State of New York

Court of Appeals

MEMORANDUM

This memorandum is uncorrected and subject to 

revision before publication in the New York Reports.

No. 96 SSM 19

The People &c.,

 Respondent,

 v.

Jonathan Monforte, &c.,

 Appellant.

Submitted by Craig Meyerson, for appellant.

Submitted by Peter H. Willis, for respondent.

MEMORANDUM:

The order of the Appellate Division should be reversed, the guilty plea vacated, 

superior court information dismissed, felony complaint reinstated, and the case remitted to 

County Court for further proceedings in accordance with this memorandum.
SSM No. 19

- 2 -

Defendant Jonathan Monforte challenges his conviction of first-degree 

manslaughter (Penal Law § 125.20 [2]). Defendant was arrested and arraigned upon a 

felony complaint charging him with second-degree murder and first-degree criminal use of 

a firearm (Penal Law §§ 125.25, 265.09). Defendant, after being held for the action of the 

grand jury, waived his right to indictment, agreed to be prosecuted by a superior court 

information charging only first-degree manslaughter (Penal Law § 125.20 [2]) and pleaded 

guilty to that offense. County Court accepted defendant’s waiver of indictment and guilty 

plea and sentenced him, in accordance with the plea agreement, to a 25-year term of 

imprisonment. Defendant now argues that his conviction must be vacated because his 

waiver of indictment was improper and County Court lacked jurisdiction to accept his plea. 

We agree.

As a threshold matter, this Court may consider defendant’s jurisdictional claim on 

his direct appeal despite his guilty plea and failure to raise the claim below (see People v 

Zanghi, 79 NY2d 815, 817 [1991]). 

The New York State Constitution provides that “[n]o person shall be held to answer 

for a capital or otherwise infamous crime . . . unless on indictment of a grand jury” (NY 

Const, art. 1 § 6). The Constitution contains a limited exception to this jurisdictional 

requirement: 

“a person held for the action of a grand jury upon a charge for 

such an offense, other than one punishable by death or life 

imprisonment, with the consent of the district attorney, may 

waive indictment by a grand jury and consent to be prosecuted 

on an information filed by the district attorney” (id.).
SSM No. 19

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In addition, Criminal Procedure Law § 195.10 provides that a defendant may waive 

indictment by grand jury when, among other conditions, “the defendant is not charged with 

a class A felony punishable by death or life imprisonment” (CPL 195.10 [1]). Accordingly, 

under both the Constitution and Criminal Procedure Law, a defendant who is held for the 

action of the grand jury on a class A felony punishable by life imprisonment may not waive 

indictment by the grand jury and agree to be prosecuted for a lesser included offense in 

order to facilitate a plea bargain on the homicide offense (see People v Trueluck, 88 NY2d 

546, 551 [1996] [“The inescapable language of the State Constitution and its directly 

implementing statute establish the authorizing boundary: when an accused is held for 

Grand Jury action upon a felony complaint that charges a class A felony, as here, a waiver 

of indictment with respect to that felony complaint is unauthorized”]).

Here, the felony complaint charged defendant with second-degree murder, a class 

A felony, with a maximum sentence of life imprisonment. Contrary to the People’s 

argument, under the circumstances here, Trueluck controls. In accordance with the 

Constitution, the Criminal Procedure Law, and our established precedent, defendant, 

having been held for action of the grand jury on the class A felony, could not effectively 

waive indictment and agree to be prosecuted by superior court information for the crime of 

manslaughter in the first degree. County Court improperly proceeded by information and 

lacked jurisdiction to accept his guilty plea (see id.). The People’s remaining contentions 

are without merit.
SSM No. 19

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* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

On review of submissions pursuant to section 500.11 of the Rules, order reversed, guilty 

plea vacated, superior court information dismissed, felony complaint reinstated and case 

remitted to County Court, Schenectady County, for further proceedings in accordance with 

the memorandum herein. Chief Judge DiFiore and Judges Rivera, Stein, Fahey, Garcia, 

Wilson and Feinman concur.

Decided September 5, 2019