcate, the tip blunt, gradually narrowed from 

about the middle into a winged petiole, the margins entire or shallowly crenate, both surfaces 

sparingly strigillose, the pubescence more numerous on the costa and veins (10-13 pairs), these 

rather prominent; petioles (unwinged portion) 

5-15 mm long, often densely strigillose; spikes 

solitary or in 3’s, terminal, 8-14 cm long and 2 cm 

broad (excluding corollas and tips of bracts), the 

rachis densely brown puberulous; bracts closely 

imbricate, subrhombic, acuminate, the tips spreading or recurved, both surfaces brown-puberulous, 

the teeth 8-10 on each side, these slender, ending 

in spines, 1.5-4.5 mm long, the glandular area on 

either side of the midrib deeply impressed dorsally, 

the pit about 1.5 mm long and 1 .nm broad; bractlets subulate, 8 mm long and 11 mm wide near the 

base, curved, carinate, puberulent dorsally; calyx 

puberulous toward tip, 10 mm long, the segments 

lanceolate, the posterior segment acuminate, 2.5 mm 

wide, the others ending in a spinelike tip, 1.5 mm 

wide near base; corolla purple or red, puberulent, 
42 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

5.5-6 cm long, the tube 2.5 mm broad at base, 5-7 

mm broad at mouth, the upper lip ovate, about 

13 mm long, 9 mm wide, acuminate, entire, the 

lower lip 3-lobed nearly to base, the lobes oblongelliptic, acuminate, the middle lobe 15 mm long 

and 4.5 mm wide, the lateral lobes 12 mm long 

and 3.5 mm wide; stamens exserted beyond the 

mouth of the corolla tube but not exceeding the 

upper lip; filaments 3.34 cm long, pubescent 

toward base; anthers 5.5 mm long and 0.5 mm 

broad; pollen grains typical, 401.1-45p long, 27p 

wide; style 4-5 mm long; ovary glabrous; capsule 

not seen. 

TypE.-Funck Q Schlim 1244 (holotype B, destroyed, isotype BR, G, P), Venezuela, Merida, 

San Cristobal, 950 m alt. 

DISTRIBUTION.-Between the altitudes of 250 and 

1240 meters in Venezuela and northern Colombia. 

VENEZUELA. MERIDAA: Timotes, Ju1 1948, Vogel 

1499 (M). BARINAS: Ticoporo forest reserve, 370 

m alt, 22 Jan 1964, Breteler 3528 (US, VEN); Feb 

1969, Aristeguieta Q Zabala 6958 (VEN); between 

Barinas and Pedraza, Apr 1959, Aristeguieta 3863 

(US, VEN). APURE: Reserva Forestal San Camilo, 

250 m alt, 28 Mar 1968, Steyermark, Bunting Q 

Blanco 101437 (US). COLOMBIA. Anchuelita, 

along the Rio Curbatico, 300-400 m alt, 10 Dec 

1954, Bernardi 1713 (K); Pedraza LaVieja, 300 m 

alt, 16 Feb 1957, Bernardii 1111 (VEN). NORTE DE 

SANTANDER: Region del Sarare, valley of the Rio 

RlIargua between Junin and Cordoba, 920-1240 m 

alt, 22 Nov 1941, Cuatrecasas 13374 (US). META: 

Between Villavicencio and BogotP, 1898-99, 

Sprague s.n. (K). 

41. Aphelandra deppeana 

Schlechtendal & Chamisso 

Aphelandra deppeana Schlechtendal & Chamisso, Linnaea 5: 

96. 1830. 

Aphelandra pulcherrima sensu Humboldt, Bonpland, & 

Kunth, Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2:236. 1817 [pro parte, non Aphelandra pulcherrima (Jacquin) Humboldt, Bonpland & 

Ku n t h] . Aphelandra pectinata Willdenow ex Nees in de Candolle, 

Prodr. 11:297. 1847. 

Aphelandra pectinata Willdenow ex Nees var. maera Nees 

in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:298. 1847. 

Aphelandra haenkeana Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:298. 

1847. 

Aphelandra fulgens Decaisne, Rev. Hort. Ser. 3. 1:21. 1847. 

Shrubs to 4 m high; stems stout, pubescent to 

subtomentose, the hairs sordid, variously curved, 

the internodes 5-7 cm long; leaf blades ovateelliptic to lanceolate, 5-20 cm long, 3-10 cm wide, 

acuminate, gradually to rather abruptly narrowed 

and decurrent on the petiole at base, entire, undulate, the upper surface more or less scabridulous, 

subnitid, glabrous to sparingly puberulous or 

pilose, the hairs to 0.5 mm long, the costa impressed, this and the lateral veins (12-16 pairs) 

often strigose, the lower surface sparingly to densely pubescent or tomentose, the hairs sordid; petiole 

(the unwinged portion) 1 cm long or less, the 

pubescence that of the stems; flowers in spikes to 

20 cm long and about 1 cm broad, these terminal 

or both terminal and lateral, then forming a narrow terminal spicate thyrse; bracts ovate-elliptic, 

8-15 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, acuminate, sparingly 

pilosulous without, glabrous within, rather strongly 

5-nerved, bearing above the middle 1-several slender marginal teeth to 1.5 mm long and, near the 

middle of the dorsal surface, 2 small submarginal 

glands about 0.5 mm in diameter; bractlets lanceolate, 6-7 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, acuminate, dorsally pilosulous, the margins subhyaline; calyx 

lobes subequal, ovate to lanceolate, the posterior 

one about 3 mm wide, the lateral pair 1.5 mm 

wide, the anterior pair barely 2 mm wide, all 

finely striate-nerved, subhyaline, sparingly pilosulous dorsally; corolla pale to bright red, orange, or 

crimson, pubescent distally, glabrous proximally, 

about 4 cm long, the tube subcylindric, about 3 mm 

broad at base, constricted to 2 mm at 5 mm above 

base, about 5 mm broad at throat, the lips oblongovate, 4.5-5 mm wide, subequal, the upper one 

erect, 2-lobed, narrowly triangular, the lobes 3.5 

mm long, 1.5 mm wide at the base, acuminate, 

outwardly curved, the lower lip spreading, entire, 

acuminate, the tip curved, or if 3-lobed, the lateral lobes vestigial, appearing as mere notches near 

the base of the upper lip; stamens exserted; capsule oblong, 15-20 mm long, about 8 mm broad 

and 3 mm thick, obtuse, glabrous, inconspicuously 

puncticulate; seed dull brown, orbicular, 4 mm in 

diameter, 2 mm thick, minutely roughened. 

TYPE.--Schiede L* Deppe s.n. (holotype B, destroyed, F photo 8704) Mexico, Hacienda de la 

Laguna. 

DrsmIsuTIoN.-Southern Mexico to northern 

South America. MEXICO. VERACRUZ: CordillerA de 
NUMBER 18 43 

Vera Cruz, Jun-Oct 1840, Galeotti 909 (K, P, US. 

W, syntype of A. haenkeana Nees); Mirador, 900- 

1140 m alt, Hohenacker s.n. (W); Mirador, Dec 

1838, Linden 189 (K, syntype of A. haenkeana 

Nees ) ; Consoqui tla, near Mirador, Oct-Nov 186 1, 

Liebmann s.n. (K, P); 1867, Gouin s.n. (P); Zacuapan, Nov 1861, Liebmann s.n. (K); Zacuapan and 

vicinity, Sep 1906; Purpus 1938 (US); Oct 1926, 

Purpus 10878 (US); region of San Andres Tuxtla, 

31 Aug 1953, Dressler Cir Jones 230 (US). GUERRERO: 

Near Acapulco, Haenke s.n. (PR, syntype of A. 

haenkeana Nees); 23 Nov 1882, Hancock 47 (K); 

Acapulco, 1840, Voyage Venus s.n. (P); Acapulco 

and vicinity, Oct 1894-Mar 1895, Palmer 174 (US); 

road between Copala & Juchitango, 60-180 m alt, 

9 Feb 1895, Nelson 2297 (US); La Botella, 400 m 

alt, 28 Nov 1898, Langlasse 679 (K, US); Montes 

de Oca, Vallecitos, 520 m alt, 25 Nov 1936, Hinton 

9903 (K, US, W); 10 Ju1 1937, Hinton 11477 (K, 

US, W); Galeana, Atoyac, 220 m alt, 14 Nov 1937, 

Hinton 10919 (K, US); Carrizo-El Rio, 700 m alt, 

20 Oct 1939, Hinton 14691 (US, W); La Roquetaisland off Acapulco, 8 Feb 1941, Langman 3309 

(US); near kms 337-8 beyond Acahuizotla on 

highway to Acapulco, 900 m alt, 30 Sep 1949, 

Moore 5108 (US); vicinity of Acahuizotla between 

Chilpancingo and Acapulco, 17 Oct 1959, Moore 

8124 (US); Highway 95, 5-6 m E of Acapulco, 20 

Jan 1955, Carlson 3066 (US). OAXACA: Mirador, 

1842, Ghiesbreght 57 (P, isotype of A. fzilgens Decaisne) between Tehuantepec and Gulf of Mexico, 

Sep 1834, Andrieux I31 (K, P, W, syntype of A. 

haenkeana Nees); Cafetal Concordia (Cerro Espino), 600 m alt, 30 Nov 1917, Reko 3626 (US); 

Juchitan, Santo Domingo, 240 m alt, 23 Oct 1919, 

Conzatti 3735 (US); Cerro Concordia, 650-800 m 

alt, 8-14 Apr 1923, Morton Q Makrinius 2676 (US); 

Tuxtepec, Chiltepec and vicinity, 20 m alt, Ju1 

1940-Feb 1941, Martinez 205, 254 (US); El Cerro 

de Cosolapa, Cosolapa, 22 Oct 1943, Santos 2617 

(US); Comaltepec, Liebmann s.n. (K). TABASCO: 

Between San Juan Bautiste and Atasta, 23 Oct 

1887, Rovirosa I1 (US). CHIAPAS: Between Teneapa and Yajalon, 900-1500 m alt, 13 Oct 1895, 

Nelson 3245 (US); San Pedro, 3 Apr 1930, Me11 

561 (US); Escuintla, 4 Nov 1936, Matuda 151 (US); 

Tenejapa, along Ala Shashib River above Habenal, 

1200 m alt, 14 Ju1 1964, Breedloue 6463 (US); 

Tenejapa, 1110 m alt, 25 Nov 1964, Breedlove 7609 

(US); Tuxtla Gutierrez, 840 m alt, Breedlove 6 

Raven 13351 (US); 750 m alt, 27 Oct 1965, Breedlove 13879 (US); Tenejapa, 1080 m alt, 28 Oct 

1966. Ton 1395 (US); Venustiano Carranza, 1050 

m alt, 12 Sep 1966, Laughlin 2024 (US); 1864-1870, 

Ghiesbreght 700 (K). CAMPECHE: On CampecheMerida road, beyond Hopalchen, 3 Oct 1959, Moore 

8078 (US), YUCATAN: Chiceh, Mar 1917, Gaumer 

23798 (US); Chichankanab, Gaumer 1488, 1569 

(US); Apr 1917, Gaumer 23650 (US); Izamal, OctMar 1895, Gaumer 300 (US, W); S Kancabconot, 

Mar 1917, Gaumer 23587 (US); Progreso, 11-15 

Aug 1932, Steere 3012 (US); Tepakaam, 15 Jan 

1895, Millspaugh 91 (US); Coba, 24 Jan 1938, 

Crocket I50 (US); Maskal, 20 Ju1 1934, GentZe 

1304 (P); Uxmal, 29 Sep 1959, Degener 26785 

(NY, US); Chichen Itza, near Cenote Sagrada, 2 

Dec 1966, Rudd 2033 (US), QUINTANA ROO: 35 Km 

S of Dzuiche, 30 m alt, 21 Aug 1965, Roe, Roe Pir 

Mori 1349 (US, WIS). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: 

Sesse' il- Mocinoo s.n. (FI), 279, 280, 290 (MA, US 

photos 4501, 4565, 4559); 13 Nov 1907, Kerber s.n. 

(P, US). GUATEMALA. EL PETEN: La Libertad, 24 

Apr 1933, LundeZl3004 (US); El Paso, 3 Apr 1932, 

LundelZ 1447 (US); Cerro Ceibal, on left side of 

Rio Cancuen, 75-150 m alt, 30 Apr 1942, Steyermark 46080 (US); San Clemente to Dos Arroyos, 

1 May 1931, Bartlett 12827 (US); Ceibal, 150 m 

alt, 18 Nov 1965, Molina 15861 (US); Parque Nacional de Tikan, 28 Aug 1970, Ortk I248 (US). 

HUEHUETENANGO: Along RIo Trapichillo below La 

Libertad, 1200-1300 m alt, 21 Aug 1942, Steyermark 51194 (US). ALTA VERAPAZ: Sacolol, 900 m 

alt, Oct 1855, von Tuerckheim 825 (P, US); Secanquim, trail to Cahaban, 12 Aug 1904, GolZ 139 

(US); Finca Mocca, 450 m alt, 4 Dec 1919, Johnson 

85 (US); near Pancajche, 900 m alt, 10 Apr 1941, 

Standley 91831 (US); between Chirriacta and Semococh, 500-900 m alt, 10 May 1942, Steyermark 

46351 (US); between Sachaj and Sacacac, 150-180 

m alt, 20 Mar 1942, Steyermark 45175 (US); Cacao, 

Finca Trece Aguas, 270-330 m, 30 Sep 1905, Goll 3 

(US); 20 Apr 1906, Lewton 360 (US). VERAPAZCHIQUIMULA: 1885, Watson 127 (US). IZARAL: Los 

Amates, 15 Feb 1908, Kellerman 7479 (US); vicinity 

of Quirigua, 75-225 m alt, 15-31 May 1922, Standley 23910, 23914 (US). QUEZALTENANGO: Colomba, 

570 m alt, 4 Oct 1934. Skutrh 1370 (us). ZACAPA: 

Between Zacapa and Chiquimula, 500-660 m ah, 

9 Oct 1940, Standley 73849 (US); base of Sierra 

de las Minas, 300 m alt. 11 Oct 1940, Standley 
44 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

74061 (US); along Rio Teculuah, above Teculutan, 250-275 m alt, 7 Jan 1942, Steyermark 42150 

(US). CHIQUIMULA: 3 m SE of Quezaltepeque, 

1200-1500 m alt, 6 Nov 1939, Steyermark 31291 

(US); between Esquipulas and Ataluapa, 800 m alt, 

11 Dec 1969, Molina 25346 (US). JALAPA: Between Jalapa and San Pedro Pinula, 1400-1800 m 

alt, 12 Nov 1940, Standley 77087 (US). GUATEMALA: Guatemala, San Antonio Mt. 1465 m alt, 

11 Jan 1906, Kellerman 5911 (US); Sanarate, 810 

m alt, 28 Dec 1906, Kellerman 6653 (US). SOLOLAA: 

Patalul, 411 m alt, Aug 1891, Shannon 154 (US). 

RETALHULEU: Retalhuleu, 237 m ak, 10 Jan 1907, 

Kellerman 6584 (US); between Nueva Linda and 

Champerico, 120 m alt, 18 Feb 1941, Standley 

87523, 87650 (US). SUCHITEPEQUEZ: near Patulul, 

330-600 m, 5 Jan 1939, Standley 62184 (US). 

ESCUINTLA: Santa Lucia, 318 m alt, 3 Mar 1905, 

Kellerman 4564, 5270 (US); Escuintla, 330 m alt, 

1890, John Donnell Smith 1976 (US); near Las 

Lajas, 1200 m alt, 28 Nov 1938, Standley 58152 

(US); near San Jose, sea level, 30-31 Jan 1939, 

Standley 64076 (US); San Antonio Jute, 780 m 

alt, 9 Feb 1939, Standley 64897, 64901 (US); SE of 

Escuintla, along Rio Michatoya, 12 Mar 1941, 

Standley 89138 (US). SANTA ROSA: Jumaytepeque, 

1800 m alt, Nov 1892, Heyde et Lux 4379 (US); 

about Guazacapan, 220 m alt, 29 Nov-3 Dec 1940, 

Standley 78702 (US); SE of Chiquimulilla, 150 m 

ah, 30 Nov 1940, Standley 78737 (us). JUTlAPj.: 

Vicinity of Jutiapa, 850 m alt, 24 Oct-5 Nov 1940, 

Standley 75121 (US). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: 

1841, Friedrichstahl 688 (W); 1892, Heyde 414 

(US). BRITISH HONDURAS. NORTHERN DISTRICT: 

Corozal-Santa Helena road, Aug 1933, Gentle 

4865 (US); San Antonio, Sep 1933, Gentle 4969 

(US); 1931-1932, Gentle 202 (US); Maskall, 9 

Apr 1934, Gentle 1185 (US), BELIZE: Mt. Polo 

group, 2 Feb 1931, Bmtlett 11349 (Us). STANN 

CREEK: 24 Feb 1929, Schipp 37 (K, US). EL CAYO: 

Augustine, Mountain Pine Ridge, 28 Aug 1959, 

Hunt 42 (US); El Cay0 and vicinity, Mar-Jun 

1933, Chanek 38 (US); N of El Cayo, Branch 

Mouth, 19 Feb 1931, Baitktt 11942, 11947 (US). 

TOLEDO: Swasey Branch, Monkey River, 11 Nov 

1941, Gentle 3774 (US); 12 Nov 1941, Gentle 

3775 (US). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: Tower Hill 

Estate, 1927, Karling 12, 51 (US). HONDURAS. 

ISLA DE LA BAHIA~A: Ruatan Island, Aug 1886, Gaumer s.n. (US). SANTA BARBARARA: San Pedro Sula, 

300 m alt, Thieme 5403 (US); 1 km from Santa 

BPrbara, 300 m alt, 11 Dec 1950, Molina 3663 (US). 

COMAYAGUA: Vicinity of Siguatepeque, 1080-1400 

m alt, 14-28 Feb 1928, Standley 56067 (US); 1110 

m alt, 21 Sep 1932, Edwards 486 (US); 1100 m alt, 

29 Sep-.?I Oct 1951, Williams 18475 (us). EL PARA~SO: Road to Yuscaran, 5 Nov 1951, Swallen 

11335 (US); Gulf of Fonseca, Sinclair s.n. (K, syntype of A. pectinata Willd. ex Nees). EL SALVADOR. 

AHUACHAPANVicinity of Ahuachapana800-1000 m 

alt, 9-27 Jan 1922, Standley 19893 (US). SONSONATE: Vicinity of San Antonio del Monte, 250 m 

ah, 23 Mar 1922, Standley 22166 (us). SAN SALVADOR: Vicinity of Tonacatepeque, 30-31 Dec 1921, 

Standley 19440 (US); 31 Dec 1921, Calderon 210 

(US). SAN VICENTE: San Vicente, 350-500 m alt, 

2-11 Mar 1922, Standley 21220 (US), SAN MIGUEL: 

S side of Lake Olomega, 75 m alt, 8 Feb 1942, 

Tucker 931 (P, US). MORAZANAN: 15 km NE of San 

Miguel, 2G0 m alt, 2 Dec 1941, Tucker 450 (US). 

LA UNION6~: Gulf of Conchagua, Nov 1838, Voyage 

Sulphur, Barkley 2597 (US); La Union, 150 m alt, 

13-21 Feb 1922, Standley 20672, 20855 (US). NICARAGUA. MATAGALPA: 5-10 km W of Matagalpa,, 

600-700 m alt, 13 Jan 1963, Williams, Molina (1. 

Williams 23801 (US, W); Matagalpa, 12 Jan 1928, 

Mell 33 (US). CHINANDEGA: Chinandega, 1 Jan 

of Managua, Gamier 55 (US); 2 Nov 1923, Chaves 

45 (Us). GRANADA: Jan 1870, Levy 349 (P). RIVAS: 

Finca Coacojoche, near Tola & Rivas, 16 Jan 1945, 

White 5354 (US). Lake Nicaragua, Ometepe Is. 

land, 1893, Shimek Q Smith 146 (US). WITHOUT 

EXACT LOCALITY: U. S. North Pacific Exploring 

Expedition, Wright s.n. (US). COSTA RICA. Mt. 

Mombacho, 1845-46, grsted 10614 (US). GuANACASTE: Around Nicoya, Dec 1899, Tondiiz 13633 

(F, K, P, US, W); vicinity of Tilaran, 500-650 m 

alt, 10-31 Jan 1926, Standley & Valerio 44293, 

45686 (US): Cataract Falls, 16 Feb 1956, Schubert 

1071 (US). PUNTARENAS: Jan 1854, Scherzer s.n. 

(W); along Rio Ceibo, near Buenos Aires, Jan 

1892, Tondzcz 6707 (US). ALAJUELA: San Mateo, 

Jan 1892, Biolley 7073, 7074, 7075 (US); Grecia, 

Dec 1917, Jimenez 1142 (US); San Ramon, 1000 m 

alt, 5 Feb 1940, Austin Smith 2359 (K, US); Finca 

Prado, above Atenas, 7 Feb 1956, Schubert Q Madriz 1036 (US). SAN jose: Bois du Rodeo de Pacaca, 400-700 m alt, Pittier Q Dzcrand 1592 (US); 

La Caja, Dec 1890, Biolley 3210 (US); San Jose, 

1903, Baker 2057 (K, us, w). MANAGUA: Vicinity 
NUMBER 18 45 

Dec 1896, Tonduz 10401 (US); Escasu, 1250 m alt, 

29 Jan 1924, Standley 32370 (US); Las Pavas, 1070 

m alt, 29 Feb 1924, Standley 36057 (US). WITHOUT 

EXACT LOCALITY: Gulf of Nicoya, Sinclair s.n. (K, 

syntype of A. pectinata Willdenow ex Nees). PANAMA. CHIRIQUI: 12.4 m N of David, 14 Dec 1966, 

Lewis et al. 718 (MO, US). VERAGUAS: Ilade Uva, 

Contreras group, 11 Dec 1911, Pittier 5113 (US); 

hills W of Sona 500 m alt, 24 Nov 1938, Allen 

1042 (MO, US); Bahia Honda, 28 Mar 1939, Elmore H15 (US). LOS SANTOS: Tonosi, 35 m alt, 

27 Feb 1963, Stern, Eyde, (1. Ayensu 1854 (US); 25 

m SW of Tonosi, Rio Pedregal, 750-900 m alt, 

7 Dec 1967, Lewis et al. 2954 (MO, US). HERRERA: 

Ocu~, 100 m alt, 22 Jan 1947, Allen 4066 (US); Ocu6, 

banks of Rio Pasoancho, 19 Feb 1963, Stern, Eyde, 

6. Ayensu 1738 (US); between Las Minas and Pese, 

25 Dec 1966, Burch, Oliver, c?r Robertson 1349 

(US). COCLEL~: Penonome, 15-300 m alt, 23 Feb22 Mar 1908, Williams 217 (US); between Paso 

del Arado and 012, 20-280 m alt, 7-9 Dec 1911, 

Pittier 5026 (US); Ola, 100-350 m alt, 7-9 Dec 

1911, Pittier 5036 (US); El Valle, 800-1000 m alt, 

22 Dec 1936, Allen 96 (US); El Valle de Anto, 

300-600 m alt, 2-3 Dec 1967, Lewis et al. 2595 

(MO, US). CANAL ZONE. Paraiso, Dec 1857, Wagner s.n. (W); 29 Nov 1967, Dyer 7143 (US); 

Balboa, Nov 1923-Jan 1924, Standley 25439, 26047, 

29258 (US); Pueblo Nuevo, 10 Mar 1940, White 

299 (US); Miraflores, 27 Dec 1937, White 49 (US); 

Fort Kobe, 15 Oct 1939, Allen 2022 (US); between 

Fort Clayton and Corozal, 31 Dec 1923, Standley 

29011 (US); Santa Rita hills, 4 Jan 1958, C. Earle 

Smith, Jr. CL- H. Morgan Smith 3433 (PH, US); between Rodman Marine Base and Chorrera, 17 Dec 

1967, Nowicke, Blackwell Q Hawker 3582 (MO, 

US). PANAAA: Rio Tapia, 7 Dec 1923-11 Jan 1924, 

Standley 26193, 28091 (US) ; near Matias Hernandez, 30 Dec 1923, Standley 28971 (US); Rio Tecumen, 3 Jan 1924, Standley 29455 (US); Juan Diaz, 

11 Jan 1924, Standley 30601 (US): between Las 

Sabanas and Matiis Hernindez, 21 Jan 1924, 

Standley 31911 (US); 2-3 m S of Goofy Lake, on 

road to Jefe, 600-660 m alt, 10 Dec 1966, Lewis, 

Burch, Dwyer Q Elias 282 (MO, US); Chimin, 

12 Dec 1967, Lewis et al. 3331 (MO, US). SAN 

BLAS: Between Rios Diablo and Acuati, 11 Mar 1967, 

Duke 14887 (US). DARIEN: Punta Garachine, 28 

Feb 1967, Duke 10475 (US). Taboga Island, 0-250 

m alt, 20-23 May 1911, Pittier 3620 (US); 1912, 

Celestino 43 (US); 26 Jan-7 Feb 1923, Macbride 

2770 (US); Dec 1923, Standley 27864 (US); Hinds 

s.n. (K, syntype of A. pectinata Willdenow ex 

Nees). Taboguilla Island, 30 Mar 1937, Miller 

1999 (US), WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: 1851, 

Duchassaing s.n. (P); Central America, Barkley s.n. 

(K, syntype of A. haenkeana Nees); journey to Chile, 

9 Dec 1905, Sargent 17 (US); 22 Feb 1923, Macbride 2666 (US). SURINAM. 1846, Hoslmann (1.. 

Kappler 539 (K, LE, MO, P, W, syntype of A. pectinata Willdenow ex Nees); Paramaribo, Wullschlugl 422 (W); Ju1 1844, Kegel 56 (P); 3 km N of 

Paramaribo, 5 Apr 1944, Maguire Clr Stahel 22727 

(NY, W); Charlesburg near Paramaribo, 21 Ju1 1933, 

Lanjouw 100 (K); Saramacca River, 18 Jun 1944, 

Maguire 23873 (NY, P, US). GUYANA. Along 

banks of Sururu River, Jun 1839, Schomburgk 180 

(K, W, syntype of A. pectinata Wildenow ex Nees); 

1841, Schomburgk 888 (P, W), 1461 (US); Corentyne River, Sep 1879, Jenman 368 (P); SE of 

Georgetown, 26 Nov 1919, Hitchcock 16916 (US); 

Akyma, Demerara River above Wismar, 9-10 Jan 

1920, Hitchcock 17419 (US); junction of Mazaruni 

and Cuyuni Rivers, Kartabo Station, 23 Ju1 1924, 

Graham 336 (US); Mazaruni River & Essequebo, 

Aug 1933, Martyn 398 (K); Matope Falls, Cuyuni 

River, 4 Jun 1952, Forest Dept. 6942 (K); Maniparu Falls, 14 Feb 1949, Atkinson 59 (BM, K, US); 

Essequebo River, Uriridan savanna, 12 Jun 1951, 

Forest Dept. 6453 (K, P); Keriti Creek, Essequebo 

River, 4 Oct 1942, Forest Dept. F875 (K); Essequebo River, first falls, 10 Sep 1929, Sandwith 194 

(K); Issororo, Pomeroon River, 5 Jun 1909, Anderson s.n. (K). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: Sep 1879, 

im Thurm s.n. (K); Apr 1887, Jenman 3785 (K). 

VENEZUELA. ANOTEGUI: Barcelona, valleys of 

Neveri and Nevicual, 1885, Chaper s.n. (P); Pariaguan, 14 Dec 1940, Pittier 14530 (F, US, VEN); 

Guanta-Cumana, Sep 1959, Aristeguieta 3981 

(VEN). GUARICO: Ortiz, Oct 1963, Aristeguieta 

5197 (VEN); Llanos de Calabozo, Mision Abajo, 

9 Nov 1941, Lasser 134 (US, VEN). MIRANDA: 

Parque Nacional de Guatopo, Sep 1966, Aristeguieta Q Agostini 6429 (US). TRUJILLO: El Dividive, 29 Nov 1922, Pittier 10855 (US, VEN). BOLI 

VAR: Angostura or Ciudad Bolivar, 1864, Grosourdy 

13 (P); Cariben on Rio Orinoco, 3 Apr 1887, Chaffanion 130 (P); La Urbana, Jan 1892, Guyon 50 

(P); La Union, Medio Caura, 90 m alt, 14 Feb 

1939, Williams 11254 (US, VEN); 30 km below La 
46 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Urbana, 100 m alt, 14-15 Mar 1949, Maguire 6 

Maguire 29035 (NY, P, US); Hato la Vergarefia, 

E of Cerro Coroba, 420 m alt, 25 Oct 1954, Wurduck 6 Guppy 203 (US, VEN); Caicara (Orinoco), 

1898-99, Sprague s.n. (K); Ciudad Piar, 450 m alt, 

Apr 1954, Aristeguietu 2233 (VEN). AMAZONAS: 

Mouth of Rio Sanariapo, 140 m alt, 22 May 1940, 

Williams I3061 (US, VEN); Alta Ventuari, junction of the Rio Jenete, 500 m alt, Dec 1940, Cardona 165 (US, VEN); Base River (Cano Negro), 

at SE base of Cerro Duida, 215 m alt, 23 Aug 1944, 

Steyermark 57909 (US, VEN); Rio Negro, Piedra 

de Cocui, 22-23 Dec 1947, Schultes (I. Lopez9422 

(US); Rio Cuao, Rio Orinoco, Murcielago Falls, 

17 Nov 1948, Maguire (I. Politi 27318 (US, VEN); 

Cerro Sipapo (Paraque), 28 Dec 1948, Maguire & 

Politi 27984 (US, VEN); 25 Jan 1949, Maguire 6 

Politi 28606 (US, VEN); Cerro Huachamacari, Rio 

Cunucunuma, 400 m alt, 21 Dec 1950, Maguire, 

Cowan, & Wurdack 29987 (US, VEN); Serrania 

Paru, Rio Paru, Cano Arisa, Rio Ventuari, 250 m 

alt, 17 Feb 1951, Cowan 6 Wurdack 32541 (US, 

VEN); Puerto Ayacucho, Great Rapids of the Orinoco, 100-120 m alt, 8 Nov 1953, Maguire, Wurduck, & Bunting 36078 (US, VEN); 10 Nov 1953, 

Maguire, Wurdack, 6 Bunting 36114 (US, VEN); 

Alto Rio Orinoco, 30 km above Santa Barbara, 125 

m alt, 15 Sep 1957, Maguire, Wurdack, Keith 41480 

(US, VEN, W); Orinoco River, S part of Isla del 

Raton, 90 m alt, 19 Nov 1965, Breteler 4740 (US, 

VEN). COLOMBIA. BOLIVAR: Vicinity of Cartagena, 

1920, Heriberto 357 (US); Sincelejo, 150-200 m alt, 

26 Jan 1918, Pennell 4057 (NY, US); between 

savanna Beltran and Juanarias, 15 Sep 1963, Romero 9939 (COL); Since, 18 Sep 1963, Romero 

9986 (COL); San Martin de Loba, Lands of Loba, 

Apr-May 1916, Curran 99, 111 (US). NORTE DE 

sANTANDER: Ocaiia, Aquachica, 1846-52, Schlim 278 

(K, P). BOYACA: 10 km above Mani, San Antonio 

on Rio Cusiana, 250 m alt, 16 Feb 1939, Haught 

2613 (US). META: Apiay, plains of San Martin, 

300 m alt, Feb 1856, Triana s.n. (COL, P); Rio 

Casanare, at Esmeralda, 130 m alt, 19-20 Oct 1938, 

Cuatrecasas 3810 (COL), 3816 (US); Rio Orinoco, 

Puerto Carreno, 23-24 Oct 1938, Cuatrecasas 4046 

(US); Rio Meta, La Venturosa, 27 Oct 1938, Cuatrecusas 4185 (US); Rio Meta, Metabubosa, 29 Oct 

1938, Cuatrecasas 4235 (COL); 65 km E of Villavicencio, 28 Dec 1938, Haught 2501 (US); Sabanas 

de San Juan de Arama, 500 m alt, 5-20 Dec 1950, 

Zdrobo 6 Schultes 1223 (US); Llanos Orientales, 

Serrania de Menegua, 250 m alt, 17 Sep 1958, Jammillo, Hernandez & van der Hammen 1265, 1268 

(COL); 34 km E of Villavicencio, 300 m alt, 17 

Sep 1958, Jaramillo, Herndndez 6 van der Hammen 

1275 (COL). VICHADA: Along the Rio Vichada, 

7 km NE of San Jose de Ocunk, 100 m alt, 19 Jan 

1944, Hermann I0973 (US). VAUPES:Cerro de 

Mitu, 380 m alt, 17 Sep 1939, Cuatrecasas 6878 

(US); Calamar, on the Rio Unilla, 240 m alt, 30 

Oct 1939, Cuatrecasas 7339 (COL). WITHOUT 

EXACT LOCALITY: Engels s.n. (LE); Cuming 1099 

(K, syntype of A. pectinata Willdenow ex Nees). 

ECUADOR. WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: Sinclair s.n. 

(K, holotype of A. pectinata var. macra Nees); 

Hegewisch s.n. (K, syntype of A. haenkeana Nees). 

CULTIVATED MATERIAL. Hope Gardens, Jamaica, 

Dec 1904, Harris 75 (K); St. Vincent, Guilding s.n. 

(K). 

42. Aphelandra storkii Leonard 

Aphelandra storkii Leonard, Field Mus. Pub. Bot. 18:1197. 

1938. 

Suffrutescent; stems round, terete, sparingly pilose toward the tip, glabrous below; leaf blades 

ovate, 20 cm long, 13 cm wide, short-acuminate, 

abruptly narrowed at the base and decurrent on 

the petiole, undulate, sparingly pilose above, densely so beneath, the veins prominent, coarsely reticulate toward the margins; petioles about 10 cm long, 

winged, about 3 mm broad near the base of the leaf 

blade; spikes terminal, 11 cm long or longer, about 

3 cm in diameter, the bracts closely imbricate, the 

rachis densely spreading-pilose; bracts oblong 

ovate, 25-28 mm long, 10-12 mm wide, acute, 

red (?), veiny, puberulent within, pilose without, 

the middle portion of the margin denticulate, the 

few teeth about 0.25 mm long, also bearing on 

both sides near the middle a number of small, 

round, sessile, submarginal glands; bractlets linearlanceolate, 12 mm long, 2.5 mm wide near the 

base, acuminate, pilose, striate; calyx segments subequal, 13-14 mm long, narrowly lanceolate, the 

posterior segment 3.5 mm wide, the anterior pair 

2.5 mm wide, and the lateral pair 2 mm wide, all 

gradually narrowed to a slender point, pilosulous, 

striate; corolla red (?), pilose, the upper lip erect, 

acute, 2-toothed, the lower lip %lobed, probably 
NUMBER 18 47 

spreading, its middle lobe acute, much longer and 

larger than the obtuse lateral ones (mature corolla 

not seen). 

TYPE.-Rowles Cir Stork 690 (holotype US), Costa 

Rica, Limon, Livingston, Rio Reventazon, July to 

Aug, 1920. 

DIsTRIBUTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality. 

Aphelandra storkii is closely related to A. deppeana but differs from it in its much larger bracts 

with very minute teeth. In A. deppeana the bracts 

are rarely as much as 15 mm long, whereas in this 

species they are at least 25 mm long. 

43. Aphelandra hia Leonard 

Aphelandra lash Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:179. 

1953. 

Shrubs to over 2 m high; stems subquadrangular, 

at least the upper portions densely pilose, the hairs 

whitish, to 2 mm long; leaf blades oblongelliptic, 

to 29 cm long and 8 cm wide, subacuminate, narrowed from about the middle to a winged petiole, 

entire or undulate, rather thin, the upper surface 

sparingly whitish strigose, moderately strigose beneath especially on the costa and lateral veins 

(about 22 pairs); petiole (unwinged portion) 5-10 

mm long, the winged portion 6-7 cm long, both 

densely pilose; spikes to 5 or more in number, terminal and subterminal, 5-10 cm long, 2 cm broad, 

the rachis densely pilose; bracts ascending, light 

brown, rhombic, about 18 mm long and 9 mm 

wide, densely pilose, the margins bearing 1 or 2 

pairs of minute ascending teeth, the glandular 

areas consisting usually of 5-20 elliptical ocelli 0.75 

mm long and barely 0.5 mm wide, these dark 

brown, conspicuous against the light brown of the 

bracts; bractlets narrowly lanceolate, carinate, 16 

mm long, 3 mm wide near base, densely pilose 

without; calyx 19 mm long, the segments lanceolate, the posterior one 5.5 mm wide at about the 

middle, the anterior pair 3.5 mm wide, the lateral 

pair 3 mm wide, all indurate, glabrate to about 5 

mm from base, upper portions densely pilose; corolla 

bright red, rather sparingly puberulous, 6 cm long, 

the tube 3 cm long, 6 mm broad at base, contracted 

at tip of ovary to 3 mm, thence gradually expanded 

to 7 mm at mouth, the lips erect, about equal, 

3 cm long, the upper lip about 8 mm wide at basal 

part of the 2 lobes, these lanceolate, 17 mm long, 

5 mm wide at middle, acuminate, spreading, the 

lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe free to base, 

oblong-lanceolate, 33 mm long, 7 mm wide at about 

the middle, the lateral lobes triangular, 8 mm long, 

2.5 mm wide near the base, acute, their upper 

margins adhering in part to the upper lip; stamens 

almost reaching the tip of the upper lip, 5 cm long; 

anthers 6.5 mm long, adhering at tip, dorsally pubescent; filaments glabrous; style about 5.5 cm 

long, glabrous; capsules not seen. 

TYPE.-O. Haught 3945 (holotype US), Colombia, Magdalena, near stream in forest above Manaure, 800 m alt, 16 Jan 1944. 

DIsTRIsuTIoN.-Andean Colombia at elevations 

above 800 meters, in the departments of Magdalena, Santander, Cundinamarca, and Tolima. COLOMBIA. SANTANDER: Santa Barbara, Ju1 1879, Kalbreyer 794 (K). CUNDINAMARCA: Around Guaduas, 

Hartweg 1267 (K, syntype of A. pectinata Willdenow ex Nees); Aug 1852, Triana 267 (COL, NY); 

1100 m alt, Jun 1952, Uribe 2337 (US); 1000 m 

alt, 10 Mar 1964, Velez ri7 Murillo 226 (COL); E of 

Guaduas, between Guaduas and Alto de Aguaclara, 

1040-1320 m alt, 3 Nov 1945, Garcia-Barriga 11727 

(US); 24 Ju1 1947, Garcia-Barriga 12323 (US); 

above San Juan de Rioseco, 1700 m alt, 18 Jun 

1956, Uribe 2787 (COL). TOLIMA: Between El 

Libano and Murillo, Alto de Pebones, 2200-2950 

m alt, 20 Jul 1947, Garcia-Barriga 12268 (US). 

WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY. 1760-1808, Mutis 1489 

(US). 

44. Aphelandra hylaea Leonard 

Aphelandra hylaea Leonard, Wrightia 2: 146. 1961. 

Shrub 1-2 m high: stems terete, glabrous or the 

upper portion strigose; leaves mostly spreading, 

the blades rather narrowly elliptic or ovatelanceolate, 13-15 cm long and 4.5 cm wide, acute 

or subacuminate, the tip obtuse or rounded, cuneate at base, usually narrowly so, rather firm, 

entire or shallowly crenate, both surfaces glabrous 

except the costa and lateral veins (9 or 10 pairs), 

these sparingly strigose; petioles 5-15 mm long, 

the channels strigose, glabrous below; spikes dense, 

solitary and terminal or several, then terminal and 

subterminal, to 14 cm long and 4 cm broad, the 

rachis hirsute; bracts purplish, erect, imbricate, 
48 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

rhombic-ovate, 21-27 mm long, 8-11 mm wide at 

middle to a base 3 mm wide, the costa and 3 pairs 

of lateral nerves rather prominent, the veinlets 

coarsely reticulate, the marginal veinlets terminating in a series of spikelike teeth to 3.5 mm long, 

the teeth ending about 8 mm below the tip of the 

bract, the outer surface of the bracts puberulous, 

the inner surface glabrous or puberulous at tip and 

margins, the ocelli minute, forming an oval, depressed area about 1.5 mm long and 1 mm wide, 

darker than the surrounding surface of the bract; 

bractlets narrowly triangular, 10 mm long, gradually narrowed from base to a slender subulate tip, 

2.5 mm wide at base, carinate, the margins thin, 

rather sparingly hirtellous; calyx 14 mm long, the 

posterior segment 3 mm wide, the anterior segments 1.75 mm wide, the lateral pair 1.25 mm 

wide, all lanceolate, striate-nerved, glabrous or 

bearing a few rigid ascending hairs; corolla erect 

or ascending, 5.3 cm long from base to tip of upper 

lip, red, glabrous below, sparingly puberulous 

above, the tube 2 mm wide at base, enlarged gradually to 5 mm at tip, the upper lip erect, narrowly 

ovate, acute, 17 mm long, about 8 mm wide, the 

lower lip spreading, 15 mm long, 3-lobed, the 

lobes divided nearly to base, oblanceolate, about 

4 mm wide, acute; stamens reaching to within 3 

mm of the tip of the upper corolla lip and partly 

enfolded by it; anthers oblong, 5.5 mm long, 1.25 

mm broad, glabrous; filaments glabrous; ovary 

glabrous. 

TYPE.-Kjetl won Sneidern 1370 (holotype S, 

US photo 5380), Colombia, Caqueta, Morelia, 150 

m alt, 26 Nov 1941. 

DIsTRIBUTI0N.-Amazonian Colombia, Ecuador, 

and Brazil, COLOMBIA. META: Guapayita, Cordillera La Macarena, 500-600 m alt, 20-28 Dec 

1950, Idrobo 6. Schultes 840 (US); Boca del Cad0 

Cabra, junction of Cano Cabra and Rio Guayabero, 

23 Feb 1969, Pinto 6 Sastre 991 (COL, P). VAUPES: 

Along the Rio Guaviare, at San Jose del Guaviare, 

240 m alt, 5 Nov 1939, Cuutrecusus 7456 (US). 

PUTUMAYO: Quebrada de Sipenae, left side of the 

Rio San Miguel, 400 m alt, 12 Dec 1940, Cuatrecasas 11007 (US); around Macao, between river 

locally called Rio Rumiyaco and Filo de Barniz, 

1200-1500 m alt, 8-9 Oct 1959, Barclay (1. Juajibioy 

9439 (US); Macoa, path to Rio Rumiyaco, 700- 

850 m alt, 10 Oct 1965, Garcia-Barriga, Hashimoto, 

& Ishikuwa 18688 (COL, US). ECUADOR. NAPO 

PASTAZA: Rio Napo, Yuralpa, riverside, 4-19 Dec 

1958, Hurling 3614 (S); between Tena and Archi. 

dona, 2 Oct 1939, Asplund 8976 (S); Cerro Antisana, 3 m SW of Tena, 600 m alt, 27 Aug 1960, 

Grubb, Lloyd, Pennington & Whitmore 1478 (K, 

NY). BRAZIL. AMAZONAS: Codajas, 22 Aug 1950, 

Froes 26345 (IAN). ACRE: Serinopal, Rio S%o 

Francisco, Mar 1911, Ule 9806 (K, F photo 8664). 

Leonard (1961, 2: 148) states that Aphelandra 

hy2aea is related to A. impressa and even more 

closely to A. lamprantha Leonard. All three species 

agree in having the glandular area of the bracts 

made up of numerous minute ocelli. Aphelandra 

impressa is characterized by the long, slender recurved tips of the bracts and by the long erectascending leaves (up to 28 cm). The bracts of A. 

lamprantha and A. hyluea are erect and merely 

acute at tip and very similar, differing mostly in 

their width, 8-11 mm wide in A. hylaea and 6 mm 

wide in A. lamprantha. The leaves of A. lamprantha are close to those of A. impressa but narrower 

and like it, strongly ascending. The leaves of A. 

hylaea, on the other hand, are more or less spreading and short-petioled. 

45. Aphelandra chamissoniana Nees 

FIGURE 28 

Aphelandra chamissoniana Nees, in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:90, 

1847, in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:299. 1847; Bot. Mag. 108, 

pl. 6627. 1882.--Semaine Hort. 323. 1898.--TVasshausen and 

Smith, F1. Ilustr. Catar. 1. Fasc. ACAN: 73. 1969. 

Aphelandra punctata Hort. Bull. Cat. 184:25. 1882. 

Aphelandra chamissoniana Nees var. paranaensis Rizzini, 

Dusenia 3:191. 1952. 

Shrub or suffrutescent herb to 2 m high; stems 

delicate, glabrous or the tip sparingly pilosulous; 

leaf blades oblanceolate, 15-18 cm long, 3-4.5 cm 

wide, acuminate, slenderly cuneate at base and 

decurrent on the petiole, entire or undulate, glabrous except the costa and lateral veins (7-8 pairs), 

these sparingly puberulent with curved hairs, the 

costa and lateral veins of the upper surface often 

bordered somewhat yellow; petioles (unwinged 

portion) about 1 cm long, glabrous; flowers borne 

in terminal (rarely axillary), sessile spikes, these 

5-12 cm long (without flowers), about 3 cm wide, 

oval in outline, the rachis glabrous, the bracts 

imbricate or spreading with age; bracts oval, 2.2-3 
NUMBER 18 49 

cm long, 1.1-1.5 cm wide, yellow, conduplicate, 

long-cuspidate, cuneate at base, membranaceous, 

glabrous to puberulous, bearing 4-6 serrulate teeth 

on either side between the middle and base of 

cusp, to 2 mm long; bractlets lanceolate, 5-9 mm 

long, 1.5-2 mm wide near base, carinate, acuminate, 

subhyaline, finely striate-nerved, glabrous, the margins roughened; calyx 8-11 mm long, the segments 

subequal, lanceolate, subhyaline, finely striatenerved, minutely puberulous, the posterior segment 

8 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, acute, the anterior pair 

10 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the lateral pair 11 mm 

long, 1 mm wide, both anterior and lateral segments acute, ending in a stiff bristlelike awn; 

corolla 4.5-5.5 cm long, yellow, orange or red, 

glabrous, the tube curved, 3 mm wide at base, 2 

mm wide at 5 mm above base, the throat obconic, 

6 mm wide at mouth, the upper lip erect, obovate, 

9-15 mm long, 8 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 4-6 

mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, more or less acute, the 

lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes equal, oblong, 7-15 mm 

long, 4 mm wide, acute; stamens as long as or 

slightly exceeding the upper lip; anthers 5 mm 

long, dorsally lanate; filaments flat, glabrous; capsule dark brown, shining, narrowly clavate, about 

17 mm long and 3 mm wide, glabrous; seeds 

smooth, obliquely ovoid, 4 mm long, 3 mm wide, 

dark brown, wrinkled. 

TYPE.-Chamisso s.n. (holotype LE ), Brazil, 

Santa Catarina, Island of Santa Catarina. 

DIsmIsuTIoN.-Southern coastal Brazil, in the 

states of S5o Paulo, ParanA, and Santa Catarina. 

BRAZIL. Go PAULO: Iporanga, Ju1 1886, Puiggary 

3.042 (P). PARANA: Morretes, Picada Engo. Lange 

to EstaqiTo Marumbi, 20 Mar 1947, Hatschbach 

662 (US); ParanguP, Sitio do Meio, 29 Apr 1951, 

Hatschbach 2251 (RB, holotype of A. chamissoniana var. paranuensis Rizzini); Porto de Cima, 

200 m alt, 24 Jun 1914, Duse'n 589a (GH, S); S. 

Jose dos Pinhaes, Pedra Branca de Araraquara, 25 

May 1947, Hatschbach 749 (US); Guaratuba, Divisa, 18 Jan 1970, Hatschbach 23361 (US); Guaratuba, Serra de Aracatuba, 950 m alt, 10 Mar 1959, 

Hatschbach 5520 (US); Guaratuba, Serra de Araraquara, 25 Jun 1968, Hatschbach 19424 (US); Guaratuba, Alto da Serra, 26 Ju1 1960, Duarte 5353 (RB, 

US). SANTA CATARINA: Biguaqu, mata de fachinal, 

600 m, 16 Dec 1945, Reitz C-990 (HBR, US); Blumenau, Morro Spitzkopf, 350 m, 23 Apr 1953, Reitz 

Q Klein 542 (HBR, US); Blumenau, Jan 1888, 

Ule s.n. (HBG); Born Retiro, Mata da Companhia 

Hering, 400 m, 5 Feb 1960, Reitz 6. Klein 4.158 

(HBR); Bom Retiro, Mata da Companhia Hering, 

capoeirao, 250 m, 5 Ju1 1960, Reitz 6- Klein 4.165 

(HBR, US); Brusque, capoeira e mata, 40 m, 30 

Jun 1949, Reitz 2.996 (HBR, US); Mata do Hoffmann, capoeirao, 50 m, 10 Oct 1949, Reitz 3.093 

(HBR, US); Ribeirao do Ouro, mata, 600 m alt, 

8 May 1950, Reitz 3.544, 3.546 (HBR, US); Mato 

do Hoffmann, capoeira, 40 m alt, 18 Aug 1953, Klein 

577 (HBR); Corupa, correa, mata, 600 m alt, 13 

Jan 1958, Reitz 6 Klein 6.194 (HBR, US); Florianopolis, St. Catherine, Nadeaud s.n. (P); Ile Ste. 

Catherine, Guadichaud s.n. (P); Ilha de S. Catarina, 

22 Jan 1951, Reitz 3.708b (HBR, US); Ilha de S. 

Catarina, Naufragados, mata, 20 m alt, 14 Dec 1951, 

Reitz 4.253, 4.364 (HBR, US); Morro do Ribeirzo, 

mata, 400 m, 20 Dec 1966, KZein 6.977 (HBR, US); 

Morro do Ribeirao, mata, 450 m alt, 16 Jan 1967, 

Klein 7.079 (HBR, US); Ibirama, Horto Florestal 

I.N.P., mata, 700 m alt, 18 May 1956, Klein 1.980 

(HBR, US); Ilhota, Morro do Bau, mata, 700 m 

alt, 29 Jun 1948, Reitz 2.044 (HBR, US); Itajai, 

Morro da Facenda, mata, 50 m alt, 17 Mar 1954, 

Klein 711 (HBR); Morro da Fazenda, mata, 50 m 

alt, 2 Ju1 1954, Reitz 6 Klein 1929 (HBR); Morro 

da Ressacada, mata, 300 m alt, 31 Mar 1955, Klein 

1.237 (HBR, US); em mata, Itajai, Apr 1886, UZP 

s.n. (HBG) ; Lauro Mueller-Urucanga, Pinhal da 

Companhia, mata de pinhal, 300 m alt, 14 Ju1 

1958, Reitz 6 Klein 6.788, ibidem, pinhal, 300 m 

alt, 17 Dec 1958, Reitz G Klein 4.089 (HBR, US); 

Luis Alves, ` Serafin, mata virgem, 100 m alt, 

22 Jan 1948, Reitz 2.010 (HBR); Palhoca, mata, 

Piloes, 50-700 m alt, 14 Mar 1952, L. B. Smith 6210 

(HBR, US); Piloes, mata, 200 m alt, 19 Jan 1956, 

Reitz 6- Klein 2.424 (HBR, US); Piloes, mata, 350 

m alt, 23 Feb 1956, Reitz Q Klein 2755 (HBR); 

Piloes, mata, 250 m alt, 9 Ju1 1956, Reitz 6 Klein 

3.391 (HBR); Reserva Forestal dos Piloes, 250 m 

alt, 30 Nov 1950, Duarte Q Falcao 3189a (RB, US); 

Taio, 400 m alt, May 1962, Marchiori 6 (HBR); 

Garuva, Tres Barras, mata, 50 m alt, 25 May 1951, 

Reitz 6 KZein 3.980 (HBR); mata, 100 m alt, 22 

Jun 1957, Reitz .L- Klein 4.487 (HBR); mata, 200 

m alt, 17 Apr 1958, Reitz (1- Klein 6.694 (HBR, 

US); Vidal Ramos, Sabia mata, 750 m alt, 15 Jun 

1957, Reitz Q Klein 4.357 (HBR, US); Apr 1869, 
50 ShlITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Mueller 316 (K). CULTIVATED MATERIAL. Herb. 

Hort. Kew, Aug 1889 (K); Palm House 1887 (K); 

Oct 1889, Sir G. Macleay's Garden (K). 

LOCAL NAME.-BAlsamo-de-Chamisso. 

Nicholson (1900:60) states that A. chamissoniana 

is the correct name for A. fiunctata Hort. Bull. Cat. 

46. Aphelandra ornata (Nees) T. Anderson 

Aphelandra ornata (Nees) T. Anderson, Journ. Bot. 2:289. 

1864.-Morren in Belg. Hort. 15:33. 1965 [pro basionym, 

non sensu Anderson], 

Stenandriuni venatum Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:79. 1847 

[errore typographic0 loco ornatum], in de Candolle, Prodr. 

11:291. 1847. 

Lagochilium ornatum (Nees) Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 

291. 1847. 

Aphelandra ornata (Nees) Lindau in Engler and Prantl, 

Pflanzenfam. 4, Abt. 3b:322. 1895. 

Aphelandra venom Wasshausen & Smith in Reitz, F1. Ilustr. 

Cam. 1, Fax. ACAN: 76. 1969. 

Small decumbent herb or shrub, the reclining 

portion rooting, the erect portion to 50 cm high; 

stem subquadrangular, the upper portion strigose, 

the hairs about 0.75 mm long, yellowish, the lower 

portion glabrous; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 5-9 

cm long and 2-3.5 cm wide, obtusely acute, gradually narrowed at base, entire or faintly undulate, 

firm, both surfaces glabrous except the costa and 

lateral veins (7-9 pairs), these strigose, the costa 

and veins of the upper surface bordered with a 

narrow band of yellow, the lower surface green 

but lighter than the upper; petioles to 2 cm long, 

strigose; flowers borne in 1-3 terminal, sessile 

spikes, these 3-4 cm long, 2-2.5 cm wide (without 

flowers), the bracts closely appressed, the rachis 

glabrous; bracts ovate, conduplicate, slightly recurved, 15-20 mm long, 12-15 mm wide, mucronulate, cuneate at base, the costa and margins sparingly ciliate, otherwise glabrous, serrate-dentate, 

the teeth (6-14 on each side) triangular, sharply 

pointed, about 0.5 mm long, reticulate-nerved, 

green or whitish; bractlets small, lanceolate, 2-3 

mm long, 0.5 mm wide just below the middle, 

acute, striate-nerved, subhaline, ciliate; calyx 5-7 

mm long, the segments subequal, lanceolate, striatenerved, subhyaline, ciliolate, the posterior segment 

1.5 mm wide, acute, ending in a stiff bristlelike 

awn, the anterior pair slightly narrower, the lateral pair 1 mm wide, both anterior and lateral 

pairs aristate; corolla yellow, 3 cm long, sparingly 

glandular pilosulous, 2 mm wide at base, the tube 

narrow, 1.5 cm long, the throat obconical, 6 mm 

wide at mouth, the upper lip obovate, 8 mm long 

and 7 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 3 mm long, 3.5 

mm wide, obtuse, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes 

subequal, the middle lobe obovate, 8 mm long, 7.5 

mm wide, obtuse, the lateral lobes elliptic, 9 mm 

long, 5 mm wide, obtuse; stamens included, barely 

exceeding the mouth of the corolla; anthers 3 mm 

long, acute, rounded at base, glabrous; filaments 

epipetalous, flattened, glabrous; ovary sparsely pubescent; mature capsule not seen. 

TYm-SeIlow s.n. (holotype B, destroyed), 

Brazil. 

DIsTRIBvTIoN.-~oUtheaStern coastal Brazil, in 

the states of Sao Paulo, Parana, and Santa Catarina. BRAZIL.SAO PAULO: Santos, Sororocaba, 20 

Feb 1875, Mosen 3200 (S); 1 Feb 1875, Mosen 3201 

(S); Santos, hill at beach, 19 Jan 1913, Brade 6048 

(S); Piassaguera (Santos), mata, May 1913, Toledo 

s.n. (RB); Santos, Sororocaba, 18 Ju1 1901, Hemmendor0 480 (S). PARANAAntonina, : Estr. CacatuSerra Negra, 23 Mar 1966, Hatschbach 14115 (K, 

US); Serra do Mar, Porto de Cima, 12 Sep 1910, 

DusPn 10261 (S); Serra do Mar, Porto de Cima, 

2 Jan 1914, Dusen 14306 (GH); Porto de Cima, 17 

Mar 1914, Jonsson 52a (K, LE, US); Jacarei 11 

Aug. 1915, Dusen 17112 (GH); Paranagua,Serra 

da Prata, 150 m alt, 26 Dec 1962, Hatschbach 9620 

(US); Serra da Prata, 5 Mar 1911, Dusen 11478 

(S); Serra da Prata, 20 Ju1 1914, Dusen 15304 (S); 

Serra da Prata, 100 m alt, 4 Dec 1909, Dusen 8631 

(S). SANTA CATARINA: Sao Francisco do Sul, mata, 

Porto das Canoas, 2 m alt, 21 Feb 1952, Smith 6 

Reitz 5718 (US); in humid places, Sao Francisco. 

Mar 1885, UZe 324 (HBG). 

LOCAL NAME.-Ralsamo-de-lista. 

47. Aphelandra sulphurea Hooker 

Aphelandra sulphurea Hooker, Bot. Mag. 98, t. 5951. 1872. 

Aphelandra herthae Mildbraed. Notizbl. Bot. Gard. Berlin 

14:40. 1938. 

Erect herb to 40 cm high; stems stout, glabrous, 

terete, sparingly branched; leaf blades broadly elliptic to elliptic-ovate, 15-23 cm long and 7-10 cm 

wide, abruptly acuminate, cuneate at base, the 

margins subentire or shallowly repand, the lateral 

nerves (12-14 pairs) inserted at a rather open 
NUMBER 18 51 

angle on the broad, flat costa, at first suberect, then 

becoming curved as ascending toward the margin, 

the upper surface bright green and glossy, the lower 

surface much paler green, sometimes violet-purple, 

both surfaces glabrous; petioles short, firm, 1.2-2 

cm long; flowers borne in a solitary, terminal, subsessile spike to 21 cm long and 15 mm wide (without corollas), surrounded at base by 2 small sessile, 

appressed leaves, these shorter than the bracts; 

bracts imbricate, green, elliptic-oblong, 30-32 mm 

long, 8.5-10 mm wide, acute, the veins prominent, 

the nerves excurrent, denticulate and covered 

with small inconspicuous subsessile glands; bractlets lance-subulate, 4-5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, 

subhyaline, the margins ciliolate; calyx segments 

chaffy, oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, puberulous, 

distinctly callose at base, the posterior segment 11 

mm long, 2.25 mm wide, apically irregularly 2- or 

%toothed, the remaining segments subequal, the 

anterior pair 10.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, longacuminate, the lateral pair 1 mm wide, otherwise 

similar to the anterior pair; corolla yellow, puberulent without, the tube 4 cm long, narrowly tubular, 

erect, scarcely enlarged, about 4 mm wide at base, 

5 mm wide at mouth, the upper lip erect, about 

2 cm long, cymbiform-complicate, about 1 cm wide, 

subacuate, the lower lip spreading with three 

nearly equal lobes, the middle lobe 2 cm long, 1 

cm wide, apically obtuse, the lateral lobes similar, 

about 17 mm long and 6 mm wide; anthers nearly 

5 mm long; filaments provided with long slender 

hairs on one side; ovary about 4 mm long, scarcely 

1 mm thick, apically acute and minutely pubescent; 

style glabrous, long-attenuate; mature capsule not 

seen. 

TYPE.-Ho~~ Veitch (holotype K ?); typification 

is on the basis of the description and plate, especially the latter. 

DrsTRIsuTIoN.-Originally, this species was supposedly introduced by Messr. Veitch from Guayaquil, Ecuador. More recently, however, it has been 

collected in eastern Ecuador in the provinces of 

Napo-Pastaza and Zamora-Chinchepe. ECUADOR. 

NAPO-PAsTAZA: Mera, 21 Apr 1940, Lug0 218 (s); 

2 km N of Shell-Mera, 1050 m alt, 6 Tun 1968, 

Holm-Nielsen (i. Jeppesen 349 (AAU, US); Cerro 

Antisana, Talag near Rio Napo, 600 m alt, 7 Dec 

1960, Grubb, Lloyd, Pennington, & Whitmore 148 

(K, NY). ZAMORA-CHINCHEPE: Patuca, 600 m alt, 

13 Jun 1947, Hurling 1142 (S). 

The type of A. herthae was deposited in the Berlin herbarium. As far as I could ascertain, no duplicate specimens of the Hertha Schultze-Rhonhof 

collections were distributed. From the descriptions, 

A. herthae should be a synonym of A. sulphurea. 

48. Aphelandra nemoralis Nees 

FIGURE 3 

Aphelandra nemoralis Nees in Martius. F1. Bras. 9:90. pl. 11. 

Aphelandra edmundoana Rizzini, .4rquiv. Jard. Bot. Rio de 

Aphelandra edmundoana Rizzini var. monocephala Rizzini, 

Aphelandra crenatifolia Rizzini, Arquiv. Jard. Bot. Rio de 

1847; in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:299. 1847. 

Janeiro 8:326. 1948. 

Arquiv. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 8:327. 1948. 

Janeiro 8:327. 1948. 

Erect, sufiutescent shrub; stem terete, 0.5-1 m 

high, glabrous, the bark white, tuberculate; leaf 

blades oblong, 15-20 cm long, the lower about 6 

cm wide, the upper 4-5 cm wide, acuminate, the 

tip rounded, narrowed at base and decurrent on 

the petiole, rather firm, glabrous and deep green 

above, the margins somewhat crenate and undulate, rarely entire, the lower surface drying a lighter 

green, glabrous, the costa and lateral veins (7-9 

pairs) conspicuous beneath, arcuate, glabrous; 

petioles (unwinged portion) 1.5-2 cm long, canaliculate, glabrous, drying brownish; flowers borne 

on 1-5 subterminal (rarely axillary), peduncled 

spikes, these 5-9 cm long, 2 cm wide (without 

flowers), the peduncle 2-5.5 cm long, canaliculate, 

glabrous, the bracts imbricate, not sufficiently 

spreading with age; bracts yellow, elliptic to ovate, 

15-23 mm long, 8-12 mm wide just below the middle, acute, slightly narrowed and cuneate at base, 

membranaceous, distinctly 5-nerved, glabrous and 

glandular puncticulate without, the margins with 

2-3 denticulate teeth on each side, these 0.5 mm 

long; bractlets lance-subulate, 6-8 mm long, 1-1.5 

mm wide, subulate-acuminate, striate-nerved, subhyaline, sparingly glandular puncticulate without; 

calyx 9-13 mm long, the segments slenderly lanceolate, subequal, striate-nerved, subhyaline, setaceousacuminate, glabrous and sparingly glandular 

puncticulate, the posterior segment 2 mm wide 

near the middle, somewhat shorter than the other 

segments, the anterior pair 1.5 mm wide, the lateral pair 1 mm wide; corolla yellow, 3.5-5 cm long, 

well exserted beyond the subtending bracts, gla- 
52 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

brous to sparingly glandular-pilosulous, the limbs 

puberulous, the tube slightly curved 3-3.5 cm long, 

4 mm wide at base, narrowed to 2 mm wide at 7 

mm above base, thence gradually enlarged to 8 

mm wide at mouth, the upper lip erect, oblong, 

6-8 mm long and 4-6 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 

3 mm long and 2-3 mni wide, mucronulate, the 

lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes subequal, the middle 

lobe ovate, 6-7 mm long, 6 mm wide, acute, the 

lateral lobes oblong, 6-7 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, 

acute, spreading; stamens almost equaling the 

lobes of the upper lip; filaments flattened, puberulous near top; anthers 5-6 mm long, muticous at 

both apex and base, dorsally puberulous; style 

included, filiform, apically moderately puberulous; 

stigma dot-like; capsule glabrous, provided with 

aborted style, 7 mm long. 

TYPE.--Mu~~~us s.n. (holotype M ), Brazil, 

Guanabara, in the wooded mountains of Corcovado, Aug. 

DIsTRIBuTIoN.-??ound in woods in the states of 

Rio de Janeiro and Guanabara. BRAZIL. RIO DE 

JANEIRO: Serra dos Orgaos-Barreira, 28 May 1946, 

Pereira 516 (RB, holotype of A. edmondoana Rizzini, isotype K); Serra dos Orgaos-Barreira, 4 Apr 

1956, Pereira 1956 (RB, US); Barreira de Terezopolis, Ju1 1961, Duarte 5733 (RB); Therezopolis, Apr 

1918, Frusao 8619 (RB); Xerem, Duarte s.n. (RB); 

Serra do Tingua, 13 May 1943, Guerra 95- Octavio 

s.n. (RB, no 48086, holotype of A. crenatifolia Rizzini); Tingua, 29 Jun 1948, Occhioni 1112 (RB); 

Santa Maria Madalena, Tamboril, 22 Mar 1955, 

Pereira 1281 (RB, US); near base of “Dedo de 

Deus” mountain, 13 Ju1 1948, Rizzini 31? (RR, 

holotype of A. edmundoana var. monocephala Rizzini). 

49. Aphelandra phrynioides Lindau 

Aphelandm fihrynioides Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. 2, 4: 

326. 1904. 

Plant small herb; stems almost absent or extremely short; leaves numerous from base; leaf 

blades oblanceolate, about 25 cm long, 5-8 cm 

wide, acuminate, gradually narrowed at base and 

decurrent on the petiole for about 15-18 cm, 3-4 

mm wide near base, the upper surface glabrate, 

the lower surface pubescent, the margins entire, 

ciliolate; petioles (unwinged portion) 4-6 cm long, 

pubescent; flowers borne in 1 or 2 axillary spikes 

arising at the base of the plant, these surpassed by 

the leaf blades by 15-18 cm, the peduncle 3-6 cm 

long, densely pubescent; bracts imbricate, broadly 

lanceolate, 22-23 mm long, 8 mm wide, acuminate, 

mucronulate, cuneate at base, densely sericeous, 

the margin with about 6 pair of serrulate teeth; 

bractlets linear, 6-7 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, 

glandular-pilose; calyx 11 mm long, the segments 

lanceolate, finely striate-nerved, glandular pilose, 

the posterior segment 2 mm wide, the anterior pair 

1.5 mm wide, the lateral pair 1 mm wide, all narrowed and aristate; corolla yellow, about 4 cm 

long, glandular-pilose, the tube cylindric, 20 mm 

long, 2 mm diameter, thence abruptly enlarged 

and campanulate, 11 mm long, 8 mm in diameter 

at mouth, the upper lip obovate, 8 mm long and 

7 mm wide, bilobed, the lobes 2 mm long and 2 

mm wide, obtuse, the lower lip 3-lobed, subequal, 

the middle lobe obovate, 10 mm long, 7 mm 

wide, rounded, the lateral lobes oblong, 9 mm 

long, 4 mm wide, obtuse; anthers 4 mm long, apiculate, apically and dorsally puberulent; filaments 

epipetalous, puberulent; pollen grains 7Op-85p 

long, 38p-461.1 diameter, typical; ovary 2.5 cm 

high, disc small; style, 34 mm long, puberulous; 

mature capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-Luschnath s.n. (holotype B, destroyed, 

F photo 8712, isotype BR), Brazil, Bahia, Ilheos, 

wet woods and along stream banks, 23 Sep 1836. 

DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality. 

According to Lindau: “This species deviates 

from all other known species of Aphelandra because of its unique habitat. The short, compact 

stem probably possesses rhizomes from which the 

thick, unbranched secondary roots are formed. 

The long decurrent and numerous leaf blades by 

far exceed the stem and the flowering spike. The 

flowers do not possess the long, pointed corolla 

lobes that are so common in most of the other 

species and perhaps this characteristic could be 

used to initiate a new section with this its only 

species. The flood plain locality should have been 

sufficient motivation to cultivate this species.” 

This species, I believe, had indeed been introduced into cultivation. Anderson (1864:289) describes and illustrates a plant called Aphelandra 

ornata T. Anderson that had been introduced 

into the Belgian gardens in 1858, from Bahia, 
NUMBER 18 53 

Brazil, by Porte. This plant, misidentified by 

Anderson, is Lindau’s Aphelandra phrynioides. 

SO. Aphelandra ignea 

(Schrader) Nees ex Steudel 

FIGURE 38 

Aphelandra ignea (Schrader) Nees ex Steudel, Nom. ed. 2, 

Synandra ignea Schrader, Maxim. Princ. Videns. It. 2:343. 

Synandra amoena Schrader, Goett. Gel. Anz. 1:715. 1821.- 

Stenandrium igneum Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:78. 1847. 

Lagochilium igneum Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:292. 1847. 

Aphelandra pumila J. D. Hooker, Bot. Mag. 105, pl. 6467. 

Aphelandra pumila J. D. Hooker var. splendens Regel, Gar1:111. 1840. 

1821. 

Steudel in Nom. ed. 2, 1:111. 1840. 

1879. 

tenfl. 32:l. 1883. 

A low decumbent herb; stems dichotomously 

branched, almost absent or extremely short, about 4 

mm in diameter, densely pilose, each branch 

tipped by a spike and bearing two leaves; leaf 

blades elliptic-ovate, 10-12 cm long and 4.5-7 cm 

wide, rather gradually narrowed to an obtuse tip, 

cordate to subcordate at base, the lower leaves 

smaller and more densely cordate, firm, entire or 

undulate, the upper surface sparingly to densely 

pilose, the costa and lateral veins (7-9 pairs) conspicuous, arcuate, the lower surface drying a 

lighter reddish brown than the upper, moderately 

pilose, especially the costa and lateral veins; 

petioles 2-7 cm long, densely hirsute; flowers borne 

in 1 or 2 simple, terminal spikes, these 3.5-5 cm 

long, the peduncles as long as the spike, hirsutulous; bracts obovate-cuneate, 15-18 mm long, 6-10 

mm wide above the middle, acuminate, mucronulate, narrowed at base, firm, nerved, glabrous to 

sparingly hirsute, the margins spinulose-serrate 

toward the tip, with 5-7 teeth on each side, sparingly ciliolate; bractlets linear, 4 mm long, 0.6 mm 

wide, subhyaline, mucronulate, ciliate: calyx 8-10 

mm long, the posterior segment oblong-lanceolate, 

2 mm wide, 3-lobed with excurrent midnerve, the 

anterior pair lanceolate, 1.5 mm wide, acuminate, 

mucronulate, the lateral pair linear, 1 mm wide, 

slenderly acuminate, mucronulate, all segments 

subhyaline, striate-nerved, glabrous, ciliolate; corolla 3 cm long, glabrous to sparingly puberulent, 

bright yellow, the tube cylindric, 2 mm broad at 

base, the upper narrowly ampliate, about 5 mm 

broad at mouth, the corolla lips oval, the upper 

lip erect, about 5 mm long and 5 mm wide, entire, 

rounded, the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe 

broadest, 7 mm long, 5.5 mm wide, rounded, the 

two lateral lobes 5.5 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, 

rounded, the margins all undulate; stamens barely 

exceeding the mouth of the corolla tube; filaments 

glabrous; anthers hirsute, 2.5 mm long, apiculate 

at both apex and base, 

TYPE.-Maximilian Prinz zu Wied-Neuwied s.n. 

(holotype BR), Brazil, in woods, Jan 1817. 

CERAIS: Universidade Rural do Estado de Minas 

Gerais, Viqosa, 3937 (US). WITHOUT EXACT LoCALITY. Horto bot. Petropolitano, May 1880 (LE); 

1876-77, cultivated by Bull s.n. (K, holotype of 

A. pumila Hooker). 

DIsTRIBUTI0N.-Southern Brazil. BRAZIL. MINAS 

51. Aphelandra obtusifolia 

(Nees) Wasshausen, new combination 

Stenandrium obtusifolium Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:78. 

1847. 

Lagochilium obtusifolium Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:291. 

1847. 

Erect, shrubby plant 30-45 cm high; stem about 

15 cm long, densely red-strigose-subtomentose toward tip; leaf blades narrowly ovate, 10-11 cm 

long, 4-5 cm wide, acute to obtuse, narrowed at 

base, somewhat narrowly decurrent on the petiole, 

thin, repand, the margins ciliate, the upper surface 

glabrous except the costa and lateral veins (8-10 

pairs ), these inconspicuous, arcuate, puberulous, 

the lower surface drying a lighter green than the 

upper, glabrous to sparingly puberulous, especially the costa and lateral veins; petioles 4-4.5 cm 

long, the pubescence similar to that of the stem; 

flowers borne in 1-3 terminal spikes, these 5-7.5 cm 

long, 2.5 cm wide (without corollas), the peduncle 

1-2 cm long, densely red-strigose-subtomentose, 

the bracts closely imbricate, the spike supported 

by a pair of smaller leaves; bracts obovate, to 18 

mm long, 14 mm wide just below the apex, purplish, reticulately veined, obtuse, the tip acuminate, cuneate at base, glabrate to sparingly pilose 

without, the margins spinulose-serrate toward apex 

with about 7 pairs of dentate teeth, ciliolate; bractlets lanceolate, 1 cm long, 0.5 mm wide, aristate, 

subhyaline, striate-nerved, somewhat sericeous; 
54 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

calyx 1.3 cm long, the segments lanceolate, striatenerved, inconspicuously puberulous, aristateacuminate, the posterior segment 2 mm wide near 

base, the anterior pair 1.5 mm wide, the lateral 

pair 1 mm wide; corolla red, about 3 cm long, 

glabrous or the tube sparingly glandular-pilosulous, 

the tube cylindric, 15 mm long, 3 mm wide at base 

then narrowed to 1.5 mm, thence abruptly enlarged and infundibular, 5 mm long, 7 mm in 

diameter at mouth, the upper lip obovate, 10 mm 

long and 7 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 3 mm long 

and 3 mm wide, obtuse, the lower lip 3-lobed, subequal, the middle lobe obovate, 8 mm long, 6.5 

mm wide, slightly retuse, the lateral lobes elliptic, 

8 mm long, 5 mm wide, obtuse; anthers 3 mm long, 

apiculate, apically and dorsally hirsute; filaments 

epipetalous, moderately hirsute; mature capsule 

not seen. 

TYPE.-Schott 6033 (holotype W), Brazil, Rio 

de Janeiro, Prov. Sebastianopolis, Serra de Macacu. 

DIsTRIBuTI0N.-Known only from the typelocality. 

52. Aphelandra tridentata Hemsley 

Aphelandra tridentata Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 

513. 1882.-Leonard. Field Mus. Bot. 18:lZOO. 1938. 

Shrubs, to 2 m high; the young stems unbranched, dark green, densely villous; leaf blades oblong ovate to elliptic, to 30 cm long and 8 cm wide, 

acuminate, narrowed at base and decurrent on the 

petiole, entire, thin, the upper surface glabrate, 

dark green, the lower somewhat paler, sparingly 

hirsute or the costa and lateral nerves (10-15 pairs) 

densely so; petioles slender, to 4 cm long, moderately pilose; flowers borne in terminal, solitary 

spikes, to 10 cm long and 3 cin in diameter, the 

rachis densely sericeous; bracts oblong-lanceolate 

3.5-5 cm long, 7-10 nim wide (the uppermost often 

much smaller), acuminate, ascending, 3-nerved, 

moderately sericeous without, less conspicuously 

so within, bearing 1 to several subulate teeth on 

each side, these to 3 mm long; bractlets linear, 

10-15 mm long, about 2 mm wide near base, gradually narrowed to a slender tip, carinate, densely 

sericeous without, glabrous within, the costa prominent; calyx scarlet, the segments subequal, striatenerved, glabrous to puberulent without, glabrous 

within, the posterior segment lanceolate, about 13 

mm long and 3.5 mm wide, gradually narrowed 

to a slender tip, the anterior pair narrowly lanceolate, 11-12 mm long and 2.5 mm wide, slenderly 

acuminate, the lateral pair narrowly lanceolate, 

10-11 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, long slenderly 

acuminate, all glabrous to sparingly puberulent 

at the apex; corolla 5-6.5 cm long, bright red, 

sparingly sericeous, the tube lemon-yellow and 4 

mm wide at base, narrowed to 2 mm at 5 mm 

above base, thence gradually enlarged to 6 mm at 

mouth, the lips 2.5 cm long, the upper lip erect, 

elliptic, 25 mm long, 8 mm wide, 2-lobed, the lobes 

deltoid, about 0.5 mm long, 1 mm wide at base, 

the lower lip spreading, recurved, entire, 25 mm 

long, 9 mm wide; stamens scarcely exserted, pale 

lemon yellow; filaments glabrous above, pilosulous 

below; anthers brown, about 6 mm long; ovary 5 

mm long, glabrous; capsule oblong, 16 mm long, 

about 6 mm broad, blunt, glabrous, puncticulate, 

shining; seeds dark brown, flat, about 4 mm long 

and 3 mm wide, pilosulous. 

TYm-Endres 236 pro parte (holotype K), Costa 

Rica, without definite locality. 

DISTRIBUTION.-coSta Rica, within Pacific cloud 

forest zone. COSTA RICA. CUANACASTE: Los Ayotes, 

near Tilaran, 600-700 m alt, 21 Jan 1926, Standley 

Q Valerio 45453 (US); Quebrada Serena, SE of 

Tilarin, 700 m alt, 27 Jan 1926, Standley Q Valerio 

46138, 46203 (US). ALAJUELA: Zarcero, 1350 m 

alt, 22 Sep 1937, Austin Smith A 445 (F, US); 

Alfaro Ruiz, San Louis de Zarcero, 1525 m alt, 

2 Nov 1939, Austin Smith P 1992 (us). sAN Josi: 

La Hondura, 1300-1700 m alt, 2-4 Mar 1924, 

Standley 36315 (US); Mountains E of San Jose, 

17 Dec 1960, Palmer .s.n. (NY). 

53. Aphelandra dunlapiana 

Standley & L. 0. Williams 

Aphelandra dunlapiana Standley & L. 0. Williams, Ceiba 

1:164. 1950. 

Shrub to 2 m high; stem sparingly branched, 

terete, internodes short, minutely velutinous, becoming densely so toward tip, the hairs tawny; leaf 

blades oblanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, to 

30 cm long and 6.5 cm wide, attenuate-acuminate, 

narrowed at base and attenuate on the slender 

petiole, entire, the upper surface drying dark 

green, sparingly puberulous, the costa subim- 
NUMBER 18 

pressed, the lateral veins (usually 10-1 1 pairs) 

slightly raised, less prominent than on the lower 

surface, this drying light green or olive, densely 

whitish to blackish glandular punctate, the costa 

and the lateral veins pilose; petioles (unwinged 

portion) 2-3 cm long, the pubescence similar to 

that of the stem; inflorescence a dense, terminal, 

solitary spike, to 12 cm long and 4-5 cm wide (excluding corollas), sessile or short-pedunculate, 

with numerous sessile or subsessile flowers; bracts 

closely imbricate or spreading retrorsely with age, 

narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, about 2 cm 

long and 5-6 mm wide, acute and abruptly acuminate, reddish in vivo, purplish when dry, densely 

pilose, the tip itself glandular pilose, nerved, the 

margin provided about midway with 1 pair of 

spinescent-subulate teeth, these about 3 mm long; 

bractlets none; calyx segments subequal, linear oblong, 3 mm wide, the anterior and lateral pairs 10 

sparingly puberulent, the margins, especially toward tip short-pilose, the posterior segment ll mm 

long, 3 mm wide, the anterior and lateral pairs 10 

mm long, 3 mm wide; corolla light red, 5.5-6 cm 

long and 0.5 cm wide, glabrous to sparingly puberulous, the tube 3.5 cm long, 0.7 cm wide at mouth, 

the upper lip erect, oblong, 1.5 cm long, 0.5 cm 

wide, 2-lobed, the lobes triangular, 0.5 mm long 

and wide, the middle lobe of the lower lip obovate, 

about 2 cm long, 7 mm wide, the lateral lobes 

linear-subulate, about 7 mm long, 2 mm wide, all 

rounded, sparingly pilose; stamens exserted about 

1 cm beyond mouth of the corolla tube; the filaments 5.5 cm long, sparingly puberulous; the 

anthers 7 mm long, glabrous, apiculate; the ovary 

glabrous: mature capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-P. C. Standley 7618 (holotype F, isotypes 

EAP, US), Honduras, Atlantida, vicinity of San 

Alejo, at base of hills S of San Alejo near Rio San 

Alejo, 150-270 m alt, 22-27 Apr 1947. 

DIsmIsuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality. 

54. Aphelandra aurantiaca 

(Scheidweiler) Lindley 

Aphelandra aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley, Bot. Reg. 31, 

Hemisandra aurantiaca Scheidweiler, Bull. Acad. Sci. BruxAphelandra sciophila Martius ex Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 

pl. 12. 1845. 

elks 9:22. 1842. 

9:91. 1847.-Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:299. 1847. 

Aphelandra acutifolia Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:299. 

1847. 

Aphelandra bullata H. Wendland, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 19:30. 

1863. 

Aphelandra aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley var. roezlii 

Van Houtte, F1. des Serres, ser. 2, 7, t. 1741, 1742. 1867-1868. 

Aphelandra roezlei (Van Houtte), Carriere, Revue Horticole 

44:lOO. 1872. 

Aphelandra fascinator Linden & Andre, Ill. Hort. 21:42, pl. 

164. 1874. 

Aphelandra punctata Hortorum, Gard. Chron. 2:86. 1881: 

Ill. Hort. 29, pl. 457. 1882. 

Aphelandra simplex Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3:366. 1895. 

Aphelandra paraensis Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 4: 

Aphelandra uribei Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 31: 162. 

Aphelandra puberula Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 

Aphelandra leiophylla Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 31: 

Aphelandra nana Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:171. 

Aphelandra sneidernii Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 

Aphelandra glichrochlamys Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. 

Aphelandra phalacra Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 

324. 1904. 

1953. 

166. 1953. 

169. 1953. 

1953. 

31:174. 1953. 

Herb. 31:186. 1953. 

712, 1958. 

Herbaceous to suffrutescent plants; stems erect, 

to 1.5 m high, glabrous to sparingly pilose, the 

internodes 2-9 cm long; leaf blades oblong-ovate 

to elliptic or lanceolate, the majority of them 8-25 

cm long and 2.5-12 cm wide, acute to acuminate 

or obtuse to subacute, cuneate or gradually to 

abruptly narrowed at base and more or less decurrent on the petiole, sometimes obliquely so, chartaceous or thick and coriaceous, glabrous on both 

surfaces or the costa and veins sometimes bearing 

a few subappressed hairs, especially underneath, 

the margins entire or undulate, sometimes thickened, or coarsely sinuate-repand, the costa broad, 

lateral veins (10-12 pairs) inconspicuous, arcuate, 

the upper surface nitid often a brilliant polished 

green, obscurely and rather coarsely reticulate, 

minutely alveolate, the lower surface pale green, 

whitish or purple to deep vinous purple, the 

reticulation obscure; petioles to 10 cm long, glabrous; flowers borne in simple terminal spikes to 

15 cm long and 3 cm wide (excluding the corollas), 

the rachis puberulous, the nodes flattened and 

slightly excavate; bracts imbricate, oblonglanceolate, 

to 3 cm long and 1 cm wide, acuminate, veiny, 
56 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

densely puberulous, the margins ciliolate, serrate, the teeth to 1.5 mm long; bractlets narrowly 

lanceolate and acuminate; calyx about 1 cm 

long, the posterior segment oblong, 3 mm wide, 

acute, the lateral and anterior pairs linearlanceolate, 1.5 mm wide, the 5 segments and bractlets striate-nerved and puberulous, the nerves 

ending at the base of each segment in a callus 

about 1 mm long; corollas 5-6 cm long, red, orange 

or scarlet, sparingly puberulous, the upper lip 

oblong-ovate, about 2 cm long and 1.2 cm wide 

above the base, slightly obtuse and entire, the 

lower lip spreading, the lobes elliptic-ovate, the 

middle one to 2.5 cm long and 1.8 cm wide, obtuse, 

the lateral ones similar but only about half as 

large; capsules 1.6 cm long, sparingly puberulous; 

seeds hispidulous. 

Aphelandra aurantiaca is a variable species and 

perhaps consists of a number of races or forms. 

The Mexican and Central American specimens in 

the U. S. National Herbarium have as a rule 

smaller and more slenderly toothed bracts than do 

the South American collections. The bracts of 

some of the North American plants are in fact 

practically pectinate. Red flowers seem to be more 

prevalent than the orange ones. 

54a. Aphelandra aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley 

var. aurantiaca 

FIGURE 47 

Leaf blades oblong-ovate to elliptic, 8-20 cm 

long and 2.5-12 cm wide, chartaceous, glabrous 

or essentially so, sometimes bearing a few minute 

white hairs on the veins, the margins entire or 

undulate, the upper surface nitid, obscurely and 

rather coarsely reticulate, the lower surface somewhat whitish, the reticulation obscure. 

TYPE.-Grown in the Jardin Botanique de 

Bruxelles in the year 1839 from seeds procured 

from Mexico. 

DIsTRIsuTIoN.-UsLially found in dense forest, 

from Mexico to Bolivia. MEXICO. VERACRUZ: Valley of Cordova, 1 Mar 1866, Bourgeau 1998 (FI, K, 

P, US); Cordova, 1853, Mueller 2215 (W); 7 m 

from Catamaco, between Catamaco and Zontecompan, 400 m alt, 11 Apr 1952, Moore Q Cetto 6256 

(US); Catamaco, 9 Feb 1965, MacDougall s.n. (NY, 

US); 5.7-6 m from Catamaco on road to Sontecomapan, 380 m alt, 27 Sep 1961, Moore & Bunting 

8930 (US); Sontecomapan, 23 Dec 1968, Fernaindez, 

Ramos 6 Cedi210 483 (US); Sierra de Tuxtla, 4 km 

NE of Tapalapan, 480 m alt, 1 Sep 1962, Andrle 

87 (US). OAXACA: Sierra San Pedro Nolasco, 

Talea, Jurgensen 648 (K, syntype of A. acutifolia 

Nees); Comaltepec, Liebmann s.n. (K); Lalana, 

900 m alt, Oct 1840, Galeotti 946 (P, W). TABASCO: 

Teapa, 1839, Linden 177 (K, P). CHIAPAS: Between Tumbala & El Salto, 450-1350 m alt, 29 Oct 

1895, Nelson 3377 (US). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: Sesse Q Mocino 281 (MA, US photo 4564). 

GUATEMALA. EL PETEN: San Luis, 4 Dec 1970, 

Ortiz 1462 (F, US). HUEHUETENANGO: Between 

Ixcan and Rio Ixcan, 150-200 m alt, 23 Ju1 1942, 

Steyermark 49248 (US). ALTA VERAPAZ: Coban, 

1350 m alt, Sep 1912, von Tuerckheim 3858 (US); 

Cubilquitz, 350 m alt, Jan 1902, von Tuerckheim 

8254 (US), Sep 1906, von Tuerckheim 11549 (W); 

Rubeleruz, 180 m alt, Aug 1885, von Tuerckheim 

674 (P, US); trail to Pazos, 18 Jan 1905, GolZ 215 

(US); Finca Mocca, 900 m alt, 1 Dec 1919, Johnson 

67 (US); near Alta Verapaz-Peten boundary line, 

100-150 m alt, 23 Mar 1942, Steyermark 45283 

(US). BAJA VERAPAZ: "Panzal", Oct 1912, von 

Tuerckheim 3942 (US). IZABAL: Livingston, 18 

Jan 1905, Kellerman 5105 (US); along Rio Escobas, Montana Escobas, 20-50 m alt, 13 Dec 1941, 

Steyermark 39885 (US); 25 km S-SW of Puerto 

Barrios, 75 m alt, 28 Feb 1966, Gregory 611 (US). 

BRITISH HONDURAS: Forest Home, 60 m alt, 8 Dec 

1932, Schipp 1063 (K). HOUDURAS. SANTA BARBARA: Rio Permejo, 180 m alt, Mar 1890, Thieme 

5404 (US). CORT~: Sierra de Oma, La Cumbre, 

190 m alt, 30 Nov 1950, Molina 3472 (US); Montana of Piedras, 240 m alt, 4 Dec 1950, Molina 

3548 (US). ATLANTIDA: Wof Tela River, 29 Jan 

1903, Wilson 218 (US); Lancetilla valley, near 

Tela, 20-600 m alt, 6 Dec 1927-20 Mar 1928, 

Standley 52634, 53155, 53973 (US); Lancetilla 

valley, Aug 1960, Pfeifer 2131, 2146, 2159 (US); 

3 m S of Tela, 60-150 m alt, 28 Ju1 1962, Webster, 

Miller Q Miller 12616 (US); near El Portillo, 500 

m alt, 19 Mar 1962, Molina 10466 (US). COSTA 

RICA. GUANACASTE: El Silencio, near Tilarin, 750 

m alt, 13 Jan 1926, Standley Q Valerio 4452, 44736 

(US); Los Ayotes, near Tilaran, 600-700 m ah, 21 

Jan 1926, Standley Q Va'aerio 45495 (US); Tilaran, 

750 m alt, 17 May 1923, Valerio 58 (US). PUNTARENAS: Jan 1854, Schemer s.n. (W). ALAJUELA: 
NUMBER 18 57 

Alfaro Ruiz, Zarcero, 1300 m alt, 9 Dec 1946, 

Austin Smith 35 (US). LIMON: Santa Clara, La 

Colombiana, 200 m alt, Jun 1899, Pittier 13414 

(K); Livingston on Reventazon, Ju1 and Aug 1920, 

Rowlee S Stork 693 (US); Talamanca, forest of 

Shirores, 100 m alt, Feb 1895, Tonduz 9301 (US); 

Zent, 31 m alt, Aug 1901, Tonduz 14710 (K, P); 

Puerto Limon, 9 Aug 1923, Stevens 844 (US); 28 m 

from Puerto Limon, 40 m alt, 12 May 1930, Cufodontis 656 (W). CARTAGO: Tuis, 650 m alt, Nov 

1897, Tonduz I1504 (US, W); Turrialba, 620 m 

alt, Ju1 1897, Pittier 11259 (W); Chirripo, Jan 1900, 

Pittier 16063 (US); Tucurrique, 29 Aug 1920, Rowlee 

Q Stork 843 (US ) . WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: Lankester K194 (K); Endres 236 (K). PANAMA. BOCAS 

DEL TORO: 16 Oct 1920, Carleton 53 (US); 26 Jan 

1921, Carleton 79 (US); vicinity of Chiriqui Lagoon, 16 Oct 1940, von Wedel 1161 (US); 24 Apr 

1941, von Wedel 2326 (US); Chiriquicito to 5 m 

S along Rio Guarumo, 5-7 Jun 1967, Lewis et al. 

2078 (MO, US); Water Valley, 13 Sep 1940, von 

Wedel 754 (US); 1 Oct 1940, von Wedel 967 (US). 

COCLB: N of El Valle de Anton, 1000 m alt, 14 Ju1 

1940, Allen 2196 (US); 31 Aug 1941, Allen 2711 

(US); 16 Sep 1946, Allen 3694 (MO, P, US). FRENCH 

GUIANA. 1864, Melinon s.n. (P); Mana, 1887, Sagot 

sen. (P). SURINAM. Near Para River, Wullschlagel 

1058 (W, isotype of A. paraensis Lindau). Hostman I67 (K, P, syntypes of A. acutifolia Nees); 

Marowijne River, 12 Ju1 1965, Hugh-Jones 8 (K). 

COLOMBIA. NORTE DE SANTANDER: Tabaca, in the 

forest-covered Magdalena watershed in the vicinity 

of Ocana, 1500 m alt, 1851, Schlim 780 (FI, K, 

holotype P, isotypes of A. nana Leonard); near 

OcaAa, 1650 m alt, 11 Oct 1877, KaZbreyer 344 (K). 

AMAZONAS: Near base of Araracuara, mountains 

and along Enganos River, Dec, Martius s.n. (M, 

holotype of A. sciophila Martius); Loretoyacu 

River, Trapecio Amazonico, 100 m alt, 20-30 Oct 

1945, SchuZtes 6630 (US). ANTIOQUIA: Road to 

Sonson, 1000 m alt, 1852, Triana s.n. (K, holotype, 

P, isotype of A. glichrochlamys Leonard); May 1873, 

Patin sen. (K); lawice s.n. (K, holotype of A. phazacra 

Leonard); forest of Dabeiba, 400 m alt, 11 Jan 1947, 

Uribe I437 (US, holotype of A. uribei Leonard). 

VALLE: La Laguna on left bank of Rio Sanquinini, 

1250-1400 m alt, 10-20 Dec 1943, Cuatrecasas 

15436 (US, holotype of A. leiophylla Leonard). 

CAUCA: La Costa, 900 m alt, 27 Ju1 1936, von 

Sneidern 869 (S, holotype of A. puberula Leonard); 

El Tambo, 1200 m alt, 27 Ju1 1936, von Sneidern 

868 (S, holotype of A. sneidernii Leonard); 

around El Penol on the western slopes of the W 

Andes of PopayPn, 1800-2000 m alt, May, Lehmann 

8632 (K). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: 1760-1808, 

Mutis 1494 (US). ECUADOR. GUAYAS: Rio Bulubulu, 100 m alt, 11 Oct 1939, Haught 2912 (S, US). 

COTOPAXI: Rio Guapara, 20 km NW of El Corazbn, 

250 m alt, 21 Jun 1967, Sparre 17211 (S). BOLIVAR: 

Charquiyacu, 600 m alt, 3 Oct 1943, Acosta 6091 

(F). CHIMBORAZO: 750 m alt, Spruce 6214 (K, W); 

Huigra, on Hacienda de Licay, 8 Sep 1918, Rose 61 

Rose 22598 (US). NAPO-PASTAZA: Rio Napo, 19 

Apr 1958, Hurling 3607 (S); Rio Bermejo, tributary to Rio San Miguel, 230 m alt, 26 Nov 1966, 

Sparre I3153 (S). PERU. AMAZONAS: Bagua, valley 

of Rio Maranon above Cascades de Mayasi, 450- 

500 m alt, 8 Sep 1962, Wurdack 1901 (US). SAN 

MARTIN: Tarapoto, 1855-6, Spruce 4952 (K); Pongo 

de Cainarachi, Rio Cainarachi, 230 m alt, Sep-Oct 

1932, Klug 2743 (US); Chazuta, Rio Huallaga, 260 

m alt, Mar 1935, Klug 3965 (US); Huahuiva to 

Saposoa, 450 m alt, 4 Oct 1959, Woytkowski 5474 

(F, LE, MO); Mariscal Caceras: Tocache Nuevo, 

Quebrada de Huaquisha, 17 May 1970, Schunke 

3988 (F, US). LORETO: Near Yurimaguas, May 

1855, Spruce 3867 (K, W); Rio Ucayali, Jun 1847, 

de Castelnau s.n. (P); between Yurimaguas and 

Balsapuerto, 135-150 m alt, 26-31 Aug 1929, KilZip 

S A. C. Smith 28116, 28356 (US). HUANUCO: Maranon, junction of Rio Monzon and Rio Huallaga, 2 

Aug 1940, Asplund I2696 (S): Huiinuco, Tingo 

Maria, 620 m alt, 18 Feb 1954, Woytkowski I115 

(US); Pachitea, Honoria, Isla del Pacanase, 300- 

400 m alt, 29 Apr 1968, Schunke 2557 (F, US); 

Honoria, Bosque Nacional de Iparia, 300-400 m 

alt, 3 May 1967, Schunke I907 (F, US). JUNIN: 

Vitoc, Ruiz S Pavon A.93 (MA, F photo 29177, 

syntype of A. acutifolia Nees); Vitoc, 27 Dec 1878, 

Martinet 1537 (P); Vitoc, McLean sen. (K, syntype 

of A. acutifolia Nees); Pichis Trail, Yapas, 1350- 

1600 m alt, 28-29 Jun 1929, Killip Q A. C. Smith 

25583 (NY, US); Tarma, 16 km SW of San Ramon, 

1300 m alt, 29 Nov 1962, Zltis S Ugent 236 (K, 

US); Tarma: Utcuyacu, 1800 m alt, Woytkowski 

35372 (UC, F). cusco: Paucartambo, between 

Atalaya and Salyacion, 650 m alt, 1 May 1965, 

Vargas 16278 (US). PUNO. Carabaya, San GabPn, 

1100 m alt, 7 Feb 1967, Vargas 018894 (US). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: McLean s.n. (K); 1835, 
58 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Mathews 2011 (K, syntype of A. acutifolia Nees); 

900-1200 m alt, 1909-14, Weberbauer 5627 (F), 

6655 (GH). BOLIVIA. LA PAZ: Mapiri Region, 

San Miguel, 800 m alt, 16 May 1927, Buchtien 1368 

(US); Chimate, 500 m alt, 28 Feb 1927, Buchtien 

1369 (US); San Carlos, near Sarampuini, 600 m alt, 

15 May 1927, 1370 (US); La Paz; near Coroico 

Choro River crossing, 18 May 1964, 1200 m alt, 

Badcock 135 (K); Tumapasa, 540 m alt, 6 Dec 

1921, White 1826 (K); Alto Beni, 600 m alt, 20 

May 1964, Badcock 154 (K); 450 m alt, 22 Jun 

1964, Badcock 214 (K). COCHABAMBA: Rio Juntas, 

800 m alt, 13-21 Apr 1892, Kuntze s.n. (NY, isotype of A. simplex Lindau). SANTA CRUZ: Pica 

del Lara, 450 m alt, 6 Aug 1916, Steinbach 2750 

(US); Rio Japacari, Sara, 400 m alt, 16 Mar 1926, 

Steinbach 7503 (F). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: 

Pearce 548 (K); 798 (K). BRAZIL. RIO BRANCO: 

Road between Sao Luiz and Maloca TupariCabeceras, 1-29 Apr 1948, ScoZnik 6. Luti 728 (US). 

AMAZONAS: Tabatinga, 1877-78, Jobert 902 (P). 

ACRE: Serinopal, Rio Sao Francisco, Apr 1911, UZe 

9807 (K). CULTIVATED MATERIAL. At Rio de 

Janeiro, Dec 1878, Glaziou 9994 (K); Nov 1887, 

Cult. in Hort. Bot. Reg. Kew, (K, isotype of A. 

fascinator Lindau & Andre). 

54b. Aphelandra aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley 

var. stenophylla Standley 

Aphelandra uurantiacu (Scheidweiler) Lindley var. stenophytta 

Standlay, Field Mus. Bot. Ser., 4:324. 1929; Field Mus. Bot. 

Ser., 10:359. 1931. 

Aphelandra repanda Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:728. 

1847.-Leonard, Field Mus. Bot. Ser., 18:1196. 1938. 

ApheZandra Zonchochlumys Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 

31:165. 1953. 

Leaf blades petioled, lanceolate, 20-25 cm long, 

2.5-3 cm wide, gradually narrowed at both ends, 

glabrous on both surfaces or the costa bearing a 

few subappressed hairs, especially underneath, the 

upper surface shining, the lower surface pale green 

or occasionally purple, the margins coarsely 

sinuate-repand, unarmed, the venation obscure 

but more prominent beneath than above. 

TYPE.-Standley 53487 (holotype F, isotype US), 

Honduras, Atlantida, Lancetilla Valley, near Tela, 

20-600 m alt, 6 Dec 1927-20 Mar 1928. 

DISTRIBUTION.-COmmOnly found in wet forests 

from Central America to Peru. GUATEMALA. IZABAL: 

Jocolo, 25 Jan 1928, Johnson 1144 (US). HONDURAS. ATLATIDA: Lancetilla Valley, near Tela, 

20-600 m alt, 6 Dec 1927-20 Mar 1928, Standley 

52635, 53875 (US). COSTA RICA: GUANACASTE: 

Guis, Apr 1899, Pittier 16.088 (US); SE of Tilaran, 

Quebrada Serena, 700 m alt, 27 Jan 1926, Standley 

& Yderio 46157, 46207 (US). ALA JUELA-HEREDIA: 

N slope of Central Cordillera, Vara Blanca de Sarapiqui, Jul-Sep 1937, Skutch 3267 (US). SAN JOSE: 

San Jose, Sep 1853, Scherzer s.n. (W). WITHOUT 

EXCT LOCALITY. Endres 236a (K). CENTRAL AMERICA: Lehmann s.n. (W ). COLOMBIA. PUTUMAYO: 

Mocoa, 1898-99, Sprague 394 (K, holotype of A. 

lonchochlamys Leonard). ECUADOR. NAPO-PASTAZA: 

El Napo, Sep 1931, Benoist 4765 (P); Mera, 6 

Mar 1940, Lug0 28 (S); 15 Apr 1940, Lug0 190 

(S); Tena, 14 Oct 1939, Asplund 9320 (S, US); 

Cerro Antisana, 3 m SW of Tena, 600 m alt, 27 

Aug 1960, Grubb, Lloyd, Pennington G. Whitmore, 

1460 (NY ) . ZAMORA-CHINCHEPE: Cordillera Cutucu, 

opp Chupiantza, 600-690 m alt, 17 Nov 1944, 

Camp E-1045 (NY). Peru. SAN MARTIN: Mariscal Mariscal 

Caceresa, Tocache Nuevo, 20 Apr 1970, Schunke 

3947 (F, US). HUANUCO: Huanuco, Cucharas, near 

Tingo Maria, 500 m alt, 15 Mar 1954, Woytkowski 

1182 (US). JUNIN: Pangoa, Mathews 1238 (K, 

holotype of A. repanda Nees); Jauja, Lagunas de 

Satipo, Aug 1940, Ridozitt s.n. (US). AYACUCHO: 

Rio Apurimac Valley, near Kimpitiriki, 400 m alt, 

10 May 1929, Killip Q A. C. Smith 22878 (US), 

BOLIVIA: Pearce s.n. (K). 

Standley (1929:324) in describing the new variety, writes the following: “This form grown frequently with the typical one, which is common on 

the hills above Lancetilla. The leaves are so 

different from those of the type that at first glance 

one would assume that two species were represented, but apparently the two forms differ only 

in the shape of their leaves. I did not find any 

intermediate forms in the various localities where 

the two were growing together.” 

54c. Aphelandra aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley 

var, nitens (Hooker) Wasshausen, new combination 

Aphelundru ni(tens Hooker, Bot. Mag. 94, pl. 5741. 1868; 

Floral Mag. N. Ser., pl. 65. 1873; Garden 48:122. 1895; 

Pflanzenfam. 4.3b:322. 1895; Hesdorffer. Handb. Zimmergartn. ed. 2, p. 176, fig. 95. 1900. 

Aphelandra sinitrini Linden, Rev. Hort. 237, fig. 48. 1876. 
NUMBER 18 59 

Aphelandra nitens Hooker var. sinitzini (Linden) Fournier, 

Ill. Hort. 23:25. pl. 231. 1876. 

Leaf blades ovate to oblong-elliptic, obtuse to 

subacuminate cuneate at base, to 25 cm long and 

8 cm wide, but usually 5-12 cm long and 4-6 cm 

wide, thick and coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, the upper surface a brilliant polished green, 

the lower surface a deep vinous purple, the margins entire or undulate, thickened, the costa 

broad, the lateral veins (about 12 pairs) rather 

inconspicuous. 

TYPE.-HoY~. Veitch (holotype K), typification 

is on the basis of the description and the plate, 

especially the latter. 

DIsTRIBUTION.-originally stated to be a native 

of Guayaquil, Ecuador, from whence it was sent 

by Mr. Pearce to Messrs. Veitch. More recently, 

however, this variety has been collected in eastern 

Peru in the departments of San Martin, Huanuco, 

and Junin. COLOMBIA. WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: 

Cult. Bot. Gard. Kew, Jan. 1907 (K). PERU: SAN 

MART~N: Tarapoto, Spruce s.n. (K); Mt. Guayrapurima, Jan 1856, Spruce s.n. (K); San Martin, 

4 m E of Tarapoto, 890 m alt, 7 Mar 1947, Woytkowski 35217 (F, MO, UC); Mariscal Caceres, Tocache Nuevo, 23 Apr 1970, Schunke 3963 (F, US); 

Tocache Nuevo, Quebrada de Huaquisha, 4 Jun 

1970, Schunke 4027 (F, US). HUANUCO: Huanuco, 

Tingo Maria, 13 Ju1 1940, Asplund I2220 (S); Cucharas, near Tingo Maria, 400 m alt, 8 Feb 1954, 

Woytkowski 1095 (US); Aqua Blanca (Carretera 

Monzon), 890 m alt, 25 Feb 1966, Schunke I130 

(NY); Rio Bella, 7 km from Tingo Maria, 670 m 

alt, 6 Aug 1946, Soukup 3101 (F); southwestern 

slope of the Rio LlullaPichis watershed, on the 

ascent of Cerros del Sira, 250 m alt, 21 Jun 1969, 

Wdfe 12131 (NA). JUNIN: Puerto Bermudez, 375 

m alt, 14-17 Ju1 1929, KiZZip 6 A. C. Smith 26512 

(US); E of Quimiri Bridge, near La Merced, 800- 

1300 m alt, 1-3 Jun 1929, Kill+ 6 A. C. Smith 

23838 (P, US); Pichis Trail, San Nicolas, 1100 m 

alt, 4-5 Jul 1929, Killip 6. A. C. Smith 26031 (GH, 

US). CULTIVATED MATERIAL. Cult. Hort. Vindob. 

Jan. 1922, Rechinger s.n. (W). 

55. Aphelandra heydeana Donnell Smith 

FIGURE 4 

Aphelandra heydeana Donnell Smith, Bot. Gaz. 18:210. 1893. 

Shrub or suffrutescent herbs to 3 m high; stems 

glabrous, erect, canaliculate, minutely alveolar, 

drying grayish white; leaf blades wate to ovatelanceolate or elliptic, to 20 cm long and 7 cm 

wide, acuminate, more or less sharp contracted 

and cuneately prolonged into a petiole 2-8 cm long, 

membranaceous, entire or undulate, the upper 

surface drying dark green, glabrous or sparingly 

pubescent, the costa and lateral veins (usually 

6-8 pairs) plane or slightly elevated, less prominent than on the lower surface, this drying a 

lighter green, glabrous or sparingly pubescent, the 

hairs appressed, confined chiefly to the lateral 

veins; petioles (unwinged portion) about 1 cm 

long, glabrous or sparingly puberulent at base; 

spike terminal, usually solitary, 2-7 cm long and 

2-3 cm broad (excluding corollas), the rachis 

angular, moderately pilose; bracts closely imbricate, retrorsely spreading with age, obovate-oblong, 

1.3-1.5 cm long, 5-7 mm wide, prolonged into a 

recurved, convolute cusp about 6 mm long, nerved, 

veiny, more or less pubescent both within and 

without, the margins 1-2-spinulo-dentate, subscarious; bractlets similar to the calyx segments but 

slightly shorter, long linear-lanceolate, 11 mm long, 

1.5 mm wide, carinate, striate-nerved, sparingly 

pilose at tip; calyx segments subequal, elongatelanceolate, aristate, striate-nerved, glabrous, the 

posterior segment 12 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the 

anterior and lateral pairs 12 mm long, 2 mm wide; 

corolla crimson, glandular-pubescent, 5.5-6 cm 

long, the tube 2.5 cm long, 5 mm wide at mouth, 

the upper lip erect, oblong, 2 cm long and 0.7 cm 

wide, entire, the middle lobe of the lower lip 

broadly obovate-oblong, 2 cm long and 1.2 cm wide, 

the lateral lobes ligulate, 7-10 mm long, 1-1.5 mm 

broad, all rounded at apex; stamens barely included; the filaments 3.5-4 cm long, glabrous; the 

anthers 5 mm long, glabrous, apiculate; the ovary 

3 mm long, glabrous; mature capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-Heyde et Lux 4037 (holotype US, isotype P), Guatemala, Santa Rosa, Chupadero, 1500 

m alt, Oct 1892. 

DIsTRIBUTION.-Damp, wet forests in southern 

Mexico, Guatemala, and El Salvador. MEXICO. 

CHIAPAS: near Tumbala, 1200-1650 m alt, 20 Oct 

1895, Nelson 3302 (US). GUATEMALA. SANTA ROSA: 

Cerro Redondo, 1350 m alt, Sep 1893, Hey& et 

Lux 6212 (US); Rio Chiquito, 1050 m alt, Oct 

1893, Heyde et Lux 6213 (US); near Oratorio, 
60 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

1200 m alt, 21 Dec 1938, Standley 60671 (US); Rio 

Panal, lower slopes of Volcan de Tecuamburro, 

along the road between Cuilapa and Chiquimulilla, 28 Nov 1940, Standley 78561, 78568 (US). 

WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: 1892, Heyde 355 (US). 

EL SALVADOR. Camasagua, Dec 1922, Calderdn 

1402 (US). 

56. Aphelandra guerrerensis Wasshausen 

FIGURE 10 

Aphelandra guerrerensis Wasshausen, Phytologia 26:393. 1973. 

Shrub or suffrutescent shrub to 2 m high; stems 

glabrous or sparingly and inconspicuously strigose 

toward tip; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, 12-18 

cm long, 4-5 cm wide, acuminate, narrowed at 

base and long-attenuate on the slender petiole, 

entire, the upper surface drying dark green, glabrous to glabrate, the costa and lateral veins (usually 8-10 pairs) less prominent above than on the 

lower surface, this drying light green or olive, 

glabrate to strigillose, the hairs evenly distributed 

or confined chiefly to the costa and the lateral 

veins, petioles (unwinged portion) 3-5 cm long, 

the pubescence similar to that of the stem; spikes 

terminal, solitary, 6-11 cm long and 2-3 cm broad 

(excluding corollas), the rachis densely pilose; 

bracts closely imbricate or spreading with age, 

lanceolate, 20-25 mm long, 7.5 mm wide, green, 

3-nerved, veined, conspicuously pilose, the margins 

entire except for a pair of small and inconspicuous 

teeth above the middle, these 1-2 mm long; bractlets linear-lanceolate, aristate, 12 mm long, 1.5 mm 

wide, glandular-pilose; calyx segments subequal, 

lanceolate, aristate, 11-12 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide 

near the base, striate-nerved, glandular-pilose; 

corolla red, about 6 cm long, glandular-pilose, the 

tube slightly oblique, 3.5 cm long, 1 mm wide at 

base, thence gradually enlarged to 5 mm at throat, 

the upper lip erect, oblong-ovate, cymbiform, 

arched at the tip, 2.2 cm long, 8.5 mm wide, entire, 

the tip acute, the middle lobe of the lower lip 

oblanceolate, about 2.5 cm long, 7 mm wide, the 

lateral lobes narrowly deflexed, obliquely lanceolate, 8 mm long, 1.8 mm wide; stamens exserted 

about 2 cm beyond mouth of the corolla tube; 

the filaments glabrous; the anthers 4 mm long, 

glabrous; pollen grains typical, prolate, 39p-42~ 

long, 28p-29p wide; the ovary glabrous, 3 mm 

long; mature capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-G. Hinton 11199 (holotype US, isotypes 

K, NY, UC, W), Mexico, Guerrero, Galeana, San 

Andrez, 600 m alt, 1 Jun 1938. 

DIsmIsUTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality. 

Aphelundra guerrerensis superficially resembles 

A. gigantiflora. In A. gigantiflora though, the 

spikes are 12-30 cm long, the bracts entire, broadly 

ovate, 10-12 mm wide, the middle lobe of the lower 

lip obovate, 15-17 mm wide, and the lateral segments of the lower lip oblong, 15 mm long, 5 mm 

wide. 

57. Aphelandra fimmea Wasshausen 

FIGURE 49 

Aphelandra flammea Wasshausen, Phytologia 26:394. 1973. 

Herbaceous to suffrutescent perennial; stems 

erect, to 5 m high, glabrous to sparingly pilose, 

the internodes 2-9 cm long; leaf blades elliptic to 

obovate, 15-24 cm long and 6.2-12.3 cm wide, 

acuminate, cuneate or gradually narrowed at 

base and more or less decurrent on the petiole, 

chartaceous, minutely and inconspicuously puberulous on both surfaces, the margins entire, the 

costa broad, lateral veins (10-12 pairs) inconspicuous, arcuate, the upper surface nitid often a 

brilliant polished green, the lower surface pale 

green, the reticulation obscure; petioles 2-13 cm 

long, glabrous; flowers borne in simple terminal 

spikes 11-18 cm long and 1.5-2 cm broad (excluding the corollas), the rachis puberulous, the nodes 

flattened and slightly excavate; bracts imbricate, 

elliptic, 17-20 mm long and 7-10 mm wide, acuminate, veiny, glabrous, the margins serrate, the 

teeth to 1 mm long; bractlets narrowly lanceolate, 

4 mm long, minutely and inconspicuously puberulous; calyx 11-12 mm long, the posterior segment 

lance-subulate, 3 mm wide, the latera1 and anterior 

pairs linear-lanceolate, 1.5 mm wide, the 5 segments and bractlets striate-nerved and puberulous, 

the nerves ending at the base of each segment in a 

callus about 1 mm long; corollas 4.5-5.5 cm long, 

orange-red, sparingly puberulous, the upper lip 

oblong-elliptic, 17 mm long and 5 mm wide, acute 

to obtusish an$ entire, the lower lip spreading, 
NUMBER 18 61 

the lobes oblong-elliptic, the middle one 1.5 cm 

long and 1.8 cm wide, acuminate, the lateral ones 

similar but narrower, 3 mm wide; pollen grains 

atypical, prolate spheroidal, about 5Gy in diameter; 

mature capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-Y. Mexia 6700 (holotype US, isotype 

UC), Ecuador, Cotopaxi, Hacienda Solento, near 

Santa Rosa, Canton Pajile, 1000 m alt, 17-20 Nov 

1934. 

locality. 

Aphelandra flammea is perhaps nearest in relationship to A. sulphurea, but differs markedly in 

that its petioles are short, 1.2-2 cm long, the bracts 

30-32 mm long, acute, denticulate and covered with 

small inconspicuous subsessile glands, the corolla 

yellow, the upper corolla lip about 10 mm wide, 

the middle lobe of the lower corolla lip 2 cm long 

and 1 cm wide, apically obtuse, and the lateral 

lobes 6 mm wide. 

DISTRIBUTION.-Known only from the type58. Aphelandra arnoldii Mildbraed 

Aphelandra arnoldii Mildbraed, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 

11:63. 1930.-Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:153. 

1953. 

Herbs; stem short, less than 5 cm long; roots 

long and numerous, extending apparently a little 

above the ground; leaves subrosulate, crowded, 

the blades narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, 15-30 

cm long and 5.5 cm wide, short-acuminate, the tip 

obtuse, long and narrowly decurrent on the petiole, 

the upper surface short-pilose, the costa plane, 

the lateral veins (15-17 pairs) forming angles of 

about 70 degrees, arcuate, ascending; petioles 4-6 

cm long; flowers borne in spikes, the scape axillary, 

about 25 cm long, puberulous, extending above 

the rosette of leaves, the spike itself 5-8 cm long; 

bracts erect-spreading, scarcely imbricate, lanceolate, 6-8 mm long, barely 2 mm wide, acute, scarcely pungent, ciliate, the hairs erect-spreading, 

the margins bearing a few minute teeth, the internodes about 5 mm long; bractlets similar to the 

bracts but only 4 mm long and slenderly subulateacute; calyx segments thinly scarious, pale, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 4-5 mm long, the interior 

ones a little shorter than the others and noticeably 

narrower; corolla bright rosy, the tube narrowly 

cylindric, suberect, about 1 cm long, the lobes of 

the lower lip broadly rounded, broadly cuneate 

toward base, the middle one 7 mm long and 5 mm 

wide, the lateral ones slightly smaller, the posterior 

pair much smaller (2.54 mm long); stamens included, subequal; anthers oblong, obtuse, their 

tips cohering; filaments epipetalous slightly above 

the middle of the corolla tube; ovary 1.5 mm long. 

TYPE.-A. Schultze 771 (holotype B, destroyed, 

F photo 8G97), Colombia, Magdalena, in damp 

humus on wooded slope at San Lorenzo, 2150 m alt, 

Feb 1927. 

DISTRIBUTION.-At elevations above 2000 meters 

in northern Venezuela and Colombia. VENEZUELA. 

MERIDA: Quebrada La Mucuy-El Volcan, 2200 m 

alt, 15 Jan 1953, Bernardi 278 (NY). 

59. Aphelandra tondudi Leonard 

Aphelandra tonduzii Leonard, Field Mus. Pub. Bot. Ser., 18: 

1198, 1938. 

Herbs; stems to 22 cm high, simple, erect or 

ascending, hirsute or occasionally strigose; leaf 

blades ovate to elliptic, or broadly lanceolate, 7-1 1 

cm long and 4.5 cm wide, acute to obtuse or 

rounded, narrowed at the base, entire, both surfaces pilose, the hairs about 1 mm long; petioles 

to 2 cm long, pilose; flowers borne in slender, lax, 

peduncled, axillary spikes to 15 cm long, the rachis 

pilose, peduncles to 16 cm long, pubescent or 

occasionally strigose; bracts lanceolate, about 7-8 

mm long and 1.5 mm wide, tapering to a slender 

point, veiny, 3-nerved, hirsute (the hairs to 1 mm 

long) usually with a pair of minute, slender, marginal teeth, these to l mm long; bractlets subulate, 

about 4 mm long and 0.5 mm wide at the base, 

striate-nerved, subhyaline, pubescent toward the 

tip, some of the longer hairs gland-tipped; calyx 

segments 4.5 mm long, the posterior one lanceolate, 

1 mm wide, the other 4 subulate, 0.5 mm wide, all 

striate-nerved, attenuate, subhyaline and pubescent 

toward the tip with some of the longer hairs glandular; corolla 1.5 cm long, pale pink, pubescent 

within above the insertion of the stamens, the tube 

slender, glabrous, 3 mm broad at the base of the 

mouth, constricted below the middle to 1.5 mm, 

the limb 12 mm broad, the lobes obovate, rounded, 

the upper ones 34 mm long and 2-3 mm wide, 

the middle lobe of the lower lip 5-8 mm long and 

3.5-5 mm wide, the lateral ones slightly smaller, all 
62 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

sparingly puberulent without; stamens included; 

filaments 2 mm long, sparingly pubescent; anthers 

1.25 mm long, glabrous; capsule 10 mm long and 

3 mm wide, blunt, glabrous; seeds obovate, flat, 

brown, about 2.5 mm long, sparingly pubescent 

with small, short, thick hairs. 

TYPE.-A. Tonduz 13162 (holotype US), Costa 

Rica, Cartago, forest of Las Vueltas, Tucurrique, 

900-1000 m alt, Jan 1899. 

DIsTRIBUTI0N.-Endemic to Costa Rica, commonly found in moist forests above 1000 meters altitude. COSTA RICA. SAN JOSE: Vicinity of El General, 1070 m alt, Dec 1936, Skutch 3004 (US); 1100 

m alt, Feb 1939, Skutch 4212 (us). CARTACO: 

Cerro de La Carpintera, 1500-1850 m alt, Feb 

1924, Standley 34205, 34495 (US); La Carpintera, 

vicinity of Tres Rios, 1300-2000 m alt, 1 Dec 1937- 

1 Jan 1938, Allen 507 (F); Moravia-La Chanchera, 

1300 m alt. 10 Jan 1949, Lean 2391 (US). 

60. Aphelandra seibertii Leonard 

Aphelandra seibertii Leonard, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 24:205. 

1937. 

Herb to 20 cm high; the stem simple, ascending, rooting at the lower nodes, pilose, to 1 mm 

long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 2-1 1 cm long, 

1.5-3 cm wide, obtuse, narrowed at base, entire or 

undulate, both surfaces thinly pilose, the costa 

and lateral veins (6 or 7 pairs) densely so; petioles 

1-2 cm long, densely pilose; flowers borne in 1 or 

several terminal spikes 4-8 cm long, the peduncle 

3-5 cm long, densely pilose, the hairs yellowish, 

the rachis pilose; bracts obovate or oblanceolate, 

13-15 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, purplish at tip, 

closely imbricate and appressed (spreading at 

maturity), bearing above the middle on each side 

2 or 3 narrow dentate teeth to 1.5 mm long, 7- 

nerved, pilose without, glabrous to puberulent toward tip within; bractlets lanceolate, 8 mm long, 

1.5 mm wide, acuminate, carinate and conduplicate, subhyaline, delicately nerved, the costa hirsute, the margins sparingly ciliolate with minute 

capitate hairs; calyx segments subhyaline, striatenerved, the posterior segment lanceolate, 6.5 mm 

long, 1.5 mm wide, the anterior pair narrowly 

lanceolate, 6.6 mm long and 1 mm wide, the middle pair subulate, 5.5 mm long and 0.5 mm wide, 

all sparingly ciliolate with minute, capitate hairs; 

corolla yellow, 2 cm long, the lobes tipped with 

lavender, sparingly pubescent, the tube slender, 

1.5 cm long, 1.5 mm in diameter at base, about 3 

mm wide at mouth, the limb about 13 mm broad, 

the upper lip erect or spreading, obovate, 7 mm 

long, 6 mm wide, 2-lobed, the lobes 2.5 mm long 

and broad, rounded, the middle lobe of the lower 

lip obovate, 6 mm long, 5 mm wide, rounded or 

emarginate, the lateral lobes lance-subulate, 2.5 

mm wide, acute; stamens slightly exserted; ovary 

cylindric, 2.5 mm long, glabrous below, pilose at 

tip; style 17 mm long, puberulent toward base; 

capsule about 1 cm long, cylindric, glabrous except for the pilose tip, 4-seeded, the valves of the 

capsule recurved after dehiscence; retinacula 2 

mm long, cucullate at tip; seeds obovoid, acute 

at base, light brown, 3 mm long, 2.5 mm broad, 

bearing scattered, minute, short, thick, hairlike 

projections. 

TYPE.--R. J. Seibert 4 60 (holotype US), Panama, 

Cocle, vicinity of El Valle de Anton, 500-700 m 

alt, 24 Ju1 1935. 

DIsmIsuTIo;u.-Found in wet forests in deep 

shade, in Costa Rica and Panama. COSTA RICA. 

LIM~N: Plaines de La Estrella, Talamanca, Feb 

1895, Tondziz 9384 (US); La Colombiana Farm of 

the United Fruit Co., 70 m alt, 6-7 Mar 1924, 

Standley 36966, 36783 (US). PANAMA. COCL~: 

Vicinity of El Valle, 600-1000 m alt, 8 Dec 1938, 

Allen 1215- (MO, US); N rim of El Valle de Antbn, 

near Cerro Turega, 650-700 m alt, 30 Jun 1940, 

Woodson ck Schery 187 (US); 1000 m alt, 23 Jun 

1940, Allen 2175 (US); 29 Jun 1946, Allen 3548 

(MO, US). 

61. Aphelandra neesiana Wasshausen, new name 

Stenandrium aurantiacum Nees in Martius, Flor. Bras. 9:78. 

1847. [non Aphelandra aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley]. 

Lagochilium aurantiacum Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:292. 

1847. 

Erect, low shrubby plant 12-30 cm high; stem 

4-10 cm long, densely yellowish hirsute, especially 

towards the tip, leaf blades ovate, 8-12 cm long, 

4-6.5 cm wide, acute, obtuse at base, thin, repand, 

the margins ciliate, the upper surface moderately 

strigose except the costa and lateral veins (7-9 
NUMBER IS 63 

pairs), these yellowish hirsute, the lower surface 

drying a lighter green than the upper, moderately 

strigose, except the costa and lateral veins, these 

hirsute; petioles 1-3.5 cm long, the pubescence 

similar to that of the stem; flowers borne on a 

solitary, terminal spike, 5-10 cm long, 2.5 cm wide 

(without corollas), the peduncle extremely short, 

almost absent, less than 0.5 cm long, if present, 

densely yellowish hirsute, the bracts closely imbricate, spreading with age, the spike subtended by 

a pair of larger leaves; bracts obovate, 17-19 mm 

long, 14 mm wide just below the apex, purplish, 

reticulately veined, obtuse, mucronulate, cuneate 

at base, moderately pilose both within and without, 

the margins spinulose-serrate toward apex with 

about 7-9 pairs of spreading teeth, ciliolate; bractlets lanceolate, 12 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, aristate, 

subhyaline, striate-nerved, carinate, puberulous 

and sparingly pilose; calyx 1.3-1.4 cm long, the 

segments lanceolate, subequal, striate-nerved, inconspicuously puberulous, aristate-acuminate, the 

posterior segment 2 mm wide near base, the anterior pair 1.5 mm wide, the lateral pair 1 mm 

wide; corolla yellow, about 2.2 cm long, minutely 

and sparingly glandular pilose, the tube cylindric, 

11 mm long, 2 mm wide at base, thence gradually 

enlarged and infundibular, 4 mm long, 5 mm in 

diameter at mouth, the upper lip erect, obovate, 

7 mm long and 7 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 2 mm 

long and 3 mm wide, retuse, the lower lip .%lobed, 

the lobes subequal, the middle lobe obovate, 6 mm 

long, 6 mm wide, obtuse, the lateral lobes ovate, 

6 mm long, 6 mm wide, slightly retuse; anthers 3 

mm long, apiculate, apically and dorsally hirsute; 

filaments epipetalous, moderately villous; capsule 

oblong, 12 mm long, brown, apiculate, nitid, glabrous; seeds flattened, brown, 2 mm in diameter, 

fibrillose-papillose. 

TypE.-Riedel s.n. (syntype BR), Brazil, Rio de 

Janeiro, Petropolis, Serra d’Estrella. Feb and Mar 

1840. 

DISTRIBUTION.--~n the mountains around Rio de 

Janeiro. BRAZIL. RIO DE JANEIRO: 1821, Langsdorfl sen. (P); Mandiocca, 1813-29, Langsdorfl s.n. 

(LE); Dec 1822-Jan 1823, RiedeE 55 (syntype LE); 

Macahe, Jun 1832, Riedel 6. Luschnath 793 (syntype LE); Riedel Q Langsdorfl 109 (LE); 1816- 

1821, voyage d’Auguste de Saint-Hilaire s.n. (P); 

Raddi s.n. (FI). 

62. Aphelandra bahiensb (Nees) Wasshausen, 

new combination 

FIGURE 12 

Lagochiliurn bahiense Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:291. 

Lagochiliurn bahiense var. angustifolium Nees in de Candoile, 

Aphelandra atrovirens N. E. Brown, L’Illustr. Hort. 31: 107. 

1847. 

Prodr. 11:291. 1847. 

pl. 527. 1884. 

Erect, simple, herbaceous plant 30 cm high; stem 

about 15 cm long, densely strigose, especially toward the tip; leaf blades oblong-elliptic to oblong 

lanceolate, 8-9 cm long, 2.5-3.5 cm wide, acute to 

obtuse, narrowed at base, attenuate and decurrent 

on the petiole, thin, the margins entire or undulate, the upper surface glabrous except the costa 

sparingly appressed strigose, shining, the lower 

surface drying a lighter green than the upper, glabrous or minutely and sparingly puberulous, the 

costa and lateral veins (6-8 pairs) strigose, arcuate; 

petioles (unwinged portion), 1-2 cm long, the 

pubescence similar to that of the stem; flowers 

borne on a solitary, sessile, terminal spike, 2.5-1 

cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide (without corollas), the 

bracts closely imbricate, somewhat spreading with 

age, the spike supported by a pair of small leaves; 

bracts elliptic-oblong, 13-15 mm long, 5-6 mm wide 

at the middle, purplish, 5-nerved, reticulately 

veined, obtuse, apiculate, cuneate at base, puberulous without, especiallly the nerves, glabrous within, the margins spinulose-serrate toward apex with 

4-6 pairs of spreading teeth, ciliolate; bractlets 

lanceolate, 5 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, aristate, subhyaline, striate-nerved, glabrous, the margins 

ciliolate; calyx 7 mm long, the segments lancesubulate, subequal, striate-nerved, glabrous, aristateacuminate, the margins ciliolate, the posterior 

segment 1.5 mm wide near base, the anterior pair 

1.25 mm wide, the lateral pair 1 mm wide; corolla 

yellow, about 2 cm long, glabrous or the lips minutely and sparingly pilose without, the tube 

cylindric, densely villous within, 1.5 cm long, 2 

mm wide at base, thence gradually enlarged to 4 

mm in diameter at mouth, the upper lip obovate, 

4 mm long and 4 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 1 mm 

long and 1.5 mni wide, obtuse, the lower lip 3- 

lobed, the lobes equal, 4 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 

slightly retuse; anthers 2 mm long, apiculate, apically and dorsally hirsute; filaments epipetalous 
64 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

about midway in the corolla tube, moderately 

hirsute; mature capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-Blanchet 2106 (syntype G, isosyntypes 

B, destroyed, F photo 8700, P, W), Brazil, Bahia, 

Ilhkus, 1835. 

DrsTRIBuTIoN.-~nown only from around the 

type-locality. BRAZIL. BAHIA: Hort. Companie 

Continentale d’Horticulture Gand, Belgium (K, 

holotype of A. atrovirens N. E. Brown); Aug 1906, 

Cult. in Hort. Bot. Reg. Kew (K). 

Nees did not designate a type for A. bahiense 

var. angustifolium. The description simply states: 

“foliis oblongo-lanceolatsis.” 

63. Aphelundra obtusa (Nees) Wasshausen, 

new combination 

Lagochiliurn obtusum Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:86. 1947; 

in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:292. 1847. 

Simple, erect herb 30 cm high; stem about 15 

cm long, densely setulose, especially toward the tip, 

gray; leaf blades oval-oblong, 9.5-1 1.5 cm long, 

3.5-4.5 cm wide, obtuse, narrowed at base, thin, 

repand, the upper surface glabrous, shining, the 

costa and lateral veins (9-10 pairs) conspicuous, 

arcuate, the lower surface drying a paler green 

than the upper, glabrous except the costa and 

lateral veins, these strigose; petioles 0.5-1.5 cm 

long, the pubescence similar to that of the stem; 

flowers borne on a solitary, sessile, terminal spike, 

7-9 cm long, 2 cm wide (without corollas), the 

bracts closely imbricate, spreading with age, the 

spike subtended by a pair of large leaves; bracts 

elliptic, 18-19 mm long, 8-9 mm wide just above 

the middle, purplish, brown to dark brown when 

dry, striate-nerved, acuminate, cuneate at base, 

glabrous both within and without, the margins 

spinulose-serrate from about the middle to the 

apex with about 21-25 pairs of spreading teeth; 

bractlets lanceolate, 3 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, acuminate, subhyaline, striate-nerved, glabrous, the 

margins ciliolate; calyx 6 mm long, the segments 

subulate, subequal, striate-nerved, glabrous, aristateacuminate, the margins inconspicuously glandularpilose, the posterior segment 1.5 mm wide near base, 

the anterior pair 1 mm wide, the lateral pair 0.75 

mm wide; corolla yellow, about 2.5 cm long, glabrous, the tube narrow, short, the upper lip 5 mm 

long, bifid, the lobes equal, the lower lip 3-parted, 

the lobes subequal, the middle lobe longer and 

broader than the lateral lobes, these equal, 5 mm 

long; anthers slightly apiculate, glabrous; filaments 

epipetalous, connate to middle of the tube; capsule 

oblong, 10 mm long, brown, apiculate, nitid, glabrous; seeds not seen. 

TYPE.-Pohl 6031 (holotype W), Brazil, GoiPs, 

“Porto d’Acunha.” 

DrsTR1BUTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality. 

Aphelandra obtusa is related to A. obtusifolia 

but distinguishable by its narrower, elliptic, striatenerved bracts and relatively narrower leaves. The 

bracts of A. obtusifolia are 14 mm wide, reticulateveined and ciliate, those of this species only 8-9 

mm wide at the most, striate-nerved and glabrous. 

64. Aphelandra goodspeedii Standley & Barkley 

APhelandra goodspeedii Standley & Barkley, Madrono 9: 154. 

1948. 

Eranthemum igneurn Linden, Cat. 1867:5. 1867.-van Houtte, 

F1. Serres 17, pl. 1722. 1867.-Morren, Rev. Hort. 1:491. 

1867. 

Chamaeranthemurn igneum (Linden) Regel, Gartenflora 17: 

353, pl. 598. 1868. 

Stenandrium’ igneum (Linden) Andre, Ill. Hort 24: 10, pl. 266. 

1877. [non Stenandrium igneum Nees, 18471. 

Stenandrium pictum N. E. Brown, Ill. Hort. 38:91. 1891 [nom. 

nov.]. 

Xantheranthemurn igneurn (Linden) Lindau, Engl. Jahrb. 

18:54. 1894. 

Prostrate perennial herb to 15 cm high; stems 

simple, subascending, rooting at the lower nodes, 

setose; leaf blades spatulate to lanceolate, 3-8 cm 

long, 0.9-2.4 cm wide, obtusely rounded, cuneate 

and decurrent at base, subcoriaceous, entire or 

subundulate, when dry bluish above, grayish below, 

except whitish along costa and lateral veins, setose 

on both surfaces but more abundantly so below; 

petioles 2-4 mm long, densely pilose; flowers borne 

in one or more terminal spikes about 4.5 cm long, 

the peduncle about 0.8 cm long, pilose like the 

rachis, stem, and petioles; bracts green, lanceolate, 

acuminate, repand-serrate toward tip with about 5 

pairs of teeth, 3.5-4 mm wide, and 12 mm long, in 

fruit ovate-lanceolate, about 4 mm wide, 12 mm 

long, hirsute on the outer surface; bractlets lanceolate, acuminate, entire, puberulent, membranaceoussubhyaline, about 4.5 mm long; calyx segments 

lanceolate, acuminate, entire, minutely ciliate on 
NUMBER 18 65 

the margins, subhyaline, delicately striate-nerved, 

about 4.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, the lateral pair 4.5 

mm long and 0.75 mm wide; corolla yellow, glabous to sparingly puberulent, the tube 2 cm long, 

2 mm wide at base, 4.5 mm wide at mouth, the 

upper lip 4 mm long, the tip divided into obtuse 

lobes 1.5 mm long and 2 mm wide, the lower lip 

3-lobed, the middle lobe suborbicular, 5 mm long 

and 6 mm wide, the lateral lobes obovate, 3.5 mm 

wide; stamens barely reaching the mouth of the 

corolla tube; anthers 2 mm long, obtuse, bearing 

tufts of long weak hairs; filaments pilose; ovary 

and style glabrous; capsule about 7.5 mm long, 

glabrous; valves recurved after dehiscence; seeds 

four. 

TYPE.-H. E. Stork 6. 0. B. Horton 9597 (holotype UC), Peru, Huanuco, 10 km downstream from 

Tingo Maria, 630 m alt, 2 Nov 1938. 

DIsTRIsuTIoN.-Deep humus shade, Andean Peru, 

at elevations between 300-1100 meters, in the departments of San Martin, Huanuco, Cusco, and 

Madre de Dios. PERU. SAN MARTIN: Tingo Maria, 

near Cueva de las Lechugas, 625-1 100 m alt, 30 Oct 

1949-19 Feb 1950, Allard 21400 (US); Tingo 

Maria, 12 Aug 1940, Asplund 12991 (S). HUANUCO: 

Posuso, Ju1 186?, Pearce 277, 588 (K); Pachitea: 

Honoria, road to Agamiria, 300 m alt, 17 Nov 1966, 

Schunke 1238 (F, US); road to Shahuinto to 3 km 

from Iparia camp, 5 Apr 1967, Schunke 1818 (F, 

US); Puerto Inca, trail to the Shiringal Agua Dolce 

camp, 6 Dec 1968, Schunke 2819 (F, US). CUSCO: 

Paucartambo: Between Pilcopata and Keros, 680 

m alt, 28 Ju1 1965, Vargas 16354 (US); between 

Keros and Kosnipata, 750 m alt, 7 Feb 1966, Vaygas 

17866 (US). MADRE DE DIOS: Rio Acre, Nov 1911, 

UZe 9828 (K). CULTIVATED MATERIAL. Kew, 5 

Sep 1891, (holotype of Stenandrium picturn N. E. 

Brown ) . 

65. Aphelandra maculata (Tafalla ex Nees) Voss 

FIGURE 14 

Aphelandra maculata (Tafalla ex Nees) Voss, Vilmorin’s 

Blumeng. ed. 3, 1:819. 1894. 

Lagochilium maculatum Tafalla ex Nees, in de Candolle, 

Prodr. 11:290. 1847. 

Stenandrium lindeni N. E. Brown, Ill. Hort. 38:91, pl. 136. 

1891. 

Stenandriurn X beeckmanianum L. Linden, 111. Hort. 39: 121, 

pl. 166. 1892 [hybrid of cross between Stenandrium picturn 

8 and S. lindeni 91. 

Herb 15-16 cm high; stems prostrate, rooting at 

the base, sparingly branched, about 3 mm in diameter, puberulous; leaf blades oblong, 9-15 cm long, 

3-5 cm wide, obtusely rounded, gradually narrowed 

from slightly above the middle to base and decurrent on the petiole, thin, entire or subundulate, 

the upper surface grayish olive except along the 

costa and lateral veins here distinctly marked with 

deep greenish yellow spots, the lower surface light 

purple, glabrous or sparingly and inconspicuously 

strigillose both above and below; petioles 10-15 

mm long, densely sericeous; flowers borne in one 

or more lax, terminal, cylindric spikes, these 4-6 

cm long, the peduncle slender, purplish, 2-3 cm 

long, densely sericeous, the rachis flat, puberulous; 

bracts greenish yellow, imbricate, spreading with 

age, oblong-oval, 12 mm long, 5 mm wide, acuminate, slightly narrowed at base, the outer surface 

sparingly puberulous, the margins repand-serrate 

just above the middle of the bract bearing 4 pairs 

of ascending teeth (0.5-1 mm long); bractlets 

lanceolate, carinate, membranaceous-subhyaline, 3 

mm long and 0.5 mm wide, sparingly ciliate; 

calyx segments lanceolate, the posterior segment 

6 mm long and 1.2 mm wide near base, the anterior pair 6 mm long and 0.8 mm wide at base, the 

lateral pair 6 mm long and 0.5 mm wide, all 

membranaceous, narrowed upwardly to a slender 

tip, the margins sparingly ciliate; corolla yellow, 

pale green when dry, 2.2-2.3 cm long, sparingly 

and inconspicuously glandular pilose, the tube 1.5 

mm broad from base to 1 cm above base, thence 

enlarged (abruptly) to 4.5 mm at throat, the upper 

lip obovate, 4.5 mm long and 6 mm wide, bilobed, 

the lobes 1.5 mm long and 2.5 mm wide, obtuse, 

the lower lip 3-lobed, subequal, the middle lobe 

obovate, 3.5 mm long, 5 mm wide, retuse, the lateral lobes obovate, 4 mm long, 3 mm wide, obtuse; 

anthers 2 mm long, obtuse, bearing tufts of long 

weak hairs; filaments epipetalous, glabrous; ovary 

and style glabrous; capsule greenish yellow, clavate, 

9 mm long, 2 mm broad, glabrous, minutely 

punctate; seeds muricate, dark brown, 2 mm long 

and 1.5 mm broad. 

LECTOTYPE.--HUZI 34 (holotype K), Ecuador, 

Guayaquil, Caniguo. 

DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Deep shade of dense woods, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. ECUADOR. CHIMBORAZO: 

El Limhn, Ju1 1860, Spruce s.n. (K). PERU. sAN 

MART~N: Mariscal Caceres: Tocache Nuevo, La 
66 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BbTANY 

Campinna, 400 m alt, 9 Sep 1969, Schunke 3407 

(F, US); Tocache Nuevo, Puerto Pizana, 15 Jan 

1971, Schunke 4658 (F, US); forest near Cerro de 

Cumbasso, Mar 1903, UZe 6818 (HBG). AYACUCHO: 

Estrella, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 500 

m alt, 8, 14 May 1929, Killip 6. Smith 23088 (US); 

La Mar: Hacienda Luisiana, 585 m alt, 8 Jun 1968, 

Dudley 10020 (NA). BOLIVIA. LA PAZ: IxiamasTumupasa trail, 450 m alt, 1901-1902, WiZZiams 

298 (NY); Tumupasa, 450 m alt, 4 Dec 1921, Cardenas 1954 (NY). CULTIVATED MATERIAL: Cult. in 

Hort. Bot. Kew, Dec 1893, (holotype of Stenandrium lindeni N. E. Brown). 

66. Aphelandra siluicola Leonard 

Aphelandra silvicola Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 

157. 1953. 

Herbs; stems ascending, sparingly branched, 

about 25 cm high, rooting at the lower nodes, 

strigose; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, 9-1 2 cm 

long and 4 cm wide, obtuse to obtusish, narrowed 

at base, thin, entire, both surfaces thinly strigose 

except the costa, this densely so, the hairs about 

0.5 mm long, the costa and veins (7 or 8 pairs) 

banded by a narrow area of white or yellow; petioles to 4 cm long, winged, strigose; flowers borne 

in terminal, peduncled spikes, these 2 cm long and 

1.5 cm broad, the peduncle 3 cm long, both peduncle and rachis appressed-pubescent; bracts 

green, imbricate, somewhat spreading, ovate, 1 cm 

long, 4.5 mm wide, acute or obtusish, bearing toward the tip 2 or 3 small triangular-ascending 

teeth, 7-nerved, softly puberulent; bractlets broadly 

lanceolate, 6.5 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, acuminate, 

hyaline and finely parallel-nerved, glabrous except 

the opaque, pubescent costa; calyx segments 

lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, subhyaline, finely 

parallel-nerved, minutely ciliolate with glandtipped hairs, the posterior segment 6 mm long and 

1.5 mm wide, the anterior pair slightly shorter, 1 

mm wide, the lateral pair 5 mm long and 0.5 mm 

wide; corolla yellow, 2.5 cm long, sparingly pubescent, the tube narrow, 2 mm in diameter at base, 

4 mm at throat, the lobes suborbicular, subequal, 

about 3 or 4 mm long; stamens included; capsule 

not seen. 

TYPE.-Sneidern 923 (holotype S, US photo 

3647), Colombia, Cauca, primitive forest of El 

Tambo, La Costa, 800 m alt, 31 Ju1 1936. 

locality. 

DIsTRIsuTIoN.-Known only from the type67. Aphelandra maximiliana (Nees) Bentham 

FIGURE 5 

Aphelandra maximilianu (Nees) Bentham in Bentham & 

Hooker, Genera Plantarum 2, pt. 2. 1103. 1876.-Lindau 

in Engler & Prantl, Naturl. Pflanzenfam. 4. Abt. 3b:322. 

1895. 

Lagochiliurn maximiliatiurn Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:85. 

1847; in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:293. 1847. 

Shrubby plant; stems straight, trichotomously 

branched, terete and glabrous below, subquadrangular and strigillose above; leaf blades ellipticoblong, 18-25 cm long, 4 cm wide, acuminate, 

narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, 

rather firm, entire or subrepand, shining above, 

tomentulose beneath, the costa and lateral veins 

(10-15 pairs) conspicuous but not protruding on 

either surface, the veins transversely connected; 

petioles (unwinged portion) 1.5-2 cm long, canaliculate, glabrous; flowers borne in 1-5, dense, terminal spikes, these 6-10 cm long, about 2 cm broad, 

the bracts closely imbricate; bracts rigid, scarious, 

thick-nerved, obovate, 8-13 mm long, 6-8 mm wide 

below the tip, cuspidate, cuneate at base, setaceousserrate with 6-8 teeth on each side, dorsally pubescent; bractlets lanceolate, 5-7 mm long, 2 mm 

wide, long-acuminate, striate-nerved, carinate, dorsally pubescent; calyx 6-7 mm long, the posterior 

segment lance-subulate, 2 mm wide, acuminate, 

the anterior pair lanceolate, 1.5 mm wide, slenderly acuminate, the lateral pair carinate, 1 mm 

wide, long-acuminate, all segments striate-nerved, 

dorsally sparingly pilosulous; corolla tubular, 2.5 

cm long, red, glandular-pilose without, the tube 

cylindric, 3 mm broad at base, the upper narrowly 

ampliate, about 4 mm broad at mouth, the limb 

slightly oblique, the corolla lips short, ovate, the 

upper slightly shorter than the lower, the upper 

lip erect, 2 mm long and 2 mm wide, entire, 

obtusely and retrorsely rounded, the lower lip 3- 

lobed, the lobes erect, the middle lobe broadest, 2 

mm long, 3 mm wide, obtuse at apex, the two 

lateral lobes 2 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, obtuse; 

stamens included, not reaching the mouth of the 

corolla tube; anthers 4 mm long, hirsute, apicu- 
NUMBER 18 67 

late, filaments 12 mm long, glabrous to sparingly 

hirsute; capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-Maximilian Prinz zu Wied-Neuwied s.n. 

(syntype BR), Brazil, Espirito Santo: Arassatibae 

near Barra de Jacu, 1816. Sellow sen. (K), 233 (syntype B, destroyed, F photo 8710), Brazil, without 

locality. 

DIsTRIBUTION.-Known only from the typelocality. 

In the original description Nees states that Aphelandra maximilianu is related to A. obtusa but 

distinct from it. 

68. Aphelandra ferreyrae Wasshausen 

Aphelandra ferreyrae Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:465. 1973. 

Herb about 50 cm high; stem terete, rather sparingly appressed puberulent; leaf blades oblongelliptic, 21-25 cm long and 6-7 cm wide, acuminate 

at apex, the tip itself blunt, cuneate at base, green, 

entire or obscurely crenate, glabrous or sparingly 

pilosulous, the hairs confined chiefly to the costa 

and lateral veins (about 12 pairs on each side of 

the costa); petioles to 6 cm long, minutely pilosulous; flowers borne in several, opposite spikes, 

these borne in the axils of the upper leaf blades, 

15-18 cm long and 10-15 mm wide, the bracts 

rather loosely imbricate, the rachis and peduncles 

(3-5 cm long), puberulent, the hairs appressed or 

spreading toward tip of spike; bracts oblongobovate, 10-13 mm long, 6 mm wide, acuminate, 

abruptly apiculate at tip, firm, green, puberulent, 

5-7-nerved from middle to within 2 mm of tip, 

the nerves ending in about 6 erect-spreading, 

spiny teeth, these slender, to 1.5 mm long; bractlets oblong, 7 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, acute, pubescent toward tip, striate-nerved; posterior calyx 

segment about 8 mm long and 2.5 mm wide, the 

others 7 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, all oblong, 

acute, ciliolate toward tip, striate-nerved; corolla 

yellow, minutely pubescent, 2-2.5 cm long, the tube 

2-3 mm wide at base, gradually enlarged to 6 mm 

at mouth, slightly curved, the lips subequal, the 

upper one obovate, 4-5 mm long and 6-10 mm 

wide, 2-lobed, the lobes 2-4 mm long, 3-5.5 mm 

wide, obtuse at apex, the lower lip %lobed, the 

middle lobe 4-7 mm long and 5-7 mm wide, the 

lateral lobes similar but smaller, all rounded or 

emarginate at apex; stamens included; filaments 

1 cm long, pubescent; anthers 3 mm long; ovary 

glabrous below, pubescent at tip; style about as 

long as the stamens, rather sparingly pilosulous; 

capsule not seen. 

TYPE.--R. Ferreyra 4333 (holotype US), Peru, 

HuPnuco, Puento Tulumayo, between Tingo Maria 

and Divisoria, 700-750 m alt, 24 Ju1 1948. 

DISTRIBUTION.-Dense forests, Amazonian Peru 

in the departments of Loreto and Huanuco. PERU. 

LORETO: Between Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto 

(lower Rio Huallaga basin), 135-150 m alt, 26-31 

Aug 1929, Killip Q A. C. Smith 28254 (US). HuhNUCO: Huanuco, Rio Monzon, near Tingo Maria,

700 m alt, 21 Jun 1953, Ferreyra 9303 (US); Tingo 

Maria, marshy forest, 5 Aug 1940, Asplund 12745 

(S); Leoncio Prado, 5 km S of Tingo Maria, 672 m 

alt, 4 Ju1 1969, Schunke 3271 (F, US). 

Aphelandra ferreyrae is closely affiliated with A. 

paruiflora, a Colombian species. It is easily separated from A. paruiflora by its green leaf blades 

and larger floral parts. In A. parviflora the leaf 

blades are purple beneath, the corolla 1.5 cm long 

or less, the bractlets lance-subulate and 3.5 mm 

long, and the calyx segments barely 6 mm long. In 

contrast, the corolla of this new Peruvian species 

is 2-2.5 cm long, the bractlets oblong and 7 mm 

long, and the calyx segments 7-8 mm long. 

This species is named in honor of Sr. Ram6n 

Ferreyra, of the University of San Marcos, in recognition of his invaluable service to Peruvian 

botany. 

69. Aphelandra tessmannii Mildbraed 

Aphelandra tessmatinii Mildbraed, Notizbl. 9:985. 1926. 

Low herb to 17 cm high, the stem simple, subligneous, terete, glabrescent toward base, quadrangular with obtuse angles and densely strigose toward tip; leaf blades oblongelliptic, about 9 cm 

long and 3 cm wide, obtuse at both ends, entire, 

strigose with stiff subappressed hairs which are 

densest on the costa and lateral nerves (about 8 

on each side of the costa); petioles about 1.5 cm 

long, pilose; spike terminal, about 7 cm long, peduncle very short; bracts elliptic or somewhat 

obovate-elliptic, 15 mm long, 7 mm wide, acuminate, margin and outer surface silky-hirsute, glabrous within, inconspicuously denticulate; bractlets 

11 mm long, 1.5 mm wide just above the base, nar- 
68 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

rowed to a slender tip, pubescent without with a 

mixture of long silky hairs and short glandular 

hairs; calyx segments similar but sparingly glandular pilose, the posterior segment broader than 

the anterior and lateral segments; corolla white, 

glandular-puberulent, the tube about 18 mm long, 

slightly enlarged, the upper lip about 7 mm long, 

oblong, the tip divided into 2 short obtuse lobes, 

the lobes of the lower lip divided to base, subequal, 

6-7 mm long and about 2 mm wide; filaments 

about 14 mm long, pilose toward base; anthers 2.5 

mm long; ovary glabrous below, pilose above; style 

about 22 mm long, sparingly pilose. 

TYPE.-G. Tessmann 4778 (holotype B, lost, F 

photo 8679), Peru, Upper Marafion, Puerto Melendez, below Pongo de Manseriche, 155 m alt, 17 

Dec 1924. Bracts green, flowers white, anthers bright 

ochre. 

DIsmIsuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality. 

Aphelandra tessmannii is characterized by the 

long appressed straight strigose hairs of the stem 

and leaf blades and the silky pubescence of the 

bracts. This description was compiled from the 

original; no material is available except a photo 

of the holotype. 

70. Aphelandra mollis (Nees) Leonard 

Aphelandra mollis (Nees) Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 

Lagochilium molle Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:292. 1847. 

31:154. 1953. 

Decumbent herb; stems about 2.5 mm in diameter, pubescent, the hairs sordid; leaf blades ovate, 

to 11 cm long and 6 cm wide, the greatest width 

at about 1/4 the length of the blade from base, 

rather gradually narrowed thence to the obtuse 

tip, obtuse rounded or shallowly and obliquely 

cordate at base and narrowly decurrent on the 

petiole nearly to the stem, thin, entire or undulate, 

the upper surface glabrous or sparingly pilose, 

minutely faveolate under lens, the costa and lateral veins (8-10 pairs) inconspicuous, arcuate, the 

lower surface drying a lighter green than theupper, sparingly pilose; petioles to 6 cm long, the 

pubescence similar to that of the stems; flowers 

borne in 1 or 2 simple terminal lax spikes, these 

6-11 cm long, the peduncle to 6 cm long, pilose; 

bracts green, oblongovate, to 14 mm long and 5 

mm wide, acute, the tip obtuse, narrowed at base, 

thin, glabrous or sparingly pilosulous, the margins 

spinulose-serrate above middle, sparingly ciliolate; 

bractlets subulate, costate, subhyaline, ciliate; 

calyx 5 mm long, the posterior segment broadly 

lanceolate, 1.25 mm wide, obtuse and apiculate, 

the middle and anterior pairs lanceolate, 1 mm 

wide, slenderly acuminate, all subhyaline, striatenerved, glabrous, ciliolate; corolla 2.2 cm long, 

glabrous to sparingly puberulent, a bright, soft 

yellow, the lower portion cylindric, 1 mm broad, 

the upper narrowly ampliate, about 5 mm broad 

at mouth, the lobes subequal, 6-7 mm long, the 

lower lobe about 6 mm wide, the others about 3 

mm wide, all rounded, the margins undulate: stamens 10-15 mm long; anthers 2 mm long, 0.25 mm 

wide, contiguous at least at tip by a webby tomentum; capsules 1 cm long, about 2 mm broad, 

pointed, glabrous, puncticulate, potentially 4- 

seeded; seeds brown, 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, about 

1 mm thick, sparingly brown hirtellous. 

TYPE.-Goudot s.n. (holotype K, isotype P), 

Colombia, Cundinamarca: May 1844. 

DIsmIsuTIoN.-Andean Colombia in the departments of Santander and Cundinamarca. COLOMBIA. 

SANTANDER: Camp Mesa, in the vicinity of Barranca, Magdalena Valley, between Rio Sogamoso and 

Rio Colorado, 100-500 m alt, 5 Jan' 1935, Huught 

1497 (US). 

71. Aphelandra quadrifaria Leonard 

Aphelandra quadrifaria Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 

31:709. 1958. 

Erect herbs to 35 cm high; stems suberect or 

ascending, subterete, strigose, the internodes to 

5 cm long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, to 10 cm 

long and 4.5 cm wide, subobtuse, cuneate at base 

and decurrent on the petiole, moderately firm, 

entire or undulate, sparingly hirsute, the hairs to 

0.5 mm long, confined chiefly to the costa and 

lateral veins (9-10 pairs), these and the coarsely 

reticulate veinlets moderately prominent beneath, 

obscure above; petioles to 1.5 cm long, hirtellous, 

the hairs resembling those on the stem; spikes 

terminal, to 3 cm long and 1.5-2 cm broad (excluding spread of corollas), dense, the peduncles about 

2 mm long, densely sericeous-strigose; bracts 

green, subchartaceous, ovate, 11-12 mm long and 
NUMBER 18 

7 mm wide at middle, the lower half entire, the 

upper half serrate, the teeth (about 5) ascending, 

abruptly acuminate from a broad base, about 1 

mm long, the bracts acute and-apiculate, the base 

broadly cuneate, both surfaces glabrous, the costa 

and 1 or 2 pairs of lateral nerves prominent, veinlets coarsely and prominently reticulate; bractlets 

lanceolate, subhyaline, subchartaceous, 4.5 mm 

long, 0.75 mm wide just above base, acuminate, 

carinate, minutely ciliolate, the costa prominent 

and bearing a few small hairs; calyx segments 

lanceolate, 7 mm long, subchartaceous and subhyaline, acute and terminating in weak spines about 

1 mm long, glabrous to inconspicuously ciliolate, 

delicately striate-nerved, the posterior segment 

about 2 mm wide, the lateral segments 1 mm wide, 

the anterior ones 1.5 mm wide; corolla yellow, 

sparingly hirtellous, 2-2.5 cm long, the tube 2 mm 

wide at base, narrowed to 1.25 mm at 2 mm above 

base, the throat 4-5 mm broad, the lips ascending, 

about equal, 6-7 mm long, the upper lip cuneate, 

about 6 mm wide near tip, bilobed, the lobes 3 mm 

long, 3.5-4 mm wide, rounded, the lower lip 3- 

lobed, the lobes obovate, about 5 nim long, the 

middle lobe 7 mm wide, the lateral ones 3.5-4 mm 

wide, all rounded; stamens slightly exserted but 

not exceeding the lips; anthers 2.5-3 mm long, 

glabrous except the arachnoid cohering tips; filaments sparingly pilose; ovary glabrous; capsules 

not seen. 

TYPE.-Grunt 981 1 (holotype US, isotype US), 

Colombia, Cundinamarca, Cordillera Oriental, in 

the San Antonio Valley, 15 km SE of Gutierrez and 

60 km S of Bogota, 1575 m alt, 2 Aug 1944. 

DIsmIsuTIoN.-Andean Colombia in the departments of Antioquia, Caldas, and Cundinamarca. 

COLOMBIA. ANTIOQUIA: In forest shade on the Rio 

Verde, 1350-1500 m alt, 27 June 1880, Kalbreyer 

1849 (K). CALDAS: Above Villavicencio, 850 m ah, 

20 Mar 1939, Alston 7655 (BM, US). 

72. Aphelandra fosbergii Leonard 

Aphelandra fosbergii Leonard, Contrib. 1J.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 

711. 1958. 

Herbs to 30 cm high; stems subterete, ascending, rooting at the lower nodes, hirsute, light 

brown, to 1.5 mm long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 

to 6.5 cm long and 2 cm wide, short-acuminate, the 

tip subacute, narrowed at base and decurrent on 

the petiole, moderately firm, entire or undulate, 

both surfaces hirsute, the hairs to 1.25 mm long, 

light brownish, the costa and lateral veins (about 

6 pairs) more or less prominent beneath (hidden 

somewhat by the pubescence), obscure above; 

petioles about 0.5 cm long, pilose; spikes terminal, 

solitary, about 1.5 cm long and broad, the rachis 

densely brownish pilose; bracts ovate, herbaceous, 

20 mm long and 16 mm wide (at least the lowermost pair), acuminate, the margins ciliate (the 

hairs up to 1 mm long) and bearing about 4 slender ascending teeth up to (the lowermost) 4 mm 

long, the upper or inner surface glabrous sparingly 

hirsute at base, the lower or outer surface hirsute, 

the hairs mostly borne in the costal region but 

diminishing toward the margins; bractlets narrowly lanceolate, 12.5 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, 

striate-nerved, the inner surface glabrous, the 

outer hirsute, the hairs to 1.5 mm long; calyx 12 

mm long, the segments narrowly lanceolate, the 

upper half hirsute and ciliate, the lower half 

glabrous, in other respects resembling the bractlets; corolla rose, sparingly puberulent, 2.2 cm 

long, narrowly hypocrateriform, the lower part of 

the tube about 1 mm broad, the mouth 2.5 mm 

broad, the lips subequal, about 8 mm long, ascending, the upper obcordate, about 6 mm wide, the 

lower 3-lobed, the lobes suborbicular, about 3 mm 

long, the middle one 4 mm wide, the lateral 3 mm 

wide, all rounded; stamens reaching the mouth 

of the corolla tube; anthers about 1.5 mm long; 

ovary tipped by a few straight erect white hairs 

about 0.38 mm long; capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-Grant Q Fosberg 9319 (holotype US), 

Colombia, Cundinamarca, Cordillera Oriental, at 

San Isidro, 8 km S of Gachala, 2450 m alt, 26 May 

1944. 

DIsTRIauTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality. 

73. Aphelandra parviflora Leonard 

Aphelandra pamiflora Leonard, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 25: 

439. 1935; Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:153. 1953. 

Herbs 25-35 cm high; stems ascending, rooting 

at the lower nodes, strigose; leaves usually several, 

the blades oblong, to 25 cm long and 18 cm wide, 

elliptic, obtuse, cuneate at base, decurrent on the 
70 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

petioles, entire or undulate, purple beneath, sparingly strigillose, except the costa and lateral veins 

(15-18 pairs), these strigose; petioles slender, to 6 

cm long, strigillose; spikes slender, to 13 cm long, 

about 1 cm in diameter, the peduncles to 12 cm 

long, strigose, bearing a pair of bractlike leaves 

about 2 cm below the base of the spike; bracts 

green, rather loosely imbricate, erect-spreading, 

elliptic, 1 cm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, acuminate, ending in an obtuse tip, firm, veiny, sparingly strigose, 

bearing on each side several erect-spreading teeth 

to 1.5 mm long; bractlets lance-subulate, 3.5 mm 

long, 1 mm wide at base, thin, subhyaline, nerved; 

calyx segments narrowly oblong, acuminate, subequal, 5-6 mm long, the posterior one 2 mm wide, 

the anterior pair 1.5 mm wide, the lateral pair 1 

mm wide, all subhyaline, striate-nerved, glandularciliolate; corolla pale yellow, 1-1.5 cm long, obliquely funnel-form, sparingly puberulent, the 

tube 1 mm broad at base, about 4 mm broad at 

mouth, the limb about 8 mm broad, the lips equal, 

the upper one 2-lobed, 5.4 mm wide, the lower 3- 

lobed, the lobes orbicular, 4.5 mm in diameter; 

stamens included. 

TYPE.-A. E. Lawrance 202 (holotype K, US 

photo, isotypes MO, NY, US), Colombia, Boyaci, 

in region of Mount Chapbn, 100 m NW of Bogoti, 

1050 m alt, 10 Jun 1932. 

DIsTRIBuTI0N.-Known only from the typelocality. 

74. Aphelundra ochrolarynx Leonard 

Aphelandra ochrolarynx Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 

31:160. 1953. 

Herbs; stem ascending, to 7 cm high, moderately 

hirtellous; the leaves usually about 10, somewhat 

crowded at the tip of the stem, the blades oblongovate or oblong-elliptic, to 12 cm long and 5.5 cm 

wide, subacute, narrowed at base, submembranaceous, entire or undulate, the upper surface 

densely pilose, the hairs to 1 mm long, yellowish, 

the costa and lateral veins (8-10 pairs) obscure, 

the lower surface appressed pilose, the hairs about 

0.75 mm long, more numerous on the costa and 

lateral nerves; petioles to 2 cm long, densely pilose, 

the hairs about 1 mm long; spikes several, terminal 

and subterminal, 8-11 cm long, lax at maturity, 

the peduncles (to 5 cm long) and rachises rather 

densely yellowish pilose; bracts erect or ascending, 

spreading at maturity, oblong-rhombic, to 15 mm 

long and 6 mm wide, acuminate, pilose (the hairs 

about 1 mm long), the margins bearing 3 pairs of 

slender ascending teeth to 3 mm long and 0.25 mm 

wide at base; bractlets oblong-lanceolate, to 1 cm 

long and 2 mm wide, acuminate, subcarinate, 

moderately pilose dorsally, finely and obscurely 

parallel-nerved; calyx segments narrowly linearlanceolate, acuminate, finely striate, obscurely and 

sparingly ciliolate with glandular hairs, the posterior segment 7 mm long, 1 mm wide, the anterior 

segments 6.5 mm long and slightly over 0.75 mm 

wide, the lateral segments 6 mm long and 0.75 mm 

wide; corolla about 1.5 cm long, white with a 

yellow patch in front of the throat, finely and 

sparingly pubescent, the lips about 5 mm long, 

the lobes ovate, rounded or shallowly emarginate; 

stamens exserted about 4 mm beyond the mouth 

of the corolla throat; anthers 1.5 mm long and 

0.5 mm wide, webby at tip; filaments glabrous; 

capsule not seen. 

TYPE.--. A. Sprugue 601 (holotype K, US photo 3628), Colombia, Putumayo, San JosC, along Rio 

Putumayo, 3 Aug 1899. 

DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality. 

75. Aphelandra rigida Glaziou ex Mildbraed 

Aphelandra rigida Glaziou ex Mildbraed, Notizbl. Bot. Gard. 

Aphelandra rigida Glaziou, Bull. SOC. Bot. France, 58, Mbm. 

Berlin 11:65. 1930. 

3f:535. 1911 [nomen tantum]. 

Sub-shrub, to 1 m high or more; stems terete, 

rigid, glabrous, shining, palely straw-yellow, barely 

3 mm thick; leaf blades narrowly lanceolate, 12-21 

cm long and 2-3 cm wide, long acuminate, narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, rather 

firm, entire, both surfaces usually glabrous, the 

costa and lateral veins (12-14 pairs) conspicuous 

but not protruding on either surface, the veins 

transversely connected, the lower surface drying 

a lighter olive-green; petioles (unwinged portion) 

1.5-2 cm long, canaliculate, glabrous; flowers borne 

in a dense, solitary and terminal or several, then 

terminal and subterminal spikes, 6-10 cm long, 

about 2 cm broad, the rachis glabrous; bracts red, 

rigid, scarious, thick-nerved, ovate, lanceolate, 14- 

17 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, extremely long 

subulate-acuminate, cuneate at base, the margin 
NUMBER 18 71 

spinose-dentate, with 5-7 erect, somewhat spreading teeth on both sides, these 2.5 mm long, mucronulate, glabrous both within and without; 

bractlets lanceolate, 10-11 mm long, 2 mm wide 

near the base, long-acuminate, striate-nerved, subhyaline, carinate, glabrous or the keel sparingly 

puberulous; calyx 13-14 mm long, the posterior 

segment triangular, 4.5 mm wide at base, longacuminate, mucronulate, the anterior pair lanceolate, 2.5 mm wide, slenderly acuminate, the lateral 

pair carinate, 2 mm wide, long-acuminate, all 

segments striate-nerved, glabrous both within and 

without; corolla tubular, about 1.7 cm long, red, 

moderately glandular-pilose without, the tube 

cylindric, 2.5 mm wide at base, the upper narrowly 

ampliate, about 2.5 mm broad at mouth, the lips 

somewhat short, equal, ovate, the upper lip erect, 

2 mm long and 2 mm wide, bilobed at middle, the 

lobes obtusely rounded, the lower lip 3-lobed, the 

lobes erect, the middle lobe broadest, 2 mm long, 

1.5 mm wide, obtuse, the two lateral lobes 2 mm 

long, 1 mm wide, obtuse; stamens included, not 

reaching the mouth of the corolla tube; anthers 

3 mm long; filaments epipetalous just above the 

corolla base, 8 mm long; pollen grains narrowly 

oblong, 85p long, 30p wide; capsule narrowly 

ovoid, chestnut-colored, shining, apiculate, 8-9 mm 

long, 3 mm thick; seeds flattened, 2 mm in diameter, dense, short, fibrillose-papillose. 

TYPE.-Glaziou 18400 (holotype B, destroyed, F 

photo 8714, isotypes K, LE, P), Brazil, Rio de 

Janeiro, Alto Macahe de Novo Friburgo, 15 Jun 

1891. F photo 8714 bears the name “Aphelandra 

stenophylla Mildbr. nov. spec XI, 1930,” which is 

a herbarium name only. 

DIsTRIBUTIoN.-Known only from type-locality. 

BRAZIL. RIO DE JANEIRO: Frade de Macahe, 17-21 

Jun 1937, Brade 15829 (RB, US). 

Aphelandra rigida is closely related to A. maximiliana, differing from the latter, however, in the 

size and shape of the leaf blades and bracts. In 

A. maximiliana the leaf blades are elliptic-oblong 

and wider (about 4 cm) and the bracts are smaller 

and much shorter at the apex. 

76. Aphelundra caput-medusae Lindau 

Aphelandra caput-medusae Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser., 

2 (4):325. 1904. 

Plants unbranched herbs, 10-20 cm high; the 

stem pubescent; leaves scattered near the base of 

the stem, crowded near the apex, the blades elliptic, 5-10 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, apically rounded, 

basally somewhat narrowed, entire or undulate, 

sparingly pilose above, pubescent below, especially 

near the lateral veins, obscurely green and striae 

somewhat palely marked; petioles 1-3 cm long, 

pubescent; spike terminal, sessile, about 3 cm long, 

the rachis pubescent, densely flowering; bracts imbricate, 17-20 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, recurved at 

apex, pubescent, the lower ovate, acute, entire, 

the upper somewhat smaller, the margin provided 

with 3-4 teeth, these ciliate at apex with recurved 

hairs; bractlets lanceolate, 10 mm long and 2 mm 

wide, puberulent; calyx segments subequal, 6-8 

mm long and 1-1.5 mm wide, puberulent; corolla 

whitish lilac, glabrous, the tube 8 mm long, basally 

1 mm wide, apically 2 mm in diameter, the upper 

lip 3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, obscurely 2-lobed 

at apex, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes rounded, 

subequal, about 4 mm long and 2.5 mm wide: 

filaments epipetalous at middle of the tube, 4-5 

mm long, glabrous; anthers 2 mm long, glabrous; 

pollen grains typical, 5Op-55p long, 35p-4Op in 

diameter; ovary disc short, 2 mm high; style 8 mm 

long, pilose; stigma scarcely bifid; mature capsule 

not seen. 

TYPE.-Ule 5499 (holotype B, destroyed, F photo 

8702, isotype HBG), Brazil, Acre, in the vicinity of 

the Jurua River, near Bocca do Tejo, May 1901. 

DIsTRIBuTI0N.-Known only from around the 

type-locality. BRAZIL. ACRE: Cruzeiro do Sul, Rio 

Jurua 8c Rio Moa, Aldeota, Rio Jurua-Mirim, 23 

May 1971, Maas, Kubitzki, Steward, Ramos, Pinheiro (?. Lima P13275 (NY, US). PERU. HUANUCO: 

Southwestern slope of the Rio LlullaPichis watershed, on the ascent of Cerros del Sira, 250 m alt, 

21 Jun 1969, Wolfe 12128 A (F, NA). 

Aphelandra caput-medusae, according to Lindau, belongs with the group containing A. ornata 

and A. decorata, etc., and is sharply distinguished 

from these species by its bracts. The short spike, 

because of the long cilium on the bracts, appears 

as an unkempt, tangled, thrown back head of 

hairs. 

77. Aphelandra botanodes Leonard 

Aphelandra botanodes Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 

155. 1953. 
72 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Herbs; stems glabrous; leaf blades oblongelliptic, to 20 cm long and 6 cm wide, acuminate, 

narrowed at base, membranaceous, entire, glabrous, the costa and lateral veins (about 12 pairs) 

moderately prominent; petioles to 2 cm long, 

glabrous; flowers borne in a 3-parted inflorescence, the peduncle to 4 cm long, strigillose, the 

secondary peduncles 1-2 cm long, slender, strigillose, the spikes 2-4 cm long, dense, the bracts 

spreading or ascending, the rachis puberulous, the 

internodes of the spikes to 8 mm long; bracts 

subtending the secondary peduncles lanceolate, 

12-15 mm long, 2-5 mm wide, those subtending 

the flower cluster (these sessile or borne on puberulous peduncles to 3 mm long) ovate, 7 mm 

long and 4 mm wide, acute, thin, glabrous, sparingly punctate, ciliate, the margins bearing towards 

tip a small pair of teeth, the costa prominent; 

bractlets obliquely lanceolate, carinate, 2 mm long, 

0.5 mm wide, acute, subhyaline, ciliate, the costa 

prominent; calyx 3 mm long, the segments lanceolate, acute, subhyaline, delicately nerved, the mar. 

gins sparingly ciliolate, the posterior segment 

1 mm wide, the anterior and lateral segments 

slightly narrower; corolla puberulous, rose-blue 

(“roseo-cianeis”) about 0.7 cm long, the tube 

slender, 1 mm broad at base and throat, slightly 

wider above middle, the lips 3.5 mm long, the 

upper lip ovate, about 2 mm broad, obtuse, the 

lower lip 3-parted, the lobes divided nearly to base, 

obovate, about 1.5 mm wide, obtuse, ciliate; stamens reaching the mouth of the corolla tube; 

anthers about 2 mm long and 0.5 mm broad, acute 

at both ends, pilose and cohering at tip; filaments 

slender, about 0.5 mm long; ovary glabrous; style 

slender, 3 mm long; stigma flat, lanceolate, acute, 

0.5 mm long and 0.25 mm wide. 

TYPE.-J. Triana s.n. (holotype COL, isotypes 

K. P, US photo 3645), Colombia, Choc6, Novita, 

170 m alt, Mar 1853. 

DrsTRIBuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality. 

78. Aphelandra decorata (Nees) Wasshausen, 

new combination 

Stenandrium decoraturn Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:79. 1847. 

Lagochilizcm decorntzcm Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:291. 

Decumbent herb, the reclining portion rooting, 

1847. 

the erect portion 5-10 cm high, strigose-hirsute; 

leaf blades oblong-oval, 8-10 cm long, obtuse at 

apex, narrowed at base, reticulate, entire, the 

costa and veins bordered with a narrow band of 

white or yellow, strigose; petioles 6-10 mm long, 

strigose-hirsute; spike short, up to 2 cm long, terminal, sessile; bracts obovate-cuneate, acute and 

mucronate, 9 mm long, 4 mm wide, 3-5-nerved, 

the nerves ending in small ascending teeth, more 

or less hirsute; corolla red, somewhat glabrous, 

about 1.3 cm long, the tube shorter than the 

throat, the lobes subequal, ovate, the upper slightly 

shorter than the lower; stamens included. 

TwE.-Sellow 114 and 234 (holotype B, destroyed), Brazil, locality not given. A photograph 

(F photo 8703) of a Sellow specimen at Berlin 

gives the following data: Southern Brazil, between 

Campo and Vitoria. 

DIsTRIBuTI0N.-Known only from the typelocality. 

The photograph of A. decorata shows a close 

affinity with A. ornata. As no specimens other than 

the Sellow photograph were available for study, 

the description was compiled largely from the 

original. 

79. Aphelandra adscendens Leonard 

Aphelandra adscendens Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 

31:158. 1953. 

Herbs; stem ascending, rooting at the base, sparingly branched, about 4 mm in diameter, rather 

sparsely strigose, leaf blades oblong to oblanceolate, to 25 cm long and 4.5 cm wide, rounded or 

abruptly narrowed into a short slightly obtuse tip 

about 2 mm long, gradually narrowed from slightly 

above the middle to base and decurrent on the 

petiole, thin, entire, the upper surface drying 

brownish, pilose, the lower surface drying greenish, 

strigose, the hairs confined chiefly to the costa and 

lateral veins, these more prominent beneath than 

above; petioles to 3 cm long, the pubescence that 

of the blade; spikes terminal and lateral, to 5 cm 

long and 1 cm broad, the peduncle slender, 2-3 

cm long, densely strigose, the hairs yellowish, the 

pubescence of the rachis the same as that of the 

peduncle; bracts rhombic-ovate, 10.5 mm long, 

5 mm wide, short-acuminate (the tip blunt) narrowed at base, the outer surface densely pilose, 
NUMBER 18 73 

the margins just above the middle of the bract 

bearing 2-3 pairs of small, ascending teeth (0.5 

mm long), the inner surface glabrous, the five 

veins prominent but slender, parallel; bractlets 

lanceolate, carinate, substriate, 5 mm long and 

0.75 mm wide at slightly below the middle, narrowly acute, dorsally pilose, the marginal region 

thin, subhyaline, sparingly ciliate, the hairs minute, blunt; calyx segments lanceolate, the posterior segment 6.5 mm long and 1.25 mm wide near 

base, the anterior pair 6.25 mm long and 1 mm 

wide at base, the lateral pair 5 mm long and 0.75 

mm wide, all striate-nerved, narrowed upwardly to 

a slender tip, the margins very sparingly ciliate, 

the hairs minute and papillate; corolla about 1.2 

cm long, pale pink with yellow throat, puberulous, 

the hairs gland-tipped, the tube 1.5 mm broad 

from base to 4 mm above base, thence enlarged 

(abruptly) to 3.25 mm at throat, the lips equal, 

about 2 mm long, the upper lip about 4 mm wide, 

bilobed at tip, the lobes about 1 mm long, 

rounded, the three lobes of the lower lip about 3 

mm long, rounded and minutely crenate; stamens 4 

mm above the base of the corolla tube, 6 mm long; 

anthers 2 mm long and slightly over 0.5 mm wide, 

acute at base and sparingly bearded at tip; filaments slender, glabrous; ovary pilose at tip; style 

8 mm long, slender, glabrous; capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-A. E. Lawrance 680 (holotype GH, US 

photo 3627), Colombia, Boyaca, at side of brook in 

high forest of El Umbo, 130 m N of Bogoth, 1000 

m alt, 17 Mar 1933. 

DIsTRIBUTION.-Known only from the typelocality. 

80. Aphelandra fasciculata Wasshausen 

Aphelandra fascicutata Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:490. 1973. 

An erect, suffrutescent shrub 2-4 m high; stems 

quadrangular toward tip, densely strigose, the 

hairs sordid; leaf blades broadly elliptic to oblong, 

22-27 cm long, 7-9 cm wide, acuminate (the tip 

obtuse), narrowed at base and decurrent on the 

petiolt, subcoriaceous, entire, the upper surface 

dark green, glabrous to sparingly strigose, the 

costa and lateral veins (10-12 pairs) slightly raised, 

scarcely conspicuous, the lower surface dull green, 

glabrous or sparingly strigose, especially the costa 

and lateral veins; petioles (unwinged portion) 

0.5-2 cm long, the pubescence similar to that of 

the stem; flowers borne on one or several, terminal, 

sessile spikes, these 8-30 cm long and 1-1.5 cm 

wide (without corollas), the rachis glabrous; 

bracts imbricate, entire, red or dull orange with 

blackish tip, coriaceous, ovate, 11-13 mm long and 

9-10 mm wide, exceeding calyx, acuminate, glabrous, the costa rather prominent, the flanking 

nerves fairly prominent except toward tip, the 

marginal area bordered by a narrow subhyaline 

edge, the ocelli usually 6 or 8, well defined, suborbicular, brown, nitid; bractlets lance-ovate, 

falcate, carinate, 11 mm long, 3 mm wide, slightly 

acute, glabrous and minutely glandular-punctate 

except the costa and keel, these sparingly puberulous; calyx segments lanceolate, 9-10.5 mm long, 

subequal, the posterior segment 5.5 mm wide, the 

anterior pair 3 mm wide, the lateral segments 2.5 

mm wide, all glabrous and minutely glandularpunctate, striate-nerved, acute to acuminate; corolla red or orange-red, densely papillose, 5 cm 

long from base to tip of upper lip, 5 mm broad 

at base, narrowed to 3 mm at 5 mm above base, 

thence enlarged to a slightly curved subcylindric 

throat, 11 mm broad at mouth, the upper lip erect, 

ovate, 11-12 mm long and 7 mm wide, bilobed at 

tip, the lobes triangular-ovate, 3.5 mm long, 2 mm 

wide, acute, the middle lobe of the lower lip 

spreading, elliptic, 12 mm long, 6 mm wide, the 

submucronate tip slightly recurved, the lateral 

lobes about 7 mm long, partly adnate to the lower 

part of the upper lip, their free portion 6 mm long 

and 1.5 mm wide, rounded; stamens exserted 

about 1 cm beyond the mouth of the corolla tube; 

anthers 4-5 mm long, 1 mm broad, acute at both 

ends; capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-L. Aristeguieta 3180 (holotype US, isotype VEN), Venezuela, Miranda: Guatopo, 600 m 

alt, Jun 1958. 

DIsmIsuTIoN.-Endemic to Venezuela, at elevations between 10 and 1400 meters. VENEZUELA. 

MIRANDA: Parque Nacional de Guatopo: Between 

Santa Teresa and Altagracia de Orituco, 520 m alt, 

23 Nov 1961, Steyermark 89935 (US, VEN); 27 Oct 

1966, Steyermark 97548 (US, VEN); Camino de la 

Guzbanera, Sep 1966, Aristeguieta Pir Agostini 6?50 

(US, VEN); 4-5 krn N of Carenero, 10-50 m alt, 

22 Nov 1969, Steyermark S Bunting 102317 (US, 

VEN); El Guapo, 200 m alt, Oct 1959, Aristeguieta 

4004 (VEN). DISTRITO FEDERAL: Upper Carrasquel 
74 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Valley, 7 Nov 1925, Pittier 11944 (US, VEN); hills 

of Camuri Grande, 20-800 m alt, 8 Nov 1928, 

Pittier 13038 (US, VEN). ARAGUA: Colonia Tovar, 

Karsten s.n. (LE, W); Colonia Tovar, Engels s.n. 

(LE); above Turiamo, 550 m alt, 5 Oct 1938, 

Williams 10419 (US, VEN); Parque Nacional, 

Valle de Ocumare, 4 Oct 1947, Pittier 15601 (US, 

VEN). YARACUY: Los Canizos, plains of the Yaracuy River, 50 m alt, 23 Jan 1920, Pittier 8755 (US); 

Yumare, Aroa Basin, 24 Sep 1923, Pittier 11213 

(US, VEN); Forest of Yumare, 100 m alt, 7 Feb 

1959, Bernardi 6930 (K, VEN); new highway San 

Felipe-Aroa, 27 Nov 1952, Aristeguieta Pannier 

1154 (VEN); Valle of Yaracuy, forest plain between El Diamante & El Chino, 12 Dec 1952, Aristeguieta & Foldats 1250 (VEN). YARACUY-FALCON:

Reserva Forestal “Rio Tocuyo,” Pica no. 13, Aug 

1970, Blanco 912 (VEN). FALCON: Sierra de San 

Luis, between Curimagua and San Luis, 1300-1400 

m alt, 18 Jul 1967, Steyermark 99105 (US, VEN). 

MERIDA: Carretera (highway) Jali-Merida, Sep 196 1, 

Tamayo 4510 (VEN). BARINAS:oledad, 20 km N 

of Barinitas, 1100 m alt, 28 Sep 1953, Little 15559 

(VEN). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: Funck 6 

Schlim s.n. (P); Andes de Truxillo et de Merida, 

12004350 m alt, 1843, Linden 496 (P); S. Estkban. 

1893-94, Mocqzterys s.n. (COL, P, US, VEN). 

A jh elan dra f ascicu la t a is distinguished from 

A. pharangophiIa, its nearest relative, by the 

larger, glabrous bracts, the shorter corolla, and 

the smaller limb. In A. pharangophila, the bracts 

are strigose, 7-10 mm long, 5.5-6 mm wide, the 

corolla 5.5-6.5 cm long, and the limb 17-20 mm 

long. 

81. Aphelandra aristei Leonard 

Aphelandra aristei Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:228. 

1953. 

Shrubby; tips of stems densely hirsute-strigose; 

leaf blades oblong-elliptic, to 14 cm long and 6 

cm wide (the lowermost probably larger), slightly 

obtuse, narrowed at base and decurrent on the 

petiole, entire or undulate, the upper surface sparingly pilose, the lower surface densely brownish, 

pilose-sericeous, the hairs about 1 mm long; petioles to 1 cm long, densely pubescent; spikes solitary, 

terminal, to 15 cm long and about 2 cm broad, 

the rachis pilosulous, the peduncles to 3 cm long, 

the pubescence that of the stems; bracts ascending, 

not closely appressed, light brownish red when dry, 

entire, oblong-lanceolate, 23-24 mm long, 4.5 mm 

wide near base, 7 mm wide at middle, prominently striate-nerved, acuminate, ciliate, velutinoussericeous, the inner surface glabrous or nearly so, 

ocelli numerous, minute, to 40 or more, elliptic, 

about 0.25 mm long, light brown, glabrous, somewhat nitid; bractlets subulate, 1 cm long, 1.5 mm 

wide at base, finely and softly pubescent without, 

finely striate-nerved; calyx segments subequal, 

about 1 cm long, the posterior segment narrowly 

ovate, 4 mm wide slightly above base, the anterior 

segments lanceolate, 2.5 mm wide, the lateral pair 

narrowly lanceolate, 2 mm wide, all gradually narrowed from just above base to a slender tip, finely 

pubescent and striate-nerved; corolla orange-red, 

finely pubescent, 3.5-4.5 cm long, the upper lip 

erect, ovate, 2-lobed, the lobes triangular, acuminate, outwardly curved at tip, the lower lip more 

or less spreading, 3-lobed, the middle lobe oblong, 

15 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, acute, the lateral lobes 

narrowly ovate, about 5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 

obtuse; stamens slightly exserted; ovary glabrous; 

capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-BYO. Ariste-Joseph s.n. (holotype US), 

Colombia, Cundinamarca, Pacho, Aug 1923. 

locality. 

DIsTRIBuTIoN.-~nown only from the type82. Aphelandra trianae Leonard 

Aphelandra trianae Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 31:230. 

1953. 

Suffrutescent herbs or shrubs; stems subquadrangular, hirsute-hispid, the hairs brownish, the 

lower parts terete and glabrate; leaf blades oblongovate, to 15 cm long and 6 cm wide, acuminate, 

narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, 

submembranaceous, entire or undulate, the upper 

surface glabrous to sparingly strigose, the lower 

surface glabrous to sparingly hirtellous, the costa 

and lateral veins (9 or 10 pairs) more densely so, 

the costa and veins moderately prominent; petioles 

to 1 cm long, densely strigose to hirsute; spikes 

solitary, subsessile, about 8 cm long and 3 cm 

broad, the bracts ascending, scarcely imbricate, 

the rachis densely whitish pilose; bracts oblong, 

entire, 25 mm long, about 10 mm wide, acute and 
NUMBER 18 75 

aristate, both surfaces softly gray-pubescent, the 

hairs about 0.5 mm long, the ciliate margins with 

hairs to 1 mm long, the costa and lateral veins 

rather prominent but obscured by the pubescence, 

ocelli numerous (8-12), obscure, about 0.75 mm 

long, 0.5 mm wide, elliptic, brown, contiguous; 

bractlets narrowly lanceolate, to 14 mm long, attenuate, carinate, the marginal region thin, striatenerved, subglabrous, the keel densely silvery-pilose, 

calyx 16-18 mm long, the segments coriaceous, 

striate-nerved (the nerves indurate at base), glabrous, ciliate at tip, the posterior segment oblonglanceolate, attenuate and sharply acute, 4 mm 

wide near base, anterior segments lanceolate, glabrous, attenuate and slenderly acute, the upper half 

ciliate, lateral segments linear-lanceolate, 2 mm 

wide near base, attenuate-acuminate, glabrous, 

ciliate at tip; corolla red, about 5 cm long, rather 

densely pubescent, the tube 2.5 mm broad near 

tip of ovary, 7 mm broad at mouth, slightly curved, 

the upper lip (immature corolla) ovate, about 10 

mm long and 6 mm wide, bidentate, the lobes triangular, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide at base, acute, 

the middle lobe of the lower lip lanceolate, 8 mm 

long, 4 mm wide, slenderly acuminate, the tip 

recurved, the lateral lobes small, rounded, adnate 

to the upper lip of corolla; stamens slightly exserted; anthers 6 mm long, 1 mm broad, obtuse 

and cohering at tip, obliquely obtuse at base and 

minute apiculate; filaments pilose at base, glabrous above; ovary glabrous. 

TYPE.-]. Triuna s.n. (holotype K, US photo 

3625, isotype COL), Colombia, Tolima-Caldas border, Quindio Mountains, Feb 1853. 

DIsTRIBuTI0N.-Known only from the typelocality. 

83. Aphelandra xanthantha Leonard 

Aphelandra xanthantha Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 

31:248. 1953. 

Shrubs; stems subquadrangular, densely brownish strigose; leaves reflexed, the blades oblong to 

oblong-ovate, to 18 cm long and 7 cm wide, 

slenderly acuminate, narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, the upper surface sparingly 

strigillose, the lower surface usually densely strigose, 

the costa and lateral veins (9 or 10 pairs) fairly 

prominent; petioles (unwinged portion) to 3 cm 

long, densely strigillose; spikes terminal, solitary, 

subsessle, to 17 cm long and 1.5 cm broad (without corollas), the rachis white-tomentose; bracts red 

(living), entire, ovate-lanceolate, 18 mm long and 

8 mm wide at about 5 mm above base, acute, coriaceous, glabrous, minutely scurfy without, sparingly 

ciliolate, the costa fairly prominent, the lateral 

nerves obscure, the margins thin, ocelli numerous 

alveolar spots, these narrowly elliptic, about 2 mm 

long and 0.5 mm wide; bractlets narrowly lanceolate, 15 mm long, 2.5 mm wide near base, slenderly 

acuminate, carinate, the keel densely white-pilose, 

the margins thin, glabrous and finely striatenerved; calyx 18 mm long, the segments thin, 

coriaceous, striate-nerved, puberulous, the posterior segment oblong, 4 mm wide, acute at apex, 

the anterior segments lanceolate, 2.5 mm wide, 

acute and apiculate at tip, the lateral segments 

narrowly lanceolate, 2 mm wide, acute at apex; 

corolla yellow, about 5.5 cm long, papillose without, glabrous within except above insertion of 

filaments, here pilose, the tube rather slender, 

subcylindric, about 3 mm broad, the mouth about 

5 mm broad, the lips about 14 mm long (immature), the upper one ovate, about 5 mm wide, 

acuminate, bilobed at apex, the lobes minute, 

triangular, about 1 mm long and 0.25 mm wide, 

acute, the middle lobe of the lower lip ovate, 5 

mm wide, subacute, puberulous within, the lateral 

lobes attached to the lower part of the upper lip, 

their free portions about 1 mm long and broad, 

obtuse; stamens barely exserted; anthers 7 mm 

long, about 1 mm broad, obtuse at both ends, 

the lower lobes minutely apiculate, the tips cohering; filaments glabrous except at base, here 

pilose; ovary glabrous. 

TYPE.-L. Uribe-Uribe I862 (holotype US), Colombia, Antioquia, in woods of Paramitos, Narifio, 

2000-2200 m alt, Jan 1949. 

~IsTRIBuTIoN.-Known only from around the 

type-locality. COLOMBIA. ANTIOQUIA: Municipality 

of Narino, at San Juan, 2100 m alt, 17 Ju1 1954, 

Uribe-Uribe 2612 (COL, US). 

84. Aphelandra sericantha Leonard 

Aphelandra sericantha Leonard, Contrib. U.S. R’at. Herb. 31: 

245. 1953. 

Shrubs to 1 m high or higher; stems subterete, 

glabrous except the upper portions, these strigose; 

leaf blades oblong-elliptic or broadly oblong- 
76 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

lanceolate, to 20 cm long and 5.5 cm wide, acuminate, narrowed at base and decurrent on the 

petiole, submembranaceous, entire or undulate, 

the upper surface glabrous to thinly strigose, the 

venation mostly inconspicuous, the lower surface 

drying lighter olive than the upper, minutely 

strigose to hirtellous, the hairs confined chiefly to 

the costa and veins (10-12 pairs), the venation 

conspicuous, the veinlets coarsely reticulate; petioles to 5 cm long, sparingly strigillose; spike terminal, solitary, subsessile, subtended by a pair of 

small leaves about 1.5 cm long and 5 mm wide, 

the rachis angled, densely hirtellous, the hairs 

light brown; bracts oval, entire, 20 mm long, 12 

mm wide, obtuse to subacute and apiculate, coriaceous, the basal portion minutely silky-pilose, 

light brown, the inner surface sparingly strigillose, 

the nerves closely parallel, the veinlets reticulate 

near the subhyaline margins, ocelli replaced by 

an irregular, elliptic, alveolar spot; bractlets 

lanceolate, 8.5 mm long, 2.25 mm wide near base, 

acuminate (the lower portion carinate), gIabrous 

except the hirtellous tip, striate-nerved, the costa 

and adjacent nerves swollen and confluent at base; 

calyx segments subequal, 15 mm long, lanceolate, 

subcoriaceous, striate-nerved, glabrous or ciliate 

at tip, the costa and adjacent nerves swollen and 

confluent at base, the posterior segment 4.5 mm 

wide, subobtuse and more or less lacerate, the 

anterior segments 2.5 mm wide, subobtuse and 

apiculate, the lateral segments 2.25 mm wide, 

acute; corolla yellow, to 6 cm long, densely hirtellous, except the glabrous basal portion, the 

hairs yellowish brown, the tube about 6 mm broad 

at mouth, the upper lip erect, elliptic, 25 mm 

long, 4 mw wide, bilobed at tip, the lobes rounded, 

the lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the middle lobe 

ovate, about 2.2 cm long, obtuse at apex, the lateral lobes minute and connate with the basal 

portion of the upper lip, the free portion triangular, 6 mm long and 2 mm wide at base, obtuse at 

apex; stamens exserted, almost reaching the tip 

of the middle lobe of the lower lip; capsule not 

seen. 

TYPE.--J. Triana s.n. (holotype K, isotypes COL, 

P), Colombia, Caldas, Pacora, 1800 m alt, Feb 1852. 

locality. 

DISTRIBUTION.-KrIOWn Only from the type85. Aphelandra fernandezii Leonard 

Aphelandra fernandezii Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 

31:270. 1953. 

Herbs to 1 m high; stems subquadrangular, at 

least the upper portions densely and minutely 

gray strigose; leaf blades oblong-elliptic or broadly 

oblong-lanceolate, to 32 cm long and 10.6 cm 

wide at, or slightly above, middle, acuminate, the 

tip often curved, narrowed at base and decurrent 

on the petiole, membranaceous, entire or shallowly 

crenate, drying olive green, the lower surface a 

lighter and deeper greenish shade than the upper, 

the upper surface glabrous, minutely alveolate 

under a lens, the lower surface sparingly hirtellous, 

the hairs confined chiefly to the costa and lateral 

veins (9-11 pairs), these prominent on both surfaces; petioles stout, 2 cm long, densely grayhirtellous; spikes terminal, solitary, subsessile, 9 

cm long, 3.5 cm broad (measured from tips of 

bracts), the rachis angled, glabrous; bracts red, 

rather closely imbricate, entire, rhombic-ovate, 

26 mm long and 15 mm wide (the lowermost sterile 

ones much smaller), subacute, glabrous, ciliate 

near tip, the costa and adjacent nerves prominent, 

the veinlets obscurely and rather coarsely reticulate toward margins, the glandular spots about 

3.5 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, the ocelli 50p in 

diameter, very numerous; bractlets linear, 13 mm 

long, 2.25 mm wide, acuminate, striate-nerved, 

sparingly hirtellous dorsally particularly at the 

tip; calyx segments subequal, 21-23 mm long, 

glabrous or ciliate at tip, coriaceous, striate-nerved, 

the posterior segment narrowly oblong-elliptic, 4 

mm wide, truncate, emarginate and apiculate at 

tip, the anterior segments linear-lanceolate, 2.5 

mm wide, acuminate, the lateral segments narrowly lanceolate, 1.5 mm wide, acuminate; corolla 

about 6 cm long, red, puberulous, the tube 6 mm 

broad at throat, the upper lip ovate, 23 mm long, 

about 12 mm wide, bilobate at tip, the lobes triangular, 5 mm long and 3 mm wide at base, acute, 

the lip spreading or reflexed, the middle lobe 

narrowly ovate, about 23 mm long and 8 mm wide 

near base, obtuse, the lateral lobes narrowly oval, 

1.5 mm wide, rounded at tip, adnate in part to 

the upper lip, their free portions 1.5 mm long; 

stamens reaching notch of the upper lip; anthers 

1 cm long, acuminate at base, subobtuse at tip, 

dorsally pilosulous; filaments triquetrous, glabrous 
NUMBER 18 77 

or the angles toward base minutely roughened; 

ovary glabrous; mature capsules not seen. 

TYPE.--A. Ferndndez 254 (holotype US), Colombia, Choco, in woods at Ensenada de Utria, 5 Jun 

1950. 

DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality. 

86. Aphelandra sinclairkna Nees 

FIGURES 6, 34 

Aphelandra sinclairiana Nees in Bentham Bot. Voy. Sulph. 

146, pl. 47, 1844; in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:296. 1847.- 

Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2:513. 1882.-Leonard, 

Field Mus. Bot. Ser., 18:1196. 1938. 

Shrubs or small trees to 5 m high; the branches 

subquadrangular toward tip, rather densely hirsute, to 1 mm long; leaf blades numerous, oblonglanceolate, to 35 cm long and 10 cm wide, abruptly 

acuminate (the tip more or less curved), gradually 

narrowed at base to a short, naked petiole, firm, 

entire or shallowly crenate, the upper surface 

sparingly hirsute, the costa and lateral veins (9-16 

pairs) rather densely so, the lower surface, including the rather prominent costa and lateral veins 

moderately villous-hirsute, petioles 1-2 cm long, 

moderately hirsute; spikes usually numerous, 

both terminal and subterminal, solitary or several 

in a cluster, peduncled, to 20 cm long and 1.5-2 

cm broad, the peduncles subquadrangular, 3-5 

cm long, moderately hirsute, the rachis hirsutulous; 

bracts orange-red, entire, oval, about 20 mm long 

and 10 mm wide, silky-puberulent, bearing several 

well-defined glands on either side, the upper bracts 

rounded or obtuse, closely imbricate, the lower 

acute and spreading; bractlets lance-ovate, 6 mm 

long, 2 mm wide, acute, carinate, sometimes bearing one or more minute teeth on either side, 

striate-nerved, puberulent; calyx segments striatenerved, acute and cuspidate, (tipped by a slender 

awn 0.5 mm long), ciliate and more or less erose 

toward tip, glabrous toward base, the posterior 

segment lanceolate, 8-10 mm long and 3 mm wide, 

the anterior pair lanceolate, about 2 mm wide 

near base, the lateral pair more narrowly lanceolate, slightly over 1 mm wide near base; corolla 

rose-red or purplish red, finely pubescent, about 

6 cm long, the tube 3 mm broad at base, 6 or 7 

mm broad at mouth, the upper lip erect, ovate, 

15-17 mm long and 8-9 mm wide, 2-lobed, the 

lobes lance-ovate, about 10 mm long and 4.5 mm 

wide at base, acute, the middle lobe of the lower 

lip spreading, ovate-lanceolate, about 21 mm long, 

7-8 mm wide, acuminate, carinate, the lateral 

lobes adnate to the lower part of the upper lip, 

their free portion triangular-ovate, 2.5 mm long 

and 2 mm wide at base, obtuse; stamens reaching 

about midway between mouth of the tube and the 

tip of the upper lip; the anthers 6.5 mm long, 

apiculate at tip, acute at base; capsule clavate, 

about 2 cm long, 6 mm broad near the tip, 3 mm 

broad at the base, obtuse at apex, densely puberulous; seeds flat, about 3.5 mm in diameter, minutely hispidulous. 

TYP?z.--Sinclair s.n. (holotype K), Panama, Isthmus of Darien. 

DISTRIBUTION.-Moist forests and along shady 

river banks in southeastern Costa Rica and Panama. 

COSTA RICA: LIMON:Rio Zhorquin, Talamanca, 

50 m alt, Mar 1894, Tonduz 8549 (US); forest of 

Xirores, Talamanca, 100 m alt, Feb 1895, Tonduz 

9302 (P, US); Jimenez, Llanos de Santa Clara, 195 

m alt, Apr 1894, John Donne11 Smith 4917 (US); 

las Delicias, plains of Santa Clara, 500 m alt, Feb 

1897, Biolley 10669 (US, W); Los Diamantes, 29 

Feb 1956, Schubert 1109 (US). PANAMA. BOCAS DE 

TORO: Talamanca Valley, 3 Feb 1921, Carleton 124 

(US); Laguna de Chiriqui and vicinity, Nov and 

Dec 1885, Hurt 130 (K, US); 8 Oct 1940, von 

Wedel 1083 (US); Garay Creek, 8 Sep 1941, von 

Wedel 2636 (US); Water Valley, 13 Sep 1940, von 

Wedel 762 (US); 1 Oct 1940, von Wedel 973 (US); 

Changuinola to 5 m S at junction of Rios Changuinola & Terebe, 30-60 m alt, 17-19 Dec 1966, 

Lewis, Dwyer, Elias, & Robertson 803 (MO, US). 

COCLE: El ValIe de Anton, along Rio Indio trail, 

500-700 m alt, 30 Jan 1935, Hunter & Allen 358 

(P, US). CANAL ZONE: Chagres, Feb 1850, Fendler 

209 (K, P, US, W); Paraiso, Dec 1857, Wagner s.n. 

(M); Gatun, Jan 1858, Wagner s.n. (M); off road 

K-15 near Huile on hills around Gatun Lake, 26 

Dec 1957, C. Earle Smith, Jr., H. Morgan Smith Q 

Tule Arrauz 3278 (F, US); Empire Station, Oct. 

1861, Hayes 307 (K); between Gorgona and Gatun, 

10-50 m alt, 7 Jan 1911, Pittier 2264, 2270 (US); 

Barro Colorado Island, Gatun Lake, 17 Jan 1924, 

Stclndley 31453 (US); S. Moho Trail 1, Dec 1931, 

Shattuck 760 (US); road between Gatun and Fort 

Sherman, 17 Dec 1966, Burch, Baker 6 Oliver 
78 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

1016 (US); Lion Hill Station, Jan 1860, Hayes 602 

(US); Bismark above Penonome, 5 Mar 1908, Williams 370 (US); between Mt. Hope and Santa Rita 

Trail, 25 Feb 1905, Cowell 71, 72 (US); valley of 

Masambi, 20-100 m alt, 6 Feb 1911, Maxon 4683 

(US); hills N of Frijoles, 19 Dec 1923, Standley 

27547 (US); vicinity of Gatuncillo, 26 Feb 1923, 

Standley 5601 (US); Las Cascadas Plantation, near 

Summit, 4 Jan 1924, Standley 29654 (US); vicinity 

of Fort Sherman, 15 Jan 1924, Standley 31091 (US); 

Darikn Station, 19 Jan 1924, Standley 31594 (US); 

Obispo, 19 Jan 1924, Standley 31670 (US); Changuinola Valley, Lincoln Creek, 18 Jan 1924, Dunlap 

368 (US); along road from Fort Sherman to Fort 

San Lorenzo, 1 Apr 1969, Porter, Dwyer, Durkee 

Crosby, Q Castillon 4991 (MO, US); Madden Forest Preserve, along Las Cruces Trail and highway, 

8 Apr 1969, Lewis, Porter, Durkee, & Baker 5334 

(US); westerly arm of Quebrada Salamanca, 70 m 

alt, 16 Dec 1934, Dodge, Steyermark, &+ Allen 

16996 (P, US). COLON:Porto Bello, 5-100 m alt, 

17-18 Jan 1911, Pittier 2482 (US); Rio Chagres, 

region above Gamboa, 25 m alt, 3 Feb 1947, Allen 

4138 (MO, US): PANAMA: Tributary of Chagres, 

5 m SW of Cerro Brewster, 300 m alt, 14 Dec 1967, 

Lewis, Blackwell, Hawker, Little, Nowicke, Q Oliver3386 (MO, US). DARIEN: Boca de Pauarando, 

on Samb6 River, 20 m alt, Feb 1912, Pittier 5572 

(US); Isthmus of Darien, Barclay s.n. (K). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY . 1851, Weddell s.n. (P); 1851, 

Duchassaing s.n. (P); Seemann s.n. (K). 

87. Aphelandra grandis Leonard 

Aphelandra grandis Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 

Afihelandra trichota Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 

226. 1953. 

226. 1953. 

Shrubs to 3 m high; stems subquadrangular, 

glabrous to densely hirsute; leaf blades oblong or 

oblong-ovate, 28-36 cm long and 10-18 cm wide, 

short-acuminate at apex (the tip itself blunt), 

narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, 

glabrous to sparingly hirsute, the costa and lateral 

veins (usually 15-20 pairs) prominent on the 

lower surface, sparingly to moderately hirsute, the 

margins entire, undulate or shallowly crenate; 

petioles slender, to 10 cm long, glabrous to hirsute; 

spikes stout, one or several, in fascicles, terminal, 

sessile or subsessile, 18-45 cm long and about 2 

cm wide; bracts entire, obovate, orange-red, 24-30 

mm long and 12-13 mm wide, rounded, pubescent 

to glabrate, often silky toward base, the ocelli 

numerous (about 20), elliptic, minute; bractlets 

lanceolate, 11 mm long, 2 mm wide near base, 

obliquely carinate, densely sericeous; calyx segments triangular, subequal, 12-13 mm long, the 

posterior segment 7 mm wide near base, the anterior pair 4 mm wide, the lateral pair 3 mm wide, 

all acute, striate-nerved, densely sericeous except 

the margins, these subglabrous and subhyaline; 

corolla yellow, finely pubescent, 5.5-6 cm long, 6 

mm broad at throat, the upper lip oblong, about 

15 mm long and 9 mm wide, 2-lobed, the lobes 

triangular, about 6 mm long and 5 mm wide, 

acuminate, the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe 

lanceolate, about as long as the upper lip, acute, 

the lateral lobes small, about 2.5 mm long and 1 

mm wide, obtuse, their upper margins partly connate with the upper lip; stamens barely reaching 

the upper lip; anthers 6 mm long, dorsally pubescent; capsules oblong, 13 mm long, 7 mm broad, 

blunt at tip, nitid and glabrous toward tip, dull, 

densely puncticulate toward base; seeds brown, 

obovate, 4.5 mm long, 4 mm wide, 1.75 mm thick, 

glabrous or the upper margins puberulous. 

TYPE.-B. Gumara-Amortegui 260 (holotype 

US), Colombia, Cundinamarca, Albdn, 1600 m alt, 

1932. 

DISTRIBUTION.-In thick forests and on steep 

slopes in the departments of Santander and Cundinamarca, Colombia. COLOMBIA. SANTANDER: 

Vicinity of Barranca Bermeja, Magdalena Valley, 

between Sogamoso and Carare Rivers, 100-500 m 

alt, 20 Ju1 1936, Haught 1936 (US); 20 km N-NW 

of Velez, 8 km S-SE of Landazuri, on steep slope at 

Jorddn, on N side of the Cuchillo de Los Micos, 

1100 m alt, 17 Apr 1944, Fosberg Q Fassett 21809 

(holotype of A. trichota Leonard, us). CUNDINAMARCA: Paime. Ariste-Joseph 1081 (GH, PH, US). 

88. Aphelandra darienensis Wasshausen 

ApheEandra darienensis Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:480. 1973. 

Low suffrutescent shrub; stems glabrous below, 

the upper portion sparingly strigose; leaf blades 

oblongelliptic, 30-40 cm long, 9-14 cm wide, shortacuminate, narrowed from middle or slightly above 

to a narrow, obliquely subobtuse base, moderately 
NUMBER 18 79 

firm, entire, the upper surface glabrous or sparingly and inconspicuously strigose, the lower surface rather densely strigose, especially the costa 

and lateral veins (17-22 pairs), the venation 

prominent but more so beneath than above; 

petioles 3.5-7 cm long, canaliculate, glabrous or 

sparingly strigose; spikes one or several, terminal, 

subsessile, 8-10 cm long, 3-4 cm wide ( without corollas) , moderately dense, the bracts imbricate, 

spreading with age, the peduncle about I cm long, 

strigose, the rachis glabrous; bracts orange to red, 

ovate, 30 mm long and 14-15 mm wide, acute to 

obtuse, coriaceous, often crisped and retrorse, 

closely veined, glabrous, the margins entire, ciliolate, bearing just above the middle, near the margins, numerous minute ocelli, these forming a dull, 

alveolar spot, 3 mm long and 1 mm wide; bractlets 

lanceolate, 8 mm long and 2 mm wide, subhyaline, 

striate-nerved, carinate, especially the upper half, 

the keel pubescent; calyx segments lanceolate, 

13-15 mm long, striate-nerved, subhyaline, glabrous, glandular-punctate, the posterior segment 5 

mm wide, the anterior pair 3 mm wide, the lateral 

pair 2 mm wide, all mucronulate at apex; corolla 

orange-red, about 6 cm long, densely and minutely 

glandular-pilose, the tube 3.5 cm long, 3 mm wide 

at base, erect, gradually enlarged to 7 mm broad 

at mouth, the upper lip erect, oblong, 15 mm long, 

2-lobed, the lobes triangular-ovate, 6 mm long, 

acute, the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe oblong, 15 mm long, 8 mm wide, the lateral lobes 

similar but smaller: stamens almost reaching the 

tip of the upper lip; anthers 9 mm long, apiculate 

at base; capsule not seen. 

Tym-Duke clr Elias 13756 (holotype US, isotype MO), Panama, DariPn, Cerro Pirre, 750-1350 

m alt, 9-10 Aug 1967. 

DISTRIsUTION.-Submontane to mossy forests, at 

elevations above 600 meters, in the province of 

Darien, Panama. PANAMA. DARIBN: Ascent of 

Cerro Pirre from R. Pirro S of El Real, 600-750 

m alt, 11 Aug 1962, Duke 5313 (MO); Oct 1962, 

Duke 6101 (MO); Cerro Campamento (S of Cerro 

Pirre), 20-22 Mar 1968, Duke 15720 (US); between 

Tres Bocas and Cerro Campamento on Cuasi-Cana 

Trail, 1 May 1968, Kirkbride 6. Duke 1350 (MO). 

Aphelandra darienensis is closely related to A. 

fernandezii Leonard, but the calyx segments as 

well as the corolla lips of that relative are considerably longer. 

89. Aphelandra garciae Leonard 

Aphelandra garciae Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 

256. 1953. 

Shrub, to 1 m high, slender, straight, the tips of 

the branches densely strigose, the hairs sordid, the 

lower portions of the stems terete, glabrate; leaf 

blades obovate or broadly oblanceolate, to 30 cm 

long and 11.5 cm wide, short-acuminate (the tip 

itself obtuse or rounded), narrowed at base and 

decurrent on the petiole, submembranaceous, entire or undulate, the upper surface drying olive 

green, glabrous, minutely alveolate under the lens, 

the costa and lateral veins flat or slightly raised, 

barely conspicuous, the lower surface drying 

green to light olivaceous, sparingly strigose, the 

costa and lateral veins densely strigose, raised and 

more conspicuous than upper surface; petioles 

(unwinged portion) to 1 cm long, the pubescence 

similar to that of the stem tip; spikes solitary, 

terminal, to 22 cm long and 1.5 cm broad, the 

peduncle barely 0.5 cm long and 3.5 mm in diameter, densely strigose, the rachis minutely pilose; 

bracts entire, rhombic-ovate, 11 mm long, 8 mm 

wide, rounded and subapiculate at apex, coriaceous, bright red (living), drying yellowish brown, 

glabrous within, minutely scurfy without, the costa 

and nerves prominent, the margins subhyaline, 

ciliolate except toward base, the ocelli replaced 

by a dull, elliptic, faveolate area about 2.5 mm 

long and 1 mm wide; bractlets lanceolate, subfalcate, carinate, 12 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the 

keel densely whitish pilose, the margins striatenerved, subhyaline; calyx about 2 cm long, the 

posterior segment oblong, elliptic, slightly over 5 

mm wide, finely pilose-sericeous toward tip, the 

anterior pair 4 mm wide, the lateral pair somewhat narrower than the anterior pair and like 

them, glabrous or bearing a few hairs at the tip, 

all of the segments acute (the tip itself blunt, 

minutely apiculate ) and ciliate; corolla yellow, 

drying brown, minutely hirsute-strigose, the tube 

slightly curved, 4 cm long, 4 mm broad at base, 

narrowed to 3 nim at 5 mm above base, thence 

gradually enlarged into a subcylindric throat 7 

mm broad at mouth, the upper lip erect, elliptic, 

15 mm long and 7 mm wide, bilobed, the lobes 

triangular-ovate, about 8 mm long, slenderly acuminate, the middle lobe of the lower lip spreading, 

ovate, 15 mm long, about 7 mm wide, acuminate, 
80 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

strigose within, the lateral lobes triangular, about 

4 mm long, partly adnate to the lower part of the 

upper lip, their free portions about 1.5 mm long 

and 1 mm wide, obtuse; ovary glabrous; stamens 

and capsules not seen. 

TYm-Killip & Garcia 33532 (holotype US), 

Colombia, Choco, dense forest along the Quebrada 

Jellita, Bahia Solano, 50-100 m alt, 22 Feb 1939. 

DISTRIBUTION.-Known only from around the 

type-locality. COLOMBIA. cHOCO: In dense tidal 

forest along the banks of Quebrada Togoroma, 13 

Jun 1944, Killip 6. Cuatrecasas 39123 (US). 

90. Aphelandra straminea Leonard 

Aphelandra straminea Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb, 31: 

Aphelandra hodgei Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:262. 

Aphelandra longispica Leonard. Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 

Suffrutescent herb to 2 m high; stems terete, 

strigillose to glabrate; leaf blades elliptic to oblong 

or broadly oblanceolate, 20-30 cm long, 7-11.5 cm 

wide, or the lowermost smaller, acuminate at apex 

(the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, submembranaceous, entire or 

undulate, the upper surface drying olive, nitid, 

glabrous, the costa and lateral veins (10-12 pairs) 

flat or slightly raised, moderately conspicuous, the 

lower surface drying a slightly lighter shade than 

the upper, sparingly strigillose, the costa and lateral veins raised and conspicuous, the veinlets 

coarsely but inconspicuously reticulate; petioles 

(unwinged portion) 3-9 cm long, glabrous to 

sparingly strigillose, the channel shallow; spikes 1 

or several, terminal, subsessile, 13-30 cm long and 

12-15 mm broad, quadrangular, the rachis whitecottony-tomentose; bracts decussate, closely imbricate, entire, rhombic-ovate, 8-10 mm long, about 

7 mm wide, acute to subacuminate (the tip itself 

rounded), coriaceous, the margins subscarious, 

ciliolate near base of bract, the costa prominent, 

inconspicuously excurrent at tip, the lateral nerves 

conspicuous except on the broad scarious margins, 

both surfaces glabrous, the ocelli represented by 

dull alveolate oval areas about 1.5 mm long and 

1 mm wide; bractlets lanceolate, 8-12 mm long 

and 2-3 mm wide, carinate, the keel densely white, 

silky, the margins subglabrous, ciliolate, sometimes bearing near the base an ascending, subhya250. 1953. 

1953. 

265. 1953. 

line tooth about 1 mm long; calyx 0.9-1.15 cm 

long, the posterior segment oblong-ovate, 4 mril 

wide, the anterior pair lanceolate, 3 mm wide, the 

lateral pair more narrowly lanceolate, 2 mm wide, 

all striate-nerved, the posterior segment sparingly 

and minutely pubescent, subacute to obtuse at 

apex, the other segments glabrous and minutely 

apiculate; corolla straw-color, tinged with pink to 

red, densely papillose, slightly curved, about 5 

cm long, the tube about 5 mm broad near base, 

narrowed at tip of ovary to 3 mm, thence gradually 

expanded to about 7 mm at mouth, the upper lip 

erect, ovate, 13-17 mm long and 7-10 mm wide, 

acute, the 2 apical lobes narrowly triangular, the 

middle lobe of the lower lip spreading, ovate, 

15-17 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, acute and recurved 

at apex, the lateral lobes partly adnate to the 

upper lip, their free portions 1-2 mm long and 1 

mm wide, rounded; stamens reaching the tip of 

the upper lip; anthers 5-6 mm long and 1 mm 

broad, their basal lobe muticous; capsule oblong, 

14-15 mm long and 4 mm in diameter, blunt at 

tip, glabrous, nitid, puncticulate toward base; 

seeds brown, flat, 4 mm long and 3 mm broad, 

sparingly papillose. 

TYPE.-O. Haught 1750 (holotype US, isotype 

NY), Colombia, Santander, in swampy forest at 

Puerto Araujo on the Rio Carare, vicinity of Puerto 

Berrio, 100-700 m alt, 6 Jun 1935. 

DIsTRIsuTI0N.-Andean Colombia, in the departments of Santander, Cundinamarca, and Tolima at 

elevations between 100 and 900 meters. COLOMBIA. 

SANTANDER: Forest along the Rio Carare, E of Puerto Berrio, 300-400 m alt, 28 Sep 1945, Hodge 6513 

(GH, holotype of A. hodgei' Leonard). CUNDINAMARCA: Along the Quebrada Cabana, Hacienda El 

Cucharo, between Tocaima and Pubenza, 380-600 

m alt, 8 May 1944, Killip, Dugand, Cir Jaramillo 

38346 (US, holotype of A. longispica Leonard). 

TOLIMA: Near Mariquita, along the Rio Magdalena, 

1824, Rivero sen. (P); 4 km W of Mariquita, 550 

m alt, 23 Sep 1959, Uribe 3376 (COL); Mariquita, 

highway to Fresno, 800-900 m alt, 30 Ju1 1957, 

Uribe 2998 (COL). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY. 

Mutis 1502 (US); Mutis 1501 (K, US). 

91. Aphelandra micans Moritz ex Vatke 

Aphelandra micans Mortiz ex Vatke, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 

App. 1. 1876.-Leonard, Field Mus. Bot. Ser., 18:1195. 1938. 
NUMBER 18 81 

Shrubs, to 2 m high; the stems strigose; leaf 

blades oblong-ovate to oblong-elliptic, to 35 cm 

long and 15 cm wide, acuminate to obtuse, narrowed at the base, thin, entire, sparingly appressedpilosulous; petioles slender, to 4 cm long; spikes 

terminal, solitary or several in a cluster, rigid, to 

25 cm long, 1-2 cm in diameter, the rachis whitecottony-tomentose; bracts closely imbricate, entire, 

about 12 mm long and 10 mm wide, firm, ovate, 

obtuse, glabrous, or minutely ciliolate toward the 

tip, rather strongly nerved, bearing dorsally a 

pair of oval, glandular-alveolate spots about 3 mm 

long and 1.5 mm wide, the costa and the 2 lateral 

nerves predominant; bractlets linear, 12 mm long 

and 2 mm wide, carinate, striate, the keel tomentose; calyx segments oblong, 17-18 mm long, 3-5 

mm wide, coriaceous, glabrous, striate; corolla red 

to orange-red, 6.5-7 cm long, the upper lip erect, 

about 15 mm long, arching and acuminate at the 

tip, the lower lip 3-lobed, spreading, the middle 

lobe ovate, 2 cm long and about 9 mm wide, acuminate, the lateral lobes about 5 mm long, 

rounded at tip, their upper edge adnate to the 

upper lip; capsule about 2 cm long, glabrous, 

puncticulate; seeds flat, brown, about 5 mm long 

and 4 mm wide, glabrous. 

TYPE.-Moritz I723 (holotype B, destroyed, F 

photo 8711, isotypes FI, K, P, W), Venezuela, Aragua, Colonia Tovar, Jan 1852. 

DISTRIBUTION.-Northern Venezuela at elevations between 240-1600 meters. VENEZUELA. FEDERAL DISTRICT: Hacienda Puerto La Cruz, Coastal 

Range, 0-2300 m alt, 28 Aug-4 Sep 1918, Pittier 

8072 (US). ARAGUA: Tovar, VogeZ I476 (W); 

Colonia Tovar, Karsten s.n. (W); Parque Nacional 

“H. Pittier,” on Pic0 Periquito, 1250-1600 m alt. 

4 Sep 1960, Steyermark di+ Agostini 3 (VEN, US); 

Parque Nacional “H. Pittier,” along trail of Cerro 

Guacamayo, 4 Sep 1960, Steyermark di+ Agostini 2? 

(VEN, US); forest of Rancho Grande, 1000 m alt. 

N side, 29 Ju1 1937, Pittier 14090 (F, US, VEN); 

Parque Nacional, between Rancho Grande and 

Maracay, 240-455 m alt, 9 Dec 1943, Steyermark 

54962 (US); Parque Nacional, El Paraiso (Cerro 

Periquito), 1300 m alt, Aug 1947, Pittier 15.535 

(US, VEN); El Portachuelo, road from Maracay to 

Ocumare, 1100 m alt, 8 May 1925, Pittier I1825 

(US, VEN); El Portachuelo, 1100 m alt, WiZZiams 

I0516 (US, VEN); Forest of Rancho Grande, 

Parque Nacional, 1000 m alt, Nov 1938, Alston I20 

(VEN); Rancho Grande, 1060 m alt, 16 Apr 1951, 

Garcia I3 (VEN); Colonia Tovar, 2000 m alt, Engels 

s.n. (LE). CARABOBO: Hacienda de Cura, near San 

Joaquin, 480-1200 m alt, 15 Aug 1918, Pittier 8027 

(US). 

92. Aphelandra taborensis Leonard 

Aphelandra taborensis Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 

181. 1953. 

Small branching tree; tips of the stems densely 

strigose, the lower portions glabrate; leaf blades 

oblanceolate, 12-13.5 cm long, 3-4.5 cm wide or 

those subtending the spikes smaller, acuminate, 

the tip itself blunt, gradually narrowed from above 

middle to the base, gray-green, the upper surface 

drying olive, glabrate or the younger leaves rather 

densely strigose, the lower surface drying grayish 

olive, densely pubescent, the hairs on the costa 

and veins appressed, light brown, the costa and 

lateral veins (11 or 12 pairs) prominent, especially 

on the lower surface; petioles about 1 cm long, 

appressed-pubescent; spikes usually 3, terminal 

and subterminal, the peduncles 1-2 cm long, the 

spikes 4-7 cm long and 1.5 cm broad, both peduncles and rachis densely brown-pubescent; bracts 

ovate, 9-10 mm long, 7.5 mm wide, obtuse and 

minutely apiculate, rose-violet, coriaceous, entire, 

densely pubescent dorsally, the glandular area 

on either side poorly defined, the individual 

ocelli joined to form a small pitted area; bractlets 

lanceolate, 11 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, acuminate, 

obliquely carinate, densely pubescent dorsally, 

striate-nerved; calyx 14 mm long, the segments 

lanceolate, the posterior segment 5 mm wide, the 

anterior pair 3 mm wide, the lateral pair 2.5 mm 

wide, all acute, puberulous dorsally, striate-nerved; 

corollas about 5.8 cm long, bright red, puberulous, 

except the basal portion, the tube 2 mm broad at 

base, enlarged to 3 mm, thence narrowed to 2 mm 

at 7 mm above base, then gradually enlarged to 5 

mm at throat, the upper lip erect, elliptic, 17 mm 

long, about 8 mm wide at middle, 2-lobed at apex, 

the lobes triangular, 2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 

acute, the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe 

spreading, lanceolate, 24 mm long, about 8 mm 

wide below middle, obtuse and minutely apiculate 

at tip, the lateral lobes 9 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 

subacute, their upper margins partly attached to 
82 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

the upper lip, their free portion triangular; stamens reaching the sinus of the upper lip; anthers 

6 mm long, their lobes minutely apiculate at 

base; filaments glabrous; the pistil slightly exceeding the stamens; ovary glabrous; mature capsule 

not seen. 

TYPE.-J. Cuatrecasas 22284 (holotype US), Colombia, Valle, on Monte El Tabor, on the ridge of 

the Cordillera Occidental, above Las Brisas, 1970- 

2100 m alt, 19 Oct 1946. 

DIsTRrsuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality. 

93. Aphelundra attenuata Wasshausen 

Aphelandra attenuata Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:487. 1973. 

An erect, soft-wooded shrub 2.4-3 m high; stems 

quadrangular toward tip, puberulous; leaf blades 

elliptic to oblong, 24-27 cm long and 6-7.5 cm 

wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself rounded), 

narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, 

submembranaceous, entire or shallowly undulate, 

the upper surface drying olivaceous, glabrous, the 

costa and lateral veins (1 1-15 pairs) slightly raised, 

scarcely conspicuous, the lower surface drying to 

grayish olivaceous, glabrous or the costa and lateral veins sparingly puberulous; petioles (unwinged portion) 1-2.5 cm long, the pubescence 

similar to that of the stem; flowers borne on one 

or several, terminal, subsessile spikes, these 10-1 1 

cm long and 1.5-2 cm wide, the peduncle 7-8 mm 

long, densely puberulous, the rachis glabrous; 

bracts imbricate, entire, red, coriaceous, ovate, 

11-12 mm long and 10-1 1 mm wide, obtuse, gla - 

brous, the costa rather prominent, the flanking 

nerves fairly prominent except toward tip, ocelli 

replaced by elliptical, dull blackish brown faveolate 

areas 2 mm long and 1 mm wide; bractlets lanceovate, falcate, carinate, 10 mm long, 4 mm wide, 

acutish, the costa and keel densely hirsute, the 

marginal area glabrous, bordered by a narrow subhyaline edging, the tip more or less ciliate; calyx 

segments oblong, 12-13 mm long, subequal, the 

posterior segment 7 mm wide, the anterior pair 

slightly over 4.5 mm wide, the lateral segments 3.5 

mm wide, all glabrous and striate-nerved, ciliate, 

rounded and minutely mucronate at tip, indurate 

at base; corolla red or orange, glabrous and densely 

papillose, 6 cm long from base to tip of upper lip, 

3 mm broad at bases, 6 mm broad at mouth, the 

upper lip erect, ovate, 22 mm long and 9 mm wide, 

bilobed at tip, the lobes triangular, 9 mm long, 4 

mm wide, acute, the lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, 

the middle lobe of the lower lip oblong, 2.5 cm 

long, 7 mni wide, the submucronate tip slightly 

recurved, the lateral lobes 6.5 mm long, partly 

adnate to the lower part of the upper lip, their 

free portions 1 mm long and 1 mm wide, acute: 

stamens exserted about 2 cm beyond the mouth 

of the corolla tube; anthers 9 mm long, 1 mm 

broad, acute; capsule not seen. 

TwE.-Dodson S Thien 1647 (holotype US), 

Ecuador, Guayas, Manglaralto, 0-50 m alt, 20 Dec 

1961. 

DISTRIBUTION.-In Ecuador at elevations below 

600 meters. ECUADOR. EL ORO: Between Santa Rosa 

and La Chorita, 0-100 m alt, 27 Aug 1923, Hitchcock 21117 (US). PICHINCHA: 40 km SW of Santo 

Doming0 on east bank of Rio Peripa, 250 m alt, 3 

Nov 1961, Dodson Q Thien 1250 (MO, US). LOS 

RIOS: Montalvo, Bosque de Oro near Hac. Las Balsas, 300-400 m alt, 28 Jun 1964, Jativa Q Epling 

639 (US). NAPO-PASTAZA: Tena, 27 Sep 1939, Asplund 8879 (S); between Tena and Archidona, 9 

Oct 1939, Asplund 9185 (S); Cerro Antisana, secondary forest N of Tena, 600 m alt, Grubb, Lloyd, 

Pennington Q Whitmore 14 (K, NY, Q); Rio 

Aguarrico, Santo Cecilia, 220 m alt, 24 Nov 1966, 

Sparre 13119, 13122 (S); 60 km along Rio Payamino, W of Coca, 350 m alt, 18 Jun 1968, HolmNielsen S Jeppesen 743 (AAU, US). WITHOUT 

EXACT LOCALITY. Ecuador, Warscewicr s.n. (B, destroyed, F photo 8698); junction of the provinces 

of Guayas, Canar, Chimborazo & Bolivar, foothills 

of the western cordillera near Bucay, 300-375 m 

alt, 8-15 Jun 1945, Camp E-3667 (NY, US): Bolivia 

(probably Ecuador), Ju1 1884, Veitch s.n. (K). 

This species is very similar in general aspect to 

Aphelandra crenata Leonard, but its narrower, 

entire or shallowly undulate leaf blades, shorter 

calyx segments. and shorter corollas, set it well 

apart. 

94. Aphelundra crenata Leonard 

Aphelandra crenata Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 

259. 1953. 

An erect soft-wooded shrub; stems quadrangular 
NUMBER 18 83 

toward tip, glabrous; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 

to 40 cm long and 13.5 cm wide, short-acuminate, 

narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, 

submembranaceous, prominently and irregularly 

crenate except the narrowed basal portion, the 

upper surface drying olivaceous, glabrous, the 

costa and lateral veins (16-18 pairs) slightly raised, 

scarcely conspicuous, the lower surface drying 

grayish green, glabrous or the costa and lateral 

veins sparingly puberulous; spikes several, to 16 

cm long and 3 cm broad, the terminal ones subsessile, the lateral borne on peduncles to 3.5 cm 

long, these glabrous or sparingly strigillose, the 

rachis glabrous; bracts coriaceous, scarlet in live 

plants, drying light brown proximally, shading to 

blackish brown toward tip, entire, glabrous, ovate, 

10-13 mm long and 8-10 mm wide, obtuse, the 

costa rather prominent, ending in a minute mucro, 

the flanking nerves fairly prominent except toward 

tip, ocelli replaced by elliptical, dull blackish 

brown, faveolate areas to 4 mm long and 2 mm 

wide; bractlets lanceolate, falcate, carinate, 10 mm 

long, slightly over 3 mm wide, slightly acute, the 

costa and keel densely hirsute, the hairs yellowish, 

about 0.5 mm long, the marginal areas glabrous, 

bordered by a narrow subhyaline edging, the tip 

more or less ciliate; calyx 16-17 mm long, the 

posterior segment oblong, slightly over 7 mm wide, 

the anterior segments narrowly oblong, 5 mm wide, 

the lateral pair linear-oblong, 3 mm wide, all 

minutely scurfy within, glabrous and striate-nerved 

without, ciliate, rounded and minutely mucronate 

at tip, indurate at base; corolla rose to red, densely 

papillose, 6.5-7 cm long from base to tip of upper lip, 

4 mm broad at base, narrowed to 2 mm at 5 mm 

above base, thence enlarged to a slightly curved subcylindric throat 7 mm broad at mouth, the upper lip 

erect, elliptic, about 23 mm long and 9 mm wide, 

bilobed, the lobes triangular, 9 mm long, 4 mm wide, 

acute, the middle lobe of the lower lip spreading, 

narrowly elliptic, 2.5-3 cm long, 9 cm wide, the submucronate tip slightly recurved, the lateral lobes 

about 1 cm long, partly adnate to the lower part 

of the upper lip, their free portion 2 mm long and 

1.5 mm wide, rounded; stamens exserted about 1 

cm beyond mouth of the corolla tube; anthers 8 

mm long, acute at base, blunt at tip; capsule not 

seen. 

TYPE.-Huught 1464 (holotype US), Colombia, 

Santander, Camp Zarzal, in the vicinity of Barranca Bermeja, in the Magdalena Valley, between the 

Sogamoso and Colorado rivers, 100-500 m alt, 15 

Dec 1934. 

DISTRIBUTION.-Along streams and wooded mountain slopes at lower elevations, found in the departments of Santander, Meta, Caqueta, and Antioquia of Colombia. COLOMBIA. SANTANDER: 40 

km SE of Barrancabermeja, at the junction of the 

Colorado and Llana rivers, 400-500 m alt, Dec 

1957, Uribe 3099 (COL). META: Cordillera La 

Macarena, at Guapayita, 500-600 m alt, 20-28 Dec 

1950, Zdrobo ii?. Schultes 885 (COL, US). CAQUETA: 

Morelia, 150-300 m alt, 7 Oct 1941, Sneidern 1102 

(COL). 4NTIOQUIA: Uraba. Mutata, 100 m alt, 17 

Jan 1947, UriOe 1502 (COL). NARINO: Mocoa. 

1898-99, Sprugue s.n. (K). 

95. Aphelnndra lingua-bovis Leonard 

Aphelandra lingua-bovis Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 

%1:268. 1953. 

Small shrubs; stems simple or sparingly 

branched, terete or subquadrangular toward tip, 

densely strigillose; leaf blades elliptic, oblong or 

broadly oblanceolate, to 36 cm long and 14.5 cm 

wide, acuminate, gradually narrowed to base and 

decurrent on the petiole, subchartaceous, entire or 

undulate, the upper surface drying green or olive, 

glabrous or the younger leaves sparingly strigose, 

the costa and lateral veins (14-20 pairs) flat or 

slightly raised, fairly conspicuous, the lower surface 

drying a somewhat lighter shade than the upper, 

finely strigillose, densely so on the costa and veins, 

these raised and fairly conspicuous; petioles (unwinged portion) to 3 cm long, the pubescence that 

of the stems; spikes solitary or several, terminal, to 

25 cm long and 1.5 cm broad, the peduncles about 

5 mm long, strigose, the rachis glabrous; bracts 

bright red (living), drying brownish red, entire, 

rhombic-ovate, 15 mm long, 11 mm wide, slightly 

obtuse, glabrous or bearing a few minute hairs toward tip, minutely and sparingly scurfy without, 

the costa prominent and excurrent, ending in a 

minute mucro, the lateral nerves rather prominent, 

reticulately anastomosing toward tip, the margins 

ciliolate, the ocelli replaced by dull brown, alveolar, elliptic areas to 3 mm long and 1 mm wide; 

bractlets lanceolate, 16 mm long, 3 mm wide, acuminate, the keel hirsute; calyx 18 mm long, the 
84 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

posterior segment oblong-lanceolate, 6 mm wide, 

hirsute-strigose dorsally, acute, the anterior pair 

narrowly oblong, about 3 mm wide, the lateral pair 

slightly narrower than the anterior, both pairs 

glabrous, acute to acuminate, ciliate at tip, all 5 

segments delicately striate-nerved; corolla 5.5-6 cm 

long, bright red or reddish yellow, puberulous, the 

tube subcylindric, slightly curved, 3.5 mm broad 

at base, 6 mm broad at mouth, the upper lip erect, 

elliptic, 16 mm long, 7 mm wide, the lobes triangular, 4 mm long, partly adnate to the lower 

part of the upper lip, the free portions triangular, 

about 1.5 mm long and 1 mm wide, acute; stamens 

slightly exserted; anthers 6 mm long and 1 mm 

broad at base, apiculate at both ends, the tip 

arachnoid-pilose; capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-W. A. Archer 2012 (holotype US), Colombia, Choc6, La Concepcion, 15 km E of Quibd6, 

75 m alt, 30 Apr 1931. 

DISTRIBUTION.-At low elevations, less than 100 

meters, in Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia. 

COSTA RICA. PUNTARENAS: Between Golfo Dulce 

and Rio Terraba, 30 m alt, Dec 1947, Skutch 5284 

(US); Canton de Osa, vicinity Tinoco Station, area 

between Rio Esquinas and Palmar Sur de Osa, 30 

m alt, 16 Mar 1950, Allen 5477 (US); Palmar, 5 

Mar 1956, Schubert 1156 (US); 10 km SE of Palmar 

Norte along Interamerican Hwy, 20 m alt, 26 Jan 

1967, Burger Q Matta 4650 (F, US). PANAMA. 

BOCAS DEL TORO: Pumpkin River, vicinity of Chiriqui Lagoon, 31 Ju1 1941, von Wedel 2589 (US). 

DARIEN: Vicinity of Pinogana, 20 m alt, 6 Oct 1938, 

Allen 924 (MO, US). COLOMBIA. ANTIOQUIA: 

Villa Arteaga, 150 m alt, 4-8 Aug 1947, Hodge 7012 

(US). CALDAS: Santa Cecilia, 800 m alt, 30 Nov 

1945, von Sneidern 5080 (US). CHOCO: Between La 

Oveja and Quibdo, 1-2 Apr 1931, Archer 1731 

(US); Rio Atrato, Tanando, 60 m alt, 1 Apr 1958, 

Cuatrecasas Q Llano 24118 (US); Rio Taparal, off 

Rio San Juan, 30 m alt, 17 Aug 1962. Robinson 

229 (COL, US). 

96. Aphelandra chaponensis Leonard 

Aphelandra chaponensis Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 

Aphelandra atecmarta Leonard, Contrib. C.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 

31:273. 1953. 

726. 1958. 

Shrubs to 3 m high or more; stems subquadrangular, strigillose; leaf blades oblong-elliptic or 

broadly oblanceolate, 25-20 cm long, 9-12.5 cm 

wide, acute or short-acuminate (the tip itself 

blunt), narrowed at base and decurrent on the 

petiole, submembranaceous, entire or undulate, 

the upper surface drying olivaceous, glabrous to 

sparingly strigillose, the hairs confined chiefly to 

the costa and lateral veins (14-16 pairs), both 

costa and veins flat or slightly raised, inconspicuous, 

the lower surface drying dull brownish green, the 

pubescence that of the upper surface but denser 

and more evenly distributed, the costa and veins 

slightly raised, more conspicuous than above; petioles (unwinged portion) to 4 cm long, the pubescence that of the stem; spikes 1 to several, terminal 

and subterminal, to 23 cm long and 10-15 mm 

broad, the peduncles 1-2 cm long and 4 mm thick, 

the pubescence that of the stem, the rachis glabrous to glabrate; bracts rhombic-ovate, entire, 

12-13 mm long, 9-10 mm wide, subobtuse to subacute, nitid within, dull, glabrous and minutely 

roughened without, the margins subhyaline and 

ciliolate, the costa prominent to tip of bract but 

scarcely excurrent, the lateral nerves prominent 

except toward tip, the ocelli replaced by dull pitted areas to 1.5 mm long and 1 mm wide; bractlets 

falcate-lanceolate, 10-14 mm long and 2.5-3 mm 

wide, acute, striate-nerved, carinate, the keel 

densely and softly hirsute, the marginal region 

(about 1 mm wide) glabrous and subhyaline, 

sparingly papillose; calyx 13-15 mm long, the posterior segment ovate, 6 mm wide, the anterior 

pair oblong-lanceolate, 3.5 mm wide, the lateral 

pair more narrowly lanceolate, about 3 mm wide, 

all obtuse, more or less apiculate, finely striatenerved, hirtellous and ciliolate toward tip, glabrous 

toward base; corolla orange to red, to 6 cm long, 

papillose-puberulous except the glabrous basal 

portion, the tube subcylindrical or rather narrowly 

infundibuliform, 34 mm wide at or near base, 7 

mm wide at mouth, the upper lip erect, ovate, 

10-14 mm long, 7.5-10 mm wide, bilobed at tip, 

the lobes narrowly triangular, 2.5-3 mm long, 

1.5-2 mm wide at base, acuminate, the middle lobe 

of the lower lip ovate, 11-17 mm long and 6-8 

mm wide, acuminate, carinate toward tip, the lateral lobes elliptic, 4-5 mm long and 2 mm wide, 

adnate in part to the upper lip of the corolla, the 

free portion about 1.5 long and broad, rounded; 

stamens reaching the tip of the upper lip; anthers 

6-7 mm long and 1-1.5 mm broad, glabrous except 
NUMBER IS 85 

the arachnoid tip, acute at both ends; style glabrous or sparingly pilose at base; ovary glabrous; 

capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-A. E. Lawrance 18 (holotype US, isotype K), Colombia, Boyaca, in the region of Mount 

Chapdn, 1050 m alt, 8 May 1932. 

DIsmIsuTIoN.-Andean Colombia, in the departments of Boyaca and Cundinamarca at elevations 

above 1000 meters. COLOMBIA. CUNDINAMARCA: On 

the Caraucha Range, E of Ibama, 13 km E of 

Yacopi, near Boyaca border, 2250 m alt, 8 May 

1944, Grant 9167 (US, holotype of A. atecmarta 

Leonard). 

97. Aphelandra hartwegiana Nees ex Bentham 

Aphelandra hartwegiana Nees ex Bentham, P1. Hartw. 236. 

1846; in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:296. 1847.-Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 31:246, 1953. 

Slender shrubs or small trees to 4 m high; stems 

quadrangular toward tip, minutely strigose; leaf 

blades oblong-ovate to elliptic, to 30 cm long and 

15 cm wide, acuminate (the tip itself obtuse and 

submucronulate), narrowed at base and decurrent 

on the petiole, subcoriaceous, entire or undulate, 

the upper surface glabrous, dark yellowish green, 

drying olive or brownish, the costa shallowly channeled, the lateral veins (12-14 pairs) slightly 

raised, these and the costa scarcely conspicuous, 

the lower surface light green, drying light olive, 

inconspicuously strigose, the hairs sordid, more 

numerous on costa and veins than elsewhere, 

those bordering costa sometimes strigose-hirsute; 

petioles (unwinged portion) 1.5-2 cm long, strigillose; spikes terminal, solitary or often several, to 

45 cm long and 3 cm broad, the peduncles of the 

terminal spike to 2 cm long, those of the lateral 

spikes to 14 cm long, both peduncles and rachis 

stout, about 6 mm in diameter, glabrous or sparingly strigose; bracts red or orange (living), drying 

to brown (the border usually blackish brown), entire, broadly rhombic-ovate, 16 mm long, 12 mm 

wide, obtuse or rounded, more or less apiculate, 

coriaceous, glabrous, the costa and lateral nerves 

prominent except toward tip, the ocelli replaced 

by irregular, elliptic, brown, faveolate areas to 

about 4 mm long and 1.5 mm wide; bractlets oblong, falcate, oblique, 10 mm long, about 4 mm 

broad, subcarinate, obtuse, glabrous except the 

minutely, sparingly hirsute keel, the hairs about 

0.25 mm long; calyx 21 mm long, the posterior 

segment oblong-elliptic, 8.5 mm wide, the anterior 

pair oblong, 4.5 mm wide, the lateral pair linearoblong, 3.5 mm wide, all coriaceous, glabrous, 

slightly obtuse to acute, submucronulate at tip; 

corolla 6-7 cm long, glabrous, yellow, the upper 

lip erect, lanceolate, 2 cm long, about 6 mm wide, 

bilobed; the lobes triangular, about 5 mm long 

and 3 mm wide, acuminate and apiculate, the 

middle lobe of the lower lip spreading, lance-ovate, 

about 2 cm long and 12 mm wide, acuminate, the 

lateral segments about 7 mm long, partly adnate 

to the upper lip of the corolla, their free portions 

triangular, about 1.5 mm long and 1 mm wide, 

obtuse; capsules (immature) obovoid, about 13 

mm long and 4 mm in diameter, glabrous, nitid, 

sparingly puncticulate. 

TYPE.-Hartweg 1270 (holotype K), Colombia, 

Cundinamarca, in shady woods on the Hacienda 

de Palmar, near Guaduas. 

DIsTRIBUTI0N.-Forests, along streams and wooded mountain slopes at elevations usually below 

100 m. In southern Panama, in the provinces of 

Colon, Panama, San Blas, and Darien. In Colombia 

the species is found in the departments of Antioquia, Choco, and Valle. PANAMA. COLON: Around 

Dos Bocas, Rio Fato valley, 40-80 m alt, 16 Aug 

1911, Pittier 4195 (US). PANAMA Piria, 150 m alt, 

24 Sep 1967, Duke 14434 (US). SAN BLAS: Mainland opposite Ailigandi, from mouth of Ailigandi 

River to 2.5 m inland, 7-8 Dec 1966, Lewis, Dwyer, 

Elias, dr Solis 191 (GH, K, MO, UC, US). DARIEN: 

Vicinity of Pinogana, 20 m alt, 6 Oct 1938, Allen 

921 (MO, US); vicinity of Paya, Rio Paya; trail 

between Paya and Payita, 9 Jun 1959, Stern, Chambers, Dwyer, Q Ebinger 177 (US); Camp Tiotuma, 

50 m alt, 15 Mar 1968, Duke 15515 (US); along the 

Sambu River, Feb 1912, Pittier 5557 (US). CoLOMBIA. ANTIOQUIA: Villa Arteaga, 4-8 Aug 1947, 

Hodge 7053 (US); near Chigorodo, 40 m S of 

Turbo, 50 m alt, 22 May 1945, Haught 4699 (US); 

Rio Curepa, 12 km NE of Chicorodo, 35 km S of 

Turbo, 100 m alt, 1 Jun 1945, Haught 4739 (COL); 

Chigorodo, highway to Turbo, 20, 23 Dec 1962, 

Garcia-Barriga 17656 (COL); between Villa Areteaga and Chigorodo, at Lomitas, 1 Oct 1961, Cuatrecasas dr Willard 26108 (US); Zona Cauchera de 

Villa Arteaga, 21 Dec 1952, Cabrera 43 (COL); 

Mutata , 100 m alt, 17 Jan 1947, Uribe 1505 (US); 

around Rio Ampurrumiado, 11 Oct 1947, Gutie'rrer 
86 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

6. Barkley 17C141 (COL), 17C153 (COL). CHOCO: 

Tilupo, municipio de Riosucio, 16 Jun 1957, Romero 6268 (COL); municipio de Riosucio, at edge 

of the Rio Truando, between the junction of the 

Rio Chintado and Salado, 24 Oct 1956, Romero 

6126, 6127 (COL); municipio de Riosucio, banks 

of the Rio Chintado, 3 km from the mouth of the 

Rio Truado, 12 Nov 1956, Romero 6184 (COL); 

around the falls of the Rio Truand6, 2 Ju1 1954, 

Romero 4669 (COL); Rio Jurado, 100 m alt, 9 Nov 

1940, Sneidern 201 (COL); Cupica, 14 Jun 1950, 

Fernandez 354 (COL, US) Bahia Solano: dense 

forest along Quebrada Jellita; 50-100 m alt, 22 

Feb 1939, KiZlip Q Garcia 35639 (US). VALLE: La 

Trojita, Rio Calima, 5-50 m alt, 19 Feb-10 Mar 

1944, Cuatrecasas 16355 (COL). DEPARTMENT (?); 

Playa, Lehmann 9047 (K). 

98. Aphelandra scolnikne Leonard 

Aphelandra scolnikae Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 

252. 1953. 

Shrubs to 3 m high; stems woody, terete, strigose; 

leaf blades oblong-ovate to elliptic, to 14 cm long 

and 5 cm wide, short-acuminate (the tip blunt), 

narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, 

subcoriaceous, undulate to crenate, the upper surface glabrous or nearly so, the lower surface 

brownish strigose, the costa and lateral veins (8-10 

pairs) rather prominent; petioles (unwinged 

portion to 1 cm long, densely strigose; spikes several, terminal and subterminal, pedunculate, to 

10 cm long, about 1 cm broad, the peduncles to 1 

cm long and 1.5 mm in diameter, minutely strigose, 

the rachis white-tomentose; bracts entire, rhombicovate, drying brownish orange, 9-10 mm long, 

5.5-6 mm wide slightly below middle, acute, subtomentose at base, the medial region moderately 

strigose, the marginal region glabrous and subhyaline, ciliolate, the inner surface glabrous, the costa 

and lateral nerves inconspicuous, the alveolar spot 

elliptic, about 1 mm long and 0.5 mm wide, brown; 

bractlets lanceolate, 8 mm long, 2 mm wide, 

acuminate, carinate, the keel densely whitish pubescent; calyx ll mm long, the posterior segment 

oblong, 3.5 mm wide, the medial region finely 

pubescent, the anterior and lateral segments narrowly oblong, 2-2.5 mm wide, glabrous toward 

base, puberulous toward tip, all segments coriaceous, striate-nerved and subacute at tip; corollas 

not seen; ovary glabrous; capsule subclavate, 12 

mm long, about 4 mm broad and 3 mm thick, 

rounded at tip, glabrous. 

TYPE.-Burkky, Scolnik (1. Orozco 523 (holotype 

US), Colombia, Antioquia, below the divide, Santa 

Elena, along road betweeen Medellin and Rionegro, 2500 m alt, 2 Apr 1949. 

DIsmIBuTIoN.-At elevations above 1700 meters 

in the department of Antioquia, Colombia. CoLOMBIA. ANTIOQUIA: Dense wooded region near 

La Palmitas, 1700 m alt, 5 Mar 1949, Barkley, Rios, 

& Betancourt 618 (US); in the Boqueron de San 

Cristobal, 2500 m alt, 5 Mar 1949, Scolnik, Burkley, 

6 Penu 554 (US). 

99. Aphelandra pharangophila Leonard 

Aphelandra pharangophila Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 

Aphelandra arborescens Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 

51:275. 1953. 

31277. 1953. 

Shrubs or small trees to 5 m high, with brownish 

pubescence; stems subquadrangular, glabrous below, the tips densely strigose, the hairs 0.5 mm 

long; leaf blades oblanceolate to broadly oblanceolate or obovate, to 25 cm long and 10 cm wide, 

acute to acuminate at apex (the tip itself blunt), 

narrowed from about middle to base and decurrent on the petiole, drying olive brown, subchartaceous, the margins entire or undulate, the upper 

surface glabrous or nearly so, the costa and lateral 

veins (13-15 pairs) sometimes bearing a few small 

appressed hairs, the lower surface drying yellowish, 

finely pubescent, the costa and veins prominent; 

petioles (unwinged portion) 1-4 cm long, the hairs 

resembling those of the stem tips; spikes 1 to several, short-pedunculate, 3.5-10 cm long, about 1 

cm broad, the peduncles 5-20 mm long, densely 

strigose, the rachis glabrous to densely pubescent 

at and near insertion of the bracts; bracts carmine, 

rhombic-ovate, entire, 7-10 mm long, 5.5-6 mm 

wide, rounded at tip, glabrous within, strigose 

without, the hairs borne medially for the most 

part, the margins ciliate, the ocelli consisting of 

elliptic, dark brown alevolate areas, to 1.25 mm 

long and 0.75-1 mm wide; bractlets narrowly and 

obliquely lanceolate, 6.5-7 mm long, 1-1.75 mm 

wide near base, gradually narrowed to a slender 

tip, carinate, densely hirsute dorsally, the hairs 

about 0.5 mm long, the margins thin, glabrous and 
NUMBER 18 87 

delicately striate; calyx 7-8 mm long, the posterior 

segment oblong, 4 mm wide, acute, the anterior 

segments lanceolate, 2 mm wide, acute, the lateral 

pair narrowly lanceolate, 1.5 mm wide at base, 

slenderly acute, all of the segments finely striate, 

glabrous except at tips, here puberulous; corolla 

carmine, minutely papillose, 5.5-6.5 cm long, the 

tube 4.5 cm long, 3-3.5 mm broad at base, narrowed at 4 mm above base to 2 mm, thence enlarged to about 7.5 mm at throat, the upper lip 

erect, oblong, 1.7-2 cm long and 1 cm wide, bilobed, 

the lobes triangular and slenderly acuminate, 5 

mm long, 2 mm wide at base, the tips outwardly 

curved, the middle lobe of the lower lip oblong to 

narrowly ovate, about 2 cm long, 5 mm wide near 

middle, slenderly acuminate at tip, the lateral 

lobes adhering to the lower part of the upper lip, 

their free portions triangular, 1.5 mm long, 1 mm 

wide at base, rounded at tip; stamens reaching the 

notch of the upper lip; anthers 4.5 mm long, 0.75 

mm wide, rounded and minutely apiculate at base; 

filaments glabrous toward tip, somewhat pilose 

toward base; ovary glabrous; style about as long 

as the stamens; capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-E. Killip 5676 (holotype GH), Colombia, 

Valle, in wooded ravine at La Cumbre, 1600-1800 

m alt, 14-19 May 1922. 

DIsTRIBUTION.-At elevations above 1000 meters 

in the departments of Tolima, Valle, and Cauca, 

Colombia. COLOMBIA. TOLIMA: Quindio, 1854, 

Triann s.n. (COL, K, P). VALLE: At La Laguna, 

on the left bank of the Rio Sanguinini, 1400 m alt, 

10-20 Dec 1943,Cuatrecasus 15400 (US, holotype of 

A. arborescens Leonard); Rio Cauca, 1200 m alt, 

10 Aug 1930, Dryander 681 (US); junction of the 

Pichindecito and Pichinde rivers, 1580-1650 m alt, 

7 Nov 1944, Cuatrecasas 18751 (COL); Rio Bravo, 

NW of Darien, 1410 m alt, 26 Jun 1962, HughJones 121 (K, US); near Las Ollas, NW of 

Restrepo, 1200 m alt, 9 Aug. 1962, Robinson 176 

(K, US); Prov. Cauca, Timba, 1100 m alt, 3 Mar 

1937, von Sneidern 1113 (S, US). CAUCA: Aganche, 

Lehmann B.T. 1165 (K, NY). 

100. Aphelandra barkleyi Leonard 

Aphelandra burkkyi Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 

221. 1953. 

Suffrutescent shrub to 1 m high; stems glabrous; 

leaf blades oblong-elliptic, to 35 cm long and 12.5 

cm wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), 

more or less abruptly narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, membranaceous, entire, undulate or subcrenate, glabrous or the lower surface 

sparingly strigillose, the costa and lateral veins 

(15 or 16 pairs) slender but prominent; petioles 

(unwinged portion) to 5 cm long, glabrous to 

sparingly strigillose; spikes 1 to several, to 15 cm 

or occasionally as much as 30 cm long, 1 cm broad, 

the terminal spike subsessile, the others shortpeduncled, the peduncles to 1 cm long, glabrous, 

the rachis white-flocculose-tomentose; bracts 

rhombic-ovate, light brown, entire, 7.5 mm long, 

6 mm wide at 3.5 mm above base, subacute, drying 

light brown, glabrous or the medial region puberulous, the margins densely ciliolate, the costa and 

lateral nerves (several pairs) prominent, ocelli 

usually 6 or 7, suborbicular, 0.5-0.75 mm in diameter, light brown, nitid, contiguous; bractlets 

lanceolate, oblique, carinate, 8 mm long, 2 mm 

wide near base, finely striate-nerved, subhyaline on 

margin, glabrous within, pubescent without; calyx 

segments 8 mm long, acute coriaceous, striatenerved, pilose at tip, otherwise puberulous, the 

posterior segment narrowly ovate, 4 mm wide, the 

anterior pair oblong-lanceolate, 3 mm wide, the 

lateral pair linear-lanceolate, 1.5 mm wide; 

corolla scarlet, papillose, 5-5.5 cm long, the tube 

4 mm broad at base, narrowed to 1.5 mm at 6 mm 

above base, thence enlarged to a subcylindric 

throat, 6.5 mm broad at mouth, the upper lip 

erect, oblongovate, 18 mm long, 7 mm wide, bilobed at apex, the lobes triangular, 7 mm long, 

3.5 mm wide at base, acuminate, the lower lip 

trilobed, the middle lobe more or less spreading, 

lanceolate, about 18 mm long, 6 mm wide, acuminate and recurved at tip, the lateral lobes oblong, about 4 mm long and 1 mm wide, slightly 

obtuse, their upper margins connate with the 

lower part of the upper lip; stamens reaching 

notch of the upper lip; anthers 6.5 mm long, 1.5 

mm broad, obtuse and apiculate at both ends; 

filaments glabrous or puberulous near base; ovary 

glabrous. 

TypE.-Araque-Molina & Barkley 18M.033 (holo. 

type US), Colombia, Meta, on the banks of the 

Rio Guatiquia between the foothills and plains in 

the vicinity of Villavicencio, 350 m alt, 20 Nov 

1948. 

DIsTRIsuTIoN.-Endemic in the vicinity of Villa- 
88 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

vicencio, Colombia, at elevations below 500 meters. 

COLOMBIA. CUNDINAMARCA-META: Quetame to Villavicencio, 500 m alt, Jan 1930, Perez-Arbeldaz 35 

(COL). META: Along Rio Guatiquia, near Villavicencio, 500 m alt, 18-19 Mar 1939, Killip 34489 

(US); Rio Guejar, forest S of El Mico Airstrip, 400 

m alt, 7 Nov 1949, Philipson, Zdrobo, 6 Fernandez 

1351 (US); Villavicencio, 500 m alt, 9 Nov 1938, 

Cuatrecasas 4538 (US); 6 Jan 1939, Haught 2528 

(US); 19‘Mar 1939, Alston 7645 (US); Ocoa forest 

near Villavicencio, 21 Ju1 1945, Schiefer 851 (US); 

Villavicencio to Upin and return, Salitre, 408 m 

alt, 4 Jan 1876, Andre 1071 (K); Apiai, Llano de 

San Martin, Triana s.n. (COL); between Acacias 

and San Martin, near Rio Guamal, 430 m alt, 28 

JuI 1946, Uribe 1319 (COL). TOLIMA: “Andes de 

Mariquita,” Quindio, 1000 m alt, Mar 1852, Triana 

s.n. (K). 

101. Aphelandra pulcherrima (Jacquin) 

Humboldt, Bonpland, 81 Kunth 

FIGURE 17 

Aphelandra pulcherrima (Jacquin) Humboldt, Bonpland, & 

Justicia pulcherrima Jacquin, Enum. P1. Carib. 11. 1760; 

Justicia arborea Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8. 1768. 

Aphelandra cristata (Jacquin) R. Brown, sensu Bot. Mag. 38, 

pl. 1578. 1813 [not as to basionym]. 

Aphelandra pulcherrima (Jacquin) Humboldt, Bonpland, & 

Kunth var. deltoidea Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11296. 

1847. 

Aphelandra glabrata Willdenow ex Nees in de Candolle, 

Prodr. 11:296. 1847. 

Aphelandra daernonia Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 

223. 1953. 

Aphelandra sericophytla Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 

31:254. 1953. 

Aphelandra incerta Leonard, F1. Trinidad and Tobago 2362. 

1954. 

Shrubs or suffrutescent herbs to 4 m high; stems 

erect, sparingly branched, obscurely quadrangular 

toward tip, pubescent to tomentose, the lower 

portions of the stems terete, light grayish green, 

sparingly pubescent to glabrate; leaf blades ovate 

to oblong-elliptic, 8-27 cm long, 3.5-11 cm wide, 

short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt or apiculate 

to slightly acute), narrowed at base and decurrent 

on the petiole, entire, undulate or shallowly crenate, the upper surface drying olive, finely pubesKunth, Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2:236. 1817. 

Stirp. Amer. 6, pl. 2, fig. 4. 1763. 

cent to glabrate, the hairs curved, subappressed, 

the costa flat or shallowly impressed, the lateral 

veins (16-20 pairs) 3-4 mm apart, slightly raised, 

the lower surface drying to light green or gray, 

usually densely pubescent, mostly denser on costa 

and veins, these prominent, the veinlets finely reticulate; petioles about 5 mm long, the pubescence 

similar to that of the costa; spikes solitary or 

several in a fascicle, quadrangular, terminal, subsessile, to 20 cm long and 8 mm broad, the rachis 

white-cottony-tomentose; bracts rhombic-ovate, entire, 5-7 mm long, 4.5-6 mm wide at middle, 2-3 

mm wide at base, acute at apex, dorsally densely 

puberulous becoming white-pilose toward base, 

ventrally glabrous except toward margins, here 

finely pubescent, obscurely striate-nerved, the costa 

and a pair of lateral nerves prominent, reticulately 

veined toward margin, ocelli solitary, in twos, or 

sometimes several, distinct or more or less fused, 

conspicuous, orbicular to elliptic, 0.5-1 mm long, 

about 0.75 mm wide, dark brown or blackish, 

nitid; bractlets lanceolate, 6-7 mm long, about 2 

mm wide near base, acute at apex, falcate, obliquely subcarinate, puberulous without, glabrous 

within, finely striate-nerved; calyx 7-8 mm long, 

the posterior segment oblong, 3 mm wide, the lateral segments lanceolate, about 2 mm wide, the 

middle pair narrowly lanceolate, 1.5 mm wide, all 

acute and striate-nerved; corolla bright red or 

scarlet, puberulous, 5-6 cm long, about 3 mm 

broad at base, narrowed to 1.5 mm at tip of ovary, 

thence gradually enlarged and slightly ventricose, 

about 6 mm broad at mouth, the upper lip erect, 

ovate, 15-20 mm long, 9 mm wide, 2-lobed, the 

lobes narrowly triangular, 3.5-9 mm long and 1-4 

mm wide, slenderly acuminate, the lower lip 3- 

lobed, erect or spreading with age, the middle lobe 

linear-oblong, 22-24 mm long and 6-7 mm wide, 

abruptly acuminate, the lateral lobes about 3 mm 

long and 1 mm wide, slightly obtuse, adnate in 

part to the upper lip; stamens exserted about 7 

mm beyond the mouth of the corolla tube; ovary 

and style glabrous; capsules clavate, about 17 mm 

long, 6 mm broad toward tip, narrowed to 3 mm 

at base, glabrous, minutely gland-dotted; seeds flat, 

reddish brown, about 5 mm long and 4 mm broad, 

flattened, glabrous, or sparingly puberulous. 

TypE.-jacquin s.n. (holotype W), Colombia, 

Bolivar, “Habitat frequens Carthagenae in sylvaticus montis de la Popa.” Typification is made in 
NUMBER 18 89 

part on the basis of Jacquin’s illustration consisting of a leaf and a corolla. 

DrsTRIsuTIoN.-Woods and thickets, often along 

streams at various elevations ranging from sea 

level to 2200 meters. Costa Rica to Andean Bolivia 

and in a few West Indian localities. COSTA RICA. 

GUANACASTE: Boca Culebra, 50 m alt, 18 Jan 1898, 

Pittier 11.988 (US). ALAJUELA: Coyolar, May 1930, 

Porsch 766 (W). SAN JOSE: Along Rio Tarroza, 

between Frailes and San Andres, 1300 m alt, 22 

Dec 1966, Burger 4041 (F). PANAMA. CANAL ZONE: 

Along Rio Indio de Gatun, 14 Feb 1911, Maxon 

4807 (US). PANAMA: Along Charare River, above 

Chepo, 50-200 m alt, 29-30 Oct 1911, Pittier 4723 

(US). SAN BLAS: Headwaters of Rio Cuadi, Camp 

Diablo, 18 Dec 1967, Duke, Robyns, & Verhoek 

3611 (MO, US); mainland opposite Ailigandi, 

from mouth of Ailigandi River to 2.5 m inland, 

7-8 Dec 1966, Lewis, Dwyer, Elias, & Solis 172 

(MO, US); forests around Puerto Obaldia, San 

Blas coast, 0-50 m alt, Aug 1911, Pittier 4280 (US); 

beach E of Puerto Obaldia, 19 Aug 1971, Croat 

16890 (MO, US). DARIEN: Camp Summit, adjacent Darien-San Blas border along Sea Level Canal 

Route 17, 300-360 m alt, 18 Dec 1967, Oliver, 

BlackweEl, & Nowicke 3676 (MO, US.) “ST. 

THOMAS”: 1841, Finlay s.n. (P). Urban (Symb. Ant. 

3:47-48. 1902) noted that the Finlay collections at 

Paris, purportedly from “St. Thomas,” were probably collected in Trinidad. “MARTINIQUE”: 1860, 

Herb. Brongniart sen. (P), probably collected in 

the botanic garden. TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. Trinidad, 27 Nov 1888, Broadway s.n. (Herb. Trin. 

4500), (US, holotype of A. incerta Leonard); Trinidad, Richard sen. (P); Chacachacare, 5 Apr 1921, 

Britton, Freeman, 6 Brown 2761 (NY, US); Carrera Island, Feb 1867, Herb. Trin. 2898 (US); 

Maqueripe, coastal hillside, 3 Mar 1920, Britton, 

Britton, & Hazen 209 (NY, US); Blue Basin, 17 

Apr 1920, Britton, Britton, 6 Hazen 1906 (NY, 

US); Aripo Savannah at Waller Field, 9-23 Feb 

1950, Howard 10446 (US); Blue Basin, Diego Martin, l Jan 1926, Broadway 5875 (K); Montserrat 

hills, 11 Dec 1952, Herb. Trin. 14776 (K); Quarry 

Hill, Marac rd., 6 Nov 1929, Herb. Trin. 12291 

(K); Lockhart 130 (K); Tobago, 12 Aug 1910, 

Broadway s.n. (P); Tobago, Calder Hall, Nov 1889, 

Eggers 5721 (K, P, US); Ridge Forest above 

Hermitage River, N end of Main Ridge, 150-400 

m alt, 12 Apr 1959, Cowan 1549 (P, US); Forest 

Preserve, Northside Road, near 29.5 milepost, 360 

m alt, 23 Aug 1959, Webster, Miller, & Walker 

9841 (US); Spreyside, Ju1 1961, Snow s.n. (K); 

Lambeau Hill, 7 Oct 1937, Sandwith 1647 (K); 

Mt. Dillon, 300 m alt, 7 Dec 1949, Baker Q Dennis 

14537 (K). GUYANA. Ireng River, Oct-Jan 1884-85, 

Jenman 14 (US); Jenman 6357 (K, US); western 

extremity of Kanuku Mountains, in drainage of 

Takutu River, 200 m alt, A. C. Smith 3239 (LE, 

P, US, W); 1841, Schomburgh 109 (K); Coast Region, Sept-Oct 1881, Jenman 1532 (K); Ireng 

River, 11 May 1884, im Thurn 14 (K); Wabuwak, 

Kanuku Mts., 600 m alt, Oct 1948, Forest Dept. 

5863 (K); Rupununi River, 26 Nov 1957, Coolk 

210 (K). VENEZUELA. SUCRE: Forest of Aricagua, 

vicinty of Christobal Colon, 5 Jan-22 Feb 1923, 

Broadway 496 (US); the Balcon, vicinity of 

Christobal Colon, 5 Jan-22 Feb 1923, Broadway 104 

(US); Guacarapo, Feb 1942, Lasser 197 (US); along 

Quebrada Juajua near Cumanacoa, 31 Dec 1940, 

Pittier 14676 (US, VEN). MONAGAS: In front of 

Cerro La Cueva, 0.5 km from the entrance of La 

Cueva del Guacharo, 975-1050 m alt, 29 Nov 1967, 

Bunting 2658 (US); Cumanacoa-Caripe highway, 

between Las Piedras & San Antonio, 30 Nov 1967, 

Bunting 2693 (US). DELTA AMACURO: Rio Cuyubini, Cerro La Paloma, Sierra Imataca, 100-200 m 

alt, 16 Nov 1960, Steyermark 87587 (US, VEN). 

ANZOATEGUI: Quebrada Bonita, tributary of Rio 

Querecual, NE of Bergantine, 1200 m alt, 17 Feb 

1945, Steyermark 60978 (VEN); Quebrada Negra, 

tributary of Rio Zumbador, NE of Bergantin, 500 

m alt, 24 Feb 1945, Steyermark 61147 (US, VEN); 

steep forested slopes between Cerro San Jose, along 

headwaters of Quebrada La Tigra, and Cerro 

Peonia, 1500-1600 m alt, 20 Mar 1945, Steyermark 

61568 (US, VEN). MIRANDA: Around Dos Caminos and Los Chorros, 800-1300 m alt, 14 Mar 1913, 

Pittier 5928 (P, US); Quebrada de Las Comadres, 

near Las Mostazas, 1200 m alt, Nov 1924, Allart 

260 (US, VEN); Guarenas, Mar 1846, Funck 6 

Schlim 459 (P). DISTRITO FEDERAL: Caracas, Bredemeyer s.n. (W); Caracas, Moritz 70 (FI); Caracas, 

1842, Linden 114 (P); Avila, 1300 m alt, 19 Jan 

1952, Gines 4435 (US); vicinity of Caracas, Dec 

1920-Jan 1921, Bailey & Bailey 484 (US); Chacaito 

Gorge around Caracas, 800-1000 m alt, 11 Dec 

1921, Pittier 9942 (US, VEN); Middle Catuche 

wood, above Caracas, 1200-1400 m alt, 25 Mar 

1917, Pittier 7066 (US, VEN). ARAGUA: Maracay, 
90 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

1928, Vogl 108 (M); Maracay, 1928-33, Vogl 960 

(M, US); Maracay, near El Simon, Jan 1934, Vogl 

1477 (M); Guamitas, 22 Apr 1938, Williams 9994 

(US, VEN); near Colonia Tovar, 1854-5, Fendler 

809, 2035 (K). YARACUY: Cerro La Chapa, N of 

Nirgua, 1200-1400 m alt, 9-10 Nov 1967, Steyermark, Bunting, & Wessels-Boer 100261 (US, VEN); 

Sierra de Aroa, Cerro Negro, 500-800 m alt, 13 

Nov 1967, Steyermark 6 Wessels-Boer 10038? (US); 

Sierra de Aroa, 1200 m alt, 19 Dec 1952, Aristeguieta 6 Foldats 1492 (VEN). FALCON: 40.5 km S 

of Coro, 1000 m alt, 25 Jan 1966, Steyermark 6 

Braun 94715 (US, VEN). LARA: Between Yaritagua and Duaca, 1929, Suer 346 (VEN); vicinity of 

Barquisimeto, 1929, Suer 386 (VEN). ZULIA: Vicinity of Perija, 1917, Tejera 49 (US); Perija, Jan 

1948, Lasser 2492 (VEN); along Rio Negro, W of 

Machiques, at base of Sierra Perija, 240 m alt, Dec 

1947, Gines 63 (US). BOL~VAR: Upata, 1864, Grosourdy 13 (P); 17 km E of Upata, Oct 1965, Blanco 

328 (US); NE of Canaima, Sur de Cerro Venado, 

200-500 m alt, 17 Feb 1964, Agostini 315 (US, 

VEN); Sierra Imataca, Rio Toro, between Rio La 

Reforma and Puerto Rico, N of El Palmar, 200- 

250 m alt, 11 Dec 1960, Steyermark 87943 (US, 

VEN); 12 Dec 1960, Steyermark 87970 (US, VEN); 

upper part of west-facing wooded slopes, E of 

Miamo, Altiplanicie Nuria, 300-500 m alt, 8 Jan 

1961, Steyermark 88190 (US, VEN); El Hacha, 

1906, Brown 102 (K); 15 km W of Kamarata, 450 

m alt, 8 Mar 1967, Koyama Q Agostini 7544 (VEN). 

COLOMBIA. GUA JIRA: Between Cuestecita and 

Carraipia, forested margins of Rio Rancheria, 80 

m alt, 30 Nov 1959, Cuatrecasas 6 Romero 25517 

(COL, US). MAGDALENA: E of Los Venados, near 

Cano Sagarriga, 120 m alt, 21 Jan 1961, Dugand 

5510 (W); Santa Marta, between Bonda and Rh 

Piedras, 4 Jan 1967, Romero 10.828 (COL); near 

Bonda, vicinity of Santa Marta, 31 Oct 1898, H. H. 

Smith 1415 (US, holotype of A. daemonia Leonard, 

isotypes GH, K, NY, P, PH, S); Tucurinca, 1843, 

Funck ?15 (P); Tucurinca, Dec 1947, Romero 583 

(COL); 594 (COL); between Tucurinca and Fundacibn, 8 Feb 1962, Romero 9199 (COL); between 

La Gran Via and Cerro Mico around Riofrio, 26 

Mar 1959, Romero 7637 (COL); slopes of the 

Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, 600 m alt, 10 Jan 

1948, Cardona, Gutierrez, 6 Barkley 18C077 (US); 

foothill of the Sierra de PerijP, Manaure, 750-790 

m alt, 4 Nov 1959, Cuatrecasas 6- Romero 25012 

(COL, US); Cerrejon, 100 m alt, 3 Dec 1949, 

Haught 6730 (US); near Codazzi, 250-350 m alt, 

20 Oct 1943, Haught 3759 (US); Rio Magdalena, 

Weir s.n. (K); Poponte, 12 Dec 1924, Allen 845 

(K). ATLANTICO: Arroya de Megua, 50 m alt, 13 

Jan 1941, Dugand 6. Jaramillo 2800 (US); Barranquilla, Jan 1928, Elias 440 (US); Los Pendales, 10- 

20 m alt, 1 Feb 1940, Dugand Q Garcia 2549 (US); 

6 Jan 1941, Dugand 6 Jaramillo 2701 (US); LUruaco, Apolinar 491 (US); Piojo, vicinity of Barranquilla, Jan 1929, Elias 705 (US); Porto Colombia, 

Jan 1932, Elias 860 (US); Tubara, 200-250 m alt, 

17 Jan 1946, Dugand 6 Jaramillo 4053 (US); Usiacuri, 50 m alt, 2 Jan 1949, Araque Q Barkley 

19At.081 (US); Usiacuri, Arroyo del Higuerbn, 

100 m alt, 5 Jan 1940, Dugand rL- Garcia 2237 (US). 

BOL~VAR: Vicinity of Cartagena, 1919, Heriberto 

268 (US); Castilla La Popa, vicinity of Cartagena, 

25 m alt, 4 Jan 1949, Araque 6 Barkley 19B0.033 

(US); Cerro de la Popa, 4 Feb 1962, Saravia CLJohnson 38 (COL); Turbaco, Nov 1920, Heriberto 

415 (US); 200-300 m alt, 6-22 Nov 1926, Killip Q 

Smith 14310 (US); N of Arjona, 30-50 m alt, 15 

Nov 1926, Killip 6. Smith 14516 (US); W of El 

Carmen, 235 m alt, 23 Jan 1962, Beuther 18-A 

(COL); Cano Papayal, vicinity of Estrella, Lands 

of Loba, Apr-May 1916, Curran 321 (US); Monteria, 50 m alt, 12 Jan 1949, Bechara, Araque, & 

Barkley 19Bo.218 (US). NORTE DE SANTANDER: Prov. 

Ocana, Aquachica, 240 in alt, Nov 1846-52, Schlirn 

1092 (FI, K, P); vicinity of Esmeralda, 750 m alt, 

19 Mar 1927, Killip 6 Smith 20931 (US); Rio 

Zulia, 700 m alt, 21 Dec 1948, Araque, Otdlora pi7 

Barkley 18NS.066 (US). BOYACA: Pajarito, quebrada Curisi, 1100 m alt, 10 Oct 1963, Uribe 4555 

(US); Pajarito, highway between Sogamoso and 

Casanare, 900 rn alt, 12 Dec 1969, Uribe 6348 (US). 

CUNDINAMARCA: Between Fusagasuga and Pandi, 

Humboldt s.n. (B, destroyed, F photo 8708, holotype of A. glabrata Willdenow ex Nees); Fusagasuga, 25 Dec 1852, Holton 595 (K); Guaduas, Ju1 

1923, Ariste-Joseph 1019 (US); E of Guaduas, between Guaduas and Alto de Aguaclara, 1040-1320 

m alt, 24 Ju1 1947, Garcia 12358 (US); highway 

between Guaduas and Guaduero, 700-800 m alt, 

29 Jun 1956, Uribe 2791 (COL); Anolaima “La 

Florida,” Jan 1933, Perez 2120 (COL); hillside E 

of Apulo, along trail to Anapoima, 460-600 m alt, 

4 May 1944, Killip, Dugand, 6 Jaramillo 38155 

(P, US); N of Apulo, 460-480 m alt, 5 May 1944, 
NUMBER 18 91 

Killip, Dugand, Q Jaramillo 38237 (US); La Paila, 

prov of Cauca, 1000 m alt, Ju1 1853, Triana 4174 

(COL, K); between Tocaima and Pubenza, 1000 m 

alt, 14 Apr 1952, Uribe 2308 (US); Narino, 500 m 

alt, Perez 417 (COL, US); Nilo, near the Azufrada, 

400 m alt, 19 Ju1 1961, Murillo Q Jararnillo 231 

(COL); between Nil0 and the Quebrada de Agua 

de Diosito, 530 m alt, 3 Aug 1961, Murillo, Jarumillo, Q Fayad 292 (COL); paramos of Guasca, 

toward Gacheta, Ariste-Joseph son. (US); Casas 

Viejas, Limba, 400 m alt, Feb 1858, Trianu 2366 

(COL, holotype of A. sericophylla Leonard, isotypes P, W ). CUNDINAMARCA-TOLIMA: Puente Natural de Icononzo, 820 m alt, 31 Mar 1948, Uribe 

1691 (US). TOLIMA: Honda, Aug 1919, AristeJoseph A?60 (US); Angustura de Honda, 9 Dec 

1875, Andre 287 (K); Mariquita, junction of the 

Rios Guamo & Murillo, 450 m alt, 15 Ju1 1958, 

Uribe ?182 (COL); Doima, 23 Nov 1938, Haught 

2449 (US); Rio Coello, 1844, Goudot s.n. (K, P); 

Ibague, 700-800 m alt, 2 Aug 1952, Koie 5110 

(US); Guamo, 350 m alt, 3 May 1963, Uribe 4313 

(COL); El Guamo, in Caracoli, 400 m alt, 17 Apr 

1954, Uribe 2576 (US); Guamo, 400 m alt, Jun 

1961, Uribe 3750 (COL); E of Chaparral, ca. 38 km 

on road to Coyaima, 600 m alt, Ju1 1950, S. Galen 

Smith 1314 (US). HUILA: Alto de Limba, 1844, 

Goudot s.n. (K, P); E of Neiva, 800-1000 m ah, 

31 Ju1 1917, Rusby 57 Pennell 409 (NY, US). ANTIOQUIA: Dabeiba, 350 m alt, 11 Jan 1947, Uribe 14?6 

(COL); vicinity of Dabeiba, 21 Mar 1948, Johnson 

Q Barkley 18C.409 (US); Uraba, Rio Urama, between Dabeiba and Urama, 500 m alt, 20 Jan 1947, 

Uribe 1516 (COL); 1517 (COL); San Luis de 

Cocorna, 3 km from the junction of the Rios 

Cocorna and Magdalena, 19 Nov 1963, Rornero 

10.104 (COL); La Pintada, 800 m alt, Mar 1963, 

Espinal 877 (COL). VALLE: Cisneros, along Rio 

Dagua, 300-500 m alt, 5 May 1939, Killip 35586 

(US); along Rio Dagua, 300-1000 m alt, Lehrnann 

s.n. (K); between Las Juntas and El Naranjo, on 

the Rio Dagua, 300-1000 m alt, Lehmann 5506 

(K); La Cumbre, 1600-1800 m alt, 14-19 May 1922, 

Pennell 5676 (US); Cali, 2200 m alt, Ju1 1941, 

Herrera 944 (US); around Palmira, Canta Claro, 

11 Oct 1962, Figueiras 8.068 (US). WITHOUT LOCALITY: Triana s.n. (NY, US); 1760-1808, Mzitis 

720 (US), 1540 (US); 11 May 1921, Hiisnot s.n. 

(P); Moritz s.n. (W); Valle de Caesar, Dawe 606 

(K). ECUADOR. MA NAB^: El Recreo, Eggers 14841 

(K, LE, P, S, US). GUAYAS: Guayaquil, Haenke 

s.n. (PR); 12 km W of Guayaquil, 4 Apr 1962, 

Gilmartin 668 (US); Guayaquil, Cerro Azul, 22 

Oct 1958, Hurling ?045 (S); vicinity of Guayaquil, 

Cerro Azul, 14 Jun 1955, Asplund 1664? (S); Hacienda Santa Barbarita, Rio Duale below Pichincha, 18-26 Apr 1959, Hurling 4818 (S). cHIMBORAZO: Vicinity of Huigra, mostly on the Hacienda 

de Licay, 8 Sep 1918, Rose c?r Rose 22591 (US); 

Canon of the Rio Chanchan, from Naranjapata 

to below Huigra, 600-900 m alt, 19 Jun 1945, Camp 

E-3891 (NY, US); in Valle Pallatange, Sep 1891, 

Sodiro 122/8 (P). LOJA: Between San Pedro and 

Santa Ana, 1065-1220 m alt, 5 Aug 1943, Steyermurk 53751 (US). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: Feb 

1877, Vidal-Senege s.n. (P), PERU. TUMBES: Zarumilla: Bosque Nacional de Tumbes, Campo Verde, 

600-800 m alt, 13 Dec 1967, Schunke 2386 (F, US). 

CAJAMARCA: Jaen, 500-600 m alt, 27 Mar 1950, 

Woytkowski 5607 (MO, US). AMAZONAS: BaguaIngenio, prov. Bagua, 550 m alt, 27 May 1963, 

Lopez, Segastegui, Q Collantes 4244 (US); prov. 

Bagua, Rio Utcubamba between Bagua and Campomiento Ingenio, km 275 E of Olmos at Aseraderro, 630 m alt, 19 Mar 1964, Hutchison Q Wright 

4451 (UC, US). SAN MARTIN: Alto Rio Huallaga, 

360-900 m alt, Dec 1929, Williams 5756 (US); 

Juanjui, Alto Rio Huallaga, 400 m alt, Oct 1934, 

Klug 3890 (US); around Juanjui, prov. Mariscal 

Caceres, 300-400 m alt, 17 Aug 1948, Ferreyra 4494 

(US); San Martin: Juan Guerra, Dec 1902, Ule 

6492 (K). HUANUCO: Cueva Grande station near 

Poduzo, 1050 m alt, 23 Jun 1923, Macbride 4795 

(NY, US); vicinity of Tingo Maria, 800 m alt, 25 

Sep 1962, Schunke 6178 (US). JUN~N: Satipo: West 

bank of the Rio Ene near the mouth of the Rio 

Chiquireni, 350 m alt, 21 Aug 1970, Madison 

10448-70 (NA). HUANCAVELICA: Tayacaja, SE of 

Tintay, 750 m alt, 11 Apr 1964, Tovar 4609 (US). 

BOLIVIA. LA PAZ: Guana-Tipuani, Apr-Jun 1892, 

Bung 1?68 (US); Guania, 600 m alt, May 1886, 

Rusby 1107 (US); prov. of S. Yungas, basin of Rio 

Bopi, San Bartolome (near Calisaya), 750-900 m 

alt, 1-22 Ju1 1939, Krukofl10010 (NY, US). BRAZIL. 

AMAZONAS: Basin of Rio Jurua, near mouth of the 

Rio Embira (tributary of Rio Tarauaca), 19 Jun 

1933, Krukoff 4925 (NY, US). ACRE: Rio Acre, 

near Porto Carlos, Feb 1911, Ule 9809 (K). 

Robert Brown (1813) proposed the combination A. cristata (Jacquin) R. Brown for a West 
92 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Indian shrub, introduced into cultivation by Lord 

Seaforth, He did not designate any type but illustrated the species. Under his synonymy for this 

species he listed Justicia arborea Miller; the holotype of this species was not seen, but is presumably in the British Museum. 

Nees did not designate a type for his A. pulcherrima var. deltoidea; from his brief description I 

conclude that the variety is a mere ecological variation frvn the typical species. 

102. Aphelandra mildbraediana Leonard 

Aphelandra mildbraediana Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 

31:218. 1953. 

Shrubs or small trees to 3 m high; stems erect or 

ascending, the tips quadrangular, densely whitishstrigose, the older portions of the stems terete, 

glabrous, gray; leaf blades oblong-elliptic to 

lanceolate, 8-13 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, acute to 

acuminate, the tip blunt and often curved, gradually narrowed at base, subcoriaceous, entire or 

shallowly crenate, the upper surface green, nitid, 

glabrous to sparingly strigillose, the costa and lateral veins flat or slightly raised, the lower surface 

drying olivaceous, strigillose, the costa and veins 

more conspicuous than above: petioles to 2 cm 

long, strigose; flowers borne in terminal, solitary 

(occasionally 3), subsessile spikes to 5 cm long 

and 15 mm broad, the rachis white-cottony: bracts 

closely imbricate, rhombic-ovate, entire, 9 mm long 

and 6 mm wide at 2.5 mm above base, acute to 

obtuse, white-cottony at base, otherwise glabrous 

to puberulous, ciliate, the costa rather prominent, 

the 4 or 5 pairs of lateral nerves parallel and becoming obscure beyond middle of bract, ocelli 1-3, 

elliptic, about 0.5 mm long, brown, nitid, varnished; bractlets obliquely lanceolate, subfalcate, 

8 mm long, carinate, 1-1.5 mm wide, the keel 

densely white-pubescent, the margins glabrous, 

subhyaline, delicately striate-nerved: calyx 11-12 

mm long, the posterior segment 3.5 mm wide, the 

anterior pair 3 mm wide, the lateral pair 2.5 mm 

wide, all oblong-ovate, finely pubescent to glabrate, 

striate-nerved, acute, ciliate toward tip; corolla 6-7 

cm long, red, papillose, the tube about 4 mm 

broad at base, contracted to 3 mm at tip of ovary, 

thence gradually enlarged to a cylindric subventricose throat 7 or 8 mm broad, the upper lip 

erect, narrowly ovate, 15 mm long and 8 mm wide, 

bilobed at apex, the lobes triangular-ovate, 7 mm 

long, 4 mm wide at base, acuminate, the tips outwardly curved, the middle lobe of the lower lip 

elliptic, spreading, 9.5 mm wide, narrowed at base, 

subcucullate and apiculate at tip, the lateral lobes 

about 5 mm long, the posterior edge adnate to 

lower part of upper lip, the free portions 

triangular-ovate, 1.5 mm long, slightly over 1 mm 

wide, obtuse; stamens exserted about 4 mm beyond 

the mouth of the corolla tube: anthers 7 mm long, 

1.5 mm wide, apiculate at each end, dorsally tomentose; ovary glabrous: mature capsules not 

seen. 

TYPE.-H. H. Smith 1414 (holotype US, isotypes GH, K, MO, NY, P, PH, S), Colombia, Magdalena, ravine above Las Nubes, at Alto de Cielo, 

1500 m alt, 18 Dec 1898. 

DISTRIBUTION.-In the departments of Magdalena and Norte de Santander, Colombia at elevations above 1500 meters altitude. COLOMBIA. MAGDALENA: San Lorenzo mountains, vicinity of Santa 

Marta, 15 Dec 1922, Viereck s.n. (US); on wooded 

mountain slope at Casa Blanca, 1200 m alt, 25 Ju1 

1926, Schultre 695 (B, destroyed, F photo 8716); 

above Minca, Las Cumbres, in the foothills of the 

Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, 2000 m alt, 26 Feb 

1949, Hawkes 587 (K, US). NORTE DE SANTANDER: 

Ocaiia, May 1846-52, Schlim 537 (FI, K, P); Ocaiia, 

1878, Kalbreyer 611 (K). 

103. Aphelandra pilosa Leonard 

Aphelandra pilosa Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:209. 

1953. 

Slender shrubs to 3 or occasionally 5 m high, 

sparingly branched; the stems erect or ascending 

(sometimes tortuous), subquadrate and densely 

pilose-sericeous toward tip, the hairs light brown 

to whitish, to 2 mm long, the lower portions of 

the stem terete, gray, glabrate; leaf blades oblong 

to oblongelliptic or broadly oblanceolate, the 

uppermost 15-30 cm long and 5-10 cm wide, the 

lowermost as much as 45 cm long and 16.5 cm 

wide, all more or less abruptly acuminate (the 

apex often more or less curved), gradually narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, subcoriaceous, entire or undulate, the upper surface 

drying olive or brownish, glabrate to sparingly 
NUMBER 18 93 

hirsute-strigose, the costa and lateral veins densely 

so, the hairs light brown, the costa and lateral 

veins (14-20 pairs) flat or slightly raised, inconspicuous, the lower surface drying light olive green, 

more densely pilose-sericeous than above, the 

venation rather prominent; petioles to 1.5 or 

occasionally 2 cm long, the pubescence similar to 

that of the stem; spikes solitary or, if several, fascicled, or often forming a loose panicle (the terminal spike subsessile, the lateral ones pedunculate) 5-17 cm long, 5-7 cm broad, the peduncles 

to 4 cm long, the pubescence that of the stems, 

the rachis white-cottony; bracts closely imbricate, 

entire, rhombic-ovate, 9 mm long, 6-6.5 mm wide 

at 1.5 mm above base, acute, minutely puberulous to glabrate, pubescent or pilose toward base, 

coriaceous, ciliate, ocelli 3-6, elliptic, about 1 mm 

long and 0.75 mm wide, flat, varnished, variously 

grouped, contiguous or sometimes fused; bractlets 

lanceolate, 8 mm long and 2 mm wide, carinate, 

the keel densely white-pilose, striate-nerved, the 

nerves curved at base, the margins thin; calyx 

8-8.5 mm long, the posterior segment narrowly 

ovate, 3 mm wide near middle, the anterior pair 

lanceolate, 2 mm wide, the lateral pair linearlanceolate, 1.5 mm wide, these slightly obtuse and 

apiculate, the others acute, all puberulous, ciliate 

toward tip and striate-nerved, the nerves indurate 

at base; corolla red, puberulous, 6.5 cm long from 

base to tip of upper lip, the tube 3 mm broad at 

base, narrowed to 2 mm at 7 mm above base, 

thence gradually enlarged to a slightly curved cylindric throat about 6 mm broad, the upper lip 

erect, 2 cm long, 7 mm wide at base of lobes, middle lobe of the lower lip spreading, narrowly elliptic, 2.5 cm long, slightly more than 6 mm wide, 

acute, the lateral lobes adnate in part to the upper 

lip, their free portions 2 mm long and 1.5 mm 

wide, rounded at tip; stamens exserted about 15 

mm beyond the mouth of the corolla tube; 

anthers 6 mm long, 1 mm broad, the basal lobes 

apiculate, the cells dorsally pilose; pistils glabrous; 

capsules not seen. 

TYPE.-J. Cuatrecasas 7223 (holotype US), Colombia, VaupCs, woods and thickets of Zurubi, 

Cafio Cuduyari, 200 m alt, 15 Oct 1939. 

DIsTRIsUTIoN.-southern Venezuela and Amazonian Colombia at low elevations. VENEZUELA. 

BOLIVAR: Rio Parguaza, just below Raudal Maraca 

(about 110 river km from mouth, 115 m alt, 29 

Dec 1955, Wurdack 6. Monachino 41007 (NY, US, 

VEN). COLOMBIA. BOYACA: In warm valleys, 

Dawe 900 (K). META: 12 km SE of Villavicencio, 

400 m alt, 9 Jan 1939, Haught 2536 (US); woods 

of Caiio Quenane, 25 Jan 1942, Dugand 6. Jaramillo 3117 (US); Reserve Nacional de la Macarena, 

southernmost slopes of Macarena Mountains, immediate to the rio Guayabero, 250-300 m alt, 25 Jan 

1968, Thomas, Herndndez, Pinto 1584 (COL, P). 

VAUP~S: Between the Rio Vaupes and Cerro de 

Mitu, 320 m alt, 7-8 Nov 1953, Humbert 27305 

(P, US); Rio Guaviare, San Jose del Guaviare, 240 

m alt, 6 Nov 1939, Cuatrecasas 7478 (US); mesa 

La Lindosa, 15-20 km S of San JosC del Guaviare, 

400-600 m alt, 13-15 Dec 1950, Idrobo cb Schultes 

631 (US); mouth of the Ariare with the Rio Guayabero, right bank of the Rio Guaviare, 21 Feb 1969, 

Pinto (i?. Sastre 934 (COL); Circasia, sandy savanna 

with quartzite base along the Rio Vaupes, 240 m 

alt, Nov 1951, Schultes Q Cabrera 196?? (US); 

savanna of Yapobodi, along the Rio Kuduyari 

(tributary to the Rio Vaupes), 210-240 m alt, 18 

Nov 1952, SchuZtes, Baker, Q Cabrera 18455 (US); 

Yapobodi, Rio Kuduyari, 4-6 Oct 1951, Schultes cb 

Cabrera 14268 (COL); in Wacaricuara, path of 

the Rio Paca and Papuri, 7 Dec 1952, Romero 

3902 (COL); Rio VaupCs, from Guaracapuri to 

Tipiaca or Villa Fatima, 12 Nov 1952, Romero 

?420 (COL). CAQUETA: Woods at Sucre, 1000- 

1300 m alt, 4 Apr 1940, Cuatrecasas 9052 (US). 

PUTUMAYO: Rio Putumayo at Puerto Ospina, 230 

m alt, 14 Nov 1940, Cuatrecasas 10562 (US); Puerto Porvenir, above Puerto Ospina, 230-250 m alt, 

19 Nov 1940, Cuatrecasas 10656 (US). 

104. Aphelandra macrophylla Leonard 

Aphelandra rnamophylla Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 

Aphelandra megaphytla Leonard, Fieldiana, Bot. 28:553. 

Aphelandra coccinantha Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 

31:234. 1953. 

1953. 

31:721. 1958. 

Small trees; the branches subquadrangular toward tip, rather densely hirsute, the lower portions 

of the stems terete, glabrate; leaf blades oblongelliptic, 19-35 cm long, 7-17 cm wide, acute to 

short-acuminate (the tip itself obtuse or acute), 

gradually narrowed at base and briefly decurrent 

on the petiole, submembranaceous, entire or un- 
94 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

dulate, the upper surface glabrous or the uppermost leaves bearing a few appressed or subappressed hairs 0.5 mm long, drying olive, the costa 

and lateral veins (16-20 pairs) flat or slightly 

raised, scarcely conspicuous, the lower surface drying a lighter olive than the upper, sparingly hirsute; petioles (unwinged portions) 1.5-7 cm long, 

the pubescence that of the stems; flowers borne in 

a large terminal panicle consisting of rather small 

spikes, the panicle to 30 cm long with a spread of 

20 cm, the spikes 3.5-9 cm long and about 6 mm 

broad, the secondary peduncles, if present, 1-1.5 

cm long, the primary ones 4-7 cm long, or the 

uppermost shorter, both peduncles and axis of 

the panicle rather densely hirsute; bracts rhombicovate, entire, 7 mm long, 5.5 mm wide, acute, coriaceous, yellow or orange, glabrous or the lowermost dorsally strigose, the straight upper margins 

ciliolate, the hairs up to 0.5 mm long, ocelli as 

many as 4 but usually 2, minute, elliptical, 0.25-0.5 

mm long, opaque or varnished; bractlets lanceolate, 7 mm long, 2 mm wide, carinate, densely 

brown-woolly dorsally, apiculate; calyx 7.5 mm 

long, the posterior segment narrowly ovate, 3 mm 

wide, the anterior pair oblong-lanceolate, 2 mm 

wide, the lateral pair lanceolate, 1.5 mm wide, 

all acute, minutely ciliolate toward tip, striatenerved; corolla red (tube) and orange (lobes), 

papillose-puberulous, 5.8 cm long from base to 

tip of upper lip, the tube 3 mm broad near base, 

narrowed to 1.5 mm at 5 mm above base, thence 

enlarged gradually to a slightly curved subventricose throat, 6 mm broad at mouth, the upper lip 

erect, ovate, 15 mm long and 7 mm wide, 2-lobed 

at tip, the lobes triangular, about 5 mm long and 

2 mm wide at base, ending in slenderly acuminate 

recurved-spreading tips, the middle lobe of the 

lower lip oblong-elliptic, 17 mm long and 5.5 mm 

wide, the tip slender and recurved, the lateral 

lobes triangular, subobtuse, connate with the 

upper lip, their free portions, if any, about 1 mm 

long and broad; stamens reaching the tip of the 

upper lip; anthers 4.5 mm long and 1 mm broad, 

the basal lobe minutely mucronate; filaments exserted about 1 cm above the mouth of the corolla 

tube, glabrous; mature capsule not seen. 

TYPE.--J. Cuatrecasas 12873 (holotype US), Colombia, Norte de Santander, vicinity of Sarare, 

between El Ampero and La Mesa at the source of 

the Rio Negro, 1400-1700 m alt, 7 Nov 1941. 

DIsTRIBUTIoN.-Andean Venezuela and northeastern Colombia in the department of Norte de 

Santander. VENEZUELA. DISTRITO FEDERAL: Galipan, Moritz 1271 (K, P, W). ARAGUA: Colonia 

Tovar, Karsten s.n. (LE). LARA: BarquisimetoRio Claro, 6 Feb 1963, Aristeguieta 4945 (US, 

VEN); Rio Claro, 1360 m alt, Feb 1931, Suer 785 

(F, VEN ) ; Distrito Jimeez, Parque Nacional Yacambu, El Blanquito, 17-19 km SSE of Sanare, 1500 

m alt, 6 Aug 1970, Steyermark, Delascio, Q Dunsterville 103505 (US, VEN). TRUJILLO: Escuque, 1400 

m alt, Aug 1944, Lasser 1188 (VEN); between 

Escuque and La Mesa de San Pedro, 1300-1650 m 

alt, 20-23 Feb 1971, Steyermark 104764 (US, VEN). 

MERIDA: 1800 m alt, Sep 1846, Funck rir Schlim 943 

(LE, P); Timotes, Ju1 1948, Vogl 1500 (M); 12 

May 1956, Bernardi s.n. (NY); 35 km W of Mkrida 

along road to La Carbonera, 1750 m alt, 12 Mar 

1963, Breteler 3410 (US, VEN); around La Azulita, 

300 m alt, Sep 1952, Hzimbert 26655 (P, US); between Hacienda Agua Blanca above La Azulita and 

Rio Capaz, 975 m alt, 26 Apr 1944, Steyermark 

56152 (US, isotype of A. megaphylla Leonard; Sto. 

Domingo, 10-1 1 Nov 1952, Aristeguieta 1051 

(VENT). TACHIRA: Highway La Fria-La Grita, in 

Las Pavas, 200-250 m alt, 6 Oct 1967, Bunting 2495 

(US). APURE: Reserva Forestal San Camilo, San 

Camilo (El Nula), 250 m alt, 28 Mar 1968, Steyermark, Bunting, il. Blanco 101460 (US, VEN). CoLOMBIA. NORTE DE SANTANDER: Region of Sarare, 

valley of the Rio Margua between Campohermoso 

and the Rio Negro, 1200-1500 m alt, 8 Nov 1941, 

Cuatrecasas 12897 (US); Ocana, Oct 1846-1852, 

Schlim 258 (FI, K, P); E of Rio Valegra and S of 

Quebrada Valegra, in the municipio of Chitaga, 

2000 m alt, 16 Nov 1942, Fosberg 19131 (US, holotype of A. coccinantha Leonard). WITHOUT LOCALITY: Triana s.n. (K). 

105. Aphelandra terryae Standley 

Aphelandra terryae Standley, Field Mus. Bot. Ser., 22:381. 

Aphelandra incarnata Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 

1940. 

242. 1953. 

Shrubs or suffrutescent herbs to 3 m high; the 

branches subquadrangular toward tips, terete below, rather densely brown-puberulous; leaves numerous, the blades oblanceolate, to 30 cm long 

and 7 cm wide, abruptly acuminate (the tip more 
NUMBER 18 95 

or less curved), gradually narrowed from above 

the middle to a short, naked petiole (the petiole 

wing ending more or less abruptly), subchartaceous, entire or shallowly crenate, the upper surface 

glabrate except costa and lateral veins (12-16 

pairs), the costa rather densely pilose, the lateral 

veins puberulous, the lower surface whitepuncticulate, glabrate except costa and veins, these 

rather prominent and puberulous; petioles (unwinged portions) to 1 cm long, puberulous, the 

hairs recurved; spikes more or less numerous, both 

terminal and subterminal, peduncled, to 6 cm long 

and 10-12 mm broad, the peduncles rather slender, 

2-3 cm long, puberulous, the rachis puberulous; 

bracts red (living), entire, oval, about 10 mm long 

and 6 mm wide, 3-nerved, rounded or obtuse, mucronate or the lowermost acute, silky-puberulous, 

densely ciliolate, ocelli usually about 6 or 8, well 

defined, suborbicular, 0.5-0.75 mm in diameter, 

brown, nitid; bractlets lanceolate, 5.5 mm long, 

1.5 mm wide, acuminate, carinate, faintly striatenerved, puberulous, pilose at tip; calyx segments 

striate-nerved, acute and cuspidate, ciliate and 

somewhat erose toward tip, glabrous toward base, 

the posterior segment ovate, 7 mm long and 3 mm 

wide, the anterior pair lanceolate, about 1.5 mm 

wide near base, the lateral pair more narrowly 

lanceolate, slightly over 1 mm wide near base: corolla usually rose pink (sometimes red), puberulous, about 6 cm long, the tube 3 mm broad at 

base, 6 or 7 mm broad at mouth, the upper lip 

erect, ovate, about 15 mm long and 8 mm wide, 

2-lobed, the lobes lanceolate, about 6 mm long 

and 2 mm wide at base, acute, the middle lobe of 

the lower lip spreading, ovate-lanceolate, about 

21 mm long, 7 or 8 mm wide, acuminate, carinate, 

the lateral lobes partly adnate to the lower part of 

the upper lip, their free portions triangular-ovate, 

2.5 mm long, 2 mm wide at base, obtuse; stamens 

reaching about midway between mouth of the 

tube and tip of upper lip; the anthers 6.5 mm long, 

apiculate, acute at base; capsules clavate, about 

2 cm long, 6 mm broad near tip, 3 mm broad near 

base, about 3 mm thick, obtuse at tip, glabrous, 

nitid, puncticulate; seeds (immature) flat, brown, 

hispidulous. 

TYPE.-M. E. Q R. A. Terry 1377 (holotype F), 

Panama, Dareh, Chepigana District, Tucuti, near 

sea level, 5 Mar 1940. 

DISTRIBUTION.-Between sea level and 300 meters 

altitude in southern Panama and Colombia. PANAMA. SAN BLAS: Mainland opposite Achituppu, 7 

Dec 1966, Lewis, Dwyer, Elias, pi7 Solis 126 (MO, 

US). DARIEN: Trail between Pinogana and Yavisa, 

15 m alt, 17 Mar 1937. Allen 256 (US); near Refugio, 15-21 m N of Santa Fe, 30 m alt, 16 Feb 

1967, Duke 10255 (US); near Helipad at Hydro 

Camp on Rio Morti, 29 m alt, 15 Mar 1968, Duke 

15421 (US); Camp Tiotuma, 50 m alt, 15 Mar 

1968, Duke 15511 (US). COLOMBIA. BOLIVAR: Quimari, Cordillera Occidental, 500 m alt, 4 May 1949, 

von Sneidern 5793 (COL). SANTANDER: Vicinity of 

Barranca Bermeja, Magdalena Valley, between Sogamoso and Colorado Rivers, 100-500 m alt, 19 

Ju1 1934, Haught 1315 (US, holotype of A. incarnata Leonard); along the Rio Colorado, near El 

Centro, 100 m alt, 8 Dec 1936, Haught 2098 (US). 

CUNDINAMARCA: San Antonio, 200 m alt, 14 Jun 

1948, Haught 6243 (US). ANTIOQUIA: Between 

Rio Guapa and Leon, 100 m alt, 18 Mar 1948, 

Yepes, Blair, 6 Barkley 18C300 (US); Ruiz, Rivera, 

G Barkley 18C388 (US); highway from Puerto 

BPlgica to Rio Man, 8 Apr 1951, Romero 2331 

(COL); around Savaletas, 200-500 m alt, Lehmann 

7845 (K). CHOC~: Bahia Solano, near Ciudad 

Mutis, 0-75 m alt, Killip Q Gacia33576 (US); 

Hydro Camp 15 on Rio Curiche, 300 m alt, 8 Mar 

1968, Duke 15380 (US); Truando Falls, Jan 1858, 

Schott 3 (F). 

106. Aphelandra albert-smithii Leonard 

Aphelandra albert-srnithii Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 

31:232. 1953. 

Shrub to 3.5 m high; stems terete, glabrous or 

the uppermost portions hirsutulous, to 1.25 mm 

long; leaf blades broadly oblanceolate, to 18 cm 

long and 6 cm wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself 

obtuse), narrowed from above middle to a short, 

winged petiole, subcoriaceous, entire or undulate, 

the upper surface sparingly hirsute, the lower surface rather densely hirsute, the hairs about 1 mm 

long, light brown, the costa and lateral veins (15- 

17 pairs) slender but prominent, the veinlets rather 

conspicuously and coarsely anastomosing; petioles 

(unwinged portion) to 1 cm long, hirsute; spikes 

terminal, solitary or several in a fascicle, the terminal spike subsessile, the lateral spikes shortpedunculate, to 8 cm long and 1 cm broad, the 
96 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

peduncles to 1 cm long, densely hirsute, the rachis 

glabrous to sparingly pilose; bracts drying brown, 

rhombic-ovate, 11 mm long and 6 mm wide, acute 

and cuspidate at tip, puberlous or bearing a few 

longer hairs toward tip, the margins ciliate, entire, 

the costa excurrent, ending in a small mucro, ocelli 

usually 6, elliptic, dark brown, nitid, 0.75-1 mm 

long, 0.5-0.75 mm wide, contiguous or overlapping; 

bractlets ovate, obscurely striate-nerved, acute, 6-7 

mm long and 3.5 mm wide, subauriculate at base, 

moderately hirsute, the costa rather prominent, 

indurate at base; calyx 9-11 mm long, the segments puberulous, subcoriaceous, striate-nerved, 

indurate at base, the posterior segment oblongovate, 4.5 mm wide, rounded an apiculate, the 

anterior pair oblong, 3.5 mm wide, acute and 

apiculate, the lateral pair similar but slightly narrower; corolla 5.5 cm long, red, puberulous, the 

hairs conical, the tube 3 mm broad at base, narrowed to 1.5 mm at 5 mm above base, thence enlarged to a subcylindric throat 6 mm broad at 

mouth, the upper lip erect, narrowly oblong, about 

5 mm wide, bilobed, the lobes lanceolate, 18 mm 

long, 4 mm wide, acuminate, the lower lip 3-lobed, 

spreading, the middle lobe lanceolate, 27 mm long, 

7 mm wide near base, acuminate, the lateral lobes 

triangular, about 5 mm long, acute, the upper 

margins adnate to the lower part of the upper lip; 

stamens barely reaching tip of the upper corolla 

lip; anthers 5.5 mm long and 1.5 mm broad; filaments slender, hirsute at base, otherwise glabrous; 

ovary glabrous. 

TypE.-KiZlip 6 A. C. Smith 16283 (holotype US, 

isotype NY), Colombia, Santander: In thicket in 

the Upper Rio Lebrija Valley, NW of Bucaramanga, 400-700 m alt, 29 Dec 1926. 

D1sTRIBuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality. 

107. Aphelundra gracilis Leonard 

FIGURE 16 

Aphelandra gracitis Leonard, Proc. Biol. SOC. Wash. 56:54. 

1943. 

Shrub or small tree to 6 m high; branches strigillose or the lower glabrate, the cystoliths 

conspicuous; leaf blades lanceolate to oblonglanceolate, to 16 cm long and 6 cm wide, acuminate 

(the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, entire, glabrous except on the 

costa and veins (8-10 pairs), these strigillose; flowers spreading, geminate, lax, borne on 1 to several 

slender terminal or subterminal spikes to 12 cm 

long, the rachis sparingly puberulous, the internodes mostly 6-8 mm long; bracts ovate, entire, 

to 8 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, acutish, pubescent 

without, glabrous within, ciliolate, bearing on 

either side of the costa several small, sessile, nitid 

elliptical glands; bractlets lanceolate, 7 mm long, 

2 mm wide, acuminate, sparingly puberulous without, sparingly ciliolate, subcarinate, striate, the 

margins hyaline; calyx about 8 mm long, subglabrous, divided nearly to base, the segments 

lanceolate, 1.5-2 mm wide, acumiate, striate; corolla scarlet, puberulous, more or less curved, 5-5.5 cm 

long, about 2 mm in diameter at base, about 6 mm 

at throat, the lips 2 cm long, the upper lip erect, 

2-lobed, the lobes triangular, 9 mm long, 4 mm 

wide at base, acuminate, the lower lip spreading, 

the middle lobe lanceolate, 18 mm long, about 5 

mm wide, acute, the lateral lobes ovate, about 1 

mm long; stamens exserted about 1.2 cm beyond 

mouth of the corolla tube; the filaments about 5 

cm long, affixed at the base of the throat, glabrous; 

the anthers 6 mm long, apiculate, glabrous; capsule 

clavate, 22 mm long, 6.5 mm broad, 4.5 mm thick, 

glabrous, puncticulate, 4-seeded; mature seed not 

seen. 

TYPE.-P. H. Allen 2908 (holotype US), Panama, 

CoclC, N of El Valle de Anth, 1000 m alt, 13 Jan 

1942. 

DIsmIBuTIoN.-Endemic to Panama, found in 

low cloud forests near the summit. PANAMA. 

COCLE: El Valle de Aoth, along Rio Indio trail, 

500-700 m alt, 30 Jan 1935, Hunter 6 Allen 311 

(US); vicinity La Mesa, 1000 m alt, 21 Jan 1941, 

Allen 2301 (US). PANAMA: Cerro Campana, 31 

Dec 1957, C. Earle Smith, Jr. 6 H. Morgan Smith 

3356 (PH, US); Cerro Jefe, 870 m alt, 12 Mar 

1967, Dwyer, Gauger, & baker 7241 (MO, US). 

108. Aphelundra dielsii Mildbraed 

FIGURES 52, 53 

Aphelandra dielsii Mildbraed, Biblioth. Bot. 24. Heft 116: 147. 

Aphelandra diehsii Mildbraed var. ericae Mildbraed, Biblioth. 

1937. 

Bot. 24. Heft 116:147. 1937. 
NUMBER 18 97 

Erect, branched shrub to 1.5 m high; stem glabrous, the internodes about 4 cm long, becoming 

woody basally; leaf blades lanceolate-oblong to 

obovate, 10-13 cm long, 2.5-3 cm wide, gradually 

long-acuminate at apex, narrowed and longattenuate at base, the upper leaf blades (just below 

the inflorescence) larger and wider, almost obovateelliptic, to 19 cm long and 7 cm wide, basally 

cuneate, barely narrowed on petiole, lateral nerves 

(8-1 1 pairs) arcuate-ascending, the upper surface 

dark blue, glabrous, lower surface lighter in color, 

glabrous except for costa and lateral nerves which 

are minutely tomentose; petioles almost none, or 

less than 3 mm long; inflorescence a terminal spike 

to 16 cm long, 1.5-3 cm in diameter, congested, 

bracts and calyx barely visible when in full bloom, 

the flowers opposite or alternate, distant, the rachis 

glabrous, conspicuous between the bracts, the peduncle short, less than 2 cm long; bracts broadly 

ovate, 7-9 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, gradually 

acuminate, the apex narrowly triangular, glabrous, 

the margins entire, ocelli minute, elliptic, dark 

brown, rather inconspicuous against the light brown 

of the bracts; bractlets 5-6 mm long, 2-3 cm wide, 

gradually extremely long-acuminate, the apex 

nearly subulate; the posterior calyx segment subulate, 1 cm long, 2.5 mm wide, the two anterior 

segments subulate, 9.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the 

two lateral segments 8.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 

linear-subulate, acute; corolla pink or rose, 7-7.5 

cm long, the tube minutely papillose without, 4.5- 

5 cm long, 3 mm wide at base, narrowed to 1:5 mm 

at 1 cm above base then gradually enlarged to 5 

mm at throat, the upper lip oblong, 18-24 mm 

long and 9 mm wide, 2-lobed, these 2 mm long and 

2 mm wide at base, obtuse, the lower lip 3-lobed, 

the middle lobe elliptic, 2-2.5 cm long, 0.5 cm 

wide, acute at apex, the two lateral lobes subulate, 

1.5 cm long and 3 mm wide, acute; stamens about 

equaling the upper lip, all equal; anthers yellowish, 4 mm long, apically obtuse, attached to each 

other by a tuft of hair; style somewhat exceeding 

the anthers; stigma unequally trifid, minutely and 

alternately toothed; mature capsule not seen. 

TypE.-Diels 949 (holotype B, destroyed), Ecuador, Napo-Pastaza, Valley of the Rio Pastaza near 

Rio Negro, 1250 m alt, 12 Sep 1933. 

DIsTRIBUTIoN.-Eastern Ecuador, at elevations 

above 1100 meters, in the provinces of Tangurahua 

and Napo-Pastaza. ECUADOR. TANGURAHUA: Between Rio Margarjitas and Rio Negro, along Cane10s trail, 1230 m alt, 22 Mar 1939, Penland dr Summers 218 (F, US). NAPO-PASTAZA: Mera, 15 Apr 

1940, Lug0 199 (S), 21 Apr 1940, Lug0 219 (S); 

Mera, towards Mangayacu, 1100 m alt, 7 Mar 1956, 

Asplund 19633 (S), 26 Mar 1956, Asplund 19971 

(S); uplands near El Topo, along trail to La 

Gloria, 1200-1500 m alt, 17 Apr 1945, Camp E-2404 

(NY, US). 

Mildbraed states that A. dielsii var. ericae is a 

much more robust variety with larger leaf blades 

and longer flowers. Both holotypes were deposited 

in the Berlin Herbarium and subsequently destroyed. Since no photographs were taken of these 

specimens and I have not seen any collections from 

Tena, Ecuador (type-locality of var. ericae), I 

assume for the time being that both taxa are one 

variable species. 

109. Aphelandra blandii Lindau 

Aphelandra blandii Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser., 5:656. 

1897.-Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:267. 1953. 

Suffrutescent; stems terete, glabrous except the 

tips, these sparingly strigose, the hairs about 0.5 

mm long; leaf blades oblong-ovate, 15-25 cm long, 

4-8 cm wide, long-acuminate at apex, more or less 

abruptly narrowed at base into a broadly winged 

petiole, entire or shallowly crenate, the upper surface drying dull green, glabrous, the lower surface 

drying light green, glabrous except the costa and 

lateral veins (10-12 pairs), these sparingly pubescent; petioles (unwinged portion) 1-2 cm long, 

strigose; spikes one to several, terminal and axillary, 

5-17 cm long, about 1 cm broad, the rachis 

glabrous; bracts imbricate, lanceolate, to ovatelanceolate, 9-12 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, acute to 

acuminate, entire, prominently 3-nerved, glabrous, 

ciliate, the ocelli replaced by dull, elliptical, alveolate areas to 2 mm long and 1.5 mm wide; bractlets 

lanceolate, 8-1 1 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, carinate, 

the keel pubescent, the hairs whitish, about 0.5 mm 

long; calyx segments oblong-lanceolate, 15-16 mm 

long, 1.5-3.5 mm wide, acute to acuminate and 

more or less apiculate, striate-nerved, glabrous, the 

posterior segment 3.5 mm wide, the anterior pair 

3 mm wide, the lateral pair 2 mm wide; corolla 6-7 

long, minutely papillose, red, the tube 3.5-5 cm 

long, 2-3 mm broad at base, 5 mm broad at mouth, 
98 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

the upper lip oblong, ovate, erect, 23 mm long, 

5-6 mm wide at base, 2-lobed at apex, the lobes 

lanceolate, acuminate, 8 mm long, 3 mm wide at 

base, the lower lip more or less spreading, 3-lobed, 

the middle lobe oblong, about 25 mm long and 

5 mm wide, obtuse and apiculate, the lateral lobes 

oblong, 5-6 mm long, and 1.5-2 mm wide, subacute, adnate in part to the base of the upper lip; 

stamens barely reaching tip of the upper lip; 

anthers slender, 7-8 mm long and 1 mm broad, 

acute at both ends, dorsally pubescent; filaments 

35 mm long, glabrous; style about 5.5 cm long; 

capsule subclavate, 15 mm long, 6 mm broad, 3 

mm thick, obtuse at tip and apiculate, glabrous, 

puncticulate; seeds brown, flat, 4 mm long, 3.5 mm 

wide, 1 mm thick, glabrous, the margins thin. 

TYPE.-Bland s.n. (holotype B, destroyed, F 

photo 8701, isotype C, F photo 22154), Colombia, 

Cundinamarca, Santa Fd de Bogota. 

DIsmIBuTIoN.-Andean Colombia in the departments of Antioquia and Cundinamarca. COLOMBIA. 

ANTIOQUIA: 13 km E of Bolivar, 21 Jan 1949, 2700 

m alt, Araque Ct. Barkley 19 An032 (US); Jerico, 

Dec 1940, Daniel Q Tomas 2589 (GH, US). 

Lindau, comparing Aphelandra blandii with A. 

hartwegiana, states that A. blandii differs from that 

species by having acuminate bracts and calyx lobes 

and pubescent bractlets. He suggests also a relationship with A. glabrata (= A. pulcherrima) a 

species with a shorter calyx and a densely pubescent rachis. 

110. Aphekrndra haughtii Leonard 

Aphelandra haughtii Leonard, Contrih. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 

239. 1953. 

Slender shrubs to 4 m high; stems terete, subquadrangular toward tip, densely hirsute, the hairs 

to 1.5 mm long, sordid, the lower portions glabrate, gray, minutely roughened by the scars of the 

fallen hairs; leaf blades elliptic-oblong or broadly 

oblanceolate, 18-21 cm long, 6-9.5 cm wide, slenderly or shorter acuminate, narrowed at base and 

decurrent on the petiole, subcoriaceous, entire, the 

upper surface drying brownish green, sparingly 

hirsute, the costa and lateral veins (10-14 pairs) 

flat or slightly raised, inconspicuous, densely hirsutepilose, the lower surface drying slightly lighter 

than the upper, the pubescence similar to upper 

surface except hairs slightly shorter; petioles (unwinged portion) 3-15 mm long, hirsute-pilose; 

spikes terminal, solitary or several, sessile or subsessile, to 6 cm long, about 8 mm broad, the rachis 

glabrous to glabrate; bracts imbricate, rhombicovate, 5 mm long and 4.5 mm wide, obtuse or 

rounded at apex, entire, coriaceous, subappressed, 

glabrous to sparingly hirsute toward tip, the margins of the upper half sparingly ciliolate, ocelli 

usually 6, elliptic, dark brown, 1 mm long and 

0.75 mm wide, closely crowded or even overlapping; bractlets ovate, oblique, 4 mm long, and 2 

mm wide, acuminate, glabrous to sparingly puberulous toward tip, subcarinate at base; calyx glabrous, 7 mm long, the posterior segment na-rrowly 

ovate, 4 mm wide, acute, the anterior pair lanceolate, 2 mm wide, acuminate, the lateral pair lanceolate, 1.5 mm wide, acuminate, all of the segments 

striate-nerved and inconspicuously scurfy at tip, the 

costa more prominent than the lateral nerves; 

corolla scarlet, papillose-puberulous, 7 cm long, the 

tube straight or sometimes slightly curved, subcylindric, about 2 mm broad at base, 6 mm broad 

at mouth, the upper lip elliptic, 20 mm long and 

8 mm wide, bilobed, the lobes triangular, 10 mm 

long and 5 mm wide at base, slenderly acuminate, 

the tips spreading, the middle lobe of the lower lip 

spreading, oblongelliptic, 27 mm long, 7 mm wide, 

acuminate, the lateral lobes 6 mm long, partly 

adnate to the upper lip, the free portion triangular, 1.5 mm long and 1 mm wide, rounded; stamens 

almost reaching the tip of the upper lip; anthers 

7 mm long and 1 mm broad, mucronate at base; 

capsules not seen. 

TYPE,-O. Haught 1948 (holotype US), Colombia, Santander, at foot of the Cerro Armas, 300 m 

alt, 29 JLI~ 1936. 

DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Known only from around the 

type-locality. COLOMBIA. SANTANDER: Along the 

Aguas Blancas Creek, about 25 km S of El Centro, 

vicinity of Barranca Bermeja, 100 m alt, 20 Nov 

1936, Hazcght 2086 (US). 

111. Aphelandra tetragona (Vahl) Nees 

FIGURE 7 

Aphelandra tetragona (Vahl) Nces in de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 

Justicia tetragona \'ahl, Symb. Bot. 3:5. 1794. 

295. 1847. 
NUMBER 18 99 

Justicia cristata Jacquin, P1. Hort. Schonbr. 3:38, pl. 320. 

Aphelandra cristata (Jacquin) R. Brown, Bot. Reg. 18, pl. 

Aphelandra tetragona (Vahl) Nees var. grandis Nees in 

1798. 

1477, 1832. 

de Candolle, Prodr. 11:295. 1847. 

Shrub or suffrutescent herb to 3 m high; stems 

erect, quadrangular toward tip, somewhat light 

grayish green, glabrous; leaf blades ovate-lanceolate 

to widely ovate-elliptic, 23-29 cm long, 6.5-19 cm 

wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), abruptly narrowed to a cuneate or sometimes short decurrent base, firmly membranaceous to subcoriaceous, 

entire, the margins faintly undulate-crenate, the 

upper surface drying dark green, glabrous, the costa 

somewhat protruding, the lateral veins (10-14 

pairs) slightly raised, the lower surface drying a 

lighter green, glabrous or the costa and lateral 

veins puberulous, the veinlets finely reticulate; 

petioles 5-17 cm long, canaliculate, glabrous; 

spikes usually 3-5, occasionally solitary, congested, 

quadrangular, terminal, subsessile, about 10 cm 

long and 1 cm wide (without corollas), the lateral 

spikes usually somewhat smaller, the rachis whitecottony; bracts imbricate, lanceolate to narrowly 

ovate, 10-11 mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, acute to 

slightly obtuse at the apex (the tip itself a small 

mucro), entire, greenish brown, firm, woolly-white 

at base and villous along the margin, elsewhere 

glabrous, markedly striate-nerved, ocelli 1-4, conspicuous, orbicular, dark brown; bractlets lanceolate, 9-10 mm long, about 2 mm wide near base, 

acute at apex, carinate, the keel densely whitevillous, glabrous within, finely striate-nerved; calyx 

11-12 mm long, the posterior segment oblong, 3 

mm wide, the anterior segments lanceolate, about 

2 mm wide, the lateral pair narrowly lanceolate, 

1.5 mm wide, all acute, scarious, striate-nerved, 

slightly villous at the tips; corolla brilliant pink 

to deep red, puberulous, 6.5-7 cm long, about 2 

mm at tip of ovary, thence gradually enlarged and 

slightly ventricose, about 8 mm broad at mouth, 

the upper lip erect, ovate, 19 mm long, 8 mm wide, 

bifid, the lobes triangular, 9.5 mm long and 4 mm 

wide, slenderly acuminate, the lower lip 3-lobed, 

erect or spreading with age, the middle lobe lanceovate, about 22 mm long and 8 mm wide, acute, 

the lateral lobes reduced to about 5 mm long and 

1 mm wide, obtusish, adnate for the most part to 

the upper lip; stamens exserted about 15 mm beyond the mouth of the corolla tube; anthers 6 mm 

long, acute at apex, acute and mucronulate at 

base; capsule not seen. 

TYPE.--VOTZ Rohr (holotype C), “E. Cajenna.” 

DrsTRIsuTIoN.-Native to the vicinity of Caracas, 

Venezuela. Commonly cultivated in the botanical 

gardens of Europe. VENEZUELA. MIRANDA: Forest 

of Guatopo, 27 m NNW of Altagracia de Orituco, 

26 m SE of Santa Teresa, 500 m alt, 11 Sep 1960, 

Steyermark 87086 (US, VEN ); Guatopo, 400-600 

m alt, 14 Nov 1956, Bernardi s.n. (NY); El Guapo, 

200 m alt, Oct 1959, Aristeguieta 4003 (VEN); 

Parque Nacional de Guatopo, NW of Morro de 

Aguaramal, between Altagracia de Orituco and 

Santa Teresa, 610-710 m alt, 29 Nov 1961, Steyermurk 90161 (US, VEN); Parque Nacional de Guatopo, 14.5 km from Los Alpes, 12 km from 

Rancheria Mi Querencia, 520 m alt, 27 Oct 1966, 

Steyermark 97548-A (US). DISTRITO FEDERAL: Las 

Queseras, near Caracas, Oct 1924, Allard 143 (P, 

US, VEN); Peonias, Caracas, 1843, Funck 491 (P); 

Cerro Naiguata, 900-1 100 m alt, 2 Nov 1963, Steyermark 91857 (US); Cerro Naiguata, 1500-1635 m 

alt, 8 Oct 1966, Steyermark 97472 (US, VEN). 

ARACUA: La Begonia Station, 2 Nov 1917, Pittier 

7568 (US, VEN); Colonia Tovar, Engels s.n. (LE). 

M~RIDA: Quebrada de la Guina, Nov Moritz 1272 

(K, P, isotypes of A. tetragonu (Vahl) Nees var. 

grandis Nees ) . CULTIVATED MATERIAL. Palmengarten, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 30 Sep 1959, 

Meyer 7156 (US); Cult. hortus Vindob. (W); Hortus bot. Monacensis, 1836 (M); Sept. die post 

natum filium Maximilianum 1832, Herb. Martii 

(BR); Kew garden specimen, 23 Sep 1889, (K); at 

the Guiarao, Venezuela, flowered in tropical pits 

at Kew, 27 Sep 1962 (K). 

ApheZandra cristata (Jacquin) R. Brown is based 

on Justicia cristata Jacquin. Brown’s plate and the 

material examined from Vienna are all A. tetragona 

(Vahl) Nees. One specimen labeled: “Justicia cristata Jacq. Hort. Schonbr. t. 320,” could possibly 

be the type of Jacquin’s J. cristnta. 

112. Aphelandra schieferae Leonard 

FIGURE 19 

Aphelandra schieferae Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 31: 

Shrubs about 1.5 m high; stems subquadrangular, 

213. 1953. 
100 ShfITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

thick (up to 8 mm in diameter at base of inflorescence), the upper portions densely gray-pubescent to 

subtomentose; leaf blades oblanceolate, to 36 cm 

long and 10 cm wide (slightly above the middle), 

acute at apex, gradually narrowed from above 

middle to base and decurrent on the petiole, the 

margins crenate, the upper surface drying dark 

olive-green, the costa and lateral nerves (about 21 

pairs) densely hirtellous, the surface between the 

veins sparingly hirtellous, the lower surface drying 

a light grayish olive green, pilose, the costa and 

veins somewhat strigose; petioles 2-3 cm long, subtomentose; spikes terminal and axillary, forming a 

rather loose, leafy panicle to 27 cm long and 17-20 

cm broad, the branches of the panicle ascending, 

1-13 cm long, light gray-tomentose, the spikes to 

9 cm long and 5-8 mm broad, the rachis silvery 

tomentose, except the glabrous region adjacent to 

the posterior calyx segment; bracts imbricate, bright 

scarlet, drying brown, triangular-ovate, subcarinate, 

8 mm long, 4.5 mm wide at 2 mm above base, 

thence gradually narrowed to a slender tip, entire, 

coriaceous, coarsely striate, puberulous, the margins ciliolate, ocelli occurring usually in pairs, 

elliptic, 1 mm long and 1.75 mm wide, brown, 

nitid, indistinctly alveolate; bractlets lanceolate, 

carinate, 7 mm long, 2 mm wide at 2.5 mm above 

base, thence gradually narrowed to a slender tip, 

the keel densely silvery pilose, the region adjacent 

to the keel puberulous, the marginal area subhyaline and glabrous, the margins sparingly ciliolate; 

calyx 7 mm long, the segments lanceolate, finely 

striate-nerved, puberulous, comose, the posterior 

segment 2.25 mm wide near base, the anterior pair 

1.75 mm wide, the lateral pair 1 mm wide, all 

narrowed from near base to a sharp, slender tip; 

corolla bright scarlet, 5 cm long from base to tip 

of upper lip, puberulous, the hairs conical, the tube 

4 mm broad near base, narrowed to 1.5 mm at 7 

mm above base, thence enlarged to 7 mm near 

mouth, the upper lip narrowly ovate, 21 mm long 

and 6 mm wide at middle, tipped by 2 triangular 

acuminate lobes about 3 mm long and 1.5 mm 

wide at base, the middle lobe of the lower lip 

lanceolate, 22 mm long, 5 mm wide, slenderly 

acuminate, the lateral lobes adnate to the lower 

part of the upper lip, their free portions small, 

about 1 mm long: stamens slightly exserted beyond 

the mouth of the corolla tube; anthers 6 mm long 

and 1 mm broad, pilose dorsally; ovary glabrous; 

capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-H. Schiefer 791 (holotype GH, isotype 

US), Colombia, Meta, hill back of Tres Esquinas 

Mill, Villavicencio, 12 Ju1 1945. 

DIsTRIBUTION.-Known only from around the 

type-locality. COLOMBIA. META: Servita, vicinity 

of Villavicencio, 300-900 m alt, Dec 1855, Triana 

s.n. (COL, P); Villavicencio, 480 m alt, 7 Feb 

1948, Sandeman 5802 (K). 

113. Aphelandra parvispica Leonard 

Aphelandra parvispica Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 

Aphelandra pedunculata Leonard, Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 554. 

Aphelandra grantii Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:718. 

216. 1953. 

1953. 

1958. 

Shrub or small tree to 4.5 m high; stems terete, 

glabrous or the tips sparingly strigose, the hairs 

sordid, the older portions of the stems gray, glabrous; leaf blades lance-oblong to elliptic, 13-21 

cm long, 3.5-6.5 cm wide, acuminate, the tip more 

or less curved, cuneate at base, membranaceous to 

subcoriaceous, entire, the upper surface drying 

brown or olivaceous, essentially glabrous, a few 

small subappressed hairs sometimes found on the 

basal part of the costa, this and the lateral veins 

(10-14 pairs) flat or slightly raised, inconspicuous, 

the lower surface drying a somewhat lighter shade 

than the upper, glabrous or very sparingly strigose, 

the hairs confined chiefly to the costa and lateral 

veins; petioles rather slender, 1-3 cm long, glabrous or sparingly strigillose; flowers borne in 

terminal panicles of small spikes 2-6 cm long and 

5-8 mm broad, the panicles to 10 cm long and 8 

cm broad, the peduncles to 4 cm long, slender, 

sparingly strigillose, or the ultimate peduncles 

densely hirsute, the hairs more or less spreading, 

all sordid, the rachis white-cottony: bracts salmonpink to red, drying reddish brown, imbricated, 

rhombic-ovate, 5-6 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, acute 

to acutish, entire, white-cottony-tomentose at base, 

otherwise essentially glabrous except the lowermost, 

these strigose dorsally, the margins ciliolate toward 

base, the costa and nerves below middle, ocelli one 

to several, minute, elliptic, to 0.5 mm long, brown, 

nitid; bractlets obliquely lanceolate, 4.5-6 mm 

long, 1-2 mm wide, acute, somewhat falcate, cari- 
NUMBER 18 101 

nate, dorsally white-floccose, except the thin nearly 

glabrous margins; calyx 5.5-6 mm long, glabrous 

or sparingly puberulous at tip, the posterior segment narrowly ovate, 2.5-3.5 mm wide, the anterior 

pair lanceolate, 1.5-2 mm wide, the lateral pair 

narrowly lanceolate, 1-1.5 mm wide, all acute to 

slightly obtuse (the lateral pair apiculate), ciliolate toward apex, striate-nerved; corolla 4-4.5 cm 

long, red, papillose, or some papillose-pubescent, 

the tube slightly curved and subventricose, 3.5 mm 

broad at base, narrowed to 1.5 mm at 5 mm above 

base, thence enlarged to about 6 mm at mouth, 

the upper lip erect, narrowly ovate, 12-14 mm long, 

2-lobed at apex, the lobes narrowly triangular, 3.5- 

4.5 mm long, about 2 mm wide, acuminate, the tip 

uirved, the middle lobe of the lower lip lanceolate, 

spreading, about 15 mm long and 5 mm wide 

above base, acuminate, the slender tip recurved, 

the lateral lobes adnate to the basal part of the 

upper lip, their free portion triangular, barely 0.5 

mm long and broad; stamens reaching the tip of 

the upper lip; anthers 4 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, 

acute and minutely arachnoid at tip, minutely 

apiculate at base, puberulous dorsally; filaments 

hirtellous toward the base, the upper portions 

glabrous; ovary glabrous; capsule not seen. 

TYPE.--J. Cuatrecasas 12883 (holotype US), Colombia, Norte de Santander, in basin of the Rio 

Margua, between Campohermoso and Rio Negro, 

vicinity of Sarare, 1200-1500 m alt, 8 Nov 1941. 

DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Northern Venezuela and Colombia at elevations above 1200 meters. VENEZUELA. 

MERIDA: Rich forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca, 

above La Azulita, 1375-1920 m alt, 25 Apr 1944, 

Steyermark 56095 (US, holotype of A. penduncu2ata Leonard, isotype VEN). COLOMBIA. NORTE DE 

SANTANDER: In woods between El Alto del Loro and 

Alto de Santa In&, vicinity of Sarare, 1800-2200 m 

alt, 18-21 Oct 1941, Cuatrecasas, Schultes, Plr E. 

Smith I2516 (COL, US). CUNDINAMARCA: CaAo de 

la Muerta, in the Gazaunta Valley, 15 km NW of 

Medina, 1950 m alt, 4 Oct 1944, Grant I0363 (US, 

holotype of A. grantii Leonard). 

114. Aphelandra macrostachya Nees 

Aphelandra macrostachya Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:88. 

Aphelandra schuZtesii Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 

ApheZandra monophthalma Leonard, Wrightia 2: 151. 1961. 

1847; in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:296. 1847. 

237. 1953. 

A beautiful shrub of low elevations; branches 

terete below, tetragonous, thick (to 4 mm in diameter at base of inflorescence), the upper portion more 

or less strigose-scabrous, lenticels scattered, oblong, 

about 1 mm long; leaf blades oblong-oval, 20-23 cm 

long, 6-8 cm wide, long acuminate at apex, narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, the margins entire or crenate, the upper surface shining, drying dark olivaceous, the costa and lateral nerves 

(about 12 pairs) sparingly hirtellous, the surface between the veins glabrous to sparingly hirtellous, the 

lower surface drying a light olive green, sparingly 

hirtellous, the hairs on the costa and veins hirtellousstrigillose; petioles (unwinged portion) 2-3 cm 

long, moderately hirtellous; flowers borne in terminal and axillary spikes, these elongate, 10-13 cm 

long, subsessile, with shorter lateral spikes, the 

peduncle 3-5 cm long, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the rachis silvery tomentose, except the glabrous region adjacent to the posterior calyx 

segment; bracts imbricate, drying brown, triangularovate, subcarinate, 6 mm long, 4 mm wide at 

2 mm above base, thence gradually narrowed to a 

slender, acuminate tip, entire, coriaceous, striatenerved, puberulous, the margins ciliolate, ocelli, 

occurring usually in pairs, elliptic, 1 mm long and 

1.75 mm wide, brown, nitid, indistinctly alveolate; 

bractlets lanceolate, carinate, 7 mm long, 2 mm 

wide at 2.5 mm above base, thence gradually narrowed to a slender tip, the keel densely silvery 

velutinous, the region adjacent to the keel puberulous, the marginal area subhyaline and glabrous, 

the margins sparingly ciliolate; calyx 7 mm long, 

the segments lanceolate, finely striate-nerved, inconspicuously puberulous, comose, the posterior seg 

ment 2.5 mm wide near base, the anterior pair 1.75 

mm wide, the lateral pair 1 mm wide, all narrowed 

from base to a sharp, slender tip; corolla red, 5-7 

cm long, puberulous, the hairs conical, the tube 4 

mm broad near base, narrowed to 1.5 mm at 7 mm 

above base, thence enlarged to 7 mm near mouth, 

the upper lip narrowly ovate, 20-25 mm long and 

6 mm wide at middle, tipped by 2 triangular 

acuminate lobes about 8 mm long and 3 mm wide 

at base, the middle lobe of the lower lip lanceolate, 20 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, slenderly acuminate, the lateral lobes adnate to the lower part of 

the upper lip, their free portion small, about 1 mm 

long; stamens slightly exserted beyond the mouth 

of the corolla tube; anthers 6 mm long and 1 mm 
102 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

broad, glabrous; capsule oblong, 2 cm long, chestnut brown, apiculate at apex, glabrous, muricate. 

TYPE.-Martius 3179 (holotype M, F photo 

20496), Colombia, Amazonas, Rio Negro, in the 

mountains of Araracuara along the Rio JapurP, 

Dec-Jan 1820. 

DISTFuBUTIoN.-h the northwestern Amazonian 

lowlands of Colombia and Brazil. COLOMBIA. 

VAUPES: Banks of Rio Inirida, at "Alto Caribe," 

220 m alt, 23 Jan 1953, Ferndndez 1927 (US); banks 

of the Rio PapunPua, 5 km above the mouth of 

the Inirida, 220 m alt, 1 Feb 1953, Ferndndez 2040 

(US); vicinity of the portage of Yurupari, 3 Mar 

1944, Gutierrez 6. Schultes 936 (MEDEL, holotype 

of A. schultesii Leonard); along the Rio Vaupes in 

the vicinity of Miraflores, 300 m alt, 3 Jan 1944, 

Gutierrez 6. Schultes 506 (MEDEL). AMAZONASVAUPES: Rio Apaporis, between the rivers Kananari 

and Pacoa, 250 m alt, 1-15 Dec 1951, GarciaBerriga 13920 (US, holotype of A. monopthalma 

Leonard); Garcia-Berriga I3926 (US). BRAZIL. 

AMAZONAS: Near Panure at the Rio Vaupes, Nov 

1852, Spruce 2591 (K, LE, P, W); Taracua on the 

Rio Vaupes, forest, 5 May 1924, Melin 89 (S). 

Probably related to A. pulcherrima, this species 

should be easily recognized by its slender spikes 

and small acuminate bracts. 

115. Aphelandra kingii Wasshausen 

Aphelandra kingii Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:481. 1973. 

Small, suffrutescent shrub, about 0.5 m high; 

stem 7 mm in diameter at base, glabrous below, 

upwardly becoming densely strigose; leaf blades 

elliptic to oblong, 13-16 cm long, 5-7 cm wide, 

abruptly acuminate at tip, narrowed at base to a 

short petiole 5 mm long, entire, sparingly strigose 

above, the lower surface densely strigose, the hairs 

about 2 mm long, the costa and lateral veins (about 

7-9 pairs) rather prominent, more so than above; 

flowers borne in a sessile, terminal oblong-ovate 

spike about 7 cm long and 2.5 cm wide, the rachis 

glabrous; bracts imbricate, rhombic-ovate, 20-21 

mm long, 15 mm wide, acute at apex, the tip itself 

a small mucro, cuneate at base, green, coriaceous, 

entire, striate-veined, bordered by a narrow subhyaline margin about 0.5 mm wide; bractlets subulate, 12 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, glabrous, each 

ending in a minute spine; calyx segments 8-9 mm 

long, glabrous, striate-veined, the posterior segment 

subulate, 2 mm wide, acuminate at apex, occasionally bearing a pair of minute teeth near the 

tip, the anterior pair subulate, 1.5 mm wide, acuminate at apex, the lateral pair conduplicate; corolla wanting; capsule oblong, 1.5 cm long, 5 mm 

wide, drying light brown, glabrous, apiculate at 

tip; seeds dark brown, 4 mm in diameter, muricate. 

TYPE.-King 6. Guevara 6136 (holotype US), 

Colombia, Putumayo, 40 km NW of Puerto Asis, 

300 m alt, 31 Ju1 1965. 

DIsTRIsuTI0N.-Known Only from the typelocality. 

Aphelandra kingii is closely related to A. boyacensis Leonard, but the bracts, bractlets, and calyx 

segments of that relative are considerably longer 

and wider. 

116. Aphelandra boyacensis Leonard 

Aphelandra boyacensis Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 

198. 1953. 

Shrub 1-2 m high; stem to 5 cm in diameter at 

base, the branches strigose; leaf blades obovate, to 

25 cm long and 12 cm wide, abruptly acuminate, 

narrowed at base to a short petiole 5 mm long, 

shallowly sinuate-dentate or entire, glabrous above 

or sparingly strigose, the lower surface densely strigose, the hairs about 1 mm long, the costa and 

lateral veins (6-12 pairs) rather prominent, more 

so than above; flowers borne in a subsessile terminal 

oblong-ovate spike about 7 cm long and 3.5 cm in 

diameter, the rachis sparingly strigose; bracts imbricate, entire, oblong-elliptic, 35 mm long, 17-18 

mm wide (the uppermost smaller), acute to slightly 

obtuse (tipped by a mucro 0.5 mm long), thin, 

green, coarsely reticulate (the meshes open), pergamentaceous, glabrous except the costa, this sometimes sparingly pubescent; bractlets lanceolate, 2 

cm long, 5 mm wide, glabrous, thin, veiny, each 

ending in a minute spine; calyx pale green, conical, the segments lanceolate, the posterior one 

about 15 mm long and 3.5 mm wide, the anterior 

pair slightly shorter and more narrowed, the lateral pair 13 mm long and 3.5 mm wide, all acute 

or acuminate and substriate; corolla pubescent 

without, about 3 cm long, very fragrant, creamish, 

the throat yellow, the lobes ovate to suborbicular, 

about 8 mm long; ovary glabrous; capsule not seen. 
NUMBER 18 103 

TYPE.-A. E. Lawrance 565 (holotype S, US 

photo 3637, isotypes MO, NY), Colombia, Boyaca, 

at El Humbo, 900 m alt, 7 Nov 1932. 

DIsmIsuTIoN.-~nown only from the typelocality. 

117. Aphelandra colorata (Vellozo) Wasshausen, 

new combination 

Ruellia colorata Vellozo, F1. Flum. 267, no. 9. 1825; Icones 

Lagochilium montanum Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:87. 1847; 

Aphelandra momtana (Nees) Lindau in Engler & Prantl, 

6, pl. 99. 1831. 

in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:293. 1847. 

Natiirl. Pflanzenfam. 4. Abt. 3b:322. 1895. 

Plants shrubby; stem subquadrangular, more or 

less strigillose above, becoming glabrous beneath; 

leaf blades oval-elliptic to oblong, 18-20 cm long, 

the lower about 6 cm wide, the upper 4.5 cm, 

acute, narrowed at base and decurrent on the 

petiole, moderately strigillose, the margins entire, 

deep green above, olivaceous beneath, strigillose, especially the costa and lateral veins (9-12 pairs); petioles (unwinged portion) 0.5-1 cm long, the pubescence similar to that of the stem; flowers in solitary, 

sessile, terminal or sometimes in one or more 

smaller basal spikes, these 7.5-9 cm long, oblong 

in outline, 3.5 cm wide (without flowers), closely 

imbricate, not spreading with age, the spike subtended by a pair of small lanceolate leaves; bracts 

large, purple, ovate-elliptic, 30-37 mm long and 

15 mm wide, obtuse, the tip revolute, sometimes 

minutely mucronate, slightly narrowed at base, 

subcoriaceous, 9-nerved, glabrous, the margins entire: bractlets lanceolate, 3.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 

acute, the tip a small mucro, striate-nerved, 

subhyaline, glabrous; calyx 4 mm long, the segments subequal, lanceolate, striate-nerved, subhyaline, glabrous, the tip ending in a small mucro 

(except posterior), the posterior segment 2 mm 

wide, retuse, the anterior pair 1 mm wide, the 

lateral pair 0.5 mm wide; corolla red, 3.8 cm long, 

barely exceeding the subtending bracts, glabrous, 

the tube erect, 2.5 cm long, narrow, 4 mm wide at 

base, then narrowed to 2 mm at 7 mm above base, 

gradually enlarged to 6 mm wide at mouth, the 

upper lip erect, oblong-lanceolate, 13-14 mm long 

and 5 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 4 mm long and 

2 mm wide, revolute, obtuse, connivent, the lower 

lip 3-lobed, the lobes subequal, the middle lobe 

ovate, 1.4 cm long and 4.5 mm wide, revolute, the 

lateral lobes lanceolate, 1.3 cm long, 3 mm wide, 

obtuse, spreading; stamens equaling the limb; filaments smooth, flattened; anthers 6 mm long, acute 

at both apex and base; style and stigma equaling 

stamens; stigma narrow, not infundibular, entire; 

capsule 12 mm long, tetragonal, obtuse. 

TYPE.-Velloro s.n., lost, if any, specimens were 

ever made. Typification is on the basis of the 

description and plate, especially the latter. 

DIsmIsUT1oN.-southeastern Brazil in the states 

of Minas Gerais and SHo Paulo. BRAZIL. MINAS 

GERAIS: Antonio Pereira, Mar, Martius 922 (M, syntype of L. montanum Nees); Ackermann sen. (BR, 

syntype of L. montanum Nees). SAO PAULO: Serra 

de S. Giraldo near Guidowald, in Indorum Coroados district, Sellow s.n. (B, destroyed, F photo 8674, 

syntype of L. montanum Nees); Ubatuba, Est. Exp. 

Ubatuba, 14 Mar 1939, Viegas s.n. (US). WITHOUT 

EXACT LOCALITY. Scllow s.n. (K). 

118. Aphelandra claussenii Wasshausen, 

new name 

FIGURE 11 

Lagochilium mucronatum Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:86. 

1847; in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:293. 1847 [non Aphelandra 

mucronata Nees, 18471. 

Plants shrubby; stem terete, glabrous; leaf blades 

oblong to elliptic, 17-25 cm long, the lower about 

8 cm wide, the upper 4.5-5 cm wide, acuminate, 

the tip rounded, narrowed at base and longdecurrent on the petiole, glabrous and deep green 

above, the margins entire or undulate, the lower 

surface drying a lighter green, glabrous except the 

costa and lateral veins (6-8 pairs), these sometimes 

sparingly puberulous; petioles (unwinged portion) 

0.5-1 cm long, canaliculate above, glabrous; flowers borne in solitary, sessile, terminal spikes, these 

7-10 cm long, oblong in outline, 2-3 cm wide 

(without flowers), the bracts imbricate, somewhat 

spreading with age, the spike subtended by a pair 

of small lanceolate leaves; bracts large, colored, 

obovate. 35 mm long, 15 mm wide, cuspidatemucronulate, slightly narrowed and cuneate at 

base, subcoriaceous, basally distinctly 5-nerved with 

reticulate venation near the tip, glabrous, the margins entire; bractlets lanceolate, 9 mm long, 1.5 mm 

wide, aristate, striate-nerved, subhyaline, mintuely 
104 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

ciolate; calyx 15-17 mm long, the segments subequal, lanceolate, striate-nerved, subhyaline, glabrous, the posterior segment 4 mm wide, ciliolate at 

apex, the anterior pair 2.5 mm wide, the lateral pair 

1.75 mm wide, these and the anterior segments tipped 

by a small mucro; corolla red, 3.5-3.7 cm long, barely exceeding the subtending bracts, glabrous, the 

tube erect, 2.5 cm long, narrow, 4 mm wide at 

base, thence gradually enlarged to 6 mm wide at 

mouth, the upper Iip erect, obIong, 10 mm long 

and 5 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 5 mni long and 3 

mm wide, acute, connivent, the lower lip 3-lobed, 

the lobes subequal, the middle lobe ovate, 1.2 cm 

long and 4.5 mm wide, acute, the lateral lobes 

lanceolate, 1.2 cm long, 3 mm wide, acute, spreading; stamens equaling the limb; filaments flattened, 

smooth; anthers 8 mm long, acute, mucronate at 

base; style and stigma slightly exceeding stamens; 

stigma somewhat infundibular, entire, pubescent; 

mature capsule not seen. 

TYPE.--M. Cluussen I074 (syntype P), Brazil, 

Minas Gerais, 1838. 

DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Southeastern Brazil, in woods in 

the states of Minas Gerais and Rio ae Janeiro. 

BRAZIL. MINAS GERAIS: Tombos, Fazenda da Cachoeira, 10 Ju1 1935, Barreto I519 (F). RIO DE JANEIRO: March 1872, Glaziou 4894 (K, P). 

119. Aphelandra hintonii Wasshausen 

Aphelandra hintonii Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:476. 1973. 

Suffrutescent shrub; stems subquadrangular, glabrous to hirtellous; leaf blades ovate, 21-25 cm 

long, 9.5-12.5 cm wide, acuminate (the tip obtuse), 

narrowed and conspicuously attenuate at base, submembranaceous, entire or shallowly crenate, the 

upper surface dark-olivaceous, strigillose, the lower 

surface brownish green, hirsute, the costa and lateral veins (12-15 pairs) prominent on the lower 

surface, densely hirsute; petioles (unwinged portion) 1.5 cm long, densely hirsute; flowers borne 

in a short, sessile, terminal spike 8 cm long and 3.5 

cm wide (without corollas), subtendetl by a number of small, leaf blades near the base, these ovate, 

9 cm long, 3.5-4 cm wide, the bracts densely imbricate, viscid, the rachis densely sericeous; bracts 

ovate, 33 mm long and 15 mm wide, acute, cuneate, 

colored, densely glandular-pilose, prominently 3- 

nerved, the margins entire, ciliate; bractlets lanceolate, subcarinate, 23 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, 

striate-nerved near base, the veinlets reticulate 

above middle, glandular-pilose; calyx segments 

lanceolate, 19-22 mm long, subequal, striate-nerved, 

glandular-pilose, the posterior segment 5.5 mm 

wide, the anterior pair 3.5 mm wide, the lateral 

pair 3 mm wide; corolla red, 6.5-7 cm long, 

glandular-pilose, the tube erect, 5 mm wide at 

base, narrowed to 4 mm at 8 mm above base, thence 

gradualIy enlarged to 9 mm at mouth, the upper 

lip oblong, erect, 2 cm long, 5 mm wide, entire, 

acute, the lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the lobes 

subequal, the middle lobe obovate, 2 cm long, 

1.5 cm wide, obtuse or rounded, the lateral lobes 

broadly elliptic, 1.5 cm long, 7 mm wide, acute; 

stamens exserted 1.6 cm beyond the mouth of the 

corolla tube; anthers 4.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 

rounded at both ends; ovary 5 mm long, 2 mm 

wide, glabrous; capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-G. Hinton 16049 (holotype US, isotype 

NY), Mexico, Michoacin, Coalcoman, Naranjillo, 

30 Oct 1941. 

DIsTRIBL!TIoN.-Known only from the typelocality. 

This species, known only from one collection, is 

distinguished by its large and broad leaf blades, 

short terminal spike, large, glandular-pilose bracts, 

and the large size of the corolla. The shape of the 

leaves and flowers somewhat recalls A. madrensis 

Lindau, but A. hintonii does not seem to be closely 

allied to any other species. 

120. Aphelandra blanchetiana (Nees) Hooker 

Aphelandra blanchetiana (Nees) Hooker, Bot. Mag. 117, pl. 

Strobilorachis blancketiana Nces in Martius, FI. Bras. 9:85. 

Aphelandra clava ‘IYawra, Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. 12: 1’74. 1862. 

Aphelandra porteaiia Morel var. clava (M’awra) Wawra, Bot. 

Aphelandra amoena Bull, Cat. 2, 1888, fide Index Kew Bull. 

7179. 1891. 

1847; in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:294. 1847. 

Ergeb. Reise Bras. 80, pl. 14. 1866. 

1889:77. 1889. 

Herbaceous, glabrous shrub; stem stout, 60 cm 

high, glabrous; leaf blades oblong-ovate, 21-32 cm 

long, 7-10 cm wide, acute to shortly acuminate, 

narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, 

entire, thin, the upper surface dark green, glabrous 

to sparingly puberulous, the costa and lateral veins 

(about 20 pairs) usually variegated silvery-gray, the 
XUMBER 18 105 

lower surface paler green, glabrous to puberulous 

except the costa and lateral veins moderately puberulous; petioles (unwinged portion) 1.5 cm long, 

puberulous; flowers terminal in 1-3 sessile spikes, 

these to 30 cm long, 4.5 cm wide (without flowers), 

the lateral spikes somewhat shorter, the bracts imbricate; bracts oblong-elliptic, 37.5-45 mm long, 

15-17 mm wide, rose colored to deep red, erect to 

spreading, acute, cuneate at base, puberulous without, conspicuously parallel veined, the 7-8 veins 

converging at apex; bractlets small, lanceolate, 1.2 

cm long, 1.5 mm wide, the tip mucronulate, striatenerved, glabrous or bearing a few hairs near the 

tip; calyx 2.5 cm long, the segments subulate, 

striate-nerved, scarious, acute, the tip a stiff bristlelike awn, glabrous, the posterior segment 4.5 mm 

wide just below the middle, the anterior pair 3 mm 

wide, the lateral pair 1.5 mm wide; corolla golden 

yellow, about 5 cm long, well exserted beyond the 

subtending bracts, densely glandular pilose, the 

tube narrow, 2.5 cm long, gradually curving over 

the short extending bracts, the throat shortly inflated, about 5 mm long, 7 mm wide at mouth, the 

upper lip erect, subrecurved, oblong, 2.2 cm long 

and 7 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 1 mm long and 

1.5 mm wide, obtuse, the lower lip 3-lobed, the 

lobes equal, oblong, 2 cm long, 3.5 mm wide, all 

obtuse, the lateral lobes somewhat narrowly reflexed; stamens included in the upper lip; anthers 

7 mm long, acute, mucronulate at base, downy to 

woolly; style exceeding anthers; stigma somewhat 

infundibular, entire, ciliolate; capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-Blanchet 2086 (syntype B, destroyed, F 

photo 8659, G, P), Brazil, Bahia, Ilheos. 

DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Known only from around the 

type-locality. BRAZIL. BAHIA: Blanchet s.n. (P); 

Blanchet 2087 (K, P); Ilheos, 1859-60, Wawra (1. 

Mazy 226 (W); Wawra G Mazy 296 (W, holotype 

of A. clava Wawra). CULTIVATED MATERIAL. Cult. 

at Kew, 3 Aug 1890, (K, labeled A. amoena Bull). 

121. Aphelandra vnriegata Morel 

FICURE~ 50, 51 

Aphelandra variegata Morel, F1. des Serres. ser. 1, 10:33, pl. 

Aphelandra porteana Morel, F1. des Serres, ser. 1, 10:41. pl. 

981. 1854-1855; Bot. Mag. 82, pl. 8999. 1856. 

984. 1854-1855. 

Herbaceous, glabrous, moderately branched 

plant, about 2 m high; stem stout, 30-60 cm high, 

undivided, erect, terete; leaf blades lanceolateoblong to ovate, 15-20 cm long, 4.5-9 cm wide, 

moderately acuminate, narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, entire, firm, the upper surface deeply greenish, fasciarius and somewhat paler 

green between the lateral veins, often whitevariegated along the costa and lateral veins, especially near the base, glabrous, the lower surface 

paler green (not glaucescent), glabrous to sparingly 

puberulous, especially the costa and lateral veins 

(8-1 1 pairs), the margins sparingly undulatecrisped; petioles (unwinged portion) short, 1 cm 

long, puberulous; flowers terminal in 1-3 sessile 

spikes, these 6-11 cm long, 3.5 cm wide (without 

flowers) ; the lateral spikes somewhat shorter, the 

bracts imbricate, somewhat spreading with age; 

bracts elliptic to broadly obovate, 30-40 mm long, 

15-17 mm wide, orange-red to yellowish orange, 

erect to spreading, subacute to obtuse, conduplicate, entire, cuneate at base, puberulous, the uppermost one the narrowest, lowermost pair the 

broadest, green within, conspicuously net-veined; 

bractlets small, lanceolate, 8.5 mm long, 2 mm 

wide, the tip mucronulate, striate-nerved, glabrous 

or bearing a few hairs on the margin near the tip; 

calyx 2.5 cm long, the segments lanceolate, striatenerved, scarious, the tip of the anterior and lateral 

segments a stiff bristlelike awn, glabrous, the posterior segment 7 mm wide just below the middle, the 

anterior pair 3 mm wide, the lateral pair 2 mm 

wide; corolla yellow, about 5 cm long, well exserted 

beyond the subtending bracts, moderately glandularpilose without, the tube narrow, 2.5 cm long, 2.5 

mm wide at base, the throat gradually enlarged, 

about 8 mm long, 5 mm wide at mouth, the upper 

lip erect, oblong, 1.7 cm long and 6 mm wide, 

bifid, the lobes extremely variable, 1-6 mm long 

and 2-3.5 mm wide, obtuse, the lower lip 3-lobed, 

the lobes nearly equal, somewhat revolute, conspicuously parallel-veined, the middle lobe lanceolate, 1.5 cm long, 4 mm wide, the lateral lobes 

oblong, 1.5 cm long, 3 mm wide; stamens included 

in the upper lip; anthers 6-7 mm long, acute, 

mucronulate at base, dorsally pubescent; style exceeding anthers; stigma infundibular, entire, puberulous; capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-Typification is on the basis of the description and plate, especially the latter. Introduced from Bahia, Brazil by M. Porte into the 
106 SMITHSONIAK CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

home of M. Morel of St. Mande, between 1846- 

1847. 

DIsTRIsuTIoN.-Collected in the state of Espirito 

Santo, Brazil and known from cultivation at the 

botanic garden in Vienna. BRAZIL. ESPIRITO SANTO: 

Agricultural zone, Jan 1916, Lutzelburg 12728 (M). 

CULTIVATED MATERIAL. Cult. hort. Vindob. 1865, 

Fenzl s.n. (W); de seminibus horti bot. Leodii 

(Sutlich.) Hort. bot. Monacensis 1864, Kummer 

s.n. (M); ex horto bot. Petropolitano 76.11 (LE). 

Aphelandra porteana was described by Morel as 

a variety of A. variegata. It was distinguished from 

A. variegata by the very short spike and the very 

lax bracts. After examining the two plates, I conclude that A. porteana is merely a more mature 

state of A. variegata. 

122. Aphelandra speciosa T. S. Brandegee 

Aphetandra speciosa T. S. Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 

6: 196. 1915.--Standley, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 23:1337. 

1926. 

Shrub or suffrutescent herb to 2 m high; stems 

simple, erect, quadrangular, slender, glabrous to 

sparingly pubescent; leaf blades glabrous, ellipticoblong, 10-32 cm long, 3-13 cm wide, longacuminate, attenuate at base, entire or undulate, 

thin, membranaceous, the upper surface drying 

dark green, the costa and lateral veins (usually 

10-12 pairs) white, plane or slightly elevated, less 

prominent than the lower surface, this drying a 

much lighter green, almost silvery; petioles (unwinged portion) 7-12 cm long, glabrous; spikes 

terminal, solitary, 12-16 cm long, 3-4 cm wide 

(excluding corollas), the peduncle 1 cm long, 

glabrous to sparingly puberulous, the rachis angled, 

puberulous; bracts deep vermilion-red, becoming 

bronze-green upon maturity, 30-40 mm long, 18-25 

mm wide, obscurely striate-nerved, obtuse or 

rounded, carinate, glabrous both within and without, the margins entire, ciliolate; bractlets similar 

to the calyx segments, lanceolate, 7-12 mm long, 

2-3 mm wide, striate-nerved, glabrous, the margins 

ciliolate; calyx segments subequal, lanceolate, subhyaline, thin, striate-nerved, the posterior segment 

15 mm long, 5 mm wide, the anterior and lateral 

pairs 16-17 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, aristate, all 

glabrous; corolla deep vermilion red, glabrous or 

the lobes glandular-puberulous, 5.5-6.5 cm long, 

the tube 2-3.8 cm long, 4 mm wide at base, thence 

gradually enlarged to 8 mm at mouth, the upper 

lip erect, 17 mm long, 10 mm wide, entire, acuminate, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes all obtuse or 

rounded, the middle lobe obovate, 16 mm long, 

9 mm wide, the lateral lobes elliptic, 10 mm long, 

3.5 mm wide; stamens included; filaments about 

4 cm long, epipetalous at base of throat, sparingly 

puberulous; anthers 7 mm long, apiculate, glabrous; 

capsule oblong, 20 mm long, about 8 mm broad, 

5 mm wide, brown, glabrous, shining; seeds dark 

brown, flat, about 7 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, 

sparsely granulose, puberulous. 

TYPE.-C. A. Purpus 6995 (holotype UC, isotypes NY, US), Mexico, Chiapas, Finca Mexiquito, 

June 1914. 

DISTRIBUTION.-Southern Mexico and Guatemala, 

at elevations above 1000 meters. GUATEMALA. SAN 

MARCOS: Canjutz ?, 1140 m alt, 31 Ju1 1922, Sdas 

16 (US). QUETZALTENANGO: 3 km S of Santa Maria, 

1500 m alt, 31 Ju1 1965, Roe, Roe, & Mori 720 

(US). SUCHITEPEQUEZ: Finca Moca, 1050 m alt, 

22 Oct 1934, Skutch 1496 (US); 25 Oct 1934, 

Skutch 1538 (US); south-facing slopes and barrancos of Volcin Santa Clara, 1.5-2 m W of Finca 

El Naranjo, 1250 m alt, 1 Jul 1942, Steyermark 

46800 (F, IJS). 

123. Aphelandra flava Nees 

FIGURE 9 

ApheEundra flava Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:297. 1847.- 

Aphelandra anomala Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 31: 

Aphelandra fusco-punctata Markgraf, Gartenbauwissenschaft 

Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:279. 1953. 

185. 1953. 

20:328. 1955 

Shrubby, to 1 m high; stem terete, minutely 

pubescent or pilosulous at the nodes; leaves drooping; leaf blades oblong, to 23 cm long and 5.5-7.5 

cm wide, acuminate, cuneate and decurrent on the 

petiole at base, entire, both surfaces puberulous 

except the costa and veins of the upper surface, 

these pilose; petioles (unwinged portion) 1-2 cm 

long; spike terminal, solitary, to 16 cm long, 3-4 

cm broad, the bracts closely imbricate, erectspreading or the lowermost drooping, the rachis 

glandular-pilosulous; bracts reddish orange, drying 

to light reddish, tip green, entire, oblong-ovate, 
NUMBER IS 107 

about 30 mm long, 20 mm wide or the lowermost 

somewhat smaller, acute, thin, glandular-pubescent; 

bractlets linear-lanceoltae, 18 mm long, 2 mm wide 

at base, striate-nerved, glandular-pubescent; calyx 

segments subequal, lanceolate, the posterior one 

4.5 mm wide, the two anterior each 3.5 mm wide, 

the lateral ones each 2.5 mm wide, striate, 

glandular-pubescent; corolla about 5 cm long, dull 

yellow, the limbs marked by small reddish brown 

spots, glandular-pubescent, the hairs minute except 

on the lips, here intermixed with longer hairs 

reaching 2 mm in length, the tube 4 mm in diameter at base, 5 mm wide at throat, the upper lip 

erect, oblong, 15-20 mm long and 6 mm wide, 2- 

toothed at apex, the teeth 2 mm long, acute, the 

lower lip 3-lobed, spreading, the middle lobe oval, 

about 25 mm long and 11 mm wide, slightly obtuse, the lateral lobes narrowly elliptic, about 7 

mm long and 2 mm wide, obtuse or rounded; 

ovary and capsule not seen. 

TypE.-Goudot s.n. (holotype K, isotype P), 

Colombia, Huila: Alto de Limba, Jul 1844. 

DIsmIsuTIoN.-Outside of cultivation, known 

only from the department of Huila, Colombia. 

COLOMBIA. HUILA: Cordillera Oriental, E of Neiva, 

700-1500 m alt, 31 Ju1 1917, Rusby CL- Pennell 470 

(holotype of A. anomala Leonard, NY, US); along 

Rio Magdalena, Suaza Valley, S of Garzbn, 1943, 

Epple s.n. (Z, holotype of A. fusco-punctata Markgraf). VALLE: Jicaramata, near the rio Tulu6, 15 

Sep 1853, Holton s.n. (K). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY. Prov. of Bogota, La Parada, 500 m alt, May 

1857, Triana 4074 (K, P); 1847, Goudot s.n. (K). 

CULTIVATED MATERIAL. Longwood Gardens Greenhouse Acc 601400, PI 265919, 16 May 1961, PeeEe 

528 (US); Bot. Gard. Miinchen, 1955, 1957, (M, 

these specimens bear the name Aphelandra fuscopunctata in Markgraf’s handwriting). 

Aphelandra flava is a unique species easily recognized by its rather large, thin, glandular-pubescent 

bracts, yellowish corollas, and reddish brown dotted 

limbs. 

124. Aphelandra hirta (Klotzsch) Wasshausen, 

new combination 

Strobilorhachis hirta Klotzsch in Otto & Dietrich, Allg. 

Lagochiliurn luteurn Kees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:87. 1847. 

Aphelandra Iutea Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:300. 1845. 

Gartenz. 7:308. 1839. 

Plants shrubby; stem subquadrangular, more or 

less strigillose above, glabrate beneath; leaf blades 

oblong-oval, 13-20 cm long, the lower about 7 cm 

wide, the upper 5 cm, obtusely acuminate, narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, glabrous and deep green above, the margins entire, 

the lower surface drying a lighter green, glabrous 

to moderately puberulous, especially the costa and 

lateral veins (8-10 pairs); petioles (unwinged portion) 0.5 cm long, the pubescence similar to that 

of the stem; flowers in solitary, subsessile, terminal 

spikes, these 5-9 cm long, oblong in outline, 3-3.5 

cm wide (without flowers), closely imbricate, not 

spreading with age, the spike subtended by a pair 

of small lanceolate leaves; bracts large, shining, 

colored, obovate, 30-34 mm long and 18-20 mm 

wide, obtuse, the tip itself revolute, slightly narrowed at base, subcoriaceous, basally distinctly 5- 

nerved, the venation reticulate near tip, glabrous, 

the margins entire; bractlets lance-subulate, 4 mm 

long, 1.5 mm wide, acute, striate-nerved, subhyaline, glabrous; calyx 5 mm long, the segments 

subequal, lanceolate (except posterior), striatenerved, subhyaline, glabrous, the posterior segment 

lance-ovate, 2 mm wide, the anterior pair 1.5 mm 

wide, the lateral pair 1 mm wide; corolla yellow, 

4.5-5 cm long, amply exceeding the subtending 

bracts, glabrous, the tube erect, 2.5 cm long, narrow, 3 mm wide at base, then gradually enlarged 

to 5 mm wide at mouth, the limbs ringent, subequal, the upper lip erect, lance-ovate, 1.8 cm long 

and 9 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 6 mm long and 3 

mm wide, obtuse, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes 

erect, subequal, the middle lobe ovate, 2 cm long 

and 7 mm wide, obtuse, the lateral lobes oblong, 

2 cm long, 5 mm wide, obtuse; stamens reaching 

the base of the lobes of the upper lip; filaments 

smooth, flattened; anthers 8 mm long, acute at 

both apex and base; style and stigma exceeding the 

stamens; stigma somewhat infundibular, entire, 

pubescent; mature capsule not seen. 

TypE.-Beyrich s.n. (B, destroyed), Brazil, Rio 

de Janeiro, Serra d’Estrella, near Jose Dios, Feb 

1823. 

DIsTRIBUT1oN.-Southeastern Brazil, in woods in 

the state of Rio de Janeiro. BRAZIL. RIO DE JANEIRO: Near Mandiocca, Jan, Feb, Herb. Martius 

s.n. (BR, syntype of A. Zzitea Nees); Serra d’Estre1- 

la, Feb-Mar 1823, Riedel 0.56 (LE); PetrOpolis, 

1879, Binot 38 pro parte (LE); Rio de Janeiro, 
108 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Riedel ii7 Luschnath 0.48 (LE); around Rio de 

Janeiro and Ouro Preto, 1883-84, Glaziou 15293 

(K). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY. Ferreira 649 

(K); Sellow 1173 (K, syntype of A. lutea Nees). 

Nees cites under his A. lutea, both the Martius 

and the Beyrich specimens, as well as other collections, as syntypes. 

125. Aphelandra martiusii Wasshausen, new name 

Lagochiliurn repandurn Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:86. 1847; 

de Candolle, Prodr. 11:293. 1847 [non Aphelandra repanda 

Nees, 18471. 

Large, glabrate shrub, 0.6-1 m high; stems subquadrangular, glabrous to sparingly strigillose; leaf 

blades oblong-lanceolate, 25-30 cm long, 4-7.5 cm 

wide, acuminate to attenuate at apex, attenuate at 

base and decurrent on the petiole, glabrous, the 

margins entire or repand, deep green above, 

the lower surface paler, glabrous to puberulous, 

the costa and lateral veins (about 11 pairs) prominent, puberulous; petioles (unwinged portion) 0.5- 

1 cm long, flat, puberulous beneath; flowers in 

solitary, terminal, sessile spikes, these imbricate, 

suboval in outline, 7-8 cm long, 4-6 cm wide, 

(without flowers), not spreading with age, the spike 

supported by a pair of small leaflike bracts; bracts 

large, showy, red, obovate-cuneate, 35 mm long 

and 25 mm wide just below the apex, obtuse, the 

tip minutely mucronulate, recurved-spreading, 

slightly narrowed at base, reticulate-nerved, glabrous, the margins entire; bractlets pink, lanceolate, narrowed and acuminate, 18 mm long, 4 mm 

wide, carinate, striate-nerved, subhyaline, glabrous; 

calyx 11-12 mm long, the segments subequal, 

lanceolate, striate-nerved, subhyaline, glabrous, narrowly acuminate (except lateral), the posterior 

segment 3 mm wide, the anterior pair slightly narrower, the lateral pair smaller, 1 mm wide, aristate; 

corolla reddish-purple, the limb reddish, 4 cm long, 

barely exceeding the subtending bracts, glabrous, 

the tube erect, narrow, 2 mm wide at base, gradually enlarged to 6 mm wide at mouth, the upper 

lip erect, ovate, 8 mm long and 8 mm wide, revolute, bifid, the lobes 1 mm long and wide, acute, 

the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes subequal, the middle lobe ovate, 4 mm long and 4 mm wide, revolute, 

the lateral lobes lanceolate, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide, 

spreading; stamens wliite, exceeding the mouth of 

the corolla tube but not reaching the upper lip; 

filaments smooth, flattened; style much shorter 

than the stamens, 1.5 cm long; stigma somewhat 

infundibular, entire; capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-Martius s.n. (syntype M, F photo 20492), 

Brazil, Par4 on the banks of the Xingu River, Sep. 

DISTRIBUTIoN.-Known only from the two Martius collections, Para Brazil and Vaupe, Colombia. 

COLOMBIA. VAUP~S: Woods of Porto dos Miranhas, 

prov. Rio Negro, district of Japura, Dec. Martius 

s.n. (M, syntype). 

126. Aphelandra squarrosa Nees 

FIGURE 40 

Aphelandra squarrosa Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:89. 1847; 

in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:300. 1847.-Lindau in Engler & 

Prantl, Katiirl. Pflanzenfam. 4, Abt. 3b:322. 1895. 

Aphelandra squarrosa Sees var. lnxior Xees in Martius, F1. 

Bras. 9:89. 1847; in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:300. 1847. 

Afihelandra squarrosa Nees var. angustifolia Nees in Martius, 

F1. Bras. 9:89. 1847; in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:300. 1847. 

Aphelandra squarrosa Nees var. citrina Planchon F1. de5 

Serres 8: 161, pl. 809. 1852-1853. 

Aphelandra squarrosa Nees var. leopoldi Van Houtte F1. des 

Serres 9:85, pl. 889. 1853-1854.-L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. 

Hort. 308. 1914.-Anonymous. Gard. Chron. ser. 3. 82:283. 

1927. 

Aphelandra leopoldii (Van Houtte) Lowe, Beautiful-leaved 

Plants, 55, pl. 27. 1861.-0. Krauss, Gartenwelt, 35:689. 

1931. 

Aphelandra oostachya WTawra, Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. 12: 172. 

1862; Bot. Ergeb. Reise Bras. 79, pl. 13. 1866. 

Aphelandra chrysops Bull, Cat. 7, 9. 1887.-Anonymous, 

Gard. Chron. ser. 3; 1:736, fig. 140. 1887. 

Aphelandra coccinna Rizzini, Arquiv. Jard. Bot. Rio de 

Janeiro 8:324. 1948. 

Plants subherbaceous, showy, scarcely branched, 

30-60 cm high, glabrous; stems terete, thick, succulent, collapsed and brownish when dry, the internodes 2.5-6.5 cm long; leaves crowded; leaf blades 

elliptic, glabrous, 25-30 cm long, 7-10 cm wide, 

shortly acuminate, the tip obtuse, cuneately narrowed and decurrent on the petiole at base, entire 

or slightly undulate, membranaceous to firm, the 

upper surface drying dark green, the lower surface 

paler, drying almost yellowish green, the costa and 

lateral veins (8-13 pairs) rather prominent, arcuate; petioles (unwinged portion) 2.4-3.2 cm long, 

flattened when dry, glabrous, very similar to the 

stem; flowers terminal, on 1-3 peduncled spikes, 
NUMBER 18 109 

the central spike about 11 cm long and 4 cm wide 

(without flowers), the peduncle thick, 5 cm long, 

glabrous, the lateral spikes somewhat shorter, about 

4 cm long, the peduncle 2.5 cm wide, the bracts 

closely imbricate, spreading somewhat with age; 

bracts yellow to orange, oval to ovate, 25-38 mm 

long, 18-25 wide, conduplicate, shortly acute and 

reflexed at apex, the tip mucronulate, slightly narrowed and truncate at base, papery, entire, shining 

and glabrous; bractlets lanceolate, 4.5-8 mm long, 

1-1.5 mm wide, subhyaline, striate-nerved, glabrous 

and sparingly glandular-puncticulate; calyx 8-10 

mm long, the segments lanceolate (the posterior 

segment lance-subulate), subhyaline, striate-nerved 

(the anterior and lateral pair ending in a stiff 

bristlelike awn), glabrous and sparingly glandularpuncticulate, the posterior segment 1.5-2 mm wide 

just below the middle, the anterior pair 1.25-1.5 

mm wide, the lateral pair 0.75-1 mm wide; corolla 

showy, yellow, 3.75-5 cm long, well exserted beyond the subtending bracts, glabrous without, pubescent within at the lips, the tube erect, 3-3.5 cm 

long, 3-5 mm wide at base, narrowed to 1-2 mm 

at 5 mm above base, thence gradually enlarged to 

7 mm wide at mouth, the upper lip erect, oblong, 

8 mm long and 5 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 3 mm 

long and 3 mm wide, obtuse and somewhat hooded 

at apex, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes spreading, 

subequal, the middle lobe ovate, 7 mni long, 5 mm 

wide, acute and slightly hooded, the lateral lobes 

obliquely curved, oval-oblong, 6.5-7 mm long, 3- 

3.5 mm wide, slightly acute to obtuse; stamens 

equal to or slightly exserted beyond the upper lip; 

anthers 5.5 mm long, dorsally and apically villous, 

acute, mucronate at base; filaments epipetalous 

near base of the corolla tube, pubescent at base 

and near apex, otherwise glabrous; style filiform, 

somewhat shorter than the anthers, glabrous except 

for the villous apex; stigma barely thickened, infundibular, bilobed, short; ovary 4 mm long, cylindric, glabrous; capsule 8 mm long, glabrous. 

LECTOTYPE.-Pohl 6034 (syntype W), Brazil, Rio 

de Janeiro, Serra de Macacu. 

DISTRIBUTION.-Southeastern Brazil, in woods in 

the states of Pernambuco, Minas Gerais, Rio de 

Janeiro, and Sao Paulo. BRAZIL. PERNAMBUCO: 

Pernambuco, 1842, Herb. Martius s.n. (BR, syntype). MINAS GERAIS: 1816-1821, St. Hilaire 61 

(P); Lagoa Santa, Warming sen. (C, W); Juiz de 

Fhra, 1879, Wawra 199, 200 (W), 200a (W, F photo 

32680); Est. Experimental, Agua Limpa, 21 Feb 

1956, Gomes 2483 (RB, US). RIO DE JANEIRO: Karwinski s.n. (syntype BR); Feb 1888, Bull s.n. (K); 

Cantagallo, Peckolt 262 (W); Alto Macahe de 

Novo Friburgo, 12 Mar 1870, Glaziou 4166 (K, P); 

Municipio de Novo Friburgo, between Teodoro de 

Oliveira & Nova Friburgo, 800-1000 m alt, 20 Apr 

1952, L. B. Smith 6684 (R, US); highway along 

Rio Friburgo, 26 Feb 1939, Lutz 1285 (K); between 

Cachoeira de Macacu and Friburgo, 25 Mar 1953, 

Pereira 1344 (RB, US); road to Friburgo, km 70, 

18 Jan 1957, Emygdio 1141 (RB, US); Friburgo, 

21 Feb 1944, Constantino s.n. (RB, holotype of A. 

concinna Rizzini); Teresopolis, Apr 1918, Fruscao 

8621 (RB); Serra de Teresopolis, 2 Dec 1966, 

Duarte 9595 (K, RB, US); Serra dos Orgaos, near 

Rio de Janeiro, May 1839, Guillemin 249 (cat. no. 

IOO’i), (P, holotype of A. squarrosa var. laxior 

Nees); Serra dos Orgaos, Picada Saudade, July 1915, 

Luetzelburg 6497 (M); Parque Nacional da Serra 

dos Orgaos, 20 May 1944, Paes s.n. (RB); Serra dos 

Orgaos, 3 Ju1 1948, Pereira 594 (RB); descent from 

Serra dos Orgaios to Freohal, Bzirchell 2561 (K); 

MagP, Apr 1823, Riedel 0.57 (LE); Petropolis, 

1859-60, Wawra it- Maly 411 (W, holotype of A. 

oostachya Wawra); Petropolis, 24 Mar 1879, Glazioti 11345 (K, P); Petropolis, 1879, Binot 38 pro 

parte (RB); Petropolis, edge of forest, 1879, Wawra 

42 (W); Petropolis, Morro do Retiro, 6 Jan 1883, 

Glaziou 14170a (K, P); Petropolis, 1947, Goes 120 

(RB); Itatiaia, Fazenda Henrique, 1000 m alt, Feb 

1899, Gounelle s.n. (G); Itatiaia, Monte Serrat, 

800 m alt, 21 Feb 1936, Brude 15046 (RB); Parque 

Nacional de Itatiaia, 17 Feb 1960, Barth 1-298 

(US); Serra d’Estrella, 2 Apr 1823, Riedel s.n. (LE). 

SAO PAULO: Serra do Cubatao, Sellow 478 (B, destroyed, holotype of A. squarrosa var. anginstifolia 

Nees); Cubatgo, 15 May 1957, Kuhlmann 4076 

(NY). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: Pohl 6051 (W, 

F photo 32681); Schott 6122 (W, syntype); 1816- 

1821, St. Hilaie s.n. (P); Novara Exped. 179 (W); 

1821-36, Riedel 0.60 (LE); Riedel L- Langsdorff 

107, 108 (LE). CULTIVATED MATT-RIAL. Cult in 

Hort. Bot. Reg. Kew., Oct 1893, labeled “A. chrysops = A. squurrosa var. leopoldii,” (K); cult. in 

Hort. Bot. Reg. Kew., Aug 1908, House sen. (K, 

labeled A. squarrosa var. louisiae); cult. in Hort. 

Bot. Reg. Kew., 14 Dec 1887, Bull s.n. (K, labeled 

holotype of A. chrysops Bull). 

Both Aphelandra squarrosa var. citrina and A. 
110 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

squarrosa var. Zeopoldi are horticultural varieties 

without any designated types. When comparing the 

plates with the Pohl syntype I cannot find any 

distinguishing characters for retaining these 

varieties. 

A. chrysops is a horticultural name without any 

designated type. Nicholson (1900:60) states that A. 

chrysops represents a synonym of A. squarrosa var. 

Zeopoldii. In comparing the plates with the Pohl 

syntype, no distinguishing characters for the retention of the epithet can be found. 

127. Aphekndra nephoica Wasshausen 

Aphelandra nephoica Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:483. 1973. 

Erect or decumbent herb to 50 cm high; stems 

terete, purplish, rather sparingly strigose; leaf 

blades oblong-elliptic, 8.5-11 cm long, 2.5-4 cm 

wide, short-acuminate at apex (the tip itself obtuse), long and narrowly decurrent on the petiole, 

firm, entire or shallowly undulate, the upper surface yellowish green, strigillose, especially the costa 

and lateral veins (8-11 pairs), the lower surface 

light green, glabrous or the costa and lateral veins 

inconspicuously appressed-puberulous; petioles 1- 

1.5 cm long, strigillose; flowers borne in 2, lax, 

axillary, peduncled spikes, these 3-4 cm long, the 

rachis strigose, the hairs spreading, the peduncles 

9-13 cm long, sparingly strigose; bracts erect, 

scarcely imbricate, triangular, 2.5-3 mm long and 

2 mm wide, acute, green, entire, carinate, the margins densely ciliate; bractlets lanceolate, 2.5 mm 

long and 1 mm wide, acuminate, striate-nerved, 

green, ciliate; calyx segments subequal, lanceolate, 

4.5 mm long, thinly scarious, striate-nerved, acute 

to acuminate, glabrous and minutely ciliate, the 

posterior segment 1.5 mm wide, the anterior pair 

1 mm wide, the lateral pair 0.5 mm wide; corolla 

mauve-pink, 1.8 cm long, glabrous, the tube erect, 

1.4 cm long, 2 mm wide at base, narrowed to 1 mm 

at 3 mm above base, thence gradually enlarged to 

2.5 mm at mouth, the lobes of the lower lip broadly 

rounded, broadly cuneate toward base, the middle 

one 5 mm long and 3 mm wide, the lateral ones 

slightly smaller, the upper pair much smaller (4 

mm long and 2 mm wide); stamens included, subequal; filaments epipetalous above the middle of 

the corolla tube; anthers oblong, obtuse, their tips 

cohering; ovary 1.5 mm long; capsule not seen. 

TwE.-Grubb, Curry, Q Fernandez 651 (holotype US), Colombia, Boyaca, Sierra Nevada del 

Cocuy, between BPchira and BocotP, 2250 m alt, 

21 Aug 1957. 

DISTRIBUTION.-In cloud forests, known only 

from the type-locality. 

Aphelandra nephoica is closely related to A. 

arnoldii, but the bracts of that relative bear a few 

minute teeth and its leaf blades are considerably 

longer and wider. 

128. Aphelandra andrei Leonard 

Aphelandra andrei Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 31:707. 

1958. 

Herbs to 0.3 m high; stems ascending, rooting at 

the lower nodes, densely hirsute, the hairs 0.5-0.75 

mm long; leaf blades oblong, to 8 cm long and 2.5 

cm wide, short-acuminate (the tip obtuse), narrowed at base, rather thin, entire, both surfaces 

moderately pilose; petioles slender, to 4 cm long, 

more or less pilose; spikes in 3’s terminating a 

slender, pilose peduncle 7 cm long, each spike 

about 1.5 cm long and 1 cm broad, borne on secondary, densely pilose peduncles to 7 mm long, 

the three spikes subtended by a pair of small leaves, 

18 mm long and 8 mm wide, subobtuse, narrowed 

at base to a winged petiole, about 3 mm long, the 

pubescence that of the stem leaves, the rachis 

densely hirsute; bracts thin, oblong, 7 mm long 

and 4 mm wide, acute at tip, narrowed at base, 

thin, entire, both surfaces hirtellous, the hairs to 

0.5 mm long, the margins ciliate, the costa and 1 

or 2 pairs of lateral nerves slender; bractlets narrowly linear, 5.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide at base, 

gradually narrowed to a slender tip, the outer surface pilose, densely so toward the tip, the inner 

surface glabrous, striate-nerved; calyx segments 

narrowly lanceolate, 0.75 mm wide, striate-nerved, 

puberulous toward the tip; corolla 1.8 cm long, rose 

or red, the lower half glabrate, the upper half 

pubescent, the hairs more or less curved, the tube 

1.5 mm broad at base, enlarged over ovary to 2 

mm, then narrowed to 1.25 mm, thence gradually 

enlarged to 4 mm wide at mouth, the upper lip 

about 3 mm long and 4 mm wide, bilobed, the 

lobes 2 mm long and wide, rounded and emarginate, the lower lip 4 mm long, 3-lobed, the lobes 

obcordate, 2 mm long and wide, emarginate; sta- 
NUMBER 18 111 

mens reaching the mouth of the corolla tube; ovary 

glabrous except the hirsute tip; capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-E. Andre‘ 4661 (holotype K, US photo 

4658), Colombia, Cundinamarca, in shade of virgin 

forests at San Ignacio, “Cordillera Orientalis Bogotensis,” Jan 1876. 

DIsTRIBuT1oN.-Known only from the type 

locality. 

129. Aphelandra campii Wasshausen 

Aphelandra campii Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:467. 1973. 

Suffrutescent, 1.5-2 m high; stems terete, glabrous; leaf blades elliptic to oblong, 13-14 cm long 

and 4.4-4.8 cm wide, acuminate (the tip blunt), 

gradually narrowed from above middle and attenuate at base, entire, submembranaceous, the upper 

surface deep green, glabrous or sparingly and inconspicuously puberulous, the lower surface pale 

green, glabrous, black-punctate, the costa and lateral veins (1 1-13 pairs) slightly raised, glabrous, 

more conspicuous beneath than above; petioles 

(unwinged portion) 1.5-3 cm long, glabrous or 

sparingly puberulous; flowers borne in short, fewflowered, pedunculate spikes, these axillary and 

terminal, 2-3 cm long, 1 cm wide (without corollas) 

forming a thyrse, the peduncles 1.5-4 cm long, 

glabrous; bracts obovate, pale cream-green, 8 mm 

long, 6 mm wide, obscurely 3-lobed at apex, cuneate 

at base, glabrous, glandular-punctate, net-veined, 

the margins entire, reddish; bractlets lanceolate, 

5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, striate-nerved, subhyaline, glabrous; calyx segments lanceolate, 5-6 mm 

long, striate-nerved, subhyaline, glabrous, the posterior segment 2 mm wide, acute, the anterior pair 

1 mm wide, the lateral pair 0.5 mm wide, both 

pairs mucronulate at tip; corolla yellow or pale 

cream, 2.8 cm long, glabrous, the tube suberect, 

25 mm long, 2 mm wide at base, 5 mm at mouth, 

the upper lip 2.5 mm long, the lobes 2 mm long 

and 1 mm wide, rounded, the lower lip 3-lobed, 

the middle lobe 2.5 mm in diameter, the lateral 

lobes 2.5 mm long and 2 mm wide, all obtuse or 

rounded; stamens reaching the tip of the upper 

lip; anthers 2 mm long, arachnoid at tip; capsules 

elliptic, light brown, 10 mm long, 2.5 mm in diameter, nitid, minutely pitted; seeds 2.5 mm long, 3 

mm wide at base, muricate. 

TYPE.--W. H. Camp E-1371 (holotype US, isotype 

NY ) , Ecuador, Zamora-Chinchepe, Cordillera CUtucu, east-trending slope from top of ridge down 

toward the Itzintza, 1440-1740 m alt, 17 Nov-5 Dec 

1944. 

DISTRIBUTION.-Rare, in underbrush at edge of 

forest, in Ecuador and Peru. PERU. HUANUCO: Rio 

Tulumayu, affluent of Rio Huallaga below Tingo 

Maria, hacienda LaVega, 1000 m alt, 23 Oct 1947, 

Fosberg 28846 (US). 

Aphelandra carnpii is perhaps nearest in relationship to A. jacobinioides Lindau, but differs 

markedly in that its leaves and bracts are much 

smaller and narrower and that its corolla lips are 

considerably shorter. 

130. Aphelandra acrensis Lindau 

Aphelandra acrensis Lindau, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 196. 

1914. 

Decumbent herb, 10-20 cm high, the roots horizontal; stem almost absent or extremely short; 

leaves numerous from base; leaf blades elliptic, 5-9 

cm long and 3.5-5.5 cm wide, slightly acuminate, 

cordate at base, loosely hirsute, yellowish green 

towards middle, the margins obscurely green, entire; petioles 3-9 cm long, hirsute-pubescent; flowers in a solitary, terminal, short, dense spike arising 

at the base of the plant, the peduncle 6-8 cm long, 

the rachis hirsute; bracts imbricate, ovate, 13 mm 

long and 5 mm wide, acute, the tip obtuse, narrowed at base, hirsute, 3-nerved, entire; bractlets 

lanceolate, 6 mm long and 1 mm wide, similar to 

the bracts; calyx segments puberulent, connate at 

apex, the lateral segments 4 mm long and 1.3 mm 

wide, the remaining segments 5 mm long and 1.5 

mm wide; corolla white or rose, violet-spotted, 2.8 

cm long, puberulent without, the tube 22 mm long, 

basally 2.5 mm broad, narrowed to 2 mm at middle, about 5 mm broad at mouth, the upper lip 

sinuate, 6 mm long and 8 mm wide, the lower lip 

3-lobed, the lobes subequal, about 7 mm long and 

4 mm wide; filaments 6 mm long, glabrous; anthers 

apically longmucronate: pollen grains typical, 

42~-46p long, 23p-27p in diameter; ovary 2 mm 

high, puberulous; style 20 mm long, sparingly pilose; capsule glabrous, 8 mm long, 2 mm wide; 

mature seeds not seen. 

TypE.-u/e 9833 (syntype B, destroyed, F photo 

8696, 18415), Brazil, Acre, Rio Acre in forest near 
112 S.\lITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Porto Carlos, with flowers and capsules, Feb 1911; 

Ule 9834 (syntype B, destroyed, isotype K), Brazil 

Acre, S. Francisco near Seringal, with flowers, Sep 

1911. 

DISTRIsUTIoN.-Known only from around the 

type-locality of Amazonian Brazil and Peru. PERU. 

HUANUCO: Huanuco: Tingo Maria, 31 Ju1 1940, 

Asplund 12651 (S); Supte, near Tingo Maria, 28 

Aug 1940, Asplund 13372 (S); 10 km down stream 

from Tingo Maria, 630 m alt, Stork Q Horton 9530 

(F, K, NA, UC). 

Aphelandra acrensis, according to Lindau, is 

closely related to A. phrynioides, but A. phrynioides 

is much larger and has much longer and extremely 

narrowed leaves, denser inflorescences and longer 

bracts. 

131. Aphelandra diachyla Leonard 

Aphelandra diachyla Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31. 

714. 1958. 

Herbs; stem glabrous, subquadrangular; leaf 

blades oblanceolate, to 21 cm long and 5.8 cm wide, 

short-acuminate, gradually narrowed from above 

middle to base, moderately firm, entire, both sides 

glabrous, the costa and veins (8-10 pairs) scarcely 

prominent; petioles to 15 mm long and 1.5 mm 

thick, glabrous; panicles terminal or subterminal, 

about 12 cm long and 6 cm broad, the internode 

between the 2 pairs of branches 3.5 cm long, the 

peduncle 8 cm long, 1.75 mm thick, the flowers 

solitary and sessile in the axils of the bracts, the 

lower internodes of the flower-bearing branches 5- 

19 mm long, the upper much shorter, the peduncles glabrous, the rachises sparingly puberulent; 

bracts oblanceolate, entire, 14 mm long and 4 mm 

wide, narrowed from above the middle to a small 

obtuse tip, glabrous, the veins obscure; bractlets 

narrowly triangular, 2.5 mm long, 0.75 mm wide 

at base, ciliolate, the flat surfaces glabrous, the 

costa and a pair of nerves conspicuous through 

transmitted light; calyx 5 mm long, the segments 

lanceolate, 1.25 mm wide near base, striate-nerved, 

sparingly hirtellous and ciliolate at tip, otherwise 

glabrous, conspicuously striate-nerved through 

transmitted light; corolla glabrous, 1.5-2 cm long 

(from base of tube to tip of corolla lobes), the 

tube 9-10 mm long, 1.5 mm broad at base, slightly 

enlarged over the ovary, narrowed to 0.75 mm near 

tip, the mouth 2.5 mm broad, the corolla lobes 

obovate, 7 mm long and 3 mm wide, obtuse, dellcately nerved; stamens included, 2 mm long; filaments slender, 0.5 mm long; ovary glabrous; 

capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-J. Trz'ana s.n. (holotype K, isotype COL, 

US photo 4655), Colombia, Choc6, San Pablo, Mar 

1853. 

DISTRIBUTION.-Known only from the typelocality. 

132. Aphelandra marginata Nees & Martius 

FIGURES 41, 42 

Aphelandra marginata Nees & Martius, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur., 

11:52. 1823.--Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:91. 1847; in de 

Candolle, Prodr. 11:300. 1847. 

Large, shrubby, glabrate plant to 1 m high; stems 

erect, terete, branching, canaliculate, glabrous, the 

bark grayish white, marked with numerous fissures, 

the internodes 5-10 cm long; leaf blades glabrous, 

oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 6-8 cm long, 3-4 cm 

wide, acute to obtuse at apex, narrowed and acute 

at base, citron green, firm, entire, retusely margined, the margins cartilaginous, finely ciliate, the 

upper surface shining, reticulately veined, coriaceous and rigid, the lower surface with the midrib 

conspicuous, protruding, the lateral veins numerous, reticulate; petioles 0.6-1.2 cm long, flattened, 

canaliculate above, glabrous; flowers borne in terminal, subsessile spikes, these 4-10 cm long and 1 

cm wide (excluding corollas), the flowers congested, the peduncle 0.6-1 cm long, glabrous, the 

rachis glabrous; bracts small, ovate-lanceolate, 6 mm 

long, 2 mm wide, striate-nerved, acuminate, truncate, at base, puberulous without, the margins 

entire, ciliolate; bractlets ovate-lanceolate, 4.5 mm 

long, 2 mm wide, striate-nerved, puberulous without: calyx green, 1 cm long, the segments basally 

united, acute, lance-subulate, 5-nerved, puberulous, 

the margins ciliolate, the posterior segment 2 mm 

wide near base, the anterior pair 1.5 mm wide, the 

lateral pair 1 mm wide; corolla showy, 5.5 cm long, 

red, moderately puberulous intermixed with sparingly and minutely glandular-pilose pubescence, 

the tube slightly oblique, cylindric, 3 mm wide at 

base, then narrowed to 1 mm at 7 mm above base, 

thence gradually enlarged to 6.5 mm wide at 

mouth, the upper lip erect, oblong-lanceolate, 2.5 
NUMBER 18 113 

cm long and 1 cm wide, entire, obtuse to retuse, 

the lower lip 3-lobed, subequal, the middle lobe 

oblanceolate, 2.5 cm long, 5.5 mm wide, acute, the 

lateral lobes oblong, 13 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 

obtuse; stamens exserted, almost reaching the tip 

of the upper lip; anthers 3.5-4 mm long, apiculate 

and recurved at both apex and base, dorsally pubescent; filaments epipetalous to the narrow portion of the corolla tube, glabrous except the 

extreme upper portion, this sparingly puberulous; 

ovary 3 mm long, glabrous; style 4 cm long, glabrous; mature capsule not seen. 

TypE.-?vfaximilian Prinz zu Wied-Neuwied s.n. 

(holotype BR), Brazil, Bahia, Barra da Vareda, 

1817. 

DIsTRIBuTIoN.-P~ana~to of eastern Brazil, in the 

states of Bahia and Minas Gerais. BRAZIL. BAHIA: 

Rodovia BR-4, 60 km N of state line between 

Minas Gerais and Bahia, 25 Jun 1965, Bele'm 1194 

(US); same locality, Bele'm 1217 (US). MINAS CERAIS: 

Our0 Preto, 29 Jan 1965, Herringer 10291 (NY). 

133. Aphelandra nuda Nees 

Aphelandra nuda Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:89. 1847; in 

de Candolle, Prodr. 11:301. 1847. 

Large, showy, shrubby plant; stems subscandent, 

terete, branching, glabrous, the internodes 5.5-1 1 

cm long; leaf blades glabrous, oblong to narrowly 

ovate, 13-15 cm long, 4.5-5 cm wide, acute to 

acuminate, narrowed and acute at base, citron 

green, firm, shining, the margins undulate, the 

costa and lateral veins inconspicuous, the midrib 

conspicuous, protruding, lateral veins numerous, 

branching, reticulate; petioles 1-2 cm long, canaliculate, glabrous; flowers borne in 1 or 2 terminal, 

secund peduncled spikes, these 20-30 cm long, 1 

cm wide (without corollas), the flowers distant, 

lax, the peduncle 9-12 cm long, subquadrangular, 

glabrous to sparingly puberulous, the rachis puberulous; bracts minute, ovate, 3 mm long, 2 mm wide 

at base, striate-nerved, acuminate, truncate at base, 

puberulous and muricate without, the margins entire: bractlets ovate, 2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 

acute, striate-nerved, puberulous and muricate 

without: calyx 6 mm long, the segments lanceolateovate, striate-nerved, acuminate, puberulous and 

muricate without, the margins ciliolate, the posterior segment 2 mm wide near base, the anterior 

pair 1.5 mm wide, the lateral pair 1.25 mm wide; 

corolla red, about 6 cm long, puberulous, the tube 

oblique, cylindric, 4.5 cm long, 3 mm wide at base, 

then narrowed to 1.75 mm at 13 mm above base, 

thence gradually enlarged to 6.5 mm wide at 

mouth, the upper lip erect, oblong-lanceolate, 14 

mm long and 8 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 1 mm 

long and 2 mm wide, obtuse, the lower lip 3-lobed, 

subequal, the middle lobe oblong, 15 mm long, 6 

mm wide, retuse, the lateral lobes oblong, 12 mm 

long, 2.5 mm wide, obtuse; anthers 6 mm long, 

apiculate, dorsally pubescent; filaments epipetalous 

low in the corolla tube, glabrous; ovary 4 mm long, 

drying black, glabrous; mature capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-Gardner 1111 (holotype W, isotypes G, 

K, F photo 26545, P), Brazil, Pernambuco, Recife 

(Pernambuco), 1837. 

DIsTRIBUTIoN.-Verified only from the typelocality. Nees (1847a) states that this species was 

also collected in Serra do OrgHos, Rio de Janeiro. 

To date, no specimens of this species have been 

reported from that second locality. 

134. Aphelandra tomentosa Lindau 

Aphelandra tomentosa Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser., 3:369. 

1895. 

Small scandent shrub; the branches tomentose 

above, glabrate below; leaf blades oblong, 4-10 

cm long, 1.5-3.5 cm wide, acute at both ends, entire, the upper surface scabrous, the hairs deciduous 

except on the costa, the lower surface densely pilose, 

particularly the costa and lateral veins, the hairs 

about 2 mm long, whitish, occasionally reddish; 

spikes one to several, terminal and axillary, sessile 

or short peduncled, 1.5-2.5 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, 

the rachis pilose; bracts entire, ovate-lanceolate, 

11-12 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, acute to slightly 

obtuse, pilose without, rather inconspicuously 4- 

nerved; bractlets lanceolate, 8 mm long, 2-2.5 mm 

wide, pilose without, carinate toward tip; the posterior calyx segment 8 mm long and 3 mm wide, the 

anterior segments 8.5 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, 

the lateral segments 7.5 mm long and 1 mm wide, 

all subcoriaceous, acuminate, delicately nerved and 

pilose at tip; corolla straw colored, pubescent 

without, about 5 cm long, the tube 17 mm long, 

2-3 mm in diameter at base, 5 mm broad at mouth, 

the upper lip oblong, 17 mm long, 7 mm wide at 
114 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

base, entire, acute, the lower lip 19 mm long, 5 

mm wide at base, the middle lobe 11 mm long, 

3 mm wide, the lateral lobes 8 mm long, 1 mm 

wide, all acute; filaments 30 mm long; anthers 5 

mm long; pollen grains typical, 461.1-571.1 long, 

34p-38p wide; ovary 1.5 mm long; style 3.5 cm 

long. 

TYPE.-Mo?.Z'tz 1669 (holotype B, destroyed, isotypes K, P), Venezuela, Aragua, Colonia Tovar, 

flowering May-June, 1852. 

DISTRIBUTION.-Northern Andean Venezuela at 

elevations between 750 and 2300 meters. VENEZUELA. SUCRE: Peninsula de Paria, 750-800 m alt, 

13 Aug 1966, Steyermark 6 Rabe 96414 (US, VEN). 

ARAGUA: Parque Nacional Henry Pittier, 1500-1700 

m alt, 20 Oct 1961, Steyermark 89778 (VEN, US); 

Colonia Tovar, 1800-2000 m alt, Dec 1924, Allart 

305 (US, VEN); Colonia Tovar, 2200 m alt, 21 

Dec 1915, John 445 (US); near Colonia Tovar, 

1854-1855, Fendler 814 (K, P). YARACUY: Cerro 

Picacho, N of Nirgua, 1200-1360 m alt, 11 Mar 

1967, Steyermark rl. Bunting 97635 (US); Cerro La 

Chapa, to the north of Nirgua, 1200-1400 m alt, 

9-10 Nov 1967, Steyermark, Bunting, 6 WesselsBoer 100297 (US). FALCON: Sierra de San Luis, 

mountain of Paraguariba, between the Hotel Parador and Curimagua, 1300 m alt, 21 Ju1 1967, Steyermark 99366 (VEN, US). MERIDA:2100 m alt, 

Funck Q Schlim 923 (G, LE, P, F photo 26546): 

Tabay, forest of the Isla and El Rincon, 2500-2700 

m alt, 8 Sep 1930, Gehriger 424 (US, VEN); near 

Tovar, Jan 1958, Aristeguieta 2968 (K, US, VEN); 

mountain of San Jacinto, on N side of Rio Chama, 

opposite Merida, 2195-2375 m alt, 19 May 1944, 

Steyermark 56685 (US, VEN); lower slopes of El 

Toro, 2300 m alt, 15 Nov 1952, Bernardi 71 (NY). 

135. Aphelandra hapala Wasshausen 

Aphelandra hapala Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:466. 1973. 

Herb, 1.2-1.8 m high; stems subquadrangular, 

densely strigose above, the hairs yellowish brown; 

leaf blades elliptic, 19-23 cm long, 8-9 cm wide, 

acuminate at both ends, the upper surface olivaceous, subnitid, glabrous, the lower surface yellowish green, densely hirsute, the costa and lateral 

veins (1 1-13 pairs) conspicuous beneath, densely 

strigose; petioles (unwinged portion) 3-4 cm long, 

sparingly strigose; flowers borne in a terminal, 

peduncled, lax, spike, 10-12 cm long (withoct 

corollas), 2 cm wide, the peduncle 6-6.5 cm long, 

both rachis and peduncle densely strigillose with 

yellowish hairs; bracts triangular-ovate, 8 mm long 

and 5 mm wide at base, slenderly acuminate, terminating in a small spine, entire, glabrous toward 

base within, otherwise hirsutulous with yellowish 

hairs, ciliolate; bractlets triangular-ovate, 8 mm 

long and 4 mm wide, abruptly and slenderly acuminate, spine-tipped, rounded at base, somewhat 

carinate, striate-nerved, sparingly hirtellous, the 

margins ciliolate; calyx segments oblong-ovate, 

spine-tipped, glabrous or minutely and rather sparingly puberulent, striate-nerved, the nerves callose 

below, the margins ciliolate, the posterior segment 

12 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, abruptly acuminate, the 

anterior and lateral pairs 12 mm long, 2.5-4 mm 

wide, acute; corolla orange, hirtellous, 4.5-5.2 cm 

long, the tube 3.5 cm long, 3.5 mm wide at base, 

6 mm wide at mouth, the upper lip erect, 17 mm 

long, 2-lobed, the lobes obovate, 6 mm long and 

5 mm wide, short-acuminate, the lower lip 14 mm 

long, 3-lobed, the middle lobe elliptic, 12 mm long 

and 6 mm wide, the lateral lobes 14 mm long, 4 

mm wide, all obtuse; stamens about equaling the 

corolla in length: anthers 6 mm long, mucronulate 

at base; ovary 4 mm long, glabrous; capsule not 

seen. 

TYPE.-R. Ferreyra 1670 (holotype US, isotype 

GH), Peru, Loreto, Divisoria, 1600-1800 m alt, 

28 Feb 1947. 

DISTRIBUTION.-Known only from the typelocality. 

A. hapala superficially resembles A. Zuyensis. In 

A. Zuyensis though, the leaf blades are finely serrate and spine-tipped and the corollas scarlet with 

yellow tubes. In A. hapala, the leaf blades are entire and the corollas orange. 

136. Aphelandra colombiensis Lindau ex Leonard 

Aphelandra colombiensis Lindau ex Leonard. Contrib. US. 

Nat. Herb. 31:196. 1953. 

Suffrutescent; stems to 1.3 m high, subterete, glabrous to sparingly hirtellous to moderately hirtellous at the nodes, sparingly branched; leaf blades 

narrowly oblong-elliptic, to 12 cm long and 3 cm 
NUMBER 18 115 

wide, acuminate, the tip often curved, narrowed at 

base and decurrent on the petiole, submembranaceous, entire or undulate, both surfaces glabrate or 

the costa and lateral veins (9 or 10 pairs) of both 

surfaces hirtellous; petioles to 2.5 cm long, slender, 

more or less hirtellous; spikes several, terminal, 

subsessile, crowded, forming a headlike cluster 8 

cm long and 5 cm wide, these subtended by a pair 

of leaflike bracts about 7 cm long and 8 mm wide, 

the rachis angled, finely puberulous; bracts ascending, closely imbricate, entire, oblong-lanceolate, 22- 

25 mm long, 6 mm wide slightly below the middle, 

acute, narrowed toward base, submembranaceous, 

puberulous, ciliate, the costa and lateral nerves 

barely prominent; bractlets narrowly lanceolate, 

11 mm long, 1 mm wide at base, carinate, striatenerved, puberulous toward tip; calyx segments subequal, subcoriaceous, striate-nerved, sparingly puberulous toward tip, the posterior segment 

lanceolate, rather abruptly acuminate, ciliolate at 

tip, a few of the hairs sometimes glandular, the 

anterior and lateral segments narrowly lanceolate, 

sparingly ciliolate, the anterior ones 1.5 mm wide 

near base, the lateral ones 1 mm wide; corolla dark 

scarlet, to 6 cm long, rather densely pubescent, the 

tube 2 mm broad at base, 5 mm broad at mouth, 

the upper lip erect, oblong-ovate, 2 cm long, 9 mm 

wide near base, acute, the lower lip 3-parted to 

base, spreading or reflexed, subequal, oblanceolate, 

about 18 mm long and 4 mm wide, obscurely veiny; 

stamens exserted about 15 mm beyond the mouth 

of the corolla tube; anthers linear, straight or 

slightly curved, about 5 mm long and 0.5 mm wide, 

acute at base, subobtuse and hairy at tip; filaments 

slender, glabrous; style sparingly and more or less 

retrorsely strigillose; ovary pilose at tip; capsule 

not seen. 

TYPE.-F. C. Lehmann 7440 (holotype K, US 

photo 3636), Colombia, Cauca, in dense brushwood 

formations on the Altos de Mismis above SupiA, 

1700-2000 m alt, Ju1 1891. A specimen of Lehmann’s no. 7440 was in the Berlin Herbarium 

(F photo 8662); this sheet bore in Lindau’s handwriting his determination “Aphelandra colombiensis n. sp.” 

DIsTRIsuTIoN.-Known only from around the 

type-locality. COLOMBIA. CAUCA: Above Arrayanal 

on the Rio Rivasalda, 1800-2000 m alt, Oct 1883, 

Lehmann 3314 (LE). 

137. Aphelandra steyermarkii Wasshausen 

FIGURES 54, 55 

Aphelandra steyermarkii Wasshausen, Phytologia 253488. 1973. 

Shrub; stems subquadrangular, strigillose above 

glabrate below; leaf blades elliptic to oblong, 11- 

15 cm long, 3.5-5 cm wide, acuminate, gradually 

narrowed at base, membranaceous, entire, the upper surface inconspicuously strigillose, dark green, 

the lower surface pale green, strigillose, particularly the costa and lateral veins (about 7 pairs), 

these rather prominent beneath but obscure above; 

petioles 1.5-3 cm long, strigillose; spike short, solitary, terminal, sessile or short peduncled, 2-2.5 cm 

long, 1-1.5 cm wide (excluding corollas), the 

rachis densely sericeous; bracts lanceolate, 18-20 

mm long, 4-6 mm wide, acuminate, cuneate at 

base, entire, densely sericeous without, glabrous 

within, obscurely nerved; bractlets lanceolate, 9-10 

mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, densely sericeous without, glabrous within; calyx 5-6 mm long, acute, 

the posterior segment 3 mm wide, the anterior 

segments 2 mm wide, the lateral segments 1.5 mm 

wide, all striate-nerved, inconspicuously sericeous 

without, finely ciliolate at tip; corolla orange, glabrous except the limb, these finely pubescent, 5.5-6 

cm long, the tube narrowly funnelform, 2 mm 

broad at base, the tube 40 mm long, 7 mm broad 

at mouth, the upper lip erect, ovate, 20 mm long, 

10 mm wide at base, inconspicuously and minutely 

bilobed at tip, the lower lip erect or spreading, 

3-lobed, the middle lobe oblong, 22 mm long, 7 mm 

wide at base, acute, the lateral lobes linear, 12 mm 

long, 1.5 mm wide, adnate in part to the upper 

lip; stamens exserted 16 mm beyond the mouth of 

the corolla tube; anthers 4.5 mm long, 0.75 mm 

broad, acute at both ends, glabrous; filaments 45 

mm long, glabrous; style 55 mm long, glabrous; 

capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-Steyermark-ASostini 1 (holotype US, isotypes NY, VEN), Venezuela, Aragua, Parque Nacional Henry Pittier, on Pic0 Periquito, 1250-1600 

m alt, 4 Sep 1960. 

DIsTRIsuTI0N.-Known only from the typelocality. VENEZUELA. ARAGUA: Parque Nacional 

Henry Pittier (Rancho Grande), road to El Portachuelo, 3 Sep 1965, Castellanos ?2 (VEN); Parque 

Nacional Henry Pittier, 1956, Herb. Nac. Venezuela 40115. 
116 SMITHSOSIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Aphelandra steyermarkii is somewhat like A. 

tomentosa, but that species has smaller leaf blades, 

shorter, acute to slightly obtuse, pilose bracts, 

shorter corollas (5 cm long), and an entire upper 

lip. 

138. Aphelandra lasiophylla Leonard 

Aphelandra lasiophylla Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 

31:192. 1953. 

Shrubs; stems terete, densely strigose, the hairs 

light brown, 0.5 mm long; leaf blades oblong 

elliptic, to 28 cm long and 10 cm wide, shortacuminate at apex, narrowed at base and decurrent 

on the petiole, coriaceous, entire or undulate, the 

upper surface glabrous to sparingly strigose, the 

lower surface densely brown pilose to subtomentose, to 1 mm long, the costa and lateral veins 

(about 15 pairs) prominent below, less so above; 

petioles to 1.5 cm long and 3 mm in diameter, 

densely brown-pilose to subtomentose; spikes terminal, solitary, subsessile, about 13 cm long and 

1.5 cm broad, loosely imbricate, the rachis silverypubescent; bracts narrowly ovate, 15 mm long, 7 

mm wide near base, acute, coriaceous, entire, glabrous, sparingly ciliolate, the costa and lateral 

nerves obscure, glandular area wanting; bractlets 

lanceolate, 2.5 mm wide near base, acute, carinate, 

dorsally white-tomentose except a narrow marginal 

area, this glabrous, subhyaline and striate; calyx 

14 mm long, the segments coriaceous, obscurely 

striate, acute, finely pubescent, the posterior segment oblonglanceolate, 5 mm wide near base, the 

anterior pair lanceolate, 3 mm wide near base, the 

lateral pair narrowly lanceolate, 2.5 mm wide at 

base; corolla (very immature) finely pubescent at 

least 3 cm long; ovary glabrous. 

TYPE.--J. Triana s.n. (holotype COL), Columbia, Antioquia, 1300 m alt, May 1852. 

locality. 

DIsTRIsuTIoN.-Known only from the type139. Aphelandra limbatifolia Lindau 

FIGURE 29 

Aphelandra limbatifolia Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser., 2 (4): 

323. 1904. 

Shrub about 1 m high; branches pubescent when 

young, glabrate in age; leaf blades elliptic, 14-20 

cm long, 5-7 cm wide, acuminate at apex, narrowed 

at base, glabrous to sparingly pilose above, the 

costa of the lower surface pilose, the margin cartilaginous, ciliate, undulate; petiole 1 cm long, pilose; 

spike short, terminal, few-flowered; bracts ovate, 

15 mm long, 6 mm wide, acuminate, entire, puberulent; bractlets sublanceolate, 20 mm long, 4 

mm wide, scarious, puberulent; calyx lobes unequal, lanceolate, scarious, ciliolate at apex, the 

posterior segment 16 mm long and 4 mm wide, 

the anterior pair 14 mm long and 3 mm wide, the 

lateral pair 10 mm long and 2 mm wide; corolla 

pale purple, 6.4 cm long, puberulent, the tube 4.5 

cm long, 3 mm wide at base, 5 mm wide at mouth, 

the upper lip 19 mm long, the tip divided into two 

acute lobes 6 mm long and 5 mm wide, the lower 

lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe rotund, 15 mm long 

and Y mm wide, the lateral lobes lanceolate, 5 mm 

long and 1 mm wide; stamens about as long as the 

corolla: anthers 6 mm long, dorsally pilose; filaments pilose to center; pollen grains typical, 

65p-7Op long, 3Op-35p diameter; ovary glabrous, 

1.5 mm high; style 57 mm long, glabrous; capsule 

not seen. 

TYPE.-A. Weberbauer 1200 (holotype B, destroyed, F photo 866Y), Peru, Puno, on road between Sandia and Chunchusmayo near Tambo, 

1000 m alt, 23 Jun 1902. 

DIsTRIBUT1oN.-Known only from around the 

type-locality. PERU. PUNO: Carabaya, trail Santo 

Domingo to Machu, 1400 m alt, 30 May-1 Jun 

1942, Metcalf 30654 (UC); Carabaya, hacienda 

Quillabamba-Sangasi, 1000 m alt, 13 Oct 1957, 

Vargas 17577 (US). 

Aphelandra limbatifolia is easily distinguished 

by the peculiar limbate border of the leaf blades 

and the short spikes. This description was compiled in part from the original and a photo of the 

type* 

140. Aphelandra pinarotricha Leonard 

Aphelandra pinarotricha Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 

31:716. 1958. 

Shrubs; stems subquadrangular, densely pilose, 

to 3 m high, the hairs sordid, to 2 mm long; leaf 

blades oblong, to 7 cm long and 2.2 cm wide, shortacuminate, the tip subobtuse, narrowed at base, 
NUMBER 18 

117 

firm, entire, pilose, sordid, confined chiefly to the 

costa and lateral veins (about 10 pairs), these rather 

prominent beneath but obscure above; petioles to 

1 cm long, densely pilose; spikes usually 3, terminal 

and subterminal, to 4 cm long and 2 cm broad 

(excluding corollas), the peduncle of the terminal 

spike about 1 cm long, those of the lateral spikes 

3-4 cm long, all densely and sordidly pilose, the 

rachis moderately pilose, furrowed; bracts lanceolate, 16 mm long, 5 mm wide, the lower half pilose, 

the hairs to 2 mm long, the upper half glabrate 

just below the tip, entire, ciliate, obscurely nerved; 

bractlets lanceolate, 9 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 

sparingly pilose dorsally, ciliate, delicately nerved; 

calyx 8 mm long, acute, glabrous, the posterior 

segment 3 mm wide, the anterior segments 1.5 mm 

wide, the lateral segments 1 mm wide, finely ciliolate at tip, striate-nerved; corolla orange or yellow, 

the lower part glabrous, the upper part finely pubescent, 4 cm long from base of tube to tip of 

upper lip, the tube narrowly funnelform, 2.5 mm 

broad at base, 4-5 mm broad at mouth, the upper 

lip erect, ovate, 4 mm wide at base, 6 mm wide at 

middle, subacute, the lower lip 17 mm long, 5 mm 

wide at base, erect to spreading, 3-lobed, the middle lobe lanceolate, 12 mm long, 3.5 mm wide just 

below middle, the lateral lobes linear, 10 mm long, 

1.5 mm wide; stamens exserted 12 mm beyond the 

mouth of the corolla; anthers 4.5 mm long, 0.75 

mm broad, acute at both ends, glabrous; filaments 

glabrous; ovary glabrous; capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-Grant, Killip, Q Fosberg 9124 (holotype 

US, isotype US), Colombia, Cundinamarca, between Sibate and Fusagasuga, 35 km SW of Bogotia,

Cordillera Oriental, 2650 m alt, 30 Apr 1944. 

DIsTRIsUTIo?J.-Andean Colombia in the department of Cundinamarca. COLOMBIA. CUNDINAMARCA: Highway Villeta to Utica, 800-1450 m alt, 15 

NOV 1959. Gnlcia-Rnrliga 17201 (COL, US). 

141. Aphelandra verticillata Nees ex Hemsley 

FIGURE 18 

Aphelandra verticilla,ta Nees ex Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Amer. 

Bot. 2:513. 1882 [nom. nov.1.-Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 

11:281. 1847 [as synonym]. 

Crossandra haenkeana Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:281. 

1847 [non Aphelandra haenkeana Nees]. 

Shrub or suffrutescent herb to 1.2 m high; stems 

basally quadrangular, later becoming somewhat 

terete, elongated, glabrous to white-villous; leaf 

blades quaternate, ovate, the upper narrowly ovateoblong, 7-9.5 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, acuminate, 

narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, 

entire, the upper surface drying dark green, moderately puberulous interspersed with a few pilose 

hairs, the costa and lateral veins (usually 7-11 

pairs) plane or slightly elevated, more prominent 

on the lower surface, this drying light green or 

olive, moderately puberulous, the hairs evenly distributed or confined chiefly to the costa and lateral 

veins; petioles (unwinged portion) about 2 mm 

long, puberulous; spikes terminal, solitary, 4-9 cm 

long, 2 cm wide (excluding corollas), the rachis 

angled, puberulous; bracts lance-ovate to oblong, 

15-17 mm long and 5-6 mm wide, striate-nerved, 

acuminate or cuspidate, the cusp about 0.5 mm 

long, sparingly pubescent both within and without, the margins entire, pilose; bractlets linearlanceolate, 17-18 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, arktate, striate-nerved, glabrous within, minutely 

puberulous without, the margins pilose; calyx segments similar to the bracts, subequal, linearlanceolate, 17-18 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, aristate. 

mucronate, the mucro about 0.5 mm long, striatenerved, the pubescence similar to that of the bractlets; corolla yellow, glabrous to sparingly puberulous, 3.5-4 cm long, the tube 2 cm long, 3.5 mm 

wide at base, thence gradually enlarged to 6 mm 

at mouth, the upper lip erect, 12 mm long, 4.5 mm 

wide,, deeply bifid, the lobes elliptic, 4.5 mm long, 

2 mm wide, acute, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes 

all obtuse or rounded, the middle lobe obovate, 12 

mm long, 5 mm wide, the lateral lobes elliptic, 11 

mm long, 3.5 mm wide; stamens exserted about 1 

cm beyond mouth of the corolla tube, almost 

reaching the upper lip; the filaments 25 mm long, 

glabrous or sparingly puberulent; the anthers 2.5 

mm long, recurved at apex, united apically by long 

weak hairs; mature capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-Haenhe s.n. (holotype PR), Mexico. 

DIsTRIsuTIoN.-Endemic to Mexico. MEXICO. 

MEXICO: Temascaltepec, Ypericones, 1500 m ah, 

19 Dec 1832, Hinton 2971 (K, US). MICHOACAN: 

Zitacuaro, Zitaicuaro-Enandio, 1850 m alt, 26 Nov 

1938, Hinton 13486 (K, US, W). GUERRERO: 36-38 

km from Iguala on road to Teloloapan, near Los 

Sabinos, 5 Nov 1949, Moore 5503 (US); Sierra 

Madre del Sur, N of Rio Balsas, Temisco, rocky 
118 SMITHSOXIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

canon of Rio Achotla, 250-550 m alt, 26 Nov 1937, 

Mexia 8904 pro parte (US). 

142. Aphelandra lutibracteata Wasshausen 

Aphelandra latibracteata Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:468. 1973. 

Shrub 0.6-1.2 m high; stems minutely puberulent; leaf blades elliptic to oblong, 30-34 cm long, 

9-11 cm wide, short-acuminate, narrowed at base 

and decurrent on the petiole, moderately firm, glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (11-13 pairs) 

bearing a few appressed hairs, the margins entire; 

petioles to 1.5 cm long, canaliculate, minutely 

puberulent; spikes stout, one or several, terminal, 

subsessile, 12.5-14 cm long, 2.5-3 cm broad, the 

peduncle about 1 cm long, it and the rachis glabrous or minutely and sparingly puberulent; bracts 

red, obovate, 16-18 mm long, 12-13 mm wide, 

rounded at apex, glabrous, subhyaline, striatenerved, the margins entire; bractlets oblong, 10 

mm long, 3.5 mm wide, acute, striate-nerved, 

minutely puberulous without; calyx segments triangular, subequal, 8-1 0 mm long, the posterior 

segment 3.5 mm wide near base, the anterior pair 

3 mm wide, the lateral pair 2.5 mm wide, all acute, 

striate-nerved, glabrous or minutely and inconspicuously puberulous, the margins ciliolate; corolla 

(immature) whitish, puberulent, 3 cm long, the 

tube 1.5 cm long, 4 mm wide at base, enlarged to 

7 mm at mouth, the upper lip erect, 1-1.5 cm 

long, 2-lobed, the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle 

lobe missing, the lateral lobes oblong, about 5 mm 

long, 2 mm wide, obtuse; stamens almost reaching 

the upper lip; anthers 5 mm long, pubescent; 

stigma infundibular, 3 mm wide. 

TYPE.-R. Ferreyra 1908 (holotype US), Peru. 

Huan uco, Leoncio Prado, Rio Supte, near Tingo 

Maria, 700-800 m alt, 9 Mar 1947. 

DIsTRIBUTIoN.-Known only from around the 

type-locality. PERU. HUANUCO: Puerto Inca, 

Bosque National de Iparia, 500-600 m alt, 12 Dec 

1968, Schunke 2863 (F, US); southwestern slope of 

the Rio LlullaPichis watershed, on the ascent of 

Cerros del Sira, 250 m alt, 21 Jun 1969, Wolfe 

12109 (F, hTA). 

Aphelandra latibracteata is not nearly allied to 

the other species. It superficially resembles A. Ziboniana from southern Brazil; however, this species 

has shorter leaf blades, much longer bracts, and a 

larger, yellow (red toward apex) corolla. 

143. Aphelandra montis-scalaris Lindau ex Pilger 

FIGURE 13 

Aphelandra rnontis-scalaris Lindau ex Pilger, Verh. Bot. Ver. 

Brand. 47:188. 1905. 

Shrub to 2 m high; branches woody, smooth; leaf 

blades 12-18 cm long, 5-7 cm wide, obtusely acuminate, cuneate at base, subcoriaceous, glabrous, 

entire; petioles 2-3 cm long; spikes short, 1-2 cm 

long, few-flowered, in the axils of the upper leaves 

forming a thyrse, the peduncles to 3 cm long, sparingly pilose; bracts obcordate, 10 mm long, 4 mm 

wide at base, 8 mm wide at tip, minutely pilose, 

entire, parallel-nerved; bractlets ovate, 5 mm long, 

2 mm wide, obtuse, minutely pilose; calyx segments 

ovate, glabrous, the posterior segment 6 mm long, 

3 mm wide, the anterior 5.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 

the lateral 5.5 mm long and 1.5 mm wide; corolla 

red, 4.1 cm long, the tube obconical, 37 mm long, 

2 mm wide at base, 7 mm at middle, 9 mm at 

mouth, the lobes rounded, the upper lip 4 mm in 

diameter, the lower lip 3 mm; stamens 25 mm 

long, exserted; anthers 4 mm long: pollen grains 

typical, 60p long, 30p diameter; style 4.5 cm long. 

pilose at base. 

TYPE.--,!?. UZe 6558 (holotype B, lost, F photo 

8675, isotype K), Peru, Loreto, Cerro do Escaler, 

1200 m alt, Nov 1902. 

DIsmIsuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality. 

A close affinity evidently exists between this and 

A. jacobinioides. In this latter species, however, the 

corolla is orange instead of red, the corolla tube 

about 5 mm longer, and the posterior calyx segment truncate, and thus dissimilar to the lateral 

and anterior segments. In A. montis-scalaris all 

the calyx segments are ovate. 

144. Aphelandra stephanophysa Nees 

Aphelandra stephanophysa Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:90. 

Aphelandra Zutea Nees var. angustifolia Glaziou, Bull. SOC. 

1847; in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:300. 1847. 

Bot. France, 58, Mkm. 3f:534. 1911. 

Erect, suffrutescent shrub, about 1 m high; stem 
NUMBER 18 119 

terete, glabrous or puberulous; leaf blades oblong, 

13.5-22 cm long, the lower about 4.5 cm wide, the 

upper 2.5-3 cm wide, acuminate, the tip rounded, 

narrowed at base and cuneately decurrent on the 

petiole, thin, glabrous and deep green above, the 

costa and lateral veins (about 10-12 pairs) usually 

variegated yellow, the margins somewhat repand, 

the lower surface drying a lighter green, glabrous 

except the costa and lateral veins, these puberulous; petioles (unwinged portion) 0.5-1 cm long, 

the pubescence similar to that of the stem; flowers 

on solitary, terminal, pedunculate spikes, these 4-6 

cm long, 1.5 cm wide (without flowers), the peduncle 1-3.5 cm long, puberulous, the bracts imbricate, not notably spreading with age; bracts yellow, 

oblong to obovate, 12-15 mm long, 9-10 mm wide 

just above the middle, obtuse, slightly narrowed 

and cuneate at base, firm, &nerved, glabrous and 

glandular-puncticulate without, the margins entire; 

bractlets lance-subulate, 7.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, 

carinate, striate-nerved, subhyaline, puberulous and 

sparingly glandular-puncticulate without, the margins ciliolate; calyx 8.5 mm long, the segments 

lanceolate, subequal, striate-nerved, subhyaline, 

glabrous and sparingly glandular-puncticulate, the 

margins ciliolate, the posterior segment 2.75 mm 

wide near the middle, slightly shorter than the 

remaining segments, the anterior pair 1.75 mm 

wide, the lateral pair 1.25 mm wide; corolla red, 

3 cm long, well exserted beyond the subtending 

bracts, sparingly glandular-puncticulate, the tube 

erect, 3 mm wide at base, thence gradually enlarged to 6 mm wide at mouth, the upper lip erect, 

oblong, 4 mm long and 4 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 

2'mm long and 2 mm wide, obtuse, the lower lip 

3-lobed, the lobes subequal, the middle lobe ovate, 

4.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, obtuse, the lateral lobes 

oblong, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide, obtuse, erect; 

stamens included; filaments flattened, smooth; anthers 5 mm long, obtuse, acute at base; style included, filiform, stigma narrow, not infundibular; 

mature capsule not seen. 

TYPE.--Langsdorfl s.n. (holotype LE), Brazil, 

Rio de Janeiro, in forest, near Macahe, Jun. 

DIsTRIBuTI0N.-Known only from around the 

type-locality. In state of Rio de Janeiro, between 

hlacahe and Novo Friburgo. BRAZIL. RIO DE JANEIRO: Alto Macahe, 12 Mar 1870, Gluziou 4165 

(P, holotvpe of A. lutea Nees var. angustifozia 

Glaziou, F photo 22155, isotype K); forests of Alto 

da Serra near Novo Friburgo, 22 Jan 1898; Ule 

4588 (HBG) ; Organ Mts., Rio de Janeiro, Miem 

400.2 (K). 

145. Aphelandra madrensis Lindau 

FIGURES 22, 23 

Apkelandra madrensis Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 11. 4:326. 

1904.--Standley, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 23: 1336. 1926. 

Shrub 2-4 m high; branches glabrous to sparingly pubescent at tip; leaf blades oblong to ovate, 

10-22 cm long, to 7 cm broad, obtusely acuminate, 

rather abruptly narrowed into the slender, winged 

petioles, 3-7 cm long, reticulately veined, entire or 

undulate, the upper surface glabrous to sparingly 

pubescent, the costa and lateral veins (10-12 pairs) 

more prominent on the lower surface, where they 

are plane or slightly elevated, and moderately pubescent chiefly on the costa and lateral veins; 

petioles (unwinged portion) about 2 cm long, glabrous to sparingly puberulent; spikes terminal, 

solitary or several, 10-15 cm long, 2 cm broad 

(excluding corollas ), the rachis angular, densely 

glandular-pubescent; bracts closely imbricate or 

spreading with age, sometimes drying purplish red, 

ovate, 17 mm long, 8-9 mm wide, acuminate to 

acute, obscurely nerved, more or less glandularpuberulent both within and without, the margins 

entire, densely glandular pilose, especially the tip; 

bractlets linear-lanceolate, 10-13 mm long, 1-2 mm 

wide, aristate, carinate, striate-nerved, glandularpubescent without, glabrous within; calyx segments 

subequal, linear-lanceolate, aristate, prominently 

striate-nerved, glandular-puberulent, the posterior 

segment 12 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, the anterior 

and lateral pairs 13-15 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide; 

corolla orange to red, puberulent, 3.54 cm long, 

the tube 2.8-3 cm long, 4 mm in diameter at base, 

enlarged to 7 mm at mouth, the upper lip erect, 

obovate, about 7 mm long and 6 mm wide, minutely 2-lobed or obcordate, the lower lip 3-lobed, the 

lobes all rounded, the middle lobe obovate, 10 mm 

long and 8 mm broad, the lateral lobes elliptic, 

8 mm long and 5 mm broad; stamens exserted 

about 5 mm beyond mouth of the corolla tube; the 

filaments 25 mm long, glandular-pilose; the anthers 

truncate both apically and basally, 3-3.5 mm long, 

glabrous, united apically by long weak hairs; pollen grains typical, 45p-55p long, 30p-38p in diam- 
120 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

eter; staminode filiform, 2 mm long, pilose; style 

about 30 mm long, pilose; the stigma bifid, 1 mm 

long; capsule 1.5 mm long, 6 mm in diameter, 

shortly stipitate, puberulent. 

TYPE.-E. Langlasse 806 (holotype B, destroyed, 

isotypes K, US), Mexico, Guerrero, Sierra Madre, 

1600 m alt, 27 Jan 1899. 

DISTRIBUTION.-Mexico, found usually in canyons 

along streams just above coastal areas in the states 

of Sinaloa, Jalisco, and Michoacan. MEXICO. SINALOA: Balboa, Jan 1923, Ortega 5023 (US). JALISco: S of Puerto Vallarta, 26 Nov 1926, Mexia 1134 

(US); Santa Cruz de Vallarta, 700 m alt, 9 Dec 

1926, Mexia 1259 (US). MICHOACAN: Coalcoman, 

Aquila, 300 m alt, 27 Oct 1941, Hinton 16042 (US); 

3 Nov 1941, Hinton 16062 (K, NY, P, UC, US); 

Tizupan, 10 m alt, 9 Apr 1941, Hinton 15912 (US); 

S. Naranjillo, 25 Nov 1938, Hinto 12675 (K, US). 

146. Aphelandra lineariloba Leonard 

FIGURE 25 

Aphelandra lineariloba Leonard, Kew Bull. 1938:63. 1938. 

Shrub to 3 m high; the stems terete, glabrous or 

the tips strigillose; leaf blades oblong-ovate, to 12 

cm long and 5 cm wide, acuminate, narrowed at 

base and decurrent on the petiole, entire, firm, 

both surfaces sparingly hirtellous to glabrate, the 

hairs of the lower surface confined chiefly to the 

costa and lateral nerves (8-10 pairs); petioles 

slender, to 2.5 cm long, glabrous to strigillose; flowers in terminal or subterminal spikes 10-30 cm long 

and 2 cm in diameter, the racliis finely glandularpubescent; bracts obovate, 15-17 mm long, 8-10 

mm wide, obtuse to acute, ending in a mucro 

0.5 mni long, often purplish, imbricate, entire, 

obscurely 3-nerved, both surfaces glandularpubescent; bractlets lanceolate, 12-13 mm long, 

2-3 mm wide near base, veiny, carinate, both surfaces glandular-pubescent, the costa prominent; 

calyx segments subequal, striate-nerved, glandularpubescent without, glabrous within, the posterior 

segment lanceolate, 14 mm long and 4 mm wide, 

the anterior pair narrowly lanceolate, 13-15 mm 

long and 2.5 mm wide, long acuminate, the lateral 

pair narrowly lanceolate, 13 mm long and 2.5 mm 

wide, long acuminate; corollas 3-4 cm long, purple, 

glandular-puberulous, the tube gradually enlarged 

from 4.5 mm at base to 6 mm at mouth, the lips 

1 cm long, the upper lip erect, ovate, 12 mm long, 

9 mm wide at base, 2-lobed, the lobes 0.5 mm long, 

1 mm wide at base, acute, the lower lip %lobed, 

the middle lobe linear-lanceolate, 10 mm long, 2 

mm wide, the lateral lobes subulate, 8 mrn long, 

1.5 mm wide; stamens reaching the throat of the 

corolla, the shorter filament of each pair glabrous 

or bearing a few hairs near the base, the longer 

bearing a line of spreading hairs to 0.5 mrn long; 

anthers 2.5 mm long, glabrous; ovary 3.5 mm long, 

glabrous; capsule ovoid, about 17 mm long, 7 mm 

wide, obtuse, densely brownish-puberulous, 4- 

seeded; retinacula 2 mm long, cucullate; seeds flat, 

suborbicular, 3.5 mm in diameter, densely hirtellous. 

TYPE.-G. B. Hinton 7412 (holotype K, isotype 

US), Mexico, Mexico, Temascaltepec, Villaneda, 

22 Feb 1935. 

DIsTRIBuTIoN.-SoutheaStern Mexico in the states 

of Mexico, Michoacan, and Guerrero. MEXICO. 

M~XICO: Temascaltepec, Acatitlan, 16 Dec 1933, 

Hinton 3156 (K, US). MICHOACAN: Coalcoman, 

Coalcoman, 1000 m alt, 8 Jan 1939, Hinton 12881 

(US); 16 Mar 1939, Hinton 13623 (US); Huizontla, 

600 m alt, 15 Mar 1941, Hinton 15794 (F, K, P, 

UC, US, W). GUERRERO: Achotla, 900 m alt, 1 

Jan 1927, Reko 5047 (US); Vallecitos, Montes de 

Oca, 9 Dec 1937, Hinton 11648 (K, US); Sierra 

Madre del Sur, N of Rio Balsas, Adama, Temisco, 

600 m alt, 6 Dec 1937, Mexk 8952 (US). 

147. Aphelandra iacobinioides Lindau 

FIGURE 15 

Aphelandra jacobinioides Lindau, Fedde Repert. Xov. Sp. 

1:156. 1905. 

Shrub to 4 m high; branches puberulent above, 

becoming glabrate below; leaf blades oblongelliptic, 16-20 cm long, 6-8 cm wide, acuminate, 

gradually narrowed at base, glabrous, thin, entire; 

petioles 1-3 cm long, pubescent; spikes axillary and 

terminal, short, few-flowered, congested at the tips 

of the branches, the peduncles 1-2 cm long, pubescent; bracts broadly ovate, 10 mm long and 9 mm 

wide, glabrous, truncate, submucronate, entire; 

bractlets lanceolate, 6 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, 

obtuse, pilose at tip; posterior calyx segment trun- 
NUMBER IS 121 

cate, 5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, anterior pair lanceolate, 5 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, the lateral pair 

5 mm long and 1 mm wide, all pilose at apex; 

corolla orange to yellow, 4.8 cm long, glabrous, 

except pilose within at base, the tube suberect, 4.2 

cm long, 2.5 mm wide at base, 16 mm wide at 

mouth, the upper lip 6 mm long, the 2 lobes 3 mm 

long and 4 mm wide, rounded, the lower lip 3- 

lobed, the middle lobe 5 mm in diameter, the 

lateral lobes 5 mm long and 4 mm wide; filaments 

40 mm long, pilose at base; anthers 5 mm long, 

dorsally pilose; pollen grains typical, 77p-88p long, 

271-1-35p diameter; ovary 2 mm high; style 5.5 cm 

long, exserted; capsule clavate, 1.5 cm long, 0.5 cm 

wide, blunt at tip, nitid, glabrous; seeds dark 

brown, flat, suborbicular, 3 mm in diameter, sparingly papillose. 

TYPE.-A. Weberbauer 4663 (holotype B, destroyed, F photo 8666), Peru, San Martin, Moyobamba, 1300-1400 m alt, 28 Aug 1904. 

DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Southern Ecuador and northern 

Peru, between elevations of 150-1750 m. ECUADOR. 

SANTIAGO-ZAMORA: Cordillera Cutucu, ca. 2"40'S, 

78"W, east-tending slope from top of ridge down 

toward the Itzintza, 1400-1750 m alt, 17 Nov-5 Dec 

1944, Camp 1370, 1372 (NY, US). PERU. LORETO: 

Alto Amazonas, Balsapuerto, 220 m alt, Jan 1933, 

Klug 2847 (US, NY); Balsapuerto (lower Rio 

Huallaga basin), 150-350 m alt, 28-30 Aug 1929, 

Killip Q Smith 28617. SAN MARTIN: Moyobamba, 

600 m alt, Aug 1938, Sandeman 162 (K); Zepelacio, 

near Moyobamba, 1100 m alt, May 1934, Klug 

3615 (G, K, NY, US). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: 

Probably Loreto or San Martin, July 1938, Sandeman s.n. (K). 

Aphelandra jacobinioides is well marked by its 

truncate bracts and truncate posterior calyx segments. 

148. Aphelandra phlogea Leonard 

Aphelandra phlogea Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 31: 

189. 1953. 

Shrub to 2 m high; stems subterete, glabrous, or 

sparingly puberulous above; leaf blades oblongelliptic, 10-19 cm long, 3.5-6.5 cm wide, rather 

slenderly acuminate, narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, entire, firm, the upper surface 

glabrate or bearing a few scattered hairs, except on 

the costa and lateral veins (8-10 pairs), these sparingly strigose, the hairs appressed, to 0.5 mm long, 

the lower surface drying a lighter olive than the 

upper, puberulous, the hairs borne on the costa 

and veins barely 0.5 mm long, the others much 

smaller; petioles (unwinged portion) 1-2 cm long, 

including the winged portion to 6 cm long, puberulous; spikes 1 to several, terminal and subterminal, 

including flowers about 12 cm long and 2.5 cm 

broad, bracts ascending to appressed, the rachis 

densely white-pilose, some of the hairs glandtipped, terminal spike subsessile, the peduncles of 

the lateral ones to 2 cm long, densely puberulous; 

bracts lanceolate, 15 mm long and 10 mm wide or 

the lowermost somewhat larger, entire, acute to 

acuminate, densely white glandular-pilose, the hairs 

0.5-2 mm long; bractlets lanceolate, 18 mm long, 

3.5 mm wide, acuminate, glandular-pilose; calyx 

about 17 mm long, indurated at base, the posterior 

segment 4 mm wide, the anterior pair 2 mm wide, 

the lateral pair barely 3 mm wide, all striate-nerved, 

glandular-puberulous; corolla 5 cm long, orangered, moderately pubescent, the tube 3 cm long, 

slightly curved, 4 mm broad near the base, slightly 

restricted at tip of ovary, thence gradually enlarged 

to 6 mm at mouth, the upper lip erect, elliptic, 17 

mm long, 10 mm wide, emarginate, the notch about 

1 mm deep, the lower lip spreading, the middle 

lobe oval, about 2 cm long and 13 mm wide, the 

lateral ones oblong, 1 cm long and 4 mm wide, all 

rounded; stamens slightly exserted beyond the upper lip; anthers 5.5 mm long, slightly webby-pilose 

and adhering at their tips; filaments pubescent or 

the two longer ones glabrous above: ovary glabrous; 

capsules not seen. 

TYPE.-Haught 3944 (holotype US), Colombia, 

Magdalena, in forest near stream above Manaure, 

800 m alt, 16 Jan 1944. 

DIsTRIBUTIoN.-Known only from around the 

type-locality. COLOMBIA. MAGDALENA: Sierra de 

Perija, eastern of Manaure, Hacienda Nuevo Horizonte, El Podrido, forest, 1550-1600 m alt, 15-16 

Nov 1959, Cuatrecasas Q Castanedn 25402 (COL, 

US). 

149. Aphelandra guayasii Wasshausen 

Aphelandra guayasii Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:495. 1973. 

Suffrutescent shrub, to 7.5 m high; stems sub- 
122 SMITHSOA’IAA’ CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

quadrangular, puberulous; leaf blades oblongovate, 18-21 cm long, 6.5-7 cm wide, acuminate (the 

tip rounded), narrowed and conspicuously longattenuate at base, firm, entire, the upper surface 

dark-olivaceous, glabrous or sparingly and inconspicuously puberulous, the lower surface paleolivaceous, sparingly puberulous, especially the 

costa and lateral veins, these rather inconspicuous, 

more prominent though beneath than above; petioles (unwinged portion) 1.5-2.5 cm long, hirtellous; flowers borne in one to three, terminal, 

peduncled spikes, these 7-9 cm long and 2 cm 

wide (excluding corollas), subtended by several, 

small, lanceolate leaves near the base, these 10 mm 

long, 2 mm wide, the bracts densely imbricate, 

viscid, the peduncle 1-1.5 cm long, hirtellous and 

glandular-punctate, the rachis glandular-pilose; 

bracts ovate, 14-17 mm long and 8 mm wide, acuminate, cuneate, colored, densely white-glandularpilose, 3-nerved, the margins entire, ciliate; bractlets lanceolate, subcarinate, 9 mm long, 1.5 mm 

wide, aristate, striate-nerved, subhyaline, glandularpilose; calyx segments lanceolate, 12 mm long, subequal, acuminate and spine-tipped, striate-nerved, 

glandular-pilose without, glabrous within, the posterior segment 3.5 mm wide, the anterior pair 

2.5 mm wide, the lateral ones 2 mm wide; corolla 

straw-colored, 5.5-6.5 cm long, sparingly pilose to 

glandular-pilose, the tube erect, 3 mm wide at base, 

slightly narrowed at 5 mm above base, thence gradually enlarged to 8 mm at mouth, the upper lip 

ovate, erect, 2.4 cm long, 1.3 cm wide, entire, retuse 

the lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the lobes subequal, 

the middle lobe ovate, 2.4 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, 

acute, the lateral lobes oblong, 7 mm long, 3 mm 

wide, obtuse or rounded; stamens exserted 2.2 cm 

beyond the mouth of the corolla tube; anthers 5-6 

mm long, arachnoid at tip, mucronulate at base; 

ovary 4 mm long, 2 mm wide, glabrous; capsule 

not seen. 

TYPE.-O. Haught 3085 (holotype US), Ecuador, 

Guayas, 18 km W of Pedro Carbo, 5 Aug 1940. 

DISTRIBUTION.-In the vicinity of Guayaquil, Ecuador. ECUADOR. GUAYAS: 10 km NW of Guayaquil 

on road to Salinas, 13 Sep 1961, Dodson Q Thien 

513, 515 (MO, US); 12 km from Guayaquil, 22 

Aug 1961, Gilmartin 503 (US); Julio Moreno, 

Cerro de Isera, 250 m alt, 23 Ju1 1962, Jdtiva Q 

Epling 149 (US) ; Cerro Azul, vicinity of Guayaquil, 14 Jun 1955, Asplund 16641 (S, US); 10 Sep 

1955, Asplund 17600 (S, US); 50 m alt, 22 Oct 

1958, Hurling 3029 (S, US). 

This species is very similar in general aspects to 

Aphelandra madrensis Lindau, both its longer, 

glandular-pilose corolla and the entire, longer and 

broader upper and lower corolla lips set it well 

apart. With no collections available to connect the 

widely separate ranges of the two taxa, it seems 

advisable to regard them as distinct species. 

150. Aphelandrn lawranceae Leonard 

Aphelandra lawranceae Leonard, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 25: 

437. 1935; Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 313195. 1953. 

Suffrutescent, to 1.2 m high; stem terete, glabrous, 

more or less verrucose, the internodes 1.5-4 cm 

long; leaf blades narrowly oblong-elliptic, 10-1 2 

cm long and 2.5 cm wide, acuminate (the tip 

blunt), gradually narrowed from about the middle 

to base and decurrent on the petiole, entire or 

undulate, both surfaces glabrous, the lower surface 

often dark mauve; petioles to 1 cm long; spike 

terminal (sometimes subtended by a whorl of 4 

or 5 pairs of leaves), sessile, to 7 cm long and 2 

cm broad, the rachis puberulous; bracts rather 

closely imbricate, erect-spreading, oblong-lanceolate, 

20-22 mm long and 8 mm wide (narrowed to 4 

mm at base), abruptly acuminate to acute, entire, 

puberulous, ciliate; bractlets narrowly lanceolate, 

to 9 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, I-nerved, striate, 

puberulous, some of the hairs glandular; calyx 

segments subequal, about 9 mm long, narrowly 

lanceolate, acuminate, the posterior one 3 mm wide, 

minutely bidentate at apex, the anterior pair 1.7 

mm wide, the lateral pair 1.5 mm wide, all striate 

and puberulous toward tip (glandular and 

eglandular hairs mixed); corolla 5-5.5 cm long, 

brilliant red, pubescent, the tube gradually enlarged from 3 mm at base to 5 mm at throat, the 

upper lip entire, oblong, about 15 mm long and 

6 mm wide, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes subequal or the lateral ones slightly shorter, to 2 cm 

long, the middle lobe obovate, to 8 mm wide, the 

lateral lobes oblong, to 6 mm wide; filaments about 

3.5 cm long, glabrous to puberulent toward base; 

staminode lobulate, about 1 mm long; style puberulous; ovary glabrous below, pilosulous above. 

TYPE.-A. E. Lawrance 244 (holotype US), COlombia, Boyacd, in forest region at Agua Perro on 

Mount Chapcin, 1650 m alt, 17 Jun 1932. 
NUMBER 18 123 

DIsTRIsuTroN.-Known only from around the 

type-locality. COLOMBIA. BOYACA: Mount Chapon, 

1080 m alt, 20 Jun 1932, Lawrance 24? (K), 252 

(US). CUNDINAMARCA: Bogota, Oct 1874, Saunders 

s.n. (K). 

151. Aphelandra arisema Leonard 

Afhelandra arisema Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 31: 

200. 1953. 

Herb or low shrub; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, 

22-30 cm long and 6.5 cm wide, acuminate, narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, submembranaceous, entire or undulate, glabrous or 

the lower surface sparingly puberulous; petioles 

about 2 cm long, glabrous; spike terminal, solitary, 

subsessile, to 26 cm long, 1.5-2.5 cm broad, the 

rachis angled, puberulous; bracts ascending or 

nearly erect, entire, closely imbricate, oblongelliptic, 25 mm long, 8 mm wide at middle, acute, 

narrowed at base, puberulous, ciliate, the marginal 

cilia about 0.25 mm long, the nerves rather prominent, the veinlets coarsely reticulate; bractlets 

subulate, 5 mm long, 0.75 mm wide near base, 

slenderly acuminate, striate-nerved, puberulous; 

calyx 1-1.5 cm long, the segments lanceolate, acuminate, subchartaceous, striate-nerved, puberulous, 

the posterior segment 2.5 mm wide near base, the 

anterior segments 2 mm wide and the lateral segments 1.5 mm wide near the base; corolla not seen; 

capsule cylindrically clavate, about 1.5 cm long, 5 

mm broad, 2 mm thick, obtuse and apiculate, 

puberulous; seeds brown, flat, suborbicular, 2.5 

mm in diameter, glabrous. 

TYPE.--J. Triana sen. (holotype K, US photo 

3623, isotypes COL, P), Colombia, Nariiio, Barbacoas, 170 m alt, Mar 1853. 

DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Known only from around the 

type-locality. COLOMBIA. Gorgona Island, sea level, 

20 Oct 1924, Collenette 630 (K). 

blunt), narrowed at base and decurrent on the 

petiole, glabrous or the costa and lateral veins 

(16-18 pairs) minutely and inconspicuously puberulous beneath, the margins entire, the lower surface 

drying a much lighter green than the upper; 

petioles slender, 2-3 cm long, minutely puberulous; 

spikes stout, one or several, terminal, subsessile, 

22-27 cm long and 2-3 cm broad (without corollas), the peduncle 0.5 cm long, the rachis glandularpilosulous; bracts lance-ovate, pale orange, 27-28 

mm long and 10-12 mm wide, acute, densely puberulous, prominently 3-nerved, the margins entire, 

ciliolate; bractlets lanceolate, 13 mm long, 1.5 mm 

wide, long-acuminate, densely glandular-pilosulous, 

striate-nerved, subhyaline; calyx segments lanceolate, subequal, 15 mm long, the posterior segment 

3.5 mm wide near the middle, the anterior and 

lateral pairs 2.5 mm wide, all acute, striate-nerved, 

densely glandular-pilosulous; corolla canary yellow, 

3.5-4.5 cm long, densely pubescent, the tube erect, 

about 3 cm long, 3 mm broad at base, thence gradually enlarged to 4 mm at mouth, the upper lip 

erect, obovate, 1.5 cm long, 9 mm wide, the tip 

retuse, the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe 

obovate, 15 mm long, 11 mm wide, obtuse, the 

lateral lobes elliptic, 12 mm long, 6 mm wide, 

retuse at apex; stamens almost reaching the tip of 

the upper corolla lip; anthers 6 mm long, apiculate 

at apex; capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-TV. H. Camp E-830 (holotype US, isotype NY), Ecuador, Zamora-Chinchepe, Valley of 

the Rios Negro and Chupianza (on trail from 

Sevilla de Oro to Mendez), 870-900 m alt, 1 Nov 

1944. 

DIsTRIBUTION.-KnOwn only from the typelocality. 

Aphelandra galba is not nearly allied to the 

other species. Readily distinguished from the other 

known Aphelandra by the combination of its long, 

stout spikes, large, pale orange bracts, and canary 

yellow corollas. 

252. Aphelandra galba Wasshausen 153. Aphelandra diflusa Wasshausen 

Aphelandra galba Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:479. 1973. Aphelandra difftcsa m'asshausen, Phytologia 25:477. 1973. 

Shrubs to 1.5 m high; stems terete, glabrous or Spreading plant 1.5 m high; stems terete, glaminutely and inconspicuously puberulous; leaf brous to sparingly and inconspicuously puberulous; 

blades oblong to elliptic, 18-23 cm long and 5.5-6 leaf blades ovate, 13-15 cm long, 4.5-5 cm wide, 

cm wide, short-acuminate at apex (the tip itself submembranaceous, entire or shallowly undulate, 
124 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

acuminate (the tip obtuse), gradually narrowed 

and attenuate at base, the upper surface olivaceous, 

glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the lower surface 

light-olivaceous, moderately hirtellous, the costa 

and lateral yeins (1 1-12 pairs) inconspicuous 

above, rather prominent below, hirtellous; petioles 

(unwinged portion) 1.5 cm long, sparingly puberulous; flowers borne in one or several, terminal, 

peduncled spikes, these 7-8 cm long and 2.5 cm 

wide (without corollas), the bracts densely imbricate, viscid, the peduncle 3.5 cm long, sparingly 

puberulous, the rachis densely glandular-pilose; 

bracts reddish, ovate, 25-26 mm long, 9-10 mm 

wide, acute, cuneate, densely glandular-pilose, 

prominently 2-nerved at base, becoming reticulate 

above, the margins entire, ciliate; bractlets linear, 

subcarinate, 14 mm long and 1 mm wide, gradually 

narrowed to an aristate tip, subhyaline, striatenerved, glandular-pilose; calyx segments lanceolate, 

17 mm long, subequal, acuminate, striate-nerved, 

the nerves callose below, subhyaline, sparingly 

glandular-pilose, the posterior segment 3 mm wide, 

the anterior pair 2 mm wide, the lateral pair 1.5 

mm wide; corolla orange-yellow (turning deep 

purplish red with age), 4 cm long, glandular-pilose, 

the tube erect, 3 mm wide at base, gradually enlarged to 6 mm wide at mouth, the upper lip erect, 

concave, triangular-ovate, 12 mm long, 8 mm wide, 

entire, acute, the lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the 

lobes subequal, the middle lobe obovate, 13 mm 

long, 8.5 mm wide, acute to obtuse, the lateral 

lobes ovate, 3.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, obtuse; stamens exserted 1 cm beyond the mouth of the corolla tube; anthers 4 mm long, arachnoid at tip, 

mucronate at base; style and stigma 3.6 cm long, 

puberulous at base, glabrous above; ovary 3.5 mm 

long, 1 mm wide, glabrous; capsule yellow, puberulous, elliptic, 15 mm long, 5 mm broad, acute; 

seeds (immature), muricate, 2.5 mm in diameter. 

TYPE.-Jorgensen 6 Prieto JP-52 (holotype Us, 

isotype NY), Ecuador, Loja, 46 km S of Loja, hacienda Anganuma, at headwaters of Rio Cachiyacu, 

on the W slopes of Cordillera Condor, 1800 m alt, 

DrsTRIBuTIoN.-Andean Ecuador and Peru, at 

elevations between 1800 and 2250 meters. ECUADOR. BOLIVAR: Andrt 796 (Poortman) (K). PERU. 

PIURA: Cerro Porculla, 3-11 km W of Continental 

Divide down W slope of Cerro, 12 Jun 1966, Edwin 

Q Schunke 3768 (F, US). CAJAMARCA: Llama (Cu13-16 JuI 1944. 

tervo), 2250 m alt, Ju1 1943, Sandeman 4082 (K). 

ApheZandra diflusa superficially resembles A. 

guayasii. In A. guayasii though, the leaf blades are 

longer and broader, the bracts acuminate, shorter 

and narrower, and the corolla, as well as the limb, 

considerably longer and broader. 

154. Aphelandra cuatrecasasii Leonard 

APhelandra cuatrecasasii Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 

Afihelandra killifiii Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:202. 

Aphelandra craura Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:207. 

31204. 1953. 

1953. 

1953. 

Plants suffrutescent, erect, brittle, to 3 m high; 

stems thick, glabrous below, densely retrorsely strigose above, the hairs brownish; leaf blades oblongelliptic to obovate, to 28 cm long and 14.5 cm wide, 

acuminate, the tip blunt, narrowed from middle or 

slightly above the middle to the base and decurrent 

on the petiole, subcoriaceous, entire or undulate, 

the upper surface pale green, glabrous to sparingly 

strigose, the lower surface pale ashy and more 

densely strigose, the costa and lateral veins (10-14 

pairs) rather prominent, more so beneath than 

above; petioles (unwinged portion) to 1 cm long, 

retrosely strigose similar to the stem; spike solitary, 

terminal, sessile, slenderly conic to ovoid, 10-12 

cm long, 2 cm broad, the bracts rather loosely appressed, spreading with age, subtended by several 

small lanceolate, bractlike leaves, the rachis glabrous to strigose; bracts pale yellowish green, entire, coriaceous, oblong-elliptic, 30 mm long, 10-14.5 

mm wide, slightly obtuse, mucronulate, apparently 

closely striate-nerved (the meshes of the reticulations compressed), opaque, bordered by a narrow 

subhyaline margin about 0.5 mm wide, the lower 

half of the bract strigose, the upper half glabrous; 

bractlets narrowly lanceolate, to 6 mm long, about 

1 mm wide at base, thin, 3-nerved, subhyaline, sparingly strigose dorsally; calyx segments minute, 

ovate to triangular, 0.5-0.75 mm long and broad, 

acuminate, thin, subhyaline; corolla reddish to 

cream-white (Lehmann’s specimen at Kew ), about 

3 cm long, densely hirsute, the hairs more or less 

appressed, 0.75 mm long, brownish, the tube slender, 3.5 mm broad at base, 4-5 mm broad at mouth, 

the lips about equal, the upper lip oblong to ovate, 

7 mm long and about 4 mm wide, bilobed at apex, 
NUMBER 18 125 

the lobes rounded, 1.5-2 mm long and 1.5 mm wide 

at base, the middle lobe of the lower lip (spreading) oval, 9-10 mm long and 5.5-6 mm wide, 

rounded, the lateral lobes lanceolate to oblong, 

8-10 mm long and 2.5-3 mm wide at middle, obtuse; stamens reaching the mouth of the corolla 

and probably slightly exserted; anthers barely 3 

mm long, adhering by the webby, dorsally borne 

hairs; ovary glabrous; capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-J. Cuatrecasas 16705 (holotype US), Colombia, Valle, La Trojita, along the Rio Calima, 

5-50 m alt, 19 Feb-10 Mar 1944. 

D1sTRIsuTIoN.-Endemic to Colombia, found in 

dense forests at low elevations in the departments 

of Choco and Valle. COLOMBIA. CHOCO: La Concepcion, 15 km E of Quibdo, 75 m alt, 20 Apr-23 

May 1931, Archer 2003 (US); Andagoya, 70-100 m 

alt, 20-30 Apr 1939, Killip 35374 (US, holotype of 

A. killipii Leonard). VALLE: 10-15 km E of Buenaventura, dense forest along highway, near sea level, 

12 Apr 1939, Killip 34938 (US); along highway 

near Buenaventura, 100 m alt, 8 Dec 1946, Haught 

5337 (US, holotype of A. craura Leonard); along 

Quebrada La Brea, near Cordoba, 7 Nov 1944, Core 

1558 (US); Cordoba, 50-100 m alt, 17 Feb 1939, 

KilZip (1. Garcia 33444 (US); Cordoba, Dagua Valley, forest along Rio Calima, 80-100 m alt, 9 Oct 

1922, Killip 11788 (US); Rio Digua Valley, between 

La Elsa and Rio Blanco, 825 m alt, 2-5 Apr 1939, 

Killip 34738 (US); near Buenaventura, Lehmann 

s.n. (K). 

155. Aphelandra prismatica (Vellozo) Hiern 

Aphelandra prismatica (Vellozo) Hiern, Nat. For. Kjoeb. 

Vidensk. Meddel. 78. 1877.-Bentham & Hooker, Genera 

Plantarum 2, pt. 2:1103. 187G.-Lindau in Engler and 

Prantl, Naturl. Pflanzenfam. 4, Abt. 3b:322. 1895.-L. B. 

Smith, Phytologia 1:82. 1934. 

Ruellia quadrangularis Vellozo, F1. Flum. 267, n. 7. 1825; 

Icones, 6, pl. 97. 1831. 

Ruellia prismatica Vellozo, F1. Flum. 267, n. 8. 1825; Icones, 

6, pl. 98. 1831. 

Strobilorkackis glabra Klotzsch in Otto & Dietrich, Allgem. 

Gartenz. 7:308. 1839: in Link, Klotzsch & Otto, Ic. P1. Rar., 

117, pl. 48. 1841. 

Hydromestus maculatus Scheidweiler in Otto & Dietrich, 

Allgem. Gartenz. 1842:285. 1842.-Hooker, Bot. Mag. 77, 

pl. 4556. 1851. 

Strobilorkackis prismatica (Vellozo) Nees in Martius, F1. 

Bras. 9:84. 1847; in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:294. 1847. 

Lagochilium hydromestus Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:291. 

Apkelandra hydromestus (sees) Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Amer. 

Apkelandra prismatica var. stenopkylla Rizzini, Arquiv. Jard. 

Apkelandra lurida Rizzini, Dusenia 3: 181. 1952. 

1847. 

Bot. 2:512. 1882. 

Bot. Rio de Janeiro 8:323. 1948. 

Small, suffrutescent shrub about 1 m high; stems 

purplish, terete, branching, somewhat flattened at 

summit, canaliculate, glabrate, the internodes 2-6 

cm long; leaves glabrous, the blades oblong to 

ovate-lanceolate, 15-20 cm long, 4.5-9 cm wide, the 

tip blunt, cuneately narrowed and decurrent on the 

petiole at base, entire or undulate, slightly sinuate, 

finely membranaceous, the upper surface yellowish 

green, the lower surface paler green, the costa and 

veins (7-10 pairs) rather prominent, arcuate; petioles (unwinged portion) 2-4 cm long, very similar 

to the stem; flowers borne in solitary, axillary and 

terminal spikes, these 7-15 cm long, 1.5-3 cm broad 

(without corollas), the bracts closely imbricate, 

spreading with age, the peduncle 0.2-0.5 cm long, 

glabrous; bracts oblong-elliptic, 20-30 mm long, 

11-13 mm wide, acute to acuminate, mucronulate, 

carinate, bright green, entire, glabrous, striatenerved, bordered by a narrow subhyaline margin 

about 0.5 mm wide; bractlets lance-ovate, 3.5 mm 

long, 1.5 mm wide, acute, carinate, subhyaline, 

striate-nerved, glabrous to glabrate; calyx 5 mm 

long, the segments lanceolate (the posterior segment lance-ovate, acute to obtuse), subhyaline, 

striate-nerved, glabrous or the tip of the margin 

puberulous, the posterior segment 2.25 mm wide 

just below the middle, the anterior pair 1.75 mm 

wide, the lateral pair 1.25 mm wide; corolla 

showy, yellow, 3-4 cm long, well exserted beyond 

the subtending bracts, glabrous, the tube narrow, 

2.5 cm long, 2 mm wide at base, thence gradually 

enlarged and infundibular, 8 mm wide at mouth, 

the lobes obtuse, the upper lip spreading, obovate, 

10 mm long and 15 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 5 mm 

long and 7 mm wide, the lower lip 3-lobed, subequal, the middle lobe elliptic, 10 mm long, 6.5 

mm wide, the lateral lobes elliptic-oblong, 12 mm 

long, 7.5 mm wide; stamens included; anthers 4 

mm long, villous, apiculate, rounded at base; filaments epipetalous in throat of corolla tube, villous; 

style included; capsule about 12 mm long and 4.5 

mm wide, smooth, pointed at tip, the valves recurved upon maturity; seeds flat, subquadrate, 
126 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

4.5 mm long and 4 mm wide, brown, sparingly 

puberulent. 

TYPE.-Vellozo s.n., lodt, if any specimens were 

ever made. Typification is on the basis of the description and plate, especially the latter. The only 

locality data is undei the synonym Ruellia quadrangularis: “. . . habitat silvis maritimis Pharmacopolitanis. Offendi ad ripas fluvii Paraty-merim vulgo 

dicti.” 

DIsTRIBuTI0N.-Southeastern Brazil, in woods in 

the states of Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara, and Sao Paulo. BRAZIL. ESPIRITO SANTO: Cachoeira da Itapemirim, 700 m alt, 3 Jun 1949, 

Brade 19971 (RB, holotype of Aphelandra lurida 

Rizzini). RIO DE JANEIRO: Near Therezopolis, 8 

Feb 1826, Burchell2001 (K); 21 Feb 1826, Burchell 

2482 (K); Mandiocca, Langsdorff s.n. (LE); Serra 

d’Estrella, 1833, Luschnath s.n. (BR); near St. 

Anna, Dec 1823, Beyrich s.n. (B, destroyed, holotype of Strobilorhachis glabra Klotsch); Petropolis, 

1879, Wawra 21 (W); Serra de Petropolis, Feb 

1966, Duarte 9671 (RB, US); woods old road to 

Petropolis, 29 Jan 1968, Smith clr MeWilliams 

15345a (US); 1830, Riedel 0.36 (LE). GUANABARA: 

Rio de Janeiro, 1816-1821, St. Hilaire 207 (P); 

725 (P); 1817-1818, Mikan s.n. (W); 1817-1820, 

Martius sen. (M), (F photo 20497); 1821, Langsdorfl 

s.n. (P); Feb 1824, Guadichaud s.n. (K); 1831- 

1833, Gaudichaud 116 (P); 494 (P); 1839, Wilkes 

Expedition s.n. (US); 1840, Regnell s.n. (S); 1843, 

Widgren 199 (S); 1843, Weddell 181 (P); 1844, 

Widgren 23 (BR, S); Corcovado, 28 Jan 1868, 

Glaziou 2653 (BR, K); eastern end of Serra da 

Carioca, 200-500 m alt, 26 Mar 1929, L. B. Smith 

2165 (GH); Corcovado, Feb 1818, Pokl 5010 (W); 

1838, Raven 216 (BR); 1859-1860, Wawra (?I Maly 

506 (W); 9 Jun 1862, Nadeaud s.n. (P); 1813-29, 

Langsdorff s.n. (LE); Apr 1832, Riedel Cir Luscknath s.n. (LE); Paineiras, 27 Feb 1881, Saldanha 

502 (P). SAO PAULO: Serra do Mar, near S. Cruz, 

1818, Martizts s.n. (M); Alto da Serra, 2 Feb 1913, 

Brade 6050 (S); 1000 m alt, 14 Jun 1922, Holway 

1970 (US); Estacaio Biologica, 800-900 m alt, 17 

Feb 1929, L. B. Smith 1934 (US); Santos, 10.12. 

1874, Mosen 2910 (S); Rio das Pedras, Burchell 

3615 (K). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY. 1815, Freyreiss s.n. (S); 1817-1818, Raddi s.n. (FI); 1842, 

Claussen 1962 (P); 1869, Glaziou s.n. (P); Staunton 

s.n. (W); Lalande s.n. (P); Sellow s.n. (K); Riedel 

(?I Langsdorff 106 (LE). 

Aphelandra prismatica has also been reported 

from Mexico, but to date no specimens have been 

seen from Mexico or Central America. It was introduced into the botanical gardens of Europe in 1842 

and I assume that erroneous data placed its center 

of origin in Mexico rather than Rio de Janeiro, 

Brazil. 

Aphelandra kydromestus (Nees) Hemsley is based 

on. Hydromestus maculatus Scheidweiler, the latter 

of which is represented by a specimen deposited in 

the Kew Herbarium. This specimen is A. prisrnatica (Vellozo), Hiern. Nees (1847) called this 

species Lagochilium hydromestus, since the specific 

epithet maculatum was already occupied by another species. 

Rizzini did not designate a type for his A. prismatica var. stenophylla, though he cited a number 

of specimens deposited in the Jardin Bothico (RB) 

namely nos. 58.964, 54.790, 34.447, and 55.576. 

These specimens were seen in that herbarium and 

I conclude that they represent typical A. prismatica 

(Vellozo) Hiern. 

156. Aphelandra pnulensis Wasshausen 

Aphelandra patilensis Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:482. 1973. 

Suffrutescent shrub; stems erect, subquadrangular, moderately pilose, the hairs sordid; leaf blades 

oblong to ovate, 13.5-18 cm long and 5.5-7 cm 

wide, short-acuminate (the tip obtuse), narrowed 

at base and decurrent on the petiole, submembranaceous, entire or shallowly undulate, the upper surface drying olivaceous, glabrous or sparingly strigose, the costa and lateral veins (11-14 pairs) 

slightly raised, scarcely conspicuous, the lower surface drying to pale olivaceous, glabrous or the costa 

and lateral veins sparingly strigose; petioles 2.5-3 

cm long, glabrous to moderately pilose; flowers 

borne on one or several, terminal, sessile spikes, 

these 7.5-8 cm long and 2-2.5 cm wide (without 

corollas), the rachis puberulous; bracts imbricate, 

entire, red, coriaceous, oblong to elliptic, 30 mm 

long and 10-12 mm wide, cuspidate, the tip a 

spine about 1 mm long, glabrous and mintuely 

glandular-punctate, ecarinate, reticulate-nerved; 

bractlets lanceolate, falcate, carinate, 10 mm long, 

1.5 mm wide, slightly acute, the tip ending in a 

mucro, glabrous, striate-nerved, the marginal area 

bordered by a narrow subhyaline edging, the tip 
NUMBER 18 127 

more or less ciliolate; calyx segments lanceolate, 

17-18 mm long, subequal, the posterior segment 5 

mm wide, the anterior pair 2.5 mm wide, the lateral segments 1.5 mm wide, all glabrous and striatenerved, short-acuminate and minutely mucronate 

at tip; corolla yellow, the tube glabrous, the lips 

glandular-pilose, 3.5-4.5 cm long, 2 mm wide at 

base, 5.5 mm broad at mouth, the upper lip spreading, obovate, 14 mm long and 8 mm wide, bilobed, 

the lobes oblong, 4 mm long and wide, obtuse at 

tip, the middle lobe of the lower lip spreading, 

oblong, 17 mm long, 5 mm wide, the lateral lobes 

oblong, 15 mm long, 4 mm wide, obtuse; stamens 

exserted 12 mm beyond the mouth of the corolla 

tube; anthers 7 mm long, acute, mucronulate at 

base; capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-Kuhlmann dr Gehrt s.n. (holotype US, 

isotype K), Brazil, SZo Paula, Cunha, 16 Mar 1939. 

DIsTRIBuTIoN-Known only from the typelocality. 

Aphelandra paulensis is distinguished from A. 

hirta, its nearest relative, by its cuspidate bracts, 

the tip a spine about 1 mm long, and the smaller 

corollas. The bracts of A. hirta are obtuse, the tip 

itself revolute and the corollas 4.5-5 cm long. 

157. Aphelandra liboniana Linden ex Hooker 

FIGURE 36 

Aphelandra liboniana Linden ex Hooker, f., Bot. Mag. 90, 

pl. 5463. 1864. 

Aphelandra mirabilis Rizzini, Dusenia 7:299. 1956.-Wasshausen & Smith, F1. Ilustr. Catar. 1, Fasc. ACAN:~~. 1969. 

Large, striking shrub, 0.6-1 m high, shrubby 

below, somewhat herbaceous above; stems terete, 

glabrous; leaf blades elliptic to lance-ovate, 24-30 

cm long, 6-9.5 cm wide, rather abruptly acuminate, 

attenuate at base and decurrent on the petiole, 

glabrous, the margins entire or basally slightly 

sinuate, deep green, marked with a fine white line 

down the center of the costa, lateral veins equally 

impressed on both surfaces, the upper leaves smaller and more abruptly acuminate, rather strongly 

penniveined; petioles almost entirely winged, 3-5 

cm long, canaliculate above, glabrous; flowers borne 

in solitary, terminal, almost sessile spikes, these 

7-16 cm long, 3-4 cm wide, golden, imbricate, 

spreading with age; bracts large, striking, red with 

yellow margins or bright orange, elliptic to ovate, 

30-40 mm long, 12-14.5 mm wide, obtuse to slightly 

acute, narrowed at base, reticulate-nerved, coriaceoiis, glabrous, the margins entire; bractlets carinate, falcate-lanceolate, 4-5 mm long, 1 mm wide 

just below the middle, acute, mucronate, striatenerved, subhyaline, glabrous; calyx 8 mm long, the 

segments subequal, lanceolate, striate-nerved, subhyaline, glabrous, the posterior segment 1.5 mm 

wide, the anterior pair slightly narrower, the lateral pair 1 mm wide; corolla yellow, red towards 

apex, 4.5-5 cm long, glabrous, 2 mm wide at base, 

the tube narrow, 3.5 cm long, 5 mm wide at mouth, 

the lobes obtuse, the upper lip ovate, 1.7 cm long, 

8 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 2 mm long, 3 mm wide, 

the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes subequal, the middle lobe oblong, 17 mm long and 4 mm wide, the 

lateral lobes elliptic, 16 mm long, 3 mm wide; 

stamens slightly exserted beyond the upper lip; 

anthers 7-8 mm long, acute, slightly apiculate at 

base, slightly cobwebby-pilose and adhering at 

apex; filaments smooth, flattened, basally pilose; 

style filiform, somewhat exceeding the stamens; 

capsule clavate, 15 mm long and 4 mm wide, glabrous, minutely spotted; seeds smooth, obliquely 

ovoid, 4 mm long, 3 mm wide, only 1 mm thick, 

dark brown, wrinkled. 

TYPE.-(K). Typification in part, is based on 

the description and plate especially the latter. Introduced from Santa Catarina, Brazil by Mr. 

Linden. 

DIsTRIBUTI0N.-Parana and Santa Catarina, Brazil. BRAZIL. PARANA: Morretes, Groto Funda, 21 

Dec 1959, Hatschbach 6654 (US); Guaraqueqaba, 

Fda. Abobreira, 20 m alt, 15 Oct 1969, Hatschbach 

22455 (US); Serra do Mar, Desvio Ypiranga, 1 Apr 

1906, Dusen 7497 (US); Ypiranga, 700 m alt, 22 

Aug 1914, Dustn 15444 (GH, S); Alto da Serra, 23 

Jan 1953, Stellfeld s.n. (US); Fazenda Marumby, 

23 Jan 1914, Dusen 14386 (S). SANTA CATARINA: 

Blumenau, Garcia, 21 Mar 1952, Reitz 4.644 (HBR, 

RB), (holotype of A. mirabilis Rizzini); Garuva, 

Tres Barras, mata, 100 m alt, 19 Dec 1957, Reitr Q 

Klein 5.764 (HBR); Ibirama, Horto Florestal 

I.N.P., mata, 200 m alt, 20 Nov 1953, Gevieski 

37 (HBR, US); Horto Florestal I.N.P., 350 m 

alt, 2 Nov 1953, Reitz 6. Klein 1.118 (HBR, US); 

Joinvile, mata, 12 Jan 1951, Reitz 3.812 (HBR, 

US); Estrada Dona Francisca, mata, 600 m alt, 

18 Dec 1957, Reitz 6 Klein 5.703 (HBR, US); 

Rio Do Sul, Serra do Matador, mata, 550 m alt, 25 
128 SMITHSOh’IAh’ CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

Nov 1958, Reitz & Klein 7.623 (HBR, US); Itajai, 

Mueller 437 (K). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY. 

Prov. St. Paul and Rio, South Brazil, 1861-2, Weir 

s.n. (K). CULTIVATED MATERIAL. Hortus bot. Monacensis, 23 May 1867, (M); 22 Jun 1868, Kummer 

s.n. (M); Cult. hortus Vindob., 19 Apr 1867 (W). 

LOCAL NAME.-Balsamo-de-duas-cores. 

158. Aphelandra bradeana Rizzini 

Aphelandra bradeana Rizzini, Arquiv. Jard. Bot. Rio de 

Janeiro 8:325. 1948. 

Sub-shrub, to 70 cm high (according to Brade); 

stems pilose above; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, 

16-23 cm long, 4-6 cm wide, acute to shortly acuminate, narrowed at base and long decurrent on 

the petiole, entire, membranaceous, the upper surface dark green, moderately strigose, the lower 

surface paler green, puberulous, and the costa and 

lateral veins (12-14 pairs) also hirsute, the margins ciliolate; petioles (unwinged portion) minute, 

less than 5 mm long, puberulous; flowers borne 

terminal in a solitary, sessile spike, 6-8 cm long; 

bracts oblonglanceolate, 30-35 mm long, 9-10 mm 

wide, entire, yellow except the red tip, acute, 

cuneate at base, puberulous both within and without, membranaceous, net-veined, bordered by a 

narrow subhyaline margin about 0.5 mm wide; 

bractlets lanceolate, 10-11 mm long, 2 mm wide, 

carinate, subhyaline, striate-nerved, glabrous or 

bearing a few hairs near the tip; calyx 2.0-2.3 cm 

long, the segments lanceolate, subhyaline, striatenerved, ending in a stiff bristlelike awn, glabrous, 

the posterior segment 3.5 mm wide just below the 

middle, the anterior pair 2 mm wide, the lateral 

pair 1 mm wide; corolla yellow, 4.5-5.5 cm long, 

well exserted beyond the subtending bracts, puberulent and glandular-pubescent, the tube narrow, 

2.5 cm long, 2.5 mm wide at base, thence gradually 

enlarged to 5.5 mm wide at mouth, the lobes obtuse, the upper lip erect, obovate, 15 mm long and 

7 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 4 mm long and 2.5 mm 

wide, the margins ciliolate, the lower lip 3-lobed, 

subequal, the middle lobe longer and broader than 

the lateral, 15 mm long, 5 mm wide, the lateral 

lobes oblong, 13 mm long, 4 mm wide; stamens 

included in the upper lip; anthers 5-6 mm long, 

acute at apex, apiculate at base, dorsally pilose; 

filaments broad, glabrous; style apically widened, 

exceeding anthers, puberulous near tip; capsule not 

seen. 

TYPE.-Brade 18841 (holotype RB), Brazil, Rio 

de Janeiro, Lote 70, Itatiaia, 12 Feb 1948. 

DIsmIsuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality. 

Rizzini states that Aphelandra bradenna is closely related to A. montana (= A. colorado). He distinguishes A. bradeana, however, by its narrow, 

yellowish bracts, longer, yellowish corolla, stems 

pilose above and apparently membranaceous leaves. 

159. Aphelandra dodsonii Wasshausen 

FIGURE 44 

Aphelandra dodsonii Wasshausen. Phytologia 25:486. 1973. 

Suffrutescent, glabrous shrub to 1 m high; leaf 

blades ovate, 17-19 cm long, 7.5 cm wide, acuminate, ending in a blunt point, truncate at base, 

entire or undulate, green, the costa and lateral veins 

(I 1-12 pairs) rather prominent; petioles 5-5.5 cm 

long, canaliculate, glabrous; flowers borne on solitary, terminal, sessile spikes, 21-22 cm long, 1.5-2 

cm wide (without corollas), the rachis glabrous; 

bracts imbricate, erect, entire, drying reddish, 

ovate, 30 mm long and 11-12 mm wide, acute at 

apex, truncate at base, glabrous, subchartaceous, 

striate-nerved; bractlets linear-filiform, 6 mm long 

and 1 mm wide, falcate, carinate, glabrous, striatenerved; calyx segments triangular-ovate, 8 mm long, 

subequal, the posterior segment 3 mm wide at base, 

2- or 3-toothed at tip, the anterior pair slightly 

over 2 mm wide and the lateral segments 3 mm 

wide, acuminate, the tip itself a spine 1 mm long, 

all glabrous, striate-nerved; corolla bright red, glabrous, 5 cm long from base to tip of upper lip, the 

tube gradually enlarged from 3 mm in diameter at 

base to 6 mm broad at mouth, the upper lip erect, 

ovate, 20 mm long and 11 mm wide, entire, acute, 

the lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, 

subequal, the middle lobe 20 mm long and 9 mm 

wide, acute, the lateral lobes 15 mm long and 7 mm 

wide, acuminate; stamens exserted about 13 mm 

beyond the mouth of the corolla tube; anthers 5 

mm long, 0.75 mm broad, acute at both ends; 

staminode lobulate, 0.25 mm long; capsule not 

seen. 

TYPE.-DO~SO~ k Thien I612 (holotype US), 
NUMBER 18 

Ecuador, Carchi, railroad from Ibana to San LOrenzo, km #78, Rio Blanco, 1400-1500 m alt, 14 

Dec 1961. 

DIsTRIsuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality. 

This species is readily distinguished by the long, 

solitary spike, the entire, reddish bracts, and the 

bright red corolla. It is not very closely allied to 

any of the known species of Aphelandra. 

160. Aphelandra conformis Leonard 

Aphelandra conforinis Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 

194. 1953. 

Herbs to 40 cm high; stems ascending, subquadrangular, glabrous to sparingly hirtellous; leaf 

blades oblong-ovate, to 10 cm long and 4 cm wide, 

acuminate, the tip blunt, narrowed at base and 

briefly decurrent on the petiole, submembranaceous, entire or shallowly crenate, both surfaces 

glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (9 or 10 

pairs) of the lower surface strigose; petioles to 1.5 

cm long, sparingly strigose, the hairs similar to 

those of the costa and veins; spikes terminal, solitary, subsessile, 3-8 cm long, about 2 cm broad 

(without corollas), the rachis angled, sparingly 

puberulous; bracts rhombic-ovate, 20 mm long, 10 

mm wide, subacute, submembranaceous, rather 

prominently nerved, the veinlets coarsely reticulate, 

the outer surface puberulous, the inner glabrous to 

glabrate, the margins entire, eciliate or toward tip 

very ciliolate; bractlets lance-subulate, 7 mm long, 

0.75 mm wide at base, subcarinate, subcoriaceous, 

puberulous toward tip; calyx segments subequal, 

8.5-9 mm long, subcoriaceous, striate (the nerves 

swollen at base), puberulous, the posterior segment 

lanceolate, 2 mm wide, acuminate, sometimes with 

a minute tooth near tip, the anterior segments 

narrowly lanceolate and slenderly acuminate, 1.5 

mm wide near base, the lateral segments linearlanceolate, 0.75 mm wide near the base, slenderly 

acuminate; corolla orange-scarlet, 5 cm long, sparingly and finely pubescent, the tube about 3 mm 

broad at base, the mouth 7 mm broad, the upper 

lip erect, ovate, 13 mm long and 12 mm wide, 

entire, obtuse to rounded, the lower lip 3-parted, 

the lobes obovate, rounded, the middle one 15 mm 

long and 9 mm wide, the lateral ones 13 mm long 

and 7 mm wide; stamens slightly exserted but shorter than the upper lip; ovary sparingly puberulous; 

capsule not seen. 

TYPE.--E~. Andre 1658 (holotype K, US photo 

3619), Colombia, Cundinamarca, in damp primeval woods near Viota, 1800 m alt, 18 Feb 1876. 

DIsTRIBuTI0N.-Known only from around the 

type-locality. COLOMBIA. CUNDINAMARCA: Pandi, 

1700 m alt, Triana s.n. (K); above El Colegio, 

La Mesa, 1800 m alt. 8 Apr 1917, Tracey 152 (K). 

161. Aphelundra dolichnntha Donnell Smith 

Aphelandra dolichantha Donnell Smith, Bot. Gaz. 27:438. 

1899.-Leonard. Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 31:206. 1953. 

Shrubs or suffrutescent herbs to 1.2 m high; 

stems glabrous to pubescent toward tip, the hairs 

brownish; leaf blades elliptic to oblong-elliptic, to 

22 cm long and 12 cm wide, acute to shortacuminate, the tip blunt, narrowed at base and 

decurrent on the petiole, entire, the upper surface 

minutely alveolar, drying dark green, glabrous to 

sparingly strigose, the costa and lateral veins (usually 8-14 pairs) plane or slightly elevated, less 

prominent than on the lower surface, this drying 

light green to olive, subglabrous to strigillose, the 

hairs evenly distributed or confined chiefly to the 

costa and basal portions of the lateral veins; petioles to 3 cm long, the pubescence similar to that 

of the stem; spikes terminal, cylindric, solitary or 

occasionally in 3’s, to 12 cm long and 1.5 cm 

broad, the rachis angular, pilose to glabrate; bracts 

closely imbricate or spreading with age, ovatelanceolate, 25-40 mm long, 10-13 mm wide, acuminate, green, nerved, glabrous to pilose-strigose, 

the margins entire, subhyaline but not well defined, 

ciliolate; bractlets linear-subulate, 10 mm long, 

1 mm wide at base, carinate, striate-nerved, sparingly pilose and puberulous, the smaller hairs 

gland-tipped; calyx minute, the segments subulate 

to lance-subulate, 1.5-2 mm long, less than 0.5 mm 

wide at base, the pubescence similar to that of the 

bracts; corolla white or pale cream, 6.8-7.3 cm 

long, glandular-pubescent except the lobes, these 

glabrous, the tube slender, 5.5-6 cm long but 

barely 2 mm broad, the throat short and slightly 

ampliate, about 4 mm broad, the upper lip oblong, 

13 mm long, 5 mm wide, 2-lobed, the lobes about 

3 mm long and 2.5 mm wide, rounded, the middle 

lobe of the lower lip oblong-elliptic, 18-20 mm long, 
130 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

6-7 mm wide, the lateral lobes linear-oblong, 15-17 

mm long, 4-5 mm wide, all rounded at apex; stamens included; the filaments about 6 cm long, 

affixed at the base of the throat; the anthers 3 mm 

long, apiculate, adhering by a lateral beard; style 

included; capsule narrowly clavate, about 15 mm 

long and 3 mm broad, glabrous, puncticulate; seeds 

flattened, obliquely ovoid, 5.5 mm long and 3.5 mm 

broad, barely 1 mm thick, smooth brown. 

TYPE.--J. D. Smith 6689 (holotype US), Costa 

Rica, Suerre, Llanuras de Santa Clara, 300 m alt, 

Feb 1896. 

DISTRIBUTION.-wet forests of Costa Rica and 

Panama. COSTA RICA. GUANACASTE: Tilaran, 750 

m alt, 17 May 1923, Valerio 50 (US). LIM~N: Vicinity of Guapiles, 300-500 m alt, 12-13 Mar 1924, 

Standley 37170, 37175, 37219, 37264, 37329 (US); 

Livingston on Reventazon, Jul-Aug 1920, Rowlee 6- 

Stork 708 (US). SAN JOSE: La Hondura, 1300-1700 m 

alt, 2-4 Mar 1924, Standley 36470 (US), 16 Mar 

1924, Standley 37798 (US). CARTAGO: Valle Escondido, between Tuis and Siquirres, 800 m alt, 26 

Mar 1966, Hatheway 1071 (us). PANAMA. BoCAS 

DEL TORO: Chiriqui Trail, between Buena Vista 

coffee finca and Cerro Pilon, 17 Apr 1968, Kirkbride plr Duke 695 (MO). COL~N: Along Rio Fat6, 

10-100 m alt, Aug 1911, Pittier 4198 (US). 

162. Aphelandra ameleta Leonard 

Aphelandra ameleta Leonard, Wrightia 2:148. 1961. 

Shrubs to 3 m high; stems, at least the tips, 

densely whitish hirsute; leaf blades oblong-elliptic 

or oblong-obovate, 30-40 cm long and 10-15 cm 

wide, briefly acuminate, cuneate at base, firm, shallowly crenate, the upper surface glabrous and nitid 

except the costa, this strigose, the lower surface 

densely hirsute, the hairs light brownish; petioles 

3 mm thick, 1.5-10 cm long, densely hirsute; spike 

terminal, 20-30 cm long, 2-3 cm broad, the peduncle l cm long, 4 mm thick, densely hirsute like 

the stem, the rachis densely puberulous with light 

brownish hairs; bracts elliptic, 28-34 mm long and 

12-14 mm wide, subobtuse, mucronate, the mucro 

5 mm wide at base, finely striate, entire, firm, with 

a narrow subhyaline nerveless margin, the outer 

surface puberulous, the inner surface stria te-nerved 

and glabrous; bractlets narrowly ovate or lanceolate, 12-14 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, slenderly acute, 

puberulous without, glabrous and nitid within, 

subcarinate, striate-nerved, firm, with a narrow 

subhyaline margin; calyx 14-17 mm long, the posterior segment 5.5 mm wide, acute or lacerate, the 

anterior segments 2.5 mm wide, aristate, the lateral 

segments 2 mm wide, aristate, all of the segments 

lanceolate and striate-nerved with subhyaline nerveless margins, puberulous without and glabrous 

within; corolla lavender and white, about 6 cm 

long, glandular-pilose, the tube erect, 6 mm wide 

at base, narrowed to 4 mm at 3 cm above base, 

thence gradually enlarged to 6 mm at mouth, the 

upper lip erect, ovate, 18 mm long, 9 mm wide, the 

margins recurved, bilobed, the lobes ovate, 2 mm 

long and 3 mm wide, obtuse, the lower lip oval, 

1.8 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, 3-lobed, the lobes spreading, the middle lobe obovate, 1 cm long and 1 cm 

wide just above the middle, obtuse, the lateral 

lobes ovate, 8 mm long, 7 mm wide, obtuse, adnate 

in part to the middle lobe; stamens exceeding the 

mouth of the corolla by the length of the anthers; 

anthers 5 mm long, acute and cohering at tip, subobtuse at base; ovary glabrous. 

TypE.-Kjell von Sneidern s.n. (holotype S, US 

photo 5377), Colombia, Caqueti, in forest at Morelia, 150 m alt, 22 Nov 1941. 

DISTRIBUTION.-In rainforest, Caqueta and Putumayo, Colombia and Nap0 Pastaza, Ecuador. CoLOMBIA. PUTUMAYO: 15 km NW of Puerto Asis, 300 

m alt, 6-7 Aug 1965, King 6- Guevara 2641 (US). 

ECUADOR. NAPO PASTAZA: Cerro Antisana, Puerto 

Napo, 14 Ju1 1960, Grubb, Lloyd, Pennington 6 

Whitmore 171 (K, NY). 

163. Aphelandra gigantiflora Lindau 

Aphelandra gigantiflora Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser., 3: 

ApheEandra padillana Standley, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14: 

Aphelandra gigantiflora Lindau, f. lutea Standley & Steyer369. 1895.-Leonard, Field Mus. Bot. 18:1195. 1938. 

244. 1924. 

mark, Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 23:237. 1947. 

Shrubs, to 2.5 m high, the stems glabrous to puberulent; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate to oblongovate, 15-25 cm long, 4-9 cm wide, more or less 

abruptly acuminate, narrowed or rounded at the 

base and decurrent on the petiole, thin, entire, 

bright green above, paler and bearing a few scat- 
NUMBER 18 131 

tered short hairs beneath; spikes stout, terminal 

and axillary, 12-30 cm long, the rachis densely 

glandular-pilose; the upper bracts closely imbricate, 

the lower loosely so, spreading, the lowermost sterile, all broadly ovate, 20-30 mm long, 10-12 mm 

wide, obtuse to rounded or the upper acutish, 

entire, green or purplish, densely glandular-pilose; 

bractlets linear-subulate, equalling the calyx, 

glandular-pilose; calyx segments linear-lanceolate, 

15 mm long, long-attenuate, delicately striate-nerved, 

finely glandular-pilose; corolla bright red, 6.5-7.5 

cm long, finely glandular-pilose, the tube 4-5 cm 

long, 7-9 mm in diameter at the throat, to 6 mm 

broad at base, the upper lip oblong, 2.5-3 cm long, 

10 mm wide at the base, entire, obtuse or rounded, 

the lower lip 3-parted, the middle segment obovate, 

2.5-4 cm long, 15-17 mm wide, the lateral segments oblong, 15 mm long, 5 mm wide, acute, 

sometimes unequally 2-lobed at the apex; filaments 

50 mm long; anthers acute, 4-5.5 mm long; style 

about 6 cm long; capsule 2 cm long, oblongelliptic, acutish, finely puberulent. 

TYPE.-t$‘arscewicr s.n. (holotype B, destroyed, 

isotype W, F photo 8707), “Costa Rica et Veragua.” 

DrsmrBuTroN.-Damp, wet forests of Guatemala 

and El Salvador. GUATEMALA. AMATITLAN: Barranca de Eminencia, 420 m alt, Feb 1892, John 

Donnell Smith 2696 (US). SACTEPEQUEZ Near 

Las Lajas, 1200 m alt, 28 Nov 1938, Standley 58132 

(US); below Barranco Hondo, 1100 m alt, 11 Mar 

1941, Standley 88992 (US). ESQUINTLA: Rio Guacalate, 600 m alt, 16 Dec 1938, Standley 60209 (US). 

EL SALVADOR. AHUACHAPAN: Vicinity of Ahuachapan, 800-1000 m alt, 9-27 Jan 1922, Standley 19771 

(US); 19972 (US, holotype of A. padillana Standley); “Chuflete”, 1923, Padilla 418 (US). SONSONATE: Finca Chilata, 26-27 Dec 1921, Standley 

19315 (US). SAN VICENTE: Volcan de San Vicente, 

1200-1500 m alt, 7-8 Mar 1922, Standley 21512 

(US); 350-500 m alt, 2-11 Mar 1922, Standley 

21680 (US); Comasagua, Dec 1922, Calderon 1364 

(US); Santa Tecla, Dec 1922, Calderon 1422. 

Standley and Steyermark described forma Zutea 

from a single collection (Standley 89560, holotype 

F, Guatemala, Escuintla; wooded barranco of Rio 

Gavilan, NE of Escuintla, 720 m alt, 16 Mar 

1941). They distinguished this form only by the 

deep yellow corollas and noted that except for this 

single collection, this species had been found to 

have brilliant deep red corollas. This constant color 

intensity does not quite agree with some of the 

other species of Aphelandra that I have examined, 

where the colors may vary from red to orange-red 

to orange-yellow. Until further yellow specimens 

are collected to determine their status I am including forma Zutea under A. gigantiflora. 

164. Aphelundra alexnndri Leonard 

Aphelandra alexandri Leonard, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 25: 

438. 1935; Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:191. 1953. 

Suffrutescent, glabrous, to 1 m high; leaf blades 

elliptic, to 15 cm long and 5 cm wide, acuminate, 

ending in a blunt point, narrowed at base and 

decurrent on the petiole, entire or undulate, green, 

the costa and lateral veins (9-10 pairs) rather 

prominent; petioles to 3 cm long, winged; flowers 

borne in terminal, sessile spikes to 10 cm long and 

2 cm broad; bracts rather closely imbricate, erect 

or erect-spreading, brilliant red outside and yellow 

within, oblong-elliptic, 28 mm long and 3 mm wide 

at base, and 10 mm wide at middle, acute, glabrous, 

entire, subchartaceous, veiny; bractlets linearsubulate, 1 mm wide at base, striate-nerved; calyx 

segments lanceolate, subequal, 8 or 9 mm long, 

bearing triangular calluses at base (these conspicuous on the outside), the posterior segment oblong, 

2.5 mm wide, 2- or 3-toothed at tip, the anterior 

pair 1.5 mm wide, the lateral pair 1 mm wide, 

narrowly lance-attenuate; corolla about 6 cm long, 

brilliant red without, yellow within (thereby giving the red the orange appearance), glabrous except the lips, these minutely pruinose within, the 

tube gradually enlarged from 4 mm at base to 6 

mm at mouth, the upper lip erect, elliptic, about 

2 cm long and 8 mm wide, acute, entire, the lower 

lip spreading, 3-lobed, the lobes subequal, oblongobovate, about 2 cm long, 7-8.5 mm wide near the 

middle, acute or acutish; stamens slightly exserted; 

anthers 5.5 mm long; filaments sparingly, pilosulous: capsule not seen. 

 TYPE.-^. E. Lawrance 601 (holotype K, US 

photo, isotypes MO, NY, S), Colombia, Boyaca, in 

high forest fringes at El Humbo, on Mount 

Chapon, 130 m N of Bogota, 4 Feb 1933. 

DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality. 
132 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

165. Aphehndra schiedeana 

Schlechtendal & Chamisso 

FIGURE 24 

Aphelandra schiedeana Schlechtendal & Chamisso, Linnaea 

5395. 1830.-Standley, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 23: 1336. 

1926. 

Aphelandra melgariensis Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 113297. 

1847. 

Shrubs or suffrutescent herbs to 2 m high; stems 

glabrous or strigose toward tip; leaf blades oblonglanceolate, 8-15 cm long, 2-4.5 cm wide, acuminate, 

narrowed at base and long-attenuate on the slender 

petiole, entire, the upper surface drying dark green, 

glabrous to glabrate, the costa and lateral veins 

(usually 5-10 pairs) less prominent above than on 

the lower surface, this drying light green or olive, 

glabrate to sparsely strigose-pilose, the hairs evenly 

distributed or confined chiefly to the costa and the 

lateral veins, petioles (unwinged portion) to 2 cm 

long, the pubescence similar to that of the stem; 

spikes terminal, solitary, to 9 cm long (usually 

much shorter) and 3 cm broad, the rachis densely 

pilose; bracts closely imbricate or spreading with 

age, entire, oblong-oval, 20-22 mm long, 9-12 mm 

wide, rounded or obtuse, greenish red, nerved, 

thin, glabrous to glabrate, ciliolate; bractlets linearlanceolate, 13 mm long, 1 mm wide, thin, carinate, 

striate-nerved, sparingly pilose and puberulous; 

calyx segments subequal, lance-subulate, 1.3-1.5 

cm long, 2-3 mm wide near base, thin, subhyaline, 

nerved, pilosulous; corolla red, about 6 cm long, 

tomentulose, the tube slightly oblique, 3.5 cm long, 

barely 2 mm wide at base, thence gradually enlarged to 6 mm at throat, the upper lip erect, 

obovate, arched at the tip, 2.5 cm long, 10 mm 

wide, entire, the tip obtuse, the middle lobe of the 

lower lip obovate, about 2.7 cm long, 14 mm wide, 

the lateral lobes narrowly deflexed, linear-subulate, 

about 1 cm long, 1 mm wide, rounded at apex; 

stamens exserted about 2 cm beyond mouth of the 

corolla tube: the filaments moderately tomentose; 

the anthers 5 mm long, glabrous; the ovary glabrous, 3.5 mm long; mature capsule not seen. 

TYPE.-Schiede 6 Deppe 118 (holotype B, destroyed, F photo 8715, isotypes M, w), Mexico, 

Vera Cruz, Hacienda de la Laguna and Barranca 

de Tiosela, Oct 1828. 

DIsTRIBUTION.-southern Mexico and Guatemala, along damp, forested slopes, usually above 1000 

meters altitude. MEXICO. VERACRUZ: Orizaba, 1856 

Botteri s.n. (K, P); May 1867, Bilimek 31 (K, P); 

region of Orizaba, Rio Blanco, 27 Sep 1866, Bourgeau 3099 (FI, K, MO, P, US); near Orizaba, 30 

Oct 1895, Pringle 5910 (US), 5912 (US); W of 

Orizaba, Cerro de S. Cristobal, 1 Nov 1948, Langman 3592 (US). OAXACA: Distrito del Centro, Hacienda de Guadalupe, 1600 m alt, 13 Jun 1909, 

Conzatti s.n. (US). CHIAPAS: Mt. Ovando, Dec 

1936, Matuda 126 (US); Cerro Brujo, between 

Rancho Concepcion & Olimpo, 4 Jan 1949, Langman 3876 (US); Zinacatan, 1290 m alt, 15 Mar 

1966, Laughlin 419 (US); Tenejapa, paraje of 

Yash’anal, 1800 m alt, 21 Feb 1967, Ton 2087 (US); 

Paraje of Kotol Te, moist slope of Yochib, 1290 m 

alt, 21 Nov 1964. Breedlove 7367 (US). GUATEMALA. EL QUICHE: Nabaj, 1800 m alt, 19 Nov 1934, 

Skutch 1724 (US). SAN MARCOS: Above Finca El 

Porvenir. between “Todos Santos Chiquitos” and 

“Loma de la Paloma”, south-facing slopes of Volchn Tajumulco, 1400-1700 m alt, 8 Mar 1940, 

Steyermark 37304 (US); S of San Marcos toward 

Castalia, 1600-2200 m alt, 16 Dec 1963, Williams, 

Molina, rl. Williams 26112 (F, US, W). QUEZALTENANGO: Above Aguas Amargas, 2430-2850 m alt, 

17 Feb 1939, Standley 65474 (US); 14 Jan 1941, 

Standley 83352 (US); S of San Martin Chile Verde, 

on road to Colomba, 2200 m alt, 27 Jan 1941, 

Standley 84938 (US). SACATEPEQUEZBarranco 

above Duenas, 1590-1800 m alt, 21 Jan 1939, 

Standley 63149 (US); near Barranco Hondo, SE of 

4lotenang0, 1000-1260 m alt, 9 Feb 1939, Standley 

65025 (US). CHIMALTENANGO: Quisache, 1800 m 

alt, 5-6 Tan 1939, Standley 62294 (US). 

Nees described A. melgariensis from a Humboldt 

collection from “Colombia.” He compares this 

species with A. schiedeane Schlechtendal & Chamisso 

of Mexico and suggests that it may be merely a 

young stage of that species. After examining the 

microfiche of the Willdenow Herbarium, a specimen no. 320, bearing the determination “!usticia 

melgariensis,” I conclude that A. melgariensis is 

indeed A. schiedeana and that the specimen no 

320 is probably mislabeled since A. schiedeana does 

not occur in Colombia and also when the Humbolt and Bonpland Paris collections were examined, not a single A. schiedeann collection by Humboldt was found. 
NUMBER 18 133 

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134 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

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FIGURES 1-56 

NUMBER 18 137 

FIGURE 1.-Aphelandra acunthifoliu Hooker. 

(From W. J. Hooker, 1837:2, pl. 113.) 
138 

,-- 

SMITHSONIAK CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

FIGURE 2.-Aphelandra formom (Humboldt & Bonpland) Nees. (From W. J. Hooker, 1848, pl. 

718, representing Aphelandra cardiufolia Hooker.) 
NUMBER 18 139 

FIGURE 3.-Aphetandra nemoralis Nees. 

(From Nees von Esenbeck, 1847b:9, pl. 11.) 
140 SMITHSONIAK CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

FIGURE 4.-Aphelandra heydeana Donne11 Smith. 

(From J. D. Smith, 1893, pl. 23.) 
NUMBER 18 141 

FIGURE B.-Aphelandra maximilianu (Nees) Bentham. (From Nees, 1847b, pl. 10, representing 

Lagochilium maximilianeum Nees.) 
142 SMITHSONIAN CONTKIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

FIGURE 6.dphelandra sinclairiana Nees. 

(From Bentham, 1844, pl. 47.) 
NUMBER 18 

FIGURE l.-Aphelandra tetragonu (Vahl) Nees. 

(From Jacquin, 1798, pl. 320, representing Justiciu cristata Jacquin.) 

143 
144 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

FIGURES 8-ll.-Pollen grains of Aphelandra: 8, A. caput-medusae Lindau (PVoZfe 12128A), 

equatorial view, X 2000; 9, A. flava Nees (Cult. Bot. Gard. Munich), equatorial view, X 1800; 

10, A. gverrerensis Wasshausen (Hinton 12199), equatorial view, X 2000; 11, A claussenii 

Wasshausen, new name (Hatschbach 31349), equatorial view, X 1500. 
NUMBER 18 145 

FIGURES 12-15.-Pollen grains of Aphelandra: 12, A. bahiensis (Nees) Wasshausen, new combination (Cult. Hort. Bot. Kew), equatorial view, X 1500; 13, A. montis-scalaris Lindau ex Pilger 

(Ule 6558), equatorial view, X 1500; 14, A. mactclafta (Tafalla ex Nees) Voss (Schunke 4658), 

equatorial view, X 2000; 15, A. jacobinioides Lindau (Klug 2847), polar view, X 2000. 
146 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

FIGURES 16-19.-Pollen grains of Aphelandra: 16, A. gracilis Leonard (Allen ZjOI), equatorial 

view, X 1200; 17, A. pulcherrima (Jacquin) Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth (Steyermark 100261), 

equatorial view, X 1700; 18, A. verticillata Nees ex Hemsley (Moore 5503), equatorial view, 

X 2000; 19, A. schieferae Leonard (Barclay 3191), equatorial view, X 1500. 
NUMBER 18 

FIGURES 20-21.-Pollen grains of Aphelandra: 20, A. rnutisii Leonard (Camp E-2751), equatorial 

view, X 2000; 21, A. inaequalis Lindau (Eyerdarn 24827), equatorial view, X 2000. 

147 
148 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

FIGURES 22-25.-Aphelandra pollen grains with a smooth sexine: 22, A. madrensis Lindau 

(Hinton 15912), equatorial view, X 1150; 23, A. madrensis Lindau (Hinton 15912), surface view 

showing tectal perforations, X 5700; 24, A. schiedeana Schlechtendal & Chamisso (Ton 2087), 

equatorial view, X 1000; 25, A. Zineariloba Leonard (Mexia 8952), equatorial view, X 1200. 
NUMBER 18 149 

FIGURES 26-29.-Perprolate pollen grains of Aphelandra with a vermiculate sexine: 26, A. 

peruviana Wasshausen (Vargas 15249), equatorial view, X 1100; 27, A. peruviana Wasshausen 

(Vargas 15249), surface view, X 5500; 28, A. chamissoniana Nees (Hatschbach 23361), equatorial 

view, X 1000; 29, A. limbatifolia Lindau (Vargas 17577), polar view, X 1900. 
150 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

FIGURES 30-31.-Perprolate pollen grains of Aphelandra FIGURES 32-33.-Perprolate pollen grains of Aphelandra 

showing a striatoreticulate sexine: 30, A. wurdackii Wasshau- showing a distinctly vermiculate sexine: 32, A. runcinata 

sen (Wurdaclt 1487), equatorial view, X 2000; 31, A. grangeri Klotzsch ex Nees (Uribe 2115), equatorial view, X 900; 33, 

Leonard (Poortmann 247), equatorial view, X 2000. A. formosa (Humboldt & Bonpland) Nees (Rirnbach 630), 

equatorial view, X 1000. 
NUMBER 18 151 

FICURE~ 34-57.-Perprolate pollen grains of Aphelandra: 34, A. sinclairiana Nees (Pittier 5572), 

equatorial view, X 1000; 35, A. tillettii Wasshausen (Tillett 673-291), equatorial view, X 1000; 

36, A. liboniana Linden ex Hooker (Hatschbach 22455), equatorial view, X 1500: 37, A. 

juninensis Wasshausen (Weberbauer 6537), equatorial view, X 1000. 
152 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

FIGURES 38-40.-Pollen grains of Aphelandra: 38, A. ignea (Schrader) Nees ex Steudel (Bull s.n.), 

equatorial view, X 1300; 39, A. acanthifolia Hooker (Wurdack 745), polar view. X 1850; 40, 

A. squarrosa Nees (Barth 1-198), equatorial view, X 1000. 
NUMBER 18 153 

FIGURES 41-44.-Perprolate pollen grains of Aphelandra: 41, A. marginata Nees & Martius 

(Bele'm 1194), equatorial view, X 950; 42, A. marginata Nees & Martius (BelPm 1191), surface 

view showing the verrucose sexine, X 4800; 43, A. weberbaiieri Mildbraed (Weberbauer 6657), 

equatorial view, X 1000; 44, A. dodsonii Wasshausen (Dodson & Thien 1612), equatorial view, 

x 1000. 
154 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

FIGURES 4548.-Prolate pollen grains of Aphelandra: 45, A. chrysantha Wasshausen (Dodson rl* 

Thien 1515), equatorial view showing verrucose sexine, X 1030; 46, A. chrysantha Wasshausen 

(Dodson &+ Thien 1515), polar view, X 1030; 47, A. aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley var. 

aurantiaca (Vargas 018894), equatorial view showing verrucose sexine, X 1120; 48. A. acan'thzcs 

Nees (Hurling 3927), equatorial view X 1000. 
NUMBER 18 

FIGURES 49-51.-Prolate spheroidal pollen grains of Aphelandra: 49, A. flammea Wasshausen 

(Mexia 6700), equatorial view, X 2000, showing a serpentine-cerebriform sexine; 50, A. variegata 

Morel (Cult. Hort. Vindob.), verrucose grains with furrows converging in a manner suggesting 

that the surface of each grain is divided into 6 tetragonal sectors, X 900; 51, A. variegata Morel 

(Cult. Hort. Vindob.), polar view, X 800. 

155 
156 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 

FIGURES 52-55.-Pollen grains of Aphelandra: 52, spheroidal grains of A. die2sii Mildbraed 

(Camp E-2404), equatorial view, X 2000; 53, spheroidal grains of A. dielsii Mildbraed (Camp 

E-2404), polar view, X 2000; 54, subprolate grains of A. steyermarkii Wasshausen (SteyermarkAgostini I), equatorial view, X 2000; 55, subprolate grains of A. steyermarkii Wasshausen 

(Steyermark-Agostini I), polar view, X 2000. 
NUMBER 18 157 

FIGURE 56.-The two-dimensional paper chromatographic profile of flavonoids obtained from 

Aphelandra plant material.