December 9, 2015

U.S. Department of Transportation

Docket Management System

1200 New Jersey Ave., SE

Washington, DC 20590

Re: Petition of Topa 3D for an Exemption Pursuant to Section 333 of the FAA Modernization 

and Reform Act of 2012

Director: Flight Standards Service:

Pursuant to Section 333 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 ("Reform Act") and 

14 C.F.R. Part 11, Topa 3D, (“Topa”) hereby applies for an exemption from the Federal Aviation 

Regulations ("FARs") identified below to allow commercial operation of small unmanned aerial 

vehicles (i.e., "small unmanned aircraft" or "UAS") for the purpose of aerial photography, 

videography, LiDAR, photogrammetry, mapping and 3d modeling for educational institutions, 

governmental bodies, agricultural and utility entities. 

This petition for exemption is made based on information outlined in this Petition for Exemption, 

as well as the accompanying Topa documents;

1. PIC Flight Operations Manual and;

2. Operations Manuals 

(Collectively 2 and 3 are referred to as Documents & Manuals")

3. User Guide and;

4. Flight Manual1 

(Collectively 3 and 4 are referred to as "Manufacturer's Manuals")

Topa submits these supporting materials as confidential documents pursuant to 14 C.F.R. § 

11.35(b), as the materials contain confidential commercial and/or proprietary information that

Topa has not and will not share with other requesting parties. Additionally, these documents 

contain operating conditions and procedures that are not generally available to the public and are 

protected from release under the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. § 552 et. seq. NOTE: 

ALL ATTACHMENTS SET FORTH IN SUPPORT OF THIS LETTER OF 

PETITION ARE CONFIDENTIAL AND SHALL NOT BE RELEASED TO THE 

PUBLIC WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION FROM THE PETITIONER.

For your convenience, this Petition is organized as follows:

 

1

. The term "Manufacturer's Manual" also includes all relevant manufacturer publications, including, but not limited 

to: operations and flight manuals, user guides, component maintenance manuals, pilot training manuals, service 

information letters and, safety/service bulletins.
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Page 2

I. Description of Petitioner

II. Description of Proposed Operations

A. Aerial Photography, Videography, LiDAR, Photogrammetry, Mapping and 3d 

Modeling

III. Relevant Statutory Authority

IV. Topa’s Proposed UAS Operations Meet the Requirements of Section 333

of the Reform Act

A. Approval is Warranted Based on the UAS's Size, Weight, Speed, and 

Operational Capability

B. Approval is Warranted Based on the Operational Restrictions Set Forth in the 

Operations Manuals

V. Regulations From Which Exemption is Requested

A. 14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H – Airworthiness Certificates and 14 C.F.R. § 

91.203(a)(1)

B. 14 C.F.R. Part 27 Airworthiness Standards: Normal Category Rotorcraft

C. 14 C.F.R. §§ 91.9(c), 45.23(b) and 45.27(a): Aircraft Marking and 

Identification Requirements

D. 14 C.F.R. § 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) and (2); 91.417(a) and (b): 

Maintenance Inspections

E. 14 C.F.R. Part 61, 14 C.F.R. § 61.3, 14 C.F.R. § 61.113: Private Pilot 

Privileges and Limitations

F. 14 C.F.R. § 91.7(a): Civil Aircraft Airworthiness

G. 14 C.F.R. § 91.9(b)(2): Civil Aircraft Flight Manual in the Aircraft and 14 

C.F.R. § 91.203(a) and (b): Carrying Civil Aircraft Certification and 

Registration

H. 14 C.F.R. § 91.103: Preflight Action

I. 14 C.F.R. § 91.109(a): Flight Instruction

J. 14 C.F.R. § 91.119(c): Minimum Safe Altitudes

K. 14 C.F.R. § 91.121: Altimeter Settings

L. 14 C.F.R. § 91.151(a): Fuel Requirements for Flight in VFR Conditions

V1. Drug and Alcohol Program

VII. Public Interest

VIII. Privacy

IX. Federal Register Summary

X. Conclusion
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I. DESCRIPTION OF PETITIONER

Topa, based in Portland, OR provides aerial photography, videography, LiDAR, 

photogrammetry, mapping and 3d modeling for educational institutions, governmental bodies, 

agricultural and utility entities. The Company’s Principal and Chief Pilot William Erwin has 

been flying UAV Quadcopters as a hobby for more than one year without incident, spending 

hundreds of hours flying. Upon the grant of the 333 Exemption the Company’s business will 

specialize in providing aerial photography, videography, photogrammetry, mapping and 3d 

modeling for educational institutions, governmental bodies, the public at large, agricultural, 

architectural and utility entities. 

Topa’s staff are well trained and experienced in providing support as visual observers (“VO”) for 

the pilot in command (“PIC”) in addition to any other needed on site assistance.

All of the equipment owned by Topa is of the highest quality gear and has been able to provide 

these services safely and without any claims or incident. Topa’s goal is to advise the perspective 

client that Topa is following all the applicable state and federal rules to ensure the safety of the 

public while providing the client with a competitive and cost effective product.

Topa seeks an exemption to allow for aerial photography, videography, photogrammetry, 

mapping and 3d modeling. The contact information for Petitioner is as follows:

Paul Tice, President

Topa 3D

12745 SW Beaverdam Rd

Beaverton, OR 97214

Phone: 503.473.2058: 

Email: paul@topa3d.com

II. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED OPERATION

Topa seeks an exemption pursuant to Section 333 of the Reform Act to operate SenseFly Ebee; 

DJI Inspire 1; DJI S-800, S-900,S-1000; and, Flame Wheel 450 (referred to as TOP-UAS )

(under 55lbs) for the proposed operations discussed herein below. All UAS operations will occur 

under tightly controlled conditions on private property or approved location where Topa has 

received verifiable permission to operate from the landowner, controller or authorized 

representative. The proposed UAS operations will be conducted in accordance with the 

conditions and limitations of this Petition for Exemption and Topa’s Operations Manuals. As 

detailed in Topa’s Operations Manuals, all UAS operations will be limited to daytime VFR 

conditions, within visual line-of-sight ("VLOS") of the operator, in uncontrolled airspace, and 

will occur at least 5 nm away from an airport reference point. Moreover, Topa’s Operations 

Manuals incorporate redundant safeguards to assure the aircraft does not travel outside the 

controlled area of UAS operations, including GPS "geo-fencing" technologies.

A. Aerial Photography, Videography, LiDAR, Photogrammetry, Mapping and 3d 

Modeling
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Topa seeks to use small TOP-UAS for the photography, videography and mapping and 3d 

modeling for educational institutions, governmental bodies, agricultural and utility entities. Topa

has purposefully tailored its operations to meet the requirements established by the FAA in prior 

grants of exemption authorizing commercial use of UAS in the real estate industry, including:

 Pine Peaks, LLC (Exemption No. 12132)

 Jackson Family Wine (Exemption No. 11334)

 Mark Ingle (Exemption No. 11856)

 Thomas Johann Walker (Exemption No. 12719)

 Starnes Aviation, LLC (Exemption No. 12377)

 Raven-Executive (Exemption No. 12639)

 Monarch, Inc. (Exemption No. 11662)

 University of Southern California (Exemption No. 13505)

All UAS photography and videography operations will occur on private property or approved 

location in a controlled area away from spectators and persons not involved in the recording 

process. In addition, the filming will be conducted between dawn and dusk to ensure maximum 

safety for the public and those involved in the manipulation and operation of the UAS; VFR 

conditions, at altitudes below 400' above ground level (“AGL”). 

As set forth below, Topa’s operations provide an equivalent level of safety which is superior to 

performing the same work using conventional fixed-wing aircraft or helicopters.

Small UAS video production is also safer than traditional manned aircraft performing the same 

function. Videographer-inspectors also frequently need to climb roof tops, trees, or otherwise 

perform elevated work, which exposes them to the risk of dangerous falls, electrocution or 

other work related injuries. In addition, depending on the nature of the video needed and 

inspection, proximity to equipment, and other mechanical hazards associated with industrial 

sites and construction facilities often involves a risk of exposure to hazardous conditions. The 

use of TOP-UAS mitigates these hazards and is ultimately a much safer and cost efficient 

method of performing these and most other types of inspections.

Moreover, conventional operations using rotorcraft and fixed-wing aircraft in low level 

operations present risks associated with vehicles weighing tens of thousands of pounds 

(including payload) and carrying large amounts of fuel which inherently presents significant fire 

hazards as well as exposure to other chemical contaminates. It is important to note the use of 

small UAS in this area will not only be safer and more cost effective to the perspective user or 

purchaser of the service, but the quality and expanse of acquired information will be far more 

robust given the low cost associated with its acquisition and other potential consumers an 

inexpensive product.

UAS video production is more reliable, and allows for the collection, dissemination, and storage 

of visual and other sensory data with greater precision and duration at a very low cost. Small 

UASs will also be capable of accessing and inspecting areas that would otherwise be inaccessible 

or highly dangerous using conventional aircraft or other inspection methods.
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III. RELEVANT STATUTORY AUTHORITY

This Petition for Exemption is submitted pursuant to Section 333(a) through (c) of the

FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 ("Reform Act"). Congress has directed the FAA

"to safely accelerate the integration of civil unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace 

system." Pursuant to Section 333 of the Reform Act, the FAA Administrator is to permit 

unmanned aircraft systems to operate in the National Airspace Systems ("NAS") where it is safe 

to do so based on the following considerations:

● The UAS's size, weight, speed and operational capability;

● Operation of the UAS in close proximity to airports and populated areas; and

● Operation of the UAS within the visual line of sight of the operator.

Additionally, the FAA Administrator has general authority to grant exemptions from the agency's 

safety regulations and minimum standards when the Administrator decides a requested 

exemption is in the public interest. See 49 U.S.C. § 106(f) (defining the authority of the

Administrator); 49 U.S.C. § 44701(f) (permitting exemptions from §§ 44701(a), (b) and

§§ 44702 – 44716, et seq.). A party requesting an exemption must explain the reasons why the 

exemption: (1) would benefit the public as a whole, and (2) would not adversely affect safety (or 

how it would provide a level of safety at least equal to the existing rules). See 14 C.F.R. § 11.81 

(petitions for exemption).

IV. TOPA’S PROPOSED TOP-UAS OPERATIONS MEET THE REQUIREMENTS 

OF SECTION 333 OF THE REFORM ACT

The small TOP-UAS operations proposed by Topa as noted above in this Petition for Exemption 

qualify for expedited approval pursuant to Section 333 of the Reform Act as each of the statutory 

criteria and relevant factors are satisfied.

A. Approval is Warranted Based on the UAS's Size, Weight, Speed, and

Operational Capability

A Grant of Exemption is appropriate for operations conducted using the UASs due to their size 

weight, speed, and operational capability.

 The TOP-UAS utilized by Topa has been approved for use in prior Section 333 

Grants of Exemption from the FAA.2

 The TOP-UAS weighs less than 55 pounds, including payload.

 The TOP-UAS will not be flown at a ground speed in excess of 50 knots. The 

exemption holder may use either groundspeed or calibrated airspeed to determine 

compliance with the 50 knot speed restriction.

 

2See e.g., Grant of Exemption to Mark Ingle (Exemption No. 11856); Grant of Exemption Thomas Johann Walker 

(Exemption No. 12719); Grant of Exemption to Starnes Aviation, LLC (Exemption No. 12377).
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December 9, 2015

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 Altitude information will be generated by equipment onboard the UAS as 

specified using GPS triangulation, digitally encoded barometric altimeter, radio 

altimeter, or any combination thereof. This information will be transmitted to the pilot 

via telemetric data feed.

 The TOP-UAS will have system redundancies and independent functionality to 

ensure the overall safety and predictability of the system. If connection to the remote 

control or ground control station is lost, failsafe systems will permit the UASs to 

return to a predetermined location and safely land without injury or damage.

 The radio frequencies used for operations and control of the TOP-UAS comply

with the Federal Communications Commission ("FCC") and other appropriate 

government oversight agency requirements. The operating frequency for the TOPUAS is 2.4 and 5.8 GHz frequency bands.

If the same operations were conducted using a helicopter, the aircraft's take-off weight would 

likely exceed 6,000 pounds depending on payload. The difference in weight between the TOPUAS and a helicopter significantly reduces the potential harm to the participating and nonparticipating individuals and/or surrounding property in the event of an unintended accident or 

incident. In addition, the risk to the onboard pilot and camera operator is eliminated.

B. Approval is Warranted Based on the Operational Restrictions Set Forth in

Topa’s Operations Manuals

Operations Manuals and the Manufacturer's Manual for the selected TOP-UAS will contain all 

the procedures and limitations necessary to safely and successfully perform the operations 

specified in this Petition for Exemption. To assist the FAA in making a safety assessment of

Topa’s proposed operations, below is a summary of operational limitations and conditions that

Topa will adhere to, and which will ensure an equivalent or higher level of safety to operations 

conducted under current regulatory guidelines:

1. The TOP-UAS weighs less than 55 pounds, with payload.

2. All operations shall be conducted over private or controlled-access property with 

verifiable permission from the land owner/controller or authorized representative.

Permission from land owner/controller or authorized representative will be obtained 

for each scheduled flight prior to operation.

3. All UAS operated under the Grant of Exemption will be identified by serial number, 

registered in accordance with 14 CFR part 47, and have identification (N-Number) 

markings in accordance with 14 CFR part 45, Subpart C. Markings will be as large as 

practicable.

4. Minimum crew for each flight operation will consist of a pilot, who will be Pilot-in 

Command ("PIC") of the TOP-UAS, and one or more Visual Observers ("Observer") 

as necessary to safely conduct the mission.
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5. PICs shall possess either a private, recreational, or sport pilot certificate. The PIC 

must also hold a current FAA airman medical certificate or a valid U.S. driver’s 

license issued by a state, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, a territory, a 

possession, or the Federal government. The PIC will also meet the flight review 

requirements specified in 14 C.F.R 61.56 in an aircraft in which the PIC is rated on 

his or her pilot certificate.

6. The TOP-UAS shall be operated within VLOS of the PIC and Observer at all times. 

The PIC must use human vision unaided by any device other than corrective lenses, 

as specified on the PIC's FAA-issued medical certificate.

7. The PIC and Observer designated for any operation will be able to communicate 

verbally at all times.

8. Electronic messaging or texting will not be permitted during flight operations.

9. The additional requirements identified in the Grant of Exemption shall be added to 

the Topa’s Operations Manuals. The Operations Manuals will be maintained and 

made available to the Administrator upon request. If a discrepancy exists between the 

conditions and limitations in the Grant of Exemption and Topa’s Operations Manuals, 

the conditions and limitations in the Grant of Exemption shall take precedence and 

must be followed. Otherwise, Topa shall follow the procedures outlined in their 

Operations Manuals.

10. Topa may update or revise its Operations Manuals. Revisions will be tracked and a 

revised copy of the Manual will be provided to the Administrator upon request. Topa

will also present an updated and revised Operations Manuals if it petitions for 

extension or amendment to its Grant of Exemption. If an update or revision would 

affect the basis upon which the FAA grants the exemption, Topa will seek an 

amendment to its Grant of Exemption. Topa will contact the FAA’s UAS Integration 

Office (AFS-80) if questions arise regarding updates or revisions to the operating 

documents.

11. Topa Operations Manuals and its Grant of Exemption will be available to the PIC at 

the ground control station anytime the TOP-UAS is operating.

12. The PIC is prohibited from beginning a TOP-UAS flight unless (considering wind 

and forecast weather conditions) there is enough power to fly to the first intended 

point of landing, and assuming normal cruising speed, to fly after that for at least 10 

minutes.

13. Maximum total flight time for each operational flight using the TOP-UAS will be 

limited to 40 minutes or the amount of time the UAS can be flown and still maintain a 

reserve battery power of no less than 25%, whichever occurs first.

14. Flights will be operated at an altitude of no more than 400 feet AGL and will never 

enter navigable controlled airspace without timely prior written authorization and 

approval from the FAA. In the event the structure being inspected exceeds 400 feet 
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AGL, the UAS will not be operated more than 100 feet above the highest point on the 

structure, and no more than 50 feet horizontally from the structure.

15. Flight operations must be conducted at least 500 feet from all nonparticipating 

persons. (persons other than the PIC, VO, operator trainees or essential persons), 

vessels, vehicles, and structures unless:

a. Barriers or structures are present that sufficiently protect nonparticipating 

persons from the UA and/or debris in the event of an accident. The operator 

must ensure that nonparticipating persons remain under such protection. If a 

situation arises where nonparticipating persons leave such protection and are 

within 500 feet of the UA, flight operations must cease immediately and/or;

b. The aircraft is operated near vessels, vehicles or structures where the 

owner/controller of such vessels, vehicles or structures has granted permission 

and the PIC has made a safety assessment of the risk of operating closer to 

those objects and determined that it does not present an undue hazard, and;

c. Operations nearer to the PIC, VO, operator trainees or essential persons do not 

present an undue hazard to those persons per § 91.119(a).

16. The TOP-UAS may not be operated less than 500 feet below or less than 2,000 feet 

horizontally from a cloud or when visibility is less than 3 statute miles from the PIC.

17. The TOP-UAS may not operate within 5 nm of an airport reference point as denoted 

on a current FAA-published aeronautical chart unless a letter of agreement with that 

airport’s management is obtained, and the operation is conducted in accordance with

a NOTAM as required by the Topa COA. The letter of agreement with the airport 

management will be made available to the Administrator upon request.

18. Prior to each test flight the PIC shall inspect the TOP-UAS to confirm that it is in a 

condition safe for flight. The pre-flight inspection will account for all discrepancies, 

e.g. inoperable components, items, or equipment, not already covered in the relevant 

sections of the operating documents as well as equipment updates. The PIC shall not 

operate any TOP-UAS if the inspection reveals a condition that affects the safe 

operation of the TOP-UAS until the necessary maintenance has been performed and 

the TOP-UAS is found to be in a condition for safe flight. The ground control station 

shall be included in the preflight inspection. All maintenance and alternations must be 

properly documented in the UAS records as required by Topa’s Operations Manuals.

19. Topa will timely carry out its maintenance, inspections, and record keeping 

requirements in accordance with the Operations Manuals. Maintenance, inspection, 

and alterations will be fully noted in the TOP-UAS records, including total time in 

service, description of work accomplished, date completed and the signature of the 

authorized person returning the TOP-UAS to service.

20. Any TOP-UAS that has undergone maintenance or alterations that affect the UAS 

operation or flight characteristics (e.g., replacement of a flight critical component) 

must timely undergo a functional test flight in accordance with Topa’s Operations 

Manuals. The PIC who conducts the functional test flight must make an entry in the 
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UAS aircraft records of the flight. The requirements and procedures for a functional 

test flight and TOP-UAS record entry shall be included in the Topa’s Operations 

Manuals.

21. The TOP-UAS will be operated and maintained according to the Manufacturer's 

Manuals and any required manufacturer Safety/Service Bulletins and product updates.

22. Prior to the operation, a Mission Packet will be created in accordance with the 

requirements on Topa’s Operations Manuals.

23. Topa will obtain an Air Traffic Organization ("ATO") issued Certificate of Waiver or 

Authorization, otherwise known as a COA, prior to conducting any operations under 

this Grant of Exemption. A NOTAM will be issued as required by the COA. All 

operations will be conducted in accordance with airspace requirements in the ATO 

issued COA including class of airspace, altitude level and potential transponder 

requirements.

24. All required permissions and permits will be obtained from territorial, state, county or 

city jurisdictions, including local law enforcement, fire or other appropriate 

governmental agencies.

25. If the TOP-UAS loses communication with the PIC, it will have the capability to 

safely return to a pre-determined location within the operational area and land safely.

26. Contingency plans will be in place to safely terminate flight if there is a loss of 

communication between the PIC and the Observer.

27. The TOP-UAS will have the capability to safely abort flight in the case of 

unpredicted obstacles or emergencies.

28. PICs and Observers will have at least a current Class III Medical Certificate or a valid

and current state driver’s license issued within the United States. 

29. Prior to conducting operations for filming, the PIC will have accumulated and logged, 

in a manner consistent with 14 CFR § 61.51(b), a minimum of 200 flight cycles and 

25 hours total time as a UAS rotorcraft pilot and at least 10 hours logged as a UAS 

pilot with a similar TOP-UAS type platform. This requirement can be achieved by 

flights conducted and logged as a hobbyist.

30. Prior to conducting operations for filming, the PIC will have accumulated and logged, 

in a manner consistent with 14 CFR § 61.51(b), a minimum of hours pursuant to 54 

CFR § 61.51(b) as UAS pilot operating the make and model of TOP-UAS to be

utilized for operations under the exemption and three take-offs and three landing in 

the preceding 90 days.

31. Operations shall occur during daytime VFR Meteorological Conditions; flights under 

special visual flight rules ("SVFR") shall not be conducted.
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32. The TOP-UAS shall remain clear and yield the right of way to all other manned 

operations and activities at all times (including, but not limited to, ultralight vehicles, 

parachute activities, parasailing activities, hang gliders, etc.).

33. TOP-UAS Operations under Instrument Flight Rules, at night, or beyond VLOS are 

prohibited.

34. The UAS will not be operated from an elevated platform unless designed and 

engineered specifically for such purposes and be in compliance with the general 

restrictions imposed by the applicable regulations. Additionally no PIC will provide 

any film-flight operations while in motion from atop any elevated platform vehicle or 

device. 

35. Before conducting operations, the radio frequency spectrum used for operation and 

control of the TOP-UAS will comply with the Federal Communications Commission 

(FCC) or other appropriate government oversight agency requirements.

V. REGULATIONS FROM WHICH EXEMPTION IS REQUESTED

The Federal Aviation Act expressly grants the FAA the authority to issue exemptions. This 

statutory authority, by its terms, includes exempting civil aircraft, as the term is defined under § 

40101 of the Act, including UAS, from its safety regulations and minimum standards when the 

Administrator decides a requested exemption is in the public interest.3 Topa seeks an exemption 

from several interrelated provisions of Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations ("14 C.F.R") 

Parts 21, 45, 61 and 91 for purposes of conducting the requested operations using TOP-UAS

platforms noted above. Listed below are: (1) the specific sections of 14 C.F.R for which 

exemption is sought, and (2) the operating procedures and safeguards that Petitioner has 

established which will ensure a level of safety better than or equal to the rules from which 

exemption is sought.4

UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM

A. 14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H – Airworthiness Certificates and 14 C.F.R. 

§91.203(a)(1)

The FAA has stated that no exemption is needed from this section if a finding is made under the 

Reform Act that the UAS selected provides an equivalent level of safety when compared to 

aircraft normally used for the same application. These criteria are met and in point of fact 

exceeded, and therefore no exemption is needed. 5 If, however, the FAA determines that there 

 

3

49 U.S.C. § 44701(f) (authorizing the grant of exemptions from requirements of regulations prescribed pursuant to 

Sections 44701(a) and (b) and Sections 44702 - 44716).

4 14 C.F.R § 11.81(e), which requires a petition for exemption to include: The reasons why granting the exemption 

would not adversely affect safety, or how the exemption would provide a level of safety at least equal to that 

provided by the rule from which you seek exemption.

5See Grant of Exemption No. 11062 to Astraeus Aerial (FAA-2014-0352 at pgs. 13-14, 22).
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are some characteristics of the chosen UAS that fail to meet the requirements of the Reform Act, 

an exemption is requested.

Equivalent Level of Safety

Topa’s use of the TOP-UAS is safe when taking into account its size, weight, speed, and 

operational capability. As set forth in the description of proposed operations in Section IV (A), 

the TOP-UAS weighs less than 55 pounds, including payload and will not be flown at a ground 

speed in excess of 50 knots. The TOP-UAS is also equipped with safety features which will 

allow Petitioner to operate the TOP-UAS safely after experiencing certain in-flight contingencies 

or failures as noted below.

6 7

 Additionally, the TOP-UAS carries neither pilots nor passengers, 

carries no explosive materials or flammable liquid fuels, or other elements identified by 

Homeland Security as being prohibitive and operate exclusively within the parameters stated in

Topa’s Operations Manuals.

Operations conducted under this exemption will be closely controlled and monitored by the PIC 

operator and will be conducted in compliance with local public safety requirements, to provide 

security for the area of operation. Topa will also provide the FAA with advance notice of all 

operations via NOTAM as required by the applicable COA. In all cases, operation of the TOPUAS under the proposed conditions will be at least as safe as, or safer than, conventional 

rotorcraft operating with an airworthiness certificate. Lastly, the TOP-UASs do not need a means 

to communicate with other aircraft or ATC, because those capabilities will be solely possessed by 

the PIC and Observer, who are not onboard the TOP-UAS.

8

In addition, no sense-and-avoid 

 

6See e.g., Grant of Exemption No. 11184 to Low Country RC, Corp. (FAA-2014-0803 at pg. 3): "The [DJI S1000] 

has the capability to operate safely after experiencing certain in-flight contingencies or failures and uses an autopilot system to maintain UAS stability and control. The UAS is also able to respond to a loss of global positioning 

system (GPS) or a lost-link event with a pre-coordinated, predictable, automated flight maneuver, and manual flight 

control functionality as a backup. These safety features provide an equivalent level of safety compared to a manned 

aircraft performing a similar operation."

7See e.g., Grant of Exemption No. 11184 to VDOS Global, LLC. (FAA-2014-0382 at pgs. 4-5): The TOP-UAS can 

be operated entirely by a touch-screen, map-based interface. This means the operator only needs to command the 

system where to go, and the system does all the flying for the operator. The TOP-UAS can be operated in both semi 

and fully autonomous flight modes, with the operator simply clicking on a map to create a pre-planned flight path 

for a flight. In addition, the operator can create no fly zones or maximum flight ranges and altitudes so the system 

cannot enter areas deemed unsafe or unnecessary to fly over. The petitioner states further that the UAS has built-in 

intelligent fault handling which allows the TOP-UAS to detect a system fault while in the air and automatically fly 

back to its takeoff location and land. Faults that can be detected include: loss of communication; exceeding pre-set 

wind thresholds; and low battery levels.

All flight operations are global positioning system (GPS) controlled, making the system easy to navigate. At any 

point if the operator is not explicitly commanding the system to move, the system automatically holds its GPS 

position. The flight control system employs not only GPS positioning but a variety of sensors including sonar, 

barometric pressure, temperature, wind speed and others to ensure stability so long as wind thresholds are not 

exceeded. Also a flight termination link – to prevent a 'fly away' or other potentially dangerous situation – is 

available to the operator."

8See Grant of Exemption No. 11062 to Astraeus Aerial (FAA-2014-0352 at pg. 13).
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technology is necessary for the TOP-UAS because they will be operated at all times in VFR 

conditions and within VLOS of the PIC and Operator.

9

B. 14 C.F.R. Part 27 Airworthiness Standards: Normal Category Rotorcraft

Title 14 C.F.R. Part 27 sets forth the procedural requirements for airworthiness certification of 

normal category rotorcraft. To the extent that Topa’s small TOP-UASs would otherwise require 

certification under Part 27, Petitioner seeks an exemption from Part 27's airworthiness standards 

for the same reasons identified in the request for exemption from 14 C.F.R. R. Part 21, Subpart 

H, supra.

C. 14 C.F.R. §§ 91.9(c), 45.23(b) and 45.27(a): Aircraft Marking and Identification 

Requirements

Topa seeks an exemption from the aircraft marking and identification requirements contained in 

14 C.F.R. §§ 91.9(c), 45.23(b) and 45.27(a).

● 14 C.F.R. § 91.9(c), Civil Aircraft Flight Manual, Marking and Placard 

requirements, provides that:

No person may operate a U.S.-registered civil aircraft unless that aircraft 

is identified in accordance with Part 45 of this chapter.

● 14 C.F.R. § 45.23(b), Markings of the Aircraft, states:

When marks include only the Roman capital letter "N" and the registration 

number is displayed on limited, restricted or light-sport category aircraft 

or experimental or provisionally certificated aircraft, the operator must 

also display on that aircraft near each entrance to the cabin, cockpit, or 

pilot station, in letters not less than 2 inches nor more than 6 inches high, 

the words "limited," "restricted," "light-sport, "experimental," or 

"provisional," as applicable.

● 14 C.F.R. § 45.27(a), Rotorcraft, states:

Each operator of a rotorcraft must display on that rotorcraft horizontally 

on both surfaces of the cabin, fuselage, boom, or tail the marks required by

§ 45.23.

In a previous Grant of Exemption, the FAA determined that exemption from these requirements 

was warranted provided that the aircraft "have identification (N-Number) markings in 

accordance with 14 C.F.R Part 45, Subpart C if the markings are as large as practicable."10

 

9

. Id

10. FAA Docket No. FAA-2014-0352.
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December 9, 2015

Page 13

Equivalent Level of Safety

All TOP-UAS flown by Topa will bear N-number markings that are as large as practicable in

accordance with 14 C.F.R. Part 45, Subpart C.11

D. 14 C.F.R. § 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) and (2); 91.417(a) and (b): 

Maintenance Inspections

Topa seeks an exemption from the maintenance inspection requirements contained in 14 C.F.R. § 

91.405(a), 91.407(a) (1), 91.409(a)(2); 91.417(a) and (b). These regulations specify maintenance 

and inspection standards in reference to 14 C.F.R. Part 43. See, e.g., 14 C.F.R. § 91.405(a) 

(stating that each owner or operator of an aircraft "[s]hall have the aircraft inspected as 

prescribed in subpart E of this part and shall between required inspections ...have discrepancies 

repaired as prescribed in part 43 of this chapter"). An exemption from these regulations is needed 

because Part 43 and these sections only apply to aircraft with an airworthiness certificate, which 

the UAS platforms to be operated under this grant of exemption will not have. (Emphasis added)

Equivalent Level of Safety

An equivalent level of safety will be achieved or exceeded because maintenance and inspections 

will be timely performed in accordance with the Manufacturer's Manual and any required 

manufacturer Safety or Service Bulletins. Further, as required by Topa’s Operations Manuals, the 

PIC will conduct a pre-flight inspection of the TOP-UAS and all associated equipment to 

account for all discrepancies and/or inoperable components. Maintenance will be performed and 

verified to address any conditions potentially affecting safe operation of the TOP-UAS and no 

flights will occur unless, and until, all flight critical components of the TOP-UAS have been 

found to be airworthy and in a condition safe for operation. A functional test flight will be 

conducted following the replacement of any flight-critical components. As required by Topa’s

Operations Manuals, the PIC who conducts the functional test flight will make an entry in the

TOP-UAS aircraft records of the flight.

Topa’s Operations Manual also includes requirements to follow the manufacturer’s UAS 

aircraft/component, maintenance, overhaul, replacement, inspection, and life limit requirements

for the following applicable components: powertrain system (powerplant), propellers, avionics 

and control surfaces (including ailerons/elevons), structures & airframe, camera system, 

electrical systems (including batteries), ground control station, hazard accessories, and spare 

parts. Further, Topa’s Operations Manuals also include procedures to document and maintain a 

record of the TOP-UAS’s maintenance, preventative maintenance, alterations, status of 

replacement /overhaul component parts, and the total time in service of the TOP-UAS used under 

this Grant of Exemption. As a whole, the maintenance and inspection procedures required in

Topa’s Operations Manuals ensure that an equivalent or higher level of safety will be achieved.

PILOT-IN-COMMAND OF THE UAS

E. 14 C.F.R. § 61.113: Private Pilot Privileges and Limitations

 

11 See, e.g., FAA Docket No. FAA-2014-0352, at 14.
U.S Department of Transportation

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Page 14

Topa seeks exemption from 14 CFR § 61.113, which restricts private pilot certificate holders 

from flying aircraft for compensation or hire, and would also require a second class medical 

certificate. The purpose of Part 61 is to ensure that the skill and competency of any PIC matches 

the airspace in which the PIC will be operating, as well as requiring certifications if the private 

pilot is carrying passengers or cargo for hire. In this case, while the TOP-UAS will be operated 

as part of a commercial operation, they carry neither passengers nor cargo. In the Grant of 

Exemption to Astraeus Aerial, the FAA determined that the unique characteristics of UAS 

operation outside of controlled airspace did not warrant the additional cost and restrictions 

attendant with requiring the PIC to have a Commercial Pilot Certificate and Class III Medical

Certificate.12 The fulfillment of the additional requirements for a private pilot to become 

qualified as a commercial pilot would not lead to any additional safety benefits when UAS 

operations are involved. 

Equivalent Level of Safety

The restrictions Topa has placed on its TOP-UAS operations meet or exceed the restrictions 

similarly imposed on Astraeus Aerial. Topa will operate on private property or approved location 

away from persons and property not involved in the operation. Topa will also obtain an ATO 

issued COA prior to conducting any operations under this Grant of Exemption. All operations 

will be conducted in accordance with airspace requirements in the ATO issued COA including 

class of airspace, altitude level and potential transponder requirements. A NOTAM will also be 

issued as required by the applicable COA.

In addition to these flight restrictions, Topa will further ensure safe operation by requiring that 

any PIC be thoroughly versed not only in airspace and communication issues pertaining to all 

aircraft operators but also in the unique aspects of TOP-UAS flight. As set forth in the 

Operations Manuals, pilots will have experience not only in TOP-UAS operations generally but 

have logged flight time in the specific make and model used for the operations before they are 

permitted to participate in commercial flights on behalf of Topa. The pilot qualification, training, 

and currency requirements in the Operations Manuals ensure that Topa pilots are competent and 

proficient in the TOP-UAS they are operating. Topa’s training and qualification requirements are 

consistent with those contained in prior FAA Section 333 Grants of Exemption, and will provide 

a higher level of competency and proficiency for its pilots and will ensure at least an equivalent 

level of safety to the public.

OPERATING PARAMETERS OF THE UAS

F. 14 C.F.R. § 91.7(a): Civil Aircraft Airworthiness

Inasmuch as there will be no airworthiness certificate issued for the UASs, Topa seeks an 

exemption from 14 C.F.R. § 91.7(a), which requires that a civil aircraft be in airworthy condition 

to be operated. The FAA has stated that no exemption is required for 14 C.F.R. § 91.7(a) to the 

extent that the requirements of Part 21 are waived or found inapplicable.13 Accordingly, 

Petitioner requests that the requirements for § 91.7(a) be treated in accordance with

 

12 Exemption No. 11062 (FAA Docket No. FAA-2014-0352).

13See Id. at 13-14, 22.
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December 9, 2015

Page 15

Section V (A), supra.

G. 14 C.F.R. § 91.9(b)(2): Civil Aircraft Flight Manual in the Aircraft and 14 C.F.R. 

§ 91.203(a) and (b): Carrying Civil Aircraft Certification and Registration

Title 14 C.F.R. § 91.9(b) (2) and § 91.203(a) and (b) require the operator to carry airworthiness 

documents and other aircraft manuals onboard the aircraft. Pursuant to 14 C.F.R. § 91.9(b) (2):

(b) No person may operate a U.S.-registered civil aircraft –

...

(2) For which an Airplane or Rotorcraft Flight Manual is required by § 21.5 of this 

chapter, unless there is available in the aircraft a current approved Airplane or Rotorcraft 

Flight Manual, approved manual material, markings, and placards, or any combination 

thereof.

Pursuant to 14 C.F.R. § 91.203(a) and (b):

(a) Except as provided in § 91.715, no person may operate a civil aircraft unless it has 

within it the following:

(1) An appropriate and current airworthiness certificate...

(b) No person may operate a civil aircraft unless the airworthiness certificate required by 

paragraph (a) of this section or a special flight authorization issued under § 91.715 is 

displayed at the cabin or cockpit entrance so that it is legible to passengers or crew.

Given the small size and configuration of the TOP-UAS, it would be impossible to keep 

airworthiness documents and other aircraft manuals on board the TOP-UAS because there is 

simply no room and the TOP-UAS has no cabin or cockpit. As a way to comply with the code

Topa will maintain the documents with the PIC and make them available for inspection.

Equivalent Level of Safety

In an FAA Office of Chief Counsel's Opinion dated August 8, 2014, and prepared by Dean E. 

Griffith, Attorney, AGC-220, it was acknowledged that the intent of 14 C.F.R. 91.9(b) and 

91.203(a) and (b) is met if the pilot of the unmanned aircraft has access to the UAS flight 

manual, registration certificate, and other required documents from the ground control station 

from which he or she is operating the aircraft.14 As this FAA Office of Chief Counsel Opinion 

clarifies, the intent of the rule is to ensure the pilot has access to these key documents during 

flight. Therefore, an equivalent level of safety will be achieved by ensuring that the pilot has 

access to the documents at the ground control station from which he or she is piloting the UAS.

H. 14 C.F.R. § 91.103: Preflight Action

 

14 Memorandum from Mark Bury, FAA Assistant Chief Counsel for International Law, Legislation and Regulation, 

to John Duncan, FAA Flight Standards Service (Aug. 8, 2014); see also Docket No. FAA-2014-0352 at 16-18.
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December 9, 2015

Page 16

Topa seeks an exemption from 14 C.F.R. § 91.103, which requires a PIC to become familiar with 

specific information before each flight, including information contained in the FAA-approved 

Flight Manual on board the aircraft. While the PIC will be familiar with all information 

necessary to safely conduct the flight, an exemption is requested to the extent that an FAAapproved Flight Manual is required.

Equivalent Level of Safety

An equivalent level of safety will be provided by following the Topa’s Operations Manuals and 

the Manufacturer's Manual. The PIC will perform a series of checklists designed to identify any 

defects or inoperable components in accordance with the Topa’s Operations Manuals, including 

checklists covering Pre-Flight, Launch, Landing, and Post-Flight procedures. The PIC will also 

be required to review weather, flight requirements, battery charge, landing and takeoff distance, 

UA performance data, and contingency landing areas—before initiation of flight. Topa’s

Operations Manuals and the Manufacturer's Manual will be kept at the ground control station 

and will be accessible to the PIC at all times while operating the UAS.

I. 14 C.F.R. § 91.109(a): Flight Instruction

Topa seeks an exemption from 14 C.F.R. § 91.109(a), which provides in pertinent part that "[n]o 

person may operate a civil aircraft (except a manned free balloon) that is being used for flight 

instruction unless that aircraft has fully functioning dual controls." UASs and remotely piloted 

aircraft, by their design, do not have functional dual controls. Instead, flight control is 

accomplished through the use of a device that communicates with the aircraft via radio 

communications. Accordingly, an exemption will be required for the flight instruction 

requirements of 14 C.F.R. § 91.109(a).

Equivalent Level of Safety

Given the size and speed of the UAS that Topa intends to use, an equivalent level of safe training 

can still be performed without dual controls because no pilot or passengers are aboard the UAS, 

and as required by the Topa’s Operations Manuals, all persons will be a safe distance away in the 

event that the UAS experiences any difficulties during flight instruction. Moreover, as required 

by the Topa’s Operations Manuals, all flight training will be conducted in controlled and sterile 

environment. As a whole, the safety procedures provided for in Topa’s Operations Manuals 

ensure that the proposed UAS operations provide an equivalent or higher level of safety than that 

provided by the flight instruction regulations.

J. 14 C.F.R. § 91.119(c): Minimum Safe Altitudes

Topa requests an exemption from the minimum safe altitude requirements of 14 C.F.R. § 

91.119(c).15 Section 91.119 prescribes the minimum safe altitudes under which aircraft may not 

 

15 Relief from § 91.119(a) will not be necessary because Petitioner will be able to perform an emergency landing 

without undue hazard to persons or property on the ground in the event of a failure. Petitioner's proposed UAS 

operations will not occur over congested areas, and therefore an exemption from § 91.119(b) will not be necessary. 

See e.g., Grant of Exemption No. 11157 to Slugwear, Inc., dba Like on a tree Aerial (FAA-2014-0534 at 15).
U.S Department of Transportation

December 9, 2015

Page 17

operate, including 500 feet above the surface and away from any person, vessel, vehicle, or 

structure in non-congested areas. See 14 C.F.R. § 91.119(c). Section 91.119(d) allows for a 

helicopter to operate at less than those minimum altitudes when it can be operated "without 

hazard to persons or property on the surface," provided that "each person operating the helicopter 

complies with any routes or altitudes specifically prescribed for helicopters by the FAA."

An exemption is required because the proposed TOP-UAS operation will normally need to occur 

below 400 feet AGL. In circumstances where the TOP-UAS is used to inspect a structure whose 

height exceeds 400 feet AGL, the TOP-UAS will not be operated more than 100 feet above the 

highest point on the structure, and within 50 feet horizontally of the structure. Additionally, due 

the nature of the proposed operations, the Pilot and/or Observers(s) may need to be less than 500 

feet away from the TOP-UAS.

Equivalent Level of Safety

Compared to flight operations with rotorcraft weighing far more than the maximum weights 

proposed herein, and given the lack of flammable fuel with the above noted UASs, any risk 

associated with these operations is far less than those which presently exist with conventional 

aircraft. An equivalent level of safety will be achieved given the size, weight, and speed of the

TOP-UAS, as well as the controlled location where the operations will occur. In order to avoid 

any risk to manned aircraft, flight operations will be restricted to 400 feet AGL or below, or 

when inspecting a U.S. structure whose height exceeds 400 feet AGL, within 100 feet above the 

highest point on that structure and 50 feet horizontally of the structure.

As set forth in the Operations Manuals, the TOP-UAS will be operated in a restricted area, and 

all flights will be operated at a lateral distance of at least 500 feet from any nonparticipating 

persons, unless that person is in a position where he or she is shielded from the TOP-UAS and 

any possible debris resulting from its failure. As required by the Operations Manuals, flights will 

be terminated if a nonparticipating person within 500 feet of the TOP-UAS leaves a shielded

position. Further, its operations will occur at least 500 feet away from vehicles or structures 

unless the property owner/controller timely has granted permission and the PIC has made a 

safety assessment of the risk of operating closer to those objects and, operations near the PIC or 

Observer will not present an undue hazard per § 91.119(a). Adherence to these restrictions in

Topa’s Operations Manuals will ensure operations can be conducted without compromising 

public safety.16

 

16 See e.g., Grant of Exemption No. 11138 to Douglas Trudeau (FAA-2014-0481 at 19): "If barriers or structures are 

present that can sufficiently protect nonparticipating persons from the UA or debris in the event of an accident, then 

the UA may operate closer than 500 feet to persons afforded such protection. The operator must also ensure that 

nonparticipating persons remain under such protection. If a situation arises where nonparticipating persons leave 

such protection and are within 500 feet of the UA, flight operations must cease immediately. When considering how 

to immediately cease operations, the primary concern is the safety of those nonparticipating persons. In addition, the 

FAA finds that operations may be conducted closer than 500 feet to vessels, vehicles and structures when the

owner/controller of any such vessels, vehicles or structures grants permission for the operation and the PIC makes a 

safety assessment of the risk of operating closer to those objects and determines that it does not present an undue 

hazard."
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December 9, 2015

Page 18

K. 14 C.F.R. § 91.121: Altimeter Settings

Topa seeks an exemption from 14 C.F.R. § 91.121, which requires a person operating an aircraft 

to maintain cruising altitude or flight level by reference to an altimeter that is set to the elevation 

of the departure airport or barometric pressure. An exemption is required to the extent that the 

UASs do not have a barometric altimeter, but rather a GPS altitude read out.

Equivalent Level of Safety

The FAA has stated that an equivalent level of safety to the requirements of 14 C.F.R. §91.121 

can be achieved in circumstances where: (1) the UASs will be operated below 400 feet AGL or 

below17, (2) within VLOS, (3) where GPS based altitude information is relayed in real time to the 

operator at a ground-based on-screen display and, (4) where prior to each flight, a zero altitude 

initiation point is established for the PIC to confirm accuracy of the onboard GPS.18

The TOP-UAS that Topa intends to use for the proposed operations will meet all these 

operational characteristics. Moreover, as required by Topa’s Operations Manuals, the PIC will be 

required to calibrate the aircraft's GPS compass prior to each flight operation. Like prior FAA 

Section 333 Grants of Exemption, the TOP-UAS Topa intends to use, and the safety mitigation 

procedures contained in the Operations Manuals, both ensure that an equivalent level of safety or 

greater level will be achieved, and a Grant of Exemption to the requirements of § 191.121 is 

therefore appropriate.

L. 14 C.F.R. § 91.151(a): Fuel Requirements for Flight in VFR Conditions

Topa requests an exemption from 14 C.F.R. § 91.151(a)'s fuel requirements for flight in VFR 

conditions. Section 91.151 states:

(a) No person may begin a flight in an airplane under VFR conditions unless (considering 

wind and forecast weather conditions) there is enough fuel to fly to the first point of 

intended landing and, assuming normal cruising speed –

(1) During the day, to fly after that for at least 30 minutes; or

(2) At night, to fly after that for at least 45 minutes.

Here, the technological limitations on UAS battery power means that no meaningful flight 

operations can be conducted while still maintaining a 30-minute battery reserve. An exemption 

from the fuel requirements of 14 C.F.R. § 91.151(a) is therefore required. Moreover, it is not

Topa’s intention to fly the TOP-UASs at night.

 

17 If the height of the structure being inspected exceeds 400 feet AGL, the UAS will not be operated more than 100 

feet above the highest point on the structure.

18 See Grant of Exemption No. 11062 to Astraeus Aerial (FAA-2014-0352 at 21).
U.S Department of Transportation

December 9, 2015

Page 19

Equivalent Level of Safety

In the Grant of Exemption to VDOS (Exemption No. 11112), the FAA determined that an 

equivalent level of safety to the fuel requirements for flight in VFR conditions could be achieved 

by prohibiting the PIC from beginning a TOP-UAS flight unless (considering wind and forecast 

weather conditions) there was enough power to fly to the first intended point of landing and, 

assuming normal cruising speed, to fly after that for at least 10 minutes. In reaching this 

conclusion, the FAA considered that the UAS batteries for the TOP-UAS provide approximately 

50 minutes of powered flight (with payload) and provided battery level and battery time 

remaining in minutes and seconds to the PIC.19 The FAA also considered the fact the TOP-UAS

operating manual states: “start every flight with a fully charged battery in the aerial vehicle”, and 

that in the event that the TOP-UAS should run low on power, the PIC will be alerted and can

safely land the- TOP-UAS as soon as possible. Like the VDOS Grant of Exemption, Topa’s use 

of the TOP-UAS, combined with the requirements of Petitioner's Operations Manuals, ensure 

that an equivalent level of safety can be achieved and in fact exceeded.

Similarly, in the Grant of Exemption to Alan Purwin (Exemption No. 11161), the FAA 

determined that an equivalent level of safety to the fuel requirements for flight in VFR conditions 

could be achieved by prohibiting the PIC from beginning a flight with the UA unless 

(considering wind and forecast weather conditions), there was enough power to safely fly at 

normal cruising speed to the intended landing point and land the UA with 25% battery power 

remaining. Topa will adhere to this limitation for its TOP-UAS flights.

The TOP-UAS includes a low battery warning system and the amount of battery reserve power 

remaining is continuously transmitted to the PIC via telemetric data feed, which downlinks from 

the TOP-UAS to a ground-based-on-screen display.20 As required by Topa’s Operations

Manuals, the PIC will promptly fly the TOP-UAS back to the home launch location or predetermined abort location where it may safely land, while still maintaining a minimum of 25% 

reserve battery power. Topa submits that the procedures requiring flights to be safely terminated 

once the batteries fall below 25% capacity, combined with the requirement that flights only be 

conducted within a secure, isolated area, using a UAS weighing less than 55 pounds, and within 

VLOS of the PIC and Observer(s), ensure that the proposed operation will provide an equivalent 

or higher level of safety to the public to that provided by the regulations from which exemption 

is sought.

VI. DRUG AND ALCOHOL PROGRAM

Topa will have policies in place to ensure that no person may participate in TOP-UAS flight 

operations if they are under the influence of alcohol or any drug.

 

19. Grant of Exemption No. 11112 to VDOS Global, LLC (FAA-2014-0382 at 10).

20. The TOP-UAS ground control station displays, the UASs position, navigation route, tail number, altitude, 

heading, north seeking arrow, range to targets, calculated target position, date/time, and sensor heading and 

orientation relative to the UAS.
U.S Department of Transportation

December 9, 2015

Page 20

VII. PUBLIC INTEREST

The public interest will be served by granting Topa’s Petition for Exemption. Congress has 

established a national policy that favors early integration of UAS into the NAS in controlled, safe 

working environments such as those proposed in this Petition. Granting this Petition for 

Exemption helps fulfill Congress' goal in passing Section 333(a) through (c) of the Reform 

Act—the FAA Administrator's assessment of whether certain UAS may operate safely in the 

NAS before completion of the statutorily required rulemaking.

The proposed TOP-UAS operations in this Petition for Exemption significantly improves the 

safety and reduces risk of harm, physical injury and property damage to the public at large, the 

property owners from whom permission was granted for use by Petitioner and abutting 

properties, staff of Petitioner, unsuspecting passersby, inspecting engineers from relevant 

organizations and all those who may be in the local vicinity. Traditional methods of providing 

surveillance and modeling services requires location personnel to climb towers, trees, venture 

onto precarious roofs and other dangerous scenarios, perform elevated work for which the 

individual is neither trained nor equipped to perform, which exposes them to unnecessary risk of 

serious physical injury from dangerous falls or other physical mishaps. Moreover, 

inspectors/surveyors are often unnecessarily exposed to hazardous conditions, unsafe 

environments, culturally tense situations and other hazards associated with identifying specific 

locations for potential recording sites to be used in the end product. The use of small UASs can 

eliminate these hazards and ultimately create a much safer method of performing these types of 

inspections creating a safer environment for the public as well as Topa employees.

The use of small UAS also enhances safety and reduces risk to the surrounding public because, 

unlike manned aircraft weighing thousands of pounds, carrying crew in addition to flammable 

fuel, the UASs carry no passengers, crew or explosive fuel. Furthermore, in the unlikely event of 

an accident, Topa’s small battery powered TOP-UAS presents significantly less danger to 

persons on the ground when compared to operations by conventional manned aircraft.21 As

Petitioner's TOP-UAS are battery powered, the public will also benefit from a reduction in 

harmful petroleum based emissions associated with conventional aircraft performing in the same 

functions proposed herein. Air quality will naturally be improved with the reduction of fuel 

powered vehicles. 

Lastly, as recognized by the FAA in prior Section 333 Grants of Exemption to filmmakers, UAS 

provide an additional economic tool for the aerial filming notwithstanding the industry, adding a 

greater degree of flexibility, which supplements the current capabilities offered by manned 

aircraft.22 The quality of the finished product is enhanced and provides a greater finished product 

 

21 See Grant of Exemption No. 11158 to Team 5, LLC (FAA-2014-0783 at 12): "Manned helicopters conducting 

aerial filming can weigh 6,000 pounds or more and are operated by an onboard pilot, in addition to other onboard 

crewmembers, as necessary. The petitioner’s UAs will weigh less than 55 pounds with no onboard pilot or crew. 

The pilot and crew will be remotely located from the aircraft. The limited weight significantly reduces the potential 

for harm to participating and nonparticipating individuals or property in the event of an incident or accident. Risk to 

an onboard pilot and crew during an incident or accident is eliminated with the use of a UA for the aerial filming 

operation."

22 See e.g., Grant of Exemption No. 11178 to Picture Factory, Inc. (FAA-2014-0794 at 18).
U.S Department of Transportation

December 9, 2015

Page 21

demand which will aid the current UAS industry and provide additional jobs as the cost of 

providing the needed product is greatly reduced while reducing the difficulty with which the 

finished product is created. The demand for the current industrial product is increasing and will 

continue to increase given the enhanced flexibility of production; therefore, given the lower cost, 

owner/operators and others in the relevant industry will be more inclined to utilize the services of 

commercial UAS along with an appropriate licensed PIC’s. 

VIII. PRIVACY

All TOP-UAS operations will be conducted in accordance with applicable federal, state, and

local laws regarding privacy. All operations shall be conducted over private or controlled-access 

property with permission from the land owner/controller or authorized representative. Permission 

from land owner/controller or authorized representative will be obtained for each flight to be 

conducted.

IX. FEDERAL REGISTER SUMMARY

Pursuant to 14 C.F.R. Part 11, the following summary is provided for publication in the 

FEDERAL REGISTER, should it be determined that publication is needed: Petitioner seeks an 

exemption from the following rules in Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations:

Part 21, Subpart H; Part 27; 45.23(b); 45.27(a); 61.113; 91.7(a); 91.9(b)(2); 91.9(c);

91.103; 91.109(a); 91.119(c); 91.121; 91.151(a); 91.203 (a) & (b); 91.405(a); 91.407(a)(1);

91.409(a) (1) & (2); 91.417 (a) & (b).

The exemption will enhance safety by reducing risk to the aircraft crew, production crew, general 

public, property owners and city structures from the substantial hazards associated with 

performing equivalent film work and aerial video production with conventional fixed-wing 

aircraft, rotorcraft, or other methods.

X. CONCLUSION

Topa’s Petition for Exemption satisfies the criteria articulated in Section 333 of the Reform Act 

of 2012 which includes weight; speed; operating capabilities; proximity to airports and populated 

areas; operation within VLOS and national security. The proposed TOP-UAS operations will 

benefit the public as a whole by improving safety and reducing risk by alleviating human 

exposure to danger while lowering the attendant related costs thereby increasing the demand for 

the finished product. In consideration of the foregoing, this Petition for Exemption provides the

FAA with more than adequate justification for granting the requested exemptions allowing Topa

to use small TOP-UAS in the recorded production of its product.
U.S Department of Transportation

December 9, 2015

Page 22

We thank you for your prompt consideration of our requested exemptions.

Respectfully Submitted,

Paul Tice, President

Topa 3D

12745 SW Beaverdam Rd

Beaverton, OR 97214

Phone: 503.473.2058: 

Email: paul@topa3d.com

(The following attached items contain proprietary and commercial information exempt from 

disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. § 522 et seq., and should be held in a

separate file pursuant to 14 C.F.R. § 11.35(b)).

Attachments:

1. General Operations Manual

2. PIC Operating Manual

3. Company Protocols

4. Location Protocols

5. Flight Communications Protocols

6. Departing Location Protocols

7. Transmitter Protocols

8. Preflight Checklist

9. Post Flight Checklist

10. Equipment Checklist

11. UAS Manufacturer’s Manuals

a. User Manuals

b. UAS Maintenance Manuals