FI L ED U.S. COURT OF APPEAL S EL EVENTHCI RCUI T NOVEMB ER 10, 2009 THOMAS K. KAH

N CL ERK [DO NOT PUBLISH] IN THE UN ITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELE VENTH CIRCUIT

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__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ D. C. Dock etNo. 0 8- 00 22 5- CR-T-3 0EAJ UNITED STAT ES OF AMERIC A, Pl ai nt iff -Ap pe ll ee, ve rs us ERIC BRANDON AL MLY, a.k .a. Je ffre y

Sie gl e, a.k .a. lap to ps 24 @a ol .co m , et al ., Defen da nt -Ap pe ll an t.

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ App eal fro m

th e Uni te d S ta te s Di st ric t Co urt fo r th e Mi dd le Dis tri ctof F lo rid a

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ (No ve m be r 10 , 20 09 ) Befo re CARNES, M ARCUS an d ANDERSON, Ci rcu itJu dg es PER CURI AM:Eric Bran do n Al m ly app eal s h is co nv ic ti on an d 1 20 -m on th sen te nc e fo r

in te rs ta te tra ns po rta ti on of s to le n p ro pe rty, in v io la ti on of 1 8 U.S.C. § 23 14 . Alm ly m ak es two co nt en ti on s. Fi rs t, h e co nt en ds th atth e g ov ern m en t b reac he d th e te rm s o f hi s p le a ag reem en t b y fai li ng to reco m

m en d t o t he di st ric t co urt tha t he be sen te nc edwithi n the advi so ry gu id el in es ran ge . Seco nd , he c on te nd s t ha t hi s s en te nc e, whi ch ex ceed edth e ad vi so ry gu id el in es ran ge , is pro cedur al ly and subs ta nt iv el y

un reas on ab le . W e aff

irm. I. Alm ly argu es th atth e g ov ern m en t b reac he d t he term s o f hi s p le a ag reem en t. Alm ly’ s p le a ag reem en t s pe ci fie d t ha t “ [p ]urs ua ntto Fed . R. Civ . P. 11 (c)( 1) (B), th e [g ov ern m en t] will reco m m en d t o t he Co urt tha t the de fen da ntbe sen te nc ed withi n t he de fen da nt ’s app li cab le gu id el in es ran ge as d et erm in edby the Co urt pu rs ua ntto th e Uni te d S ta te s Se nt en ci ng Gui de li ne s.” Al th ou gh th e p le a ag reem en t was fil edwith t he di st ric t co urt, the go ve rn m en t d idno t v erb al ly reco m m en d t ha t Al m ly be se nt en cedwithi n t he advi so ry gu id el in es ran ge at h is se nt en ci ng he ari ng . Alm ly con te nd s t ha t the go ve rn m en t’s s il en ce atsen te nc in g br each edhi s p le a ag reem en t an d c on st itut es rev ers ib le erro r. Ord in ari ly, we rev ie w de n ov o wh ethe r th e g ov ern m en t h as bre ach eda pl ea ag reem en t. Un it edSta te s v . Al-Ari an , 51 4 F .3d11 84 , 11 91 (11 th Cir . 20 08 ), cert . 2de ni ed , 12 9 S . Ct. 2 88 (20 08 ). Howev er, Alm ly didno t ra is e th is is su e b efo re the

di st ric t co urt, an d t he refo re we re vi ew iton ly for p la in erro r. See Pu ck et t v . Uni te d S ta te s, 1 29 S. Ct. 1 42 3, 1 43 3 (2 00 9) ; Un it edSta te s v . Agu il la rd , 21 7 F .3d 13 19 , 13 20 (11 th Cir . 20 00 ) (p er cu ria m) (“ Whe re a d efen dantrai se s a s en te nc in g arg um en t fo r th e fi rs t t im e o n app eal , we rev ie w for pl ai n e rro r.”); Uni te d S ta te s v . Tha y er, 2 04 F.3d13 52 , 13 56 (11 th Cir . 20 00 ) (“ The pl ai n e rro r st an da rdis ve ry hi gh . . . . ”). “ The fou r pr on gs of p la in erro r rev ie w are: (1) th ere m us t b e err or ; (2 ) th e err orm

us t b e p la in ; (3 ) th e err orm us t af fectth e ap pe ll an t’s s ub st an ti al rig ht s; an d (4 ) th e err orm

us t s eri ou sl y

affe ctth e fai rn es s, i nt eg rit y , or p ub li c rep ut at io n of jud ic ia l p ro ceed in gs .” Uni te d S ta te s v . Nov at on , 27 1 F .3d96 8, 1 01 4 (1 1t h C ir. 20 01 ) (i nt ern al qu ot at io ns m ark s an d a lt erat io n o m it te d) . W e wil l n otco rrec t an erro r un le ss all fou r pr on gs are s at is fie d. Id . The th irdpro ng of t he pl ai n e rro r st an da rdis no t m et . To sa ti sf y th e th ird pr on g, the erro r m

us t h av e “ affe ct [ed ] subs ta nt ia l ri gh ts .” Uni te d S ta te s v . Ro dr ig ue z, 39 8 F .3d12 91 , 12 98 (11 th Cir . 20 05 ). “ [I]n m os t ca se s [thi s] m ean s th atth e err or

m us t h av e b een pre

jud ic ia l: It m

us t h av e aff

ect edth e o ut co m e o f th e di st ric t co urt p ro ceed in gs .” Uni te d S ta te s v . Olan o, 5 07 U.S. 72 5, 7 34 , 11 3 S . Ct. 17 70 , 17 78 (19 93 ); R od rig ue z, 39 8 F .3dat 1 30 0 (“ [I]f itis equa ll y pl au si bl e th at th e err orwork edinfav orof t he de fen se , th e d efen da ntlo se s; if t he effe ctof t he 3erro r is un cert ai n s o t ha t we d o n otkn ow wh ic h, i f ei th er, s id e ithe lp edth e

de fen da ntlo se s.”) . The d efen da ntha s t he bu rd enof s ho win g p reju di ce. Ro dr ig ue z, 39 8 F .3dat 1 29 9. Al m ly alle ge s t ha t the go ve rn m en t’s s il en ce was pr ejud ic ia l b ecau se a po ss ib il it y ex is ts th atth e d is tri ctco urt wo ul d n otha ve se nt en cedhi m

to th e st atut ory

m ax im um if t he go ve rn m en t h adm ad e a v erb al reco m m en da ti on . A m ere p os si bi li ty tha t Al m ly w ou ldha ve rece iv eda sh orte r se nt en ce i s n otsu ffi ci en t t o e st ab li sh pre jud ic e. See i d. at13 01 (“ [W] he re the effe ctof a n e rro r on th e res ul t i n t he di st ric t co urt i s u nc ert ai n o r in de te rm in at e . . . [th e d efen da nt ] ha s n otm ethi s b ur de n o f sh owi ng pre jud ic e . . . .”). The re i s n o i nd ic at io n t he go ve rn m en t’s fa il ur e to m ak e a v erb al reco m m en da ti on at t he sen te nc in g h eari ng in flu en cedth e d is tri ctco urt. The go ve rn m en t h adalr eady

co nv ey edit s p os it io n t o t he co urt i n t he pl ea ag reem en t, an d t ha t ag reem en t was inth e rec or d b efo re the co urt. Fu rth er, the di stric t co urt st at edth atitwas i m

po si ng th e st atut ory

m ax im um be cau se of Al m ly’ s ex te ns iv e cri m in al hi st ory . Accor di ng ly, ev enif t he go ve rn m en t h adve rb al ly reit erat edit s reco m m en da ti on th atwou ldhave be enun li ke ly to ch an ge th e d is tri ctco urt’s se nt en ce. At b es t, i t i s u nc ert ai n wh ethe r th e g ov ern m en t’s b reac h h adan y effe ct on Alm ly’ s s en te nc e. Becaus e Alm ly has fai le d t o c arry his bu rd enof e st ab li sh in g pr ejud ic e, we co nc lu de no pl ai n e rro r oc cu rred . 4II .

Alm ly also co nt en ds th athi s 1 20 -m on thsen te nc e, whi chex ceed edth e advi so ry gu id el in e ran ge of 7 7 t o 9 6 m on th s, i s p ro cedur al ly andsubs ta nt iv el y un reas on ab le . W e rev ie w th e fi na l s en te nc e im po se d b y th e d is tri ctco urt fo r reas on ab le ne ss . Uni te d S ta te s v . W il li am s, 5 26 F.3d13 12 , 13 21 (11 th Cir . 20 08 ). The reas on ab le ne ss st an da rdm ean s re vi ew fo r ab us e o f di sc ret io n. Gal l v . Uni te d St at es , 55 2 U.S. 3 8, 1 28 S. Ct. 5 86 , 59 7 (2 00 7) . The d is tri ctco urt m us t i m po se a se nt en ce tha t i s p ro cedur al ly andsubs ta nt iv el y reas on ab le . W il li am s, 5 26 F.3dat 13 21 -2 2. Th e p arty

ch al le ng in g t he sen te nc e h as th e b ur de n o f es tabl is hi ng th atit is un reas on ab le . Id. at13 22 . A sen te nc e m ay

be pro cedur al ly unr eas on ab le if t he di stric t co urt im pr op erl y cal cu la te d t he gu id el in e ran ge , tre at edth e g ui de li ne s as m an da to ry , fai le d t o c on si de r th e § 35 53 (a) fa ct or s, s el ect eda se nt en ce b as edon cle arl y erro ne ou s fa ct s, o r fai le d t o a de qu at el y ex pl ai n i ts sen te nc e. Gall , 12 8 S . Ct. at 59 7. Al th ou gh th e d is tri ctco urt m us t p ro vi de so m e expl an at io n fo r it s s en te nc e, th e d is tri ctco urt i s n otrequi redto di sc us s ex pl ic it ly its co ns id erat io n o f eac h o f th e § 35 53 (a) fa ct or s o n t he reco rd . Uni te d S ta te s v . Sco tt , 42 6 F .3d13 24 , 13 29 (1 1t h C ir. 2 00 5) (“ W e n ow . . . squa rel y ho ldth atno th in g i n B oo ke r orels ewh ere 5requi res th e d is tri ctco urt t o s ta te on th e rec or d t ha t i t h as ex pl ic it ly con si de red

each of t he § 3 55 3( a) fa ct or s o r to di sc us s ea chof t he § 3 55 3( a) fa ct or s.”) . In st ead , we askwhet he r th e d is tri ctco urt h as “ co ns id eredth e p art ie s’ arg um en ts an d h as a reas on edba si s fo r ex erci si ng hi s o wn l eg al de ci si on m ak in g aut ho rit y .” Ri tav. Un it edSta te s, 5 51 U.S. 33 8, 3 56 -5 7, 1 27 S. Ct. 2 45 6, 2 46 8 (2 00 7) . Inass es si ng th e subs tant iv e rea so nabl en es s o f th e d is tri ctco urt’s s en te nc e, we co ns id er the to ta li ty of th e ci rcu m st an ces . Gall , 12 8 S . Ct. at59 7. A se nt en ce is subs ta nt iv el y

un reas on ab le if i t i s n otsupp orte d b y th e § 35 53 (a) fa ct or s. Id . at 60 0. “ The weig htto be acco rd edan y gi ve n § 35 53 (a) fa ct or

is a m at te r co m

m it te d to th e so un d d is cret io n o f th e d is tri ctco urt.” Will ia m s, 5 26 F.3dat 1 32 2. Alm ly con te nd s t ha t h is 12 0 m on th sen te nc e was pro cedur al ly unr eas on ab le fo r se ve ral reas on s. He fi rs t ar gu es th atth e d is tri ctco urt b as edit s d eci si on to up ward ly dep artfro m

hi s g ui de li ne s rang e o n c le arl y erro ne ou s fa ct s, n am el y

th at he ha d 1 6 c riminal hi st ory po in ts in st eadof 1 3, an d an a dju st edoff en se lev el of 2 6 in st eadof 2 4. Th is arg um en t l ack s m eri t. Alm ly exp res sl y waiv edhi s ri gh t t o ch al le ng e th e d is tri ctco urt’s ca lc ul at io n o f hi s g ui de li ne s ra ng e in hi s p le a ag reem en t. Ad di ti on al ly, Alm ly w ai ve d h is rig htto ch al le ng e th e cal cu la ti on of hi s cr im in al hi st ory

po in ts by affirm in g a t h is sen te nc in g h eari ng th atth e fac ts in hi s PS I were tru e an d a ccu rat e an d b y im pl y in g t ha t h is earl ie r writ te n o bjec ti on to 6th ei r cal cu la ti on ha d b een res ol ve d. Se e Uni te d S ta te s v . Bak er, 4 32 F.3d11 89 ,

12 16 (11 th Cir . 20 05 ) (“ [I]t is a card in al rul e o f ap pe ll at e rev ie w th ata pa rty m ay no t ch al le ng e as erro r a ru li ng or o th er tria l p ro ceed in g i nv it edby tha t p arty . The do ctrin e o f in vi te d e rro r is im pl ic at edwhen a pa rty induc es or i nv it es th e d is tri ct co urt i nt o m ak in g a n e rro r. Whe re i nv it ederro r ex is ts , itpre cl ud es a co urt fr om in vo ki ng th e p la in erro r ru le an d re ve rs in g.” ). Alm ly nex t as se rts th athi s s en te nc e was pro cedur al ly unr eas on ab le be cau se th e d is tri ctco urt fa il edto ad equa te ly exp la in it s v ari an ce fr om th e g ui de li ne s ran ge . The d is tri ctco urt ex pl ai ne d t ha t i t was in crea si ng Alm ly’ s s en te nc e be cau se of h is hi st ory

of c riminal co nduc t an d o utof ane edto pro te ctth e p ub li c. Su chanex pl an at io n was leg al ly suf fic ie nt . W e d o n otrequi re a d is tri ctco urt t o ex pl ic it ly dis cu ss eachof the § 3 55 3( a) fac to rs on th e rec or d. Sc ot t, 4 26 F.3dat 13 29 . Alm ly also co nt en ds th athi s s en te nc e was pro cedur al ly unr eas on ab le be cau se he di d n otrece iv e ad equa te no ti ce tha t the di stric t co urt was co ns id eri ng anup wardva ria nc e. Howev er, a d is tri ctco urt i s n otrequi redto pro vi de no ti ce be fo re i m po si ng a se nt en ce ab ov e th e ad vi so ry gu id el in e ran ge purs ua ntto th e fact or s i n § 35 53 (a). Iri zarry v. Un it edSta te s, _

_ U.S. _ _, 1 28 S. Ct. 2 19 8, 2 20 2– 03 (20 08 ) (h ol di ng th atdi st ric t co urt i s n otrequi redto gi ve de fen da nt s’ adv an ce 7no ti ce b efo re i m po si ng sen te nc e ab ov e th e ad vi so ry gu id el in es ran ge ba se d o n t he co urt’s d et erm in at io n t ha t a s en te nc e wit hi n t he advi so ry gu id el in es wou ldno t ad equa te ly addres s § 35 53 (a) fa ct or s) . For t he reas on s ex pl ai ne d abo ve , Alm ly’ s se nt en ce was pro cedur al ly reaso nabl e. Alm ly’ s s en te nc e was als o s ub st an ti ve ly reaso nabl e. The d is tri ctco urt im po se d a12 0 m on th sen te nc e aft er co ns id eri ng Alm ly’ s ar gu m en ts an d t he § 35 53 (a) fa ct or s, s pe ci fic al ly dis cu ss in g h is ex te ns iv e cri m in al hi st ory an d t he ne ed to pro te ctth e p ub li c. Alm ly has fai le d t o s ho w th atth e d is tri ctco urt ab us edit s di sc ret io n. Acco rd in gl y , we affi rm . AFFIRMED

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