II 

112TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 1351 

To promote the development, manufacturing, and use of advanced batteries, 

and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

JULY 12, 2011 

Ms. STABENOW introduced the following bill; which was read twice and 

referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 

A BILL 

To promote the development, manufacturing, and use of 

advanced batteries, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 

5 ‘‘Battery Innovation Act of 2011’’. 

6 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of 

7 this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title. 

Sec. 2. Definitions. 

TITLE I—BATTERY SUPPLY 

Sec. 101. Grants for lithium production research and development. 

Sec. 102. Study on the supply of raw materials. 


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TITLE II—BATTERY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 

Subtitle A—Battery Research and Development 

Sec. 201. ARPA–E plug-in electric drive vehicle research and development programs. 

Sec. 202. Advanced Battery Breakthrough Achievement Awards. 

Sec. 203. Energy innovation hubs. 

Subtitle B—Vehicle Research and Development 

Sec. 211. Program. 

Sec. 212. Sensing and communications technologies. 

Sec. 213. Manufacturing. 

Sec. 214. User testing facilities. 

Sec. 215. Reporting. 

Subtitle C—Medium- and Heavy-Duty Commercial and Transit Vehicles 

Sec. 221. Program. 

Sec. 222. Class 8 truck and trailer systems demonstration. 

Sec. 223. Technology testing and metrics. 

Sec. 224. Nonroad systems pilot program. 

Subtitle D—Authorization of Appropriations 

Sec. 231. Authorization of appropriations. 

TITLE III—BATTERY MANUFACTURING 

Sec. 301. Advanced battery manufacturing assistance. 

TITLE IV—ALTERNATIVE AND SECONDARY USE OF BATTERIES 

Sec. 401. Alternative and secondary use of batteries. 

Sec. 402. Loan guarantees for advanced battery purchases for use in stationary 

applications. 

1 SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 

2 (a) IN GENERAL.—In this Act: 

3 (1) ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY— 

4 ENERGY.—The term ‘‘Advanced Research Projects 

5 Agency—Energy’’ means the Advanced Research 

6 Projects Agency—Energy established by section 

7 5012(b) of the America COMPETES Act (42 

8 U.S.C. 16538(b)). 


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1 (2) DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘‘Department’’ 

2 means the Department of Energy. 

3 (3) FEDERAL-AID SYSTEM OF HIGHWAYS.—The 

4 term ‘‘Federal-aid system of highways’’ means a 

5 highway system described in section 103 of title 23, 

6 United States Code. 

7 (4) PLUG-IN ELECTRIC DRIVE VEHICLE.—The 

8 term ‘‘plug-in electric drive vehicle’’ has the meaning 

9 given the term in section 131(a)(5) of the Energy 

10 Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 

11 17011(a)(5)). 

12 (5) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 

13 the Secretary of Energy. 

14 (b) DEFINITION OF PLUG-IN ELECTRIC DRIVE VEHI15 CLE.—Section 131(a)(5) of the Energy Independence and 

16 Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17011(a)(5)) is amend17 ed— 

18 (1) by redesignating subparagraphs (A), (B), 

19 and (C) as clauses (i), (ii), and (iii), respectively, 

20 and indenting appropriately; 

21 (2) by striking ‘‘means a vehicle that—’’ and 

22 inserting ‘‘means— 

23 ‘‘(A) a vehicle that—’’; 


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1 (3) in subparagraph (A)(iii) (as so redesig2 nated), by striking the period at the end and insert3 ing ‘‘; and’’; and 

4 (4) by adding at the end the following: 

5 ‘‘(B) any other motor vehicle— 

6 ‘‘(i) for which the motive electric 

7 power can be recharged from an external 

8 source of power; and 

9 ‘‘(ii) that has a maximum speed of 

10 greater than 25 miles per hour.’’. 

11 TITLE I—BATTERY SUPPLY 

12 SEC. 101. GRANTS FOR LITHIUM PRODUCTION RESEARCH 

13 AND DEVELOPMENT. 

14 Subtitle E of title VI of the Energy Independence and 

15 Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17241 et seq.) is amend16 ed by adding at the end the following: 

17 ‘‘SEC. 657. GRANTS FOR LITHIUM PRODUCTION RESEARCH 

18 AND DEVELOPMENT. 

19 ‘‘(a) DEFINITION OF ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—In this sec20 tion, the term ‘eligible entity’ means— 

21 ‘‘(1) a private partnership or other entity that 

22 is— 

23 ‘‘(A) organized in accordance with Federal 

24 law; and 


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1 ‘‘(B) engaged in lithium production for use 

2 in advanced battery technologies; 

3 ‘‘(2) a public entity, such as a State, tribal, or 

4 local governmental entity; or 

5 ‘‘(3) a consortium of entities described in para6 graphs (1) and (2). 

7 ‘‘(b) GRANTS.—The Secretary shall provide grants to 

8 eligible entities for research, development, demonstration, 

9 and commercial application of domestic industrial proc10 esses that are designed to enhance domestic lithium pro11 duction for use in advanced battery technologies, as deter12 mined by the Secretary. 

13 ‘‘(c) USE.—An eligible entity shall use a grant pro14 vided under this subsection to develop or enhance— 

15 ‘‘(1) domestic industrial processes that increase 

16 lithium production, processing, or recycling for use 

17 in advanced lithium batteries; or 

18 ‘‘(2) industrial process associated with new for19 mulations of lithium feedstock for use in advanced 

20 lithium batteries. 

21 ‘‘(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

22 are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 

23 out this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2011 

24 through 2014.’’. 


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1 SEC. 102. STUDY ON THE SUPPLY OF RAW MATERIALS. 

2 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of the Interior, in 

3 consultation with the Secretary, shall conduct a study 

4 that— 

5 (1) identifies the raw materials needed for the 

6 manufacture of plug-in electric drive vehicles, bat7 teries, and other components for plug-in electric 

8 drive vehicles, and for the infrastructure needed to 

9 support plug-in electric drive vehicles; 

10 (2) describes the primary or original sources 

11 and known reserves and resources of those raw ma12 terials; 

13 (3) assesses, in consultation with an inde14 pendent analysis entity designated by the Secretary, 

15 the degree of risk to the manufacture, maintenance, 

16 deployment, and use of plug-in electric drive vehicles 

17 associated with the supply of those raw materials; 

18 (4) identifies pathways to securing reliable and 

19 resilient supplies of those raw materials; and 

20 (5) assesses, in coordination with relevant Fed21 eral agencies (as determined by the Secretary), the 

22 international trade opportunities and barriers, in23 cluding tariffs, for the continued development of ad24 vanced batteries in the United States. 

25 (b) REPORT.—Not later than 3 years after the date 

26 of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Interior 


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1 shall submit to Congress a report that describes the re2 sults of the study. 

3 (c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 

4 authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection 

5 $1,500,000. 

6 TITLE II—BATTERY RESEARCH 

7 AND DEVELOPMENT 

8 Subtitle A—Battery Research and 

9 Development 

10 SEC. 201. ARPA–E PLUG-IN ELECTRIC DRIVE VEHICLE RE11 SEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS. 

12 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Advanced Research Projects 

13 Agency—Energy established by section 5012(b) of the 

14 America COMPETES Act (42 U.S.C. 16538(b)) (referred 

15 to in this section as ‘‘ARPA–E’’) shall use funds made 

16 available under this section to fund high-risk, high-reward 

17 research and development programs supporting the devel18 opment and manufacture of plug-in electric drive vehicles 

19 and charging infrastructure, including advanced batteries, 

20 plug-in electric drive components, and plug-in electric 

21 drive infrastructure. 

22 (b) SUPPLEMENTAL FUNDS.—Funds made available 

23 under this section shall used to supplement (and not sup24 plant) funds made available for the Advanced Research 

25 Projects Agency—Energy. 


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1 (c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

2 are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 

3 such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years 2011 

4 through 2014. 

5 SEC. 202. ADVANCED BATTERY BREAKTHROUGH ACHIEVE6 MENT AWARDS. 

7 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may make cash 

8 awards, in amounts determined by the Secretary, in rec9 ognition of breakthrough achievements in research, devel10 opment, demonstration, and commercial application of 

11 batteries that— 

12 (1) are able to power a plug-in electric drive ve13 hicle authorized to travel on the Federal-aid system 

14 of highways for at least 500 miles before recharging; 

15 (2) are of a size that would not be cost-prohibi16 tive or create space constraints, if mass-produced; 

17 (3) are cost-effective (measured in cost per kilo18 watt hour), if mass-produced; and 

19 (4) demonstrate advances in battery durability, 

20 energy density, and power density; 

21 (5) meet other goals established by the United 

22 States Advanced Battery Consortium; and 

23 (6) meet such additional battery specifications 

24 as the Secretary determines to be necessary. 

25 (b) BATTERY ACHIEVEMENT AWARD FUND.— 


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1 (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established in 

2 the Treasury of the United States a fund to be 

3 known as the ‘‘Battery Achievement Award Fund’’ 

4 (referred to in this section as the ‘‘Fund’’), to be ad5 ministered by the Secretary, to be available without 

6 fiscal year limitation and subject to appropriation, to 

7 award amounts under this section. 

8 (2) TRANSFERS TO FUND.—The Fund shall 

9 consist of such amounts as are appropriated to the 

10 Fund under subsection (c). 

11 (3) PROHIBITION.—Amounts in the Fund may 

12 not be made available for any purpose other than a 

13 purposes described in subsection (a). 

14 (4) ANNUAL REPORTS.— 

15 (A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days 

16 after the end of each fiscal year beginning with 

17 fiscal year 2012, the Secretary shall submit a 

18 report on the operation of the Fund during the 

19 fiscal year to— 

20 (i) the Committees on Appropriations 

21 of the House of Representatives and of the 

22 Senate; 

23 (ii) the Committee on Energy and 

24 Natural Resources of the Senate; and 


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1 (iii) the Committee on Energy and 

2 Commerce of the House of Representa3 tives. 

4 (B) CONTENTS.—Each report shall in5 clude, for the fiscal year covered by the report, 

6 the following: 

7 (i) A statement of the amounts depos8 ited into the Fund. 

9 (ii) A description of the expenditures 

10 made from the Fund for the fiscal year, in11 cluding the purpose of the expenditures. 

12 (iii) Recommendations for additional 

13 authorities to fulfill the purpose of the 

14 Fund. 

15 (iv) A statement of the balance re16 maining in the Fund at the end of the fis17 cal year. 

18 (5) SEPARATE APPROPRIATIONS ACCOUNT.— 

19 Section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code, is 

20 amended— 

21 (A) by redesignating paragraphs (35) and 

22 (36) as paragraphs (36) and (37), respectively; 

23 (B) by redesignating the second paragraph 

24 (33) (relating to obligational authority and outVerDate Mar 15 2010 02:00 Jul 13, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S1351.IS S1351

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1 lays requested for homeland security) as para2 graph (35); and 

3 (C) by adding at the end the following: 

4 ‘‘(38) a separate statement for the Battery 

5 Achievement Award Fund established under section 

6 202(b) of the Battery Innovation Act of 2011, which 

7 shall include the estimated amount of deposits into 

8 the Fund, obligations, and outlays from the Fund.’’. 

9 (c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

10 are authorized to be appropriated to the Fund such sums 

11 as are necessary to carry out this section. 

12 SEC. 203. ENERGY INNOVATION HUBS. 

13 The Secretary may establish energy innovation 

14 hubs— 

15 (1) to advance highly promising areas of science 

16 and engineering relating to batteries throughout all 

17 applicable stages, including research through pro18 viding promising technology and information to the 

19 private sector; and 

20 (2) to foster unique, cross-disciplinary collabo21 rations by bringing together leading scientists and 

22 engineers to focus on high priority technology relat23 ing to batteries. 


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1 Subtitle B—Vehicle Research and 

2 Development 

3 SEC. 211. PROGRAM. 

4 (a) ACTIVITIES.—The Secretary shall conduct a pro5 gram of basic and applied research, development, engi6 neering, demonstration, and commercial application activi7 ties on materials, technologies, and processes with the po8 tential to substantially reduce or eliminate petroleum use 

9 and the emissions of the passenger and commercial vehi10 cles of the United States, including activities in the areas 

11 of— 

12 (1) hybridization or full electrification of vehicle 

13 systems; 

14 (2) batteries and other energy storage devices; 

15 (3) power electronics; 

16 (4) vehicle, component, and subsystem manu17 facturing technologies and processes; 

18 (5) engine efficiency and combustion optimiza19 tion; 

20 (6) waste heat recovery; 

21 (7) transmission and drivetrains; 

22 (8) hydrogen vehicle technologies, including fuel 

23 cells and internal combustion engines, and hydrogen 

24 infrastructure; 


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1 (9) compressed natural gas and liquefied petro2 leum gas vehicle technologies; 

3 (10) aerodynamics, rolling resistance, and ac4 cessory power loads of vehicles and associated equip5 ment; 

6 (11) vehicle weight reduction, including 

7 lightweighting materials; 

8 (12) friction and wear reduction; 

9 (13) engine and component durability; 

10 (14) innovative propulsion systems; 

11 (15) advanced boosting systems; 

12 (16) hydraulic hybrid technologies; 

13 (17) engine compatibility with and optimization 

14 for a variety of transportation fuels including nat15 ural gas and other liquid and gaseous fuels; 

16 (18) predictive engineering, modeling, and sim17 ulation of vehicle and transportation systems; 

18 (19) refueling and charging infrastructure for 

19 alternative fueled and electric or plug-in electric hy20 brid vehicles, including the unique challenges facing 

21 rural areas; 

22 (20) gaseous fuels storage systems and system 

23 integration and optimization; 


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1 (21) sensing, communications, and actuation 

2 technologies for vehicle, electrical grid, and infra3 structure; 

4 (22) efficient use, substitution, and recycling of 

5 potentially critical materials in vehicles, including 

6 rare earth elements and precious metals, at risk of 

7 supply disruption; 

8 (23) aftertreatment technologies; 

9 (24) thermal management of battery systems; 

10 (25) retrofitting advanced vehicle technologies 

11 to existing vehicles; 

12 (26) development of common standards, speci13 fications, and architectures for both transportation 

14 and stationary battery applications; 

15 (27) advanced internal combustion engines; and 

16 (28) other research areas as determined by the 

17 Secretary. 

18 (b) TRANSFORMATIONAL TECHNOLOGY.—The Sec19 retary shall ensure that the Department continues to sup20 port research, development, engineering, demonstration, 

21 and commercial application activities and maintains com22 petency in mid- to long-term transformational vehicle tech23 nologies with potential to achieve deep reductions in petro24 leum use and emissions, including activities in the areas 

25 of— 


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1 (1) hydrogen vehicle technologies, including fuel 

2 cells, internal combustion engines, hydrogen storage, 

3 infrastructure, and activities in hydrogen technology 

4 validation and safety codes and standards; 

5 (2) multiple battery chemistries and novel en6 ergy storage devices, including nonchemical batteries 

7 and electromechanical storage technologies such as 

8 hydraulics, flywheels, and compressed air storage; 

9 (3) communication, connectivity, and power 

10 flow among vehicles, infrastructure, and the elec11 trical grid; and 

12 (4) other innovative technologies research and 

13 development, as determined by the Secretary. 

14 (c) INDUSTRY PARTICIPATION.—To the maximum 

15 extent practicable, activities under this Act shall be carried 

16 out in partnership or collaboration with automotive manu17 facturers, heavy commercial, vocational, and transit vehi18 cle manufacturers, qualified plug-in electric vehicle manu19 facturers, compressed natural gas and liquefied petroleum 

20 gas vehicle manufacturers, vehicle and engine equipment 

21 and component manufacturers, manufacturing equipment 

22 manufacturers, advanced vehicle service providers, fuel 

23 producers and energy suppliers, electric utilities, univer24 sities, national laboratories, and independent research lab25 oratories. In carrying out this Act the Secretary shall— 


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1 (1) determine whether a wide range of compa2 nies that manufacture or assemble vehicles or com3 ponents in the United States are represented in on4 going public private partnership activities, including 

5 firms that have not traditionally participated in fed6 erally sponsored research and development activities, 

7 and where possible, partner with such firms that 

8 conduct significant and relevant research and devel9 opment activities in the United States; 

10 (2) leverage the capabilities and resources of, 

11 and formalize partnerships with, industry-led stake12 holder organizations, nonprofit organizations, indus13 try consortia, and trade associations with expertise 

14 in the research and development of, and education 

15 and outreach activities in, advanced automotive and 

16 commercial vehicle technologies; 

17 (3) develop more efficient processes for trans18 ferring research findings and technologies to indus19 try; 

20 (4) give consideration to conversion of existing 

21 or former vehicle technology development or manu22 facturing facilities for the purposes of this Act; 

23 (5) establish and support public-private part24 nerships, dedicated to overcoming barriers in com25 mercial application of transformational vehicle techVerDate Mar 15 2010 02:00 Jul 13, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S1351.IS S1351

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1 nologies, that utilize such industry-led technology de2 velopment facilities of entities with demonstrated ex3 pertise in successfully designing and engineering 

4 pre-commercial generations of such transformational 

5 technology; and 

6 (6) promote efforts to ensure that technology 

7 research, development, engineering, and commercial 

8 application activities funded under this Act are car9 ried out in the United States. 

10 (d) INTERAGENCY AND INTRAAGENCY COORDINA11 TION.—To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary 

12 shall coordinate research, development, demonstration, 

13 and commercial application activities among— 

14 (1) relevant programs within the Department, 

15 including— 

16 (A) the Office of Energy Efficiency and 

17 Renewable Energy; 

18 (B) the Office of Science; 

19 (C) the Office of Electricity Delivery and 

20 Energy Reliability; 

21 (D) the Office of Fossil Energy; 

22 (E) the Advanced Research Projects Agen23 cy—Energy; and 

24 (F) other offices as determined by the Sec25 retary; and 


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1 (2) relevant technology research and develop2 ment programs within the Department of Transpor3 tation and other Federal agencies, as determined by 

4 the Secretary. 

5 (e) COORDINATION AND NONDUPLICATION.—In co6 ordinating activities the Secretary shall ensure, to the 

7 maximum extent practicable, that activities do not dupli8 cate those of other programs within the Department or 

9 other relevant research agencies. 

10 (f) FEDERAL DEMONSTRATION OF TECH11 NOLOGIES.—The Secretary shall make information avail12 able to procurement programs of Federal agencies regard13 ing the potential to demonstrate technologies resulting 

14 from activities funded through programs under this Act. 

15 (g) INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION.—The 

16 Secretary shall seek opportunities to leverage resources 

17 and support initiatives of State and local governments in 

18 developing and promoting advanced vehicle technologies, 

19 manufacturing, and infrastructure. 

20 (h) CRITERIA.—When awarding grants under this 

21 program, the Secretary shall give priority to those tech22 nologies (either individually or as part of a system) that— 

23 (1) provide the greatest aggregate fuel savings 

24 based on the reasonable projected sales volumes of 

25 the technology; and 


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1 (2) provide the greatest increase in United 

2 States employment. 

3 SEC. 212. SENSING AND COMMUNICATIONS TECH4 NOLOGIES. 

5 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in coordination 

6 with the Secretary of Transportation and the relevant re7 search programs of other Federal agencies, shall conduct 

8 research, development, engineering, and demonstration ac9 tivities on connectivity of vehicle and transportation sys10 tems, including on sensing, computation, communication, 

11 and actuation technologies that allow for reduced fuel use, 

12 optimized traffic flow, and vehicle electrification, including 

13 technologies for— 

14 (1) onboard vehicle, engine, and component 

15 sensing and actuation; 

16 (2) vehicle-to-vehicle sensing and communica17 tion; 

18 (3) vehicle-to-infrastructure sensing and com19 munication; and 

20 (4) vehicle integration with the electrical grid 

21 and communications to provide grid services. 

22 (b) COORDINATION.—The activities carried out under 

23 this section shall supplement (and not supplant) activities 

24 under the intelligent transportation system research pro25 gram of the Department of Transportation. 


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1 SEC. 213. MANUFACTURING. 

2 The Secretary shall carry out a research, develop3 ment, engineering, demonstration, and commercial appli4 cation program of advanced vehicle manufacturing tech5 nologies and practices, including innovative processes to— 

6 (1) increase the production rate and decrease 

7 the cost of advanced battery manufacturing; 

8 (2) vary the capability of individual manufac9 turing facilities to accommodate different battery 

10 chemistries and configurations; 

11 (3) reduce waste streams, emissions, and en12 ergy-intensity of vehicle, engine, advanced battery 

13 and component manufacturing processes; 

14 (4) recycle and remanufacture used batteries 

15 and other vehicle components for reuse in vehicles or 

16 stationary applications; 

17 (5) produce cost-effective lightweight materials 

18 such as advanced metal alloys, polymeric composites, 

19 and carbon fiber; 

20 (6) produce lightweight high pressure storage 

21 systems for gaseous fuels; 

22 (7) design and manufacture purpose-built hy23 drogen and fuel cell vehicles and components; 

24 (8) improve the calendar life and cycle life of 

25 advanced batteries; and 


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1 (9) produce permanent magnets for advanced 

2 vehicles. 

3 SEC. 214. USER TESTING FACILITIES. 

4 Activities under this subtitle may include construc5 tion, expansion, or modification of new and existing vehi6 cle, engine, and component research and testing facilities 

7 for— 

8 (1) testing or simulating interoperability of a 

9 variety of vehicle components and systems; 

10 (2) subjecting whole or partial vehicle platforms 

11 to fully representative duty cycles and operating con12 ditions; 

13 (3) developing and demonstrating a range of 

14 chemistries and configurations for advanced vehicle 

15 battery manufacturing; and 

16 (4) developing and demonstrating test cycles for 

17 new and alternative fuels, and other advanced vehi18 cle technologies. 

19 SEC. 215. REPORTING. 

20 (a) TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPED.—Not later than 18 

21 months after the date of enactment of this Act and annu22 ally thereafter through 2017, the Secretary of Energy 

23 shall transmit to Congress a report regarding the tech24 nologies developed as a result of the activities authorized 

25 by this subtitle, with a particular emphasis on whether the 


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1 technologies were successfully adopted for commercial ap2 plications, and if so, whether products relying on those 

3 technologies are manufactured in the United States. 

4 (b) ADDITIONAL MATTERS.—At the end of each fis5 cal year through 2017, the Secretary shall submit to the 

6 relevant Congressional committees of jurisdiction an an7 nual report describing activities undertaken in the pre8 vious year under this subtitle, active industry participants, 

9 efforts to recruit new participants committed to design, 

10 engineering, and manufacturing of advanced vehicle tech11 nologies in the United States, progress of the program in 

12 meeting goals and timelines, and a strategic plan for fund13 ing of activities across agencies. 

14 Subtitle C—Medium- and Heavy15 Duty Commercial and Transit 

16 Vehicles 

17 SEC. 221. PROGRAM. 

18 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in partnership 

19 with relevant research and development programs in other 

20 Federal agencies, and a range of appropriate industry 

21 stakeholders, shall carry out a program of cooperative re22 search, development, demonstration, and commercial ap23 plication activities on advanced technologies for medium24 to heavy-duty commercial, vocational, recreational, and 

25 transit vehicles, including activities in the areas of— 


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1 (1) engine efficiency and combustion research; 

2 (2) onboard storage technologies for compressed 

3 natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas; 

4 (3) development and integration of engine tech5 nologies designed for compressed natural gas and 

6 liquefied petroleum gas operation of a variety of ve7 hicle platforms; 

8 (4) waste heat recovery and conversion; 

9 (5) improved aerodynamics and tire rolling re10 sistance; 

11 (6) energy and space-efficient emissions control 

12 systems; 

13 (7) heavy hybrid, hybrid hydraulic, plug-in hy14 brid, and electric platforms, and energy storage 

15 technologies; 

16 (8) drivetrain optimization; 

17 (9) friction and wear reduction; 

18 (10) engine idle and parasitic energy loss reduc19 tion; 

20 (11) electrification of accessory loads; 

21 (12) onboard sensing and communications tech22 nologies; 

23 (13) advanced lightweighting materials and ve24 hicle designs; 

25 (14) increasing load capacity per vehicle; 


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1 (15) thermal management of battery systems; 

2 (16) recharging infrastructure; 

3 (17) compressed natural gas and liquefied pe4 troleum gas infrastructure; 

5 (18) advanced internal combustion engines; 

6 (19) complete vehicle modeling and simulation; 

7 (20) hydrogen vehicle technologies, including 

8 fuel cells and internal combustion engines, and hy9 drogen infrastructure; 

10 (21) retrofitting advanced technologies onto ex11 isting truck fleets; and 

12 (22) integration of these and other advanced 

13 systems onto a single truck and trailer platform. 

14 (b) LEADERSHIP.—The Secretary shall appoint a 

15 full-time Director to coordinate research, development, 

16 demonstration, and commercial application activities in 

17 medium- to heavy-duty commercial, recreational, and tran18 sit vehicle technologies. Responsibilities of the Director 

19 shall be to— 

20 (1) improve coordination and develop consensus 

21 between government agency and industry partners, 

22 and propose new processes for program management 

23 and priority setting to better align activities and 

24 budgets among partners; 


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1 (2) regularly convene workshops, site visits, 

2 demonstrations, conferences, investor forums, and 

3 other events in which information and research find4 ings are shared among program participants and in5 terested stakeholders; 

6 (3) develop a budget for the Department’s ac7 tivities with regard to the interagency program, and 

8 provide consultation and guidance on vehicle tech9 nology funding priorities across agencies; 

10 (4) determine a process for reviewing program 

11 technical goals, targets, and timetables and, where 

12 applicable, aided by life-cycle impact and cost anal13 ysis, propose revisions or elimination based on pro14 gram progress, available funding, and rate of tech15 nology adoption; 

16 (5) evaluate ongoing activities of the program 

17 and recommend project modifications, including the 

18 termination of projects, where applicable; 

19 (6) recruit new industry participants to the 

20 interagency program, including truck, trailer, and 

21 component manufacturers who have not traditionally 

22 participated in federally sponsored research and 

23 technology development activities; and 


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1 (7) other responsibilities as determined by the 

2 Secretary, in consultation with interagency and in3 dustry partners. 

4 (c) REPORTING.—At the end of each fiscal year, the 

5 Secretary shall submit to the Congress an annual report 

6 describing activities undertaken in the previous year, ac7 tive industry participants, efforts to recruit new partici8 pants, progress of the program in meeting goals and 

9 timelines, and a strategic plan for funding of activities 

10 across agencies. 

11 SEC. 222. CLASS 8 TRUCK AND TRAILER SYSTEMS DEM12 ONSTRATION. 

13 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall conduct a 

14 competitive grant program to demonstrate the integration 

15 of multiple advanced technologies on Class 8 truck and 

16 trailer platforms with a goal of improving overall freight 

17 efficiency, as measured in tons and volume of freight 

18 hauled or other work performance-based metrics, by 50 

19 percent, including a combination of technologies listed in 

20 section 221(a). 

21 (b) APPLICANT TEAMS.—Applicant teams may be 

22 comprised of truck and trailer manufacturers, engine and 

23 component manufacturers, fleet customers, university re24 searchers, and other applicants as appropriate for the deVerDate Mar 15 2010 02:00 Jul 13, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S1351.IS S1351

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1 velopment and demonstration of integrated Class 8 truck 

2 and trailer systems. 

3 SEC. 223. TECHNOLOGY TESTING AND METRICS. 

4 The Secretary, in coordination with the partners of 

5 the interagency research program described in section 

6 221(a)— 

7 (1) shall develop standard testing procedures 

8 and technologies for evaluating the performance of 

9 advanced heavy vehicle technologies under a range of 

10 representative duty cycles and operating conditions, 

11 including for heavy hybrid propulsion systems; 

12 (2) shall evaluate heavy vehicle performance 

13 using work performance-based metrics other than 

14 those based on miles per gallon, including those 

15 based on units of volume and weight transported for 

16 freight applications, and appropriate metrics based 

17 on the work performed by nonroad systems; and 

18 (3) may construct heavy-duty truck and bus 

19 testing facilities. 

20 SEC. 224. NONROAD SYSTEMS PILOT PROGRAM. 

21 The Secretary shall undertake a pilot program of re22 search, development, demonstration, and commercial ap23 plications of technologies to improve total machine or sys24 tem efficiency for nonroad mobile equipment including ag25 ricultural and construction equipment, and shall seek opVerDate Mar 15 2010 02:00 Jul 13, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S1351.IS S1351

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1 portunities to transfer relevant research findings and tech2 nologies between the nonroad and on-highway equipment 

3 and vehicle sectors. 

4 Subtitle D—Authorization of 

5 Appropriations 

6 SEC. 231. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

7 (a) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appro8 priated to the Secretary for United States research, devel9 opment, engineering, demonstration, and commercial ap10 plication of vehicles and related technologies, including ac11 tivities authorized under subtitles B and C, such sums as 

12 may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2012 through 

13 2016. 

14 (b) COST-SHARING REQUIREMENT.—The activities 

15 carried out under this title shall be subject to the cost16 sharing requirements of section 988 of the Energy Policy 

17 Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16352). 

18 TITLE III—BATTERY 

19 MANUFACTURING 

20 SEC. 301. ADVANCED BATTERY MANUFACTURING ASSIST21 ANCE. 

22 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall make grants 

23 for the manufacturing of advanced batteries and compo24 nents, and provide facility funding awards, to manufactur25 ers of advanced battery systems and vehicle batteries that 


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1 are produced in the United States, including manufactur2 ers of advanced lithium ion batteries and hybrid electrical 

3 systems, component manufacturers, software designers, 

4 and system design and vehicle integrators. 

5 (b) APPOINTMENT OF HIGHLY QUALIFIED INDIVID6 UALS.— 

7 (1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraphs (2) 

8 through (4), notwithstanding section 3304 of title 5, 

9 United States Code, and without regard to sections 

10 3309 through 3318 of that title, the Secretary, on 

11 a determination that there is a severe shortage of 

12 candidates or a critical hiring need for particular po13 sitions, may from funds made available to carry out 

14 this section, recruit and directly appoint highly 

15 qualified individuals into the competitive service to 

16 carry out this section. 

17 (2) EXCEPTIONS.—The authority provided 

18 under paragraph (1) shall not apply to positions in 

19 the excepted service or the Senior Executive Service. 

20 (3) MERIT PRINCIPLES.—Any action authorized 

21 under paragraph (1) shall be consistent with the 

22 merit principles of section 2301 of title 5, United 

23 States Code. 

24 (4) PUBLIC NOTICE.—In carrying out this sub25 section, the Secretary shall comply with the public 


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1 notice requirements of section 3327 of title 5, 

2 United States Code. 

3 (c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 

4 authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 

5 $2,000,000,000. 

6 TITLE IV—ALTERNATIVE AND 

7 SECONDARY USE OF BATTERIES 

8 SEC. 401. ALTERNATIVE AND SECONDARY USE OF BAT9 TERIES. 

10 (a) ALTERNATIVE AND SECONDARY USE APPLICA11 TIONS PROGRAM.— 

12 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 

13 out a research, development, and demonstration pro14 gram that builds upon any work carried out under 

15 section 915 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 

16 U.S.C. 16195) and— 

17 (A) identifies possible uses of a vehicle bat18 tery after the useful life of the battery in a ve19 hicle has been exhausted; 

20 (B) assesses the potential for markets for 

21 uses described in subparagraph (A) to develop, 

22 as well as any barriers to the development of 

23 the markets; 

24 (C) identifies the infrastructure, tech25 nology, and equipment needed to manage the 


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1 charging activity of the batteries used in sta2 tionary sources; and 

3 (D) identifies the potential uses of a vehi4 cle battery— 

5 (i) with the most promise for market 

6 development; and 

7 (ii) for which market development 

8 would be aided by a demonstration project. 

9 (2) REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after the 

10 date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 

11 submit to the appropriate committees of Congress 

12 an initial report on the findings of the program de13 scribed in paragraph (1), including recommendations 

14 for stationary energy storage and other potential ap15 plications for batteries used in plug-in electric drive 

16 vehicles. 

17 (b) ALTERNATIVE AND SECONDARY USE DEM18 ONSTRATION PROJECTS.— 

19 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall— 

20 (A) develop guidelines for projects that 

21 demonstrate the alternative and secondary uses 

22 of vehicle batteries; and 

23 (B) coordinate with the Secretary of De24 fense to demonstrate the use of batteries to 


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1 provide onsite power on United States military 

2 facilities. 

3 (2) PUBLICATION OF GUIDELINES.—Not later 

4 than 30 months after the date of enactment of this 

5 Act, the Secretary shall— 

6 (A) publish the guidelines described in 

7 paragraph (1); and 

8 (B) solicit applications for funding for 

9 demonstration projects. 

10 (3) GRANT PROGRAM.—Not later than 18 

11 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the 

12 Secretary shall select proposals for grant funding 

13 under this section, based on an assessment of which 

14 proposals are mostly likely to contribute to the devel15 opment of a secondary market for batteries. 

16 SEC. 402. LOAN GUARANTEES FOR ADVANCED BATTERY 

17 PURCHASES FOR USE IN STATIONARY APPLI18 CATIONS. 

19 Subtitle B of title I of the Energy Independence and 

20 Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17011 et seq.) is amend21 ed by adding at the end the following: 

22 ‘‘SEC. 137. LOAN GUARANTEES FOR ADVANCED BATTERY 

23 PURCHASES. 

24 ‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 


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1 ‘‘(1) QUALIFIED AUTOMOTIVE BATTERY.—The 

2 term ‘qualified automotive battery’ means a battery 

3 that— 

4 ‘‘(A) has at least 4 kilowatt hours of bat5 tery capacity; and 

6 ‘‘(B) is designed for use in qualified plug7 in electric drive motor vehicles but is purchased 

8 for nonautomotive applications. 

9 ‘‘(2) ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—The term ‘eligible en10 tity’ means— 

11 ‘‘(A) an original equipment manufacturer; 

12 ‘‘(B) an electric utility; 

13 ‘‘(C) any provider of range extension infra14 structure; or 

15 ‘‘(D) any other qualified entity, as deter16 mined by the Secretary. 

17 ‘‘(b) LOAN GUARANTEES.— 

18 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall guar19 antee loans made to eligible entities for the aggre20 gate purchase of not less than 200 qualified auto21 motive batteries in a calendar year that have a total 

22 minimum power rating of 1 megawatt and use ad23 vanced battery technology. 

24 ‘‘(2) RESTRICTION.—As a condition of receiving 

25 a loan guarantee under this section, an entity purVerDate Mar 15 2010 02:00 Jul 13, 2011 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S1351.IS S1351

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1 chasing qualified automotive batteries with loan 

2 funds guaranteed under this section shall comply 

3 with the provisions of the Buy American Act (41 

4 U.S.C. 10a et seq.). 

5 ‘‘(c) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary shall promulgate 

6 such regulations as are necessary to carry out this section. 

7 ‘‘(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

8 is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 

9 $50,000,000.’’. 

Æ 


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