Data from the

NATIONAL SURVEY OF FAMILY GROWTH

ContraceptiveUtilization

UnitedStates

Statistics, based on data collected in 1973, are presented on the

use of contraception by currently married women, never married

women with offspring of their own living in the household, and

~widowed, divorced, and separated women. The percentage of

women using contraception and the percentages of contracepting

women using specific methods are distributed by race and age of

the respondent and by various socioeconomic variables.

DHEW Publication No. (PHS) 79-1978

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

Public Health Service

Office of Health Research, Statistics, and Technology

National Center for Health Statistics

Hyattsville, Md. ‘September 1979

Series 23

Number 2
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Ford, K~thlecn

Contraceptive utilization, United St:ites.

(Vital and health statistics : Series 23, L):it:i from thr X~ti[Jn:d Sltr!e) f~i’ I::imil>’

Gro\vth ; n{). 2) (L)IIE\V publication ; (L’HS) 79-1978)

Includes Lihliograpllical references.

1. Birth c(Jntri)l--United States- Statistics. 2. (;otlt];[<cl)tioll” .-~nitcd Statrs - Sl:itislics.

I. Title. II. Series: United States. N,]ti{)nal Center Ior 11(’alth Statistics. t’i~,d .Ind lIcalth

statistics : Series 23, Data from the N:ltion:ll SLir\{> of l:lmil) (;~(]~vth ; no. !. JII. Selics:

United St:ttes. Dept. of” Health, Education , .~nd ll’cll, trc. l)lll:.\\’ I)ttt)lic-:ltion ;(1’11S) 7!)- 1978.

HQ766.5.U5F64 613.9’ 4’097.; 78-23702

ISBN ()-84()6-()1 48-4
NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH, STATISTICS

DOROTHY P. RICE, Director

ROBERT A. ISRAEL, Deputy Director

JACOB J. FELDMAN, Ph.D., Associate Director for Arudysis

GAIL F. FISHER, Ph. D., Associate Director for the Cooperative Health S tatistics System

ROBERT A. ISRAEL, A cting Associate Director for Data Systems

JAMES T. BAIRD, JR., Ph.D., Associate Director for International Statistics

ROBERT C. HUBER, Associate Director for Management

MONROE G. SIRKEN, Ph. D., Associate Director for Mathematical S tatistics

PETER L. HURLEY, Associate Director for Operations

JAMES M. ROBEY, Ph.D., Associate Director for Program Development

PAUL E. LEAVERTON, Ph.D., Associate Director for Research

ALICE HAYWOOD, Information Officer

DIVISION OF VITAL STATISTICS

JOHN E. PATTERSON, Director

ALICE M. HETZEL, Deputy Director

WILLIAM F, PRATT, Ph. D., ChieJ Family Growth Survey Branch

MABEL G. SMITH, Chiex Statistical Resources Branch

RITA U. HOFFW, Chief, Programming Branch

Vital and Health Statistics-Series 23-No. 2

DHEW Publication No. (PHS) 79-1978

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 78-23702
CONTENTS

Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................

Principal Findings ...................................................................................................................................

Contraceptive Use Among Married Couples ............................................................................................

Age and Race ....................................................................................................................................

Hispaoic Origin .................................................................................................................................

Region ..............................................................................................................................................

Poverty Level Income .......................................................................................................................

Parity ................................................................................................................................................

Labor Force ......................................................................................................................................

Education .........................................................................................................................................

Religion ............................................................................................................................................

Contraceptive Use Among Widowed, Divorced, and Separated Women ..................................................

Contraceptive Use Among Never Married Women With Own Offspring in the Household ......................

List of Detailed Tables ...........................................................................................................................

Appendixes

I. Technicaf Notes ........................................................................................................................

IL Definitions of Terms .................................................................................................................

III. Selected Sections of the Currently Married Women Questionnaire of the National Survey of

Family Growth .......................................................................................................................

1

2

3

5

6

6

6

7

i’

7

8

9

10

36

42

44

LIST OF FIGURES

1. Percent of married couples, wife 15-44 years of age, using contraceptives by method used: United

States, 1965, 1970, and 1973 ...................................................................................................... 2

2. Percent of currently married women 15-44 years of age using contraceptives, by method used and

age: United States, 1973 ............................................................................................................ 5

3. Percent of currently married women 1544 years of age.using contraceptives, by method used and

race: United States, 1973 ............................................................................................................ 6

4. Percent of currently mamied women 1544 years of age using contraceptives, by poverty level

income: United States, 1973 ....................................................................................................... 7

5. Percent of currently married women 15-44 years of age using contraceptives, by education:

United States, 1973 ..................................................................................................................... 8

6. Percent of currently married women 1544 years of age using contraceptives, by religion and

race: United States, 1973 ............................................................................................................ 8

...

Ill
LIST OF TEXT TABLES

A. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of age and percent distribution by contraceptive status, according to race and age: United States, 1973 ...................... ................ .................... 3

B. Number of currently married women 1544 years of age using contraceptives and percent distribution by method of contraception used, according to race and age: United States, 1973 ........ .... 4

SYMBOLS

Data not available -------------------------------------- ---

Category not applicable ---------------------------- . . .

Quantity zero ----------------------------------------- -

Quantity more than O but less than 0.05---- 0.0

Figure does not meet standards of

reliability or precision ---------------------------

*

iv
CONTRACEPTIVE UTILIZATION IN THE UNITED STATES

Kathleen Ford, Ph.D., formerly with the Division of Vital Statistics

INTRODUCTION

The National Survey of Family Growth

(NSFG), a periodic survey conducted by the

National Center for Health Statistics, was designed to provide information on fertility, family planning, and aspects of maternal and child

health that are closely related to childbearing.

This report presents statistics on the use of contraception by currently married women in the

United Statesl and by previously married

women and single women with offsprimg of their

own living in the household. Data on contraceptive status and method used are presented

according to race and age of the respondent and

according to various socioeconomic variables.

The NSFG findings were based on personal

interviews with about 9,800 women 15-44 years

of age who were either ever married or single

with their own offspring living in the household.

Respondents were selected for participation in

the survey on the basis of a multistage probability sample representing the household population of the conterminous United States. The

interviews were carried out in the 8-month

period centering on September 13, 1973. Additional information concerning survey desi~,

sampling variability, and definition of terms will

be found in appendixes I and II of this report.

1Some of the data for currently married women

presented here were previously published in National

Center for Health Statistics: Contraceptive utilization

among currently married women 1544 years of age,

United States, 1973, by K. Ford. Monthly Vital Statistics ~ef)ort. vol. 25-No. 7, Supp. DHEW Pub. No.

(HR.A) 76-1120. Health Resources Administration.

Roclwille, Md. Oct. 4, 1976.

In this report, terms such as “similar” and

“the same” mean that no statistical significance

exists between the statistics being compared.

Terms relating to differences such as “greater”

and “less” indicate that the differences are statistically significant at the 0.05 level of confidence. Lack of comment regarding the difference between an}7 two statistics does not mean

that the difference was tested and found to be

not significant.

PRINCIPAL FINDINGS

An estimated 18.5 million, or 69.6 percent,

married couples with wife of childbearing age in

the United States in 1973 were using contraceptive methods to plan their families. Of these,

69.2 percent, or 12.8 milIion couples, were using

the highly effective methods of the oral contraceptive pill, sterilization, or the intrauterine

device (IUD). These ‘figures represent a continuing increase both in the proportions of couples

using contraception and in the use of “modem”

methods over data reported from eadier studies.

The percent of currently married couples

using contraception was not significantly different between those with the wife 15-29 years of

age (70.2 percent) and those with the wife 30-

44 years (69.1 percent). Contracepting wives

under age 30 (76.8 percent of contracepting

wives aged 15-29 years) w’ere more likely than

older wives (62.8 percent of contracepting wives

aged 30-44) to be using the pill, the IUD, or

sterilization. Among the younger wives, the pill,

used by 53.6 percent of contraceptors, was the

most popular method. Among the older wives,

1
sterilization was the most popular method with

17.7 percent who had been sterilized themselves

and 16.1 percent whose husbands had been

sterilized.

White couples (70.5 percent) were more

likely than black couples (60.0 percent) to be

using contraception. Among couples with the

wife of Hispanic origin, the proportion was 65.5

percent.

Although black couples were less likely to

use contraception, those who did (80.9 percent)

were more likely than white couples (68.4 percent) to use the modern methods of pill, IUD,

and sterilization.

In 1973, 43.0 percent of previously married

women—those who were widowed, divorced, or

separated-reported using a contraceptive

method. Use was higher among postmarried

women under age 30 (52.5 percent) than among

women aged 30 and older (37.7 percent).

Among single women with offspring of their

own living in the household, 56.6 percent were

using a contraceptive method.

The pill, IUD, and sterilization were the

methods used by the majority of women using

contraception regardless of marital status.

CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG

MARRIED COUPLES

In the United States, the proportion of married couples using contraception to plan their

families steadily increased from 1960 to 1973.

In 1960, 50.4 percent of currently married

women were using contraception.2 By 1965,

this proportion had risen to 63.9 percent and

had reached 65.0 percent by 1970.3 In 1973,

2The nationwide sample survey the Growth of

American Families Study (GA F-11) is reported in Fertility and Family Planning in the United States, by P.K.

Whelpton, A.A. Campbell, and J.E. Patterson, Princeton,

N.J., Princeton University Press, 1966. The 1960 figure

was computed from the computer tape for this survey

obtained from the Data and Program Library Service at

the University of Wisconsin at Madison.

3The fiws”t~d ~cond Nation~ Fertflity studies

(NFS-I and N FS-11) are reported, respectively, in Reproduction in the United States, 1965, by N.B. Ryder and

C.F. Westoff, Princeton, NJ., Princeton University press,

1971, and in “The Modernization of U.S. Contraceptive

Practice,” by C.F. Westoff, in Fare. Plann. Perspect.

4(3): 9-12, July 1972.

according to results from the National Survey

of Family Growth, 18.5 million, or 69.6 percent, of all married couples were using a

method.

In addition to an increased proportion of

couples using contraceptive methods, the type

of methods used has also been changing (figure 1). In 1973, 12.8 million couples were using

the pill, the intrauterine device, or sterilization.

For convenience, since they have been known or

widely accepted as methods of family planning

only since 1960, these methods are referred to

in this report as the modern methods of contraception. As can be determined from figure 1,

the use of modern contraceptive methods increased 13.9 percentage points among currently

married women between 1965 and 1970 and

10.5 percentage points between 1970 and 1973.

In other words, the proportion of couples using

contraception (contraceptors) who were using

El Sler, hzatmn, PIII,

and IUD

1! 37,7

H

48,2

I

1965” 1976’ 1973

Js!, ”,,., R,lm’,,u, ,,, !,,,,,,, {),. {

Figure 1. Percent of married couples, wife 15-44 years of age,

using contraceptives by method used: United States, 1965,

1970, and 1973

2
modern methods rose from about 37 percent in

1965 to about 69 percent in 1973. This is an

increase in use of methods which have been

shown to be more effective in preventing accidental pregnancies among married couples.4~5

The more traditional methods of family planning, including the condom, the diaphragm,

foam, rhythm, withdrawal, douche, and other

methods (primarily jelly, cream, suppositories,

and abstinence), correspondingly decIined during this period.

In data presented in this report the contraceptive status of currently married women and

the methods they reported are as of the time of

the interview. In an effort to plan their pregnancies, the proportion of couples currently using

contraception (69.6 percent) is therefore smaller

than the proportion who have ever used a

method and even smaller than the proportion

who regularly use a method. The 14.3 percent

4Ryder, N. B.: Contraceptive failure in the United

States, Farm Plum.. Perspect. 5(3): 133-142, Summer

1973.

5Pages 331-335 of first reference cited in footnote 3.

of women who were pregnant at the time of

interview, who were seeking pregnancy, or had

just completed a pre~ancy (post partum) included many who had previously used contraception and many who would return to the

practice. Since these women, along with those

who are completely sterile (7.5 percent ), are not

“at risk” of an unplanned pregnancy, they are

not included when measuring the current use of

contraception to avoid unplanned births. In

1973 contraceptors comprised 89.0 percent of

currently married women “at risk” of an unplanned pregnancy at the time of interview.

Age and Race

The percent of currentIy married women

using contraception was not significantly different between wives 15-29 years of age and wives

30-44 years of age (tables A, 1, and 2). Differences between the age groups as the reason for

not using contraception Ia.rgely reflect differences in stages of the Iife cycle. Most noncontracepting younger wives 15-29 years of age

were pregnant, post partum, or trying to become

Table A. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of age and percent distribution by contraceptive status, according to race

and age: United States, 1973

Noncontraceptors

Number

of Al I Contra- Pregnant,

Race and age women

women ceptors post

in Total Sterile

Other

partum, or

thousands

nonusers

seeking

pregnancy

Al I racesl II

1544 years ....................................................

H

26,646 100.0

15-29 years .......................... .......................................... 12,040 100.0

30-44 years .................................................................... 14,606 100.0

White

15-44 years .........................................................

k

15-29 years .................................................................... 10,963 I

100.0

30-44 years ... ............................................................. .... 13,286 100.0

Black I I

15-44 years ......................................... ............. ...

~

15-29 years .................................................................... 964

I

100.0

3044 years ..... ................................. ....... .................. ..... 1,117 100.0

Percent distribution

69.6 30.4

70.2 29.8

69.1 30.9

70.5 29.5

70.7 29.3

70.3 29.7

60.0 40.0

63.7 36.3

56.8 43.2

14.3 1 7.5 !

8.6

23.0 1.3 5.5

7.1 12.6 11.2

14.2 I 7.4 I 7.8

23.0 1.3 5.0

7.0 12.5 10.1

3
pregnant; most noncontracepting older wives

were sterile or other nonusers. Among these

“other nonusers, ” the reasons for not using contraception included indifference to the risk of

pregnancy, a low risk of pregnancy due to some

impairment of fecundity, and religious or personal objections to contraception.

White wives (70.5 percent) were more likely

than black wives (60.0 percent) to be using a

contraceptive method. Among white wives aged

15-29 years, 70.7 percent were using a contraceptive method, and among black wives aged

15-29 years, 63.7 percent were using contraception. For the age groups 30-44 years, 70.3 percent of white wives and 56.8 percent of black

wives were using contraception.

Women not using contraception were divided

into three groups: (1) those pregnant, post partum, or seeking pregnancy, (2) sterile women,

and (3) other nonusers. The proportions of

women either currently pregnant, seeking pregnancy, post partum, or sterile were about the

same for black and white wives. However, 17.9

percent of black wives were not using contraception for other reasons compared with only

7.8 percent of white wives.

The modern methods of family planning–

the pill, sterilization, and the IUD–dominated

contraceptive practice. They were used by 69.2

percent of all currently married contraceptors

(tables B, 3, and 4). The pill, the most popular

method, was used by 36.1 percent, about 6.7

million women. Female sterilization for contraceptive reasons accounted for another 12.3

percent and male sterilization for 11.2 percent.

Altogether one or the other partner of about 4.4

million couples had been sterilized for contraceptive reasons. The IUD was. used by 9.6 percent of contraceptors, about 1.8 million wives.

The more traditional methods (diaphragm,

condom, foam, rhythm, withdrawal, douche,

and other) accounted for the remaining 30.7

percent of contraceptive use. Of these methods, the condom was most popular. It was used

by 13.5 percent of currently married co,ntraceptors, about 2.5 million couples. The diaphragm, foam, rhythm, withdrawal, douch6, and

other methods each accounted for 5 percent or

less of contraceptive use.

Contracepting wives under 30 years of age

(76.8 percent of contracepting wives aged 15-

29 years) were more likely than older wives

(62.8 percent of contracepting wives aged 30-44

yearn) to be using one of the more modern

methods (table B, figure 2). Among these

younger wives, the pill, used by 53.6 percent of

contraceptors, was the most popular method.

The IUD was used by 12.0 percent of contraceptors; female sterilization, by 5.9 percent; and

male sterilization, by 5.3 percent of contraceptors. In this age group, 23.1 percent were using

the more traditional methods: the condom was

Table B Number of currently marr,ed women 15.44 years of age using contraceptwes and percent dtstrlbutnon by method of contraception used, according to race and

age Un!ted States, 1973

All racesl

15.44 years ... ,.

15-29 Veals ....................................

30-44 years

Whtte

15.44 years.

15.29 years. ,..

30.44 years

—Black

15-44 years ., ., ,,,,, ,,,,,

1- 18,543

8,451

10,092

k

17,102

7,756

9,346

I 1,249

15.29 years. 1

614

30.44 years . 635

Method of contraceptmn

All

:ontra. Female Male Dia.

:eptors Sterlll’ sterlll. Pill IUD Condom Foam Rhythm

Withph ragm drawal Douche Other

zatlon zat, on

Percent dwtr!button

100.0 12.3 112 361 9,6 3,4 13.5 5.0 4.0 2.1 0.8 1.9

100.0 59 53 53.6 12,0 25 10.0 5.1 2.0 1.5 “o 4 1.6

100.0 17,7 161 214 7.6 4,2 16.4 4.9 5.7 2.7 1.2 2.1

100,0 11.6 119 35.5 9.4 3.6 14.1 5.0 4,1 2.2 0.7 1,9

100.0 5,7 56 52,9 11,9 2.6 10,5 5.3 2.0 1.5 “0.3 1.7

100.0 165 171 21,2 7.4 4.4 17.1 4.7 5.9 2,8 1.0 2.1

100,0 22.7 .1,7 438 12,7 2.0 53 5,0 ‘1.3 ‘0.7 3.0 ‘1.6

1000 9.8 .07 63.9 13.1 ‘1.2 “3.1 “3.5 ‘1.6 ‘0.5 ‘2.1 ‘0.5

100,0 35.2 ‘2 7 24.3 12.4 “2.8 7.5 6.6 ‘0.9 ‘0.9 4.0 “2.7

4
m Male sterhzatm.

m

Female stt?rdwatmn

16,3

I 41 I

1544 y4:Jr5 1529 ye.m 30.!4 vcdrs

AGE

Figure 2. Percent of currently married women 15-44 years of

age using contraceptives, by method used and age: United

States, 1973

employed by 10.0 percent of contraceptors;

foam, by 5.1 percent, the diaphragm, by 2.5 percent, rhythm, 2.0 percent, withdrawal by 1.5

percent, and douche and other methods by 2.0

percent.

In the age group 30-44 years, sterilization

was the most popular method, including 17.7

percent who had been sterilized and 16.1 percent whose husbands had been sterilized. The

percents of older wives using the pill (2 1.4 percent) or IUD (7.6 percent) were less than the

percents using these methods among wives under

30 years of age (53.6 percent and 12.0 percent,

respectively). The more traditional methods encompassed 37.2 percent of contraceptive practice among older women. The condom was used

by 16.4 percent, rhythm, by 5.7 percent; foam,

by 4.9 percent; and the diaphragm, by 4.2 percent. Withdrawal accounted for 2.7 percent;

douche, for 1.2 percent; and other methods

accounted for 2.1 percent of contraceptive

methods.

Although black \vomen were less likely to

use any contraception, those who did were more

lilieIy than white women to be using the modern

methods of the pill, IUD, and sterilization.

These methods were used by 80.9 percent of

black contraceptors compared with 68.4 percent

of white contraceptors. As a consequence, the

difference in the proportion of all black and

white currently married women 15-44 years of

age using the modern methods of family planning was not statistically si~ificant (48.5 percent of black wives and 48.3 percent of white

wives) (figure 3).

The percent of contraceptors selecting

sterilization as their method did not differ significantly between white and black couples

(23.5 percent and 24.4 percent, respectively).

However, while maIe sterilization accounted for

half of aIl contraceptive sterilizations among

white couples, fewer than 1 in 10 sterilizations

among black coupIes were performed on the

husband.

Hispanic Origin

The level of contraceptive practice among

currently married women of Hispanic origin

(tabIes 5 and 6) is lower than that for ZS.11white

women and higher than that for all black

women. Contracepting couples account for 65.5

percent of aIl couples in which the wife is of

Hispanic origin compared with 70.5 percent of

all white couples and 60.0 percent of black

couples. The percent of contraceptors using

modern methods among Hispanic origin was

about 4 percentage points greater than that of

all white wives but nearIy 9 percentage points

lo\ver than that of all black m~i~’es. Overalll the

proportion of wives of Hispanic origin who were

protected by the modern methods was not significantly different than in either of the other

groups. About 1 in 3 contraceptive sterilizations

was performed on the husband among couples

with wi~~es of Hispanic origin, which is substantially more frequent than among black couples

but well below the frequency of white coupies.

5
Male $ter(l,zam. Female m?,,l,zat,m

,O-PI m,.. mothermethod,

70

60

50

+

z

$

& 40

30

20

10

0

+,0

All races] White Black

RACE

1Indudcs u,,, “11,,, !h,” wh,,c and black

Figure 3. Percent of currently married women 15-44 years of

age using contraceptives, by method used and race: United

States, 1973

Region

Differences among the four major regions of

the United States in the percent of couples using

contraception were not statistically significant,

ranging from 67.6 percent in the South Region

to 71.4 percent in the West (tables 7 and 8).

Among those using contraception, the percent

using modern methods was greatest in the West

(79.8 percent) and smallest in the Northeast

(56.9 percent).

The percent of white couples sterilized

ranged from 16.0 percent in the Northeast to

34.8 percent in the West. However, the regional

variation in the percent sterilized was smaller

for black couples, ranging from 22.4 percent in

the West to 27.5 in the North Central, a statistically nonsignificant difference. Among contraceptively sterile couples, the percent of sterilizing operations performed on the male partner

was small in all regions for black couples but was

higher for white couples in the West (60.3 percent) and the North Central (57.1 percent) Regions than in the South (39.4 percent) and the

Northeast (38.7 percent).

Poverty Level Income

The contraceptive practices of couples differ

with total family income. In tables 9 and 10

family income is shown as a ratio of total family income to poverty level income as defined by

the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The proportion

using contraception was lowest among wives

with incomes below the poverty level (figure 4).

This is seen among both younger and older

wives. While modern ‘methods of contraception

were used by the large majority of contraceptors

at all income levels, contracepting wives 30-44

years of age with income twice the poverty level

or more were Iess likely to be using these methods. However, the use of male sterilization was

highest among this group.

Parity

In tables 11 and 12 contraceptive status of

women and the methods used are shown in relation to parity of the women (the number of live

births they have had). The proportion of currently married women using contraception was

lowest for women with no live births or only

one live birth and was highest for women with

two to four Lve births. Among those not using

contraception, more women were pregnant or

post partum or trying to become pregnant in the

lowest parity group than in the higher parities.

The proportion of noncontraceptors who were

sterile was highest among women with five live

births or more. In all parities the modern methods were used by the majority of contraceptors,

but the pill was most popular among the low

parity women, many of whom wanted to have

additional children. Sterilization was the most

popular method among higher parity women,

many of whom had all the children they wanted.
Figure 4. Percent of currently married women 15-44 years of

age using contraceptives, by povarty level income: United

States, 1973

Labor Force

There was not a statistically significant difference in the percent of contraceptors between

women in the labor force (70.5 percent) and

those not in the Iabor force (68.9 percent) (table

13). A greater proportion of women not in the

labor force were not using contraception because they were pregnant, post partum, or seeking pregnancy; many of them might otherwise

have been in the labor force. Women in the labor

force had a high proportion of noncontraceptors

as a result of sterility and other reasons.

The majority of contraceptors both in and

out of the labor force used the modern methods

(table 14). Contraceptors among the white

women in the labor force were more likely than

those not in the labor force to be using the modern methods (71.2 percent of contraceptors in

the labor force compared with 66.5 percent of

contraceptors not in the Iabor force). For black

contraceptors use of modern methods was not

related to labor force participation.

Education

Women with less than a high school education were less likely to be using a contraceptive

method than those with more education (table

15). In 1973, 62.3 percent of women with less

than a high school education were using a contraceptive method, whiIe 71.1 percent of women

with a high school education and 74.4 percent

of women with more than a high school education were using a method. At all educational

levels, white women were more likely than black

women to be using a contraceptive method

(figure 5).

The use of the modern methods of family

planning among contraceptors was highest for

both black and white women at the lowest educational level. This was due, mainly, to greater

use of female sterilization (table 16) among

women with less than a high school education.

Religion

Among couples where the wife was white,

Jewish couples were most likely to be contraceptors (84.9 percent), Protestants folIowed

(72.0 percent), and Catholics were the Iowest

(66.3 percent) (figure 6, table 17). Among black

couples, the Protestants (59.2 percent) were less

likely than the Catholics (70.4 percent) to be

contraceptors.

In eveq reIigious group, the modern methods of family planning were used by the majority of contraceptors (table 18). Among white

couples, Protestant contraceptors were more

likely to be using the modem methods (71.2

percent) than Jewish contraceptors (64.3 percent) or CathoIic contraceptors (62.6 percent).

Jewish wives 30-44 years of age were less likely

than other white wives to use femaIe sterilization and more likeIy to

phragm, or the condom.

use the IUD, the dia7
I

I

high school

n

n

EDUCATION

Figure 5. Percent of currently married women 1544 years of

age using contraceptives, by education and race: United

States, 1973

CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG

WIDOWED, DIVORCED, AND

SEPARATED WOMEN

In analyzing data on contraceptive use by

married women the assumption was implicitly

made that all nonsterile women are currently

exposed to pregnancy. Although unmarried

women do become pregnant, exposure to intercourse may be intermittent, and therefore

women not using contraceptives include many

women who have no regular use for contraceptives. Contraceptive status of the unmarried

women in the sample was determined according

to the rules used for married women; however,

unmarried women who were not using a method

90 —

80 -

70 —

60 —

50 -

b

z

g 40 .

2

30 —

20 —

10 —

o—

n“”’”

n

Cathohc

RELIGION

Figure 6. Percent of currently married women 15-44 years of

age using contraceptives, by religion and race: United

States, 1973

were not asked if they were trying to get pregnant, and any who were seeking pregnancy

would fall into the “other nonuser” category.

Furthermore, it is suspected that questions concerning contraceptive use are sensitive for some

unmarried women because reporting use of a

method may be considered equivalent to reporting sexual activity. As a consequence, the estimates of proportions using contraception shou~d

be considered minimal.

For convenience, in the following discussion

widowed, divorced, and separated women will

be referred to, collectively, as postmarried

women. Divorced women comprised 50.4 per-
cent, separated women 38.2 percent, and widowed women 11.4 percent of the postmarried

women.

In 1973, 43.0 percent of the widowed, divorced, and separated women reported using a

contraceptive method, 2.9 percent were pregnant or post partum, 9.0 percent were sterile,

and 45.1 percent were nonusers for other reasons (tabIe 19). The percent of women classified

as other nonusers was higher than among the

married women probably because fewer of the

postmarried women were sexually active.

More women under 30 years of age (52.5

percent) reported contraceptive use than the

women 30 and over (37.7 percent). Postman-ied

women under age 30 were more likely than the

older women to be pregnant or post partum and

less likely to be sterile or other nonusers.

Black postmarried women were more likely

to report contraceptive use than were white

postmarried women, 47.2 percent and 41.6 percent, respectively. White women were more

likely than black women to be other nonusers.

The specific methods used by the postmarried women were similar to those used by married women—the pill, IUD, and sterilization

dominated use. The pill was the most important

method for contraceptors under 30 (59.5 percent), while female sterilization was most important for women 30-44 (38.8 percent) (table 20).

CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG NEVER

MARRIED WOMEN WITH OWN OFFSPRING IN THE HOUSEHOLD

Never married women” with their own offspring living in the household are not representative of all never married women. Many other

never married women experience one pregnancy

or more which end in other ways—fetal death,

induced abortion, or adoption. They may ako

leave the category because of marriage; those

who had married by the survey date were included with the currently married or postmarried groups.

In 1973, 56.6 percent of never married

women with offspring of their own in the household were using a contraceptive method. Use

was higher among the women 15-29 years of age

(60.4 percent) than among the women 30-44

years of age (42.6 percent) (table 21). The ,

younger women who were not contraceptors

were more likely than the older women to be

pregnant or post partum, while the older women

were more likely to be sterile or among other

nonusers.

As with women of other marital statuses, the

pill, IUD, and sterilization dominate the contraceptive practice of the never married women.

These three methods were used by 87 percent of

contraceptors (table 22).

000

9
LIST OF DETAILED TABLES

1. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of age by contraceptive status, race, and age: United States, 1973 ..............

2. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of age and percent distribution by contraceptive status, according to race

and age: United States, 1973 ................................................................ ....................................................................................

3. Number of currently married women 1544 years of age using contraceptives by method of contraception used, race, and

age: United States, 1973 ...........................................................................................................................................................

4. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of age using contraceptives and percent distribution by method of contraception used, according to race and age: United States, 1973 ............................ ................ .......................................................

5. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of age and percent distribution by contraceptive status, according to origin

and age: United States, 1973 ....................................................................................................................................................

6. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of age using contraceptives and percent distribution by method of contraception used, according to origin and age: United States, 1973 ...... ..........................................................................................

7. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of age and percent distribution by contraceptive status, according to geographic region, race, and age: United States, 1973 ...................... ..............................................................................................

8. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of age using contraceptives and percent distribution by method of contraception used, according to geographic region, race, and age: United States, 1973 .....................................................................

9. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of age and percent distribution by contraceptive status, according to

poverty level income, race, and age: United States, 1973 ..... .............................................................. .......................................

10. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of age using contraceptives and percent distribution by method of contraception used, according to poverty level income, race, and age: United States, 1973 .............................................................. ..

11. Number of currently married women 1544 years of age and percent distribution by contraceptive status, according to

parity, race, and age: United States, 1973 .................................................................................................................................

12. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of age using contraceptives and percent distribution by method of contraception used, according to parity, race, and age: United States, 1973 .................................... ...................................................

13. Number of currently married women 1544 years of age and percent distribution by contraceptive status, according to labor

force status, race, and age: United States, 1973 ........... .............................................................................................................

14. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of age using contraceptives and percent distribution by method of contraception used, according to labor force status, race, and age: United States, 1973 .....................................................................

15. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of age and percent distribution by contraceptive status, according to education, race, and age: United States, 1973 ........................... ....................................................................................................-

16. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of age using contraceptives and percent distribution by method of contraception used, according to education, race, and age: United States, 1973 ........ ....................................... .................................

17. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of age and percent distribution by contraceptive status, according to religion, race, and age: United States, 1973 ....... ...........................................................................................................................

18. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of age using contraceptives and percent distribution by method of contraception used, according to religion, race, and age: United States, 1973 ...................................................................................

19. Number of widowed, divorced, and separated women 15-44 years of age and percent distribution by contraceptive status,

according to race and age: United States, 1973 ......................................... .............................. ..................................................

12

13

14

15

15

16

17

19

21

23

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

10
20. Number of widowed, divorced, and separeted women 15-44 years of age using contraceptives and percent distribution by

method of contraception used, according to race and age: United States, 1973 ............................ .... ........................................ 33

21. Number of never married women 15-44 years of age with offspring of their own in the household and percent distribution

by contraceptive status, according to age: United States, 1973 .. ........................ ....................................................................... 34

22. Number of never merried women 15-44 yeers of age with offspring of their own in the household using contraceptives and

percent distribution by method of contraception used, according to aga: United States, 1973 .... ............................................. 34

11
Table 1. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of age by contraceptive status, race, and age: Unitad States, 1973

Race and age

All racesl

15-44 years ................ ......... ........ ..................... .....................

15-19 years .. .................................................................... ....... ..............

20-24 years ................................................ ...................... ................ .....

25-29 years ........... .............. ................ ...................... .............. .. ....... .....

30-34 years .... .................................................... .............................. .....

35-39 years ............................ .......................................................... .....

40-44 years .......... ................................................................... ..............

White

15-44 years ...................................... ...... ................ ........ ............

15-19 years .................................................................... ......................

20.24years ........................................ ......... ....................... ...................

25-29 years ..... ...................................... ................................................

30-34 years ......................................................... ........ ............ ........ ......

35-39 years ................................................................. .................... ......

40-44 years ...........................................................................................

Black

15-44 years .......... ...... ................ .................... ............................

15-19 years ..... ................................................................... ...................

20-24 years ............................ .............................. .............. ...................

25-29 years ...................... .......................................................... ...........

30-34 years ...................... ....................... ..............................................

35-39 years ...... ...................... .......... ............ .......... ............................ ...

40-44 years ..... ........ .. ...... ................ .............................. .............. ..........

lIn~]udes races other th~ white and b]a~k,

II I

Noncontraceptors

26.646 II 18,543

1,028 586

4,949 3,524

6,063 4,342

5,248 3,900

4,632 3,241

4,726 2,951

T

24,249 17,102

915 524

4,469 3,195

5,579 4,037

4,768 3,588

4,199 2,997

4,320 2,761

2,081 /l 1,249

-1- 96 49

451 313

417 252

402 265

347 201

367 169

Number in thousands

8,104

-

442

1,426

1,721

1,349

1,391

1,775

7,147

391

1,274

1,542

1,180

1,202

1,558

3,807

368

1,133

1,270

628

286

122

3,451

325

1,033

1,166

555

262

109

It832 291

47 39

138 91

164 90

138 50

146 *I3

199 *8

1,996

*4

*I7

133

329

553

960

1,805

*4

*I3

122

299

510

857

168

*3

*I2

26

34

93

2,300

*7O

276

317

391

553

693

1,890

*61

228

254

325

430

591

373

*8

44

63

62

99

97

12
Table2. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of age and percent distribution by contraceptive status, according to race

and age: United States, 1973

J-E All Contrawomen ceptors

Total

Noncontraceptors

Number

of

women

in

thousands

Pregnant,

post

partum, or

seaking

Race and age Other

nonusers

Sterile

pregnancy I

I

All racesl Percent distribution

15-44 years .................................................... 26,646 100.0 69.6 30.4 14.3 7.5 8.6

1,028

4,949

6,063

5,248

4,632

4,726

24,249

5,384

10,347

8,518

2,081

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

57.0

71.2

71.6

74.3

70.0

62.4

70.5

43.0

28.8

28.4

25.7

30.0

37.6

29.5

35.8

22.9

21.0

12.0

6.2

2.6

“0.4

*0.3

2.2

6.3

11.9

20.3

7.4

●0.3

4.1

16.0

8.1

*0.6

4.6

17.8

6.8

5.6

5.2

7.5

11.8

74.7

7.8

5.4

5.6

12.0

17.9

9.5

15.3

27.5

15-19 years ....................................................................

20-24 years ..... ....... ............................................... .........

25-29 years ........... ....... ..................................................

30-34 years ....................................................................

35-39 years ..................................................... ...............

40-44 years ................................................................ ....

White

15-44 years ................................ ......................... 14.2

25.2

16.6

4.4

15-24 years ................................ ........................ ............

25-34 years .................................................. .............. ....

35-44 years ....................................................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

69.1

73.7

67.6

60.0

30.9

26.3

32.4

40.0

Black

15J$4 years ....... .............................................. .... 14.0

23.8

17.0

‘3.0

15-24 years ....................................................................

25-34 years ............ ........................................................

35-44 years ............................................. .......................

547

819

715

100.0

100.0

100.0

66.1

63.1

51.8

33.9

36.9

48.2

llncludes races other than white and black.

13
Table 3. Number of currently married women 1544 years of age using contraceptives by method of contraception used, race, and age: United States,

1973

Method of contraceptmn

All

:Ontra- Female Male

sterili -

Dia- With-

:eptors sterlt I- Plll IUD Condom Foam phragm Rhythm drawal Douche Other

zation zation

Race and age

Al I races 1

1544 years ... ... ..

15-19 years .. ... ... .. . .... .. ... .... ..

20-24 years ... .. . ..... ... ... ... .... . .

25-29 years . .. ... ..... . .. .. .. .. .... ..

30-34 years ... .... ... .. .... .... . ...

35-39 years,.., ... . .... .... .... ... ...

4044 years ..... ... .... . .. .. ..... ... .

Whtte

15-44 years . ... ... .. . ...

15-19 years . .... .... . .... .. .. .... ....

20-24 years . .... .... . .... .... .... . ...

25-29 years . .... ... ... ... .... .... ....

30-34 years . .... . .... .... .... ... .. .. .

35-39 years . .. .. . .... .... ... .. ... . .. .

40-44 years . . .... .... .... .. ..... .. ...

Black

15-44 years . ... ... ... ...

15-19 years ...... . .... .... . ... .. .. . ..

20-24 years ... ... ..... .... .. ...... . ..

25-39 years .. . .... .... . ... ... .... .. ..

30-34 years . .. .... .... . .... .. .. .... ..

35-39 years .. .. .. . .... . ....... . ... . ..

40-44 years . .. .. .. .... . ... . .. .. .... ..

Number In thousands

18,543 636 2,501

586

3,524

4,342

3,900

3,241

2,951

17,102

2.289 2.077 6.690 1.781 927 746 392 155 348

“o

148

351

581

569

639

1,980

‘4

B6

360

563

601

462

2,033

451

2,230

1,849

1,062

654

443

6,078

●31

399

584

439

244

B3

1,608

‘8

“56

146

114

152

160

610

“46

294

502

594

487

578

2,408

“17

143

276

222

145

125

857

*8

’71

92

171

1B6

219

703

●8

’37

79

‘ 68

103

97

378

●I

●lo

●26

’33

*28

*58

118

*5

’19

● 24

’21

●48

38

“11

“50

76

●52

*71

88

328

524

3,195

4,037

3,568

2,997

2,761

1,249

“4

86

347

547

591

458

21

397

1,999

1,704

962

5B9

427

547

“ 29

359

533

3B9

228

71

159

“8

“56

139

106

148

154

*25

●43

264

485

565

473

559

67

’17

134

264

200

124

118

63

‘8

’60

86

152

178

218

“16

“8

“36

’72

*68

98

96

*9

’11

●5O

73

●49

*64

81

● 20

125

314

525

4B3

531

284

49

313

252

265

201

169

‘o

●23

37

51

82

91

41

225

126

96

48

“11

●3

40

38

50

“16

’12

●3

●4

’11

’14

*I5

●I9

‘1

‘0

*2

*5

*I

‘1

‘5.

●7

*9

●7

+’9

*o

“4

“11

*2

‘4

●1

‘7

‘8

“4

‘6

‘9

’12

●22

.’13

*7

●6

‘5

“1

*3

●1

*3

*3

‘7

*7

llncludes races Other than white and black.

14
Table 4. Number of currently married women 15.44 years of age using contraceptwes and percent dmtrlbut, on bV method of comracept!on used, according 10 race and

age: Umted States, 1973

Method of contraceptmn

All

contra. Female Male

sterrltDla.ceptors stersl,. Pill IUD Condom Foam Wnh.

phragm Rhythm drawal Douche

zatlon zatlon

Other

Number

of cOntraceptors

In

thousands

18,543

586

3,524

4,342

3,900

3,241

2,951

17,102

Race and age

All racesl

1544 years. ......... .........

15-19 years ....................................

20.24 years ....................................

25.29 years ....................................

30.34 years ....................................

35.39 years ....................................

40.44 years ....................................

White

15-44 years ........................

15.24 years .. ............ .... ..................

25.34 years.., ............... ...... .. ........ ..

35.44 years ............ .... ................

—Black

1544 years .........................

15.24 years .,.,.,...,.,...,...,.,.,.,.......,..

25.34 Veals., ......................... .........

35.44 years ....................................

100.0 . 3.4 13.5 5.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

12,3 11.2 36.1 9.6 4.0 2.1 0.8 1.9

‘0.1

4,2

8.1

14.9

17,6

21.6

11.6

“0.7

2.5

8.3

14.4

18.6

75.7

11.9

77.0

63.3

42.6

27.2

20.2

15.0

35.5

“5.3

11,3

13.5

11,3

7.5

2.8

9.4

‘1.3

‘1,6

3.4

2.9

4,7

5,4

3.6

“7.9

8.3

11.6

15.2

15.0

19.6

14.1

“2.8

4.1

6.4

5.7

4.5

4.2

5.0

‘1.4

2.0

2.1

4.4

5.7

7.4

4.1

‘1.4

‘1.0

1.8

1.8

3.2

3.3

2.2

‘0.1

‘0.3

‘0.6

‘0.8

“0,9

‘2.0

0.7

“1,8

“1.4

1,8

“1.3

2.2

3.0

1.9

3,719

7,625

5,758

1,249

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

3.4

11.0

17.6

22,7

2.4

11.7

18.2

“7.7

64.4

35,0

17.6

43.8

10.4

12.1

5.2

12.7

“1.7

3.2

5.2

2.0

8,B

13.8

17.9

5.3

4,0

6,1

4.2

5.0

‘1,8

3,1

6,9

“1.3

‘1.2

1,8

3.4

“0.7

“0.1

“0.6

“1.2

3.0

“1.6

1.6

2.5

“1 6

362

517

370

100,0

100,0

100.0

“6.4

17.0

46.6

“0.1

“2.8

‘1.6

73.6

429

15.9

11.9

17.0

7.7

“0.1

‘2,9

‘2,7

“2,1

4.9

9.1

‘2.5

6.6

“5.3

“1.5

“1.1

“1.2

‘0.3

‘0.3

●1.6

‘1.5

●3.1

‘4,4

‘1,2

‘3.8 —

1Includes races uther than wh:tc ~nd black

Table 5. Number of currently married women 1544 years of age and percent distribution by contraceptive status, according to origin

and age: United States, 1973

Noncontraceptors

-1- Of All

women

women

in

thousands

Pregnant,

Contra- II

ceptors

Origin and age post I

Sterile

Other

partum, or

nonusers

seeking

Total

pregnancy I

I

All origins

1544 years ....................................................

Hispanic

15-44 years .........................................................

15-28 years ............................ ...................... ..................

30-44 years .................. .......... .............................. ..........

Other origins

15.44 years .........................................................

15-29 years ................................. ...................................

30-44 years .................................. .......... ................. ..... ..

Percent distribution

26,646 7

100.0 69.6

1,676

906

770

100.0 65.5 34.5 m

4-

100.0 67.6

100.0 63.7

100.0 69.9

100.0 70.4

100.0 69.4

32.4

36.3

26.2 *6.2

12.8 10.9 12.6

24,970 14.0 7.6 8.6

11,270

13,700

30.1

29.6

30.6

22.8 1.4 5.5

6.7 12.7 11.1

15
Table 6. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of age u$mg contraceptwes and percent dtstrlbutlon by method of ccmtracepticm used, according to origin and

age, Umted States, 1973

Number Method of contraceptmn

of contra. All

Or,gin and age ceptors cOntra- Female Male

In

Dlasterl l,. steriliWith.

ceptors P,ll IUD Ccmdom Foam phragm Rhythm Douche Other

thousands zation zatlon

drawal

All origins

I

15-44 years ....................

k

18,543

Hispanic

1544 years .. ......................

W

15-29 years . ................................... 520

30-44 years ...................... ............ .. 578

Other origins I

~

15-44 years ........ .................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

T

12.3 11.2

16.4 ] 7.6

“1O.5 ‘5.3

21.7 “8.7

*

12.1 11.4

5.6 5,3

17,5 16.5

Percent distribution

36.1 9.6 3.4 13.5 5.0 4.0 2.1 0,8 1.9

35.0 13.3 ●2.7 .10.7 “2.8 *3.2 ‘3.4 ‘0.9 “4, 1

48.8 15.9 “1.9 ‘7.3 “?.8 ‘1.6 “3.9 ‘1.0 ‘2.0

22.6 10.8 “3.5 13.7 ●3.6 ●4,6 “2.9 “0.9 “5.9

36.1 9.4 3.5 13.7 5.1 4.1 2.0 0.8 1.7

53.9 11.8 2.5 10.1 5.4 2.0 1.3 ‘0.4 1.6

21.3 7.4 4.3 16.6 5.0 5.8 2.6 1.2 1.9

16
Table 7. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of age and percent distribution by contraceptive status, according to geographic

region, race, and age: United States, 1973

II I

Noncontracept ors

Number

of

women

in

:housands

Geographic region, race,l and age

NORTHEAST

AI I races

15J14 years .................................................................

15-24 years .................................................................................

25-34 years .................................................................................

3544 years .................................................................................

White

15-44 years ......................................................................

15-29 years .................................................................................

3044 years .................................................................................

Black

15-44 years ......................................................................

15-29 years ..................................... ............................................

30-44 years .................................................................................

NORTH CENTRAL

All races

15-44 years .................................................................

15-24 years .................................................................................

25-34 years .................................................................................

3544 years .................................................................................

White

1544 years ......................................................................

15.29 years .......................... ..................................................... .

3044 years .................................................................................

Black

15-44 years ......................................................................

15-29 years .................................................................................

30-44 years .................................................................................

SOUTH

All races

1544 years .................................................................

15-24 years .................................................................................

25-34 years .................................................................................

3544 years .................................................................................

] ,411races includes races other than white and black.

Percent distribution

5,374 100.0 70.7 29.3 14.2 5.5 9.6

‘5.0

6.5

15.2

9.2

909

2,407

2,05B

4,880

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

73.5

73.8

65.9

71.4

26.5

26.2

34.1

28.6

21.6

18.3

6.2

14.2

*1.4

12.7

5.2

1,921

2,939

459

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

72.6

70.6

63.5

66.6

60.9

69.9

68.0

73.1

67.1

70.7

27.4

29.4

36.5

33.4

39.1

30.1

22.4

8.9

13.0

18.8

‘7.8

14.3

26.5

16.9

3.5

14.3

‘0.2

8.5

8.9

“0.8

16.1

6.2

“0.3

3.5

12.9

6.1

4.8

12.1

14.6

13.8

15.3

9.7

5.1

6.4

16.4

9,0

215

244

7,014

1,542

2,985

2,487

6,615

32.0

26.9

32.9

28,3

70.3

71.0

56.4

29,7

29.0

43.6

24.2

6.3

15.2

●1.2

10.0

8.2

4.2

12.8

20.3

2,938

3,677

357

100.0

100.0

100.0

150

207

8,924

2,334

3,631

2,960

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

59.3

54.3

67.6

67.5

70.8

63.9

40.7

45.7

32.4

26.8

‘6,7

14,8

24.5

17.0

4.6

‘0.8

13.5

9.4

‘0.7

5.9

20.7

●13,2

25.5

8.1

7.3

6,3

10,9

32.5

29.2

36.1

17
Table 7. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of age and percent distribution by contraceptive status, according to geographic

region, race, and age: United States, 1973–Con.

II I

Noncontraceptors

Number

of

women

in

thousands

Geographic region, race, ] and age

SOUTH–Con.

White

15.Myears . . .. . .. . . .. . . . .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . .. .. . . .. . . . ... . .. . .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .

15-29 years . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. . . .. . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .

30-44 years . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . .. .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .

Black

Percent distribution

7,703

3,722

3,9B1

1,142

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

31.1 9.8

‘1.7

17.3

7.9

66.9 6.4

69.9

67.9

58.9

14.9

30.1

32.1

41.1

37.0

44.8

2B.6

22.6

7.7

14.2

5.8

7.0

19.0

11.1

26.2

7.2

*4.3

5.7

11.0

7.0

15-44 years . . . . . . . . . .. .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . .. ... . . . .. . . . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .

15-29 years . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ... . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . ... . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. . .

30-44 years .. . .. . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. .. . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .

WEST

All races

15-44 years . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . .. . .. . . . ..

15-24 years . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. . . .. . .. . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. .. .. .. . .. . . . . . .. .

25-34 years . .. .. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. .. .

35-44 years .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. .

White

15-44 years .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . .

15-28 years . . .. .. . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . . .. .. .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . . .. .. .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .

3044 years . . . .. . . .. .. . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . . . .. .. . . . .. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . . .. .

81ack

15-44 years . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. ..

15-29 years . . . . .. . . .. . .. . .. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. .

3044 years . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . .. ... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . . .. .

lAllraces incIudes races other than white and black.

541

601

5,335

1,193

2,289

1,853

5,070

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

63.0

55.2

71.4

23.9

5.6

13.4

27.1

14.6

●3.1

13.2

22.7

4.7

*12.1

‘17.3

*7.6

2.0

13.1

8.0

4.8

17.2

7,8

68.6

74.9

68.8

72.0

71.1

72.8

67.4

70.5

64.7

31.4

25.1

31.2

28.0

2,382

2,688

123

100.0

100.0

100.0

28.9

27.2

32.6

*1.5

13.4

●6.8

4.7

9.1

●1 3.6

.—

*10.4

●16.5

58

65

100.0

100.0

“29.5

35.3

*1.9

*11.2

18
Table8. Number of currently married women 1544vears ofaoeusina cOntraceDtives and Dercent tistrlbution bymethod OfcOntrxeption uZd, accOrd!ng tO geographic

;egion,-race, and age: United States, 1973

Method of contraception

All

:Ontra- Female Mate Diasterlll- steriliWNh.

:eptors Ptll IUD Condom Foam Rhythm Douche phragm drawal Other

zatton zation

Number

of cOntraceptors

In

thcmsands

Geographic region, race, ]

and age

NORTHEAST

All races

15-44 years ......... .. .....

15.24 years ................................

25-34 years ................................

3544 years, .......................... .....

White

1544 years .. ..................

15-29 years .............. ...... .. ........ ..

30-44 years ...... ...... .. .. ................

—Black

1544 years ....... ..............

15-29 years ................................

3044 years ...... ..........................

NORTH CENTRAL

All races

154%4 years ................

15-24 years ................................

25-34 years ................................

3544 years ................................

Wh!te

154 years,,.,,,....,.......,..

15.29 Veals ........... .................. ...

3044 years .......... ......................

Black

1544 years . ..................

15.29 years ........ .......... .......... ....

3044 years ...............................

sOUTH

All races

1544 years ............ .. ..

15-24 years ................. ...... .........

25.34 years ................................

3544 years .............. ..................

White

1544 years . ................ ..

15.29 years ................................

30-44 years ................................

Black —

1544 years .......... . ... ....

15.29 years ................................

3044 years ................................

Percent dastrnbutton

2.6

‘3.0

‘3.0

“1.8

2,7

“4.1

‘1,7

“1,5

●1.2

“1.7

1.4

3.8oQ 100.0 11.1 5.7 9.7 6,7 20.9 5.0 4.6 “0.7

“0.1

“1.9

“0.5

30.4 3.5

.

“3.3

10.0

16.3

9.8

“1.9

4.8

8.8

6.2

57.6

31.2

16.0

30.1

10.4

13.1

5.0

9,7

“3.4

4.6

8.3

5.8

12,8

21.9

23.6

21.6

●3.9

5.4

5.2

4.8

“2.2

“3.0

7.9

4.9

●1.5

“2.9

5.3

3.8

668

1,775

1,357

3,468

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

“2.4

6.7

“1.6

‘2.8

“0.4

5.9

“2.0

5.0

“0.6

“0.8

“0.4

2.5

1,394

2,o74

292

100.0

100.0

100,0

5.4

12.8

26.0

‘2.2

8.9

‘0.2

44.6

20.4

36.5

12.7

7,8

71.0

4.6

6.6

“5.6

“3.9

“7.3

2.9

17.4

24.4

8.3

“3.7

“12.7

12.8

4.7

4.8

“6.2

“2.1

“1O.2

5.2

“0.9

“2.6

‘0,7

“4,4

‘0,9

“0.1

‘0,6

‘1,7

“0.8

100.0

100.0

100.0

“9.7

41.7

10.5

59.2

14.6

36.6

15.9

“6.2

8.5

143

149

4,899

90.4

72.7

1,049

2,182

1,668

4,675

2,066

2,610

201

89

112

6.036

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

“3.3

10.8

14.7

9.9

5.9

13.1

25.1

“20.6

28.6

13.7

●2.4

13.4

18.2

13.2

7.6

17.6

“2.4

65.9

36.7

18.1

36.2

53.4

22.6

42.1

9.7

11.7

“3.7

8.5

91.3

“2.4

4.5

2.9

“2,0

3,6

“2,5

8.2

11.1

18.0

13.2

●4.1

6.4

4.4

5.1

“1.2

4.3

10.9

6.2

“1.6

“1.9

“3.8

2.6

“2.1

“0.7

‘2.0

‘1.4

10.9

6.6

‘9.0

9.0

16.5

“5.5

5.6

4.7

“8.1

“1.9

9.5

“0.6

●1.7

3:3

‘0.6

“0.3

‘1,2

“2.8

●1.7

“1.2

“1.3

100.0

100.0

100.0

57.1

30.2

40.6

“11.2

“7.4

9.1

“1.2

“3.6

3,0

“2.2

“8.1

12,6

“5.2

“ 10.4

5.7

“0.7

“0.6

1.3

‘1 3

“4.0

1.3

“0.7

“1.7

“1.2

“1.0

“0.7

“1.3

3.7

“0.6

●1.9

2,0

“1.2

“1.7

‘3.0

2.0

“1 4

2.6

“1.9

“1.0

3.3

“4.2

7.6 _

●2.5

12.3

24.9

12.6

“1.1

7,3

13.2

8.2

70.1

37.8

19.8

40.1

9.8

11.2

5.7

8.6

“0.8

3.2

4.5

3.3

6.6

13.3

16,5

13.8

4.9

7.1

4.4

5.9

91.7

3.2

4.8

3.3

“0.6

“1.1

“2.0

“1.2

1,575

2,570

1,891

5,307

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

10.3

6.9

14.0

“2.5

4.2

‘0.4

9.1

18,2

4,4

6.2

5.7

3.9

“1.9

4.6

●1.3

“1.1

“1.4

“0.9

2,602

2,705

673

341

332

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

5.1

19.9

21.0

“6.6

35.8

3,0

13.2

‘2.0

56,7

22.1

46.6

“1.3

‘2.7

67.0

25.7

12.5

15.6

“0.3

‘0.5

●3,4

“5.4

“3.8

“4.0

“1.4

‘1.2

“0.3

“1.4

“3.1

“4.3

“0.3

●3.5

lAllraces lncludc5races uther than whttcmdhlack,

19
Table8, Number of currently married women 15.44years ofageus!ng contraceptims andpercent distribution by method ofcontraceptlon used, according togeo,graphic

region, race, and age. United States, 1973—Con.

Number

of contra.

ceptors

in

thousands

All

cOntra -

cemors z

Female Male

stertli- sterllt.

zat Ion zatlon

Geographic region, race,l

and age

Pill IUD DiaCondom Foam Rhythm Withphragm drawa I

Douche I

Other

WEST

Percem d)strlbutlon

All races

15-44 years,.,,.,,., ....... 3,807 100,0

T

13.8 20,5

“6.3 ‘4.3

118 20.8

21.2 30.6

11.61 2.6 I 8.3 I 3.7 2.1

I

‘1.6 ‘0.2 ●1.6

.- 1 I I I 1 1

33.9

.

61.3

34.1

15.9

33.3

50.1

18.7

50.6

15-24 years. . . ... . . ...... . . ..

25.34 years ...... . . .

3544 vears .. . . ...........

818

1,714

1,275

100,0

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

12.8 “1.7 7.9 ‘1.6 *3(-II ●III .1

14.4 “2.7 7.0 4.8

7.1 “3.0 10.4 “3.5 “1.9 “2.1 ‘0.7 “3.5

“ii I “1:5I - I “1.0

Whtte

15-44 years . ........ .. . ... 3,651

1,694

1,957

13,8 I 21.0 11.5 2.7 I 8.5 I 3.8 1.9 ‘1.7 “0.2 “1.7

Q

“2.0 8.6 4.2

‘3.3 8.6 *3.3

‘1.7 ●2.6 ‘2.5

‘1.3

●3.3 “5.1 ‘ 3.6

15-29 years ............ ....................

30-44 years ..,.,.,.,.,.,..............,.,.,

6.4 10.2

20.2 30.3

14.8

8.5

‘2.0

“1.9

‘1.5

*1.8

‘0.3

‘0.5 *2.9

81ack

15-44 Vears ........ ... . ...... 83

*

“19.1 ‘3.3

“12.9 -

“25.1 ‘6.5

‘17.9 “1.6

“3.3

‘0.7

15-29 years ................................

3044 veals ................................

41

42

100.0

100.0

69.2

“32.6

‘13.3

“22.5 ‘1.3

IAII races includes races other than white and black.

20
Tahli?9 .. . . Number—.of currentlv marraed women 15-44 years of aqe and percent distrlbut]on by contraceptwe status, according to poverty level !ncome, race, and age:

United States, 1973

II I

Nonccmtraceptors

dumber

of

r.fomen

In

musands

Income level, race,l and age

Percent d!str!button

2,033

993

1,040

1,681

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

60.7

61.9

59.6

61.5

61.4

61.6

55.7

63,4

50.6

72.4

39,3

=

38.1

40.4

38.5

77.3

27.3

7,7

18.4

27.8

8.5

12,9

9.4 12.6

‘1.9 9.0

16,6 16.1

+

10.4 9.7

“2.0 8.7

19.1 10.8

857

824

326

131

195

2.108

100.0

100,0

100,0

100,0

100,0

100.0

38.6

38.4

44.3 T

‘4.1 27.3

‘0.8 ‘10,9

‘6.3 382

36.6

49.4

276

24.9

‘4 9

114

19.7

‘3 5

12.0

1,028 AL

1,079

1,717

851

867

358

100,0

1000

1000

1000

1000

1000

75,5

695

742

76,6

71,9

625

24.5

30.5

258

“lo ‘3 8

127 14.3

6.1 I 7.7

“o 5 “2,6

11.5 126

121 16.1

23.4

28.1

37 E

202

“4 o

93

158

200

3,053

1.487

1,566

2,742

1000

1000

1000

1000

100,0

1000

1000

10+30

100C

664

593

730

744

71.6

74,1

752

72,9

597

33 c

40 i

27 C

=

25f

284

25:

—

24 E

271

40:

191

‘1 5

119

“3 6 ’109

18.8 203

58 94

187

54

11.9

185

54

131

“o 9 61

105 125

T

56 85

“O 6 5.7

103 113

1,361

1.380

273

%-t%

593

600

40 ;

40 [

245

57

107

166

100C

100C

21
Table9. Number of currentlv marrred women 1544 vearsof aae and percent dlsrrlbution by conrraceptwe status, accord in~towvertv level income. race, and we’

Umted States, 1973-Ccm

Noncontr;ceptors

Contra.

ceptors

Number

of

women

m

thousands

All

women

Income level, race,l and age

Percent di>tributjon

19,452 100,0 69.7 14.7 7.6 8.0

8,531

10,921

18,109

100.0

100,0

100,0

69,8

69.6

70.5

30.2

30.4

29.5

23.7

7.6

14.4

1.3

12.5

7.6

5.2

10.3

7.5

7,894

10,215

100,0

100,0

70.4

70,6

60.5

63.8

57.1

29,~

29.4

39.5

23.6

7.3

16,0

23.0

8.8

1,4

12.4

7.5

‘0,7

14.5

4.7

9.7

1,124 100.0 16.0

100.0

100.0

567

556

12.5

19.5

lAIImws mcludesmcesc>t her thun whlteund black
Table 10. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of ageusing contraceptives andpercent distribution bymethod ofcontraception used, accordrngto poverty

level income, race, and age: United States, 1973

Number Method of contraceDtlon

Income level, race,l of cOntraand age

ceptors

in

thousands

Al I

cOntra- Female Male DiasteriliWith.

ceptors sterili. Pill IUD Condom Foam Rhythm Douche Other phragm

zat ion zation

drawal

BELOW POVERTY

INCOME I

Percent dwtrrbutton

All races

15-14 years ....... .........

‘k

1,235

15-2S years,., ............................. 615

30.44 years ................ .. .............. 620

100.0 19.7 I B.O 40.0 9.4 “3.1 8.3 “4.3 “1.B “1.3 ●1.4 [ ●2.6

100.0

100.0

100.0

“9.5 ‘4.5

29.8 11.6

18.9 9.1

58.9

21,3

39.8

●7.6

11.2

9,2

‘4.1

●2.1

‘3.3

“6.4

“1O.1

8.7

“2.1

‘6.4

“4.B

“1.6

‘2.0

“1.8

‘2.1

‘0.6

“1.6

“1.6 “1,6

‘1.3 “3.5

*

1544years ..................... I 1,034

15-29 years ......... .... ........ .... .. ..... 527

3044 years ................................ 508

100.0

100.0

100.0

‘8.3 “5.2

29.9 13.1

59.6

19.2

43.1

‘7.7

‘ 10.8

“11.6

‘4.1

●2,5

‘2.4

‘5.8

‘11.6

●4.1

‘2.5

“7’.1

●2.1

“1.9

“1.6

●2.4

“0.7 I

“3.6

1544 years . .... ................ ●%4] ●2.4 I 182

t26.6 ‘0.3

●18,1

33,8 ‘0.5

“6,6 I

‘0.7

‘8.1 ●3.8

15-29 years ................................ 83

30A14 years.,.,.,.,...,.,., ................ 99

100,0

100.0

100.0

58,1

30.4

37,0

●7.6

‘14,9

10.5

“4.7

“0.5

‘1,3

●4.2

●4.O

9.7

‘3.9

“4.6 ‘4.8 ‘1.6 ‘0.9 ‘1,8

100-149 PERCENT

POVERTY INCOME I

19.7 8,1

All races

1544 years,.,.,., ..... ....

I

1,527

15-29 years .,.,., ...... .......... ...... .... 777

3044 years.,.,.,., .................... .... 750

W

1544 years .......... .. ......... 1,275

15.29 years,, .... ....................... ... 652

3044 years ................................ 623

100.0

100,0

100,0

12.5 ‘49

27,1 11.5

19,0 8.9

51.6

21.8

36.1

11.2

9,7

9.6

“7,2

“1.3

“1,5

9.9

9.5

10.3

‘2.3

‘7.0

“5 1

‘0.6

9.2

●4.9

“2.4

‘0.8

“1.8

“0,8 ●2,5

“0.9 ●1.1

+0.7 “2,1

“0.8 ‘2.9

‘0.6 ‘1.3

100.0

100.0

100.0

13.2 “5.0

25.0 13.0

25,9 “1.1

49.3

22.3

46,B

11.2

“7,9

14.9

“1.4

‘1,5

‘0.2

10.6

“9.9

‘5.3

“2.7

‘ 7.6

“2.4

“2,9

“0,8

“0,5

‘10.1

“0.4

I

Slack

.

1544 years . .............. ......

F

224

15.29 years .,..........,.........,,,,.,.,., 105

3044 years ................. .. .......... ... 1?9

“1,9 I “0.5

100.0

100,0

100,0

100,0

100,0

100.0

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100,0

“1O.3 I

“0.4

39.8 ‘1.6

76.0

21.0

37.4

53.6

21.3

36,5

51.9

20.9

472

75.2

29.3

‘8.7

20.3

119

‘0,5

“1 9

“0.4

“34

“2.1

“0.4

“3.7

“0,3

‘0.8

‘2.1

‘8.2

11.3

9,0

137

12,1

9,5

146

“4,6

“2.5

‘5.9

‘0.4

“4.2

4.5

“4.6

‘4.4

“4 7

“4.8

“4.5

‘3.2

“2.3

‘3.7

“1.1I

‘0,6

“0.9 “2.7 ‘0.4

‘1,7

‘0,8

4,8

●2.4

7.1

‘5,2

‘2.6

7.9

40.4

150.199 PERCENT

PoVERTY INCOME I

414.4 8.7

All races

1544 years .,.,.,.,., ......

E

2,227

15.29 years ... ........ .... ................. 1,106

30-44 years ........... .. .,,,.,,, ,.,,,.,., 1,721

W*

15.44 years . ........ . . .. 2,031

15.29 years ................................ 1,024

3044 years ......... ....................... 1,007

m

1544 years ..................... 163

15.29 yearn ................. .. .. .. .. ...... 64

3044 years ................................ 100

-1- ●2.1 =1.3

“O 8 ‘0.9

“3,4 “1.7

7.1 “5.6

21.6 11,8

13.6

10.2

11,9

13.8

10.0

“ 10.9

●6.3

‘13.8

“1 9

“1,5

“1.8

‘2 o

‘1 6

‘O 6

“O 8

‘o 5

131 9.3

I

+--% T

6.9 ‘6.1

19.4 12.5 “3,1 “1,7

“4,1 “14

I

-t=

24.0 ‘3,4

“12,1

31.6 “5.6 “0.6

23
Table IO. Number of currently marr!ed women 15-44 years of ageusLng contraceptives andpercent dlstr!button bymethod ofcontraception used, according to poverty

level ,ncome, race, and age: Unlred States, 1973–Con.

II

Number

Income level, racc,l of cOntraand age

ceptors

In

I thousands

200 PERCENT OR MORE

POVERTY INCOME I

All races I

15-44 years ..

F

13,553

15-29 years . .. .. . . . . . . . 5,954

30-44 years ................................ 7,599

15-44 years ............... . ...

k

12,762

15-29 years ................................ 5,554

30-44 years ... .. ............ .. ...... ....... 7,208

1544 years .....................

k

680

15-29 years .,.....,...,.....,., .. . . . .. 362

3044 veals ............................. ... 318

Method of contraceptmn

All

cOntra- Female Male

sterd IDIaceptors sterl! I- Pill Iuo Condom Foam Rhythm

Wjthzat ton zat ton

phragm drawal

100.0

100.0

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100,0

100.0

Percent distribution

10.5 122 35.4 9.2 4.0

4.5 5.4 53.3 12.3 2.9

15.3 176 21.4 6.7 4,8

10.0 12.8 35.0 9.0 4.0

4.3 5,7 52.8 12.0 3.0

14.4 18.3 21,3 6.7 4.8

14.7

10.5

18.1

15.2

11,1

18.4

5,9

“3.2

8.9

5.2

5.9

4.6

5.1

6,0

4.3

7.1

‘5.3

9.2

Douche I

Other

TIT

4.0 2.3 0.6 1.9

2.2 ‘1.2 ‘0,2 1.6

5.5 3.2 ‘0.9 2.1

4.0 2.4 .o,~ 1,9

1 1 1

2.1 “1 ,2

5.5 3,3

‘0,1 1.7

“0.s 2.1

lAII mcesincludes races otherthm white and black. w

24
Tablell, Number of currently married women 15-44 vearsof ageand Percent dlstr!but#on bycontracepllve status, according toparlty, race, and age United States,

1973

Noncontraceptors

Number

of

women

m

:housands

Parny, race,l and age

Percent dtstr!but!on

9.917 100,0 7

58.3 41.7

63.7 36.3

42.2 578 T

28.4 4,3

29.6 “O 8-

24.6 14,7

9.0

7,426

2,491

9,010

100,0

100,0

100.0

6.9

18.6

8.4

I

7

28.4 3.9

295 ’09

24.8 13.6 T

59.4 40.6

64,1 35.9

44.4 55.6

6,845

2,165

756

100,0

100.0

1000

5,6

17.3

16,5 T

26.7 8.1

307 “o 7

18.2 23.8

6.5 85

12.2 19

3.8 115

48.8 I 51,2

515

241

14,199

1000

1000

100,0

59.1

26.6

409

73,4

9.5

31.4

81

I

1544 years,.,

15.29 years ..... ... .

3044 years .....,.,... .,.,,,

15.44 years.. . .

15.29 years .,,,.... . . .

30J14 years ........

1544 years. ,,.

15.29 years,,.,,, . .

3044 years,,,,,.,,,,,,,,,.,,

770 [ 23o

4,467

9,732

13,125

1000

1000

1000

872 I

788

750 25,0

4.8

9,6

776 224 7.3

-t64 8.7

120 19

3.9 117

4,022

9.102

936

406

530

2,531

—

147

2,383

2,115

96

2,019

389

100,0

1000

1000

1000

1000

1000

-

1000

1000

100,0

1000

1000

1000

100.0

100,0

822

755

178

245

39

88

17.7

13.3

21.1

10,1

—

“11.1

10.1

8,2

t

78 62

14 1 “24

‘2.9 90

t

684 316

702 298

W.9 331

+

725 275

64.9 35,1

73.0 270 T

3.1 143

“19.9 “4 1

‘2.0 14.9

7

2.9 146

‘26.1 “4 6

-1- “1.8 15.0

74.3 257

65.2 “34 8

74.8 252

“4.1

8.4

21,3

“29.3

20.4 -+

61.7 38,3

56,6 43,4

62,4 37.6 *

‘4.2 “12.7

’104 “3.7

“3.5 13.8

42

347

lAII racm includes racc, other thxn whrtc itnd h[~ck,

25
Table 12. Number Of currently marrted women 15-44 vearsaf ageusinq ccmtraceptives and percent distribution bv method ofcontraceptnon used, according to parity,

race, and age: United States, 1973

Number Method of contraception

of cOntra- All

Parnv, race,l and age ceptors cOntra- Female Mate

In

Diaceptors sterili- sterd I- Pill IUD Condom Foam RhVthm

With.

phragm Douche

E

Other

thousands

drawal

zation zation

0.1 PARITY

All races

Percent distr!buticm

.— .

15+4 years ....... ......... I 5.781 I 100.0 2.2 3.1 56.8 9.1 3.4 12.2 6.3 2,7 I 1,8 *0.8 I 1.7

15-29 years ................................

30.44 veals,.,... . .......................

Whtte —

15.44 years ............ .........

15-29 years ................................

30-44 years,,,., ................. ..........

Black —

1544 years .. . . . . . . . . .

15-29 Veals .. ..............................

30.44 veals,., ............. .... ............

2-4 PARITY

Al I races

15-44 years ............ ....

15-29 Veals ................................

30.44 Veals ... .... .... .......... ...........

White

15.44 years .... . . ... ......

15-29 years ................................

30.44 vears .,., ....... .....................

Black —

15.44 vears . ... ................

15.29 years. ........... ............ . . .

30-44 veals.,., ... ....................

5 PARITY OR MORE

Al I races

15-44 veals ................

15-29 years .,.,...,,....................,..

30-44 vears .,. .. ... . . ... . . .

4,730 100.0

1,050 ?00.0

5,348 100.0

4,387 100.0

961 100.0

369 100.0

305 100.0

64 100.0

10,927 100,0

3,625 100.0

7,302 100,0

10,183 100.0

63.3

27.5

56.4

9.8

●5.7

8.8

10.9

18.3

12,7

5.6

9.2

6.4

2.3 “1.4

“4.2 “3.6

‘0.6 “1.3

“1.9 ●3,6

‘0.6

9,3

1.9

“1.1

12,5

3.4

3.2

‘4,2

3.6 -=b-

+

‘0.7 1.8

‘0.5 *1.4

‘2.0 ‘3,6

‘O 6

8.0

6.5

“1.2

13.6

63.0

26.5

64.0

9.4

‘6.1

12.3

3.4

●4,6

‘1.5

11.3

19.3

‘4.0

5.8

9.2

‘3.9

2.3 ‘1.3

“3.5 ‘3.6

I

--t-

“3.1 ‘1.7

‘3.2 “0.8

‘3.0 ‘5.9

i--

‘2.2 ‘0.9

*2.2 “0.2

‘2,2 ‘4,2

‘0.9

33.1

14.6

69.2

39.5

28.0

14.7

‘ 0.8

10,0

‘1,8

3.6

“3.9

“4.6

15.0

“3.3

‘6.5

15.1 4.6

I

-t4,4 2.4

‘1.7 “1.6

5.7 2.8 T

0.7 1,7

“0.3 2,1

“0.9 1.4

_ _

15.0

7.5

10.0

15.3

7,4

10.9

8.9

18,0

15.5

9.4

16,5

5.5

4.5

4.7

4.5

4.6

4.4

6.8

12.2

15.8

14.0

11.9

15.1

23.4

10.5

17.3

15.9

11,4

18.1

‘2.2

41.7

21.2

27.1

40.0

20.9

42.0

“1.5

4.7

3.7

91.5

4.8

“2.7

I

--t4,5 2.6

*1.7 ●1.8

5.lj 2.9

“0.5

–t

1.7

‘0.1 2.2

k

3,307 100.0

6,876 100.0

640 1000

285 100.0

355 100.0

1,835 100.0

96 100,0

1,740 100.0

‘0.7 1.4

I

+

“0.5 ‘0.2

‘0.2 ‘0.2

“0.8 “0.3

17.9

27.9

30.8

‘29.7

30.8

28.6

“0.2

“3.9

13.5

=

‘19,1

13.2

14.8

59.9

27.5

19.0

_

‘29.3

18.4

19.2

12.0

10.1

9.1

-

“6.2

9.3

7.8

‘0.8

“4.2

*2.2

‘4.7

‘2.0

2.4

‘2.2

8.1

8.8

“5.4

9.0

9.2

●3.9

9.2

●3.2

‘5.1

‘3.1

“3.4

‘2.1 “0.8

‘5.7 “23

I

I

2

6.4 “1.5

6.8 ‘1.6

7.1 “1.7

+-

‘1.8 *3.7

“0.6

‘1,9 “3.9

White I

15444 vears . . . ... . . . .

t

1,572 100.0

62 100.0

1,509 100.0

240 100,0

24 100.0

216 100.0

+

15-28 vears. . .............................

30.44 years ................................

“35.1

28,3

45.8

“15.5

14.8

“2.9

“20.7

19.1

17.6

“6.8

7.9

18.3

‘7.1

●2.2

“1.2

“7.7

9.3

“7.1

“7.7

‘3.2

“2.1

7.4 I

“1.8

4- *1.5 “2.8

*2.5

*1.7 “2,8

Black

1544 vears . ........... . ...

+

‘0.4 ‘ 0.4

*0.4 ‘0.5

15.29 year5., . . . . ... . .

30-44 vears ..... . ..... ..... . . .... .

‘26.8

47.9

“16.0

“1.4

“44.6

14.6

‘7.0

19.5

“3.0

“1,3 ‘7.6 ‘2.3

lAII races mcludw mcm other than white and black.

26
Table 13. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of age and percent distribution by contraceptive status, according to labor

force status, race, and age: United States, 1973

Number

of

women

in

thousands

11,084

4,950

6,134

9,829

All

women

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

I Noncontraceptors

Labor force status, race,l and age

IN LABOR FORCE

Ail races

1544 years ...................... ........................... ...

15-29 years ....................................................................

3044 years ............................. ..................................... ..

White

15-44 years ................................. ........................

15-29 years ....................................... .............................

30-44 years .................... ............................ ...... ..............

Black

15-44 years .........................................................

15-29 years ............................................ ...... .......... ........

3044 years ....................................................................

NOTIN LABOR FORCE

All races

1544 years ....................................................

15-29 years ............................................................. .......

3044 years .......... ............ ..............................................

White

15-44 years ....................... ........ ..........................

15-28 years .. .................................... .................... ..........

30-44 years ........... ................................................ ...... ...

Black

15-44 years .......................... .................... ...........

15-29 years ............ ..... ................ ............ ...... .................

30-44 years .................. ............................................... ...

Percent distribution

11.3

18.5

5.5

11.2

8.2

*1.3

13.8

8.1

9.9

6.7

12.6

8.8

73.6

68.0

26.4

32.0

71.9 I 28.1

4,443

5,387

1,128

100.0

100.0

100.0

74.2

70.0

25.8

30.0

18.5

5.3

10.8

*1.3

13.7

9.2

6.1

11.1

61.4 38.6 18.7

482

646

15,562

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

69.7

55.7

30.3

44.9

17.8

5.6

16,4

●0.9

15.3

7.0

11.6

24.0

68.9 31.1 7.7

7,089

8,472

14,419

67.8

69.8

32.2

30.2

26.2

8.2

16.3

1.3

11.7

7.0

4.7

10.2

68.6 30.4 7.1

6,520

7,899

953

100.0

100.0

100.0

68.4

70.6

31.6

29.4

26.1

8.1

17.8

1.2

11.8

6.8

4.3

9.5

58.4 41.6 17.0

482

471

100.0

100.0

57.6 42.4

59.1 40.9

27.8

7.5

●2.2

11.5

12.3

21.9

27
Table 14. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of age using contraceptives and percent distribution by method of contraception used, accord jngto labor

Labor force status, race,l and age

IN LABOR FORCE

All races

1544 veals ................ ....

15-29 veals .................... ..... .....

3044 years ............ ........................

White

15-44 vears .........................

15-29 years ............. .... ................ ...

30.44 years .,.,.,.,...,.,.,.,.,. +......... .....

—Black

15-44 vears .........................

15-29 years ............................. .......

30-44 years ....................................

NOT IN LA80R FORCE

All races

15-44 years, ...................

15-2S veals ....................................

30A14 veals ...................... .... .. ........

White

15-44 years .........................

15-29 veals . ...................................

30-44 veals ....................................

Black —

1544 vears .......... ...............

15-29 years ............. ................ .......

3044 veals ..................... ............ ...

force status, race, and age: United States, 1973

Number Method of contraception

of contra- AI I

ceptors cOntra- Female Male

jn

Diaceptors

Wlthstenlb sterlll- Pill IUD Condom Foam Rhythm phragm Oouche Other

thousands zat!on zation drawal

7,B16 100.0 12.0 10.0

3,642 100.0 3.5 3.5

4,174 100.0 19.4 15.7

7,063 100.0 10.9 10,8

3,295 100.0 3.0 3.8

3,769 100,0 17.8 17.0

692 100,0 22.9 ●1.5

336 100.0 7.9 -

356 100,0 37.1 “2.9

10,727 100.0 12.6 12.1

4,809 100.0 7.8 6,7

5,918 100.0 16.5 16.4

10,039 100.0 12.1 12.6

4,462 100,0 7.6 7.0

5,577 100.0 15.6 17,2

556 100.0 22.4 “2.0

278 100.0 12.0 “1.5

279 100.0 32,8 “2.4

Percent distrlbut!on

40.6 9.3 3,5 11.3 4.7 3.4 2.2 “0.7 2.2

62.2 10.9 2.6 8.4 4.9 ‘1.3 ‘1 2 “0.2 “1,5

21.7 8.o 4.3 13.9 4.6 5.3 3.0 ‘1.2 2.9

40.5 9.0 3.7 12.0 4.5 3.4 2.3 ‘0.5 2.3

620 10,5 2.7 91 4.9 ‘1.1 ‘1,3 ‘1.6

21.6 7.7 4.5 14,6 4.2 6.5 3.2 “1.0 3.0

42,7 13.1 ‘2.1 4.8 5,9 ●1,8 ‘0.9 ‘2.6 “1.6

64.7 14.1 ‘1.8 ‘1.9 *4,2 ‘2.5 ‘0.5 “1.8 ‘0.5

22.0 12.1 ‘2.4 7.5 7.6 ‘1.1 “1.3 ‘3.3 “2,7

t

32.8 9.8 3.4 15.1 5.2 4.5 2.1 0.9 1.6

47.1 12.8 2.4 11.2 5.4 2.6 1.7 “0,6 1.8

21.2 7.3 4.2 18.2 5.1 6.0 2.4 1.2 1.5

32,1 9.7 3,5 15.5 5.3 4.6 2.1 O.B 1.6

46,1 12.9 2.5 11,5 5.6 2.6 1.7 “0,5 1.9

20.8 7.7 4,2 18.B 5.1 6.1 2,5 “1.0 1.5

45.1 12.3 “1.9 6.1 “3.9 “0.6 ‘0,4 ●3.6 “1.6

62.9 11.9 “0.6 “4,5 “2.6 “0.6 “0.4 “2.4 ‘0.6

27.3 12.7 3.3 ●7.6 “5.3 ‘0.6 *0.4 ●4.8 ‘2.7

lAII races includes races other than white and black.

28
Table 15, Number of currently married women 1544 vearsof aaeanduercent distributmn bvcontraceDtlve status, accord#nq toeducatlon, race, andaqe Umted

States, 1973

Number

of

Education, race,l and age

In

thousands

7102

-

2,791

4,311

6,134

Percent distr!but)on

100,0

100.0

100,0

100.0

37.7

-

37.4

37.E

36,4

62.3 10.2 I 13.4

62.6

62.2

63.5

14.0

25.4

6.7

14.1 4-

“1.9 10.1

15.6 15.5

10.6 11.9

“1.9 9.7

16.1 13.4

2,438

3,696

867

100,0

1000

100,0

63.4

63.6

52.9

55.5

51.5

71.1

72.2

70.1

77.7

72.3

71.2

64.3

36.6

36.3

47.1

44,5

48,5

28,9

=

27.8

29,9

28.2

—

27,6

28.8

357

25,0

6.9

13.5

27.1

6,2

14,0

22.3

66

13.9

22.6

63

147

-1- 9.5 24,2

“2.3 15.1

13.2 29.1

302

565

12,904

6.082

6,822

11,974

5,591

6,382

830

100.0

100.0

700.0

100.0

1000

1000

100.0

1000

1000

J_7,4 7.5

“1.4 4.0

12,7 10.6

7,3 7.1

J_“1 5 3.6

12.4 10,1

80 12,9

“1.3 9.1

16,4 17.6

459

371

6S41

1000

100.0

1000

69,7

57.6

74.4

303

42,4

25,5

19,9

8.4

15.1

I

I

3,167

3,474

6,141

100.0

100.0

100.0

Iollo

1000

100.0

73,0

75,7

751

270

243

249

224

8.5

150

222

84

135

-L“0.3 4.2

8,8 7,0

47 5.1

2,933

3,208

383

73,8

76.3

66.8

26.2

23.7

33.1

“0,3 I 3.6

8.8 6,4

“5.0 14,6

203

181

1000

ltMo

62.3

71.9

37.7

26.1

—

23.0

2.8

29
Table 16. Number of currently married women 15-44 vears of age us,ng contraceptives and percent d!strtbutmn by method of contraception used, according to

educatmn, race, and age Unmed States, 1973

Number Method of contraception

of contra- All

Education, race,l and age ceptors cOntra- Femde Male Dia.

in ceptors stertl(. ster,l!. P,ll IUD WlthCcmdOm Foam Rhythm Douche Other

thousands

phragm

zatlon Zatlon drawal

LESS THAN HIGH SCHOOL

Al I races

15.44 years ....... ,,, 4,426 100.0

15-29 years ................. .... ........... 1,746 100.0

30-44 vears. .................. .... 2,680 100,0

White

15-44 years . . . . . . . . . 3,898 100.0

15-29 years ................. ............... 1,546 100.0

30.44 years .,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,., ........ 2,352 100,0

—81ack

15J14 years . ........ .......... 458. 100.0

15-29 years ................................ 167 100.0

30-44 veals . ............................ . 291 1000

HIGH SCHOOL

All races

1544 years ................ 9,173 100.0

15-29 veals ............................ .. .. 4,392 100.0

30-44 veals ................................ 4,781 100.0

White —

15.44 years . . . . . . 8,591 100.0

15-29 veals .. .... .. ........................ 4,045 100.0

30-44 veals ............ ...... 4,545 100.0

Black —

15.44 years ............... .. 534 100,0

15-29 veals,., ............................. 320 100.0

30.44 veals .................. .... ,,...... 213 100.0

MORE THAN

HIGH SCHOOL

All races

1544 veals ............ 4,943 100.0

15.29 veals .. ................ 2,312 100.0

30-44 veals,.,.,., ............... .. 2,631 100.0

Wh!te

15-44 years . ... . ... 4,613 100.0

15-29 veals ........ . . . . . 2,165 100.0

30-44 vears ..... . . .... . .. .. ....... 2,448 100.0

81ack —

15.44 years 256 100.0

15.29 veals ................. . . . . . . 126 100.0

3044 veals ................. . . . . . 130 100.0

Percent dmtr!butlon

21.4

11.6

27.8

19.9

8.9

11.0

7.5

8.4

3.2 3.7 ‘2.5 ●1.4 ‘2,5

2.4 ‘1.9 ‘2.0 ‘0.6 2.2

“3.7 4.9 2.8 ‘1.8 ‘2.6

3.4 4.0 “2.8 ‘1.1 ●2,6

“2,7 ‘2.1 ‘2.3 ‘0.3 ●2.4

‘3,9 5.2 “3,2 “1.7 ‘2,8

‘1.8 ●0,1 ‘0.2 ‘3.6 ●1.3

“0.6 ‘4.0 ‘0,3

“2.4 ‘0.2 “0.4 ‘3.3 =1.9

5.3 4.0 2.4 “0.8 1.7

5.4 ‘2.1 “1.3 ‘0.5 ‘1,5

5.2 5,8 3.5 “1.0 “1,8

5.2 4,2 2.6 0,7 1.7

5.6 “2,2 ‘1,4 “0.5 ‘1.6

4.9 6.0 3,6 “0.8 *1.8

6.8 ●1.4 ‘0.5 *2.2 “1.3

“4,0 ‘7.7 ‘0,5 +0.7 ‘0.5

“11,0 “1.0 *0.5 “4.5 *2.4

6,1 4.2 “1,1 “0.5 ‘1.7

6.6 ‘1.9 ●1.3 ‘0.2 ‘1.4

5.6 6,3 “1.0 “0.8 ‘2.1

5.9 4.1 ‘1.0 “0.3 ‘1.7

6,7 ‘1.6 ‘1,1 “1.4

5.2 6.3 ‘0.9 “0.3 ‘1.7

‘7.2 ‘2.9 “2.0 “3.7 ‘2.9

‘5,8 ‘3.6 “1.0 ‘3.0 “0.9

‘8.5 *2,3 ‘2,9 *4.5 *4.9

T

112 32,4

7,3 527

13.8 19.2

12.3 32.1

8.0 51.3

15.2 19.5

“1.5 34.8

“1 .8

“0.5

‘2.6

1,7

11.0

7.7

13,2

11.6

11.5

25.3

35.5

11.2

6.5

14.8

‘0.6

“2.5

●2.2

‘0.3

‘3,3

2.5

7,6

14.2

“4.1

‘3.8

“4.3

15.4

“14.3

47.6

10.7

‘2,4

11.5

65.3

17.3

36.7

‘11.3

16.8

8.9 —

5.4 54.0

17.1 20,9

12.1 35.6

5.6 52.9

17.9 20.1

1.6 53.4

‘1.3 67.0

“1.9 32.9

10.7 38.2

‘2,0

3.0

2.6

10.1

20.1

16,1

5.6

15.4

10,4

11.9

6.1

8.8

5.3

14,8

16.7

11,8

6.2

9.4

‘2.1

3.1

“1.6

10.9

20.7

5.0

9.6

27.4

7.2

12.1

‘5.4

11,:

“0.7

‘2.9

6.5

“1.8

“9.9

12,2

11.3

13.0

12.4

“2.1

11,6

6,8

‘2,0

11,0

12.3

‘3.8

16.8

53.6

24.6

12.$

10.:

11.:

4.9

8.0

11,1 38,3 6.8

4,0

17,4

53.8

24.6

12.5

10.4

16.0

5.0

8.5

“2.6

11.7

13.1

“2.2 39.9 8.1

‘4,3

20.2

54.2

26.0

‘18,1

‘14.0

‘3.9

“1.5

‘5.4

“4.4 ‘1 0.8

‘All races includes races other than white and black.

30
Table 17. Number of currently married women 15-44 years of age and percent distribution by contraceptive status, according to

religion, race, and age: United States, 1973

rr 1

II I

Noncontraceptors

Number

of

women

in

thousands

Religion, race,l and age

PROTESTANT

Al I races

15-44 years .... ..................................................

15-29 years ......................................................................

3044 years .................................................................... ..

White

15-44 years ........................................ ...................

15-29 years ................................ ............ ........ ..................

30-44 years . .......................... ............ ...............................

Black

15-44 years ...... ...................................... .............. .

15-28 years ......................................................................

30-44 years ................................................................. .....

CATHOLIC

All races

15-44 years .............................................. ........

15-29 years ..... ..................................................... ............

3044 years ....................... ...............................................

White

15-44 years ............................... .... ......... ............. .

15-29 years .. .......................................... ..........................

30-44 years ........... ...................................... .. ...................

Black

15-44 years ....................................................... ....

15-28 years .. ....................................... ............... ........ ......

30-44 years ..................................... ................... ..............

JEWISH

White

15-44 years ............................ ......... ......................

15-29 years ...................... .............. .................... .... ........ ..

30-44 years ............................. ........ .................... ............ .

Percent distribution

17,301 100.0 70.6 29.4 13.3 8.2 7.9

7,791

9,510

15,400

100.0

100.0

100.0

70.2

70.8

72.0

29.7

29.1

28.0

22.8

5.5

13.3

*1.5

13.6

8.1

5.4

10.0

6.6

6,974

8,426

1,816

100.0

100.0

100.0

71.1

72.6

59.2

28.8

27.4

40.8

22.8

5.4

13.5

*1.5

13.6

8.5

4.6

8.3

18.7

797

1,020

7,661

100.0

100.0

100.0

62.8

56.4

66.4

37.2

43.6

33.6

22.5

6.5

16.8

25.3

‘10.3

16.8

●1.9

13.8

6.5

‘0.9

10.8

6.7

12.8

23.4

10.2

5.6

13.8

10.2

3,326

4,335

7,338

100.0

100.0

100.0

68.1

65.1

66.3

31.9

34.9

33.7

3,169

4,169

183

100.0

100.0

100.0

6a.o

65.0

70.4

31.9

35.0

28.6

25.5

10.2

14.2

+1.0

11.1

3.6

8.7

“6.1

5.5

13.8

11.7

8.7

16.0

●2.1

106

76

448

100.0

100.0

100.0

71.1

69.3

84.9

28.8

30.6

15.1

20.2

6.0

*6.9

153

295

100.0

100.0

82.1

86.3

●17.9

●1.6

● 14.9

*2.8

‘3.0

‘9.2 ‘1.6

31
Table 18. Number of currently marr!ed women 15-44 years of ageus[ng contraceptives andpercent distribution bymethOd ofcontraception used, according to religion,

race, and age: United States, 1973

Number Method of contraception

of cOntra- All

Rellgion, race,l and age ceptors cent ra- Female Male

in

Diaceptors sterili. sterill. Pill IUD Condom Foam Rhythm

Wtthphragm Douche Other

thousands zat ion zatton drawal

PROTESTANT

All races

15-44 years., .............. 12,211 100.0

15-29 years ...................... .. .... .... 58473 100.0

3044 years ................................ 6,738 100.0

White

15-44 years .,.,.,.,.,.,.,,, ..... 11,082 100.0

15-29 years ............. ................... 4,962 100.0

30-44 Veals ................................ 6,120 100.0

Black —

1544 years ..................... 1,075 100.0

15.29 $fears................................ 500 100.0

30.44 veals,.,...,.,,,.,.,...,. ........... 575 100.0

CATHOLIC

Al I races

15.44 years ..,...,.,...,... 5,0S6 100.0

15.29 years .,.,.,.,.,.,.,...,,,,.., ........ 2,265 100.0

30-44 years ........................ ........ 2,821 100.0

Wh\te

1544 years ...... .............. 4,865 100.0

15-29 years, ............................... 2,156 100,0

3044 years ................ .. .............. 2,709 100,0

—Black

1544 years .... . ... . . ...... 12B 100.0

15-29 years ................................ 75 100.0

3044 years .......................... . 53 100.0

JEWISH

White —

15-44 years .....................

1+

381 100.0

15-29 years ..................... ........... 126 100.0

3044 years, ............................... 255 100.0

Percent distributicm

13.6 12,9 36,4 9.1 3.5 12.2 5.2 2.5 1.8

6.5 5.6 55.0 12,0 2.4 8,6 5.3 1.5 1.1

19.3 16.s 21.4 6,7 4.4 15.1 5.2 3.3 2.3

12.6 14.0 35.9 8.7 3.6 12,9 5.2 2.6 1.9

6.1 6.1 54.3 11.8 2.5 9.2 5.5 1.4 1.1

17.9 20.4 20.9 6.2 4.5 15.8 4.9 3,6 2.5

23,3 1.s 42.2 12.8 2.1 5.7 5.4 1.2 0.7

10.6 0.8 61.8 13.5 1.3 3.1 3.4 1.9 0.5

34,4 2.6 25.1 12.2 2.8 7.9 7.1 0.6 0.9

11,0 8.0 34.3 9.9 2.5 15.5 4.8 8.3 2.9

1

5.7 4.9 49.6 12.3 2.2 12.0 6.4 3.5 1.8

15.3 10.5 22.1 7.9 2.7 lB.3 4.3 12.1 3.9

10.6 7.9 34.1 10.0 2.6 15.9 4.9 8.1 3.1

5.7 4.7 48.8 12.6 2.3 ‘12.6 5.5 3.5 1.9

14.4 10,5 22.4 7.9 2,8 18.5 4.4 11.9 4.0

23,3 “1.6 49.5 ●12.2 ●1.6 ‘3.3 “4.0 ●2.1 “0.5

“B.7 - 70.6 ‘ 10.0 ‘0.7 ‘2.6 ●5.5 “1.0 -

44.0 ‘4.0 “19.4 “15.4 “2.9 ●4.3 ‘1.9 “3.8 ‘1.2

“4,7 ●9 .5 28.8 20.3 “10.7 19.9 ●2.5 ●1.4

‘4.0 51.4 ‘18.4 ●3.2 ‘18.6 - ●4.4

“7.0 “12.3 “19.2 ‘21.2 ‘14,4 ‘20.6 ‘3.8

T

‘0.9 1.B

‘0.5 1.4

‘1,3 2.1

‘0.7 1.8

“0.3 1.5

1.1 2.1

--t3.0 1.7

2.4 0.5

3.6 2.7

I

I

‘0.5 2.1

“0.4 1.9

“0.7 2.3

‘0.6 2.2

‘0.4 2.0

“0.7 2.3

‘1.7

“0.8

*3,1

‘1.0

I

“1.5

lAllmces includes mces other than white and black.

32
Table 19. Number of widowed, divorced, and separated women 1544 years of age and percent distribution by contraceptive status,

according torece and age: United States, 1973

Race and age

All racesl

1544 years ..................... .. ................................

15-29 years .......................................................................

3044 years ......... .............................................. ................

White

1544 years ........................... ...... ...... .. ...................

15-29 years .................................. ............................... ......

30-44 years .................... .................... ...... .................... .....

Black

1544 years .............. ........................ ............ ..........

15-29 years ......................... ........ .... .............. ............. .......

3044 years ...... ........................... ................................ ......

1In~[udes r~~es other than white and black.

Number

of

women

in

thousands

3,601

1,293

2,307

2,546

I

All Contrawomen ceptors

Noncontraceptors

m

Percent distribution

Other

nonusers

100.0 45.1

100.0

100.0

100.0

43.0

52.5

37.7

57.0

47.5

62.3

58.4

* 36.1

50.1

47.1

“0.6 11.5

41.6 *2.3 9.0

939

1,607

1,028

100.0

100.0

100.0

51.1

36.0

48.9

64.0

52.8

5.9 *3.8

‘0.3 12.0

39.2

51.7

47.2 4.4 9.1 39.3

354

674

100.0

100.0

56.2

42.4

43.8

57.6 A-E 27.9

45.2

Table 20. Number of widow~, dwwced, and separated women 15-44 years of age using contraceptives and”percent distributicm by method of contraceptmn used,

according toraceand age: United States, 1973

Number II Method of contracermon

of contra.

Race and age ceptcrrs

In

thousands

All L

cOntra- Female Male Ota. Wfth.

ceptors sterill- ster,lt- P!ll IUD Condom ph ragm

Foam Rhythm drawal Douche Other

zatton zation

All racesl

1544 years ....................

k

1,548

679

869

1,058

Percent d!strsbutmn

100.0 28,7 “0.8 42.0 16.7 “2.9 “2,2 ‘1,7 “09 ‘O 6 “o 7 “2.6

100.0 15.8 “0.7 59.5 17,3 “1 4 “1.7 ‘0,5 ‘o 2 “07 “2.2

100.0 38.8 40.9 28.4 16,2 ‘4 1 “2.6 ‘2,6 “1.5 “1 1 ‘o 7 “2 9

100.0 26,7 ‘1.2 44.8 16.8 “3 7 “ 2.8 “0.9 ‘o 9 “o 9 “1,2

100.0 14.7 ‘0,9 62,0 15.9 “1 6 “2,0 - “2,7

100.0 36.6 “1.4 30.6 17.6 “6.3 “3,4 “1.7 “1.7 “1.6

100.0 32.5 - 36.4 16.7 ●1.2 “1.0 “3,4 “1.0 “o. 1 “2.3 5.4

ICQ.o 18.4 53,5 20,7 ‘0,7 ‘0.8 ‘1.6 ‘o 9 ‘ 2.5 “0.8

100.0 42.3 24.5 13.8 “1.6 ●1.1 “4,6 ‘1.0 “0,2 “2’1 ‘8.5

15.29 years . .................................

3044 years,, ..................................

White —

1544 years .........................

15.29 years ...... ............................. . 480

3044 years .. .................................. 578

81ack —

15.44 years .,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,,..,.,.,. 485

15.29 years ................................ .. .. 199

304S years .................................... 286

llnclud,wr aces other than white and black.

33
Table 21. Number of never married women 1544 years of age with offspring of their own inthehousehold andpercent distribution by

contraceptive status, according to age: United States, 1973

Age

15-44 years .............................. .........................

15-29 ymrs ........................................... .. ........ ..................

3044 years .......................................................................

Number

of

women

in

thousands

771

606

165

=

II I Noncontraceptors

Percent distribution

Other

nonusers

J

Table 22. Number of never married women 15-44 years of age with offspring of their own in the household using contraceptives and percent distribution by method of

contraception used, according to age: United States, 1973

I Number I II Method of contraception

of cent ra. All

Age ceptors contra- Female Male

in sterili -

Dia- Withceptors sterili- Pill IUD Condom Foam Rhythm Douche

phragm drawal Other

thousands zati on zation

II Percent distribution

15-44 years., ......... ..... 437 100.0 13.1 - 61.9 ‘11.7 “1.6 “3.9 ●1.4 “0.1 ‘0.1 “2.4 “3.6

15-29 years ................................ 366 100.0 “7.2 - 70.5 ‘1O.2 “1.9 ‘4.3 ‘1.3 ‘2.1 “2.4

30.44 years, ............................... “ 70 100.0 ‘43.8 “17.2 ●19.7 ‘2.0 ‘2.1 “0.8 ‘0.6 ‘3.8 ●9.9

34
APPENDIXES

CONTENTS

I.

II.

III.

L

II.

HI.

Iv.

Technicaf Notes ..............................................................................................................................

Background ...............................................................................................................................

Statistical Design of the Survey .................................................................................................

Measurement Process ................................................................................................................

Data Reduction ..........................................................................................................................

ReliabiMy of Estimates .............................................................................................................

Nonsampling Error ....................................................................................................................

Definitions of Terms ......................................................................................................................

Selected Sections of the Currently Married Women Questionnaire of the National Survey of

Family Growth ............................................................................................................................

LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES

Approximate standard errors for estimated numbers for white women and women of all races

combined: 1973 National Survey of Family Growth ...................................................................

Approximate standard errors for estimated percents expressed in percentage points for white

women and women of all races combined: 1973 National Survey of Family Growth .....................

Approximate standard errors for estimated numbers for black women: 1973 National Survey of

Family Growth ............................................................................................................................

Approximate standard errors for estimated percents expressed in percentage points for black

women: 1973 National Sumey of Family Growth .......................................................................

36

36

36

37

37

38

39

42

44

38

39

39

40

35
APPENDIX I

TECHNICAL NOTES

Background

This report is one of a series of statistical reports based on information collected from a

nationwide sample of women by the National

Survey of Family Growth.

The National Survey of Family Growth

(NSFG) utilizes a questionnaire which obtains

demographic and socioeconomic information

and information on fertiIity, family planning,

and health factors related to childbearing. As

data relating to various subjects within these

broad topics are tabulated and analyzed, separate reports are issued. This report is based on

data collected in the first cycle of the survey

centered on September 13, 1973.

The population covered by the sample for

the National Survey of Family Growth is women

15 to 44 years of age living in households in the

conterminous United States at the time of interview who were ever married or had offspring of

their own living with them. The sample did not

include women living in institutions or group

quarters. Personal interviews were conducted by

the staff of the National Opinion Research Center beginning in July 1973 and ending in February 1974.

Statistical Design of the Survey

The sampling plan for the survey was a multistage probability design. Black households and

households of all other races were selected at

different probabilities so that the sample was

comprised of about 40 percent black women

and 60 percent women of all other races. The

sample was designed so that tabulations could be

provided for each of the four major geographic

regions of the United States.

The first stage of the sample desire consisted

of drawing

(PSU’S). A

36

.

a sample of primary sampling units

PSU consisted of a county, a small

group of contiguous counties, or a standard

metropolitan statistical area as defined by the

U.S. Bureau of the Census in March 1971. The

second and third stages of sampling were used to

select several segments within each PSU. A systematic sample of dwelling units was then

selected from each segment. Each sample dwelling unit was visited by an interviewer who listed

all household members. If a woman under 45

years of age, ever married or with offspring in

the household, was listed in the household, an

extended interview was conducted. If more than

one woman in the household met the eligibility

criteria, one woman was randomly selected for

an extended interview.

Since the design of NSFG was a complex

multistage probability sample, the derivation of

estimates involved three basic operations:

Inflation by the reciprocal of the probability

of selection. —The probability y of selection is

the product of the probabilities of selection

from each step of selection in the design

(PSU, segment-stratum, listing unit, household, and sample persons within household).

iVonresponse adjustment. —The estimates

were inflated by a multiplication of two factors, the first of which has the number of

sample households in a given PSU and stratum as its numerator and the number of

households screened in the PSU and stratum

as its denominator. The second factor has

as its numerator the number of screened

households with an eligible woman of a

specific age-race class and PSU group and as

its denominator the number of women actually interviewed in the same age-race class

and PSU. Screener response for the total

survey was 89.8 percent, and interview response was 90.2 percent for the total sam-
pie, yielding an overall response of approximately 81.0 percent.

Posts trati’ication by marital status, age, and

race. —The estimates are ratio-adjusted

within each of 12 age-race cells to an independent estimate of the population for ever

married women. These independent estimates were derived from the U.S. Bureau of

the Census Current Population Surveys of

1971-73. The number of single women with

offspring of their own living with them were

inflated by the first two operations.

All figures are individually rounded;” aggregate figures are rounded to the nearest thousand.

The sum of aggregates and percents may not add

up to the total (100 percent) due to the

rounding.

The effect of the ratio-estimating process is

to make the sample more closely representative

of the population of women under 45 years of

age livin,g in households in the conterminous

United States who are ever married or have their

offspring living with them. The final poststratification reduces the sample variance of the estimates for most statistics.

Descriptive material on the sampling design

and estimation procedures may be found in

J report in Series 2 of Vital and Health

Statistics.6

Measurement Process

Field operations for the survey were conducted by the National Opinion Research Center, Chicugo, Illinois, as an agent for the

National Center for Health Statistics. Their responsibilities included pretesting the interview

schedule, selecting the sample, interviewing respondents, and carrying out quality control

checks. The questionnaire was pretested in

November 1972, and there were subsequent

smaller field trials in March 1973. Interviewers

were tmined for a week prior to field work and

6Nati,on~ c~nterfor H~alfi stati~tic~: National SUr.

vey of Family Growth, Cycle I, sample design, estimation procedures, and variamce estimations, by D. K.

French. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 2-No. 76.

DHEW Pub. No. (PHS) 78-1350. Public Health Service.

Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan.

1978.

had their first few schedtdes reviewed thoroughly. Interviewers with poor quality work

were directly observed by supervisors. During

the first part of field work, each interview schedule was reviewed for the completeness of certain

key items with more intensive review and followup if errors were discovered. Review was

reduced to a sample of each interviewer’s work

in the later part of the field work. A 10-percent

sample of all households with telephones was

recontacted to verify the interview and the

accuracy of a few items. A1l these operations

were monitored by the National Center for

Health Statistics.

Parts of the interview schedule used to elicit

information about the contraceptive use and

fecundity of the respondent are reproduced in

appendix III. The full questionnaire is reproduced in another report.7 Although two different forms of the schedule were used, one for

interviewing currently married women and the

other for interviewing widowed, divorced, and

separated women or single women with their

own offspring living with them, only portions of

the currently married questionnaire are reproduced in this report. The two forms differ

mainly in wording when reference is made to

the husband, although there are a few questions

in each schedule that are not in the other. Complete schedules are available upon request from

the Family Growth Survey Branch, Division of

Vital Statistics.

Data Reduction

Coding and keying were done by the National Opinion Research Center and the U.S.

Bureau of the Census. Each coder’s work was

systematically sampled for verification. Keying

at the U.S. Bureau of the Census was performed

on key-to-disk equipment programmed to reject

inwdid entries. Each keyer’s work was systematically sampled for verification also. The data

were edited by the U.S. Bureau of the Census

7Nation~ center for Heath Statistics: Statistics

needed for nationaJ poIicies related to fertility, a report

of the United States National Committee on Vital and

Health Statistics. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 4-No.

18. DHEW Pub. No. (PHS) 78-1455. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan.

1978.

37
and the National Center for Health Statistics to

minimize internal inconsistencies. After editing,

value entries were imputed to cases with missing

data on an item-by-item basis. No item with

more than 15 percent missing data was included

in the imputation. The imputed value entry for

a case was selected from a randomly chosen case

with similar characteristics such as race, age, and

marital status, using a procedure known as “hot

deck” imputation.

Reliability of Estimates

Since the statistics presented in this report

are based on a sample, they may differ somewhat from the figures that would have been obtained if a complete census had been taken,

using the same questionnaires, instructions, interviewing personnel, and field procedures. This

chance difference between sample results and a

complete count is referred to as sampling error

and is measured by a statistic called the standard

error of estimate. Approximate standard errors

for numbers and estimated percents from this ‘

survey are shown in tables I and II for white

women and women of all races combined and

in tables III and IV for black women. The

standard errors were computed using a procedure known as balanced half-sample replication.

Details of this procedure can be found in the

Series 2 report mentioned earlier!

The chances are about 68 out of 100 that an

estimate from the sample would differ from a

.

8See fOO~Ote 6,

Table 1. Approximate standard errors for estimated numbers for

white women and women of all races combined: 1973

National Survey of Family Growth

Size of estimate

Relativa Standard

standard

error

error

50,000 .................................................

100,000...............................................

200,000 ...............................................

500,000 ...............................................

1,000,000............................................

2,000,000 ............................................

5,000,000 ............................................

10,000,000..........................................

20,000,000..........................................

30.0

21.2

15.0

9.5

6.7

4.8

3.0

2.2

1.5

15,000

21,000

30,000

47,000

67,000

95,000

151,000

216,000

311,000

complete census by less than the standard error.

The chances are about 95 out of 100 that the

differences between the sample estimate and a

complete count would be less than twice the

standard error. In this report, numbers and percents which have a standard error that is more

than 25 percent of the estimate itself are considered unreliable. They are marked with an

asterisk to caution the user but may be combined to make other types of comparisons of

greater precision.

Sample statistics are compared among subgroups using the normal deviate test at the .05

level of confidence. A statistically significant

difference among comparable proportions of

other statistics from two or more subgroups is

one sufficiently greater than zero that a difference of that size or larger would be expected in

less than 5 percent of repeated samples of the

same size and type if there were no trtie difference in the populations sampled. If the observed

difference or a larger one could be expe(cted in

more than 5 percent of repeated samples, it cannot be concluded that there is a true difference

in the populations. When an observed difference

is sufficiently greater than zero to be statistically

significant, the true difference in the population

is estimated to lie between the observed difference plus and minus two standard errors of that

difference in 95 out of 100 samples.

When two sample statistics or more are compared and they have ordy small, statistically

nonsignificant differences among them, they

may be referred to as the “same” or “similar. ”

However, where a substantial difference is observed and found not to be statistically significant, it should not be concluded that no, difference exists but simply that such a difference

cannot be established with 95-percent confidence from this sample. Where observed differences are described in terms such as “greater,”

“less,” “larger,” or “smaller,” they have been

tested and found statistically significant. Lack of

comment in the text between any two statistics

does not mean the difference was tested and

found not to be significant.

The standard error of a difference between

two comparative statistics, say the proportion

with characteristic M among black women compared with white women, is approximately the

square root of the sum of the squares of the

38
Table 11. Approximate standard errors for estimated percents expressed in percentage points for white women and women of all races

combined: 1973 National Survey of Family Growth

Base of percentage

loo.ooo . ................................ ........................................................ .. ...... ..............

5oo.ooo ................................................................... .... ............ .................... ........

l.ooo.ooo ....................................... .................. ........................................... ..... ...

3.000.000 ................................ .................... ................ .... .......... ............ ..............

5.mo.ooo ...... ......................... ................... ....... .................................... ............ ...

7.000.000 ........................................................ ............ .................... ................ ....

lo.ooo.ooo..........................................................................................................

standard errors of the statistics considered

separately.

A formula for the standard error of a difference, d =P1’- P2, is

where PI is the population for one group and P2

the proportion for the comparative group and

~P1 and ~P2 are the reIative errors of PI and P2,

respectwely. This formula will represent the

actual standard error quite accurately for the

difference between separate and uncorrelated

characteristics, although it is only a rough

approximation in most other cases. The relative

standard error of various proportions can be

estimated from tables II and IV for statistics

based on the National Survey of Family Growth.

Nonsampling Error

In addition to sampling error, the survey results are subject to several sources of potential

nonsampling error, including interview nonresponse, nonresponse to individual questions

within the interview, inconsistency of responses

to individual questions, respondent error or misreporting, and errors of recording, coding, or

punching by survey personnel. It is impossible

to measure the extent of nonsampling errors

accurately. Although some useful approximate

measures can be made of some types of nonsampfing error, the survey must rely on several

quality control procedures and other methods

incorporated into the survey design to minimize

nonsampIing error.

2 or

98

3.0

1.3

0.9

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.3

5 or

95

4.6

2.1

1.5

0.8

0.6

0.5

0.5

Estimated percentage

lOor

90

6.4

2.8

2.0

1.2

0.9

0.8

0.6T

20 or 30 or

80 70

8.5 9.7

3.8 4.3

2.7 3.1

1.5 1.8

1.2 1.4

1.0 1.2

0.8 1.0

40 or

60

10.4

4.6

3.3

1.9

1.5

1.2

1.0

50

10.6

4.7

3.3

1.9

1.5

1.3

1.1

Interview nonres~onse. or the failure to ob-

.

tain whole interviews, ‘arises from several

sources: incomplete Iisting of households for the

sampling frame, inabiIity to screen all sample

households for eligible respondents, and inability to complete a full interview. Completeness

of a listing cannot be tested directly, as it requires an independent accurate accounting of

the households that should have been listed. In

the National Survey of Family Growth, listing

accuracy was tested by use of the “haIf-open

interval” check for households missed at the

time of screening; i.e., at designated sample

households, the interviewer was required to

check for dwelling units between the sample

household just screened and the next listed

divelling unit. This procedure resulted in the

addition of 781 missed units, or an additional

2.4 percent, to the original sample of dwelling

units to be screened.

Of the origimd sample of 32,818 dwelling

units to be screened, 3,820 were found to be

Table I I 1. Approximate standard errors for estimated numbers

for black women: 1973 National Survey of Family Growth

Size of estimate

Relative Standard

standard

error

error

25,000 .............................. ...................

50,000 .................................................

100,000 .................................. .............

150,000 ........... ..... ............ ........ ...... .....

250,000 .............................. ......... ........

350,000 ....................... ........................

500,000 .............................. .................

750,000 ........... ....................................

l.ooo.ooo .............. ..............................

25.3

17.9

12.7

10.3

8.0

6.8

5.7

4.7

4.0

6,000

9,000

13,000

16,000

20,000

24,000

28,000

35,000

40,000

39
Table IV. Approximate standard errors for estimated percents expressed in percentage points for black women: 1973 National Survey

of Family Growth

1

Base of percentage

t

2 or

98

7.9

5.6

2.5

1.8

1.0

0.8

0.7

0.6

vacant, not dwelling units, or group quarters. Of

the remaining dwelling units, 9.7 percent were

not successfully screened, including 2.3 percent

refusals to have the household members listed,

1.6 percent people with language problems or

illness or otherwise unavailable in the field

period, 4.6 percent where no one could be

found at home, and 1.1 for other reasons such

as being refused access to the unit or lost

records.

Of the 26,177 households for which screening was completed, 10,879 were found to contain an eligible respondent. However, interviews

were not completed in 9.8 percent of these

cases because of refusals by the eligible respondents (5.0 percent), language, illness, and related

problems (2.0 percent), and no contact after repeated calls (2.7 percent).

The nonresponse adjustment for interview

nonresponse described above imputes to nonresponding dwelling units and women the characteristics of similar respondent dwelling units and

women.

Nonresponse to individual questions (item

nonresponse) was less than 2 percent for about

half (51 percent) of the items. Item nonresponse

occurs where the person refused to answer the

question, where the person did not know the

answer to the question, where the question was

erroneously not asked or the answer not recorded by the interviewer, and where the answer

was uncodable. For 37 percent of the items,

nonresponse was between 2.0 and 10.0 percent.

For the remaining 12 percent of items, nonresponse was greater than 10 percent of persons

eligible to answer the items. Half of these high

5 or

95

12.3

8.7

3.9

2.7

1.6

1.2

1.0

0.9

Estimated percentage

t

lOor 20 or

90 80

17.0 22.6

12.0 16.0

5.4 7.1

3.8 5.1

2.2 2.9

1.7 2.3

1.4 1.9

1.2 1.6

25.9 27.7 28.3

18.3 19.6 20.0

8.2 8.8 8.9

5.8 6.2 6.3

3.3 3.6 3.6

2.6 2.8 2.8

2.2 2.3 2.4

1.8 2 Jo 2.0

nonres~onse items were concentrated in two .

areas—detailed income questions and questions

about the reasons for switching from one contraceptive method to another. The remaining

high nonresponse items were generally those

asked of small numbers of persons.

For most items an adjustment for missing

data values was made by one of four imputation

procedures. In order of frequency employed,

they were (1) “hot deck” imputation, (2) imputation from a sorted file, (3) editing from

other data within the same case, and (4) aUocation based on technical judgments.

“Hot deck” imputation refers to a procedure

in which the file is first randomized. Next a matrix is created for values of items (e.g., race, age,

and marital status) judged to be correlated with

the item to be imputed (e.g., number of times

married). A reasonable “cold deck” value (e g.,

2 = married twice) is assigned to each cell of the

matrix in case the first file record with the given

characteristics has missing data. The randomized

file is processed and each record is identified as

belonging to one cell of the matrix (e.g., white,

aged 25-29 years, currently married). The item

to be imputed is checked; if it is blank or not

applicable (e.g., not married before), it is ignored; if it has a missing data code, the code in

the matrix is placed in the record. If it has an

acceptable code, that code replaces the code

already in the matrix, and it remains in the matrix until another record with the same characteristics and a known code is encountered. This

insures that the probability of a code being assi~ed to a record with missing data is the same

as the probability of that code occurring among

40
records with the same characteristics but with

known data.

For imputation from a sorted file, the records are first sorted by selected characteristics,

e.g., marital status, race, and age, so that the

first group of records will be currently married

black women aged 15-19 years, the second

group currently married black women aged 20-

24 years, etc. An initial value is assigned for the

item to be imputed (e g., 4 [tubal ligation] for

type of sterility); and for any item dependent

on the item to be imputed, (e.g., 9 [not ascertained] to whether the operation was for contraceptive reasons). The ordered file is processed

and each record is checked. If the item to be imputed is blank, it is ignored; if it has a known

code, the item and its dependent items replace

the existing set of values; if it has a missing data

code, the item and its dependent items are

changed to the preset values above. This procedure insures the imputed code is reasonable for

the ordering characteristics and that the probability of assignment is the same as in the population in general. There will be some bias, however, as the boundaries between groups are

crossed.

Where sampling error affects the precision of

survey estimates, nonsampling error introduces

bias. Imputation procedures reduce this bias to

the extent that the assumptions about the relations between respondent and nonrespondent

characteristics are true. But the amount of remaining bias, if any, cannot be measured. Therefore stringent quality control procedures were

introduced at every stage of the survey, including the check on completeness of the household

listing mentioned earlier, the extensive training

and practice of interviewers, field observations

of interviewers, field editing of questionnaires,

short verification interviews with a subsample of

respondents and missed households, verification

of coding of coders and editors, keypunch verification, and an extensive computer “cleaning”

to check for impermissible codes, missing data,

and response inconsistencies. One source of bias

which can be evaluated through special studies

but cannot be controlled is respondent error,

whether deliberate or unwitting. In this, as in

other surveys, the data are subject to problems

of accurate recall and of the stability of respondents’ views from one time to the next.

000

41
APPENDIX II

DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

Contraceptive status. —The classification b y

contraceptive status is derived from several

topics covered in the questionnaire including

pregnancy status, fecundity, current use or nonuse of contraception, and specific contraceptive

methods being used. A first broad division is

made between noncontraceptors and contraceptors, each of which is further subclassified.

Noncontraceptive status is classified as follows :

1. Pregnant. –A woman (m couple) was

classed as pregnant if she replied affirmatively to the question “Are you pregnant now?” or for those in doubt “Do

you think you probably are pregnant or

not?” A woman who reported that the

onset of her last menstrual period was

within the last 30 days prior to the interview was automatically considered not

pregnant.

2. Seeking pregnancy .-A woman (or couple) was classified as seeking pregnancy

if she reported she was not using a

method at the time of interview because

she wanted to become pregnant.

3. Post partum. –A woman (or couple) was

classified as post partum if she reported

she was not currently using a method,

was not seeking a pregnancy, and her last

pregnancy had terminated within 2

months before the date she was interviewed.

4. SteriZe. –A woman (or couple) was classified as noncontraceptively sterile if she

reported that it was impossible for her to

have another baby for any of the foHowing reasons: menopause, sterility due to

accident, illness, or congenital causes, or

a sterilizing operation performed on the

wife or husband entirely for reasons

other than preventing future children.

5. Other nonusers. –Women (or couples)

who reported they were currently using

no contraceptive method and could not

be classified in any of the preceding categories of noncontraceptors were classified here. Among these are women who

were indifferent to the chances of pregnancy, had a very low risk of pregnancy

due to some fecundity impairment, or

objected to contraceptive methods for

personal or religious reasons. Women

who used the douche following intercourse, but who did not report this as a

method of contraception, were also

classified here although such douching

practice is known to have a very modest

contraceptive effect when done very

soon after intercourse.

Contraceptive status is classified as follows:

1.

2.

Sten.Ze.–A woman (or couple) was classified as contraceptively sterile if she or

her husband had had a sterilizing operation that was done “at least partly so

that (they) would not have any more

children.” Surgical sterilizations for contraceptive reasons are further classified

according to female and male operations.

Method users. –A woman (or couple)

who reported use of a contraceptive

method at the date of interview was classified according to the specific method

used. Methods used by extremely small

42
proportions of the population, such as

jelIy, cream suppositories, or abstinence,

not in combination with any other

methods, were grouped in “the category

“Other.” Where more than one method

was reported in current use, the method

generally considered the most effective

was used for classification purposes. The

oral contraceptive pill, the intrauterine

device (IUD), and contraceptive sterilization were developed, or achieved prominence, since 1960 and are referred to as

the modern methods, while those prominent before 1960 are referred to as traditional methods.

Age. -In this report, age is classified by the

age of the respondent at her last birthday before

the date of interview.

Race. –Classification by race, based on interviewer observation, was reported as black,

white, or other. Race refers to the race of the

woman interviewed.

Hispanic origin.–A respondent was classified

as being of Hispanic origin if she reported her

origin or descent as Mexican, Chicano, Me.sican

American, Puerto Rican, Cuban, or Other

Spanish.

Labor force status.–A woman is categorized

as being in the labor force if she was working

full time or part time, had a job but was not at

work because of temporary iIIness, vacation, or a

strike, or if she was unemployed, laid off, or

Iooking for work.

Pozwty kzvl income. –The poverty index

ratio was calculated by dividing the total family

income by the weighted average threshold income of nonfarm families with the head under

65 years of age based on the poverty levels

shown in the U.S. Bureau of the Census Current

Population Reports, Series P-60, No. 98, “Characteristics of the Low-Income Population,

1973,” table A-3. This definition takes into account the sex of the family head and the number of persons in the family. Total family income includes income from all sources for all

members of the respondent’s family.

Reg.on. –Region refers to the part of the

country where the respondent was living at the

time of the survey according to the definition of

the U.S. Bureau of the Census.

Parity. –Parity refers to the number of Iive

births the respondent has had.

Marital status. –Persons are classified by

maritaI status as married, widowed, divorced,

separated, or never married. Married persons include those who report themselves as married or

as informally married (living with a partner or

common-Iaw spouse). Persons who are temporarily separated for reasons other than marital discord, such as vacation, illness, or Armed Forces,

are classified as married. Divorced persons are

those whose most recent marriage \vas legally

dissolved and who are free to remarry. The annulled, whiIe having the legal status of never

having been married, are classified together with

the divorced. The category “separated” includes

those who are legally or informally separated

from their most recent spouse due to marital

discord. The “never married” include those who

have never had a formal marriage and do not

consider themselves in any of the preceding categories. However, in NS FG, single women with

offspring of their own in the household were included and are separately classified.

Education. –Education refers to the highest

grade of regukir school the woman had completed at the survey date.

Religz.on. -W70men were asked whether they

were Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, or something

else. Protestant incIudes most of the Christian

groups other than Roman Catholic.

Household population. –The household

population consists of persons living in households. A household is a person or a group of

persons, provided no more than five are unrelated to the head of the household, who occupy

a room or ~~oup of rooms intended as separate

living quarters; that is, the occupants do not live

and eat with any other persons in the structure,

and there is either (1) direct access from the outside of the buiIding or through a common hall or

(2) complete kitchen facilities for the exclusive

use of the occupants of the household.

43
APPENDIX Ill

SELECTED SECTIONS OF THE CURRENTLY MARRIED

WOMEN QUESTIONNAIRE OF THE

NATIONAL SURVEY OF FAMILY GROWTH

~0 What was the date your last normal period began?

m rll ml “Fc:::s:YN:y.M;:T: EA..cHAPJ@

Month Day Year THEN SKIP TO INTRO. FOR Q’S 24-26. )

IF “operation/menopause” TO Q. 21,

ENTER YEAR ON RECALL CHART @j &

SKIP TO INTRODUCTION FOR Q’S 24-26.

14 19

~, Areyo. pregnant now?

Yes. . . . . .

L

(ASKA) . .; RECALL

No . . . . . . . . . . .

.3 CH;

Don’t know . . (ASK B) . . 8

A. IF YES: When do you expect the baby to be born? ENTER DATE ON LAST LINE OF

COLUMN Y ON BIRTH AND

PREGNANCY RECORD.

B. IF DON’T KNOW: Well, do you think you probably are pregnant or not?

Probably am 1

. (ASK C) . . 1 RECALL

Probably not . . . . . . .ZJ Cg

c. IF PROBABLY PREGNANT: If you are pregnant, when do you think the baby

will be born? ENTER DATE ON LAST LINE OF COLUMN Y

ON BIRTH AND PRIGNANCY RECORD.

20

21

44
~, Since (your last pregnancy/July, 1970), did you

ever use any method to delay or prevent a

d

BOX I

pregnancy?

Yes.(CODE ~ No. (CODE ~ IN BOX I, RECALL CHART H ❑.

Iu

IN BOX I) AND SKIP TO Q. 56)

51, Starting with the first method used during this

time. please tell me all methods in the order

that you used them. (INTERVIEWER, DO NOT COUNT

METHODS USED FOR LESS THAN ONE MONTH.)

PROBE: What other methods?

IF MORX THAN ONE METHOD: Did you use any of

these together? (IF YES, CIRCLE METHODS USED

TOGETHER AND TREAT AS SINGLE METHOD.)

I

1st , 2nd 1.3rd I 4th

,(P~THODISYMBOL)I

I I 11-

1

I I 14

I

I

I I

I

I I

I

I I

I

I I

52, In what month and year did you start to use

(METHOB+? ENTER MONTH AND YEAR.

IF R“OR HUSB. STERILIZATION OPERATION, SKIP TO Q.56

3, While you were using (METHOD) during this time,

were there some times when you skipped using any

method at all?

Yes..(ASKA) No.. (CIRCLE~)

A. Would you say you skipped using (METHOD)

often, sometimes, or only once or twice?

Often..(CIRCLE z) Sometimes..(CIRCLE ~)

Only once or twice..(CIRCLE~)

IF LAST METHOD, SKIP TO Q. 55;

OTHERWISE CONTINUE WITH Q. 54.

~,, Inwhatmonth and year did you stop using (METHOD)?

JGO E4CK TO Q. 52 FOR NEXT METHOD.]

55, LAST METHOD THIS INTERVAL, ASK: Are you and your

husband still using (METHOD)?

Yes . . (CIiiCLE ~ h GO TO Q. 56) RECALL

CHART@

No.. (CIRCLE ~ AND AsKA)

A. In what month and year did you stop using

(METHOD)? ENTER ~NTHAND YEAR AND GOTO Q. 56.

lrpll~lp--p:p :;-

— . .

I I III I 1:1 I l:ifi23-

Yr I Yr Yr 30

I I

1

I I

111,1,1

31-

1 I

2 I 2 , 2 ,2. 34

I

I I

313,3,3

1

1 I

414,4,4

I I

Yes No

51

1 2

mEcl ‘2‘5

Month Year 56 67/R

45
SECTION IV

IF R HAS ALREADY MENTIONED HER OR HUSBAND’S STERILITY, CHECKU AND SKIp TO Q. 59. 10

We are talking with women about children they may have in the future, as well as about

those they already have. For the moment we are talking only about babies who may be

born to you.

!7, Some couples find it difficult to have children. Do you have any reason to believe

it would be difficult or impossible for you and your husband to have a(nother) baby

(after this one)?

Yes . . . . . . . . . .1 11

No (SKIP TO Q. 60) . 2

46
~, Have youoryour husband talked vithadoctor abaut this?

Yes . .(ASKA) ...1 No . .( ASK B) . ...2

A. What did the doctor say? B. Why do you think it would be

difficult or impossible?

IRECORD VERBATIM AND CODE CATEGORY CLOSEST TO RESPONDENT’S RESPONSE ]

r

Husband has had a sterilizing operation . .(GO TO Q. 59) . 01 13 14

llR1f has had an operation . . . . . . . . .(GO TCIQ. 59) . 02

Impossible due to accident . . . . . . . . .(GO TO Q. 59) . 03

L

!!R!!or husband sterile for other reasons . .(GOTOQ. 59) . 04

“R” has reached menopause (SKIP TO Q. 65) . 05

r

It is difficult for “R” to carry baby the

full nine months . . . . . . . . . . . .(SKIPTO Q. 60) . 06

There is a physical difficulty getting pregnant,

butnodanger . . . . . . . . . . . ..(SKIP TOQ.60) . 07

It is difficult for husband to father

a child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(SKIPTO Q. 60) . 08

!!R!!has difficulty getting pregnant but

reason is unknown . . . . . . . . . . .(SKIPTOQ. 60) . 09

There is a non-medical/non-physical

reason . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(SKIPTOQ. 60) . 10

It would be dangerous for “R” to become

pregnant (again) . . . . . . . . . . . .(SKIP TO Q. 60) . 11

It would be dangerous for the baby . . . .(SKIP TO Q. 60) . 12

47
A

(IF “Sterile--unspecified” OR

“Accident or illness,” CODE 7

OR 8 WITHOUT ASKING & GO TO B)

——— ——— ——— —— ——— —

What kind of operation was it?

B

CHOOSE APPROPRIATE QUESTrON

(1) When was the operation done?

(2) When did the accident occur?

(3) When did you learn (you were/

your husband was) sterile?

Removal of one ovary

15

m m ‘6 1’

(Ovariectomy) . . . . . . 1

I 1 I L 1 I

(Month) (Year)

Removal of both ovaries

(Ovariectomy) . . . . . . 2 “

mm

(Month) (Voar)

One tube tied (tubal

ligation) or removed . . 3

mm

(Month) (Year)

Both tubes tied (tubal >’<

ligation) or removed . . 4

mm

(Month) (Year)

Removal of uterus

(hysterectomy) . . . . . 5 *

mm

(Month ‘I (Year)

Vasectomy (cutting male +<

sperm ducts) . . . . . . 6

mm

(Month) (Year)

.,!:

Accident or illness . . . 7 MD

(Month) (Year)

$<

Sterile--unspecified . . 8 mm

(Month) (Year)

.,!<_— STERILE (MONTH AND YEAR AT @ ON RECALL CHART.)

c

ASK FOR OPERATIONS

Was the operation done

at least partly so that

you would not have any

(more) children?

Yes I No

20

1 2

1 2

(SKIP TO

Q 65)

1 2

1 2

(SKIP TO

Q. 65)

1 2

(SKIP TO

Q. 65)

1 2

(SKIP TO

Q. 65)

-1- ..

(SKIP TO .............

.............

.............

Q. 65)

.............

.............

............. (SKIP TO .............

.............

............. Q. 65)

~~, Is the reason you are not using a method to delay or prevent pregnancy becacse

you, yourself, want to become pregnant as soon as possible?

Yes. . . . . . 1 29

No . . . . . . 2

48

*U.S. WVEP.NMSNT PR2X’1’lNG OFFICE : 1979 0-281-259/34
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