DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA

FOURTH DISTRICT

R.J. REYNOLDS TOBACCO COMPANY,

Appellant,

v.

BETTYE RYAN, as personal representative of the Estate of THOMAS 

RYAN, and BETTYE RYAN, individually,

Appellees.

No. 4D16-1845

[December 13, 2017]

Appeal and cross-appeal from the Circuit Court for the Seventeenth 

Judicial Circuit, Broward County; John J. Murphy, III, Judge; L.T. Case 

Nos. 08-80000 (19) and 08-022579 (19).

William L. Durham II, Scott Michael Edson and Jeffrey S. Bucholtz of 

King & Spalding LLP, Atlanta, GA, and Washington, DC, and Robert C. 

Weill of Sedgwick LLP, Miami, for appellant.

Maegen Peek Luka, Celene H. Humphries and Thomas J. Seider of 

Brannock & Humphries, Tampa, Alex Alvarez of The Alvarez Law Firm, 

Coral Gables, and Gary Paige of Gordon & Doner, P.A., Davie, for appellees.

DAMOORGIAN, J.

In this Engle1 progeny case, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (“RJR”)

appeals the final judgment entered in favor of Thomas Ryan and his wife 

Bettye Ryan (“Plaintiffs”) after the jury found RJR liable for Mr. Ryan’s 

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Both parties raise several issues 

on appeal and cross-appeal, however we write only to address: (1) RJR’s 

argument that the Surgeon General’s Reports (“the Reports”) were 

erroneously admitted into evidence and improperly used to establish 

addiction-causation and to bolster expert opinions; and (2) Plaintiffs’

argument that, in the event of reversal, they should be permitted to amend 

the complaint to seek punitive damages on their negligence and strict 

liability claims.

 

1 Engle v. Liggett Grp., Inc., 945 So. 2d 1246 (Fla. 2006).
2

In Philip Morris USA, Inc. v. Pollari, 228 So. 3d 115, 120–30 (Fla. 4th 

DCA 2017), we recently held that the very same Reports constitute 

hearsay, are inadmissible as either public records or adoptive admissions, 

and may not be used to impermissibly bolster the opinions of testifying 

experts. Because the Reports were relied on at every major stage of the 

trial and used “to unfairly buttress [the plaintiff’s] factual contentions . . .

using the imprimatur of the Surgeon General of the United States,” we also 

held that the plaintiff could not meet her burden of showing that the error

was harmless. Id. at 130–31.

The admission of, and extensive reliance on the Reports in the present 

case was equally erroneous. Just as is Pollari, Plaintiffs “relied on these 

Reports at every major stage of the trial for numerous propositions, and 

read various portions during opening statements, the presentation of 

expert witness testimony, and closing arguments.” Id. at 119. Plaintiffs 

also projected key statements from the Reports on slides for the jury to 

review and used those slides to bolster the opinions of one of their experts. 

Overall, the Reports were presented as authoritative and conclusive 

evidence that nicotine exposure essentially rewires the brain and removes 

an individual’s choice to continue smoking and that nicotine addiction is 

the fundamental reason why individuals persist in using tobacco products. 

In other words, the Reports were used to unfairly buttress Plaintiffs’ 

factual contentions concerning two key contested issues at trial: addiction 

and addiction-causation. See Philip Morris USA, Inc. v. Douglas, 110 So. 

3d 419, 431–32 (Fla. 2013) (noting that “proving class membership often 

hinges on the contested issue of whether the plaintiff smoked cigarettes 

because of addiction or for some other reason”). Considering the extensive 

use of the Reports at trial, Plaintiffs cannot meet their burden of showing 

that the error was harmless. See Pollari, 228 So. 3d at 130–31; see also 

R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. v. McCoy, Fla. L. Weekly D2408, D2408 (Fla. 

4th DCA Nov. 8, 2017). Accordingly, we reverse and remand for a new 

trial.

In light of our disposition, Plaintiffs argue that this Court should 

remand with instructions that the trial court grant their previously denied 

request to seek punitive damages on their negligence and strict liability 

claims pursuant to Soffer v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., 187 So. 3d 1219 

(Fla. 2016). RJR concedes that Plaintiffs are free to seek the trial court’s 

leave to add a request for punitive damages on the non-intentional tort 

claims, but argues that it is inappropriate for this Court to grant such a 

request because the trial court must first find that Plaintiffs have proffered 

a reasonable evidentiary basis to seek punitive damages on those claims. 

We agree with RJR and hold that, on remand, Plaintiffs may seek leave 

from the trial court to add claims for punitive damages on their negligence 
3

and strict liability counts. See McCoy, Fla. L. Weekly at D2408 (“On 

remand, the plaintiff is free to seek leave from the trial court to add claims 

for punitive damages on his negligence and strict liability counts.”).

Reversed and remanded for a new trial.

WARNER and TAYLOR, JJ., concur.

* * *

Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.