Five Year Federal Action Plan Management Conference and Tribal Review 0

0

Interim Draft

The Puget Sound Federal Task Force

Action Plan

FY 2017-2021
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

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Table of Contents 

1.0 Background .......................................................................................................................................2

2.0 Priority Federal Actions to Protect and Restore Puget Sound..........................................................3

2.1...Cross-cutting Actions.......................................................................................................................3

2.2...Habitat .............................................................................................................................................4

2.3...Stormwater....................................................................................................................................22

2.4...Federal Lands and Facilities...........................................................................................................25

2.5...Vessel Traffic and Pollution Prevention and Response .................................................................26

2.6...Shellfish..........................................................................................................................................30

3.0 Science and Monitoring ..................................................................................................................35

4.0 Treaty Rights at Risk........................................................................................................................36

5.0 Puget Sound Federal Task Force Governance and Action Plan Implementation ...........................37

Appendix A. Puget Sound Federal Task Force MOU.......................................................................................

Appendix B. Summary Table of Priority Federal Actions to Protect and Restore Puget Sound .....................

Appendix C. Puget Sound Tribal Management Conference Comments.........................................................

Appendix D. Priority Federal Science and Monitoring for Puget Sound.........................................................

Appendix E. Forest Service Road Decommissioning, Storage, Stabilization Project Priorities.......................

Appendix F. Forest Service Fish Passage Project Priorities.............................................................................
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1.0 Background

Puget Sound is the second largest estuary in the United States. This deep, ecologically diverse fjord 

system is located within the broader Salish Sea, south of the border between the United States and 

Canada. The Puget Sound ecosystem supports the largest salmon runs in the lower 48 states and is 

home to substantial concentrations of waterfowl, shorebirds and raptors; abundant shellfish and dozens 

of marine mammal species. Puget Sound is also a powerful regional and national economic force, home 

to some of the largest ports exporting and importing goods from the nation's leading trading partners in 

Asia and other countries. Also home to Army, Navy, and Air Force Installations, Puget Sound is critical to 

our nation’s defense.

Despite its rich ecological resources and thriving economy, the Puget Sound ecosystem is experiencing 

significant challenges. Approximately 70 percent of the Puget Sound’s original estuaries and wetlands 

have disappeared due to urban and agricultural development, and beaches and shellfish beds continue 

to be closed from bacterial and pollutant contamination. Populations of salmon that once numbered in 

the millions are now listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act.

The Puget Sound Federal Task Force was established by MOU in October 2016. See Appendix A. Under 

the MOU, the Regional Implementation Team of the Puget Sound Federal Task Force will develop a fiveyear Action Plan that includes a coordinated list of federal priority projects, federal policy priorities for 

Puget Sound recovery, and budgets for these priorities. The Regional Leadership Team has developed 

and submitted the Action Plan to the national Puget Sound Federal Task Force for review and approval

by June 1, 2017.1

The Regional Implementation Team used priorities identified through the Western Washington Tribal 

Treaty Rights at Risk initiative, Tribal Habitat Priorities, the 2016 State of Our Watersheds Report, the 

2016 Puget Sound Action Agenda, and salmon recovery priorities as the primary basis for the Federal 

Action Plan. The Action Plan may also include priority federal actions not addressed in the Action 

Agenda or salmon recovery plans. Transboundary issues and priorities will be integrated into the Action 

Plan as an outcome of coordination with Canadian partners. Section 2 of the Action Plan is organized 

around the three strategic initiatives contained within the Action Agenda: habitat, shellfish and 

stormwater as well actions that cut across the three strategic initiatives, vessel traffic and actions on or 

related to federal lands and facilities that address all three strategic initiatives. All of the actions 

included in this plan are subject to the authorization and appropriation of funds.2

 

1 The Puget Sound Federal Task Force Regional Leadership Team submitted an interim Action Plan to the national 

Puget Sound Federal Task force prior to January 20, 2017 (on January 17, 2017) as requested by Christy Goldfuss, 

Managing Director at the White House Council on Environmental Quality at the October 18, 2016 Puget Sound 

Federal Task Force Regional Leadership Meeting with CEQ.

2

 As required by the Anti-Deficiency Act, 31 U.S.C. Sections 1341, 1342, and 1517, all activities of the parties in 

implementing this Federal Action Plan are subject to the availability of authorized and appropriated funds. Nothing 

in this Federal Action Plan obligates any of the parties to expend or transfer appropriations or to enter into any 

contract, assistance agreement, interagency agreement or incur other financial obligations. Any activities or 

projects involving the transfer, reimbursement or contribution of funds among the patties to this Federal Action 

Plan will be handled under separate agreements and any negotiation, execution and administration of such 

agreements must be in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. Such activities must be independently 

authorized by appropriate statutory authority. This Federal Action Plan does not provide such authority.
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2.0 Priority Federal Actions to Protect and Restore Puget Sound

2.1 Cross-cutting Actions

2.1.1 Evaluate existing programmatic or streamlined regulatory 

tools/processes for activities related to Puget Sound habitat

Identify any critical gaps in those tools/processes, and in cooperation with the State, ensure information 

on how to utilize existing tools is accessible at the Governor’s Office for Regulatory Innovation and 

Assistance. Activities to be evaluated include restoration actions such as culvert replacements, 

floodplain, and estuarine restoration activities. Specific activity types within those categories and other 

categories of actions may also be evaluated.

Lead/Coordinating Agencies: NOAA, EPA / USACE, USFWS, others

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected Outcome: Enables applicants, including agencies and Tribes, to move forward with restoration 

and other projects which conform to programmatic criteria more quickly, predictably, and with greater 

regulatory certainty. In addition, these programmatic regulatory efforts have been demonstrated to 

reduce the overall regulatory workload.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): No additional resources needed at this time. If new 

tools/processes are identified for development, additional resources may be necessary.

2.1.2 Implement the National Estuary Program for Puget Sound protection 

and recovery

Implement the Puget Sound Action Agenda through the Strategic Initiative Leads and Tribal Lead 

Organization, backbone coordination for Puget Sound Recovery, updates to the Puget Sound Action 

Agenda, implementation strategies, science and monitoring.

Lead Agency: EPA

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected Outcome: Implementation of the Puget Sound Action Agenda through funding for the 

Strategic Initiative Leads and Tribal Lead Organization, supporting backbone coordination for Puget 

Sound Recovery, updates to the Puget Sound Action Agenda, and support for implementation strategies, 

science and monitoring. 

Resources (subject to future appropriations): $30M/year Puget Sound Geographic Funds
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2.2 Habitat

2.2.1 Remove fish passage barriers 

Correcting salmon and steelhead migration barriers caused by culverts and other man-made structures 

provides immediate benefits to anadromous fish stocks by reconnecting potential spawning and rearing 

habitat and reestablishing natural stream processes. Federal agencies with land management or

facilities management responsibilities have identified numerous fish migration barriers under their 

respective jurisdictions and are working to correct high priority sites. Multiple Federal programs provide 

technical assistance and help fund fish passage barrier corrections on state, local government, tribal and 

private ownerships.

Because of the strong link to ESA species recovery plans and TRAR issues, this action plan focuses on 

correcting man-made migration barriers for salmon and steelhead. Future iterations of the action plan 

will incorporate the need to correct migration barriers for resident fish.

2.2.1.1 Correct salmon and steelhead culvert fish passage barriers on National 

Forest System roads

There are 26 known fish passage culvert barriers that block passage for salmon and steelhead across 

forest roads within the Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie (MBS) and Olympic National Forests (OLY) (1 anadromous 

barrier on the OLY, 25 on the MBS). The barrier culverts limit accessibility and production from 

approximately 19 miles of anadromous streams (1.6 miles OLY, 17.5 miles MBS). The Forests are 

correcting culvert barriers by replacing the defective structures with appropriate fish passage designs or 

removing the structures permanently if they are no longer needed. Culvert barrier replacements are 

prioritized based on the amount of salmon and steelhead habitat that would be accessed and sites 

within identified Priority Watersheds. See Appendix F for a list of Forest Service culvert barrier 

correction priorities.

Lead Agency: USFS

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected Outcome: Over the next 5-year period we anticipate correcting and/or permanently removing 

8 fish passage barrier culverts on salmon and steelhead streams under current funding levels (1 barrier 

for the OLY, 7 for the MBS). 

Resources (subject to future appropriations): $1.2M/year is needed to correct the 26 identified salmon 

and steelhead culvert barriers within the 5-year period. Annual needs will vary depending on the specific 

projects selected. The Olympic and Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forests seek out funding to 

implement fish passage culvert barrier corrections through USFS Legacy Roads and Trails funding, 

Federal Lands Transportation Program (FLTP), grants, and partnerships. Only 1 culvert barrier correction 

is currently planned for funding with USFS Legacy Roads and Trails funding over the next three years.

Additional funding to accelerate important fish passage restoration accomplishments would increase 

the rate of barrier corrections. Accomplishments will be proportional to available funding and capacity 

to design and implement projects.
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2.2.1.2 Correct salmon and steelhead culvert fish passage barriers on National 

Park Service roads

There are 18 priority fish passage culvert barriers that block passage for salmon and steelhead within 

Olympic (OLYM), North Cascades (NOCA), and Rainier (MORA) National Parks (5 on OLYM, 4 on NOCA, 9 

on MORA). Altogether the 18 priority culverts limit accessibility and production from approximately 6.34

miles of anadromous streams on National Park Service units (5.64 miles OLYM, 0.2 miles NOCA, 0.5 

miles MORA). The parks are correcting culvert barriers by replacing the defective structures with 

appropriate fish passage designs as funding allows. Additional fish passage surveys are needed at OLYM 

where more than 100 culverts have been identified on fish-bearing streams in the park.

Lead Agency: NPS

Time Frame: Ongoing program with accomplishments over the next 10-year period

Expected Outcome: The NPS has submitted proposals to correct and/or permanently remove 13 fish 

passage barrier culverts on salmon and steelhead streams (4 at NOCA and 9 at MORA).

Resources (subject to future appropriations): $100K/year is needed to correct the 9 identified salmon 

and steelhead culvert barriers at MORA within the 5-year period. Additional resources will be needed to 

correct the barriers at OLYM and NOCA. Annual needs will vary depending on the specific projects 

selected. The National Park Service is pursuing funding to implement fish passage culvert barrier 

corrections provided through the Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act, Federal Lands 

Transportation Program (FLTP), the EPA’s Salmon Habitat Improvement Fund, and grants from the 

Washington State Salmon Recovery Funding Board. At this time, proposals have been submitted for 13 

culvert barrier corrections that could be completed over the next ten years. Additional funding to 

accelerate important fish passage restoration accomplishments will increase the rate of barrier 

corrections. Accomplishments will be proportional to available funding.

2.2.1.3 Correct salmon and steelhead culvert fish passage barriers on U.S. 

Navy property

Navy's Shelton to Bangor/Bremerton railroad (RR): Fish passage assessment of 53 culverts under the 

Navy's RR was completed (June 2015). Final report assesses barrier status, and calculates priority index 

scores for all 53 culverts using WDFW protocols; providing conceptual design and cost estimates for 

culvert repair/replacement for 36 highest priority barriers along the RR.

Naval Base Kitsap, Bangor: In 2015, the Navy completed construction of a 12-foot arched culvert to 

replace a fish blocking culvert which restored natural conditions to Devil's Hole Creek at Bangor. The 

culverts re-design and construction project restored access to ~5,500 linear feet of stream habitat to 

salmonid species.

Naval Station Everett – Jim Creek: In 2010, three damaged metal culverts on Jim Creek tributaries were 

replaced with concrete box culverts. Further design improvements to these three culverts could provide 

additional access of up to a total of 500 feet of stream for juvenile salmonids. An additional 500 feet of 

stream habitat for juvenile salmonids could also be made available through replacement of a fourth 

culvert on a small tributary of Jim Creek. 

Lead Agency: U.S. Navy

Time Frame: Ongoing program with accomplishments from FY 2017 - FY 2021
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Expected Outcome: The Navy will continue to evaluate and correct fish passage barrier culverts on 

salmon and steelhead streams on Navy property based on availability of funding. 

Resources (subject to future appropriations): The Navy is currently investigating how to fund culvert 

projects; however, all corrective actions are subject to the constraints of available resources (personnel, 

funds and equipment).

2.2.1.4 Design and construct improved fish passage at Mud Mountain Dam

Lead Agency: USACE

Time Frame: Project has been initiated. Anticipated operational facility by December 2020

Expected Outcome: New Operational Fish Passage Facility to pass up to 60,000 fish per day including ESA 

listed Chinook and Bull Trout in accordance with NOAA and USFWS Biological Opinions

Resources (subject to future appropriations): Total cost over $100M. Annual resource needs will vary

2.2.1.5 National Fish Passage Program 

Provide technical assistance on project development and funding for native fish and aquatic species 

barrier correction projects through National Fish Passage Program.

Lead Agency: USFWS

Time Frame: Ongoing program

Expected Outcome: The National Fish Passage Program (NFPP) is a voluntary program to restore native 

fish and other aquatic species to self-sustaining levels by reconnecting habitat that has been fragmented 

by man-made barriers. Fish passage projects restore unimpeded flows and fish movement by removing 

barriers or providing ways for aquatic species to bypass them. Projects are prioritized based upon the 

benefits to species and the geographical area. Typical projects include barrier culvert removal or 

replacement with a fish passable culvert or bridge and re-opening oxbow and off channel habitats. 

Typical funding amounts range from $50K to $100K with a minimum 25% cost share requested.

Preferred NFPP projects:

● Show demonstrable ecological benefits for Federal trust species.

● Exhibit permanence of fish passage benefits.

● Make use of the most current scientific knowledge and proven technology.

● Address objectives outlined in approved management plans.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): The Western Washington National Fish Passage Program 

typically receives $100K annually, dependent upon Congressional allocations.

2.2.1.6 Coastal Ecosystem Resiliency Through Community Based Restoration 

(NOAA Restoration Center)

Support salmon and steelhead barrier correction projects through Coastal Ecosystem Resiliency funding, 

Community Based Restoration

Lead Agency: NOAA 

Time Frame: Ongoing program for the next 3-5 years per Cooperative Agreements

Expected Outcome: Ecosystem and Community Functional Lift
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Resources (subject to future appropriations): $10 M National Competition Resiliency, $8M Communitybased Restoration National Competition

2.2.1.7 Salmon recovery efforts through local, state and regional organizations 

and the Salmon Recovery Funding Board (SRFB)

Lead Agency: NOAA 

Timeframe: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected Outcome: Habitat restoration projects, population assessments and monitoring, and fish 

passage projects including culvert upgrades per state and NMFS criteria.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): Washington’s award for FY16 was $18.5M

2.2.1.8 Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP)

EQIP is a voluntary program that provides financial and technical assistance to agricultural producers to 

plan and implement conservation practices that improve soil, water, plant, animal, air and related 

natural resources on agricultural land and non-industrial private forestland. EQIP may also help 

producers meet Federal, State, Tribal, and local environmental regulations. EQIP is available to 

agricultural producers who could receive a payments totaling no more than the 2014 Farm Bill limit of 

$450,000 per eligible landowner for conservation practice implementation.

Owners of land in agricultural or forest production or persons who are engaged in livestock, agricultural 

or forest production on eligible land and that have a natural resource concern on that land may apply to 

participate in EQIP. Eligible land includes cropland, rangeland, pastureland, non-industrial private 

forestland and other farm or ranch land.

Producer Eligibility:

● Be agricultural producer (person, Tribe, legal entity, or joint operation who has an interest in the 

agricultural operation, or who is engaged in agricultural production or forestry management).

● Control or own eligible land.

● Comply with adjusted gross income (AGI) for less than $900,000. Note: Federally recognized 

Native American Indian Tribes or Alaska Native corporations are exempt from the AGI payment 

limitations.

● Be in compliance with the highly erodible land and wetland conservation requirements.

● Develop an NRCS EQIP plan of operations with NRCS that addresses at least one natural 

resource concern.

Lead Agency: NRCS

Time Frame: Ongoing program through the current Farm Bill which will expire in 2018.

Expected Outcome: At current funding levels, average of 10 miles of stream habitat opened for each 

year of dedicated Farm Bill Program funding. 

Resources (subject to future appropriations): A combined total of $5.5M dedicated financial assistance 

for salmon recovery received for 3 years (2012, 2013, & 2016) in Puget Sound with additional funding 

requested for FY17. 
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2.2.1.9 Salmon and steelhead barrier correction projects on Federal-aid

eligible roadways

Lead Agency: FHWA 

Time Frame: The Federal-aid program is funded through 2020. WSDOT’s program of fish barrier 

removals includes FHWA funding along with substantial state funding. WSDOT’s 6-year Fish Passage Plan 

is posted on their website, and is based on $258M of state and Federal funding. WSDOT’s target is 

removing 30-40 fish barriers per year.

Expected Outcome: Removal of fish barriers in Washington State, in particular the 818 barriers identified 

in the Tribal lawsuit injunction for removal by 2030.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): Washington State receives over $600M in Federal-aid 

Highway funding annually. Additional Emergency Relief funds are provided in response to natural 

disasters. Projects are chosen by WSDOT and local public agencies to address safety and capacity needs 

on the highway and ferry systems. FHWA exercises oversight over the Federal-aid Highway program. 

2.2.1.10 Fish passage barrier correction projects on roads that access Federal 

and Tribal lands and on roads owned by Federal and Tribal entities

(WFLHD)

Lead Agency: FHWA 

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected Outcome: Removal of fish barriers on Federal, Tribal and publicly-owned land. Specific projects 

are chosen by the federal land management agencies, states, and tribes

Resources (subject to future appropriations): The Federal Lands Transportation Program (FLTP) is an 

available funding source for federally owned routes. The Federal Lands Access Program (FLAP) is an 

available funding source for a public road or transit system that is located on, is adjacent to, or provides 

access to Federal lands, for which title or maintenance responsibility is vested in a State, county, town, 

township, tribal, municipal, or local government. The Tribal Transportation Program (TTP) is an available 

funding source for tribal owned and tribal designated publically owned roads. FLTP projects compete for 

funding nationwide. FLAP projects compete for funding within the state (approximately $13M annually 

in Washington State). TTP projects are designated by the tribes.

2.2.1.11 Pre-disaster hazard mitigation and post-disaster recovery/mitigation 

fish passage related actions requested by applicants

Lead Agency: FEMA 

Time Frame: Ongoing with disaster declarations and other grant programs that are not dependent on 

disaster declarations.

Expected Outcome: Recover from impacts of disasters and prepare for possible disasters via increasing 

resiliency, while mitigating for any adverse impacts from the proposed actions that FEMA has been 

requested to fund. FEMA can help support fish passage barrier removal priorities via apprising state 

agencies and other partners of planned actions to be funded via FEMA so that: a) others can potentially 

seek additional support from other entities to repair or replace with an alternate structure (i.e. a 

betterment); or b) change priorities for other funding based on knowledge of what FEMA plans to fund. 
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Resources (subject to future appropriations): Varies annually based on disaster declarations and on 

budgets allocated for those grants that are not dependent on disaster declarations.

2.2.1.12 Collaborate with State Fish Passage Removal Board (FPRB)

Collaborate with FPRB to help prioritize and fund fish passage projects.

Lead/Coordinating Agencies: NOAA and USFWS / NRCS, FHWA, USFS

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected Outcome: Collaborating with the State FPRB to identify priority fish passage projects and 

aligning Federal grant programs to consider FRRB priority projects, to the extent feasible, will maximize 

the potential resource benefits within the available funding.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): See actions 2.1.1.6 through 2.1.1.11 above
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2.2.2 Protect and restore floodplains, and in-stream and riparian habitat

The Puget Sound Action Agenda contains recovery targets for floodplains, riparian and in-stream 

habitat, and functioning floodplains, riparian areas and in-stream habitat are critical for recovery of ESA 

listed, treaty protected salmonids. A regional floodplain strategy (Floodplain Implementation Strategy) 

has been developed by Washington State that includes federal programs, but federal engagement has 

been limited in the development of that strategy. Though federal engagement has been limited in the 

development of the Floodplain Implementation Strategy, federal agencies are coordinating through 

projects and programs to address floodplain and riparian protection and recovery in key geographic 

areas. The following actions include new federal engagement on strategies for floodplain, riparian and 

in-stream habitat conservation, ongoing programs that are critical to ensuring functioning floodplains 

and riparian areas and in stream habitat and collaborative approaches with local entities and tribes to 

achieve recovery goals.

2.2.2.1 Engage with Washington State to support and update the Floodplains 

Implementation Strategy 

The Washington State Implementation Strategy is an integrated federal, state, tribal, local approach to 

accelerate progress towards the floodplain vital sign target in the Puget Sound Action Agenda. 

Lead/Coordinating Agencies: EPA/USACE, NRCS, FEMA

Time Frame: FY 2016 and FY 2017

Expected outcome: A coordinated state and federal floodplains implementation strategy. 

Resources (subject to future appropriations): FTE to participate in meetings. The combined estimated 

cost for reducing flood risk and restoring salmon habitat over the next 10 to 20 years is over $3 billion, 

with approximately $2.2 billion associated with flood risk reduction projects and $120 M/year 

associated with salmon recovery to define federal role in elements of the implementation strategy. 

2.2.2.2 Convene work group to coordinate riparian science, and corridor 

protection and restoration

Federal agencies will coordinate with state agencies, tribes and others on riparian buffer science, 

collaborate with state agencies, tribes and others on an approach to riparian corridor protection and 

restoration, and will explore a demonstration project for the approach.

Lead/Coordinating Agencies: EPA / NRCS, NOAA

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2018, possibly through FY 2021

Expected Outcome: Collaborative approach to riparian protection and restoration including a 

demonstration project for riparian reach scale protection and restoration.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): .1 - .2 FTE/Agency

2.2.2.3 Reach scale planning and riparian easements and restoration in 

priority stream reaches

Lead/Coordinating Agencies: EPA / NRCS, NOAA

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021
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Expected Outcome: Target will be updated based on pilot year. Current target is eight reach scale 

projects and eight landowner agreements for riparian easements completed annually resulting in 

protected stream buffers and landowner collaboration. 

Resources (subject to future appropriations): $3.0M Puget Sound Geographic Funds pass through to 

Washington State

2.2.2.4 Assist state and local partners in completing the development of a 

floodplain mapping and prioritization tool

Defining the extent and condition of Puget Sound floodplains for the purpose of guiding and tracking 

progress toward Puget Sound’s floodplain protection and restoration objectives is an ongoing effort that 

needs additional input and refinement from relevant federal programs. The current data sets are not 

very accurate and the resulting analysis is coarse. More precision is needed at the local and reach scales 

in order to assess specific opportunities to meaningfully contribute towards recovery of local floodplain 

functions across the Puget Sound basin.

Lead Agencies: USGS, USFWS

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2018

Expected Outcome: This project will ultimately establish maps, and function/degradation criteria and 

performance metrics that will be critical to floodplain restoration and protection programs as they 

develop and evaluate projects for their likelihood to make progress towards the recovery targets 

essential to Puget Sound recovery. 

Resources (subject to future appropriations): $300K, FTE to participate in technical meetings

2.2.2.5 Improve community resilience through climate change science, 

modeling, and response

Lead Agency/ Coordinating Agencies: NOAA / EPA, others

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected Outcome: Continue and expand support for climate change modeling and resiliency planning 

and implementation, including agricultural and fisheries sciences. Expand watershed based modeling 

tools such the Coastal Resilience planning tool (The Nature Conservancy) by funding local agencies and 

non-profits, and dedicating federal staff time for collaborative efforts. Continue and expand agricultural 

research for climate change resilience.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): TBD

2.2.2.6 Continue to implement the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) 

Jeopardy Biological Opinion (BiOp) for Puget Sound

The NFIP BiOp affects 122 communities in the Puget Sound region that participate in the NFIP.

Lead Agencies: FEMA, NOAA

Time Frame: Ongoing
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Expected Outcome: Continue public outreach and technical assistance, hold four annual workshops for 

participating communities, continue NOAA participation in Community Assistance Visits, complete 

annual BiOp implementation report, continue technical assistance for Habitat Assessment review, 

continue to improve guidance documents, continue to encourage “Door 2” compliance option.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): 2.0 FTE FEMA, 0.5 FTE NOAA

2.2.2.7 Improve community resilience by increasing incentives to move 

development away from high risk areas also important to 

recovery/FEMA subprogram to encourage beneficial functions

Lead Agency: FEMA

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected Outcome: FEMA will examine Community Rating System (CRS) Credits to determine where 

enhancements can be made to provide incentives or better advertise incentives offered through the CRS 

Program to communities that conduct creditable activities (I.e. preservation of open space, acquisition 

projects, etc.) that lead to more resilient communities. FEMA has already produced a document that 

highlights current activities (as of the 2007 CRS Coordinators Manual): 

https://www.fema.gov/pdf/about/regions/regionx/nfip_esa_guidance_docs/crs_credit_for_habitat_pro

tection_final.pdf. This document will be updated over the next year to reflect changes made in the 2013 

CRS Coordinators Manual. The document will then be presented to the CRS Task Force for adoption.

FEMA will then socialize the document and produce additional guidance propaganda to accompany the 

document focused on local communities taking action.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): TBD

2.2.2.8 Support Salmon Recovery

Support updates of Puget Sound Chinook watershed chapters and completion and implementation of 

the Puget Sound Steelhead Recovery Plan. Engage with Watershed, Lead Entity recovery planning 

strategies to identify and develop essential actions for salmon and steelhead recovery. Incorporate 

other federal agency planning mechanisms, such as the Puget Sound Partnership Chinook 

Implementation Strategy and the US Forest Service Watershed Condition Framework into informing and 

supporting in-stream habitat improvements.

Lead Agency/Coordinating Agencies: NOAA / NRCS, USFS, USDOT, USFWS, EPA

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected Outcome: Improvement in habitat limiting factors by enhancing channel and floodplain form 

and function, increasing channel complexity for spawning and cover, creating off-channel habitats for 

juveniles, improving channel and floodplain stability for water quality and alleviating impacts from nonnative fishes or other aquatic and riparian species. Improving in-stream habitat will enhance salmon and 

steelhead trout populations throughout the Puget Sound where streams and rivers have been highly 

modified but are still essential to the species survival. In-stream habitat restoration actions will occur on 

various federal, state and private ownerships.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): Support for Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund, $65M in 

FY 2016 (NOAA). Sustain funding for Puget Sound Coastal Program (USFWS), Wetlands Reserve 

Easements Program (NRCS). Federal programs, such as the Federal Lands Transportation Program 

(FLTP), Federal Lands Access Program (FLAP) and the Tribal Transportation Program (TTP) can fund in-
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stream habitat enhancement connected to environmental concerns of conducting actions like road 

repair or reconstruction. There are large-scale in-stream projects associated with the Puget Sound 

habitat strategic initiative where funding needs are equal to or greater than $2M.

2.2.2.9 Continue to implement the Agricultural Conservation Easement 

Program (ACEP)

ACEP provides financial and technical assistance to help conserve agricultural lands and wetlands and 

their related benefits. Under the Agricultural Land Easements (ALE) component, NRCS helps American 

Indian tribes, state and local governments and non-governmental organizations protect working 

agricultural lands and limit non-agricultural uses of the land. Under ALE, NRCS provides a portion of the 

acquisition cost to an eligible partner entity. Under the Wetlands Reserve Easements (WRE) component, 

NRCS helps to restore, protect and enhance enrolled wetlands. Under WRE, NRCS provides 100% of the 

funding for easement acquisition and restoration cost. 

Lead Agency: NRCS

Time Frame: Ongoing program through the current Farm Bill which will expire in 2018. It is expected that 

ACEP will be reauthorized in the next Farm Bill.

Expected Outcome: WRE can remove fish barriers in estuary wetland areas through the removal and 

replacement or full removal of non-fish friendly tide gates. It is also possible to remove sea levees and 

set them back away from the tidal fringe areas. ALE priority for funding will protect or enhance 

threatened and/or endangered species if identified in the development of the conservation plan that 

will be tied to the easement.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): $1.8M annually Statewide for ALE easements and almost 

$1M available for WRE acquisition and wetland restoration practice implementation. 

2.2.2.10 Resource Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP)

RCPP promotes coordination between NRCS and its partners to deliver conservation assistance to 

producers and landowners. NRCS provides assistance to producers through partnership agreements and 

through program contracts or easement agreements. The NRCS contribution is a portion of the total 

project cost for technical and financial assistance. Partner match leverages NRCS Farm Bill program 

dollars.

Lead Agency: NRCS

Time Frame: Ongoing program through the current Farm Bill which will expire in 2018.

Expected Outcome: New partnerships for FY 2017 with Regional Conservation Partnership Program 

(RCPP) including $1.5 million with the Whatcom Conservation District and the Washington Department 

of Fish and Wildlife. Additional partnerships could be secured dependent on Partner proposal 

application process. 

Resources (subject to future appropriations): FY 2017 Proposals have already been submitted and 

funded. FY 2018 should be announced sometime during the summer of 2017.

2.2.2.11 NOAA Community-based Restoration Program (CRP)

Through strategic application of technical assistance and funding in target locations, CRP aims to remove 

barriers to restoration and stewardship of the nation’s fisheries, and increase the economic and 

ecological resilience of coastal communities.
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Lead Agency: NOAA

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021, ongoing.

Expected Outcome: Acres of habitat restored, Volunteer hours, and Community benefit measures

Resources (subject to future appropriations): Ongoing appropriations

2.2.2.12 Natural resource damage assessment (NRDA)

Under authority of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, 42 

U.S.C. §§ 9601 et seq. (“CERCLA”) and other laws, federal, state, and tribal governments collaborate to 

form a natural resource trustee council to: assess and quantify injuries to natural resources from oil 

spills or releases of hazardous substances at particular sites; pursue damages claims against potentially 

responsible parties (“PRPs”) through negotiation or litigation; and restore habitats to make the public 

whole. Federal agencies should develop a mechanism for responding to concerns that nationwide 

guidance or policy unnecessarily restricts the ability of Trustees to reach settlements with PRPs at sites 

in the Puget Sound region, particularly where tribal treaty resources are affected. This approach could 

expedite implementation of NRD restoration projects that address Puget Sound priorities, particularly in 

cases where opportunities exist to coordinate remedial (cleanup) activities concurrently with NRD 

restoration project implementation.

Lead Agencies: NOAA, USFWS

Time Frame: Settlement timing varies by case.

Expected Outcome: Acres of habitat restored or value of damages recovered. Settlement negotiations 

underway at Port Angeles Harbor, Port Gamble Bay, and Port Gardiner sites.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): Ongoing appropriations. Funding for restoration projects 

and Trustee participation provided by PRPs through settlement or adjudication.

2.2.2.13 Support integrated floodplain corridor project planning and 

implementation

Support, encourage, and engage in integrated corridor project planning and implementation that 

increases floodplain connectivity, improves agriculture viability, improves instream and riparian habitat, 

and increases the flood resilience of communities. Support planning, engineering, and project 

implementation. Provide funding for professional facilitators; local, state, tribal, and federal staffing; 

stipend or grant money for participating farmers/agricultural representative in support of 

initiatives/forums/planning entities that focus of multiple benefit projects (e.g. Snohomish County 

Sustainable Lands Strategy, Snoqualmie Farm, Fish, and Flood Initiative, Skagit Tidegate and Fish 

Initiative, Floodplains by Design).

Lead/Coordinating Agencies: NOAA, USFWS, NRCS / FEMA, USACE, USDOT, CEQ

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected Outcome: Collaborative watershed planning and implementation, increased funding leverage 

through coordinated investments, maintained and improved agricultural viability, improved ecological 

function and habitat quality, and restored floodplains through integrated, watershed-wide strategies, 

funding and project implementation. Successful implementation of integrated projects for the benefit of 

farms, fish, and flood requires buy-in and collaboration from farmers, tribes, community members, and 

resources agencies.
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Providing support for professional facilitators, agency staffing at local, state, and federal level, and 

stipend or grant money for participating farmers or agricultural representatives will increase the success 

of watershed scale planning efforts and lead to faster implementation of better projects.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): FTE, funding 

2.2.2.14 Collaborate with tribes, and state and local organizations to govern the

Snohomish Coordinated Investment (CI) Initiative

The CI initiative aims to improve state and federal business practices to accelerate ecosystem recovery 

and integrate the local, state and federal authorities over habitat restoration, farmland and water 

supply protection, and flood hazard mitigation that overlap within local communities. We are 

developing a structure for increasing information flow between local actors, and the governments that 

affect their operating environment, based on “Lean” business practices. Projects were identified as 

feasible proof of concept efforts by local, state, tribal and federal partners, including: A floodplain 

management forum, Snohomish County regulatory coordination, and funding coordination actions.

Lead Agency/Collaborating Agencies: NOAA/other federal agencies

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected Outcome: This action will insure cross agency collaboration on three high value actions that 

require interaction between the Federal Task Force, Results Washington Goal Council, and the Puget 

Sound Ecosystem Coordination Board.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): Coordination and collaboration are already the mandate of 

named institutions 

2.2.2.15 Coordinate with state and local partners on the Floodplain 

Management Forum

Floodplain management affects multiple state and federal agencies address to flood hazards, with 

impacts critical habitats, food security and public infrastructure. A short lived technical work group will 

evaluate how federal and state activities and assets could better support multiple-benefit floodplain 

projects.

Lead Agencies: NOAA, FEMA 

Time Frame: Complete in FY 2017

Expected Outcome: This effort will investigate how programs at the federal, state, and local level, that all 

affect flood hazard management, and can support large floodplain projects that provide diverse benefits 

to communities. Areas targeted by the local Snohomish Sustainable Lands Strategy will be used as a test 

of concept, with support from innovative floodplain managers from nearby watersheds, and the 

Floodplains by Design partnership. 

Resources (subject to future appropriations): 0.50 FTE or equivalent over 2 years, to serve as liaison 

between federal agencies and local partners would strengthen follow through
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2.2.2.16 Test Improvements in funding coordination (Coordinated Investment 

Initiative)

Three tasks are anticipated to accelerate local projects and reduce costs: 1) defining a project budget 

structure that allows project managers to reduce administrative waste when managing multiple state 

and federal grants, 2) maintaining a federal and state funding opportunity schedule to support multibenefit projects, and 3) evaluating process inefficiencies when using federal, state and local funds to 

acquire properties that lead to multi-benefit projects.

Lead /Coordinating Agencies: NOAA / USDA, FEMA, USFWS, EPA

Time Frame: First two tasks complete in 2017, perhaps delayed by limited capacity

Indicator of Success: 1) Draft project budget and task structure for Leque Island to support combined 

funding, 2) State-Federal multi-benefit project funding schedule and update mechanism

Resources (subject to future appropriations): 0.5 FTE Federal funding liaison to the State Water and 

Salmon Grant Coordination Group would accelerate implementation.

2.2.2.17 Skokomish River Ecosystem Restoration Project

Complete the design and construction phases of this large project.

Lead Agencies: USACE, NRCS

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected Outcome: Completion of over 275 acres of riverine and nearshore restoration, restore yearround fish passage to the South Fork Skokomish River. NRCS will support implementation phase where 

existing program authority allows.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): 65% Federal share of $20M in partnership with the 

Skokomish Tribe and Mason County, annual resource needs will vary.

2.2.2.18 Green/Duwamish River Ecosystem Project

Authorized in WRDA 2000, this ecosystem restoration construction authority covers approximately 45 

discrete restoration sites, of which 7 have been constructed under this authority. Additional restoration 

sites are ready to proceed with design and construction once cost control questions have been 

addressed.

Lead Agency: USACE

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021 (3- 5 years per project)

Expected outcome: Continued completion of discrete restoration actions under this authority to include 

potential stream, floodplain and nearshore restoration.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): 65% Federal share in partnership with King County and 

various local governments, annual resource needs will vary
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2.2.2.19 Dungeness River Ecosystem Restoration Feasibility Study in 

partnership with the Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe

Feasibility study of restoration opportunities in the lower 12 miles of the Dungeness River.

Lead Agencies: USACE EPA, NRCS, NOAA

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2019

Expected Outcome: Completion of feasibility study, agency approval of recommended plan, and request 

for new construction authorization from Congress

Resources (subject to future appropriations): 50% Federal share of $3M study in partnership with the 

Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe.

2.2.2.20 Establish reliable relationships between stream flow levels and fish 

habitat 

Establish reliable relationships between stream flow levels and fish habitat for key fish species and life 

stages in watersheds where this technical work has not already been conducted. In watersheds where 

reliable relationships between stream flow and fish habitat exist, engage with state and tribal partners 

on federally reserved instream flow water rights for tribal governments. 

Lead Agency: BIA

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected Outcome: Data on instream flow and fish habitats.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): TBD
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2.2.3 Nearshore Habitat and Estuaries 

Nearshore and estuarine habitats are some of the most productive ecosystems on earth. Freshwater 

from Western Washington rivers flow into salty waters of Puget Sound to form a nutrient-rich soup that 

nourishes plankton and plants, which in turn, nourish oysters, clams, crabs, salmon, and birds. Estuaries

also serve as buffers to protect shorelines from erosion and flooding, and filter pollutants to improve 

water quality. Nearshore habitats provide nursery and feeding grounds for numerous ecologically and 

economically valuable fish and shellfish species. These habitats are particularly vulnerable to land use 

and development pressures. Puget Sound nearshore habitats and estuaries have not been spared from 

the pressures of rapid population and economic growth, which is expected to increase in the decades to 

come. The following actions were identified as priorities to help move the needle toward recovery of 

these habitats over the next five years. Updates to these actions will occur each year as new 

information is revealed from research and monitoring of existing projects and programs.

2.2.3.1 Puget Sound Nearshore Ecosystem Restoration Project (PSNERP)

PSNERP offers a unique opportunity to tackle large-scale habitat restoration based upon a 

comprehensive science-based assessment of Puget Sound. Three projects have been chosen to move 

forward with the design phase in three major river deltas/estuaries.

Lead Agency: USACE

Time Frame: Design and initiate construction of first of 3 authorized sites by FY21. 

Expected Outcome: Completion of over 2,100 acres of nearshore restoration at 3 sites (Nooksack River 

Delta, the North Fork Skagit Delta, and the Duckabush River Estuary), including removal of nearly 28,860 

linear feet of shoreline stressors.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): 65% Federal share of $452M project overall in partnership 

with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, annual resource needs will vary.

2.2.3.2 Puget Sound Master Plan implementation of projects from the Corps’ 

Puget Sound Restoration Tiered Implementation Strategy, as 

established by the Puget Sound Nearshore Ecosystem 

Restoration Study

This includes an additional 21 projects under other Corps’ authorities (Puget Sound and Adjacent Waters

(§544), Continuing Authorities Program (§206), and General Investigations)

Lead Agency: USACE

Time Frame: Ongoing (3-5 years per project) - A subset of the 21 projects could be completed in the 5-

year timeframe of this Action Plan

Expected Outcome: Completion of nearly 6,000 acres of nearshore restoration

Resources (subject to future appropriations): 50-65% Federal share for each $5-$15M project depending 

on the project phase, annual resource needs will vary
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2.2.3.3 Estuary Restoration Act Projects

Continue to promote a coordinated Federal approach to estuary habitat restoration by forging effective 

partnerships among public agencies and between the public and private sectors by providing financial 

and technical assistance for smaller estuary habitat restoration projects (under $1M) and to develop and 

enhance monitoring and research capabilities.

Lead Agencies: USACE, NOAA, EPA, USFWS, USDA

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected Outcome: Restoration of smaller estuary habitat projects that may not rise to the funding level 

with other funding sources.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): Annual project-specific requirements will vary

2.2.3.4 Snohomish Estuary Restoration Evaluation

Federal, state and local partners are investing approximately $60M to restore 1400 acres of the 

Snohomish Estuary, 30% of the recovery target. An ad hoc unfunded effort by federal, tribal, state, and 

local partners is positioned to verify how this effort is affecting endangered salmon populations.

Lead Agencies: NOAA, USGS

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected Outcome: Quantification of the population effects of restoration

Resources (subject to future appropriations): $200K/year

2.2.3.5 Puget Sound Coastal Program

Support habitat restoration on any ownership, generally in tidally influenced/coastal areas. Limited 

ability to help with assessment and acquisition

Lead Agency: USFWS

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected Outcome: Feet/Acre/Mile naturally functioning nearshore habitat

Resources (subject to future appropriations): ~$250K /year. Usually fund 4-5 projects/year with most 

funding decisions made in January-February

2.2.3.6 National Coastal Wetland Conservation Grant Program

Assist state agencies with acquisition (fee or easement), or restoration of coastal wetlands and adjacent 

uplands. Nationally competitive, but Puget Sound proposals have historically competed very well.

Lead Agency: USFWS

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected outcome: Acres of nationally or regionally declining coastal wetlands protected/restored

Resources (subject to future appropriations): +$20M nationally. Up to $1M per project. Applications due 

in June, decision announced Dec.-Jan.
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2.2.3.7 National Fish Passage Program

Restore native fish and other aquatic species to self-sustaining levels by reconnecting habitat. Priority 

based upon the benefits to species and the geographical area.

Lead Agency: USFWS

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected outcome: Miles/Acres reopened to aquatic species

Resources (subject to future appropriations): $15 - $80K per project. Applications due November 15 

annually

2.2.3.8 Protection of ESA habitat landward of the Corps’ Clean Water Act 

jurisdictional boundary

Consider options in coordination with federal and state partners that may be implemented to protect 

ESA species and habitat in the upper intertidal zone. 

Lead Agencies/Coordinating Agency: NOAA, EPA/USACE

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2020

Expected outcome: Coordinated consideration for options to protect ESA habitat and species.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): 1-2 FTEs/year in the beginning of the coordination process

2.2.3.9 Coastal Improvement Team 

Increase federal support for additional pilots for green infrastructure (e.g., green/living shorelines) in 

support of enhanced coastal resiliency and habitat.

Lead Agencies: EPA, NOAA

Time Frame: Set up team in FY 2017 and continue through FY 2020.

Expected outcome: Increased education and awareness by shoreline property owners of the implications 

of hard shoreline armoring. Increased bulkhead removal and restoration projects as well as increased 

living shoreline protection methods.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): 0.5 FTE/year/agency

2.2.3.10 2017 Nationwide Permit Regional Conditions

Revise regional general and specific conditions for bank stabilization, if necessary, based on results of 

cumulative impacts analysis in Puget Sound

Lead Agencies: USACE, EPA, NOAA

Time Frame: 3 months (March 2017)

Expected outcome: Appropriate regional conditions that are based on consideration of the cumulative 

impacts of bank stabilization in Puget Sound

Resources (subject to future appropriations): No additional resources needed at this time
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2.2.3.11 HPA enforcement, SMA implementation and permitting

Support state agencies regarding HPA enforcement, SMA implementation, streamlined permitting of 

restoration projects and other strategies to increase shoreline management effectiveness, including 

developing a definition for No Net Loss of ecological function. 

Lead Agencies/Cooperating agency: EPA, NOAA/NRCS

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2020

Expected outcome: coordinated implementation and enforcement of state laws, a clear, scientificallybased definition of No Net Loss of ecological function for the Shoreline Management Guidelines 

implemented by the Department of Ecology and local governments.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): Existing staff time + 0.25FTE/agency for the first two years
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2.3 Stormwater

Effectively manage stormwater to minimize impact to natural resources

Stormwater pollution is a major water quality and water quantity challenge for Puget Sound. It takes 

relatively little traditional impervious surface (as little as 5-8% of a watershed’s area) to result in 

significant degradation to the physical, chemical and biological processes in our streams and nearshore 

areas, processes critical to the functional health of Puget Sound. As a water quality issue, stormwater 

requires our dedicated attention if we are to protect our local watersheds and the aquatic resources and 

beneficial uses vital to the communities of this region, including:

 Maintaining recreational uses of our streams, rivers and beaches;

 Protecting our salmon runs, shellfish harvests, and up the food web to Orca;

 Protecting drinking water sources for downstream communities; 

 Reducing downstream flooding, stream scour and erosion.

The actions below include support for research and direct capital improvements, planning and 

prioritizing efforts to ensure targeted enhancements and improvements, as well as leveraging and 

execution of existing federal authorities to ensure maximum environmental protection.

2.3.1 Implement research advancing practical solutions for stormwater 

management

Areas of focus include understanding the toxic effects of stormwater on salmonid populations and the 

effectiveness of green infrastructure.

Lead Agency: EPA

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected outcome: Successful execution of Interagency Agreements guided by results of previous 

scientific findings.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): $500K in federal funding annually over next five years

2.3.2 Facilitate and support effective storm water management on Federal 

and Tribal lands/facilities under EPA’s Clean Water Act jurisdiction

Use direct implementation and existing oversight authorities, funding incentives, collaboration, and 

other tools.

Lead Agency/Coordinating Agencies: EPA/ NOAA, USFWS, US Navy, US Army

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected outcome: EPA’s completion of all required National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System 

(NPDES) storm water discharge permits for regulated Department of Defense and Tribal areas within the 

urbanized portion of the Puget Sound basin. Work includes the completion of all associated Endangered 

Species Act consultations (using biological thresholds identified by NOAA stormwater research) required 

for the issuance of such federal NPDES MS4 permits within EPA’s CWA jurisdiction, and engages other 

neighboring local jurisdictions where necessary. 
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Resources (subject to future appropriations): 1 – 2 FTE/year, in the form of permitting and technical staff 

at EPA, and USFWS/NOAA to complete permit development and technical analysis, including 

appropriate coordination, negotiation, and consultation with all regulated entities. ~$250,000/year in 

grants or discretionary funding to assist regulated Tribal governments within the Urbanized Area with 

capacity development and implementation of their local storm water management program.

2.3.3 Stormwater treatment as part of transportation projects 

US DOT funds many projects which treat stormwater runoff from previously untreated impervious 

surfaces, or improve existing stormwater treatment to current standards.

All Federally-funded transportation projects must meet applicable stormwater standards. Federal-aid 

projects managed by the FHWA Washington Division in Washington State comply with WSDOT’s 

Highway Runoff Manual, which has been determined by the Washington Department of Ecology to be 

equivalent to Ecology’s Stormwater Manual

Lead Agencies: FHWA, FTA

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected Outcome: Improvement in water quality in Puget Sound watersheds through improved 

stormwater treatment for existing impervious surfaces. 

Resources (subject to future appropriations): Washington State receives approximately $600M in 

Federal-aid highway funds per year. Projects are chosen by WSDOT and local public agencies to address 

safety and capacity needs on the highway and ferry systems. FTA spends at least $100M per year on 

capital projects. Most of these projects include some kind of stormwater treatment, and most treat 

some amount of runoff from existing pavement as well as all runoff from new pavement. 

2.3.4 Refine and implement Stormwater Retrofit Prioritization Methodology

Document an approach for evaluating and ranking retrofit projects based on both environmental impact 

(with respect to Stormwater Implementation Strategies in the Action Agenda) and cost effectiveness. 

Lead Agency: EPA

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected Outcome: Completed Stormwater Retrofit Prioritization Methodology available and applied 

basin-wide, which ultimately will generate a ranked list to help in any future funding decisions.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): Combined 1 FTE from multiple team members over a fiveyear period

2.3.5 Regional Stormwater Monitoring Program (RSMP)

Continued support (in-kind match) for RSMP scientific research. Continued membership of federal 

caucus of RSMP. Develop recommendations for a monitoring strategy specific to agricultural runoff. 

Lead/Coordinating Agencies: EPA, USGS/ FWS, NRCS, NOAA

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected Outcome: Fully staffed federal caucus (three representatives), maximum use of USGS 

Cooperative Matching Funds, finalized recommendations package for agricultural runoff monitoring 

presented to RSMP.
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Resources (subject to future appropriations): ~0.25 annual FTE total, minimum $100K federal funding 

annually

2.3.6 Support Source Control Programs

Federal support is needed to ban or regulate toxic products, such as pesticides in lawn-applied 

fertilizers. Expanded federal investment in the Puget Sound Local Source Control Partnership helps 

support pollution prevention specialists that bring technical knowledge of hazardous waste and 

stormwater management to the doorstep of small businesses. 

Lead Agency: EPA

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected Outcome: Successful execution of Interagency Agreements guided by results of previous 

scientific findings.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): $300K federal funding annually over next five years

2.3.7 Coordinate to support state development of water quality guidance for 

nonpoint sources on agricultural lands

Coordinate to support state development of water quality guidance for nonpoint sources on agricultural 

lands 

Lead/ Coordinating Agencies: EPA/ NRCS, NOAA

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected Outcome: Share technical information with State on water quality protection based on federal 

studies, research, and expertise.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): one FTE annually
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2.4 Federal Lands and Facilities

2.4.1 Decommission and stabilize National Forest System roads

There are 1,425 miles of forest roads on the Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie and Olympic National Forests that 

pose high risk to aquatic resources based on the recently completed Sustainable Roads Strategies (426 

miles OLY, 999 miles MBS). The Forests are decommissioning unneeded roads and implementing 

corrective actions to stabilize roads in Priority Watersheds. See Appendix E for a list of Forest Service 

road decommissioning, storage, and stabilization project priorities.

Lead Agency: USFS

Time Frame: Ongoing program with accomplishments over the next 5-year period

Expected Outcome: Over the next 3-year period we anticipate decommissioning and/or storing 30 miles 

of roads that pose high risk to aquatic resources under current funding levels (6 miles OLY, 24 miles 

MBS). Priority watersheds for restoration include the Dungeness River, Suiattle River, Upper White 

River/ Greenwater River, and NF Nooksack River. As road restoration work is completed in the existing 

priority watersheds, new priority watersheds will be identified. 

Resources (subject to future appropriations): $880,000/year would be needed to complete the identified 

road treatments in Priority Watersheds within the 5-year period. Annual needs would vary depending 

on the specific projects selected. The Olympic and Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forests anticipate 

receiving approximately $430,000 in USFS Legacy Roads and Trails funding over the next three years to 

implement road decommissioning and road stabilization projects. Additional funding to accelerate 

important restoration of road derived impairments to water quality and fisheries habitat will be sought 

through grants and partnerships. Accomplishments will be proportional to available funding and our 

capacity to plan, design, and implement projects.

As restoration work is completed in the current priority watersheds and moves into new priority 

watersheds there will be a need for additional resources to develop collaborative restoration action 

plans, complete watershed-scale road assessments and NEPA documents, and design appropriate 

corrections so they can be implemented on-the-ground. Specific projects to address the highest-priority 

problems will be identified at that time.

2.4.2 Protect aquatic habitat on National Forest System lands

Continue to implement Forest Plans and the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) Aquatic Conservation 

Strategy to protect and restore aquatic resources.

Lead Agency: USFS

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2020 / ongoing

Expected Outcome: Over the next 5-year period increase the National Watershed Condition Framework 

score from “At Risk” to “Fully Functioning” for 2 watersheds (1 watershed each for the OLY and the 

MBS). Over 80% of management activities would meet Best Management Practices.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): $1.2 M/year. The Olympic and Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie 

National Forests are managed under their respective Forest Plans and the NWFP Aquatic Conservation 

Strategy. Appropriated agency funds provide support for aquatic specialists to provide input and 

monitor activities effecting aquatic habitats. The capacity of Forests to monitor watershed conditions, 

develop partnerships, and implement restoration projects will be proportional to the funding available.
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2.5 Vessel Traffic and Pollution Prevention and Response

Three pillars of the U.S. Coast Guard’s Marine Safety and Environmental Protection missions are 

Prevention, Preparedness, and Response. The Coast Guard’s Marine Safety mission ensure commercial 

vessels, both foreign and domestic, transit U.S. waters safely and are environmentally sound. While the 

health of our Nation’s waters and marine resources is vital to our economy, our waterways are also an 

economic highway essential to the Nation’s access to several billion tons of foreign and domestic freight 

annually. The Coast Guard works closely with state and local authorities, tribal governments, waterways 

stakeholders and private industry, as well as with international organizations, such as the IMO, to 

protect U.S. interests and balance equities across the maritime domain. The U.S. Coast Guard works 

collaboratively with the Canadian Coast Guard in support of vessel traffic management and in support of 

the Canadian/United States Joint Response Team to identify the specific processes whereby both Coast 

Guards communicate, consult and coordinate vessel traffic management and the ability to respond to 

discharge or threat of discharge of pollution into the contiguous waters of interest of both Canada and 

the United States. An integrated Coast Guard approach to safety, environmental protection, waterways 

management and maritime security ensures the long-term success of the global maritime transportation 

system.

2.5.1 Utilize flexibility within the ERFO program 

Utilize flexibility within the ERFO program to improve structure performance and meet current 

standards when repairing or replacing flood damaged structures on federal and tribal owned roads and 

on publically owned roads on the National Tribal Transportation Inventory

Lead Agencies: FHWA, USFS

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2020 / ongoing

Expected Outcome: Emergency Relief funds cover construction of replacement structures that meet 

current standards as an accepted practice when replacing flood damaged structures on State and county 

roads with Emergency Relief funds, as opposed to only funding replacement to a level that meets out of 

date standards. Providing similar flexibility when replacing flood damaged structures on National Forest 

System roads with ERFO funds would improve structure performance, reduce stream impacts and 

potential fish passage concerns, and reduce the potential for the same site to fail over and over again.

Additionally, Federal land management agencies and tribes can supplement ERFO funds to change the 

scope of the ERFO eligible repairs.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): Additional resources necessary to fund modifications to 

improve structure performance will be dependent on the number and magnitude of storm damage sites 

and annual congressional appropriations.

2.5.2 Implementation of new inspection regulations

The Coast Guard will implement recently issued 46 CFR Subchapter M creating an inspection standard 

and regulations for towing vessels that have not previously been inspected. These regulations will 

address human error through requiring a Safety Management System, Pilothouse Resource 

Management, enhanced manning and increased mariner credentialing. The regulations also address 

greater oversight of vessel design, machinery, firefighting and other parts of the vessel. This will provide 

a greater oversight of the towing vessel fleet and an increase in awareness of operations.

Lead Agency: USCG
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Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected Outcome: Through vessel inspection we expect to see an increase awareness of the condition 

of the towing vessel fleet and reduction in pollution from towing vessels. Greater participation in the 

VTS system allows for better monitoring and assistance to prevent incidents in Puget Sound.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): No additional resources needed at this time

2.5.3 Implementation of Commercial Fishing Vessel voluntary compliance 

program

Fishing vessels account for over half of the oil, by volume, discharged into Puget Sound. By 

implementing the Fishing Vessel Voluntary Compliance Program, Fishing Vessels will receive greater 

guidance and oversight on compliance with regulations.

Lead Agency/Coordinating Agency: USCG/NOAA

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected outcome: Increase in vessel safety for the Commercial Fishing fleet in Puget Sound. An increase 

in compliance with the regulations will help to decrease the number of incidents and help garner a 

better response to oil that is spilled.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): No additional resources needed at this time

2.5.4 Effectively manage vessel activities

The purpose of Vessel Traffic Service Puget Sound is to function as an integral part of the Coast Guard 

waterways management efforts by facilitating the safe and efficient transit of vessel traffic to assist in 

the prevention of collisions, groundings, maritime casualties and ensuing environmental damage.

Carefully trained military and civilian watch standers monitor and communicate with vessels in the Strait 

of Juan de Fuca, San Juan Islands, and Puget Sound. The Coast Guard will monitor the increased number 

of vessels required to use Automatic Information System (AIS) carriage onboard vessels that have 

previously not been required to broadcast AIS. This includes smaller passenger, towing, and fishing 

vessels as well as dredging operations inside or near shipping lanes.

Lead Agency: USCG

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected outcome: Increase in visibility of vessels within the Vessel Traffic System allowing for greater 

awareness of operators in congested waterways. Vessels that use AIS will have better information for 

collision avoidance decreasing the number of incidents and gain greater visibility of the locations of 

vessels that are carrying Certain Dangerous Cargos. The addition of fishing vessels that carry AIS will help 

us identify potential conflicts for vessels operating in the same area.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): No additional resources needed at this time

2.5.5 Effectively manage vessel traffic and coordinate joint prevention and 

response activities

Transition from Coast Guard Vessel Traffic System (CGVTS) to Ports and Waterways Safety System 

(PAWSS). The Coast Guard is transitioning from an older CGVTS to the PAWSS which will allow better 

visualization of vessel movements. The Coast Guard works closely with Canada to ensure compatibility 
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with the system that they are using for the seamless handout of vessels between the two countries and 

hold joint meetings between Canada and the PSVTS to improve communications between the two 

systems and develop better practices for operations.

Lead Agency: USCG 

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected outcome: More effective vessel traffic management throughout Puget Sound to decrease the 

number of vessel interaction preventing pollution incident. Improve ability to respond quickly to 

incidents with precise vessel location and communication decreasing the impact to the environment.

Continued work with Canada to ensure safe vessel operations within our respective waters. 

Resources (subject to future appropriations): No additional resources needed at this time

2.5.6 Support multi-agency effort to develop vessel traffic risk assessment

Work collaboratively with WA Department of Ecology and local maritime industry stakeholders to 

provide waterways management and vessel traffic system guidance and recommendation for the 2015 

Vessel Traffic Risk Assessment (VTRA) Study.

Lead Agency/Coordinating Agencies: USCG/EPA, USACE, NOAA

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected outcome: Identify risk mitigation strategies that can be used to decrease the risk of a pollution 

spill in Puget Sound.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): No additional resources needed at this time

2.5.7 Develop plans and interagency cooperation for pollution response

The U.S. Coast Guard will maintain a robust Area Contingency Plan to better prepare and respond to oil 

and hazardous substance incidents. The Northwest Area Contingency Plan provides for orderly and 

effective implementation of response actions to protect the people and natural resources in the Pacific 

Northwest. It promotes the coordination of and describes the strategy for a unified and coordinated 

federal, state, tribal, local, potential responsible party, response contractor, response cooperative, and 

community response to a discharge or substantial threat of discharge of oil or a release or substantial 

threat of a release of a hazardous substance from inland and marine sources. Regional planning and 

coordination of preparedness and response actions shall be accomplished through the Regional 

Response Team (RRT). The standing RRT is co-chaired by EPA and USCG District 13. The role of the 

standing RRT includes evaluation of communication systems and procedures, planning, coordination, 

training, evaluation, preparedness, and related matters on a region-wide basis. In the Northwest Area, 

these activities are conducted concurrent with the Area Committee.

Lead Agency/Coordinating Agencies: USCG/EPA, NOAA, DOI

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected Outcome: Protect public health and safety and the environment by ensuring coordinated, 

efficient, and effective support of the federal, state, tribal, local, and international responses to 

significant oil and hazardous substance incidents within the USCG Thirteenth District Area of 

Responsibility that is Endangered Species Act (ESA) Section 7 compliant with respects to critical habitat 

or endangered species.
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Resources (subject to future appropriations): The USCG and EPA are cost sharing ESA Section 7 

Consultation on the Northwest Area Contingency Plan at the cost of $200K. The USCG and EPA, through 

a subcommittee of the National Response Team, are working with NOAA and DOI at the headquarters 

lever and in consultation with field offices to find ways to reduce cost and improve collaboration in the 

field.

2.5.8 Coordinate international cooperation for preparedness and 

response activities

In the spirit of preparedness and ability to respond to oil spills that may impact, or initiate from Canada, 

the U.S. Coast Guard will plan and prepare for transboundary oil spills with Canada. The U.S. Coast 

Guard will identify specific processes whereby both the USCG and Canadian Coast Guard communicate, 

consult, and coordinate in response to discharge or threat of discharge of pollution into the contiguous 

waters of interest of both Canada and the United States. The Canada - US Joint Marine Pollution 

Contingency Plan (JCP), and a Geographic Annex for the Pacific Coast, also known as CANUSPAC, will 

present the basic information necessary to execute an efficient and effective response operation in the 

contiguous waters to which the CANUSPAC applies to include Straits of Juan de Fuca, Haro, and Georgia 

Strait as well as Boundary Passage. The CANUSPAC Joint Response Team (JRT) members facilitate the 

movement of response personnel and equipment across the borders and can activate other federal 

agencies as needed.

Lead Agency/Coordinating Agencies: USCG/EPA, NOAA, DOI

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected outcome: Ensure the response to marine pollution or threat of marine pollution is consistent 

with the Canadian Coast Guard Marine Spills Contingency Plan - Pacific Region and the Northwest Area 

Contingency Plan (USCG) in an effort to best manage an international/transboundary oil spill and, 

among other things, protect endangered species and critical habitat. 

Resources (subject to future appropriations): No additional resources needed at this time
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2.6 Shellfish

Protect, restore and facilitate sustainable cultivation and harvest of molluscan shellfish resources

Shellfish have been harvested for thousands of years from Puget Sound. The region’s Tribes rely on 

shellfish for cultural, subsistence and commercial purposes. Shellfish have been farmed in Puget Sound 

for over a hundred years with the industry providing many jobs and economic benefits, especially in 

rural communities. Recreational shellfish harvest also provides economic benefits, as well as a strong 

sense of place for residents of Washington. Shellfish are a key part of our marine ecosystems, providing 

habitat and helping filter and cleanse water, thereby being part of the solution to restore and preserve 

the health of Puget Sound. The actions called out here draw from the Washington Shellfish Initiative 

(Phase I and II) and the Puget Sound Partnership Action Agenda’s Shellfish Strategic Initiative—both of 

which resulted from extensive coordination between state and federal agencies, local governments, 

tribes, and non-governmental organizations.

2.6.1 Water quality protection and Pollution Identification and Correction 

(PIC) Programs

Provide support to implement the Puget Sound Partnership Action Agenda’s Shellfish Strategic Initiative 

through the National Estuary Program and associated pass through programs to the state. Continue to 

support state, local and tribal work to protect and restore water quality in shellfish growing areas, 

specifically as related to the five barriers identified in the initiative’s Shellfish Bed Implementation 

Strategy: (1) lack of effective and sustainable local nonpoint pollution programs; (2) insufficient farm 

waste management; (3) limited control of boater’s waste; (4) difficulty implementing on-site sewage 

system management and repair programs; (5) wastewater treatment plant outfalls to Puget Sound. 

Ensure laws to protect water quality are adequately enforced.

Lead Agencies: EPA

Time Frame: FY 2017- FY 2021

Expected outcome: Achieve goal of 10,000 acres upgraded by 2020.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): $5M/year Puget Sound Geographic Program funds passed

through support to state agencies

2.6.2 Puget Sound ‘No Discharge Zone’ (NDZ)

Ecology has proposed to establish a “No-Discharge Zone” for Puget Sound which would prohibit the 

discharge of vessel sewage - both treated and untreated - into Puget Sound waters. Ecology’s petition 

concluded that there is sufficient need for establishing a No-Discharge Zone to protect water quality and 

the related ecological, economic, and recreational benefits provided by Puget Sound. EPA funding could

provide support to continue to improve pump out facilities in Puget Sound. 

Lead Agency: EPA

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected outcome: If the recently (Nov 2016) proposed Puget Sound NDZ is implemented it is estimated 

that 700 acres of commercial harvest shellfish areas could be upgraded to harvestable status.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): $500K/year through the Puget Sound National Estuary 

Program
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2.6.3 Environmental Quality Initiative Program (EQIP)

The voluntary EQIP program is actively treating water quality concerns inclusive of surface water with 

excessive nutrients, pathogens and temperature through the installation of conservation practices.

These contracts are written with individuals and tribes.

Lead Agency: NRCS

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected outcome: The three portions of EQIP: (1) the Nation Water Quality Initiative (NWQI) that is 

active in the Nooksack drainage with the goal of improving water quality concerns in Portage Bay, which 

will improve water quality of tribal and commercial shellfish beds. (2) The Regional Conservationists 

Partnership Program (RCPP) has a proposal to implement $9.5 million of actions in Puget Sound, 

sponsored through the Washington Conservation Commission. This proposal is targeted in watersheds 

that are showing impaired water quality that drain to Puget Sound. (3) The general EQIP program 

available to all working lands in Puget Sound. The general EQIP program treats many resource concerns 

with water quality being one of the leading resource concerns treated.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): No additional resources required at this time

2.6.4 Oil spill preparedness and planning

Provide support for the Washington Shellfish Initiative Goal 1.6 to insure shellfish growing and harvest 

areas are adequately included in oil spill planning and response.

Lead/Coordinating Agencies: USCG, NOAA/EPA

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected outcome: Implementation of Washington Shellfish Initiative Oil Spill Preparedness and 

Planning action items.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): 0.25 FTE/year

2.6.5 Ocean acidification monitoring

Maintain existing ocean acidification (OA) monitoring and advance the adoption of new subsurface 

ocean acidification monitoring technologies to better assess changes in the oceanic source waters 

feeding into Puget Sound. Continue to promote modeling capabilities which allow for seasonal 

forecasting of potentially corrosive conditions entering into Puget Sound. Provide technical expertise to 

Washington entities and tribes to support ongoing monitoring of OA in Puget Sound.

Lead Agency: NOAA

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021 /ongoing

Expected outcome: Carbon chemistry of Puget Sound waters monitored to support sound management 

of living marine resources and adequate reporting for Clean Water Act regulations. Sufficient data on 

carbon chemistry of source waters of Puget Sound provided to modelers of Puget Sound chemistry, who 

support decisions about nutrient management.
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Resources (subject to future appropriations): $275K/year in support of validation and OA product 

enhancement of J-SCOPE forecast system for Washington and Oregon coastal waters; total needed is 

16% Federal share of ~$1.7M/year NOAA investment towards sustained monitoring, data quality 

assurance and synthesis, and advanced OA technology development specific to the California Current 

Large Marine Ecosystem.

2.6.6 Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) detection and prediction

The Sound Toxins Program provides biweekly HAB sampling throughout the Puget Sound. The 

Environmental Sample Processor provides automated daily HAB sampling at sentinel sites producing 

real-time data. Together, these tools are used to forecast harvest closures due to high levels of HABs.

This early warning system enables shellfish to be harvested in advance of closures protecting human 

health and reducing economic loss.

Lead Agency: NOAA

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021 /ongoing

Indicator of Success: Early warning of events that cause closure of shellfish harvest, enhancing shellfish 

safety for commercial, recreational and tribal consumers along the 2500 miles of Puget Sound shoreline.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): $90K/year (Sound Toxins at $40K/year; the Environmental 

Sample Processor at $50K/year, for 5 years); total needed is 10% Federal share of ~$5M project in 

partnership with WA Department of Health, WA Sea Grant, tribes, shellfish growers, environmental 

learning centers, tribes, and private citizens

2.6.7 Pathogenic vibrio detection and prediction

To reduce risk of unnecessary shellfish bed closures and to reduce risk of human illnesses, we need tools 

to accurately monitor for pathogenic Vibrios and predictive models to optimize harvest timing. These 

tools are priority needs identified by the Food and Drug Administration and the Interstate Shellfish 

Sanitation Conference for the Pacific Northwest.

Lead Agency: NOAA

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021 /ongoing

Indicator of Success: Reduction in shellfish bed closures and illnesses due to pathogenic Vibrios

Resources (subject to future appropriations): $80K/year for three years, $50K/year for two years for 

work in partnership with WA Department of Health, commercial harvesters, and tribes; NOAA Fisheries 

supports this effort at ~$86K/year, subject to Congressional appropriations

2.6.8 Conservation genetic risk assessment

Develop genetic risk assessment tools and evaluate management strategies to inform best management 

practices for culture and enhancement of native shellfish in Puget Sound.

Lead Agency: NOAA

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected outcome: Decision support tool and management strategies for 3 native shellfish species

Resources (subject to future appropriations): $100K/year; in partnership with WA Department of Fish 

and Wildlife and other collaborators
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2.6.9 Implement aquaculture regulatory framework

Establish and communicate a process for shellfish aquaculture applicants to apply for verification for 

Department of Army Permits including NWP48 (Aquaculture):

Lead Agencies: USACE, NOAA, USFWS

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2018 

Expected outcome: Streamlined, transparent, and predictable regulatory process.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): No additional resources required at this time

2.6.10 Habitat value of shellfish

Accurately quantifying the habitat value of shellfish and associated gear in the marine environment 

compared to existing habitats is required for proper management. Currently three studies are underway 

comparing shellfish aquaculture and eelgrass habitats.

Lead Agency/Coordinating Agencies: NOAA/USACE, EPA, USFWS 

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected outcome: Documentation of fish use and prey availability of shellfish aquaculture habitat 

compared to eelgrass habitat. Host a workshop with scientific experts and regulators to share study 

results and state of the science resulting in the development of consistent management strategies.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): $100K/year for five years

2.6.11 Native shellfish hatchery

NOAA and the Puget Sound Restoration Fund are working with state, tribal and industry partners in WA 

to restore 100 acres of oyster habitat by 2020 and rebuild sustainable populations of pinto abalone. The 

Kenneth K. Chew Center for Shellfish Research and Restoration produces the science and juvenile 

shellfish required for this restoration.

Lead Agency: NOAA

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected outcome: Produce 2,500 bags of Olympia oyster seed to accelerate Olympia oyster recovery at 

priority sites. Produce 5,000 juvenile abalone and 2 million larval abalone for outplanting.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): $320K/year (funding for full time FTE at $200K/year; 

continued operations and maintenance at $120K/year); total needed is 25% federal share of $5M 

project in partnership with state agencies, tribes and other collaborators.
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2.6.12 Native Oyster Restoration Projects

NRCS will continue to expand a collaborative effort with the tribes, NGO Puget Sound Restoration Fund, 

WDFW, and the Washington Shellfish Growers Association to contribute towards implementing the 

native Olympia Oyster Restoration Plan.

Lead Agency: NRCS

Time Frame: FY 2017 - FY 2021

Expected outcome: Two new restoration sites and enhancement of two existing populations of oyster 

will be implemented on eligible private and tribal aquaculture operations through EQIP.

Resources (subject to future appropriations): Annual request for funding of this program has been 

supported by NRCS through the EQIP program.
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3.0 Science and Monitoring

Federal agencies have extensive expertise, capabilities and access to national and regional capacity for 

fundamental science and monitoring programs to support Puget Sound ecosystem recovery. Credible 

and salient scientific information and technical support are needed at the regional, sub-regional, and 

local levels to support recovery planning and implementation processes, address policy barriers, and 

inform the best next steps for recovery. While in many major coastal ecosystem recovery efforts there 

are well-organized federal/state/local science enterprises that support recovery planning and 

implementation efforts, Puget Sound does not yet have a formal dedicated structure for effectively 

integrating federal science and monitoring expertise and capabilities for this purpose.

This Action Plan calls for the Inter-agency Federal Science and Monitoring work group created under the 

Federal Task Force MOU to: 1) determine interim steps that could be taken to help address this critical 

gap with current resources and capacity; 2) develop a process for prioritizing current and planned 

federal science and monitoring activities that are consistent with Puget Sound recovery needs; and 3) 

collaboratively develop options for developing a Federal Puget Sound Science Program that brings to 

bear federal scientific and technical expertise and capacity to support collaboration, leveraging, and 

science needs for Puget Sound recovery. While the staffing of the Science and Monitoring work group 

has not yet been finalized, the Regional Implementation Team has created a list of known high-priority 

science and monitoring activities that are needed to support the habitat, stormwater and shellfish 

strategic initiatives in the 2016 Puget Sound Action Agenda, tribal habitat priorities, and federal 

priorities for Puget Sound Recovery. These current activities are listed and described in Appendix D.

The Federal Science and Monitoring work group will convene one or more science and monitoring 

workshops with partners to discuss these interim steps, to get input on the development of the 

proposed prioritization process, and to discuss the idea of the development of a federal interagency 

science plan that supports Puget Sound ecosystem recovery and the needs of recovery partners 

(Interagency activity, Appendix D). Science and monitoring activities and priorities that were submitted 

in response to earlier drafts of the Action Plan will be discussed at these workshops and considered for 

inclusion in the subsequent science plan. This plan will also take into consideration the Puget Sound 

Partnership’s Biennial Science Work Plan, PSEMP’s monitoring gaps and priorities, PSNERP’s science 

plan, and other regionally significant science plans.
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4.0 Treaty Rights at Risk

Six priority issues for federal engagement

In 2015, a subset of Federal Task Force agencies committed to address six priority tribal treaty rights 

issues raised by Western Washington Treaty Tribes. Some of these issues, or approaches to address 

these issues, are also included in Section 2 of this Action Plan. Puget Sound Tribes submitted comments 

to the Puget Sound Federal Task Force Regional Leaders on the Action Plan including comments relating 

to some of these issues. See Appendix C.

1. NOAA/EPA: Washington State Nonpoint Source Program under the Coastal Zone Act 

Reauthorization Amendments (CZARA).

2. USACE/EPA/NOAA: Shoreline armoring: Protection of ESA habitat landward of the Corps Clean 

Water Act jurisdictional boundary. Consider options in coordination with federal and state partners 

that may be implemented to protect ESA species and habitat.

3. USACE/EPA: Marine/Freshwater Shorelines- Cumulative Effects of the Nationwide Permit Program.

4. USDA: Transparency on USDA funded agricultural best management practice projects.

5. USDA/NOAA/EPA/CEQ: Riparian buffers: Respond to tribes’ request to revise USDA practices. 

6. USFWS/EPA/NOAA/BIA: Support sustainable harvest of salmon and shellfish to meet the Treaty 

protected and non-treaty fisheries including support for the process and schedule developed jointly 

by federal-tribal-state partners to develop and approve watershed-specific hatchery plans 

consistent with the ESA and NEPA.
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5.0 Puget Sound Federal Task Force Governance and 

Action Plan Implementation

The Governance structure for the Puget Sound Federal Task Force and process for Action Plan 

development and annual updates is established in the MOU. The Puget Sound Federal Task Force 

Regional Implementation Team will implement the Action Plan and report progress on implementation 

of the plan as outlined in the MOU. The Regional Implementation Team will meet regularly to 

implement and track implementation of the Action Plan and established in the MOU, work in 

partnership with the Puget Sound federally recognized tribal governments, State of Washington, diverse 

stakeholders and Canadian partners in the implementation of this Action Plan. 

Puget Sound Federal Task Force engagement with Puget Sound Tribes 

The Puget Sound Federal Taskforce MOU recognizes the importance of respecting Puget Sound tribal 

treaty rights and the Federal Government’s obligation to do so. The Puget Sound Federal Taskforce 

consulted with Puget Sound Tribes in the development and update of this Action Plan and will 

coordinate and partner with tribes in the implementation of the Action Plan. As outlined in the MOU, 

the Task Force will convene an annual meeting between the Federal Regional Implementation Team and 

Tribal Management Conference to review Federal priorities and receive input on the Federal work plan.

In addition, where Treaty Rights at Risk are raised by Puget Sound Tribes, the Federal Task Force will 

work to address them. If those Treaty Rights at Risk issues cannot be resolved with the Puget Sound 

Tribes and the Puget Sound Federal Task Force the Tribes can elevate those issues to the established 

national Treaty Rights at Risk CEQ/Federal Deputies resolution process.

Puget Sound Federal Task Force engagement in the Puget Sound Management Conference

The Puget Sound Federal Task Force will engage with the Puget Sound Partnership and Puget Sound 

Management Conference boards and committees in the implementation of the Action Plan as it relates 

to the state’s recovery plan and CCMP for Puget Sound, the Puget Sound Action Agenda. 

Puget Sound Partnership and the Action Agenda

The Puget Sound Federal Task Force (PSTFTF) will coordinate with the Puget Sound Partnership regularly 

to share information on Federal Task Force activities and to discuss Task Force activities support the

Action Agenda and Management conference activities. The Puget Sound Partnership Director will be 

invited to attend Puget Sound Federal Task Force Regional Implementation Team meetings at least 

biannually. The Puget Sound Federal Task Force Regional Implementation Team will participate in 

Strategic Initiative Advisory Teams, Implementation Strategy development teams and management 

conference boards and councils as described below. 

Puget Sound Ecosystem Coordination Board (ECB)

The federal agency ECB representatives are: U.S. EPA, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and NOAA 

Fisheries. These agencies will regularly attend ECB meetings, and provide updates to the ECB on PSFTF

activities as well as raise ECB matters at PSFTF meetings. 

Puget Sound Leadership Council

The Puget Sound Federal Task Force does not have representation on the Puget Sound Leadership 

Council but will coordinate with the Puget Sound Partnership as needed on Puget Sound Leadership 

Council business.
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Puget Sound Partnership Science Panel and Puget Sound Ecosystem Monitoring Program

The Puget Sound Partnership Science Panel (SP) and the Puget Sound Ecosystem Monitoring Program 

(PSEMP) have included PSFTF member agency representation since the inception of the Puget Sound 

Partnership board structure and the creation of PSEMP. However, there are a number of steps that 

could be taken to strengthen communications and improve federal leadership in support of Puget Sound 

science and monitoring for ecosystem recovery.

These steps include:

● Establish a liaison between the PSP Science Panel and the Science and Monitoring working 

group of the Puget Sound Federal Task Force to facilitate information sharing and cooperation.

● In collaboration with the PSP Science Panel and PSEMP, conduct an evaluation of the 

coordinated monitoring programs of other Federal/State coastal ecosystem recovery efforts, 

including the San Francisco Bay Delta, the Great Lakes, Chesapeake Bay, the Lower Columbia 

Estuary, and other relevant efforts. The evaluation would focus on lessons learned and provide 

a wider perspective on approaches to conducting ecosystem-scale monitoring programs in 

support of long-term ecosystem recovery.

● Evaluate the PSEMP gap analysis for science and monitoring activities that the PSFC could 

address. Identify high-priority critical gaps.

● Establish a working relationship with PSEMP that includes the use of the Puget Sound Federal 

Task Force as a “forum” for presenting PSEMP goals, approaches, and needs to federal agencies. 

For example, this forum could be used to scope the PSEMP gap analysis evaluation

Puget Sound Salmon Recovery Council (PSSRC)

This regional body of decision‐makers on salmon recovery, policy, and funding advises the Puget Sound 

Partnership’s Leadership Council on decisions relating to salmon recovery and the implementation of 

the Puget Sound Chinook Recovery Plan and Puget Sound Steelhead recovery plan development. The 

Salmon Recovery Council provides policy direction for implementation of salmon recovery plans and 

actions, develops an overarching strategic approach to funding, project selection, and near-term 

conservation actions. Federal coordination with the Salmon Recovery Council will help inform PSFC 

participants of emerging salmon and habitat conservation opportunities, interagency issues, and provide 

insight into regional priorities. The objective of sharing PSSRC information and priorities within the 

federal Regional Implementation Team is to ensure appropriate federal agency policy, funding, and 

program alignment to support salmon, steelhead and habitat protection and restoration.

Currently, NOAA Fisheries, EPA and U.S. Fish and Wildlife representatives are members of the Salmon 

Recovery Council. 

Additional staff resources would facilitate more direct involvement in annual proposed project and work 

plan reviews, and Puget Sound Chinook salmon recovery plan updates and steelhead recovery plan 

development and implementation. Various federal agencies also have opportunities to leverage and 

support recovery projects through funding, permitting, and technical assistance. Several PSFC agencies 

have restoration programs that could be tapped to support state and local efforts with additional 

resources to support on-the-ground actions. 

Local Governments, non-profit organizations and other management conference partners

The Puget Sound Federal Task Force will coordinate and partner with other management conference 

partners (local governments, non-profit organizations, universities, others) on the implementation of 
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

this Action Plan. The Puget Sound Federal Task Force will seek to coordinate federal actions to support 

local entity work to recover Puget Sound at the local level.
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Appendix A. Puget Sound Federal Task Force MOU

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I. BACKGROUND 

USDA 

ifim 

PUGET SOUND FEDERAL TASK FORCE 

MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING 

AMONG FEDERAL AGENCIES 

(a) Puget Sound, Washington, is among the most important estuary ecosystems in the United 

States, providing critical human and ecological values. Puget Sound is approximately 650,000 

square miles and encompasses an 8-million-acre watershed. Its unique nearshore ecosystem 

comprises more than 2,500 miles of river deltas, coastal embayments, beaches, bluffs and rocky 

shorelines. The ecosystem supports more than 4. 7 million people, including 19 federally 

recognized tribal governments; 211 fish species; 100 sea bird species; and 13 marine mammal 

species, such as orca whales. It also annually handles over $77 billion in impo11s and expo11s, 

$10 billion in outdoor recreation, and $2 billion in agriculture revenue. Decades of human 

activity and development have degraded the ecological function of Puget Sound. Despite 

enthusiastic conservation efforts, the ecological health of Puget Sound remains threatened. 

(b) The preservation and restoration of Puget Sound requires continued action and focus. Climate 

change, natural processes and human development impose stress on the ecosystem and 

contribute pollutants to the sound. With the projected climate change and amount of growth in 

human population over the next 20 years, these threats may increase. During the past 125 years, 

approximately 70 percent of critical habitats, including salt marshes, eelgrass beds and estuaries, 

have been damaged or completely lost. This habitat loss and degradation have contributed 

directly to the decline of fish and wildlife resources impo11ant to the people who live here, 

including Native Americans who have relied on these resources for millennia. The decline of 

Pacific salmon, necessitating protection of several once abundant species under the Endangered 

Species Act, is emblematic of the interrelationship among ecosystems, natural resources and 

people. This degradation has elevated the protection and restoration of Puget Sound to a national 

priority. 

(c) Given the national significance of the Puget Sound ecosystem and its importance to the 

millions of people who depend on it for economic, cultural, and environmental benefits, it is 

imperative that the federal government reinforce and strengthen its leadership role, working in 

partnership with the federally recognized tribes, State of Washington and interested partners. The 

State of Washington convenes the Puget Sound Management Conference that develops and 

implements the Puget Sound Action Agenda, a collaborative roadmap for restoration and 
protection that also serves as the Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan (for Puget 

Sound the "Action Agenda") under the Environmental Protection Agency's National Estuary 

Program. 

(d) Longstanding treaties dating from 1854 and 1855 establish important responsibilities for the 

federal government to protect tribal treaty resources. As habitat and salmon continue to face 

challenges in Puget Sound, the need to follow through on these responsibilities is more important 

than ever. Article VI of the U.S. Constitution declares treaties as pat1 of the supreme law of the 

land, with the same legal force as federal statutes. This Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) 

will adhere to and support the federal government's responsibility to address tribal treaty rights 

and trust responsibilities in situations where the plans and actions implemented under this MOU 

may affect them and recognizes the duty to engage in government-to-government consultation 

prior to any action related to Puget Sound that may impact a federally recognized tribe. 

( e) Puget Sound is also part of a larger Salish Sea Ecosystem that includes the Georgia Basin in 

Canada. Our collective success in conserving Puget Sound and the Salish Sea is dependent on 

effective binational cooperation with Canadian federal, provincial and local governments and 

First Nations. An existing Statement of Cooperation is in place between the EPA and 

Environment and Climate Change Canada that created a working group and annual work plans 

for sharing scientific information, developing joint research initiatives and ensuring coordination 

of environmental management initiatives and long-term planning. This MOU is intended to 

complement the existing Statement of Cooperation, facilitating ongoing transboundary 

cooperation between U.S. and Canadian governments. 

II. VISION AND PURPOSE 

(a) The patties, identified below, envision a healthy and sustainable Puget Sound ecosystem that 

provides for a high-quality and resilient long-term ecological and economic state and restores the 

environmental integrity and sustainability of the system. 

(b) This MOU establishes the national Puget Sound Federal Task Force to work in partnership 

with the Puget Sound federally recognized tribal governments, State of Washington, diverse 

stakeholders and Canadian partners to apply our authorities, programs, available resources and 

scientific capabilities toward achieving the vision and purpose of this MOU. 

(c) This MOU establishes a voluntary structure for coordinating and aligning the actions of the 

federal agencies with primary federal responsibilities and authority over key aspects of Puget 

Sound and its tributaries. This includes the establishment of the Puget Sound Federal Task Force 

supported by regional federal leadership and implementation teams. 

(d) This MOU is intended to achieve the following purposes: 

• Strengthen the coordination among federal agencies and provide for closer and more 

efficient coordination between regional and national federal leadership in the setting and 

execution of federal priorities and the resolving of issues in a timely fashion, consistent 

with existing federal agency procedures and processes; 

2 
• Strengthen generally the coordination among federal agencies on mitigation of potential 

environmental impacts; 

• Strengthen generally the intergovernmental coordination of federal actions with tribal, 

state and local governments as well as the coordination of public and private efforts; 

• Strengthen the early and ongoing integration of federal activities and capabilities into the 

Puget Sound Action Agenda and its implementation, working with the federally 

recognized tribal governments, Puget Sound Management Conference, other state 

agencies and the public; 

• Strengthen and expand the federal contribution of scientific and technical expertise as 

practicable with available federal appropriations; 

• Contribute to fulfilling federa l trust responsibilities to the Puget Sound federally 

recognized tribal governments, as they relate to the action plan and priority actions; and 

• Serve to create a standing federa l venue through which to share information, meet and 

engage in government-to-government consultation as it relates to the action plan and 

priority actions. 

(e) This MOU does not alter, diminish or create any legal obligations for federal agencies or 

expand the authorities granted by underlying statutes nor does it alter or diminish any existing 

federal treaty obligations or trust responsibilities. 

(f) This MOU revokes arid supersedes the existing regional federal partnership agreement that 

established the Puget Sound Federal Caucus and builds upon and complements the collaborative 

work the federal government, tribes, the state and other key pa1tners are already conducting. 

III. PARTIES 

The patties to this MOU are: 

(a) The United States Depaitment of the Interior (DOI), which has jurisdiction pursuant to the 

Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (16 U.S.C. Section 661 et seq.), the Endangered Species 

Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. Section 1531 et seq.) and other applicable laws; 

(b) The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which has jurisdiction pursuant 

to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. Section 1251 et seq.) (Clean Water 

Act), the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. Section 300f et seq.) and other applicable laws; 

(c) The United States Depa1tment of Commerce (DOC), including the National Oceanic and 

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which has jurisdiction pursuant to the Fish and 

Wildlife Coordination Act (16 U.S.C. Section 661 et seq.), the Endangered Species Act of 

1973 (16 U.S. C. Section 1531 et seq.) (ESA), the Magnuson-Stevens Act (16 U .S.C. Section 

1801 et seq.) and other applicable laws; 

(d) The United States Department of the Army (DOA), which is provided for and maintained by 

Congress pursuant to Article J of the U.S. Constitution and having the mission, functions, 

organization and authorities granted by Title 10 of the United States Code and other 

applicable law, and includes the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps), which has 

3 
jurisdiction pursuant to flood control, and water resource development authorizations, 

Section IO of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, Section 14 of the Rivers and Harbors Act 

of 1899 (33 U .S.C. Section 408) and Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. Section 

1344) and other applicable laws; 

(e) The United States Department of the Navy (DON), including the United States Navy and the 

United States Marine Corps, which is provided for and maintained by Congress pursuant to 

Article I of the U.S. Constitution and having the mission, functions, organization and 

authorities granted by Title I 0 of the United States Code and other applicable laws; 

(t) The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), which has jurisdiction pursuant to 

Title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. Section 3801 et seq.), as amended, and 

other applicable laws; 

(g) The United States Department of Transportation (DOT), which enters this MOU pursuant to 

49 U.S.C. 301; and 

(h) The United States Coast Guard (USCG), which has jurisdiction pursuant to 14 U.S.C. 

Sections 81, 88, and 89, the Ports and Waterways Safety Act (33 U.S.C. Section 1221 et 

seq.), Federal Water Pollution Control Act (Clean Water Act) (33 U.S.C. Section 1251 

etseq.), the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (33 U.S.C. Sections 2701 et seq.) and other applicable 

law, and enters this MOU pursuant to 14 U.S.C. Section 92, 93, 141, and other applicable 

law; and 

(i) The Council on Environmental Qua! ity (CEQ), which has jurisdiction pursuant to the 

National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. Section 4321 et seq.) and other 

applicable laws. 

IV. NATIONAL PUGET SOUND FEDERAL TASK FORCE 

(a) A national level Puget Sound Federal Task Force (Task Force) is hereby established and will 

serve as the primary leadership group. The Task Force will be co-chaired by the Chair of the 

White House Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), or such other person as the 

Executive Office of the President shall designate, and a rotating co-chair among the signatory 

agencies. The rotating co-chair will serve for a period of two years. 

(b) The Task Force will include a senior designee from each of the following agencies: the 

Department of Commerce, the Office of Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works, the 

Office of Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installations, Environment and Energy, the 

Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Energy, Installations and Environment), the 

Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of the 

Interior, the Depmtment of Transpo1tation, the Depa1tment of Homeland Security and such 

other interested agencies as determined by the co-chairs. 

4 
(c) The Task Force will serve as the primary interagency entity for achieving the vision and 

purpose of this MOU, working through and serving as the national policy oversight body for 

the regional teams, described below. The Task Force will, among other things: 

• In coordination with affected stakeholders, review and approve the Puget Sound Action 

Plan, updates and other products produced by regional implementation teams; 

• Outline implementation costs and ensure they are achievable within available resources; 

• Review interagency issues identified and elevated via the regional implementation teams 

from time to time; and 

• Coordinate its actions with the White House Council on Native American Affairs, as 

needed. 

(d) The Task Force will meet approximately biannually, or as needed, to fulfill its purposes and 

provide an annual progress repo1t to signatory agency principals, the Office of Management 

and Budget and others as appropriate. 

V. REGIONAL PUGET SOUND IMPLEMENTATION TEAMS 

Teams will support regional implementation, including regional Leadership and Implementation 

Teams, and, as necessary, issue-specific sub-teams. 

(a) The Region 10 Administrator of the EPA and a rotating co-chair among the other regional 

agencies will co-chair the Leadership Team, to include regional principals or their designees 

from DOI, USDA, NOAA, DOA, DON, Corps, DOT, DHS, or other involved agencies or 

sub-agencies as the co-chairs determine. The Leadership Team also will include members 

from specific sub-agencies or bureaus, including the individual bureaus within DOI and 

USDA. The rotating co-chair will serve for a period of two years. If needed, the regional 

Leadership Team may develop a separate agreement to incorporate additional regional 

federal entities to support implementation of this MOU. 

(b) The Leadership Team will meet biannually or as needed to provide regional leadership for 

federal actions within Puget Sound and the Salish Sea, with the purpose of facilitating 

implementation and addressing priority actions across federal agencies and jurisdictions. The 

Leadership Team can invite, as appropriate, state and tribal leaders to participate in its 

meetings to promote transparency and coordination. 

(c) The Leadership Team will be the primary regionally based, interagency, federal forum 

through which to: 

• Integrate federal efforts with those of tribal, state and local entities in the implementation 

of the Puget Sound Action Agenda; 

• Plan and coordinate federal efforts for the implementation of salmon recovery effmts in 

and around Puget Sound and its tributaries; 

• Suppo1t federal effo1ts to mitigate potential environmental impacts; 

• Facilitate the coordination of federal trust responsibilities to the Puget Sound federally 

recognized tribal governments, as they relate to the action plan and priority actions, in the 

execution of these duties as needed and agreed to by involved agencies and tribes; and 

5 
• Identify bilateral functions relating to the stewardship of Puget Sound and the Salish Sea 

with Canada and First Nations related to the existing EPA and Environment and Climate 

Change Canada Statement of Cooperation as appropriate. 

( d) The Implementation Team, consisting of senior managers and staff from each of the 

participating agencies and sub-agencies or bureaus, including the individual bureaus and 

agencies within DOI, DOT, DHS, and USDA, will provide federal planning and 

implementation support for the Puget Sound Action Agenda, Salmon Recovery Plans under 

the Endangered Species Act, bi national efforts and other federal Puget Sound restoration and 

protection priorities including tribal trust responsibilities by: 

• Developing, evaluating and updating the federal action plan (see VI); 

• Coordinating and collaborating with partners, and representing federal interests and 

programs on the boards of the state-led Puget Sound Management Conference; and 

• Providing input to the binational Salish Sea plans and actions, as appropriate. 

(e) The Implementation Team may establish sub-teams as necessary to coordinate on specific 

Puget Sound restoration and protection areas of focus. Sub-teams could include, but are not 

limited to: l) science and monitoring, 2) federal lands, assets and infrastructure investments, 

and 3) international issues/Salish Sea. 

VI. FEDERAL ACTION PLAN AND PRIORITY ACTIONS 

(a) By June I, 2017, the Task Force will approve a five-year action plan that leverages federal 

programs across agencies and serves to coordinate diverse programs on a specific suite of 

priorities. The national Task Force will coordinate the action plan with agency principals, 

CEQ and the Office of Management and Budget. 

(b) The regional Implementation Team will develop the action plan for review and adoption by 

the Task Force. In developing the plan, the Implementation Team will engage with the 

federally recognized tribal governments via an annual meeting with the Tribal Management 

Conference and with the state via an annual meeting with the Puget Sound Management 

Conference and other state agencies as identified by the governor of Washington, as well as 

other partners and stakeholders, as appropriate. 

(c) The Implementation Team will use all available strategic, economic development and other 

related plans when developing the action plan. In coordination with the military installations 

in the Puget Sound region, the plan will take into account and not adversely affect national 

security interests. Since salmon are critically important, the Puget Sound Action Agenda and 

salmon recovery priorities, as developed by the Puget Sound Management Conference led by 

the State of Washington Puget Sound Partnership and tribal priorities and plans, are two of 

the foundations to inform action plan development. The plan may also include priority 

federal actions not addressed in the Action Agenda or salmon recovery plans. Transboundary 

issues and priorities may be integrated into the action plan as an outcome of coordination 

6 
with Canadian partners through the existing EPA and Environment and Climate Change 

Canada Statement of Cooperation as appropriate. 

(d) The Regional Implementation Team will evaluate annually the action plan and modify it as 

deemed necessary by the parties in order to adapt to new circumstances and events. The 

action plan should provide consistency and focused federal activity on a rolling five-year 

basis. 

(e) The regional agencies, using as a foundation applicable state and tribal science and 

monitoring plans, will coordinate and collaborate on science activities with federal, state, 

tribal and local agencies, as well as academic and nongovernmental organizations to include 

identifying critical research gaps where federal science, monitoring and analytical resources 

and programs could play a critical role. 

(f) The regional Implementation Team will provide input on an annual basis to the binational 

Salish Sea action plan under the Joint Statement of Cooperation between EPA and 

Environment and Climate Change Canada. 

VII. TRIBAL TREATY RIGHTS AND TRUST RESPONSIBILITIES 

(a) The parties to this MOU recognize the substantial subject matter overlap among Puget Sound 

stewardship, treaty rights and obligations and trust responsibilities. We also recognize the 

importance of respecting the distinctions among these differing responsibilities and commit 

to doing so in the execution of this MOU. This MOU does not supersede any treaty rights or 

trust obligations. 

(b) Given the above, the regional Leadership Team will serve as an interagency venue to 

facilitate coordination of activities involving the federal trnst responsibilities to the federally 

recognized tribes of Puget Sound. It will engage in appropriate coordination and consultation 

with federally recognized tribal governments on the execution of the action plan and priority 

actions in circumstances where multiple agencies are involved. Individual agency 

government-to-government consultation policies and procedures will continue to be used for 

single-agency actions and treaty rights matters. 

(c) The regional Implementation Team will confer annually with federa lly recognized tribal 

governments working either directly or through the Tribal Management Conference. This 

will include an annual meeting between the regional Implementation Team and the Tribal 

Management Conference to review and receive input on the federa l action plan. 

(d) Where issues arise that pertain to the implementation of the action plan and priority actions 

that could affect the federal trust responsibilities to the Puget Sound tribal governments, the 

regional Leadership Team will facilitate coordination and information sharing so that each 

individual agency is more effectively able to complete individual consultations with affected 

tribes. If those issues cannot be resolved at the regional level in a reasonable amount of time, 

the parties to this MOU recognize that either tribal governments, individual local agencies or 

7 
the regional Leadership Team may elevate issues through existing agency dispute/issue 

resolution or, in the alternative, be guided by the principles of the Operational Draft JssueElevation Process for Western Washington Treaty Tribes' Treaty Rights at Risk Initiative 

resolution process for resolving issues regionally and elevating issues to the 

national/headqua1ters level. 

VIII. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 

(a) This MOU does not and does not intend to restrict the authority of any patty to act as 

provided by law, statute or regulation. 

(b) This MOU addresses the activities of the parties and, as such, does not address and thus does 

not restrict the activities and authorities of any other federal agency or office. 

(c) This MOU does not and does not intend to create any right or benefit, substantive or 

procedural, enforceable at law or in equity, by any person against the United States, its 

depaitrnents, agencies or entities, its officers, employees, agents or any other person. 

(d) This MOU will take effect upon the signature of all of the parties, and it will remain in effect 

for a period of 10 years from the date on which it takes effect. This MOU may be extended or 

modified at any time upon the mutual written consent of the patties. Additionally, a party 

may terminate its participation in this MOU at any time by providing written notice to the 

other parties at least 30 days in advance of the desired termination date. 

(e) As required by the Anti-deficiency Act, 31 U.S.C. Sections 1341, 1342, and 1517, all 

activities of the parties in implementing this MOU are subject to the availability of 

appropriated funds. Nothing in this MOU obligates any of the parties to expend or transfer 

appropriations or to enter into any contract, assistance agreement, interagency agreement or 

incur other financial obligations. Any activities or projects involving the transfer, 

reimbursement or contribution of funds among the patties to this MOU will be handled under 

separate agreements and any negotiation, execution and administration of such agreements 

must be in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. Such activities must be 

independently authorized by appropriate statutory authority. This MOU does not provide 

such authority. 

(f) The Parties and their respective agencies and offices will handle their own activities and 

utilize their own resources, including the expenditure of their own funds, in pursuing these 

objectives. Each party w ill carry out its separate activities in a coordinated and mutually 

beneficial manner. 

(g) The Parties will consult with one another to resolve disputes at staff levels and elevate 

disputes through the respective organizational levels only if necessary. Notification of 

potential conflict or a dispute by either Patty must be put in writing, and attempts to resolve 

the matter at the staff level should occur within 30 days. lfthere is no resolution at this level 

within 30 days, either Patty may elevate the issue to the appropriate officials. 

8 
Notwithstanding any such referral, each party reserves the right to make a final decision on 

any matter within its statutory authority. 

IX. SIGNATURES 

9 
Secretary 

PUGET SOUND 

FEDERAL TASK FORCE 

MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING 

AMONG FEDERAL AGENCIES 

September 30, 2016 

Department of the Jnterior 
.. _, ... ______ .. --· . ..... -·- ......... "--··--·--·---·----------- .. ·~. ---· ·--·---·--··--····---·--·--· ...... ······- .................. -····- ---------·--

Secretary 

PUGET SOUND 

FEDERAL TASK FORCE 

MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING 

AMONG FEDERAL AGENCIES 

September 30, 2016 

Department of Commerce 

·-------------· --· -- --------- .. -·-- .... ----·--·--· ····-, ....... -. ·--·- ...... -..... . ·--· - -·-··-··· --···-· -·-- ---------------- -- -.,. ·-

10 
PUGET SOUND 

FEDERAL TASK FORCE 

MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING 

AMONG FEDERAL AGENCIES 

s~q]#J~ Department of Agriculture 

11 
Administrator 

PUGET SOUND 

FEDERAL TASK FORCE 

MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING 

AMONG FEDERAL AGENCIES 

OCT 1 4 2016 

Date 

Environmental Protection Agency 

12 
Under Secretary 

Department of the Army 

PUGET SOUND 

FEDERAL TASK FORCE 

MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING 

AMONG FEDERAL AGENCIES 

13 . 
PUGET SOUND 

FEDERAL TASK FORCE 

MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING 

AMONG FEDERAL AGENCIES 

/"\<ttl~nL Secretary 

Department of Transportation 

October 7, 2016 

14 
PUGET SOUND 

FEDERAL TASK .FORCE 

MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING 

AMONG FEDERAL AGENCIES 

September 30, 2016 

Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Energy, Insallations, & Environment) 

Department of the Navy 

14 
PUGET SOUND 

FEDERAL TASK FORCE 

MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING 

AMONG FEDERAL AGENCIES 

13v..QP_3,~ 31 oc.:r 2016 

Commandant 

United States Coast Guard 

16 
Managing Director 

PUGET SOUND 

FEDERAL TASK FORCE 

MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING 

AMONG FEDERAL AGENCIES 

Council on Environmental Qualt 

17 
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Appendix B. Summary Table of Priority Federal Actions to Protect and Restore 

Puget Sound

Focus Lead Agency # Action Resources

(subject to appropriations)

Cross- cutting 

Actions

NOAA 2.1.1

Evaluate existing programmatic or

streamlined regulatory tools/processes for 

activities related to Puget Sound habitat

No additional resources needed at this time. If new 

tools/processes are identified for development, 

additional resources may be necessary.

EPA 2.1.2

Implement the National Estuary Program 

for Puget Sound protection and recovery

$30M/year Puget Sound Geographic Funds

Habitat

USFS 2.2.1.1

Correct salmon and steelhead culvert fish 

passage barriers on National Forest System 

roads

$1.2M/year is needed to correct the 26 identified 

salmon and steelhead culvert barriers within the 5-year 

period. 

NPS 2.2.1.2

Correct salmon and steelhead culvert fish 

passage barriers on National Park Service 

roads

$100,000/year is needed to correct the 9 identified 

salmon and steelhead culvert barriers at MORA within 

the 5-year period. 

U.S. Navy 2.2.1.3

Correct salmon and steelhead culvert fish 

passage barriers on U.S. Navy property

The Navy is currently investigating how to fund culvert 

projects; however, all corrective actions are subject to 

the constraints of available resources (personnel, funds 

and equipment).

USACE 2.2.1.4

Design and construct improved fish passage 

at Mud Mountain Dam

Total cost over $100M. Annual resource needs will 

vary. 

USFWS 2.2.1.5

National Fish Passage Program The Western Washington National Fish Passage 

Program typically receives $100,000 annually, 

dependent upon Congressional allocations.
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Focus Lead Agency # Action Resources

(subject to appropriations)

NOAA 2.2.1.6

Coastal Ecosystem Resiliency Funding 

Community Based Restoration (NOAA 

Restoration Center)

$10M National Competition Resiliency, 

$8MCommunity-based Restoration National 

Competition

NOAA 2.2.1.7

Salmon recovery efforts through local, state 

and regional organizations and the Salmon 

Recovery Funding Board (SRFB)

Washington’s award for FY16 was $18.5M

NRCS 2.2.1.8

Environmental Quality Incentive Program 

(EQIP)

A combined total of $5.5M dedicated financial 

assistance for salmon recovery received for 3 years 

(2012, 2013, & 2016) with additional funding requested 

for FY17. 

FHWA 2.2.1.9

Salmon and steelhead barrier correction 

projects on Federal-aid eligible roadways

Washington State receives over $600M in Federal-aid 

Highway funding annually. Additional Emergency Relief 

funds are provided in response to natural disasters. 

FHWA 2.2.1.10

Fish passage barrier correction projects on 

roads that access Federal and Tribal lands and 

on roads owned by Federal and Tribal entities 

(WFLHD)

The Federal Lands Transportation Program (FLTP) is an 

available funding source for federally owned routes. 

The Federal Lands Access Program (FLAP) is an available 

funding source for a public road or transit system that 

is located on, is adjacent to, or provides access to 

Federal lands, for which title or maintenance 

responsibility is vested in a State, county, town, 

township, tribal, municipal, or local government. The 

Tribal Transportation Program (TTP) is an available 

funding source for tribal owned and tribal designated 

publically owned roads.

FEMA 2.2.1.11

Pre-disaster hazard mitigation and post-disaster 

recovery/mitigation fish passage related actions 

requested by applicants

Varies annually based on disaster declarations and on 

budgets allocated for those grants that are not 

dependent on disaster declarations.
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Focus Lead Agency # Action Resources

(subject to appropriations)

NOAA, 

USFWS 2.2.1.12

Collaborate with State Fish Passage 

Removal Board (FPRB)

See actions 2.1.1.6 through 2.1.1.11 above

EPA 2.2.2.1

Engage with Washington State to support 

and update the Floodplains Implementation 

Strategy 

FTE to participate in meetings. The combined estimated 

cost for reducing flood risk and restoring salmon 

habitat over the next 10 to 20 years is over $3 billion, 

with approximately $2.2 billion associated with flood 

risk reduction projects and $120 million/year 

associated with salmon recovery to define federal role 

in elements of the implementation strategy. 

EPA 2.2.2.2 Convene working group to coordinate riparian 

science, and corridor protection and restoration

.1-.2 FTE/ Agency

EPA 2.2.2.3

Reach scale planning and coordinate and fund 

riparian easements and restoration in priority 

stream reaches

$3.0M Puget Sound Geographic Funds pass through to 

Washington State

USGS, 

USFWS 2.2.2.4

Assist state and local partners in completing the 

development of a floodplain mapping and 

prioritization tool

$300,000, FTE to participate in technical meetings

NOAA 2.2.2.5

Improve community resilience through climate 

change science, modeling, and response

TBD

FEMA, NOAA 2.2.2.6

Continue to implement the National Flood 

Insurance Program (NFIP) Jeopardy Biological 

Opinion (BiOp) for Puget Sound

2.0 FTE FEMA, 0.5 FTE NOAA

FEMA 2.2.2.7

Improve community resilience by increasing 

incentives to move development away from 

high risk areas also important to recovery/FEMA 

subprogram to encourage beneficial functions

TBD

NOAA 2.2.2.8

Support Salmon Recovery Support for Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund, 

$65M in FY 2016 (NOAA). Sustain funding for Puget 
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Focus Lead Agency # Action Resources

(subject to appropriations)

Sound Coastal Program (USFWS), Wetlands Reserve 

Easements Program (NRCS). Federal programs, such as 

the Federal Lands Transportation Program (FLTP), 

Federal Lands Access Program (FLAP) and the Tribal 

Transportation Program (TTP) can fund in-stream 

habitat enhancement connected to environmental 

concerns of conducting actions like road repair or 

reconstruction. There are large-scale in-stream projects 

associated with the Puget Sound habitat strategic 

initiative where funding needs are equal to or greater 

than $2M.

NRCS 2.2.2.9

Continue to implement the Agricultural 

Conservation Easement Program (ACEP)

$1.8M annually Statewide for ALE easements and 

almost $1M available for WRE acquisition and wetland 

restoration practice implementation.

NRCS 2.2.2.10

Resource Conservation Partnership Program 

(RCPP)

FY 2017 Proposals have already been submitted and 

funded, FY 2018 should be announced sometime during 

the summer of 2017.

NOAA 2.2.2.11

NOAA Community-based Restoration Program 

(CRP)

Ongoing appropriations

NOAA, 

USFWS 2.2.2.12

Natural resource damage assessment (NRDA) Ongoing appropriations. Funding for restoration 

projects and Trustee participation provided by PRPs 

through settlement or adjudication.

NOAA, 

USFWS, 

NRCS 

2.2.2.13

Support integrated floodplain corridor project 

planning and implementation

FTE, funding 
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Focus Lead Agency # Action Resources

(subject to appropriations)

NOAA 2.2.2.14

Collaborate with tribes, and state and local 

organizations to govern the Snohomish 

Coordinated Investment (CI) Initiative

Coordination and collaboration are already the 

mandate of named institutions 

NOAA, FEMA 2.2.2.15

Coordinate with state and local partners on the 

Floodplain Management Forum

0.50 FTE or equivalent over 2 years, to serve as liaison 

between federal agencies and local partners would 

strengthen follow through

NOAA 2.2.2.16

Test Improvements in funding coordination 

(Coordinated Investment Initiative)

0.5 FTE Federal funding liaison to the State Water and 

Salmon Grant Coordination Group would accelerate 

implementation.

USACE, NRCS 2.2.2.17

Skokomish River Ecosystem Restoration Project 65% Federal share of $20M in partnership with the 

Skokomish Tribe and Mason County, annual resource 

needs will vary.

USACE 2.2.2.18

Green/Duwamish River Ecosystem Project 65% Federal share in partnership with King County and 

various local governments, annual resource needs will 

vary.

USACE, EPA, 

NRCS, NOAA 2.2.2.19

Dungeness River Ecosystem Restoration 

Feasibility Study in partnership with the 

Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe

50% Federal share of $3M study in partnership with the 

Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe.

BIA 2.2.2.20

Establish reliable relationships between stream 

flow levels and fish habitat

TBD

USACE 2.2.3.1

Puget Sound Nearshore Ecosystem Restoration 

Project (PSNERP)

65% Federal share of $452M project overall in 

partnership with the Washington Department of Fish 

and Wildlife, annual resource needs will vary.

USACE 2.2.3.2

Puget Sound Master Plan Implementation of 

projects from the Corps’ Puget Sound 

Restoration Tiered Implementation Strategy, as 

50-65% Federal share for each $5-$15M project 

depending on the project phase, annual resource needs 

will vary
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Focus Lead Agency # Action Resources

(subject to appropriations)

established by the Puget Sound Nearshore 

Ecosystem Restoration Study

USACE, 

NOAA, EPA, 

USFWS, 

USDA

2.2.3.3

Estuary Restoration Act Projects Annual project-specific requirements will vary

NOAA, USGS 2.2.3.4

Snohomish Estuary Restoration Evaluation $200K/year

USFWS 2.2.3.5

Puget Sound Coastal Program ~$250K /year. Usually fund 4-5 projects/year with most 

funding decisions made in January-February.

USFWS 2.2.3.6

National Coastal Wetland Conservation Grant 

Program

+$20M nationally. Up to $1M per project. Applications 

due in June, decision announced Dec.-Jan.

USFWS 2.2.3.7

National Fish Passage Program $15 - $80K per project. Applications due November 15 

annually

NOAA, EPA 2.2.3.8

Protection of ESA habitat landward of the 

Corps’ Clean Water Act jurisdictional boundary

1-2 FTEs/year in the beginning of the coordination 

process

EPA, NOAA 2.2.3.9 Coastal Improvement Team 0.5 FTE/year/agency

USACE, EPA, 

NOAA 2.2.3.10

2017 Nationwide Permit Regional Conditions No additional resources needed at this time

EPA, NOAA 2.2.3.11

Support state agencies regarding HPA 

enforcement, SMA implementation, 

streamlined permitting of restoration projects

Existing staff time + 0.25FTE/agency for the first two 

years
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Focus Lead Agency # Action Resources

(subject to appropriations)

Stormwater

EPA 2.3.1

Implement research advancing practical 

solutions for stormwater management

$500K in federal funding annually over next five years

EPA 2.3.2

Facilitate and support effective storm water 

management on Federal and Tribal 

lands/facilities under EPA’s Clean Water Act 

jurisdiction

1 – 2 FTE/year, in the form of permitting and technical 

staff at EPA, and USFWS/NOAA to complete permit 

development and technical analysis, including 

appropriate coordination, negotiation, and consultation 

with all regulated entities. ~$250,000/year in grants or 

discretionary funding to assist regulated Tribal 

governments within the Urbanized Area with capacity 

development and implementation of their local storm 

water management program. 

FHWA, FTA 2.3.3 Stormwater treatment as part of transportation 

projects 

Washington State receives approximately $600 million 

in Federal-aid highway funds per year.

EPA 2.3.4

Refine and implement Stormwater Retrofit 

Prioritization Methodology

Combined 1 FTE from multiple team members over a 

five-year period

EPA, USGS 2.3.5

Regional Stormwater Monitoring Program 

(RSMP)

~0.25 annual FTE total, minimum $100K federal funding 

annually

EPA 2.3.6

Invest and Support Source Control Programs $300K federal funding annually over next five years

EPA 2.3.7

Coordinate to support state development of 

water quality guidance for nonpoint sources on 

agricultural lands

one FTE annually

Federal 

Lands and 

Facilities

USFS 2.4.1

Decommission and stabilize National Forest 

System roads

$880,000/year would be needed to complete the 

identified road treatments in Priority Watersheds 

within the 5-year period. Annual needs would vary 

depending on the specific projects selected. The 

Olympic and Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forests 
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Focus Lead Agency # Action Resources

(subject to appropriations)

anticipate receiving approximately $430,000 in USFS 

Legacy Roads and Trails funding over the next three 

years to implement road decommissioning and road 

stabilization projects. Additional funding to accelerate 

important restoration of road derived impairments to 

water quality and fisheries habitat will be sought 

through grants and partnerships. Accomplishments will 

be proportional to available funding and our capacity to 

plan, design, and implement projects.

FHWA, USFS 2.4.2

Utilize flexibility within the ERFO program Additional resources necessary to fund modifications to 

improve structure performance will be dependent on 

the number and magnitude of storm damage sites and 

annual congressional appropriations.

USFS 2.4.3

Protect aquatic habitat on National Forest 

System lands

$1.2 M/year. The Olympic and Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie 

National Forests are managed under their respective 

Forest Plans and the NWFP Aquatic Conservation 

Strategy. Appropriated agency funds provide support 

for aquatic specialists to provide input and monitor 

activities effecting aquatic habitats. The capacity of 

Forests to monitor watershed conditions, develop 

partnerships, and implement restoration projects will 

be proportional to the funding available.

Vessel Traffic and 

Pollution 

Prevention and 

Response

USCG 2.5.1 Implementation of new inspection regulations No additional resources needed at this time

USCG 2.5.2

Implementation of Commercial Fishing Vessel 

voluntary compliance program

No additional resources needed at this time

USCG 2.5.3 Effectively manage vessel activities No additional resources needed at this time
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Focus Lead Agency # Action Resources

(subject to appropriations)

USCG 2.5.4

Effectively manage vessel traffic and coordinate 

joint prevention and response activities

No additional resources needed at this time

USCG 2.5.5

Support multi-agency effort to develop vessel 

traffic risk assessment

No additional resources needed at this time

USCG 2.5.6

Develop plans and interagency cooperation for 

pollution response

The USCG and EPA are cost sharing ESA Section 7 

Consultation on the Northwest Area Contingency Plan 

at the cost of $200K. The USCG and EPA, through a 

subcommittee of the National Response Team, are

working with NOAA and DOI at the headquarters lever 

and in consultation with field offices to find ways to 

reduce cost and improve collaboration in the field.

USCG 2.5.7

Coordinate international cooperation for 

preparedness and response activities

No additional resources needed at this time

Shellfish

EPA 2.6.1

Water quality protection and Pollution 

Identification and Correction (PIC) Programs

$5M/year Puget Sound Geographic Program funds 

passed through support to state agencies

EPA 2.6.2

Puget Sound ‘No Discharge Zone’ (NDZ) $500K/year through the Puget Sound National Estuary 

Program

NRCS 2.6.3

Environmental Quality Initiative Program (EQIP) No additional resources required at this time

USCG, NOAA 2.6.4

Oil spill preparedness and planning 0.25 FTE/year

NOAA 2.6.5

Ocean acidification monitoring $275K/year in support validation and OA product 

enhancement of J-SCOPE forecast system for 

Washington and Oregon coastal waters; total needed is 

16% Federal share of ~$1.7M/year NOAA investment 

towards sustained monitoring, data quality assurance 
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Focus Lead Agency # Action Resources

(subject to appropriations)

and synthesis, and advanced OA technology 

development specific to the California Current Large 

Marine Ecosystem.

NOAA 2.6.6

Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) detection and 

prediction

$90K/year (Sound Toxins at $40K/year; the 

Environmental Sample Processor at $50K/year, for 5 

years); total needed is 10% Federal share of ~$5M 

project in partnership with WA Department of Health, 

WA Sea Grant, tribes, shellfish growers, environmental 

learning centers, tribes, and private citizens.

NOAA 2.6.7

Pathogenic vibrio detection and prediction $80K/year for three years, $50K/year for two years for 

work in partnership with WA Department of Health, 

commercial harvesters, and tribes; NOAA Fisheries 

supports this effort at ~$86K/year, subject to 

Congressional appropriations

NOAA 2.6.8

Conservation genetic risk assessment $100K/year; in partnership with WA Department of Fish 

and Wildlife and other collaborators.

USACE, 

NOAA, 

USFWS

2.6.9

Implement aquaculture regulatory framework No additional resources required at this time

NOAA 2.6.10

Habitat value of shellfish $100K/year for five years

NOAA 2.6.11

Native shellfish hatchery $320K/year(funding for full time FTE at $200K/year; 

continued operations and maintenance at $120K/year); 

total needed is 25% federal share of $5M project in 

partnership with state agencies, tribes and other 

collaborators.
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Focus Lead Agency # Action Resources

(subject to appropriations)

NRCS 2.6.12

Native Oyster Restoration Projects Annual request for funding of this program has been 

supported by NRCS through the EQIP program.
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Appendix C. Puget Sound Tribal Management 

Conference Comments

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Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Appendix D. Priority Federal Science and Monitoring for Puget Sound

Agency/

Organization

Project description

Annual budget

(FY 2016)

Outyear

(FY 17’ – FY 21’)

US Fish and 

Wildlife Service 

(FWS)

Assess stormwater runoff impacts in urban/urbanizing watersheds of Puget Sound 

by identifying the highest priority toxic stormwater runoff threats to salmonids & 

their habitats. 

$300,000 TBD

Develop & implement green stormwater strategies to ensure the ecological integrity 

of salmon habitats by identifying mitigation strategies to aid long-term habitat 

conservation & restoration. 

$300,000 TBD

United States 

Geologic Survey 

(USGS)

Implement the Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) at the scale of Puget 

Sound to model the combined impacts of sea level rise, increased winter river 

flooding, and storm surge on large storm-related coastal flood events

$1,000,000 / TBD $1,000,000 per 

year

Assess and monitor the delivery and routing of sediment to prioritized large river 

deltas and nearshore environments to aid restoration and floodplain protection 

efforts and characterize the resilience of these environments to climate change and 

sea level rise.

$400,000 / Habitats 

Strategic Initiative, 

USGS Programmatic 

Funds, other partners

$300,000/ year 

Generate and compile data and information on groundwater resources and water 

use to assist development of WRIA and regional-scale water-resource management 

strategies that are protective of summer low flows while ensuring adequate water 

supply for domestic, agricultural, and other out-of-stream uses.

$350,000 / Habitats 

Strategic Initiative & 

USGS programmatic 

funds

$350,000/year

Compile Puget Sound basin stream temperature data from multiple sources to 

include newer data (post-2013) and data for currently data-poor areas, model the 

data, and map stream temperature/cold water refugia at finer scales than the 

existing NorWEST tool 

$150,000 / TBD $100,000/year
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Agency/

Organization

Project description

Annual budget

(FY 2016)

Outyear

(FY 17’ – FY 21’)

Continue post-dam removal sediment studies in the Elwha River system, including 

studies of ecosystem responses to changes in the sediment-regime. 

$200,000 / USGS 

programmatic funds & 

USEPA IAG

$150,000/year

Conduct comprehensive retrospective study of Thornton Creek (Seattle) restoration 

outcomes (water quality, stream flow, and biotic responses), synthesizing longerterm monitoring activities from USGS (NAWQA “Urban Indicator” site), WA Dept of 

Ecology, and other agencies. This project will serve as a model of synthesizing 

different monitoring program data as a model for effectiveness monitoring.

$150,000 / TBD $150,000/year 

TBD

National Oceanic 

and Atmospheric 

Administration 

(NOAA)

Develop and implement a basin-scale habitat status and trends assessment for 

watersheds and associated marine nearshore

$215,000/NOAA 

programmatic funds 

and TBD

Develop an ecosystem-scale model for Puget Sound in collaboration with the Marine 

Survival Project. Atlantis is the platform for ecosystem scale model.

$150,000/NOAA 

programmatic funds 

and Marine Survival 

Project

$300,000

Develop hindcast and forecast tools to assess juvenile marine survival of ESA-listed 

Pacific salmon coupled with process studies on growth and survival.

$600,000 for 2 years, 

$250,000 long 

term/TBD

$150,000 TBD

Conduct hypothesis-based process studies for forage fish and eel grass $152,000/NOAA 

programmatic funds 

and TBD

$300,00 need in 

years 1- 2; 

$250,000 

annually after 

that, TBD
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Agency/

Organization

Project description

Annual budget

(FY 2016)

Outyear

(FY 17’ – FY 21’)

Assess next-generation monitoring tools such as eDNA for use in monitoring juvenile 

salmon outmigration in large rivers.

$125,000/NOAA 

programmatic funds 

and TBD

$125,000 TBD

Continue annual zooplankton monitoring program through a distributed network 

approach with multiple collaborators

$340,000/TBD $150,000 TBD

NOAA with USGS 

and NPS

Continue collaborative monitoring of the Elwha watershed post dam removal. $479,000/NOAA 

programmatic funds 

and partnership

$350,000 TBD

Conduct investigations on the impact of urbanization on marine ecosystems and on 

water quality (stormwater) and potential mitigation options

$350,000/NOAA 

programmatic funds 

and TBD

$450,000 TBD

Federal Shellfish Research Program $325,000 (over next 

four 

years)/programmatic 

funds and TBD

$300,000 TBD

NOAA with 

Washington Sea 

Grant

Early warning system for harmful algae blooms and Vibrios $158,000/NOAA 

programmatic funds 

and TBD

$325,000 NOAA 

programmatic 

funds over three 

additional years, 

then TBD
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Agency/

Organization

Project description

Annual budget

(FY 2016)

Outyear

(FY 17’ – FY 21’)

United States 

Forest Service 

(USFS)

Continue to implement watershed-scale habitat status and trends assessment for 

watersheds and aquatic habitats as part of the Aquatic and Riparian Effectiveness 

Monitoring Program (AREMP) and the National Watershed Condition Framework.

$150,000 TBD

Natural 

Resources 

Conservation 

Service (NRCS)

NRCS has requested participation in the Conservation Effects Assessment Project 

(CEAP) for Puget Sound. CEAP assessments are carried out at the field, watershed 

and landscape scale and include analysis of the cumulative effects and benefits of 

conservation practices on the natural resources and environment.

Edge of Field Monitoring contracts. NRCS anticipates obligating four contracts with 

individual producers to quantify the impacts of conservation work on water quality.

$460,000 $400,000 (FY 

17’)

The Regional Stormwater Monitoring Program (RSMP) is a collaborative monitoring 

program with western Washington municipal stormwater permittees, federal and 

state agencies to measure the effectiveness of stormwater management actions and 

communicate widely applicable information on the finding. 

$400,000 (under EQIP)

$10,000 staff

$500,000 (under 

EQIP)

$10,000 staff

EPA VELMA project to model effectiveness of riparian buffers and other watershed 

management practices

$60,000 $60,000

Develop and implement a strategy for budget alignment among the federal agencies 

for science & monitoring activities in Puget Sound.

.2 -.3 FTE .2 - .3 FTE
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Agency/

Organization

Project description

Annual budget

(FY 2016)

Outyear

(FY 17’ – FY 21’)

Support the Science and Monitoring Work Group’s design and development of a 

formal Puget Sound Science Program tasked with providing the best possible 

scientific information to inform recovery decisions.

.2 - .3 FTE .2 - .3 FTE

Support increased coordination between federal, tribal, state, local, and academic 

science and monitoring programs and activities.

.2 - .3 FTE .2 - .3 FTE 

Interagency 

participation, 

coordinated 

through Science 

and Monitoring 

Work Group

Develop an integrated Federal/State/private research plan to support long-term 

ecosystem recovery in Puget Sound that includes a process for updates at an 

appropriate frequency. An important part of this research plan would involve the 

development and communication of a conceptual model of the linked socialecological complex systems that can serve as the foundation for many science 

activities, including linked ecosystem models, the development of hypothesis-based 

monitoring systems, and supporting an interdisciplinary (natural and social sciences) 

research program across the many institutions active in Puget Sound.
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Appendix E. Forest Service Road Decommissioning, Storage, Stabilization Project Priorities

Watershed (5th 

Code HUC/6th 

Code HUC)

Miles 

of Road 

Treated

Estimated 

Cost

Forest Service 

Watershed Status Project Summary Project Status

Suiattle River/Big 

Creek 5.2 $230,000

USFS Watershed 

Condition 

Framework - Priority 

Watershed

A construction contract will be put 

in place to decommission the 

following roads: 2642070, 2642080 

and 2643. 

The Project has been tentatively approved for 

funding in FY17 under the Forest Service 

Legacy Road and Trail (CMLG) funding. This 

project is covered in the Suiattle River ATM 

EA (2012). The Skagit River System 

Cooperative (the science and research body 

that represents the Sauk-Suiattle and 

Swinomish Tribes) is currently working on a 

road assessment that will support designs for 

this project. 

Suiattle River/Big 

Creek 2.5 $120,000

USFS Watershed 

Condition 

Framework - Priority 

Watershed

A construction contract will be put 

in place to hydrologically close the 

following roads: 2641, 2640 and 

2660012. 

The Project has been tentatively approved

for funding in FY17 under the Forest Service 

Legacy Road and Trail (CMLG) funding. This 

project is covered in the Suiattle River ATM 

EA (2012). The Skagit River System 

Cooperative is currently working on a road 

assessment that will support designs for this 

project. 

White 

River/Headwaters 

White River

1.3 $233,000

USFS Pacific NW 

Aquatic Conservation 

Strategy - Focus 

Watershed

A construction contract will be put 

in place to decommission the 

following roads: 7065210, 

7060410, 7000255, 70000510, 

70000610, 7080350, 7080450 and 

3 unauthorized roads.

The Project has been tentatively approved for 

funding in FY18 and FY19 under the Forest 

Service Legacy Road and Trail (CMLG) 

funding. This project is covered by the 

Greenwater ATM NEPA (2016). 
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Watershed (5th 

Code HUC/6th 

Code HUC)

Miles 

of Road 

Treated

Estimated 

Cost

Forest Service 

Watershed Status Project Summary Project Status

White 

River/Headwaters 

White River

6.9 $268,000

USFS Pacific NW 

Aquatic Conservation 

Strategy - Focus 

Watershed

A construction contract will be put 

in place to store the following 

roads: 7000210, 7000250, 

7000310, 7000810, 7063, 7063210, 

7063410, 7063610, 7068, 7068210, 

7068211, 7068212, 7068214, 

7068218, 7068400, and 7068600.

The Project has been tentatively approved for 

funding in FY18 and FY19 under the Forest 

Service Legacy Road and Trail (CMLG) 

funding. This project is covered by the 

Greenwater ATM NEPA (2016). 

North Fork 

Nooksack 

River/Glacier 

Creek

8.3 $588,000

USFS Pacific NW 

Aquatic Conservation 

Strategy - Focus 

Watershed

A construction contract will be put 

in place to decommission the 

following roads: 3910000, 

3910010, 3910025, 3910030, 

3910105, 3940000, 3940020, 

3940022 and 3940025. 

The Project has been tentatively approved for 

funding in FY18 and FY19 under the Forest 

Service Legacy Road and Trail (CMLG) 

funding. This project is covered by the NF 

Nooksack ATM NEPA (2016). 

Dungeness River/ 

Middle 

Dungeness River

6.3 $310,000

USFS Watershed 

Condition 

Framework - Priority 

Watershed

Decommission Forest Roads 

2875020 (0.6 mi); 2875070 (1.8 mi); 

2877050 (0.7 mi); 2877090 (1.4 mi); 

2878050 (0.6 mi); 2878110 (0.9 mi); 

Close, remove culverts, and place 

in storage Forest Road 2877052 

(0.3 mi)

The Project has been tentatively approved for 

funding in FY19 under the Forest Service 

Legacy Road and Trail (CMLG) funding. This 

project is consistent with Dungeness 

Collaborative Watershed Restoration Plan, 

Dungeness River Management Team 

Recommended Restoration Projects for the 

Dungeness River, North Olympic Lead Entity 

Salmon Recovery Strategy, Puget Sound 

Partnership Action Agenda for Puget Sound, 

Puget Sound Chinook Recovery Plan, and the 

Draft Recovery Plan for WA Coastal/ Puget 

Sound Bull Trout. A watershed-scale NEPA is 

currently underway for road 

decommissioning and closure projects in the 

Dungeness watershed. 
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Watershed (5th 

Code HUC/6th 

Code HUC)

Miles 

of Road 

Treated

Estimated 

Cost

Forest Service 

Watershed Status Project Summary Project Status

Dungeness River/ 

Middle 

Dungeness River

11.1 $690,000

USFS Watershed 

Condition 

Framework - Priority 

Watershed

A total of 29 undersized culverts on 

perennial or intermittent streams 

will either be replaced, the fills will 

be lowered to reduce diversion 

potential, or overflow pipes 

installed. Roads to be treated 

include: 2880000 (1.0 mi); 

2870000 (4.5 mi); 2870050 (2.8 mi); 

and 2878000 (2.0 mi).

This project is consistent with Dungeness 

Collaborative Watershed Restoration Plan, 

Dungeness River Management Team 

Recommended Restoration Projects for the 

Dungeness River, North Olympic Lead Entity 

Salmon Recovery Strategy, Puget Sound 

Partnership Action Agenda for Puget Sound, 

Puget Sound Chinook Recovery Plan, and the 

Draft Recovery Plan for WA Coastal/ Puget 

Sound Bull Trout.

Dungeness River/ 

Headwaters 

Dungeness River

1.1 $120,000

USFS Pacific NW 

Aquatic Conservation 

Strategy - Focus 

Watershed

Decommission Forest Road 

2870000 (1.1 mi); Relocate existing 

Tubal Cain Trail Head to new EMP 

of 2870000 road. 

A watershed-scale NEPA is currently 

underway for road decommissioning and 

closure projects in the Dungeness watershed. 

Dungeness River/ 

Headwaters 

Dungeness River

0.1 $110,000

USFS Pacific NW 

Aquatic Conservation 

Strategy - Focus 

Watershed

2870270 - Replace road crossing 

near 2870 road with appropriate 

size structure to reduce potential 

for plugging 

White 

River/Headwaters 

White River

8.6 $259,000

USFS Pacific NW 

Aquatic Conservation 

Strategy - Focus 

Watershed

A combination of treatments will 

be applied to the road surface, 

ditchline and outsloped areas. 

These treatments could include 

installation of: drain dips, rocking 

stream crossings, adding cross 

drainage, reclaiming ditchlines, etc. 

The roads in which storm proofing 

treatments will occur include: 

7060, 7060110, 7060210, 7060310, 

7060311, 7060313, 7060315, 

7060316, 7060318 and 7060319.

 This project is covered by the Greenwater 

ATM NEPA (2016). 
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Watershed (5th 

Code HUC/6th 

Code HUC)

Miles 

of Road 

Treated

Estimated 

Cost

Forest Service 

Watershed Status Project Summary Project Status

Dungeness River 24.5 $1,060,000

USFS Pacific NW 

Aquatic Conservation 

Strategy - Focus 

Watershed

Complete remaining 24.5 miles of 

road decommissioning, closure, 

and storage on Forest Service roads 

within the Dungeness River 5th 

field watershed

This project is consistent with Dungeness 

Collaborative Watershed Restoration Plan. A 

watershed-scale NEPA is currently underway 

for road decommissioning and closure 

projects in the Dungeness watershed. 

Dungeness River 43.6 $410,000

USFS Pacific NW 

Aquatic Conservation 

Strategy - Focus 

Watershed

Complete remaining storm damage 

risk reduction treatments on 43.6 

miles of Forest Service roads within 

the Dungeness River 5th field 

watershed

This project is consistent with Dungeness 

Collaborative Watershed Restoration Plan. A 

watershed-scale NEPA is currently underway 

for road decommissioning and closure 

projects in the Dungeness watershed. 
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Appendix F. Forest Service Fish Passage Project Priorities

Project 

Priority

Project Name Watershed (5th Code 

HUC/6th Code HUC)

Miles of 

Habitat 

Reconnected

Estimated 

Cost

Forest Service Watershed Status

Salmon, Steelhead 

and/or bull trout 

recovery plan 

focus project?

1

Straight Creek Aquatic 

Organism Passage

Suiattle River/Circle 

Creek-Suiattle River

0.2 miles $95,000

USFS Watershed Condition 

Framework - Priority Watershed

Y

2

East Fork East Twin 

Aquatic Organism Passage

Lyre River/Twin River

1.6 miles $925,000 Y

3

All Creek Aquatic 

Organism Passage

Suiattle River/Tenas 

Creek-Suiattle River 0.25 miles $95,000

USFS Watershed Condition 

Framework - Priority Watershed Y

4

Conrad Creek Aquatic 

Organism Passage

Suiattle River/Tenas 

Creek-Suiattle River 0.5 miles $100,000 USFS Watershed Condition Framework - Priority Watershed Y

5

Boyd Creek Aquatic 

Organism Passage 

Upper North Fork 

Nooksack River/Boyd 

Creek

0.5 miles $140,000

USFS Pacific NW Aquatic 

Conservation Strategy - Focus 

Watershed

Y

6

Greenwater River Aquatic 

Organism Passage

Upper White 

River/Greenwater River 1.1 miles $640,000

USFS Pacific NW Aquatic 

Conservation Strategy - Focus 

Watershed

Y

7

WF White River Aquatic 

Organism Passage and 

Road Decommissioning

Upper White River/WF 

White River

$200,000

USFS Pacific NW Aquatic 

Conservation Strategy - Focus 

Watershed Y
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Project 

Priority Project Name

Watershed (5th Code 

HUC/6th Code HUC)

Miles of 

Habitat 

Reconnected

Estimated 

Cost

Forest Service Watershed Status

Salmon, Steelhead 

and/or bull trout 

recovery plan 

focus project?

8

SF Stillaguamish Aquatic 

Organism Passage 

SF Stillaguamish River

1.5 miles $910,000

USFS Watershed Condition 

Framework - Functioning at Risk 

from Road Effects Y

9

Silver Springs Creek 

Aquatic Organism Passage

White 

River/Headwaters 

White River 0.3 miles $150,000

USFS Watershed Condition 

Framework - Functioning at Risk 

from Road Effects Y

10

Intake Creek Aquatic 

Organism Passage

Upper Green 

River/Twin Camp Creek 0.6 miles $260,000

USFS Watershed Condition 

Framework - Functioning at Risk 

from Road Effects

Y

11

Northeast Creek Aquatic

Organism Passage

Upper Green 

River/Sunday Creek 0.7 miles $130,000

USFS Watershed Condition 

Framework - Functioning at Risk 

from Road Effects

Y

12

Little Sandy Creek Aquatic 

Organism Passage 

Baker River/Lower 

Baker Lake

1.0 miles $440,000

USFS Watershed Condition 

Framework - Functioning at Risk 

from Road Effects N

13

Sauk River Aquatic 

Organism Passage

Upper Sauk River/Falls 

Creek-Sauk River

0.12 miles $110,000

USFS Watershed Condition 

Framework - Functioning at Risk 

from Road Effects Y
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Project 

Priority Project Name

Watershed (5th Code 

HUC/6th Code HUC)

Miles of 

Habitat 

Reconnected

Estimated 

Cost

Forest Service Watershed Status

Salmon, Steelhead 

and/or bull trout 

recovery plan 

focus project?

14

Suiattle River Off-channel 

Enhancement and Creek 

Aquatic Organism Passage

Suiattle River/Circle 

Creek-Suiattle River

$425,000

USFS Watershed Condition 

Framework - Priority Watershed

Y

15

Chain-Up Creek Tribe

Aquatic Organism Passage

Upper North Fork 

Nooksack River/Glacier 

Creek(?)

$100,000

USFS Pacific NW Aquatic 

Conservation Strategy - Focus 

Watershed

Y

16

Swamp Creek Tribe

Aquatic Organism Passage

Upper North Fork 

Nooksack River/Swamp 

Creek(?) $90,000

USFS Pacific NW Aquatic 

Conservation Strategy - Focus 

Watershed Y

17

Slippery Creek Aquatic 

Organism Passage

Upper White 

River/Slippery Creek $100,000

USFS Watershed Condition 

Framework - Functioning at Risk 

from Road Effects

N - passage at 

lower dams is 

being planned

18

Midnight Creek Aquatic 

Organism Passage

Upper White 

River/Greenwater River $220,000

USFS Pacific NW Aquatic 

Conservation Strategy - Focus 

Watershed

Y

19

Greenwater River Offchannel Habitat 

Enhancement and Aquatic 

Organism Passage No. 1

Upper White 

River/Greenwater River

$120,000

USFS Pacific NW Aquatic 

Conservation Strategy - Focus 

Watershed Y

20

Greenwater River Offchannel Habitat 

Enhancement and Aquatic 

Organism Passage No. 2

Upper White 

River/Greenwater River

$120,000

USFS Pacific NW Aquatic 

Conservation Strategy - Focus 

Watershed Y
Puget Sound Federal Task Force Action Plan FY 2017-2021 - Interim Draft 

Project 

Priority Project Name

Watershed (5th Code 

HUC/6th Code HUC)

Miles of 

Habitat 

Reconnected

Estimated 

Cost

Forest Service Watershed Status

Salmon, Steelhead 

and/or bull trout 

recovery plan 

focus project?

21

Twenty-eight Mile Creek 

Aquatic Organism Passage 

No. 1

Upper White 

River/Greenwater River $110,000

USFS Pacific NW Aquatic 

Conservation Strategy - Focus 

Watershed

Y

22

Twenty-eight Mile Creek 

Aquatic Organism Passage 

No. 2

Upper White 

River/Greenwater River $110,000

USFS Pacific NW Aquatic 

Conservation Strategy - Focus 

Watershed

Y

23

George Creek Aquatic 

Organism Passage 

Upper White 

River/Greenwater River $110,000

USFS Pacific NW Aquatic 

Conservation Strategy - Focus 

Watershed

Y

24

Pyramid Creek Tribe

Aquatic Organism Passage 

Upper White 

River/Greenwater River $300,000

USFS Pacific NW Aquatic 

Conservation Strategy - Focus 

Watershed

Y